cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How the Z c (3900) Reveals the Spectra of Charmonium Hybrids and Tetraquarks

The recently discovered ${Z}_{c}(3900)$ meson is a flavor-exotic tetraquark whose constituents consist of a charm quark and antiquark and a light quark and antiquark. We identify such heavy tetraquark mesons as analogs of quarkonium hybrids, with the gluon field replaced by an isospin-1 excitation of the gluon and light-quark fields. Given the identification of $Y(4260)$ as a ground-state charmonium hybrid, lattice QCD calculations of the charmonium spectrum by the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration can be used to estimate the masses of the four lowest spin-symmetry multiplets of charmonium hybrids. We make the assumption that the isospin-1 Born-Oppenheimer potentials, whose energy levels are tetraquarks, have the same shapes as the flavor-singlet Born-Oppenheimer potentials, whose energy levels are hybrids. Given the identification of ${Z}_{c}(3900)$ as a charmonium tetraquark, lattice QCD calculations of the charmonium hybrid spectrum can then be used to estimate the masses of the four lowest spin-symmetry multiplets of charmonium tetraquarks.
Crime Victims’ Rights During Criminal Investigations? Applying the Crime Victims’ Rights Act Before Criminal Charges Are Filed

In recent years, federal and state enactments have given crime victims extensive rights to participate in criminal cases. Many of these rights apply only after the filing of criminal charges, such as the victim’s right to be heard during court proceedings. A crime victim's right to deliver an impact statement at sentencing, for instance, can only be exercised after the prosecutor has filed charges against a defendant and obtained a conviction. Other rights, however, could apply even before the formal filing of charges. As one example, the federal Crime Victim’s Rights Act (CVRA) extends to crime victims the right to “confer” with prosecutors. Can victims exercise this right even before charges have been filed?
Direct photometric analysis of serum calcium with glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil).

A spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of microgram quantities of calcium in serum is presented. In this procedure, 0.02 ml. of serum is interacted with buffered glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil) solution (GBHA) at pH 12.6. The resultant red calcium-GBHA complex is diluted in methanol-acetone-water solution, and the absorbance determined at 520 mµ. The effects of pH, temperature, GBHA concentration, and alcohol-water ratio were evaluated, as was interference by serum constituents. The method is simple and precise, and the analytical results compare well with the chloranilate procedure for serum calcium.
Regulation of interleukin-8 gene expression.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of the CXC chemokine family, is an important activator and chemoattractant for neutrophils and has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases. IL-8 is secreted in a stimulusspecific manner by a wide variety of cell types and is regulated primarily at the level of gene transcription. Functional studies indicate that IL-8 transcriptional responses to proinflammatory mediators are rapid and require only 100 nucleotides of 5'-flanking DNA upstream of the TATA box. Within the IL-8 promoter sequence are DNA binding sites for the inducible transcription factors AP-1, NF-IL-6, and NF-kappa B. Transcription factors in these families bind the IL-8 promoter as dimers, and several distinct subunit combinations have been identified as important for IL-8 transcription. In addition, these factors can act in concert to synergistically activate the IL-8 promoter. AP-1 and NF-IL-6 physically interact with NF- kappa B, and functional cooperativity among the factors appears to be cri...
Broadband circularly-polarized infrared emission from multilayer metamaterials

Development of a 2D metamaterial that preferentially emits broadband circularly-polarized (CP) infrared radiation is hindered by the fact that orthogonal electric-field components are uncorrelated at the surface of the thermal emitter, a consequence of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We achieve broadband CP thermal emission by fabricating a meanderline quarter-wave retarder on a transparent thermal-isolation layer. Behind this isolation layer, in thermal contact with the emitter, is a wire-grid polarizer. Along with an unavoidable linear polarized radiation characteristic from the meanderline, we measured a degree of circular polarization (DOCP) of 28%, averaged over the 8- to 12 μm band.
The fetus ejection reflex revisited.

ABSTRACT: In this comment on the preceding paper by Michel Odent on the fetus ejection reflex, the evolution of the original Newton hypothesis of a psychoactive, neurohormonal fetus ejection reflex is discussed with reference to similarities to the milk ejection reflex. The ecologic importance of the ability of environment to regulate labor and lactation is emphasized. Four types of fetus-expulsion mechanisms discussed by Ferguson are reviewed, with the emphasis on the need for more research. The work of Newton and her collaborators, who first experimentally demonstrated the environmental regulation of labor in an infrahuman mammal, is discussed in connection with current data on the effect of environment on human labor.
Cascade coding for subbit image compression

"Cascade coding," a technique of double coding an image is introduced in this paper. Blocks of the image are first transform-coded and the retained coefficients of the transform are then quantized by a Block Truncation Coding C BTC) algorithm for transmission or storage. Upon reception or recall, the quantized transform coefficients are used in the inverse transform to reconstruct the image. The new method combines the spatial correlation characteristics of the transform methods with the ease of implementation of the BTC. Illustrations presented here on sub-bit image coding, shows it to perform consistently better than straight Cosine Transform (DCI') coding.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Trajectory planning for coordinately operating robots

