cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic equations for fluids of nonspherical molecules

Abstract Systems of isotropic fluids composed of nonspherical molecules are considered. We derive the hydrodynamic matrix for the number density, linear-momentum density, the energy density and the internal angular-momentum (spin) density using the Selwyn-Oppenheim theory. The transport coefficients: the shear, bulk, rotational, shear and bulk spin viscosities are expressed by averages of molecular quantities and do not have in general simple “Kubo”-tupe forms, but are shown to be well behaved at low frequencies. The hydrodynamic matrix, equations and expressions for the correlation functions of the pertinent variables are derived for various conditions on the strength of the rotation-translation interactions among the molecules. It is shown that although to O (k2) there are coupling terms in the hydrodynamic matrix between the linear and the spin angular-momentum, the transverse linear-momentum - transverse linear-momentum correlation function is always a pure lorentzian at low frequencies. Finally the hydrodynamic equation for the total angular-momentum density is derived.
Effects of testosterone on spermatogenesis and luteinizing hormone release in Japanese quail.

Abstract Testosterone or testosterone propionate was administered to Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) via intraperitoneal Silastic capsules to assess the role of these androgens on spermatogenesis and luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Testosterone was released from Silastic capsules at relatively constant rates and in direct proportion to capsule length. Increasing lengths of testosterone-filled Silastic capsules induced and maintained differential increments in plasma testosterone titers and caused a concomitant decline in plasma immunoreactive LH levels in castrated quail. In intact birds, testosterone implants ranging between 40 and 320 mm caused a graded reduction in paired testis weight, spermatogenic activity, and circulating LH titers, but plasma testosterone levels remained within the range noted in intact control birds. Marked increases in plasma testosterone concentrations were noted in intact birds receiving 600- and 1200-mm testosterone or 500-mm testosterone propionate implants. Importantly, paired testis weight and the relative number of germ cells were maintained at near normal levels when plasma testosterone titers were raised about 18-fold above normal. The results indicate that the continuous administration of small amounts of testosterone (about 1 mg/day) suppressed spermatogenesis by inhibiting LH release and that spermatogenesis was maintained during the continuous administration of large amounts of testosterone (about 12 mg/day) even though LH secretion remained suppressed. The present findings support the hypothesis that testosterone exerts a differential effect on the quail testis that depends, in part, upon the amount of androgen administered.
Temperament and early environmental influences in kleptomania.

The purpose of this investigation was to shed light on the temperament and early life experiences of people suffering from kleptomania. Twelve outpatients (five men [41.6%]; seven women [58.3%]; mean age, 39.6 ± 11.0 years) who met DSM-IV criteria for kleptomania and had no other axis I disorders by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) completed the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Patients with kleptomania had significantly higher novelty-seeking scores (P = .001), higher harm-avoidance scores (P = .005), and lower reward-dependence scores (P = .023) than normal controls. The kleptomania subjects had significantly lower maternal and paternal care scores, and lower maternal protection scores, than the normative values (P < .05). Neither TPQ nor PBI scores correlated with illness severity. These findings suggest that an understanding of early parenting behavior and a dimensional approach to the personality of kleptomaniacs may offer insight into this disorder and provide clues to treatment strategies.
K x-ray production cross sections for fourteen elements from calcium to palladium for incident carbon ions

Absolute $K$-shell x-ray production cross sections for thin Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Pd targets have been measured for incident carbon ions in the energy range from 8 to 36 MeV. Ionization cross sections are calculated from atomic $K$-shell fluorescence yields and compared to the theoretical predictions of the plane-wave Born approximation including binding energy, Coulomb deflection, and relativistic corrections. $\frac{K\ensuremath{\alpha}}{K\ensuremath{\beta}}$ ratios and the shifts in the characteristic $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $K\ensuremath{\beta}$ energies indicate the existence of multiple ionization in the low-$Z$ targets.
Electromyographic Patterns During Level and Inclined Treadmill Running and Their Relationship to Step Cycle Measures

Abstract Eight highly skilled male distance runners were filmed while running on level and inclined treadmills. During the filming sequence, EMG measurements were collected on vastus medialis (VM) and semimembranosus (SM) of the right thigh. The initiation and duration of electrical activity of the two muscles was extracted from the recordings relative to the step cycle events. Analysis of covariance for repeated measures was utilized as a statistical treatment to examine the effect of treadmill grade (– 10%, 0%, and + 10%) upon step cycle and EMG data. Results indicate that treadmill grade had a significant effect on the relative duration of both stance and swing phases of the running step cycle and total step cycle duration. Total step cycle time and relative swing phase duration decreased as the treadmill grade was changed from a negative grade to a zero grade to a positive grade while the duration of the stance phase increased. EMG measures indicated decreases in relative duration of SM activity durin...
Flexible 2-gram rectenna with 50% conversion efficiency at very low incident power densities

