cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hate on the Ballot: Election 2020 and the Quest for a Diverse and Inclusive Democracy

This article demonstrates that Donald Trump normalized hatred and cruelty in our society since his campaign for the presidency in 2016. This hatred and cruelty emboldened, encouraged and empowered those who commit hate crimes. This violence divides Americans and pits them against each other. It allows foreign adversaries to exploit our divisions to weaken us. The article summarizes empirical evidence showing that no President in modern American history has inspired more hatred and cruelty than Donald Trump. This led directly to more hate crimes. The article also relies on the intelligence assessments of the entire intelligence community and the Department of Defense regarding the threat to national security. The article seeks to articulate legal limits on the political use of hate speech that undermines the general welfare and domestic tranquility, and threatens the common defense. First, it argues that impeachment can set an important precedent against political hate speech and the promotion of civil war in furtherance of the intent of foreign powers. Second, the Court needs to impound potential national security concerns and racial hate crimes into its approach to hate speech regulation. Third, the Court needs to rethink its approach to the festering American racial hierarchy which now operates as an open wound and national security threat. That hierarchy must meet its demise, and law must take the lead in undoing the legal handiwork that led to the hierarchy. As more Americans suffer from this hierarchy the more costly the hierarchy becomes. In sum, the legal system and the Court should respond as in the past, to preserve the national security of the United States. Otherwise, the Supreme Court will weaken the U.S. It will permit increasing domestic violence to fracture the United States and morph into a major geopolitical defeat of the United States.
Small to large Fermi surface transition in a single-band model using randomly coupled ancillas

We describe a solvable model of a quantum transition in a single band model involving a change in the size of the electron Fermi surface without any symmetry breaking. In a model with electron density $1\ensuremath{-}p$, we find a ``large'' Fermi surface state with the conventional Luttinger volume $1\ensuremath{-}p$ of electrons for $pg{p}_{c}$, and a first-order transition to a ``small'' Fermi surface state with a non-Luttinger volume $p$ of holes for $pl{p}_{c}$. As required by extended Luttinger theorems, the small Fermi surface state also has fractionalized spinon excitations. The model has electrons with strong local interactions in a single band; after a canonical transformation, the interactions are transferred to a coupling to two layers of ancilla qubits, as proposed by Zhang and Sachdev [Phys. Rev. Research 2, 023172 (2020)]. Solvability is achieved by employing random exchange interactions within the ancilla layers, and taking the large $M$ limit with $\mathrm{SU}(M)$ spin symmetry, as in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models. The local electron spectral function of the small Fermi surface phase displays a particle-hole asymmetric pseudogap, and maps onto the spectral function of a lightly doped Kondo insulator of a Kondo-Heisenberg lattice model. We discuss connections to the physics of the hole-doped cuprates: the asymmetric pseudogap observed in STM, and the sudden change from incoherent to coherent antinodal spectra observed recently in photoemission. A holographic analogy to wormhole transitions between multiple black holes is briefly noted.
Decentralized Wireless Resource Allocation with Graph Neural Networks

We consider the problem of optimal decentralized resource allocation in wireless networks. We formulate a constrained statistical learning problem to design the optimal resource allocation policy with a localized information structure. To represent the allocation policy, we propose the use of Aggregation Graph Neural Networks (Agg-GNNs), which take a sequence of graph aggregated state information obtained locally at each transmitter from multi-hop neighbors as an input. Moreover, the aggregation sequence with respect to an interference graph is formed naturally through wireless transmission. We demonstrate a permutation equivariance property of the resulting resource allocation policy and train with an unsupervised, model free primal dual method. The proposed strategy is verified by numerical simulations compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Why Law Students Should Take the Federal Courts Course

The most unique feature of the American judiciary is its dual system of trial courts, one state and one federal. This article explores the reasons traditionally given for the need for lower federal courts and whether, in practice, the federal courts are actually serving those needs. For example, it has been assumed that state courts are less hospitable to federal civil rights and consumer claims than federal courts, yet in many jurisdictions, plaintiffs’ lawyers prefer filing claims in state courts under state anti-discrimination or consumer laws rather than federal laws to prevent removal of the case to federal court. The article encourages third-year law students to take this capstone course because of its unique blend of the highly theoretical with the very practical questions facing any lawyer in deciding whether to file in - or remove to - federal court.
Continuing medical education (dermatologic surgery): cryosurgery of basal cell carcinoma

