cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent and Paleoindian Environments of the Southern High Plains

To this point, this study has presented a hypothesis about the relationship between variation in ungulate adaptations and variation in human organization and has tested this hypothesis on the basis of the recent bison-hunting groups on the Great Plains. The following chapters turn to one specific portion of the Plains— the Southern High Plains of west Texas and eastern New Mexico—to consider the relationship between changing ungulate adaptations and human organization during the Paleoindian Period (12,000 to 8000 b. p.) in light of this hypothesis. This chapter first describes the modern environment of this portion of the Plains, emphasizing those aspects of the environment that are particularly relevant to the issues that are important to the present study. Chapter 5 describes the modern climate of the region, and this discussion is not repeated here. This chapter then summarizes the data on climatic and other environmental conditions during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene and discusses the implications of these condi-tions for ungulate, particularly bison, populations in the region.
Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-1 Regulates Arp2/3-dependent Actin Assembly

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial parasite that uses host proteins to assemble an Arp2/3-dependent actin comet tail to power its movement through the host cell. Initiation of comet tail assembly is more efficient in cytosol than it is under defined conditions, indicating that unknown factors contribute to the reaction. We therefore fractionated cytosol and identified CRMP-1 as a factor that facilitates Arp2/3-dependent Listeria actin cloud formation in the presence of Arp2/3 and actin alone. It also scored as an important factor for Listeria actin comet tail formation in brain cytosol. CRMP-1 does not nucleate actin assembly on its own, nor does it directly activate the Arp2/3 complex. Rather, CRMP-1 scored as an auxiliary factor that promoted the ability of Listeria ActA protein to activate the Arp2/3 complex to trigger actin assembly. CRMP-1 is one member of a family of five related proteins that modulate cell motility in response to extracellular signals. Our results demonstrate an important role for CRMP-1 in Listeria actin comet tail formation and open the possibility that CRMP-1 controls cell motility by modulating Arp2/3 activation.
Persuasion under Higher-Order Uncertainty

We study a general model of persuasion games under higher-order uncertainty about the sender's knowledge of an uncertain state variable. Unlike situations where such uncertainty is absent, we show that higher-order uncertainty eliminates truth-telling as an equilibrium. Instead, equilibrium consists of a convex interval of states where either disclosure or complete non-disclosure occurs, depending on the relative slopes of the ideal action lines of the sender and receiver. When choosing between senders differing in both expertise and preference alignment, we offer conditions where expertise dominates regardless of the degree of preference misalignment. Absent higher-order uncertainty, we provide an algorithm for constructing a truthful equilibrium, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for equilibrium uniqueness.
A New Thermal Means for Gas Separation

In the last twenty years, there has been an immense improvement in the ability to build cryorefrigerators which achieve temperatures as low as 6.8 to 150 K in miniature size. This is true for a variety of refrigeration methods and cycles: the Stirling cycle, Gifford-McMahon cycle, Vuilleumier cycle, Solvay cycle, pulse tube refrigeration, and the free displacer refrigeration method [1–6].
Determining Aerosol Volatility Parameters Using a "Dual Thermodenuder" System: Application to Laboratory-Generated Organic Aerosols

Thermodenuders (TD) are a tool widely used for measuring aerosol volatility in the laboratory and field. Extracting the parameters that dictate organic aerosol volatility from TD data is challenging because gas-particle partitioning rarely reaches equilibrium inside a TD operating under atmospheric conditions, thus a wide variety of parameter sets can explain observed evaporation. Component volatilities (as represented by saturation vapor pressure, Csat), cannot be directly extracted due to uncertainties in potential limitations to mass transfer (represented by mass accommodation coefficient, α) and components’ enthalpies of evaporation (ΔHvap). To address these limitations, we have developed a “dual TD” experimental approach in which one line uses a temperature-stepping TD (TS-TD) with a relatively long residence time (RT) and the other operates isothermally at variable residence time (VRT-TD). Data from this approach are used in tandem with an optimizing evaporation kinetics model to extract the values ...
Online learning community software to support success in project teams

In this research we explore aspects of social interaction and community as they relate to success in project-based courses. Using specialized online community software consisting of social networking technologies and project-based wikis, project teams are able to collaborate and interact as they progress towards project milestones. Our study underscores the importance of sustained engagement as a means for fostering high levels of community and how these levels relate to project motivation and, ultimately, project success. Guided by a theoretical model that explains how individuals collaborate within online communities, we measure member perceptions of the software before and after our intervention. Survey results found that online learning community (OLC) software can successfully support learning and social interaction. These results are supported by a social network analysis (SNA), which shows high levels of individual engagement across the project lifecycle. Keywords: social networking, online learning community, wiki, project management, capstone project.
INTERACTION OF ACOUSTIC-VORTICITY WAVES WITH AN ANNULAR CASCADE IN A SWIRLING FLOW

