cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prominence and Polarity in Trade Politics: A Relational Concept of Power

Theorists have long considered the relational aspect of power, from the ancients to modern times. Power relationships in international trade are difficult to describe graphically, due to the high dimensionality of dyadic trade data. Trade relationships are nevertheless key features of the international economy, invoked variously as evidence of interdependence, hegemony, and soft power. While the global hegemon may be easy to identify, nuances of relationships among great powers and regional powers are difficult to capture with aggregate trade statistics. Following Lee (2004), I employ hierarchic cluster analysis based on bilateral trade flows. This paper stakes out two computationally tractable definitions of power in trade relations that capture different aspects the true geography of global trade power. Prominence, as I use it, refers to sets of countries whose mutual trade demands mutual attention in trade policy and institutions. When a small set of countries mutually constitute each other's major trading partners, these countries can focus negotiations over trade policy and institutions on their shared interests. The reach of these blocs may be regional or global in scope. Polarity, as I use it, refers to a set of countries dominated in trade by one member. The anchor of the polarized cluster, typically the largest export market, has power over the others, in that it can control access to its own market and thus enforce a degree of compliance with its demands on trade and commercial policy.
Ziekten van de tractus digestivus

Aandoeningen van de tractus digestivus komen veel voor en op alle leeftijden. Zowel in de eerste, tweede als derde lijn en in de sociale geneeskunde krijgen hulpverleners er veel mee te maken. De lijst van aandoeningen is lang, maar gelukkig is de tractus digestivus zelf overzichtelijk. De natuurlijke richting van mond tot anus volgend slaat men niet gemakkelijk iets over. In de hierop volgende paragrafen belichten we de oorzaken van de meest voorkomende klachten, voorafgegaan door een voor de eerste presentatie karakteristieke algemene anamnese.
Viscosity-dependent Janus particle chain dynamics.

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) Janus particles assemble into staggered chains parallel to the field lines in an ac electric field. Subsequent application of an external magnetic field leads to contraction of the staggered chains into double chains. The relation between the viscosity of the surrounding solution and the contraction rate of the iron oxide Janus particle chains is studied. Further, the influence of particle size and chain length (i.e., number of particles in chain) on the contraction rate is investigated. The base material for the Janus structure is silica (SiO2) with particle sizes of 1, 2, and 4 μm, and the cap material is Fe3O4. Addition of increasing amounts of glycerol to the aqueous system reveals that the contraction dynamics strongly correlate with the viscosity of the solution. The average chain contraction rate for each particle size can be fitted in the low viscosity range from 1 to 30 mPa·s with a power function of the form A/μ0.9 – B/μ, in which the coefficients A and B are particle size, el...
Roentgenographic mucosal patterns in the "malabsorption syndrome". A scheme for diagnosis.

A reevaluation was undertaken of roentgenographic findings as seen in diseases producing malabsorption. Seventy-nine cases were reviewed of patients having both small-bowel series and small-bowel biopsies. The emphasis was on the evaluation of roentgenographic small-bowel mucosal patterns and their correlation with histologic changes. Absorption test results were reviewed and the patients were then grouped and discussed on the following bases: (1) normals (controls), (2) those with adult celiac disease (treated and untreated), (3) those patients with diseases manifesting primarily in thickened mucosal folds, (4) those patients having had a gastrectomy, and (5) a miscellaneous group. Criteria for satisfactory differentiation between these diseases or disease groups was developed and a practical approach to the roentgenographic differentiation of these diseases was outlined.
Studies in Valine Biosynthesis VII. An Enzymatic Clue in Penicillium chrysogenum and Other Organisms.

