cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalography During Hemiarch Replacement With Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest.

Background This study aimed to characterize intraoperative electroencephalography (EEG) during moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP), which has not been described previously. Methods This was a single-institution retrospective study of patients undergoing aortic hemiarch replacement using MHCA (temperatures Results The study included 71 patients. Before CA, 47 patients (66%) demonstrated a continuous EEG pattern, with or without periodic complexes, and 24 (34%) had a burst suppression EEG pattern. Immediately after CA, abrupt loss of electrocerebral activity occurred in 32 patients (45%), suggestive of cerebral ischemia. Establishment of unilateral SACP rapidly restored electrocerebral activity in all but 2 patients. One patient had persistent loss of left-sided activity, which resolved after transition to bilateral SACP. Another patient had persistent global loss of activity and was placed back on cardiopulmonary bypass for further cooling before reinitiation of CA. No significant differences in characteristics or outcomes were assessed between patients with and without loss of EEG activity. Conclusions Nearly half of patients undergoing hemiarch replacement with MHCA/SACP experience abrupt loss of electrocerebral activity after CA is initiated. Although unilateral SACP usually restores prearrest electrocerebral activity, intraoperative EEG may be particularly valuable for the identification of patients with persistent cerebral ischemia even after SACP.
Poesía de cinco esquinas

Jose Asuncion Silva.Fernando Charry Lara. Guillermo Valencia. German Espinosa. Porfirio Barba Jacob. Beatriz Cuberos de Valencia. Gonzalo Arango. Eduardo Escobar. Fernando Charry Lara. Jaime Garcia Maffla. Coleccion Clasicos Colombianos, Procultura, Bogota, 1989
Dantrolene, a Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

Abstract: Dantrolene causes skeletal muscle relaxation in animals without prominent CNS actions, and it has little or no measurable effect on smooth or cardiac muscle. Dantrolene reduces rigidity in decerebrate cats. Unlike centrally acting muscle relaxants, it has no preferential effect on polysynaptic flexor reflexes and still produces its maximum effect on the muscle twitch in an isolated, neurally intact, perfused hindlimb. Dantrolene blocks the twitch response when stimulated through the motor nerve in a way different from the action of tubocurarine or decamethonium. It inhibits direct twitch responses in denervated muscle and is equally effective in attenuating the direct and indirect twitch responses. It is hypothesized that dantrolene causes skeletal muscle relaxation by a direct action on muscle at a site beyond the neuromuscular junction.
Light adaptation affects synaptic vesicle density but not the distribution of GABAA receptors in goldfish photoreceptor terminals.

GABA is a likely feedback transmitter from H1 horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors in fish retinas. Spinules arise from H1 cell dendrites in light-adapted retinas, are correlated with responses attributed to feedback, and have been proposed to be the GABA release sites. We used mAb 62-3G1, an antibody against the β2/β3 subunits of the GABAA receptor complex, to visualize GABAA receptor immunoreactivity (GABAr-IR) in photoreceptors as a function of light and dark adaptation at the electron microscopical level. Regardless of adaptation, GABAr-IR was restricted to the synaptic terminals of all cones and most rods; synaptic vesicular membrane and plasma membrane exhibited GABAr-IR. Contrary to expectations, the density of GABAr-IR was least on the plasma membrane within the invagination, regardless of the presence or absence of spinules. Dense GABAr-IR was observed on the lateral surface of cone pedicles, on cone processes proximal to the invagination, and on presumed telodendria from nearby cones. There was no difference in GABAr-IR of rod plasma membranes within or outside of the invagination or with adaptation. The only novel effect of adaptation was in regards to the density of synaptic vesicles. Cones showed a 29% increase in vesicle density with dark adaptation, whereas rods showed a 17% decrease. We conclude that all goldfish photoreceptors will be GABA-sensitive and that the sensitivity is distributed over the surface of the synaptic terminal rather than localized to within the invagination. The role of spinules in GABA release remains to be determined, but we conclude that spinules are not related to the GABA sensitivity of goldfish photoreceptors. Microsc Res Tech 36:43–56, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Biological Control: Spreading the Benefits

Since 1980, >16 million parasites of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) were distributed across the United States as part of the Alfalfa Weevil Biological Control Program. Two species of internal parasites, one of the larval stage, Bathyplectes anurus (Thomson) and one of the adult stage, Microctonus aethiopoides (Loan), were released in the largest numbers. A detection survey conducted by the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, found that a second larval parasite, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), had already spread throughout alfalfa-growing areas in the United States. Later, an establishment survey successfully recovered parasites in nearly half of the >700 counties where releases were made. Results from an evaluation survey indicated that the number of alfalfa weevil parasite species collected in surveyed fields in Iowa, Missouri, and Nebraska more then doubled from 1.3 to 3.0. Parasitism rates also increased in these states, whereas insecticide usage declined. However, <3% of the 180 alfalfa fields sampled during the 8 yr evaluation survey reached the economic injury level. Both B. anurus and B. curculionis exhibited differential success when parasitizing two United States strains (eastern and western) of the alfalfa weevil. These two species parasitized an average of 21% of the larvae collected in survey samples. M. aethiopoides could possibly be an important method for keeping H. postica populations below economic injury levels. A delayed densitydependent relationship between this species and its host was demonstrated in three midwestern fields sampled for seven consecutive years. Before the first cutting of alfalfa, M. aethiopoides killed an average of 26% of adult weevils in the four areas surveyed in the eastern United States. A fungal disease, Zoopthora phytonomi (Arthur), of H. postica was detected in the majority of fields in our evaluation survey; this too may be a method for reducing weevil populations.
Formation of radicals and complex organic compounds by high-temperature pyrolysis: The pyrolysis of toluene

