cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Quality of Diabetes Management Among Mexican Adults in California: Does Generational Status Matter?

BACKGROUND Although there is increasing knowledge regarding the association between generational status on diabetes risk, less is known about the effects of generational status on diabetes management among Mexicans. OBJECTIVES We test whether generational status is associated with variations in diabetes processes of care among Mexican adults to optimize disease management. RESEARCH DESIGN Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association between generational status on the quality of diabetes care processes and health care utilization adjusting for socioeconomic/demographic factors. Four generational cohorts were constructed: first generation immigrant; second generation; generation 2.5; and third generation. SUBJECTS We conducted analyses of 3072 self-identified foreign and US-born Mexican adults with diabetes who participated in the 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011/2012 California Health Interview Surveys. MEASURES Three diabetes process outcomes were measured, including receipt of at least 1 eye examination, 1 foot examination, or 1 hemoglobin A1C test (HbA1c) in the past year. One secondary prevention outcome was measured, receipt of an annual influenza vaccine. Finally, we measured whether an individual with diabetes received an annual doctor visit. RESULTS A gradient of progressively decreased odds of receiving an eye examination and HbA1c test were observed and significant for most of the higher generations. Higher generations also had significantly decreased odds of receiving an annual flu vaccine. CONCLUSIONS Data collection on generational granularity and a specific focus on mixed acculturation status can vitally inform health system improvements in diabetes care among Mexicans in the United States.
Gastrointestinal Obstruction After Bariatric Surgery

Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common complications of bariatric surgery. Because bariatric surgery significantly alters the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, the presentation of obstruction in the bariatric patient may be quite different from the general surgery patient. Since gastrointestinal obstruction has the potential to become a life-threatening complication, it is critically important for both general and bariatric surgeons to be familiar with the evaluation and management of the problem. This chapter reviews the common causes of obstruction after bariatric surgery, their evaluation, and management.
A Laboratory Experiment to Measure the Time Variation of Newton’s Gravitational Constant

The possibility that Newton’s gravitational constant, G, varies in time was suggested theoretically by Dirac on numerological grounds.1) Brans and Dicke2) have proposed a specific scalar-tensor theory which predicts a variation, with time, in G; and it is also true that most metric theories of gravity3) make such a prediction.
Skin Signs of Systemic Diseases

This chapter discusses examples of neutrophilic dermatoses and panniculitides, which represent a spectrum of non-infectious inflammatory conditions of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. They can be associated with systemic diseases, including malignancies, and autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. Histopathological examination of the lesions is integral to the diagnosis of these cutaneous or subcutaneous inflammatory conditions. Treatment includes management of the associated systemic disease, in conjunction with a range of anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory therapies.
Port is all I pretend to

If a new commodity does not obviously solve a problem or make an aspect of life manifestly easier through its use, its popularity will depend upon a complex conjunction of events and trends with which the commodity intersects as it comes upon the market. Happily for early eighteenth-century producers, shippers and vendors of port wine, such a conjunction occurred. As we have seen, port began its life as the favored child of the Whig party and was nurtured into adolescence by a treaty that kept its cost lower than that of French wine. But fiscal favoritism could not guarantee that port would remain popular. After all, the Methuen Treaty said nothing about Spanish, German, or Italian wines, nor did it stipulate which wine or wines from Portugal were to be imported into England, and Portugal produced many different types of wine. Thus, the story of port’s rise to pre-eminence on the English market is far from straightforward. Despite its favored fiscal position and reputation as a patriotic wine among Whig consumers, port’s capture of the English market was neither uninterrupted nor inevitable. But ultimately, along with its reputation as a patriotic wine, cost, availability, and strength made port not simply the most common English tavern wine, but a symbol of middle-ranking Englishmen, precisely the group for whom port was originally intended.
The Republican National Convention and the Faces of Authoritarian Populism

Conventions provide four-day political info-mercials in which candidate and party can make their case and sell their product to the electorate. It provides an annual ritual in which party regulars can come together, hear speeches from party functionaries and favorites, debate platform issues, and unify and organize for the fall election.
Software failure risk: measurement and management

The author here presents a detailed explanation of the methodolgy of software reliablity evaluation, and then demonstrates its applications to a commercial loan system, a funds transfer security system, and a payables processing system. Her well-written, practical text enables users to design original software modules, as well as to critically assess commercial software products.
DNA Replication: Eukaryotic Origins and the Origin Recognition Complex

DNA replication in eukaryotes initiates from discrete regions in a genome called origins of DNA replication. Although origins appear site-specific, their usage and organization are rather plastic. The specification of replication sites and the timing of replication are dynamic processes that are regulated by tissue-specific, epigenetic and developmental cues. In eukaryotes, DNA replication begins with the binding of the six-subunit origin recognition complex to the origins of DNA replication. ORC binds to the origin sites in an adenosine triphosphate-dependent manner and directs the assembly of the pre-replicative complex at the origins, thus licensing origins for DNA replication.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of high-pressure intermittent limb compression for the treatment of intermittent claudication.

