cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aging metabolism: Evitable or inevitable?

Decades of research have begun to unravel the mysteries of how and why we age. For example, as we grow older we become less responsive to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. This condition, called “insulin resistance,” is important because it is a step in the progression to type 2 diabetes. With aging, we also begin to store fat in strange places, such as within our muscle or liver cells rather than within fat cells where it is intended to be stored. To add insult to injury, our mitochondria, the organelles that generate essential chemical energy, begin to fail at their jobs. All of these metabolic abnormalities are considered hallmarks of aging. However, this dogma is now being called into question: Are these metabolic derangements truly inevitable consequences of age, or do they simply reflect altered lifestyle with aging? This paradigm shift has been proposed previously, but a recent report in the journal Diabetes provides some compelling new evidence. Chee and colleagues carefully evaluated insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in young and older adults. What makes this study unique is that the young and older subjects were matched for habitual physical activity levels and body composition. A separate group of overweight older adults were compared with lean older adults with similar lean mass. With this study design, the authors were able to provide some interesting new insights into the extent to which metabolic abnormalities are due to aging, independent of the influence of lifestyle factors. They found that only overweight older adults exhibited insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in their muscles. There were no differences between young and older adults who were matched for body composition and physical activity. These data are encouraging because they suggest that some age-related metabolic changes may not be inevitable. The news is not all good, however. This study also shows that even lean older adults exhibit changes in adipose tissue lipolysis such that they have greater release of lipids from fat cells into circulation. This increased lipid availability may predispose older adults to accumulate fat in skeletal muscle and liver when they become physically inactive. The study reinforces the importance of physical activity across the life span and also highlights the need for therapeutic strategies to target lipid metabolism in older adults. C. Chee et al ., The relative contribution of intramyocellular lipid to whole body fat oxidation is reduced with age, but subsarcolemmal lipid accumulation and insulin resistance are only associated with overweight individuals. Diabetes 10.2337/db15-1383 (2016). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2016/01/05/db15-1383.abstract
Effects of the Stipe-boring Amphipod Peramphithoe Stypotrupetes (Corophioidea: Ampithoidae) and Grazing Gastropods on the Kelp Laminaria Setchellii

ABSTRACT The ampithoid amphipod Peramphithoe stypotrupetes hollows and infests the stipes of the alga Laminaria setchellii after intense grazing of its lamina by gastropods. The intensity of gastropod grazing and subsequent levels of amphipod infestation appear to be correlated with calm ocean conditions. Once established in the stipe, a pair of adult amphipods produces multiple cohorts of offspring, which hollow and kill the plant. At a study site off northern California, an entire bed of the alga was infested and no plants survived. Aspects of the natural history of P. stypotrupetes are discussed.
The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy

* List of Illustrations * List of Maps and Battle Plans * List of Tables * Note on Form * The Habsburg Family Tree 1500-1665 * Note on Currencies * Preface Part one: Beginnings * Introduction Three Men and a Window Interpretations The Argument * Trouble in the Heart of Christendom The Empire Confessionalization Religion and Imperial Law * Casa d'Austria Lands and Dynasty Estates and Confession The Catholic Revival * The Turkish War and its Consequences The Turkish Menace The Ways of War The Long Turkish War The Brothers' Quarrel * Pax Hispanica The Spanish Monarchy The Dutch Revolt 1568-1609 The Spanish Road Spanish Peace-making 161 * Dominium Maris Baltici Denmark The Divided House of Vasa Poland-Lithuania * From Rudolf to Matthias 1582-1612 Religion and the German Princes Confession and Imperial Politics to 1608 Union and Liga 1608-9 The Ju lich-Cleves Crisis 1609-10 * On the Brink? Emperor Matthias The Uskok War and the Habsburg Succession 1615-17 255 Palatine Brinkmanship Part Two: Conflict * The Bohemian Revolt 1618-20 For Liberty and Privilege A King for a Crown Ferdinand Gathers his Forces White Mountain Accounting for Failure * Ferdinand Triumphant 1621-4 The Palatine Cause Protestant Paladins The Catholic Ascendancy 1621-9 * Olivares and Richelieu Olivares Richelieu The Valtellina * Denmark's War against the Emperor 1625-9 Trouble in Lower Saxony Wallenstein Denmark's Defeat 1626-9 * The Threat of European War 1628-30 The Baltic The Netherlands Mantua and La Rochelle The Edict of Restitution The Regensburg Electoral Congress 1630 * The Lion of the North 1630-2 Swedish Intervention Between the Lion and the Eagle The Swedish Empire Calls for Assistance Zenith * Without Gustavus 1633-4 The Heilbronn League Tension along the Rhine Spain Intervenes Wallenstein: the Final Act The Two Ferdinands * For the Liberty of Germany 1635-6 Richelieu Resolves on War The War in the West 1635-6 The Peace of Prague 1635 Appeals to Patriotism Renewed Efforts for Peace * Habsburg High Tide 1637-40 Stalemate Resolution on the Rhine Peace for North Germany? * In the Balance 1641-3 The Franco-Swedish Alliance 1641 The War in the Empire 1642-3 Spain's Growing Crisis 1635-43 From Breda to Rocroi 1637-43 * Pressure to Negotiate 1644-5 The Westphalian Congress France in Germany 1644 The Baltic Becomes Swedish 1643-5 1645: Annus horribilis et mirabilis * War or Peace 1646-8 A Crisis of Confidence 1646 Towards Consensus Spain's Peace with the Dutch The Final Round 1648 Part Three: Aftermath * The Westphalian Settlement The International Dimension A Christian Peace Demobilization The Imperial Recovery * The Human and Material Cost An All-destructive Fury? The Demographic Impact The Economic Impact The Crisis of the Territorial State Cultural Impact * Experiencing War The Nature of Experience Military-Civil Relations Perceptions Commemoration * Abbreviations * Notes * Index
Exchange diffusion in human red blood cells.