Abstract A high-temperature Knudsen cell equipped with a gas inlet and modulated molecular-beam mass-spectrometric detection has been constructed to study the high-temperature pyrolysis of model fuel compounds. The high-temperature pyrolysis of toluene has been examined at temperatures of up to 1900°C and over a pressure range of approximately 10 −3 –10 N/m 2 (10 −5 –10 −1 torr). The pyrolysis of toluene has been found to produce a number of higher-molecular-weight species (including radicals, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and polyacetylenes) efficiently at temperatures of 1200–1500°C. At temperatures of 1200–1400°C, C 3 H 4 , C 4 H 2 , C 4 H 3 , C 5 H 3 , C 5 H 5 , C 6 H 4 , C 6 H 5 , C 7 H 5 , C 7 H 6 , and C 7 H 7 species were observed to have maxima in their concentrations as a function of pressure, suggesting a role in the formation of higher-molecular-weight compounds. At higher temperatures, the major products were C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 3 , C 2 H 4 , C 4 H 2 , C 6 H 2 , and C 6 H 6 ; species containing even numbers of carbon atoms dominate the reaction products.
Family structure and conditions of hospitalization for schizophrenia

This paper raises the question of what social supports might permit the retention of schizophrenic patients in the community. Various types of family structure are examined in relation to the estimated duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization. It was found that the availability of sisters falling within certain ranges of age closeness to the patient is associated with relatively long durations for patients of both sexes. The availability of unemployed mothers and older children also lengthens the duration for female patients. The findings are discussed in the context of social system theory.
The Structure of Design Firms in the Construction Industry

Making use of data collected by the US Census of Business in 1967, the paper examines the market and organizational characteristics of American architectural, engineering, and land surveying firms with four or more employees.Design work, when measured by receipts, is shown to be highly concentrated: the 3% of architectural firms and the 9% of engineering firms with fifty or more employees account for 25% and 55% of the receipts respectively, The government is the single most important source of gross income both for architectural and for engineering firms. The receipts of architectural firms are derived overwhelmingly from nonresidential building projects whereas the kinds of projects from which engineering firms derive their business are much more diverse.Among residential building types, engineering services are more in demand for housing for single families, while architects have a substantial share of the market for design work in multifamily housing. The income received by design firms of all types i...
Do drug samples influence resident prescribing behavior? A randomized trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine whether access to drug samples influences resident prescribing decisions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The authors observed 390 decisions to initiate drug therapy by 29 internal medicine residents over a 6-month period in an inner-city primary care clinic. By random selection, half of the residents agreed not to use available free drug samples. Five drug class pairs were chosen for study prospectively. Highly advertised drugs were matched with drugs commonly used for the same indication that were less expensive, available over-the-counter, or available in generic formulation. RESULTS: Resident physicians with access to drug samples were less likely to choose unadvertised drugs (131/202 decisions) than residents who did not have access to samples (138/188 decisions; P = .04) and less likely to choose over-the-counter drugs (51/202, 73/188; P = .003). There was a trend toward less use of inexpensive drugs. CONCLUSION: Access to drug samples in clinic influences resident prescribing decisions. This could affect resident education and increase drug costs for patients.
Soul Food: Morrison and the Transformative Power of Ethical Leadership in the Public Sector

The qualities of ethical leadership are explored through three works by Toni Morrison, Sula, Beloved, and Paradise. These novels teach that the public good often depends on the personal good of public leaders. A public manager's moral aspects greatly influence the values of the organization. Indeed, ethical leadership is perhaps the most powerful tool a public manager can employ to influence others. Moral factors can have a powerful transformative effect on public organizations. Accordingly, the power of moral values is a catalyst for motivational leadership within organizations.
Assignment of Anomeric Configuration and Identification of Carbohydrate Residues by 13C NMR: Arabino- and Ribopyranosides and Furancsides

Abstract A 13C NMR fingerprint method previously developed for galactosides and glucosides is extended to arabinosides and ribosides. This approach demonstrates the capability of 13C NMR to determine ring size and anomeric configuration in four isomeric arabinosides and ribosides.
Chromosome morphology and number in various populations of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle

Abstract Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle root tip karyotypes were not different among 20 populations from Australia, China, India, Malaysia, Panama and the USA, and the combined karyotype derived from these populations was similar to that previously reported. Root tip tissue was sometimes endopolyploid, with diploid (2n = 2x = 16), triploid (2n = 3x = 24) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) cells observed in the same populations, and diploid and triploid cells often observed in the same root tip. Diploid cells only were observed in root tips from a population of Panang Island. Hydrilla is probably diploid because diploid cells were observed in all populations (except Beijing, China, which was predominantly tetraploid). Therefore, there is no apparent reason why all populations should not be sexually compatible, and atleast partially fertile, based on chromosome make-up.
Preventing urinary tract infection: Progress toward an effective Escherichia coli vaccine

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, with nearly half of all women experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime. This high frequency of infection results in huge annual economic costs, decreased workforce productivity and high patient morbidity. At least 80% of these infections are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC can reside side by side with commensal strains in the gastrointestinal tract and gain access to the bladder via colonization of the urethra. Antibiotics represent the current standard treatment for UTI; however, even after treatment, patients frequently suffer from recurrent infection with the same or different strains. In addition, successful long-term treatment has been complicated by a rise in both the number of antibiotic-resistant strains and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms. As a result, preventative approaches to UTI, such as vaccination, have been sought. This review summarizes recent advances in UPEC vaccine development and outlines future directions for the field.
Causes and consequences of ‘order online pick up in-store’ shopping behavior

The emergence of the Internet as a retail channel has made it cost-efficient for store-based retailers to offer ‘order online pick up at store’ (OOPS) service via their websites. This paper examines: (a) the role of purchase-occasion-specific goals and constraints on consumer decision to use OOPS relative to store and online delivery; (b) its impact on purchase deferral, purchase size, and repurchase intention. Proposed differences between OOPS and online/store-only users are examined through a quasi-experiment at a commercial multichannel retailer that offers OOPS at a limited number of stores. Multiple sources of data are used: (1) a web-based survey at the retailer website, (2) a paper-based survey at retailer's stores, and (3) purchase transaction data from consumers. Empirical analysis shows that purchase constraints like price-consciousness and time pressure are positively associated with OOPS usage but purchase goal of minimization of effort shows mixed results. Purchase size and repurchase intenti...
Predictors and impact of aneurysm rebleeding after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background Aneurysm rebleeding has historically been an important cause of mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Objective To describe the frequency and impact of rebleeding in the modern era of aneurysm care, which emphasizes early surgical or endovascular treatment. Design Inception cohort. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Patients A total of 574 patients enrolled in the Columbia University SAH Outcomes Project between August 1996 and June 2002. Early aneurysm repair was performed whenever feasible. Main Outcome Measures Rebleeding was defined by prespecified clinical and radiographic criteria, excluding prehospital, intraprocedural, and postrepair events. Functional outcome was assessed at 3 months with the modified Rankin Scale. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of rebleeding, poor functional outcome, and mortality. Results Rebleeding occurred in 40 (6.9%) of the 574 patients; most cases (73%) occurred within 3 days of ictus. Hunt-Hess grade on admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.92 per grade; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-2.75; P P = .005) were independent predictors of rebleeding. After controlling for Hunt-Hess grade and aneurysm size, rebleeding was associated with a markedly reduced chance of survival with functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, ≤4; OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02-0.34) at 3 months. Conclusions Despite an aggressive management strategy, rebleeding still occurred in 6.9% of patients and was associated with a dismal outcome. Poor Hunt-Hess grade and larger aneurysm size are related to rebleeding. Pharmacologic therapy to reduce the risk of rebleeding before aneurysm repair, particularly in patients with poor grade neurologic status and large aneurysms, deserves renewed attention.
Globally optimal model-based matching of anatomical trees

Modern MDCT and micro-CT scanners are able to produce high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images of anatomical trees, such as the airway tree and the heart and liver vasculature. An important problem arising in many contexts is the matching of trees depicted in two different images. Three basic steps are used in order to match two trees: (1) image segmentation, to extract the raw trees from a given pair of 3D images; (2) axial-analysis, to define the underlying centerline structure of the trees; and (3) tree matching, to match the centerline structures of the trees. We focus on step (3). This task is complicated by several problems associated with current segmentation and axial-analysis methods, including missing branches, false branches, and other topological errors in the extracted trees. We propose a model-based approach in which the extracted trees are assumed to arise from an initially unknown common structure corrupted by a sequence of modelled topological deformations. We employ a novel mathematical framework to directly incorporate this model into the matching problem. Under this framework, it is possible to define the set of matches that are consistent with a given deformation model. The optimal match is the member of this set that maximizes a user-definable similarity measure. We present several such similarity measures based upon geometrical attributes (e.g., branch lengths, branching angles, and relative branchpoint locations as measured from the 3D image data). We locate the globally optimal match via an efficient dynamic programming algorithm. Our primary analytical result is a set of sufficient conditions on the user-definable similarity measure such that our dynamic programming algorithm is guaranteed to locate an optimal match. Experimental results have been generated for 3D human CT chest scans and micro-CT coronary arterial-tree images of mice. The resulting matches are in good agreement with correspondences defined by human experts.
The Utility of a Curriculum-Based Assessment Instrument in the Development of Individualized Education Plans for Infants and Young Children:

