cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of wetting: From inertial spreading to viscous imbibition

We report the influence of the nature of boundaries on the dynamics of wetting. We review some work recently published and highlight new experimental observations. Our paper begins with the spreading of drops on substrates and demonstrates how the exponents of the spreading laws are affected either by the surface chemistry or by the droplet shape. We then discuss the imbibition of completely and partially wetting fluids into channels and over microtextured surfaces. Starting with the one-dimensional imbibition of completely wetting liquids in tubes and surface textures, we show that (i) shape variations of channels change the power-law response of the imbibition and (ii) the geometrical parameters of a surface roughness change the spreading behavior. For partially wetting fluids, we observe directionally dependent spreading: polygonal wetted domains can be obtained. We conclude with a tabular summary of our findings, allowing us to draw connections between the different systems investigated, and shed light on open questions that remain to be addressed.
Reconsideration of the superposition model for environmentally assisted fatigue crack growth

Abstract A modification of the superposition model for environmentally assisted fatigue crack growth (corrosion fatigue) is proposed. The modification gives explicit recognition to the fact that mechanical (or “pure”) fatigue and corrosion fatigue can proceed by different micromechanisms and in parallel. The modified model provides a rational basis for considering the role of microstructure in corrosion fatigue. Preliminary fractographic evidence provides support for this modification.
Punishment of schedule-induced wheel running

Four naive female food-deprived rats were given free access to running in a wheel. During the baseline phase 100 food pellets were placed in the magazine at the beginning of each 100-min session. Subsequent experimental phases consisted of presenting the food pellets on a FT 60-sec schedule with 2-mA.5-sec electric shock contingent on postpellet running. Electric shock reduced the absolute number of wheel turns but resulted in faster running. With discontinuance of shock, running dramatically increased to preshock levels within 3 days.
Using manufacturing-based design in analogue ASICs

ASIC designers design for manufacturability by using various simulation modes, each based on a specific methodology for characterising model parameter values. To use circuit-level simulators effectively, an understanding of how the device model parameters are generated is necessary. After an overview of the CAE tools used in analogue ASIC design, the use of process, device and circuit simulators, in conjunction with empirical tests, by the ASIC manufacturer are discussed.
Serum copper alteration after ingestion of an oral contraceptive.

Changes in the concentration of copper in the serum after administration of an oral contraceptive were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistically significant (P = .001) increases were observed in all volunteers.
Comparison of subjective and objective weighting strategies in changing task situations

Consistency and matching indexes of 112 subjects for three forms of subjective weights and statistical weights were compared in a 2 (order of receiving a three or four cue task) × 2 (label of the omitted cue) × 2 (outcome feedback versus no outcome feedback) × 2 (trial block) × 4 (method of gathering information) design. Results indicate that subjective weights produce significantly lower multiple correlations with subjects' judgments than do statistical weights, but that the difference is relatively small in correlation units (after appropriate Fisher Z transformation, .03 –.05). Outcome feedback did, however, have a greater negative effect on consistency indexes based on statistical weights than it did on subjective weighting strategies. Subjective weights matched the optimal weights as well as the statistical weights though outcome feedback had a significant negative effect on the matching indexes based on statistical weights. Implications for policy capturing research and cognograph training are suggested.
Copper Valence Via Small Polaron Analysis in Sinter-Forged YBa2Cu3O7-y at 700°C

Via electrical property measurements (conductivity, thermopower) at 700°C on sinter-forged YBa Cu O, it was YBa2Cu3O7−x, it was determined that conduction occurs via small polaron conduction in the tetragonal phase. From the thermopower and oxygen content the distribution of copper valence states was determined.
3-Methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-one: a versatile synthon for protecting monosubstituted acetamidines

Abstract The utilization of 3-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-one as a versatile protected acetamidine is demonstrated through employment in a variety of synthetic sequences. The potassium salt ( 2a ) or the neutral form ( 2b ) is alternatively shown to be superior for various synthetic reactions (i.e., alkylation, Michael addition, Mitsunobu) to incorporate side chains for further synthesis. The 3-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazol-5-one moiety was found to be stable to acid or base under non-aqueous conditions. It was also found to be stable to many reagents commonly used for organic synthesis. Despite this stability, the free acetamidine may be released by mild reduction including Lindlar hydrogenation or dissolving metal reductions. Alternatively, the hydroxyl amidine may be formed via alkaline hydrolysis.
Negotiating power through language in classroom meetings

Abstract This article presents a critical discourse analysis of two problem-posing meetings in an urban, bilingual, elementary school classroom. Part of a larger ethnography exploring language and literacy practices across a range of activity settings, this study centers on ways in which power is manifested, shaped, contested and negotiated by students and their teacher in a setting that was designed to transform traditional classroom relations. In the first meeting, power struggles between students are probed (the teacher did not participate in the meeting); in the second meeting, contradictory tensions that shape the teacher's participation are explored as part of the group dynamics. Implications for theory as well as for critical practice are considered.
Soils and sediments associated with remarkable, deeply-penetrating roots of crucifixion thorn (Koeberlinia spinosaZucc.)