Summary form only given. This paper presents a 900MHz flexible folded dipole rectenna with 2.7 dB RF-to-DC conversion loss and mass of only 2 grams. It employs a Schottky diode, a capacitor, and printed coplanar circuit elements. Rectification efficiency is improved by harmonic terminations resulting in class-F waveform shaping achieving an estimated efficiency of 53% efficiency AT 8uW/cm2 incident power density. The rectenna is printed on 0.13mm PET with a commercial printing process depositing 1-μm-thick conductive traces.
Reversible sedimentation and masking of nerve growth factor (NGF) antigen by high molecular weight fractions from rat brain

Nerve growth factor (NGF) was recently found to be largely associated with sedimentable fractions of adult rat brain and treatments of the fractions by alkaline pH increased the measurable amount of their NGF antigen as well as its solubilization [M.C. Hoener, E. Hewitt, J.M. Conner, J.W. Costello and S. Varon, Nerve growth factor (NGF) content in adult rat brain tissues is several-fold higher than generally reported and is largely associated with sedimentable fractions, Brain Res., 728 (1996) 47-56; M.C. Hoener and S. Varon, Effects of sodium chloride, Triton X-100, and alkaline pH on the measurable contents and sedimentability of the nerve growth factor (NGF) antigen in adult rat hippocampal tissue extracts, J. Neurosci. Res., in press (1997); C. Zettler, D.C.McL. Bridges, X.-F. Zhou and R.A. Rush, Detection of increased tissue concentrations of nerve growth factor with improved extraction procedure, J. Neurosci. Res., 46 (1996) 581-594]. We have further investigated the reversibility of these pH effects. Reversal of the pH of an adult rat hippocampal tissue extract from 10.5 to 7.4 led to an almost complete transfer of NGF back from nonsedimentable to sedimentable fractions and to a remasking of the previously unmasked portion of NGF antigen. Thus, molecules causing masking and sedimentation of NGF at pH 7.4 were likely to be present in the alkaline extract. A gel filtration column in PBS, pH 10.5 was used to separate such putative binding molecules from the NGF. All of the NGF antigen from rat hippocampal alkaline extract was found to elute with 19 kDa fractions. The same apparent molecular weight was found for mouse submaxillary beta-NGF and recombinant human beta-NGF. Masking and sedimentation no longer occurred when newly generated 19 kDa rat brain NGF was returned to pH 7.4. When high molecular weight fractions derived from the same gel filtration (in PBS, pH 10.5) were added back to the 19 kDa NGF pool at pH 7.4 and the mixture incubated and centrifuged, the measurability of 19 kDa rat brain NGF antigen was markedly reduced and half of the antigen was recovered in sedimentable fractions. Similar but less dramatic results were obtained when mixing the same high molecular weight fractions with 19 kDa mouse or human beta-NGF. These findings provide new opportunities to identify molecules to which NGF may be bound within intact brain tissues.
The selectivity of inclusion and exclusion criteria in bulimia nervosa treatment studies

Objective To examine the rates of exclusion and inclusion in various research studies for a series of 51 treatment-seeking patients. Method: The inclusion and exclusion criteria employed in a sample of 41 studies were applied to a series of 51 treatment-seeking bulimia nervosa patients. Results: Of the sample of 51, 11, (21.6%) would have been excluded from 16 (39%) of the studies because of an age greater than 30; 13 (32%) of the studies would have excluded 8 (16%) of our patients because of weight > 110% ideal body weight. Thirteen (26%) would have been excluded from 22 (54%) of the studies because of active psychotropic drug use, despite the lack of response. Discussion: Some of the patients who may be most difficult to work with may be excluded from treatment studies. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 22:243–252, 1997.
Preons and SO(10)

Abstract Two composite models based on SO(10) are explored, the first containing a fermion and a scalar each in the 16 rep, the second containing two fermion reps 10 + 16. The second model contains a massless composite fermion in the confined picture with a Higgs picture interpretation.
Observations of winds with an incoherent lidar detector.

A Fabry-Perot interferometer and image-plane detector system to be used as a receiver for a Doppler lidar have been developed. This system incorporates the latest technology in multichannel detectors, and it is an important step toward the development of operational wind profiler systems for the atmosphere. The instrumentation includes a stable high-resolution optically contacted plane etalon and a multiring anode detector to scan the image plane of the Fabry-Perot interferometer spatially. The high wavelength resolution provided by the interferometer permits the aerosol and molecular components of the backscattered signal to be distinguished, and the Doppler shift of either component can then be used to determine the wind altitude profile. The receiver performance has been tested by measuring the wind profile in the boundary layer. The Fabry-Perot interferometer and image-plane detector characteristics are described and sample measurements are presented. The potential of the system as a wind profiler in the troposphere, the stratosphere, and the mesosphere is also considered.
The γ3 chain of laminin is widely but differentially expressed in murine basement membranes: expression and functional studies.

