cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis identifies highly antigenic proteins in exosomes from M. tuberculosis-infected and culture filtrate protein-treated macrophages.

Exosomes are small 30-100 nm membrane vesicles released from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and function to promote intercellular communication. They are generated through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane and release of interluminal vesicles. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that macrophages infected with Mycobacterium release exosomes that promote activation of both innate and acquired immune responses; however, the components present in exosomes inducing these host responses were not defined. This study used LC-MS/MS to identify 41 mycobacterial proteins present in exosomes released from M. tuberculosis-infected J774 cells. Many of these proteins have been characterized as highly immunogenic. Further, since most of the mycobacterial proteins identified are actively secreted, we hypothesized that macrophages treated with M. tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) would release exosomes containing mycobacterial proteins. We found 29 M. tuberculosis proteins in exosomes released from CFP-treated J774 cells, the majority of which were also present in exosomes isolated from M. tuberculosis-infected cells. The exosomes from CFP-treated J774 cells could promote macrophage and dendritic cell activation as well as activation of naive T cells in vivo. These results suggest that exosomes containing M. tuberculosis antigens may be alternative approach to developing a tuberculosis vaccine.
In-situ nanomechanical characterization of electrochemical cycles in lithium ion batteries

This paper presents a bilayer cantilever for sensitive and quantitative measurements of mechanical stress during electrochemical cycling in lithium ion batteries. The fabricated MEMS cantilever with anode material was tested in a customized liquid cell and its deformation associated with stress during charge/discharge was monitored by a white light interferometer. During lithiation (Li ion insertion), the maximum compressive stress was -0.35GPa at the cell voltage 165mV. During delithiation, the maximum tensile stress was 0.5GPa at 370mV. Both occurred in the first cycle. When the cell voltage was below 100mV during lithiation, major film cracking occurred, which lead to relieving compressive stress. The overall stress showed gradual reduction over the rest of cycles.
Human prion diseases in the United States.

Background Prion diseases are a family of rare, progressive, neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals. The most common form of human prion disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), occurs worldwide. Variant CJD (vCJD), a recently emerged human prion disease, is a zoonotic foodborne disorder that occurs almost exclusively in countries with outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. This study describes the occurrence and epidemiology of CJD and vCJD in the United States. Methodology/Principal Findings Analysis of CJD and vCJD deaths using death certificates of US residents for 1979–2006, and those identified through other surveillance mechanisms during 1996–2008. Since CJD is invariably fatal and illness duration is usually less than one year, the CJD incidence is estimated as the death rate. During 1979 through 2006, an estimated 6,917 deaths with CJD as a cause of death were reported in the United States, an annual average of approximately 247 deaths (range 172–304 deaths). The average annual age-adjusted incidence for CJD was 0.97 per 1,000,000 persons. Most (61.8%) of the CJD deaths occurred among persons ≥65 years of age for an average annual incidence of 4.8 per 1,000,000 persons in this population. Most deaths were among whites (94.6%); the age-adjusted incidence for whites was 2.7 times higher than that for blacks (1.04 and 0.40, respectively). Three patients who died since 2004 were reported with vCJD; epidemiologic evidence indicated that their infection was acquired outside of the United States. Conclusion/Significance Surveillance continues to show an annual CJD incidence rate of about 1 case per 1,000,000 persons and marked differences in CJD rates by age and race in the United States. Ongoing surveillance remains important for monitoring the stability of the CJD incidence rates, and detecting occurrences of vCJD and possibly other novel prion diseases in the United States.
The Sensory Neurons of Touch

The somatosensory system decodes a wide range of tactile stimuli and thus endows us with a remarkable capacity for object recognition, texture discrimination, sensory-motor feedback and social exchange. The first step leading to perception of innocuous touch is activation of cutaneous sensory neurons called low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs). Here, we review the properties and functions of LTMRs, emphasizing the unique tuning properties of LTMR subtypes and the organizational logic of their peripheral and central axonal projections. We discuss the spinal cord neurophysiological representation of complex mechanical forces acting upon the skin and current views of how tactile information is processed and conveyed from the spinal cord to the brain. An integrative model in which ensembles of impulses arising from physiologically distinct LTMRs are integrated and processed in somatotopically aligned mechanosensory columns of the spinal cord dorsal horn underlies the nervous system's enormous capacity for perceiving the richness of the tactile world.
Modeling Sandstone Velocities Using Direct Observations of Pore Geometry

