cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
River networks and groundwater flow: a simultaneous solution of a coupled system

Coupled hydrologic modeling of surface and subsurface systems are necessary to obtain a better understanding of hydrologic pathways in a watershed. In early studies, the coupling is achieved by linking the two systems through an iterative process in which convergence of parameters linking the two domains are defined as the criteria for an acceptable solution. In this study, we propose a new approach based on the simultaneous solution of coupled channel and groundwater flow systems. The proposed method is based on the idea of solving a single global matrix at once rather than solving separate matrices for each flow domain while improving the solution iteratively. The proposed solution technique is implemented by coupling a one-dimensional channel network flow model that uses the complete form of the St Venant equation with a two-dimensional vertically averaged groundwater flow model. The proposed approach provides a more efficient solution strategy for the coupled flow problem and demonstrates an effective process of integrating the two hydrologic systems.
Design of Broadband Highly Efficient Harmonic-Tuned Power Amplifier Using In-Band Continuous Class- ${\hbox{F}}^{-1}/{\hbox{F}}$ Mode Transferring

A novel methodology for designing high-frequency broadband harmonic-tuned power amplifiers (PAs) is presented in this paper. Specifically, a hybrid PA mode, transferring between continuous inverse Class-F and continuous Class-F, is for the first time employed to design PAs with optimal performance over more than-an-octave bandwidth. A GaN PA is designed and realized based on this mode-transferring operation using a three-stage transmission-line-based low-pass matching network. Simulation and experimental results show that an in-band PA-mode transferring between continuous Class- F-1 and continuous Class-F is successfully performed. The implemented PA achieves a measured 87% bandwidth from 1.3 to 3.3 GHz, while exhibiting a state-of-the-art performance of >;10-dB gain, 60%-84% efficiency, and 10-W output power throughout this band. Furthermore, modulated evaluation is carried out using a 300-kHz bandwidth 16-quadrature amplitude-modulation signal. Good linearity performance is measured with adjacent channel power ratio from -20 to -35 dBc and an error vector magnitude of 4%-9% over the entire bandwidth.
The effect of elevated body mass index on outcomes following cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Background Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) can prolong survival in peritoneal-based malignancies. These malignancies harbor in visceral and omental adipose tissue, and as a result, obesity may contribute to greater tumor burden. Obesity also is an independent risk factor for perioperative complications following major surgery. No studies to date have investigated the effect of elevated body mass index (BMI) on disease burden and perioperative outcomes in CRS-HIPEC patients.
Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for Sparse Quantile Regression

We consider new formulations and methods for sparse quantile regression in the high-dimensional setting. Quantile regression plays an important role in many data mining applications, including outlier-robust exploratory analysis in gene selection. In addition, the sparsity consideration in quantile regression enables the exploration of the entire conditional distribution of the response variable given the predictors and therefore yields a more comprehensive view of the important predictors. We propose a generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm for variable selection, taking the misfit loss to be either the traditional quantile loss or a smooth version we call quantile Huber, and compare the resulting greedy approaches with convex sparsity-regularized formulations. We apply a recently proposed interior point methodology to efficiently solve all formulations, provide theoretical guarantees of consistent estimation, and demonstrate the performance of our approach using empirical studies of simulated and genomic datasets.
Annexin II-mediated plasmin generation activates TGF-β3 during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in the developing avian heart.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), the process by which epithelial cells are converted into motile, invasive mesenchymal cells, is critical to valvulogenesis. Transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3), an established mediator of avian atrioventricular (AV) canal EMT, is secreted as a latent complex. In vitro, plasmin-mediated proteolysis has been shown to release active TGF-betas from the latent complex. Annexin II, a co-receptor for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen, promotes cell-surface generation of the serine protease plasmin. Here, we show that annexin II-mediated plasmin activity regulates release of active TGF-beta3 during chick AV canal EMT. Primary embryonic endocardial-derived cells express annexin II which promotes plasminogen activation in vitro. Incubation of heart explant cultures with either alpha(2)antiplasmin (alpha(2)AP), a major physiological plasmin inhibitor, or anti-annexin II IgG, blocked EMT by approximately 80%, and 50%, respectively. Anti-annexin II IgG-mediated inhibition of EMT was overcome by the addition of recombinant TGF-beta3. Upon treatment with anti-annexin II IgG or alpha(2)AP, conditioned medium from heart explant cultures showed absence of the active fragment of TGF-beta3 by Western blot analysis and a approximately 50% decrease in TGF-beta specific bioactivity. Our results suggest that annexin II-mediated plasmin activity regulates the release of active TGF-beta during cardiac valve development in the avian heart.
Genotype × Environment Interactions for Resistance to Common Scab in Tetrapioid Potato

