cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The theoretical, discrete, and actual response of the Barnes objective analysis scheme for one- and two-dimensional fields

Abstract This paper examines the response of the Barnes objective analysis scheme as a function of wavenumber or wavelength and extends previous work in two primary areas. First, the first- and second-pass theoretical response functions for continuous two-dimensional (2-D) fields are derived using Fourier transforms and compared with Barnes' (1973) responses for one-dimensional (1-D) waves. All responses are nondimensionalized with respect to a smoothing scale length, such that the first-pass responses are a function only of nondimensional wavelength. The 2-D response is of the same functional form as the 1-D response, with the 2-D wavenumber substituted for the 1-D wavenumber. The 2-D response departs significantly from the 1-D value (for the same x-component of the wavelength) when the y-component of the wavelength is less than approximately ten scale lengths, a condition applying to most fields with closed centers as well as open waves with a significant latitudinal variation. Second, the continuous th...
Correlates and predictors of violent behavior among adolescent drinkers.

Abstract Purpose To examine a wide range of demographic characteristics and psychosocial factors to determine the cross-sectional correlates of violence and longitudinal predictors of violent initiation among adolescent drinkers. Methods We conducted secondary analyses of the 1995 (Time 1) and 1996 (Time 2) in-home surveys of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). This study included a nationally representative school-based sample (N=18,924) of adolescents in grades 7–12. The analyses were restricted to adolescent drinkers (n = 8885). Two logistic regression models were constructed using a backward elimination procedure to identify statistically significant cross-sectional correlates of violence and prospective predictors of violence initiation. Results Half (49%) of all adolescent drinkers reported violent behavior at Time 1 and 15% of those who were not violent at Time 1 reported initiating violent behavior at Time 2. A total of 14 significant cross-sectional correlates of violence were identified that included measures of alcohol use, drug use and selling, exposure to drugs, delinquency, and poor school functioning. Four variables (high-volume drinking, illicit drug use, low grade point average, and having been suspended and/or expelled from school) were significant longitudinal predictors of the initiation of violent behavior. Conclusions The factors significantly associated with violence pertain mostly to alcohol use, drug use and selling, exposure to drugs, delinquency, and poor school functioning. However, most of these problems and behaviors tend to occur in closer temporal proximity to violent behavior (i.e., within a year) and do not seem to developmentally precede initiation in violent behavior.
Weller et al., Twitter and Society

Katrin Weller, Axel Bruns, Jean Burgess, Merja Mahrt, and Cornelius Puschmann Title: Twitter and Society Publisher: Peter Lang, 2014 ISBN: 978-1-4331-2169-2 447 pages
Effects of methylprednisolone pulse on cytokine levels in Kawasaki disease patients unresponsive to intravenous immunoglobulin

This study aimed to determine the effects of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) therapy on cytokine levels in patients with acute Kawasaki disease (KD) unresponsive to initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Fifteen KD patients unresponsive to initial IVIG, 2 g/kg/day, were randomized to receive IVMP (n = 7), 30 mg/kg/day for 3 days or additional IVIG (n = 8), 2 g/kg/day, and plasma cytokine levels were compared. The fraction of febrile patients was significantly lower in the IVMP group than in the additional IVIG group on day 2 (0/7 vs. 3/8, p = 0.03), but not on day 4 and later (3/7 vs. 4/8, p = 1.00) because of recurrent fever. The prevalence of coronary lesions was similar between the two groups (2/7 vs. 2/8, p = 1.00). The ratios of plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 to those at enrollment (defined as day 1) were significantly lower in the IVMP group on day 4 (0.50 ± 0.27 vs. 1.01 ± 0.46, 0.53 ± 0.39 vs. 0.93 ± 0.44, p = 0.02 and 0.045, respectively), but not on day 7 (0.54 ± 0.34 vs. 0.88 ± 0.39, 0.76 ± 0.39 vs. 0.61 ± 0.17, p = 0.07 and 0.83, respectively). The ratios of interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor to those at enrollment did not differ significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, for KD patients unresponsive to initial IVIG, IVMP suppresses cytokine levels faster, but subsequently similarly, compared with additional IVIG.
Identification of ϵ-N-monomethyllysine and ϵ-N-trimethyllysine in rabbit skeletal myosin

Abstract Adult rabbit skeletal myosin has been shown to contain both ϵ-N-monomethyllysine and ϵ-N-trimethyllysine but no ϵ-N-dimethyl-lysine. These two unusual amino acids occur in an approximately 1:2:1 ratio with 3-methylhistidine, a known component of myosin. The same methylated amino acids are also present in myosin derivatives, namely heavy meromyosin and subfragment I, in similar molar ratios as in myosin, except for ϵ-N-monomethyllysine which is substantially reduced in subfragment I.
Fathers' and mothers' perceptions of their preschool children's emergent literacy

