cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The MRE11–RAD50–NBS1 Complex Conducts the Orchestration of Damage Signaling and Outcomes to Stress in DNA Replication and Repair

Genomic instability in disease and its fidelity in health depend on the DNA damage response (DDR), regulated in part from the complex of meiotic recombination 11 homolog 1 (MRE11), ATP-binding cassette-ATPase (RAD50), and phosphopeptide-binding Nijmegen breakage syndrome protein 1 (NBS1). The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex forms a multifunctional DDR machine. Within its network assemblies, MRN is the core conductor for the initial and sustained responses to DNA double-strand breaks, stalled replication forks, dysfunctional telomeres, and viral DNA infection. MRN can interfere with cancer therapy and is an attractive target for precision medicine. Its conformations change the paradigm whereby kinases initiate damage sensing. Delineated results reveal kinase activation, posttranslational targeting, functional scaffolding, conformations storing binding energy and enabling access, interactions with hub proteins such as replication protein A (RPA), and distinct networks at DNA breaks and forks. MRN biochemistry provides prototypic insights into how it initiates, implements, and regulates multifunctional responses to genomic stress.
Kaminzug und künstlicher Zug

Bei allen Verbrennungsprozessen mus die zur Verbrennung notige Luft entweder durch Saugwirkung oder durch Druck zugefuhrt werden. Das ursprungliche und noch am meisten angewendete Hilfsmittel hierzu ist der Schornsteinzug, das zuverlassigere der kunstliche Zug. Oft werden beide mit sehr gutem Erfolg kombiniert.
The Fantastic Machine

The Fantastic Machine the story of a man who struggles to keep family & friends safe when evil visits 1905 Portland, Oregon.
Hybrid Sets of Merged Data for Modal Model Applications

Often times, data is collected from a variety of different measurement systems that address different frequency ranges where the particular measurement system is well suited. These data sets may come from traditional accelerometer measurements and laser measurements and need to be merged into one complete data set. This can pose some difficulties when the measurement points are not collocated and reside at different points on the structure. With the advent of the use of optical measuring systems such as digital photogrammetry and digital image correlation techniques, the sets of points become even more complicated and a strategy is needed to merge all the data into one complete, scaled data set. This paper presents an approach to take multiple sets of data collected over different frequency ranges and different sets of points to form one complete set of modal vectors to be used for the description of the modal data set. The use of model expansion approaches and a finite element model are used for this work. A set of data is collected to illustrate the approach. Discussion of the results obtained is presented.
The impact of race and socioeconomic status on survival in multiple myeloma.

e17554 Background: Advances in multiple myeloma (MM) therapies have improved overall survival (OS), however, not all population subgroups have benefited equally from these advances. Population-base...
Practical Wisdom and Health Care

Healthcare in the developed world increasingly involves managing chronic conditions rather than curing acute ones. And managing chronic conditions typically requires that patients be partners rather than merely complaint executers of medical directives. To foster and sustain such partnerships, medical practitioners must possess not only technical competence, but moral competence. Medical education must be education in character—in virtue—and the cardinal virtue that must be educated is practical wisdom. We describe three institutional settings—inner-city health clinics, a program in medical education, and a program in a major medical center that provides palliative care—in which virtue education is taken as seriously as medical education, with good results for both the patients and the staff. Improving the health outcomes of an aging population will require that medical institutions commit themselves to allowing virtue to be nurtured and deployed.
Combined Loss of Ghrelin Receptor and Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in Mice Decreases Survival but does not Additively Reduce Body Weight or Eating.

Abstract Ghrelin administration increases food intake, body weight (BW), adiposity, and blood glucose. In contrast, although mouse models lacking ghrelin or its receptor (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHSR)) exhibit life-threatening hypoglycemia in starvation-like states, they do not exhibit appreciable reductions in food intake, BW, adiposity, blood glucose, or survival when food availability is unrestricted. This suggests the existence of a parallel neuromodulatory system that can compensate for disruptions in the ghrelin system in certain settings. Here, we hypothesized that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) may encode this putative redundancy, and as such, that genetic deletion of both GHSR and CB1R would exaggerate the metabolic deficits associated with deletion of GHSR alone. To test this hypothesis, we assessed food intake, BW, blood glucose, survival, and plasma acyl-ghrelin in ad libitum-fed male wild-type mice and those that genetically lack GHSR (GHSR-nulls), CB1R (CB1R-nulls), or both GHSR and CB1R (double-nulls). BW, fat mass, and lean mass were similar in GHSR-nulls and wild-types, lower in CB1R-nulls, but not further reduced in double-nulls. Food intake, plasma acyl-ghrelin, and blood glucose were similar among genotypes. Deletion of either GHSR or CB1R alone did not have a statistically-significant effect on survival, but double-nulls demonstrated a statistical trend towards decreased survival (p = 0.07). We conclude that CB1R is not responsible for the normal BW, adiposity, food intake, and blood glucose observed in GHSR-null mice in the setting of unrestricted food availability. Nor is CB1R required for plasma acyl-ghrelin secretion in that setting. However, GHSR may be protective against exaggerated mortality associated with CB1R deletion.
Non-Invasive Transcranial Nano-Pulsed Laser Therapy Ameliorates Cognitive Function and Prevents Aberrant Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Hippocampus of Rats Subjected to Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and epilepsy. The hippocampus, one of the most affected brain region after TBI, plays a critical rol...
Pediatric Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty Following Surgery for Chronic Ear Disease