SummaryCharacteristics of a model for the study of diffusional movement in human red blood cells have been examined. Tracer influx of sodium was accelerated in red cells with high internal sodium c...
ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF GAS CONDENSATE RELATIVE PERMIABILITY FUNCTIONS

It is experimentally proved that gas condensate permeability is affected by interfacial tension, velocity, viscosity, thus the relationship between permeability and saturation can not be corrected by the function simply depending on IFT. A large number of methods have been proposed for including the capillary number in the gas condensate permeability functions. Two different methods are reviewed and analyzed, these methods evaluated by using a least squares fitting method to fit the correlations to one set of data measured at varying interfacial tension and flow velocity, the best function recommended and the direction of further study pointed out.
Lexically driven selective adaptation by ambiguous auditory stimuli occurs after limited exposure to adaptors

Limited exposure to ambiguous auditory stimuli results in perceptual recalibration. When unambiguous stimuli are used instead, selective adaptation (SA) effects have been reported, even after few adaptor presentations. Crucially, selective adaptation by an ambiguous sound in biasing lexical contexts had previously been found only after massive adaptor repetition [Samuel (2001). Psychol. Sci. 12(4), 348–351]. The present study shows that extensive exposure is not necessary for lexically driven selective adaptation to occur. Lexically driven selective adaptation can arise after as few as nine adaptor presentations. Additionally, build-up course inspection reveals several parallelisms with the time course observed for SA with unambiguous stimuli.
Psychodynamic Consultation in Crisis

Introduction This paper will present a framework for a brief intensive psychotherapeutic intervention designed to address symptomatic expressions of distress that arise as the expression of unconscious conflict provoked by situations of crisis. This therapeutic approach has elements that will be familiar to any experienced therapist, but is specific in its conceptualization. What distinguishes this therapy from others is the induction and utilization of a special positive quality in the therapeutic relationship as a therapeutic aim and “curative factor” in its own right beyond its role as the substrate for a trusting relationship that underlies all successful psychotherapeutic treatments. (Viederman, 2011) This involves a specific strategy and technique designed to develop a 'benevolent transference” to effect change, sometimes to achieve symptom relief, sometimes as a precursor to meaningful insight. In this respect the relationship, considered to be a central feature of the therapy, complements understanding as a vehicle for change. A variety of interventions are described to facilitate this process and the approach will be illustrated with description of interactions with patients. author milton viederman md prof emeritus weill college of medicine of cornell univ. training psychoanalyst columbia center for training and research
The structural evolution of the eastern end of the Halibut Horst, Block 15/21, Outer Moray Firth, UK North Sea

The eastern termination of the Halibut Horst occurs in Block 15/21 of the Outer Moray Firth and shows evidence of a complex structural history. The acquisition of high-resolution 3D seismic datasets across the area of study has permitted mapping of key horizons, better imaging of complex faulting within and around the horst, and enhanced understanding of the structural and stratigraphic evolution. A marked change in active fault trends from NE–SW during the early/mid-Jurassic to WNW–ESE in the late Jurassic/early Cretaceous is evident. Late Jurassic tectonism resulted in significant erosion of the Halibut Horst Spur and syn-tectonic deposition in basinal areas to the north and south. Continuing reactivation and uplift of the horst during the Cretaceous and Tertiary resulted in a complex interrelationship between tectonics and sedimentation.
Superconducting and Structural Properties of RF Magnetron Sputtered Niobium Nitride for Josephson Junctions