Laminins are heterotrimeric extracellular glycoproteins found in, but not confined to, basement membranes (BMs). They are important components in formation of the molecular networks of BMs as well as in cell polarity, cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. Each laminin is composed by an α, a β and a γ chain. Previous studies have shown that the γ3 chain is partnered with either the β1 chain (in placenta) or β2 chain (in the CNS) (Libby et al., 2000). Several studies, including our own, suggested that the γ3 chain is expressed in both apical and basal compartments (Koch et al., 1999; Gersdorff et al., 2005 ; Yan and Cheng, 2006). This study investigates the expression pattern of the γ3 chain in mouse. We developed three new γ3-reactive antibodies, and we show that the γ3 chain is present in BMs. The distribution pattern is considerably more restricted than that of the γ1 chain and within any tissue there is differential deposition into BM compartments. This is particularly true in the retina and brain, where γ3 is uniquely expressed in a subset of the vascular basement membranes and the pial surface. We used conventional genetic ablation techniques to remove the γ3 chain in mice; unlike other laminin null mice (α5, β2, γ1 nulls), these mice live a normal lifespan and have only minor abnormalities, the most striking of which are ectopic granule cells in the cerebellum and an apparent increase in capillary branching in the outer retina. These data support the suggestion that the γ3 chain is deposited in BMs and contributes some unique properties to their function, particularly in the nervous system.
Characterization of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Mutations Affecting Chlorophyll and Chlorophyll-Binding Proteins during Senescence in Soybean

Soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Clark) carrying nuclear and cytoplasmic “stay-green” mutations, which affect senescence, were examined. Normally, the levels of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b decline during seedfill and the Chl a/b ratio decreases during late pod development in cv Clark. Plants homozygous for both the d1 and d2 recessive alleles, at two different nuclear loci, respectively, retained most (64%) of their Chl a and b and exhibited no change in their Chl a/b ratio. Combination of G (a dominant nuclear allele in a third locus causing only the seed coat to stay green during senescence) with d1d2 further inhibited the loss of Chl in the leaf. Whereas the thylakoid proteins seem to be degraded in normal Clark leaves during late pod development, they were not substantially diminished in d1d2 and Gd1d2 leaves. In plants carrying a cytoplasmic mutation, cytG, Chl declined in parallel with normal cv Clark; however, the cytG leaves had a much higher level of Chl b, and somewhat more Chl a, remaining at abscission, enough to color the leaves green. In cytG, most thylakoid proteins were degraded, but the Chl a/b-binding polypeptides of the light-harvesting complex in photosystem II (LHCII), and their associated Chl a and b molecules, were not. Thus, the combination of d1 and d2 causes broad preservation of the thylakoid proteins, whereas cytG appears to selectively preserve LHCII. The cytG mutation may be useful in elucidating the sequence of events involved in the degradation of LHCII proteins and their associated pigments during senescence.
Durkheimian Suicides in Shakespeare

The sociological study of suicide is founded upon the critical observations of Emile Durkheim. Although Durkheim's data sources and many of his conclusions regarding the etiology of suicide have come under increasing attack in recent years, social theorists concerned with the phenomenon have been unable to dispense with his insights. The present study applies Durkheimian theory to a “hypothetical population” drawn from the Shakespearean dramatic literature. A new methodology is applied in an attempt to determine the orientation to the suicide act held by each Shakespearean suicide. Conclusions are drawn which, while they do not invalidate Durkheimian assumptions regarding the “causes” of suicide, do tend to restrict his typology to two categories.
Probing electrode surface chemical composition with core and valence band photoemission and an anaerobic cell

Abstract Experiments to study the solid-liquid interface using photoemission are discussed. These experiments involve an apparatus that is linked to an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), equipped with monochromatized X-rays, thus allowing an investigation of the changes in surface chemistry at this interface to be made. The corrosion of nickel, molybdenum, aluminum and carbon under various conditions using this apparatus will be discussed. These studies focus on the surface chemical changes associated with the exposure of the metals to various electrolytes under electrochemical control. Valence band XPS interpreted by calculation models will be shown to yield important information and examples of the greatly improved information content provided by monochromatized X-radiation will be given.
New Technological Considerations That Improve Avionic Reliability

Significant avionic reliability and aircraft flight performance increases can be utilized as a result of employing the improved aircraft environmental control system (ECS) technology. This technology improvement, which can realize better weapon systems, has resulted in improved integrated aircraft flight envelope operations combined with the onboard electronics. This integration is a direct result of a better understanding of the impact of different environmental stresses on jelectronic failures and more effective and efficient use of the onboard ECS. This paper discusses the efforts under way to exploit the emerging new technological directions with advances in ECS.
Immunological defects precursors of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy

Anti-virus-antibodies are elevated in a relatively high number of dilated cardiomyopathies, and in myocarditis increasing or decreasing titers can characteristically be observed. In myocarditis as well as in dilated cardiomyopathy the high incidence of antibodies in the serum of the patients against myocardial sarcolemmal and mitochondrial proteins coincides with a low T-cell-suppressor activity. T-lymphocyte-cell-suppressor activity modifies the immunoglobulin synthesis of B-lymphocytes. The T-cell-suppressor activity has been found to be low in myocarditis as well as in congestive cardiomyopathies. This coincidence looks like a pathogenetic link, since a low T-cell-suppressor activity is generally correlated to an increased antibody synthesis of B-lymphocytes. The finding of a low T-cell-suppressor activity in a small group of normal individuals supports the concept that this group has a predisposition to suffer from myocarditis and later on developing dilated cardiomyopathy. Thus there are several indicators of a probably genetically determined immunological defects which can play a pathogenetic role in the development from myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy.
Addition of Acetylene to the Fischer−Tropsch Reaction

Acetylene has been added to the Fischer−Tropsch (F−T) synthesis on cobalt and iron catalysts. The added acetylene initiates the F−T chain growth and is incorporated into the product only once. Acet...
Dynamics of Feshbach molecules in an ultracold three-component mixture

We present investigations of the formation rate and collisional stability of lithium Feshbach molecules in an ultracold three-component mixture composed of two resonantly interacting fermionic ${}^{6}$Li spin states and bosonic ${}^{174}$Yb. We observe long molecule lifetimes ($g100$ ms) even in the presence of a large ytterbium bath and extract reaction rate coefficients of the system. We find good collisional stability of the mixture in the unitary regime, opening new possibilities for studies and probes of strongly interacting quantum gases in contact with a bath species.
Thalamic structures and associated cognitive functions: Relations with age and aging

The thalamus, with its cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar connections, is a critical node in networks supporting cognitive functions known to decline in normal aging, including component processes of memory and executive functions of attention and information processing. The macrostructure, microstructure, and neural connectivity of the thalamus changes across the adult lifespan. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have demonstrated, regional thalamic volume shrinkage and microstructural degradation, with anterior regions generally more compromised than posterior regions. The integrity of selective thalamic nuclei and projections decline with advancing age, particularly those in thalamofrontal, thalamoparietal, and thalamolimbic networks. This review presents studies that assess the relations between age and aging and the structure, function, and connectivity of the thalamus and associated neural networks and focuses on their relations with processes of attention, speed of information processing, and working and episodic memory.
Consistency of Nonparametric Classification in Cognitive Diagnosis

Latent class models for cognitive diagnosis have been developed to classify examinees into one of the 2 (K) attribute profiles arising from a K-dimensional vector of binary skill indicators. These models recognize that response patterns tend to deviate from the ideal responses that would arise if skills and items generated item responses through a purely deterministic conjunctive process. An alternative to employing these latent class models is to minimize the distance between observed item response patterns and ideal response patterns, in a nonparametric fashion that utilizes no stochastic terms for these deviations. Theorems are presented that show the consistency of this approach, when the true model is one of several common latent class models for cognitive diagnosis. Consistency of classification is independent of sample size, because no model parameters need to be estimated. Simultaneous consistency for a large group of subjects can also be shown given some conditions on how sample size and test length grow with one another.
Standstill position estimation of SPMSM

A calibration method is presented to overcome phase unbalance and eccentricity effects in zero speed position estimation of surface-mount permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSM). Mechanical tolerances and random nature of winding cause sample to sample variation in phase inductances and saturation saliencies. Finite element simulations were performed to investigate the effects of eccentricity and winding unbalances on phase inductances. To confirm this behavior, experiments were performed on a set of SPMSMs manufactured in the same batch to measure actual sample to sample variation of saliency ratios and offsets. The simulation and experimental results indicate a significant variation in the average value of the phase inductances from sample to sample, which evince the need for separate calibration of each motor unit for accurate initial position estimation. The paper proposes six calibration parameters to model the inherent unbalances, which can be used to estimate the standstill position of SPSM.
Consumption of ground beef obtained from cattle that had received steroidal growth promotants does not trigger early onset of estrus in prepubertal pigs.