Common scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), caused by the soil-borne bacterium Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Lambert & Lo-ria, is an economically important potato disease. Tubers from susceptible plants may have superficial, raised, or pitted lesions. Quantitative methods to evaluate tubers for the amount of surface area covered (AI) and the type of lesion (LI) have previously been developed. The purposes of this study were to (i) estimate broad-sense heritability on a mean basis for scab resistance in a tetraploid population of Solanum tuberosum for AI and LI, (ii) determine the importance of genotype x environment interactions on AI and LI, and (iii) determine the stability of potato genotypes for scab resistance. In 1992 and 1993, 23 potato clones were grown in replicated scab-infested field plots in Presque Isle, ME, and Cranesville, WV, and rated for AI and LI. There were significant environment, genotype, and genotype x environment effects for AI and LI. Broad-sense heritabilities on a mean basis and their exact 95% confidence intervals for AI and LI were estimated as 0.89 (0.78, 0.95) and 0.93 (0.86,0.97),respectively. Shukla's stability-variance statistics indicated that the most scab resistant genotypes were the most unstable, whereas, the most susceptible genotypes were the most stable. Thus, disease pressure was intense. Moderate levels of scab resistance were found. However, to obtain genotypes with high levels of scab resistance that are stable across environments will probably require development of populations incorporating new sources of scab resistant germplasm.
Physical fitness, aging, and psychomotor speed: a review

The robustness of a relationship among physical fitness, psychomotor speed, and aging is discussed by reviewing the descriptive and correlational evidence provided by studies from several different research areas. These areas are those that relate psychomotor speed to (a) athletic status, (b) physical fitness status, (c) physical conditioning training programs, (d) hyperbaric oxygenation treatment, and (e) presence of cardiovascular disease. Several potential physiological mechanisms that might support such a relationship are discussed under the general categories of brain function and cerebral circulation, and the trophic influence of physical activity on the central nervous system.
On the structure and function of nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum W5

Molybdoferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum W5 was fractionated into MoFd with two atoms of molybdenum per 220,000 daltons and a specific activity of 2.6 μmoles C2H2 reduced/min/mg protein and into a catalytically inactive species with an identical protein moiety but an incomplete active centre. Native MoFd is a tetramer composed of two 50,000 and two 60,000 dalton subunits. At low protein concentrations the tetramer is in equilibrium with a dimer. Under low ionic strength and at low pH further dissociation into monomers occurs. MoFd and azoferredoxin have distinct electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. The EPR spectrum of AzoFd and that of the combination of the two nitrogenase components undergoes characteristic changes upon addition of MgATP2−.
Teaching Technical Writing: Rethinking Our Approach.

Several recent journal articles, especially the one by Charles Sides [1], have questioned the form and function of technical communication. Based on actual experience with three organizations in Oregon, this writer proposes a need to rethink what we teach our technical writing students and how we go about designing assignments that“… simulate the reality of a work environment” [2]. This article will explore the types of technical writing skills which are increasingly in demand and then will offer several strategies for teaching these skills at the college level.
The role of As60A, a TGF-β homolog, in Anopheles stephensi innate immunity and defense against Plasmodium infection

Abstract We have examined the constitutive and induced expression of As60A in Anopheles stephensi females. As60A is expressed throughout the body of A. stephensi, including the midgut, fat body and developing eggs. We discovered that As60A is induced in the midgut and carcass of A. stephensi in response to Plasmodium infection. Induction of As60A correlates with periods of parasite motility and reproduction. Further, induction is dependent on the intensity of parasite infection: low numbers of parasites do not induce As60A expression. Thus, we conclude that As60A is a component of the A. stephensi immune response to Plasmodium infection. The involvement of a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) super family in the mosquito immune response is analogous to the involvement of TGF-β1 in the mammalian immune response to Plasmodium. The modulation of As60A and A. stephensi nitric oxide synthase (AsNOS) expression in response to Plasmodium indicates that homologs of effector (NOS) and regulator (TGF-β1) gene super families may defend evolutionarily diverse hosts against a shared pathogen.
In Reply [20]

In Reply .— We appreciate the comments from Drs Melgar, Brands, and Sharma. No internal medicine-pediatrics (med-peds)–trained physicians participated in our study focus groups, and this is a limitation of our study. …
Structural Family Therapy with Chronic Pain Patients

The conceptualization of adult chronic pain serving a ho-meostatic function within the family is presented. The rationale for utilizing structural family therapy with chronic pain patients and their spouses is explored. A case study demonstrates the assessment process and the strategies and techniques used in treatment.
Preparing Bilingual Speech-Language Pathologists: The Development of an Innovative Master's Degree Program

As the population of Hispanic children in the United States continues to grow, so does the demand for bilingual speech-language pathologists. However, to date the demand has far exceeded the supply...
Linear and circular dichroism in angle resolved Fe 3p photoemission.