The interaction of unsteady disturbances of a mean swirling flow with guide vanes is analyzed. The swirl produces centrifugal and Coriolis forces which couple the pressure and vorticity disturbances. The general form of an incident vortical disturbance (a gust) in vortical swirling flow is examined. A new definition is proposed for the generalized gust based on the eigenmode analysis of the unsteady Euler equations for a swirling motion. The obtained solutions describe a bounded nearly-convected wave coupled with a slowly growing instability wave. A generalized gust problem of unsteady three-dimensional waves impinging on a turbomachinery blading is then formulated and solved.
Wall modeling in large-eddy simulation: predicting accurate skin friction at very high Reynolds number

This paper addresses two major sources of errors encountered when modeling the wall shear stress (and heat flux when extended to compressible flow) in large-eddy simulation (LES) on grids that do not resolve the viscous layer: 1) the inevitable presence of numerical and subgrid modeling errors in the first grid point off the wall, and 2) the errors in estimating wall shear stress from a given outer-layer velocity. We propose simple yet efficient methods that minimize the impact of these two errorson the computed statistics (specifically, the predicted skin friction) and make the wall model applicable in an equilibrium boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers. The resultant dynamic procedure in the wall model shows good agreement with the available experimental and numerical data without showing the typical logarithmic layer mismatch, whereas no existing wall-stress models without a control theory that solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations on the embedded inner-layer mesh are able to predict the correct intercept in the Van Driest transformed velocity (i.e., the skin friction). The proposed wall model stems directly from considerations of how turbulence length scales behave in the logarithmic layer.
MondoA senses adenine nucleotides: transcriptional induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein.

The MondoA–Mlx transcription complex plays a pivotal role in glucose homoeostasis by activating target gene expression in response to G6P (glucose 6-phosphate), the first reaction intermediate in glycolysis. TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) is a direct and glucose-responsive target of MondoA that triggers a negative-feedback loop by restricting glucose uptake when G6P levels increase. We show in the present study that TXNIP expression is also activated by AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside) and adenosine. Using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdowns of purine metabolic enzymes, we establish that TXNIP induction by AICAR and adenosine requires their cellular uptake and metabolism to adenine nucleotides. AICAR induction of TXNIP depended on MondoA, but was independent of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation and calcium. The findings of the present study have two important implications. First, in addition to activating AMPK, AICAR may have AMPK-independent effects on gene expression by regulating MondoA–Mlx activity following its flux into the adenine nucleotide pool. Secondly, MondoA–Mlx complexes sense elevated levels of G6P and adenine nucleotides to trigger a TXNIP-dependent feedback inhibition of glycolysis. We propose that this mechanism serves as a checkpoint to restore metabolic homoeostasis.
Metabolic Deficits and Surgical Complications

Unrealistic estimates of fluid and electrolyte losses in acute surgical disorders and inadequate quantitative and qualitative replacement play significant roles in determining operative mortality and postoperative morbidity. Five case histories illustrate some common errors in preoperative and postoperative management: failure to recognize fluid and electrolyte losses, failure to recognize blood loss, failure to treat infection promptly, failure to recognize and replenish nutritional losses, and failure to recognize adrenocortical insufficiency.
Local anesthetic techniques for diagnosis of lameness.

Local anesthetic techniques commonly used for the diagnosis of lameness are described. Local anesthetic agents, patient preparation and handling, and relevant clinical anatomy are reviewed. A new approach to the fetlock joint and special considerations regarding proximal palmar metacarpal analgesia are discussed.
Torsional strength of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing–fabricated esthetic orthodontic brackets

ABSTRACT Objective: To fabricate orthodontic brackets from esthetic materials and determine their fracture resistance during archwire torsion. Materials and Methods: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology (Cerec inLab, Sirona) was used to mill brackets with a 0.018 × 0.025-inch slot. Materials used were Paradigm MZ100 and Lava Ultimate resin composite (3M ESPE), Mark II feldspathic porcelain (Vita Zahnfabrik), and In-Ceram YZ zirconia (Vita Zahnfabrik). Ten brackets of each material were subjected to torque by a 0.018 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire (G&H) using a specially designed apparatus. The average moments and degrees of torsion necessary to fracture the brackets were determined and compared with those of commercially available alumina brackets, Mystique MB (Dentsply GAC). Results: The YZ brackets were statistically significantly stronger than any other tested material in their resistance to torsion (P < .05). The mean torques at failure ranged from 3467 g.mm for Mark II...
On the renormalization-group analysis of gauge groups containing U(1) ⊗ U(1) factors