Objective Rigid endoscopes can improve visualization of the tympanic space compared to traditional microscopic techniques. This study investigates whether use of transcanal endoscopic ossiculoplasty influences audiologic outcomes compared to microscopic ossiculoplasty following chronic ear surgery in children. Study design Comparative cohort study at two tertiary care centers. Methods Retrospective review of pediatric chronic ear cases where ossiculoplasty was performed from February 2009 to March 2018. Results We identified 100 ears that underwent endoscopic ossiculoplasty and 100 ears that underwent microscopic ossiculoplasty. The mean age was 11 years (range, 4-18 years) with 63% males. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the two groups. Subjects underwent either primary ossiculoplasty or ossiculoplasty during second-look procedures. There was no significant difference in air conduction pure tone average (PTA) after microscopic cases compared to endoscopic cases (-12.5 dB vs. -10.5 dB, P = .40). These results were independent of prosthesis type. Microscopic ossiculoplasty was significantly more likely to use a post-auricular approach (P = .0001). There was no difference in complication rate between the two groups. The malleus was more likely to be absent or removed prior to endoscopic ossiculoplasty (P = .0004) with no significant difference in the change in PTA between groups. Conclusions Transcanal endoscopic ossiculoplasty was found to have equivalent audiometric outcomes with significantly fewer post-auricular approaches and no increase in complications compared to microscopic ossiculoplasty. While the malleus was more likely to be absent in endoscopic cases, this did not appear to influence the change in PTA. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2020.
Spatially-Resolved Mapping of 3D Molecular Orientations with ~2 nm Spatial Resolution through Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering

We record local optical field images of silver nanocubes (75 nm) using tip-enhanced Raman (TER) spectral imaging. The images we observe are consistent with several recent reports from our group, bu...
Screening candidate supplementary cementitious materials under standard and accelerated curing through time-series surface resistivity measurements and change-point detection

Abstract Time-series surface resistivity (SR) measurements are evaluated as an indicator of pozzolanicity in concretes containing 13 materials of both known and unknown pozzolanicity, under standard and accelerated curing conditions, and the results were validated against portlandite consumption obtained through thermogravimetric analysis. Change-point detection (CPD) analysis is applied to the data to provide a rigorous indicator of hydration age of the onset and rate of the pozzolanic reaction, if occurring. The SR measurements were able to capture the onset of the pozzolanic reactions in concretes curing at elevated temperature regimes, which allows determination of pozzolanicity weeks earlier than at standard curing temperatures. Using CPD along with slope analysis allows a comprehensive analysis of a material's reactivity and determination of pozzolanicity in as quickly as two days. Time-series SR measurements at elevated curing conditions, along with limits on material composition, are recommended for determination of pozzolanic reactivity in novel or variable materials.
An in-depth investigation of BaO2/BaO redox oxides for reversible solar thermochemical energy storage

Abstract An in-depth investigation of the BaO2/BaO redox couple for reversible solar thermochemical energy storage has been performed. Beyond improving the cyclability and energy storage density of the material, an additional objective of this work is to better understand inconsistencies in the literature surrounding this chemistry. Sintering of BaO2/BaO is a hindrance for practical high temperature energy storage. MgO-stabilized BaO-based materials were synthesized by co-precipitation methods and investigated for improving the longevity and reactivity of the redox materials. The effect of the calcination environment during synthesis on sample purity was evaluated. Energy storage capacity and stability of commercial BaO2 and BaO2 made by co-precipitation methods were compared over 25 consecutive redox cycles. The effect of different amounts of MgO was studied, and it was discovered that with increasing amounts of MgO, the stability and reactivity of BaO2 increases while the energy storage density decreases. 15 wt% MgO/BaO2 exhibits the greatest stable weight gain/loss with a value of 6.62% (estimated 338 kJ/kg). A BaO2/MgO sample with 33 wt% MgO shows good storage capacity with weight gain/loss at 5.65% (corresponds to approximately 290 kJ/kg) over 200 redox cycles.
Punitive Damages Reform: The Case of Alabama

