cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survival and life history characteristics among wild and hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returns: how do unfed fry differ from smolt releases?

Survival and life history characteristics were evaluated for a coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) integrated hatchery program using two stocking strategies. Fish were released as unfed fry or smolts and returned as adults, and then molecular analysis was employed to pedigree the entire population. We showed that mean adult survival of individuals released as unfed fry was less than that of individuals released as smolts (0.03% vs. 2.39%). The relative reproductive success (RRS) of the fry release strategy to wild spawning was significantly greater for one of two cohorts, whereas the smolt release strategy to wild RRS was significantly greater for both cohorts. Fish released as smolts were significantly smaller upon returning as adults than either those released as unfed fry or wild returns. Mean run timing was also significantly biased towards an earlier run time for hatchery-released fish when compared with the wild component. The incidence of jacking (males maturing at age 2) was greater among fish stoc...
Examining Family Rituals

In this column, the notion of rituals from a historical perspective is provided. The definitions and classifications of family rituals as well as empirical studies are examined.
Winter Storms over the San Juan Mountains. Part III: Seeding Potential

Abstract The potential for snowfall augmentation in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado is considered. We show that the seeding criteria and delivery method used in the Colorado River Basin Pilot Project were not suited to the storm structure and characteristics described in the preceding two papers. New criteria are suggested and compared to the available statistical results. It is suggested that opportunities for precipitation enhancement by seeding occur in the latter part of the storm sequence, are associated with the release of convective instability, and can be identified by the presence of a zone of horizontal convergence upwind of the mountain range.
When a Whole Practice Model Is the Intervention: Developing Fidelity Evaluation Components Using Program Theory-Driven Science for an Integrative Medicine Primary Care Clinic

Integrative medicine (IM) is a clinical paradigm of whole person healthcare that combines appropriate conventional and complementary medicine (CM) treatments. Studies of integrative healthcare systems and theory-driven evaluations of IM practice models need to be undertaken. Two health services research methods can strengthen the validity of IM healthcare studies, practice theory, and fidelity evaluation. The University of Arizona Integrative Health Center (UAIHC) is a membership-supported integrative primary care clinic in Phoenix, AZ. A comparative effectiveness evaluation is being conducted to assess its clinical and cost outcomes. A process evaluation of the clinic's practice theory components assesses model fidelity for four purposes: (1) as a measure of intervention integrity to determine whether the practice model was delivered as intended; (2) to describe an integrative primary care clinic model as it is being developed and refined; (3) as potential covariates in the outcomes analyses, to assist in interpretation of findings, and for external validity and replication; and (4) to provide feedback for needed corrections and improvements of clinic operations over time. This paper provides a rationale for the use of practice theory and fidelity evaluation in studies of integrative practices and describes the approach and protocol used in fidelity evaluation of the UAIHC.
Solute Distribution in the Flow in a Channel Bounded by Porous Layers: A Model of the Lung

The tracer (indicator-dilution) technique is often used to measure the volume of interstitial water in the lung tissue. The basic hypotheses required for the validity of the formula: volume = flow × (mean transit time) are reviewed. One of the conditions is that, at a steady state, the average concentration of the tracer over the entire system be equal to the concentration at the sampling site. It is shown that if a tracer (such as THO) is permeable through the membrane that separates the blood from the tissue space, which in turn is limited by an impermeable wall, then, at a steady state, the concentration of that tracer is uniform in both compartments. If a tracer is confined to the vascular space by a semipermeable membrane, then its concentration is nonuniform, but the average value meets the requirement of the tracer-volume formula.
Expenditures and receipts: Testing for causality in state and local government finances

The results of our tests indicate similarities between the expenditure-tax receipt relations of state governments to those previously reported for the Federal government in Manage and Marlow (1986); the results reported here indicate support for the hypothesis that tax receipts cause expenditures at the state level of government. For tests utilizing symmetric lag structures ranging from three to five years, state expenditures appear to follow state tax receipts. For the shortest lag length (2,2), the determination of bidirectional causality does not make us reject the hypothesis that higher spending levels result from higher revenue levels; rather, the causality appears to be in both directions for the shortest lag length.
Optical turbulence estimates over complex terrain using a high resolution wind model

Our approach in addressing complex terrain scenarios is to utilize a high resolution wind (HRW) model that will provide a high resolution microscale analysis of the surface layer horizontal wind and temperature fields. The wind model uses Gauss' Principle of Least Constraints for a variational adjustment of an initial estimated wind field in a single surface layer to conform with terrain structure, mass conservation, and buoyancy forces. From meteorological measurements taken at a single location, HRW can calculate wind vectors over a 5 x 5 km area with grid points spaced 100 meters apart. These micrometeorological data as well as canopy information can then be used as inputs to the Rachele-Tunick model to calculate optical turbulence parameters at each grid point within the microscale area. The output will be 2D optical turbulence contours from which integrated line of sight turbulence calculations can be made.
Phase averaging in one-dimensional random systems