Abstract Root systems of crucifixion thorn ( Koeberlinia spinosa Zucc.) were excavated on all alluvial-fan toeslope in a desert area of southern New Mexico. High-carbonate toeslope deposits of late Pleistocene age overlie low-carbonate middle Pleistocene deposits of an ancestral Rio Grande. These two deposits and their soils provide markedly different geomorphic, pedogenic, chemical and physical environments for the development of tap roots and their branches. Roots descended through the fan toeslope sediments and penetrated the river deposits to a depth of at least 5·2 m, much deeper than is usual for root penetration in this area. Remarkably, 2nd and 3rd order branches originated at depths of 2·3 to 3·8 m and grew vertically upward, branched profusely in the top 1 m of soil, and extended to within 10 cm of the soil surface. It is believed that occasional deeply penetrating soil water moves down channels once occupied by roots and other openings in the soil, and that this is a source of water for growth of the deeply penetrating roots, as well as for the roots that grow upward.
Serials Control: Past, Present and Future Imperfect

Since the 1920s, libraries have been dealing with the various issues that have arisen from attempts to control serials. This article addresses the consistent themes surrounding serials management, including the importance of periodicals to libraries, maintenance of serial records, organization and staffing of serials departments, automation, and education. While libraries continue to try to manage serials, the virtual future may make serials control a moot point.
Relationship of structure to biological activity of some unsaturated derivatives of cyclopentaneglycine

Abstract 3-Cyclopentene-1-glycine was prepared from 4-bromocyclopentene via the acetamidocyanoacetate condensation procedure, and its biological properties were compared with those of 2-cyclopentene-1-glycine and the corresponding saturated analogue. These analogues possess different inhibitory activities for different strains of Escherichia coli . For E. coli 10586, 2-cyclopentene-1-glycine inhibits the utilization of both isoleucine and valine in contrast to the specific antagonism of isoleucine by the saturated analogue. 3-Cyclopentene-1-glycine not only is an antagonist of isoleucine but also appears to inhibit the biosynthesis of methionine in this organism. These biological activities can be correlated to some degree with the structure of the alicyclic moiety.
Costs and benefits of collaborative remembering

Collaborative inhibition, the poorer memory performance of collaborative groups as compared with nominal (noninteracting) groups was measured in the free recall of categorized lists. In Experiment 1, collaborative inhibition was present in four-person groups, but not in pairs of two-person groups, where each was compared with performance in four-person nominal groups. However, on a final individual free recall test, members of two- and four-person collaborative groups recalled a higher proportion of the list than members of nominal groups. In Experiment 2, recall in three-person collaborative groups was less than in three-person nominal groups but only on the first of three successive study-test trials. On the final individual free recall test, members of collaborative groups recalled more words than members of nominal groups. Despite inhibiting recall and reminiscence, collaboration benefits remembering when collaborators are subsequently tested individually. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A recruitment-mortality model in the precautionary management toolkit of African tropical inland, single-species fisheries

Abstract A recruitment-mortality model and a Beverton–Holt or Ricker stock-recruitment model are combined to derive stock performance metrics. A composite (age-aggregated) yield-per-recruit (CYPR) emerges from these derivations. Upon a balanced equilibrium (e.g., recruitment > yield), the CYPR maximizes at an asymptote (Asy) beyond which CYPR cannot drop whatever the age-at-harvest. F0.5Asy, the fishing mortality corresponding to 0.5Asy, may form the basis of a conservative feedback-policy rule. The approach aims to complement the management tools for inland single-species fisheries in tropical Africa, but can be applied for any single-species fishery. It is illustrated using data for the Zambian Bukabuka (Lates stappersii) fishery of Lake Tanganyika.
DRiPs solidify: progress in understanding endogenous MHC class I antigen processing

Defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) are a subset of rapidly degraded polypeptides that provide peptide ligands for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Here, recent progress in understanding DRiP biogenesis is reviewed. These findings place DRiPs at the center of the MHC class I antigen processing pathway, linking immunosurveillance of viruses and tumors to mechanisms of specialized translation and cellular compartmentalization. DRiPs enable the immune system to rapidly detect alterations in cellular gene expression with great sensitivity.
Representations and Misrepresentations: On Architectural Theory

A recent trend in architectural theory is the derivation of methodology from a poststructuralist critique of representation to illuminate the triangulation of architectural production, representation, and power. Using an exemplary text by Mark Wigley, the article questions whether this (or any) theoretical endeavor is exempt from the attractions to power that it strives to disclose. It considers a contradiction characterized by a theory's shift of attention away from architecture's multiple claims toward the production of theory itself, and it illuminates the consequences of theoretical endeavors that avoid contact with resistances put forth by nondiscursive architectural thought. Further, it posits an ethical dimension to theoretical work, arguing that theory has a responsibility to represent architecture if it intends to make substantive claims regarding the task and nature of the discipline.
High Capacity: Low Delay Packet Broadcast Multiaccess

Demand assigned packet radio schemes using satellites can achieve high bandwidth utilizations but they generally exhibit relatively poor delay performance at low traffic when compared with random access schemes. A modified demand assigned scheme is proposed which improves delay performance at low traffic by allowing random access transmissions by users who are waiting for channel assignments. The proposed scheme provides low average delays at low traffic (comparable to slotted ALOHA) and bandwidth utilizations comparable to that of demand assigned schemes. The scheme has potential application in situations where the traffic loading tends to vary widely.
Framework for a new dialogue between psychoanalysis and neurosciences: is the combined neuro-psychoanalytic approach the missing link?

Freud's legacy deriving from his work The project for a scientific psychology (1895) could give a new impetus to the dialogue between psychoanalysis and neurosciences. A rapproachment phase is warrented. Based on the work of psychoanalysts who are themselves neuroscientists (such as Mauro Mancia, Martha Koukkou and Harold Shevrin) or have a long term dialogue with neuroscientists (Arnold Modell), three points of epistemological congruence are described: 1. dualism is no longer a satisfactory solution 2. cautions for the centrality of interpretation (hermeneutics) 3. the self-criticism of neuroscientists
First passage time distribution for the 1D diffusion of particles with internal degrees of freedom

Proteins searching for their targets on DNA do so by non-specifically adsorbing and sliding along DNA. It became known recently that the proteins simultaneously undergo some internal conformational changes (partial folding and unfolding), such that in some of the sub-states their ability to recognize the target site is enhanced at the expense of diffusivity which is suppressed. We analyze the probability distribution of the first passage times of these proteins into the target taking into account the internal sub-states of proteins. We show that there are two distinct scaling regimes: one is diffusion controlled and the other is absorption controlled.
Beneficial effects of formate on a mutant of Arabidopsis

Abstract A mutant of Arabidopsis , A-154, responds favorably to exogenous feeding of formate as measured by an increase in dry weight and pigment content. In contrast, formate feeding has an adverse effect on the growth of the wild type plants. Some of the key enzymes in C-1 metabolism are low in the mutant.
A cyclic AMP--stimulated protein kinase in adipose tissue.

Abstract A protein kinase that is stimulated four- to six-fold by adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate has been partially purified from rat epididymal adipose tissue and isolated fat cells. The enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of histone, casein, and phosphorylase kinase. It is postulated that the effect of cyclic AMP on this enzyme is related to its effect on lipolysis and/or other processes in adipose tissue.
Accuracy in Reported Hospital Charge Data: Comparison of State and Federal Sources

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is pushing for increased clarity about healthcare charges because of the complexity of medical billing. Consequently, the release in May 2013 ...
Nonequilibrium Aerothermodynamics of Sharp Leading Edges

