cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sticky eyelid syndrome.

Purpose To report on patients seen with an unusual condition affecting the eyelids. The syndrome manifests as a temporary adhesion which forms between the upper and lower eyelid associated with laxity of the lower lid retractors. This results in a peculiar closure of the lids. Design Retrospective case reports. Methods Charts of affected patients were reviewed for their clinical histories, examination findings, external photographs, and the results of treatment. Results Ten consecutive patients with the associated findings were reviewed. All cases were unilateral. Seven patients were Asian and three were Caucasian. Nine patients were symptomatic; of these, all were treated conservatively except for one who requested surgery. Two cases are described and photographs are shown. Conclusion Lower eyelid retractor laxity combined with a temporary adhesion between the upper and lower lid results in the clinical findings of Sticky Eyelid Syndrome.
Magnetic Field-Induced Phase Transitions in Ferrofluid Emulsion

Two field-induced phase transition regimes are found in a ferrofluid emulsion system, which are defined by three critical fields, Hc1<HC2<Hc3. The first regime, which starts at Hc1 and finishes at Hc2, is the transition from a gas to induced Nematic liquid crystal phase. In the second regime, or Hc2<H<Hc3, induced Nematic liquid crystal transits to columnar solid structure. A phase diagram is drawn and is explained well by a scaling calculation, which gives Hc1~Φ−1/2, Hc2~Φ−1/4, and Hc3~Φγexp(πG/Φγ/2), where Φ is the volume fraction, γ=0.172 and G=1.44.
The stereochemistry of some naturally occurring guaianolides and isophotosantonic lactone

Die Stereochemie der Sesquiterpene Tenulin, Balduilin und Helanilin sowie isophotosantonisches Lakton wird behandelt und provisorische Strukturformeln fur diese Substanzen vorgeschlagen.
Time-Frequency Analyses of Thyroarytenoid Myoelectric Activity in Normal and Spasmodic Dysphonia Subjects

Digital recordings of thyroarytenoid (TA) myoelectric activity (via percutaneous hooked-wire electrodes) were obtained for 10 normal control subjects and 10 subjects with spasmodic dysphonia during performance of five tasks of varying complexity: quiet breathing, Valsalva maneuver, whispered /i/, voiced /i/, and "beep beep went the heap." Time-frequency power spectral density functions, PSD(f,t), were determined for a selected segment of the signals, and measures of median frequency, mean frequency, bandwidth, and center frequency of PSD(f,t) were derived for each sample point. Statistical median, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and mode of the power spectral density measures were computed to compose feature vectors for each TA myoelectric recording. Statistical pattern recognition procedures using maximum likelihood classification tests were applied to the feature space to discriminate disordered from normal speakers for each task. Findings indicate a high level of discriminability between subject groups for phonated speaking tasks in contrast to low levels of discriminability for whispered and nonspeech tasks. Graphical presentations of three-dimensional PSD(f,t) plots are given that illustrate changes in spectral characteristics of TA EMG at the onset of laryngospasm.
Measurement of pregnenolone in blood

Abstract A radio-ligand assay for the measurement of pregnenolone in 5 ml of plasma has been devised. Pregnenolone is converted to progesterone enzymatically and measured as progesterone. The method has low blank value and high sensitivity (0.3 ng). Plasma concentrations of pregnenolone were (means ± SEM, ng/ml): men, 0.83 ± 0.08; women, follicular phase, 0.96 ± 0.14; women, luteal phase, 2.06 ± 0.23.
A new tail-fit method design for jitter decomposition

Although decreasing IC feature size and increasing I/O speed enable better system capability and performance, they also introduce technological challenges. One of the most important challenges is as I/O speed increases: jitter should decrease accordingly to ensure a reasonable bit error rate (BER) for a link system. Precise jitter characterization of signals at critical internal nodes provides valuable information for hardware fault diagnosis and next generation design. Understanding the separate contributions to jitter is challenging in this high speed industrial world. In this paper, Bounded Uncorrelated Jitter (BUJ), Random Jitter (RJ) and Periodic Jitter (PJ) are examined. A method is proposed to find BUJ in the presence of RJ, by first estimating RJ and then finding BUJ through de-convolution. A new tail-fit method is proposed to estimate the probability distribution for RJ. This new tail fit method is applicable for the general signal histogram, while the traditional tail fit method is only valid for the specific or ideal signal histogram.
γ-labelings of complete bipartite graphs

Explicit formulae for the -min and -max labeling values of complete bipartite graphs are given, along with -labelings which achieve these extremes. A recursive formula for the -min labeling value of any complete multipartite is also presented.
Asian vs Non-Asian Differences in Achievement-related Background Variables of Medical Students