We calculate the resistance of a random sequence of scatterers and show that, in general, the phase uncertainty does not increase with the length of the wire. We elucidate the special circumstances under which phase averaging is appropriate.
Ego-net diversity: Same- and cross-sex coworker ties

Abstract Negative binomial regression analysis is used to explore how characteristics of 1985 GSS respondents and their work environments contribute to the inclusion of female and male coworkers in their personal networks. Compared to women, men cited more same-sex and fewer cross-sex coworker ties. The results support a model of gender differences in workplace interaction that arise from differing social structural positions (e.g. occupational sex composition and prestige) as well as from individual dispositions.
Most Effective Lab Exercises

Readers are invited to share laboratory assignments for supervised laboratories, in accord with recommendations of the Task Force on the Core of Computer Science. An example of such a lab, focusing on program timing, is given in this section of the Computer Science Education journal.
Microscope-aided pedal bypass is an effective and low-risk operation to salvage the ischemic foot

background: The aim of this study was to determine the current operative risks of the pedal bypass procedure, its durability, and the factors affecting long-term outcome. methods: We prospectively observed 96 patients who consecutively underwent 100 pedal bypasses using autogenous vein grafts for chronic critical ischemia. Of the 100 limbs, 91 had ischemic ulcers or gangrene, and 9 produced rest pain only. Sixty-four patients were diabetic, 21 had renal failure, and 36 had coronary artery disease. Nonreversed saphenous vein grafts were used most frequently (68 translocated, 13 in situ), followed by composite (13) and reversed vein grafts (6). Fifty-two long grafts originated from the iliac or femoral arteries, and 48 short grafts originated from the popliteal or tibial arteries. For the 100 procedures, 102 distal anastomoses were performed—68 to the dorsalis pedis, 8 to the distal posterior tibial, 10 to the common plantar, 2 to the medial plantar, 9 to the lateral plantar, 4 to the lateral tarsal, and 1 to the first dorsal metatarsal arteries—with the aid of an operating microscope. results: No patient died during the perioperative period. Two had hemodynamically insignificant myocardial infarctions. Wound complications developed in 12 patients—infection in 7 and hematoma in 5. There were 10 early graft failures, 6 of which could be salvaged, and 96 grafts were patent at dismissal. Mean follow-up was 2.1 years (range 1 month to 6.4 years). Postoperative surveillance identified 33 failed or failing grafts, 16 of which were successfully revised. At 3 years, cumulative primary and secondary patency rates were 60% and 69%, respectively. Factors correlating with increased secondary patency were intraoperative flow rate ≥50 mL/min ( P = 0.004) and diabetes ( P conclusion: Pedal bypass is a safe, effective, and durable procedure. It should be considered even for high-risk patients with critical limb ischemia before major amputation is contemplated.
On the importance of the drag coefficient in air-sea interactions

Abstract This study serves to examine the sensitivity of several dynamic models of air-sea interactions to the specified drag coefficient. Two aspects of the analysis are presented; models that use weather data to infer the momentum flux into the sea, and models that use a remotely sensed parameter of the surface to infer, in reverse, weather data. It was found that a coupled atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer model will significantly predict different depths, stabilities, and computed stresses when one drag coefficient formulation was chosen over another. Similar differences were observed on surface wave models. Scatterometer and SMMR algorithm outputs are also shown to depend on the chosen C DN formulation.
Interaction of Radiation Therapy With Molecular Targeted Agents

The development of molecular targeted therapeutics in oncology builds on many years of scientific investigation into the cellular mechanics of malignant transformation and progression. The past two decades have brought an accelerating pace to the clinical investigation of new molecular targeted agents, particularly in the setting of metastatic disease. The integration of molecular targeted agents into phase III clinical trial design has lagged in the curative treatment setting, particularly in combination with established therapeutic modalities such as radiation. In this review, we discuss the interaction of radiation and molecular targeted therapeutics. The dynamics of cellular and tumor response to radiation offer unique opportunities for beneficial interplay with molecular targeted agents that may go unrecognized with conventional screening and monotherapy clinical testing of novel agents. By using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a primary example, we discuss recent clinical studies that illustrate the potential synergy of molecular targeted agents with radiation and highlight the clinical value of such interactions. For various molecular targeted agents, their greatest clinical impact may rest in combination with radiation, and efforts to facilitate systematic investigation of this approach appear highly warranted.
N-isopropyl-2-(isopropylamino)troponiminate complexes of lithium and calcium