I point out the existence of misconceptions of a similar nature in the analyses of two different cases in which a grand unified theory---SO(10) in the first case, SU(8) in the second one---breaks to the standard model via an intermediate-energy gauge group containing a factor U(1) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(1). In the second case, false conclusions have been drawn concerning the possible unification of the gauge couplings. The erroneous procedure has been to use two U(1) factors which, though orthogonal relative to complete representations of the grand unification group, are not orthogonal when considering only the low-mass fields.
Paradoxes of a Transnational Civil Society in a Neoliberal World: The Coalition for Justice in the Maquiladoras

Our current moment of contention over globalization is only the latest phase of conflict between an expansionist model of liberal capitalism and resistance movements. In today’s neoliberal moment, a variety of movements are articulating grievances against polarizing inequalities, unaccountable corporate power, and declining social and environmental health. As states limit their redistributive and regulatory functions, these movements are coalescing into cross-border networks (Keck and Sikkink 1998;Guidry, Kennedy and Zald 2000;Smith and Johnston 2002a). In the process of sharing frameworks of grievance and action, these movements are shaping transnational civil societies,1 public spaces that span geographic, cultural, and political borders (Basch, Glick Schiller and Szanton Blanc 1994: 7), and are relatively autonomous from governments and market actors (Alvarez, Dagnino and Escobar 1998: 16–17; Florini 2000). While transnational civil societies vary, those challenging neoliberalism typically offer a counter-hegemonic globalization, or a ‘globalization from below’ (Falk 1998; Brecher, Costello and Smith 2000).
Classic Mimbres Land Use in the Eastern Mimbres Region, Southwestern New Mexico

The abandonment of the Mimbres Valley between A.D. 1130 and 1150 is reexamined with data from an adjacent area. Land-use changes in the eastern Mimbres area, from the Rio Grande up the eastern slop...
The Road to Peace, 1942–5

America’s entry into and ending of the Pacific War have become clouded by controversy. Did Roosevelt cynically lure the Japanese fleet into attacking Pearl Harbor to bring America into the war? Did Truman just as cynically order the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to contain the Soviet Union in the Far East and elsewhere even though Japan’s surrender may have been imminent? These questions form the bookends of American policy toward Japan during World War II.
Sexual Socialization Messages in Television Programming Produced for Adolescents

This study examined sexual content in American prime-time programs popular among the tween (9–14 years of age) audience on broadcast networks and programs aired on the most popular adolescent TV networks—an understudied area of media research. Consistent with past research, the majority of broadcast shows contained sexual talk and behaviors, as did adolescent shows. No significant difference was observed between the two types of shows regarding the frequency with which sexual behaviors were presented in a given hour of TV programming. The amount of scene focus paid to sexual themes varied, but studio audiences were almost always heard positively reinforcing these messages. The findings are discussed with respect to social cognitive and cultivation theories.
Conference Direction and Control of Athletics in the Middle West

(1911). Conference Direction and Control of Athletics in the Middle West. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 95-101.
Fast transportation network traversal with hyperedges: (industrial paper)

Network data models are frequently used as a mechanism to solve wide range of problems typical for the GIS applications and transportation planning in particular. Because of their popularity and efficiency those models tend to grow in size and complexity. This growth however creates multiple scalability issues caused by the large number of network elements that have to be examined during the network traversal. In this paper we present an extension of our network model tailored towards improving the performance of hierarchical point to point solve operations. The proposed solution is based on introducing a new network edge type that we term hyperedges. We describe how hyperedges can be specified with a re-interpretation of our existing any-vertex connectivity policy on edges, discusses some modeling issues, and also provide insights of our implementation experience and the impact which those novel network elements have on the solve performance. Our solution is based on the existing database functionality (tables, joins, sorting algorithms) provided by a standard relational DBMS and has been implemented and tested and currently being shipped as a part of the ESRI ArcGIS 10.1 platform and all subsequent releases.
Photopatterned Hydrogels to Investigate the Endothelial Cell Response to Matrix Stiffness Heterogeneity

Age-related intimal stiffening is associated with increased endothelium permeability, an initiating step in atherosclerosis. Notably, in addition to a bulk increase in matrix stiffness, the aged intima also exhibits increased spatial stiffness heterogeneity. We investigate the effect of heterogeneous matrix stiffness on endothelial cells. Methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogels are fabricated and photopatterned to create substrates with 50-and 100 μm squares containing soft and stiff matrix regions of 2.7 ± 0.7 and 10.3 ± 3.9 kPa. On the patterned matrices, endothelial cells integrate subcellular matrix stiffness cues at stiffness interfaces, and focal adhesions are increased in the cell body adhered to stiff matrix regions. Increased matrix stiffness heterogeneity disrupts cell–cell junctions in confluent endothelial monolayers. Together, this work indicates that the spatial presentation of matrix mechanical cues, in addition to bulk substrate compliance, play a role in governing endothelial single cell ...
The future of immunotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: a review

Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a foundation treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), though few critical studies have documented its effectiveness as a disease-modifying treatment in dogs. The mechanisms by which ASIT works in dogs have not been elucidated, although they are likely to parallel those known for humans. Current ASIT approaches in CAD focus on either subcutaneous or sublingual administration. Greater knowledge of major allergens in dogs, ideal dosage regimes and details of allergen admixture are likely to lead to better efficacy in CAD. Evaluation of biomarkers for successful therapy may also be of benefit. Potentially important advances in human medicine, that have yet to be explored in dogs, include use of modified allergen preparations such as allergoids, recombinant major allergens or allergen peptides; modification with adjuvants; or packaging of the above in virus-like particles. Co-administration of immunomodulators such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or specific monoclonal antibodies might direct the immune response in the desired direction while calming the "cytokine storm" of active disease. Initial trials of alternative routes of administration such as intralymphatic immunotherapy have yielded exciting results in humans, and continuing study in dogs is underway. Progress in ASIT of human food allergy may provide clues that will assist with improved diagnosis and patient management of CAD. Importantly, further study must be undertaken to clarify the conditions under which ASIT is a valuable treatment modality for dogs.
Topotecan consolidation after etoposide platinum for limited stage small cell lung cancer patients who do not receive prophylactic cranial irradiation

7553 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of new lung cancer diagnoses in the US and about one third of patients present with limited stage (LD-SCLC). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is standard and produces long-term survival in up to 25% of good performance status (PS) patients. Some patients refuse or are ineligible for PCI resulting in poorer outcome. Topotecan is active against SCLC and crosses the blood brain barrier suggesting that it might reduce brain metastases in this group. This phase II trial was designed to explore that possibility. Methods: Eligible patients had declined or were ineligible for PCI after completing standard platinum etoposide chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy for LD-SCLC with at least a partial response (PR), had recovered from toxicity with PS 0–1, and had no evidence of brain metastases. Patients received 1.5 mg/m2/day topotecan IV for 5 consecutive days every 21 days for four cycle...
Differences in Evaluations of Environmental Innovations Immigrant vs. Non-immigrant Entrepreneurs

This article addresses the gap in our understanding of how entrepreneurs weigh the trade-offs associated with environmental innovations by examining the role immigration status plays in the decisio...
Instability after total knee arthroplasty: Wobble and buckle

Abstract Instability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common reason for component failure and revision surgery. These patients require a thorough workup at presentation in order to accurately diagnose instability as being the cause for the patient's symptoms and to identify the reason for the knee instability. Instability after TKA is classified as global versus isolated instability. The isolated instability can be further categorized as extension instability, flexion instability, or recurvatum. The goal of revision surgery for instability is largely to recreate equal flexion and extension gaps. Good results can be obtained after revision surgery for instability.
A Research Agenda for High-Value Palliative Care

Demand for palliative care has outstripped the supply of palliative care specialists. The authors propose a research agenda organized around 5 key questions on the optimal organization and allocati...
Making a Case for Forgiveness as a Major Goal of Christian Education, with Implications for Christian Educators:

Can forgiveness be a major goal of Christian education? Can the common objectives of Christian education be operationalized around the goal of helping congregants exhibit Christ-like love for the o...
Influences of the Menstrual Phase on Cortisol Response to Stress in Nicotine Dependent Women: A Preliminary Examination.

INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that menstrual cycle phase plays a role in smoking withdrawal symptoms and craving. Stress increases these symptoms. Whether the stress regulatory mechanism is associated with menstrual phase and withdrawal symptoms is not well understood. METHODS Thirty-seven female smokers and 16 female nonsmokers were asked to complete a laboratory session. In each group, approximately half of the participants were tested when they were in the follicular phase and the other half was tested in the luteal phase. The session included resting baseline, stress, and recovery periods. Saliva samples for the measurement of cortisol and subjective measures of craving and withdrawal symptoms were collected at the end of each period. RESULTS A series of repeated measures analysis of covariance found a significant smoking group × menstrual phase × sampling time interaction in cortisol levels (p < .05). Follow-up analyses indicated a reduced cortisol stress response in the luteal group relative to the follicular group in smokers (p < .02). This difference was not found in nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Menstrual cycle phase is related to hormonal stress response and smoking withdrawal symptomatology. IMPLICATIONS We show influences of the menstrual cycle phase on stress response among smokers. This is demonstrated by a reduced cortisol response to stress in the luteal group relative to the follicular group among smokers. This menstrual phase difference was not found in nonsmokers.
Managing cool-season weeds in sugarbeet grown for biofuel in the southeastern United States.

