cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exact solutions and low-frequency instability of the adiabatic auroral arc model

The adiabatic auroral arc model couples a kinetic theory parallel current driven by mirror forces to horizontal ionospheric currents; the resulting equations are nonlinear. Some exact stationary solutions to these equations, some of them based on the Liouville equation, are developed, with both latitudinal and longitudinal spatial variations. These Liouville equation exact solutions are related to stability boundaries of low-frequency instabilities such as Kelvin-Helmholtz, as shown by a study of a simplified model.
Epistatic Selection in a Multi-locus Levene Model and Implications for Linkage Disequilibrium

Abstract We analyze a multiple-locus extension of the Levene (1953) model of population subdivision. We show that stable or quasistable linkage disequilibrium between two selected loci can be maintained even with free recombination, provided that there is a strong enough epistatic interaction. We then consider the dynamics of a third neutral locus and show that its approach to linkage equilibrium depends on the recombination rates and the selection intensities. There is an embedding or hitchhiking effect that extends the time during which a neutral locus which is closely linked to one of the selected loci remains in disequilibrium with both selected loci. Therefore, strong disequilibrium between two loci does not necessarily indicate that those loci are themselves selected, but it does indicate that there is strong selection acting at least on nearby loci. This property implies a warning that screening for linkage disequilibrium as a tool to identify functionally important sites in a genome can be misleading.
Differences in K+ current components in mesenteric artery myocytes from WKY and SHR.

Abstract Previous studies have documented increased K + permeability of arterial smooth muscle in hypertension and suggested a role in altered arterial contractile function. To characterize the mechanisms responsible for these alterations, we determined the contribution of K + current (I K ) components to whole cell I K in freshly dispersed myocytes and tetraethylammonium (TEA)-induced contractile responses in mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Tetraethylammonium produced a larger tonic contractile response in SHR with a lower threshold compared to WKY (ie, 0.1 v 1 mmol/L), which was due in part to the larger Ca 2+ current in SHR. Whole cell I K recorded by perforated patch methods was similar at a holding potential (HP) of −60 mV (I K60 ), but were larger in SHR when recorded from a HP of −20 mV (I K20 ). The selective blocker iberiotoxin (IbTX) was used to separate the contribution of voltage- (K V ) and calcium-dependent (K Ca ) components of I K60 . The I K60 and I K20 component inhibited by 100 nmol/L IbTX (ie, K Ca ) was larger in SHR than in WKY myocytes, whereas the IbTX-insensitive I K60 component (ie, K V ) was larger in WKY. In the presence of IbTX, 1 and 10 mmol/L TEA inhibited a larger fraction of I K60 in SHR myocytes compared with WKY. The activation properties of the TEA-sensitive and TEA-insensitive K V components determined by fitting a Boltzmann activation function to the current-voltage data, exhibited both group and treatment differences in the half maximal activation voltage (V 0.5 ). The V 0.5 of the TEA-sensitive K V component was more positive than that of the TEA-insensitive component in both groups, and values for the V 0.5 of both TEA-sensitive and TEA-insensitive components were more negative in SHR than WKY. These results show that SHR myocytes have larger K Ca and smaller K V current components compared with WKY. Furthermore, SHR myocytes have a larger TEA-sensitive K V component. These differences may contribute to the differences in TEA contractions, resting membrane potential, Ca 2+ influx, and K Ca current reported in hypertensive arteries.
The effect of preoperative biliary stenting on postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Abstract Background Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in jaundiced patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy remains controversial. Methods Patients presenting with obstructive jaundice who subsequently underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy from January 1996 to June 2002 were included in the study (n = 212). Patients with preoperative biliary stents (n = 154) were compared with patients without preoperative drainage (n = 58). Results Patients in the stented group required a longer operative time (mean 6.8 hours versus 6.5 hours) and had greater intraoperative blood loss (mean 1207 mL versus 1122 mL) compared with the unstented group, (P = 0.046 and 0.018). No differences were found with respect to operative mortality (2%), incidence of pancreatic fistula (10% versus 14%), or intraabdominal abscess (7% versus 5%). Wound infection occurred more often in the stented group (8% versus 0%, P = 0.039). Conclusions PBD was associated with increased operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of wound infection. Although PBD did not increase major postoperative morbidity and mortality, it should be used selectively in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Management of hyperactive children through correspondence training procedures: A preliminary study

This study examined the clinical effects of correspondence training procedures in the management of three hyperactive boys between the ages of seven and 10 years. Two subjects were intervened with the “reinforcement of corresponding reports” procedure: reports about the inhibition of hyperactivity (inattention and overactivity) were reinforced only if they corresponded with the actual inhibition of hyperactivity. The “reinforcement set up contingent upon promises” procedure was used with the third subject: the reinforcer was set up (or displayed) contingent on the patient's promises about the inhibition of hyperactivity in the immediate future, and delivered contingent upon fulfillment of the promise (actual inhibition of hyperactivity). These interventions were programmed in a multipie baseline design across two subjects and a multiple baseline design across two behaviors. A changing-criterion design was also used with all subjects: the nonoccurrence of hyperactivity had to be observed across a pre-established criterion level for the actual delivery of the reinforcer. Consistently higher levels of correspondence occurred during treatment, relative to baseline observations. The results also demonstrated the generalization and maintenance of treatment effects. The use of correspondence training as a potential alternative in the development of hyperactive children's self-control is discussed.
Particle-fluorescence spectrometer for real-time single-particle measurements of atmospheric organic carbon and biological aerosol.