BACKGROUND The earlier onset of puberty seen in young American girls has led researchers to question if a causal relation exists between dietary sources of estrogenic compounds and precocious puberty. OBJECTIVE Using the prepubertal gilt (young female pig) as an animal model, our hypothesis is that feeding beef obtained from cattle receiving growth-promoting steroidal implants postweaning does not alter the onset of puberty or the peripubertal body composition of gilts compared with contemporaries fed nonimplanted "natural" beef or a common meat alternative, tofu. METHOD The base diet was formulated using canola meal replacing soybean meal to reduce diet estrogenicity. Feed intake was monitored and controlled to ensure similar intake. Gilts were assigned to treatments based on dam and initial body weight (mean: 24.5 ± 3.20 kg) at 61 d of age. The negative control base diet was supplemented with daily feedings of a cooked patty from nonimplanted steers (natural), from steers that had been treated with growth promotants [100 mg trenbolone acetate and 14 mg estradiol (E2) benzoate; implanted], or cooked tofu patty. RESULTS E2 equivalents (nanogram per kilogram, as fed as analyzed by E-Screen) of the tofu (a soy-based product) supplement were ∼570 times the natural and ∼170 times the implanted supplements. There were no observed differences across treatments in live weight gain (P = 0.90), longissimus muscle area developed at the 10th and 11th rib interface (P = 0.46), and subcutaneous fat deposition (P = 0.41) at the same location over time or in the number of days to reach estrus (P = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of beef from growth implanted or natural steers or tofu at levels similar to those typically consumed by humans did not impact growth or onset of estrus in these prepubertal gilts.
Perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia that is complicated by massive proteinuria

Abstract Objective: Current treatment of preeclampsia no longer mandates delivery for proteinuria of >5 g per 24 hours. We sought to determine whether delayed delivery of preeclampsia with massive proteinuria (>10 g/24 h) increased maternal or neonatal morbidity. Study Design: Records of all women with preeclampsia who were delivered at 10 g/24 h) proteinuria. Outcomes were compared using the χ 2 test, one-way analysis of variance, or Fisher exact test. Results: Two hundred nine patients met the inclusion criteria: 125 patients had mild proteinuria, 43 patients had severe proteinuria, and 41 patients had massive proteinuria. No significant differences in maternal morbidity were seen. Massive proteinuria was associated with earlier onset of preeclampsia, earlier gestational age at delivery, and higher rates of prematurity complications. After correction for prematurity, massive proteinuria has no significant effect on neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Women with preeclampsia and massive proteinuria did not have increased maternal morbidity compared with women with severe or mild proteinuria. Massive proteinuria appears to be a marker for early-onset disease and progression to severe preeclampsia. Neonatal morbidity appears to be a function of prematurity rather than of massive proteinuria itself. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:264-8.)
ATP-MgCl2 added to resuscitation improves survival in an experimental model of hemorrhagic shock

Abstract The administration of ATP-MgCl2 may be of benefit in the treatment of shock by improving cellular metabolic function during resuscitation. Prior studies have reported data from hemorrhage models in which heparinized shed blood is returned both during shock and in resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of ATP-MgCl2 therapy upon blood pressure and survival in an animal model of hemorrhagic shock utilizing crystalloid (Lactated Ringer's) resuscitation. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (340–360 g) were bled 27 cc/kg and maintained in shock for 45 min. At the end of the shock period, animals were resuscitated with crystalloid at twice the original hemorrhage volume. A blinded three-arm study was conducted and animals were assigned to receive either Lactated Ringer's (LR) with placebo, LR with MgCl2, or LR with ATP-MgCl2. Blood pressure was monitored throughout the procedure and survival time was noted. Post-resuscitation MAP was increased in animals treated with ATP-MgCl2. ATP-MgCl2 added to resuscitation significantly improved 72-h survival over that of control (LR) animals, and animals treated with MgCl2 alone.
Rate-Distortion Optimized Video Streaming for Scalable H.264

We propose a new real-time packet scheduling algorithm for streaming scalable H. 264. Our algorithm makes use of a packet importance measure, which we define, that takes into consideration transmission history, channel conditions, and the unique decoding dependencies due to the temporal wavelet encoding. Our algorithm utilizes this importance measure to minimize the expected reconstruction distortion at the decoder under a certain rate constraint. In our experimental results we show gains of more than 3 dB in decoded video quality when transmissions are controlled with our algorithm as compared to existing schedulers.
A stochastic on-line model for shipment date quoting with on-time delivery guarantees

The paper introduces a new model for shipment date quoting with potential applications in e-commerce. First, a customer sends to the vendor a request for an item advertised at a certain price on the company's Web site. Upon receiving the request, the vendor immediately quotes the customer a no-Iater-than shipment date for the requested item, taking into account the amount of time to produce the item and any outstanding order previously placed but not yet fulfilled. If the quoted date is deemed acceptable, the customer subsequently places an order for the item; otherwise, the customer rejects the quote and looks for an alternative vendor (the deal is thus lost). The back-end of the quoting system is a single server production system. We propose heuristics that account for the intricate combinatorics of the server scheduling problem, as well as the uncertainty in customer demand and customer behavior.
SSRIs Do Not Cause Affective Blunting in Healthy Elderly Volunteers

Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on affective experience in healthy older adults. Methods After 1 week of observation, normal elderly volunteers (age range: 65–84 years) were given placebo, paroxetine (10 mg–40 mg/day), or sertraline (50 mg–150 mg/day) for 3 weeks in a double-blind study. Paroxetine- and sertraline-treated subjects were analyzed together as the SSRI group (N=30). Volunteers were assessed weekly and recorded mood and events in a daily diary each evening. All data were analyzed with mixed-effects random-regression models. Results There were significant relationships between daily affect and events reported in the daily diary for the sample as a whole, with no differences between groups in mean slopes of positive or negative affect across the length of the study. There were no differences between groups in affective variability. However, the SSRI group, but not the placebo group, demonstrated a significant drug-dependent decrease in negative affect related to negative events. There were no other observed group differences on any other measure. Conclusion Interpreting the results conservatively, they demonstrate that SSRIs are not associated with affective toxicity in elderly persons.
Cryptographic protocol analysis using goal extraction

Cryptographic protocols provide frameworks for communicating, authenticating, and exchanging secrets in sundry situations. Protocol assessment for discovering design flaws requires modeling and analyzing the protocol. Protocol analysis reveals attacks that an intruder can use. The proposed methodology provides an effective means for analyzing protocols by using message-pattern matching and goal extraction. The algorithmic approach for goal extraction and analysis has potential for automated protocol analysis.
THE ADVANTAGES OF A COMBINED T-PIECE AND NON-REBREATHING VALVE: A SIMPLE DEVICE

SUMMARY A combined device is described which is considered to utilize the advantages of both the T-piece and non-rebreathing valve, while eliminating the disadvantages. The device incorporates the reservoir bag and inhalation valve of the non-rebreathing system and the expiratory reservoir limb of the T-piece.
The Differential Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Tumors: A Critical Examination of Some Recent Immunohistochemical Applications

Abstract Context.—As we write, novel antibodies that may well alter the routine practice of surgical neuropathology are in development, characterization, and the early stages of clinical use. These will be used for purposes of tumor subclassification, as prognostic markers, as identifiers of potential therapeutic targets, and as predictors of treatment response. Objective.—To provide for nonspecialists a critical assessment of the peer-reviewed literature (necessarily colored by our own experience) as it pertains to several immunohistochemical reagents that have been recently forwarded as adjuncts to the histologic typing of central nervous system tumors. Data Sources.—We address in these pages only antibodies that are commercially available, that have been the subjects of multiple published series, and that we have had occasion to use in the course of everyday problem solving. Conclusions.—Discussion concentrates on the use of 4 antibodies: BAF47 in the diagnosis of atypical teratoid/ rhabdoid tumor, OCT...
Cognition and radar systems

Cognition means ‘kowning’ and is the process by which we know about the world‥ In human beings this is extremely complicated and although much is understood there is much more to be learnt. However, humans and perhaps more pertinently for radar systems, echo locating mammals are able to sense and interact with their environment in sophisticated ways that are beyond synthetic systems. In this paper we examine the nature, role and value of cognition in radar systems
Correlation and delay line attenuation

The effect of delay line attenuation on the output of a correlator is studied for the case where the attenuation in db to within a frequency independent loss varies linearly with delay and as the square root of frequency. It is shown how attenuation affects the output signal-noise ratio of the correlator, increasing it for some signal spectrum shapes and decreasing it for others. Upper bounds on the increase and decrease are computed and a sufficient condition on the input signal spectrum is established which, when satisfied, assures a degradation in signal-noise ratio. Also examined is the effect of a frequency independent gain inserted to compensate for the delay line attenuation. It is shown how this gain may be chosen in order to give uniform system output noise over all values of delay.
Review of Twitter for Infectious Diseases Clinicians: Useful or a Waste of Time?

Twitter is a social networking service that has emerged as a valuable tool for healthcare professionals (HCPs). It is the only platform that allows one to connect, engage, learn, and educate oneself and others in real time on a global scale. HCPs are using social media tools to communicate, educate, and engage with their peers worldwide. Twitter allows HCPs to deliver easily accessible "real-time" clinical information on a global scale. Twitter has more than 500 million active users who generate more than 58 million tweets and 2.1 billion search queries every day. Here, we explain why Twitter is important, how and when an infectious diseases (ID) HCP should use Twitter, the impact it has in disseminating ID news, and its educational value. We also describe various tools within Twitter, such as Twitter Chat, that connect and bond HCPs on a specific topic. Twitter may help ID HCPs teach others about the global responsible use of antimicrobials in a world of escalating antimicrobial resistance.
Biology and clinical impact of human natural killer cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells, through elaboration of cytokines and cytolytic activity, are critical to host defense against invading organisms and malignant transformation.Two subsets of human NK cells are identified according to surface CD56 expression. CD56dim cells compose the majority of NK cells and function as effectors of natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, whereas CD56bright cells have immunomodulatory function through secretion of cytokines. For a long time, NK cells have held promise for cancer immunotherapy because, unlike T-lymphocytes, NK cells can lyse tumor cells without tumor-specific antigen recognition.To date, NK cell therapy, largely focused on in vivo expansion and activation with cytokines, has met with only modest success. However, recent understanding of the importance of NK receptors (NKR) for recognition and lysis of tumor cells while normal cells are spared suggests novel therapeutic strategies.The balance of inhibitory and activating signals through surface receptors that recognize major histocompatibility complex class I and class I-like molecules on target cells determines whether NK cells activate killing. Identification of NKR ligands and their level of expression on normal and neoplastic cells has important implications for the rational design of immunotherapy strategies for cancer.We review recent development in the biology and clinical relevance of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.
The U.S. Supreme Court’s Rejection of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978