Cryosurgery is now a widely accepted modality for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas. This article presents a practical approach to using cryosurgery for this purpose in the dermatologist's office. Understanding the cryobiologic basis of cryosurgery is a prerequisite. Aspects of treatment covered include selection and use of appropriate equipment, indications and contraindications for specific tumors, preoperative preparation, various treatment technics with clinical and instrumental depth-dose monitoring, postoperative care, cure rate, and cosmetic and functional end results. The overall results obtained by cryosurgery compare favorably with those obtained by other modalities. Cryosurgery is the treatment of choice for some basal cell carcinomas and a satisfactory alternate treatment for others.
Distributed energy-efficient hierarchical clustering for wireless sensor networks

Since nodes in a sensor network have limited energy, prolonging the network lifetime and improving scalability become important. In this paper, we propose a distributed weight-based energy-efficient hierarchical clustering protocol (DWEHC). Each node first locates its neighbors (in its enclosure region), then calculates its weight which is based on its residual energy and distance to its neighbors. The largest weight node in a neighborhood may become a clusterhead. Neighboring nodes will then join the clusterhead hierarchy. The clustering process terminates in O(1) iterations, and does not depend on network topology or size. Simulations show that DWEHC clusters have good performance characteristics.
Untangling the Universe

The Fabric of the Cosmos Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality. by Brian Greene. Knopf, New York, 2004. 583 pp. $28.95, C$39.95. ISBN 0-375-41288-3. Allen Lane (Penguin), London. £25. ISBN 0-7139-9677-3. Though writing for a broad, lay audience, Greene also offers scientists an excellent exposition of what our current understanding of physics tells us about the universe.
A novel variant three-way translocation of inversion 16 in a case of AML-M4eo following low dose methotrexate therapy

We report a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia (AML-M4eo) in a 65-year-old man following low dose methotrexate treatment for pemphigus vulgaris. Cytogenetic studies at diagnosis revealed a complex karyotype including a reciprocal translocation between 11q14.2 and 16q22, an inversion of chromosome 16(p13.1q22), and an apparently terminal deletion of 7q31. The presence of inv(16) was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction which demonstrated a Type A fusion transcript derived from the core binding factor (CBF) β and the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MYH11) genes. The patient was in complete hematologic and cytogenetic remission 6 months following intensive chemotherapy. Because AML-M4eo with inv(16) has a favorable prognosis, molecular studies should be performed in case the identification of inv(16) by conventional cytogenetics is difficult due to a complex karyotype.
The Near Infra-Red Spectrum of Water Vapor Part II. The Parallel Bands ν 3 , ν 1 + ν 3 · ν 2 + ν 3 and the Perpendicular Band ν 1

An analysis of the rotational structure of the three "parallel" type bands, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}$, and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}$ and the "perpendicular" type band ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ has been carried out. The data lead to the following effective values of $A$, $B$, and $C$: ($A=\frac{h}{8{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{I}_{a}},B=\frac{h}{8{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{I}_{b}},C=\frac{h}{8{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{I}_{c}}$); $A({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1})=27.26$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $B({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1})=14.28$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $C({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1})=9.17$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; $A({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=26.50$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $B({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=14.40$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $C({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=9.10$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; $A({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=26.04$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $B({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=14.16$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $C({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=8.95$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$; $A({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=29.32$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $B({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=14.56$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $C({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})=9.06$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. These data permit a redetermination of the vibrational constants ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{i}$, ${x}_{i}$, ${x}_{\mathrm{ik}}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The new values obtained for the ${w}_{i}$ are the following: ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}=3829.4$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}=1654.5$, and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}=3940.1$.
Desorption kinetics of methanol, ethanol, and water from graphene.

The desorption kinetics of methanol, ethanol, and water from graphene covered Pt(111) are investigated. The temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectra for both methanol and ethanol have well-resolved first, second, third, and multilayer layer desorption peaks. The alignment of the leading edges is consistent with zero-order desorption kinetics from all layers. In contrast, for water, the first and second layers are not resolved. At low water coverages (<1 monolayer (ML)) the initial desorption leading edges are aligned but then fall out of alignment at higher temperatures. For thicker water layers (10–100 ML), the desorption leading edges are in alignment throughout the desorption of the film. The coverage dependence of the desorption behavoir suggests that at low water coverages the nonalignment of the desorption leading edges is due to water dewetting from the graphene substrate. Kinetic simulations reveal that the experimental results are consistent with zero-order desorption. The simulations also...
Adrenocortical activity and behavioral distress in human newborns