This behavior was observed in kerosene saturated sandstones by King (1966). For the P-wave velocity, the saturated velocities are higher than the dry velocities at all pressures. Both dry and saturated VP and V, increases significantly with pressure. With this kind of data available, we can then use the data to test existing theories for velocities of porous rocks. One such commonly used theory is that of Gassmann (19.51). In Figure 2, we plotted the saturated velocities predicted by Gassmann’s equation (dotted lines) together with the data. The dry bulk modulus was used as the Gassmann frame modulus. In Gassmann’s formulation, the shear moduli of the dry and saturated rocks are taken to be equal, the differences in V,y coming only from the density changes. As can be seen from the data, one cannot fit the observed saturated velocities using Gassmann’s equation. We also fitted the dry and saturated V,, and V, using the inversion technique of Cheng and Toksiiz (1979). based on the velocity model of Kuster and Toksiiz (1974), by using a spectrum of different aspect ratio ellipsoidal cracks. The change in porosity with pressure predicted by the results of the inversion agrees with the observed porosity change to better than 0.1 percent in porosity over the entire pressure range of 0 to I kb. It is thus clear that the model of Kuster and Toksiiz can best predict the velocities of porous rocks under different saturation conditions.
Accuracy in Judgments of Aggressiveness

Perceivers are both accurate and biased in their understanding of others. Past research has distinguished between three types of accuracy: generalized accuracy, a perceiver's accuracy about how a target interacts with others in general; perceiver accuracy, a perceiver's view of others corresponding with how the perceiver is treated by others in general; and dyadic accuracy, a perceiver's accuracy about a target when interacting with that target. Researchers have proposed that there should be more dyadic than other forms of accuracy among well-acquainted individuals because of the pragmatic utility of forecasting the behavior of interaction partners. We examined behavioral aggression among well-acquainted peers. A total of 116 9-year-old boys rated how aggressive their classmates were toward other classmates. Subsequently, 11 groups of 6 boys each interacted in play groups, during which observations of aggression were made. Analyses indicated strong generalized accuracy yet little dyadic and perceiver accu...
Conformational changes of albumins from various species by the microsomal fraction of liver of the house mouse, Mus musculus

Abstract 1. 1. The microsomal fraction of the liver of the house mouse, Mus musculus , strain SWR/J, but not C 3 H/HeJ, converted horse serum albumin to a band that migrated faster electrophoretically. 2. 2. Other mammalian albumins were also converted, but avian albumins were not. 3. 3. Strains also differed in conversion of albumin by lung, small intestine and kidney, but not brain, heart or spleen.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Conventional Cytogenetics, FISH, and Moleculocentric Methodologies

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex group of hematologic neoplasms characterized by distinctive morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic abnormalities. However, it has become evident that genetic aberrations are central to the genesis of AML and have assumed an increasingly relevant role in the classification of AML. Here we discuss hallmark recurrent translocations that define specific World Health Organization (WHO) entities and other frequently encountered genetic aberrations that do not (yet) define specific entities. Additionally, we discuss emerging technologies and their application to the discovery of new abnormalities and to their potential role in the future diagnosis and classification of AML.
Linear Analysis of the Vectorial Network Model

In this brief, we analyze the local stochastic dynamics of a recently proposed network-based model of collective behavior in systems of self-propelled particles. In this model, each agent is assimilated to a 2-D unit vector, whose orientation changes in a discrete time setting as a result of noisy interactions with neighboring agents. The process of neighbor selection is stochastic, whereby each agent averages its orientation with a randomly chosen subset of neighbors. We linearize the model in the neighborhood of its ordered state, where all the vectors share the same orientation, and study the effect of noise on the system response. Closed-form results are validated against numerical simulations for small and large networks.
The scattering of sound waves by an obstacle

In this paper we study the scattering of acoustic waves by an obstacle . We establish the following relation between the scattering kernel S(s, θ, ω) and the support function h of the obstacle: The right endpoint of the support of S(s, θ, ω) as function of s is h(θ-ω); h is defined by For Dirichlet boundary condition the result is proved in full generality, for Neumann condition only for backscattering, i.e., for θ = -ω. Since the convex hull of can be recovered from knowledge of h, the above result may be useful in reconstructing from scattering data.
Visualization and Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics Using Dual Color-Coded Display of Plus-End Labels

Investigating spatial and temporal control of microtubule dynamics in live cells is critical to understanding cell morphogenesis in development and disease. Tracking fluorescently labeled plus-end-tracking proteins over time has become a widely used method to study microtubule assembly. Here, we report a complementary approach that uses only two images of these labels to visualize and analyze microtubule dynamics at any given time. Using a simple color-coding scheme, labeled plus-ends from two sequential images are pseudocolored with different colors and then merged to display color-coded ends. Based on object recognition algorithms, these colored ends can be identified and segregated into dynamic groups corresponding to four events, including growth, rescue, catastrophe, and pause. Further analysis yields not only their spatial distribution throughout the cell but also provides measurements such as growth rate and direction for each labeled end. We have validated the method by comparing our results with ground-truth data derived from manual analysis as well as with data obtained using the tracking method. In addition, we have confirmed color-coded representation of different dynamic events by analyzing their history and fate. Finally, we have demonstrated the use of the method to investigate microtubule assembly in cells and provided guidance in selecting optimal image acquisition conditions. Thus, this simple computer vision method offers a unique and quantitative approach to study spatial regulation of microtubule dynamics in cells.
Coupled heat transfer to workpiece, wheel and fluid in grinding, and the occurrence of workpiece burn