This study investigated the effectiveness of the Evaluation and Programming System: Assessment Level I (EPS-I) in developing individual educational goals. The EPS-I is a curiculum-based assessment ...
The Pathologist and the Hydropic Placenta, Fetus, or Infant

Many anatomic and histologic abnormalities, in large variety, are associated with fetal and placental edema. It is the pathologist's responsibility first, to identify these abnormalities, and second, to propose or to establish a mechanism by which a candidate abnormality might have led to development of edema. The first process, of documentation, is often assisted by antenatal studies that have identified a candidate lesion. However, the pathologist must bear in mind that the presence of one disorder does not exclude others. The second process, of elucidating the abnormal physiologic mechanisms by which edema developed, can prove elusive and may verge on investigative rather than diagnostic work. An outline for pathologic examination of the hydropic placenta or fetus is presented.
Learning and labour assignment in a dual resource constrained cellular shop

Recent studies have shown that in a cellular shop that benefits from learning due to repetitive processing, limitations attributable to routing flexibility can be more than offset. Moreover, the shop can respond more quickly to changes in demand than a job shop. This study examines the impact of labour assignments in a dual constrained cellular shop in which processing times decrease with operator task repetition. Results indicate that in the presence of operator learning, shop performance is significantly affected by the flexibility permitted in labour assignments. Moreover, the sensitivity of performance to labour assignments is significantly impacted by staffing levels and the magnitude of learning effects.
Somatic cell mapping, polymorphism, and linkage analysis of bovine prolactin-related proteins and placental lactogen

The bovine prolactin gene family includes novel members expressed in the fetal placenta that are distinct from placental lactogen. In this study, we investigated the genetic organization of four members of this gene family (PRP1, PRP3, PRP6, and PRP10) as well as placental lactogen (PL). Using a bovine-rodent hybrid somatic cell panel, all five genes were assigned to bovine chromosome 23, which contains prolactin and the major histocompatability group (BOLA). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were detected by all probes in breeding populations with the restriction enzyme MspI, whereas no polymorphisms were detected with BamHI. EcoRI, HindIII, TaqI, and PstI produced polymorphic fragments with some but not all of the probes tested. A PRP10 polymorphism, which is apparently the result of a insertion/deletion event, detected polymorphism frequency differences between Bos indicus and Bos taurus. No recombinational events were observed with these probes and prolactin using linkage analysis involving 91 American Holsteins. The bovine prolactin gene family was incorporated into a linkage group containing CYP21. Our studies demonstrate that members of the bovine prolactin gene family have a close physical association with each other, and all members demonstrate genetic variability in the breeding population.
Persistent interactions in fermion-boson systems

By treating persistent interactions as intrinsically nonlinear, non-perturbative excitations, it is possible to construct finite self-interactions in quantum field theories. The essential step, called proper normalization, simultaneously ensures that the interactions are intrinsically nonlinear and the self-scattering amplitudes are finite. In this paper these ideas and techniques are generalized to describe fermion-boson interacting quantum field theories. The result is that any such theory can be properly normalized.
Seat biases of apportionment methods under general distributional assumptions

Apportionment methods round vote proportions to integer numbers of seats in parliament. Seat biases of an apportionment method are expected differences between the seats actually apportioned to the parties and their ideal fractional shares of seats. In this letter it is shown that, for many popular apportionment methods, asymptotic seat biases for an increasing number of seats in parliament do not depend on the distributional assumption for the vote counts.
The Effect Of Token Rewards On “Intrinsic Motivation” For Doing Math

This study used a multielement baseline design to analyze the effects of token rewards delivered contingent upon completion of math problems by 2 middle-school boys. Time spent on math and number of work pages completed increased (with high accuracy) during reward conditions and were maintained during fading and withdrawal. At followup, time spent and work pages completed remained well above baseline for 1 boy and fell below for the other, while accuracy remained high and ratings of liking math were the highest possible for both boys. Overall, the results are inconsistent with warnings about use of token rewards to motivate children. DESCRIPTORS: reinforcement, motivation, token economy, mathematics
M. tuberculosis persistence, latency, and drug tolerance

The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a pathogen is largely attributable to its ability to persist in host tissues, where drugs that are rapidly bactericidal in vitro require prolonged administration to achieve comparable effects. Latency is a frequent outcome of untreated or incompletely treated M. tuberculosis infection, creating a long-standing reservoir of future disease and contagion. Although the interactions between the bacterium and its host that result in chronic or latent infection are still largely undefined, recent years have seen a resurgence of interest and research activity in this area. Here we review some of the classic studies that have led to our current understanding of M. tuberculosis persistence, and discuss the varied approaches that are now being brought to bear on this important problem.
Design of composite channels for optimized transport in nitride devices

Heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) based on AlGaN / GaN structures have shown good performance as high power and high frequency devices. Theoretical simulations of transport in short channel HFETs show that there are several areas where considerable improvements in mobility, etc. can be made if thin composite structures (as considered in this work) can be utilized. We examine transport in a metal / AlGaN / InN / GaN composite structure. The InN region is very thin (∼ 15 A) and is introduced to improve the low field transport without significantly impacting the device breakdown properties. Our model is capable of examining any other type of composite structure as well. Our simulation method consists of charge control solution of the heterostructure wave functions, followed by Monte Carlo simulation of scattering and free flight events. We present comparison of results on i) metal / AlGaN / GaN structure, and ii) a metal / AlGaN / GaN structure with a thin InN channel of the order of a few mono-layers. We find that mobility in the channel can improve considerably with very little effect on the mobility - charge product. Indeed, the charge density induced in the thin InN channel region is ∼ 1013cm∼2. While the peak velocities in a metal / AlGaN / InN / GaN structure exhibit an increase of nearly 30% over the values in metal / AlGaN / GaN structures, the low field mobilities are also increased. Low-field mobilities of ∼ 2500 cm2 (V · s)∼ are predicted along with high sheet charges for low interface disorder for the structure with a thin InN layer. For higher degree of interface disorder (∼ 70A), we have found good agreement with experimental Hall mobility data for similar structures. At higher electric fields, we find that most electron population transfers to higher valleys or other sub-bands that lie in AlGaN or GaN. This ensures that high field breakdown of low band gap InN layer is also suppressed.
Aldose reductase in diabetic complications of the eye

Aldose reductase (AR) appears to initiate the cataractous process in galactosemic and diabetic animals. Sugars in excess are converted to polyols by lens AR. In sugar cataracts, polyols accumulate to levels substantial enough to cause a hypertonicity leading to lens fiber swelling. All other changes appear secondary to polyol accumulation and lens swelling. The development of sugar cataracts can be duplicated in organ culture. In culture, the various changes that occur were minimized or did not occur when inhibitors of AR were included in the medium. Moreover, AR inhibitors were shown to effectively delay the onset of sugar cataract development in animals. A defect in the corneal epithelium of diabetics became apparent in vitrectomy. One manifestation of this problem was the delay in the reepithelialization of denuded corneas. In examining this problem experimentally, the epithelium was removed from the corneas of diabetic and normal rats. The regeneration of epithelium in corneas of diabetic rats required a longer period than in the normal. The possibility that AR, active in the epithelium, was involved in this phenomenon was investigated. The corneal epithelium was removed from both eyes of a diabetic rat. One eye was treated topically with the AR inhibitor CP-45,634 while the other served as control. The eye treated with CP-45,635 regenerated epithelium much more quickly than the untreated eye. Other AR inhibitors had similar beneficial effects.
Habit reversal for the treatment of Tourette syndrome.

Abstract Habit reversal has been found effective for the treatment of individual tics. The present study used habit reversal to treat three subjects with the multiple tics of Tourette Syndrome. Tic frequency was reduced over a 6–8-month period by 93–95% in the clinic setting and by 64–99% in the home setting with a concurrent decrease in severity. The procedure holds promise as a treatment for Tourette Syndrome.
Graded cueing feedback in robot-mediated imitation practice for children with autism spectrum disorders

We performed a study that examined the effects of a humanoid robot giving the minimum required feedback - graded cueing - during a one-on-one imitation game played children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). 12 high-functioning participants with ASD, ages 7 to 10, each played “Copy-Cat” with a Nao robot 5 times over the span of 2.5 weeks. While the graded cueing model was not exercised in its fullest, using graded cueing-style feedback resulted in a nondecreasing trend in imitative accuracy when compared to a non-adaptive condition, where participants always received the same, most descriptive feedback whenever they made a mistake. These trends show promise for future work with robots encouraging autonomy in special needs populations.
Simultaneous determination of cyclophosphamide and carboxyethylphosphoramide mustard in human plasma using online extraction and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HTLC-ESI-MS/MS).

Abstract A rapid and selective method for simultaneous determination of cyclophosphamide and its metabolite carboxyethylphosphoramide mustard (CEPM) was developed using online sample preparation and separation with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Diluted plasma was injected onto an extraction column (Cyclone MAX 0.5 mm × 50 mm, >30 μm), the sample matrix was washed with an aqueous solution, and retained analytes were transferred to an analytical column (Gemini 3 μm C18 110A, 100 mm × 2.0 mm) using a gradient mobile phase prior to detection by MS/MS. Analytes were detected in an API-3000 LC-MS/MS system using positive multiple-reaction monitoring mode (m/z 261/140 and 293/221 for CTX and CEPM, respectively). Online extraction recoveries were 76% and 72% for cyclophosphamide and CEPM. Within-day and between-day variabilities were
HIGH-SPIN BARYONS. I. THE PION--BARYON--BARYON VERTEX.