Using a recently developed spin-polarized, fully relativistic, multiple scattering approach based on the layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function method, we have reproduced the Fe $3p$ angle resolved soft x-ray photoemission spectra and analyzed the associated large magnetic dichroism effects for excitation with both linearly and circularly polarized light. Comparison between theory and experiment yields a spin-orbit splitting of 1.0-1.2 eV and an exchange splitting of 0.9-1.0 eV for Fe $3p$. These values are 50%-100% larger than those hitherto obtained experimentally.
Relationality, Corporeality and Bioarchaeology: Bodies qua Bodies, Bodies in Context

The temporality of bodies has featured prominently in bioarchaeologists’ studies of embodiment, lifecycle, plasticity and ancestor veneration, amongst other topics. We focus here on the temporality of violence, as evidenced by peri-mortem marks on and post-mortem treatments of bodies. Such evidence can signal violence that is either interpersonal or symbolic, though we realize the distinction may be a materially subtle one. To this end, we look to archaeologists’ recent theoretical forays into temporality. More specifically, we deliberate about relationality, which invites reflective comparison between past and present bodies. Relationality allows bioarchaeologists to examine bodies qua bodies, as well as demands that they contextualize their ancient (or historic) case studies and present-day research in time and place. To explore these ideas, we draw upon a variety of sources, not all of which are traditional (i.e. impersonal) academic discussions. The latter can obfuscate or overlook the more emotional or politicized dimensions of violated bodies.
Calculations of L2,3M45M45 Auger energies of metallic Ni, Cu and Zn

Abstract Atomistic calculations are given for the L 2,3 M 45 M 45 Auger energies of metallic Ni, Cu and Zn which are rigorous within the framework of the theory of atomic and extra-atomic relaxation developed by Shirley et al. The results imply that the first screening orbital of Ni is 3d–4s admixed while the second screening orbital is 4s-like.
Biochemical investigation of pikromycin biosynthesis employing native penta- and hexaketide chain elongation intermediates

The unique ability of the pikromycin (Pik) polyketide synthase to generate 12- and 14-membered ring macrolactones presents an opportunity to explore the fundamental processes underlying polyketide synthesis, specifically the mechanistic details of chain extension, keto group processing, acyl chain release, and macrocyclization. We have synthesized the natural pentaketide and hexaketide chain elongation intermediates as N-acetyl cysteamine (NAC) thioesters and have used them as substrates for in vitro conversions with engineered PikAIII+TE and in combination with native PikAIII (module 5) and PikAIV (module 6) multifunctional proteins. This investigation demonstrates directly the remarkable ability of these monomodules to catalyze one or two chain extension reactions, keto group processing steps, acyl-ACP release, and cyclization to generate 10-deoxymethynolide and narbonolide. The results reveal the enormous preference of Pik monomodules for their natural polyketide substrates and provide an important comparative analysis with previous studies using unnatural diketide NAC thioester substrates.
An Unrestricted Algorithm for Accurate Prediction of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Wiener Processes

Previous research [N. Bhandari and D. K. Rollins, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2003, 42, 5583] introduced a methodology for obtaining accurate continuous-time multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) models for Wiener processes with nonlinear static and dynamic behavior. This methodology consists of a model-building procedure for estimation of model forms in the Wiener structure and a choice of two algorithms for exact predictions of true Wiener systems. One algorithm uses only the most-recent input changes but is restricted to approximately steadystate conditions between input changes. The other algorithm has no restricted conditions but is dependent on all past input changes and, thus, requires a fading memory treatment. This article extends the former algorithm by proposing a new continuous-time algorithm that is not restricted by steady-state conditions between input changes. In addition, the proposed algorithm is dependent only on the most-recent input changes. Evaluation of the proposed algorithm is conducted using a simulated continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) that closely follows a Wiener process; the results of this study are compared with the other two previously mentioned algorithms. Results are given for two basic cases: (i) no noise and (ii) independently, identically, and normally distributed noise.
Stabilized discontinuous finite element approximations for Stokes equations

In this paper, we derive two stabilized discontinuous finite element formulations, symmetric and nonsymmetric, for the Stokes equations and the equations of the linear elasticity for almost incompressible materials. These methods are derived via stabilization of a saddle point system where the continuity of the normal and tangential components of the velocity/displacements are imposed in a weak sense via Lagrange multipliers. For both methods, almost all reasonable pair of discontinuous finite element spaces can be used to approximate the velocity and the pressure. Optimal error estimate for the approximation of both the velocity of the symmetric formulation and pressure in L2 norm are obtained, as well as one in a mesh-dependent norm for the velocity in both symmetric and nonsymmetric formulations.
A bipotent mesoderm subset identified via colony-forming assay.

