cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immaculate Flesh and the Social Body: Mary and the Jews

Despite the fact that no practicing Jews were permitted to reside in fourteenth and fifteenth-century England, late-medieval English devotional culture is rife with images of Jews, from the Old Testament patriarches in the Corpus Christi Plays to the blasphemous, terrifying host desecrators dramatized in the Croxton Play of the Sacrament and legitimized in Middle English sermons.1 Baffled by the paradoxical centrality of Jews to late-medieval English literature and art, scholars have acknowledged a continuing English tradition of anti-Judaism, while simultaneously asserting that Jews function in this literature to represent a generic "Other," or as a displacement for the Lollard sect that threatened religious orthodoxy with its iconomachia and reformist ecclesiology.2 The tension between these positions is obvious. The evidence of a continuous anti-Judaic iconographie tradition in lay devotional manuscripts necessarily challenges this theory of displacement, suggesting that Jews were not merely symbols of alterity in English culture, whether generic or specific, but rather that their presence was a necessary element in the devotional world of the later medieval English laity. Anti-Judaic images and ideas were particularly closely associated with the cult of the Virgin in late-medieval England. Marian devotional works, whether fictional like Chaucer's "Prioress's Tale" or liturgical like Books of Hours and devotional compendia, allow us therefore to investigate in some detail the significance of Jewish presence in late-medieval English religious culture. A number of the famous extant Middle English manuscripts, including the Bohun Hours and the Vernon manuscript, contain narratives and symbol clusters with a decidedly anti-Judaic thrust;3 but the most sustained program of anti-Judaic images I have found is in the elegant Carew-Poyntz Hours, Cambridge Fitzwilliam Ms. 48. In this encyclopedia of late-medieval religious imagery, a thread of cultic anti-Judaism - an anxiety about Jews violating the Catholic sacraments - links
Time-clustering behavior of spreading-center seismicity between 15 and 35 ◦ N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: observations from hydroacoustic monitoring

Abstract An earthquake catalog derived from the detection of seismically-generated T-waves is used to study the time-clustering behavior of moderate-size (≳3.0 M) earthquakes between 15 and 35°N along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Within this region, the distribution of inter-event times is consistent with a non-periodic, non-random, clustered process. The highest degrees of clustering are associated temporally with large mainshock-aftershock sequences; however, some swarm-like activity also is evident. Temporal fluctuations characterized by a power spectral density P(f) that decays as 1/fα are present within the time sequence, with α ranging from 0.12 to 0.55 for different regions of the spreading axis. This behavior is negligible at time scales less than ∼5×103 s, and earthquake occurrence becomes less clustered (smaller α) as increasing size thresholds are applied to the catalog. A power-law size-frequency scaling for Mid-Atlantic Ridge earthquakes also can be demonstrated using the distribution of acoustic magnitudes, or source levels. Although fractal seismic behavior has been linked to the structure of the underlying fault population in other environments, power–law fault size distributions have not been observed widely in the mid-ocean ridge setting.
Molecular mechanisms of late endosome morphology, identity and sorting

Recent studies using electron microscopy, protein crystallography, classic biochemistry and novel live-cell imaging have provided numerous insights into the endocytic pathway, describing a dynamic system in which compartment morphology, molecular identity and the mechanics of cargo sorting are intimately connected. Current evidence supports a model of maturation in which the lipids, cargo proteins and Rab population at the endosome determine its competence to perform the functions of late endosomes, including the sorting of cargoes into lumenal vesicles and fusion with lysosomes.
Rate constants for the reactions of H2O+ with NO2, O2, NO, C2H4, CO, CH4, and H2 measured at relative kinetic energies 0.04–2 eV

Abstract The rate constants of several H 2 O + reactions have been measured as a function of relative kinetic energy in a flow-drift tube. The reactions were found to proceed in a variety of ways — charge transfer, proton transfer, and H-atom abstraction — and to have only moderate kinetic-energy dependences.
Effect of homosexuality upon public health and social order.

Are homosexuals “not dangers to society” and is homosexuality “compatible with full health”? To answer these questions 4,340 adult respondents drawn via area probability sampling from 5 metropolita...
Feulgen-Positive Deposits in Retinoblastoma Incidence, Composition, and Ultrastructure

• The incidence of hematoxyphilic extracellular deposits in 159 cases of retinoblastoma was found to be 18%. Six other features of these tumors also were examined. In the majority of eyes with these deposits, the tumors were composed solely of anaplastic cells. None was well differentiated with preponderantly rosette formation. The hematoxyphilic deposits were Feulgen-positive, and this staining was diminished but not abolished by pretreatment with purified deoxyribonuclease (DNase), which did abolish nuclear staining. Feulgen staining of the deposits was totally blocked by pronase—DNase pretreatment—suggesting that the deposits may represent DNA-protein complexes. Ultrastructurally, these deposits were electron dense and finely vacuolar. The deposits may originate from degenerating tumor cell nuclei, and the possibility that they may represent immune complexes warrants future study in view of occasional spontaneous regression of this tumor.
Mobility of cations in magnesium aluminate spinel