Abstract This study examined parent's perceptions of their preschool children's emergent literacy. Of particular interest was the relationship of several children's characteristics (age, gender, and achievement) to the predictions of fathers and mothers. Fathers and mothers of 3- and 4-year-old boys and girls were asked to predict their children's performances on six measures of emergent literacy: letter naming, auditory discrimination, context-dependent word recognition, storybook orientation, writing, and interest. In comparing these predictions with children's actual performances, both fathers and mothers were found to significantly overestimate their children's performances on over half of the measures. Parents made appropriate differentiations for the age of the child. Furthermore, the accuracy of predictions did not differ significantly between parents of boys and girls. On most measures, a higher degree of association was found between the predictions of mother and father than between either parent's prediction and child's performance.
Depressive symptoms are associated with obesity in adults with heart failure: An analysis of gender differences.

Background:Depression is a predictor and consequence of obesity in the general population. Up to 50% of patients with heart failure exhibit elevated depressive symptoms or depressive disorders; how...
Optimal bond refunding strategies

An extension of the conceptual framework for assessing the desirability of a bond refunding operation is presented. The analysis indicates an expanded set of opportunities for enhancing shareholder wealth that may involve actions other than an immediate call of existing debt, even though the latter appears worthwhile. Conditions that specify the optimal timing of a call are derived.
Familial Aggregation of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Objective To estimate the degree of familial aggregation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), determine whether the aggregation of JIA and the aggregation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) overlap, and identify multiplex JIA pedigrees. Methods Records of individuals with JIA or type 1 DM were probabilistically linked with records in the Utah Population Database (UPDB), a large computerized family history database. For each case of JIA or type 1 DM, 10 matched controls or 5 matched controls, respectively, were selected. All familial relationships among cases of JIA or type 1 DM were established. A familial risk score was calculated for each subject. For various levels of familial exposure to JIA or type 1 DM, one's risk (odds ratio [OR]) of developing JIA or type 1 DM was established (cases compared with controls). Recurrence risks for JIA were computed for relatives of JIA cases compared with relatives of controls. Extended JIA families were identified from a list of common ancestors. Results Records of a total of 443 patients were linked with the UPDB. Of these, 381 (86.0%) met criteria for JIA. An increased risk for JIA was observed among relatives of probands with JIA. The prevalence of type 1 DM among JIA cases was higher than the US prevalence of type 1 DM (P < 0.003). The recurrence risk for JIA was significantly elevated among first-degree relatives of cases with JIA (OR 30.4). The overall prevalence of JIA was 28/100,000. Four extended JIA pedigrees were identified. Conclusion There is familial aggregation of JIA in the Intermountain West region of the US. We have demonstrated that multiplex JIA pedigrees can be identified using a genealogic database.
Gender Differences in Surveys of Psychology Baccalaureates: An Update

Results of the present (and fourth) survey were based on responses of 190 (61%) of the 311 persons who received BAs in psychology from Marquette University between 1983 and 1988. Consistent with earlier studies, results indicated that a significantly lower proportion of women than men applied to graduate programs in psychology and associated fields.
Severe scrotal pain in boys with Henoch-Schönlein purpura : incidence and sonography

Background. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis with multiorgan involvement. The scrotal involvement and its sonographic appearance are less well recognized than that of the kidneys and abdomen, and the reported incidence is varied.¶Objective. To review the incidence of significant scrotal involvement in boys with HSP and its sonographic characteristics.¶Materials and methods. Thirteen boys (ages 4–11 years) out of 87 boys diagnosed with HSP, over a 15-year period had significant scrotal complaints. Seven underwent sonographic evaluation to define the extent of scrotal involvement and because testicular torsion was being considered.¶Results. Scrotal involvement producing significant pain occurred in 15 % of boys with HSP. The majority of boys had the diagnosis of HSP established before developing scrotal complaints. Sonographic findings consistently included an enlarged, rounded epididymis, thickened scrotal skin, and a hydrocele. The testes themselves were usually sonographically normal.¶Conclusions. Scrotal involvement in boys with HSP is not uncommon. The sonographic findings in the scrotum are sufficiently characteristic to allow distinction from torsion in most cases.
Neurite outgrowth on muscle cell surfaces involves extracellular matrix receptors as well as Ca2+-dependent and -independent cell adhesion molecules

Abstract To identify the molecules on the neuronal surface that mediate axonal growth on myotubes, we have examined neurite formation by ciliary neurons grown on myotubes in the absence or presence of specific antibodies. Dramatic inhibition of neurite outgrowth was seen only when antibodies blocked simultaneously the functions of two cell adhesion molecules--neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and neural Ca2+-dependent CAM (N-Cal-CAM)--and the neuronal receptors for several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Although the antibody used to block ECM receptors (JG22) has been shown to eliminate almost all neurite growth on ECMs, it had only small effects on neurite growth on myotubes, reducing somewhat the length of neurites. Similarly, antibodies to the two CAMs, when used alone, had no detectable effects on neurite length and, when used together, had only small inhibitory effects on neurite growth. Combination of anti-ECM receptor (JG22) with antibodies to either CAM, however, greatly shortened the length of neurites. These results imply that ECM receptors and the CAMs N-CAM and N-Cal-CAM are major macromolecules used by neuronal growth cones for interactions with myotubes. Each provides a distinct mechanism for regulating growth cone motility.
Antithrombin III activity in baboons