This paper presents a detailed computational study quantifying the eects of nonequilibrium on the surface properties of a hypersonic vehicle by comparing Navier-Stokes-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulation results for the ow about a wedge. Physical submodels contained in both computational methods are ensured to be as equivalent as possible. Translational nonequilibrium eects are isolated by considering a monatomic gas, argon. Thermal nonequilibrium eects are included by considering a diatomic gas, nitrogen. Several dierent ow regimes are considered, from the continuum into the transitional (freestream Knudsen numbers are 0.002, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.25), with Mach numbers of 10 and 25. Eects on surface properties (total drag and peak heat transfer rate) are quantied at each ow condition. Flow eld properties are also compared. Continuum breakdown parameter values are compared with other ow and surface properties. Previous work studied ows of argon and nitrogen about a cylinder. This paper extends the work for ows about a wedge, having an innitely sharp
Abstract 4179: Loss of Hsulf-1 promotes chemoresistance and tumorigenecity in ovarian cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Human Sulfatase1 enzyme (HSulf-1) is down-regulated in a majority of ovarian cancer cell lines and primary tumors, but the functional consequence of this downregulation remains unclear. Here, we show that down-regulation of HSulf-1 by RNA interference resulted in an elevated level of phosphorylated Erk and phosphorqylated Akt as well as decreased Bim level in OV202 ovarian cancer cells. Treatment with PD98059 (p-Erk inhibitor) but not LY90024 (PI3K inhibitor) resulted in increased Bim level in Hsulf-1 knockdown cells, suggesting that increased Erk pathway plays a more important role in modulating Bim level after loss of HSulf-1. Consistently, the results of real-time PCR confirmed that there was no significant change in the mRNA level of Bim after knockdown of HSulf-1 expression. When treated with CDDP, OV202 cells with knockdown of HSulf-1 displayed more resistance to drug-induced apoptosis, with IC50 value 3-fold higher than cells with non-targeting shRNA (NTC), while SKOV3 cells with overexpression of HSulf-1 were more sensitive to CDDP-induced apoptosis compared to the control cells. Moreover, HSulf-1 downregulated OV202 cells showed remarkable growth of colonies in soft agar compared to no colony growing with NTC cells. When injected subcutaneously, HSulf-1 ShRNA clones but not NTC cells formed xenogrfts in nude mice. Importantly, rescuing Bim expression in HSulf-1 shRNA cells not only endowed cells sensitivity to CDDP treatment, but also significantly decreased numbers of colony formation in soft agar and significantly retarded tumor growth in nude mice. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that down-regulation of HSulf-1 promotes chemoresistance and tumorigenicity in ovarian cancer cells through post-translational downregulation of Bim level. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4179. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4179
HLA sharing in multiplex sibships.

Summary For an arbitrary number of affected sibs with unaffected parents, the proportion that share both marker haplotypes identical by descent is derived for the generalized single locus model. This proportion is shown to depend on the underlying parameters of the disease transmission model, on the total sibship size and on the number of sibs who are affected. The variety of identity by descent patterns suggests that any attempt to infer the presence of other independent disease susceptibility loci solely on the basis of an observed inverse relationship between the degree of haplotype sharing and the number of affected sibs, is liable to result in spurious conclusions.
The ability of video training to reduce agricultural knowledge gaps between men and women in rural Uganda

This study explored the effectiveness of video training delivered by portable battery-operated projectors to narrow the gap in agricultural knowledge between men and women in rural Uganda. Through the pre-post quasi-experiments, this study found that both video and traditional lecture-demonstration training approaches could significantly improve knowledge scores for both men and women. The method that combined video and lecture demonstration was significantly more effective in narrowing the gender knowledge gap. Use of video alone improved women's knowledge scores as much as men but did not reduce the preexisting knowledge gap between them.
The role of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in the gastrointestinal tract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally prescribed to ameliorate symptoms associated with acute pain and chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Recent epidemiologic studies and clinical trials indicate that use of NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors are associated with a reduced risk of certain malignancies, especially gastrointestinal cancer. The cyclooxygenase enzymes are the best known targets of NSAIDs; this diverse class of compounds blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids derived from COX-1 and COX-2 are involved in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent efforts to identify the molecular mechanisms by which COX-2-derived prostanoids exert their proneoplastic effects have provided a rationale for the possible use of NSAIDs alone or in a combination with conventional or experimental anticancer agents for the treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal cancers.
In vitro comparison of ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefpirome, gentamicin, imipenem, enoxacin, and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid against 108 strains ofPseudomonas maltophilia

Pseudomonas maltophilia is an uncommon cause of hospital-acquired infection and is resistant to most of the antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of gram-negative infections. Susceptibility of 108 isolates ofP. maltophilia to ceftazidime, aztreonam, defpirome, gentamicin, imipenem, enoxacin, and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid was determined by an agar dilution method. The isolates were in general resistant to the antibiotics. Imipenem and cefpirome were not active at clinically achievable levels. Of the isolates, 20% were susceptible to ≤16 μg/ml ceftazidime, 53% were susceptible to ≤4 μg/ml enoxacin, 10% were susceptible to ≤4 μg/ml gentamicin, and 25% were susceptible to ≤64 μg/ml ticarcillin plus 2 μg/ml clavulanic acid.
Effect of ionic strength on the Mg content of calcite: Toward a physical basis for minor element uptake during step growth