An efficient locally minimum-time trajectory planning algorithm for coordinately operating multiple robots is introduced. The task of the robots is to carry a common rigid object from an initial position to a final position along a given path in three-dimensional workspace in minimum time. The number of robots in the system is arbitrary. In the proposed algorithm, the desired motion of the common object carried by the robots is used as the key to planning of the trajectories of all the non-redundant robots involved. The search method is used in the trajectory planning. The planned robot trajectories satisfy the joint velocity, acceleration and torque constraints as well as the path constraints
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion in the Cardiopulmonary Bypass Prime Reduces Neurologic Injury

Background. Perfluorocarbon emulsion has proved beneficial in the prevention and amelioration of experimental air embolism. We examined whether the addition of perfluorocarbon to the prime solution could lead to a reduction in the incidence and severity of neurologic injury after the formation of a massive air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods. Fourteen pigs underwent bypass in which either a crystalloid prime solution or a perfluorocarbon prime solution (10 mL/kg) was used. Ten minutes into bypass a bolus (5 mL/kg) of air or saline (control) was delivered via the carotid artery. The resulting cerebral infarcts were graded on the basis of the findings in triphenyltetrazolium chloride—stained cerebral sections. Colored microspheres were used to measure cerebral blood flow. Bitemporal electroencephalography was used to evaluate cerebral function. Results. Cerebral infarction was not found in the perfluorocarbon-air group (0 of 5 animals), as compared with its occurrence in 3 of the 5 animals in the crystalloid-air group. Cerebral blood flow was also maintained or increased in the perfluorocarbon-air group ( p p Conclusions. The addition of perfluorocarbon emulsion to the cardiopulmonary bypass prime solution leads to a reduction in the incidence and severity of neurologic injury after the formation of a massive air embolism during bypass.
Analysis of gene expression in single live neurons.

We present here a method for broadly characterizing single cells at the molecular level beyond the more common morphological and transmitter/receptor classifications. The RNA from defined single cells is amplified by microinjecting primer, nucleotides, and enzyme into acutely dissociated cells from a defined region of rat brain. Further processing yields amplified antisense RNA. A second round of amplification results in greater than 10(6)-fold amplification of the original starting material, which is adequate for analysis--e.g., use as a probe, making of cDNA libraries, etc. We demonstrate this method by constructing expression profiles of single live cells from rat hippocampus. This profiling suggests that cells that appear to be morphologically similar may show marked differences in patterns of expression. In addition, we characterize several mRNAs from a single cell, some of which were previously undescribed, perhaps due to "rarity" when averaged over many cell types. Electrophysiological analysis coupled with molecular biology within the same cell will facilitate a better understanding of how changes at the molecular level are manifested in functional properties. This approach should be applicable to a wide variety of studies, including development, mutant models, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
Serving Children With Limited English Proficiency in the Schools

A national survey of public school clinicians (N=1,145) was conducted to assess these clinicians' services to limited English proficient (LEP) children. The main findings of the survey follow: 1. T...
Short Time Scale Dynamics and the Correlation between Liquid and Gas Phase Vibrational Energy Relaxation Rates

Although gas (g) and liquid (l) phase densities rho and rho(l) can differ by 3 orders of magnitude, from experiment the corresponding vibrational energy relaxation (VER) rate constants are at the same temperature T, strongly correlated. Namely, these rate constants obey the empirical correlation equation k(Tau,rho(l)) = (rho(l)/rho(g))k(Tau,rho(g))G where typically G approximately 0.5-2.0. The rate correlation equation is usually explained by the isolated binary collision (IBC) hypothesis, which yields a theoretical result for G. However, the physical assumptions underlying the IBC hypothesis have often been criticized. Thus we propose a new purely mathematical hypothesis, which yields the correlation equation including a molecular formula for G. This hypothesis is that the relaxing molecule's normalized vibrational force autocorrelation function is rho-independent to order t(2). The hypothesis is checked numerically for three model dihalogen solute/rare gas solvent VER systems. It is found to be obeyed for 280 thermodynamic states, usually within 0.02% to 0.30%. An inertial dynamics mechanism is proposed as a tentative physical explanation for our mathematical hypothesis.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I tax gene induces interleukin-8 secretion by autocrine mechanism and has No effect on interleukin-16 in transfected Jurkat cells.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I) Tax has been shown to transactivate several cellular genes. In this study, we show that interleukin-8 (IL-8) is expressed and secreted in tax-transfected Jurkat cells that were further augmented by mitogen stimulation. Expression of high-affinity IL-8-R (Type A) mRNA in these cells suggests an autocrine role for this chemokine in HTLV-I-infected T-cells. However, interleukin-16 (IL-16) mRNA expression or protein secretion was not significantly modulated either constitutively or even upon mitogen stimulation in these tax-transfected cells.
Let's Make Sure We Are Not Part of the Problem: A Librarian's Lament

