cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Damage Resistance of High Modulus Aramid Fiber Composites in Aircraft Applications

Abstract : Analyses of impact resistance are made for composites reinforced with fibers of high modulus aramid, glass, graphite, and graphite/high modulus aramid hybrids which indicate that the aramid fiber offers advantages over the other materials in thin laminate specimens when measured by Charpy, Izod, and ball drop impact tests while retaining some structural integrity. Use of the high modulus aramid fiber as a hybrid with graphite resulted in higher impact energy resistance than the all-graphite fiber composite. The fracture characteristics of notched quasi-isotropic high modulus aramid, E-glass, and A-S graphite epoxy lamina and of notched fabric epoxy lamina of aramid and of glass are analyzed. Aramid showed the highest fracture resistance, followed by glass and graphite.
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Symposium: The Future of APD

The future of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) greatly depends on its ability to provide optimal clearances and volume control, preserve peritoneal transport, maintain adequate peritoneal access, and offer flexibility of prescription at a reasonable and competitive cost. Each of these aspects are discussed in the light of recent technologic advances and clinical experiences in order to project a vision of the potential future of APD.
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF OIL AND GAS MECHANICS' LIENS

I. INTRODUCTION Although one could probably find a more esoteric subject combination than mechanics' liens and oil and gas interests, even this topic has its subtle shades and intriguing nuances which make it fascinating. It is even more captivating when one realizes the often substantial amount at stake and the identity of the parties playing the game before the legislature or the courts. A few preliminary comments regarding the nature of mechanics' liens are necessary. Often denominated mechanics' and materialmen's liens,' this legal device is a child of the legislature or the state constitutional process; it is not of common law origin. 2 One justification for this statutory remedy is that when real property is improved through the efforts of a laborer or through goods furnished by a materialman, the laborer and the materialman should be paid and the realty owner should not profit at their expense.' Since mechanics' and materialmen's liens are legislative products, it is essential to read relevant state statutes to determine the details of this
Electromagnetic scattering from a homogeneous material body using time domain integral equations and bandlimited extrapolation

In recent years, the time domain integral equation based solvers for Maxwell's equations have been gaining popularity. Although for certain types of problems they possess a number of advantages over other computational methods, their widespread usage has been hampered because of the instability and inefficiency encountered in early implementations. One new scheme that seems to overcome these instability problems is time marching using bandlimited extrapolation, which uses bandlimited basis functions for temporal representation, and bandlimited extrapolation to create a causal scheme from these noncausal basis functions. This paper presents an extension of this scheme to compute the scattering from homogeneous dielectric bodies. The results obtained from the new method show an excellent correspondence with those obtained from the standard, frequency domain method of moments.
HEAD-ONLY ROTATIONAL TESTING IN THE ELDERLY

Head-only rotational testing (HORT) is a noninvasive technique to assess the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) that can be performed in a nonlaboratory environment with inexpensive, portable equipment. Little data are available regarding the applicability of this technique to the elderly in whom limitations of cervical range of motion might reduce the usefulness of the technique. This study was designed to apply HORT to a small group of normal elderly subjects to determine whether the technique could be used successfully in this population. Also, the VOR parameters derived from HORT were compared with the results obtained from a group of healthy young control subjects. HORT was performed both with and without visual fixation of an earth-fixed target, using both active head movement and passive head movement. Results indicated that the responses of the elderly were indistinguishable from those of the young except for a slightly higher gain at 1 Hz in the young subjects. Other findings, consistent across young and elderly, were that visual fixation increased gain and decreased phase lead at lower frequencies and that VOR parameters were unaffected by volition, that is, active and passive head rotation produced similar responses. These findings suggest that HORT can be applied to the elderly without difficulty. Future studies will assess the usefulness of HORT in elderly patients with VOR disorders.
Learning to change the world: a case study of a mechanical engineering design course

The National Science Foundation in collaboration with its engineering school coalition partners has been exploring methods for improving undergraduate engineering education. This initiative began in response to a 1992 survey of engineering deans and employers that identified specific weaknesses in engineering education. In response to this survey NSF and its partners have been attempting to remediate the identified weaknesses through specific educational practices. These include providing opportunities for: creative problem formulation and solving experiences; designing in teams; developing written, spoken and graphical communication skills; and using computers as cognitive tools. We know that engineering students need such opportunities to develop the kinds of skills that anoint them to change the world, but we know little about the pedagogic issues involved in developing such skills. This paper reports on a preliminary ethnographic study of a mechanical engineering design classroom. Although not developed in response to the NSF initiative, the course as it has evolved over the years has incorporated most of the the aforementioned remediation recommendations.
Anomalous photovoltaic effect in orthorhombic sulfur

Abstract Larger than band gap photovoltages have been observed in single crystals of orthorhombic sulfur grown from CS 2 solution or the vapor phase.
Visualization for multi-static underwater LLS system using Image Based Rendering