The material properties of rf magnetron sputtered niobium nitride prepared at a substrate temperature of 650°C have been investigated as a function of substrate rf bias. These materials exhibit a preferential crystallite orientation related to the amount of rf bias, (200) orientation for low bias and (111) for high bias. We have observed greater than expected lattice parameters of 4.46 A for these films which we associate with a distorted fcc structure. The best films have a low temperature resistivity less than 70 µΩ-cm and transition temperatures exceeding 16 K. NbN/Si/Nb tunnel junctions have been fabricated from these films with un-oxidized hydrogenated silicon barriers using the SNAP process. These junctions have Vm values exceeding 40 mV and sum gap values ~3.9 mV. These barriers are being used in all NbN tunnel junction development.
Relationship between dust mite allergen and human IgA in house dust samples

Previous investigators have mentioned that human IgA is found in house dust. IgA has also been reported to be present on human skin and hence in human dander. If human dander is the primary source of food for house dust mites, a relationship would be expected between IgA and dust mite allergen (Der f I) concentrations. We wished to learn whether IgA was consistently detectable in house dust and whether IgA and dust mite allergen concentrations were related. Dust samples were collected from the bedrooms of infants enrolled in a prospective study designed to evaluate the relationship between early allergen exposure and childhood allergic disease. One hundred eighty samples were studied: 50 samples were the initial samples collected from the first 50 infants enrolled, 120 samples were monthly samples obtained from 10 other homes, and 10 additional samples were randomly selected for extraction in a nonprotein containing buffer to determine the percentage of total extractable dust protein contributed by IgA. Finally, nine commercial house dust extracts were studied to learn whether they were similar to the dust samples from study houses. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure human IgA, human secretory IgA (sIgA) and Der f I concentrations in all of the dust extracts. We found that IgA was consistently present in house dust samples ranging from 3.2 to 2,396 micrograms of IgA per gram of dust. A strong correlation (r = .90) was found between IgA and sIgA concentrations. IgA constituted 0.27% to 6.04% of the total protein in dust samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complexity, fractal dynamics and determinism in treadmill ambulation: Implications for clinical biomechanists.

Abstract Background Reduced inter-stride complexity during ambulation may represent a pathologic state. Evidence is emerging that treadmill training for rehabilitative purposes may constrain the locomotor system and alter gait dynamics in a way that mimics pathological states. The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamical system components of gait complexity, fractal dynamics and determinism during treadmill ambulation. Methods Twenty healthy participants aged 23.8 (1.2) years walked at preferred walking speeds for 6min on a motorized treadmill and overground while wearing APDM 6 Opal inertial monitors. Stride times, stride lengths and peak sagittal plane trunk velocities were measured. Mean values and estimates of complexity, fractal dynamics and determinism were calculated for each parameter. Data were compared between overground and treadmill walking conditions. Findings Mean values for each gait parameter were statistically equivalent between overground and treadmill ambulation ( P >0.05). Through nonlinear analyses, however, we found that complexity in stride time signals ( P P =0.005 and P =0.024, respectively), were reduced on the treadmill. Interpretation Treadmill ambulation induces more predictable inter-stride time dynamics and constrains fluctuations in stride times and stride lengths, which may alter feedback from destabilizing perturbations normally experienced by the locomotor control system during overground ambulation. Treadmill ambulation, therefore, may provide less opportunity for experiencing the adaptability necessary to successfully ambulate overground. Investigators and clinicians should be aware that treadmill ambulation will alter dynamic gait characteristics.
Stigma and Persons with Disabilities

Worldwide, one billion persons live with disabilities. In the USA, approximately 60 million adults report some type of disability, and the numbers of disabled Americans of all ages are growing. The history of disability stigmatization and isolation reaches back millennia, as “normals” feared contamination or taint from interacting with disabled persons who were often held morally culpable for their impairments. During the eugenics movement in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America, many thousands of women with disabilities were coercively sterilized, banned from marrying, or forcibly injected with long-acting hormonal contraceptives. Despite the 1990 enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), individuals with disabilities have greater disadvantages in education, employment, income, housing, transportation, and other eco-social determinants of health than do nondisabled persons. Persons with disabilities are also more likely to receive substandard health care than are nondisabled individuals, and they are much more likely to report fair or poor health. Eliminating stigmatization of persons with disabilities within the health-care delivery system will require efforts on many fronts, including educating health-care professionals about caring for persons with disabilities, improving communication, removing physical barriers to care, and complying with all mandates of the ADA.
Stop Nigmas: Experimental Speculative Design through Pragmatic Aesthetics and Public Art

This paper describes a project titled Stop Nigmas which explores the future of privacy and surveillance. Guided by pragmatic philosophy and approaches from futures studies, speculative design, the project seeks to demonstrate how interactive objects can be used to engage the audience in creating alternative narratives about the future. In the first section, the paper outlines a narrative in a form of a timeline of events that leads to a future with explicitly restricted privacy in public spaces. Following the timeline of events, the paper describes the process of scenario development, object design, interaction design and audience engagement. The author outlines how engagement through public art and social media allows the interactive object to serve as means of speculation through John Dewey's notion of consummatory experience, allowing both the designer and the audience to act as agents of speculation. The paper concludes that pragmatic aesthetics and futures studies can provide useful guidance in designing speculative objects and interactions that are open to dialogue and participation. It suggests new research avenues for speculative design research in human-computer interaction (HCI).
Water storage in a changing environment: The impact of allocation institutions on value

