cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of iron between the binding sites of transferrin in serum: methods and results in normal human subjects

When it is incompletely saturated with iron, transferrin may exist in four molecular forms: apotransferrin, monoferric (A) transferrin (with iron occupying only the A site of the protein), monoferric (B) transferrin, and diferric transferrin. By combining electrophoresis in urea-polyacrylamide gels with crossed immunoelectrophoresis using specific antihuman transferin antiserum, it is possible to display and estimate the concentration of each of these four forms in normal human serum. The distribution of iron between the binding sites of transferrin is neither random nor determined by the relative binding strengths of transferrin's two sites. Rather, the more weakly binding and acid-labile B site of the protein is predominantly occupied.
Extrusion processing characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) var. Cherry Vanilla

Abstract Extrusion processing characteristics of Cherry Vanilla quinoa flour (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) were investigated using a three factor response surface design to assess the impact of feed moisture, temperature, and screw speed on the physicochemical properties of quinoa extrudates. Specific mechanical energy (SME) required to extrude this quinoa variety was higher (250–500 kJ/kg) than previously reported for quinoa. The following characteristics of the extrudates were observed: expansion ratio (1.17–1.55 g/cm3), unit density (0.45–1.02 g/cm3), water absorption index (WAI) (2.33–3.05 g/g), and water solubility index (WSI) (14.5–15.87%). This quinoa flour had relatively low direct expansion compared to cereal grains such as corn or wheat, suggesting that it is not well suited for the making of direct expanded products. The study further suggests that there is a need to understand the processing characteristics of new quinoa varieties for cultivation. Understanding extrusion and other quality traits in advance will help to select the appropriate varieties that would allow food processors to meet consumer needs.
Fasting inhibits insulin-mediated glycolysis and anaplerosis in human skeletal muscle.

Euglycemic (approximately 5.5 mM) hyperinsulinemic (60 mU.m-2.min-1) clamps were performed for 2 h after a 10-h fast and after a prolonged (72-h) fast. Biopsies were obtained from the quadriceps femoris muscle before and after each clamp. The rate of whole body glucose disposal was approximately 50% lower during the clamp after the 72-h fast (P less than or equal to 0.001). The increase in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation (which is proportional to glycolysis) during the clamp after the 10-h fast (to 13.8 +/- 1.5 mumol.kg fat free mass-1.min-1) was completely abolished during the clamp after the 72-h fast (1.7 +/- 0.6; P less than or equal to 0.001). During the clamp after the 10-h fast, postphosphofructokinase (PFK) intermediates and malate in muscle increased, whereas glutamate decreased (P less than or equal to 0.05-0.001 vs. basal) and citrate did not change. During the clamp after the 72-h fast, there were no significant changes in post-PFK intermediates or glutamate (P greater than 0.05 vs. basal), but there was a decrease in citrate (P less than or equal to 0.01 vs. basal). Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia increased glycogen synthase fractional activity in muscle under both conditions but to a greater extent after the 72-h fast (P less than or equal to 0.01). It is concluded that insulin (after 10-h fast) increases glycolytic flux and the content of malate in muscle, which is probably due to increased anaplerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Meaner on Mobile: Incivility and impoliteness in communicating online

This study explores the nature of how mobile social media may potentially be sharpening the tenor of communicating online. Specifically, randomized representative Twitter data was collected for several controversial issues and then examined to determine the extent to which mobile or web-based content tends more toward greater incivility and impoliteness. Additional analyses further model how certain dialogic features, such as explicitly mentioning other users and retweeting others' posts positively relate to hostility in the discourse. Building on the basis of technological affordances and user negotiation in digitally mediated environments, this study contributes to a better understanding of how individuals express themselves on mobile devices as these rapidly are becoming normalized modes for communicating with one another online.
Postscript: The Profession

The first essay in this part was my Chair’s address to the 1988 CCCC Convention; the second was a keynote address to the Fourth National Basic Writing Conference (in The New Republic, James Traub labeled this meeting “the p.c. assault” on the teaching of remedial English); the essay “What Is Composition” was written for a millennial conference whose primary sponsor was the WPA (the council of Writing Program Administrators); and the final two short pieces — “Composition: 1900–2000” and “Literacy and Departments of Language and Literature” — were published first in PMLA and were prompted by my presence on the Executive Council of the MLA. I’ve had the opportunity to work with most of the major national organizations in the profession (also including the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and the Associated Departments of English (ADE) and with that has come the temptation (and the occasions) to make the Big Statement on behalf of my colleagues and the field. Most of these pieces are Utopian. On such occasions, a speaker describes a world elsewhere, a world of desire — or at least that was my strategy. The three lectures were revised as essays and these, too, were meant to provoke controversy and to imagine a future. It is clear that all three had some effect, since they are often cited or used as a point of reference in thinking about key issues or about the history of the field. And the final piece in this section is an interview first published in Issues in Writing where the questions pushed in the direction of professional issues.
Looking Back and Looking Further Forward