As a collection development librarian at a mid‐size academic library, I work with university faculty to build the various collections. Librarians and university teaching faculty often have different views about collection development, and sometimes an uneasy truce exists between the two groups. In a small to mid‐size academic library without a large staff of subject specialists, collection development is one of the many responsibilities of faculty. One collection development librarian cannot do it all, and no one on campus is more qualified than a faculty members to assist the librarian in collection building. Librarians must not find themselves caught between the bureaucratic rules and regulations of the library on the one hand, and the faculty member's desire for resources that the or she wishes on the other hand. These two parties must work together to form a supportive and productive partnerships in library collection development.
Physical mapping of the MHC and grc by the pulse field electrophoresis

The development of the physical map of the major histocompatibility complex of the rat was undertaken using pulse field gel electrophoresis of fragments of genomic DNA from the BIL/2 (grc +) and BIL/1 (grc −) strains obtained primarily from single and double digests with the enzymes Mlu I, Not I, and Sfi I and hybridized with a variety of mouse, rat, and human probes. Both strains are maintained by inbreeding the BIL heterozygote (forced heterozygosity; F31); hence, their differences lie almost entirely in the MHC-grc regions. The MHC-grc region was contained in five fragments of DNA comprising 3000–3200 kilobases (kb); thus, its size appears to be closer to that of the human MHC than to that of the mouse MHC. This didstance may be an underestimate of the size of the entire region, however, because the cluster of class I loci in the RT1.A region could not be defined in detail in this study. The most striking difference between the BIL/2 strain, which has normal growth and reproductive characteristics, and the BIL/1 strain, which has growth and reproductive defects and an enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, is a deletion of approximately 70 kb in the latter strain. The studies og grc + and grc − strain suggest that the phenotypic defects of the grc − stains may be due to the loss of genes that are normally present in this deleted region.
Simulation of artificial vision, III: do the spatial or temporal characteristics of stimulus pixelization really matter?

visual percepts that can be elicited. Envisioned devices consist of a finite number of discrete stimulation contacts, will be implanted at a fixed location in the eye, and will subtend only a fraction of the entire visual field. If one expects to restore useful vision to blind patients, these constraints have to be thoroughly considered. Our research group is part of a larger multidisciplinary research effort aiming to develop a subretinal implant. Our CMOS-Retina 8‐10 is built to transform incident light on the retina into electric stimulation currents “in situ.” In this context, we have developed special experimental conditions (simulations) to explore the minimum requirements to restore useful artificial vision. Our simulations use low-resolution (pixelized) images that are projected in a “small” viewing area, stabilized at a fixed location in the visual field. We attempt to mimic the type of visual information provided by a retinal implant, using photodiode technology to transform incident light into an electric signal. With this methodological approach we explored, in a first study, 11 the reading of isolated four-letter words. In central vision, accurate recognition was possible with pixelizations down to 286 pixels, distributed over a 10° 3.5° viewing window. After a period of systematic training, comparable results were achieved with the same viewing window stabilized at 15° eccentricity in the lower visual field. In a second
The hydrolysis of 8-acetoxyquinoline

Abstract The rates of hydrolysis of 7-acetoxyquinoline and 8-acetoxyquinoline at 35° have been measured and are reported for the pH region from 0 to 10.
Fabrication of a mechanically aligned single-wafer MEMS turbine with turbocharger

We describe the fabrication of a turbocharged, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) turbine. The turbine will be part of a standalone power unit and includes extra layers to connect the turbine to a generator. The project goal is to demonstrate the successful combination of several features, namely: silicon fusion bonding (SFB), a micro turbocharger [2], two rotors, mechanical alignment between two wafers [1], and the use of only one 5" silicon wafer. The dimension of the actual turbine casing will be 14mm. The turbine rotor will have a diameter of 8mm. Given these dimensions, MEMS processes are an adequate way to fabricate the device, but it will be necessary to stack up seven different layers to build the turbine, as it is not possible to construct it out of one thick wafer. SFB will be used for bonding because it permits the great precision necessary for high quality alignment. Yet a more precise alignment will be necessary between the layers that contain the turbine rotor, to decrease imbalance and guarantee operation at a very high rpm. To achieve these tight tolerances, a mechanical alignment feature announced by Liudi Jiang [1] is used. The alignment accuracy is expected to be around 200nm. Despite the fact that the turbine consists of multiple layers, it will be fabricated on only one silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. As a result, all layers are exposed to the same process flow. The fabrication process includes MEMS technology as photolithography, nine deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) steps, and six SFB operations. A total of 14 masks are necessary for the fabrication.
STEROID STUDIES. II. THE METABOLISM OF ANDROSTAN-17(β)-OL-3-ONE*