The association between behavioral distress and adrenocortical activity was examined in two experiments with human newborns. In Experiment 1, behavioral and adrenocortical responses to 4 events (circumcision, blood sampling, weighing and measuring, and discharge examination) were compared using a between-subject design. All 4 events elicited fussing and crying and elevations in plasma cortisol; however, differences in behavioral distress among conditions did not reliably predict differences in plasma cortisol. In Experiment 2, nonnutritive sucking was used to effectively reduce behavioral distress, but was not associated with a reduction in the adrenocortical response to stimulation. Finally, using data from both experiments, correlations were computed between behavioral distress and cortisol. Both positive and negative associations were found as a function of the type of stressor and the biomedical status of the newborn.
Melt Rheology of High l-Content Poly(lactic acid)

The melt rheology of linear poly(lactic acid)s (PLA) characterized by a high content of the l-form of the monomer is comprehensively investigated. Measurements of dynamic, steady, and transient shear viscosities are presented. Extensional data on PLA are presented for the first time and show a strong strain hardening behavior. The Cox−Merz relationship is obeyed over a particularly wide range (roughly 3 decades of shear rate). Results for high molecular weight samples suggest that the plateau modulus is approximately 5 × 105 Pa. In addition, the zero shear viscosity, η0, for these materials is found to roughly scale with the expected 3.4 power vs molecular weight. The transient shear results are satisfactorily predicted using a truncated form of the K−BKZ constitutive equation and a set of Maxwell modes (Gk, λk) derived from the dynamic spectra. However, to capture the observed extensional hardening, an additional long time relaxation mode must be added to the spectrum. Time sweep measurements demonstrate...
Quality of life and mood in women with gynecologic cancer: a one year prospective study.

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QOL) and mood were prospectively investigated during the first year of treatment among women with gynecologic cancers. Relationships of coping styles to QOL and mood were examined. METHODS Ninety-eight patients with early stage or regionally advanced gynecologic cancers were recruited. Mood and QOL were assessed at initial clinic visit and at one year, and medical information was abstracted from charts at both time-points. RESULTS Although decrements in physical, functional, and total well-being were reported at baseline by regionally advanced patients, by one year, all patients reported significant improvements in QOL and mood. There were no differences between early stage and regionally advanced patients in their improvement for these measures. Controlling for medical variables and age, patients who coped using greater acceptance and positive reframing at their initial visits reported better one year QOL; those with continued higher levels of these adaptive coping strategies at one year reported better concurrent functional and emotional well-being. Greater seeking of social support at one year was associated with better concurrent social well-being and doctor-patient relationships. In contrast, disengaged coping at study entry was associated with poorer doctor-patient relationships at one year; continued disengagement at one year was associated with poorer concurrent QOL and greater distress. CONCLUSIONS During the first year following treatment, QOL and mood improved among both early stage and regionally advanced gynecologic oncology patients. Patients using disengaged coping are particularly at risk for poor QOL and distress. Cancer 2002;94:131–40. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Microporous Ruthenium Oxide Films for Energy Storage Applications

Highly porous ruthenium oxide films were prepared using ruthenium ethoxide solution at low temperatures. The specific capacitance of the ruthenium oxide film electrode made with ruthenium ethoxide solution is much higher than that made using the traditional ruthenium chloride solution. It was found that amorphous ruthenium oxide films with high porosity could be formed at temperatures of 100-200 °C. At temperatures above 250 °C, crystalline ruthenium oxide films were formed. Electrochemical capacitors were made with ruthenium oxide film electrodes and were tested under constant current charging and discharging. The maximum specific capacitance of 593 F/g was obtained from the electrode prepared at 200 °C. The interfacial capacitance increased linearly with increasing film thickness. A value of interfacial capacitance as high as 4 F/cm2 was obtained from the electrode prepared at 200 °C.
Photometric studies of δ Scuti stars. I. IP Virginis

ABSTRACT We report 15 new times of maximum light for the δ Scuti star IP Virginis (formerly known as SA 106‐1024). An analysis of all times of maximum light indicates that IP Vir has been decreasing in period at a constant rate of − \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $7.4\times 10^{-9}$ \end{document} days day−1. Evidence is also presented that IP Vir is a double‐mode variable with a period ratio of \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathr...
Energy decay for the neutrino equation in the exterior of a torus

Local energy decay is established for the solutions of the neutrino equation in the exterior G of a torus for a class of boundary conditions, described as follows: To each energy conserving boundary condition at a point x on ∂G there corresponds a vector in the tangent plane to ∂G at x. The result has been proved when the torus and boundary conditions are axially symmetric and when the paths generated by this vector field are closed. What is novel about this problem is the fact that the boundary conditions are nowhere coercive.
Testing visual short-term memory of pigeons (Columba livia) and a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with a location change detection task