Since the late 1800s there has been an organized governmental effort to remove Native American children from their families and communities and place them with strangers. This federal government effort has resulted in thousands of Native American children being displaced from their roots which results in issues of transracial placement. Indigenous children end up losing their parents, siblings, extended family, and cultural ties. The Indian Nations lament that their children have been stolen and that their very existence is being threatened. Tragically history does repeat itself as this governmental practice continues today. The U.S. Supreme Court granted a Writ of Certiorari in October of 2012 in the case of Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 570 U.S. __ (2013) which everyone assumed would involve a review of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 which would provide guidance to the States on the interpretation of this particular federal law. On June 25, 2013 the Supreme Court reached a decision that clearly rejected the applicability of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 as it threw out the South Carolina court decision awarding custody to the Cherokee father as the highest Court in the land sided with the White adoptive couple. This paper outlines the positions of all the interested parties in the case and presents a theoretical discussion of each position as well as policy implications.
Optical single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulator for wide-band signal processing

We develop and demonstrate a technique for implementing a wide-band optical single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulator. The technique relies on a dual-electrode traveling wave modulator for sideband suppression and a Sagnac fiber-loop interferometer for carrier suppression. The implementation uses all commercially available components and demonstrates >40 dB optical carrier suppression, and as much as 60 dB unwanted signal sideband rejection across a 6-20 GHz microwave frequency range. The modulator is used to demonstrate broad-band spectral shifting- and inversion across the 3-18 GHz frequency range.
Pseudo-Codewords in LDPC Convolutional Codes

Iterative message-passing decoders for low-density parity-check (LDPC) block codes are known to be subject to decoding failures due to so-called pseudo-codewords. These failures can cause the large signal-to-noise ratio performance of message-passing decoding to be worse than that predicted by the maximum-likelihood decoding union bound. In this paper we study the pseudo-codeword problem for the class of LDPC convolutional codes decoded continuously using an iterative, sliding window, message-passing decoder. In particular, for an LDPC convolutional code derived by unwrapping a quasi-cyclic LDPC block code, we show that the free pseudo-weight of the convolutional code is at least as large as the minimum pseudo-weight of the underlying quasi-cyclic code. This result parallels the well-known relationship between the free Hamming distance of convolutional codes and the minimum Hamming distance of their quasi-cyclic counterparts. Finally, simulation results are included that show improved performance for unwrapped LDPC convolutional codes compared to their underlying quasi-cyclic codes.
Radiative lifetimes in Tm i and Tm ii

New radiative lifetime measurements based on time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence are reported for 68 even-parity and 126 odd-parity levels of Tm i ranging in energy from 16 000 to 51 000 cm-1 and for 85 even-parity and 19 odd-parity levels of Tm ii, ranging in energy from 23 000 to 55 000 cm-1.
Endothelin Antagonists Improve Renal Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract Hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is associated with reduced renal excretory function, low renal plasma flow, reduced glomerular filtration rate, and reduced renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure. The mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities in renal function are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of intrarenal endothelin in altering renal hemodynamic and excretory function in the SHR. Both PD 145065 (an endothelin A and B receptor antagonist) and FR 139317 (a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist) or saline was infused into the renal interstitium of 14- to 16-week-old SHR (n=7) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (n=7). Renal perfusion pressure in some SHR was reduced to that of the WKY by a servocontrol system. At a renal perfusion pressure of 124±4 mm Hg, infusion of PD 145065 (0.03 mg · kg −1 · min −1 ) and FR 139317 (0.02 mg · kg −1 · min −1 ) significantly increased glomerular filtration rate (Δ22%), renal plasma flow (Δ37%), and renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (from 3.2±0.5 to 5.4±0.6 mm Hg) in the SHR. These changes were associated with significant increases in urine flow, absolute sodium excretion, and fractional excretion of sodium. Similar improvements in renal plasma flow, renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure, and renal excretory function were obtained in the SHR whose renal perfusion pressure was not reduced (n=7). Renal interstitial infusion of endothelin receptor antagonists had no effect on renal hemodynamic or excretory function in the WKY. These data demonstrate that endothelin receptor blockade within the kidney improves renal hemodynamic and excretory function in the SHR. These results suggest that intrarenal endothelin may mediate, in part, the abnormal renal function in the SHR.
Optical nanocrystallography with tip-enhanced phonon Raman spectroscopy