The antithrombin III-heparin cofactor activity of 65 baboons and 130 healthy human subjects was measured. The results indicate that antithrombin III-heparin cofactor activity is significantly lower in baboons than in humans.
Renal artery thrombosis following secondary cytoreduction in a patient with ovarian cancer

Abstract Background. In order to successfully perform aggressive cytoreductive surgery for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, resection of retroperitoneal disease in close proximity to major vessels is often required. Case. We describe a case of a 44-year-old female patient with a history of Stage IV carcinoma of the ovary, who underwent a successful secondary debulking procedure. To remove the left para-aortic tumor implant she required complete mobilization of the left kidney, with skeletonization of the left renal artery and vein. Postoperatively, the patient developed left renal artery thrombosis necessitating a unilateral nephrectomy. Conclusion. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of renal artery thrombosis following a debulking procedure. Gynecologic oncologists should be aware of this possibility and be familiar with the diagnosis and management of this condition.
Effect of site disorder on the optical absorption edge of a-Si:Hx

Abstract We define the position and shape of the absorption edge of a-Si:H x in terms of the Tauc optical gap E G , and the Urbach edge parameter, E O . Based on a simple model changes in both these quantities are quantitatively interpreted in terms of site disorder of the amorphous network. The same model defines a fictive temperature which for high density a-Si:H x at 300K, is about 570K but rises to 1100K for samples annealed just below crystallization at 700C.
Work function, valence band and secondary ion intensity variations noted during the initial stages of SIMS depth profiling of Si and SiO2 by Cs+

Abstract Work function, valence band and 28Si− secondary ion intensity variations from various Si substrates sputtered by 1 keV Cs+ at 60° were measured. Oxide free Si wafers and native oxide terminated wafers did not reveal any appreciable valence band variations close to the Fermi edge. Their work functions however, decreased substantially with an exponential trend noted between this and Si− secondary ion intensities from the O free Si wafer. This is consistent with the electron tunneling model which assumes a resonance charge transfer process. Native oxide terminated wafers exhibited deviations from this exponential trend, while Si wafers with thicker oxides revealed the growth of sub-band features in the valence band spectra on sputtering with Cs+. These features, may partially, if not fully, explain the Cs+ induced enhancement effect noted on SiO2 substrates where work function based models are not applicable.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Protein Deficiency Confers Resistance to Apoptosis in PNH

Objective Investigate the contribution of PIG-A mutations to clonal expansion in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Materials and Methods Primary CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors from PNH patients were assayed for annexin-V positivity by flow cytometry in a cell-mediated killing assay using autologous effectors from PNH patients or allogeneic effectors from healthy controls. To specifically assess the role of the PIG-A mutation in the development of clonal dominance and address confounders of secondary mutation and differential immune attack that can confound experiments using primary cells, we established an inducible PIG-A CD34 + myeloid cell line, TF-1. Apoptosis resistance was assessed after exposure to allogeneic effectors, NK92 cells (an interleukin-2−dependent cell line with the phenotype and function of activated natural killer [NK] cells), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)−α, and γ-irradiation. Apoptosis was measured by annexin-V staining and caspase 3/7 activity. Results In PNH patients, CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors lacking glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-AP − ) were less susceptible than GPI-AP + CD34 + precursors to autologous (8% vs 49%; p p PIG-A model, GPI-AP − TF-1 cells exhibited less apoptosis than induced, GPI-AP + TF-1 cells in response to allogeneic cell-mediated killing, NK92-mediated killing, TNF-α, and γ-irradiation. GPI-AP − TF-1 cells maintained resistance to apoptosis when effectors were raised against GPI-AP − cells, arguing against a GPI-AP being the target of immune attack in PNH. NK92-mediated killing was partially inhibited with blockade by specific antibodies to the stress-inducible GPI-AP ULBP1 and ULBP2 that activate immune effectors. Clonal competition experiments demonstrate that the mutant clone expands over time under proapoptotic conditions with TNF-α. Conclusion PIG-A mutations contribute to clonal expansion in PNH by conferring a survival advantage to hematopoietic progenitors under proapoptotic stresses.
Orientation-controlled self-assembled nanolithography using a polystyrene-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer.

