cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observation of enhanced excitation of I 2 2+ by strong laser fields

Using pump-probe spectroscopy with ultrashort laser pulses, we see an enhancement of the charge-asymmetric dissociation (CAD) channel, ${({{\mathrm{I}}_{2}}^{2+})}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{I}}^{2+}+\mathrm{I}$, over a narrow range of internuclear separation. The enhancement of the CAD channel appears to come from the excitation of the symmetric ground state dissociation channel $({\mathrm{I}}^{+}+{\mathrm{I}}^{+})$ for two reasons. First, there is a depletion in the symmetric channel at approximately the same pump-probe delay as the asymmetric enhancement. Second, for a fixed delay, the asymmetric channel increases as a function of probe intensity while the symmetric channel decreases. In addition, we find that the kinetic energy of the extra ${\mathrm{I}}^{2+}+\mathrm{I}$ ions decreases for increasing delay. To explain this dependence of the kinetic energy release on delay, we introduce model potential energy curves. Based on these curves, we conclude that the excitation is produced by a resonant three-photon transition within ${{\mathrm{I}}_{2}}^{2+}$ rather than by ionization of ${{I}_{2}}^{+}$.
Photothermal-assisted fabrication of iron fluoride-graphene composite paper cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

A facile route that combines co-assembly and photothermal reduction was developed to synthesize free-standing, flexible FeF3–graphene papers. The papers contain well-dispersed FeF3 nanoparticles and open diffusion channels in a porous, electrically conducting network of graphene sheets, and demonstrate promising applications as cathodes in high-energy density Li-ion batteries.
Evaluating the potential for dendrochronological analysis of live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) from the urban and rural environment—An explorative study

Abstract Live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) is a long lived, broadleaf, evergreen species native to the lower Coastal Plain of the southern and southeastern United States and is frequently planted in the urban environment. However, live oak has received limited attention for its potential for dendrochronological analyses possibly because its growth-ring boundaries may be less defined due to the absence of a distinct dormancy period. The objective of this explorative study was to determine whether live oak rings in both urban and historic trees could be accurately identified and measured for dendrochronological applications. One hundred urban live oaks were assessed as well as four cross-sectional specimens from historic sites in the southeastern United States. Age of all cored live oak ranged from 7 to 29 (average = 16.8 rings), while cross-sections were taken from trees with an average age of 175 years. A chronology was created from cores that had the highest interseries correlations (n = 27), resulting in an average interseries correlation of 0.654. The analysis of live oak cross sections revealed that the rings on live oak are very faint and barely discernible, delimited mainly by a faint row of earlywood vessels with no or barely visible terminal parenchyma. Rings on these sections were erratic (i.e., fading out along the circumference) and non-concentric (i.e., a particular ring could be both wide and narrow at certain points along the circumference) so that any attempt to measure the rings on opposing radii would have produced meaningless results. However, based on the results of this study, we conclude that the dendrochronological analysis of live oak is possible with careful sample preparation and analysis and that results would be reliable, even for urban trees. Results of this study suggest that urban tree-ring series with higher interseries correlations were more vigorous than those with lower values, suggesting that urban environmental stresses related to individual sites may decrease the usefulness of crossdating techniques for evaluating annual rings on younger, urban trees.
The Chair Back Experiment: Hierarchical Temporal Memory and the Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture

Computational synthesis tools that automatically generate solutions to design problems are not widely used in architectural practice despite many years of research. This deficiency can be attributed, in part, to the difficulty of constructing robust building specific databases. New advances in artificial intelligence such as Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) have the potential to make the construction of these databases more realistic in the near future. Based on an emerging theory of human neurological function, HTMs excel at ambiguous pattern recognition. This paper includes a first experiment using HTMs for learning and recognizing patterns in the form of visual style characteristics in three distinct chair back types. Results from the experiment indicate that HTMs develop a similar storage of quality to humans and are therefore a promising option for capturing multi-modal information in future design automation efforts.
A Conversation with Donald J. Wheeler

An interview with noted statistician Donald J. Wheeler highlights his educational background and career path. After receiving his graduate degrees from Southern Methodist University, Wheeler taught statistics at the University of Tennessee where, under ..
Functionality of the TOL plasmid under varying environmental conditions following conjugal transfer