however, I believe that they are generally accepted within the academic community. To illustrate their import with greater salience, however, I would like to present one recent example of a punitive damages verdict in Alabama: the case that inspired the research presented above. The case will both reaffirm the pressing need for punitive damages reform and illustrate why such reform should be expanded to all state and federal litigation. In the case of Gallant v. Prudential," decided by jury verdict in April 1994, Iran and Leslie Gallant sued Prudential Life Insurance Company based on the actions of a Prudential agent. The Gallants purchased a combination life insurance-annuity policy with a $25,000 face value at a monthly premium of roughly $39.00. At the time of sale, the agent told them that the value of the annuity was roughly twice what it in fact was. The agent had added together the table indicating "Projected Return" with the table indicating the lower "Guaranteed Return." A jury found this action fraudulent and held the agent liable and Prudential separately liable for failing to better supervise the agent. 8 Fortunately, the problem was discovered before the policyholder had died or had retired to receive the annuity. Thus, to the time of trial, there was no true economic loss beyond the failed expectation of the larger future return. According to the transcript of the testimony, the Gallants testified that, between the time they discovered the misinformation and Prudential called them to offer a remedy (Prudential offered to return their premiums or to discuss adjusting the policy), they had suffered roughly two weeks of sleepless nights and substantial anger at having been misled. That was the extent of their "mental anguish." 26. Joseph E. Stigletz, Economics of the Public Sector 347 (1986). 27. Gallant v. Prudential Life Ins. Co., Barbour County, AL, CV-93-50 (1994) [hereinafter cited as Gallant].
Scrotal and Oral Temperatures are not Related to Semen Quality or Serum Gonadotropin Levels in Spinal Cord-Injured Men

Scrotal temperature, oral temperature, and the differ- ence between oral and scrotal temperature were measured in spinal cord-injured subjects (SCl) and non-injured subjects as controls. We statistically correlated these measures to semen quality and serum gonadotropin levels in both groups. No difference was found between SCI and control subjects on any temperature measurement. Mean sperm motility, mean sperm morphology, and mean serum gonad- otropin levels were significantly lower in SCI compared to control subjects, but these measures were not correlated to scrotal tem- perature, oral temperature, or the difference between oral and scrotal temperature in SCI or control subjects. These data indicate that: 1) there is not a generalized scrotal thermoregulatory dysfunction in SCI men; 2) scrotal temperature does not appear to contribute to poor semen quality in SCI men; and 3) elevated gonadotropin levels are not related to elevated scrotal temperatures in SCI men, as has been reported in non-injured, infertile men.
Case study of a secondary online program in a large, diverse midwestern public school district.

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2010. Major: Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Advisor: Dr. Judith Lambrecht. 1 computer file (PDF); xvi, 365 pages, appendices A-F.
An FPGA implementation of a Restricted Boltzmann Machine classifier using stochastic bit streams

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) usually require a very large number of computation nodes and can be implemented either in software or directly in hardware, such as FPGAs. Software-based approaches are offline and not suitable for real-time applications, but they support a large number of nodes. FPGA-based implementations, in contrast, can greatly speedup the computation time. However, resource limitations in an FPGA restrict the maximum number of computation nodes in hardware-based approaches. This work exploits stochastic bit streams to implement the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) handwritten digit recognition application completely on an FPGA. Exploiting this approach saves a large number of hardware resources making the FPGA-based implementation of large ANNs feasible.
Safety and effectiveness of microdebrider bronchoscopy for the management of central airway obstruction.

Background and objective Microdebrider bronchoscopy is a relatively new modality for the management of central airway obstruction (CAO) of both benign and malignant origin. Our objective was to describe our experience with this technique, with special attention to its safety and effectiveness. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases of therapeutic bronchoscopies using microdebrider for CAO from two institutions (M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston) from August 2008 through February 2012. Results We identified 51 cases. Malignant CAO was detected in 36 cases (71%): non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 22), melanoma (n = 3), small-cell-lung cancer (n = 2), thyroid cancer (n = 2), esophageal carcinoma (n = 2), breast cancer (n = 2), and others (n = 3). Benign diseases included: papillomas (n = 8), granulation tissue (n = 3), and others (n = 4). Obstruction was purely endoluminal in 32 cases (63%). Pre-treatment obstruction was severe in 25 cases (49%), moderate in 20 cases (39%) and mild in 6 (12%). Lesions were located in the trachea (n = 23), main stem bronchi (n = 25), and bronchus intermedius (n = 8), with some patients having more than one lesion. After tumor debulking with microdebrider, the residual airway obstruction was insignificant (n = 27 cases; 53%), mild (n = 23 cases; 45%), and moderate (n = 1; 2%). No major complications were encountered, only 2 patients had mild adverse events: one case of pneumomediastinum, and one self-expandable stent damage requiring its removal. Two patients (4%) died within 30 days of causes unrelated to the procedure or the CAO. Conclusions Microdebrider bronchoscopy is a potentially safe and effective way to manage central airway obstruction of both malignant and benign origin.
Parallel computing for semiquantal few-body systems in atomic physics

A parallel computing algorithm is constructed for semiquantal few-body sytems in atomic physics. The parallelization procedure is implemented with use of the MPI library. Satisfactory results are obtained for low-energy atomic reactions. The use of MPI functions increases the effectiveness of the calculations at least three times within our computer system topology.
River and Laboratory BOD Rate Considerations