Templated self-assembly of a cylinder-forming poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (PS−PDMS) diblock copolymer has been investigated for nanolithography applications. The large χ-parameter of the blocks and the use of a PDMS−brush substrate surface treatment are especially advantageous for achieving long-range ordering and minimizing defect densities, and the high Si content in PDMS leaves a robust oxide etch mask after two-step reactive ion etching. By adjusting mesa width and solvent-annealing vapor pressure and time, the cylinders can be intentionally oriented parallel or perpendicular to the trench walls. Pattern transfer into thin silica is also demonstrated. This block copolymer system has excellent characteristics for self-assembled nanolithography applications.
Acceleration of a dipolar Claisen rearrangement by Hydrogen bonding to a soluble diaryl^urea

Summary The Claisen rearrangement of 6-methoxy allyl vinyl ether is catalyzed by a soluble diaryl urea, and evidence is presented that the urea stabilizes a dipolar transition state by hydrogen bonding.
II. Functional Consequences of Intragastrically Administered Ethanol in Rats as Measured by the 2‐[14C]Deoxyglucose Method: The Contribution of Dopamine

As outlined in the companion paper, many of the changes in functional activity produced by acute intragastric ethanol administration as determined by the quantitative autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method occur in structures of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine circuits. In this study, a dopaminergic antagonist, flupenthixol, was used to determine the contribution of dopamine to the ethanol-induced increases in functional activity. To assess the ability of flupenthixol to block dopaminergic-induced increases in glucose utilization, it was first examined in conjunction with the indirect dopaminergic agonist methylphenidate. Pretreatment with flupenthixol significantly reduced methylphenidate-induced increases in glucose utilization in structures of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine circuits. These findings indicate that this is an effective strategy for the determination of the neurochemical contributions to the changes in CNS functional activity. Flupenthixol pretreatment blocked many of the ethanol-induced increases in glucose utilization at the 0.25 g/kg dose, particularly in mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal structures. At the 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg ethanol doses, however, pretreatment with flupenthixol did not reverse the increases in glucose utilization in several brain regions, suggesting that dopaminergic activity is not responsible for the observed increases in glucose utilization and further, that these increases involve other neurotransmitter systems. In some regions, however, flupenthixol pretreatment resulted in augmented levels of glucose utilization above those rates produced by the administration of higher doses of ethanol alone. These findings suggest that the contribution of dopamine to the increases in functional activity are more complex at higher doses of ethanol.
Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization is required for proper recovery of LPS-induced inflammation, sickness behavior and metabolism in mice

Endogenous glucocorticoids are essential for mobilizing energy resources, restraining inflammatory responses and coordinating behavior to an immune challenge. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function has been associated with impaired metabolic processes, enhanced inflammation and exaggerated sickness and depressive-like behaviors. To discern the molecular mechanisms underlying GR regulation of physiologic and behavioral responses to a systemic immune challenge, GR(dim) mice, in which absent GR dimerization leads to impaired GR-DNA-binding-dependent mechanisms but intact GR protein-protein interactions, were administered low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS). GR(dim)-LPS mice exhibited elevated and prolonged levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 (but not plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)), enhanced early expression of brain TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels, and impaired later central TNFα mRNA expression. Exaggerated sickness behavior (lethargy, piloerection, ptosis) in the GR(dim)-LPS mice was associated with increased early brain proinflammatory cytokine expression and late plasma CORT levels, but decreased late brain TNFα expression. GR(dim)-LPS mice also exhibited sustained locomotor impairment in the open field, body weight loss and metabolic alterations measured by indirect calorimetry, as well as impaired thermoregulation. Taken together, these data indicate that GR dimerization-dependent DNA-binding mechanisms differentially regulate systemic and central cytokine expression in a cytokine- and time-specific manner, and are essential for the proper regulation and recovery of multiple physiologic responses to low-dose endotoxin. Moreover, these results support the concept that GR protein-protein interactions are not sufficient for glucocorticoids to exert their full anti-inflammatory effects and suggest that glucocorticoid responses limited to GR monomer-mediated transcriptional effects could predispose individuals to prolonged behavioral and metabolic sequelae of an enhanced inflammatory state.
Does treatment of non-malignant hypertension reduce the incidence of renal dysfunction? A meta-analysis of 10 randomised, controlled trials.

Objective: It remains controversial whether non-malignant ‘benign’ hypertension causes renal dysfunction. The effect of lowering blood pressure on the incidence of renal dysfunction among patients with non-malignant hypertension is not clear. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether antihypertensive drug therapy reduces the incidence of renal dysfunction in patients with non-malignant hypertension. Methods: Randomised, controlled trials of antihypertensive drug therapy of more than 1 year duration that reported renal dysfunction as an outcome were identified through MEDLINE search and literature review. A random effects model was used to obtain summary estimates. Results: Ten trials were identified, involving 26 521 individuals and 114 000 person-years. All excluded subjects with advanced baseline renal disease. Definition of renal dysfunction outcome varied among trials but within each trial was applied similarly to both treatment and control groups. Drug treatment consisted mostly of diuretics and adrenergic blockers. Overall, treated patients had lower blood pressure and fewer cardiovascular events. There were a total of 317 cases of renal dysfunction. Patients randomised to antihypertensive therapy (or more intensive therapy) did not have a significant reduction in their risk of developing renal dysfunction (relative risk = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–1.21; P = 0.77). Conclusions: Among patients with non-malignant hypertension enrolled in randomised trials, treated patients did not have a lower risk of renal dysfunction. The 95% CI suggests that a 25% or more true protective effect of antihypertensive drugs is unlikely.
Single particle energy level spectra from a finite size charge distribution