Conjugation of catabolic plasmids in contaminated environments is a naturally occurring horizontal gene transfer phenomenon, which could be utilized in genetic bioaugmentation. The potentially important parameters for genetic bioaugmentation include gene regulation of transferred catabolic plasmids that may be controlled by the genetic characteristics of transconjugants as well as environmental conditions that may alter the expression of the contaminant-degrading phenotype. This study showed that both genomic guanine–cytosine contents and phylogenetic characteristics of transconjugants were important in controlling the phenotype functionality of the TOL plasmid. These genetic characteristics had no apparent impact on the stability of the TOL plasmid, which was observed to be highly variable among strains. Within the environmental conditions tested, the addition of glucose resulted in the largest enhancement of the activities of enzymes encoded by the TOL plasmid in all transconjugant strains. Glucose (1 g/L) enhanced the phenotype functionality by up to 16.4 (±2.22), 30.8 (±7.03), and 90.8 (±4.56)-fold in toluene degradation rates, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzymatic activities, and xylE gene expression, respectively. These results suggest that genetic limitations of the expression of horizontally acquired genes may be overcome by the presence of alternate carbon substrates. Such observations may be utilized in improving the effectiveness of genetic bioaugmentation.
A simple algorithm to estimate the effective regional atmospheric parameters for thermal-inertia mapping

Abstract A method based solely on remote sensing data has been developed to estimate those meteorological effects which are required for thermal-inertia mapping. It assumes that the atmospheric fluxes are spatially invariant and that the solar, sky, and sensible heat fluxes can be approximated by a simple mathematical form. Coefficients are determined from least-squares method by fitting observational data to our thermal model. A comparison between field measurements and the model-derived flux shows the type of agreement which can be achieved. An analysis of the limitations of the method is also provided.
Impact of valence states on the superconductivity of iron telluride and iron selenide films with incorporated oxygen

We report on the local electronic structure of oxygen incorporated FeTe and FeSe films and how this relates to superconductivity observed in these films. In the case of FeTe, initially grown films are measured to be nonsuperconducting, but become superconducting following oxygen incorporation. In FeSe the opposite happens; initially grown films are measured to be superconducting, but experience a quenching of superconductivity following oxygen incorporation. X-ray photoemission and total fluorescence yield (TFY) x-ray absorption experiments show that oxygen incorporation changes the initial Fe valence state in both the as grown FeTe and FeSe films to mainly Fe${}^{3+}$ in the oxygen incorporated films. In contrast we observe that while Te moves to a mixed Te${}^{0}$/Te${}^{4+}$ valence state, the Se always remains Se${}^{0}$. This work highlights how different responses of the electronic structure by the respective chalcogenides to oxidation could be related to the mechanisms which are inducing superconductivity in FeTe and quenching superconductivity in FeSe.
Metabolism of methapyrilene by Fischer-344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse hepatocytes.

1. Suspension cultures of freshly isolated F344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse hepatocytes were compared for their ability to transform various concentrations of methapyrilene (MP). 2. MP metabolites were isolated and purified by h.p.l.c., and were identified by comparing their chromatographic and mass spectral properties with those of authentic standards. 3. Both rat and mouse hepatocytes transformed MP to tentatively identified 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (I), and definitively identified mono-N-desmethyl methapyrilene glucuronide (II), methapyrilene glucuronide (III), methapyrilene N-oxide (V), and mono-N-desmethyl methapyrilene (VII).
Pomegranate fruit extract inhibits UVB-induced inflammation and proliferation by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in mouse skin

There is considerable interest in the identification of natural agents capable of affording protection to skin from the adverse effects of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit possesses as strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. Recently, we have shown that oral feeding of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) to mice afforded substantial protection from the adverse effects of single UVB radiation via modulation in early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis. This study was designed to investigate the photochemopreventive effects of PFE (0.2%, wt/vol) after multiple UVB irradiations (180 mJ cm(-2), on alternative day, for a total of seven treatments) to the skin of SKH-1 hairless mice. Oral feeding of PFE to SKH-1 mice inhibited UVB-induced epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of leukocytes, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that oral feeding of PFE to mice inhibited UVB-induced (1) nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B/p65, (2) phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, (3) activation of IKKα/ΙΚΚβ and (4) phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase proteins and c-Jun. PFE consumption also inhibited UVB-induced protein expression of (1) COX-2 and iNOS, (2) PCNA and cyclin D1 and (3) matrix metalloproteinases-2,-3 and -9 in mouse skin. Taken together, these data show that PFE consumption afforded protection to mouse skin against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating UVB-induced signaling pathways.
Predicting subsequent visual field loss in glaucomatous subjects with disc hemorrhage using retinal nerve fiber layer polarimetry.