IN AN earlier paper (1) some effects of androstan-17-(β)-ol-3-one (stanolone) in aged people were described. The results of a chromatographic study of the metabolism of stanolone by an agonadal male are now presented. PROCEDURE A 43-year-old obese male, who on physical examination showed a splitpea sized mass in each scrotum, was selected for this study. Both of these masses were subjected to biopsy.No functioning testicular elements— spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, or interstitial cells of Leydig—could be identified. At the age of 13, the patient was a normally developed individual with both testes readily palpable in the scrotum and of normal size and consistency. Following an accident at that time, both testes underwent apparently complete atrophy and there were consequent alterations in growth and sexual development. In our study, this subject was given for forty-five days a constant daily diet which contained 800 calories, with an average content of 60 Gm. of protein, 24 Gm. of fat and 89Gm. of carbohy...
Whose German? The ach/ich alternation and related phenomena in “standard” and “colloquial.” By Orrin W. Robinson. (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 208.) Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2001. Pp. xii, 169. Hardcover. $64.00

One might think that after seventy-plus years of debating the phonological status of the velar versus palatal fricative in German (the “ach-Laut” and the “ich-Laut” respectively), nothing new could be said about it. The monograph under review shows why this is not the case. And nowhere will one find a more exhaustive historical overview of the various positions taken since 1929, when Daniel Jones first treated the question (he writes of it, however, as a bit of common knowledge among linguists). From Jones to the latest views from Optimality Theory, the reader is skillfully guided through the various questions this issue has raised: Is this one phoneme or two? Is morphological information included or not? Are boundary phenomena included or not? Is /x/ underlying or /c/? Is -chen a “phonological word” or are there in fact two different suffixes? To what extent should loanwords be brought into the discussion? And there are other issues, too, which have not been raised before, especially the one posed in the title. Thus, every possible question raised about these two sounds and every conceivable answer is given its due; this comprehensive survey makes up the whole of chapter 3. The first two chapters clear the ground for this history of the discussion: Chapter 1 deals with the issue of the definition of “Standard German”, and chapter 2 deals with the “bare facts” regarding the distribution of [x] and [c].
Water Quality Analysis of a Freshwater Diversion at Caernarvon, Louisiana

Since 1991, Mississippi River water has been diverted at Caernarvon, Louisiana, into Breton Sound estuary. Breton Sound estuary encompasses 1100 km2 of fresh and brackish, rapidly subsiding wetlands. Nitrite + nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium, total phosphorus, total suspended sediments, and salinity concentrations were monitored at seven locations in Breton Sound from 1988 to 1994. Statistical analysis of the data indicated decreased total Kjeldahl nitrogen with associated decrease in total nitrogen, and decreased salinity concentrations in the estuary due to the diversion. Spring and summer water quality transects indicated rapid reduction of nitrite + nitrate and total suspended sediment concentration as diverted Mississippi River water entered the estuary, suggesting near complete assimilation of these constituents by the ecosystem. Loading rates of nitrite + nitrate (5.6–13.4 g m−2 yr−1), total nitrogen (8.9–23.4 g m−2 yr−1), and total phosphorus (0.9–2.0 g m−2 yr−1) were calculated along with removal efficiencies for these constituents (nitrite + nitrate 88–97%; total nitrogen 32–57%; total phosphorus 0–46%). The low impact of the diversion on water quality in the Breton Sound estuary, along with assimilation of TSS over a very short distance, suggests that more water may be introduced into the estuary without detrimental affects. This would be necessary if freshwater diversions are to be used to distribute nitrients and sediments into the lower reaches of the estuary, in an effort to compensate for relative sea-level rise, and reverse the current trend of rapid loss of wetlands in coastal Louisiana.
Correlation Between Probe Shape and Atomic Friction Peaks at Graphite Step Edges

Molecular dynamics simulation and atomic force microscopy are used to study the nature of friction between nanoscale tips and graphite step edges. Both techniques show that the width of the lateral force peak as the probe moves up a step is directly correlated with the size and shape of the tip. The origin of that relationship is explored and the similarities and differences between the measurements and simulations are discussed. The observations suggest that the relationship between lateral force peak width and tip geometry can be used as a real-time monitor for tip wear during atomic scale friction measurements.
1021 REDUCTION OF CORD BLOOD POLYMORPHONUCLEAR (PMN) LEUKOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS BY INDOMETHACIN

Protracted exposure to high oxygen tensions has been associated in preterm neonates with egress of leukocytes and alveolar macrophages into pulmonary interstitium and effluent obtained by bronchoalyeolar lavage. Pulmonary effluent serine elastase concentrations are increased in infants exposed to FiO2, >.4 Serum indomethacin concentrations of 10−5 to 10−7 molar have been associated with closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. We hypothesized.that indomethacin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, might alter leukocyte chemotaxis in infants. Using modified Boyden chambers human term cord blood PMN leukocyte chemotaxis was altered (F=6.68,p=0.025) with linear attenuation (r= -0.77) to zymogen activated human serum. We speculate that indomethacin treatment of neonates may reduce oxygen induced inflammation through reducing leukocyte induced cytotoxic parenchymal lung damage and airways inflammation in addition to closing the patent ductus arteriosus. (HD 16292)
Emergency management of the acutely poisoned child/adolescent.