The synthesis and structures of [(i-Pr)2ATI]Li2(thf)(I)(1) and [(i-Pr)2ATI]Ca(thf)2(I)2Li2(thf)2-[(i-Pr)2ATI] (2) (where [(i-Pr)2ATI]=N-isopropyl-2-(isopropylamino)troponiminate) have been described. The lithium atoms in compounds1 and2 occupy positions above and below the plane of the aminotroponiminate ligand. The calcium atom in2 adopts a pseudo-octahedral geometry with two tetrahydrofurans occupying thetrans-positions. Compound1 crystallizes as dimeric units. Crystal data with MoKα at 193 K:1, C17H27ILi2N2O,a=13.217(2)A,b=9.875(2)A,c=16.410(4)A, B=111.41(1)o,V=1993.4(6)A3, a monoclinic space groupP21/n,Z=4,R=0.029;2, C42H70CaI2Li2N4O4,a=911.390(2)A,b=30.880(4)A,c=13,465(2)A, B=93.85(1)o,V=4724(1)A3, monoclinic space groupC2/c,Z=4,R=0.027.
On-fiber assembly of membrane-integrated superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors

We directly assemble membrane-integrated superconducting-nanowire single- photon detectors (SNSPDs) on optical fiber-ferrule facets, yielding extremely compact, fiber-coupled SNSPD systems. Our initial demonstration shows 1% system detection efficien- cy, which can be further improved significantly.
The X‐Ray Appearance of the Knee Joint in Obese Overgrown Children

Summary The skeleton in obese overgrown children is said by Czerny and Keller to be abnormally well developed. However, the overall early development of obese children has not been taken into consideration. By comparison with statistically-treated normal material the author shows that the knee skeleton of obese children corresponds well with their overall early bodily development. Therefore there is no reason to emphasize the marked skeletal development of large fat children as something deserving attention. Resume Le squelette des enfants obeses et de grande taille a ete decrit par Czerny et Keller comme anormalement developpe. Cependant, le developpement avant tout precoce des enfants obeses ne doit pas etre pris en consideration. Une comparaison avec un materiel normal etudie statistiquement nous montre, d'apres l'auteur, que le squelette du genou des enfants obeses correspond bien a leur developpement corporel, avant tout precoce. C'est pourquoi il n'y a pas de raison de mettre l'accent sur le grand dhveloppement squelettique des enfants gras, comme sur un fait digne d'attention. Zusammenfassung Das Knochengerust ist bei Kindern mit Adiposo-Gigantismus, nach Angabe von Czerny und Keller abnorm stark entwickelt. Dennoch wurde die im allgemeinen fruhe Entwicklung fetter Kinder nicht in Betracht gezogen. Durch den Vergleich mit statistisch bearbeitetem, normalem Material zeigt der Verfasser, dass das Knochengerust von fetten Kindern ihrer im allgemeinen fruhen korperlichen Entwicklung wohl entspricht. Daher besteht hier kein Anlass, die starke Entwicklung des Knochengerustes bei Adiposo-Gigantismus im Kindesalter als etwas besonders Bemerkenswertes zu betonen. Sumario Czerny y Keller opinan que el esqueleto de los ninos obesos y de talla excesiva se encuentra anormalmente bien desarrollado. No se ha tenido en cuenta en estos ninos obesos, el desarrollo precoz general. El autor muestra en un estudio estadistico cemparativo de material normal, que el esqueleto de la rodilla en los ninos obesos, esta de acuerdo con su desarrollo precoz general somatico. Por eso no existe ninguna razon para considerar el buen desarrollo esqueletico de estos ninos grandes y obesos, como algo que merezca atencion especial.
Nuclear spin-polarized fuel in inertial fusion

This Letter examines the possibility of using spin-polarized DT fuel for inertial-confinement fusion. Analytic models and estimates are developed to determine whether an initial spin-polarized state would survive target irradiation and implosion. It is found that collisional depolarization cross sections are not large enough to give significant depolarization, and that the short duration of inertial-fusion implosions precludes spin resonance for magnetic fields that can be reasonably expected in the target fuel.
Interaction of hydrogen with a (100) niobium surface

Abstract Hydrogen adsorbs on the (100) face of niobium at 90 K into three states sequentially. The first state, which appears to be molecular, has a dipole moment of −0.022 Debye/molecule, an initial sticking coefficient of 0.23, and a saturation coverage of 3.2 × 10 14 molecules/cm 2 reached after an exposure of about 1 L (1 L = 10 −6 Torr sec). The first state may be a precursor for adsorption into the second state. The second state is atomic and has a dipole moment of −0.141 Debye/atom, an initial sticking coefficient of 0.056, and a saturation coverage of 9 × 10 14 atoms/cm 2 which is reached after an exposure of about 12 L. The heat of adsorption for state 2 was found to be 26.5 ± 3 kcal/mole. At an exposure of 12 L, hydrogen adsorbs into a third state and simultaneously diffuses into the bulk suggesting that the third state may be the precursor for bulk diffusion.
CESTODES OF CESTODES OF PERUVIAN FRESHWATER STINGRAYS