PURPOSE: To predict progression of visual field loss after an episode of disc hemorrhage in glaucoma patients on the basis of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) GDx polarimetry measurements analyzed by wavelet-Fourier analysis (WFA). METHODS: Retrospective GDx data from 16 subjects (10 progressors and 6 non-progressors based on visual fields) obtained near the time of disc hemorrhage were analyzed to predict which patients would have visual field progression. Polarimetry scans throughout a follow-up period (31 months average) were also analyzed to compare field progression to RNFL thickness change after the hemorrhage. Mean RNFL thickness inferred from the polarimetry data at sixteen 22.5 degrees sectors at distances of 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 disc diameters were used. Data were analyzed by applying to appropriate regions of disc hemorrhage patients a structural analysis (WFA) we had developed previously. A linear discriminant function (Fischer) was produced and a leave-one-out method using separate training and test data was used to assure validity of the results. RESULTS: Patients who subsequently progressed were successfully predicted with moderate success (sensitivity / specificity was 0.77 / 0.88 with ROC area = 0.858). A separate analysis comparing pre- and post-hemorrhage RNFL sector thickness revealed clear evidence of RNFL thinning at the inferior and superior sectors before progression of visual field. The thinning of RNFL thickness was not restricted to regions corresponding to the location of the hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Wavelet-Fourier analysis can differentiate progressors from non-progressors with moderate accuracy. Comparison to a prior study of this same cohort emphasizes that relatively small regions must be considered (as opposed to larger quadrants) to see these significant changes in RNFL.
Effect of phenobarbital and the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate on γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase activity and leukotriene C4 concentration in cultured rat hepatocytes

Peroxisome proliferators induce hepatocellular carcinomas in rodents by an unknown mechanism. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a biochemical marker for identifying putative preneoplastic lesions in the liver, is highly expressed in phenobarbital (PB)-promoted altered hepatic foci but not in those promoted by peroxisome proliferators. One of the substrates of GGT is the eicosanoid LTC4. Because peroxisome proliferators and PB have differing effects on eicosanoid metabolism in vivo, we hypothesized that PB would similarly increase LTC4 concentrations, whereas the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate (CIP) would not. Cultured hepatocytes were treated with the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate (CIP: 100 and 400 μM) or PB (PB: 0.5 and 2 mM). Competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to determine the concentration of LTC4 in extracts of cultured hepatocytes. CIP decreased the concentration of LTC4 throughout the culture period, but PB increased the LTC4 concentration. Both doses of CIP significantly inhibited the induction of GGT activity at 48 and 72 hours, whereas PB enhanced GGT activity. We therefore hypothesized that LTC4, a substrate of GGT, may induce GGT activity. LTC4, however, did not enhance GGT activity and inhibited it at very high concentrations. The results of this experiment show that CIP and PB have different effects on GGT activity and LTC4 concentration. LTC4, however, does not induce GGT in cultured hepatocytes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The operation of clay grinding machines in refractories plants

The use of shredders is not justified for all cases. The processing of frozen clays and stone-like clays (flinty clays) requires the design of a new type of machine working on the principle of splitting and fracturing.
Wavelength modulation spectra of SrTiO3

Abstract Wavelength modulation spectra of SrTiO3 were measured at several temperatures above and below the cubic to tetragonal phase transition. Our results definitely confirm that the fundamental edge is an indirect gap which is only slightly affected by the phase transition. Analysis leads us to favor the conclusion that the conduction band minimum is at X rather than at Λ.
Resonance and threshold effects in polarized X-ray emission from atoms and molecules

Abstract Strongly anisotropic and polarized K-V (valence to K-vacancy) X-ray emission has been observed from gas-phase molecules following excitation of a K-shell electron to valence-like subthreshold resonances using a narrow bandwidth, linearly polarized X-ray beam. Distinctively different polarizations and angular distributions are observed for emission involving molecular orbitals of different symmetries. A classical model of the X-ray absorption/emission process accurately describes the observed radiation patterns. Relatively weak polarizations and anisotropies are observed following excitation of atomic subthreshold resonances, due to averaging over unresolved final states. However, resonance and threshold studies of atomic X-ray spectra illustrate the inelastic resonance scattering process and the onset of characteristic fluorescence.
Measurements of human brain ethanol T2 by spectroscopic imaging at 4 T

Previous MRS measurements of ethanol in human brain have yielded a range of transverse relaxation times for ethanol methyl resonance at 1.5 T (200-380 ms). To determine the T(2) of the methyl proton resonance of ethanol in human brain, 8 x 8 spectroscopic images were acquired at 16 different TE values. A frequency-selective refocusing pulse was used to suppress J-modulation of the ethanol triplet, permitting nonintegral multiples of 1/J to be used for TE values. The measured T(2) values for the methyl resonances of ethanol, creatine, and N-acetyl aspartate in mixed tissues were 82 +/- 12, 148 +/- 20, and 227 +/- 25 ms, respectively. Regression analysis of the measured T(2) as a function of gray matter content indicates a shorter T(2) value for ethanol in pure white matter compared to that in pure gray matter. Magn Reson Med 44:35-40, 2000.
Interorganizational Coordination: Theory and Practice

Interorganizational coordination (IOC) is a critical part of planning because most planning involves multiple interacting organizations. Theories and concepts of IOC are reviewed, including definitions, theoretical premises, interorganizationalfields, networks and interdependencies, and IOC strategies, antecedents, and consequences. To bridge the gap between current theories and taxonomies in the organization theory literature and the practice of IOC as revealed in case studies, a set of coordination structures is proposed: informal networks, interorganizational groups, coordinators, coordinating units, non-administered programs, lead organizations, and single organizations. These structures are part of an integrated framework that is offered to facilitate analysis and research.
Analysis of the dynamic strains in a fingertip exposed to vibrations : Correlation to the mechanical stimuli on mechanoreceptors