Intoxications represent a frequent serious problem for the emergency physician. Diagnosis is the most difficult aspect; the possibility of intoxication should never be far from the diagnostician’s consideration. Therapy continues to be based on good supportive care, but increasingly, innovative approaches based on sound scientific principles are being developed, while older therapies are being dismissed. The field is rapidly evolving, and clinicians must remain cognizant of current developments. For optimum results, scientific knowledge must be combined with good clinical skills.
Muscarinic and β-adrenergic prejunctional modulation of adrenergic neurotransmission in the blood vessel wall

Abstract Many prejunctional inhibitory and excitatory receptors have been described on adrenergic nerve endings in animal arteries and veins, and studies to date have identified some of these in human blood vessels. The latter include muscarinic receptors in cutaneous veins which when activated by acetylcholine inhibit the evoked release of norepinephrine, and β-adrenoceptors which when stimulated by isoproterenol or epinephrine facilitate it. Animal studies suggest that cholinergic vasodilatation can result from prejunctional inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission. The human saphenous vein appears to contain more prejunctional β-adrenoceptors than the canine, with a consequential greater enhancement of norepinephrine release when these receptors are activated.
A Simple Measure in Defining Optimal Strata in Clinical Trials

This paper deals with balancing groups with respect to prognostic factors in clinical trials, as a means of increasing the power of a study. We use the Mantel-Haenszel statistic to obtain a simple measure for assessing the relative efficiency of different factors for stratification and to find optimal cutpoints for the given factors. For any available database, the measure can be used to construct optimal strata for a clinical trial. The paper also presents a practical approach for reducing the number of strata using discriminant regions with a method of assessing the effectiveness of this approach. An example from a large database of severe head trauma patients illustrates the utility of the measure.
Begging behavior and food acquisition by brown-headed cowbird nestlings

Understanding the selective forces that limit the exaggeration of begging signals is a critical issue in understanding the evolution of begging behavior. I studied the begging behavior of nestlings of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), a brood parasite. In the nests of indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea), brown-headed cowbird nestlings received approximately twice as much food per hour than their host nestmates. I tested three hypotheses for the mechanism by which cowbirds acquired more food than their bunting nestmates: the size advantage hypothesis, the signal exaggeration hypothesis, and the novel begging behavior hypothesis. I found support for the hypotheses that cowbirds acquire more food as a result of their larger body size, and due to the exaggeration of begging signals that are not dependent on body size. I did not find support for the role of novel begging behaviors in cowbird food acquisition. These results suggest that food acquisition by host chicks in unparasitized nests could be increased by the exaggeration of begging signals. Recent work suggests that such exaggeration may be limited by the risk of nest predation, but further studies are needed.
Voronoi-Based Coverage Control for Multi-Quadrotor UAVs

This paper investigates the problem of covering an environment using a group of quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on locational optimization techniques to assign Voronoi regions to vehicles. In comparison with the standard coverage control problems for single integrator agents, we design a planar position controller for UAVs to spread out over an environment to provide coverage. The stability of entire system is guaranteed using LaSalle’s invariance principle, and numerical simulation is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Inpatient pastoral counseling in a managed care setting: Impossibility or opportunity?

This article proposes that cognitive-behavioral interventions can be appropriate and pastorally effective means of intervention in an inpatient psychiatric facility in the context of managed care. Starting from the standpoint of self-regulation failure, it is suggested that the following factors are significant in effective therapy; rest, the safety of the closed ward, counselor empathy, the experience of self-efficacy through counseling sessions principally through utilization of cognitive-behavioral approaches, and the support of staff and patients. Case examples are described and Borderline Personality Disorder is explored as a special case. The article concludes with the suggestion that the most significant factors in returning patients to outpatient care are the rediscovery of meaning and the installation of hope. The article demonstrates that this can be done effectively within the limitations of managed care.
Rudiments of Subgroup Analyses

Subgroup analysis in a clinical trial is the evaluation of the effect of a randomly allocated intervention within only a fraction of the patients in the entire research cohort. This article provides several examples of the use of subgroup analysis, discusses some of the interpretative difficulties that occur during the assessment of the effect of therapy within subgroups, and provides a summary of recent recommendations on reporting subgroup analyses in the literature. Although subgroup analyses can provide new, provocative, and sometimes clinically relevant findings, this group of evaluations must be handled with extreme care.
Low-density neutron matter