Adult tetraphyllidean tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) from the spiral intestines of 3 species of potamotry- gonid stingrays (Paratrygon aiereba, Potamotrygon castexi, and Potamotrygon motoro) in the Madre de Dios river in Peru were found to host numerous cysts embedded in their parenchymal tissues. Histological sections of the cysts revealed the presence of a scolex bearing 4 suckers and an unarmed apical organ consistent with larval stages of both Cyclophyllidea and Proteocephalidea. To further elucidate their identities, partial 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were characterized from 3 cysts and 4 adult Rhinebothrium spp. 'host' worms and screened against all available cestode 28S rDNA data. Initial BLAST screening and subsequent alignment ruled out the possibility that the cysts were cyclophyllidean, and the cyst and adult sequences were thus aligned together with all available lecanicephalidean, litobothriidean, proteocephalidean, and tetraphyllidean sequences. Sequences from all 3 cysts were identical, and phylogenetic analysis clearly placed them among derived members of the Proteocephalidea, although no exact match was found. Sequences from the adult host worms formed 2 identical pairs and grouped together with other tetraphyllidean species from rays. These results are compared with records of hyperparasites of South American catfish cestodes. This is the first confirmed record of a proteocephalidean cestode parasitizing a tetraphyllidean cestode.
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Facilities Without Cardiac Surgery on Site

Prior to the widespread adoption of intracoronary stent implantation, potential complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) necessitated the presence of backup cardiac surgery. However, as stent implantation has become the predominant form of PCI, the incidence of emergent cardiac surgery has declined exponentially. Despite this, current guidelines recommend against the performance of elective PCI at hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery and recommend that primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) might be considered at hospitals without backup cardiac surgery. These recommendations are based predominantly on two principles: (1) hospital volume for PCI is strongly associated with clinical outcomes, and (2) results from a large registry study, in which the authors reported a substantial increase in mortality among patients undergoing non-primary/rescue PCI at hospitals without backup cardiac surgery. Since that time, evidence from multiple studies has suggested that performance of PCI at hospitals without backup cardiac surgery is feasible, safe, and both clinically and cost effective. Among STEMI patients, in particular, performance of primary PCI at hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery reduces time to reperfusion and subsequent adverse cardiovascular events as well as likely reducing infarct size. In this review, we will examine the evidence surrounding the performance of PCI for stable and unstable coronary disease at hospitals without on-site backup cardiac surgery.
The lymphoscintigraphic evaluation of patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.

Lymphoscintigraphy performed with Tc-99m-labelled antimony sulfur colloid is useful in the selection of patients for vascular microsurgery. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is characterized by multiple hemangiomata, limb hypertrophy, and vascular and lymphatic abnormalities. Lymphoscintigraphy findings in this syndrome are demonstrated
General Representation Theory of Jordan Algebras

The theory of Jordan algebras has originated in the study of subspaces of an associative algebra that are closed relative to the composition ab=a×b+b×a where the × denotes the associative product. Such systems are called special Jordan algebras. It is well known that the composition ab satisfies the conditions $$ ab = ba,\;\left( {{a^2}b} \right)a = {a^2}\left( {ba} \right) $$ (0.1) This has led to the definition of an (abstract) Jordan algebra as a (nonassociative) algebra whose multiplication satisfies the above conditions. It is an open question as to how extensive is the subclass of special Jordan algebras in the class of Jordan algebras. However, it is known that there exist Jordan algebras which are not special.
An Outcome Approach to Assessing the Cultural Competence of MSW Students

The past twenty years have seen a vast improvement in the cultural content of graduate social work curricula. Recently, emphasis on the affective component of education has been added to the knowledge base for cross-cultural practice. This paper takes the next step by introducing a series of outcome objectives for cultural competence categorized by knowledge, skill, and value bases. An evaluation of the model is included.
Thioglycol polymers. I. Hydrochloric acid‐catalyzed autocondensation of thiodiglycol

The possibility of including autocondensation of thiodiglycol in the presence of potential dehydrating catalysts has been investigated. Of the possible catalysts examined, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids were found to be the most effective. In the presence of 0.5–3.0% of the former at temperatures in the range 50–200°, low molecular weight, waxy, water-soluble, solid polymers of the type HO[C2H4SC2H4O]nC2H4SC2H4OH were obtained in yields upto 67% in addition to some ring closure to give thioxane. The dimer (n = 1) was obtained in a pure state, and the next five members in the series (n = 2–6), in impure form. Evidence was obtained of the formation of the compounds with molecular weights up to about 1300 (n = 11).
Identification of 5 S and 5.8 S ribosomal RNA molecules and their genes in Plasmodium berghei

The ribosomes of Plasmodium berghei contain two small RNA molecules approximately 150 and 120 bases long. These correspond in size to 5.8 and 5 S RNA molecules found in the cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotic cells. Segments homologous to the 5.8 S RNA are present in each of the four ribosomal RNA gene units. Restriction fragments which span the region between the coding areas of the two major ribosomal RNA molecules hybridize to 5.8 S RNA, indicating that the gene is located between the small and large ribosomal RNA genes. The gene(s) for the 5 S RNA is not associated with any of the four ribosomal RNA gene units.
Lionello Venturi, Roberto Longhi and the Renaissance ‘primitives’

Abstract By the time those two renowned Italian art historians and critics LionelloVenturi and Roberto Longhi focused on Italy's early schools of painting (Il Gusto dei Primitivi, 1926 and Piero della Francesca, 1927), the so-called ‘primitives’ had long since come back into awareness, especially in the context of those newly transformed and newly formed public art collections of the late eighteenth, early nineteenth centuries. Thus, we are bound to ask, what was the significance the ‘primitives’ held for the two critics? What values did they find embodied in such works? What motivated their concern during the 1920s for these early phases in the development of Italian Renaissance painting? How did this orientation relate to the conditions of contemporary art and culture and to the broader realm of national politics?
Evaporative water loss in scaleless snakes.