The reduction in vibrotactile sensitivity in the fingertip is assumed to be associated with the exposure of the tissues to repetitive, non-physiological strains during dynamic loading. Experimental results demonstrated that the magnitude of a vibration-induced temporary threshold shift is dependent upon the vibration frequency of both the exposure and testing stimuli. In the present study, the frequency-dependent strain imposed on cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues of the fingertip is analyzed theoretically using a finite element model. The proposed fingertip model is two-dimensional and includes major anatomical substructures: skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and nail. The soft tissues (skin and subcutaneous tissues) were assumed to be nonlinearly elastic and viscoelastic, while the bone and nail were considered as linearly elastic. Simulations were performed for the contact between the fingertip and a flat surface for four different pre-compressions (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). The frequency-dependent distributions of the dynamic strain magnitudes in the soft tissues were investigated. The model predictions indicated that the vibration exposure at a frequency range from 63 to 250 Hz will induce excessive dynamic strain in the deep zone of the finger tissues, effectively inhibiting the high-frequency mechanoreceptors; while the vibration exposure at low frequency (less than 31.5 Hz) tends to induce excessive dynamic strain in superficial layer in the tissues, inhibiting the low-frequency mechanoreceptors. These theoretical predictions are consistent with the experimental observations in literature. The proposed model can be used to predict the responses of the soft tissues in different depths to vibration exposures, providing valuable information and data that are essential for improving vibrotactile perception tests.
Continuous measurement of left ventricular performance during and after maximal isometric deadlift exercise

BACKGROUND Isometric exercise produces a reflex increase in arterial blood pressure that is proportional to the intensity and mass of muscle used during contraction. Little is known about the transient effects of heavy weight lifting on left ventricular performance. In this study, we measured continuous changes in left ventricular performance during maximal large-muscle isometric exercise using the standing deadlift position. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy young men performed serial deadlifts at 50% of maximal voluntary effort for 90 seconds and 100% of maximal effort for 30 seconds. Echocardiographic imaging (apical four-chamber view), arterial blood pressure (brachial artery catheter), and electrocardiographic monitoring were recorded throughout the deadlift and for 30 seconds of recovery. Aortic flow velocity was also monitored during a separate series of deadlifts. During 100% maximal deadlift, mean arterial pressure increased from 108 +/- 4 to 164 +/- 6 mm Hg. Left ventricular ejection fraction declined initially (from 57 +/- 2% to 49 +/- 3%) at 15 seconds into the lift and recovered (56 +/- 1%) due to significant increases in end-diastolic volume (104 +/- 11 ml to 132 +/- 16 ml) by the end of the lift. The peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio did not change during the deadlift. After cessation of the deadlift, mean arterial pressure declined precipitously (to 88 +/- 4 mm Hg) within 5 seconds and gradually returned to baseline after 30 seconds. Left ventricular performance indexes all increased significantly during the recovery phase (ejection fraction to 68 +/- 3%, peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio to 5.9 +/- 0.9). Findings were qualitatively similar for the 50% deadlift. CONCLUSIONS During an intense isometric deadlift, left ventricular performance declines initially but is restored by the Frank-Starling mechanism. Upon release of the deadlift, increased left ventricular performance develops in conjunction with a rapid decrease in arterial pressure. The combined effects of increased wall stress during the lift phase and enhanced contractility during the release phase probably contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy associated with repetitive weight training.
The potential of organ specific toxicity for predicting rodent carcinogenicity

Relationships between organ specific toxicity (specifications of the presence or absence of 43 morphological effects in 32 organs) observed from 13-week subchronic studies and rodent carcinogenicity were investigated by manually measuring the concordance of each feature and also automatically using the RL (Rule Learner) induction program. Of the 32 organs, the presence or absence of any effect in liver or kidney was found very relevant to rodent carcinogenicity. While the concordance of Salmonella genotoxicity with rodent carcinogenicity was only 60%, the battery of liver and kidney was 74% accurate with 75% sensitivity and 71% specificity. Further, using the RL program, rule sets based on organ specific toxicity together with the default predictions based on Salmonella mutagenicity were on average 80% accurate with 83% sensitivity and 82% specificity.
A Chlamydia pneumoniae infection model using established human lymphocyte cell lines

