cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Framework for Optimizing Ramping Capability of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Hybrid Energy Storage System has been widely applied in aerospace, electric vehicle, and microgrid applications. The advantages are that they include complimentary technologies with both high power and energy capabilities. HESS have the potential to be useful to the bulk power systems, for example to increase the value of energy produced by variable generation resource through enabling participation in ancillary service markets. Actualizing the benefits of HESSs requires optimizing the combined ramping capability of aggregated HESS resources. To provide quality ancillary service, source of HESSs locating at multiple sites of variable generation resource must be optimally sized and cohesively controlled. Optimizing aggregated resources can be formulated as an optimization problem. Successfully solving this problem not only requires using effective solution methods but also depends on accurately and rapidly setting the necessary parameters in the problem formula. This article proposes a novel framework with double-layer structure to solve the optimization problem of aggregating ramping capability. Program developed on the upper layer focuses on solving the optimization of aggregating ramping capability among multiple HESSs and is compatible with most existing optimization algorithms. Program on lower layer of the framework targets at optimizing the local control of a single HESS based on a thorough analytics of HESS operation strategy presented in this article. Result of local optimization is also provided to upper layer program for updating the parameters in formula of optimization problem. Real time hardware-in-the-loop test is conducted to verify the performance of the optimization framework developed. The work presented is expected to provide guidance for implementing this framework in practical operation.
Effect of elevated temperature on flexural behavior and fibers-matrix bonding of recycled PP fiber-reinforced cementitious composite

Abstract This research aims to study the effects of elevated temperature exposure on the flexural performance of recycled polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. Four mixtures with different percentages of PP fibers (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by volume) were studied. For each mortar, 9 samples of 40 × 40 × 160 mm were cast and cured for 28 days. While 3 samples of each mixture were tested under standard conditions, the other 6 were exposed to high temperature (200 °C) for 2 h and cooled in two different ways before testing (3 were tested hot and 3 were let cool down completely). Flexural strength test, Differential Image Correlation (DIC) and digital microscopy techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of high-temperature exposure and cooling procedures on flexural strength, toughness and bonding. Results showed that the use of recycled PP fibers had a negligible effect on flexural strength in normal conditions. However, fibers provided mortars a residual strength and ductile behavior after peak-load. Besides, flexural strength, post-peak residual strength, secondary strength and secondary toughness were enhanced after exposure to 200 °C and slow cooling, improving the behavior of the composite under flexural stresses. These results, along with the optical microscope images, suggest an improved bonding between the mortar matrix and the PP recycled fibers after exposure to 200 °C (temperature close to the melting point of fibers).
Determinants of policy and uptake of national vaccine programs for pregnant women: results of mixed method study from Spain, Italy, and India.

An important strategy for addressing maternal and newborn risks of disease is through vaccinating pregnant women. We conducted a mixed-methods study including a narrative literature review of drive...
The tools of tailoring as technologies-in-use in twentieth century Benin, West Africa

Beninois tailors use sewing machines to make made-to-order clothing for clients and they award and display artisanal diplomas that attest to the completion of an apprenticeship with a master tailor...
“We are Propagandists for Democracy”: The Institute for Propaganda Analysis’ Pioneering Media Literacy Efforts to Fight Disinformation (1937–1942)

The Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA) advocated for “propaganda literacy” against the backdrop of rising nationalism before and during World War II (1937–1942). Through a historical analysis ...
Fundamentals of Translation

Preface 1. The term 'translation': concepts, definitions, and usage 2. The functions of translation: functionalism 3. Pragmatics: translation functions and language functions 4. Texts and translation 5. Reading and translation 6. Social aspects of translating 7. Translation quality Answer key Glossary.
Type-Specific Antigens in the Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma Venereum Group of Organisms

Fraser, C. E. Ovid (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and David T. Berman. Type-specific antigens in the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group of organisms. J. Bacteriol. 89:943-948. 1965.-Antigens of 14 strains of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum (PLV) group of organisms were prepared by treating purified particles with deoxycholate and trypsin. In complement-fixation tests of these antigens with the homologous and heterologous antisera, specific serotype differences were observed. Application of the method of specificity differences permitted placement of the 14 strains into 7 subgroups. The possible value of these techniques in immunology, epizootiology, and taxonomy of the PLV group is discussed.
Fun control experiments with Matlab and a joystick

