cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Weight loss of 172 lb with topiramate in a patient with migraine headaches.

Medications for chronic headaches and migraines have included β-blockers, valproic acid, and antidepressants, all of which have been associated with weight gain.[1][1] In an obese patient, the need for weight loss and weight maintenance is critical. Topiramate is an antiepileptic that is also
Evaluation of computational algorithms for the Associated Legendre Polynomials by interval analysis

An interval arithmetic that consists of tracing the number of significant figures during each calculation is applied to computational algorithms for the Associated Legendre Polynomial, Pnm (cos ϑ). The results indicate that the interval arithmetic scheme is a good estimator for the propagation of round-off errors and that one particular algorithm [a recurrence relation that relates Pnm (cos ϑ) to Pnn (cos ϑ)] is by far the superior computational scheme.
On the establishment and management of electronic reading-rooms

The establishment of electronic reading room,with great significance in reality,is the first step on the way from traditional libraries to electronic ones.At present,there are three categories of electronic reading rooms,of which the best one is a multi media reading room in the age of networks.Accordingly,suitable media are purchased to adapt to the establishment of electronic reading rooms.Anti virus measures are also required.Furthermore,the improvment of quality of librarians and establishment of electronic reading rules are sure to make them work well.
Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Microvesicle Genesis, Morphology and Pluripotent Content

Microvesicles (MVs) are lipid bilayer-covered cell fragments that range in diameter from 30 nm-1 uM and are released from all cell types. An increasing number of studies reveal that MVs contain microRNA, mRNA and protein that can be detected in the extracellular space. In this study, we characterized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) MV genesis, content and fusion to retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in vitro. Nanoparticle tracking revealed that iPSCs released approximately 2200 MVs cell/hour in the first 12 hrs with an average diameter of 122 nm. Electron and light microscopic analysis of iPSCs showed MV release via lipid bilayer budding. The mRNA content of iPSC MVs was characterized and revealed the presence of the transcription factors Oct-3/4, Nanog, Klf4, and C-Myc. The protein content of iPSCs MVs, detected by immunogold electron microscopy, revealed the presence of the Oct-3/4 and Nanog. Isolated iPSC MVs were shown to fuse with RPCs in vitro at multiple points along the plasma membrane. These findings demonstrate that the mRNA and protein cargo in iPSC MVs have established roles in maintenance of pluripotency. Building on this work, iPSC derived MVs may be shown to be involved in maintaining cellular pluripotency and may have application in regenerative strategies for neural tissue.
Effects of Industrial Heating Processes of Milk-Based Enteral Formulas on Site-Specific Protein Modifications and Their Relationship to in Vitro and in Vivo Protein Digestibility.

Heat treatments are applied to milk and dairy products to ensure their microbiological safety and shelf lives. Types of heating processes may have different effects on protein modifications, leading to different protein digestibility. In this study, milk-based liquid nutritional formulas (simulating enteral formulas) were subjected to steam injection ultra-high-temperature treatment or in-can sterilization, and the formulas were investigated by proteomic methods and in vitro and in vivo digestion assays. Proteomic analyses revealed that in-can sterilization resulted in higher signals for Ne-carboxymethyllysine and dephosphorylation of Ser residues in major milk proteins than in steam-injected formula, reflecting the more severe thermal process of in-can sterilization. In vitro and in vivo digestion assays indicated that steam injection improved protein digestibility, supposedly by denaturation, while the improvement seemed to be overwhelmed by formation of aggregates that showed resistance to digestion in...
Ventricular restoration--a surgical approach to reverse ventricular remodeling.

Congestive heart failure is most often caused by scar from coronary occlusion. The transition from occluded vessel to scar to dilation results in a remodeled ventricle that changes shape from ellipse to sphere. This shape change following an index event is called remodeling and a surgical approach for restoration (bring back to normal) will be described that uses the patient’s own tissue, rather than employing heart replacement by mechanical devices or transplantation.
Kinetics of Na-Li exchange in high and low K sheep red blood cells

The kinetic parameters and transport mechanism of Na-Li exchange were studied in both low K (LK) and high K (HK) sheep red blood cells with cellular Na [( Na]i) and Li concentrations [( Li]i) adjusted by the nystatin technique (Nature New Biol. 244: 47-49, 1973 and J. Physiol. Lond. 283: 177-196, 1978). Maximum velocities (Vm) for Li fluxes and half-activation constants (K1/2) for Li and Na of the Na-Li exchanger were determined. The K1/2 values for both Li and Na appeared to be similar in both cell types, although they were about two to three times lower on the inside than on the outside of the membrane. Furthermore, the K1/2 values for Li were at least an order of magnitude smaller than those for Na, suggesting substantial affinity differences for these two cations. The Vm values for Li fluxes, on the other hand, appear to be lower in HK than in LK cells. When Na and Li fluxes were measured simultaneously, a trans stimulatory effect by Na on Li fluxes was observed. From measurements of Li influx at different concentrations of external Li and different [Na]i, the ratio of the apparent Vm to the apparent external Li affinity was calculated to be independent of [Na]i for both types of sheep red blood cells. Similar trans effects of external Na were observed on Li efflux at varying [Li]i. These results are expected for a system operating by a "ping-pong" mechanism.
Dispersion-strengthened Al-Al 2 O 3 by plasma spraying