The use of an in vitro colony-forming assay has previously led to identification of a mesoderm-derived bipotent hemangioblast from differentiating hESCs. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell , Vodyanik et al. have used a similar approach to herald the presence of a bipotent mesoderm-derived precursor for mesenchymal stem and endothelial cells, termed the mesenchymoangioblast.
Three-body exchange forces in rare-gas crystals☆

Abstract The Gaussian model which is in extensive use to explain relative stabilities of crystal structures is shown to contain serious inconsistencies and to fail completely when improved in terms of the variational method.
VRILLE feeds back to control circadian transcription of Clock in the Drosophila circadian oscillator

The Drosophila circadian oscillator consists of interlocked period (per)/timeless (tim) and Clock (Clk) transcriptional/translational feedback loops. Within these feedback loops, CLK and CYCLE (CYC) activate per and tim transcription at the same time as they repress Clk transcription, thus controlling the opposite cycling phases of these transcripts. CLK-CYC directly bind E box elements to activate transcription, but the mechanism of CLK-CYC-dependent repression is not known. Here we show that a CLK-CYC-activated gene, vrille (vri), encodes a repressor of Clk transcription, thereby identifying vri as a key negative component of the Clk feedback loop in Drosophila's circadian oscillator. The blue light photoreceptor encoding cryptochrome (cry) gene is also a target for VRI repression, suggesting a broader role for VRI in the rhythmic repression of output genes that cycle in phase with Clk.
Effect of Blameworthiness and Outcome Severity on Attributions of Responsibility and Damage Awards in Comparative Negligence Cases

We studied the effects of accident victims' legal blameworthiness and the severity of their injuries on determinations of responsibility and damage awards. In general, participants tended to ascribe more fault to victims than warranted by the facts presented, displaying an antiplaintiff bias. When attributing fault and awarding damages, they were especially sensitive to the blameworthiness of the victim when the consequences of the accident were severe rather than mild. These findings appeared not to be mediated by emotional reactions to the victims. Participants tended to conflate issues of liability with what ought to have been the legally distinct question of damages. They appeared to decide comparative negligence awards not by determining percentage fault and gross damages as discrete items and then computing their product, as the law prescribes, but rather by using more holistic judgmental processes.
ThSr isotopic relationships in MORB

Abstract Although MORB are well known to exhibit a limited range in isotopic ratios such as 87Sr/86Sr, a compilation of existing (230Th/232Th) data, which reflect present Th/U in the source, shows a large dispersion. This is in contrast to the, admittedly limited, data available for oceanic islands, for which there is a broad correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and (230Th/232Th). The distribution of data for MORB is approximately bimodal, with relatively depleted samples plotting from within to well above the band defined by the oceanic island correlation (87Sr/86Sr= 0.70230–0.70270 and (230Th/232Th) = 1.1–2.3) and relatively enriched MORB plotting from within to below this band (87Sr/86Sr= 0.70270–70320 and (230Th/232Th) = 0.8–1.4). The data are consistent with the generally accepted idea that E-MORB are generated by the interaction of depleted mantle with more enriched material having higher Th/U and 87Sr/86Sr. However, the large range in source Th/U implied by the thorium isotopic compositions of both enriched and depleted MORB requires complex melting and/or other recent source modification processes. Much of this variability may be caused by multiple, small-degree melt extraction at the spreading ridge, a process which would affect all incompatible trace element concentrations and ratios.
Associations of Coronary Heart Disease with Common Carotid Artery Near and Far Wall Intima-Media Thickness: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background Intima-media thickness (IMT) measured on ultrasound images of the common carotid artery (CCA) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and events. Given the physics of ultrasound, CCA far wall IMT measurements are favored over near wall measurements, but this theoretical advantage is not well studied. Methods A total of 6,606 members of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a longitudinal cohort study (mean age, 62.1 years; 52.7% women) who had near wall and far wall CCA IMT measurements. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate model goodness of fit of Framingham risk factors with near wall IMT, far wall IMT, and combined mean IMT. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for incident coronary heart disease events for each IMT variable. Change in Harrell's C statistic was used to compare the incremental value of each IMT variable when added to Framingham risk factors. Results Mean IMT had the strongest association with risk factors ( R 2 = 0.31), followed by near wall ( R 2 = 0.26) and far wall ( R 2 = 0.22) IMT. Far wall IMT improved the prediction of coronary artery disease events over the Framingham risk factors (change in C statistic, 0.012; 95% CI, 0.006–0.017; P P = .004), but near wall IMT did not. Conclusions Far wall CCA IMT showed the strongest association with incident coronary heart disease, whereas mean IMT had the strongest associations with risk factors. This difference might affect the selection of appropriate IMT variables in different studies.
On the increase of cranial capacity in mankind's lineage: Augments and elaborations