The properties of low-density neutron matter are important for the understanding of neutron star crusts and the exterior of large neutron-rich nuclei. We examine various properties of dilute neutron matter using quantum Monte Carlo methods, with $s$- and $p$-wave terms in the interaction. Our results provide a smooth evolution of the equation of state and pairing gap from extremely small densities, where analytic expressions are available, up to the strongly interacting regime probed experimentally and described theoretically in cold atomic systems, where ${k}_{F}\ensuremath{\approx}0.5 {\text{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and the pairing gap becomes of the order of magnitude of the Fermi energy. We also present results for the momentum distribution and pair distributions, displaying the same evolution from weak to strong coupling. Combined with previous quantum Monte Carlo and other calculations at moderate densities, these results provide strong constraints on the neutron matter equation of state up to saturation densities.
Lineal occlusion concepts for complete dentures.

Abstract A rationale for using lineal occlusal-contact teeth in complete dentures was discussed. The vectors of occlusal force for anatomic, nonanatomic, and lineal occlusal-contact teeth were compared. Four combinations of plastic and porcelain occlusal tooth forms, which can be used or modified for lineal occlusal contact, were described. Rules for positioning of the teeth and methods for occlusal adjustment of each combination were considered.
A Neogene seawater sulfur isotope age curve from calcareous pelagic microfossils

Abstract Until now, our knowledge of the sulfur isotopic composition of seawater through geologic time has depended on stable isotopic analysis of sulfate from evaporites. Owing to the sporadic occurrence of evaporites through time, the secular sulfur isotope age curve contains many gaps with little or no data. In order to fill in some of these gaps, particularly the Neogene, we have analyzed the sulfur isotopic composition of carbonate-associated sulfate in carbonate tests of planktonic foraminifera. Other investigators have shown that sulfate may occur in biogenic calcites either lattice-bound, as micro-fluid inclusions, in adsorbed phases, or as protein polysaccharides. Whatever the origin, the sulfur isotopic composition of this sulfate appears to be representative of that of the water in which the organism lived, as shown by results on recent calcareous foraminifera and macrofossils. Using this approach for study of Miocene to Recent pelagic marine sediments supplemented by new data for Miocene marine evaporites from the Gulf of Suez, we have found that the δ 34 S of seawater has decreased about 2.5‰ over the past 25 m.y. and that most of the decrease has occurred over the past 5 m.y., parallelling a decrease in the δ 13 C of dissolved oceanic bicarbonate from the same interval. Sedimentary redox models based on isotope records suggest that organic carbon and sulfide burial have both decreased over the past 5 m.y. Alternatively, an increase in weathering rates over the past 5 m.y. would not require a decrease in organic carbon or sulfide burial as long as the isotopic effect of the increased river input exceeds the isotopic effect of the burial of the reduced species. In either case, the net result would be a decrease in atmospheric p O 2 .
Analysis of distortion in tunable ferroelectric capacitors

The harmonic distortion in ferroelectric capacitors is measured using a parallel resonant circuit approach. The measured results have been compared with simulated results based on the nonlinearities in capacitance versus the voltage characteristics of ferroelectric capacitors.
WE-D-9A-02: Automated Landmark-Guided CT to Cone-Beam CT Deformable Image Registration

Purpose: The anatomical changes that occur between the simulation CT and daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) are investigated using an automated landmark-guided deformable image registration (LDIR) algorithm with simultaneous intensity correction. LDIR was designed to be accurate in the presence of tissue intensity mismatch and heavy noise contamination. Method: An auto-landmark generation algorithm was used in conjunction with a local small volume (LSV) gradient matching search engine to map corresponding landmarks between the CBCT and planning CT. The LSVs offsets were used to perform an initial deformation, generate landmarks, and correct local intensity mismatch. The landmarks act as stabilizing controlpoints in the Demons objective function. The accuracy of the LDIR algorithm was evaluated on one synthetic case with ground truth and data of ten head and neck cancer patients. The deformation vector field (DVF) accuracy was accessed using a synthetic case. The Root mean square error of the 3D canny edge (RMSECE), mutual information (MI), and feature similarity index metric (FSIM) were used to access the accuracy of LDIR on the patient data. The quality of the corresponding deformed contours was verified by an attending physician. Results: The resulting 90 percentile DVF error for the synthetic case was within 5.63mm formore » the original demons algorithm, 2.84mm for intensity correction alone, 2.45mm using controlpoints without intensity correction, and 1.48 mm for the LDIR algorithm. For the five patients the mean RMSECE of the original CT, Demons deformed CT, intensity corrected Demons CT, control-point stabilized deformed CT, and LDIR CT was 0.24, 0.26, 0.20, 0.20, and 0.16 respectively. Conclusion: LDIR is accurate in the presence of multimodal intensity mismatch and CBCT noise contamination. Since LDIR is GPU based it can be implemented with minimal additional strain on clinical resources. This project has been supported by a CPRIT individual investigator award RP11032.« less
Cryptographic Checksums for Multilevel Database Security