Asian and Non-Asian medical students in Phase I of a six-year medical pro gramme did not differ in any of the demographic and many of the home, ethnic ity and achievement-related motivational variables, except that the fathers of Asians had higher educational and professional levels, mothers had higher edu cational level with significantly greater number being housewives, there was more parental participation in educational and vocational decisions and higher resultant achievement; Asians spent less time with babysitters when young, in sports, in earning money, and in dating activities; they did not have to complete chores before tests, and they did not get allowance for chores; they received more financial but less physical support from parents; less parental acceptance of non-medical programme entry and less unique parental support in intrinsically motivated individuality; and exhibited less fear of success imagery.
High-Spin Multiquasiparticle Yrast Traps in Hf 176

We have identified several high-$K$ four- and six-quasiparticle states between 2.5 and 5 MeV excitation in $^{176}\mathrm{Hf}$, which are well described by the collective model with axial symmetry. Isomers with ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={14}^{\ensuremath{-}},{19}^{+}, \mathrm{and} {22}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ form traps at or near the yrast line. The yrast structure changes from the ground band to a ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={16}^{+}$ band at $I=16$ and again to a ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={22}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state at $I=22$, providing the first demonstration that intrinsic excitations of a heavy deformed nucleus can become yrast.
A demonstration of improved precision of word recognition scores.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to demonstrate improved precision of word recognition scores (WRSs) by increasing list length and analyzing phonemic errors. Method Pure-tone thresholds (frequencies between 0.25 and 8.0 kHz) and WRSs were measured in 3 levels of speech-shaped noise (50, 52, and 54 dB HL) for 24 listeners with normal hearing. WRSs were obtained for half-lists and full lists of Northwestern University Test No. 6 (Tillman & Carhart, 1966) words presented at 48 dB HL. A resampling procedure was used to derive dimensionless effect sizes for identifying a change in hearing using the data. This allowed the direct comparison of the magnitude of shifts in WRS (%) and in the average pure-tone threshold (dB), which provided a context for interpreting the WRS. Results WRSs based on a 50-word list analyzed by the percentage of correct phonemes were significantly more sensitive for identifying a change in hearing than the WRSs based on 25-word lists analyzed by percentage of correct words. Conclus...
Public Investment in University Distance Learning Programs: Some Performance-Based Evidence

An increasing proportion of public expenditures on higher education are devoted to distance learning. This provokes an obvious public policy question—How well does distance learning work? This study addresses that question by means of a large sample, control group study of undergraduate and graduate student success in university distance learning courses. Student success is measured by the grade assigned to the student by his/her faculty member. Gender, age, ethnic background, distance learning experience, experience with the institution providing the instruction and measures of academic aptitude and previous academic success are statistically significant determinants of student success. Similarly, faculty characteristics such as gender, age, ethnic background and education background are statistically significant predictors of student success, though not necessarily in the manner some might hypothesize.
Flt3 ligand pretreatment promotes protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes.

Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) plays a critical role in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of haematopoietic progenitor cells. Its potential use in a clinical setting has been suggested. Here, we report that mice administered Flt3L displayed a nine-fold increase in size of their hepatic non-parenchymal cell population and an approximate 365-fold increase in number of mature dendritic cells within their livers. Such mice exhibited an elevated resistance to secondary infections with Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular bacterial pathogen. More than 2.0 log(10)fewer listeriae were recovered in the livers of Flt3L-treated, than untreated, mice on day 2 following secondary challenge. Importantly, Flt3L-pretreated mice immunized with an avirulent (listeriolysin O-negative) strain of Listeria harbored significantly fewer ( approximately 1.5 log(10)) organisms in their spleens and livers than did control mice immunized with listeriolysin O-negative listeriae and challenged with a lethal dose of bacteria. The latter finding supports a potential role for Flt3L in strategies to develop vaccines to intracellular pathogens.
Pore evolution during high pressure atomic vapor deposition

The development of physical vapor deposition systems that employ inert gas jets to entrain and deposit atomic and molecular fluxes have created an interest in the atomic assembly of thin films under high pressure (10–500 Pa) deposition conditions. Thin films grown under elevated pressure and low surface mobility conditions can contain a higher volume fraction of porosity and a different pore morphology to coatings created by conventional, low pressure (<10−4 Pa) deposition processes. A recent direct simulation Monte Carlo simulation analysis of binary vapor–gas jet atom interactions has shown that the incident angle distribution (IAD) for vapor atom impacts with a substrate is strongly effected by the background pressure. Here, these results are combined with a kinetic Monte Carlo technique to simulate the high pressure growth of vapor deposited nickel films and identify the mechanisms of pore formation. We find that when the surface atom mobility is low, shadowing of oblique angle arrivals by features on the substrate result in the incorporation of porosity with a hierarchical size distribution that includes elongated, inter-columnar pores and finer scale intra-columnar pores. The nucleation of the inter-columnar pores is related not only to the IAD, but also to the height and spacing of the initial asperities on the substrate and to those that subsequently evolve during deposition. The volume fraction of the inter-columnar pores is found to increase as both the fraction of oblique atom arrivals and the height of the asperities increase. For each prescribed IAD and asperity height, an asperity spacing is found that maximizes the inter-columnar pore fraction. By varying the IAD for a given substrate surface topology, in conjunction with intermittent observations of the coating structure during the growth process, the flux shadowing mechanisms that govern the inter-columnar pore nucleation have been determined.
Voltage-Clamp Studies on the Canine Purkinje Strand