It has been demonstrated that plasma spraying is a useful method for the production of oxide dispersion-strengthened aluminum. The good particle-to-particle bonding produced by spraying allows lower forming temperatures to be used, and, consequently, more energy of deformation may be stored. The sprayed and pressed material displays strength similar to, if not higher than, SAP of comparable low oxide content and exhibits a high-temperature resistance to recrystallization. Since high oxide contents have been achieved in a spraying operation,7 it should be possible to eliminate milling of the starting powder, which is currently a necessary step in the production of high-strength SAP.
Current transcatheter devices to treat functional tricuspid regurgitation with discussion of issues relevant to clinical trial design

Functional or secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has seen increased attention in recent times as relationships with clinically-relevant outcomes have come to light. Despite the association of increased mortality with significant TR, the disease remains under-recognized and thus relatively untreated. In addition, the disease itself has not been extensively studied and the interactions between annular dilatation, right heart disease and pulmonary hypertension are poorly understood. However, the high mortality and recurrence rate with current surgical replacement or repair techniques is well recognised, opening the door to transcatheter therapies for functional TR. The current perspective reviews the rationale for transcatheter solutions, describes some of the current approaches and discusses the ongoing questions of a poorly-studied condition which may limit the design of clinical trials for this disease.
Experimental and Theoretical Dynamic Compliances of Foundations

An experimental study of the dynamic behavior of surface foundations on granular soils by centrifuge modeling is presented. The test method allows a direct measurement of the complex-valued dynamic response function for the foundation. An assessment of the applicability of existing theories to the practical problem is given in regard to some primary aspects.
Death associated protein 5 (DAP5/p97/NAT1) is upregulated during retinoic acid-induced cell differentiation and DAP5/p86 is associated with arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in promyelocytic leukemia cells: A possible mechanism of leukemia cell differentiation and apoptosis

2637 All-trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) is a potent inducer of cellular differentiation in neoplastic cells including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Arsenic Trioxide (ATO), however, induces both partial differentiation at low and apoptosis at higher doses. Currently, the molecular mechanisms involved in leukemic cell differentiation and apoptosis are not fully understood. We recently reported that ATRA-induced downregulation of translation initiation factors, including eIF2, eIF4AI, eIF4G, and upregulation of death associated protein 5 (DAP5/p97/NAT1), a novel inhibitor of translational initiation (Blood, 104 (5) 2004). Translation initiation is a highly regulated process in response to mitogenic stimulation and plays a critical role in cell growth and proliferation. We hypothesized that ATRA-induced cell differentiation involves suppression of translation initiation, a rate limiting step of protein synthesis. DAP5/p97 has been shown to suppress cap-dependent and independent translational pathways. We are studying expression and regulation of DAP5 and its role in leukemia cell differentiation. We have found that ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO) induced DAP5/p97 protein and mRNA expression detected by western bloting and RT-PCR, respectively, during differentiation of NB4 APL cells. However, ATRA was unable to induce expression of DAP5 protein in ATRA-resistant NB4.R1 cells. ATRA also induced DAP5 protein and mRNA expression in HL60 cells. ATO at apoptotic doses (> 1 uM), but not ATRA, induced 86kDa caspase-cleaved proapoptotic product of DAP5, DAP5/p86, in NB4 cells, suggesting ATO-induced apoptosis is associated with the DAP5/p86 expression. Currently we are trying to downregulate DAP5/p97 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in NB4 cells to evaluate the role of DAP5 in differentiation and apoptosis ATRA and ATO-induced respectively in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Our data suggests that a posttransptional regulation of gene expression through DAP5/p97-mediated translation control may be involved in terminal differentiation of myeloid cells. ATRA and ATO-induced supression of translational initiation through upregulation of DAP5/p97 and ATO (at high doses)-induced DAP5/p86 expression suggest a possible mechanism of action of these agents in leukemic cell differentiation and apoptosis.
The continuing evolution of cardiac troponin I biomarker analysis: from protein to proteoform

Introduction: The troponin complex consists of three proteins that fundamentally couple excitation with contraction. Circulating cardiac-specific Troponin I (cTnI) serves as diagnostic biomarker to...
A Sterically Biased Unsymmetrical Azobenzene Derivative: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and 15 N NMR Spectroscopic Analysis of ( E )-1-(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyldiazine

The title compound, (E)-1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyldiazine (I), was synthesized and characterized using a combination of 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy, infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and GC mass spectrometry. The solid-state structure is also reported. The unsymmetric azobenzene crystallizes in the space group P21/c with unit cell parameters a = 8.001(7) A, b = 17.827(16) A, c = 11.129(10) A, β = 101.960(10)°, V = 1553(2) A3, Z = 4, D calc = 1.139 g/cm3. The synthesis of (E)-1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyldiazine (I) and its characterization using a combination of combination of 1H, 15N, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography is described in this report.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience

(1992). Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 93-94.
Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in Barth syndrome: Data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an ultra-rare, X-linked recessive disorder characterized by cardio-skeletal myopathy, exercise intolerance, and growth delay. Oxygen uptake during peak exercise (VO2peak) has been shown to be severely limited in individuals with BTHS however; the trajectory of VO2peak from childhood to young adulthood is unknown. The objective of this study was to describe VO2peak from childhood through young adulthood in BTHS. Methods and materials VO2peak over time was presented through cross-sectional (n = 33 participants) and a longitudinal analyses (n = 12 participants). Retrospective data were obtained through maximal exercise testing on a cycle ergometer from individuals with BTHS who were or are currently enrolled in a research study during July 2006-September 2017. Participants included in the cross-sectional analysis were divided into 3 groups for analysis: 1) children (n = 13), 2) adolescents (n = 8), and 3) young adults (n = 12). Participants in the longitudinal analysis had at least two exercise tests over a span of 2-9 years. Results VO2peak relative to body weight (ml/kgBW/min), fat-free mass (FFM) and by percent of predicted VO2peak obtained were not significantly different between children, adolescents and young adults. VO2peak did not longitudinally change over a mean time of ~5 years in late adolescent and young adult participants with repeated tests. A model including both cardiac and skeletal muscle variables best predicted VO2peak. Conclusions In conclusion, VO2peak relative to body weight and fat-free mass demonstrates short- and long-term stability from childhood to young adulthood in BTHS with some variability among individuals.
Individualized targeted glucose control to avoid hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia have been linked to worse outcomes in critically ill patients. While there is controversy as to the optimal tightness of glucose control in critically ill patients, there is agreement that an upper limit to safe glucose levels exists and that avoiding hypoglycemic episodes should be prioritized. Our algorithm can assist clinicians in maintaining blood glucose ([Gbl]) within a desired target range while avoiding hypoglycemia.
Sprouty branches out to control T cell memory.

CD8+ T cells provide critical immune protection against infections and cancer. Upon T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of a cognate antigen–MHC I complex and costimulatory signals presented by dendritic cells, quiescent CD8+ T cells undergo activation, leading to proliferation and effector responses that mediate clearance of pathogen-infected cells or cancer. During the effector stage, some CD8+ T cells are short-lived effectors (KLRG1hi CD127lo), while others differentiate into memory precursors (MP) (KLRG1lo CD127hi) with the potential to develop into long-lived memory cells (1). The development of memory CD8+ T cells is an essential component of protective immunity. Studies interrogating the regulation of TCR-coupled intracellular signaling pathways have provided important insight into the mechanisms controlling T cell activation, function, and effector and memory fate decisions. In PNAS, Shehata et al. (2) demonstrate that the signaling molecules Sprouty 1 and Sprouty 2 (Spry1/2) antagonize TCR-mediated signaling through Akt–FoxO1/3a and limit CD8+ MP and subsequent memory formation (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Spry1/2 limit CD8+ T cell memory development through regulating the mTOR–Akt–FoxO signaling axis. In T cells, Akt activation is mediated by phosphorylation at Thr308 (TCR/costimulation-PI3K–dependent) and Ser473 (mTORC2-dependent). Active Akt promotes mTORC1 and inhibits FoxO1/3a. FoxO1 is an important positive regulator of CD8+ T cell memory development, while mTORC1 and mTORC2 are both negative regulators. Spry1/2 impair CD8+ T cell memory formation, partially through the regulation of mTOR–Akt–FoxO signaling, and potentially AMPK. LAT, linker for activated T cells; PLC-γ, phospholipase C-γ. Spry1/2 are two members of the conserved Spry family originally … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: hongbo.chi{at}stjude.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Intramolecular Anodic Olefin Coupling Reactions and the Use of Electron-Rich Aryl Rings(1).