Over the last several decades developments in Underwater Laser Line Scan (LLS) systems have resulted in significant improvements in turbid water imaging performance. In addition to allowing for high quality image acquisition through tens of attenuation lengths, the recently renewed interest in multiple platform distributed LLS configurations also has the potential for synoptic coverage of much larger regions of seabed. A related issue worth investigation is how to utilize these capabilities to improve rendering of the underwater scenes. In this regard, Light Field Rendering (LFR) - a type of Image Based Rendering (IBR) technique offers several advantages. LFR enables multi-perspective target visualization without measuring the geometrical dimension of the target. Compared to other IBR techniques, LFR can provide Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) improvements and the ability to image through obscuring objects in front of the target. On the other hand, multi-static LLS can be readily configured to acquired images to generate LFR. This paper investigates the application of LFR to images taken from a distributed bi-static LLS imager to create multi-perspective rendering of an unknown underwater scene. The issues related to effectively applying this technique to underwater LLS imagery are analyzed and image post-processing flow to addresses these issues are proposed. An experiment was conducted in FAU-HBOI optical imaging test tank, the results from which demonstrated the capability of using bi-static/multi-static LLS system to generated LFR and also verified the proposed image processing flow. The aforementioned benefits of LFR were also presented.
Selective development of CD4 + T cells in transgenic mice expressing a class II MHC-restricted antigen receptor

T lymphocytes are predisposed to recognition of foreign protein fragments bound to cell-surface molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). There is now compelling evidence that this specificity is a consequence of a selection process operating on developing T lymphocytes in the thymus. As a result of this positive selection, thymocytes that express antigen receptors with a threshold affinity for self MHC-encoded glycoproteins preferentially emigrate from the thymus and seed peripheral lymphoid organs. The specificity for both foreign antigen and MHC molecules is imparted by the alpha and beta chains of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). Two other T-cell surface proteins, CD4 and CD8, which bind non-polymorphic regions of class II and class I MHC molecules respectively, are also involved in these recognition events and play an integral role in thymic selection. In order to elucidate the developmental pathways of class II MHC-restricted T cells in relation to these essential accessory molecules, we have produced TCR-transgenic mice expressing a receptor specific for a fragment of pigeon cytochrome c and the Ek (class II MHC) molecule. The transgenic TCR is expressed on virtually all T cells in mice expressing Ek. The thymuses of these mice contain an abnormally high percentage of mature CD4+CD8- cells. In addition, the peripheral T-cell population is almost exclusively CD4+, demonstrating that the MHC specificity of the TCR determines the phenotype of T cells during selection in the thymus.
Reliability of InGaAs focal plane array imaging of wheat germination at early stages

Abstract To assist our Kansas breeding program, we have developed nondestructive methods to test new lines of wheat for resistance to premature germination. The high sensitivity of subsurface imaging, compared with visual detection, α-amylase determination, or viscosity testing, permits germination detection at early stages. This report is concerned with detection reliability via chemical imaging of intact wheat kernels at early stages of germination by using an InGaAs focal plane detector array in the 1100–1700 nm range. Ninety kernels from each of six different cultivars, including HRW and HWW wheat, were exposed to moist conditions for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Images of each 90 kernel group were examined, and images of those kernels exposed to moisture for 36 h were compared with images of kernels treated for 3 h as a control. Images of each were classified as sprouted or unsprouted. Criteria for classification included images of log 1/ R at select wavelengths or images of select factors resulting from principle component analysis (PCA) treatment of reflectance intensity data from each pixel. Sprouted kernels determined by PCA factors 1 and 4 from 90 kernels tested in a 36-h moisture exposure numbered 87, 85, 80, 74, 70, 48 for six cultivars tested. Cultivar KS-2174 was shown to be distinctly more resistant to germination than the other cultivars. When KS-2174 was compared with Betty wheat, for all exposure times, Betty had approximately 45% more germinated kernels.
Sex-specific associations between placental leptin promoter DNA methylation and infant neurobehavior.

Summary Background Leptin (LEP) is a hormone central for energy homeostasis and has been implicated in neurodevelopment. This adipokine is produced by the placenta and is epigenetically regulated by promoter DNA methylation. Recent evidence has suggested a role for LEP in behavioral development. In this study, we investigated associations between profiles of human newborn neurobehavior and placental LEP DNA methylation. Methods We determined LEP promoter methylation in 444 placental samples from healthy term infants and measured LEP gene expression in a random subset of these samples. Infant neurobehavior was assessed with the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) and we examined the relationship between LEP promoter methylation and profiles of infant neurobehavior derived from these scores generated using a hierarchical model-based clustering method. Results LEP methylation is negatively correlated with gene expression only in placentas from male infants (r = −0.6, P = 0.006). A 10% increase in LEP DNA methylation was associated with membership in a profile of infant neurobehavior marked by increased lethargy and hypotonicity (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.07–3.4), and consistently with reduced risk of membership in a profile characterized by decreased lethargy and hypotonicity (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.3–0.94) only in male infants (n = 223). No statistically significant associations were observed amongst female infants. Discussion These results suggest that increased placental LEP DNA methylation, related to reduced expression, may play a role in human newborn neurodevelopment, particularly in reactivity to various stimuli, but that these effects may be sexually dimorphic.
Equilibrium thermal vibrations of carbon nanotubes