A simple analysis is given for the coupling of a pion to baryons of arbitrary spins and parities. The structure of the vertex depends on a new quantum number called $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ parity. Recursion formulas are given relating high-spin vertices to lower spin vertices. The recursion formulas are solved to give explicit formulas for the $\ensuremath{\pi}B{B}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ vertex when one baryon is at rest. New polynomials in the energy variable are introduced for this purpose. A symmetry relation is derived which connects vertex functions of opposite $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ parity and opposite energy of the moving baryon. The isospin structure of the vertex is analyzed in order to obtain a standardized form useful in comparing effective coupling constants. "Transition isospin matrices" are introduced and their properties derived. General, explicit formulas for decay widths are given for arbitrary-spin transitions of the baryons. No trace calculations are required.
MR imaging findings of pyogenic bacterial myositis (pyomyositis) in patients with local muscle trauma: illustrative cases

Pyogenic myositis (pyomyositis) represents a bacterial infection of muscle, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is endemic in tropical regions. Pyomyositis commonly affects patients who are immunocompromised or who have underlying chronic disorders. Lower extremity localization of infection is typical. The most common pattern of disease, however, appears to be a solitary abscess in the quadriceps musculature. Delay in accurate diagnosis is frequent and clinical deterioration can be precipitous. In view of the high associated morbidity, early imaging to detect, localize, and define disease extent is important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the definitive diagnosis of pyomyositis. This article provides a pictorial illustration of the spectrum of MRI findings associated with pyogenic myositis.
The Chronology of the Early Books of Lucilius

Friedrich Marx in the Prolegomena to his edition of Lucilius in 1904–5 proposed that the earliest books of Lucilius, viz. Books 26–30, were composed between the years 132 and 129 B.C. Conrad Cichorius, in his distinguished work Untersuchungen zu Lucilius (1908), advanced a lower date of 123 B.C. for the first collection, arguing his case with such skill and supporting it with such a quantity of apparently indisputable historical material that many scholars have for the last seventy years accepted many of his conclusions. The late dating of Books 26–30 is based primarily on three fragments, one in Book 26 (671–2M/650–1W/656–7K), and two in Book 30 (1088M/1017W/1054K and 1089M/1018W/1055K). In the survey of the datable fragments of Books 26–30 which follows the aim will be to demonstrate how the historical work of the last seventy years has affected our conclusions about the date of these fragments, and how these lines, which have been assigned late dates by Cichorius, in fact conform to the generally accepted pattern of early datable references in the first collection of Lucilius' satires.
Nicotine preference in smokers as a function of smoking abstinence.

Overnight smoking abstinence increases desire to smoke and intensity of smoking behavior in smokers, but it is not completely clear that this reflects an increase in reinforcement from the psychoactive effects of nicotine per se. We examined choice of nicotine vs. placebo via nasal spray (Study 1) and nicotine vs. nonnicotine cigarette puffs (Study 2) in separate groups of smokers during each of two sessions, following overnight abstinence vs. no abstinence. In each study, subjects followed a forced choice procedure in which they were instructed to self-administer six sprays/puffs from between the two nasal sprays/cigarettes every 15 min for 2 h following initial exposure to each. In Study 1, choice of nicotine spray (1.5 μg/kg per spray) increased significantly following abstinence vs. no abstinence (47 ± 6% vs. 34 ± 5%, respectively, p < 0.05). This shift in choice was more pronounced in the subset of smokers (choosers, n = 9 out of 24) who selected nicotine on more than 50% of choices on the abstinent day. Choosers exhibited greater responses to initial nicotine exposure on positive (e.g., pleasant, vigor) but not aversive (e.g., jittery, uneasy) subjective measures, suggesting that greater positive reinforcement from nicotine per se predicted subsequent choice. In Study 2, abstinence similarly increased choice of nicotine vs. nonnicotine cigarette puffs (82 ± 6% vs. 64 ± 8%, p < 0.05), although nearly all subjects (12 of 13) preferred the nicotine cigarette following abstinence. These results indicate that choice of nicotine per se, isolated from tobacco smoke, increases significantly after overnight tobacco abstinence.
Inflorescence size and fruit distribution among individuals in three orchid species.