The utility of intramolecular anodic olefin coupling reactions involving electron-rich aromatic rings for constructing fused, bicyclic ring skeletons has been examined. Reactions involving alkoxy-substituted phenyl rings were found to benefit strongly from a 3-methoxy substituent on the phenyl ring. Although overoxidation of the bicyclic product was observed in these reactions, this problem could be minimized with the use of controlled potential electrolysis conditions when a monomethoxy phenyl ring was used and avoided entirely with the use of a vinyl sulfide moiety as the initiator when a more electron-rich phenyl ring was used. Reactions involving 4-alkoxy-substituted phenyl rings as substrates did not lead to good yields of fused products. Furan rings were found to be excellent coupling partners for the reactions and afforded products having fused, bicyclic furan ring skeletons. Cyclizations involving furans were shown to be compatible with the formation of both six- and seven-membered rings, the gene...
Gothic and Old High German : Implications from phonological patterning

This article reconstructs the archaic Germanic rhotic by examining a natural class pattern common to Gothic and Old High German (OHG). Specifically, I argue that the sounds represented by the graphemes and patterned as [high] segments. Due to the Obligatory Contour Principle, those [high] consonants triggered dissimilatory lowering of high vowels in Gothic. On account of the No-Crossing Constraint, the same (i.e. etymologically related) consonants blocked the OHG process known as Primary Umlaut. That is, and inhibited the height features of [i] and [j] from spreading regressively onto a preceding low vowel. These novel analyses not only offer insight into patterns which have been poorly understood for the better part of two centuries, but also add clarity to our understanding of the phonological and phonetic properties of Early Germanic rhotics.
Self-reported residential pesticide use and survival after breast cancer.

Abstract Introduction Previous investigations found elevated mortality after breast cancer in association with biomarkers of persistent organochlorine pesticides in non-occupationally exposed women. We hypothesized that lifetime residential pesticide use, which includes persistent and non-persistent pesticides, would also be associated with increased mortality after breast cancer. Methods A population-based cohort of 1505 women with invasive or in situ breast cancer was interviewed in 1996–1997, shortly after diagnosis, about pre-diagnostic lifetime residential pesticide use. Participants were followed for mortality through 2014 (595 deaths from any cause and 236 from breast cancer, after 17.6 years of follow-up). Pesticides were examined as 15 individual categories; a group of seven used for lawn and garden purposes; a group of eight used for nuisance-pest purposes; and all combined. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. Modification by estrogen receptor (ER) status, body mass index, and long-term residence was examined. Results Ever use (HR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.63–0.95) and higher lifetime applications (4th quartile: HR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.47–0.81, ptrend = 0.3) of the lawn and garden group of pesticides were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, compared to never use. The inverse association for lawn and garden pesticide use was limited to ER positive (vs. negative) tumors (pinteraction = 0.05). Nuisance-pest pesticides, and all groups combined, were not associated with all-cause or breast cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions Contrary to our hypothesis, lifetime residential use of lawn and garden pesticides, but not all combined or nuisance-pest pesticides, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality after breast cancer.
The linearity of proximally induced accommodation and vergence.

This study sought to determine the linearity and amplitude of both proximally induced accommodation (PIA) and vergence (PIV) by comparing the open-loop accommodation and vergence responses, respectively, to individual stimuli located at viewing distances ranging from 0.20 m to 1,500 m. For the measurement of PIA, the vergence and accommodation loops were opened by subjects (N = 10) monocularly viewing the target through a 0.5-mm pinhole, while accommodation was assessed concurrently using an infrared optometer. In the assessment of PIV, the accommodation loop was opened either by subjects (N = 10) viewing a low-frequency difference of Gaussian (DOG) grating or by viewing the targets binocularly through 0.5-mm pinholes. For both PIV methods, the vergence loop was opened by vertical dissociating prisms while the heterophoria was assessed for the various target distances using the von Graefe technique. The results demonstrated significant changes in both PIA and PIV for stimuli located closer than 3 m. However, both proximal components attained a minimum level and remained constant for targets at or beyond 3 m. Furthermore, the magnitudes of PIA and PIV were linearly related to the target distance measured in diopters and meter angles, respectively. These findings clearly demonstrate the influence of target proximity on the oculomotor system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:2985-2991,1991 Maddox 1 proposed that the total vergence response was composed of four independent components, namely tonic vergence, accommodative vergence, convergence due to knowledge of nearness (now termed proximal vergence), and fusional vergence. Recent research 2 " 5 has indicated that the potential
Projecting Population Change by Age and Birth Parity: the Third Generation of Population Projections