As populations increase in arid regions of the world, investment in water infrastructure improves resource management by increasing control over the location and timing of water allocation. Many studies have explored freer trade as a substitute for additional infrastructure investment. We instead quantify how water allocation institutions, reservoir management objectives, and storage capacity influence the value derived from a reservoir system. We develop a stochastic dynamic programming model of a reservoir system that faces within-year variation in weather-dependent water demand as well as stochastic semiannual inflows. We parameterize the model using the Colorado-Big Thompson system, which transports stored water from the West Slope of the Rocky Mountains to the East Slope. We then evaluate the performance of the system under five institutional settings. Our results suggest that rigid allocation mechanisms and inefficient management objectives result in a decrease of up to 13% in the value generated from stored water when compared to a free trade scenario, an impact on par with predicted losses associated with climate-change-induced inflow reductions. We also find that under biased management objectives, increasing storage capacity can decrease the social value obtained from stored water.
Uses of multimodal statements on the playground: a Foucaultian approach to multimodal discourse analysis

In this study, I draw upon the concept of a statement (l’enonce), Foucault’s fundamental discursive unit, as developed in The Archaeology of Knowledge, extending and applying the concept to a group...
Child-Parent Psychotherapy: An Evidence-Based Treatment for Infants and Young Children

Child-parent psychotherapy (CPP) is an intervention for children from birth to five who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event and are exhibiting attachment, behavioral, or emotional difficulties as a result. The primary goal is to strengthen the relationship between the child and his or her primary caregiver as a vehicle to restore their sense of trust and safety, regulate affect, and return to a healthy developmental trajectory. CPP normalizes the trauma-related response, supports the parent in recognizing and contextualizing their children’s behavior, and joins the dyad in co-constructing a developmentally appropriate trauma narrative to help organize and integrate their experience (Lieberman and Van Horn 2005).
The importance of antigenic variation in vaccine design.

It is an honor for me to give the Keynote Address at the Third International Symposium on Positive Strand RNA Viruses because I am following two major figures in positive strand RNA virus research. The Keynote Addresses at the two previous meetings were given by David Baltimore in 1986 and Paul Kaesberg in 1989. The first of these addresses was a highly detailed description of the genetics of poliovirus. The second was rather more philosophical and historical, pointing out important relationships between the animal and plant viruses coming under the general umbrella of positive strand RNA viruses, but stopping at events before 1975.
Phase IB trial of ADI-PEG 20 (A) plus nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) and gemcitabine (gem) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC).

295Background: ADI-PEG 20 (A) is a pegylated form of arginine depleting enzyme, arginine deaminase. Normal cells synthesise arginine using the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS). A selectively targets malignant cells which lack ASS. A has shown encouraging pre clinical activity as monotherapy in PC, and synergistic activity with gem and taxanes. Methods: Eligibility: Metastatic PC, up to one line of prior treatment (dose escalation cohort:ct) no prior treatment (expansion ct), ECOG 0-1.Treatment: gem 1,000 mg/m2, nab-P 125mg/m2 3 out of 4 weeks, A 18 mg IM weekly (ct 1), A 36mg weekly (ct 2 and expansion ct). Primary endpoint: determine MTD of A in combination with nab-P and gem. Statistical plan: Single arm, non-randomized, open-label, phase IB, standard 3 + 3 dose escalation with expansion ct of 9 patients at MTD. Secondary endpoints: progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, overall survival (OS), safety, tolerability, blood and archival tumor analyses for ASS expression and immunogenicity...
Abstract PR07: Identifying factors mediating response and resistance to chemotherapy through a chemical-genetic interaction map

Nearly every cancer patient, especially those with highly lethal and aggressive tumor types, is treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Currently, the selection of chemotherapy is based on average responses over a large number of patients. This belies our understanding of DNA repair that has demonstrated that the inability of a tumor cell to properly repair particular types of DNA damage has a dramatic influence on cell survival. Here, we report the generation of a quantitative chemical-genetic interaction map to chart the influence of knockdown of 625 genes on sensitivity to 30 FDA approved chemotherapeutic agents in breast epithelial cells. The resulting map highlights key genes which, when mutated or deleted in tumor cells, can dramatically induce sensitivity or resistance to particular DNA damaging agents. Interrogation of this map reveals new DNA repair factors that are recurrently deleted in breast and ovarian cancers, provides a platform for prediction of cancer cell line responses from genomic data and provides the basis for the prioritization of new drug combinations. Our data reveal that the loss of ARID1A, a key component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, drives resistance to cisplatin as well as PARP inhibition. Mechanistically, we uncover that ARID1A functions as a suppressor of DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and that its loss via mutation or deletion rescues HR in a BRCA1 independent fashion. Together, our data indicates a plethora of potential biomarkers for chemotherapy response and provides an opportunity for computational integration of chemical-genetic networks with patient genomic data to predict optimal chemotherapeutic regimes. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A14. Citation Format: Hsien-Ming Hu, Sourav Bandyopadhyay. Identifying factors mediating response and resistance to chemotherapy through a chemical-genetic interaction map [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on DNA Repair: Tumor Development and Therapeutic Response; 2016 Nov 2-5; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2017;15(4_Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.
Exploring hepsin functional genetic variation association with disease specific protein expression in bipolar disorder: Applications of a proteomic informed genomic approach.