ConclusionsA dihydroxyacid dehydratase has been detected in extracts of 2 Actino-mycetes, 3 Ascomycetes, a Basidiomycete and 3 Fungi Imperfecti, and provides a clue for the specific pathway of valine and isoleucine biosynthesis in the organisms studied. Some methods of extraction of the dehydratase were compared. This enzymatic evidence complements earlier isotopic studies on the route of formation of the valine moiety in the ring of penicillin and cephalosporin C.
FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE DIFFICULTY OF WATERFLOOD IN WATER DRIVE RESERVOIR

Based on the geologic factors which have great effects on sandstone reservoir waterflooding, fuzzy comprehensive analysis is applied to formulate the indexes system and a new method of evaluating the effect of water displacement. The applying results in the such oilfields as Shuanghe and Ya Er Xia In Yumen show that the method is of characteristics of fewer data needed, higher accuracy, more simplification and so on. And it is great important to study a reservoir whether the formation is suitable for water injection or not
Knowledge Economy and Intelligent Enterprises

Intelligence enterprises are evolving where knowledge management and other business intelligence (BI) solutions provide the in-depth analytical capabilities needed to turn raw data into actionable knowledge for an enterprise. This chapter describes why there is a need for such intelligent enterprises in knowledge-based economy and how to create those enterprises. INTRODUCTION The growth of e-commerce and the Internet is bringing fundamental changes to business models, societies, and economies. With the increasing advancements of information and communication technologies, customers, suppliers, and business partners are demanding more from business enterprises. Organizations are exploring new markets, new services and new products in response to forces such as advances in information and communication technologies, business strategies such as mass customization, globalization and shorter production cycles. Enterprises of the 21 century need to offer a high demand of services and have to increase revenue and productivity through reduced expenditures and a better level of service with fewer This chapter appears in the book, Intelligent Enterprises of the 21st Century, edited by Jatinder Gupta and Sushil Sharma. Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING
Innovating Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility

In line with the requirements and demand for a comparative based research on the topic, as well as one that investigates the roots, distinguishing features, and institutional structures that may impact Corporate Social Responsibility (hereinafter referred to as CSR), at varying degrees, this paper will focus on investigations and objectives which are aimed at providing explanations or justifications for differences in the way CSR is perceived in developed and developing countries. It will also seek to justify the jurisdictional focus attributed to CSR in developing and developed countries.
Gradient Exceptionality in Maximum Entropy Grammar with Lexically Specific Constraints

The number of exceptions to a phonological generalization appears to gradiently affect its productivity. Generalizations with relatively few exceptions are relatively productive, as measured in tendencies to regularization, as well as in nonce word productions and other psycholinguistic tasks. Gradient productivity has been previously modeled with probabilistic grammars, including Maximum Entropy Grammar, but they often fail to capture the fixed pronunciations of the existing words in a language, as opposed to nonce words. Lexically specific constraints allow existing words to be produced faithfully, while permitting variation in novel words that are not subject to those constraints. When each word has its own lexically specific version of a constraint, an inverse correlation between the number of exceptions and the degree of productivity is straightforwardly predicted.
Industrielle Produktion und Nutzung von konventionellem, CO 2 -armem und grünem Wasserstoff

Wasserstoff wird heute vorwiegend aus Kohlenwasserstoffen erzeugt und weltweit als Grundstoff in einer Vielzahl von chemischen Prozessen in der Industrie eingesetzt. Derzeit erlangt Wasserstoff eine zunehmend grosere „sichtbare“ Bedeutung als sauberer Energietrager und Mobilitatskraftstoff und nicht zuletzt als wesentliches Bindeglied fur die sogenannte „Sektorkopplung“. Vor diesem Hintergrund spielt vor allem die Erzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien sowie die CO2-arme Erzeugung aus fossilen Energien eine grose Rolle. Es erscheint plausibel, dass diese Diversifikation auch Ruckwirkungen auf den bestehenden Industriegasmarkt haben wird; insbesondere die Nutzung von CO2-arm hergestelltem Wasserstoff in der Industrie, die den „Product Carbon Footprint“ von industriellen Produkten verringert. Das Kapitel beschreibt den heutigen Stand der Nutzung von Wasserstoff in der Industrie, erortert die Potenziale und Hindernisse der erganzenden Nutzung von CO2-arm erzeugten und erneuerbarem Wasserstoff und leitet daraus den Handlungsbedarf fur die verstarkte Einfuhrung dieser Nutzung ab.
Naturally occurring molecular species used for plasma diagnostics and signal correction in microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry

In the present study, we evaluate the N2+/OH emission intensity ratio as a diagnostic tool for identifying the best instrumental operating conditions in microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES). This molecular species signal ratio is compared with the traditional Mg II/Mg I ratio. Aluminum, Ba, Mn, Sr and Zn (analytes), and high concentrations of C, Na, Ca, HNO3 and HCl (sample matrices) are used as models to investigate the effects of complex matrices on analyte recoveries. The N2+/OH signal ratio is more sensitive to changes in plasma conditions than the Mg II/Mg I ratio. Some other advantages include real-time monitoring capabilities, and the possibility of independently tracking variations in both plasma and sample introduction. For less complex matrices, the N2+/OH signal ratio may be used for instrument optimization, which ensures plasma conditions are as similar as possible when analyzing standard solutions and samples. For analyses involving severe matrix effects, molecular species such as CN, N2, N2+ and OH are used for signal correction. Significant improvements in accuracy are achieved by employing the analyte-to-molecular species signal ratio, or their product, for calibration. Both the use of the N2+/OH signal ratio as a diagnostic tool, and of molecular species for signal correction to minimize matrix effects are simple strategies that may significantly contribute to expanding the analytical capabilities of MIP OES and facilitating its application in routine analysis.
Corporate Evaluation of Pollution Prevention Opportunities

The concept of pollution prevention, or “P2”, is emblematic of a new, proactive environmental mindset that promises more sustainable industrial management. By targeting the causes, rather than the consequences, of polluting activity, P2 seeks to eliminate pollutants at their source and thereby avoid the need to treat or dispose of those pollutants later. The P2 concept has given rise to talk of win-win opportunities in which innovation and new ways of thinking will lead to waste reduction and, at the same time, increase firm profits by reducing costs or stimulating new product development. Unfortunately, the vision of pollution prevention as a set of win-win opportunities is somewhat at odds with actual corporate experience. While anecdotal evidence from a number of studies suggests that such opportunities exist and that many firms have pursued them, proponents say the pace of P2 is too slow and that the private sector is somehow failing to see opportunities in front of it.
Arbovirus infections in Sarawak: the isolation of Kunjin virus from mosquitoes of the Culex pseudovishnui group.

(1970). Arbovirus infections in Sarawak: The isolation of Kunjin virus from mosquitoes of the Culex pseudovishnui group. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 263-268.
Self-Organizing Neural Architectures for Eye Movements, Arm Movements, and Eye-Arm Coordination

Many important sensory-motor skills arise as a result of a self-organizing process whereby a biological organism actively moves within a fluctuating environment. The present chapter discusses recent results concerning several key steps in this process: the adaptive transformation of a target position light on the retina into a target position computed in head-centered coordinates; the transformation of a target position computed in head-centered coordinates into a target position command to move an arm to the corresponding location in space; and the conversion of the target position command into a synchronous trajectory of the arm’s many components that executes this command in real-time. These transformations involve several different brain regions, such as posterior parietal cortex, precentral motor cortex, and the basal ganglia. Our concern in this chapter will be primarily with the underlying functional and computational issues. Extended discussions of empirical data and predictions are provided elsewhere [1-4], but some recent supportive data are mentioned, such as data concerning the GROSSBERG AND KUPERSTEIN [4] model of how head-centered target position maps are learned in posterior parietal cortex.
Improving Phrase-Based Translation with Prototypes of Short Phrases

We investigate methods of generating additional bilingual phrase pairs for a phrase-based decoder by translating short sequences of source text. Because our translation task is more constrained, we can use a model that employs more linguistically rich features than a traditional decoder. We have implemented an example of this approach. Experimental results suggest that the phrase pairs produced by our method are useful to the decoder, and lead to improved sentence translations.
Extended optical line emission in powerful radio galaxies