Abstract Background High-pressure intermittent limb compression (HPILC) has been proposed as an alternative treatment of disabling intermittent claudication. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of HPILC in improving walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication. Methods A search through December 31, 2016, was performed to identify all randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of HPILC for the management of intermittent claudication. Applicable studies were assessed for quality and pooled using Cochrane systematic review guidelines. The primary outcome measured was absolute claudication distance (ACD). A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Results Eight studies eligible for inclusion were identified. These studies had a combined total of 290 subjects, 172 of whom were randomized to HPILC. All studies identified an increase in walking distance for subjects receiving compression therapy. On meta-analysis, the mean difference of ACD from baseline to follow-up among subjects receiving compression compared with controls was 125 m (95% confidence interval, 58.38-191.63 m; P Conclusions HPILC is associated with a significant increase in ACD compared with controls. Limb compression appears to be an effective, noninvasive treatment option for patients with intermittent claudication. However, there are few studies comparing limb compression with other commonly used therapies. Further studies are needed to better guide the use of HPILC in the treatment of claudication.
A Sub-Type of Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence and Implications of Loss-of-Function Polymorphisms in Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase-2

Background Variation in an individual's genetic status can impact the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; however, the majority of familial pancreatic cancers (FPC) cannot yet be attributed to a specific inherited mutation. We present data suggesting a correlation between loss-of-function single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an immune regulator gene, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-2 ( IDO2 ), and an increased risk of FPC. Study Design Germline DNA from patients who underwent resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 79) was sequenced for the IDO2 SNPs R248W and Y359Stop. Genotypes resulting in inactivation of IDO2 (Y325X homozygous, R248W homozygous) were labeled as homozygous, and the other genotypes were grouped as wild-type or heterozygous. Genotype distributions of each SNP were analyzed for Hardy-Weinberg deviation. A genotype frequency set from the 1000 Genomes Project (n = 99) was used as a genetic control for genotype distribution comparisons. Results A significant 2-fold increase in the overall prevalence of the Y359Stop homozygous genotype compared with the expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was noted (p Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest a strong association between the IDO2 inactivating Y359Stop SNP and an increased risk of FPC when compared with the control group. Future studies will evaluate the value of IDO2 genotyping as a prognostic, early detection marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and a predictive marker for novel immune checkpoint therapies.
The Value of Dialogue Groups for Teaching Race and Ethnicity

Teaching sociological perspectives on race and ethnicity is challenging due to the predominance of color-blind ideology in our supposed postracial society. Students enter the classroom hesitant to ...
Abstract 18848: Pharmacodynamic Effects of in vitro Cangrelor in Patients Treated With Oral P2y12 Receptor Inhibitors

Background: Variability in the onset of platelet inhibitory effects induced by oral P2Y 12 receptor antagonists, including prasugrel and ticagrelor, has been shown in high-risk settings, underscoring the need for intravenous P2Y 12 agents, such as cangrelor, characterized by immediate effects. To date there are no studies comparing the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects induced by cangrelor between ticagrelor and prasugrel-treated patients, which represented the aim of this investigation. Methods: In a setting of a prospective randomized study, in vitro cangrelor effects were investigated in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on maintenance aspirin (81mg/qd) and clopidogrel (75mg/qd) therapy, who then were switched to prasugrel or ticagrelor. Patients (n=110) were randomized to prasugrel (60mg LD/10mg MD qd) or ticagrelor (180mg LD/90mg MD bid) for 1 week. PD assessments, using the platelet reactivity index (PRI) by VASP, were performed before and after in vitro incubation with cangrelor (500 nM) during the acute (baseline, 30 min, 2 hrs) and chronic (1 week) phases of treatment. Results: In vitro cangrelor significantly reduced PRI values irrespective of oral P2Y 12 receptor inhibitor, with absolute changes more marked at baseline, while on clopidogrel, compared with prasugrel and ticagrelor. After switching to prasugrel or ticagrelor, in vitro cangrelor significantly reduced PRI values at all timepoints in both groups, with the exception of ticagrelor 2 hrs after LD (Fig. A and B). Overall, there were no differences in cangrelor induced antiplatelet effects between prasugrel and ticagrelor with PRI levels consistently low and similar at each time point (Fig. C). Conclusions: In CAD patients treated with oral P2Y 12 receptor inhibitors, in vitro cangrelor is associated with promptly enhanced platelet inhibition with similar effects in both prasugrel and ticagrelor treated patients during the acute and chronic phases of treatment.
Epidemiology and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in contemporary clinical practice are becoming increasingly related to sustained virological response after hepatitis C, suppressed hepatitis B virus during treatment, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We review the emerging data on the risk and determinants of HCC in these conditions and the implications of HCC surveillance. However, from a public health perspective, active hepatitis C and B continue to drive most of the global burden of HCC. In United States, the age-adjusted incidence rates of HCC in Hispanics have surpassed those of HCC in Asians. Prognosis in HCC is complex because of the competing risk imposed by underlying cirrhosis and presence of malignancy. In addition to tumor burden, liver function and performance status; additional parameters including tumor biopsy, serum markers, and subclassification of current staging systems; and taking into account patterns of tumor progression may improve patient selection for therapy. Advancements in the treatment of HCC have included identification of patients who are most likely to derive a clinically significant benefit from the available therapeutic options. Additionally, the combination strategies of locoregional therapies and/or systemic therapy are being investigated.
Toward an Ethics of Interactive Storytelling at Dark Tourism Sites in Virtual Reality