Sugarbeet, grown for biofuel, is being considered as an alternate cool-season crop in the southeastern U.S. coastal plain. Typically, the crop would be seeded in the autumn, then grow through the winter and be harvested the following spring. Labels for herbicides registered for use on sugarbeet grown in the traditional sugarbeet production regions do not list any of the cool-season weeds common in the southeastern United States. Field trials were initiated near Ty Ty, GA, to evaluate all possible combinations of ethofumesate applied PRE, phenmedipham desmedipham applied POST, clopyralid POST, and triflusulfuron POST for cool-season weed control in sugarbeet. Phenmedipham desmedipham alone and in combination with clopyralid and/or triflusulfuron effectively controlled cutleaf eveningprimrose, lesser swinecress, henbit, and corn spurry when applied to seedling weeds. Ethofumesate PRE alone was not as effective in controlling cool-season weeds compared to treatments containing phenmedipham desmedipham POST. However, ethofumesate PRE applied sequentially with phenmedipham desmedipham POST improved weed control consistency. Clopyralid and/or triflusulfuron alone did not adequately control cutleaf eveningprimrose. Triflusulfuron alone effectively controlled wild radish. In the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 seasons, December-applied POST herbicides did not injure sugarbeet. However, in the 2015–2016 season POST herbicides were applied in late October. On the day of treatment, the maximum temperature was 25.4 C, which exceeded the established upper temperature limit of 22 C for safe application of phenmedipham desmedipham, and sugarbeet plants were severely injured. In the southeastern United States, temperatures frequently exceed 22 C in early autumn, which may limit phenmedipham desmedipham use for controlling troublesome cool-season weeds of sugarbeet in the region. Weed control options need to be expanded to compensate for this limitation.Nomenclature: Clopyralid; ethofumesate; phenmedipham desmedipham; triflusulfuron; corn spurry, Spergula arvensis L.; cutleaf eveningprimrose, Oenothera laciniata Hill; henbit, Lamium amplexicaule L.; lesser swinecress, Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.; wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum L.; sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L.
Parenté, polit ique et comptabilité. Chroniques familiales autour de 1500 (Suisse et Allemagne du Sud)

Les chroniques allemandes et suisses qui, autour de 1500, contiennent des memoires sur les familles de leurs auteurs ont depuis longtemps suscite l’interet des historiens ; ces derniers ont eu tendance a les interpreter comme l’expression d’une reflexion intime sur soi. L’examen de leur utilisation concrete revele pourtant que ces documents se situent dans une negociation, officielle ou officieuse, de revendications, qui prend place aussi bien entre membres de la famille qu’entre citoyens et autorite publique. Les chroniques se presentent comme les instruments d’une culture politique ou l’appartenance familiale et l’echange de faveurs et de services structurent l’ordre public. D’une maniere quasiment comptable, les auteurs decrivent les evenements qui servent a justifier leurs pretentions personnelles sur le patrimoine materiel et symbolique de leurs familles. De facon analogue, ils dressent l’inventaire de leurs merites et de ceux de leurs familles vis-a-vis de la ville afin de legitimer la concession de privileges. D’ailleurs le genre meme des chroniques semble se conformer aux modeles offert par les nouvelles pratiques administratives de l’ecrit.
Communication with Patients with Hereditary Cancer: Practical Considerations Focusing on Women’s Cancers

Advances in our understanding of genetic pathways associated with hereditary cancers carry with them a responsibility to provide patients and their families with up-to-date concepts of cancer screening and prevention. In addition, cancers arising in carriers of BRCA mutations may be more responsive to new treatments (such as with the so-called poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase [PARP] inhibitors) that seemingly have greater efficacy against these hereditary tumors. Access to appropriate educational materials for both patients and families coupled with dialogue between biomedical specialists is a necessary ingredient for providing optimal guidance when facing BRCA and other known genetically related cancers. Much can also be learned by emerging literature by patients and their families. Through examples, we emphasize the special needs of these patients in ongoing communications with their physician and related health advisors.
Modeling and Simulation of the Mechanical Response of Nanowires

We present here a contemporary review of the hitherto computational analyses of the mechanical deformation of nanowires. The bulk of the research reported in the literature concern metallic nanowires made of copper, gold, nickel, and their alloys and carbon nanotubes. Research has also been reported for nanowires with molecules having long chain structures (e.g., Silicon Diselenide (SiSe2)). Calculations have primarily focused on discrete simulations using molecular dynamics (MD). In some cases, ab initio and first principle calculations have also been carried out [1, 2]. Recently, some researchers have attempted to use continuum formulations to obtain macroscale interpretations of the results of molecular simulations [3, 4]. Interatomic potentials used for modeling interactions between the atoms/molecules in these nanowires include empirical two-body potentials such as the Lennard-Jones potential and many-body potentials such as the embedded atom method (EAM) potential [5, 6]. Issues analyzed include structural changes under loading [7–10], the formation and propagation of defects [11–13], and the effect of the magnitude of applied loading on deformation mechanisms [2, 8, 10]. Efforts have also been made to correlate results of simulations with experimental observations. However, direct comparisons are difficult since most simulations are carried out under conditions of extremely high strain rates due to computational limitations. In some cases, excellent results have been reported and clear understandings have been obtained. However, this area of research is still in a nascent stage and significant work lies ahead in terms of problem formulation, interpretation of results, identification and delineation of deformation mechanisms, and constitutive characterization of behavior. We first present an introduction to commonly adopted methods in the studies of the deformation of nanowires, followed by an overview of findings concerning the mechanics of nanowires. We will also present some recent results from our own work with an emphasis on the effects of strain rate and wire size on the stress-strain relations of nanowires. One interest is to reach down to lower strain rates (107 s−1 at this time) and avoid artificial schemes necessitated by computational limitations. We will conclude by offering some thoughts on future directions in the rich and largely under-explored territory of the computational mechanics of nanowires.
Linkage Propositions between Fifty Principal Systems Concepts