A particle-fluorescence spectrometer (PFS) for real-time measurements of single-particle UV-laser-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) excited with a pulsed (263-nm) laser is reported. The dispersed UV-LI...
Runway performance as a function of the schedule and magnitude of water reward

Sixty rats were trained in a runway for 42 days of acquisition and 15 days of extinction at the rate of one trial a day. Half of the animals received a 50% partial reinforcement (PR) schedule and half received a 100% reinforcement schedule (CRF). For one-third of the rats within each schedule the magnitude of water reward was.1,.4, or.8 ml. Persistence during extinction was an increasing function of reward magnitude for the PR animals, but a decreasing function of reward magnitude for the CRF animals. A partial reinforcement extinction effect was observed with the medium and large reward but not with the smallest reward. These data are consistent with the literature dealing with food reward.
Microcomputer-based modeling and simulation

Abstract Modeling and simulation using digital computers is a favorite tool of operations researchers. While it has been used extensively on large computers, simulation on small computers is still in its infancy. This paper takes a look at the state of microcomputer-based simulation and presents a Pascal-based generalized simulation language and statistical support software, Pasmap , which has been developed to facilitate computer simulation on 16-bit microcomputer systems. Pasmap is a compact, portable, event-oriented simulation language which allows discrete-event, continuous, and state-event modeling, as well as specialized statistical analysis. It is a full-fledged attempt to transport Gasp-iv/Simscript-ii.5/Slam -like simulation technology to microcomputer users.
Cytochalasin inhibition of isolated rat gastric parietal cell function

Submicrogram concentrations (0.04-0.29 microM) of the microfilament disrupting agents cytochalasins D, E, and B (CD, CE, CB) were shown to inhibit secretagogue-stimulated 14C-aminopyrine accumulation (AP) in isolated rat gastric mucosal parietal cells. The microtubule disrupting agent colchicine had little influence on AP accumulation. Histamine- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DbcAMP)-stimulated AP accumulation was inhibited with an order of potency CD greater than CE approximately equal to CB. CB inhibition of these secretagogue actions was, however, only approximately 65-70% of the maximal stimulated response, whereas CD and CE caused 100% inhibition. On the other hand, carbamylcholine-stimulated AP accumulation was inhibited 100% by all cytochalasins tested with an order of potency CD approximately equal to CE greater than CB. These data are discussed in relation to acid secretagogue-induced morphological changes involving actin filament organization in parietal cells.
Surface damage in machining titanium 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of cutting speed and tool wear and length on the surface damage produced during orthogonal machining of titanium 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy under dry unlubricated and lubricated conditions. Cutting speeds ranging from 20 to 160 ft min−1 (10 to 80 cm sec−1) lengths ranging from 0.000 to 0.02 in (0.051 cm) were used. Key-cut-keystone which is a highly chlorinated water-soluble oil was used as the lubricant. The results of the investigation show that the damage in the surface due to machining consists of a wide variety of defects such as chatter marks, long straight grooves, cavities, macro- and microcracks, and severe plastic deformation, etc. The severity of the damage decreases with an increase in the cutting speed and tool wearland length. The presence of lubricant in the cutting region resulted in a surface of extremely high integrity.
Spectral sensitivity of human infants at absolute visual threshold.

Abstract The forced-choice preferential looking technique (FPL) was used in conjunction with an infrared TV viewing system to measure the dark-adapted visual sensitivity of human infants at 1 and 3 months of age. Absolute thresholds of 1-month olds were about 50 times higher than adults, and those of 3-month olds were about 10 times higher. Spectral sensitivity at 1 month matched the CIE scotopic luminosity function at wavelengths longer than 430 nm; at wavelengths shorter than 430 nm there was an elevation in sensitivity, but it was not statistically significant. Spectral sensitivity at 3 months matched the CIE scotopic luminosity function at all wavelengths. We conclude that rods in the eyes of human infants contain rhodopsin by 1 month of age; that the scotopic system is functional and more sensitive than any cone system by 1 month of age; and that even in very young infants a single quantal absorption may be sufficient to generate a behaviorally meaningful signal in a rod photoreceptor.
A filamentous microorganism isolated from periodontal plaque in Hamsters. 1. Isolation, morphology and general cultural characteristics