I began this book by noting that pauses and speech rate are ubiquitous features of speech, that they are characteristics of every utterance of every speaker and of every language. From the perspective of linguistics in general and sociolinguistics more specifically, it can be tempting to take these features for granted – to view them as either nonlinguistic (i.e. not of interest) or as simple and unidimensional. I hope the discussions and many studies of this book have illustrated that neither of these views are accurate. Silent pauses and rates of speech are complex phenomena with subtle patterns that shed light on social differentiation across and within speech communities and on the cognitive processes implicated in speech production.
Therapeutic Patterns for Youths with ADHD

The temporal patterns of office visits (primary care physicians or psychiatry and neurology specialty clinics) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and stimulant treatment for 5 to 14-year-old youths were studied at the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, and the APA, Washington, DC.
Laboratory simulation of magnetospheric chorus wave generation

Whistler mode chorus emissions with a characteristic frequency chirp are important magnetospheric waves, responsible for the acceleration of outer radiation belt electrons to relativistic energies and also for the scattering loss of these electrons into the atmosphere. A laboratory experiment (Van Compernolle et al 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 245002, An et al 2016 Geophys. Res. Lett.) in the large plasma device at UCLA was designed to closely mimic the scaled plasma parameters observed in the inner magnetosphere, and shed light on the excitation of discrete frequency whistler waves. It was observed that a rich variety of whistler wave emissions is excited by a gyrating electron beam. The properties of the whistler emissions depend strongly on plasma density, beam density and magnetic field profiles.
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in the Genetically Predisposed Patient: Role of Urinary Markers in Predicting Recurrence

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an uncommon disease that is diagnosed clinically by the selective use of urine cytology, urine biomarkers, and imaging of the upper tract. We present a case of a patient with Lynch syndrome and high-grade UTUC that was diagnosed by an abnormal Cxbladder assay, prompting further endoscopic examination. Case Presentation: A 59-year-old Caucasian female with a history of endometrial cancer and bladder cancer with Lynch syndrome presented for evaluation of recurrent urothelial carcinoma. Her previous bladder tumors have been T1 high grade and Ta high grade and have been treated with resection and multiple cycles of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy. She had also undergone a robotic left distal ureterectomy and psoas hitch for a high-grade distal ureteral tumor. Surveillance cystoscopy 7 months after revealed a biopsy-confirmed bladder tumor, which was resected, and she was started on maintenance BCG therapy. At presentation, follow-up urine cytology and UroVysion studies were negative. Cxbladder test was also initially negative. However, during close clinical monitoring, the Cxbladder test became positive. Cystoscopy was once more performed, which was unremarkable. Bilateral ureteroscopy was performed, revealing high-grade upper tract renal papillary carcinoma (UTUC) in the left renal pelvis. The patient declined a nephroureterectomy. She was treated with two sessions of holmium laser ablation of the left renal pelvis tumor and underwent 6 weekly courses of BCG + interferon instilled into her left renal pelvis using a 5F open-ended catheter. Repeat urine cytology, UroVysion, and Cxbladder tests were negative after completion of upper tract BCG therapy. Conclusion: Cxbladder test may be useful and an adjunct to urine cytology and the UroVysion FISH assay to evaluate patients at high risk for recurrent UTUC.
The authentic leadership qualities of business coaches and its impact on coaching performance

This study determines the extent to which business coaches perceive they possess the qualities of authentic leadership and considers how this affects coaching performance. Data were collected from an online survey administered to 96 business coaches who work with entrepreneurs and business owners to improve personal and business effectiveness. Multiple regression research methodology was used to test the strength of authentic leadership in predicting coaching. Descriptive statistics were used to control for demographic factors and dependent variables. Findings suggest that effective coaching involves the application of authentic leadership qualities that enhance the work performance, life experience, selfdirected learning, and personal growth of clients. This research contributes to the existing literature on authentic leadership, provides new research on the relationship between authentic leadership and business coaching, and demonstrates how a business coach's authentic leadership impacts the client's personal and business goals.
Detection for Power line Inspection

Power line inspection is very important for electric company to keep good maintenance of power line infrastructure and ensure reliable electric power distribution. Research efforts focus on automating the inspection process by looking for strategies to satisfy all kinds of requirements. Following this direction, this paper proposes a learning approach for all kinds of detecting problems, where aggregate channel features are used to train the boost classifier. Adopting the sliding window paradigm, the electric tower, insulator and nest can be located very fast. The main advantage of this approach is its efficiency and accuracy for processing huge quantity of image data. Obtaining highly encouraging results shows that it is really a promising technique.
Timing Agent Interactions for Efficient Agent-Based Simulation of Socio-Technical Systems