Abstract 1. Rates of water loss were measured in two aberrant scaleless water snakes, Natrix sipedon, and in six normal animals. 2. Pulmocutaneous water loss of the scaleless animals was equal to or less than that of the controls at 20, 27, and 34°C. 3. The thermal dependence of pulmocutaneous water loss in all snakes was low (Q10 = 1·31–1·89). 4. The proportion of total water loss due to cutaneous evaporation (86·5%) in a scaleless animal at 20°C was similar to that previously reported for normal Natrix. 5. Thus, reptilian scales and their associated features (e.g. thick keratin layers, superficial dermal layer) cannot be considered adaptations for the curtailment of integumentary water loss.
Do Surgical Margin and Local Recurrence Influence Survival in Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Background Established prognostic factors influencing survival in soft tissue sarcomas include tumor stage, histopathologic grade, size, depth, and anatomic site. The presence of tumor near or at the margin of resection increases the risk of local recurrence but whether a positive surgical margin or local recurrence affect overall survival is controversial.
Is SI required

Most major journals publishing oceanography research do not require authors to use the International System of Units (Systeme International d'Unites, or SI), and many authors and editors prefer non-SI units for much oceanographic work, according to a recent AGU survey. Of the 16 journals or publishers in various fields of geophysics that responded to a December 1981 mail survey, 9 encourage authors to use SI, 5 require them to use it (with some exceptions), 1 accepts papers without SI units although, its formal policy is to require them, and 1, which now has no policy, said it expects to require SI within 5 years.
Epidemiology and characteristics of emergency departments visits by US adults with psychiatric disorder and antipsychotic mention from 2000 to 2004

ABSTRACTBackground and objective: There is limited research to acquaint clinicians and payers about antipsychotic use in psychiatric patients visiting United States (US) emergency departments (EDs). The study objective is to describe the epidemiology and compare characteristics of ED visits by adults ≥ 18 years with psychiatric diagnoses and different types of antipsychotic.Methods: Data for 2000–2004 adult ED visits were obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Sample-weighted national estimates of (1) typical, (2) atypical, or (3) typical–atypical combination antipsychotic-associated psychiatric ED visits with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were produced. Characteristics of the three psychiatric ED visit groups with antipsychotic mention, (prescribed, supplied, administered, ordered or continued) were analyzed retrospectively. Significant characteristics for atypical versus typical antipsychotic mention at visits were determined using multivariate logistic regression.Results: ...
Modes of mesoscale sea surface height and temperature variability in the East Australian Current

[1] Mesoscale variability where the East Australian Current (EAC) separates from the coast is studied using sea surface temperature and surface velocity streamfunction observed by satellite and a regional numerical model. The mean circulation simulated by the model (the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)) is compared to a high-resolution regional climatology, and the realism of the simulated mesoscale variability is tested by comparison to statistical analyses of the satellite data. Both ROMS and data show spectral peaks in the mesoscale energy band at periods between 90 and 180 days. Complex Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis identifies two significant modes of mesoscale variability in the data; an Eddy Mode, for which the variability propagates southwestward along the coast, and a Wave Mode, for which phase propagation is predominantly onshore. The regional model open boundary conditions include only annual and semiannual harmonics of variability so remote mesoscale forcing is absent. The Eddy Mode is represented well in the model indicating this aspect of the circulation results from local instabilities of the flow and that its underlying dynamical process is simulated well. While the observed and modeled Wave Modes have some similarities, their differences suggest the model is deficient in representing westward propagation of mesoscale period variability in the region. Whatever the source of this energy, the orthogonality property of the EOF analysis indicates the Wave Mode does not interact significantly with eddy processes in the EAC separation.
Curvature dependence of a model for calcium wave propagation

Abstract The propagation of a two-dimensional wave front in an excitable medium is dependent on the curvature of the front; current theories of excitable reaction-diffusion models predict that, when reaction is much faster than diffusion, the normal wave speed (N) is approximately related to the curvature of the wave front (κ), the plane wave speed (c), and the diffusion coefficient of the propagator variable (D), by the “eikonal” equation, N = c - Dκ. We show that a simple model for intracellular calcium (Ca2+) wave propagation does not obey the eikonal equation, and postulate an alternative curvature equation that is dependent on the parameter values used in the model. This new curvature relation is confirmed by numerical simulations. We raise the possibility that different models for Ca2+ wave propagation will have qualitatively different spiral wave patterns, providing a new way of distinguishing between proposed models. The theory developed here also necessitates a reconsideration of methods previously used to measure the intracellular diffusion coefficient of Ca2+.
The international federation for theory of machines and mechanisms