The energy level spectra of an electron in the field of a small positive charge distribution has been obtained by a non-perturbative technique. The spectra in the limit of smallr 0 is seen to be hydrogenic for low lying levels while new features are seen in the spectra near the continuum.
Three-dimensional structure and catalytic mechanism of cytosine deaminase.

Cytosine deaminase (CDA) from E. coli is a member of the amidohydrolase superfamily. The structure of the zinc-activated enzyme was determined in the presence of phosphonocytosine, a mimic of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate. This compound inhibits the deamination of cytosine with a Ki of 52 nM. The zinc and iron containing enzymes were characterized to determine the effect of the divalent cations on activation of the hydrolytic water. Fe-CDA loses activity at low pH with a kinetic pKa of 6.0 and Zn-CDA has a kinetic pKa of 7.3. Mutation of Gln-156 decreased the catalytic activity by more than 5 orders of magnitude, supporting its role in substrate binding. Mutation of Glu-217, Asp-313, and His-246 significantly decreased catalytic activity supporting the role of these three residues in activation of the hydrolytic water molecule and facilitation of proton transfer reactions. A library of potential substrates was used to probe the structural determinants responsible for catalytic activity. CDA was able to catalyze the deamination of isocytosine and the hydrolysis of 3-oxauracil. Large inverse solvent isotope effects were obtained on kcat and kcat/Km, consistent with the formation of a low-barrier hydrogen bond during the conversion of cytosine to uracil. A chemical mechanism for substrate deamination by CDA was proposed.
Sequencing spatial concepts in problem-based GIS instruction

Abstract In this paper, we sketch a general framework to help educators sequence problem-based GIS instruction. This framework weaves together: (1) problem based learning with GIS, (2) cognitive load theory in problem solving, (3) the structural view of spatial knowledge, where higher-level concepts are constructed in part from lower-level concepts, (4) how the form of representation used to solve problems influences the development of spatial thinking skills.
Transhepatic Cardiac Catheterization in Children Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety

Background In some children with congenital heart disease, conventional venous access is unavailable for cardiac catheterization. This study investigates a novel transhepatic venous approach to cardiac catheterization in children and evaluates its efficacy and safety. Methods and Results Percutaneous transhepatic puncture was performed using a 22-gauge Chiba needle under fluoroscopic guidance. After wire exchanges were performed, a 5F to 8F sheath was positioned in the low right atrium and cardiac catheterization was performed. On completion of the catheterization, the sheath was withdrawn and a 3-mm steel coil was placed in the parenchymal tract between the hepatic vein and liver capsule. Liver enzyme studies were obtained before and after transhepatic catheterization, and an abdominal ultrasound was performed to evaluate the liver 24 hours after the procedure. Percutaneous transhepatic cardiac catheterization was performed successfully in 17 of 18 children in whom it was attempted. Patient age was 30±8 ...
Headache in children with Tourette syndrome.

Objective The authors analyzed the frequency of occurrence of headaches in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS) to address their possible inclusion as a comorbidity. Study design Using a prospective questionnaire, administered directly, we interviewed a total sample size of 109 patients with TS ≤21 years of age. The questionnaires were then analyzed according to the International Headache Society’s diagnostic criteria. Results We found headaches to be present in 55% of the patients, with the 2 most common headache types being migraine headaches and tension-type headaches. The rate of migraine headache within the TS group was found to be 4 times greater than that of the general pediatric population, as reported in the literature. In addition, the rate of tension-type headache was found to be more than 5 times greater than that of the general pediatric population. Conclusions Overall, the high rates of migraine and tension-type headache within this population support the proposition that headaches are a comorbidity of TS.
The Impact of Christianity on Therapy with Latino Families

Unquestioned patriarchal beliefs prescribed by religion often place women and racial and sexual minorities in positions of victimization. In the therapeutic framework, “God” represents unquestioned values that must be challenged and evaluated in order to have a transformative effect. As a result of the increase in the number of Latino immigrants to the United States, it is inevitable for therapists to work with Latino families, a highly religious population. The purpose of this paper is to explore, through a feminist perspective, the role of Christianity and the feminist movement in Latin America and the impact of Christianity on therapists’ work with Latino families.
Age differences in the consistency of adults' associative responses