Differences observed between the laboratory bottle BOD rate, k\D1\N, and the river BOD rate, k\Dr\N, motivated an investigation of river BOD conditions to develop a better understanding of the deoxygenation component of the river oxygen balance relationship, limiting consideration, however, to the effect of the BOD rate. Two river situations in Michigan, one a domestic waste problem on the Clinton River below the Pontiac, Mich., waste treatment plant, the other an industrial problem on the Tittabawassee River below the Dow Chemical Co. at Midland, were studied. To define the river BOD removal rate, k\Dr\N, under low flow warm weather conditions, and to relate the removal to the resulting oxygen conditions, special 48-hr around-the-clock intensive surveys were conducted on each river. For the Clinton River survey data, the resulting k\Dr\N = 1.1, while for the Tittabawassee River survey data, k\Dr\N = 0.2. It is concluded that the high river k\Dr\N on the Clinton River is the result of a combination of an accelerated oxidation rate in the river over the conventional laboratory bottle approach together with bilological extraction and accumulation, while the high river k\Dr\N on the Tittabawassee River is caused only by an accelerated river oxidation over the laboratory bottle approach.
Web 2.0: A Definition, Literature Review, and Directions for Future Research

The Web 2.0 paradigm has gained substantial momentum in the last decade. The influence of Web 2.0 principles and technologies has fueled an explosion of information and media content on the Web, and individual and corporate adoption of the technologies continues to rise. As the popularity and usefulness of these technologies continue to unfold, there has yet been no concise definition of the term Web 2.0, nor a clear understanding of its scope. We synthesize and analyze the extant academic and practitioner-oriented literature on the topic to 1) provide a clear, concise definition of the term Web 2.0, 2) categorize previous literature and uncover opportunities for future research, and 3) formulate a framework and accompanying recommendations to focus future research on the most salient topics. This paper can serve as a clear starting point for future academic research on Web 2.0 and its related principles and technologies.
The destructive 1946 Unimak near-field tsunami: New evidence for a submarine slide source from reprocessed marine geophysical data

The Mw 8.6 earthquake in 1946 off the Pacific shore of Unimak Island at the end of the Alaska Peninsula generated a far-field tsunami that crossed the Pacific to Antarctica. Its tsunami magnitude, 9.3, is comparable to the 9.1 magnitude of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. On Unimak Island's Pacific shore, a runup of 42 m destroyed the lighthouse at Scotch Cap. Elsewhere, localized tsunamis with such high runups have been interpreted as caused by large submarine landslides. However, previous to this study, no landslide large enough to generate this runup was found in the area that is limited by the time interval between earthquake shaking and tsunami inundation at Scotch Cap. Reworking of a seismic reflection transect and colocated multibeam bathymetric surveys reveal a landslide block that may explain the 1946 high runup. It is seaward of Scotch Cap on the midslope terrace and within the time-limited area.
Regional septal dysfunction in a three-dimensional computational model of focal myofiber disarray

MLC2v/ras transgenic mice display a phenotype characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with septal hypertrophy and focal myocyte disarray. Experimental measurements of septal wall mechanics i...
Resisting the Fixity of Suburban Space: The Walker as Rhetorician

This essay examines homogeneous, suburban commercial streets commonly found in the United States. These streets employ minutely regulated systems of order organized under the logic of automobile traffic. In a society where consumerism reigns, these streets and the spatial order they entail contribute significantly to the ideologies of everyday life. Because these streets rely almost entirely on driving, the walker opens a space of difference and rhetorical invention within these homogeneous spaces. Using Roxanne Mountford's notion of rhetorical space, I examine the fixity of these streets. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre's theorization of abstract space, or overdetermined spaces that attempt to crush any agency, I consider how tactics such as walking can open permanent room for rhetorical agency in abstract spaces. By attending to a common but particular rhetorical space that figures materially in the everyday lives of American consumers, I explore the possibilities of agency in a fixed rhetorical space.
Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements--a prospective study.

In utero estimates of fetal weight were evaluated prospectively in 109 fetuses with the use of sonographic models developed in a previous study. This report confirms that the best in utero weight estimates result from the use of models based on measurements of head size, abdominal size, and femur length. Since the accuracy of these models (1 SD = 7.5%) is significantly better than those based on measurements of head and body (e.g., biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference), we recommend routine use of such models in obstetric sonography.
Autocorrelation and Crosscorrelation Analysis in Electroencephalography

Autocorrelation and crosscorrelation analysis, which have been used extensively in statistical communication theory in the past few years, can be applied, with certain limitations, to the study of the EEG (electroencephalograph). Autocorrelograms for normal subjects can be classified in several categories, according to the dominant frequency, or frequencies, present, and other parameters. Crosscorrelograms of EEG recordings from different locations on the head permit a comparison of the electrical activity at the two locations. Correlation functions and power-density spectra contain equivalent information because the one may be obtained from the other by Fourier transformation; but, because of the squaring and multiplication that appear in the computation process, the data so obtained are not exact equivalents of the frquency spectra derived from tuned resonators. A special case of crosscorrelation analysis (crosscorrelation of a repetitive signal with a synchronously occurring brief pulse) can be applied to the detection of electric responses evoked by sensory stimulation. This process is equivalent to averaging a large number of individual responses. Illustrative examples, obtained from semi-automatic computers especially designed for the purpose, are given.
Interaction of hypertension and diabetes on renal function in black NIDDM subjects