The 1982 ilr Force Summer Study on Multilevel Data Management Security recommended several approaches to designing a multilevel secure database system. One of the approaches uses an untrusted database system to manage the data, and an isolated trusted filter to enforce security.The filter attaches a security classification label to each data record, computes an unforgeable cryptographic checksum over the record (including the label), and stores the checksum in the database.The checksum protects against modification to the data and its classification label.This paper discusses the implementation, security, and limitations of the approach.
A new approach for the formation of fused cyclooctane or cyclohexane rings

Abstract The intramolecular regioselective addition of unsymmetrical allylsilanes to conjugated dienones is shown to permit facile entry into 5-6, 6-6, 5-8, and 6-8 bicyclic ring systems.
Intercollegiate usage schedule and the impact resistance of used football helmet faceshields.

PURPOSE: Although new polycarbonate helmet faceshields can withstand impacts exceeding forces of 2,400 N, repeated impacts and ultraviolet radiation degrade the structural integrity. In this study, the impact resistances of unused, solar-radiated, and of game-used faceshields were analyzed. Also, Division 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association football programs were surveyed concerning their faceshield practices. METHODS: Impact resistance was tested by impacting faceshields with baseballs at velocities exceeding 67.1 m/s. Twenty-four new faceshields were exposed to southern daylight, 3 hours per day for 3 months before testing. Subsequent testing was performed on 60 game-used faceshields. Additionally, a faceshield utilization survey was distributed to 117 college programs. RESULTS: Solar-irradiated shields did not fail at maximum test velocity. The survivability of nonimpacted shields was greater than game-worn shields (P = 0.0003). Fifty-nine surveys were returned with 58 programs reporting faceshield use. Approximately 21 players per program use a faceshield. The main reason reported for use was aesthetic. Only 21% of reporting programs require a faceshield for players with reduced visual acuity in 1 eye. CONCLUSION: Faceshields lose impact resistance with typical use. Programs should incorporate a policy for replacement and require that players with reduced vision in at least 1 eye wear a faceshield. Keywords: American football; Language: en
Dynamic measurement of hydrogen storage/release properties of Mg doped with Pd nanoparticles using a tapered-element oscillating microbalance under flow conditions

A tapered-element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) has been applied to measure the hydrogen storage/release properties of magnesium without and with palladium nanoparticle dopant under continuous flow conditions. Compared with those measured by a volumetric method, TEOM provides more accurate and dynamic information on the hydrogen absorption and release behavior under continuous flow conditions in real time, which is important for the study of hydrogen storage materials and for the proper design of hydrogen storage devices for practical applications.
Injuries in a 1-Day Recreational Cycling Tour: Bike New York

Abstract Study objective: To describe injuries during a 1-day urban cycling tour. Methods: During the May 1996 "Bike New York" tour, we monitored EMS calls to identify injuries in a cohort of helmeted cyclists shielded from traffic. We collected demographic information from entry records, injury data from ambulance call reports, and follow-up on transported patients from telephone interviews with emergency physicians. Data were summarized using proportions, relative risks (RRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and χ 2 Results: Approximately 28,000 cyclists participated, of which 23,502 (84%) were officially registered. Sixty-eight percent of registered bicyclists were male, and 92% were between 18 and 55 years old. Of the 140 EMS calls made during the tour, 136 (97%) involved participants; this yielded an injury incidence of 5 per 1,000 riders, or 12 to 13 per 100,000 person-miles. Injury was more common among younger cyclists (RR=1.4 for age ≤35 years versus age >35 years; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.0; P P =.11). Injuries were mostly minor, but there were 7 concussions and 6 clavicle fractures; none of the 140 injuries was fatal. Thirty-eight calls resulted in ED transport, and 5 of these patients were admitted. Although EMS units were evenly distributed along the route, most EMS calls occurred in only 3 of the 7 zones ( P Conclusion: Injuries during the largest 1-day US cycling tour were uncommon. More data are needed to determine the relative importance of injury risk factors. Data collection during mass events may help guide distribution of EMS personnel. [Emond SD, Tayoun P, Bedolla JP, Camargo CA Jr: Injuries in a 1-day recreational cycling tour: Bike New York. Ann Emerg Med January 1999;33:56-61.]
BE/ME and E/P work better than ME/BE or P/E in regressions