Abstract In a prior discovery study, increased levels of serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), Hepsin (HPN), and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) were observed in bipolar depressed patients vs controls. This exploratory post-hoc analysis applied a proteomic-informed genomic research strategy to study the potential functional role of these proteins in bipolar disorder (BP). Utilizing the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database to identify cis-acting blood expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs), five eQTL variants from the HPN gene were analyzed for association with BP cases using genotype data of cases from the discovery study (n = 58) versus healthy controls (n = 777). After adjusting for relevant covariates, we analyzed the relationship between these 5 cis-eQTLs and HPN serum level in the BP cases. All 5 cis-eQTL minor alleles were significantly more frequent in BP cases vs controls [(rs62122114, OR = 1.6, p = 0.02), (rs67003112, OR = 1.6, p = 0.02), (rs4997929, OR = 1.7, p = 0.01), (rs12610663, OR = 1.7, p = 0.01), (rs62122148, OR = 1.7, P = 0.01)]. The minor allele (A) in rs62122114 was significantly associated with increased serum HPN level in BP cases (Beta = 0.12, P = 0.049). However, this same minor allele was associated with reduced gene expression in GTEx controls. These exploratory analyses suggest that genetic variation in/near the gene encoding for hepsin protein may influence risk of bipolar disorder. This genetic variation, at least for the rs62122114-A allele, may have functional impact (i.e. differential expression) as evidenced by serum HPN protein expression. Although limited by small sample size, this study highlights the merits of proteomic informed functional genomic studies as a tool to investigate with greater precision the genetic risk of bipolar disorder and secondary relationships to protein expression recognizing, and encouraging in subsequent studies, high likelihood of epigenetic modification of genetic disease risk.
Schottky Barrier Gate Charge-Coupled Devices

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a shift register in an integrated, compact format. The idea of making a shift register for analog signals and using it as a delay line, dates to the early fifties.(1) The basic principle is quite simple. Sampled values of the analog signal are stored in the form of charges on a series of capacitors. A switch between each capacitor transfers the charge from one capacitor to the next, following a command from a clock pulse.
Bismuth Doping of Germanium Nanocrystals through Colloidal Chemistry

Nanogermanium is a material that has great potential for technological applications, and doped and alloyed Ge nanocrystals (NCs) are actively being considered. New alloys and compositions are possible in colloidal synthesis because the reactions are kinetically rather than thermodynamically controlled. Most of the Group V elements have been shown to be n-type dopants in Ge to increase carrier concentration; however, thermodynamically, Bi shows no solubility in crystalline Ge. Bi-doped Ge NCs were synthesized for the first time in a microwave-assisted solution route. The oleylamine capping ligand can be replaced by dodecanethiol without loss of Bi. A positive correlation between the lattice parameter and the concentration of Bi content (0.5–2.0 mol %) is shown via powder X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM, and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy are consistent with the Bi solubility up to ...
3D printing electronic components and circuits with conductive thermoplastic filament

Abstract This work examines the use of dual-material fused filament fabrication for 3D printing electronic components and circuits with conductive thermoplastic filaments. The resistivity of traces printed from conductive thermoplastic filaments made with carbon-black, graphene, and copper as conductive fillers was found to be 12, 0.78, and 0.014 Ω cm, respectively, enabling the creation of resistors with values spanning 3 orders of magnitude. The carbon black and graphene filaments were brittle and fractured easily, but the copper-based filament could be bent at least 500 times with little change in its resistance. Impedance measurements made on the thermoplastic filaments demonstrate that the copper-based filament had an impedance similar to a copper PCB trace at frequencies greater than 1 MHz. Dual material 3D printing was used to fabricate a variety of inductors and capacitors with properties that could be predictably tuned by modifying either the geometry of the components, or the materials used to fabricate the components. These resistors, capacitors, and inductors were combined to create a fully 3D printed high-pass filter with properties comparable to its conventional counterparts. The relatively low impedance of the copper-based filament enabled its use for 3D printing of a receiver coil for wireless power transfer. We also demonstrate the ability to embed and connect surface mounted components in 3D printed objects with a low-cost ($1000 in parts), open source dual-material 3D printer. This work thus demonstrates the potential for FFF 3D printing to create complex, three-dimensional circuits composed of either embedded or fully-printed electronic components.
UNESCO on the Ground: Local Perspectives on Intangible Cultural Heritage