In recent decades, agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) has been increasingly used as a valuable approach for design and analysis of dynamic and emergent phenomena of large-scale, complex multi-agent systems, including socio-technical systems. The dynamic behavior of such systems includes both the individual behavior of heterogeneous agents within the system and the emergent behavior arising from interactions between agents within their work environment; both must be accurately modeled and efficiently executed in simulations. An important issue in ABMS of socio-technical systems is ensuring that agents are updated together at any time where they must interact or exchange data, even when the agents’ internal models use fundamentally different methods of advancing their internal time and widely varying update rates. This requires accurate predictions of interaction times between agents within the environment. Predicting the time of interactions, however, is not a trivial problem. Thus, timing mechanisms that advance simulation time and select the proper agent to be executed are crucial to correct simulation results. This chapter describes a timing and prediction mechanism for accurate modeling of interactions among agents which also increases the computational efficiency of agent-based simulations. An experiment comparing different timing methods highlighted the gains in computational efficiency achieved with the new timing mechanisms and also emphasized the importance of identifying correct interaction times. An intelligent timing agent framework for predicting the timing of interactions between heterogeneous agents using a neural network and a method for assessing the accuracy of interaction prediction methods based on signal detection theory are described. An application of agent-based modeling and simulation to air transportation systems serves as a test case and the simulation results of different interaction prediction models are presented. The insights of using the framework and method to the design and analysis of complex socio-technical systems are discussed.
An Observational Coding Scheme for Detecting Children's Usability Problems in Augmented Reality

Handheld augmented reality (AR) is a unique medium that can be helpful for young children's entertainment and education, but to achieve the benefits of this technology, experiences need to be appropriately designed for young children's developing skills. In the current research, we are interested in identifying and quantifying the usability problems that are encountered by children using handheld AR applications. We have developed a qualitative coding scheme for detecting AR usability problems from video observations of user interactions. We then applied the coding scheme to extract usability problems encountered by children aged 5-10 years old as they played with a handheld AR game. Through triangulation with performance data, we have detected usability problems related to AR and non-AR components of the experience. Our analysis found positive and negative correlations between usability problems and child age, and found that children experienced a variety of problems such as grip and posture strains, inabilities to recover from various types of tracking loss, difficulties orienting their body around the gameboard, etc. This work is the first in a series of studies applying the qualitative coding for understanding young children's ability to use handheld AR applications.
The Emergency Medicine-Focused Review of Cholangitis.

BACKGROUND Cholangitis is a life-threatening infection of the biliary tract. Historically, the mortality secondary to cholangitis approached 100%. However, with early recognition, antibiotics, resuscitation, and surgical or endoscopic intervention, patient outcomes have significantly improved, although there is still progress to be made. OBJECTIVE OF REVIEW The objective of this review is to provide an emergency medicine-centered approach to the risk factors, presentations, and various diagnostic and treatment modalities in cholangitis. DISCUSSION Early recognition and treatment of cholangitis in the emergency department is instrumental in ensuring a favorable outcome for patients. Recognition of acute cholangitis can be challenging, as many patients do not present with the classic symptoms of Charcot's triad. This article reviews the risk factors in cholangitis, as well as the typical presentations and necessary diagnostic studies. Furthermore, once diagnosis is made, distinguishing those requiring emergent biliary decompression from those who may tolerate a delayed procedure can also be difficult. Scoring systems that attempt to identify patients who may tolerate a delayed approach have yet to be validated. This review discusses the appropriate antibiotic therapy based on most common pathogens, as well as the options for achieving biliary decompression. CONCLUSIONS Cholangitis is a life-threatening infection that carries a high likelihood of poor outcomes if not treated early and aggressively in the emergency department. Appropriate recognition, early broad-spectrum antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation are paramount, and in patients with severe disease, early biliary decompression will significantly reduce mortality.
Response: A Continuing Conversation

The Editors of Jurisprudence have been extraordinarily generous not only in devoting their efforts and their pages to a Symposium on The Force of Law,1 but also in allowing me the opportunity to re...
Cause-Related Marketing and Millennials: Impact of Product Type and Donation Style: An Abstract

The goal of the current study was to explore the impact of CRM on Millennials’ overall perceptions of companies and likelihood of purchasing from a company and if this is impacted by the type of product and the donation style used in the campaign. The average number of CRM campaigns accurately identified was low (H1), with 76.2% of the sample identifying half or fewer of the six campaigns correctly and no participants correctly identifying all six. A regression examining the impact of hours spent per week on social media on number of correctly identified CRM campaigns revealed a significant relationship (B = 0.190, F = 4.494, p = 0.030), indicating that for every additional five hours per week spent on social media, an individual can be expected to correctly identify one additional CRM campaign. The most-recognized campaign was TOMS, which has the purest “one-for-one” style of CRM of all the campaigns examined.
Automation of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process