Abstract Researchers often form ratios of variables to measure firm characteristics, but which ratios create the most powerful tests? For example, if we use ratios of book value of equity (BE) and market value of equity (ME), or earnings (E) and price (P), does it matter which variable appears in the denominator? Any variable in the denominator, when close to zero, creates outliers and is less likely to produce effective tests. Our tests, using data from 1972 to 2008, indicate the choice between reciprocals often produces significantly different outcomes. While ME/BE is a more commonly used control variable than BE/ME or LN(BE/ME), we find the latter two produce better results, even if the data are trimmed to mitigate the outlier problem. Similarly, using E/P generally produces better results than P/E, and while ratios with book value of assets (BA) in the numerator work better than those with it in the denominator, the difference is less pronounced than when BE or E is part of the ratio. While the focus of our empirical findings is on growth measures, the principal applies anytime a ratio has a denominator that is frequently near zero.
Percutaneous Pinning of Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Technique

Proximal humerus fractures are commonly seen, yet the treatment of many displaced fractures presents significant challenges. Complications related to humeral head vascularity have caused a recent interest in minimally invasive techniques for fracture fixation. The technique of closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of proximal humerus fractures is difficult and demanding, and careful attention must be paid to appropriate indications and technical considerations. This article discusses the indications and techniques for percutaneous fixation of proximal humerus fractures.
The effects of height of stubble left after simulated rotational grazing on regrowth of star grass.

Abstract Star grass (Cynodon aethiopicus cv. No. 2) was grazed to leave stubble of 5, 15 or 25 cm in height after grazing. In the first year (1972–73) 350 kg N and 39 kg P per ha, and in the second year (1974–75) 500 kg N and 39 kg P per ha, were applied. Grazing was done at 15‐day intervals although in the first year this was not always possible because of poor rainfall which affected growth. In both years amounts of herbage harvested above the three stubble heights decreased as the height of stubble left after grazing increased. The relative proportions of green leaf, dead leaf and stem were similar with all stubble heights although there was slightly less green leaf in the 5 cm stubble.
Epigenetic Regulation of Estrogen Receptor α Gene Expression in the Mouse Cortex during Early Postnatal Development

Estrogens play a critical role in brain development by acting on areas that express estrogen receptors. In the rodent cortex, estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) mRNA expression is high early in postnatal development but declines starting at postnatal day (PND) 10 and is virtually absent in the adult cortex. The mechanisms controlling this regulation are largely unknown. Methylation is important for gene silencing during development in many tissues, including the brain. In the present study, we examined the methylation status of ER alpha 5' untranslated exons during early postnatal development in male and female mice using methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing. Several regions of ER alpha promoter displayed a significant increase in methylation at PND 18 and 25 compared with PND 4. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) are important for the initiation and maintenance of methylation. Real-time PCR showed that DNMT3A, the de novo DNMT peaked at PND 10 and was decreased by PND 25. DNMT1, which is important for maintenance of methylation, increased across development and stayed high in adult cortex. The methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is also important for stabilization of methylation. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed a correlation between association of MeCP2 with ER alpha promoter and the increase in methylation and decrease in ER alpha expression after PND 10. In mice containing a mutant MeCP2 protein, ER alpha mRNA expression and promoter methylation patterns across development were different compared with wild-type mice. These data suggest that methylation of ER alpha promoters regulates ER alpha mRNA expression in the cortex during postnatal development in a MeCP2-dependent fashion.
Comparison of vegetation phenology in the western USA determined from reflected GPS microwave signals and NDVI

The normalized microwave reflection index (NMRI) is a measure of multipath scattering calculated daily from continuously operating GPS sites. GPS satellites transmit L-band microwave signals, and thus NMRI is sensitive to the amount of water in vegetation, not plant greenness or dry biomass. The sensing footprint is approximately 1000 m2, although reflections from a distance of hundreds of metres are important at some sites. NMRI exhibits clear seasonal variations that are linked to the changes in vegetation water content that accompany plant growth and senescence. In this paper, NMRI and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are compared for the period 2008–2012. NMRI data are derived from 184 GPS sites in the western USA. NDVI data are from the 250 m, 16-day pixel containing each GPS station. Amplitude of the annual growth cycle and correlation between NMRI and NDVI are estimated, with and without lags. Phenology metrics are calculated from both indices (i.e. the start of the growing season,...
Somatic cells regulate maternal mRNA translation and developmental competence of mouse oocytes

Germ cells divide and differentiate in a unique local microenvironment under the control of somatic cells. Signals released in this niche instruct oocyte reentry into the meiotic cell cycle. Once initiated, the progression through meiosis and the associated programme of maternal messenger RNA translation are thought to be cell autonomous. Here we show that translation of a subset of maternal mRNAs critical for embryo development is under the control of somatic cell inputs. Translation of specific maternal transcripts increases in oocytes cultured in association with somatic cells and is sensitive to EGF-like growth factors that act only on the somatic compartment. In mice deficient in amphiregulin, decreased fecundity and oocyte developmental competence is associated with defective translation of a subset of maternal mRNAs. These somatic cell signals that affect translation require activation of the PI(3)K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Thus, mRNA translation depends on somatic cell cues that are essential to reprogramme the oocyte for embryo development.