Transport of cations in magnesium aluminate spinel due to an applied electric field at approximately 1000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C has been measured by observing changes in elemental concentrations near the cathode and anode surfaces using ion backscattering techniques. The results indicate that magnesium ions are the mobile species at 1000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and that these ions combine with ambient oxygen at the cathode surface to form a MgO layer. Quantitative interpretation of the data leads to the conclusion that the ionic transference number of spinel becomes approximately 0.5 after treatment in an electric field.
Auditory discrimination in conditions of noise and quiet by black and white disadvantaged children.

The auditory discrimination of first and third grade children of low socio-economic status was investigated. 17 black and 17 white children were randomly selected from the two grades. The condition for listening was varied, i.e., discrimination in condition of quiet and discrimination in condition of noise, through the use of the Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Test of Auditory Discrimination. White third graders were superior performers. The expectation, from the literature, that the auditory discrimination of children from low socio-economic levels would be depressed in conditions of noise was not supported. In fact, black children performed in an inferior manner in conditions of quiet.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Attenuates the Reflex Sympathetic Responses to Lower Body Negative Pressure

ABSTRACT The authors studied the effect of intravenous infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the plasma catecholamine and forearm vasoconstrictor responses to cardiopulmonary baroreflex deactivation in six normal, male volunteers in order to determine whether ANP influences reflex forearm vasoconstriction in humans. Unloading of low-pressure cardiopulmonary baroreceptors (CPBR) was accomplished by application of low levels (–10 and –20 mm Hg) of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The authors measured the plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the forearm vascular resistance (FVR) responses to reflex sympathetic activation by LBNP. ANP infusion (0.1 μ g kg −1 min −1 ) decreased (p
Vertebral arthritis and physical activities in the prehistoric Southeastern United States

Vertebral arthritis is examined in a prehistoric Native American sample from northwestern Alabama. Both osteophytosis (OP) of the vertebral bodies and osteoarthritis (OA) of the apophyseal facets are highest in the lumbar vertebrae, followed by the cervical and thoracic segments, although differences are much more striking in OP. OA is bilaterally asymmetric, with greater prevalence on the right side in the upper thoracic region. Much of the patterning seen in arthritis in this and other samples is due to the stresses imposed by spinal curvature and weight-bearing due to our erect posture. In addition, handedness is the probable cause of asymmetry in OA. However, the high levels of cervical OP are unexpected, and may be due to use of the tumpline in carrying burdens. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Treatment of women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions on cytologic evidence or biopsy results by board-certified gynecologists.

Abstract Objective: The Bethesda system combined human papillomavirus effects and mild dysplasia/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 into a single category called low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. We sought to determine whether the treatment of women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions by board-certified gynecologists was different for human papillomavirus effect versus mild dysplasia/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1. In addition, we sought to document the prevalence of human papillomavirus testing and counseling regarding sexual partners by this group of providers. Study Design: A 2-page survey was mailed in April 1998 to a random sample of 491 fellows of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The response rate was 50.6% Results: For a Papanicolaou test with human papillomavirus effects, 52% of the respondents would perform colposcopy. For a Papanicolaou test with mild dysplasia/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1, 86% of the respondents would perform colposcopy ( P P =.02). Respondents rarely offered routine human papillomavirus testing and frequently made recommendations regarding partner examination and condom use. Conclusion: Board-certified gynecologists commonly treat women with a newly diagnosed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Papanicolaou test with colposcopy and frequently differentiate between human papillomavirus effects and mild dysplasia/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 in the treatment. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:693-8.)
Mass screening for colorectal cancer.

A voluntary community colorectal cancer screening project to detect occult blood in the stool of asymptomatic individuals was undertaken; 49,353 Hemoccult® II kits were distributed. A total of 23,674 completed kits were returned to a central repository and processed (compliance rate, 48 percent); 851 participants had positive results (3.6 percent). Of the 640 who underwent further medical evaluation, 299 participants (46.7 percent) who had adequate follow-up had no evidence of disease. Diverse disease entities were detected in 341 participants, which was 1.4 percent of those enrolled. Forty-one patients (0.17 percent) showed significant findings that included 29 cancers (0.12 percent) and 12 (0.05 percent) noninvasive malignant polyps. Of the cancers, there were 27 colorectal, one nonHodgkin's lymphoma, and one carcinoma of the vocal cord. In addition, 107 patients (0.45 percent) had benign polyps and 193 patients (0.82 percent) had various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and other medical conditions. The cost of the program was modest and the results conformed to those found in previous screening surveys. The heightened public awareness of testing for colorectal disease and the detection of early lesions justifies the guaiac test screening program for mass survey.
Interspersion of highly repetitive DNA with single copy DNA in the genome of the red crab, Geryon quinquedens*