Change detection is commonly used to assess capacity (number of objects) of human visual short-term memory (VSTM). Comparisons with the performance of non-human animals completing similar tasks have shown similarities and differences in object-based VSTM, which is only one aspect ("what") of memory. Another important aspect of memory, which has received less attention, is spatial short-term memory for "where" an object is in space. In this article, we show for the first time that a monkey and pigeons can be accurately trained to identify location changes, much as humans do, in change detection tasks similar to those used to test object capacity of VSTM. The subject's task was to identify (touch/peck) an item that changed location across a brief delay. Both the monkey and pigeons showed transfer to delays longer than the training delay, to greater and smaller distance changes than in training, and to novel colors. These results are the first to demonstrate location-change detection in any non-human species and encourage comparative investigations into the nature of spatial and visual short-term memory.
Extending the reach of GPS-assisted femtocell synchronization and localization through Tightly-Coupled Opportunistic Navigation

A strategy known as Tightly-Coupled Opportunistic Navigation (TCON) is proposed for extending the penetration of GPS-assisted femtocells in weak-signal indoor environments. Standards and regulatory agencies impose strict time, frequency, and location requirements on femtocells. These can be met with GPS aiding to unparalleled time and positioning accuracies, but GPS signals are extremely weak and thus difficult to acquire indoors. The results of this paper suggest that a TCON solution fusing GPS with CDMA cellular signals offers significant sensitivity gains over state-of-the-art assisted-GPS receivers, allowing GPS-synchronized femtocells to be deployed in 90% of all residences.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Induction of Nerve Growth Factor in L929 Mouse Fibroblasts: Effect of Vitamin D Receptor Regulation and Potency of Vitamin D3 Analogs

Decreased nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in the hippocampus and reduced nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in CH1-4 basal forebrain areas have been implicated in neurodegeneration. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) have been located in brain areas affected by neurodegenerative diseases. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], the active form of vitamin D, has been shown to induce NGF in L929 mouse fibroblasts and rat hippocampus. In the present study we analyzed the VDR in L929 cells, which we used as a model system. We studied the regulation of VDR abundance and the ability of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to induce NGF synthesis. Scatchard analysis of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 binding showed the VDR concentration to be 173 fmol/mg protein and the affinity to be 0.12 nM. VDR was localized to nuclei of L929 cells by immunocytochemistry. Treatment of cells with forskolin (FSK; 50 microM), which activates the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway, resulted in an 8- to 10-fold up-regulation of VDR by 6 h, and VDR remained elevated at 24 h, as we have reported for other cells. NGF secretion was measured in serum-free conditioned medium using a double sided enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment (0.1 pM to 10 nM) for 24 h increased the NGF concentration 2- to 3-fold, an effect that plateaued at 1 nM 1,25-(OH)2D3. VDR up-regulation by FSK pretreatment augmented the NGF response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 2-fold compared to that in vehicle-pretreated cells for a total 6-fold increase compared to basal NGF levels. The vitamin D analogs EB-1089 and 22-oxacalcitriol, which have been found to be less calcemic than 1,25-(OH)2D3, also induced NGF synthesis. The effects of these analogs were further enhanced by prior up-regulation of VDR with FSK. In conclusion, we have characterized the VDR in L929 cells and shown that 1,25-(OH)2D3 and its less calcemic analogs induce NGF. Furthermore, up-regulation of VDR abundance enhanced NGF induction. These effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and its analogs via VDR to regulate NGF synthesis may have significance for the eventual treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by decreased NGF production.
Relationship between rust mites Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa), bud mites Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and short shootsyndrome in Oregon vineyards

Abstract Short Shoot Syndrome (SSS) causes severe crop losses in Oregon vineyards due to bunch necrosis during the early part of the season. Other symptoms include malformed leaves, unusually short and angled shoots, scar tissue and bronzed leaves close to harvest time. This work shows that SSS found in Oregon vineyards is closely associated with grape leaf rust mite, Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) infestations. Very few bud mites, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher), were found in the vineyards during the current year and no relationship could be found between SSS symptoms and this species. During winter, rust mites are dormant and no evidence of direct bud damage from rust mites was found inside undeveloped buds. Tissue damage from mites was first observed between bud break and the two-leaf stage in mite infested vineyards. Rust mite colonies were found under outer bud scales and bark of canes close to the buds. Crop losses as high as 23.7% were directly linked to rust mite infestations and SSS from several v...
Nonlinear Supersonic Potential Flow over Delta Wings