A number of VR storytelling experiences transport their users to representations of real world sites in which there has been death, pain, suffering, and tragedy. Much of the current scholarship regarding these VR experiences grapples with their technical success or failure. Less explored are the philosophical and ethical implications of transporting users to such dark sites. In an effort to fill in a knowledge gap, research from the field of dark tourism studies will be used to inform how VR stories might morally construct their representations. For over two decades, the field of dark tourism has grappled with the ethical planning, managing, and facilitating of tours at sites where atrocities, crimes, disaster, tragedy, and death have occurred. Dark tourism tour guides, interactive storytellers in their own right, have negotiated these dark narratives for centuries. This paper proposes that visits to dark tourism sites in VR should not just parallel current models of dark tourism but utilize the affordances of the medium to facilitate new opportunities for ethical compassion and understanding in the mediation of mortality. A foundational step toward an ethics for these kinds of dark VR experiences is put forward for future discussion.
Volumetric additive manufacturing via tomographic reconstruction

Additive manufacturing promises enormous geometrical freedom and the potential to combine materials for complex functions. The speed, geometry, and surface quality limitations of additive processes are linked to their reliance on material layering. We demonstrated concurrent printing of all points within a three-dimensional object by illuminating a rotating volume of photosensitive material with a dynamically evolving light pattern. We printed features as small as 0.3 millimeters in engineering acrylate polymers and printed soft structures with exceptionally smooth surfaces into a gelatin methacrylate hydrogel. Our process enables us to construct components that encase other preexisting solid objects, allowing for multimaterial fabrication. We developed models to describe speed and spatial resolution capabilities and demonstrated printing times of 30 to 120 seconds for diverse centimeter-scale objects.
Arbitration Case Law Update 2013

This chapter in the PLI Securities Arbitration 2013 Coursebook identifies decisions in the past year by the Supreme Court interpreting the FAA, as well as selected lower court decisions that could have an impact on securities arbitration practice.
Millimeter-wave forward-looking 3-D SAR imaging challenges

As part of the effort to provide navigation of aircraft through terrain and obstacles in a degraded visual environment (DVE) due to fog, smoke, rain, and other whiteout conditions, the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory (CCDC ARL) is developing a forward-looking 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The program includes an electromagnetic modeling (EM) study, and the development of a hardware prototype and signal processing algorithms. We propose a 35-GHz SAR system using a 1-D array of antennas combined with the synthetic aperture of the aircraft’s forward motion to provide 3-D SAR imagery for obstacle avoidance. In this paper, we study the baseline performance of this forward-looking Ka-band 3-D SAR imaging for the helicopter landing application, and determine the key challenges and associated signal processing research problems that need to be addressed.
Rayleigh scattering cross sections of argon, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and methane in the UV-A region using Broadband Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy.

Abstract Accurate Rayleigh scattering cross sections are important for understanding the propagation of electromagnetic radiation in planetary atmospheres and for calibrating mirror reflectivity in high finesse optical cavities. In this study, we used Broadband Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy (BBCES) to measure Rayleigh scattering cross sections for argon, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and methane between 333 and 363 nm, extending the region of available UV measurements for all four gases. Comparison of our results with refractive index based (n-based) calculations demonstrates excellent agreement for Ar and CO2, within 0.2% and 1.0% on average, respectively. For SF6, our mean Rayleigh scattering cross sections are lower by 2.2% on average relative to the n-based calculation and lie outside the 1-σ measurement uncertainty; however, the results still fall within our 2-σ uncertainty. The measured Rayleigh scattering cross sections for CH4 are in substantial disagreement (22%) with those calculated from the most recent n-based values in the literature and lie far outside our mean 1-σ uncertainty of 1.6%. Extrapolation of several older index of refraction measurements from visible wavelengths to the UV yields better agreement with our results for CH4, but the agreement is still generally outside our 1-σ measurement uncertainty. Use of the dispersion relation derived in this work provides significantly improved Rayleigh scattering cross sections for CH4 in the UV-A spectral region.
Does Reentry Court Completion Affect Recidivism Three Years after Exit? Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study