A description of the isolation, morphology, and general cultural characteristics of an organism isolated primarily from plaques from the oral cavity of hamsters with periodontal disease is presented. It is based on a study of 167 isolates from 30 of 48 animals cultured, with positive cultures obtained from three of the four strains of hamsters sampled. The organism is gram positive, non-acid-fast, branching, filamentous, and essentially aerobic, although it grows well under microaerophilic conditions, requiring CO2 for good growth on most artificial media. It is closely related to, but distinct from, Nocardia dentocariosus (Onisi) Roth and/or Nocardia salivae Davis & Freer, but quite unlike Nocardia asteroides (Nocardia farcinica), the type species of the genus Nocardia. Rough filamentous colonies were found to dissociate readily into smooth diphtheroid colonies on serial transfer in the same medium. This dissociation could be controlled by careful selection of rough colonies combined with an alternation ...
Effects of Mental Practice and Modeling on Guitar and Vocal Performance

Abstract The effectiveness of various mental practice regimens in music performance was compared. Guitarists and vocalists who were college-level music majors learned short musical excerpts under four conditions: (a) continuous physical practice; (b) mental practice alternating with physical practice; (c) mental practice with a modeled recording of the music alternating with physical practice; and (d) a motivational control activity alternating with physical practice. Performances with the score and by memory were rated on various musical dimensions. Mental practice with a model resulted in superior performance on a number of dimensions for vocalists and on tonal quality and memory coding for guitarists. For guitarists, mental practice (without a model) and continuous physical practice also produced greater pitch accuracy than the control condition did. It was concluded that mental practice may facilitate cognitive coding and help to create optimal levels of attentional focus and arousal.
Scanning Electron Microscope Fractography of Induced Fatigue-Damaged Saline Breast Implants

Breast implant strength and durability is presently an important topic in biomaterials science. Research studies are being conducted to determine the mechanisms and rates of failure in order to assess the in vivo performance of breast implants. Fatigue life is a measure of breast implant durability since fatigue failure is a potential in vivo failure mechanism. This study describes the characterization of the fracture surface morphology of breast implant shell regions that have failed due to cyclic fatigue. Saline breast implants were fatigue tested to failure using a laboratory apparatus in which flat plates cyclically compressed the implants. The implants were unimplanted control devices of both textured and smooth saline implants. The failure surfaces of the fatigued shells were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological features of the failure surfaces are described for implants with short and long fatigue lifetimes. The details of both the inside and outside surfaces of the shell at the failure location are described. Two different modes of failure were observed in both the textured and smooth shells. These modes depend on the magnitude of the cyclic load and corresponding number of fatigue cycles at failure. The first mode is a tear in the shell of about 18 mm in length, and the second mode is a pinhole approximately 1 mm in diameter. Details of the surface morphology for these two types of failure modes and shell thickness data are presented herein. There was no significant change in the crosslink density of the shell as a result of fatigue.
Relative susceptibility of cytoskeleton-associated and soluble neurofilament subunits to aluminum exposure in intact cells. A possible mechanism for reduction of neurofilament axonal transport during aluminum neurotoxicity.

Previous studies have demonstrated the appearance of phosphorylated neurofilament (NF) subunits within perikaryal cytoskeletons following aluminum exposure. In order to examine the mechanisms leading to this altered distribution of NF subunits, we carried out biochemical analyses of NF subunits in Triton-insoluble and-soluble fractions derived from aluminum-treated NB2a/d1 cells. In addition to increases in the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton, increases in all three NF subunits were also detected within the Triton-soluble fraction of aluminum-treated cells. To address the nature of this increase in Triton-soluble subunits, aluminum-treated and untreated cultures were harvested in the absence of Triton and fractionated by established procedures to yield fractions greatly enriched for perikarya and neurites, respectively. Each of these subcellular fractions was then subjected to further homogenization in the presence of 1% Triton and centrifugation to yield Triton-insoluble cytoskeletons and Triton-soluble material derived from perikarya and axonal neurites, respectively. Resulting Triton-soluble fractions were “clarified” by high-speed centrifugation to eliminate oligomeric assemblies or soluble neurofilaments. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated quantitative recovery of the aluminum-induced increase in Triton-soluble NF subunits in the perikaryal fraction. Additional aluminum-treated and untreated cultures were pulse-chase radiolabeled with [35S]methionine and fractionated into Triton-insoluble and soluble fractions from isolated perikarya and axonal neurites. Autoradiographic analysis of immunoprecipitated NF subunits revealed that aluminum treatment delayed the translocation of newly synthesized subunits into neurites and resulted in the accumulation of radiolabeled subunits within the Triton-soluble fraction of perikarya. These findings suggest that aluminum may exert a relatively greater effect on NF subunits that have not yet undergone axonal transport and/or incorporation into Triton-insoluble structures vs those that have already deposited into axons. This possibility was supported by the observation that a higher concentration of aluminum was required to alter the electrophoretic migration of in vitro reassembled neurofilaments vs that required for unassembled NF subunits. These findings provide possible mechanisms for the accumulation of NF subunits in perikarya during aluminum intoxication.
Interviews with Australian nursing home managers reveal that various factors are associated with the decision to transfer a resident to hospital, including two factors not identified in previous research: advance care planning and support from local health services.