Abstract This experimental study determined the effect of ionic strength (IS) on the uptake of Mg into calcites that grew by the classical step propagation process. Using flow-through AFM and defined solution chemistry, calcite was grown in NaCl and KCl solutions of known supersaturation state while measuring the corresponding growth kinetics. Analysis of the resulting calcite compositions by SIMS shows that Mg content is inversely correlated with IS for both electrolytes. A sixfold increase in IS decreases the Mg-content by up to 40%. Overgrowths that developed in NaCl solutions contain more Mg than samples that grew in KCl solutions. The corresponding kinetic measurements reveal that step propagation rates are independent of IS within experimental error but are electrolyte-specific. In NaCl solutions, steps with the obtuse geometry move significantly faster than acute steps, but in KCl solutions, the acute and obtuse steps move at similar rates. Analysis of the data suggests that the decrease in Mg content with increasing IS arises from the interplay of ion–kink interactions between the background cations (Na+ or K+), the primary solute cation (Ca2+), and the impurity (Mg2+). A simple physical model proposes that increasing levels of electrolytes block the attachment of the strongly hydrated Mg2+ ion relative to Ca2+ but the effects are step-specific for each type of electrolyte. Whereas K+ interacts weakly with kink sites along both step directions, Na+ interacts preferentially with acute steps and, consequently, slows their rate of step propagation relative to obtuse steps. Because Na+ increases the fraction of the surface that develops from acute steps and because Mg is preferentially incorporated into the kink sites of acute steps, calcite overgrowths developed in NaCl solutions contain more Mg than those in grown in KCl. Thus, the salt-specific Mg contents measured in this study can be explained by shifts in the distribution of step types and the ability of each step type to incorporate Mg. The findings reconcile apparent discrepancies regarding the effect of IS on calcite kinetics and Mg incorporation observed in laboratory-based studies.
Self-catalysis: a contamination-free, substrate-free growth mechanism for single-crystal nanowire and nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition.

A unified mechanism for the growth of a wide variety of long, uniform, single-crystal nanowires and whiskers, including III–V and II–VI binary, ternary, and quaternary nanowires and whiskers, without the use of any substrate and catalyst has been presented. While elucidating the mechanism, attempts have been made to provide a kinetic and thermodynamic rationale for the growth. Various features of the growth mechanism, including the formation of liquid droplets and seeds, nucleation, and creation of products, have been discussed. Extensive studies of illustrative examples provide the validity of the proposed mechanism. The influence of various parameters such as growth temperature and chamber pressure on the growth mechanism has been studied. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed mechanism, and its superiority to the well-known vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, have been elucidated. Means to improve the mechanism to obtain self-aligned nanowires and whiskers have been suggested. Based on these, it h...
Cross-equatorial structures of equatorially trapped nonlinear Rossby waves

Abstract Analysis of the Sea Surface Height (SSH) from satellite altimeters has shown that equatorially trapped Rossby waves exhibit asymmetric cross-equatorial structures; their northern extrema are much larger in magnitude than their southern counterparts. Such asymmetry is inconsistent with the classical theory for the first baroclinic, first meridional equatorially trapped Rossby mode, which predicts that SSH and zonal velocity are symmetric in latitude and the meridional velocity is latitudinally antisymmetric ( Matsuno, 1966 ). Chelton et al. (2003) attributed the observed asymmetry to the mean-shear-induced modifications of first meridional mode Rossby waves. The present paper examines nonlinear rectification of cross-equatorial wave structures in the presence of different zonal mean currents. Nonlinear traveling Rossby waves embedded in shears are calculated numerically in a 1.5-layer model. Nonlinearity is shown to increase the cross-equatorial asymmetry substantially making the northern extrema even more pronounced. However, nonlinearity only slightly increases the magnitude of the westward phase speed.
Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Adhesion of Carbon Fibers to Thermoplastic Polymers

Abstract A study has been made of the effect of RF plasmas on the adhesion of carbon fibers to polycarbonate and polysulfone. Treatment in oxygen plasma significantly increased the adhesion to both polymers. The effect is lost if the treated fiber is stored in air for a week. Surface analysis using XPS indicated an increase in atom percent oxygen but the spectra were unchanged for the stored fibers even though there had been a significant loss in adhesion. It is suggested that oxygen surface functionality is responsible for the improved adhesion but that this surface activation is lost on storage. Due to a sampling depth of 5-10 nm, XPS would not be expected to detect this small change in surface functionality.
Feasibility of using microbeads with holographic barcodes to track DNA specimens in the clinical molecular laboratory