Purkinje strands were excised from the left and right ventricles of adult mongrel dogs and cut to lengths of less than 2.0 mm in order to apply the two-microelectrodes voltage-clamp technique. A sizeable fraction of these preparations fully recover following dissection, with resting potentials more negative than--80 mV and upstroke velocities faster than 290 V s-1. Analysis of the voltage response to small current pulses shows that the short Purkinje strands can be treated as simple finite one-dimensional cables with ends of infinite resistance. The average length constant is 2.5 mm. In keeping with the relatively long length constant, insertion of a third microelectrode along the strand demonstrates a high degree of longitudinal homogeneity of the voltage clamp. Analysis of the capacity transient gives an estimate of the total capacity, normalized to cylindrical surface area, of 11.5 muF cm-2. The final decay of the capacity transient is a single exponential with an average time constant of 1 ms. A second slower component to the final decay of the capacity transient is absent in solutions of normal conductivity as well as in solutions of reduced (13%) conductivity. This suggests that the extracellular series resistance may be relatively small. The magnitude of the K+ depletion current was estimated by measuring the ratio of depletion current to instantaneous current. This ratio averaged 10%. These two results are consistent with the morphometric data described in the accompanying paper, which show that the canine preparation has wider extracellular clefts than the ungulate preparation. The existence of the full complement of inward and outward currents, including the pacemaker current, is demonstrated. The presence of wide clefts does not affect the potential at which the pacemaker current reverses (about--107 mV in 4 mM [K+] Tyrode solution), since the pacemaker current reverses at approximately the same potential in the canine Purkinje preparation as it does in the ungulate.
The Crystallization of 5-Methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile in the Presence of Structurally Similar Compounds

Abstract The lab-scale crystallization of 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (ROY) has been investigated either alone or in the presence of structurally similar derivatives. Derivatives have been prepared that either change the crystal form or morphology of the product crystals as compared to 100% ROY crystallization experiments.
En Bloc Resection of Primary Spinal Tumors

Primary tumors of the spine present an oncologic and technical challenge to obtain a cure. En bloc resection of the lesion allows for complete removal of the tumor with negative margins. This report details this technique along with a discussion of the reconstruction and associated potential complications.
Absorption and luminescence of the bound exciton in thallium doped silicon

Abstract We report the photoluminescence and absorption spectra of the bound exciton in Si:Tl. Four lines are observed in both spectra in contrast to three lines observed in the Al, Ga, In doped Si. The total oscillator strength is approximately 4x10-4 continuing a trend of increasing oscillator strength with binding energy.
On some orthogonal polynomials of interest in theoretical chemistry

Constructive methods are developed for a class of polynomials orthogonal on two symmetric intervals. An analysis is given of certain phenomena of instability in connection with nonlinear recursions. Special cases arising in the study of the diatomic linear chain are worked out explicitly. In one of these cases the associatedn-point Gauss-Christoffel quadrature formula has equal weights whenevern is even.
Current perspectives on the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

In 1995, the NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) Stroke Study Group published the results of a large multicenter clinical trial demonstrating efficacy of intravenous tPA by revealing a 30% relative risk reduction (absolute risk reduction 11%–15%) compared with placebo at 90 days in the likelihood of having minimal or no disability. Since approval in 1996, tPA remains the only drug treatment for acute ischemic stroke approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Over the years, an abundance of research and clinical data has supported the safe and efficacious use of intravenous tPA in all eligible patients. Despite such supporting data, it remains substantially underutilized. Challenges to the utilization of tPA include narrow eligibility and treatment windows, risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, perceived lack of efficacy in certain high-risk subgroups, and a limited pool of neurological and stroke expertise in the community. With recent US census data suggesting annual stroke incidence will more than double by 2050, better education and consensus among both the medical and lay public are necessary to optimize the use of tPA for all eligible stroke patients. Ongoing and future research should continue to improve upon the efficacy of tPA through more rapid stroke diagnosis and treatment, refinement of advanced neuroimaging and stroke biomarkers, and successful demonstration of alternative means of reperfusion.
Effect of High-Level Grain Feeding on Milk Production Response of Lactating Dairy Cows

Summary Eighteen lactating dairy cows were divided into three comparable groups approximately 36 days postpartum to study the effect of feeding high levels of grain for a complete lactation. Grain was fed at three levels: Group 1, 1.0lb grain per 3.5lb milk; Group 2, 1.0lb grain per 2.5lb milk, and Group 3, grain ad libitum. The cows fed the two higher levels of grain produced considerably more milk than expected from the first part of lactation, whereas cows fed the low level of grain produced slightly less milk than expected. The averages of milk produced during the 260-day experimental period were 9,861, 10,650, and 12,543lb per cow for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the same order, the average percentages of milk fat, protein, and SNF were 3.7, 3.8, 8.9; 3.6, 3.8, 8.9; and 3.7, 3.8, 9.0, respectively. The average gains in body weight were 0.64, 0.91, and 0.94lb per cow per day for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for suicidal adolescents