Commentary on: C Shanley, E Whitmore, D Conforti, et al.. Decisions about transferring nursing home residents to hospital: highlighting the roles of advance care planning and support from local hospital and community health services.J Clin Nurs2011;20:2897–906.
Pressure‐Temperature Phase Diagram of Zirconia

The pressure-temperature phase diagram of zirconia was determined by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques using a diamond anvil pressure cell. At room temperature, monoclinic ZrO/sub 2/ transforms to a tetragonal phase (tII) which is related to the high-temperature tetragonal structure (tI). The transformation pressure exhibits hysteresis and is cycle dependent. At room temperature, the initial transformation pressure for the monoclinic-tII transition on a virgin monoclinic crystal can be as high as 4.4 GPa; on subsequent cycling the transition pressure ultimately lowers to 3.29 + or 0.06 GPa. The pressure for the reverse transition is essentially constant at 2.75 + or - 0.06 GPa. At pressures > 16.6 GPa, the tII form transforms to the orthorhombic cotunnite (PbCl/sub 2/) structure. With increasing temperature, the tII form transforms to the high-temperature tetragonal phase. For increasing P and T, the monoclinic-tI-tII triple point is located at T = 596/sup 0/ + or - 18/sup 0/C and P = 2.26 + or - 0.28 GPa, whereas for decreasing P and T, the triple point is found at T = 535/sup 0/ + or - 25/sup 0/C and P = 1.7 + or - 0.28 GPa.
Amelioration of Muscular Dystrophy by Transgenic Expression of Niemann-Pick C1

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and other types of muscular dystrophies are caused by the loss or alteration of different members of the dystrophin protein complex. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which dystrophin-associated protein abnormalities contribute to the onset of muscular dystrophy may identify new therapeutic approaches to these human disorders. By examining gene expression alterations in mouse skeletal muscle lacking alpha-dystrobrevin (Dtna(-/-)), we identified a highly significant reduction of the cholesterol trafficking protein, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Mutations in NPC1 cause a progressive neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disorder. Transgenic expression of NPC1 in skeletal muscle ameliorates muscular dystrophy in the Dtna(-/-) mouse (which has a relatively mild dystrophic phenotype) and in the mdx mouse, a model for DMD. These results identify a new compensatory gene for muscular dystrophy and reveal a potential new therapeutic target for DMD.
The Missing Link: Bridging The Patient–Provider Health Information Gap

Widespread adoption of information technology is now regarded as a pathway to improving health care and achieving the Institute of Medicine’s highly regarded six aims for redesigning care. Achievin...
Distribution of polymer chain lengths inside a spherical volume: Solution in terms of a diffusion problem

The probability W(t) that a given number t of segments of an infinite chain lie within a given sphere can be expressed in terms of the single-pass length probability and the probability of reentrance into the sphere. The problem of calculating these two probabilities is equivalent to that of a diffusing particle exiting or entering the sphere after a given time, when the surface of the sphere is an absorbing wall. It is shown that the boundary condition, c = 0, usually applied to an absorbing surface cannot be used for the present purpose. The boundary condition used instead is the so-called radiation condition ∂c/∂z = kc; it is shown that when k approaches infinity the final answer for W(t), which is given in the form of an infinite series, approaches the correct limit. In this same limit the ratio 〈t〉2/〈t〉2 has the value 2.4
The Combined Atmospheric Photochemistry and Ion Tracing code: Reproducing the Viking Lander results and initial outflow results

Abstract A Combined Atmospheric Photochemistry and Ion Tracing code (CAPIT) has been developed to explore ion loss into space at Mars. The CAPIT code includes the major photochemical reactions of Mars’ ionosphere, ion tracing in the presence of magnetic fields, and plasma wave heating of ions. In particular, we examine whether O + escape from the day-side ionosphere is limited by ion production (UV input) or by external energy input to the ions. To verify the code, it is demonstrated that the CAPIT solutions reproduce the Viking 1 Lander’s ion density and temperature profiles. Using Viking 1 Lander conditions as a baseline, ion outflow rates are examined as function of solar wind energy input via plasma waves and UV ionization rates. The O + outflow rates predicted by the simulation are comparable to the outflow rates estimated by observation. The results indicate that plasma waves are a viable source of energy to O + ions and suggest that present-day O + outflow rates at Mars are source limited by photochemical production (UV input) during periods of strong energy input (plasma wave activity), but otherwise regulated by both UV input and energy input. These results imply that ion heating by plasma waves can influence the present-day loss of O + .
Pipelined Parallel LZSS for Streaming Data Compression on GPGPUs