Abstract Traditionally, the pharmaceutical product is manufactured through batch processing with very less or no automation involve. Each equipment is operated locally using its own operating user interface. However, this approach is resource intensive that involves more human power to operate the plant. The collection of the data from each unit operation is often a challenging task. Therefore, the conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing process needs to be modernized. Currently, the pharmaceutical companies are going under paradigm shift from batch to automated continuous manufacturing. The automation of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process is needed to operate the plant through a centralized control platform, to collect the process operational data in real time, and subsequently apply the data to control the plant in order to achieve desired product quality. In this work, the continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing pilot plant has been automated. The feeder, comill, blender, and tablet press unit operations of the pilot plant has been integrated with a centralized control platform so that the whole plant can be operated automatically. Fieldbus, serial ports, and OLE process control (OPC) have been used to integrate these unit operations with the automation system. All the data generated in these unit operations are collected and stored systematically in a data historian.
Systems Thinking and Leadership How Nephrologists Can Transform Dialysis Safety to Prevent Infections

Infections are the second leading cause of death for patients with ESKD. Despite multiple efforts, nephrologists have been unable to prevent infections in dialysis facilities. The American Society of Nephrology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have partnered to create Nephrologists Transforming Dialysis Safety to promote nephrologist leadership and engagement in efforts to “Target Zero” preventable dialysis infections. Because traditional approaches to infection control and prevention in dialysis facilities have had limited success, Nephrologists Transforming Dialysis Safety is reconceptualizing the problem in the context of the complexity of health care systems and organizational behavior. By identifying different parts of a problem and attempting to understand how these parts interact and produce a result, systems thinking has effectively tackled difficult problems in dynamic settings. The dialysis facility is composed of different physical and human elements that are interconnected and affect not only behavior but also, the existence of a culture of safety that promotes infection prevention. Because dialysis infections result from a complex system of interactions between caregivers, patients, dialysis organizations, and the environment, attempts to address infections by focusing on one element in isolation often fail. Creating a sense of urgency and commitment to eradicating dialysis infections requires leadership and motivational skills. These skills are not taught in the standard nephrology or medical director curriculum. Effective leadership by medical directors and engagement in infection prevention by nephrologists are required to create a culture of safety. It is imperative that nephrologists commit to leadership training and embrace their potential as change agents to prevent infections in dialysis facilities. This paper explores the systemic factors contributing to the ongoing dialysis infection crisis in the United States and the role of nephrologists in instilling a culture of safety in which infections can be anticipated and prevented.
Modified Finney enteroplasty: a bowel sparing damage control stapled technique for penetrating jejunal and ileal injuries

The rise in gun violence and other penetrating trauma constitutes one of the main challenges in the modern practice of Acute Care Surgery. Expertise in the emergency management of this type of injuries is needed if one is to avoid preventable complications, such as short bowel syndrome. Revisiting and sometimes repurposing old surgical techniques may facilitate this task. The use of a modified Finney enteroplasty as a bowel sparing damage control technique for penetrating jejunal and ileal injuries was studied on 87 gunshot wound victims. The results show this to be a safe and efficient bowel sparing approach to the management of these injuries.
Rubin, Ruth Bloch. Building the Bloc: Intraparty Organization in the U.S. Congress: New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 350 pages. $99.99 (hardcover); $34.99 (softcover)

There are two common approaches to studying the U.S. Congress. The first is party-based, looking at how and why congressional parties act collectively and compete against (and occasionally cooperat...
The Pharmacology of Nicotine

Columbus brought tobacco from the New World. In the following centuries, the smoking of tobacco spread throughout the world, despite vigorous opposition. The tobacco plant was named Nicotiana tabacum after Jean Nicot, who promoted his belief that the plant had medicinal value.
A Wirelessly-Powered I.460Hz Transmitter with On-Chip Antennas in I80nm CMOS

In this paper, we present a wirelessly-powered bat-tery-less transmitter with fully integrated on-chip antennas for Internet of Things (IoT) and biomedical applications. The whole chip size is $3.9 \times 1.9\ \mathrm{mm}^{2}$ including the on-chip antennas. The transmitter uses on-off-keying modulation and operates in duty cycles. The chip harvest power at 7GHz and transmits back at 1.46GHz with −21 dBm output power achlevlnz a data-rate of 50Mbps.
Organ Motion Considerations and Tracking During Prostate SBRT