Kinetic analysis of the reassociation of 420 nucleotide (NT) long fragments has shown that essentially all of the repetitive sequences of the DNA of the red crab Geryon quinquedens are highly repetitive. There are negligible amounts of low and intermediate repetitive DNAs. Though atypical of most eukaryotes, this pattern has been observed in all other brachyurans (true crabs) studied (1,2). The major repetitive component is subdivided into short runs of 300 NT and longer runs of greater than 1200 NT while the minor component has an average sequence length of 400 NT. Both components reassociate at rates commonly observed for satellite DNAs. Unique among eukaryotes the organization of the genome includes single copy DNA contiguous to short runs (approximately 300 NT) of both repetitive components. Although patent satellites are not present, subsets of the repetitive DNA have been isolated by either restriction endonuclease digestion or by centrifugation in Ag+ or Hg2+/Cs2SO4 density gradients.
Cell-cycle control and its watchman

The mammalian cell cycle is controlled by systems that monitor the cell's health and act through the tumour-suppressor p53 and its effector, p21. Therapeutic intervention can restore order to tumour cells lacking p53.
Analysis of Grounding Systems

A general methodology for the analysis of electrical grounding systems is presented. Earth is represented as a two layer semiinfinite region. An equivalent circuit model of the earth embedded electrodes and conductive soil is developed via numerical lution of Laplace equations. The equivalent circuit model, together with the electric power system network, represents a large scale network which is solved via the modified nodal analysis method. The procedure enables accurate analysis of complicated grounding systems and computation of touch, step and transfer voltages. Effects of tower footing resistance, counterpoised wires, types of system faults (phase to ground, line to line, etc.) can be analyzed. Practical grounding systems can be easily analyzed because model reduction techniques can be incorporated in the analysis method. The methodology is demonstrated with the study of a nontrivial grounding system analysis problem.
ENERGETIC PARTICLE ANISOTROPIES AT THE HELIOSPHERIC BOUNDARY. II. TRANSIENT FEATURES AND RIGIDITY DEPENDENCE

In the preceding paper, we showed that large second-order anisotropies of heliospheric ions measured by the Voyager 1 space probe during the August 2012 boundary crossing event could be explained by a magnetic shear across the heliopause preventing particles streaming along the magnetic field from escaping the inner heliosheath. According to Stone et al., the penetration distance of heliospheric ions into the outer heliosheath had a strong dependence on the particle's Larmor radius. By comparing hydrogen, helium, and oxygen ions with the same energy per nucleon, these authors argued that this effect must be attributed to larger cyclotron radii of heavier species rather than differences in velocity. We propose that gradient drift in a nonuniform magnetic field was the cause of both the large second-order anisotropies and the spatial differentiation based on the ion's rigidity. A latitudinal gradient of magnetic field strength of about 10% per AU between 2012.7 and 2012.9 could have provided drift motion sufficient to match both LECP and CRS Voyager 1 observations. We explain the transient intensity dropout observed prior to the heliocliff using flux tube structures embedded in the heliosheath and magnetically connected to interstellar space. Finally, this paper reports a new indirect measurement of the plasma radial velocity at the heliopause on the basis of the time difference between two cosmic-ray telescopes measuring the same intensity dropout.
Observations on the prophylactic use of vitamin K in the newborn infant

Summary The need for routine administration of vitamin K to newborn infants was subjected to clinical and laboratory evaluation. During a three-month period vitamin K was given to one-half of the male infants on arrival in the hospital nursery, and the incidence of secondary hemorrhage after circumcision was noted. Hemorrhage was found to be 6 times more frequent in babies who did not receive vitamin K. In another smaller study only 1 of 22 babies who had received vitamin K showed moderate prolongation of the prothrombin time, whereas 10 babies of 24 who had not received vitamin K showed moderate to marked prolongation of the prothrombin times. The prophylactic use of vitamin K in all newborn infants has been restarted in this nursery.
Update on vertigo management

Vertigo can present significant diagnostic and management challenges. In the past decade, less invasive means of achieving relief from vertigo have been established. Many treatment options carry some degree of controversy. With vertigo, as in all areas of medicine, clinicians must constantly reevaluate the efficacy of their treatment algorithms.
Clinical commentary by Dr Rajni Sharma, Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist

My initial impression of this sixth session of psychotherapy is of the breathtaking contrast between 17-year-old Lily’s profound fragility and her silent steely power. This is a young woman who has...
Detection of DNA point mutation by atom transfer radical polymerization.