A numerical procedure has been developed for the computation of the steady, inviscid supersonic flow over aircraft configurations. The technique accounts for major nonlinear effects (shock waves, blunt leading edges) at low to moderate supersonic speeds. A fully implicit marching technique for the full potential equation is utilized in a stereographically projected, conformally mapped, spherical coordinate frame. Cross-flow planes are efficiently solved by type-dependen t relaxation techniques. Results are presented for several delta wing configurations and bodies of revolution, and are compared with existing experimental data, Euler's equations solutions, and results from linearized theories (panel methods). I. Introduction T HE goal of the present investigation is the development of a highly efficient and general numerical procedure for the computation of the steady, inviscid supersonic flow over aircraft configurations. In particular, this paper will concentrate on the development and verification of the method through application to isolated delta wings and bodies of revolution. Emphasis will be given to the prediction of nonlinear effects at imbedded shock waves and blunt leading edges in the low to moderate supersonic Mach number range. Existing computational techniques in this regime may be broadly characterized as panel methods and finite-difference methods. Panel methods, which have been demonstrated to be widely versatile and quite efficient, have reached a very advanced stage of development and utility for subsonic flows. Efforts are continuing to improve their capabilities at supersonic speeds (i.e., Ehlers et al. *). These methods address the solution to the first-order linear small-disturbance equation with various approximations for the boundary conditions. Finite-difference techniques for wing planforms in the supersonic regime concentrate on solutions to Euler's equations with differing treatments of shock waves, shock capturing2 or shock fitting,3'5 and a variety of methods for grid generation (i.e., Moretti5) and geometry input. The major drawbacks of these methods are associated with their large computational times which are due primarily to the fine grids necessary to resolve thin wings and the accompanying strict stability requirements. Other problem areas for the Euler solutions in the Mach number range considered here are due to subsonic Mach numbers in the axial marching direction, initial conditions at the apex of the wing or body, and vortical singularities of the leeward surface. In a recent paper by Mason and daForno6 the opportunities for performance gains through nonlinear aerodynamic effects are discussed including the impact on nonlinear computational analysis and design. A convincing case is made for the necessity of the inclusion of nonlinear effects particularly for wing leading edges and imbedded shock waves for the aerodynamic design and analysis of wings.
Phase space densities in the Uranian plasma sheet

Abstract Based on its ionic composition, the magnetosphere of Uranus appears to contain little plasma of solar wind origin. If the plasma source is the atmosphere of the planet, both adiabatic convection with uniform losses and radial diffusion would imply negative radial gradients of the distribution function at fixed first and second adiabatic invariants. Our analysis of LECP data in the outer magnetosphere (beyond 25 R U ) reveals different gradients. Evidence is presented that ions may have been non-adiabatically heated during the fourth plasma sheet immersion although this is not unambigously distinguishable from a source at large down tail distance.
Microstructure of Semicrystalline Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(4-vinylphenol) Blends Evaluated from SAXS Absolute Intensity Measurement

The semicrystalline morphology of melt-miscible poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVPh) blends was probed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with the measurement of absolute intensity. Blending with PVPh enhanced the SAXS intensity associated with the lamellar stacks. This was attributed to the presence of PVPh in the interlamellar regions that enhanced the electron density contrast (Δη) between the crystalline and amorphous layers. The interlamellar morphology was quantitatively characterized by the magnitude of Δη deduced from Strobl−Schneider's one-dimensional correlation function assuming the corresponding two-phase model. Good agreement between the measured Δη and the values calculated by assuming a complete interlamellar incorporation indicated that nearly all PVPh was expelled into the interlamellar regions upon the crystallization of PLLA.
Influence of statistical fiber strength distribution on matrix cracking in fiber composites

Abstract Matrix cracking is analyzed for brittle matrix composites containing fibers with statistically distributed strengths. The analysis, based on results of a recent study of fiber fracture and pullout, defines the influence of the shape parameter of the strength distribution on the matrix cracking stress and on the condition for transition between catastrophic and noncatastrophic failure mechanisms. Analytical solutions are obtained for steady state cracks and numerical solutions for nonsteady state. The results are compared with previous analyses for single-valued fiber strengths: the steady-state matrix cracking stress is not strongly influenced by the shape parameter, but the transition condition is more sensitive.
Mitochondrially Targeted Gene Transfer of Glutathione Reductase Protects H441 cells from t-BuOOH Induced Oxidant Stresses • 1713

Mitochondrially Targeted Gene Transfer of Glutathione Reductase Protects H441 cells from t-BuOOH Induced Oxidant Stresses • 1713
Testing the resource concentration hypothesis with tarnished plant bug on strawberry: density of hosts and patch size influence the interaction between abundance of nymphs and incidence of damage