Abstract Suicide is a leading cause of death for young people and rates of serious suicidal thoughts are even higher. Due to these high rates and potential harm to youth, effective interventions are necessary. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the impact of interventions designed for suicidal adolescents. Both quasi-experimental and experimental designs in the published and unpublished literature were included, and a total of 17 studies were located. According to meta-analysis, intervention group participants were slightly less likely to have suicidal and self-harm events than control group participants. However, when studies assessed outcome at a later period than immediately after intervention, experimental group participants were slightly more likely to have suicidal and self-harm events than control group participants. For studies that measured suicidal ideation at posttest, intervention group participants were slightly less likely to report suicidal ideation than control group participants, both at posttest and at follow-up. These contradictory findings are explored and discussed.
Femtosecond pulse generation in Ti:Al 2 O 3 using a microdot mirror mode locker

A new nonlinear intracavity device called a microdot mirror mode locker is demonstrated for ultrashort-pulse generation in solid-state lasers. The microdot mirror produces fast saturable absorber action by using self-focusing. Pulse durations of 190 fs are achieved in a Ti:Al2O3 laser. The microdot mirror mode locker is modular, preserves wavelength tunability, and can be extended to a wide range of solid-state lasers.
Mapping the agonist binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by cysteine scanning mutagenesis: antagonist footprint and secondary structure prediction.

To further define the surface of the Torpedo californicanicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) contributing to the agonist binding site structure, we used the substituted Cys accessibility method to identify novel residues and determined the “footprint” of residues protected from modification by the reversible competitive antagonist d-tubocurarine (dTC). nAChRs containing single Cys substitutions within regions of the α- or γ-subunit primary structure known to contribute to the agonist binding site were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Cys substitutions in binding site segments A (αTyr-93 and αAsn-94), C (αTyr-198), and D (γGlu-57) had been shown previously to be accessible for modification. We now introduced cysteines from αAsp-195 to αIle-201 and from γAla-106 to γAsp-113 and identified positions accessible for modification in segments C (αAsp-195, αThr-196, αPro-197, αAsp-200, and αIle-201) and E (γAsn-107 and γLeu-109). dTC protected against alkylation in segments D (γGlu-57) and E (γLeu-109) but not in segment A (αTyr-93 and αAsn-94). In segment C, dTC protection experiments revealed a pattern in which every other residue (α196, α198, and α200, but not α197 or α201) was protected from alkylation. This pattern of protection provides evidence that bound dTC is near amino acids in segments C, D, and E but not in segment A, and identifies a β-strand surface within segment C contributing to the binding site. These results are discussed in terms of a homology model, based on the molluscan acetylcholine binding protein crystal structure, of theT. californica nAChR agonist binding site.
Base Sequence Damage in DNA from X-irradiated Monkey CV-1 Cells

SummaryTwo kinds of 3′-ends were detected in DNA scission fragments of highly repetitive primate component αDNA which were isolated from irradiated monkey CV-1 cells. The fragments' 3′-ends were characterized by 5′–32P-end labelling the DNA, followed by examination in high-resolution polyacrylamide gels under denaturing conditions. Hydrolysis of the labelled fragments' termini with exonuclease III of E. coli or by the 3′-phosphatase activity of T4 polynucleotide kinase generated a third, slowest migrating species in each mobility size class.Reference to mobility size class standards makes it highly probable that the fragment ends generated by X-rays in cells are 3′-phosphoryl and 3′-phosphoglycolate, and that they are converted to slower migrating fragments with 3′-OH ends, similar to results obtained with DNA irradiated in water (Henner et al. 1982, 1983 a, b).Densitometer measurements of gel autoradiograms showed that X-ray induction of DNA fragments with 3′-phosphoryl and 3′-phosphoglycolate ends was d...
AppWand: editing measured materials using appearance-driven optimization

We investigate a new approach to editing spatially- and temporally-varying measured materials that adopts a stroke-based workflow. In our system, a user specifies a small number of editing constraints with a 3-D painting interface which are smoothly propagated to the entire dataset through an optimization that enforces similar edits are applied to areas with similar appearance. The sparse nature of this appearance-driven optimization permits the use of efficient solvers, allowing the designer to interactively refine the constraints. We have found this approach supports specifying a wide range of complex edits that would not be easy with existing techniques which present the user with a fixed segmentation of the data. Furthermore, it is independent of the underlying reflectance model and we show edits to both analytic and non-parametric representations in examples from several material databases.
Same-Day Thyroidectomy: A Review of Practice Patterns and Outcomes for 1,168 Procedures in New York State