We report here a new DNA detection method in which polymer growth in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is used as a means to amplify detection signals. In this method, DNA hybridization and ligation reactions led to the attachment of ATRP initiators on a solid surface where specific DNA sequences were located. These initiators subsequently triggered the growth of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) at the end of immobilized DNA molecules and formed polymer brushes. The formation of PHEMA altered substrate opacity, rendering the corresponding spots readily distinguishable to the naked eye. A second ATRP reaction to form branched polymers on the surface drastically improved the visibility of DNA hybridization and significantly shortened the detection time. The resulting polymer film was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. Direct visualization of 1 fmol of target DNA molecules of interest was demonstrated. A proof-of-...
The unforgivable transgression of being Caster Semenya

After winning the 800 meters at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in August, sprinter Caster Semenya returned to a hero's welcome in her native South Africa, where the public denounced the ...
From Small to Large to Very Large: Modeling of Biomolecular Structures in Implicit Solvent

Water is as important to biomolecular simulations as it is to biology. However, accurate treatment of solvation effects explicitly, by representing solvent as discrete particles, can be computationally expensive. A popular alternative that can speed-up practical simulations is based on representing solvent as a continuum: solvent effects on the biomolecule in question are accounted for implicitly, at various levels of approximation. Molecular simulations within this so-called implicit solvent framework can speed up conformational search dramatically, but the expected acceleration depends strongly on system details. Her I will discuss applications of the methodology across many length scales: from atomistic simulations of the folding of small proteins to studies aimed at understanding chromatin compaction and dynamics at the level of the entire cell nucleus.
Osteomalacia with bone marrow fibrosis due to severe vitamin D deficiency after a gastrointestinal bypass operation for severe obesity.

ABSTRACT Objective To present 5 cases of bone biopsy-proven osteomalacia with marrow fibrosis (in 3 cases) after gastric bypass operation, review the relevant literature, and offer preventive strategies. Methods We summarize the clinical presentation, pertinent biochemical and radiologic data, and bone histomorphometric findings in 5 patients, encountered during a period of 17 years, in whom severe vitamin D deficiency developed after a gastrointestinal bypass surgical procedure for morbid obesity. Results Five patients (39 to 60 years of age) were seen for evaluation of metabolic bone disease not responding to “usual” therapy after a gastric bypass surgical procedure. All had generalized bone pain and tenderness, muscle weakness, stooping posture, difficulty walking, and waddling gait due to severe proximal muscle weakness for a period of 2 to 5 years. Diagnoses before the referral varied from arthritis and gout to vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis despite highly suggestive biochemical or radiologic findings (or both) of osteomalacia in each patient, which was confirmed by bone biopsy. After therapy with pharmacologic doses of ergocalciferol (100,000 IU daily) and calcium carbonate (1 to 2.5 g daily), considerable improvements occurred in clinical symptoms and functional status, biochemical indices, bone mineral density, and bone histomorphometric features. Conclusion Gastric bypass operations predispose patients to severe vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia in the absence of pharmacologic doses of vitamin D therapy. In general, the current recommendations are grossly inadequate in this high-risk population, and the clinical presentation is both nonspecific and often misleading. Prospective long-term studies are needed to determine the appropriate vitamin D dose required to prevent osteomalacia in such patients. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:528-533)
Exclusion of germ plasm proteins from somatic lineages by cullin-dependent degradation

In many animals, establishment of the germ line depends on segregation of a specialized cytoplasm, or ‘germ plasm’, to a small number of germline precursor cells during early embryogenesis1. Germ plasm asymmetry involves targeting of RNAs and proteins to a specific region of the oocyte and/or embryo2. Here we demonstrate that germ plasm asymmetry also depends on degradation of germline proteins in non-germline (somatic) cells. We show that five CCCH finger proteins, components of the Caenorhabditis elegans germ plasm, are targeted for degradation by the novel CCCH-finger-binding protein ZIF-1. ZIF-1 is a SOCS-box protein that interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit elongin C. Elongin C, the cullin CUL-2, the ring finger protein RBX-1 and the E2 ubiquitin conjugation enzyme UBC5 (also known as LET-70) are all required in vivo for CCCH finger protein degradation. Degradation is activated in somatic cells by the redundant CCCH finger proteins MEX-5 and MEX-6, which are counteracted in the germ line by the PAR-1 kinase. We propose that segregation of the germ plasm involves both stabilization of germline proteins in the germ line and cullin-dependent degradation in the soma.
Spatial scales of pollution from variable resolution satellite imaging.