An understanding of thermal vibrations of carbon nanotubes is key to their application as high-frequency mechanical resonators. To this end, we calculate the free thermal vibrations of cantilevered carbon nanotubes using molecular dynamics and explain the resulting power spectral density of the tip displacement with equilibrium statistical mechanics and continuum beam theory.
Assessment of iron availability using combined in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell culture

Abstract A model for the rapid assessment of iron availability was developed that combines in vitro digestion with iron uptake by Caco-2 cell monolayers. In this method, samples (beef, ascorbic acid, or citric acid) were adjusted to pH 2, labeled with 59 Fe, and subjected to pepsin digestion (pH 2, 37°C) for 1 h to simulate gastric digestion. Next, a dialysis bag (12,000–14,000 molecular weight cutoff) containing 150 mM PIPES buffer (pH 6.7) was placed in the digest and incubation continued for 30 min. Then, a pancreatin-bile mixture was added, and incubation was continued for an additional 2 h. The contents of the dialysis bag were removed and an aliquot applied to Caco-2 cell monolayers. After a 60 min incubation, iron that was non-specifically bound to the surface of the monolayer was removed by rinsing with a solution containing bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid and sodium dithionite. Cells were then counted for 59 Fe activity to measure uptake. Beef and ascorbic acid enhanced Caco-2 cell iron uptake, whereas citric acid had no effect. These results compare favorably with literature reports of human studies and suggest that a dialyzable factor(s) less than 14,000 daltons, released during beef digestion, was responsible for the iron absorption-enhancing properties of beef. We believe that this system will be useful for studying basic mechanisms of iron absorption and for in vitro estimation of iron bioavailability.
Age‐specific reproduction and survival of individually marked Wood Thrushes, Hylocichla mustelina

Several nonexclusive, sometimes contradictory, hypotheses have been employed to explain age-related changes in reproduction and survival among vertebrates. We evaluated these hypotheses with observations collected from a 31-year study of individually marked Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina). Age-specific fledgling production, survival probabil- ities, and derived life table columns are presented here. Additionally, we report ''genetic value,'' or the number of young remaining to be recruited into the breeding population by individuals of age x. Controlling for age of mate, the presence of some individuals in multiple years, and the effect of year of breeding, reproduction and survival peaked in middle-aged birds of each sex and declined later in life for the oldest individuals. We could not exclude the selection hypothesis (removal of inferior individuals) as an explanation for improved female reproduction until middle age. The age at last reproduction was a significant determinant of age-related reproductive success, indicating a disappearance of low-quality individuals. Yearling females that did not successfully reproduce had greater within-season emigration than all other age classes of each sex, regardless of the reproductive success of other classes. For males, we favored the constraint hypothesis (improved reproduction with experience) to explain greater reproductive output with increasing age until at least middle age. For each sex, the age of the mate independently influenced all measures of reproductive performance, but there was generally a linear or quadratic, rather than interactive, effect of the mate's age on reproduction. For both sexes, hypotheses of age-related reproduction were only partially supported because of effects of senescence, or a decline in reproductive output or survival probabilities with increasing age. Senescence may confound attempts to examine or apply general hypotheses of age-related reproduction that assume a monotonic relationship between age and reproduction or survival.
Rodent Models of Stroke Limitations: What Can We Learn From Recent Clinical Trials of Thrombolysis?

This pastyear has been particularly important for researchers and clinicians dedicated to acute stroke therapy. The publication of results from the first large randomized clinical trials of intravenous thrombolytic therapy1,2has finally demonstrated unequivocally that human ischemic stroke is a treatable disease. This momentous event has implications for all members of the stroke community, including patients, health care planners, and all clinical health professionals, especially neurologists and those involved in emergency patient care. These results are also of critical interest to laboratory and clinical investigators. Over the past 5 years a healthy debate has developed in the stroke research community about the relevance of animal models to human stroke. The similarities and differences between stroke in patients vs rats, and between designing human clinical trials vs rodent experiments, have been discussed in detail3-6and do not need to be repeated here. What lessons can we learn from
Biomechanical evaluation of thumb opposition transfer insertion sites