Since current studies indicate possible infection of human lymphocytes with Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae, establishment of an in vitro C. pneumoniae infection model using lymphocyte cell lines was demonstrated. Human lymphoid cell lines (Molt 4 [T-cell] and P3HR1 [B-cell]) were utilized for this purpose besides human monocyte cell line (THP-1) and human epithelial cell line (HEp-2), as a reference of monocyte/macrophage cells and a positive control for support of C. pneumoniae growth, respectively. Both lymphoid cells (Molt 4 and P3HR1) supported the growth of C. pneumoniae as demonstrated by Chlamydia inclusion formation, detection of increased infective progenies and increased bacterial antigen levels. Similar data were obtained using monocyte THP-1 cells. However, the bacterial growth in these cells was less than that in HEp-2 cells. The electron microscopic study showed typical inclusions with many Chlamydia elementary bodies in lymphoid cells tested, similar to that seen in HEp-2 cells. These results indicate that C. pneumoniae can infect cells with lymphocyte properties and this infection model with lymphoid cell line cells could be valuable to study details of lymphocyte–C. pneumoniae interaction.
AIDS prevention for women at risk: Experience from a national demonstration research program

This paper discusses data from a national research program working with large numbers of women at risk for HIV. Important similarities between injection drug using (IDU) women and the non-injecting partners of IDU men have been shown. High levels of non-injection drug use are common to both groups, as is crack use and the trading of sex for crack. Despite considerable knowledge about AIDS, risky sex and drug injection behaviors are the rule. A number of important principles for outreach and intervention with women have also emerged, including the need for simultaneously aggressive and sensitive out-reach strategies and for interventions that take into account the full context of these women's lives.
Quantitative analysis of the Si-H groups formed on poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces : an ATR FTi.r. approach

Abstract Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infra-red (ATR FTi.r.) spectroscopy was utilized to quantify the concentration of Si-H groups formed on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer surfaces as a result of Ar or N2 plasma modifications. Kramers-Kronig transformation of the ATR spectra of standard solutions containing Si-H species allows construction of calibration plots which are independent of the angle of incidence, crystal coverage and sample refractive index. The Si-H concentrations of the plasma-treated PDMS are calculated from the calibration plots, and indicate that gas/plasma treatments of PDMS substrates result in Si-H functionality gradients with higher concentrations near the elastomer surface.
Toward a Model of Changing Disability Identities: A proposed typology and research agenda.

In light of recent developments in the field of disability studies, this article is an attempt to update a typology of orientations to disability developed over 20 years ago. The proposed revised typology represents a synthesis of two theoretical strands in sociology: opportunity structure theory and identity theory. The author provides examples from the literature, by and about people with disabilities, to illustrate each proposed type of disability identity. These types include normalisation, crusadership, affirmation, situational identification, resignation, apathy and isolated affirmation. The article suggests that individuals with disabilities may move along a ‘career path’ from one type to another over time, as they encounter new opportunities and interaction situations. The author proposes a research agenda to refine and establish the validity of the typology, and to determine its applicability to diverse populations of disabled people in the world today.
Temporal bandwidth-intensive virtual network allocation optimization in a data center network

In this paper, we consider bandwidth-intensive services for customers that want virtual networks (VN) in a data center environment. In particular, we consider this problem in a temporal context where bandwidth-intensive requests from each VN may arrive randomly at a review point, which may last for a certain duration. Thus, at each review point, the data center network provider must optimally allocate resources for the demand requests. For this problem, we present a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem formulation where any request from a VN customer may be assigned to any virtual machine so that network resource availability is optimized. We present an overbooking strategy that may be employed to allow for some demands not met in the first try. For comparison, we also consider a base case where the allocation is pinned to a specific destination. Through our study, we show the comparative gains of different schemes.
Total internal reflection effects on two-dimensional scattering measurements

Abstract A simple geometric optics explanation is given for various total internal reflection anomalies which were obtained during the acquisition of experimental two-dimensional scattering data. This explanation appears accurately to indicate where the effects of the total internal reflection appear in the data but not the magnitude of the effect.
Variations of the luminous efficacy of global and diffuse radiation and zenith luminance with weather conditions—description of a potential method to generate key daylight availability data from existing solar radiation data bases

Abstract The Atmospheric Sciences Research Center and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority have undertaken a comprehensive daylight resource assessment program which includes the coincident measurement of 25 radiometric and photometric quantities[1]. This paper contains selected results of the analysis performed on collected data. These include the study of the variations of global and diffuse luminous efficacy, and of zenith luminance with insolation conditions. These conditions are described using a parameterization based on two widely available radiative quantities (global and direct irradiance). Based on three 45-day monitoring periods, it appears that many of the observed variations can be accounted for from the knowledge of these two quantities.
New CDF results on diffraction

We report new diffraction results obtained by the CDF collaboration in proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at {radical}s=1.96 TeV. The first experimental evidence of exclusive dijet and diphoton production is presented. The exclusive results are discussed in context of the exclusive Higgs production at LHC. We also present the measurement of the Q{sup 2} and t dependence of the diffractive structure function.
Sites of clearance of endogenous parathyroid hormone in the vitamin D-deficient dog.