Prostate position is affected by the varying filling of the bladder and rectum, and so may move at any time during dose delivery. In the setting of SBRT then, a single image guided setup prior to treatment may be inadequate, possibly resulting in dose coverage to the target being less than, and dose to the rectal wall or bladder being higher than that planned. In this chapter, reports on the dosimetric benefits of intra-fractional monitoring and correction are discussed. Various approaches taken to achieve this, both those commercially available, and in clinical development are surveyed. The importance of bowel preparation and the use of other interventions are also discussed.
Fundamentalism: Origins and Influence

Fundamentalists are not in search of fundamentals. They have found the Truth. All they seek is a society solidly based on that Truth. Modern society, after all, has veered away from the true path and undermined the sacred tradition. It has offered false gods. It has called into question the very value of fundamentals. Modernity is thus in need of a spiritual and political revival that would restore a tradition in terms of which people can lead meaningful lives. Only such a restoration would give society itself the fundamentals it requires. Institutions would once again serve an ultimate moral purpose. Politics would become a matter of giving practical form to sacred principles. Full membership in the community would be granted to those who share and abide by the true faith. No sphere of life could evade the influence of the all-encompassing fundamentals. The fundamentalist search, which I have just sketched in an ideal-typical fashion, is thus not so much an effort to find meaning where there was none, but rather a collective attempt to bring certain fundamental, sacred principles to bear on society as a whole. For some American Protestants, it means above all making the US a Christian country again; for Islamic activists, it means taking seriously the “neglected duty” of engaging in jihad and establishing an Islamic state (cf. Jansen 1986). To use the sociological jargon and identify a possible common denominator in the family resemblances sketched by Marty and Appleby (1991), their fundamentalism constitutes a form of value-oriented dedifferentiation, aimed at the reconstruction of society. Precisely this larger ambition, perhaps more than the deep values particular groups claim for themselves, makes fundamentalism sociologically interesting.
Spatial Data Decomposition and Load Balancing on HPC Platforms

We are in the era of Spatial Big Data. Due to the developments of topographic techniques, clear satellite imagery, and various means for collecting information, geospatial datasets are growing in volume, complexity and heterogeneity. For example, OpenStreetMap data for the whole world is about 1 TB and NASA world climate datasets are about 17 TB. Spatial data volume and variety makes spatial computations both data-intensive and compute-intensive. Due to the irregular distribution of spatial data, domain decomposition becomes challenging. In this work, we present spatial data partitioning technique that takes into account spatial join cost. In addition, we present spatial join computation using Asynchronous Dynamic Load Balancing (ADLB) library. ADLB is a software library designed to help rapidly build scalable parallel programs using MPI. We evaluated the performance of ADLB-based MPI-GIS implementation. In our existing work, spatial data movement cost from ADLB server to worker MPI processes limited the scalability of MPI-GIS.
Reconfiguring Chinese natures: frugality and waste reutilization in Mao era urban China

This article juxtaposes two conflicting images of China’s environment during the socialist Mao era. One is an influential scholarly account of environmental destruction due to Mao’s insistence that...
Written Under the Skin: blood and intergenerational memory in South Africa

Carli Coetzee’s Written Under the Skin asks readers to develop a robust suspicion of two motifs in historical narratives of South Africa: newness and bloodlessness. Building on her opening contenti...
[Diagnosis of Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome due to de novo ASXL3 variant by high throughput sequencing].

Objective To explore the clinical and genetic features of a patient with mental retardation. Methods G-Banding chromosomal karyotyping and high-throughput sequencing was carried out for the child. Suspected variant was validated in his family by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Results The patient was found to carry a de novo heterozygous c. 4090G>T (p.Gly1364X) variant of the ASXL3 gene, which was known to predispose to Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome. Conclusion The nonsense c. 4090G>T (p.Gly1364X) variant probably accounts for the disease in this patient. Key words: Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome; ASXL3 gene; Developmental delay
Genetic Risk of Trigger Finger: Results of a Genomewide Association Study.

Background Trigger finger, or stenosing tenosynovitis, is one of the most common conditions affecting the hand, yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and genetic association studies of trigger finger are lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with trigger finger through a genomewide approach. Methods The authors performed a case-control genomewide association study in the Partners HealthCare Biobank. Single-nucleotide polymorphism- and gene-based association analyses were carried out after quality control, imputation, and filtering. Results Among 942 trigger finger cases and 24,472 controls, the authors tested 7,846,471 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association with trigger finger. In the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis, a single locus on chromosome 13 corresponding to KLHL1 met the genomewide significance threshold (lead single-nucleotide polymorphism rs59988404; OR, 1.74; 95 percent CI, 1.47 to 2.07; p = 1.99 × 10). After mapping, gene-based analysis demonstrated a significant association with POLE2 (p = 7.53 × 10) on chromosome 14. Among trigger finger cases, rs59988404 genotype was significantly associated with the total number of trigger finger procedures performed (p = 0.026). Conclusions In the first reported genomewide association study of trigger finger, the authors report significant associations of KLHL1 and POLE2 with risk of trigger finger. The authors' results may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of trigger finger and facilitate an individualized, precision-medicine treatment approach. Clinical question/level of evidence Risk, III.
CP -violating decay K L 0 → π 0 νν¯