We demonstrate the feasibility of using glass microbeads with a holographic barcode identifier to track DNA specimens in the molecular pathology laboratory. These beads can be added to peripheral blood specimens and are carried through automated DNA extraction protocols that use magnetic glass particles. We found that an adequate number of microbeads are consistently carried over during genomic DNA extraction to allow specimen identification, that the beads do not interfere with the performance of several different molecular assays, and that the beads and genomic DNA remain stable when stored together under regular storage conditions in the molecular pathology laboratory. The beads function as an internal, easily readable specimen barcode. This approach may be useful for identifying DNA specimens and reducing errors associated with molecular laboratory testing.
Total Quality Management: Increasing Productivity and Decreasing Costs.

Total Quality Management teaches how to study and improve an institution's processes, thereby improving both quality and productivity.
PHOTOPRODUCTS IN DNA IRRADIATED IN VIVO

— Ultraviolet irradiation of DNA in vitro and in vivo results in the formation of many different types of photoproducts. The general procedure for correlating such photoproducts with photo-biological effects is outlined and is applied for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and for spore photoproducts. RESUMEN La irradiacion de DNA in vitro e in vivo conduce a la formacion de distintos tipos de fotoproductos. Es delineado el procedimlento general para relacionar esos fotoproductos con efectos biologicos y es aplicado a dimeros de ciclobutano, pirimidina y para fotoproductos de esporas.
The effect of time and type of water pretreatment on the bond strength of epoxy–aluminum joints

The bond strength of unetched aluminum–epoxy joints induced by tap and distilled water pretreatment at 10°C increased to a maximum, then decreased as a function of immersion time. In distilled water, the maximum bond strength occurs after an immersion time of about 1 hr, after which the bond strength decreases. In the case of tap water pretreatment, the maximum bond strength occurred at about 12 hr of immersion time. The bond strengths at the maxima found for the tap water-pretreated samples were greater than those found at the maxima for the joints pretreated in distilled water. Growth of the hydrated oxide bayerite is proposed as the controlling factor; the bayerite grows more rapidly and less perfectly in distilled water than in tap water. Thick layers of bayerite are structurally weak, while thin layers seem to promote adhesion. A slight surface roughness effect was also observed.
The Association between Family Meals, TV Viewing during Meals, and Fruit, Vegetables, Soda, and Chips Intake among Latino Children

Abstract Objective Examine the relationship of family meals to children's consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as soda and chips. Additionally, to assess the relationship between viewing TV during family meals and children's diet. Design Cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire completed by parents. Setting Thirteen schools in San Diego, California. Participants Seven hundred ninety-four children and their parents. Analysis Ordinal regression assessed associations between children's intake of fruit, vegetables, soda, and chips with family meal frequency and TV viewing during family meals. Results Children who consumed breakfast, lunch, or dinner with their family at least 4 days per week ate fruit and vegetables 5 or more times a week 84%, 85%, and 80%, respectively. Of those children who ate breakfast, lunch, or dinner with their family at least 4 days per week, 40%, 44%, and 43% consumed soda and chips 5 or more times a week, respectively. Children who ate breakfast with their families at least 4 times a week were more likely to consume fruit and vegetables, and children whose TV was never or rarely on during family meals were less likely to consume soda and chips (P = .04 and P Conclusions Interventions geared at increasing the frequency of eating breakfast as a family and decreasing the amount of TV watched during family meals are needed, especially among acculturating Latino families.
Biochemical Measurements in the Study of Emotion

The study of emotions is complicated by a number of factors, including the biological bases of emotional experience and expression. Although biochemical changes have long been thought to be part of the evocation of emotions, research has not consistently included this level of measurement, and theories of emotion have not systematically specified the role of these biochemical bases. In this paper, we briefly review relevant biochemical principles and measures that can be integrated into research and theory on emotions. Applications of these principles in extant studies of emotion are also discussed.
Detecting bacteria and determining their susceptibility to antibiotics by stochastic confinement in nanoliter droplets using plug-based microfluidics