Abstract This is a report on the founding of a new International Federation for the Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (IFToMM), which aims to work for increased international collaboration and understanding between scientists and engineers. It will sponsor an International Congress in TMM at four-year intervals. The Statutes which were adopted are reproduced here, and an attempt is made to define the field of TMM by listing its pertinent subjects.
Is Fantasy Dangerous to the Health of Children? Credibility of Memory Research Validating Creation of False Realities

ABSTRACT This commentary reviews two studies carried out by Stephen Ccci, PhD, and colleagues which concluded that brief fantasy exercises can create false memories in preschool children. They proffered source misattribution as the causative error in the production of false memories. These studies raise important issues about the credibility of “memory-creation” research with preschool children. There is a decided social cost in perpetuating information derived from studies that were not appropriately designed to adequately test either source misattribution theory or false memory creation. The lack of customary control groups was but one of the many methodological grounds on which these studies can be faulted. Further, the necessity of reconciling their formulations with an extensive literature supporting the beneficial effects of fantasy on childhood development was never addressed.
Conjugal transfer of chromosomal DNA in Mycobacterium smegmatis

The genus Mycobacterium includes the major human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. The development of rational drug treatments for the diseases caused by these and other mycobacteria requires the establishment of basic molecular techniques to determine the genetic basis of pathogenesis and drug resistance. To date, the ability to manipulate and move DNA between mycobacterial strains has relied on the processes of transformation and transduction. Here, we describe a naturally occurring conjugation system present in Mycobacterium smegmatis, which we anticipate will further facilitate the ability to manipulate the mycobacterial genome. Our data rule out transduction and transformation as possible mechanisms of gene transfer in this system and are most consistent with conjugal transfer. We show that recombinants are not the result of cell fusion and that transfer occurs from a distinct donor to a recipient. One of the donor strains is mc(2)155, a highly transformable derivative that is considered the prototype laboratory strain for mycobacterial genetics; the demonstration that it is conjugative should increase its genetic manipulability dramatically. During conjugation, extensive regions of chromosomal DNA are transferred into the recipient and then integrated into the recipient chromosome by multiple recombination events. We propose that DNA transfer is occurring by a mechanism similar to Hfr conjugation in Escherichia coli.
How members of the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Society of Reproductive Surgeons evaluate, define, and manage hydrosalpinges

Objective To describe the management of hydrosalpinges among Society for Reproduction Endocrinology and Infertility (SREI)/Society of Reproductive Surgeons (SRS) members. Design Cross-sectional survey of SREI/SRS members. Setting Academic and private practice–based reproductive medicine physicians. Participant(s) A total of 442 SREI and/or SRS members. Intervention(s) Internet-based survey. Main Outcome Measure(s) To understand how respondents evaluate, define, and manage hydrosalpinges. Result(s) Of 1,070 SREI and SRS members surveyed, 442 responded to all items, for a 41% response rate. Respondents represented both academic and private practice settings, and differences existed in the evaluation and management of hydrosalpinges. More than one-half (57%) perform their own hysterosalpingograms (HSGs), and 54.5% involve radiologists in their interpretation of tubal disease. Most respondents thought that a clinically significant hydrosalpinx on HSG is one that is distally occluded (80.4%) or visible on ultrasound (60%). Approximately one in four respondents remove a unilateral hydrosalpinx before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)/intrauterine insemination (IUI) and clomiphene citrate (CC)/IUI (29.3% and 22.8%, respectively), and physicians in private practice were more likely to intervene (COH: risk ratio [RR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–2.51; CC: RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.33–2.95). Although laparoscopic salpingectomy was the preferred method of surgical management, nearly one-half responded that hysteroscopic tubal occlusion should have a role as a primary method of intervention. Conclusion(s) SREI/SRS members define a "clinically significant hydrosalpinx" consistently, and actual practice among members reflects American Society for Reproductive Medicine/SRS recommendations, with variation attributed to individual patient needs. Additionally, one in four members intervene before other infertility treatments when there is a unilateral hydrosalpinx present.
A Static Analysis Framework for Database Applications

Database developers today use data access APIs such as ADO.NET to execute SQL queries from their application. These applications often have security problems such as SQL injection vulnerabilities and performance problems such as poorly written SQL queries. However today's compilers have little or no understanding of data access APIs or DBMS, and hence the above problems can go undetected until much later in the application lifecycle. We present a framework that adapts traditional program analysis by leveraging understanding of data access APIs in order to identify such problems early on during application development. Our framework can analyze database application binaries that use ADO.NET data access APIs. We show how our framework can be used for a variety of analysis tasks such as SQL injection detection, workload extraction, identifying performance problems, and verifying data integrity constraints in the application.
Body condition predicts energy stores in apex predatory sharks