There has been a shift of procedures from the inpatient to the outpatient setting. Same-day thyroidectomy (SDT) has been reported in high-volume single-institution series, but few studies have evaluated its widespread use. Patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign and malignant thyroid disease were abstracted from the 2004 New York State inpatient (SID) and ambulatory surgery (SASD) databases. SDTs were discharged on the same day as their surgery. Patient and provider (surgeon and hospital volume) characteristics were associated with outcomes, including probability of SDT versus hospital admission and 30-day rehospitalization, by bivariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 6,762 thyroidectomies were identified; 17% (1,168) were SDTs. Patients undergoing SDT compared to thyroidectomy with admission were more often white (80 vs. 65%, P < 0.001), with private insurance (80 vs. 70%, P < 0.001) and fewer comorbidities (96 vs. 89% with Charlson scores of none/low, P < 0.001). SDT was performed more often by high-volume surgeons (48 vs. 31%, P < 0.001) and at high-volume hospitals (61 vs. 35%, P < 0.001). Rehospitalization rates of 1.4 and 2.4% were observed for SDT and inpatient thyroidectomy, respectively (P = NS). In multivariate analysis, thyroidectomy by a high-volume surgeon was associated with a higher chance of same-day discharge (odds ratio = 2.3, P < 0.001). Nearly 20% of thyroidectomy patients undergo SDT in New York State. They have different demographic and clinical characteristics than patients undergoing thyroidectomy who are admitted. There seem to be a few high-volume surgeons and centers with extensive SDT experience. More research is needed to explore optimized patient triage and patterns of referral to centers of excellence.
Imaging of Physeal Injury Overuse

Context:As the intensity of youth participation in athletic activities continues to rise, the number of overuse injuries has also increased. A subset of overuse injuries involves the physis, which ...
Social-Emotional Support, Life Satisfaction, and Mental Health on Reproductive Age Women’s Health Utilization, US, 2009

To examine the associations among social-emotional support, life satisfaction, and mental health with not having a routine checkup among women of reproductive age in the US, data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population-based telephone survey of health behaviors, were analyzed among reproductive aged (18–44 years) women in the US. Prevalence estimates were calculated for not having a routine checkup in the past year with measures of social-emotional support, life satisfaction, and mental distress. Independent multivariable logistic regressions for each measure assessed not having a routine checkup within the past year with adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, education level, and health care coverage. Among women of reproductive age, 33.7 % (95 % CI 33.0–34.4) did not have a routine checkup within the past year. Factors associated with not having a routine checkup included: having social-emotional support most of the time (AOR = 1.29, 95 % CI 1.20–1.38) or sometimes or less (AOR = 1.47, 95 % CI 1.34–1.61) compared to those who reported always having the social-emotional support they need; reporting life satisfaction as being satisfied (AOR = 1.27, 95 % CI 1.19–1.36) or dissatisfied (AOR = 1.65, 95 % CI 1.43–1.91) compared to being very satisfied; and frequent mental distress (AOR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.09–1.30) compared to those without. Women who report lower levels of social-emotional support, less life satisfaction, and frequent mental distress are less likely to see a doctor for a routine checkup. Targeted outreach that provides appropriate support are needed so these women can access clinical services to increase exposure to preventive health opportunities and improve overall health.
Appropriate hearing screening in the pediatric patient with head trauma.

Abstract Purpose To develop an algorithm for the appropriate audiologic screening of in children with head trauma. Methods Participants were the first consecutive 50 children admitted to a children's hospital trauma service after October 1, 2005, whose injuries resulted in a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤13 and/or loss of consciousness (LOC) but no history of hearing loss. Screening tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions testing, and/or routine audiometric evaluation were performed as soon as possible after admission. Age, GCS score, Pediatric Trauma Score, Injury Severity Score, presence of head and neck soft tissue injury, temporal bone fracture, skull fracture not involving the temporal bone, midface/mandible fractures, intracranial abnormality on computed tomography, and cervical fracture were analyzed as risk factors for hearing loss. Results Seventeen (34%) of the 50 children had abnormal hearing test results. Fischer's exact test showed abnormal test results were most strongly related to temporal bone fracture ( p = 0.0041), non-temporal bone skull fracture ( p = 0.0211) and younger age ( p = 0.0638). Conclusions Any child with head trauma and clinical or radiologic evidence of temporal bone fracture should have early hearing evaluation. Using the proposed algorithm to test children with head trauma and GCS ≤13 and/or LOC and age
Expert adaptive control for drug delivery systems

The goal of this investigation is the development of an adaptive drug delivery system for use in regulation of critical care patients suffering from cardiac failure. It is assumed that adaptive control algorithms combined with expert system techniques are necessary to maintain stable patient statues within narrow physiological bounds in the presence of large plant uncertainty, and a hybrid controller is presented. Its structure is adjusted by an expert system that attempts to select the best control scheme in accordance with the dynamic structure of the plant. An illustrative example is presented, demonstrating the improved performance provided by the hybrid control scheme. >
Identification and characterization of chiroinositol-containing phospholipids from bovine liver.