Optical and radio observations of nearby and distant powerful radio galaxies with extended optical emission-line regions are discussed. Comparisons of optical emission-line images with radio continuum maps, supplemented with detailed optical spectroscopy, show that the interaction of radio jets and lobes with ambient gas can have dramatic consequences for both the radio source and its surrounding medium. We will discuss evidence for the occurence of large scale star formation and collimated ionizing radiation along the axes of radio galaxies. We also present preliminary results indicative of large rotation measures in two distant radio galaxies.
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Have a Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype Mediated by a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein-Interferon-β Feedback Loop.

Objective - BMSCs create a special microenvironment for hematopoiesis and immunity and also display robust immunomodulatory properties which are impaired in SLE. This study was undertaken to define the mechanisms of defects in human SLE BMSCs. Methods - Patients fulfilling SLE classification criteria and healthy controls were recruited under an Institutional Review Board approved protocol (n=6 each). BMSCs were isolated with low density Ficoll/Hypaque. BMSCs were verified by flow cytometry and studied using immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR, western blotting, comet assay, beta-galactosidase assay, and RNA interference. Results - SLE BMSCs have a senescent phenotype characterized by reduced proliferation rate, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased DNA damage and repair, increased expression of p53 and p16 which block the cell cycle, and altered cytokine production (increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and decreased immunomodulatory cytokine production). Moreover, SLE BMSCs have a 5 fold increase in IFNβ (p 0.9, p < 0.01). Since MAVS is known to induce IFNβ production, we hypothesized a positive feedback loop between MAVS and IFNβ. Strikingly, silencing MAVS markedly decreased IFNβ, p53, and p16 protein levels and expression of mRNAs for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions - This study demonstrates a novel pathway for elevated IFNβ signaling in SLE that is not dependent on stimulation by immune complexes but rather is cell-intrinsic and critically mediated by IFNβ and MAVS, implicating new pathways as potential therapeutic targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
From analogue to digital: creating simulations through conceptualization boards

We explore how to use conceptualization boards to familiarize students, teachers, parents, and the community in general with discrete-event simulations. We raise the question: how can we make simulations accessible to non-simulationists? We argue that with the use of tactile tools users can not only conceptualize but also create simulations. We developed a prototype board that captures discrete-event simulation’s blocks like arrivals, queues, processes and resources. The board applies the concept of gamification to engage users. The board is simple to replicate and can be created with accessible material or 3D printing capabilities. Further, we propose the board be used simultaneously with software applications to facilitate the transition from analogue to digital tools. Future work investigates 1) extended simulation, 2) universal access to simulation and 3) insight generation.
Electric Vehicles and Climate Change: Additional Contribution and Improved Economic Justification

Climate and weather patterns are changing in California and across the planet. Extreme weather events such as wildfires are happening more frequently, precipitation has become increasingly variable, heat waves are more common, and temperatures are warming. Climate and weather scientists have tracked the observed changes since the mid-20th century and linked them mainly to human activity and influence. The human activity, including the burning of fossil fuels, has led to a significant release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which disrupts the global carbon cycle and leads to global warming.
Chaparral of California

Abstract California is one of five biological “hotspots” in the terrestrial temperate zone, all of which occur in Mediterranean-type climate regions. Chaparral is a dominant vegetation type in California, dominated by evergreen sclerophyllous shrubs. This vegetation occurs throughout the California Floristic Province, from northern Baja California to southern Oregon, and contains more than 20% of the flora of California, mostly as postfire herbaceous annuals. Chaparral occurs on poor shallow, soils, and often on steep slopes. Summer drought and fire, along with poor soils, are the main selective agents on the vegetation.
A modified method for rapid quantification of Chlamydia muridarum using Fluorospot.