. 1. Attributes of patches with strawberry plants were manipulated experimentally to assess the impact of patch size and host density on the abundance of tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) and incidence of fruit damage. 2. The density of nymphs per inflorescence increased with patch size and host density for some but not all generations of plant bug, providing partial support for the resource concentration hypothesis, while emphasising the importance of replicating experiments across several generations of herbivore. 3. Increasing density of nymphs with increasing patch size and host density did not translate into a high incidence of damage, which may be due to the relatively low feeding impact of nymphs in patches with numerous fruits and to the relatively high perimeter-to-area ratio in small patches resulting in a relatively high proportion of damaged fruits. 4. The decreasing proportion of damaged fruits with increasing density of fruits per patch suggests that nymphs exhibit a saturating functional response to density of strawberry fruits. Functional responses of herbivores may be a critical yet overlooked component that influences interactions between insects and their host plant. In particular, concentrated plant resources may result in increased numbers of herbivores yet sill have a negligible influence on plant damage and/or fitness.
Drive and Reflex Strength: II

Resume L'IMPULSION ET LA FORCE DU REFLEXE: II Aux vitesses normales de manger etudiees en certaines experiences deja rapportees une vitesse donnee est determinee par la phase refractaire du reflexe qui initie le comportement. Il est important de savoir si le changement de vitesse implique dans la loi N = K tn depend de la nature de ce reflexe initial. Le procede experimental anterieur est donc modifie, de sorte que le rat obtient des morceau uniformes de nourriture dans son operation d'une boǐte a problemes qui se repetent. La reponse initiale au levier de la boǐte a problemes est ainsi ajoutee au comportement. On mesure de la maniere ordinaire la vitesse a laquelle le levier est manipule pendant une periode de manger. On reproduit pour la comparaison les courbes typiques obtenues dans les deux procedes. Les deux sont pourvus de courbes theoriques, qui sont pour la měme equation et la měme valeur de n. Les courbes sont ainsi essentiellement identiques. Conclusion. Pour les deux reflexes ici compares, et p...
Loss Analysis for Wood Frame Buildings during Hurricanes. II: Loss Estimation

AbstractThis is the second paper in a set of companion papers. The first paper focused on modeling the hurricane hazard and the methodology to compute the volume of rainwater entering a roof system during a hurricane. This second paper explains a methodology to probabilistically compute losses beginning with the type and location of damage and volume and location of rainwater intrusion into the roof system. The ability to identify each contribution to damage and monetary loss is a necessary condition for development of performance-based wind engineering, thus providing the impetus for this second paper. The methodology summarized in this paper is capable of tracking damage and the individual damageable component contributions to the total loss probability. An illustrative example that compares losses for the same light-frame wood residential structure introduced in the first paper is presented. In addition, both damage and loss probability distributions are presented for each room in the structure, as wel...
Women and physical activity in an urban park: Enrichment and support through an ethic of care

Abstract Women's presence in public space is frequently understood within a “separate spheres” framework, but this framework does not fully account for women's presence in public spaces and their experiences there. An ethic of care (In a different voice (1982) Harvard university press; J. Env. Psych. 20 (2000) 103) has been proposed as an alternative framework for understanding both constraints and possibilities for women in public space. An ethic of care also helps to understand women's experiences of leisure, particularly physical activity. I explore themes of relationships and caring in interviews with women who did physical activities in Prospect Park in Brooklyn. Women found enrichment and support for both relationships and activities among family, friends, acquaintances, and strangers in the park, which provided feelings of safety and enjoyment. The presence of others and chance meetings in the park also provided emotional social support and more long-term affiliations to support athletic interests such as team sports. This study informs research regarding the influence of the environment on physical activity and supports the assertion that an ethic of care provides a more comprehensive framework for theories of public space. However, other aspects of the environment should also be considered in further discussion of a theoretical framework for women and public space.
Food insecurity, food assistance and health status in the U.S. community health center population.

Objectives . This study explored the relationship between food insecurity, food assistance, and self-reported health status among community health center (CHC) clients. Methods . Using data from the 2009 Community Health Center Patient Survey ( n = 4,562), representing Federally Qualified Health Center clients, we conducted logistic regression analyses to identify the association between food insecurity and fair/poor health status, controlling for food assistance and sociodemographic factors. Results . Approximately 1/3 of the sample (31.9%) reported fair/poor health status, 10.9% reported food insecurity, and 52.6% reported public food assistance. Multivariate analyses revealed that, among women, those with food insecurity had significantly higher odds of reporting fair/poor health status (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.20–3.82). Conclusions . Expansion of financial access to health care via the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act coupled with recent funding cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program means that CHCs play an increasingly important role in addressing food insecurity.
Shadow prices and subsides in Botswana