This article describes plug-based microfluidic technology that enables rapid detection and drug susceptibility screening of bacteria in samples, including complex biological matrices, without pre-incubation. Unlike conventional bacterial culture and detection methods, which rely on incubation of a sample to increase the concentration of bacteria to detectable levels, this method confines individual bacteria into droplets nanoliters in volume. When single cells are confined into plugs of small volume such that the loading is less than one bacterium per plug, the detection time is proportional to plug volume. Confinement increases cell density and allows released molecules to accumulate around the cell, eliminating the pre-incubation step and reducing the time required to detect the bacteria. We refer to this approach as ‘stochastic confinement’. Using the microfluidic hybrid method, this technology was used to determine the antibiogram – or chart of antibiotic sensitivity – of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to many antibiotics in a single experiment and to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug cefoxitin (CFX) against this strain. In addition, this technology was used to distinguish between sensitive and resistant strains of S. aureus in samples of human blood plasma. High-throughput microfluidic techniques combined with single-cell measurements also enable multiple tests to be performed simultaneously on a single sample containing bacteria. This technology may provide a method of rapid and effective patient-specific treatment of bacterial infections and could be extended to a variety of applications that require multiple functional tests of bacterial samples on reduced timescales.
Variable Temperature Total AC Loss and Stability Characterization Facility

The design of a versatile ac loss and stability characterization facility for high temperature superconducting materials suitable for variable temperature measurements is described. A non-metallic vessel inside a transverse field double-helix magnet acts as the measurement chamber. A cryocooler cools the samples to a target measurement temperature between 35 and 80 K. The facility is suitable for measurements on samples as long as 15 cm with ac transport current and ac background magnetic field, both at variable frequency. The facility allows for sample rotation to vary its orientation with respect to the magnetic field. Initial temperature measurements showed that the sample could be maintained at uniform temperature to plusmn0.5 K. AC loss measurements performed on a precursor setup, identical in concept, confirmed the suitability of the double-helix magnet design and cryocooler based cooling arrangement.
Optical assessment of head-mounted displays in visual space

The optics of head-mounted displays (HMDs) is designed from the pupil of the eye to the miniature display, and the optics is thus commonly solely assessed in the plane of the miniature display. Such assessment does not provide information that usefully interfaces with task-based performance metrics. We present a comprehensive framework for the assessment of the optics of HMDs in visual space, which applies to nonrotationally symmetric systems as well. Four key measures of visual performance are presented, and macro files were implemented to validate the framework. We illustrate the methods using an Erfle eyepiece.
Improved estimation of the shape of towed sonar arrays

Low frequency passive sonar systems often use towed line arrays. In order to properly beamform the elements in the array, an accurate estimate of the array shape is required. We consider a submarine towed instrumented with 12 heading sensors used to estimate its shape. Submarines may make drastic maneuvers, producing significant bends in the array. These maneuvers also produce vibrations which introduce severe noise into the heading sensors. A Kalman filter has been developed to produce an accurate estimate of the array shape in the presence of severe heading noise. The Kalman filter uses an adaptively weighted average of the heading sensor data with an improved dynamic model to produce the estimate of shape. During periods of nominally straight tow, the filter relies strongly on the heading sensor data. The filter adaptively estimates the variance of the heading sensors, so that it automatically recognizes vibration-inducing maneuvers, and relies more heavily on the dynamic model during those times. Performance of the filter is controlled by adjusting the ratio of the sensor to process noise. Since the filter works on all sensors simultaneously to produce a single shape estimate, it is capable of recognizing a few bad sensors that are inconsistent with the majority. The Kalman filter algorithm has been successfully applied to eliminate contaminations from noisy sensors.
Student Learning in a Multidisciplinary Sustainable Engineering Course

An existing multidisciplinary course on sustainable engineering in developing societies was expanded to include sustainability issues and challenges faced in the developed world. The new course consisted of independent modules on general background, sustainability concepts and tools, sustainable water and waste systems, sustainable energy systems, sustainable agricultural and food systems, and sustainable building systems. The course included a semester-long project experience conducted in interdisciplinary teams. Projects were sourced from local businesses and institutions or from organizations involved in international development. Course evaluation included an end-of-semester self-assessment by students and an analysis of project reports. Thirteen out of 18 students surveyed (72%) agreed that their ability to consider techno-economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability was improved as a result of the course. An improved student understanding of aspects of sustainability and its measure...
Dynamic gene and protein expression patterns of the autism-associated met receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing mouse forebrain.