Abstract The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides daily global coverage, but the 10 km resolution of its aerosol optical depth (AOD) product is not adequate for studying spatial variability of aerosols in urban areas. Recently, a new Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm was developed for MODIS which provides AOD at 1 km resolution. Using MAIAC data, the relationship between MAIAC AOD and PM 2.5 as measured by the EPA ground monitoring stations was investigated at varying spatial scales. Our analysis suggested that the correlation between PM 2.5 and AOD decreased significantly as AOD resolution was degraded. This is so despite the intrinsic mismatch between PM 2.5 ground level measurements and AOD vertically integrated measurements. Furthermore, the fine resolution results indicated spatial variability in particle concentration at a sub-10 km scale. Finally, this spatial variability of AOD within the urban domain was shown to depend on PM 2.5 levels and wind speed.
Resident physician interactions with surrogate decision-makers: The resident experience

This study explored interactions between medical residents and patient surrogates in order to clarify resident understanding of roles and relationships, resident emotional experience, and resident learning processes. Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews were used involving three family medicine residency programs serving culturally diverse, urban, underserved patient populations. Eighteen second- and third-year trainees described a memorable interaction with a surrogate and then were prompted to discuss their learning experience and their role in the interaction. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through an iterative process. Residents experienced significant emotional burden during interactions yet continued to value their relationships with surrogates. Despite their reservations about giving recommendations, residents adopted a variety of roles with surrogates as they gave support, information, and advice. Although residents reported little formal education about surrogate decision-making, they relied on passive role modeling and their own previous experiences to help surrogates make decisions. Residents have complex and emotionally significant interactions with surrogates despite minimal formal education about surrogate decision-making. Educational efforts should seek to help residents understand their own emotions and the ethical beliefs that underlie the roles they adopt with surrogates. This will help residents to facilitate value-based conversations with surrogates and better support surrogates in the decision-making process.
Redirected touching: Warping space to remap passive haptics

There is an increasing interest in deployable virtual military training systems. Haptic feedback for these training systems can enable users to interact more naturally with the training environment, but is difficult to deploy. Passive haptic feedback is very compelling, but it is also inflexible. Changes made to virtual objects can require time-consuming changes to their physical passive-haptic counterparts. This poster explores the possibility of mapping many differently shaped virtual objects onto one physical object by warping virtual space and exploiting the dominance of the visual system. A first implementation that maps different virtual objects onto dynamically captured physical geometry is presented, and potential applications to deployable military trainers are discussed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTRUMENTAL AND VISUAL COLOR IN A RAW, FRESH BEEF AND CHICKEN MODEL SYSTEM

A range of meat redness was created by mixing fresh, chilled ground chicken breast and ground beef in predetermined ratios. Samples were scored for visual redness under halogen (incandescent) and cool white fluorescent lighting. Instrumental color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma; illuminants A and F) and red color contributed by oxymyoglobin (percentage reflectance at 630 nm versus 580 nm) were determined. Correlation coefficients were determined between visual and instrumental evaluations. The a*, b*, and ΔR (630–580) were highly correlated to visual redness (halogen light: r = 0.99, -0.99, and 0.96, respectively; cool white fluorescent light: 0.98, -0.98, and 0.96, respectively). Regression analysis was conducted to develop equations to predict visual redness using instrumental color measures. In the 20% to 85% beef range, the regression curves were principally linear although the overall relationships (0–100% beef range) were cubic. Among the instrumental color parameters, a*, hue angle, and ΔR (630–580) could be used to predict visual redness for this model system.
Standing self-manipulation for a legged robot

On challenging, uneven terrain a legged robot's open loop posture will almost inevitably be inefficient, due to uncoordinated support of gravitational loads with coupled internal torques. By reasoning about certain structural properties governing the infinitesimal kinematics of the closed chains arising from a typical stance, we have developed a computationally trivial self-manipulation behavior that can minimize both internal and external torques absent any terrain information. The key to this behavior is a change of basis in torque space that approximates the partially decoupled nature of the two types of disturbances. The new coordinates reveal how to use actuator current measurements as proprioceptive sensors for the approximate gradients of both the internal and external task potential fields, without recourse to further modeling. The behavior is derived using a manipulation framework informed by the dual relationship between a legged robot and a multifingered hand. We implement the reactive posture controller resulting from simple online descent along these proprioceptively sensed gradients on the X-RHex robot to document the significant savings in standing power.
Who Was Who in Ninth-Century Chichen Itza

Hieroglyphic inscriptions from Chichen Itza are examined for possible light they might shed on its ethnic and political makeup during the Terminal Classic period (a.d. 800–1000). It is suggested that many of the name glyphs include patronyms known to be important at contact. This continuity of elite occupation is reinforced by decipherment of a title common to many of them as holpop, a title also known from early colonial Spanish and Maya documents. Finally, a reading of the event of the lintel as yul is suggested. The implications of these readings suggest the genesis of at least some Late Postclassic organizational features in the Terminal Classic. Also arguing against a severe rupture of elite life at the end of the Terminal Classic is the persistence of patronyms in northern Yucatan. Colonial sources make frequent mention of migrations and invasions as the source of the distinctive art and architecture, yet if the arguments herein are correct, there was instead a remarkable stability of ruling families in northern Yucatan. Finally, the dedication of several monuments by different individuals, each having different patronyms and marked by epithets such as “holy,” suggests considerable autonomy of these lesser officials consistent with a segmentary state form of organization.
DETERMINATION OF THE OXIDATION STATE OF URANIUM IN APATITE AND PHOSPHORITE DEPOSITS