Abstract Although manual enumeration of Chlamydia inclusion forming units is the most widely accepted means of quantification in the field, it is both time consuming and subject to inherent investigator bias. We report here a rapid, i.e., minutes vs. hours, modified automated Fluorospot means of assessment that is linear ( • Concurrent enumeration of chlamydial IFU using automated and manual methods of counting on same tissue culture plate. • Rapid method of counting chlamydial IFU reducing time from hours to minutes.
Intramural Esophageal Hematoma Secondary to Food Ingestion.

Intramural esophageal hematoma (IEH) is a rare cause of submucosal esophageal bleeding and it is on the spectrum of esophageal wall injury along with mucosal tears (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) and full thickness perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome). Its risk factors include coagulopathy, trauma (foreign body ingestion or esophageal instrumentation) or it can happen spontaneously. It presents with a triad of chest pain, dysphagia, and hematemesis; however, the triad is only present in 35% of patients. We are presenting a case of IEH secondary to food ingestion that was managed successfully by conservative measures.
Hospital Adverse Events and Perioperative Outcomes in Bilateral Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Perioperative hospital adverse events represent a significant outcome that is often overlooked. Even “minor events” such as fever or tachycardia may lead to significant costs due to workup tests, interconsultations, and/or increased length of stay (LOS). The optimal timing of bilateral direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (DAA-THA) remains unsettled. Consequently, we wanted to compare hospital LOS, discharge disposition, hospital adverse events (major and minor), and transfusion rates between simultaneous and staged bilateral DAA-THA. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on a consecutive series of 347 primary bilateral DAA-THAs (204 patients) performed by 2 surgeons in a single institution (2010-2016). The hips finally included were categorized as simultaneous (Sim-n = 61), staged 1 (Stg1-n = 143), or staged 2 (Stg2-n = 143). We also compared simultaneous with staged surgeries performed ≤1 and >1 year apart. Baseline demographics, LOS, discharge disposition, hospital adverse events, and transfusions were assessed. Results The simultaneous group had significantly younger patients and a higher proportion of males when compared with the staged groups and showed significant longer LOS [2.61 (Sim) vs 2.06 (Stg1) vs 1.63 (Stg2) days, P Conclusion Our data show that bilateral DAA-THAs performed in a staged fashion, rather than simultaneously, have a shorter hospital LOS and decreased rates of adverse events and overall transfusions. Notwithstanding, simultaneous surgery should still be considered an option in selected patients. Level of Evidence Level III.
The use of environmental tracers to characterize a leaky CO2 CCS natural analogue site, Soda Springs, Idaho, USA

Large‐scale global adoption of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a means of minimizing atmospheric CO2 emissions requires an unprecedented effort to store gigatons of anthropogenic emissions in the earth's subsurface. Critical to the adoption and ultimate success of CCS is the protection of valuable water resources that may be impacted by leaking CO2 from CCS operations. Therefore, appropriate technical tools and societal controls will need to be developed and evaluated to maximize the atmospheric benefits of CCS while limiting potential deleterious effects of its implementation. Here, we utilize a naturally leaking CO2 system located at Soda Springs, Idaho, USA, as an analogue for industrial‐scale CCS deployment. This site is particularly relevant and useful for studying the consequences of CCS because it allows the examination of geologic systems at temporal and spatial scales not accessible by laboratory and field experiments. The Soda Springs system is an ideal CCS natural analogue site with the source of CO2 occurring at depths and temperatures expected for large‐scale CCS systems. Soda Springs also provides long‐term examples of at least three potential failure modes for CCS systems, including direct migration of CO2 charged brine to the surface via faulting or wells, upward movement of CO2 from the injection‐horizon into over lying shallow aquifers, and the displacement of reservoir brine into shallower aquifers. These failure mechanisms were differentiated and characterized utilizing variations in water chemistry including rare earth elements providing a framework for delineating the movement of CO2‐influenced fluids migrating from deep CCS reservoirs into overlying aquifers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoradiotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in rectal cancer

In locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy provides a significant benefit to local cancer control in addition to total mesorectal excision. However, in 10–40% of all patients, a complete clinical remission can be detected after completion of chemoradiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that those patients omitting radical surgery after successful neoadjuvant pretreatment can be safely managed within a close follow-up network without compromising short-term overall and disease-free survival. However, available data suggest that 20–30% of all patients assigned to a watch and wait regimen will eventually have to be transferred to surgical management due to local recurrence. Careful patient selection is key for a successful watch and wait approach and the choice of non-operative management should not be made after completion of staging but rather after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Selected patients need to be thoroughly informed that there is still no standardized follow-up protocol and no predefined follow-up period.
BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA: UPDATE ON TREATMENTS, MECHANISMS AND MANAGEMENT IN THE CLINIC AND COMMUNITY

Abstract Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are common and challenging, with no consistently effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatments available. Among psychotropics, atypical antipsychotics have the strongest evidence, but adverse effects and safety concerns often outweigh benefit. SSRIs are often better tolerated, and the strongest evidence is for citalopram, but QTc prolongation is a limiting factor. Evidence for mood stabilizers is weak. Some evidence supports the use of dronabinol, prazosin, and dextromethorphan/quinidine. Pimvanserin is FDA approved for psychosis in Parkinson's disease. Options for psychosis in Dementia with Lewy bodies include cholinesterase inhibitor, quetiapine, and clozapine. Some promising results have been reported with ECT for agitation and aggression in dementia. An algorithm approach for BPSD in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mixed dementia has been used on several inpatient units in Canada. Insights into possible biological mechanisms of BPSD throughout the spectrum of AD severity may be useful for treatment development. Areas with the best evidence include depression, anxiety and apathy in preclinical and prodromal AD. BPSD are associated with a mix of “core” mechanisms and “non-core” mechanisms of AD and may be associated with the earliest stages of AD pathology, but data remains relatively sparse. Other factors contributing to BPSD include physical and social conditions, as well as the dynamic between caregivers and persons with dementia. The MIND at Home multidisciplinary intervention is designed to support persons with dementia and their caregivers at home. Features include: completing an in home patient and caregiver-centered dementia-related needs assessment, building an evidence based care plan around patient and caregiver-specific needs, a Memory Care Coordinator (MCC) providing dementia education, support and guidance to help the dyad prioritize and follow through on care plan recommendations, and a multidisciplinary clinical team supporting the MCC, with regular team meetings, with telephone and video visit access to other team members from patients’ homes. Prior studies demonstrate that dementia care co-management models contribute to better health-related quality of life, fewer behavioral symptoms of dementia, less severe functional and cognitive symptoms, reduce stress and depression in caregivers and lead to reduced utilization of acute care services. Imperative and opportunity exist for implementing an evidence-based model of integrated dementia care across a health care system that places an emphasis on quality and reducing health care costs. Partners HealthCare, a large and diverse health care system, is in the process developing and launching such a model.
Food Contamination with Glyphosate and Other Herbicides

Glyphosate (chemical name, N-phosphonomethylglycine) is the world’s most widely used herbicide in homes and for agriculture [1-4]. It competitively inhibits the enzyme enolpyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase thereby blocking the production of chorismate, an intermediate for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, and chelating manganese [1,2]. It is sprayed on genetically modified food crops such as corn, canola (rapeseed), and soy, and is used as a desiccant prior to harvest on crops such as peas, beans, lentils, oats, barley, and potatoes to increase crop yield [1,2].
DYNAMIC PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED Ti-6Al-4V DURING THERMO-MECHANICAL GYRATIONS