Abstract Glycosylphosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositols, postulated as precursor species of insulin mediators, were investigated for the presence of myoinositol, chiroinositol, glucosamine and galactosamine in their carbohydrate moities. Our study of bovine liver lipids shows heterogeneity in glycosylphosphatidylinositols with at least two species containing 96–97% chiroinositol and 95–100% galactosamine, with molar ratios of chiroinositol: phosphate: galactosamine: galactose: mannose (1:1.8:1:3:2 and 1:1.2:1:1.6:1). Another species contained predominantly myoinositol and glucosamine. Furthermore, we identified phosphatidylinositols with either myoinositol or chiroinositol present. Thus, distinct myoinositol and chiroinositol species of glycosylphosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositols are present in bovine liver.
A bayesian analysis of the multinomial model for a dichotomous response with nonrespondents

This paper studies the mu1tinomial model 2x2 contingency table data with some cell counts missing .Various hypotheses of interest including row-column independence are tested by using Bayes factors which represent the ratio of the posterior odds to the prior odds for the null hypothesis. The Dirichlet-Beta family of prior distributions is considered for the multinomial parameters cond itional on the complement of the null hypothesis. The Bayes factor for the incomplete data is a mixture of the Bayes factors for different possibilities for the full data.
Application of complex demodulation on bZIP and bHLH-PAS protein domains

Proteins are built with molecular modular building blocks such as an α-helix, β-sheet, loop region and other structures. This is an economical way of constructing complex molecules. Periodicity analysis of protein sequences has allowed us to obtain meaningful information concerning their structure, function and evolution. In this work, complex demodulation (CDM) is introduced to detect functional regions in protein sequences data. More specifically, we analyzed bZIP and bHLH-PAS protein domains. Complex demodulation provided insightful information about changing amplitudes of periodic components in protein sequences. Furthermore, it was found that the local amplitude minimum or local amplitude maximum of the 3.6-aa periodic component is associated with protein structural or functional information due to the observation that the extrema are mainly located in the boundary area of two structural or functional regions.
Symptoms as predictors of response in depression.

Sertraline, a novel selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, has been proven as effective as amitriptyline and imipramine, and more effective than placebo, in double-blind controlled studies in pat...
The Relationship between Attitudes toward Social Interdependence and Psychological Health within Three Criminal Populations

Summary Attitudes toward cooperative, competitive, and individualistic situations were correlated with a number of measures of criminal attitudes and thought patterns and psychological pathology. Three male-criminal samples from correctional institutions were included in the study: 62 juvenile inmates, 25 prisoners in a minimal security prison, and 36 prisoners in a maximal security prison. The results indicate that the more cooperatively oriented the inmates, the greater their psychological health; competitiveness had some relationship to psychological health; and positive attitudes toward individualistic situations were correlated with psychological pathology, alienation, and criminal attitudes and thought patterns. These results provide some indication of the possible long-term impact of the three types of social interdependence, extend previous research to criminal samples, and relate the literature on social interdependence with the literature on psychological health and criminality.
Deformations of the embedding of the SU(2) monopole solution in SU (3)

This paper is concerned with static Yang-Mills-Higgs fields, in the Prasad-Sommerfield limit of no Higgs self-interaction. One can obtain SU (3) multipole solutions from SU(2) solutions by embedding, in several different ways. In some of these cases, the embedding belongs to a family of SU(3) solutions that are not all embeddings; in other words, some embeddings can be deformed into non-embeddings. The simplest case, an embedding of the SU(2) spherically symmetric monopole, is studied with the aid of the twistor construction procedure. The family of axially symmetric SU(3) solutions to which it belongs is described.
Investigation of size effects on material behavior of thin sheet metals using hydraulic bulge testing at micro/meso-scales

Abstract Reliable material models are necessary for accurate analysis of micro-forming and micro-manufacturing processes. The grain-to-feature size ratio (d/Dc) in micro-forming processes is predicted to have a critical impact on the material behavior in addition to the well-known effect of the grain size (d) itself as manifested by the Hall–Petch relation. In this study, we investigated the “size effects” on the material flow curve of thin sheet metals under hydraulic bulge testing conditions. The ratio of the sheet thickness to the material grain size (N=t0/d) was used as a parameter to characterize the interactive effects between the specimen and the grain sizes at the micro-scales, while the ratio of the bulge die diameter to the sheet thickness (M=Dc/t0) was used to represent the effect of the feature size in the bulge test. Thin sheets of stainless steel 304 (SS304) with an initial thickness (t0) of 51 μm and three different grain sizes (d) of 9.3, 10.6, and 17 μm were tested using five bulge diameters (Dc) of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 100 mm. A systematic approach for determining the flow curve of thin sheet metals in bulge testing was discussed and presented. The results of the bulge tests at different scales showed a decrease in the material flow curve with decreasing N value from 5.5 to 3.0, and with decreasing M value from 1961 to 191. However, as M value was decreased further from 191 to 49, an inversed relation between the flow curve and M value was observed; that is, the flow curve was found to increase with decreasing M value from 191 to 49, a new observed phenomenon that has never been reported in any open literature. New material models, both qualitatively and quantitatively, were developed to explain the size effects on the material flow curve by using the N and M as the characteristic parameters of relative size between the grain, the specimen (i.e., sheet thickness), and the part feature (i.e., bulge diameter). The explanation and prediction of the flow curve behavior based on these models were shown to be in good agreement with the bulge test results in this study and in the literature.
Quantitative PCR for Epstein–Barr virus DNA and RNA in multiple sclerosis:

BackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with MS, but it is not clear whether EBV plays a role in the pathogenesis of MS.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the immune control of EBV might be de...
Feature-based argument mapping and animacy optimization in impersonal passives

Analysis of the alternation between impersonal reflexives and reflexive passives in Spanish shows that higher animacy makes an argument less marked as an object. This generalization supports Hopper and Thompson's (1981) "transitivity hypothesis", since it is entailed by their claim that objects tend to be highly individuated. The article proposes an optimality-theoretic implementation of the analysis, using a feature-based approach to argument realization modeled on Bresnan and Kanerva's (1989) lexical mapping theory. The proposal highlights a contradiction between the transitivity hypothesis and the approaches to animacy that follow Silverstein's (1976) analysis of split ergative languages, for which alternatives are suggested.
Barnard and morality in organizations

Since Chester I. Barnard wrote The Functions of the Executive in 1938 numerous authors have cited his many ideas about organizational and individual behavior. Barnard believed that an individual's willingness to cooperate and function within an organization related to his or her “zone of indifference,” and the amount of authority the individual was willing to grant to a superior. Barnard's ideas concerning the zone of indifference are related in this article to “Stages of Moral Development” as measured by protocols developed by Lawrence Kohlberg.
Depth Reduction for Circuits of Unbounded Fan-in

We prove that constant depth circuits of size nlogO(1)n over the basis AND, OR, PARITY are no more powerful than circuits of this size with depth four. Similar techniques are used to obtain several other depth reduction theorems; in particular, we show every set in AC0 can be recognized by a family of depth-three threshold circuits of size nlogO(1)n. The size bound nlogO(1)n is optimal when considering depth reduction over AND, OR, and PARITY. Most of our results hold for both the uniform and the nonuniform case.
Invited Review: Quality of Care Concepts and Nutrition Support

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' (JCAHO) Agenda for Change has refocused and redefined quality monitoring in health care. The JCAHO has operationalized these new concepts of quality monitoring and evaluation by means of a 10-step process that includes the development of clinical indicators. Theoretical frameworks for the 10-step process were drawn from the work of theorists whose applications of quality-monitoring methods occurred in business and industry. An enhanced understanding of the current JCAHO definitions of quality and processes for quality measurement will help practitioners prepare for future accreditation surveys. A review of quality monitoring and evaluation activities in nutrition support has demonstrated a need for more published accounts to document these important activities.
The runway model of drug self-administration.

Behavioral scientists have employed operant runways as a means of investigating the motivational impact of incentive stimuli for the better part of the past 100 years. In this task, the speed with which a trained animal traverses a long straight alley for positive incentive stimuli, like food or water, provides a reliable index of the subject’s motivation to seek those stimuli. The runway is therefore a particularly appropriate tool for investigating the drug-seeking behavior of animals working for drugs of abuse. The current review describes our laboratory’s work over the past twenty years developing and implementing an operant runway model of drug self-administration. Procedures are described that methodologically dissociate the antecedent motivational processes that induce an animal to seek a drug, from the positive reinforcing consequences of actually earning the drug. Additional work is reviewed on the use of the runway method as a means of modeling the factors that often result in a “relapse” of drug self-administration after a period of abstinence (i.e., a response reinstatement test), as are runway studies that revealed the presence of opposing positive and negative consequences of self-administered cocaine. This body of work suggests that the runway method has served as a powerful behavioral tool for the study of the behavioral and neurobiological basis of drug self-administration.
Metamorphoses and Missing Halves: Allusions in Paul Theroux's Picture Palace

(1981). Metamorphoses and Missing Halves: Allusions in Paul Theroux's Picture Palace. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 17-30.
On the angular dependence of the cyclotron resonance peaks in lead

Abstract The angular dependence of the Azbel'-Kaner cyclotron resonance peaks in lead is analyzed in terms of Shockley's formula. All of the anisotropies in the cyclotron resonance peaks originating from the 〈110〉 cylindrical arms of the Fermi surface measured in the four parallel field geometries by Onuki et al. [J. Phys. Chem. Solids 38, 419 (1977)] are shown to be characterized by the set of the effective masses (m1, m2,m3) = (1.18, 0.244, −8.71)m along the crystal directions ([001], [110], [110]) and their equivalents. This means that the cyclotronic motion in the {110} planes is electron-like and its orbits are elliptic in k-space characterized by masses (m1, m2) while the heli-axial motion is hole-like. The physical origins of this unusual behavior are discussed in direct-lattice space.
Toxicological properties of phosphorothioate and related esters present as impurities in technical organophosphorus insecticides