The optimal location for insertion of the transferred tendon in opposition transfer is controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine 4 commonly used insertion sites into the thumb and determine which maximizes thumb opposition. The flexor digitorum superficialis of the ring finger was used as a donor tendon and was attached in random order to the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) tendon, the APB and extensor pollicis longus, the flexor pollicis brevis (FPB) and dorsal radial extensor hood, and the ulnar extensor hood at the base of the proximal phalanx. As normal opposition was simulated, the minimum distance between the thumb and little finger and the pinch force were measured. The FPB and radial dorsal extensor hood site resulted in the statistically highest pinch force. The FPB and radial dorsal extensor hood and the APB sites had statistically smaller minimum distances between the thumb and little finger than the ulnar extensor hood site. A subjective evaluation of the 3-dimensional thumb path of motion revealed that the FPB and radial dorsal extensor hood site and the APB insertion site allowed the closest approximation of normal thumb opposition. This biomechanical study supports the use of the FPB and radial dorsal extensor hood insertion site or APB insertion site for opposition transfers.
Influence of modified atmospheric storage, lactic acid, and NaCl on survival of sublethally heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes.

The effect of package atmosphere on survival of uninjured and sublethally heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes, inoculated onto tryptose phosphate agar containing 0.85% lactic acid and 2% NaCl (TPALAS) was investigated. Inoculated TPALAS plates were packaged in air, 100% N2 (N2), 30% CO2-70% N2 (CO2-N2), and vacuum and stored at 4 and 20 degrees C for up to 31 days. Recovery of L. monocytogenes from TPALAS was influenced by the injury status (i.e., injured and uninjured) of the inoculum, storage atmosphere (air, N2, CO2-N2, and vacuum), storage temperature (4 and 20 degrees C), and recovery media [tryptose phosphate agar (TPA) and modified Oxford agar (MOX)] (P CO2-N2 > air > vacuum (P CO2-N2 > vacuum > air (P air> CO2-N2 = N2 (P air> CO2-N2 > N2 (P<0.05). Uninjured L. monocytogenes stored under N2 at 4 degrees C was recovered best, whereas sublethally heat-injured L. monocytogenes stored under N2 at 20 degrees C was recovered poorest (P < 0.05). Factors such as package atmosphere and storage temperature, involved in the production, storage, and distribution of fermented foods must be thoroughly evaluated when determining strategies for control and detection of L. monocytogenes in such products.
Relationship of the lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of skin tumors to tumor ulceration

The lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates of 400 benign, borderline, and malignant skin tumors were assessed by light microscopy to determine the relationship between the presence of tumor ulceration and the histologic character of the infiltrate. Squamous cell carcinomas had the highest overall number of infiltrating lymphoplasmacytic cells, while seborrheic keratoses had the lowest. Plasma cells in the infiltrates were related significantly to tumor ulceration (P less than .001). This suggests that the plasma cell infiltrates may be more related to tumor ulceration than to a tumor-specific response in these carcinomas. Small lymphocytes were most evident adjacent to areas of irregularity in the peripheral palisade or of squamous differentiation of the basal cell carcinomas. This suggests that the presence of small lymphocytes, not plasma cells, is a response by the immunocompetent host to areas of tumor invasion.
Stabilization of uncertain systems

Structural properties necessary to guarantee the existence of a stabilizing feedback control law for systems described by a set of linear time-invariant differential equations with bounded but unknown time-varying uncertanties are investigated. A monotone mapping theorem is used to explore the relation between an optimal regulator problem with and without uncertainty, and a set of generalized matching conditions are presented which insure that stabilizing feedback gains can be found. Finally, a numerically stable algorithm is presented for computing the generalized matching conditions.
Estimating Compliance with the 15-Second Rule for Driver-Interface Usability and Safety:

This paper describes SAE J2365 (Recommended Practice for Calculating the Time to Complete In-Vehicle Navigation and Route Guidance Tasks), a draft procedure to estimate if the requirements of SAE J2364 (Navigation Function Access) are met. Application of these practices will enhance the safety, ease of use, and customer convenience of driver interfaces. SAE J2364 specifies that drivers should not be allowed to perform navigation-system tasks in a moving vehicle that take more than 15 seconds to complete when measured staticly. Tasks are defined to start when the driver's hands begin to move from the steering wheel and end when feedback from the final-switch actuation is processed.The 11-step calculation procedure of J2365 involves determining exactly how each task (e.g., destination entry) is carried out, developing a pseudo-code description of the goals and methods used, determining the associated elemental tasks, and adding up the task times. Elemental times [reaching for a device, keying (cursor, lette...
A stable dimer in the pH-induced equilibrium unfolding of the homo-hexameric enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT).