The process /ital K//sub /ital L///sup 0//r arrow/..pi../sup 0/..nu../nu/bar // offers perhaps the clearest window yet proposed into the origin of /ital CP/ violation. The largest expected contribution to this decay is a direct /ital CP/-violating term at approx.few/times/10/sup /minus/12/. The indirect /ital CP/-violating contribution is some 3 /ital orders/ /ital of/ /ital magnitude/ smaller, and /ital CP/-conserving contributions are also estimated to be extremely small. Although this decay has never been directly probed, a branching ratio upper limit of /similar to/1% can be extracted from previous data on /ital K//sub /ital L///sup 0//r arrow/2..pi../sup 0/. This leaves an enormous range in which to search for new physics. If the Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) model prediction can be reached, a theoretically clean determination of the KM product sintheta/sub 2/sintheta/sub 3/sindelta can be made.
Planning on the Potomac: A Review Essay on Jason E. Taylor's Deconstructing the Monolith: The Microeconomics of the National Industrial Recovery Act

Taylor (2019) details heterogeneity in the effects of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) across industries and across time. Through first the President's Reemployment Act (PRA) and then industry-specific "codes of fair competition," the NIRA raised wages and restricted working hours. In some—but far from all—cases industries also used a NIRA code to collude, raising prices and restricting output. The effect of the NIRA peaked in fall 1933 and winter 1934; thereafter, compliance declined. I review the intellectual history of the NIRA, the implementation of the PRA and the NIRA codes, and Taylor's econometric evidence on their effects. I end with a discussion of the implications of Taylor's book for understanding the effect of the NIRA on US recovery from the Great Depression.
Conceptual replication study and meta-analysis suggest simulated nature does not reliably restore pure executive attention measured by the attention network task

Abstract The ability to replicate research findings is a cornerstone of science. Recent large-scale attempts to reproduce published psychology studies have resulted in replication of fewer than half of the statistically significant results (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). In this article, we present evidence of a failure to conceptually replicate a study published in Psychological Science (Berman, Jonides, & Kaplan, 2008, Experiment 2). In their publication, Berman et al. (2008) reported that exposure to simulated natural settings restored executive attention as measured by the Attention Network Test in 12 young adults. In our article, we present a conceptual replication attempt with 31 young adults as well as meta-analytic evidence to show that simulated nature does not seem to reliably restore executive attention when combining evidence from 14 studies (N = 612) that also used the executive portion of the Attention Network Test. While simulated nature exposure may provide benefits for some cognitive tasks, our findings and those of other recent meta-analyses question the reliability of simulated nature settings to restore executive attention. We discuss suggestions for future research.
Metal Resistance Loci of Bacterial Plasmids

This chapter provides an introduction to metallobiology, brief descriptions of the well-studied plasmidcoded metal resistances, and a short survey of the genetic and biochemical connections between metals and antibiotic resistances. Many genes in bacterial plasmid-borne metal resistance systems are homologous to those of the chromosomal homeostasis systems. Cobalt, nickel, and zinc are all essential metals, and all but zinc are redox active. Lead and cadmium have no beneficial biological functions and are both quite toxic. Operons conferring single and multiple resistances to various subsets of these four transition metals and the main group heavy metal, lead, are based on several distinct types of efflux pumps. In R. metallidurens there are three metal resistance loci on pMOL28: a transposon conferring resistance to mercury, merTPADE, and two nontransposable loci conferring resistance to chromate and to cobalt and nickel. Although heavy metal resistances in bacteria first appeared to be largely plasmid encoded, genome sequencing has revealed that homologs of transition metal resistance genes and their regulators abound in all prokaryotic chromosomes, most likely for managing the cell’s use of their beneficial and essential metal relatives. It is a known fact that bacteria isolated from metal-impacted environments typically carry several metal resistances on large conjugative plasmids, suggesting that this genetic arrangement has selective advantage beyond that afforded by expression of related chromosomal loci.
Electro-immunoassay for properdin: A comparison with the radioimmunoassay