The sites of clearance of endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) were studied in dogs who developed secondary hyperparathyroidism on a vitamin D-deficient diet. Simultaneous blood samples were obtained from the femoral artery, and the hepatic, renal, portal, and femoral veins. Radioimmunoassay of canine immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) in a heterologous bovine PTH (iPTH) system indicated that the kidney and liver extracted 49% and 46%, respectively, of the iPTH circulating through these organs. Characterization of the circulating iPTH in these animals was carried out by gel filtration and radioimmunoassay of the eluant fractions utilizing specific amino- and carboxyl-terminal antisera. The hormone in the peripheral circulation co-eluted with [125I]- iodobPTH and no fragments of iPTH were detected. Immunochemical differences between bovine and canine PTH were detected in the carboxyl-terminal region of the molecule. The results indicate that endogenous PTH in the vitamin D-deficient, hypocalcemic dog is cleared by ...
CT and MRI of congenital nasal lesions in syndromic conditions

Congenital malformations of the nose can be associated with a variety of syndromes, including solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome, CHARGE syndrome, Bosma syndrome, median cleft face syndrome, PHACES association, Bartsocas-Papas syndrome, Binder syndrome, duplication of the pituitary gland-plus syndrome and syndromic craniosynsotosis (e.g., Apert and Crouzon syndromes) among other craniofacial syndromes. Imaging with CT and MRI plays an important role in characterizing the nasal anomalies as well as the associated brain and cerebrovascular lesions, which can be explained by the intimate developmental relationship between the face and intracranial structures, as well as certain gene mutations. These conditions have characteristic imaging findings, which are reviewed in this article.
Moore's Law takes on the universe; New astronomy with giga-pixel imagers and peta-byte data archives

Astronomy is looking up! The electronic detectors used by astronomers have expanded exponentially, doubling in size every 2 years since they were invented about three decades ago. This matches the famous “Moore's Law” describing the growth of computing power. The Pan-STARRS PS1 telescope in Hawaii is the latest leap in this development, with a revolutionary 1.4 billion pixel camera that has been dubbed “the 18th wonder of the technological world”. This is just the first of 4 telescopes, and still more ambitious proposals are on the drawing board.
Factors Associated with Higher Risk of Complications After Adrenal Surgery

Background Surgeon experience has been demonstrated to result in better outcomes after a variety of advanced operations. Less information is available regarding adrenal surgery. We compared the outcomes after adrenalectomy for a variety of indications and determined the effect of surgeon’s case volume.
Limited switch dynamic logic circuits for high-speed low-power circuit design

This paper describes a new circuit family--limited switch dynamic logic (LSDL). LSDL is a hybrid between a dynamic circuit and a static latch that combines the desirable properties of both circuit families. The paper also describes many enhancements and extensions to LSDL that increase its logical capability. Finally, it presents the results of two multiplier designs, one fabricated in 130- nm technology and one in 90-nm technology. The 130- and 90-nm designs respectively reach speeds up to 2.2 GHz and 8 GHz.
Main effect plans with an additional search property for 2m factorial experiments

Abstract This paper presents a new series of main effect plans for 2 m factorial experiments which permit search and estimation of one nonnegligible effect from two and three factor interactions. Plans in the series are Balanced Arrays (BA) of strength two. A robustness property of such plans is proved. Main effect plans which are near BA of strength two and with the search property, are obtained from the robustness property. Some other plans are also given.
Direct visualization of volume data

A combination of segmentation tools and fast volume renderers that provides an interactive exploration environment for volume visualization is discussed. The tools and renderers include mechanisms that distribute volume data across multiple processors, as well as image compositing techniques and solutions to representation problems in the selection and display of subregions within bounding volumes. A volume visualization technique using the interactive control of images rendered directly from volume data coupled with a user-controlled semantic classification tool is described. The variations of parallel volume rendering being explored on the Pixel-Planes 5 system and the region-of-interest selection methods and the interactive tools used by the system are presented. The flexibility and power of combining volume rendering with region-of-interest selection techniques are demonstrated using examples of medical imaging applications. >
Some effects of punishment shock intensity upon discriminative responding

Three pigeons received visual discrimination training under both multiple variable-ratio extinction and variable-interval extinction schedules. All birds developed nearly perfect discrimination. When punishment for every tenth response during food reinforcement was presented, responding decreased as shock intensity increased. At the same time, responding during extinction, which was not punished, increased at intermediate punishment intensities, but returned to low levels under severe punishment. A second procedure, in which punishment and no-punishment sessions alternated unsystematically, was employed with two of the birds. The results under this procedure essentially replicated the data obtained as punishment shock intensity increased gradually.
Arbitration and Bargaining Across the Pacific