In this paper, we present an algorithm and provide design improvements needed to port the serial Lempel-Ziv-Storer-Szymanski (LZSS), lossless data compression algorithm, to a parallelized version suitable for general purpose graphic processor units (GPGPU), specifically for NVIDIA's CUDA Framework. The two main stages of the algorithm, substring matching and encoding, are studied in detail to fit into the GPU architecture. We conducted detailed analysis of our performance results and compared them to serial and parallel CPU implementations of LZSS algorithm. We also benchmarked our algorithm in comparison with well known, widely used programs, GZIP and ZLIB. We achieved up to 34x better throughput than the serial CPU implementation of LZSS algorithm and up to 2.21x better than the parallelized version.
Breadth of glass transition temperature in styrene/acrylic acid block, random, and gradient copolymers: Unusual sequence distribution effects

Block, random, and gradient copolymers of styrene (S) and acrylic acid (AA) are synthesized by conventional or controlled radical polymerization, and their glass transition temperature (Tg) behaviors are compared. The location and breadth of the Tgs are determined using derivatives of differential scanning calorimetry heating curves. Each S/AA random copolymer exhibits one narrow Tg, consistent with a single phase of limited compositional nanoheterogeneity. Block copolymers exhibit two narrow Tgs originating from nanophase separation into ordered domains with nearly pure S or nearly pure AA repeat units. Each gradient copolymer exhibits a Tg response with a ∼50–56 °C breadth that extends beyond the upper Tg of the block copolymers. For copolymers of similar composition, the maximum value in the gradient copolymer Tg response is consistent with that of a random copolymer, which has an enhanced Tg relative to poly(acrylic acid) due to more effective hydrogen bonding when AA units are separated along the chain backbone by S units. These results indicate that gradient copolymers with ordered nanostructures can be rationally designed, which exhibit broad glass transitions that extend to higher temperature than the Tgs observed with block copolymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2842–2849, 2007
Dynamic contributions to superior shoulder stability

It has been suggested that superior decentralization of the humeral head is a mechanical factor in the etiology of degenerative rotator cuff tears. This superior decentralization may be caused by muscular imbalance. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of individual shoulder muscles to superior stability of the glenohumeral joint. In 10 fresh frozen cadaver shoulders the tendons of the rotator cuff, teres major, latissimus, pectoralis major, deltoid and biceps were prepared. The shoulders were tested in a shoulder-loading device in 0 degrees, 30degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees of glenohumeral abduction. A constant superior force of 20 N was applied to the humerus. Tensile loads were applied sequentially to the tendons in proportion to their cross-sectional areas and translations of the humeral head relative to the glenoid were recorded with a 3Space Fastrak system. Depression of the humeral head was most effectively achieved by the latissimus (5.6 +/- 2.2 mm) and the teres major (5.1 +/- 2.0 mm). Further studies should elucidate their possible in vivo role in the frontal plane force couple to counter balance the deltoid. The infraspinatus (4.6 +/- 2.0 mm) and subscapularis (4.7 +/- 1.9 mm) showed similar effects while the supraspinatus (2.0 +/- 1.4 mm) was less effective in depression. Therefore, the infraspinatus and subscapularis should be surgically repaired whenever possible. The supraspinatus may be of less importance for superior stability than previously assumed.
Improved Isotope Tagging Detection Procedures for Synthetic Fibers Using the LEPD Detector

A new type of nuclear detector known as a low-energy photon detector (LEPD) has been developed by the nuclear industry which will enable textile firms to optimize the technique of neutron activatior analysis as applied to the tagging of synthetic textile monofilaments with rare earths and other elements. The sensitivity and resolution of the LEPD shows that, under various parameters, europium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dyprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium, lutetium, and palladium all are excellent textile tagging possibilities.
Prostate-specific antigen: an overlooked candidate for the targeted treatment and selective imaging of prostate cancer

The role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) as a biomarker for prostate cancer is well known; however, the precise physiological role of it's serine protease activity in prostate cancer remains a mystery. PSA is produced at high levels by both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancers. Studies have documented high levels of active PSA in the milieu surrounding osseous and soft tissue metastases. This evidence, coupled with growing experimental evidence, suggests that PSA plays an important role in the pathobiology of prostate cancer. These observations support the development of PSA-selective inhibitors as useful tools for the targeted treatment and imaging of prostate cancer. Here, we review the research that has been conducted to date on developing selective inhibitors for PSA. The different approaches used to determine PSA substrate specificity and for creating inhibitors are discussed. In addition, the unique active site characteristics of PSA and how these motifs aided our research in developing PSA targeted agents are highlighted.
Severity of renal vascular disease predicts mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography

of coronary artery disease, the presence of comorbid disease, reduced ejection fraction, symptoms of congestive cardiac fail- We have previously studied the prevalence of RAS ure, and the mode of treatment of coronary artery disease. In using an abdominal aortogram at the time of coronary the multivariate model, the presence of RAS conferred a haz- angiography, with RAS being defined as a 50% or greater ard ratio of 2.01 (95% CI, 1.51 to 2.67, P 0.001). We demonluminal narrowing [5, 9]. Our previous studies have destrated an incremental effect on mortality according to the severity of RAS at baseline. Four-year adjusted survival for fined the presence of RAS as a luminal narrowing of patients with 50%, 75%, and 95% stenosis was 70%, 68%, 50% or greater on abdominal aortography. We have now and 48%, respectively. In addition, bilateral disease was associ- extended these observations to include a larger patient ated with four-year survival of 47% as compared with 59% for population and employed the more rigorous definition patients with unilateral disease (P 0.001). The impact of of RAS of 75% luminal narrowing on aortography. In RAS on survival remained robust regardless of the manner of treatment of coronary artery disease [that is, medical, percuta- addition, patients were stratified as to their treatment of neous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), or coronary coronary artery disease (CAD). artery bypass graft (CABG)]. Conclusions. In this patient population, the presence of RAS is a strong independent predictor of mortality. Increasing severity METHODS of RAS has an incremental effect on survival probability. Patient population Over the course of 78 months, 7758 patients underwent
Conflict Resolution: A Case Study about Academic Librarians and Faculty Status

The University of Oklahoma librarians underwent a dramatic challenge to their faculty status in the 1990s. This article chronicles that challenge and documents the events that led to the retention of faculty status by the librarians. The event is analyzed in the context of conflict resolution research. Conclusions suggest that a strong sense of service may help to unify academic librarians in future conflicts about their ambiguous status within the broader academic community. Third-party intervention and alternative options are also strategies discussed.
Carbohydrate Recognition, Cell Interactions, and Vertebrate Neural Development

The formation of selective connections between distinct subsets of neurons is a critical step in the generation of functional neural circuits. During embryogenesis, several sequential steps contribute to the final pattern of neural connectivity. First, the differential adhesive properties of neural and nonneural epithelial cells result in the segregation and shaping of early neural tissues. The establishment of basic morphological features is accompanied by the migration of neuroblasts and their differentiation into distinct subsets of neurons. The axons of differentiated neurons then project to their prospective cellular targets under the influence of a series of diffusible cell surface and matrix-associated guidance cues. Axonal growth cones then appear to recognize and select appropriate cellular targets with which to form stable contacts. Each of these developmental steps is dependent on a precisely coordinated program of intercellular recognition.
Drainage of Brain Extracellular Fluid into Blood and Deep Cervical Lymph and its Immunological Significance

Cerebral extracellular fluids drain from brain to blood across the arachnoid villi and to lymph along certain cranial nerves (primarily olfactory) and spinal nerve root ganglia. Quantification of the connection to lymph in rabbit, cat and sheep, using radiolabeled albumin as a marker of flow, indicates that a minimum of 14 to 47% of protein injected into different regions of brain or cerebrospinal fluid passes through lymph. The magnitude of the outflow to lymph is at variance with the general assumption that the absence of conventional lymphatics from the brain interrupts the afferent arm of the immune response to brain antigens. The immune response to antigens (albumin or myelin basic protein) introduced into the central nervous system (CNS) has been analysed using a rat model with normal brain barrier permeability. The micro-injection of antigen into brain or cerebrospinal fluid elicits a humoral immune response, with antibody production in cervical lymph nodes and spleen, and also affects cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, antigen may be more immunogenic when administered into the CNS than into conventional extracerebral sites. Clearly, the afferent arm of the immune response to antigens, within the CNS, is intact. Modern studies suggest that the efferent arm is also intact with passage of activated lymphocytes into the brain. Results support a new view of CNS immunology which incorporates continuous and highly regulated communication between the brain and the immune system in both health and disease.
Writing as a technology of the self in Kierkegaard and Foucault

Escriure es un important mitja amb el qual podem actuar sobre nosaltres mateixos. Tanmateix, com a “tecnologia del jo”, l'escriptura ha canviat substancialment en el temps durant la historia europea. Aquest assaig esbossa algunes de les caracteristiques mes rellevants de l'escriptura com a tecnologia del jo per als contemporanis de Plato, per als primers pares de l'esglesia i per a Pere Abelard. Els canvis exemplificats en l'escriptura confessional d'Abelard varen esdevenir la plataforma per a l'escriptura com una tecnologia del jo en la modernitat europea. Les caracteristiques de l'escriprura de la modernirat en tant que tecnologia del jo son examinades arnb cert detall en l'obra de Kierkegaard, parricularment en rclacio amb els seus escrits estetics i el seu us de multiples veus narratives. Els usos Kierkegaardians dc l'escriptura son comparats i contrastats amb els de Baudelaire i Foucault.
Subcortical Modulation of High-Frequency (Gamma Band) Oscillating Potentials in Auditory Cortex