Abstract Properdin concentrations in 22 human sera were determined by both electroimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay. A close correlation between the results of the two methods was noted ( r = 0.8945). Values obtained by electro-immunoassay were readily reproducible and did not change after 2 weeks of aging at 4°C. Since the electroimmunoassay is simpler to perform and requires less sophisticated equipment, it would appear to be the method of choice for serum determinations.
BABYLON Parallel Text Builder: Gathering Parallel Texts for Low-Density Languages

This paper describes Babylon, a system that attempts to overcome the shortage of parallel texts in low-density languages by supplementing existing parallel texts with texts gathered automatically from the Web. In addition to the identification of entire Web pages, we also propose a new feature specifically designed to find parallel text chunks within a single document. Experiments carried out on the Quechua-Spanish language pair show that the system is successful in automatically identifying a significant amount of parallel texts on the Web. Evaluations of a machine translation system trained on this corpus indicate that the Web-gathered parallel texts can supplement manually compiled parallel texts and perform significantly better than the manually compiled texts when tested on other Web-gathered data.
Particle Beam Dynamics Simulations Using the POOMA Framework

A program for simulation of the dynamics of high intensity charged particle beams in linear particle accelerators has been developed in C++ using the POOMA Framework, for use on serial and parallel architectures. The code models the trajectories of charged particles through a sequence of different accelerator beamline elements such as drift chambers, quadrupole magnets, or RF cavities. An FFT-based particle-in-cell algorithm is used to solve the Poisson equation that models the Coulomb interactions of the particles. The code employs an object-oriented design with software abstractions for the particle beam, accelerator beamline, and beamline elements, using C++ templates to efficiently support both 2D and 3D capabilities in the same code base. The POOMA Framework, which encapsulates much of the effort required for parallel execution, provides particle and field classes, particle-field interaction capabilities, and parallel FFT algorithms. The performance of this application running serially and in parallel is compared to an existing HPF implementation, with the POOMA version seen to run four times faster than the HPF code.
MEASURING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

This chapter describes the measuring economic activities. It is important to be able to measure rational economic activity. Economists need this data to test and refute their theories. Government policymakers need it to guide wise policy decisions. Business firms need this information to make smart production and marketing plans. The chapter highlights three measures of economic activity. Gross national product measures market production in current dollars. The gross national product (GNP) can be viewed as income, production, or value-added. The GNP has several flaws, however, and must be used with care. Neither GNP nor real gross national product (RGNP) should be interpreted as a measure of economic welfare or well-being. These statistics measure production and income, but they cannot tell whether people are better or worse off. Per capita RGNP puts RGNP on a human scale. Income and value-added are the same (both equal GNP) but income and value-added taxes (VATs) are different. In any case, the VAT is certainly an economic controversy.
Continuum characterization of jointed rock masses: Part II—Significance of low shear modulus

Abstract Finite element analysis is used to compare the displacement fields given by an anisotropic continuum model of a jointed rock mass with that obtained from the discrete joint model. The models have been described in Part I of the paper. These computations reveal excellent agreement between the finite element predictions of the joint model and the continuum model, except in the region of steep stress gradients near the loaded area. The anisotropic continuum model predicts a stress distribution that is significantly different from Flamant's solution for a strip load on a semi-infinite rock mass. Stresses are transmitted to a considerably greater depth along joints and to some extent across joints. This tendency is more pronounced in a medium of very low shear modulus, which corresponds to a joint set of low shear stiffness. Three case histories have been analyzed to evaluate the elastic behaviour of rock masses. These investigations suggest that actual rock masses may behave as a medium of low shear modulus. In this paper, attention is focused on the ddverse effects of low shear modulus on the stability of rock masses.
The Effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Timing Manipulation of CEO Stock Option Awards

Section 403 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act accelerates the reporting deadline of executive stock option grants to be within two business days after the grants. This study investigates the effect of Section 403 on the extent of CEO influence over grant date stock prices aimed at enhancing the value of executive stock option awards. Prior studies find that executives affect the exercise price of options by influencing the timing of option awards, manipulating the timing of value-relevant information around option awards, or backdating the award in an attempt to lower the grant date stock price, thereby increasing the value of their options. We find that the accelerated reporting requirement of SOX 403 significantly reduces CEO influence over grant date stock prices in the post-SOX period. Specifically, we find that the accelerated reporting requirement (1) deters the opportunistic granting of unscheduled awards after bad news announcements and reduces, but does not eliminate, the opportunistic granting of unscheduled awards before good news announcements; (2) deters the delaying of good news announcements after scheduled option awards; and (3) greatly reduces the apparent use of backdating of option grants to lower the strike price. Thus, we provide important new evidence on the economic impact of SOX on mitigating executive opportunistic behavior associated with stock option grants.
Behind the border trade facilitation in Asia-Pacific: Cost of trade, credit information, contract enforcement and regulatory coherence