This paper reports laboratory experiments comparing arbitration behavior between and across two developed countries with extensive trade relations, the United States and Japan. Besides comparing domestic disputes in both locations, we evaluate disputes between them. While we find nominal differences between the US and Japan, we observe significant changes in both groups' behavior when facing someone from the other country. Specifically, Americans become more aggressive when facing a Japanese counterpart and Japanese subjects settle more frequently with an American counterpart. Our results suggest that previous research designed to document differences in bargaining behavior across cultures paints an incomplete picture of international comparisons by failing to consider bargaining interactions.
Rendering of volumetric data in biological systems

ABSTRACTVolumetric data (scalar data sampled on a three dimensional grid) is effectively imaged by methods of direct volume rendering. We describe the volume rendering program RMSVOLUME created specifically for the rendering of data from macromolecular systems.Applications of the program to the display of electron density from xray crystallography and electron microscopy are presented. 1. INTRODUCTION As technical and computational tools are improved, researchers are being faced with increasingly complex, voluminous amounts of data. The discipline of scientific visualizationhas recently emerged with the goal of developing techniques to analyse these data sets, byapplying the methods of computer graphics. The data being analysed is often abstract inform, with no real-world equivalents -for instance, what does an electrostatic potential field really look like? The idea behind scientific visualization is to create tangible, visualrepresentations of complex data, fostering 'visual thinking' by providing a pictorialinterpretation of the data. One image is often more telling than a battery of non-visualdescriptions, both during analysis of a new set of data, and especially when a researcher
Fatal outcome of a calcified amorphous tumor of the heart (cardiac CAT)

Calcified amorphous tumor of the heart (cardiac CAT) is an unusual non-neoplastic cardiac mass that can mimic a more malignant lesion. We describe a case of cardiac CAT in a 60-year-old female who presented with syncope. Workup revealed a 2.1-cm mass in the right ventricular wall involving the chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve, impacting right ventricular function. Magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, angiography, and histologic descriptions of the lesion are described.
Electrical noise and VLSI interconnect reliability

This paper discusses the characteristics of noise sources in Al-based thin films and their relationships to VLSI reliability. Techniques of applying noise measurements in detecting existing defects/damages in the films, determining electromigration activation energy, and predicting the time to failure of VLSI interconnects are presented. The noise measurement technique can be applied to wafer-level reliability testing because it is much faster than the conventional MTF method and is nondestructive in nature. Some important considerations for wafer-level reliability testing via noise measurements are also presented in this paper. >
Performance-Based Design Approach in Seismic Analysis of Bridges

The seismic design requirements used in the United States are based on the recommendations of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. These requirements are primarily based on the importance of the structure, the level of deformation imposed on the structure, soil conditions, and the ductility of structural members, especially piers and supports. In the performance-based design approach, the design is primarily focused on meeting a performance objective, which is in line with a desired level of service. Currently, the effort toward implementing the performance-based design approach in buildings is under way in the United States. The seismic performance criteria for buildings have been established and reported by various organizations. It seems that at least three levels of performance, ranging from ''fully operational'' to ''near collapse'' can be used to meet the postearthquake conditions, safety, usage, and occupancy for the varous levels of service expected from all types of structures. In this paper a critical evaluation of these performance criteria and their relevance to highway bridge design, in conjunction with the current design practice, is discussed. Various types of designs such as those based on strength, deformation, nonlinear behavior, and energy, which can be used to meet the specified performance levels in seismic design of highway bridges, are also discussed in the paper. Examples of real applications of the method in highway bridges are reviewed. Furthermore, the procedure by which the performance-based method has been implemented in these example cases is described and discussed in the paper.
Estimating degradation model parameters from character images

This paper discusses the use of character images todetermine the parameters of an image degradation model.The acute angles in character images provide informationused to find the model parameters. Three experiments areconducted to evaluate the use of characters. In the firstexperiment, large quantities of corners from characterimages are used to investigate how their contributionaffects the mean and the standard deviation of the parameterestimators. In the second experiment, we focus on therelationship between the angles of the corners used in estimationand the estimation results. In the last experiment,we examine how likely the text in a common page wouldoffer a reasonable estimation result compared to theresults from experiments 1 and 2.
Online Case Study: Canine dermatology

This Case Study is continued online visit www.ukvet.co.uk to complete this free online Case Study. If you are a subscriber you will be able to access this and many more online-only Case Studies as part of your Continuing Professional Development. Visit www.ukvet.co.uk, log in and answer the multiple choice questions which lead you through the Case Study. Your answers will then be submitted and marked instantly to achieve a Certificate of Completion which can be printed off and kept as part of your CPD portfolio. Mark Craig BVSc CertSAD MRCVS
Ex vivo allograft mitral valve leaflet repair prior to orthotopic heart transplantation.