The paper describes real-time simulation programs that were developed for an undergraduate control systems course. The implementation of three classical experiments (the ball and beam, the inverted pendulum, and the flexible beam) as Matlab m-files is described. The visualization and animation capabilities of Matlab provide a realistic perception of the behavior of the testbeds, without actual hardware being needed. A joystick interface enables users to control the systems manually, providing a fun and educational experience. Automatic controllers can be designed to gain in-sight into a variety of concepts, including stabilization of unstable systems, root-locus properties, frequency-domain analysis and design, robustness, and discrete-time implementation of continuous-time systems. The paper is submitted to the conference as a poster/interactive paper. Attendees can view the experiments on a laptop, interact with them through a joystick, and ask any questions that they may have. The software is available from the Web at: www.ece.utah.edu//spl sim/bodson/fun. The joystick interface is a dynamic link library file requiring a Windows operating system.
Surgical Management of Colon Cancer

Surgery remains the primary treatment modality for colon cancer. Prior to surgery, all patients should be clinically staged with a total colon exam; computed tomography scanning of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; and measurement of serum CEA level. The principles of surgical resection for colon cancer include four components. First, the colon and its mesentery should be resected along the planes to keep its fascia intact. Second, the primary vessel to the resected segment of the colon should be ligated at its origin. Third, a wide mesenteric resection should be performed to ensure a harvest of at least 12 lymph nodes. Finally, the tumor should be resected with at least a 5 cm distal or proximal margin. Resection of the primary tumor can be approached either open or laparoscopically. The Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group (COST), Conventional versus Laparscopic-Assisted Surgery in Colorectal Cancer (CLASICC), and COlorectal cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection (COLOR) trials demonstrated that the laparoscopic approach was not inferior to open resection of colon cancers. There are several technical approaches to resecting right- and left-sided cancers, which include medial to lateral, lateral to medial, posterior, or superior and medial to lateral and lateral to medial, respectively. The management of obstructing and perforated cancers presents unique challenges. Resection of obstructing cancers provides the most effective treatment of the primary tumor and the obstruction. Endoscopic stenting as a bridge to surgery is an effective option in selected patients. Perforated cancers can present as acutely with free spillage of feculent material or subacutely with contained contamination. In either case, the best cancer-related outcome is associated with an oncologic resection. Improvements in the chemotherapy regimens for metastatic colon cancer have greatly changed the management of these patients. Patients with metastatic disease and an asymptomatic primary tumor should receive chemotherapy as the first line of therapy. The rate of the primary tumor developing symptoms in this setting is quite low. For patients who present with bleeding or obstructive symptoms, surgical resection should be the first line of therapy. The long-term cancer-related outcomes for colon cancer are dependent upon the Tumor, Node, Metastatisis (TNM) stage of the tumor, the quality of the surgical resection, and when indicated the timely administration of adjuvant chemotherapy.
On central matrix based methods in dimension reduction

Dimension reduction for regression analysis has been one of the most popular topics in the past two decades. It sees much progress with the introduction of the inverse regression, centered around the two key methods, sliced inverse regression (SIR) and sliced average variance estimation (SAVE). It is well known that SIR works poorly when the inverse conditional expectation is close to being nonrandom. SAVE and its many generalizations, which do not suffer from this drawback, lag behind SIR in many other circumstances. Usually a certain weighted hybrid of SIR and SAVE is necessary to improve overall performance. However, it is difficult to find the optimal mixture weights in a hybrid, and most such hybrid methods, as well as SAVE, require the restrictive constant (conditional) variance condition. We propose a much weaker condition and a new accompanying algorithm. This enables us to create several new central matrices that perform very favourably to existing central matrix based methods without referring to hybrids. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 421–438; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada Resume La reduction de la dimension en analyse de regression a ete un sujet de predilection au cours des deux dernieres decennies. D'importants progres ont ete realises grâce a l'introduction de la regression inverse, axee sur les deux methodes principales, soient la regression inverse par tranches (SIR) et l'estimation de la variance moyenne par tranches (SAVE). Il est bien connu que la methode SIR fonctionne mal lorsque l'esperance conditionnelle inverse est presque non aleatoire. La methode SAVE et ses nombreuses generalisations ne presentent pas cet inconvenient, mais elles comportent des lacunes a bien d'autres egards par rapport a SIR. Une methode ponderee hybride de SIR et SAVE est generalement necessaire afin d'ameliorer la performance globale. Cependant, il est difficile d’etablir les poids de melanges optimaux dans une methode hybride, et la plupart de ces hybrides, de meme que SAVE, necessitent une condition restrictive de constance de la variance (conditionnelle). Les auteurs proposent une condition beaucoup moins contraignante et un nouvel algorithme. Cette approche permet de creer de nouvelles matrices centrales qui donnent de tres bons resultats par rapport aux methodes existantes fondees sur les matrices centrales sans toutefois se referer aux methodes hybrides. La revue canadienne de statistique 41: 421–438; 2013 © 2013 Societe statistique du Canada
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data