Interaction of hypertension and diabetes on renal function in black NIDDM subjects. We studied renal function of 194 black subjects with duration of diagnosed NIDDM from 1 month to 36 years to determine the interaction of hypertension and diabetes on nephropathy. Renal function was assessed by isotopic GFR and RPF studies, and serum creatinine. One hundred seventeen of the 194 subjects had 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (AER). AER > 300 mg/24 h correlated with longer duration of NIDDM, decrease in GFR and RPF, and rise in serum Cr, and all subjects were hypertensive. AER 30 to 300 mg/24 h also correlated with a longer duration of NIDDM and 80% had hypertension. When 194 subjects were grouped according to duration of NIDDM and the presence or absence of hypertension, subjects who remained normotensive had normal renal function. In hypertensive subjects a decrease in GFR occurred with duration of NIDDM > 1 year and decrease in RPF with duration of NIDDM > 5 years. In hypertensive subjects with NIDDM > 10 years, 36% had impaired renal function (GFR 2 or serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dl) and 75% had microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria. Within this group, those subjects who developed hypertension after their diagnosis of diabetes were likely to have evidence of nephropathy as compared to those subjects whose hypertension was diagnosed prior to or simultaneous with their diabetes: 17 of 20 (85%) versus 7 of 13 (54%), respectively (P = 0.05). These data provide insight into the relationship between hypertension and diabetes in the development of nephropathy in black NIDDM individuals.
Proteoglycans and neoplasia

There is a growing realization that the whole tumor cell-matrix complex must be investigated in order to fully understand the process of cancer growth and metastasis. Proteoglycans are intrinsic constituents of the cell surface, extracellular matrix, and basement membrane, three logistically and functionally important structures involved in most cellular interactions. Proteoglycans influence the behavior of normal and malignant cells by virtue of their expanded configuration, polyanionic nature and, most of all, by their ability to interact with a variety of cellular products. Consequently, they have been implicated in a number of biological processes including proliferation, recognition, adhesion, and migration. They can serve as links between the extracellular and intracellular environment and thus transduce key biological signals. They can act as receptors for interstitial collagens and other matrix proteins and thus contribute to the organization of pericellular matrix. During neoplastic development there is a profound structural rearrangement of these macromolecules at both the plasma membrane and the pericellular level. Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in proteoglycan metabolism may contribute to the establishment of some well-known neoplastic properties, including lack of cohesiveness, abnormal assembly of extracellular matrix, abnormal growth, and invasion. The present work will focus on recent advances in our understanding of these complex macromolecules and on some of the alterations associated with the neoplastic phenotype, and will then attempt to elucidate some of the mechanisms regulating these changes.
Intellectual Disabilities and Hearing Loss.

Undetected/untreated hearing loss imposes significant limitations upon individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). It can interfere with cognitive development, impede communicative and social ...
Low-temperature thermal expansion and specific heat of KBr containing CN.

Thermal expansion coefficients and specific heats are reported for orientationally disordered KBr samples containing CN concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 50 mol %, and within a temperature range of 0.08\char21{}10 K. With increasing CN concentration, a broad spectrum develops in the coupling parameter between the tunneling excitations and lattice strains. As with other properties reported previously, the thermal expansion for 50 mol % CN in KBr is similar to that of an amorphous solid.
OUTCOME OF INFANTS WITH SEVERE RESPIRATORY FAILURE TREATED WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION AND PROLONGED NITRIC OXIDE THERAPY. 1317

OUTCOME OF INFANTS WITH SEVERE RESPIRATORY FAILURE TREATED WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION AND PROLONGED NITRIC OXIDE THERAPY. 1317
The Effect of Time on the Disciplinary Adjustment of Women in Prison

The number of women in state and federal prisons has doubled in the past 10 years (from approximately 40,000 to more than 87,000), yet research on women in prisons is extremely limited, especially with regard to women in maximum-security institutions. Significant studies on women inmates have focused on inmates’ adaptation to prison life and the development of kinship groups while incarcerated. A few studies have examined the disciplinary behavior of female inmates, by comparing female inmates with male inmates. However, there exists little research on the temporal patterns of disciplinary behavior among women inmates, which was the focus of this article.
The Hydroxyl Bond in n -Aliphatic Alcohols

ROBERTSON1, in an interesting note to NATURE, recently pointed out the probable existence of the Bernal-Megaw hydroxyl bond2 in resorcinol. Further evidence of the existence of such a bond is to be found in a previous paper by E. Ott and the author3 on the X-ray study of the n-aliphatic alcohols. It was found that in the -modification ( = 90°) the distance between hydroxyl groups projected on the c-axis is 1.46 A. If a close packing of the hydroxyl heads is assumed, the centres of the OH groups are then found to be separated by a distance of 3.13 A. The value of a0 = 4.76 A. given by Bernal4 is used in this calculation. The distance 3.13 A. is less than the ordinary approach between aliphatic chains, and compares favourably with the examples given by Bernal and Megaw in their discussion of the hydroxyl bond.
An absolute method for assay of virus hemagglutinins.