4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) is a multimeric, bacterial enzyme comprised of 6 identical 62-amino acid subunits, which associate under native conditions to form a homo-hexameric structure sta...
Cysteine scanning mutagenesis of putative transmembrane helices IX and X in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli

Using a functional lactose permease mutant devoid of Cys residues (C-less permease), each amino-acid residue in putative transmembrane helices IX and X and the short intervening loop was systematically replaced with Cys (from Asn-290 to Lys-335). Thirty-four of 46 mutants accumulate lactose to high levels (70-100% or more of C-less), and an additional 7 mutants exhibit lower but highly significant lactose accumulation. As expected (see Kaback, H.R., 1992, Int. Rev. Cytol. 137A, 97-125), Cys substitution for Arg-302, His-322, or Glu-325 results in inactive permease molecules. Although Cys replacement for Lys-319 or Phe-334 also inactivates lactose accumulation, Lys-319 is not essential for active lactose transport (Sahin-Toth, M., Dunten, R.L., Gonzalez, A., & Kaback, H.R., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10547-10551), and replacement of Phe-334 with leucine yields permease with considerable activity. All single-Cys mutants except Gly-296 --> Cys are present in the membrane in amounts comparable to C-less permease, as judged by immunological techniques. In contrast, mutant Gly-296 --> Cys is hardly detectable when expressed at a relatively low rate from the lac promoter/operator but present in the membrane in stable form when expressed at a high rate from T7 promoter. Finally, studies with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) show that only a few mutants are inactivated significantly. Remarkably, the rate of inactivation of Val-315 --> Cys permease is enhanced at least 10-fold in the presence of beta-galactopyranosyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (TDG) or an H+ electrochemical gradient (delta mu-H+). The results demonstrate that only three residues in this region of the permease -Arg-302, His-322, and Glu-325-are essential for active lactose transport. Furthermore, the enhanced reactivity of the Val-315 --> Cys mutant toward NEM in the presence of TDG or delta mu-H+ probably reflects a conformational alteration induced by either substrate binding or delta mu-H+.
Restraint, obesity and bulimia.

Abstract Two studies examined the relations between the construct of restraint and the problems of obesity and bulimia. Female college students completed the Restraint Questionnaire and measures to assess their degree of overweight and the extent to which they experienced symptoms of bulimia. The relations of the Restraint Scale and its two subscales [Weight Fluctuation (WF) and Concern with Dieting (CD)] with degree of overweight and bulimia were examined. The results revealed that Restraint scores were significantly correlated with both degree of overweight and number of bulimic symptoms. The relation between degree of overweight and restraint reflected a shared variance due to weight fluctuation, while the relation between bulimia and restraint reflected a shared variance due to concern with dieting. The finding that high Restraint scores among the obese do not necessarily reflect a high degree of concern about dieting, may help explain the puzzling finding that despite their high Restraint scores, obese individuals show eating patterns similar to those of normal-weight unrestrained eaters. The results of these studies also suggest that restraint theory with its focus on concern with dieting may be relevant to understanding bulimia, a disorder characterized by such concern.
Sloughing of the proximal colon segment in retrosternal colonic esophagoplasty and lengthening of the distal colonic stump

A case of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is described. When the female neonate was 5 days old a right thoracotomy with division of the fistula was performed and a stamm gastrostomy was established because of a long gap between the esophageal stumps. These procedures were followed by elongation of the upper esophageal stump by bougienage. Severe respiratory complications later necessitated a left cervical esophagostomy. Retrosternal, isoperistaltic interposition of the right colon was performed for esophagogastric reconstruction when the baby was 20 months old. The proximal segment of the retrosternal colonic conduit sloughed postoperatively at the level of the sternal angle. This complication was treated by re-exploration of the anterior mediastinum through a midline sternotomy. Dissection and elongation of the distal colonic stump were done. Elongation of the colonic stump became feasible by partially excising the proximal anterior taenia coli and creating relaxing, transected incisions of the seromuscular layers of the distal anterior taenia coli. This maneuver provided additional length and permitted stretching of the colonic segment. Thus, an easy, new retrosternal esophagogastric reconstruction was feasible when the child was 30 months old.
Anisotropy-Induced Ordering in the Quantum J~1-J~2 Antiferromagnet

We study the effect of spin anisotropies on a frustrated quantum antiferromagnet using the ${J}_{1}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{J}_{2}^{XXZ}$ model on the square lattice. The $T=0$ and finite-$T$ phase diagrams of this model are obtained utilizing spin-wave theory, exact diagonalization, and quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We find that anisotropic frustration tends to stabilize $XY$- and Ising-like ordered phases, while the disordered spin-liquid phase is restricted to a small region of the phase diagram. The ordered phases are separated by first-order transitions and exhibit a nontrivial reentrance phenomenon.
A 100 MHz Two-Phase Four-Segment DC-DC Converter With Light Load Efficiency Enhancement in $0.18~\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS

This paper describes a high switching frequency CMOS DC-DC converter employing phase shedding/segmentation and resonant gate drivers to improve light load efficiency. A novel output inductor network with positively coupled inductors between segments and negatively coupled inductors between phases is adopted in two-phase four-segment interleaved topology to improve effective inductance and reduce inductor current ripple. To limit the contribution of the gate driver to the total converter loss under light and medium loads, a new combined high-side and low-side resonant type gate driver with partially shared inductor is presented. The DC-DC converter is implemented in 0.18 μm six-metal CMOS technology with 5 V power devices and occupies a total area of 2.55 mm × 3.0 mm. It converts 4 V input to 1 to 3 V output with peak 1.78 A current under 100 MHz switching frequency. The measured peak efficiency is 77.4% at 5.95 W output power and the tracking mode bandwidth can reach up to 8 MHz. With resonant gate drivers, 5% efficiency improvement can be reached at 1 V output. Furthermore, the converter is able to maintain peak efficiency as the output current varies from 0.1 A to 1.86 A.
MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY ABOVE TEMPERATURE OF 100°C WITH A DOUBLE-WICK WET BULB PSYCHROMETER

ABSTRACT A need exists for a simple device to measure the psychrometric properties of high temperature and high humidity air. To meet this need, a small laboratory double-wick psychrometer was developed and tested which showed good results to 175°C dry bulb temperature and 100°C wet bulb temperature. Based on the results of the laboratory unit, a portable prototype psychrometric system was designed and built. The overall design provided quick measurement and indication of wet bulb temperature, dry bulb temperature, humidity, and enthalpy of a high temperature air stream.
Prospective Study of Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Fatigue in Acute Infectious Mononucleosis

Objective: To examine the influence of body mass index (BMI) and weight change on fatigue severity and failure to recover in individuals with acute infectious mononucleosis.Methods: We prospectivel...
Nucleic acid and nucleoprotein content of avian erythrocyte nuclei.

Abstract Classical methods for isolation and fractionation of cell nuclei have been improvised with the intent to simplify and increase efficiency of fowl erythrocyte nuclear characterization. A comparative study on the ratios of the major macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and nucleoproteins) of avian erythrocyte nuclei has also been undertaken. Five avian species, Gallus domesticus (chicken), Alectoris graeca chukar (Indian partridge), Coturnix coturnix japonica (quail), Phasianus colchicus torquatus (Ring-necked pheasant) and Meleagris gallopava (Beltsville Small White turkey) were the subjects of this study. Nuclei percentage composition of DNA, RNA, and protein were determined spectrophotometrically. Ratios of these macromolecules were subsequently calculated. DNA to protein to RNA were approximately (0.9–1.0 to 0.2–0.3), respectively. The ratio of DNA to protein does not appear to be species specific. In contrast, DNA to RNA does exhibit species specificity.
"No responsibility and no rice": The rise and fall of agricultural collectivization in Vietnam

Communist leaders in Vietnam attempted to use agricultural collectivization to transform a poor, agrarian country into a modern, socialist nation with an industrialized economy. Collectivized agricultural production lacked sufficient economic incentives for Vietnamese farmers; they preferred to produce privately for household consumption or the free market. State initiated reforms to collectivize agriculture failed to improve the perfor mance of the agricultural sector, and eventually the Vietnamese Communist Party was forced to abandon collectivization altogether. Once farmers were freed from collective labor and could pursue private production for the free market, Vietnam's agricultural output skyrocketed.
Spin-polarized energy bands in antiferromagnetic MnO

The energy band structure of MnO has been calculated using a spin-polarized augmented-plane-wave procedure. It is a well-known fact that this compound is both an insulator and antiferromagnetic for T < 122°K. The calculated bands confirm this. The energy gap between the valence and conduction bands is about 0.2 Ry or 2.7 eV. The separation between the filled and empty d bands is about 0.6 Ry, which is approximately the same as the exchange splitting between the spin-up and spin-down d levels that resulted when a spin-polarized Hartree-Fock-Slater calculation was made on the Mn2+ ion. It is felt that this procedure will provide a promising starting point from which a fundamental understanding of the energy band structure of some of the other insulating antiferromagnets, in particular NiO, can be achieved.
The Use of Flashcards in an Introduction to Psychology Class

Four hundred fifteen undergraduate students in an Introduction to Psychology course voluntarily reported their use of flashcards on three exams as well as answered other questions dealing with flas...
A Government Prepared: Organizing for Math and Science Education Reform

The reform of K-12 math and science education will require a national, multisector, bipartisan effort sustained for at least two decades. The effort will involve all levels of government, communities, local businesses, and schools. The federal government has a pivotal role to play.
Universities as partners in U.S. research joint ventures.

This paper investigates the conditions when a research joint venture (RJV) will involve a university as a research partner. We hypothesize that larger RJVs are more likely to invite a university to join the venture as a research partner than smaller RJVs because larger ventures are less likely to expect substantial additional appropriability problems to result because of the addition of a university partner and because the larger ventures have both a lower marginal cost and a higher marginal value from university R&D contributions to the ventures’ innovative output. We test this hypothesis using data from the COoperative REsearch (CORE) database, and those data confirm the hypothesis.
New era dawns on sickle cell pain.