The 2003 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, was held June 10-12, 2003 in San Diego, California. This year, SIGMOD was part of the Federated Computing Research Conference (FCRC-2003), which included a total of 16 conferences and workshops. The SIGMOD conference is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and its Special Interest Group on Management of Data (SIGMOD). As has become customary, two days of the conference were overlapped with the Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS). In addition, there were a number of important events co-located with SIGMOD this year, including the 6th International Workshop on the Web and Databases (WebDB), the Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (DMKD), The Second International Workshop on Distributed Event-Based Systems (MPDS), The Workshop on Management and Processing of Data Streams, the Paris C. Kanellakis Memorial Workshop, and the Second Database Faculty Symposium.As in previous years, SIGMOD held its status as a leading forum for exchange of ideas and publication of new results on data management. Acceptance into the conference proceedings was extremely competitive. We received 342 submissions to the conference (up from 240 in 2002, i.e., over 40% increase). The program committee selected 53 papers for presentation and inclusion in the proceedings. These papers span the range of traditional database topics such as query processing, indexing and OLAP, to current issues of signifcant interest such as XML data management, data streaming, large-scale data sharing, and metadata management. The program committee worked hard to select these papers through a detailed review process and active discussion both electronically and at the program committee meeting held in January in Seattle. We used the CMT to run the entire submissions and review process for research papers, including the program committee meeting.In addition to the research track, we had 73 submissions to the Demonstrations track, of which 22 projects were invited to present. The Demonstrations track has become a key venue for the early dissemination of cutting-edge prototype and systems development experience. Juliana Freire chaired the demos program committee, which put together a diverse and exciting program. The Industrial program committee, chaired by Surajit Chaudhuri, took an active role in soliciting quality submissions and have put together a program that is a key component of this year's conference: not only were there 4 papers accepted through the submission process, but there were an additional 10 invited talks. Likewise, Mary Fernandez and Joe Hellerstein organized an excellent slate of Tutorials and Panels to round out the program. As a result of all these efforts, we have an especially strong and innovative program this year, with a good balance of academic and industrial representation.
Urban Welfare Regimes, Organizational Cultures, and Client-Staff Tie Activation: A Comparison of Transitional Housing Programs in Los Angeles and Tokyo

With state safety nets failing to keep up with expanding urban poverty, ties to community organizations can provide crucial resources. But what explains variation in such tie activation at urban, organizational, and individual levels? I advance a multilevel framework of organizational client–staff tie activation that centralizes the role of trust and specifies effects of multiple social contexts. I apply the framework to an exploratory comparison of transitional housing programs in Los Angeles and Tokyo, including analysis of qualitative data collected among clients, staff, and administrators. I argue that urban welfare regimes and organizational cultures are key contexts shaping how macro-level forces like neoliberalism intersect with micro-level processes of social capital building in differentiated ways. Urban scholars can inform theory and practice by further analyzing how organizational-level trust building practices of holism and flexibility can be affected by urban-level regulations on scope of aid and inter-organizational ties.
Influence of salivary components and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis from sucrose on the attachment of Streptococcus mutans 6715 to hydroxyapatite surfaces.

The adsorption of 3H-labeled Streptococcus mutans 6715 cells to disks of hydroxyapatite (HA) was studied. The number of streptococci that adsorbed was logarithmically related to the concentration of cells available up to at least 2 × 108 per ml; equilibrium occurred within 45 min. Assay reliability was verified by direct scanning electron microscopic counts. Untreated HA disks exposed to buffered saline (PBS)-suspended streptococci at a concentration of 1.1 × 108 per ml absorbed 3.2 × 106 cells per cm2; approximately 3% of the surface area was, therefore, occupied by adsorbed organisms. The presence of adsorbed salivary components on HA reduced the number of attaching S. mutans cells by half. When S. mutans cells were suspended in saliva to mimic conditions existing in the mouth, the number of streptococci adsorbing to saliva-treated HA was reduced more than 30-fold compared to untreated HA. Approximately one-half of the streptococci adsorbed to untreated or to saliva-treated HA disks could be desorbed over a 4-h period with 0.067 M phosphate buffer. S. mutans cells exposed to sucrose to permit extracellular polysaccharide synthesis before or during adsorption attached in fewer numbers to both saliva-treated and untreated HA than PBS-treated organisms. When S. mutans cells adsorbed on untreated HA were exposed to sucrose, fewer organisms could be desorbed; thus, in situ polysaccharide synthesis promoted their more firm attachment to untreated HA. However, when saliva-suspended streptococci were adsorbed to saliva-treated HA surfaces, exposure to sucrose before or subsequent to adsorption did not promote more firm attachment. Evidently, the powerful adherence-inhibiting and desorptive effects of salivary components overshadowed any promoting effects attributable to glucan synthesis from sucrose. Similarly, no differences were noted in the desorption of S. mutans cells from human teeth after exposure to sucrose, glucose, or PBS relative to a strain of Streptococcus mitis (S. mitior). Thus, no evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that glucan synthesis from sucrose was essential for, or promoted, the attachment of S. mutans cells to HA surfaces exposed to saliva or to the smooth surfaces of human teeth. Images
Robust reliability design of diagnostic systems