Reentry courts are a strategy to assist individuals subjected to post-release supervision in the reintegration process, but there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of these practices. The cu...
Hands-Only CPR: An Academic Partnership with the American Red Cross

Abstract This article describes the development and implementation of an innovative partnership with the local chapter of the American Red Cross to deliver Hands-Only CPR classes. Nursing students who were candidates for induction into Alpha Delta Nu became American Red Cross volunteers and underwent training to become certified as Hands-Only CPR instructors. Over 7 weeks, 16 students each taught at least one class in the community, reaching a total of 228 persons.
Imaging Findings of Ileal Inflammation at Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography: What do They Mean When Ileoscopy and Biopsy are Negative?

Background and aims Our goal was to determine the importance of ileal inflammation at computed tomography or magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn's disease patients with normal ileoscopy. Methods Patients with negative ileoscopy and biopsy within 30 days of CT or MR enterography showing ileal inflammation were included. The severity [0-3 scale] and length of inflammation within the distal 20 cm of the terminal ileum were assessed on enterography. Subsequent medical records were reviewed for ensuing surgery, ulceration at ileoscopy, histological inflammation, or new or worsening ileal inflammation or stricture on enterography. Imaging findings were classified as: Confirmed Progression [subsequent surgery or radiological worsening, new ulcers at ileoscopy or positive histology]; Radiologic Response [decreased inflammation with medical therapy]; or Unlikely/Unconfirmed Inflammation. Results Of 1471 patients undergoing enterography and ileoscopy, 112 [8%] had imaging findings of inflammation with negative ileoscopy, and 88 [6%] had negative ileoscopy and ileal biopsy. Half [50%; 44/88] with negative biopsy had moderate/severe inflammation at enterography, with 45%, 32% and 11% having proximal small bowel inflammation, stricture or fistulas, respectively. Two-thirds with negative biopsy [67%; 59/88] had Confirmed Progression, with 68%, 70% and 61% having subsequent surgical resection, radiological worsening or ulcers at subsequent ileoscopy, respectively. Mean length and severity of ileal inflammation in these patients was 10 cm and 1.6. Thirteen [15%] patients had Radiologic Response, and 16 [18%] had Unlikely/Unconfirmed Inflammation. Conclusion Crohn's disease patients with unequivocal imaging findings of ileal inflammation at enterography despite negative ileoscopy and biopsy are likely to have active inflammatory Crohn's disease. Disease detected by imaging may worsen over time or respond to medical therapy.
Techniques for Differentiating Motor and Sensory Fascicles of a Peripheral Nerve—A Review

Differentiating motor and sensory fascicles before anastomosis is essential for achieving an excellent postoperative functional outcome for peripheral mixed nerves injuries. However, identifying them is not easy. There are several techniques to address this important issue. Each identifying technique has its own pros and cons; this narrative review highlights the salient features of each of these. Many of the newer techniques need to be tested in humans before they can be recommended for regular use; till then we have to rely mainly on per operative electrical stimulation of nerve to differentiate between sensory and motor fascicles to improve postoperative functional outcome.
The Untold Story of \(\mathsf {SBP}\)

In the seminal work of [4], Babai has introduced Arthur-Merlin Protocols and in particular the complexity classes \(\mathsf {MA}\) and \(\mathsf {AM}\) as randomized extensions of the class \(\mathsf {NP}\). While it is easy to see that \(\mathsf {NP}\subseteq \mathsf {MA}\subseteq \mathsf {AM}\), it has been a long standing open question whether these classes are actually different. In [5], Bohler et al. introduced the probabilistic class of \(\mathsf {SBP}\) and showed that \(\mathsf {MA}\subseteq \mathsf {SBP}\subseteq \mathsf {AM}\). Indeed, this is the only known natural complexity class that lies between \(\mathsf {MA}\) and \(\mathsf {AM}\). In this work we study the relations between these classes further, partially answering some open questions posed in [5].
Language Ideological Multiplicity and Tension within Dual Language Bilingual Education Teachers

Dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs are critical sites for exploring language ideologies given the policy goals of student bilingualism, biliteracy, and biculturalism. Drawing on a la...
Commercial Hybrid Electric Aircraft Thermal Management Sensitivity Studies