Abstract Geological and mineralogical evidence indicate that the uranium present in apatite may proxy for calcium in the mineral structure as U(IV). An experimental investigation was conducted and chemical evidence was obtained that establishes the presence of U(IV) in apatite. The following analytical procedure was developed for the determination of U(IV). Carbonatefluorapatite is dissolved in 1.5 M orthophosphoric acid at a temperature of 5°C or slightly below and fluorapatite is dissolved in cold 1.2 M hydrochloric acid (approximately 5°C) containing 1.5 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride per 100 ml. Uranium(IV) is precipitated by cupferron using titanium as a carrier. The uranium in the precipitate is separated by use of the ethyl acetate extraction procedure and determined fluorimetrically. The validity and the limitations of the method have been established by spike experiments.
Commutative Filters for Reducing Inference Threats in Multilevel Database Systems

Disclosure of classified data in multilevel database systems is threatened by direct user access, user inference, Trojan Horse release, and Trojan Horse leaks. Earlier work showed how the problems of direct user access and Trojan Horse release can be solved by using a trusted filter and cryptographic checksums, but left the problems of inference and leaks open. We now show how the problem of user inference can be solved with the concept of a commutative filter that ensures that the result returned to a user is equivalent to one that would have been obtained had the query been posed against an authorized view of the database. The technique allows query selections, some projections, query optimization, and subquery handling to be performed by the database system. It does not solve the Trojan Horse leakage problem.
Improved design of CMOS multiple-input Muller-C-elements

The Muller-C-element is a basic building block for selftimed digital circuits. It is used to realise the AND function for events (signal transitions). This Letter presents an improved n-input Muller C-element design which provides tighter conditions for hazard-free operation with reduced hardware cost.
Mental health professionals with a specialty in anxiety disorders: Knowledge, training, and perceived competence in smoking cessation practices

Knowledge and perceived competence regarding smoking cessation was examined among mental health professionals who specialize in the treatment of anxiety disorders (n = 75). Results indicated that therapists assess smoking behavior in less than 30% of clients, perceive themselves as “definitely unprepared” to deliver smoking cessation treatment, and only a minority (17%) have received formal training in empirically based smoking cessation practices during the past 3 years. When benchmarked against primary care physicians, anxiety specialists illustrated deficits in “basic” smoking-cessation counseling practices (e.g., assess for smoking behavior). Anxiety specialists who had received formal training in smoking cessation in the past 3 years reported significantly greater levels of perceived preparedness in helping an anxiety-disordered patient quit and delivered a greater degree of evidence-based smoking cessation treatment. Implications of these data for the role of smoking cessation counseling in mental health training programs for anxiety disorders are discussed.
Comparing three signals of service quality

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a relatively new signal of service quality, third‐party evaluation of a service brand.Design/methodology/approach – The meaning of the third‐party signal to consumers was studied and the third‐party signal was compared with two other signals, word‐of‐mouth communication about a service brand and popularity of a service brand, for the ability to influence anticipated satisfaction with a homeowners' insurance product.The three signals appeared as factors in two experiments. The factor levels were favorable, absent, or unfavorable.Findings – All three signals exhibited significant main effects. Of the three signals, third‐party evaluation accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in the dependent variable, and this signal also had the strongest negativity effect. Also, a significant two‐way ordinal interaction was found between word‐of‐mouth communication and third‐party evaluation. The boosting effect of a favorable versus an unfavorable word‐of‐...
Toward a better understanding of helicopter stability derivatives

An amended six degree of freedom helicopter stability and control derivative model was developed in which body acceleration and control rate derivatives were included in the Taylor series expansion. These additional derivatives were derived from consideration of the effects of the higher order rotor flapping dynamics, which are known to be inadequately represented in the conventional six degree of freedom, quasistatic stability derivative model. The amended model was a substantial improvement over the conventional model, effectively doubling the unsable bandwidth and providing a more accurate representation of the short period and cross axis characteristics. Further investigations assessed the applicability of the two stability derivative model structures for flight test parameter identification. Parameters were identified using simulation data generated from a higher order base line model having sixth order rotor tip path plane dynamics. Three lower order models were identified: one using the conventional stability derivative model structure, a second using the amended six degree of freedom model structure, and a third model having eight degrees of freedom that included a simplified rotor tip path plane tilt representation.
Abstract sentence representations in 3-year-olds: Evidence from language production and comprehension