Diagnostic systems are software-based built-in-test systems which detect, isolate and indicate the failures of the prime systems. The use of diagnostic systems reduces the losses due to the failures of the prime systems and facilitates subsequent repairs. Thus diagnostic systems have found extensive applications in industry. The algorithms performing operations for diagnosis are important parts of the diagnostic systems. If the algorithms are not adequately designed, the systems will be sensitive to noise sources, and commit type I error (a) and type II error (/spl beta/). This paper is to improve the robustness and reliability of the diagnostic systems through robust design of the algorithms by using reliability as an experimental response. To conduct the design, we define the reliability and robustness of the systems, and propose their metrics. The influences of /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/ errors on reliability are evaluated and discussed. The effects of noise factors on robustness are assessed. The classical P-diagram is modified; a generic P-diagram containing both prime and diagnostic systems is created. Based on the proposed dynamic reliability metric, we describe the steps for robust reliability design and develop a method for experimental data analysis. The robustness and reliability of the diagnostic systems are maximized by choosing optimal levels of algorithm parameters. An automobile example is presented to illustrate how the proposed design method is used. The example shows that the method is efficient in defining, measuring and building robustness and reliability.
Directed migration of mesenchymal cells: where signaling and the cytoskeleton meet

Cell migration directed by spatial cues, or taxis, is a primary mechanism for orchestrating concerted and collective cell movements during development, wound repair, and immune responses. Compared with the classic example of amoeboid chemotaxis, in which fast-moving cells such as neutrophils are directed by gradients of soluble factors, directed migration of slow-moving mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts is poorly understood. Mesenchymal cells possess a distinctive organization of the actin cytoskeleton and associated adhesion complexes as its primary mechanical system, generating the asymmetric forces required for locomotion without strong polarization. The emerging hypothesis is that the molecular underpinnings of mesenchymal taxis involve distinct signaling pathways and diverse requirements for regulation.
Description of a Mössbauer data acquisition system using CAMAC

Abstract This paper describes the procedures for interfacing Mossbauer apparatus with an on-line computer using CAMAC. This system offers flexibility, reliability, and cost-effective means of utilizing Mossbauer instrumention.
Symposium focuses on Arctic science and policy needs

[1] The most important step the United States needs to take for the future of the Arctic is ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS), U.S. Senator Mark Begich (D-AK) told attendees at the 4th Symposium on the Impacts of an Ice-Diminishing Arctic on Naval and Maritime Operations, held 20–22 June in Washington, D. C. With the Arctic region undergoing rapid transformation due to climate change, scientists at the symposium provided details about diminishing ice and other concerns, while U.S. Naval and Coast Guard officers discussed research and operational needs and policy makers called for more resources to deal with Arctic issues and for LOS ratification.
Exploring the Influences of a Partner-Based Teacher Credential Program on Candidates' Performance Outcomes.

The study compared candidates in a 4-year undergraduate program for secondary mathematics and science teaching, based on the UTeach model, with candidates in a 1-year postbaccalaureate program at the same institution. Candidates in the undergraduate program participated in a partnership of university mathematics, science, and education departments and intensive field-based experiences in high-needs schools. We conjectured that this approach would better prepare prospective teachers to develop beginning teacher competencies. Analysis of the Performance Assessment for California Teachers Teaching Event identified few differences between candidates in both groups. Surveys revealed significant differences between candidates’ perceptions of their preparation for teaching. These findings suggest that different program models can offer differential support to prospective teachers but how the program features are enacted influences the impact that these programs have on teacher preparation.
TGFβ/Activin/Nodal Pathway in Inhibition of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation by Mechanical Strain