Abstract A model of heat transfer in grinding was previously developed which predicts the temperature in the grinding zone. This model is used here to predict the occurrence of film boiling of the grinding fluid, and to determine whether or not workpiece burn would subsequently occur. Both film boiling and workpiece burn are assumed to occur at critical grinding zone temperatures. The effects of various parameters are explored, such as fluid and abrasive grain types, and conventional or creep feed grinding conditions.
Deformation and Breakup of Water Droplets near an Airfoil Leading Edge

Thisworkpresents the results of an experimental study on droplet deformation and breakupnear the leading edge of an airfoil. The experiment was conducted in the rotating rig test cell at the National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA) inMadrid, Spain. An airfoil model placed at the end of the rotating armwas moved at speeds of 50 to 90 m=s. Amonosized droplet generatorwas employed to produce droplets that were allowed to fall fromabove, perpendicular to the path of the airfoil at a given location. High-speed imaging was employed to observe the interaction between the droplets and the airfoil. The high-speed imaging allowed observation of droplet deformation and breakup as the droplet approached the airfoil near the stagnation line. A tracking software programwas used to measure, from the high-speed movies, the horizontal and vertical displacement of the droplet against time. The velocity, acceleration,Weber number, Bond number, Reynolds number, and drag coefficients were calculated along the path of a given droplet from the beginning of the deformation to the breakup and/or hitting of the airfoil. Results are presented for droplets with a diameter of 490 m at airfoil speeds of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 m=s.
In vivo reconstitution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon in insect cells - Purification and characterization

DNA polymerase epsilon (pol epsilon) is a multiple subunit complex consisting of at least four proteins, including catalytic Po12p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Pol epsilon has been shown to play essential roles in chromosomal DNA replication. Here, we report reconstitution of the yeast pol epsilon complex, which was expressed and purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells. During the purification, we were able to resolve the pol epsilon complex and truncated Po12p (140 kDa), as was observed initially with the pol epsilon purified from yeast. Biochemical characterization of subunit stoichiometry, salt sensitivity, processivity, and stimulation by proliferating cell nuclear antigen indicates that the reconstituted pol epsilon is functionally identical to native pol epsilon purified from yeast and is therefore useful for biochemical characterization of the interactions of pol epsilon with other replication, recombination, and repair proteins. Identification and characterization of a proliferating cell nuclear antigen consensus interaction domain on Po12p indicates that the motif is dispensable for DNA replication but is important for methyl methanesulfonate damage-induced DNA repair. Analysis of the putative zinc finger domain of Po12p for zinc binding capacity demonstrates that it binds zinc. Mutations of the conserved cysteines in the putative zinc finger domain reduced zinc binding, indicating that cysteine ligands are directly involved in binding zinc.
Feedback stabilization of a multimode two-stream instability

Various theoretical schemes for the feedback stabilization of a multimode two-stream instability in a finite one-dimensional plasma are presented. The system under consideration is the fluid analog of the symmetric 'bump on the tail' Vlasov plasma. The most promising feedback scheme involves sensing the total density perturbation and feeding back an appropriate charge. It is shown that by proper choice of feedback parameters in a single feedback loop, all unstable modes can be stabilized without destabilizing any modes which were previously stable.
Variation in Valve Morphology During the Life Cycle of the Marine Diatom Coscinodiscus concinnus

Abstract In cultures, three morphological phases can be recognized during the life cycle of Coscinodiscus concinnus W. Smith. Shells of the post-auxospore phase are typical of C. concinnus. Shells of the intermediate phase are typical of C. granii Gough. Shells of the pre-auxospore phase possess a distinct morphology which has not heretofore been described. Of the two validly published names which have been applied to different stages in the life history of this species C. concinnus W. Smith (1856) takes priority over C. granii Gough (1905) as the correct name.
Radial shock wave therapy® for equine orthopedic problems