The shortage of donors has limited the number of heart transplantations. We report a successful ex vivo mitral valve repair of the allograft prior to heart transplantation. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12297 (J Card Surg 2014;29:424–426)
Personality Development and Familial Dysautonomia

The study sought to establish baselines for personality and frequency of psychopathology in familial dysautonomia (FD). Fifty FD patients, aged 6 to 28 years, served as subjects. FD subjects in all age ranges manifest neurotic patterns, but show no greater incidence of more severe pathology than is found in the general population. the arrested psychologic development seen in FD is described, together with the phenomenon of periodic lapses in judgment. The organic impairment of cognitive functions is discussed. Recommendations for treatment are proposed.
Changes in fire‐derived soil black carbon storage in a subhumid woodland

Fire-derived black carbon (BC) in soil, including charcoal, represents an important part in terrestrial carbon cycling due to its assumed long persistence in soil. Soil BC concentrations for a woodland in central Texas, USA, was found from study plots with a fire scar dendrochronology spanning 100 years. BC values were initially determined from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR-based BC concentrations were used to calibrate midinfrared vibrational spectra (MIRS) for evaluation as a less expensive and expedient technique. However, unexpectedly high BC values from the MIRS method were found for sites without evidence of fire for the past 100 years. Estimation of BC from NMR technique showed mean BC concentration of 2.73 ± 3.06 g BC kg−1 (0.91 ± 0.51 kg BC m−2) for sites with fire occurrence within the last 40 years compared with BC values of 1.21 ± 1.70 g BC kg−1 soil (0.18 ± 0.14 kg BC m−2) for sites with fire 40–100 years ago. Sites with no tree ring evidence of fire during the last 100 years had the lowest mean soil BC concentration of 0.05 ± 0.11 g BC kg−1 (0.02 ± 0.03 kg BC m−2). Molecular proxies of stability (lignin/N) and decomposition (Alkyl C/O-Alkyl C) showed no differences across the sites, indicating low potential for BC mineralization. Modeled soil erosion and time since fire from fire scar data showed that soil BC concentrations were inversely correlated. These results suggest that the addition of BC may be limited by topography and timing of fire.
Architecture of human telomerase RNA

Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase that catalyzes the addition of telomere DNA repeats onto the 3′ ends of linear chromosomes and plays a critical role in maintaining genome stability. Unlike other reverse transcriptases, telomerase is unique in that it is a ribonucleoprotein complex, where the RNA component [telomerase RNA (TR)] not only provides the template for the synthesis of telomere DNA repeats but also plays essential roles in catalysis, accumulation, TR 3′-end processing, localization, and holoenzyme assembly. Biochemical studies have identified TR elements essential for catalysis that share remarkably conserved secondary structures across different species as well as species-specific domains for other functions, paving the way for high-resolution structure determination of TRs. Over the past decade, structures of key elements from the core, conserved regions 4 and 5, and small Cajal body specific RNA domains of human TR have emerged, providing significant insights into the roles of these RNA elements in telomerase function. Structures of all helical elements of the core domain have been recently reported, providing the basis for a high-resolution model of the complete core domain. We review this progress to determine the overall architecture of human telomerase RNA.
Cdc6 Chromatin Affinity Is Unaffected by Serine-54 Phosphorylation, S-Phase Progression, and Overexpression of Cyclin A

Ectopically expressed Cdc6 is translocated from the nucleus during S phase in a cyclin A-Cdk2-dependent process, suggesting that reinitiation of DNA replication is prevented by removal of phosphorylated Cdc6 from chromatin after origin firing. However, whether endogenous Cdc6 translocates during S phase remains controversial. To resolve the questions regarding regulation of endogenous Cdc6, we cloned the cDNA encoding the Chinese hamster Cdc6 homolog and specifically focused on analyzing the localizations and chromatin affinities of endogenous and exogenous proteins during S phase and following overexpression of cyclin A. In agreement with other reports, ectopically expressed Cdc6 translocates from the nucleus during S phase and in response to overexpressed cyclin A. In contrast, using a combination of biochemical and immunohistochemical assays, we show convincingly that endogenous Cdc6 remains nuclear and chromatin bound throughout the entire S period, while Mcm5 loses chromatin affinity during S phase. Overexpression of cyclin A is unable to alter the nuclear localization of Cdc6. Furthermore, using a phosphospecific antibody we show that phosphoserine-54 Cdc6 maintains a high affinity for chromatin during the S period. Considering recent in vitro studies, these data are consistent with a proposed model in which Cdc6 is serine-54 phosphorylated during S phase and functions as a chromatin-bound signal that prevents reformation of prereplication complexes.
Digital correction of dynamic track-and-hold errors providing SFDR ≫ 83 dB up to fin = 470 MHz

A digital technique for the compensation of dynamic nonlinearities at the front-end of high-speed, high-resolution ADCs is presented. The complexity of the digital post-processing scheme is minimized using judicious modeling of the relevant nonidealities. Applying the method to a 14-bit, 155-MS/s ADC provides > 83 dB SFDR up to fin = 470 MHz. The post-processing block is estimated to consume 52 mW and occupy 0.54 mm2 in 90-nm CMOS.