Cyclic biaxial mechanical strain has been reported to inhibit human embryonic stem cell differentiation without selecting against survival of differentiated or undifferentiated cells. We show that TGFβ/Activin/Nodal signaling plays a crucial role in repression of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation under mechanical strain. Strain-induced transcription of TGFβ1, Activin A, and Nodal, and upregulated Similar to Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)2/3 phosphorylation in undifferentiated hESC. TGFβ/Activin/Nodal receptor inhibitor SB431542 stimulated differentiation of hESCs cultured under biaxial strain. Exogenous addition of TGFβ1, Activin A, or Nodal alone was insufficient to stimulate hESC self-renewal to replicate behavior of hESCs in presence of strain. However, exogenous TGFβ1 and Activin A in combination partially replicated the self-renewing phenotype induced by strain but when combined with strain did not further stimulate self-renewal. In presence of mechanical strain, addition of a neutralizing antibody to TGFβ1 promoted hESC differentiation whereas inhibition of Activin A by Follistatin promoted hESC differentiation to a lesser extent. Together, these findings show that TGFβ superfamily activation of Smad2/3 is required for repression of spontaneous differentiation under strain and suggest that strain may induce autocrine or paracrine signaling through TGFβ superfamily ligands.
Dendritic cells can be rapidly expanded ex vivo and safely administered in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose Immunotherapy using either dendritic cells (DCs) or expanded cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) has received increased interest in the treatment of specific malignancies including metastatic breast cancer (MBC). DCs can be generated ex vivo from monocytes or CD34+ precursors. The ability to expand and safely administer CD34-derived DCs in patients with MBC that have received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been evaluated.
Early intersubjective skills and the understanding of intentionality in young children with Down syndrome

This study examined the relationship between early intersubjective skills (joint attention and affect sharing) and the development of the understanding of intentionality in 16 young children with Down syndrome (DS) and 16 developmentally matched children with other developmental disabilities (DD). The study of intentionality focuses on how children come to understand the goal-directed actions of others and is an important precursor to the development of more complex social cognitive skills, such as theory of mind. Joint attention and affect sharing were examined using the Early Social Communication Scales (Mundy, Sigman, & Kasari, 1990; Seibert, Hogan, & Mundy, 1982). Meltzoff's (1995) behavioral reenactment paradigm was used to examine the understanding of intentionality. For children with DS, higher rates of affect sharing were associated with poorer intention reading abilities. This pattern was not observed in children with other DD. These results suggest that the intersubjective strengths associated with DS may not support the development of intentionality-interpretation skills. Future research is needed to explore if children with DS have the joint attention behaviors needed to be intentional.
Quasi-Newton Methods for Solving Algebraic Riccati Equations

Variants of Newton's method for solving an algebraic Riccati equation are presented with the aim of developing efficient and parallel algorithms. Sufficient conditions for the convergence of these algorithms are given.
Variation in development rate among clonal lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract The genetic basis of development rate was examined using clonal lines of rainbow trout produced by androgenesis. We examined development rate, as indicated by physiological time to hatch (°days), of four clonal lines of rainbow trout crossed to outbred females in three separate experiments. In the first experiment, the Swanson line, derived from an Alaskan population, displayed a significantly earlier physiological time to hatch than the Arlee line, derived from a domesticated rainbow trout ( P P =0.052). In the third experiment, the Swanson line had a significantly earlier physiological time to hatch than three other clonal lines ( P
Research Note: Plasma Uric Acid of Broiler Breeder and Leghorn Male Chickens: Effect of Feeding Time

Abstract Three trials were conducted to determine the effect of feeding time (meal-feeding) on plasma uric acid (PUA) levels of roosters. When sampling was done at various times postfeeding in two trials, PUA levels of broiler breeder males were highest at 2 h and lowest at 24 to 25 h postfeeding. In the third trial, meal-fed Leghorn males had the highest PUA levels at 2 h and lowest at 23.5 h postfeeding. Ad libitum-fed Leghorn males had a slow increase in PUA until 1100 h following lighting at 0500 h. The results suggest that feeding time in meal-fed birds and time of lighting in ad libitum-fed birds must be considered when determining PUA levels.
Electron-tube voltmeter concepts in the mid-frequency range

FROM TIME to time the AIEE sponsors papers of a tutorial nature designed to expound some phase of electrical engineering for the benefit of the general reader rather than for the specialist. This paper is of the tutorial type, treating some of the problems in electron tube voltmeter design and operation, without trying to be all inclusive. The term mid-frequency range is used to indicate that none of the effects which set the upper and lower frequency limits of the instruments are considered.
Herbivores alter the fitness benefits of a plant–rhizobium mutualism

Abstract Mutualisms are best understood from a community perspective, since third-party species have the potential to shift the costs and benefits in interspecific interactions. We manipulated plant genotypes, the presence of rhizobium mutualists, and the presence of a generalist herbivore and assessed the performance of all players in order to test whether antagonists might alter the fitness benefits of plant–rhizobium mutualism, and vice versa how mutualists might alter the fitness consequences of plant–herbivore antagonism. We found that plants in our experiment formed more associations with rhizobia (root nodules) in the presence of herbivores, thereby increasing the fitness benefits of mutualism for rhizobia. In contrast, the effects of rhizobia on herbivores were weak. Our data support a community-dependent view of these ecological interactions, and suggest that consideration of the aboveground herbivore community can inform ecological and evolutionary studies of legume–rhizobium interactions.
Stress and rearing of salmonids