Some available zoological and paleontological data on the scaling of brain and body sizes seem to suggest alternating phylogenic bouts, within a lineage, of (1) short episodes of cranial capacity increase without much body increase, termed augments, and (2) long intervals of elaboration of adult form often with much body size increase but with modest cranial capacity increase, termed elaborations. To account for the adult brain-body characteristics of existing primate species, secondary processes are postulated to supervene after prolonged elaboration and lack of augment: preservative, progressive and regressive conservation as well as extinction. The augmentation-elaboration hypothesis as applied to mankind's lineage and to his near relatives, as seen in australopithecine and hominine fossil finds dated through the last three million years or so, suggest categorization of these fossil specimens as being from either a present “sapient elaboration”, or a “humane augment” of the Pleistocene, or a “habiline elaboration” of the Pliocene-Pleistocene, or the later portion of an “australopithecine elaboration” that may have begun in the Middle or Upper Miocene.
Evolution of barred galaxies by dynamical friction

On a calcule le transfert du moment angulaire entre la barre et le halo d'une galaxie en utilisant a la fois la theorie analytique de la friction dynamique et des simulations a n corps «semi-restreintes». Les deux methodes donnent des resultats en accord qualitatif et montrent que la friction dynamique peut exercer des couples intenses sur les barres galactiques
Protein structure, electron transfer and evolution of prokaryotic photosynthetic reaction centers

Photosynthetic reaction centers from a variety of organisms have been isolated and characterized. The groups of prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms include the purple bacteria, the filamentous green bacteria, the green sulfur bacteria and the heliobacteria as anoxygenic representatives as well as the cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes as oxygenic representatives. This review focuses on structural and functional comparisons of the various groups of photosynthetic reaction centers and considers possible evolutionary scenarios to explain the diversity of existing photosynthetic organisms.
What national account decision makers would tell salespeople about building relationships

Examines the responses of national account decision makers to open‐ended questions asking for their views on what salespeople need to do to build relationships, and categorizes the results. Eight categories of responses were found. These categories address a number of salesperson behaviors and attitudes ‐ some of which have not been empirically examined in the sales literature. Based on the findings of this study, presents managerial and theoretical implications of these results and implications for future research into buyer‐seller relationships.
Lack of an effect of pioglitazone or glipizide on lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist with vascular beneficial effects, and glipizide, an insulin secretagogue, on novel inflammatory vascular risk markers in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We studied 11 subjects without diabetes and 19 matched subjects with diabetes. The subjects with diabetes were randomly assigned to receive either 45 mg daily of pioglitazone (N = 8) or 10 mg daily of glipizide (N = 11) (median dose) for 12 weeks. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and e-selectin were measured by established techniques before and after therapy with either agent. The subjects without diabetes were studied only once. RESULTS: The study subjects with diabetes had higher (P<0.05) LpPLA2, e-selectin, and VCAM-1 levels than did those without diabetes. ICAM-1 levels tended to be higher (P = 0.07) in the study subjects with than in those without diabetes. Neither pioglitazone nor glipizide therapy significantly altered LpPLA2 or VCAM-1 concentrations. While pioglitazone therapy reduced (P<0.05) eselectin concentrations, glipizide therapy reduced (P<0.03) ICAM-1 concentrations. CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated concentrations of the novel vascular risk marker LpPLA2 and inflammatory risk markers e-selectin and VCAM-1. Neither pioglitazone nor glipizide significantly altered LpPLA2, VCAM-1, or highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels after 12 weeks of therapy. In study subjects with type 2 diabetes, e-selectin concentrations declined significantly with pioglitazone therapy, whereas ICAM-1 concentrations decreased significantly with glipizide therapy.
Multiple roles for CD4+ T cells in anti‐tumor immune responses