Abstract A complex interaction of process parameters, geometry and scan strategies in Additive Manufacturing (AM), can bring about spatial and temporal transients, i.e., Σ T (x, y, z, time), within a part. Published literature focusses on fluctuating thermal cycles on the microstructure evolution. However, the microstructural variations have not been correlated to dynamic flow behavior due to the macro- and micro-scale phenomena, i.e., accumulated plastic strains brought about by large thermal gradients, transformational strains and crystallographic misfit strains. Therefore, we studied the mechanical response of Ti6Al4V alloys produced by AM under externally imposed controlled thermo-mechanical reversals in a Gleeble® thermo-mechanical simulator. The stress-strain behaviors were correlated to phase fractions, lattice strains, and also limited information on crystallographic texture using neutron diffraction techniques at the VULCAN Beamline at SNS, ORNL and also metallographic studies. The results are discussed and rationalized based on theories of static and dynamic phase transformations.
Correlates of Transitions Into Housing Instability Among Veterans Accessing Veterans Health Administration Health Care.

Background Prior research has explored the patterns and dynamics of homelessness; such an understanding is necessary to improve policy and programmatic responses and prevent new episodes of housing instability. Objectives The objectives of this study are to identify correlates of veterans' transitions into housing instability and inform initiatives aimed to address their needs, with a focus on how to prevent new episodes of housing instability. Methods The cohort for this study includes 4,633,069 veterans who responded to the Veterans Health Administration's universal screen for housing instability at least twice between October 1, 2012, and September 30, 2016; 1.2% reported recent housing instability and 98.8% reported ongoing housing stability. The χ or Fisher exact tests, as appropriate, compared veterans' characteristics by housing status. A multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors associated with recent housing instability, controlling for sociodemographic, military service, diagnostic, and health services use variables. Results Sociodemographic and health services use variables increased veterans' odds of transitioning into housing instability. The diagnoses with the greatest effect sizes were drug use disorder (adjusted odds ratio=1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.45-1.55) and opioid use disorder, which was associated with a >2-fold increase in the odds of experiencing recent housing instability (adjusted odds ratio=2.22, 95% confidence interval: 2.04-2.41). Conclusions The present study provides evidence to inform existing and future interventions to prevent new episodes of housing instability. Veterans with opioid use disorder were at greatest risk of becoming unstably housed; increasing access to medication-assisted treatment in homeless-focused services is needed.
What do you mean by “palliative sedation”?

Sedation in palliative care is frequently but controversially discussed. Heterogeneous definitions and conceptual confusion have been cited as contributing to different problems 1) relevant to empirical research, for example, inconsistent data about practice, the ‘data problem’, and 2) relevant for an ethically legitimate characterisation of the practice, the ‘problem of ethical pre-emption’. However, little is known about how exactly definitions differ, how they cause confusion and how this can be overcome. Pre-explicative analyses: (A) systematic literature search for guidelines on sedation in palliative care and systematic decomposition of the definitions of the practice in these guidelines; (B) logical distinction of different ways through which the two problems reported might be caused by definitions; and (C) analysis of how content of the definitions contributes to the problems reported in these different ways. 29 guidelines from 14 countries were identified. Definitions differ significantly in both structure and content. We identified three ways in which definitions can cause the ‘data problem’ – 1) different definitions, 2) deviating implicit concepts, 3) disagreement about facts. We identified two ways to cause the problem of ethical pre-emption: 1) explicit or 2) implicit normativity. Decomposition of definitions linked to the distinguished ways of causing the conceptual problems shows how exactly single parts of definitions can cause the problems identified. Current challenges concerning empirical research on sedation in palliative care can be remediated partly by improved definitions in the future, if content and structure of the used definitions is chosen systematically. In addition, future research should bear in mind that there are distinct purposes of definitions. Regarding the ‘data problem’, improving definitions is possible in terms of supplementary information, checking for implicit understanding, systematic choice of definitional elements. ‘Ethical pre-emption’, in contrast, is a pseudo problem if definitions and the relationship of definitions and norms of good practice are understood correctly.
Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury via sustained growth factor delivery from mineral-coated microparticles