It seems these days it has become increasingly difficult to keep up with the latest in equine lameness, whether it's with regard to diagnosis or to treatment. With the arrival of each new periodical we are inevitably introduced to yet another new treatment or diagnostic tool addressing conditions ranging from the bowed tendon to navicular disease. It is at times too much to consider but yet so critical to keep pace and to know what all is in the arsenal. One such therapeutic innovation that has recently got people talking is Radial Shock Wave Therapy. Radial Shock Wave Therapy, which utilizes shock waves to treat a variety of orthopedic conditions, was introduced to the United States veterinary world one year ago by EMS Electro Medical Systems of Nyon, Switzerland, whose U.S. office is based in Dallas, TX (www.ems-medicalamerica.com). The EMS Corporation has long been a leader in shock wave technology both in intracorporeal lithotripsy (used for stone management in the ureter, kidney and bladder) and in extracorporeal shock wave therapy for orthopedic indications (heel spur, tennis elbow and calcified shoulder) in human medicine. The EMS veterinary device is called the Swiss DolorClast | Vet System and has been installed in a number of equine practices and referral clinics all over the world. These clinics are currently collaborating on an international, multicenter, controlled study with a long-term follow up. More recently, our institute, the Rochester Equine Clinic, Rochester, New Hampshire, joined this study group and began "calling for cases." Clinical applications thus far include microfractures of the third metacarpal
Expression for restricted partition function through Bernoulli polynomials

Explicit expressions for restricted partition function W(s,dm) and its quasiperiodic components Wj(s,dm) (called Sylvester waves) for a set of positive integers dm={d1,d2,…,dm} are derived. The formulas are represented in a form of a finite sum over Bernoulli polynomials of higher order with periodic coefficients.
The ethanol withdrawal syndrome: a consequence of lack of substrate for a cerebral Krebs-cycle

The hypothesis is advanced that the ethanol withdrawal syndrome is a manifestation of dependence by a cerebral Krebs-cycle on substrates which are readily available during ethanol addiction but which are relatively unavailable during withdrawal.
RCAN1 (DSCR1 or Adapt78)* stimulates expression of GSK‐3β

The RCAN1 protein (previously called calcipressin 1 or MCIP1) binds to calcineurin, a serine/threonine phosphatase (PP2B), and inhibits its activity. Here we demonstrate that regulated overexpression of an RCAN1transgene (this gene was previously called DSCR1 or Adapt78) also stimulates expression of the GSK-3β kinase, which can antagonize the action of calcineurin. We also show that GSK-3β is regulated by RCAN1 at a post-transcriptional level. In humans, high RCAN1 expression is found in the brain, where at least two mRNA isoforms have been reported. Therefore, we further investigated expression of the various RCAN1 isoforms, resulting from differential splicing and alternative promotors in human brain. We detected at least three distinct RCAN1s: RCAN1-1 Short at 31 kDa (RCAN1-1S), RCAN1-1 Long at 38 kDa (RCAN1-1 L), and RCAN1-4. Furthermore, the levels of RCAN1-1S, but not RCAN1-1 L or RCAN1-4 correlated with the levels of GSK-3β. This suggests that RCAN1-1S might induce production of GSK-3βin vivo. While RCAN1s can regulate calcineurin and GSK-3β, it has also been shown that calcineurin and GSK-3β can regulate RCAN1s. Here we propose a new model (incorporating all these findings) in which cells maintain an equilibrium between RCAN1s, calcineurin, and GSK-3β.
Hindlimb unloading increases oxidative stress and disrupts antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle disuse with space-flight and ground-based models (e.g., hindlimb unloading) results in dramatic skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness. Pathological conditions that cause muscle wasting (i.e., heart failure, muscular dystrophy, sepsis, COPD, cancer) are characterized by elevated "oxidative stress," where antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed by oxidant production. However, the existence, cellular mechanisms, and ramifications of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle subjected to hindlimb unloading are poorly understood. Thus we examined the effects of hindlimb unloading on hindlimb muscle antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), nonenzymatic antioxidant scavenging capacity (ASC), total hydroperoxides, and dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) oxidation, a direct indicator of oxidative stress. Twelve 6 month old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: 28 d of hindlimb unloading (n = 6) and controls (n = 6). Hindlimb unloading resulted in a small decrease in Mn-superoxide dismutase activity (10.1%) in the soleus muscle, while Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase increased 71.2%. In contrast, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant enzymes that remove hydroperoxides, were significantly reduced in the soleus with hindlimb unloading by 54.5 and 16.1%, respectively. Hindlimb unloading also significantly reduced ASC. Hindlimb unloading increased soleus lipid hydroperoxide levels by 21.6% and hindlimb muscle DCFH-DA oxidation by 162.1%. These results indicate that hindlimb unloading results in a disruption of antioxidant status, elevation of hydroperoxides, and an increase in oxidative stress.
Anomalous minimum in the shear viscosity of a Fermi gas.