Weight sensitivity studies were carried out on a Thermal Management System (TMS) of a parallel Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP) system of a commercial single aisle aircraft. The HEP system features a battery that feeds a Low Spool Motor (LSM) to assist the fan of a high bypass ratio geared turbofan. The first study gauged the impact of the Energy Storage, Conversion, & Distribution (ECS&D) system on the size of the Air Oil Cooler (AOC) and the Fuel Oil Cooler (FOC). The HEP system results in decreased FOC weight by 11% due to lower fuel flow at higher temperature due to the LSM and its heat load. Conversely, AOC weight increased by 32% also due to the higher heat load. A second study examines the effect of efficiency of the battery and motor drive on the TMS. Increases in efficiency of the battery from 95% to 96% and the motor drive (MD) from 96% to 98% decrease the weights of their Ram air Coolant Coolers (RCC) by 26% and 38%, respectively, as well as the heat sink air flow through them. Lastly, the altitude at which the Battery ram air Cooled Cooler (Bat RCC) was sized to reject the full heat load on a hot day (8 kft vs 20 kft) was examined. A TMS weight decrease in excess of 50 lbs. is possible for the 20 kft case provided that batteries are sufficiently pre-cooled below ambient temperature prior to take-off.
Disaster communication ecology in multiethnic communities: Understanding disaster coping and community resilience from a communication resource approach

The challenge for multiethnic communities to recover from disasters is well noted. Yet, research on which types of resources can help communities recuperate remains scarce. The current study explor...
Leveraging community engagement capacity to address COVID-19 disparities among Pacific Islander and Latinx Communities in Arkansas

Northwest Arkansas, particularly Benton and Washington counties, is one of the highest COVID-19 hot spots in the United States (US), with more than half of all reported cases in this area identifying as Latinx or Pacific Islander, even though these communities account for less than 20% of the overall population. The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) leveraged their existing relationship with 18 key community partners. Partners collaboratively developed a COVID-19 Response Strategy to ensure coordinated effort for Latinx and Pacific Islander communities with four interrelated strategies: health education, testing, contact tracing, and supported quarantine/case management.
The NCAR Airborne 94-GHz Cloud Radar: Calibration and Data Processing

The 94-GHz airborne HIAPER Cloud Radar (HCR) has now been deployed in three major field campaigns. NCAR has developed an extensive set of quality assurance and quality control procedures which are applied to all collected data. Engineering measurements performed both in the laboratory and in an antenna measurement chamber yielded calibration characteristics for the antenna, reflector, and radome. These calibration results are applied during flight, to produce the radar moments available in real-time. However, temperature changes in the instrument during flight affect the receiver gains, leading to some bias in the calibration values applied in real time. Post project, we estimate the temperature - induced gain errors and apply gain corrections to improve the quality of the final data set. In addition, the reflectivity calibration is monitored b comparing sea surface cross section measurements against theoretically-calculated model values. These comparisons confirm that HCR is calibrated to within 1 dB of the theory. A radar echo classification algorithm was developed to identify “cloud echo” and distinguish it from artifacts such as the echo from the surface, transmitter leakage, and a number of other categories. Model reanalysis data and digital terrain elevation data were interpolated to the radar time-range grid of the radar data, to provide an environmental reference. These fields were used for the sea surface calibration and also are made available as an aid for scientific research. The data for the three major field campaigns is available at https://doi.org/10.5065/D6CJ8BV7 (NCAR/EOL Remote Sensing Facility, 2020a, CSET field campaign), https://doi.org/10.5065/D68914PH (NCAR/EOL Remote Sensing Facility, 2020b, SOCRATES campaign), and https://doi.org/10.26023/V9DJ-7T9J-PE0S (NCAR/EOL Remote Sensing Facility, 2020c, OTREC campaign).
Using Random Undersampling Boosting Classifier to Estimate Mode Shift Response to Bus Local Network Expansion and Bus Rapid Transit Services

This study proposed a machine learning-based classification method to accurately predict mode choice in response to potential strategies for transit promotion in a sprawling region. The method consists of a machine learning classifier, a genetic feature selection process, and statistical analysis process. The Random Undersampling Boosting Algorithm is adopted for imbalanced datasets in sampling. The genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the combination of independent variables grounded on the principle of maximum relevance and minimum redundancy. The 2017 National Household Travel Surveys and the add-on samples data for the Houston metropolitan statistical area in Texas, USA, were utilized to build the mode choice classifier, which shows 99.22% classification accuracy for auto mode and 98.90% for transit mode. Based on a comprehensive study of commuters’ trip characteristics and socio-demographics of the study region, bus transit network expansion and bus rapid transit strategies were proposed to stimulate the predominant single occupancy vehicle mode to be shifted to public transit. Results show that the bus rapid transit, providing higher trip speeds for medium- and long-distance commuters, can significantly increase transit mode share by 8.24% and 8.95%, respectively. When the bus rapid transit is available to all the medium- and long-distance commuters, the total mode shift can increase to 15.96% in the study region. The walking distance to the nearest transit access is linearly associated with the mode shift to transit; up to 2.4% of current auto trips shifted to transit mode for those within a 5-min walking distance in the urban area.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Intimate Partner Violence, and Communication Quality in a College-Aged Sample:

Previous adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) research focused on the future effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) among adult men, as well as victimization patterns. Continuing evidence is ne...
Improvement in Breast Reconstruction Disparities following Medicaid Expansion under the Affordable Care Act.

Under the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid expansion effective 1 January 2014 aimed to increase access to health care. We sought to determine the association of Medicaid expansion with disparities in utilization of breast reconstruction. Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and White (NHW) breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy +/− reconstruction between 2010 and 2017 were selected from the National Cancer Database. Annual trends for utilization of breast reconstruction by race, income, and education were evaluated by Medicaid expansion status using difference-in-differences regression analyses. Medicaid expansion was categorized by expansion date as early (2010–2013), 2014 (1/2014), late (after 1/2014), or no expansion. Of 443,607 patients, 36.3% (n = 161,128) underwent reconstruction, 13.1% (n = 58,249) were NHB, 16.8% (n = 74,430) had median income < $40,227, and 17.1% (n = 75,718) were in the lowest education quartile. In non-expansion states, lower proportions of NHB patients underwent reconstruction than NHW patients in all years, with the smallest disparity (NHB% − NHW%) (− 6.4%) in 2017. Decreases in disparities between NHB and NHW patients were seen with the smallest difference observed in 2014 (− 2.5%) in early-expansion states, in 2017 (− 0.7%) in 1/2014 expansion states, and in 2017 (− 4.5%) in late-expansion states. Similar findings for convergence of reconstruction utilization rates for the lowest two education levels and lowest two income quartiles were found with Medicaid expansion, with no convergence seen in non-expansion states over the study period. Some improvement in breast reconstruction disparities followed Medicaid expansion. Failure to improve parity without Medicaid expansion should be a consideration with any modifications to Medicaid access.
Slow-Release Plastic Pellets (Elvax) for Localized In Situ Treatments of Mouse and Rat Mammary Tissue

The need to define the actions of paracrine and autocrine signaling factors against a background of systemic hormones led to the development of the slow-release implant technique. Elvax40P® is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. Formed into a matrix containing test materials such as hormones or growth factors, Elvax releases metered amounts and can be used to treat small zones within the mammary gland. Importantly, Elvax is generally nondenaturing to proteins and steroids and does not elicit a tissue response. To date, Elvax experiments have been used to help define the in vivo roles of a variety of growth factors and hormones. Here we describe the fabrication and surgical techniques necessary to use this material.
Some Topics in Elementary Number Theory

Most of the topics reviewed in this chapter are probably well known to most readers. The purpose of the chapter is to recall the notation and facts from elementary number theory which we will need to have at our fingertips in our later work. Most proofs are omitted, since they can be found in almost any introductory textbook on number theory. One topic that will play a central role later — estimating the number of bit operations needed to perform various number theoretic tasks by computer — is not yet a standard part of elementary number theory textbooks. So we will go into most detail about the subject of time estimates, especially in §1.
Macromolecular Synthesis in Bacillus subtilis During Development of the Competent State

Rates of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis were examined in purified competent cells of Bacillus subtilis during the development of the transformable state. To become competent, a cell must depart from the normal course of vegetative growth and pass through a precompetent phase beginning as early as 90 to 180 min before the appearance of transformability. While in the precompetent state, the cell decreases its rate of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and lowers its ratio of ribonucleic acid synthesis to protein synthesis. This altered pattern of synthesis eventually leads to a decreased buoyant density of precompetent cells. Once a cell has become both precompetent and low in density, it can be converted to a competent (transformable) cell. The early alterations in macromolecular synthesis were found in two competence regimens, one utilizing a nutritional step-down and one free of such a shift. The data imply that the precompetent state is a generalized characteristic of the B. subtilis transformation system and is not specific to the procedure used to allow competence development. Since precompetence-specific events occur very early in a competence regimen, we conclude that the induction of precompetence is unrelated to sporulation or a nutritional shift.
Investor panic, IMF actions, and emerging stock market returns and volatility: A panel investigation