Fruit distribution among individuals in populations of three orchid species was analyzed. Fruit set was low in the three species. The distribution of fruits in the non-autogamous species was skewed to the right, with high variance: mean ratios, and a moderate to high proportion of fruitless plants. Larger inflorescence size did not necessarily result in an increase in percent fruit set but tended to increase the probability to produce at least one fruit. Pollinator-mediated selection on inflorescence size through fruit production may be limited by the low overall level of visitation and the resulting uncertainty of pollination at the individual level.
Induction of diapausing amictic eggs in Synchaeta pectinata

Amictic females of a clone of S. pectinata from Star Lake (Norwich, Vermont) may produce diapausing as well as non-diapausing (subitaneous) eggs. The proportion of diapausing eggs produced in cultures was unaffected by temperature (12 vs 19 °C) or rotifer population density (minima of 0.33 vs 3 ind. ml−1) at 19 °C. However, at 19 °C this proportion was higher in cultures maintained at a low food level suppressing reproduction (5 × 103 cells ml−1Cryptomonas erosa) than in those maintained at a high food level (2 × 104 cells ml−1); the treatment effect was marginally significant (p=0.067). Consistent with the effect of low food availability, a period of starvation was very effective in inducing the development of diapausing eggs. None of 19 females cultured individually from hatching at 19 °C on C. erosa (2 × 104 cells ml−1) in 1-ml volumes produced any diapausing eggs in 4 days (0 out of 349 eggs), while 13 out of 16 females subjected to a 15-hour starvation period 6 hours after birth produced one or more diapausing eggs during that time (34% of the 158 eggs produced by the 16 females were diapausing). Diapausing eggs produced and left at 19 °C hatched after 4 to 13 days. Those produced in cultures with a low food level took significantly longer to hatch (9.7 days) than those produced in cultures with a high food level (8.1 days) (p=0.022). In natural communities, S. pectinata should be able to respond directly and rapidly to poor food conditions by producing eggs that undergo an obligatory dormant period before resuming development.
Book Review: Benoît Peeters, Derrida: A Biography

A review of Benoit Peeters, Derrida: A Biography, trans. Andrew Brown (Cambridge: Polity, 2013).
Moving Target [Guest editors' introduction]

Moving-target technologies can significantly raise the bar for attackers even without requiring that the distribution of vulnerabilities in the underlying systems be reduced. These techniques should be essential tools for every system architect.
Counseling Families of Children with Communication Disorders

When a child is diagnosed with a communication disorder, family members often are confused and in shock. They are not prepared for the challenges associated with a long-term communication disorder, and family-focused resources are not readily accessible. The sense of loss related to the diagnosis may provoke a grief reaction, which, if not resolved, could lead to depression and other problems for the family and the child. The authors explore two types of grief: stage and episodic. They also discuss the importance of the role of the speech—language pathologist in recognizing and understanding the family's grief and facilitating positive strategies for dealing with it.
A Conjecture of Gleason on the Foundations of Geometry

Abstract Felix Klein emphasized the intrinsic connection between symmetry groups and geometries in his Erlangen Program. Perhaps motivated by Klein, Gleason [5] posed a very general conjecture on topologizing symmetry groups that he regarded as fundamental for a general study of geometries. Gleason in fact proved his conjecture in a very special case. The purpose of this paper is to show that Gleasonʼs general conjecture is false as originally stated and that it is true only under very strong hypotheses. Along the way new general results in descriptive set theory are proved about a class of functions that behave like but are distinct from functions of Baire class 1.
VARIABLE INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME IN TOF IS EXPLAINED IN PART BY 22Q11.2 DELETION STATUS

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) experience variable outcome though the determinants are incompletely understood. We sought to investigate the mechanisms underlying such variability by studying the clinical status of children and adolescents with TOF and the contribution of 22q11.2 deletion (
An all-digital 12pJ/pulse 3.1–6.0GHz IR-UWB transmitter in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a fully integrated all-digital ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitter. All functional blocks in the transmitter are implemented with digital standard cells and automatically placed-and-routed (APR-ed) by design tools. The center frequency and the bandwidth of the UWB pulses are digitally tuned to compensate for variations, and a calibration scheme utilizing APR mismatch is explored. The transmitter is fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process, and occupies a core area of 0.036mm2. The transmitter operates in the 3.1–6GHz UWB band, and the active energy consumption ranges from 12pJ/pulse to 38pJ/pulse.
Participation by purines in the modulation of norepinephrine release by methoxamine.

Abstract The α1-receptor agonist methoxamine reduced, by a prazosin sensitive mechanism, the nerve stimulation evoked release of norepinephrine in the rat caudal artery. The effect of methoxamine was also antagonized by the purinoceptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline suggesting an involvement of endogenous purines in this process. Indeed, methoxamine caused the release of adenine nucleotides and adenosine, an action which was blocked by prazosin. These results suggest that methoxamine releases ATP or a related purine which in turn decreases transmitter release by acting on prejunctional purinoceptors.
Achieving soil organic carbon sequestration with conservation agricultural systems in the southeastern United States.