Abstract Stress reduces the capacity of fish to maintain homeostasis and perform activities necessary for persistence, growth, and reproduction. The physiological response of salmonids to stress may affect physiological events associated with parr-smolt transformation. Stress may decrease the performance capacity of a smolt more than that of a parr, and hence have a more profound impact on the ability of migrants to cope with other environmental challenges.
Ethnicity, expressed emotion, and schizophrenia patients' perceptions of their family members' criticism

Expressed emotion is a widely researched construct. However, less is known about patients' own perceptions of their relatives' expressed emotion. Using a sample of 42 patient/family member dyads with schizophrenia, we examined the concordance between the number of criticisms expressed by relatives during the Camberwell Family Interview and patients' perceptions of how critical they perceived their relative to be. As predicted, white and Latino family members who expressed more criticism during the Camberwell Family Interview were indeed perceived as more critical by patients. Among blacks, however, no significant association was found between relatives' expressed criticism and patients' perceptions of their relatives' criticism. Findings from this study suggest that cultural/ethnic values may influence how criticism from relatives is perceived and experienced by patients.
Detection of nucleotides in positive-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using multiply-charged cationic ion-pairing reagents

Nucleotides are a class of molecules that play an essential role in biological systems. A new method has been developed in the detection of nucleotides. These molecules can exist as monomers or constituents of oligomers and polymers. As such, they carry from one to several negative charges. In this study, different cationic ion-pairing reagents were used to complex with each of the 28 nucleotide monomers and nucleotide containing compounds. By using this method, this discrete set of anions was able to be detected in the positive-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, as positively charged complexes. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments were also completed on the ion-pairing reagents that performed the best in the single ion monitoring (SIM) ion mode, and the sensitivity was lowered even further for most of the anions. Limits of detection for compounds such as thymidine diphosphate were improved as much as 100 times compared to the positive SIM mode, and 750 times when compared to the negative mode. A few nucleotides did not show a significant increase in sensitivity when analyzed in the positive ion mode, but in general the new method developed herein resulted in a much greater sensitivity than traditional detection in the negative mode.
Effect of adenosine on atrioventricular conduction in children and young patients with supraventricular tachycardia

Adenosine, when given as an intravenous bolus, has been shown to produce atrioventricular nodal block in humans. To examine the effect of adenosine on conduction across both accessory pathways and the atrioventricular node in children, we reviewed our experience with adenosine administered during both atrial and ventricular pacing in 42 patients with atrioventricular resting tachycardia and in eight patients with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Adenosine was administered as a mean bolus of 195 μg/kg/dose during both atrial and ventricular pacing, examining antegrade and retrograde conduction before and after radiofrequency ablation. In those patients with persistent or intermittent pre-excitation, anomalous ventricular activation was either unchanged (n=8) or increased (n=11). Retrograde conduction (either through the accessory pathway alone in three, or across both the accessory pathway and the atrioventricular node in 19) persisted in 92% of the 24 patients studied. Adenosine produced either first or third degree antegrade heart block in all patients studied without pre-excitation (those with either dual atrioventricular nodal pathways or concealed accessory pathways). Adenosine produced retrograde block in all of the eight patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. In contrast, retrograde conduction persisted in 82% (14/17) of patients with concealed accessory pathways (p=0.001). When used to examine retrograde conduction, adenosine was a sensitive (82%) and highly specific (producing retrograde atrioventricular block in all patients with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways) predictor of tachycardia supported by a concealed accessory pathway. Adenosine yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and a positive predictive value of 99.5% for the success of ablation of accessory pathways. These data indicate that the pattern of adenosine-induced changes in either antegrade or retrograde atrioventricular conduction, or conduction in both directions, in young patients with supraventricular tachycardia is related to the mechanism of the tachycardia. Adenosine, therefore, is a useful adjunct in the electrophysiologic evaluation of supraventricular tachycardia in children.
Pattern formation in reverse filtration combustion

Using a pore-network simulator we study pattern formation in reverse filtration combustion in porous media. The two-dimensional pore network includes all relevant pore-level mechanisms, including heat transfer through the pore space and the solid matrix, fluid and mass transfer through the pore space, and reaction kinetics of a solid fuel embedded in the pores. Both adiabatic and nonadiabatic cases are considered, the latter modeled with the inclusion of heat losses from the pore network to the ambient. The simulation results show the development of unstable, fingered patterns of the burned fuel, similar to previously reported in the literature in the related problem of reverse combustion in a Hele-Shaw cell. We study the sensitivity of the patterns obtained on a number of parameters, including the Peclet number. The results on finger spacing and finger width are analyzed in terms of a selection principle, similar to that used in the theory for unstable Laplacian growth.
Internal hydrogen embrittlement of uranium-5.7 niobium alloy