In this paper, we examine the reaction of stock market returns and volatility in a diverse group of six emerging markets to a set of IMF events. In particular, we test within a panel framework whether there was an “investor panic” causing a significant drop in stock market returns on the days of negative IMF events. We find that on average negative (positive) IMF news reduce (increase) daily stock returns by about one percentage point. The most influential single event is the delay of loans from the IMF, which reduces stock returns by about one and a half percentage points. IMF news do not have a significant impact on the volatility of stock markets. Thus, it appears that IMF actions and events primarily have an effect on pay-offs but not on risk, and do not appear to support the hypothesis of IMF induced “investor panics”.
CFD propels NASP propulsion progress

The most complex aerothermodynamics encountered in the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) propulsion system are associated with the fuel-mixing and combustion-reaction flows of its combustor section; adequate CFD tools must be developed to model shock-wave systems, turbulent hydrogen/air mixing, flow separation, and combustion. Improvements to existing CFD codes have involved extension from two dimensions to three, as well as the addition of finite-rate hydrogen-air chemistry. A novel CFD code for the treatment of reacting flows throughout the NASP, designated GASP, uses the most advanced upwind-differencing technology.
The Consequence of Human Differences

This essay explores the ways in which the recognition of individual and person in the legal form of thought distinguishes it from forms of thought in evolutionary biology and mathematics that are put forward as means to a complete picture of the world. The essay observes that the legal form of thought is in fact deeply involved in our modern understanding of Nature itself.
Paucity of sites mutable to constitutivity in the araC activator gene of the L-arabinose operon of Escherichia coli.

Abstract A large number of high-level and low-level constitutive mutations in the araC gene of Escherichia coli were shown by deletion mapping to lie almost exclusively in two regions of the araC gene. Recombination data show that the high-level constitutive mutations are located within two very small regions, each probably less than ten base-pairs, while the low-level constitutive mutations are spread over two broader areas, each centered at the same two regions. All constitutive mutations isolated in either the presence or absence of d -fucose, an analog of l -arabinose which antagonizes induction by arabinose, are altered from the wild type in their response to this analog. A nonsense mutation that maps in one of the constitutive regions can be suppressed to wild type, “low-level” constitutive, or “high-level” constitutive phenotypes, depending on the amino acid inserted at the site of the mutation. This demonstrates that changing a single amino acid can cause dramatic alterations in the regulatory properties of the araC activator protein.
Characterization of lanthanum-modified γ-alumina by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and carbon dioxide absorption

The chemical interaction of dispersed lanthanum with γ-alumina was investigated by combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and carbon dioxide absorption. In order to establish the saturation concentration of lanthanum dispersed in the alumina surface layer, a series of materials was formulated at lanthanum concentrations corresponding to La/Al atomic ratios in the range from 0.05 to 2.0. The samples were prepared by impregnation of γ-alumina with aqueous lanthanum nitrate solutions, followed by calcination in air at 925 °C. Upon exposure to carbon dioxide, particles of La2O3 reacted to form bulk La2 (CO3)3, while lanthanum interacting with alumina did not. The reacted carbon dioxide was quantified by observing the carbonate in the C 1s spectra. The La/Al atomic ratio observed by XPS at low loadings from 0.05 to 0.15 was in good agreement with the bulk ratios. The carbon dioxide uptake remained constant at these loadings, while the La 3d5/2 spectral envelope appeared approximately 1.8 eV higher than that expected for La2O3. This shift to higher binding energy and the agreement of theoretical and XPS measurements is consistent with a monolayer dispersion previously reported. As the La loading increased above La/Al =0.15, the ratio measured by XPS increased first slightly, and then substantially over the bulk La/Al ratio, while the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed increased at the same time. In addition, the O 1s, Al 2p and La 3d5/2 spectral envelopes gradually shifted to lower binding energies. As the La/Al bulk ratio approached 2.0, the La 3d5/2 and O 1s spectral envelopes were shifted to what is expected for La2O3, while the Al 2p peak shifted to a binding energy observed for LaAlO3. The differences observed spectrally and quantitatively at low and high loadings imply a change in the coordination of lanthanum.
An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element method for path-dependent materials