Early population projections described future changes in total population and could foresee unsustainable population growth. Age-specific population projections could identify trends in population ageing and demographic dividends, and they have been widely used in recent decades owing to the efforts of collecting and estimating demographic data by age. In recent years, data are becoming available to allow for population projections by age and birth parity, which could help understanding future changes in family structures. To take advantage of the opportunity created by these increasingly accessible data, this paper extends the cohort component method to project populations by age and birth parity and provides an application for Canada.
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) is an advanced imaging technique that expands the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Kurtosis is a measure of skewness of the shape of a probability distribution, which reflects the deviation of a given distribution from the normal Gaussian distribution. DKI can capture the non-Gaussian diffusion behavior, which has been shown to reflect tissue microstructure and may be an important imaging marker for tissue heterogeneity. The goal of this chapter is to give the readers a physics background of the DKI method, review the current research and clinical applications, and describe the limitation and potential future directions of the technique.
Snow and water imaging spectrometer: final instrument characterization

The Snow and Water Imaging Spectrometer (SWIS) is a science-grade imaging spectrometer and telescope system suitable for CubeSat applications, spanning a 350-1700 nm spectral range with 5.7 nm sampling, a 10 degree field of view and 0.3 mrad spatial resolution. The system operates at F/1.8, providing high throughput for low-reflectivity water surfaces, while avoiding saturation over bright snow or clouds. The SWIS design utilizes heritage from previously demonstrated instruments on airborne platforms, while advancing the state of the art in compact sensors of this kind in terms of size and spectral coverage. Through frequent repeat observations from space at a moderate spatial resolution, SWIS can address key science questions concerning aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem changes, cryosphere warming and melt behavior, cloud and atmospheric science, and potential impacts of climate change and human activities on the environment. We review the optical design and innovations and key technologies developed for this instrument, as well as its measured optical performance. We discuss the radiometric calibration characterization, including detector linearity, flat field correction, and SNR. Finally, we discuss stray light modeling and the development of a focused ghost removal algorithm, which is tested and supported by laboratory results.
Excitation Techniques for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems: A Summary

Experimental analysis of nonlinear dynamic mechanical systems is a challenging task. Although well established and widely accepted techniques for Modal Parameter Estimation (MPE) of structures within the linearity assumption exist, several challenges arise once these assumptions cease to be valid i.e. nonlinear systems. Foremost of these challenges in analyzing nonlinear systems is the excitation technique used. While several traditional and non-traditional techniques are available for exciting these systems, each has its own merits and demerits during experimentation and post-processing. This paper summarizes some of these techniques applied to a physical structure and provides a comprehensive discussion on the results obtained. The excitation techniques include impact hammer, electrodynamic shakers, pneumatic system and step relaxation.
Differences in rates of low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer amongst various outpatient care centers.

245Background: Despite low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) demonstrating a relative reduction in m...
The Allen Telescope Array

The Allen Telescope Array, originally called the One Hectare Telescope (1hT) [1] will be a large array radio telescope whose novel characteristics will be a wide field of view (3.5 deg-GHz HPBW), continuous frequency coverage of 0.5 - 11 GHz, four dual-linear polarization output bands of 100 MHz each, four beams in each band, two 100 MHz spectral correlators for two of the bands, and hardware for RFI mitigation built in. Its scientific motivation is for deep SETI searches and, at the same time, a variety of other radio astronomy projects, including transient (e.g. pulsar) studies, HI mapping of the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, Zeeman studies of the galactic magnetic field in a number of transitions, mapping of long chain molecules in molecular clouds, mapping of the decrement in the cosmic background radiation toward galaxy clusters, and observation of HI absorption toward quasars at redshifts up to z=2. The array is planned for 350 6.1-meter dishes giving a physical collecting area of about 10,000 square meters. The large number of components reduces the price with economies of scale. The front end receiver is a single cryogenically cooled MIMIC Low Noise Amplifier covering the whole band. The feed is a wide-band log periodic feed of novel design, and the reflector system is an offset Gregorian for minimum sidelobes and spillover. All preliminary and critical design reviews have been completed. Three complete antennas with feeds and receivers are under test, and an array of 33 antennas is under construction at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory for the end of 2004. The present plan is to have a total of about 200 antennas completed by the summer of 2006 and the balance of the array finished before the end of the decade.
Raising the Bar for Theories of Categorisation and Concept Learning: The Need to Resolve Five Basic Paradigmatic Tensions

In the past two decades, human categorisation research has achieved significant progress via the rigorous and systematic study of concepts in terms of category structures and their families. The im...
Dynamic brain activity during associative learning examined with MEG/fMRI co-processing