Ackoff states that “the concepts and terms commonly used to talk about systems have not themselves been organized into a system [1].” Margaret Mead can be heard meeting after meeting criticizing the field she helped popularize for not applying the “systems approach” to itself. The comparatively slow development of a paradigm in general systems theory [compare with fields described in (2) and especially (3)] is characterized by endless redefining of the same few terms followed by the rediscovery, and often rewording of the most common of these terms in each new discipline as it “popularizes” the systems level for itself. The result has been confusion in terminology, a highly fractured and “fuzzy” paradigm, and a set of introductory texts [4, 5, 6, 7] none of which can be expected to cover more than a part of the whole set of concepts available. The fragmentation of concepts between disciplines and approaches has stifled the widespread awareness of the consistent set of linkages that potentially exist among the concepts.
Multiscale Tumor Modeling With Drug Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile Using Stochastic Hybrid System

Effective cancer treatment strategy requires an understanding of cancer behavior and development across multiple temporal and spatial scales. This has resulted into a growing interest in developing multiscale mathematical models that can simulate cancer growth, development, and response to drug treatments. This study thus investigates multiscale tumor modeling that integrates drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) information using stochastic hybrid system modeling framework. Specifically, (1) pathways modeled by differential equations are adopted for gene regulations at the molecular level; (2) cellular automata (CA) model is proposed for the cellular and multicellular scales. Markov chains are used to model the cell behaviors by taking into account the gene expression levels, cell cycle, and the microenvironment. The proposed model enables the prediction of tumor growth under given molecular properties, microenvironment conditions, and drug PK/PD profile. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the results agree with observed tumor behaviors.
Pseudohyperphosphatemia in a patient with incidentally identified progression of smoldering myeloma.

Abstract Background Pseudohyperphosphatemia is a rare laboratory finding in MM, especially in patients with smoldering myeloma (SMM) progressing to symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). Laboratorians and clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon and take necessary actions to avoid misdiagnosis. Methods Specimens from a monoclonal IgG kappa SMM patient with extremely high serum phosphorus concentrations measured by the Roche phosphomolybdate assay were re-evaluated using serial dilutions and the ORTHO VITROS assay free from monoclonal gammaglobulin interference. Serum free kappa/lambda chain ratio was also assessed. Results Both serial dilutions and the ORTHO VITROS assay normalized serum phosphorus concentrations, suggesting the extremely high serum phosphorus concentrations measured by the Roche assay is due to interference from monoclonal gammaglobulin. Additionally, the patient's serum free kappa/lambda ratio was >100. Based on serum free kappa/lambda ratio, disease progression from SMM to MM was diagnosed. Conclusions Prompt and appropriate laboratory investigations ensure correct diagnosis of pseudohyperphosphatemia and help clinicians properly manage patients. To our knowledge, this patient is the first reported case of pseudohyperphosphatemia in patients with progression from SMM to MM.
Prior Sensitivity of the Posterior Predictive Checks Method for Item Response Theory Models.

ABSTRACTBayesian item response theory (IRT) modeling stages include (a) specifying the IRT likelihood model, (b) specifying the parameter prior distributions, (c) obtaining the posterior distribution, and (d) making appropriate inferences. The latter stage, and the focus of this research, includes model criticism. Choice of priors with the posterior predictive checks (PPC) model-checking method requires more attention. The objective of this research is to investigate the extent of the effect of prior specification on the conclusions drawn from the PPC method. Findings indicated that the choice of discrepancy measure is an important factor in the overall success of the method, and that different discrepancy measures are affected more than others by prior specification. The use of percent correct as a discrepancy statistic was ineffective regardless of prior specification or type of misfit. Recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided.
Black Feminism in Qualitative Inquiry: A Mosaic for Writing Our Daughter's Body