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) safeguarding and scholarship increasingly appropriate a domain long occupied by folklore. While ICH academic discourse rarely draws from folkloristics, engagement...
Modeling process-structure-property relationships for additive manufacturing

This paper presents our latest work on comprehensive modeling of process-structure-property relationships for additive manufacturing (AM) materials, including using data-mining techniques to close the cycle of design-predict-optimize. To illustrate the process-structure relationship, the multi-scale multi-physics process modeling starts from the micro-scale to establish a mechanistic heat source model, to the meso-scale models of individual powder particle evolution, and finally to the macro-scale model to simulate the fabrication process of a complex product. To link structure and properties, a high-efficiency mechanistic model, self-consistent clustering analyses, is developed to capture a variety of material response. The model incorporates factors such as voids, phase composition, inclusions, and grain structures, which are the differentiating features of AM metals. Furthermore, we propose data-mining as an effective solution for novel rapid design and optimization, which is motivated by the numerous influencing factors in the AM process. We believe this paper will provide a roadmap to advance AM fundamental understanding and guide the monitoring and advanced diagnostics of AM processing.
Approximate and Numerical Techniques in Fourier Transform

In this chapter we present some approximate and numerical techniques dealing with calculating the Fourier transform, which are needed (a) when no exact solution is available, or (b) the exact solution is too cumbersome. The five presented methods include approximating the time signal by a Taylor series and then finding the corresponding transform; approximating the function by a series of pulses and figuring the transform of these scaled, time-shifted pulses; approximating the function by a series of unit step functions and figuring the transform of these scaled, time-shifted unit step functions; using the time differentiating property; or using brute force numerical integration. We apply all 5 methods on a test case and for each case examine the spectrum and corresponding inverse transform which would be the reconstructed time signal. We show the relevant knobs and how by using more of those we achieve better accuracy. We even supply a C-program snippet to illustrate how to deal with complex numbers and do frequency integration. The brute numerical approach is especially important as it can pretty much be applied for any practical Fourier transform calculations, or inverse transform thereof.
Security Management Life Cycle (SMLC): A Comparative Study

We introduce an integrated conceptualization of enterprise information technology security management in the form of a life cycle that accounts for the people, processes, infrastructure, and applications within an enterprise. Our life cycle view provides a lens through which one can view the security management activities at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels with regard to their strategic alignment with organizational goals. We compare and contrast three widely adopted frameworks (COSO, COBIT and ITIL) for enterprise risk and IT management with respect to our life cycle. We conclude that although the definitions of each stage of the life cycle are similar in these frameworks, their approach, philosophy, and method of execution is primarily determined by their unique focus. By developing a life cycle abstraction which encapsulates all of these frameworks, security management can better understand how their responsibilities and activities support organizational objectives.
Progress Towards RNAi-Mediated Insect Pest Management

Abstract Gene suppression via RNA interference (RNAi) provides an alternative strategy for insect pest management. The ingestion by insects of double-stranded RNAs targeting essential insect genes can trigger RNAi and lead to growth inhibition, developmental aberrations, reduced fecundity, and mortality. This RNAi response is particularly acute in certain coleopteran species, most notably the western corn rootworm, a devastating pest impacting corn production in the United States. The development of next-generation rootworm-protected corn hybrids includes an RNAi-based trait that provides a mode of action distinct from those of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein-based traits currently used for rootworm pest management. Unfortunately, many insect species including important lepidoptera and hemiptera pests appear largely recalcitrant in their response to environmental RNA, suggesting biological barriers that thus far limit the utility of RNAi for agricultural pest management. This review will highlight recent efforts to understand the barriers to RNA delivery in recalcitrant insect species, describe recent advances in the commercial development of insect-protected crops and biological insecticides utilizing RNAi, and discuss this strategy in the context of an integrated pest management approach.
Safer electronic health records: Using the science of informatics to develop safety assessment guides.

Following the IOM report, “Health IT and Patient Safety: Building Safer Systems for Better Care,” the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology sponsored a project to address safety concerns in electronic health record-enabled (EHR) healthcare systems. To address the complexity of EHR-related errors and the difficulty in eliminating them, we designed the SAFER project (Safety Assurance Factors for EHR Resilience) to proactively identify potential safety issues and best practices for addressing them. We take into account the full sociotechnical context of EHR implementation and use. Our iterative work is grounded in several recently developed informatics-based scientific methods including: Review of scientific clinical informatics literature Use of Rapid Assessment Process mixed-methods approaches developed for evaluating EHR-enabled healthcare systems in context A semantic wiki for asynchronous collaboration An 8-dimension socio-technical model of safe and effective EHR use We are developing and piloting self-assessment “checklist-type” tools using a unique mix of methods based on the science of biomedical informatics. As the country continues its rapid EHR deployment, we believe that these tools are essential to ensure that the safety of the “EHR-enabled healthcare system” continues to improve.
Considerations of Conjoint Couples Therapy in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence

This article reviews the current literature on the implementation of conjoint couples counseling in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV). As maintained by feminist theorists, due to the possibi...
Risk of myelodysplasia in patients post solid organ transplant: A review of recent trends from a tertiary transplantation center.