ABSTRACT Background Due to limitations of individual neuroimaging methods we examine spatial and temporal contributions to self-generation using multimodality imaging with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) within the Bayesian framework Multiple Sparse Priors (MSP). New Method 24 healthy participants performed an fMRI and MEG paired-associate learning task. FMRI data were processed within Group ICA fMRI Toolbox. Independent components (ICs) were temporally sorted by task time series (|r|>0.30 threshold identified task-related ICs). Task-positive (“generate”) ICs were retained as spatial priors for MEG analyses. MEG data were processed by averaging trials to increase the signal-to-noise ratio within subjects and with an event-related theta power approach. MEG source reconstructions were constrained within the task-positive ICs for both analytical approaches. Results For fMRI, five networks were identified as task-related. Four ICs underlying active generation spanned bilateral parietal, orbitofrontal, medial frontal and superior temporal regions, and occipital lobe. FMRI-constrained MEG source reconstructions yielded early visual cortex activity followed by left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) recruitment to coalesce in the left inferior temporal lobe. For the event-related theta approach, reconstructions showed a progression of activity from bilateral temporal areas to left OFC and middle temporal gyrus, followed by right IFG. Comparison with Existing Methods MSP analyses informed by fMRI produced more focused regional activity than reconstructions without priors suggesting increased attention and maintenance when selecting relevant semantic information during active generation. Conclusions Constraining MEG source reconstruction to fMRI priors during active generation implicates interconnected fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal networks across time.
Surgical capsular release reduces flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis

Animal models of joint contracture may be used to elucidate the mechanisms of arthrofibrosis. Patients with joint contracture commonly undergo surgical capsular release. Previous animal models of joint contracture do not simulate this aspect of arthrofibrosis. We hypothesize that a surgical capsular release will decrease the severity of arthrofibrosis in this rabbit model. A capsular contracture was surgically created in 20 skeletally mature rabbits. Eight weeks later, ten rabbits underwent capsular release, which consisted of elevation of the posterior capsule through a lateral incision and manipulation under anesthesia. Ten rabbits had a sham incision, without release (control group). Immediately after release or sham surgery, extension loss (calculated by subtracting the knee extension angle (degrees) of the operative limb from the nonoperative, contralateral limb) was measured using fluoroscopy. All animals were sacrificed following 16 weeks of postoperative free cage activity. At sacrifice, joint contracture was measured using a custom, calibrated device. The histology of the posterior joint capsule was assessed at sacrifice. All animals survived both operations without complications. Immediately after surgical release or sham surgery, the average extension loss was 129.2 ± 10.7° in the control group versus 29.6 ± 8.2° in the capsular release group (p = 0.0002). Following 16 weeks of remobilization, the average extension loss of the control and capsular release animals were 49.0 ± 12.7° and 36.5 ± 14.2°, respectively (p = 0.035). There were no histological differences between the two groups. In this animal model, a surgical capsular release decreased the extension loss (flexion contracture) immediately after surgery, as well as following sixteen weeks of remobilization. There were no histological changes detected in the posterior joint capsule. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1529–1532, 2013
Overcoming the difficulties of accurate hazard assessment for electronic devices: A life cycle hazard projection approach

Hazard assessment tools offer the capability to determine the future hazardous impacts associated with an emerging technology; however, choosing among these tools to make a hazard assessment is difficult and can introduce biases. Instead, using multiple tools for the same hazard assessment can provide a more comprehensive study, but can produce conflicting results. To overcome these conflicts a new life cycle hazard assessment approach is introduced: life cycle hazard projection (LCHP). By projecting the results of a single hazard assessment into other life cycle stages, one is capable of managing conflicting results and providing a deeper assessment. To demonstrate the utility of LCHP, a case study is devised using The Green Screen™ for Safer Chemicals and Toxic Potential Indicator hazard tools to assess emerging copper-indium-gallium-selenium-sulfide photovoltaics (CIGS). In this study, the use of LCHP improved overall hazard assessment and made the conflicting results between the two tools disappear.
Experimental Economics: Induced Value Theory

It is the premise of this paper that the study of the decision behavior of suitably motivated individuals and groups in lab- oratory or other socially isolated settings such as hospitals (R. Battalio, J. Kagel, et al., 1973) has important and significant application to the development and verification of theories of the economic system at large.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Wolbachia from Folsomia Candida (Collembola: Isotomidae) via Sequences from WspB and Ribosomal Protein Genes

Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae), a springtail that occurs commonly in soils throughout the world, is widely used in soil pollution and ecotoxicological studies. F. candida typically repro...
QTL Mapping for Grain Size Traits Based on Extra-Large Grain Rice Line TD70