We measure the static shear viscosity $\ensuremath{\eta}$ in a two-component Fermi gas near a broad collisional (Feshbach) resonance, as a function of interaction strength and energy. We find that $\ensuremath{\eta}$ has both a quadratic and a linear dependence on the interaction strength $1/({k}_{FI}a)$, where $a$ is the $s$-wave scattering length and ${k}_{FI}$ is the Fermi wave vector for an ideal gas at the trap center. For energies above the superfluid transition, the minimum in $\ensuremath{\eta}$ as a function of interaction strength is significantly shifted toward the BEC side of resonance, to $1/({k}_{FI}a)\ensuremath{\simeq}0.25$.
Fostering Scholarly Discussion and Critical Thinking in the Political Science Classroom

This article suggests strategies for promoting scholarly discussion and critical thinking in political science classes. When scholars study politics they are engaged in an investigation into the dynamics of governance, not a debate over personal political beliefs. The problem with a politicized classroom is that it gives students a false impression of what constitutes the study of politics and the discipline of political science. Discussion in political science classes should not be drearily dull affairs centered on dry topics that put students to sleep and dampen their interest in politics. However, neither does classroom discussion have to rely on appeals to personally held political convictions to spark students' interest. Exciting and lively classroom discussion can be had by emphasizing the dynamic theoretical debates and empirical investigations that are a part of the discipline of political science.
The green revolution: plants as heterologous expression vectors

Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer into the plant genome laid the groundwork for new procedures aimed at crop improvement, including resistance to pathogens, increased product yield, modified oil content, and resistance to environmental stress conditions. New developments in molecular plant virology have led to the generation of plant-based systems for transient expression of foreign sequences using plant virus vectors. In the last decade both transgenic plants and plant virus vectors have been used increasingly to produce a wide range of biomedical reagents, including vaccine antigens, in a safe and economically feasible manner. These new plant-based technologies have enormous potential for a variety of applications, including the oral delivery of vaccine antigens.
CREB modulates excitability of nucleus accumbens neurons

Drugs of abuse cause activation of the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Expression of active CREB in rat NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) increased their excitability, whereas dominant-negative CREB had the opposite effect. Decreasing excitability of NAc MSNs in vivo by overexpression of potassium channels enhanced locomotor responses to cocaine, suggesting that the increased NAc MSN excitability caused by CREB helped to limit behavioral sensitivity to cocaine.
University‐Industry Relationships in Colleges of Agriculture and Life Sciences: The Role of Women Faculty*

An increasing amount of research has been dedicated to studying university-industry relationships (UIRs). Researchers have studied the impacts of UIRs on the integrity of university research. However, while studies have examined the attitudes and actions of university administration and industry leaders with respect to UIRs, limited attention has been devoted to the attitudes and actions of women faculty. Drawing on feminist epistemology and academic capitalism research, we develop and test four hypotheses about gender and UIRs. We use Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) and data from a nationwide survey of land-grant agricultural and life scientists to examine perceptions of UIRs and individual-level ties to private industry among male and female faculty in different academic disciplines. Although we find no significant gender differences in perceptions of UIRs, our results indicate women have fewer ties to industry compared to men when controlling for individual-and discipline-level characteristics. In particular, industry funding of scientific research and consulting for private firms appear to disproportionately favor men over women. We also find that discipline-level industry ties influence scientists' attitudes and industry linkages, suggesting the existence of different disciplinary cultures with respect to UIRs. We recommend researchers, policymakers, and others interested in understanding the growth of academic capitalism, as well as the gender gap in science, pursue more in-depth investigation of the interaction between gender, academic discipline, and UIRs. Language: en
Memory Ordering of Survival Functions

A new partial ordering among life distributions in terms of their memories of aging is introduced. The relationship between this ordering and various existing orderings of life distributions are discussed. For example, it is shown that there is no relationship between memory ordering and failure rate ordering. Statistical procedure is developed to verify whether one survival function [ILM0001] has less (more) memory than the other survival function [ILM0002]
Core ionization potentials in dimethyl ether and methyl amine

Abstract The ionization potentials for core electrons in dimethyl ether and methyl amine have been measured. For carbon 1s electrons the values are 292.25(4) eV for the ether and 291.60(4) eV for the amine. The nitrogen 1s ionization potential is 405.15(4) eV; that for oxygen is 538.59(4) eV. The two ionization potentials for the ether are very close to those that have been reported for the related compound methanol. Those for methyl amine reflect the fact that nitrogen is more electro-negative than carbon. The carbon 1s ionization potential in methyl amine together with the equivalent cores approximation gives an estimate of 169 kcal/mole for the heat of formation of N 2 H 5 + . The corresponding proton affinity for hydrazine is 221 kcal/mole, very close to that of ammonia, 214 kcal/mole. The large shifts of nitrogen and oxygen core ionization potentials relative to N 2 and O 2 may be due to unusually low relaxation energies for the diatomic molecules rather than to high negative charges on the atoms in the respective compounds. Since different methods for estimating relaxation energies give results differing by as much as 6 eV, it is not possible to say which is the more important effect.
Rapid gastric ulceration in a modified two-way shuttlebox

A modification of the standard two-way shuttlebox procedure resulted in extensive gastric erosions within a 1-h testing period. The results suggest that the uncertainty regarding the onset and termination of shock in combination with the spatial conflict induced by this situation lead to severe psychological stress.
On Instability of Overhung Centrifugal Compressors