Animal condition typically reflects the accumulation of energy stores (e.g. fatty acids), which can influence an individual’s decision to undertake challenging life-history events, such as migration and reproduction. Accordingly, researchers often use measures of animal body size and/or weight as an index of condition. However, values of condition, such as fatty acid levels, may not always reflect the physiological state of animals accurately. While the relationships between condition indi ces and energy stores have been explored in some species (e.g. birds), they have yet to be examined in top predatory fishes, which often undertake extensive and energetically expensive migrations. We used an apex predatory shark (Galeocerdo cuvier, the tiger shark) as a model species to evaluate the relationship between triglycerides (energy metabolite) and a metric of overall body condition. We captured, blood sampled, measured and released 28 sharks (size range 125–303 cm pre-caudal length). In the laboratory, we assayed each plasma sample for triglyceride values. We detected a positive and significant relationship between condition and triglyceride values ( P < 0.02). This result may have conservation implications if the largest and highest-condition sharks are exploited in fisheries, because these individuals are likely to have the highest potential for successful reproduction. Our results suggest that researchers may use either plasma triglyceride values or an appropriate measure of body condition for assessing health in large sharks.
Intermediate scale industrially processed Nb/sub 3/Sn(Ti) by powder metallurgy

Powder metallurgy processing of Nb/sub 3/Sn(Ti) wire was scaled up to 75-mm-diameter billets, each containing 4 kg of pressed powder composite. Prealloyed Nb-1.5-wt.% Ti powder was used for optimum high-field properties. An initial hot extrusion step provided complete consolidation and excellent integrity of the powder composite. Using the extruded bars, various single and multiple tin core billets were prepared and hydrostatically extruded to 12-mm-diameter bars. Long lengths of internal tin core wire were drawn without any breakage to less than 1 mm diameter. To evaluate the performance of long-length wires, small magnets were fabricated from these wires and tested in background fields of water-cooled Bitter magnets up to 20 T. The processing, performance, and microstructure of these small magnets are discussed. This intermediate-scale process used conventional metal-forming techniques that can be scaled to larger scale industrial processing. >
Functional Analysis of Capsaicin Receptor (Vanilloid Receptor Subtype 1) Multimerization and Agonist Responsiveness Using a Dominant Negative Mutation

The recently cloned vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1) is a ligand-gated channel that is activated by capsaicin, protons, and heat. We have attempted to develop a dominant negative isoform by targeting several mutations of VR1 at highly conserved amino acids or at residues of potential functional importance and expressing the mutants in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutation of three highly conserved amino acid residues in the putative sixth transmembrane domain disrupts activation of the VR1 receptor by both capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. The vanilloid binding site in this mutant is intact, although the affinity for [(3)H]resiniferatoxin (RTX) is diminished by nearly 40-fold. Interestingly, this mutant retains a significant but diminished response to protons, supporting the existence of multiple gating mechanisms for different stimuli. The mutant appears to function by interfering with the gating induced by vanilloids rather than the expression level or permeability of the receptor. In addition, this mutant was found to function as a strong dominant negative mutation when coexpressed with wild-type VR1, providing functional evidence that the VR1 receptor forms a multimeric complex. Analysis of both current density and [(3)H]RTX affinity in cells cotransfected with different ratios of wild-type and mutant VR1 is consistent with tetrameric stoichiometry for the native capsaicin receptor.
Superconductor/nonlinear-dielectric bilayers for tunable and adaptive microwave devices

Microwave devices using coplanar waveguide (CPW) structures which incorporate bilayers of superconducting YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ and nonlinear dielectric SrTiO/sub 3/ on 1 cm/spl times/1 cm/spl times/0.5 mm LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates. The microwave devices include voltage-tunable phase shifters and delay lines, voltage-tunable mixers, and voltage-tunable and adaptive bandpass filters. Under dc voltage bias, these compact CPW devices exhibit more than 360/spl deg/ relative phase shift at 2 GHz, more than 30 dB tunability in mixed microwave power between 0.7 GHz and 5.9 GHz, and fine-tunable symmetric filter profile at around 2.5 GHz with less than 2% bandwidth and more than 15% adaptive range.
Web question answering through automatically learned patterns

While being successful in providing keyword based access to web pages, commercial search portals, such as Google, Yahoo, AltaVista, and AOL, still lack the ability to answer questions expressed in a natural language. We explore the feasibility of a completely trainable approach to the automated question answering on the Web or large scale digital libraries. By using the inherent redundancy of large scale collections, each candidate answer found by the system is triangulated (confirmed or disconfirmed) against other possible answers. Since our approach is entirely self-learning and does not involve any linguistic resources it can be easily implemented within digital libraries or Web search portals.
Wetting behavior of human hair fibers