Tip-enhanced phonon Raman spectroscopy can identify intrinsic ferroelectric domains of individual barium titanate nanocrystals.
A Theoretical Model of Thermoelectric Transport Properties for Electrons and Phonons

A generic theoretical model for five bulk thermoelectric materials (PbTe, Bi2Te3, SnSe, Si0.7Ge0.3, and Mg2Si) has been developed based on the semiclassical model incorporating nonparabolicity, the two-band Kane model, the Hall factor, and the Debye–Callaway model for electrons and phonons. It is used to calculate thermoelectric transport properties, viz. the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and electronic and lattice thermal conductivities, in the temperature range from room temperature up to 1200 K. The present model differs from others in the following regards: Firstly, thorough verification of modified electron scattering mechanisms is carried out by comparison with reported experimental data; Secondly, extensive verification of the model is presented, with concomitant agreement between calculations and reported measurements of effective masses, electron and hole concentrations, Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and electronic and lattice thermal conductivities; Thirdly, the present model provides the Fermi energy as a function of temperature and doping concentration; Fourthly, the velocities of sound are calculated using the Debye model rather than taken from literature. After verification of the present model, we were able to examine the recently attractive material SnSe, indicating a significant improvement in the dimensionless figure of merit.
Right Ventricular 3-Dimensional Strain in Pulmonary Hypertension: The Quest to See the Future∗

According to legend penned by Sir Thomas Malory [(1)][1], King Arthur's knights searched far and long for the Holy Grail. Modern cardiologists are a far cry from the knights-errant of antiquity, but we, too, pursue our holy grails. What quest or goal does an echocardiographer long to see today? How
Xenobiotic Receptors CAR and PXR

The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals are coordinately fulfilled by drug transporters as well as phase-I and phase-II drug-metabolizing enzymes. The two so-called “xenobiotic receptors”, namely constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) and pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), are predominantly expressed in liver and gastrointestinal tract, where CAR and PXR control the expression of a large battery of ADME genes. Although CAR and PXR overlap largely on their target genes, CAR and PXR differ considerably in the regulation of their transcriptional activities, namely gene expression of nuclear receptors, ligand recognition, and activation/suppression by phosphorylation. Unlike PXR, a xenobiotic sensor activated by diverse agonist ligands, ligand-binding is unlikely the major mechanism of CAR activation. In contrast, the transactivation activities of CAR are modulated by phosphorylation as well as various coactivators and corepressors. By binding to multiple DNA response elements that CAR and PXR share with other nuclear receptors, physically interacting with other nuclear receptors, and/or competing with other nuclear receptors for the limited intracellular supply of coactivators, CAR and PXR are not only essential in regulating ADME genes, but also important in metabolic homeostasis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids, lipids, and glucose. Thus, CAR and PXR appear to be critical links between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic drugs. The species difference between humans and mice in CAR and PXR ligands is a major problem in toxicopharmacological and preclinical studies. However, the availability of CAR and PXR “humanized” mice may help to solve this problem.
Queueing and Searching

This paper applies queueing theory to derive the equilibrium of a labor market with frictions. Queueing arises when workers can get jobs by waiting at a firm for a position to open. Queueing theory provides expressions for the expected numbers of vacancies, searching workers and queueing workers. As the ratio of workers to firms increases, the ratio of queueing to searching workers increases. At high ratios of workers to firms, dual wage equilibria arise.
Wake structure of a single vertical axis wind turbine

Abstract The wake structure behind a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is both measured in a wind tunnel using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and computed with large-eddy simulation (LES). Geometric and dynamic conditions are closely matched to typical applications of VAWTs (ReD ∼ 1.8 × 105). The experiments and computations were highly coordinated with continuous two-way feedback to produce the most insightful results. Good qualitative agreement is seen between the computational and experimental results. The dependence of the wake structure on the tip speed ratio, TSR, is investigated, showing higher asymmetry and larger vortices at the lower rotational speed, due to stronger dynamic stall phenomena. Instantaneous, ensemble-averaged and phase-averaged fields are discussed, as well as the dynamics of coherent structures in the rotor region and downstream wake.
Carbon-Based Nanoreporters Designed for Subsurface Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Polyvinyl alcohol functionalized carbon black with H2S-sensor moieties can be pumped through oil and water in porous rock and the H2S content can be determined based on the fluorescent enhancement of the H2S-sensor addends.
Quantum noise and thermal noise in optical soliton propagation

Classical optical solitons propagate in optical fibers without temporal or spectral distortion as a result of a balance between phase shifts due to group velocity dispersion and those due to nonlinear self-phase modulation. This balance is achieved by the proper choice of pulse shape and duration for a given pulse energy. The quantum fluctuations associated with a coherent soliton do not undergo stationary propagation, however, and a number of effects are predicted, including the evolution of vacuum noise associated with the input coherent pulse into squeezed fluctuations and the temporal spreading of the soliton pulse because of dispersion acting on quantum fluctuations of the pulse frequency.