In a commendable study in this issue of Blood , Kohli and colleagues describe a novel approach to unraveling the complexities of the pathogenesis of sickle cell pain and its management.[1][1] Given the timing of this publication, it can be considered a celebratory centennial of the discovery of
Vitamin A deficiency and T-cell subpopulations in HIV-infected adults

Although vitamin A deficiency has been linked with higher mortality and increased mother-to-child transmission of HIV, specific immune abnormalities in HIV-infected adults with vitamin A deficiency are unknown. We measured plasma vitamin A levels and selected T-cell subpopulations in 104 adults with HIV infection. 15.4% had plasma vitamin A levels consistent with vitamin A deficiency (<1.05 μmol/L). Mean CD4 T-cell counts were 127±37 cells/μL in vitamin A-deficient adults compared with 237±26 cells/μL in adults with normal vitamin A levels (p<.04). Vitamin A deficiency was associated with lower CD3 T-cells bearing CD28 surface antigen (p<.05) and L-selectin (p<.01). There were no significant differences in the mean number of CD8, CD3CD45RO, or in the LFA high/low ratio of CD3 T-cells between HIV-infected adults with normal and deficient vitamin A levels. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with T-cell subpopulation abnormalities during HIV infection.
Discurso del poder y voluntad de verdad en los artículos políticos anticarlistas de Mariano José de Larra

This article analyzes the politicization of Mariano Jose de Larra’s journalistic discourse after the end of the absolutist regime of the Fernando VII and the establishment of constitutional liberalism in Spain in 1833. His support for the new political regime, along with his visible opposition to the Carlist insurrection, can relate Larra to the large group of writers who publicly took part in favor of liberalism during those years. However, the existence of two different groups of anti-Carlist articles will prove how, unlike many other intellectuals of that time, his writings evolved from a clear institutionalization of literary discourse to a much more rebellious stance. What was at first unconditional support to the propaganda sponsored by different liberal governments became a constant criticism towards what Larra considered a tremendous government nonsense. This evolution shows an interesting dialectic between the politicization of the intellectual and the will to truth, a concept defined in M. Foucault’s The Order of Discourse, the analysis of which outlines the intricate aspects of the writer’s personality.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and beyond: the TDP-43 diseases

Ever since the significance of pathological 43-kDa transactivating responsive sequence DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) for human disease has been recognized in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin positive inclusions (FTLD-U), a number of publications have emerged reporting on this pathology in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Given the heterogeneous and, in part, conflicting nature of the recent findings, we here review pathological TDP-43 and its relationship to human disease with a special focus on ALS and FTLD-U. To this end, we propose a classification scheme in which pathological TDP-43 is the major disease defining pathology in one group, or is present in addition to other neurodegenerative hallmark pathologies in a second category. We conclude that the TDP-43 proteinopathies represent a novel class of neurodegenerative disorders akin to α-synucleinopathies and tauopathies, with the concept of ALS and FTLD-U to be widened to a broad clinico-pathological multisystem disease, i.e., TDP-43 proteinopathy.
Effect of Mach Number on Flow Past Microramps

Micro-vortex generators (μVGs) have the ability to alter the near-wall structure of compressible turbulent boundary layers to provide increased mixing of high speed fluid such that the boundary layer remains healthy even with some disturbance imparted to the flow. Due to their small size, μVGs are embedded in the boundary layer and may provide reduced drag when compared to traditional vortex generators. In particular, micro-ramps are of significant interest as they are cost-effective, physically robust, and do not require a power source. To examine their potential, a detailed computational study of micro-ramps in a supersonic boundary layer at M=1.4, 2.2 and 3.0 was undertaken. The moderate Reynolds number of 3,800 allowed the computations to use monotone integrated Large Eddy Simulations (MILES) which generally reproduced the experimentally obtained mean velocity profiles, although some differences were found with respect to grid resolution. The MILES results indicate that micro-ramps have greater impact at lower Mach number near the device where its influence decays faster than that for the higher Mach number cases. This may be due to the reduced aspect ratio of the turbulent structure at the lower Mach number such that their coherency is easily lost yielding the streamwise vorticity and the turbulent kinetic energy to decay quickly. The normal distance between the vortex core and the wall had similar growth indicating weak correlation with the Mach number; however, the spanwise distance between the two counter-rotating cores further increases with lower Mach number.
Structural basis for recognition of H3K56-acetylated histone H3–H4 by the chaperone Rtt106