The establishment of appropriate neural circuitry depends upon the coordination of multiple developmental events across space and time. These events include proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival - all of which can be mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling through the Met receptor tyrosine kinase. We previously found a functional promoter variant of the MET gene to be associated with autism spectrum disorder, suggesting that forebrain circuits governing social and emotional function may be especially vulnerable to developmental disruptions in HGF/Met signaling. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal distribution of Met expression in the forebrain during the development of such circuits. To advance our understanding of the neurodevelopmental influences of Met activation, we employed complementary Western blotting, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to comprehensively map Met transcript and protein expression throughout perinatal and postnatal development of the mouse forebrain. Our studies reveal complex and dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of expression during this period. Spatially, Met transcript is localized primarily to specific populations of projection neurons within the neocortex and in structures of the limbic system, including the amygdala, hippocampus and septum. Met protein appears to be principally located in axon tracts. Temporally, peak expression of transcript and protein occurs during the second postnatal week. This period is characterized by extensive neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, supporting a role for the receptor in these processes. Collectively, these data suggest that Met signaling may be necessary for the appropriate wiring of forebrain circuits with particular relevance to social and emotional dimensions of behavior.
Cartilage Resurfacing Using Osteochondral Allograft

Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a single-stage technique that transfers viable, mature hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone into size-matched chondral or osteochondral defects. Over the last decade, improvements in allograft storage, harvest, and surgical technique have resulted in encouraging clinical results. Recent clinical success in high-demand patient populations has generated a significant amount of interest in OCA transplantation as a primary treatment for a wide spectrum of large cartilage lesions, including posttraumatic defects, osteochondritis dissecans, and focal osteonecrosis. OCA transplantation is also indicated as a salvage procedure following failure of other cartilage repair techniques. The use of OCA, however, is limited by donor availability and size matching, disease transmission and screening, chondrocyte viability, and a demanding surgical technique. This review discusses the basic science, clinical evaluation, and indications for OCA transplantation, with a focus on surgical technique, rehabilitation, and clinical outcomes in the knee.
Making the Transition to Four-Year Institutions: Academic Preparation and Transfer

In this study, we examine the role of academic preparation in the transition from community colleges to four-year institutions. We address two specific questions: To what extent do academically unprepared students transfer to four-year institutions? And, can positive experiences in community colleges diminish the role of inadequate academic preparation? The results, which are based on analyses of Florida’s unit record data of first-time community college students, indicate that a substantial proportion of students who enter community colleges academically unprepared do indeed transfer to four-year institutions. Moreover, successful completion of intermediate outcomes — such as passing college-level math and writing courses, meeting specific credit thresholds, and earning an associate degree — enhances students’ probability of transfer. However, the ability of community colleges to mitigate the negative effects of inadequate academic preparation is limited: successful completion of even the most demanding intermediate outcomes does not alleviate the negative consequences of entering higher education unprepared. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Twenty-five Years of the Group-Analytic Society Network

Elizabeth Foulkes (this issue, pp. 269-76) has written about the history of the journal Group Analysis. Inextricably, that history is linked to that of the Group-Analytic Society (London), proprietors of the journal and responsible for its finance and editorial policy. Mrs Foulkes has also described the early days of the Society (Foulkes, 1977) and there are accounts too in Pines (1983) and Roberts and Pines (1991). This paper traces some of the Society's activities from the late 1960s. This period corresponds to that of my own involvement with the Society.
A Rare Presentation of a Rare Disease: Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

A 70-year-old female presented with a 4-week history of dry cough and wheezing. Chest radiograph showed a 10.5 cm mass-like density in the anterior mediastinum which had not been previously visualized. Computed tomography scan (CT) of the chest showed a right hilar mass encasing and narrowing right upper lobe bronchus and right mainstem bronchus and secondary atelectatic changes. Biopsy was consistent with a diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis Grade 3. She responded well clinically and radiologically to therapy. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare EBV-associated disorder which is considered a lymphoproliferative disease. The most common radiographic feature is multiple lung nodules. An isolated hilar mass is an exceptionally rare presentation of this rare disease.
The Soul of the Service Economy: Wal-Mart and the Making of Christian Free Enterprise, 1929–1994

"The Soul of the Service Economy" explains the rise of Christian corporate globalism in the twentieth century, that always unfinished task of sanctifying capitalism and consumption under Christianity. As the biography of the Sunbelt service sector's "free enterprise" ideology, "The Soul of the Service Economy" is not an examination of Wal-Mart itself but an analysis of Wal-Mart's world—the interconnected commercial, religious, and educational institutions which both produced the world's largest company and then depended upon its patronage. This culture united Southwestern entrepreneurs, service providers, middle managers, students, missionaries, and even waged employees in an ethos of Christian free enterprise. On the basis of archival research in local and ephemeral sources, "The Soul of the Service Economy" uses the stories of people linked through Wal-Mart and its philanthropies to understand the shift to post-Fordist regimes in work, gender relations, education, and geography.