A rapid and precise method is described for determination of absolute numbers of hemagglutinating particles present in virus suspensions. The method involves spectrophotometric measurement of the number of red cells dimerized by the virus under conditions in which formation of larger aggregates is precluded. Results of this procedure are compared with those of titrations based on egg infectivity and the polystyrene microsphere electron micrography for influenza virus; and with plaque count titrations on chick embryo cell monolayers in the case of the virus of Newcastle disease. The agreement is well within the limits expected in view of the different quantities which the various procedures measure. The conversion factor for transforming titre in hemagglutinating units based on the pattern procedure into absolute number of agglutinating particles is the same for influenza and Newcastle disease virus. The precipitation of red blood cells by Newcastle disease virus at 23°C. is optimal at pH's between 6.2 and 5.8.
Allergic fungal rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.

The intent of this article is to review the published literature addressing the role of fungi as causative agents in allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Ambient mold spores are widely distributed in nature, and an estimated 3 to 10% of the world's population is allergic to molds. There are compelling epidemiologic links between mold (fungal) allergy and illnesses such as asthma and “asthma with allergic rhinitis.” Fungal allergy is more prevalent in areas of high ambient mold spore concentrations. However, epidemiologic studies have failed to demonstrate a direct relationship between fungal allergy and allergic rhinitis either via outdoor or indoor exposure. Fungal allergy is clearly linked to a subset of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) known as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). This condition represents an intense allergic response against colonizing fungi giving rise to formation of allergic (eosinophilic) mucin, mucostasis, and sinus opacification. A broader role for colonizing fungi has been postu...
Identification of the SiCl2 (ã 3B1−X̃ 1A1) emission system and a flow reactor source of SiCl2(ã 3B1)

Abstract The reactions of Ar( 3 P 0.2 ) atoms with SiCl 4 and SiHCl 3 , as well as direct electron impact with SiCl 4 , give an intense emission system from 500 to 650 nm. Based upon the spectroscopic constants of the upper and lower states and the long lifetime, ≈ 11 ± 2 ms, the emission is assigned as the SiCl 2 (a 3 B 1 -X 1 A 1 ) transition. The energy for SiCl 2 (a) is 2.35 eV; the bending frequency of the upper state is 159 ± 2 cm −1 . The quenching rate constants of SiCl 2 (a) by NO, C 2 H 4 , NH 3 and CH 4 are 1.2 × 10 −11 , 1.3 × 10 −11 , 4.1 × 10 −13 , and 1.5 × 10 −15 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , respectively.
Picornavirus Genome Replication IDENTIFICATION OF THE SURFACE OF THE POLIOVIRUS (PV) 3C DIMER THAT INTERACTS WITH PV 3Dpol DURING VPg URIDYLYLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF A STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR THE PV 3C2-3Dpol COMPLEX

Picornaviruses have a peptide termed VPg covalently linked to the 5′-end of the genome. Attachment of VPg to the genome occurs in at least two steps. First, Tyr-3 of VPg, or some precursor thereof, is used as a primer by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 3Dpol, to produce VPg-pUpU. Second, VPg-pUpU is used as a primer to produce full-length genomic RNA. Production of VPg-pUpU is templated by a single adenylate residue located in the loop of an RNA stem-loop structure termed oriI by using a slide-back mechanism. Recruitment of 3Dpol to and its stability on oriI have been suggested to require an interaction between the back of the thumb subdomain of 3Dpol and an undefined region of the 3C domain of viral protein 3CD. We have performed surface acidic-to-alanine-scanning mutagenesis of 3C to identify the surface of 3C with which 3Dpol interacts. This analysis identified numerous viable poliovirus mutants with reduced growth kinetics that correlated to reduced kinetics of RNA synthesis that was attributable to a change in VPg-pUpU production. Importantly, these 3C derivatives were all capable of binding to oriI as well as wild-type 3C. Synthetic lethality was observed for these mutants when placed in the context of a poliovirus mutant containing 3Dpol-R455A, a residue on the back of the thumb required for VPg uridylylation. These data were used to guide molecular docking of the structures for a poliovirus 3C dimer and 3Dpol, leading to a structural model for the 3C2-3Dpol complex that extrapolates well to all picornaviruses.
Refractory metal joining for first wall applications