Abstract We use syntactic priming to test the abstractness of the sentence representations of young 3-year-olds (35–42 months). In describing pictures with inanimate participants, 18 children primed with passives produced more passives (11 with a strict scoring scheme, 16 with lax scoring) than did 18 children primed with actives (2 on either scheme) or 12 children who received no priming (0). Priming was comparable to that reported for older children and adults. Comprehension of reversible passives with animate participants before and after priming was above chance but did not improve as a result of priming. Young 3-year-olds represent sentences abstractly, have syntactic representations for noun, verb, “surface subject”, and “surface object”, have semantic representations for “agent” and “patient”, and flexibly map the relation between syntax and semantics. Taken together with research on syntactic categories in 2-year-olds, our results provide empirical support for continuity in language acquisition.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of several lanthanide β-diketonates

Abstract The valence region electronic structure of Ln(acac) 3 complexes (Ln = Nd, Tm, Pr; acac = acetylacetonate) is investigated using, principally, gas-phase ultraviolet photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy. Analysis of PE spectra focuses on the 7–12 eV region containing the first several ionization bands which likely contain metal f-ionizations and acac-based ionizations. These correspond to oxygen 2p-type orbitals and carbon 2p-type orbitals, which are equivalent to oxygen lone pairs and electrons from the pi-bond system of the ligand.
Resonance effect of fast moving excited atoms by spatially periodic potentials

Abstract Resonance effects of the fast-moving excited atoms from an accelerator, propagating through a spatially periodic potential, are described experimentally and theoretically. Atoms or ions propagating through the spatially periodic potential (or field) at the velocity V experience on oscillating frequency v given by v = V /(2 d ), where 2 d is the period of the spatial potential. Thus the resonance effect ranging from rf to microwave frequency can be observed. In addition to the phenomena already observed, some new proposals, concerning the magnetic resonance by a spatially periodic magnetic potential are given.
Corn syrup sugars: In vitro and in vivo digestibility and clinical tolerance in acute diarrhea of infancy

We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo digestibility and clinical tolerance of three corn syrup sugars (DE10, 15, 24) and one infant formula containing corn syrup sugar as the sole carbohydrate source (DE24). In vitro studies were conducted using human duodenal fluid and jejunal mucosa with normal enzyme activities. In vivo studies included intragastric perfusion studies and tolerance tests using the corn syrup sugars and a clinical formula trial in 32 infants with acute diarrhea. Results of the in vitro studies showed that each of the corn syrup sugars was well hydrolyzed by duodenal fluid and by mixtures of duodenal fluids and mucosal homogenates. Similarly, in vivo studies revealed significant hydrolysis in the proximal intestine, as measured during the perfusion studies, and adequate absorption, as indicated by a rise in serum glucose concentration during tolerance tests. Only patients who had a marginal serum glucose rise after a glucose meal had a blunted rise after a corn syrup feeding. More than 85% of the infants beginning the clinical trial tolerated the formula well and gained weight at or above the expected rate for age during the study interval. These data indicate that, except with severe mucosal injury and secondary monosaccharide intolerance, glucose polymers of the dextrose equivalents tested are suitable carbohydrate sources for infants recovering from acute diarrhea.
Hydrogen in yttrium via first-principles total-energy calculations.

The potential-energy surface of hydrogen in \ensuremath{\alpha}-${\mathrm{YH}}_{\mathit{x}}$ is obtained from first-principles total-energy calculations for the case of ${\mathrm{YH}}_{0.5}$. Results on the localized vibration frequencies of hydrogen, the splitting of the hydrogen energy level, and the activation energy for hydrogen diffusion are presented and compared with available experimental data.
Integration of technology in higher education: A review of faculty self-perceptions

The purpose of this study was to examine how faculty technology literacy and technology training impact their pedagogy. This required an examination of how faculty technology literacy skills related to pedagogical practice (integrating technology into their pedagogy), while controlling for training. Respondents surveyed in this study consisted of faculty members in the US colleges of education among the fifteen peer institutions of the University of North Dakota. The results of the study showed significant correlations between technology literacy and pedagogical practice integration. The results also revealed that faculty technology training may be maximized for the integration of pedagogy by using the training strategy of small group faculty forums with a trainer.
DTNBP1 is associated with imaging phenotypes in schizophrenia.

Dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) has been identified as putative schizophrenia susceptibility gene, but it remains unknown whether polymorphisms relate to altered cerebral structure. We examined relationships between a previously implicated DTNBP1 risk variant [P1578] and global and segmented brain tissue volumes and regional cortical thickness in schizophrenia (n=62; 24 risk carriers) and healthy subjects (n=42; 11 risk carriers), across ethnic groups and within Caucasians. Schizophrenia patients showed similar brain volumes, but significantly reduced brain-size adjusted gray matter and CSF volumes and cortical thinning in a widespread neocortical distribution compared to controls. DTNBP1 risk associated with reduced brain volume, but not with tissue sub-compartments. Cortical thickness, which was weakly associated with brain size, showed regional variations in association with genetic risk, although effects were dominated by highly significant genotype by diagnosis interactions over broad areas of cortex. Risk status associated with regional cortical thinning in patients, particularly in temporal networks, but with thickness increases in controls. DTNBP1 effects for brain volume and cortical thickness appear driven by different neurobiological processes. Smaller brain volumes observed in risk carriers may relate to previously reported DTNBP1/cognitive function relationships irrespective of diagnosis. Regional cortical thinning in patient, but not in control risk carriers, may suggest that DTNBP1 interacts with other schizophrenia-related risk factors to affect laminar thickness. Alternatively, DTNBP1 may influence neural processes for which individuals with thicker cortex are less vulnerable. Although DTNBP1 relates to cortical thinning in schizophrenia, morphological changes in the disorder are influenced by additional genetic and/or environmental factors.
On the optimization of fluid film bearings

In a classical paper slightly after the turn of the century, Lord Rayleigh obtained the optimum one dimensional slider bearing profile, the Rayleigh step. His criteria for optimality was that the load capacity per unit length of the bearing be maximum among all profiles having a given minimum film thickness. Since Rayleigh, an open question has been the determina­tion of the optimum two dimensional bearing profile based on the same criteria as above. In this paper we propose a method for answering that question using algorithms which we have recently developed for this class of problems.
Electromagnetic reflection from an extended turbulent medium: Cumulative forward-scatter single-backscatter approximation

The backscatter cross section Q for high-frequency irradiated turbulent dielectric media, many mean free paths L_{1} wide, is computed. The length L_{1} is the distance into the medium over which the mean electric field decreases in amplitude by a factor e^{-1} . Previous calculations have always been restricted to L \ll L_{1} . It is found that Q increases from the Born approximation Q = Q_{1} for medium width L \ll L_{1} to Q = 2Q_{1} for L \gg L_{1} , and the theory is valid as long as L \ll (kL_{0})^{5/3} L_{1} , a significant improvement over the Born approximation, when the macroscale L_{0} is much larger than the wavelength 2_{\pi}k^{-1} . The improvement is due to incorporation of the dominant effects of cumulative forward scattering in the local electric field in the medium. A rigorous and a heuristic derivation are given. The transitional behavior is discussed and a simple physical interpretation is given.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Traffic Flow

Six finite-difference equations often used to approximate the continuity equation of traffic flow are compared in terms of their ability to solve the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model. Ten representative initial traffic flow conditions were selected, and numerical solutions were obtained for the selected cases using the six finite-difference equations. Results are compared with analytical solutions, and the numerical properties of these approximations are examined. It was found that the upwind finite-difference schemes with volume corrections (Godunov-type schemes) produce the best results for all 10 cases and are reasonable finite-difference schemes for simulating traffic flow.
Exogenous tumour necrosis factor α induces suppression of autoimmune arthritis

Introduction Our previous studies showed that arthritic Lewis (LEW) rats produced the highest levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α in the recovery phase of adjuvant arthritis (AA), suggesting a correlation between high TNFα levels and reduced severity of arthritis. To further explore this correlation, we compared the TNFα secretion profile of the AA-resistant Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats with that of LEW rats, determined the effect of exogenous TNFα on the course of AA in LEW rats, and examined various mechanisms involved in TNFα-induced disease modulation.
Immunization with a Peptide Surrogate for Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Induces Autoantibody Production and Renal Immunoglobulin Deposition

Anti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies are the serologic abnormality characteristically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Although the anti-dsDNA antibodies present in SLE are indicative of an antigen-driven response, the antigen has not been conclusively identified. By screening a phage peptide display library, we demonstrated previously that the decapeptide DWEYSVWLSN is specifically bound by the pathogenic murine IgG2b anti-dsDNA antibody R4A. To investigate the possibility that a protein antigen might trigger lupus-like autoimmunity, we immunized BALB/c mice with DWEYSVWLSN in adjuvant. Mice developed significant titers of IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies 2–3 wk after the initial immunization. Immunized mice also developed antibodies against some other lupus autoantigens, and immunoglobulin deposition was present in renal glomeruli at 49 d. Although an immune response to peptide and dsDNA was evident in BALB/c mice, there was little response in other inbred strains. This study demonstrates that lupus-like anti-dsDNA reactivity can be generated in nonautoimmune mice by immunization with a peptide antigen. Peptide-induced autoimmunity may prove useful in understanding the spreading of antigenic specificities targeted in SLE. However, most importantly, the demonstration that a peptide antigen can initiate a SLE-like immune response opens a new chapter on the potential antigenic stimuli that might trigger SLE.