Abstract The conservation laws, the constitutive equations, and the equation of state for path-dependent materials are formulated for an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element method. Both the geometrical and material nonlinearities are included in this setting. Computer implementations are presented and an elastic-plastic wave propagation problem is used to examine some features of the proposed method.
Effect of the dopamine D2 receptor T allele on response latency after mild traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: The authors tested the hypothesis that the dopamine D2 receptor T allele (formerly described as the A1 allele) would be associated with poorer performance on memory and attention tasks following mild traumatic brain injury. METHOD: Thirty-nine patients with mild traumatic brain injury and 27 comparison subjects were genotyped. All subjects completed memory and attention tests, including the California Verbal Learning Test recognition task and the Continuous Performance Test. RESULTS: In both groups the T allele was associated with poorer performance on the California Verbal Learning Test recognition task. There was also a significant diagnosis-by-allele interaction on measures of response latency (Continuous Performance Test): the subjects with mild traumatic brain injury and the T allele had the worst performance. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic polymorphisms modulating central dopaminergic tone can affect cognitive outcome following mild traumatic brain injury.
MDSRS imaging: a spectroscopic tour through the diffuse part of the electric double layer

Recent experiments done in our laboratory provided a preliminary indication that morphology- dependent stimulated Raman scattering could be used to spatially image molecular structure and composition changes in regions located close to the surface of axisymmetric particles. We have just completed a new series of theoretical and experimental studies which confirm our initial results. The results of these studies are described here.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Double intermittent reward scheduling and secondary reinforcer strength

A discriminated operant procedure was employed to train two groups of rats to activate a nose press in the presence of a tone for food reward, with the latter presented on a continuous or an intermittent schedule. Each group was then divided into two additional groups which were required to learn a lever press response where the only reward was the tone which was presented on a continuous or an intermittent schedule. A durable secondary reinforcer was established which was a function of the intermittent presentation of primary reinforcement during training.
Scheduled Mesh Access Mechanism for an IEEE 802.11 Mesh Network

One of the key issues for an IEEE 802.11-based mesh network is the effectiveness of its distributed listen-before-transmit media access control approach. In this paper we proposed one technique, called scheduled mesh access (SMA), for reducing the impact of interference on a mesh network. The SMA mechanism reserves time on the media for future transmissions, and then accesses the media at reserved times using the 802.11 channel access procedures. We study the ability of mesh network employing SMA to avoid non-mesh interference and schedule around self interference. Results indicate that SMA is more robust to interference than the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) function (defined by in the IEEE 802.1 le amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard), which does not includes a mesh-aware scheduling mechanism.
Congenital chylothorax in three siblings

Congenital chylothorax is an uncommon condition, resulting from lymphatic accumulation in the fetal thorax; affected siblings are extremely rare. We report a woman who delivered 3 children with congenital chylothorax; each case was managed differently, including the use of ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) with the third pregnancy.
Electrospun carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert nickel nanoparticles for use as high-performance energy storage materials

Carbon nanofibers decorated with various amounts of electrochemically-inert metallic nickel nanoparticles are synthesized through electrospinning and carbonization processes. The morphology and composition of Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers are controlled by preparing different nanofiber precursors. The lithium-ion battery performance evaluations indicated that the content of electrochemically-inert Ni nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers has a great influence on the final electrochemical performance. For example, at certain Ni contents, these composite nanofibers display excellent electrochemical performance, such as high reversible capacities, good capacity retention, and excellent rate performance, when directly used as binder-free anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, when the Ni content is too low or too high, the corresponding electrodes show low reversible capacities although they still have good reversibility and rate performance.
Exact Finite Dimensional Filters for Cryptodeterministic Systems

It is shown that the only cryptodeterministic estimation problems with exact finite dimensional filters are those in which the input-output model is a "subsystem" of a linear system. This generalizes a result of 0. Hijab [1], which covers the special case of time-invariant plant models. Moreover, the proof is much simpler than Hijab's, as it is an elementary calculation using Bayes rule and the generalized Fisher-Darmois-Koopman-Pitman theorem.
An Engineering Design Strategy for Reconfigurable Products That Support Poverty Alleviation

Reconfigurable products can adapt to new and changing customer needs. One potential, high-impact, area for product reconfiguration is in the design of income-generating products for poverty alleviation. Non-reconfigurable income-generating products such as manual irrigation pumps have helped millions of people sustainably escape poverty. However, millions of other impoverished people are unwilling to invest in these relatively costly products because of the high perceived and actual financial risk involved. As a result, these individuals do not benefit from such technologies. Alternatively, when income-generating products are designed to be reconfigurable, the window of affordability can be expanded to attract more individuals, while simultaneously making the product adaptable to the changing customer needs that accompany an increased income. The method provided in this paper significantly reduces the risks associated with purchasing income-generating products while simultaneously allowing the initial purchase to serve as a foundation for future increases in income. The method presented builds on principles of multiobjective optimization and Pareto optimality, by allowing the product to move from one location on the Pareto frontier to another through the addition of modules and reconfiguration. Elements of product family design are applied as each instantiation of the reconfigurable product is considered in the overall design optimization of the product. The design of a modular irrigation pump for developing nations demonstrates the methodology.© 2010 ASME