Abstract The Government of Botswana recently has initiated a Financial Assistance Plan (FAP) to encourage goods production by second-best incentives designed to offset distortions in various prices given constraints which preclude first-best solutions. This innovative plan was adopted after careful consideration of other efforts to remedy distortions in other developing economies, and hopes to improve upon those efforts and thereby perhaps be a model for other countries. This paper analyzes FAP within the framework of the incentives created for a profit-maximizing firm. The results suggest that it is very difficult to devise indirect second-best policies if there is considerable substitution in production possible.
Multiplying matrices faster than coppersmith-winograd

We develop an automated approach for designing matrix multiplication algorithms based on constructions similar to the Coppersmith-Winograd construction. Using this approach we obtain a new improved bound on the matrix multiplication exponent ω
Local asymptotic normality for multivariate linear processes

Abstract Local asymptotic normality is established for the likelihood ratios of multivariate linear processes generated by independent and identically distributed random vectors. The average Fisher informations for both infinite order AR and infinite order MA processes are derived and are presented in frequency domain. The frequency domain formulae for average Fisher information matrices of finite dimensional parameter models including finite order multivariate ARMA models are also presented.
Burnout Phenomenon in Antisocial Personality Disorder: Myth or Reality?

The purpose of this study was to assess the available data on the burnout phenomenon of the antisocial personality disorder, and to develop empirical data on this topic. This disorder continues to be both a mystery and a challenge to mental health professionals. The study was performed using retrospective data that was available in the Louisiana Correctional system. A total of 171 male subjects were used, of whom seventy-eight subjects (46%) met the criteria for assignment to the antisocial category. The remaining ninety-three (54%) of the subjects were assigned to the non-antisocial category. Three analysis of variance tests were performed to test for significance between the two categories, and between the category's sub-groups independently. A significant difference was found between the two categories at the .05 level of significance. Additionally, a significant difference was found between the subgroups of the antisocial category at the .01 level of significance. No statistical significance was found...
Comparison of augmentation index derived from multiple devices

One of the most commonly evaluated features of the arterial pressure waveforms is augmentation index (AI). Multiple devices have been developed and marketed that measure AI at peripheral arteries. Currently, it is not known if and how these measures of AI are related. Aortic and radial AI (using SphygmoCor), rad ial AI (Omron), and fi nger AI (Itamar) were measured in 40 apparently healthy subjects. All the AI values were correlated with each other with Pearson r-values ranging from 0.78 to 0.94. The coefficients of variation ranged from 3.4 to 20.0%. We concluded that even though the absolute values derived by each technique were different, there were high and significant correlations between AI values.
Les rêves américain et canadien des Jobin. Une famille bourgeoise de Québec aux États-Unis, 1890-1990

Basee sur la Collection Jobin, un fonds familial franco-americain conserve a l’Institut francais d’Assumption College, cette note de recherche suit le parcours migratoire d’une famille bourgeoise de Quebec arrivee a Boston en 1890, mettant l’accent sur la question de son integration (ou non-integration) a la societe americaine sur quatre generations. L’experience de cette famille, qui n’a rien a voir avec le stereotype de l’habitant famelique contraint de chercher un travail dans les moulins, montre l’attrait du reve americain pour les couches plus elevees de la societe quebecoise des XIXe et XXe siecles. Elle montre aussi que le processus d’assimilation est tres complexe, au moins dans le domaine culturel. En ce qui concerne l’integration economique, elle est parfaitement reussie. Grâce au travail et a l’entraide de tous les membres, la famille maintient – non sans difficulte – son rang bourgeois malgre la mort du patriarche a 49 ans en 1893. La question de l’integration culturelle et linguistique est beaucoup plus delicate. Les neuf enfants de la deuxieme generation ne partagent ni la meme attitude envers l’assimilation ni le meme sens d’identite ou d’appartenance ethnique. Le clivage ne se fait pas non plus selon l’âge a l’immigration, malgre la prediction du pere que ses enfants les plus jeunes deviendraient vite de petits Americains. A la troisieme et meme a la quatrieme generation, la situation reste tres compliquee. Ce n’est qu’a la fin du XXe siecle que la famille se scinde clairement en deux branches, l’une americaine et l’autre quebecoise.
A Direct Comparison of the Predictive Capabilities of Two Cloze-Derived Readability Formulas