Abstract Internal hydrogen embrittlement of α''-U-5.7Nb alloy appears as an enhanced microvoid coalescence fracture mode and a loss in tensile ductility for hydrogen concentrations below 23 μg/g in specimens that were prepared using an 800°C solution anneal and a very rapid water quench. Specimens prepared with 36 μg/g hydrogen contents demonstrated much lower ductilities. These specimens also contained a new phase that may be a hydride phase and is associated with the brittle, transgranular failure observed when this ‘hydride’ phase is present with a lenticular morphology extending well across the parent metal grains.
Terminal chaos for information processing in neurodynamics

New nonlinear phenomenon -- terminal chaos caused by failure of the Lipschitz condition at equilibrium points of dynamical systems is introduced. It is shown that terminal chaos has a well organized probabilistic structure which can be predicted and controlled. This gives an opportunity to exploit this phenomenon for information processing. It appears that chaotic states of neurons activity are associated with higher level of cognitive processes such as generalization and abstraction.
ABCB4 and losing control of cholesterol excretion: indications from an animal model

“The role of ABCB4 in hepatobiliary diseases in humans is well documented, but its role in dietary responsiveness in humans remains to be investigated.”
Lamotrigine-Induced Tic Disorder: Report of Five Pediatric Cases

Summary: Purpose: To describe the clinical spectrum of lamotrigine (LTG)-induced tics (an uncommon side effect) in children. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients from our hospital-based practice who developed tics while on LTG. Data obtained from medical records, interviews with parents, video-EEGs, and homemade videotapes. Results: Three males and two females (range, 2.5–12 years; mean, 6.9 years) developed a movement disorder within the first 10 months of therapy (maintenance doses, 4–17 mg/kg/day). Four patients exhibited simple motor tics; one patient experienced mostly vocal (i.e., gasping sounds) tics. Laryngo-scopic evaluation of one 2.5-year-old with repetitive gasping sounds was normal. In three cases, tics resolved completely within 1 month of drug cessation; tics recurred in two of these patients after reintroduction of LTG. A fourth patient experienced gradual improvement after stopping LTG over 4 months; the fifth patient's simple motor tics improved spontaneously with a reduction in medication. None of the patients had clinical features of a neurodegenerative disorder, and none met diagnostic criteria for Tourette syndrome. Two patients, however, had a diagnosis of acquired epileptic aphasia syndrome, and one patient had nonprogressive expressive and receptive language dysfunction. A fourth patient had global static encephalopathy, and the fifth patient had only attentional problems. In all patients, tics were not associated with ictal EEG changes. Conclusions: LTG may infrequently induce simple motor tics, vocal tics, or both. Patients with severe language dysfunction may be particularly susceptible to this uncommon side effect. Further studies are necessary to clarify the population at risk.
Improved Outcome After Coronary Bypass Surgery in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Residual Myocardial Viability

Background Although residual myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease and extensive regional asynergy is associated with improved ventricular function after coronary bypass surgery, the relationship between viability and clinical outcome after surgery is unclear. We hypothesized that patients with poor ventricular function and predominantly viable myocardium have a better outcome after bypass surgery compared with those with less viability. Methods and Results Seventy patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fractions 201 Tl scintigraphy before coronary bypass surgery were analyzed retrospectively. 201 Tl scintigrams were reviewed blindly, and each segment was assigned a score based on defect magnitude. Segmental viability scores were summed and divided by the number of segments visualized to determine a viability index. The viability index was significantly related to 3-year survival free of cardiac event (cardiac death or heart transplant) after bypass surgery ( P =.011) and was independent of age, ejection fraction, and number of diseased coronary vessels. Patients with greater viability (group 1; viability index >0.67; n=33) were similar to patients with less viability (group 2; viability index ≤0.67; n=37) with respect to age, comorbidities, and extent of coronary artery disease. There were 6 cardiac deaths and no heart transplants in group 1 patients and 15 cardiac deaths and two transplants in group 2 patients. Survival free of cardiac death or transplantation was significantly better in group 1 patients on Kaplan-Meier analysis ( P =.018). Conclusions We conclude that resting 201 Tl scintigraphy may be useful in preoperative risk stratification for identification of patients more likely to benefit from surgical revascularization.
Acute Respiratory Disease Hospitalizations During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemics † 734

Acute Respiratory Disease Hospitalizations During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemics † 734
The conductor of the autonomic orchestra.