Our understanding of the importance of CD4+ T cells in orchestrating immune responses has grown dramatically over the past decade. This lymphocyte family consists of diverse subsets ranging from interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T-helper 1 (Th1) cells to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-secreting T-regulatory cells, which have opposite roles in modulating immune responses to pathogens, tumor cells, and self-antigens. This review briefly addresses the various T-cell subsets within the CD4+ T-cell family and discusses recent research efforts aimed at elucidating the nature of the 'T-cell help' that has been shown to be essential for optimal immune function. Particular attention is paid to the role of Th cells in tumor immunotherapy. We review some of our own work in the field describing how CD4+ Th cells can enhance anti-tumor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses by enhancing clonal expansion at the tumor site, preventing activation-induced cell death and functioning as antigen-presenting cells for CTLs to preferentially generate immune memory cells. These unconventional roles for Th lymphocytes, which require direct cell-to-cell communication with CTLs, are clear examples of how versatile these immunoregulatory cells are.
A wavelet-based interpolation-restoration method for superresolution (wavelet superresolution)

Superresolution produces high-quality, high-resolution images from a set of degraded, low-resolution images where relative frame-to-frame motions provide different looks at the scene. Superresolution translates data temporal bandwith into enhanced spatial resolution. If considered together on a reference grid, given low-resolution data are nonuniformly sampled. However, data from each frame are sampled regularly on a rectangular grid. This special type of nonuniform sampling is called interlaced sampling. We propose a new wavelet-based interpolation-restoration algorithm for superresolution. Our efficient wavelet interpolation technique takes advantage of the regularity and structure inherent in interlaced data, thereby significantly reducing the computational burden. We present one- and two-dimensional superresolution experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Regular morphology and the lexicon.

Abstract Three models of morphological storage and processing are compared: the dual-processing model of Pinker, Marcus and colleagues, the connectionist model of Marchman, Plunkett, Seidenberg and others, and the network model of Bybee and Langacker. In line with predictions made in the latter two frameworks, type frequency of a morphological pattern is shown to be important in determining productivity. In addition, the paper considers the nature of lexical schemas in the network model, which are of two types: source-oriented and product-oriented. The interaction of phonological properties of lexical patterns with frequency and the interaction of type and token frequency are shown to influence degree of productivity. Data are drawn from English, German, Arabic and Hausa.
The Role of Contingency Awareness, Involvement and Need for Cognition in Attitude Formation:

This research investigates the role of involvement and need for cognition in influencing contingency awareness in attitude formation. Two experiments examine the nature of favorable attitudes formulated through established classical conditioning procedures. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that awareness influences attitudes toward a conditioned stimulus, particularly under conditions of high involvement and high need for cognition. Experiment 2 suggests that contingency awareness mediates the relationship between inferential belief formation and attitudes and that this effect is stronger under high involvement and high need for cognition. Implications for understanding the role of classical conditioning procedures in advertising are discussed.
Secondary anionic phospholipid binding site and gating mechanism in Kir2.1 inward rectifier channels

Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels regulate multiple tissues. All Kir channels require interaction of phosphatidyl-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at a crystallographically identified binding site, but an additional nonspecific secondary anionic phospholipid (PL(-)) is required to generate high PIP2 sensitivity of Kir2 channel gating. The PL(-)-binding site and mechanism are yet to be elucidated. Here we report docking simulations that identify a putative PL(-)-binding site, adjacent to the PIP2-binding site, generated by two lysine residues from neighbouring subunits. When either lysine is mutated to cysteine (K64C and K219C), channel activity is significantly decreased in cells and in reconstituted liposomes. Directly tethering K64C to the membrane by modification with decyl-MTS generates high PIP2 sensitivity in liposomes, even in the complete absence of PL(-)s. The results provide a coherent molecular mechanism whereby PL(-) interaction with a discrete binding site results in a conformational change that stabilizes the high-affinity PIP2 activatory site.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression, localization, and activity in the penis of the alloxan-induced diabetic rat

Purpose: To explore the possible relevance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with diabetes mellitus, we compared the catalytic activity, protein expression, and cellular localization of eNOS with those of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the penis of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Materials and Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given alloxan or vehicle only and monitored weekly by Dextrostix for confirmation of glucosuria. Tail-flick immersion and penile reflex testing were used to evaluate sensory neuropathy and ED, respectively. At 4 to 5 weeks (early) and 10 to 11 weeks (late), animals were sacrificed, and their penes were subjected to nNOS and eNOS catalytic activity assay, Western immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry examination. Masson's trichrome staining of penile tissue and serum testosterone measurements were performed for light microscopy and sex steroidogenic analysis, respectively. Results: Co...
Neurotensin induces catalepsy in mice.