This paper evaluates the potential contribution of both trade and business facilitation measures to trade and export competitiveness, as well as the potential gains from adopting a more integrated and coherent approach to trade and business (investment) facilitation.
The Chemistry and Identification of im-Dinitrophenyl Histidine

Abstract im-Dinitrophenyl histidine does not decompose under the standard conditions of protein hydrolysis, and it emerges between phenylalanine and lysine on the short column of the amino acid analyzer. Its ninhydrin color constant was found to be 76% of that for histidine. A method for analysis of im-dinitrophenyl histidine in a reacted protein is described. 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene reacts preferentially with the 3'-nitrogen of the imidazole ring of α-N-acetyl-histidine. The pK of the imidazole ring of im-dinitrophenyl histidine is 3.0 to 3.1.
An Oncogenic Hub: β-Catenin as a Molecular Target for Cancer Therapeutics

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays diverse roles in embryonic development and in maintenance of organs and tissues in adults. Activation of this signaling cascade inhibits degradation of the pivotal component β-catenin, which in turn stimulates transcription of downstream target genes. Over the past two decades, intensive worldwide investigations have yielded considerable progress toward understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Wnt signaling and its involvement in the pathogenesis of a range of human diseases. Remarkably, β-catenin signaling is aberrantly activated in greater than 70% of colorectal cancers and to a lesser extent in other tumor types, promoting cancer cell proliferation, survival and migration. Accordingly, β-catenin has gained recognition as an enticing molecular target for cancer therapeutics. Disruption of protein-protein interactions essential for β-catenin activity holds immense promise for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we focus on the regulation of β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation and discuss potential therapeutic opportunities to block this signaling pathway in cancer.
Role of Dopamine Neurons in Reward and Aversion: A Synaptic Plasticity Perspective

The brain is wired to predict future outcomes. Experience-dependent plasticity at excitatory synapses within dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area, a key region for a broad range of motivated behaviors, is thought to be a fundamental cellular mechanism that enables adaptation to a dynamic environment. Thus, depending on the circumstances, dopamine neurons are capable of processing both positive and negative reinforcement learning strategies. In this review, we will discuss how changes in synaptic plasticity of dopamine neurons may affect dopamine release, as well as behavioral adaptations to different environmental conditions falling at opposite ends of a saliency spectrum ranging from reward to aversion.
Models of Corporate Governance: Who's the Fairest of Them All?

In 2007, corporate governance became a well-discussed topic in the business press. Newspapers produced detailed accounts of corporate fraud, accounting scandals, excessive compensation, and other perceived organizational failures—many of which culminated in lawsuits, resignations, and bankruptcy. Central to these stories was the assumption that somehow corporate governance was to blame. That is, there was a functional failure in the system of checks and balances established to prevent abuse by executives. This case explores the various corporate governance systems that have been adopted in the United States and in various countries in Europe and Asia. The issues of control, director independence, auditor independence, dual-board versus unitary-board structure, comply-or-explain, and legislative versus market-driven solutions are explored. Readers are asked to evaluate what governance systems or elements they consider to be most effective. Plentiful examples--including Johnson & Johnson, BMW Group, Michelin, Heineken, Toyota, Samsung, Posco, PetroChina, Infosys, and many others - are used throughout as illustration.
Burnout in Hospital Social Workers Who Work with AIDS Patients

Fears of a future shortage of experienced social workers in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) field because of burnout prompted this study of 128 hospital social workers who work with AIDS patients. Results show that hospital AIDS social workers had slightly higher rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization on the Maslach Burnout Inventory but also felt a substantially higher level of personal accomplishment. Age, autonomy, and belonging to a support group explained 19 percent of the variance in burnout. Hospital administrators are urged to examine their administrative policies concerning these factors and to explore ways to preserve and enhance the most satisfying aspects of the work. Further research is encouraged to explore the relationship between young age and burnout and to better understand the factors that make AIDS work satisfying.
Social participation and self-rated health among older male veterans and non-veterans.

Aim To examine self-rated health (SRH) and its association with social participation, along with physical and mental health indicators, among USA male veterans and non-veterans aged ≥65 years. Methods The two waves of the National Health and Aging Trend Study provided data (n = 2845 at wave 1; n = 2235 at wave 2). Multilevel mixed effects generalized linear models were fit to test the hypotheses. Results Despite their older age, veterans did not differ from non-veterans in their physical, mental and cognitive health, and they had better SRH. However, black and Hispanic veterans had lower SRH than non-Hispanic white veterans. Formal group activities and outings for enjoyment were positively associated with better SRH for veterans, non-veterans and all veteran cohorts. Conclusions Aging veterans, especially black and Hispanic veterans, require programs and services that will help increase their social connectedness. Geriatr Gerontol Int ●●; ●●: ●●–●●