Abstract Bad Bedfellows - Autonomic Dysfunction, Inflammation and Diabetes! Are they related? How? Evidence suggests the activation of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNFα in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes and that the inflammatory change correlates with abnormalities in sympatho-vagal balance. Dysfunction of the autonomic system predicts cardiovascular risk and sudden death in patients with type 2 diabetes. It occurs in prediabetes, providing opportunities for early intervention. The importance of recognizing autonomic dysfunction as a predictor of morbidity and mortality with intensification of treatment suggests that all patients with type 2 diabetes at onset, and those with type 1 diabetes after five years should be screened for autonomic imbalance. These tests can be performed at the bedside with real time output of information - within the scope of the practicing physician - facilitates diagnosis and allows the application of sound strategies for management. The window of opportunity for aggressive control of all the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events or sudden death with intensification of therapy is with short duration diabetes, the absence of cardiovascular disease and a history of severe hypoglycemic events. To this list we can now add autonomic dysfunction and neuropathy, which have become the most powerful predictors of risk for mortality. It seems prudent that practitioners should be encouraged to become familiar with this information and apply risk stratification in clinical practice. After all, how difficult is it to ask patients “do you have numb feet?” and to determine their HRV – it could be lifesaving. Ultimately methods to reset the hypothalamus and the inflammatory cascade are needed if we are to impact the care of patients with this compendium of conditions.
MODIFICATION OF RADIATION RESPONSE

Response modifiers have been defined and several examples of modification of response of tissues of laboratory animals or of theoretical models were presented. I have reviewed several efforts to assess the clinical value of serveral of the radiation response modifiers and described some major problems. A major and quantitatively undefined problem for clinical testing of response modifiers is the heterogeneity of clinical material. An area of laboratory and clinical investigation which has large potential is examination for indicators of response probability so as to identify individual patients who are likely to benefit by application of particular radiation response modifiers. There is a need for clinical trials to determine if the results of Henk and associates can be verified. Had Henk been able to publish such results in 1962 instead of 1977, it is virtually certain there would have been considerable effort to verify his results and to investigate numerous other sites. Further, there would have been greater stimulus to the laboratory to provide means to stratify patients according to evidence of hypoxic regions or failure to reoxygenate. Also efforts would have been made to increase the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen, e.g., suppression of oxygen utilization. The disappointing results from studies with misonidazole should not discourage the testing of new sensitizers of hypoxic cells provided they can be administered at drug doses which achieve substantially higher ER values. New trials of the pyrimidine analogs against tumor which are surrounded by slowly or non-dividing normal tissue appear appropriate. Emphasis was placed on the practical clinical value of radiation protectors which can be applied topically or administered regionally.
A Brief History Of The Los Alamos Laser Programs

The laser programs at Los Alamos began in 1969 to investigate the feasibility of laser-induced fusion. However, within a year they had been expanded to include a number of other applications including laser isotope separation. These programs now compose a substantial part of the Laboratory's research programs.
Kostant's formula for Kac-Moody Lie algebras

Abstract This paper is a generalization of H. Garland and J. Lepowsky's paper of 1976. Let g(A) be the Kac-Moody Lie algebra defined by a symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix A, M(λ) the irreducible highest weight module of g(A) with a dominant integral highest weight λ Kostant's homology and cohomology formulas for the Lie algebra g(A) and the module M(λ) are proved without assuming that the reductive part of the parabolic subalgebra of g(A) is of finite type. A resolution of Mλ is constructed. For any j, the jth term of the resolution has a filtration such that all the factors of the filtration are generalized Verma modules of the form Vm(w(λ + p)−p) where w ranges over a certain subset of the Weyl group of g(A).
Groups with all subgroups permutable or of finite rank

In this paper we investigate the structure of X-groups in which every subgroup is permutable or of finite rank. We show that every subgroup of such a group is permutable.
The carboxy-terminal 30 amino acids of GAL4 are recognized by GAL80

In wild-type yeast the action of the transcriptional activator GAL4 is inhibited by GAL80, and galactose relieves this inhibition. We show that deletion mutants of GAL4 lacking 30 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus activate transcription constitutively, whereas other deletion mutants bearing the carboxy-terminal 30 amino acids are inhibited by GAL80. Moreover, GAL4 fragments bearing these 30 amino acids, when expressed from a strong promoter on multicopy plasmids, free the endogenous GAL4 from inhibition by GAL80. These and other results suggest that GAL80 recognizes the carboxy-terminal 30 amino acids of GAL4, forming a complex that, though bound to DNA, does not activate transcription.