Abstract Grain size traits, including grain length, grain width and grain thickness, are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Many QTLs relating to rice grain size traits had been reported, but their control mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 240 lines, deriving from a cross between TD70, an extra-large grain size japonica line with 80 g of 1000-grain weight, and Kasalath, a small grain size indica variety, were constructed and used to map grain size QTLs to a linkage map by using 141 SSR markers in 2010 and 2011. Five QTLs for grain length, six for grain width and seven for grain thickness were detected distributing over chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. Seven QTLs, namely qGL3.1 , qGW2 , qGW2.2, qGW5.1 , qGW5.2 , qGT2.3 and qGT3.1 , were detected in either of the two years and explained for 56.19%, 4.42%, 29.41%, 10.37%, 7.61%, 21.19% and 17.06% of the observed phenotypic variances on average, respectively. The marker interval RM1347–RM5699 on chromosome 2 was found common for grain length, grain width and grain thickness; qGL3.1 and qGT3.1 were mapped to the same interval RM6080–RM6832 on chromosome 3. All 18 QTL alleles were derived from the large grain parent TD70. Most of the QTLs mapped in the present study were found the same as the genes previously cloned ( GW2 , GS3 or qGL3 , GW5 and GS5 ), and several were the same as the QTLs ( GS7 and qGL-7 ) previously mapped. Three QTLs, qGL2.2 on chromosome 2, qGW9 and qGT9 on chromosome 9, were first detected. These results laid a foundation for further fine mapping or cloning of these QTLs.
Geometric Data Analysis: An Interactive Graphics Program for Shape Comparison.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the geometric data analysis in an interactive graphics program for shape comparison. The method of least squares was used to solve the problem of finding a common location and orientation of two shapes to compare their similarities and differences. There are situations in which robust methods such as the repeated median technique are far superior to least squares, especially in the detection of localized shape differences. The chapter presents least squares and robust methods, and an interactive computer program written in FORTRAN with graphics capabilities. The chapter also presents the mathematical methods involved in each fitting process. It further presents two examples to illustrate the use of the program and to show the kinds of graphic results that can be obtained. The chapter describes the work involved in setting up the program to run on a computer installation and provides an overall description of how to use the system. Two shapes, each consisting of n homologous points, can be rotated, scaled, and translated to obtain a close fit to each other by several methods. The least squares and robust fits can be very different. The robust fit shows clearly the localized systematic nature of the shape differences.
[Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients newly received highly active antiretroviral therapy during 2005-2013 in Jiangsu province].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the HIV/AIDS patients newly received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during 2005-2013 in Jiangsu province. METHODS: According to the baseline data of HIV/AIDS patients newly received HAART during 2005-2013 an Excel database was established and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software. RESULTS: There were 5 788 HIV/AIDS patients newly received HAART during 2005-2013 and the number increased annually. 79.7% of these patients were from the local province with the ratio of male to female as 4.69 : 1 mean age as 39.9 years old 55.8% of them married 52.0% of them were treated at CDC. 91.9% of them were infected through sexual contacts. Mean baseline CD4(+)T cell count of cases was 187 cells/microl. Median of the interval between the time of HIV confirmation and HAART initiation was 4.0 months. Proportion of the HIV/AIDS patients that were being male elderly unmarried not local resident treated in hospitals and with higher baseline CD4(+)T count etc. showed a trend of increase. CONCLUSION: HIV/AIDS patients had the opportunity to start the HAART at early stage of the disease. However many of them started the treafment late as the results of being diagnosed late. Programs related to both earlier detection and diagnosis on HIV cases should be strengthened.
Roman Satire and the Old Comic Tradition

Quintilian famously claimed that satire was tota nostra, or totally ours, but this innovative volume demonstrates that many of Roman satire's most distinctive characteristics derived from ancient Greek Old Comedy. Jennifer L. Ferriss-Hill analyzes the writings of Lucilius, Horace, and Persius, highlighting the features that they crafted on the model of Aristophanes and his fellow poets: the authoritative yet compromised author; the self-referential discussions of poetics that vacillate between defensive and aggressive; the deployment of personal invective in the service of literary polemics; and the abiding interest in criticizing individuals, types, and language itself. The first book-length study in English on the relationship between Roman satire and Old Comedy, Roman Satire and the Old Comic Tradition will appeal to students and researchers in classics, comparative literature, and English.
Microphysical Processes Affecting the Pinatubo Volcanic Plume

In this paper we consider microphysical processes which affect the formation of sulfate particles and their size distribution in a dispersing cloud. A model for the dispersiorl of the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic cloud is described. We then consider a single point in the dispersing cloud and study the effects of nucleation, condensation and coagulation on the time evolution of the particle size distribution at that point.
Hook Whistler-a New Equatorial Whistler observed by Injun 3

THIS communication reports a new type of whistler discovered in the very low frequency radio noise data from the Injun 3 satellite. (See ref. 1 for details on the Injun 3 very low frequency experiment.)
Toward a General Sociological Theory of Emotions

Key ideas from expectation-states theory, symbolic interactionism, dramaturgical analysis, power-status theories, attribution theory, and psychoanalytic theories are combined in an effort to generate a more general theory of emotional arousal in face-to-face interaction. The level of emotional arousal in interaction is seen to reflect the degree of incongruity between expectations, including expectations for confirmation of self, and actual experiences. Such arousal involves the conversion of primary emotions into first and second-order combinations. The nature of emotional arousal is, however, further complicated by the activation of defense mechanisms and attribution processes. The composite theory is formalized into a series of propositions which can serve as hypotheses for empirical tests.
Desoxycorticosterone hypertension and ammonium chloride.