Conservation management of degraded land has the potential to build soil fertility, restore soil functions, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions as a consequence of surface soil organic matter accumulation. Literature from the southeastern United States was reviewed and synthesized to: (i) quantitatively evaluate the magnitude and rate of soil organic C (SOC) sequestration with conservation agricultural management; (ii) evaluate how conservation management affects surface SOC accumulation and its implications on ecosystem services; and (iii) recommend practical soil sampling strategies based on spatial and temporal issues to improve the detection of statistically significant SOC sequestration. Soil organic C sequestration was 0.45 ± 0.04 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 (mean ± standard error, n = 147, 20 ± 1 cm depth, 11 ± 1 yr) with conservation tillage compared with conventional tillage cropland. Establishment of perennial pastures sequestered 0.84 ± 0.11 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 (n = 35, 25 ± 2 cm depth, 17 ± 1 yr). Stratification of SOC with depth was common under conservation agricultural management and appears to be integrally linked to abatement of soil erosion, improvement in water quality, and SOC sequestration. Sampling of conservation management systems should ideally occur repeatedly with time in controlled and replicated experiments, but there is also an urgent need for chronosequence and paired-field surveys of SOC on working farms in the region to validate and expand the scope of inference of experimental results. Landowners in the southeastern United States have great potential to restore soil fertility and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions with the adoption of and improvement in conservation agricultural systems (e.g., continuous no-till, high-residue crop rotations, high organic matter inputs).
The effect of cerebellar stimulation on neuronal activity in the motor cortex.

Abstract Electrophysiological studies with extracellular microelectrodes demonstrate that, in anesthetized cats, high-frequency stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei could cause an increase or a decrease in spike activity recorded from neurons of the ipsilateral and contralateral motor cortex. Some of these neurons were also responsive to antidromic stimulation. This suggests that the cerebellum can exert and influence not only on the cortical interneurons but also on neurons directly concerned with motor function. In unanesthetized animals, responses of neurons in the ipsilateral and contralateral motor cortex could be evoked by a single stimuli applied to the cerebellar nuclei. No change was produced by ablation of the contralateral motor cortex. Thus, the possibility of transcallosal transmission was eliminated. The absence of any evoked response to single stimulus in animals under barbiturate anesthesia indicates that, aside from the well-known cerebellothalamocortical pathway, there are other cerebellocortical pathways which are resistant to barbiturate action and which probably involve the reticular formation of the midbrain and other basal structures of the cerebrum.
Cocaine Abstinence Symptomatology and Treatment Attrition

Premature termination from outpatient cocaine treatment predicts a number of poor outcomes, including higher rates of relapse and unemployment. This study attempted to predict dropouts from outpatient cocaine treatment, as well as those unable to achieve initial abstinence from cocaine, using two baseline variables that had previously been shown to predict treatment dropout: a measure of the severity of cocaine abstinence symptomatology using the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) and the initial urine toxicology. Results of logistic regression analyses indicated that those with more intense abstinence symptoms, as measured by the CSSA, were five times more likely to terminate treatment prematurely. When combined with the CSSA, the initial urine did not significantly predict dropouts. The CSSA and the baseline urine were equal in their ability to predict those who would fail in their initial attempts to achieve abstinence. Implications for treatment are discussed.
The formation of polytwinned structures in FePt and FePd alloys

Abstract 1. 1. The polytwinned structures in the FePt and FePd alloys derived from a nucleation and growth process in which the coherent ordered regions form aligned particle arrangements under the influence of the elastic strain energy. The impingement and coalescence of the ordered particles to form twin related structural domains give rise to a high density of APB's within the twin plates. 2. 2. The nuclei form as disks along the {110} planes of the cubic matrix and these nuclei may merge with an order parameter or c/a ratio less than the equilibrium value but as the strain energy of the system relaxes the c/a ratio approaches equilibrium. 3. 3. The polytwinned structure undergo a coarsening process under the mutual influence of the strain and surface energies analogous to “discontinuous coarsening” of lamellar two-phase aggregates resulting from cellular phase separation.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography Evidence of Vasospasm in Children With Suspected Acute Hemiplegic Migraine

Hemiplegic migraine is a rare subtype of migraine that is differentiated by motor weakness in the aura phase. The purpose of this case series was to examine the magnetic resonance angiogram findings of patients suffering from suspected acute hemiplegic migraine. This was a retrospective institutional board review protocol study of 8 patients. All patients received full brain magnetic resonance imaging under a 1.5-T magnet. The scans were subsequently evaluated by a neuroradiologist and 2 neurologists who were blinded to the study. The magnetic resonance angiogram findings of this study showed the presence of vasospasm within the intracranial vasculature during suspected acute hemiplegic migraine. This case series suggests that routine use of magnetic resonance angiography might be beneficial in both managing patients with acute hemiplegic migraine and helping to further understand the pathophysiology of this complicated disease process.
Chemotherapy in management of mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary.

Abstract Chemotherapy regimes of 35 cases of mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary referred to Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1960 and 1979 were reviewed. Twelve precent response rate was obtained with chemotherapeutic agents used as first line and 7% with those used as second line. This review failed to show any clear cut difference in effectiveness among various combinations used.