Abstract Younger (mean age = 20) and older (mean age = 63) adults were asked to produce free associations to the same list of 24 verbal stimuli on each of four trials. Older adults tended to produce less common associations and their associations were less consistent across trials. Possible relationships between older adults' inconsistency in processing and their (a) poorer memory performance and (b) slower reaction times were discussed.
Influence of Progestins on Ovarian Responses to Estrogen and Gonadotrophins in Immature Rats

The influence of progesterone or certain synthetic progestins on ovarian response to estrogen and /or gonadotrophin was studied in intact and hypophysectomized immature rats. No effect of progestins on ovarian follicular growth or luteinization was noted in hypophysectomized animals. In intact rats, ovarian luteinization was suppressed by progestins, and completely inhibited by progestin and estrogen in combination. It is concluded that progestins do not directly modify ovarian responses to estrogen or gonadotrophin or the augmenting effect of both, but progestins do influence ovarian function by modifying the elaboration of endogenous pituitary gonadotrophin. (Endocrinology 78: 297, 1966)
Simulated precipitation response to SST forcing and potential predictability in the region of the South Atlantic convergence zone

The sensitivity of the precipitation response in the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) to sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is investigated by an inter-model comparison study of ensembles of multidecadal integrations of two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs)—version 1 of the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP-1) model, and the NCAR community climate model (CCM3) version 3.6.6. Despite the different physical parameterizations, the two models consistently show an SST-forced signal located mainly over the oceanic portion of the SACZ. The signal has interannual-to-decadal timescales, and consists of a shift and strengthening of the SACZ toward anomalous warm waters. A potential predictability analysis reveals that the maximum predictable variance is about 50% of the total SACZ variance over the ocean, but the signal attenuates rapidly toward the South American continent. This result implies that the land portion of the SACZ is primarily dominated by the internal variability, thereby having a limited potential predictability at seasonal timescales.
Genetic recombination in bacteriophage λ by breakage and joining of DNA molecules

Abstract Host-induced modification has been used as a label for parental DNA in crosses between modified phage. A significant proportion of the recombinants was found to retain the parental host-specificity and a portion of the progeny of such recombinants was also found to retain parental specificity. Although other interpretations cannot rigorously be excluded, these findings provide a strong suggestion that recombination occurs by breakage and joining and that joining yields physically continuous polynucleotide strands.
Issues in population pressure, land resettlement, and development: the case of Nepal.

This analysis considers the question of whether resettlement schemes really relieve population pressure or help achieve a better regional balance between population and resource distribution in a manner consistent with Nepals national objective of agricultural growth with social justice. The 1st part of the analysis discusses population pressure followed by the conceptualization of ecodemographic relations and sociodemographic relations. The 2nd part of the analysis considers Nepals agrarian economy along with a case-study examination of its contemporary resettlement project in Chitwan district. Finally information is presented from a field survey conducted in Chitwan in 1979 which support the assertions that: the sociodemographic relations -- not population pressure as such -- are the primary roots of agrarian development problems in a country like Nepal; and resettlement schemes when implemented without due consideration of the pervasive sociodemographic relations are a deficient technical fix to imbalances in ecodemographic relations. Nepal provides a typical example of ecodemographic imbalances in the regional distribution of population and resources. Although the Hill and Mountain regions make up almost 60% of Nepals total population they share less than 30% of the total land under cultivation. The Tarai region which is the northern extension of the Gangetic Plain in India occupies over 70% of the cultivated land and supports only slightly over 40% of the population. As the case study illustrates development strategies such as land resettlement are invariably formulated and implemented as a technical solution within the framework of ecodemographic relations. Little attention is directed to addressing the social dimension of these programs i.e. the structual problems directly associated with the existing sociodemographic relations. Development or land resettlement in the present case is not simply a technical issue concerned with land reclamation and its management. It is also a social issue because the sociodemographic relations determine significantly the direction (or directions) that resettlement programs take. When development policies make little effort to tackle the underlying forces of these relations resettlement schemes result in the reconstitution of class divisions and disparity in the ownership of resources in newly resettled areas.
Collaborative filtering and the generalized vector space model (poster session)

Collaborative filtering is a technique for recommending documents to users based on how similar their tastes are to other users. If two users tend to agree on what they like, the system will recommend the same documents to them. The generalized vector space model of information retrieval represents a document by a vector of its similarities to all other documents. The process of collaborative filtering is nearly identical to the process of retrieval using GVSM in a matrix of user ratings. Using this observation, a model for filtering collaboratively using document content is possible.
A characterization of limiting distributions of estimators in an autoregressive process

Let the random variablesX1,X2, ...,X n be generated by the first-order autoregressive modelX i =θX i−1 +e i wheree i ,i=1, 2, ...,n, are i.i.d. random variables with mean zero, variance σ2, and with unspecified density functiong(·). In the present paper we obtain a characterization of limiting distributions of nonparametric and parametric estimators of θ as well as a local asymptotic minimax bound of the risks of estimators.
Design and Calibration of a Novel High Temperature Heat Flux Gage