7064Background: An increased incidence of AML has recently been documented in patients post-solid organ transplantation (SOT). However, little is known about the incidence and various types of Myel...
Three-dimensional tuning of head direction cells in rats

This study monitored head direction cell responses from rats in three dimensions using a series of manipulations that involved yaw, pitch, roll, or a combination of these rotations. Results showed ...
Analysis of Total Coliform and Total Escherichia coli Levels in the Fox River Watershed

The Fox River is an important water source for the Elgin, IL community. Fecal contaminants must be removed by water treatment facilities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and to provide potable water. Water samples from the Fox River watershed on or near Judson University campus were tested using the most probable number (MPN) method to determine coliform counts. Our data from this small independent project demonstrates that tap water is free of fecal contaminants and that the Fox River, its tributary Tyler Creek, and the Volkman Retention Pond often have levels of coliforms exceeding standards for recreational use.
Microvascular Decompression for Geniculate Neuralgia through a Retrosigmoid Approach.

Objectives To describe a retrosigmoid approach for the microvascular sectioning of the nervus intermedius and decompression of the 5th and 9th cranial nerves, with emphasis on microsurgical anatomy and technique. Design A retrosigmoid craniectomy is performed in the lateral decubitus position. The dura is opened and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is released from the cisterna magna and cerebellopontine cistern. Dynamic retraction without rigid retractors is performed. Subarachnoid dissection of the cerebellopontine angle exposes the 7th to 8th nerve complex. A neuromonitoring probe is used with careful inspection of the microsurgical anatomy to identify the facial nerve and the nervus intermedius as they enter the internal auditory meatus. The nervus intermedius is severed. A large vein coursing superiorly across cranial 9th nerve was coagulated and cut. A Teflon pledget is inserted between a small vessel and the 5th nerve. Photographs of the region are borrowed from Dr. Rhoton's laboratory to illustrate the microsurgical anatomy. Participants The senior author performed the surgery. The video was edited by Drs. V.N. and J.B. Outcome Measures Outcome was assessed by postoperative neurological function. Results The nervus intermedius was successfully cut and the 5th and 9th nerves were decompressed. The patient's pain resolved after surgery and at later follow-up. Conclusions Understanding the microsurgical anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle is necessary to identify the cranial nerves involved in facial pain syndromes. Subarachnoid dissection and meticulous microsurgical techniques are key elements for a successful microvascular decompression. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/pV5Wip7WusE .
Development of the Fatigue Risk Assessment and Management in High-Risk Environments (FRAME) Survey: A Participatory Approach.

Existing risk assessment tools are not effective or sustainable in identifying Oil and Gas Extraction (OGE) workers at high risk of fatigue-related injuries or incidents. We developed a comprehensive Fatigue Risk Assessment and Management in high-risk Environments (FRAME) survey through an industry-academic participatory approach. The FRAME survey was developed through: (1) systematic gathering of existing fatigue scales; (2) refining the inventory using the Delphi Consensus technique; and (3) further refinement through employee/worker focus groups. The participatory approach resulted in a final FRAME survey across four fatigue dimensions—sleep, shiftwork, physical, and mental fatigue, and was composed of 26 items. The FRAME survey was founded on occupational fatigue science and refined and tailored to the OGE industry, through rigorous industry stakeholder input, for safer, effective, practical, and sustainable fatigue assessment and management efforts.
Imaging Metabolically Active Fat: A Literature Review and Mechanistic Insights

Currently, obesity is one of the leading causes death in the world. Shortly before 2000, researchers began describing metabolically active adipose tissue on cancer-surveillance 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in adult humans. This tissue generates heat through mitochondrial uncoupling and functions similar to classical brown and beige adipose tissue in mice. Despite extensive research, human brown/beige fat’s role in resistance to obesity in humans has not yet been fully delineated. FDG uptake is the de facto gold standard imaging technique when studying brown adipose tissue, although it has not been rigorously compared to other techniques. We, therefore, present a concise review of established and emerging methods to image brown adipose tissue activity in humans. Reviewed modalities include anatomic imaging with CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); molecular imaging with FDG, fatty acids, and acetate; and emerging techniques. FDG-PET/CT is the most commonly used modality because of its widespread use in cancer imaging, but there are mechanistic reasons to believe other radiotracers may be more sensitive and accurate at detecting brown adipose tissue activity. Radiation-free modalities may help the longitudinal study of brown adipose tissue activity in the future.
Minnesota Department of Transportation Case Studies for Coreless Asphalt Pavement Compaction Assessment