Brett, Barbara and Daniel S. Barth. Subcortical modulation of high-frequency (gamma band) oscillating potentials in auditory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 573–581, 1997. The purpose of this study wa...
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

The disease that was formerly termed idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), is becoming far better understood, so much so that the same acronym has been reworked, to mean immune thrombocytopenia. Recent progress using murine models of the disease has shed new insights into the mechanisms of platelet destruction (both B and T cell mediated), and have lead to a growing appreciation that megakaryopoiesis is impaired in the disease. It is also clear that novel approaches to therapy are upon us. For example, while 1 mg/kg of prednisone was standard of care for decades, high doses of dexamethasone are being appreciated as a potentially disease modifying treatment. While many (or most) patients will respond to glucocorticoid therapy, most relapse once the drug is discontinued. In contrast, while anti-B cell antibody therapy does not yield as high an initial response rate as glucocorticoids, when they do occur remissions tend to be more long-lasting. As such, newer approaches emphasise the combination of high dose glucocorticoids plus anti-B-cell antibodies. With the cloning and characterisation of thrombopoietin, a number of drugs have emerged that bind to and stimulate the thrombopoietin receptor. Two of these drugs have now received US Food and Drug Administration approval for use in patients with chronic refractory ITP. The appropriate use of such agents has not yet been rigorously determined, but it is clear that a subset of patients can benefit from such agents. Finally, in this era of ‘targeted therapy’, the urge to shed old standards is strong. Nevertheless, recent long term follow up studies, and meta-analyses have suggested that splenectomy should remain as an important element in our approach to patients with chronic ITP. The mechanisms of impaired platelet formation and survival, and newer approaches to therapy will be reviewed in this talk.
Joint Union-Management Committees A Comparative Longitudinal Study

The operation and effectiveness of joint union-management committees in six federal government facilities were examined over a four-year period. Hypotheses derived from previous cross-sectional studies and reviews of the literature relating organizational and bargaining unit variables, labor relations variables, and committee variables to committee effectiveness were tested longitudinally. While much of the prior work in the area was supported by the results, committee effectiveness were tested longitudinally. While much of the prior work in the area was supported by the results, committee effectiveness appeared to be most closely related to the labor relations variables, particularly the labor relations climate.
Laplace Autoregressive Model for Cascaded Systems

System modeling problems, such as the channel of a single-hop relay communication system in a flat-fading environment, require a cascade of two or more autoregressive (AR) processes to capture the entire system characteristics. However, for the purpose of system simulation and parameter estimations, it is more convenient if the entire system is modeled by a single AR model. In this paper, we consider a cascade system whose statistical characteristics of its subsystems is represented by two independent ${p}$ th-order complex Gaussian AR processes, and model it by a single ${p}$ th-order Laplace AR process. In our analysis, we first demonstrate that the marginal probability distribution functions of the real and imaginary components of a system described by a cascade of the two complex Gaussian AR processes are Laplace distributed. Then, to model the cascaded system, we develop a single complex Laplace AR process whose parameters are configured to match other statistical characteristics of the cascaded system. Specifically, we show that the autocorrelation of the developed Laplace AR process satisfies Yule–Walker type of equations and derive the steps for the design of its parameters through autocorrelation matching.
Discussion of cultural construction and cultural development and prosperity

Cultural development and prosperity is the large spatial and temporal development,prosperity,not the speed of development,nor the Great Leap Forward.The core of the cultural construction and development is to improve citizens' scientific and cultural qualities and capabilities,achieve Minfuguoqiang;science and scientific and cultural focal point and center of gravity of the cultural development and prosperity,science and culture"Cultural China",China's sustainable development with the elements;science and culture is outstanding culture and the essential content of the advanced culture,the elements to build the correct values??,outlook on life and worldview;cultural construction,development focuses on intellectual people,Huimin,riding out with the benefit of the people,to increase and enhance the cultural connotation and enhance the cultural quality,taste to make a fuss,do solid work.
Security validation in IoT space

Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming prevalent in almost all aspects of our daily lives as well as in critical, infrastructures. The widely usage of IoT also breeds security and privacy concerns. In this session, we will discuss IoT security challenges related to unique validation challenges, low-cost IoT authentication solutions, and design for security in IoT space.
Neoplasm at the head of the pancreas: a case study.