O,O,S‐Trimethyl phosphorothioate, an impurity in several technical organophosphorus insecticides, when administered orally to rats at single doses as low as 15 mg/kg caused delayed mortality, with death occurring 4–22 d after treatment. Delayed toxic signs were also observed in mice, but mice were generally less sensitive than rats. O,O,S‐Triethyl phosphorothioate and O,S,S‐trimethyl phosphorodithioate induced the same signs of intoxication at slightly higher doses. Rats treated with O,O,S‐trimethyl phosphorothioate refused food and water within 24 h after treatment and did not eat or drink until the time of death. Neither injection of nutrient solution nor atropine served to reduce or block intoxication. However, the isomeric O,O,O‐trimethyl phosphorothioate was a potent antagonist of the toxicity of O,O,S‐trimethyl phosphorothioate. As little as 1% of the O,O,O‐trimethyl isomer protected rats from the intoxicating effects of the O,O,S‐trimethyl isomer at doses as high as 200 mg/kg. Rat serum carboxylest...
Identification of the principal cell type yielding immune RNA capable of transferring tumor-specific cellular cytotoxicity

Abstract A search was made for the lymphoid cell type(s) which are the source of immune RNA (I-RNA) capable of transferring tumor-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC). Hartley guinea pigs were immunized with syngeneic murine fibrosarcomas (BP-10 or BP-11) induced by 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene in C3H/HeJ mice, and the I-RNA was extracted individually from their spleens, lymph nodes, and peritoneal exudate (PE) cells. All three I-RNA preparations were able to convert normal C3H/HeJ mouse lymphocytes to effector cells significantly cytolytic to the specific syngeneic mouse tumor in vitro . Furthermore, lymphocytes and macrophages were purified from the spleens, lymph nodes, and PE cells of tumor-immunized guinea pigs. I-RNA was extracted from these purified cell populations and also from the pooled guinea pig lymphoid tissues. Normal C3H/HeJ lymphocytes were incubated with each type of I-RNA and tested in vitro for CMC against the specific tumor cells. Significant CMC against BP-10 targets was observed with mouse lymphocytes incubated with I-RNA extracted from pooled lymphoid tissues of BP-10 tumor-immunized guinea pigs. There was a reduced but still significant CMC when mouse lymphocytes were incubated with I-RNA extracted from purified guinea pig lymphocytes, whereas there was a markedly increased CMC when the I-RNA was extracted from purified guinea pig macrophages. As indicated by sucrose density gradient analysis, the lesser effectiveness of lymphocyte I-RNA was not due to RNA degradation resulting from lymphocyte purification or I-RNA extraction. Treatment of all types of I-RNA with RNase abrogated the transfer of CMC, whereas treatment of I-RNA with DNase or pronase did not. RNA extracted from the lymphoid tissues of guinea pigs immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant without tumor was ineffective. Mouse lymphocytes incubated with BP-10 macrophage I-RNA destroyed BP-10 but not BP-11 tumor cells, whereas lymphocytes incubated with BP-11 macrophage I-RNA killed BP-11 but not BP-10 tumor cells, thus indicating tumor specificity of the immunity transferred by macrophage I-RNA. Our results suggest that macrophages are the principal source of I-RNA capable of transferring tumor-specific CMC.
Seasonal fluctuations in soil microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus, and activity in no-till and reduced-chemical-input maize agroecosystems

The soil microbial biomass contains important labile pools of C, N, P, and S, and fluctuations in its size and activity can significantly influence crop productivity. In cropping systems where fertilizer use is reduced or eliminated and green-manure legumes are used, nutrient availability is more directly linked to C-cycle dynamics. We observed the fluctuations in microbial biomass C and P, and in microbial biomass activity over three cropping seasons in continuous maize and 2-year maize-wheat-soybean rotation agroecosystems under no-till and reduced-chemical-input management. We estimated the concentrations of microbial C and P using fumigation-incubation and fumigation-extraction techniques for the surface 20 cm of Cecil and Appling series soils (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kanhapludults). There were significant seasonal fluctuations in microbial C and P under all cropping systems. Generally, the magnitude of fluxes and the quantity of microbial C and P tended to be higher in reduced-chemical-input systems due to tillage and incorporation of crop, weed, and legume residues. Over 3 years, the means for microbial C were 435 under reduced-input maize; 289 under no-till maize; 374 und the reduced-input crop rotation; and 288 mg kg-1 soil under the no-till rotation. The means for microbial P were 5.2 under reduced-input maize; 3.5 under no-till maize; 5.0 under the reduced-input rotation; and 3.5 mg kg-1 soil under the no-till rotation. Estimates of microbial activity, derived from CO2−C evolution and specific respiratory activity (mg CO2−C per mg biomass C), suggest that reduced-chemical-input management may cause a larger fraction of the biomass to be relatively “inactive” but may also increase the activity of the remaining fraction over that in no-till. Thus in these specific systems, the turnover of C and P through the microbial biomass with a reduced chemical input to the soil may be higher than under a no-till system.