Available methods for assessing hot-mix-asphalt pavements are typically restricted to destructive methods such as coring that damage the pavement and are limited in coverage. Recently, density prof...
On Assessing Ethics Learning

As departments search for meaningful ways to incorporate material on ethics into the computer science curriculum, effective assessment is critical. Motivated by a framework proposed by the ImpactCS project, we describe simple open-ended questions that could provide insight into learners' progress from awareness through evaluation to responsible behavior. In a study of 22 graduating seniors at a liberal arts college we found more complete answers to our open-ended questions tended to correlate with students' perception of personal growth in ethical awareness since arriving at college.
Introduction: human rights in international relations

Human rights are widely considered to be those fundamental moral rights of the person that are necessary for a life with human dignity. Human rights are thus means to a greater social end, and it is the legal system that tells us at any given point in time which rights are considered most fundamental in society. Even if human rights are thought to be inalienable, a moral attribute of persons that public authorities should not contravene, rights still have to be identified – that is, constructed – by human beings and codified in the legal system. While human rights have a long history in theory and even in spasmodic practice, it was the American and French revolutions of the eighteenth century that sought to create national polities based on broadly shared human rights. Despite the rhetoric of universality, however, human rights remained essentially a national matter, to be accepted or not, until 1945 when they were recognized in global international law. This book is about the evolution and status of human rights in international relations at the start of the twenty-first century. Thus this extended essay is about the effort to liberalize international relations – to make international relations conform to the liberal prescription for the good society. In the classical liberal view, the good society is based on respect for the equality and autonomy of individuals, which is assured through the recognition and application of the fundamental legal rights of the person. In this book liberalism is a synonym for attention to personal rights. But in international relations it has been widely believed that the state, not the individual, is the basic unit. And the core principle has been said to be state sovereignty and non-interference in the domestic affairs of states. In this book realism is a synonym for attention to state interests – foremost among which is security – and state power. The subject of international human rights thus projects liberalism into a realist world – a world dominated for several centuries by states and their collective interests.
Rhinoplasty in the aging patient

Aging can slowly affect the appearance and function of the nose. Rhinoplasty is becoming a more common procedure for older patients seeking reversal of these effects on their nasal form and function. A number of anatomical changes contribute to the classic changes in the aging nose: tip ptosis and a dorsal hump or pseudohump. The preoperative evaluation is critical in this patient population in which comorbidities are almost guaranteed and the risks of general anesthesia may frequently outweigh the benefits of the procedure, especially when solely cosmetic. Furthermore, the patient's chief complaint—aesthetic, functional, or both—must be explored and considered in choosing operative techniques. In older patients, multilevel surgery and more aggressive techniques are often needed to provide a substantial improvement than in younger patients. We advocate for a graduated approach that may include tip work, septoplasty, nasal valve correction, augmentation of the maxilla, and skin and rhinophyma excision.
Fracture analysis of 600 MW steam turbine valve bolts based on ultrasonic technology for coarse grains detection

Abstract Failure analysis of valve high temperature 20Cr1Mo1VTiB bolts used in a 600 MW steam turbine has been carried out. The valve bolts fractured with evidence of coarse grains. Chemical analysis, micro-structural characterization, fractography, mechanical properties measurement and ultrasonic detection were used for the analysis. The microstructure is frame structured bainite, coarse grains with serious directional were found. Which lead to the inferior impact toughness. It was concluded that all these factors produced brittle failure. In the meantime, the ultrasonic technology was be found which could efficiently to detect coarse grains of 20Cr1Mo1VTiB bolt. It is recommended to first guarantee the microstructure and mechanical properties of material. Secondly, use ultrasonic technology could detect coarse grains phenomenon of bolt. Finally, it is necessary to use the ultrasonic technology and metallographic examination technology to detect the coarse grains of all in-service 20Cr1Mo1VNbTiB or 20Cr1Mo1VTiB bolts, in order to avoid the same type of bolts fracture accident.
Self-assembly of bioinspired and biologically functional materials

Self-assembly enables hierarchical organization and compartmentalization of matter previously observed only in natural materials. Simple chemical motifs can be used to fabricate structures with diverse range of architectures and properties. The design principles, originally found in nature, are being implemented in self-assembled materials. The examples include high mechanical strength of bones and nacre achieved through hierarchical organic–inorganic organization, and DNA nanotechnology enabled by complementary bonding of DNA molecules. Building materials with controlled architectures from the nanoscale to the macroscale will lead to a combination of properties that will have significant impacts on fields ranging from tissue regeneration to optoelectronics.