This paper describes the synchronous vibration instability problem that occurred on a series of large overhung centrifugal compressors. The first part of this paper deals with the identification and display of the instability phenomenon: cyclic vibration amplitude variations and phase angle rotation occuring during testing of overhung centrifugal compressors. After numerical simulations and analysis of the test results, the bearing design has been identified as the cause of the problem. The second part describes the numerical study of the instability of the compressor. This problem is related to the eccentricity of the shaft in the bearing and to the shape of its orbit. We have investigated and propose different solutions to avoid this unstable dynamic behavior. These solutions have been tested on different compressors and have confirmed the results of the numerical analysis. The third part reminds a link between the thermal effect occurring in the bearings, the numerical results and the tested dynamic behavior of the compressor.Recently, some authors such as Keogh et al. (1994) and Liebich et al. (1994) have noticed and studied this unstable behavior. Althougth the nature of the phenomenon seems to be known (de Jongh et al., 1984) (Faulkner et al., 1997a, 1997b), no universal technical solution to this important problem has been found. The contribution of this work is to present another case of the influence of the thermal effect on the dynamic behavior of an overhung compressor. We present the typical symptoms of the phenomenon, explain it, and propose the solutions we have used to avoid the problem.Copyright © 1999 by ASME
Network news coverage of school shootings

Abstract School shootings have become a subject of intense national debate. The present study is a content analysis and interpretation of television evening newscast coverage of these crimes. The focus is on ABC, CBS, and NBC nightly newscasts. Findings from this research support two propositions: that the most violent school shootings receive the most media coverage, and that the reporting of school shooting cases on network newscasts reflect the “herd mentality” nature of the media.
Oral antiplatelet therapy in PCI patients.

The use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease has expanded rapidly in the past decade. Despite the extensive technological advancements in the field, pharmacotherapy has remained a cornerstone in the overall treatment strategy. Oral antiplatelet therapy has become an essential component of therapy with acute coronary syndromes and in PCI by improving clinical outcomes. This article reviews the antiplatelet options for patients undergoing PCI, including aspirin, ADP receptor blockers, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Estrogen improves performance of reinforced T-maze alternation and prevents the amnestic effects of scopolamine administered systemically or intrahippocampally.

In a previous study, administration of high doses of estradiol benzoate (100 μg/kg for 3 days im) to ovariectomized Long-Evans rats counteracted impairments of reinforced T-maze alternation induced by systemic administration of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker. In the current study, daily administration of lower doses of estradiol benzoate (5 μg/kg for 3 weeks sc) increased the number of correct reinforced alternations during T-maze acquisition in ovariectomized rats compared to oil-treated controls and prevented impairments of reinforced alternation induced by injection of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.2 mg/kg ip). Furthermore, scopolamine (20 μg) delivered bilaterally to the dorsal hippocampus reduced reinforced T-maze alternation in ovariectomized rats previously trained to complete this task while daily treatment with estradiol benzoate (5 μg/kg sc) for 1 week prior to scopolamine infusion counteracted this impairment. In summary, physiological levels of estrogen improved performance during acquisition of reinforced T-maze alternation and prevented impairments induced by scopolamine administered systemically or intrahippocampally.
Community colleges and the workforce investment act: Promises and problems of the new vocationalism

The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of July 1, 2000 significantly changed the national system of job training and workforce development in the United States and considered community colleges as a critical factor in the success of the legislation. The legislation aims to prepare low-income citizens for more economically secure employment. The author's review of the WIA legislation reveals some innovative work in line with the new vocationalism to meet the educational needs of low-income clients but highlights the failure to realise many of the features of the new vocationalism in the implementation of WIA.
Dynamic Operator Overload: A Model for Predicting Workload During Supervisory Control

Crandall and Cummings & Mitchell introduced fan-out as a measure of the maximum number of robots a single human operator can supervise in a given single-human-multiple-robot system. Fan-out is based on the time constraints imposed by limitations of the robots and of the supervisor, e.g., limitations in attention. Adapting their work, we introduced a dynamic model of operator overload that predicts failures in supervisory control in real time, based on fluctuations in time constraints and in the supervisor's allocation of attention, as assessed by eye fixations. Operator overload was assessed by damage incurred by unmanned aerial vehicles when they traversed hazard areas. The model generalized well to variants of the baseline task. We then incorporated the model into the system where it predicted in real time, when an operator would fail to prevent vehicle damage and alerted the operator to the threat at those times. These model-based adaptive cues reduced the damage rate by one-half relative to a control condition with no cues.
Ostrowski-Traub nonlinear iterative methods are not optimal in the sense of s-order of convergence

Abstract We provide an iterative method which is of S-order 5, but N-order 4. We also give a numerical example to illustrate the theoretical conclusions.
Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging: Report of a case