Abstract Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of neurotensin (NT) induced catalepsy in mice at doses greater than or equal to 0.02 μg. The cataleptic effect progressively increased, reaching a maximum at approx. 2 hr after injection. In contrast, the hypothermic effect of neurotensin reached a maximum 1 hr after the injection, and was declining at 2 hr. Not all mice that showed hypothermia also showed catalepsy, and some mice showed catalepsy without hypothermia. Catalepsy induced by intracerebroventricular injection of neurotensin was not significantly correlated with the hypothermia. Furthermore, oxotremorine induced hypothermia without catalepsy. Thus, several lines of evidence indicate that the catalepsy induced by neurotensin is not the consequence of the neurotensin induced hypothermia. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), injected either intracerebroventricularly with neurotensin, or intraperitoneally before neurotensin abolished the hypothermia but only diminished the catalepsy scores. The cataleptic effect of neurotensin is consistent with its other neuroleptic-like activities.
The Prediction of Drug Use through Discriminate Analysis from Variables Common to Potential Secondary School Dropouts

AbstractA group of 78 secondary school students who satisfied selected criteria as dropouts was interviewed to determine the following: employment status of parents, the presence or absence of an adult male in the home, the self-image of the students, the perceived ability of the students to communicate with their parents, the sex of the students, and drug use by the students. An effort was made to assure the students of the confidentiality of their responses. Discriminate analysis was used to produce a regression equation to predict drug use from the five predictor variables. The best weighted combination of the five variables yielded a multiple R of .63 with drug use. The presence or absence of an adult male in the home contributed most to the prediction system. The next best predictors were (b) perceived ability to communicate with parents and (c) self-image. The relationships between all three of these variables and drug use were significant at the .01 level. Sex was the only variable that was not a s...
Involuntary attention and identification accuracy

Using the spatial cuing paradigm, Prinzmetal, McCool, and Park (2005) made the distinction between voluntary and involuntary attention. They claimed that although accuracy was affected by an informative spatial cue (which controls voluntary attention), it was not affected by a noninformative cue (which controls involuntary attention). We reevaluate two reports that assert that noninformative spatial cues affect accuracy. Dufour (1999) reported that a noninformative auditory cue enhanced visual identification in a conjunction search task. Klein and Dick (2002) reported that, in an RSVP task with visual cues, the cue also enhanced accuracy at short stimulus onset asynchronies. We found that Dufour’s results were due to overt orienting (eye movements) rather than to covert attention. The results of Klein and Dick were due either to location uncertainty or to a confounding of the order of stimulus presentation and condition.
Effects of polymer-polymer interactions in multiphase blends or alloys

The interaction energy between two polymers determines whether they form a miscible blend or a phase separated one. In the latter, these interactions also determine the nature of the interface between phases which in turn influences stress transfer between the phases in the solid state and morphology generation during formulation. Estimates of polymer-polymer thermodynamic interactions are used to rationalize the behavior of polycarbonate/ABS materials and a series of polyamides toughened by reactive blending with a functionalized elastomer.
Stability of the vortex lattice in a rotating superfluid

We analyze the stability of the vortex lattice in a rotating superfluid against thermal fluctuations associated with the long-wavelength Tkachenko modes of the lattice. Inclusion of only the two-dimensional modes leads formally to instability in infinite lattices; however, when the full three-dimensional spectrum of modes is taken into account, the thermally-induced lattice displacements are indeed finite.
The limits of nation-building in the Philippines:

Efforts at building a homogeneous national identity in the Philippines over the centuries have resulted in an unusual pattern of successes and failures. Spanish missionaries successfully spread the Catholic religion in the northern and central portions of the Philippines in the sixteenth century, but failed among the Muslims in the south, introducing an enduring religious cleavage within the country. Enormous linguistic diversity remains despite efforts by three successive regimes to promote first Spanish, then English, then Tagalog as a vehicle for linguistic unity. Finally, despite aggressive elite promotion of a unifying historical narrative of resistance to imperialism (referring especially to the 1896–1902 revolutionary period), regional and ethnic identity have remained very strong relative to national identity, even while national pride has increased. One set of reasons for this relative weakness of Philippine nationalism includes the initial geographical and linguistic fragmentation of the country...
BioenergyKDF: enabling spatiotemporal data synthesis and research collaboration

The Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (BioenergyKDF) is a scalable, web-based collaborative environment for scientists working on bioenergy related research in which the connections between data, literature, and models can be explored and more clearly understood. The fully-operational and deployed system, built on multiple open source libraries and architectures, stores contributions from the community of practice and makes them easy to find, but that is just its base functionality. The BioenergyKDF provides a national spatiotemporal decision support capability that enables data sharing, analysis, modeling, and visualization as well as fosters the development and management of the U.S. bioenergy infrastructure, which is an essential component of the national energy infrastructure. The BioenergyKDF is built on a flexible, customizable platform that can be extended to support the requirements of any user community---especially those that work with spatiotemporal data. While there are several community data-sharing software platforms available, some developed and distributed by national governments, none of them have the full suite of capabilities available in BioenergyKDF. For example, this component-based platform and database independent architecture allows it to be quickly deployed to existing infrastructure and to connect to existing data repositories (spatial or otherwise). As new data, analysis, and features are added; the BioenergyKDF will help lead research and support decisions concerning bioenergy into the future, but will also enable the development and growth of additional communities of practice both inside and outside of the Department of Energy. These communities will be able to leverage the substantial investment the agency has made in the KDF platform to quickly stand up systems that are customized to their data and research needs.
Ontological Foundations for Active Information Systems

While passive information systems simply record and report on the observed states of things in the world, active information systems participate in the determination and ascription of state to things. They infer conclusions based on the application of rules that govern how things in the real world are affected when defined and identified events occur. The ontological foundations for active information systems must include constructs to represent such causal rules. Conceptualizing things and events as distinct ontological categories with existence and properties and representing them as entities at the conceptual level is sufficient for this purpose. The properties of an event include data values inherent in the event and rules that define how the states of affected things are changed when the event occurs. In this manner the state-history of a thing is represented by the sequence of events that have affected it. Future states of a thing can be predicted based on proposed or conjectured events. Such a conceptualization enables a parsimonious mapping between an active information system and the real world system it is intended to model.
General Relativity for the Experimentalist

Einstein's general theory of relativity is broken down and simplified under limitations usually satisfied in experimentally realizable situations. Following the work of Moller,1 an analogy between electromagnetism and gravitation is presented which allows calculation of various gravitational forces by considering the equivalent electromagnetic problem. A number of examples are included. Tensor formulation is not used except in the Appendix, where justification for the analogies is given.
The scattering of excited by ground state atoms application to He2

Regular oscillations in the differential cross section (DCS) due to nuclear symmetry are used as a sensitive tool to obtain potential curves from measurements. The method is very sensitive to the presence and height of repulsive barriers in the potentials. The DCS for He (11S)-He(21S) collisions at 63 meV using the A 1Σ u + and C 1Σ g + potential curves of Guberman and Goddard are compared with molecular beam experiments of Haberland, Chen and Lee, and a reduction of the calculated barrierheights by 15 per cent is indicated. Calculations at other collision energies suggest that measurements of the DCS as a function of energy are a sensitive way of determining experimentally the A 1Σ u + and C 1Σ g + curves of He2.
Automated analysis systems for monitoring, maintenance and control of power systems

Increased demands on power systems reliability lead to more stringent requirements for power system monitoring, maintenance and control. Introduction of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in substations allows more elaborate recording of field data that in turn may be used to enhance the analysis for monitoring, maintenance and control purposes. While the additional data recorded by IEDs provides more information than the classical solutions, the overwhelming amount of data makes manual analysis quite impractical. Automating the analysis becomes a crucial approach for improving reliability. The paper also illustrates how the overall solution may be implemented using various software and communication means. Commercial version of the solution is partially implemented at one of the EPRI member utilities and a fully expanded version is being planned at another.
Assessment of ovarian failure and osteoporosis in premenopausal breast cancer survivors

Premenopausal women who develop ovarian failure after receiving chemotherapy are at a higher risk of rapid bone loss. Pharmacists have successfully implemented osteoporosis screening programmes in the general population and thus, assessment of breast cancer survivors for ovarian failure and osteopenia could represent a novel focus for oncology pharmacists. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective chart review to determine the adequacy of ovarian failure and osteoporosis assessment and management in premenopausal breast cancer survivors.Methods and results. The charts of 20 women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer treated with cyclophosphamide over a 4.5-year timespan were included. Their median age was 36.7 years (range 29.8-41). The median cyclophosphamide cumulative dose was 9 g/m2 (range 2.4-14.45), with a median duration of follow-up being 4.62 years. The assessment of ovarian failure mainly occurred by documenting menstrual periods, which has been questioned as a reliable method for assessing ov...