Abstract The potential use of high temperature coolant (e.g. 900°C He) in first wall structures would preclude the applicability of copper alloy heat sink materials and refractory metals would be potential replacements. Brazing trials were conducted in order to examine techniques to join tungsten armor to high tungsten (90–95 wt%) or molybdenum TZM heat sink materials. Palladium-, nickel- and zirconium-based filler metals were investigated using brazing temperatures ranging from 1000°C to 1275°C. Palladium–nickel and palladium–cobalt braze alloys were successful in producing generally sound metallurgical joints in tungsten alloy/tungsten couples, although there was an observed tendency for the pure tungsten armor material to exhibit grain boundary cracking after bonding. The zirconium- and nickel-based filler metals produced defect-containing joints, specifically cracking and porosity, respectively. The palladium–nickel braze alloy produced sound joints in the Mo TZM/tungsten couple. Substitution of a lanthanum oxide-containing, fine-grained tungsten material (for the pure tungsten) eliminated the observed tungsten grain boundary cracking.
The antioxidant function of many animal pigments: are there consistent health benefits of sexually selected colourants?

Several classes of pigments impart flamboyant colours on animals, including the red, orange and yellow carotenoids. Carotenoid-based colours have served as ideal models for studying the honesty-reinforcing mechanisms underlying sexually selected traits, because the very pigments used to become colourful also have antioxidant and immunoregulatory properties that allow individuals to signal their superior health to prospective mates. It is unclear, however, whether other chemical colourants in animals confer similar physiological benefits. Here I make the observation that the other major groups of animal pigments, including melanins, pterins, porphyrins, psittacofulvins and flavonoids, also exhibit antioxidant activity in living systems. Thus, many types of pigment-based colour ornaments in animals have the potential to honestly reveal health state via the immunomodulatory action of the pigments themselves. To evaluate this hypothesis, the extent to which these sets of pigments serve antioxidant functions in colourful animals and to which animals face a trade-off shunting pigments to physiological functions versus colour displays should be investigated.
Characterization and actions of human umbilical endothelium derived relaxing factor

1. A bioassay cascade superfusion technique was utilized to study the properties of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from human umbilical vein (HUV) and compare its actions on umbilical, chorionic plate and bovine pulmonary arterial strips. 2. Histamine (1 microM), bradykinin (1 microM) and A-23187 (0.3 microM, 1 microM) but not acetylcholine (1 microM) released EDRF. 3. The non-innervated human foetoplacental vessels, i.e., umbilical and chorionic plate arteries, do relax to EDRF by a guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP)-mediated mechanism. 4. The sensitivity of the human umbilical arterial strips to EDRF was less than that of the chronic plate arterial strips. Bovine pulmonary arterial strips were the most sensitive to the relaxant actions of human umbilical EDRF.
A simplicial complex whose product with any ANR is a simplicial complex

Abstract If X is a finite-dimensional, complete, metric AR (or ANR), then X×R∞ is R∞ (or an open subset of R∞).
Characterization of the 107S peak on hepatic polysomal profiles from carbon tetrachloride-treated rats

Abstract A peak intermediate to the monomer and dimer peaks on hepatic polysomal profiles of CCl4-treated rats (1 ml/kg for 3 hr) was characterized. The intermediate peak had a sedimentation coefficient of 107S. The ratio of the 18S:28S ribosomal RNA in the isolated 107S material showed that the 107S structure consisted of a complex containing one 40S and two 60S ribosomal subunits.
Association between receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase RPTPalpha and the Grb2 adaptor. Dual Src homology (SH) 2/SH3 domain requirement and functional consequences

Abstract Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase RPTPα is found associated in vivo with the adaptor protein Grb2. Formation of this complex, which contains no detectable levels of Sos, is known to depend on a C-terminal phosphorylated tyrosine residue (Tyr798) in RPTPα and on the Src homology (SH) 2 domain in Grb2 (1, 2). We show here that association of Grb2 with RPTPα also involves a critical function for the C-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2. Furthermore, Grb2 SH3 binding peptides interfere with RPTPα-Grb2 association in vitro, and the RPTPα protein can dissociate the Grb2-Sos complex in vivo. These observations constitute a novel mode of Grb2 association and suggest a model in which association with a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein restricts the repertoire of SH3 binding proteins with which Grb2 can simultaneously interact. The function of the Tyr798 tyrosine phosphorylation/Grb2 binding site in RPTPα was studied further by expression of wild type or mutant RPTPα proteins in PC12 cells. In these cells, wild type RPTPα interferes with acidic fibroblast growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth; this effect requires both the catalytic activity and the Grb2 binding Tyr798 residue in RPTPα. In contrast, expression of catalytically active RPTPα containing a mutated tyrosine phosphorylation/Grb2 association site enhances neurite outgrowth. Our observations associate a functional effect with tyrosine phosphorylation of, and ensuing association of signaling proteins with, a receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase and raise the possibility that RPTPα association may modulate Grb2 function and vice versa.
Modeling the effects of residual stresses on defects in welds of steel frame connections