Recently, Black women have taken the world stage in national politics, popular culture, professional sports, and bringing attention to racial injustice in policing and the judicial system. However, rarely are Black women acknowledged and highlighted for their efforts to understand the social problems confronting our generation and those generations that came before us. In the post-civil rights era, research faculty and theoreticians must acknowledge the marginalization of Black women scholars’ voices in contemporary qualitative scholarship and debates. Black Feminism in Qualitative Inquiry: A Mosaic for Writing our Daughter's Body engages qualitative inquiry to center the issues and concerns of Black women as researcher(s) and the researched while simultaneously questioning the ostensible innocence of qualitative inquiry, including methods of data collection, processes of data analysis, and representations of human experiences and identities. The text centers "daughtering" as the onto-epistemological tool for approaches to Black feminist and critical race data analysis in qualitative inquiry. Advanced and novice researchers interested in decolonizing methodologies and liberatory tools of analysis will find the text useful for cultural, education, political, and racial critiques that center the intersectional identities and interpretations of Black women and girls and other people of color. Daughtering as a tool of analysis in Black feminist qualitative inquiry is our own cultural and spiritual way of being, doing, and performing decolonizing work.
Conduction through plasma-treated polyimide: analysis of high-field conduction by hopping and Schottky theory

Plasma surface modification of polyimide (PI) films has been used to modify the material’s wetting and adhesion properties but has also been found to impact high-field electrical properties. Previous work by Meddeb et al. (Chem Phys Lett 649:111–114, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.037 ) demonstrates a significant reduction in high-field leakage current at high temperatures because of O2 plasma treatment of PI. In this study, we investigate field-dependent current density [J(E)] data measured in our previous study by Meddeb et al. (2016) to identify the surface and bulk mechanisms responsible for high-field conduction behavior of O2 plasma-modified PI films. Specifically, we analyze the J(E) data using three conduction theories: Poole–Frenkel, Schottky, and Hopping. Poole–Frenkel and Schottky analyses are performed by the implementation of linear regression. Hopping analysis was performed using a rigorous statistical technique that incorporates nonlinear regression as well as a bootstrap statistical analysis of fit parameters. Analysis of J(E) data over the temperature range 25–175 °C indicates that 13-micron-thick untreated PI films are dominated by a hopping process at lower temperatures; however, transition to Schottky-dominated conduction occurs as temperature is increased. Films treated with O2 plasma show similar characteristics to the untreated set: Hopping dominated conduction at low temperatures with gradual transition to Schottky. However, the transition to Schottky conduction occurs at a higher temperature in plasma-treated films in comparison with the untreated control set. These results are verified by (1) extracting dielectric permittivity from Schottky plots as a function of temperature and (2) a statistical interpretation of confidence intervals calculated for hopping fit parameters used in low-temperature nonlinear regression. Outcomes from theoretical analysis of the data are used to provide further insight into how surface chemistry may be tailored to limit high-field leakage current in polyimides and insulating polymers in general.
How Many Students Work Best in an After-School Program? Are Small Groups Better than Large After-School Programs? What Ages? The 2010–2011 Group Report

Community-based after-school programs have spread widely, but with varying results. No longer devoted primarily to child care or recreation, many of these programs address children’s academic, social, and interpersonal needs. Prior research has established a relationship among academic skills, particularly reading, and mental health. Children who learn to read can function more effectively in school and develop a stronger sense of self-efficacy. Prevention groups can aid this process by using group process to develop cohesive groups in which children can improve their reading skills.
A priori estimates in terms of the maximum norm for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for the periodic initial data

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $n\geq 3 $ with smooth periodic initial data and derive a priori estimtes of the maximum norm of all derivatives of the solution in terms of the maximum norm of the initial data. This paper is a special case of a paper by H-O Kreiss and J. Lorenz which also generalizes the main result of their paper to higher dimension.
Torsional Fatigue Failure of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel of Reduced Specimen Size

The torsional fatigue response of as-built direct metal laser sintered (DMLS) stainless steel (SS) GP1 of reduced specimen size and horizontal build orientation subjected to cyclic loading at a highly plastic shear strain has been investigated. The average shear modulus, G, was found to be 55.36 GPa, with shear stress history revealing cyclic hardening to stabilization and softening to fracture. Findings suggest that stainless steel GP1 of reduced specimen size experiences fatigue crack initiation at voids near the surface, resulting in a star-spline brittle fracture response, and premature torsional fatigue failure within the low cycle fatigue regime. A noninteraction deformation constitutive model through finite element simulations has been used to successfully simulate the deformation response of the gage section under torsional fatigue conditions.
Erratum to: Interleukin 1β Regulates Progesterone Metabolism in Human Cervical Fibroblasts

On page 280 of the March 2012 issue of Reproductive Sciences, the following should have been inserted as Figure 9:
Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), also known as Mullerian-inhibiting substance, is produced by Sertoli cells of the fetal testis and normally causes regression of the Mullerian structures that would otherwise persist in the pathway of normal female development. AMH acts on anti-Mullerian hormone receptor, type II (AMHR2), causing regression of Mullerian ducts. In PMDS, failure to either secrete AMH or act on AMHR2 causes persistence of Mullerian structures in the male.
Association Between Mothers’ Alcohol Use Histories and Deficient Parenting in an Economically Disadvantaged Sample:

Objective:Problematic maternal alcohol use confers risk for child maltreatment, though the effect on specific aspects of parenting is unclear. This study examined concurrent and prospective links a...
Life expectancy and active life expectancy by disability status in older U.S. adults.