SummaryAmmonium chloride does not inhibit the hypertensive effect of desoxycorticosterone acetate in the rat. When both received the steroid, no difference can be detected between the blood pressure of rats given excess sodium chloride or an equivalent amount of ammonium chloride. The protection against cardiovascular lesions by NH4Cl in DCA treated animals must therefore be ascribed to a lack of response of the vascular territories to hypertension.
Abundances of triclosan-degrading microorganisms in activated sludge systems

ABSTRACT Triclosan is a synthetic antimicrobial agent used in numerous industrial and personal care products. Triclosan collected in wastewater treatment plants can be biodegraded up to 80%. However, little is studied about the abundances of known triclosan-degrading bacteria in activated sludge systems. A previous study reported that Sphingopyxis strain KCY1 isolated from activate sludge can cometabolically degrade triclosan. Recently, a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay specific to strain KCY1 has been developed. Thus, this study investigated the abundance of strain KCY1 in three different activated sludge wastewater treatments using a qPCR assay. Additionally, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), known as triclosan-degraders, and amoA gene were quantified. Strain KCY1 were detected in activated sludge samples from three different wastewater treatment plants. The concentrations of strain KCY1 and AOB were on the order of 10 5 －10 6 gene copies/mL, while amoA gene concentration was on the order of 10
Deposition of Tobacco Smoke Particles in a Low Ventilation Room

Deposition on indoor surfaces is an important removal mechanism for tobacco smoke particles. We report measurements of deposition rates of environmental tobacco smoke particles in a room-size chamber. The deposition rates were determined from the changes in measured concentrations by correcting for the effects of coagulation and ventilation. The airflow turbulent intensity parameter was determined independently by measuring the air velocities in the chamber. Particles with diameters 0.5 μm was found to be negligible. Comparison between our measurements and calculations using the theory of Crump and Seinfeld (1981) showed smaller measured deposition rates for particles from 0.1 to 0.3 μm in diameter and greater measured deposition rates for particles larger than 0.6 μm at three mixing intensities. Comparison of Nazaroff and Cass' model (1989a) for natural convection flow showed good a...
Variational principle for confined quantum systems.

A new variational principle for the energy eigenvalues of a confined quantum system is presented. Whereas the exact wave function \ensuremath{\Psi} must vanish on the bounding surface of the region, the trial function \ensuremath{\psi} in this principle need not obey any specific boundary condition. Calculationally, the method is similar to the conventional variational method except that kinetic energy turns out to be a weighted average of -F\ensuremath{\psi}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\nabla}}}^{2}$\ensuremath{\psi} d\ensuremath{\tau} and F(\ensuremath{\nabla}\ensuremath{\psi})\ensuremath{\cdot}(\ensuremath{\nabla}\ensuremath{\psi})d\ensuremath{\tau} in the ratio 2:-1. Although the principle is not a definite (minimum) one, good results are obtained in several examples.
Comparison of two independent life tests subject to type II censoring

The problem of comparing two life distributions is considered. It Is assumed that each life test Is stopped after a predetermined number of failures without regard to the number of failures which have occurred in the other life test. A generalized Wilcoxon-rlann-Whitney test is proposed. Small and large sample distributional results are obtained for the test statistic. Under the assumption that the life distributions differ by at most a scale parameter an exact confidence interval for that parameter is obtained. An algorithm for computing the interval is given.
The role of imagery in hypnosis: an information processing approach.

Abstract Imagery is widely agreed to be an important component of hypnosis. The theoretical framework from which to conceptualize the role of imagery in hypnosis, however, has remained controversial. A model is presented which attempts to reconceptualize hypnotic imaginal processing in terms of current theory and research in cognitive psychology and psychophysiology. This model draws from a propositional approach to imagery (e.g., Pylyshyn, 1973), particularly as adapted by Lang's (1979) bioinformational theory. It is argued that the hypnotic image is fundamentally more complex than simple iconic mental representation, containing instead both stimulus and response components. It is proposed that the critical properties of the hypnotic image are not the stimulus components or propositions which give rise to the experience of the image but instead are response propositions which are associated with overt behavior. Processing of these response propositions is conceptualized as a negative feedback system betw...
A Digest of LISTSERVs of Interest to Access Services

Cynthia Blanding, Interlibrary Loan librarian at the University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, introduced what is surely one of the biggest challenges in resource sharing today: online materials. M...