A case of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with extracapsular extension is described. Temporomandibular joint magnetic resonance imaging proved invaluable in establishing a definitive diagnosis.
Studies in the eupatorieae (Compositae). XVI a monograph of the genus Decachaeta DC

The previously monotypic genusDecachaeta DC. has been enlarged to include five additional species that have been placed in eitherEupatorium orOphryosporus. A new subgenus,Polydenia, has been established for these, with four new combinations,Decachaeta incompta, D. ovatifolia, D. scabrella, andD. thieleana, and one new variety,D. scabrella var.macvaughii. A key and descriptions are included
Local invasion in adenomatoid tumors

Twelve adenomatoid tumors of the male genital tract are reported; three of them locally invaded the adjacent testis. These cases are compared with two previously reported instances of invasion. No evidence has been found to suggest that those tumors showing local invasion behave differently from the usual adenomatoid tumors. The presence of such invasion should be recognized as a problem in frozen section diagnosis. In view of these observations only local excision of the tumor appears to be indicated.
Asymptotic distributions of error density and distribution function estimators in nonparametric regression

This paper considers the problem of estimating the error density and distribution functions in nonparametric regression models. The asymptotic distribution of a suitably standardized density estimator at a fixed point is shown to be normal while that of the maximum of a suitably normalized deviation of the density estimator from the true density function is the same as in the case of the one sample set up. Finally, the standardized residual empirical process is shown to be uniformly close to the similarly standardized empirical process of the errors. This paper thus generalizes some of the well known results about the residual density estimators and the empirical process in parametric regression models to nonparametric regression models, thereby enhancing the domain of their applications.
Efficient Parallel Gouraud Shading and Linear Interpolation over Triangles

A parallel raster algorithm to draw Gouraud shaded triangles is presented. At the heart of the algorithm is a new constrained parallel edge-traversal technique. This parallel traversal represents an increased level of parallelism compared to the existing solutions. Next, traditional algorithms take different amounts of time to advance from one horizontal span to another for the left edge and the right edge of the triangle when the slope of one of the edges is more than one and that of the other edge is less than one. This causes one processor to wait for another processor. The parallel constrained edge traversal technique removes this problem by directly jumping from one span to the next. It also ensures that adjacent triangles that share an edge do not share any pixels. Moreover, no cracks occur between adjacent polygons. Unlike some existing algorithms whose complexity depends on the size of the bounding box of the triangle, the complexity of our algorithm is solely dependenton the perimeter and area of the triangle. Due to the above features, the algorithm presented here exposes a greater degree of parallelism at considerably lesser cost and achieves better processor utilization, compared to existing algorithms for this problem1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The algorithm is well suited for hardware implementation.
Model of a conductimetric urea sensor

A model for predicting the response of a conductimetric urea sensor was developed. The sensor under consideration is formed by immobilizing the enzyme urease onto the surface of a planar interdigitated electrode array. The analysis combines a mass transport model with an electromagnetic fields model for calculating interelectrode impedance. The transport model was used to determine the evolution of charged reaction products in time and space. Interelectrode impedance was calculated from the resulting ionic conductivity profiles using the fields model. The calibration curve resulting from the model predictions was in good agreement with experimental data, using a single adjustable parameter. >
Pressure Pain Sensitivity and Insular Combined Glutamate and Glutamine (Glx) Are Associated with Subsequent Clinical Response to Sham But Not Traditional Acupuncture in Patients Who Have Chronic Pain.

Abstract Background: Clinical trials of acupuncture in chronic pain have largely failed to demonstrate efficacy of traditional over sham acupuncture. However, it should be noted that sham acupuncture is not inert. Objective: To determine if experimental-pressure pain assessment and chemical neuroimaging can identify differential responsiveness to sham as opposed to traditional acupuncture. Patients and Intervention: Fifty patients with fibromyalgia were randomized to either 9 traditional (TA) or sham (SA) acupuncture treatments over a period of 4 weeks. Both participants and assessors were blinded. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were pressure-pain sensitivity at the thumbnail, insular glutamate+glutamine (Glx), and clinical pain. Results: Patients with low pain sensitivity (LPS), but not with high pain sensitivity (HPS), had a significantly reduced clinical pain response to SA (change in mean [standard deviation (SD)]: HPS −8.65 [7.91]; LPS −2.14 [6.68]; p=0.03). This relationship was no...
Use of K2O, Rb, Zr, and Y versus SiO2 in volcanic ash layers of the eastern Mediterranean to trace their source