1. Kristina Marie Griffin, CLS(NCA)[⇑][1] 1. is a recent graduate from Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft Myers FL. This case study was originally developed when she was a clinical laboratory science student 1. Address for correspondence: Kristina Marie Griffin, 5115 Cobble Creek Court #103, Naples FL 34110, (239) 598-5022, KMGHerbalScience{at}aol.com. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old male was seen by his anticoagulation clinic doctor for a scheduled warfarin check up. He had been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) about two years ago. The patient's international normalized ratio (INR) was 6.31; his target range is 2.0 to 3.0. The patient was referred to the evaluation clinic, where he was administered 2.5 mg of vitamin K. Consideration was given to his initial complaints of stomach ailments at the start of fluctuating INRs in the following weeks (Table 1). In addition to unintentional weight loss, physician examination revealed that the patient claimed episodes of hematuria. He also complained of recent lower back and stomach pain, and for the past four weeks, blood-tinged sputum in the mornings. The patient has a history of smoking. A urinalysis was performed and was negative for blood. Upon palpitation, his abdomen was non-tender and without masses. A 48-hour follow-up appointment was made with the anticoagulation clinic. On the second day, the patient's prothrombin time (PT) was redrawn, and demonstrated an INR of 4.29. He maintained his directed warfarin dosage and was scheduled to return in 12 days. At 14 days he displayed a critical INR of 6.58 and was administered another 2.5 mg of vitamin K. However, at this appointment, the patient confessed missing a warfarin dose within the last ten days. Plans were documented to decrease his warfarin dosage when the patient's INR fell to within his target range. His next appointment was scheduled for two days later. ABBREVIATIONS: DVT = deep vein thrombosis; ERCP = endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; INR = international normalized ratio; PTCA = percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. [1]: #corresp-1
A comprehensive finite element model for lithium-oxygen batteries

Among the different energy storage technologies under study, lithium–oxygen batteries are one of the most promising due to their great gravimetric energies and capacities 6–10 times greater than other technologies such as conventional lithium-ion cells. The current study provides a comprehensive understanding of how the anodic (e.g., dendrites) and cathodic designs (e.g., porosity of the carbon cathode and mass fraction of oxygen) affect the discharge characteristics of lithium–oxygen cells. When comparing all changes in dendrite surface, porosity and oxygen restriction, it is concluded that although the changes in porosity and oxygen decrease the performance of the cells, the dendrites led to the greatest decrease in performance of the battery when examining the capacity of the cell. This comprehensive understanding will aid in the design of a cyclable and commercially viable lithium–oxygen battery that could be used for a wide range of energy storage applications.
Transaction-level learning analytics in online authentic assessments

This paper presents a case for the use of transaction-level data when analyzing automated online assessment results to identify knowledge gaps and misconceptions for individual students. Transaction-level data, which records all of the steps a student uses to complete an assessment item, are preferred over traditional assessment formats that submit only the final answer, as the system can detect persistent misconceptions. In this study we collected transaction-level data from 996 students enrolled in an online introductory spreadsheet class. Each student’s final answer and step-by-step attempts were coded for misconceptions or knowledge gaps regarding the use of absolute references over four assessment occasions. Overall, the level of error revealed was significantly higher in the step-by-step processes compared to the final submitted answers. Further analysis suggests that students most often have misconceptions regarding non-critical errors. Data analysis also suggests that misconceptions identified at the transaction level persist over time.
Charitable Class, Disaster Relief, and First Responders

The notion of charitable class bedevils tax law. The IRS has issued no precedential guidance regarding its scope or application. After the 9/11 terrorist attack, Congress enacted special provisions applicable only to victims of that disaster. In response to statements in the legislative history of those provisions, the IRS has changed several of its positions regarding the doctrine of charitable class, changes announced only in a publication on disaster relief. Nonetheless, disaster relief continues to raise difficult issues involving charitable class for Congress as well as the IRS. In the 15 years since 9/11, Congress has enacted special legislation to permit a small group of California firefighters and two New York police offers to be treated as satisfying the charitable class requirements.This article reviews the use of charitable class in tax law, including its relationship to trust law, with particular attention on establishing new charitable purposes and classes. It then discusses disaster relief, both in the case of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing and September 11, 2001 terrorist attack. This discussion includes consideration of the roles that crowdfunding and exemption based on lessening the burden of government play in addressing disasters. The next section of the article examines the special legislation that Congress has enacted for two small groups of first responders. The piece concludes by recommending that the IRS both undertake a study of charitable class in general and issue precedential guidance regarding charitable class in the context of disaster relief. It also urges Congress to consider holding hearings and enacting special legislation for first responders.
Producing New Spaces of Violence: Libya and the Changing Style of NATO Interventions after the Global Financial Crisis

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that the way NATO conducts its interventions has altered since the Global Financial Crisis. The pressures of the Global Financial Crisis have forced NATO to shift from the sustained peacekeeping operation in Afghanistan to what I refer to as the trans-scalar space of intervention in Libya. Trans-scalar spaces of intervention are spaces where violence is temporarily concentrated by a transnational military apparatus to eliminate a perceived threat as efficiently as possible. The threats targeted are contained within a particular national locale and are unable to manifest themselves transnationally; their capacity is therefore several orders of magnitude below the force projection abilities of the transnational military force seeking its destruction. I examine how NATO’s creation of these new types of spaces has impacted global security and undermined territorial-based forms of governance. Despite the ensuing chaos which enveloped Libya after NATO departed, with their low cost and ...