A new type of heat flux sensor (HTHFS) has been designed and constructed for applications at high temperature and high heat flux. It is constructed by connecting solid metal plates to form brass/steel thermocouple junctions in a series circuit. The thermal resistance layer of the HTHFS consists of the thermocouple materials themselves, thus improving temperature limits and lowering the temperature disruption of the sensor. The sensor can even withstand considerable erosion of the surface with little effect on the operation. A new type of convection calibration apparatus was designed and built specifically to supply a large convection heat flux. The heat flux was supplied simultaneously to both a test and standard gage by using two heated jets of air that impinged perpendicularly on the surface of each gage. The sensitivity for the HTHFS was measured to have an average value of 20 μV/(W/cm2 ). The uncertainty in this result was determined to be ±10% over the entire range tested. The sensitivity agrees with the theoretically calculated sensitivity for the materials and geometry used. Recommendations for future improvements in the construction and use of the sensors are discussed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Universal Cross Sections for K -Shell Ionization by Heavy Charged Particles. I. Low Particle Velocities

Experimental $K$-shell ionization cross sections are reported for low-velocity heavy projectiles of atomic number small compared to the target atomic number. For such projectile-target combinations, the Coulomb interaction between the projectile nucleus and the $K$-shell electrons dominates the $K$-shell ionization process at all projectile velocities. The data can disagree by orders of magnitude with the primary predictions of the nonrelativistic quantum theory in the plane-wave Born approximation. Important physical processes are shown to be at the root of the discrepancies. They derive from the finite charge of the moving projectile, and thus do not contribute in the plane-wave Born approximation. They are the Coulomb deflection of the projectile in the field of the target nucleus and the perturbation of the target atomic states by the projectile. A theory for these processes is developed in an approximate manner. When incorporated with the theory in the plane-wave Born approximation, it accounts quantitatively for the data. A method results for reducing cross-section data in a comprehensive way. A universal graph of cross sections emerges which, in effect, constitutes an extrapolation of the data to the conditions of zero projectile charge. It comprises cross sections ranging over six orders of magnitude measured on different targets for various projectiles with a wide range of velocities, mostly below the mean $K$-shell velocities. The locus of this universal graph coincides with the prediction of the plane-wave Born approximation.
Intraarterial cis‐platinum for patients with inoperable skeletal tumors

Twenty-three patients with inoperable skeletal tumors were treated with intraarterial cis-platinum prior to attempted surgery. The antitumor effect of intraarterial cis-platinum was monitored clinically by radiologic imaging techniques and, whenever possible, evaluated histopathologically by examination of surgical or biopsy tumor specimens. Objective responses were noted in 12 patients (52%) and included 2 complete, 7 partial and 3 less-than-partial remissions lasting from 14 to 70 weeks. Limb-saving surgery or hemipelvectomy became subsequently feasible in four and one patients respectively. Preoperative intraarterial cis-platinum is a safe procedure which might be used effectively in combination with other, more conventional postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy against skeletal tumors.
Enhancement of corticotrophic activity: effect on adrenal and thymus weights.

THE physiological utilization of subcutaneously or intramuscularly administered pituitary hormones has been shown to be greatly enhanced by means of depot agents, such as oil (Payne, et al., 1951), gelatin (Wolfson and Robinson, 1952), polyvinylpyrrolidone (Pedersen-Bjergaard and Tonnesen, 1950), and others which delay absorption by a sequestering effect, or by chemical adducts such as tannates (Wilson and McGinty, 1951), protamine zinc (Solem, 1952), or alum precipitated proteins (Hajashida and Li, 1952) which tend to reduce the solubility of the proteins in the tissue fluids and thus delay their absorption into the blood stream. Recently (Cohen, et al., 1953) data were presented by the authors which demonstrated that anti-hyaluronidase agents are effective in delaying the absorption and in enhancing the activity of adrenocorticotrophin. Coincidental anti-proteolytic action of these substances further enhanced such activity when the anti-hyaluronidase material together with the corticotrophin was injecte...
Stochastic modeling of the independent roles of particle size and grain size in transgranular cleavage fracture

The independent roles of grain size and particle size on sharp crack and rounded notch toughness are investigated over a range of temperatures from the lower shelf into the early ductile/brittle transition region. The results are interpreted in terms of a weakest link statistical model wherein the onset of failure coincides with the critical propagation of a particle microcrack into the matrix. It is shown that, for a fixed particle size distribution, both sharp-crack and rounded-notch toughness decrease with increasing grain size. However, at fixed grain size, the sharp-crack toughness increases, while the rounded-notch toughness decreases with increasing particle size. Such effects result primarily from the difference in the number of activated particles in the plastic zone.
Experimental studies on synthetic jet cooling enhancement for portable platforms