The two main provinces of Pleistocene tephra eruption in the Mediterranean Sea are the eastern half of the Hellenic arc, represented by calc-alkalic and weakly alkalic material, and the Neapolitan area, represented by high-K 2 O material. Of twenty distinctive ash layers that have been identified in Pleistocene deep-sea cores of the eastern Mediterranean, one is calc-alkalic ash that originated in the Minoan eruption of Santorini at about 3500 B.P., and another is trachytic ash that originated in the Citara-Serrara eruption on Ischia Island at about 25,000 B.P. Rb, Zr, and Y content has been analyzed in the upper and the lower ash from both the land and deep-sea cores and in three tephra deposits from the east Hellenic volcanoes of Nisyros, Yali, and Kos. In addition to the K 2 O/SiO 2 ratio, values of the trace elements Rb, Zr, and Y versus SiO 2 in the ash layers can be used in correlating the ash layers and in tracing the source of ash. All relative K 2 O, Rb, Zr, and Y contents can be used to trace the source of ash to one of the two main provinces of tephra eruption. Zr and Y are most useful for identifying individual volcanoes as sources. Good agreement of chemical analyses of correlatable samples of the two ash layers from land and deep-sea cores argues against major alteration of the glass shards or a measurable cation exchange between glass shards and sea water on the time scale of 25,000 yr.
ENose Toolbox: application to array optimization including electronic measurement and noise effects for composite polymer chemiresistors

The impact of the choice of measurement circuit and of thermal noise on the resolving power (discrimination capability) of an array of composite polymer chemiresistors is presented. Semi-empirical models for the composite polymer resistors are used to simulate the behavior of these chemical sensors in a working array using a general purpose simulation tool (the ENose Toolbox). Results show that (a) measurement circuits that reduce or eliminate the effects of the baseline resistance have higher resolving power than those circuits that retain baseline information and (b) thermal noise impacts the resolving power of arrays that contain chemiresistors of lower sensitivity
Hepatic triglyceride and lipoprotein lipase activities of post-heparin plasma in normals and hypertriglyceridemics.

Post-heparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were 8–34 and 3.5–21 (range) μmol/ml/hr respectively in males with normal serum lipid concentrations. In females the corresponding values were 4–25 and 4–16 μmol/ml/hr. No significant differences were observed between ages or between the two sexes.Male patients with hypertriglyceridaemia had similar activities of H-TGL but significantly lower values for LPL activities than the control males.Significant linear correlations were found between serum triglyceride concentrations and LPL activities both for males (coefficient of correlation = r = −0.64) and for females (r = −0.62).
On solving univariate sparse polynomials in logarithmic time

Let f be a degree D univariate polynomial with real coefficients and exactly m monomial terms. We show that in the special case m = 3 we can approximate within e all the roots of f in the interval [0,R] using just O(log(D)log(D log R/e)) arithmetic operations. In particular, we can count the number of roots in any bounded interval using just O(log2 D) arithmetic operations. Our speed-ups are significant and near-optimal: The asymptotically sharpest previous complexity upper bounds for both problems were super-linear in D, while our algorithm has complexity close to the respective complexity lower bounds. We also discuss conditions under which our algorithms can be extended to general m, and a connection to a real analogue of Smale's 17th Problem.
Income and wealth heterogeneity in the voluntary provision of linear public goods

This paper examines the effect of income and wealth heterogeneity in the voluntary provision of a linear public good. We use models of inequality aversion and altruism to predict behavior in our setting. Our results are not consistent with these models, however; our experimental results suggest that less wealthy subjects give the same absolute amount (and more as a percentage of their income) as the more wealthy.
Murine forkhead/winged helix genes Foxc1 (Mf1) and Foxc2 (Mfh1) are required for the early organogenesis of the kidney and urinary tract.

The murine genes, Foxc1 and Foxc2 (previously, Mf1 and Mfh1), encode forkhead/winged helix transcription factors with virtually identical DNA-binding domains and overlapping expression patterns in various embryonic tissues. Foxc1/Mf1 is disrupted in the mutant, congenital hydrocephalus (Foxc1/Mf1(ch)), which has multiple developmental defects. We show here that, depending on the genetic background, most Foxc1 homozygous mutants are born with abnormalities of the metanephric kidney, including duplex kidneys and double ureters, one of which is a hydroureter. Analysis of embryos reveals that Foxc1 homozygotes have ectopic mesonephric tubules and ectopic anterior ureteric buds. Moreover, expression in the intermediate mesoderm of Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf), a primary inducer of the ureteric bud, is expanded more anteriorly in Foxc1 homozygous mutants compared with wild type. These findings support the hypothesis of Mackie and Stephens concerning the etiology of duplex kidney and hydroureter in human infants with congenital kidney abnormalities (Mackie, G. G. and Stephens, F. G. (1975) J. Urol. 114, 274–280). Previous studies established that most Foxc1(lacZ)Foxc2(tm1) compound heterozygotes have the same spectrum of cardiovascular defects as single homozygous null mutants, demonstrating interaction between the two genes in the cardiovascular system. Here, we show that most compound heterozygotes have hypoplastic kidneys and a single hydroureter, while all heterozygotes are normal. This provides evidence that the two genes interact in kidney as well as heart development.