The wetting behavior of human hair in water has been investigated using a technique based on the Wilhelmy balance principle. The experimental technique makes it possible to study the relaxation effects occurring at the solid–liquid–air interface. The results strongly suggest that interactions between the solid and the liquid make important contributions to wettability of the solid surface because of reversible reorientation of polar groups at the interface. The effects of scale structure, weathering, and mechanical damage on wettability of the fiber surface are discussed. Surface roughness of the fiber plays an important role in wetting hysteresis.
Rapid, On-line Extraction of Base Resistance of HBTs and Correlation with Minimum Noise Figure

A simple, on-line method of extracting base resistance from measured S-parameters is presented. The measured base resistance correlates very well with f max and noise parameter data.
Micromechanical study of thermoelastic behavior of composites with periodic fiber waviness

Abstract A finite element-based micromechanical modeling for fibrous materials is introduced for investigation of thermoelastic behavior of continuous fiber composites with fiber waviness. A periodic unit cell based on hexagonal fiber packing is assumed as a representative volume element. The orthotropic stiffness and thermal expansion parameters of the wavy fiber material are predicted by volume averaging stresses and strains. The thermal residual stresses generated per unit temperature change are studied in detail by volume averaging over slices (sub-volumes) of the representative volume element along the wavelength of the fiber, and also, within the fiber and the matrix individually. The sub-volume averaging scheme exposes the variation of the internal stresses and strains within the representative volume. It is shown that fiber waviness has a moderate impact on coefficients of thermal expansion, and the associated thermal (internal) stresses are generally little changed from those of a straight fiber material.
President Bush's false [flashbulb] memory of 9/11/01

Many people claim to remember how they heard about the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001—including George W. Bush, the President of the United States at the time. On at least three occasions, the President was asked how he heard the news of the attacks. His answers contained substantial inconsistencies and provide a near-perfect example of a false flashbulb memory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of prolylcarboxypeptidase enhances plasma prekallikrein activation on Chinese hamster ovary cells

Plasma prekallikrein (PK) complexes with its receptor, high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK), on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). When assembled on endothelial cells, PK is activated ...
Treponemal Disease, Tuberculosis and Subsistence‐settlement Pattern in the Late Woodland Period West‐central Illinois

In later pre-Columbian prehistory (post AD 1000), the adaptation and intensification of maize agriculture and its correlate of aggregate village settlement (i.e. Mississippianization) is temporally and geographically variable. In the Midwest, consequential to the florescence of the major ceremonial centre of Cahokia (AD 1050–1300), the Mississippi River Valley alluvial plain in Illinois, known as the American Bottom, became a core area of this subsistence-settlement change. Much archaeological research has traced aspects of this transition in the Lower and Middle Illinois River Valley, but little is known outside of these areas. A skeletal sample from the remote hinterland area of the Upper Mississippi River in west-central Illinois was examined for arguable paleopathological correlates of sedentism (treponemal disease) and Mississippianization (tuberculosis). The Schroeder Mounds (AD 900–1100) adult skeletal sample (N = 53) exhibited a high frequency of treponemal disease (13.2–15.1%). This result is consistent with paleopathological literature linking a 9+ % pre-Columbian North American prevalence with sedentism, challenging archaeologically based inferences that the hinterland was occupied by mobile forager-horticulturalists. A hallmark of Mississippianization is the presence of diagnostic cases of tuberculosis. No cases were observed in the Schroeder sample, suggesting a pre-Mississippian subsistence-settlement pattern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing in a multi-machine batch manufacturing system with sequence dependent cost

Abstract Many workcells in batch manufacturing systems are populated with multiple, nonidentical machines that perform similar tasks. Because of the size of a batch when a job arrives, it may be uneconomical to set up two or more machines to process the same job simultaneously. An economic decision has to be made as regards which machine in the cell to assign the job. Likewise, many multi-operation jobs can be processed using one of several feasible operation sequences that may lead to different total manufacturing costs. The cost differences are the result of several factors, among which are processing time and cost dependencies between operations, fixturing requirements, and material handling requirements. When the workcell machine selection decision is considered along with the operation sequencing decision, determination of the best machine in a cell and the best operation sequence for the batch is a non-trivial task. In this paper, we address the problem of selecting the best machine within a cell an...
Measurement of Ketene for Study of Its Toxic Action on Animals

(1960). Measurement of Ketene for Study of Its Toxic Action on Animals. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 211-218.
A Hardware-Scheduler for Fault Detection in RTOS-Based Embedded Systems

Nowadays, Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOSs) are often adopted in order to simplify the design of safety-critical applications. However, real-time embedded systems are sensitive to transient faults that can affect the system causing scheduling dysfunctions and consequently changing the correct system behavior. In this context, we propose a new hardware-based approach able to detect faults that change the tasks' execution time and/or the tasks' execution flow in embedded systems based on RTOS. To demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of using the proposed approach, we implemented a hardware prototype named Hardware-Scheduler (Hw-S) that provides real-time monitoring of the Plasma Microprocessor's RTOS in order to detect the above mentioned types of faults. The Hw-S has been evaluated in terms of the introduced area overhead and fault detection capability.