Summary.-Two Cloze-derived readability equations were cross-validated on three Cloze reading comprehension tests to determine if they differed significantly in their predictive capabilities. The equations were Coleman's Formula 4 and Bormuth's Machine Computation Formula; the tests were the 1969 Bormuth Cloze Reading Comprehension Test and the 1967 Miller-Coleman Readability Scale (600 response and 2400 response conditions). Results indicated that: each formula's scores correlated significantly with reader scores on each test (p .05); the Bormuth formula generated a significantly higher validity cozfficient on the Bormuth test than the Coleman formula did (p < ,001). In 1965, Psychologicab Reports became the first scholarly journal to introduce Cloze-based readability formulas to members of the research world. The study, by Szalay (1965) described the cross-validation of four formulas derived by Coleman (1965) from Cloze scores on 36 passages. Until the creation of the formulas by Coleman, most multiple-regression readability formulas had been derived from multiple-choice tests. The Coleman formulas were the first publicly available formulas to be derived from readers' responses to Cloze deletions in a passage instead of to multiple-choice qlcestions about that passage. Since the development of the Coleman formulas, another set of Clozebased readability formulas has come on the scene. Developed and cross-validated by Bormuth ( 1969), the newer formulas represent what could be a major step forward in the evolution of Cloze-based formulas. Although the predictive powers of the Coleman and Bormurh formulas have been adequately demonstrated in isolation, no direct comparative test of their predictive capabilities has ever been made. Ic was the purpose of this study to make such a comparison. Accordingly, the most powerful of the Coleman formulas (Formula 4) and the most powerful and practical of the Bormuth formulas (the Passage Level Machine Computation Formula) were compared to determine if they differed in their ability to predict the scores of three Cloze tests.
J Dependence of the Angular Distributions from ( p , d ) Reactions at 28 MeV

maxima on the J of the final state following pickup of an 1 = 3 neutron from a spin-zero target was found in an investigation of the (p,d) reactions at 28 Mev. Elements ranging from Ti through Ni were studied. The deuteron spectra from /sup 56/Fe, /sup 58/Fe, /sup 58/Ni, /sup 60/Ni, and /sup 62/Ni targ ets are shown along with cross sections and spin assignments. Angular distributions for 1 = 3 pickup to 5/2/sup -/ and 7/2/sup -/ states are given. Experimental results are compared with distorted-wave calculations. (L.B.S.)
Effects of in vitro asbestos exposure on natural killer and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were exposed in vitro to asbestos fibers. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity and natural killer (NK) activity were examined by a chromium-51 release assay. There was a statistically significant enhancement of ADCC and NK activity by chrysotile and crocidolite fibers when cultured together with PBL for a period of 42 hr in medium containing a concentration of at least 2.5% fetal calf serum. Isolation of large granular lymphocytes to measure NK activity, however, showed the opposite effect when exposed to asbestos fibers. Their results indicated that asbestos fibers can directly affect lymphoid cytotoxic responses in vitro and may provide clues to immunopathogenic mechanisms for the occurrence of neoplasms in vivo.
A comparison of different dimensionality reduction and feature selection methods for single trial ERP detection

Dimensionality reduction and feature selection is an important aspect of electroencephalography based event related potential detection systems such as brain computer interfaces. In our study, a predefined sequence of letters was presented to subjects in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) paradigm. EEG data were collected and analyzed offline. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier was designed as the ERP (Event Related Potential) detector for its simplicity. Different dimensionality reduction and feature selection methods were applied and compared in a greedy wrapper framework. Experimental results showed that PCA with the first 10 principal components for each channel performed best and could be used in both online and offline systems.
The Impact of Monetary Inducement on Uninformed Response Error

Response quality (accuracy) is replacing response quantity (response rate and nonresponse error) as the major issue in survey research methodology. Using a survey of 500 members of the general public from four cities, the authors examine an important aspect of response quality: uniformed response error. By asking respondents to evaluate the past performance of a fictitious public agency, the authors examine the effect that using a monetary inducement to increase the response rate to a mail survey has on uniformed response error. In addition, the ability of a “Don’t know” option to reduce uninformed response error is analyzed. The important impact that uniformed responses can have on response quality is documented.
Coronavirus infection induces H-2 antigen expression on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

Infection of the central nervous system by mouse hepatitis virus strain A59, a murine neurotropic coronavirus, induces class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on mouse oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, cells that do not normally express these antigens on their surfaces. This induction, which occurs through soluble factors elaborated by infected glial cells, potentially allows immunocytes to interact with the glial cells and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of virus-induced, immune-mediated demyelination in the central nervous system.
Nonprofit Religious Organization Web Sites: Underutilized Avenue of Communicating with Group Members

The number of nonprofit religious organizations continues to grow in the United States, and most of them now operate an organizational Web site. However, the organizations surveyed for this research were found to be underutilizing their Web sites. Most of the organizations surveyed gave the Web sites less attention than other types of media contact with members, did not view their Web sites as recruiting tools, did not know how many members were using the sites, and few of them employed Internet professionals to oversee and maintain the sites.