Abstract This work describes an eigenstrain approach to impose realistic residual stress fields on 3-D finite element models for the lower-flange welds of the type found in large, beam-column connections. The 3-D models incorporate the full geometry of a pull-plate specimen designed to reduce the cost of testing full connections while retaining essential features of the fracture prone, weld region. The 3-D analyses examine pull-plate configurations with a variety of geometric parameters for both through-width and semi-elliptical cracks in the weld root pass. The numerical results include tables of values for the non-dimensional “geometry” factors ( Y ) needed to compute stress intensity factors. The residual stress fields generated by the proposed eigenstrain functions closely match those computed using 2-D, thermo-mechanical simulation of the welding process. Stress intensity factors, obtained from corresponding J -integral computations, show clearly the significant fracture toughness demand from residual stresses prior to application of the structural loads. An alternative design for a grooved backup bar shows considerable promise to reduce fracture toughness demands by re-positioning the weld root pass below the beam flange and thus outside the primary load path. Analyses here indicate approximately a 65% reduction in K I -values for tension loading in the flange.
Model-based prediction of defective DNA mismatch repair using clinicopathological variables in sporadic colon cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Colon cancers with defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) have a favorable prognosis and may lack benefit from 5-fluorouracil–based adjuvant chemotherapy. The authors developed models to predict MMR deficiency in sporadic colon cancer patients using routine clinical and pathological data. METHODS: TNM stage II and III colon carcinomas (n = 982) from 6 5-fluorouracil–based adjuvant therapy trials were analyzed for microsatellite instability and/or MMR protein expression. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were quantified (n = 326). Logistic regression and a recursive partitioning and amalgamation analysis were used to identify predictive factors for MMR status. RESULTS: Defective MMR was detected in 147 (15%) cancers. Tumor site and histologic grade were the most important predictors of MMR status. Distal tumors had a low likelihood of defective MMR (3%; 13 of 468); proximal tumors had a greater likelihood (26%; 130 of 506). By using tumor site, grade, and sex, the logistic regression model showed excellent discrimination (c statistic = 0.81). Proximal site, female sex, and poor differentiation showed a positive predictive value (PPV) of 51% for defective MMR. In a patient subset (n = 326), a model including proximal site, TILs (>2/high-power field), and female sex showed even better discrimination (c statistic = 0.86), with a PPV of 81%. CONCLUSIONS: Defective MMR is rare in distal, sporadic colon cancers, which should generally not undergo MMR testing. Proximal site, poor differentiation, and female sex detect 51% of tumors with defective MMR; substituting TILs for grade increases the PPV to 81%. These data can increase the efficiency of MMR testing to assist in clinical decisions. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Entrepreneurial Organization as a Factor in Economic Development

I. Introduction, 364. — II. Concept of organization, 365. — III. Organization and economic growth, 368; organization and capital, 368; organization and labor resources, 371; organizational "inefficiency," 374. — IV. Conclusion, 378.
Incorporating species relocation in reserve design models: An example from Ft. Benning GA

Abstract Given the increasing expansion of human dominated landscapes it often becomes necessary to relocate endangered and at-risk species from existing habitat areas. Further, there is growing research stating that climatic and atmospheric changes attributed to climate change are already affecting species distributions and geographic ranges, requiring endangered species to be relocated. Existing reserve design models mostly focus on choosing the optimal land area given existing species distributions and have not incorporated species relocation as a criterion. This paper introduces linear integer programming formulations for the relocation of multiple populations of a species at risk to clustered conservation areas. We present a basic clustered relocation model and extend the model to minimize the distances of relocation. We apply the models to a dataset related to Gopher Tortoise (GT), a keystone species currently considered ‘at risk’, at Ft. Benning Georgia where expanding military training needs require the relocation of GTs. We present the results and discuss the trade-off between compactness and relocation considerations using an efficiency frontier.
The reaction stoichiometry between ozone and unsaturated fatty acids in an aqueous environment

Abstract The light absorption of ozone in an air stream allowed the monitoring of reactions of ozone with unsaturated fatty acids in solution. The kinetics for the reaction of ozone with linolenic acid was found to be of a pseudo-first-order after the first few minutes and did not vary with the concentration of ozone introduced into the solution. The reaction of ozone with linolenic acid in solution was found to be exceedingly rapid. When various combinations of polyunsaturated fatty acids were injected simultaneously, they reacted independently. The stoichiometry of ozone reacted to number of double bonds present in the fatty acid was one for mono- and diunsaturated; however, for triunsaturated fatty acid the stoichiometry was about 0.70. Malondialdehyde was produced upon the reaction of ozone with di- and triunsaturated fatty acids, as shown by both the thiobarbituric acid test and the characteristic UV absorption of malondialdehyde in solution. The true yield of malondialdehyde for the reaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids with ozone was found to be about 2%. In addition, other species, absorbing at 290–300 nm, were formed in solution during ozonolysis.
Physiological and intravascular ultrasound assessment of an ambiguous left main coronary artery stenosis

The angiographic assessment of an ambiguous left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis is often difficult and not reliable. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) have improved the diagnostic utility of an ambiguous LMCA stenosis. The combined role of FFR and IVUS in patients with an ambiguous LMCA stenosis is discussed.