As portable platforms including laptops, handheld PCs, and similar handheld electronics become more powerful and more popular, they present unique thermal management challenges. In the past, most thermal management solutions have dealt with directly cooling the microprocessor by way of a heat spreader, heat sink, and fan. However, the microprocessor thermal solution does not cool all areas of the entire platform, and prominent thermal issues arise and must be addressed. For example, maintaining a comfortable skin temperature in portable electronics is a major issue as devices operate at higher powers and with more capabilities. Additionally, the small form factors and limited volume of portable devices make the cooling of the overall platform a significant challenge. Synthetic jets are diaphragm-induced flow devices that can be used to enhance heat transfer in locations otherwise cooled by natural convection or very low-speed forced convection. In this work, the performance of synthetic jets operating perpendicular (i.e., in cross-flow) to a low speed duct flow is investigated. The nature of the jet and bulk flow interaction is studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and thermal measurements are taken on a heated duct wall. Synthetic jets are shown to slow down the bulk flow by entraining mass into the flow and creating "dead zones" where the bulk flow is blocked. The heat transfer studies indicate that cooling can be increased in the main body of the synthetic jet stream by as much as 25% but that the jet creates an impediment to the bulk flow which results in other areas of localized heating.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Hyphal fusion and multigenomic structure (reply)

Pawlowska and Taylor reply - To challenge the hypothesis of multigenomic structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi1,2, we presented three lines of evidence consistent with the homokaryotic organization of within-individual genetic variation, including distribution of polymorphic genetic markers among and within field isolates of an AM fungus, and distribution of ribosomal DNA variants among individually microdissected nuclei3. Bever and Wang suggest4 that our data can be explained equally well by heterokaryosis, proposing a model that relies on the assumption that fusions of hyphae of genetically non-identical individuals contribute to the creation and maintenance of a multigenomic status of AM fungal cells. However, we do not believe that this assumption is supported by existing biological evidence.
Function representation of a noncommutative uniform algebra

We construct a Gelfand type representation of a real noncommutative Banach algebra A satisfying ||f 2 || = ||f|| 2 , for all f ∈ A.
Colonization of the murine hindgut by sacral crest-derived neural precursors: experimental support for an evolutionarily conserved model.

Enteric ganglia in the hindgut are derived from separate vagal and sacral neural crest populations. Two conflicting models, based primarily on avian data, have been proposed to describe the contribution of sacral neural crest cells. One hypothesizes early colonization of the hindgut shortly after neurulation, and the other states that sacral crest cells reside transiently in the extraenteric ganglion of Remak and colonize the hindgut much later, after vagal crest-derived neural precursors arrive. In this study, I show that Wnt1-lacZ-transgene expression, an "early" marker of murine neural crest cells, is inconsistent with the "early-colonization" model. Although Wnt1-lacZ-positive sacral crest cells populate pelvic ganglia in the mesenchyme surrounding the hindgut, they are not found in the gut prior to the arrival of vagal crest cells. Similarly, segments of murine hindgut harvested prior to the arrival of vagal crest cells and grafted under the renal capsule fail to develop enteric neurons, unless adjacent pelvic mesenchyme is included in the graft. When pelvic mesenchyme from DbetaH-nlacZ transgenic embryos is apposed with nontransgenic hindgut, neural precursors from the mesenchyme colonize the hindgut and form intramural ganglion cells that express the transgenic marker. Contribution of sacral crest-derived cells to the enteric nervous system is not affected by cocolonization of grafts by vagal crest-derived neuroglial precursors. The findings complement recent studies of avian chimeras and support an evolutionarily conserved model in which sacral crest cells first colonize the extramural ganglion and secondarily enter the hindgut mesenchyme.
Chemimechanical polishing of cadmium telluride with bromine-methanol solutions

Abstract The etching of CdTe(110) substrates with bromine-methanol was studied in a chemimechanical polishing apparatus at room temperature. Etch rates were quantified and found to vary linearly with the bromine concentration. The best surface morphology was obtained at low bromine concentrations with the substrate in direct contact with the polishing pad.
Convective versus absolute instability in flow between counterrotating cylinders

The linear stability of flow in a Couette-Taylor system with counterrotating cylinders is posed as an initial-value problem. The time-asymptotic solution is found by the method of steepest descent. We identify the saddle points of the complex dispersion relation and, from the growth rates evaluated at the saddle points, determine a Reynolds number range ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\le}R\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{a}}$ within which the instability is convective and beyond which (Rg${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{a}}$) it is absolute. The amount by which ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{a}}$ exceeds ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{c}}$ can be of order 1%, but loci in parameter space of zero group velocity are found where the instability is absolute at onset (${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{a}}$=${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{c}}$). Bicritical curves separating regions with different azimuthal wave numbers are compared for convective and absolute instabilities. The analysis reveals a new type of bicriticality where two different axial wave numbers simultaneously become unstable.