Dynamic variations in the structure of chromatin influence virtually all DNA-related processes in eukaryotes and are controlled in part by post-translational modifications of histones. One such modification, the acetylation of lysine 56 (H3K56ac) in the amino-terminal α-helix (αN) of histone H3, has been implicated in the regulation of nucleosome assembly during DNA replication and repair, and nucleosome disassembly during gene transcription. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the histone chaperone Rtt106 contributes to the deposition of newly synthesized H3K56ac-carrying H3-H4 complex on replicating DNA, but it is unclear how Rtt106 binds H3-H4 and specifically recognizes H3K56ac as there is no apparent acetylated lysine reader domain in Rtt106. Here, we show that two domains of Rtt106 are involved in a combinatorial recognition of H3-H4. An N-terminal domain homodimerizes and interacts with H3-H4 independently of acetylation while a double pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain binds the K56-containing region of H3. Affinity is markedly enhanced upon acetylation of K56, an effect that is probably due to increased conformational entropy of the αN helix of H3. Our data support a mode of interaction where the N-terminal homodimeric domain of Rtt106 intercalates between the two H3-H4 components of the (H3-H4)(2) tetramer while two double PH domains in the Rtt106 dimer interact with each of the two H3K56ac sites in (H3-H4)(2). We show that the Rtt106-(H3-H4)(2) interaction is important for gene silencing and the DNA damage response.
Congenital nephrotic syndrome: report of a patient with cystic tubular changes who recovered.

associated cutaneous hemangiomata, and the absence of a bruit or thrill on multiple prior examinations argue against a congenital origin for our patient's lesion. The only reports in the recent literature concerning fistulas in patients with hemophilia describe the surgical creation of arteriovenous fistulas in adults to permit easier transfusion therapy. A cephalic vein to radial artery anastomosis was utilized in one patient~; autologous saphenous vein grafts were used to create fistulas in two others." Since our literature search was negative, we consider our patient to be the first reported in whom an arteriovenous fistula has developed in a hemophiliac child secondary to repeated venipuncture. The development of fistulas in nonhemophiliac children secondary to repeated venipuncture is known to occur.'" We speculate that a hematoma developed around the median cubital vein, gradually organized, and caused the vein to become adherent to the underlying brachial artery. The repeated impact of arterial pulsation led to thinning of this ,common wall, and perhaps eventually to its spontaneous breakdown. Alternatively, deep passes of needles during venipuncture attempts may have punctured the posterior wall of the vein, perforated the adherent artery, and allowed its rupture into the vein. There have been no apparent ill effects of this fistula, such as high output cardiac failure, consumption of coagulation factors or platelets, bacterial endocarditis, or distal vascular compromise/~ The first mentioned of these potential complications is of particular concern in this child for he has a progressively diminishing lung volume due to worsening kyphoscoliosis. His lesion has been followed conservatively. All subsequent venipunctures have been performed on other veins in the left arm. Based on this experience we are now advising our patients on home treatment, as well as physicians caring for patients with hemophilia, to avoid repeated puncture of any vein associated with a persistent hematoma. This case illustrates the need for periodic examination of the peripheral veins of hemophiliac patients, and for emphasizing proper venipuncture techniques.
Laser Mass Spectrometry

The conjunction of laser induced molecular ionization with mass spectrometry is particularly fortuitous since it enables us to learn more about the former phenomenon by exploiting the latter technique while at the same time we may be able to improve the latter technique by exploiting some of the unique properties of the former phenomenon. One of the most significant features is the potential impact that laser ionization mass spectrometry may have in analytical chemistry. In order to better measure this, we have investigated the ionization efficiency of a variety of organic compounds. The combination of a capillary column gas chromatograph with a laser ionization mass spectrometer is found to be an ultrasensitive and selective method of chemical analysis. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons can be detected at the multifemtogram level with parts per trillion sensitivity. In some cases previously unresolvable isomers are readily distin-guished. Complementary laser photoelectron experiments have been conducted. While these were originally designed to elucidate ionization and mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms, they are now generating a vast array of new ion spectroscopic data. Our recent results in the previously unexplored area of UV laser induced surface ionization are discussed and their relevance to mass spectrometry is considered.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A theoretical evaluation of the carrying capacity of Prince William Sound, Alaska, for juvenile Pacific salmon

Abstract Present levels of feeding on zooplankton resources by wild and ocean-ranched juvenile Pacific salmon in Prince William Sound are estimated to be between 0.6 and 8.0% of the total ‘herbivore’ production, and between 2.0 and 32.2% of the annual macrozooplankton production in the region. However, when annual fry losses to early ocean mortality are taken into account, the feeding demand associated with growth rates averaging 3–4% of the body weight per day fall to 0.8–3.2% of the total herbivore production and 3.0–10.0% of the macrozooplankton production. The results of this analysis suggest that present levels of salmon feeding have a minimal impact on zooplankton stocks in Prince William Sound. However, several key questions remain to be answered regarding the use of forage resources by wild and hatchery fry populations. It is important that answers to questions of resource partitioning be sought in light of evolving enhancement plans for salmon in this region.