Objectives The Medicare Health Outcome Survey (HOS) is the largest longitudinal survey of the U.S. community-dwelling elderly population. This study estimated total life expectancy, active life expectancy (ALE), and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by disability status among HOS participants. Methods Data were from the Medicare HOS Cohort 15 (baseline 2012, follow-up 2014). We included respondents aged ≥ 65 years (n = 164,597). Participants' disability status was assessed based on the following six activities of daily living (ADL): bathing, dressing, eating, getting in or out of chairs, walking, and using the toilet. The multi-state models were used to estimate life expectancy, ALE, and DFLE by participants' baseline disability status and age. Results Persons who had higher-level ADL limitations had a shorter life expectancy, ALE, and DFLE. Also persons with disability had greater expected life years with disability than those with no limitations and those with mild limitations. For example, among 65-year old respondents with no limitations, mild limitations, and disability, life expectancy was 19.9, 18.6, and 17.1 years, respectively; ALE was 14.0, 9.5, and 7.2 years, respectively; DFLE was 17.3, 15.2, and 11.4 years, respectively; and expected years with disability was 2.6, 3.4, and 5.7 years, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that greater levels of disability adversely impact life expectancy, ALE, DFLE, and expected number of years with a disability among U.S. older adults. Understanding levels of disability, and how these may change over time, would enhance health care quality and planning services related to home care and housing in this community-dwelling population.
Real-Time Visualization of a Focused Ultrasound Beam Using Ultrasonic Backscatter

Focused ultrasound (FUS) therapies induce therapeutic effects in localized tissues using either temperature elevations or mechanical stresses caused by an ultrasound wave. During an FUS therapy, it is crucial to continuously monitor the position of the FUS beam in order to correct for tissue motion and keep the focus within the target region. Toward the goal of achieving real-time monitoring for FUS therapies, we have developed a method for the real-time visualization of an FUS beam using ultrasonic backscatter. The intensity field of an FUS beam was reconstructed using backscatter from an FUS pulse received by an imaging array and then overlaid onto a B-mode image captured using the same imaging array. The FUS beam visualization allows one to monitor the position and extent of the FUS beam in the context of the surrounding medium. Variations in the scattering properties of the medium were corrected in the FUS beam reconstruction by normalizing based on the echogenicity of the coaligned B-mode image. On average, normalizing by echogenicity reduced the mean square error between FUS beam reconstructions in nonhomogeneous regions of a phantom and baseline homogeneous regions by 21.61. FUS beam visualizations were achieved, using a single diagnostic imaging array as both an FUS source and an imaging probe, in a tissue-mimicking phantom and a rat tumor in vivo with a frame rate of 25–30 frames/s.
Partner Violence among Female Students Attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in Emerging Adulthood

Studies examining college dating violence to date have focused exclusively on university settings where White students are overrepresented and Black students are limited. Historically Black College...
Autonomy's Hierarchy of Needs: Smart City Ecosystems for Autonomous Space Habitats

Space habitats such as NASA's proposed Artemis Base Camp will house both astronauts and autonomous systems. The Artemis Base Camp's infrastructure could provide supporting services to its tenants to optimize their function. This calls for a smart city ecosystem. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs has been engaged as a framework to inform human-centric smart city design and feature prioritization; however, autonomous systems have different needs to humans. This paper aligns the needs of humans and autonomous systems in a framework called Autonomy's Hierarchy of Needs, which provides a smart city ecosystem design framework for the Artemis Base Camp.
Diagnosis of Vestibular Migraine

Migraine is a common cause of vestibular discomforts. Vestibular symptoms should be considered as equivalents to the commonly known migraine symptoms, such as visual aura, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and headaches and are among the cardinal presentations of migraine in many patients. Those vestibular symptoms reflect the impaired perception of a normal or physiological spatial orientation and head motion. The subject’s vestibular system becomes unusually susceptible and over-reactive. To be diagnosed with vestibular migraine, the patient must have both unequivocal vestibular symptoms and a history of migraine. In addition, a temporal correlation between those vestibular symptoms and the migraine history must exist and alternative causes excluded. A few clinical vertiginous conditions have significant overlaps with migraine in their clinical presentations and may also share similarities in their pathologies. Those conditions must be recognized and differentiated from each other. Recent international efforts have resulted in newly proposed criteria for diagnosing vestibular migraine. These criteria can be used as references in the clinical reasoning toward diagnosing this common neurological disorder.