The gold standard for treating peripheral nerve injuries that have large nerve gaps where the nerves cannot be directly sutured back together because it creates tension on the nerve, is to incorporate an autologous nerve graft. However, even with the incorporation of a nerve graft, generally patients only regain a small portion of function in limbs affected by the injury. Although, there has been some promising results using growth factors to induce more axon growth through the nerve graft, many of these previous therapies are limited in their ability to release growth factors in a sustained manner and tailor them to a desired time frame. The ideal drug delivery platform would deliver growth factors at therapeutic levels for enough time to grow axons the entire length of the nerve graft. We hypothesized that mineral coated microparticles (MCMs) would bind, stabilize and release biologically active glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in a sustained manner. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the ability of MCMs releasing growth factors at the distal end of a 10 mm sciatic nerve graft, to induce axon growth through the nerve graft and restore hind limb function. After sciatic nerve grafting in Lewis rats, the hind limb function was tested weekly by measuring the angle of the ankle at toe lift-off while walking down a track. Twelve weeks after grafting, the grafts were harvested and myelinated axons were analyzed proximal to the graft, in the center of the graft, and distal to the graft. Under physiological conditions in vitro, the MCMs delivered a burst release of NGF and GDNF for 3 days followed by a sustained release for at least 22 days. In vivo, MCMs releasing NGF and GDNF at the distal end of sciatic nerve grafts resulted in significantly more myelinated axons extending distal to the graft when compared to rats that received nerve grafts without growth factor treatment. The rats with nerve grafts incorporated with MCMs releasing NGF and GDNF also showed significant improvement in hind limb function starting at 7 weeks postoperatively and continuing through 12 weeks postoperatively when compared to rats that received nerve grafts without growth factor treatment. In conclusion, MCMs released biologically active NGF and GDNF in a sustained manner, which significantly enhanced axon growth resulting in a significant improvement of hind limb function in rats. The animal experiments were approved by University of Wisconsin-Madison Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC, protocol# M5958) on January 3, 2018.
Examining Teacher Perspectives on Computational Thinking in K-12 Classrooms

This paper examines K-12 teacher perspectives on the promise and challenges of computer science (CS) and computational thinking (CT) education for all students across three states and three school districts-one rural, one suburban, and one urban. Through a series of teacher survey and focus groups, this exploratory research presents the perspectives of K-12 teachers across three distinct vantage points: First, to what degree do these teachers see a clear value as to why CS and CT matter to their students' learning? Second (if the pathway is deemed valuable) who, in their estimates, are the crucial players to help develop a coherent CS/ CT K-12 pathway and what is their capacity? Third, how can such a prospective pathway be practically implemented? These elements of why, who, and how are essential to wider questions around equity of student access to high quality computing, and with this paper, they come from the perspectives of teachers-a group too often left out of early discussions around K-12 curricular design. Discussion section points to how these preliminary surveys and focus groups with teachers offer an early predictor in terms of how each district develops its own K-12 computing pathway, with the expectation that such focus groups offer a powerful research/ evaluation protocol that can be repeated annually among districts to gauge to what extent teachers' hope (and concerns) about comprehensive K-12 computing pathways are warranted.
Assessment of daily dose accumulation for robustly optimized intensity modulated proton therapy treatment of prostate cancer.

Abstract Purpose To implement a daily CBCT based dose accumulation technique in order to assess ideal robust optimization (RO) parameters for IMPT treatment of prostate cancer. Methods Ten prostate cancer patients previously treated with VMAT and having daily CBCT were included. First, RO-IMPT plans were created with ± 3 mm and ± 5 mm patient setup and ± 3% proton range uncertainties, respectively. Second, the planning CT (pCT) was deformably registered to the CBCT to create a synthetic CT (sCT). Both daily and weekly sampling strategies were employed to determine optimal dose accumulation frequency. Doses were recalculated on sCTs for both ± 3 mm/±3% and ± 5 mm/±3% uncertainties and were accumulated back to the pCT. Accumulated doses generated from ± 3 mm/±3% and ± 5 mm/±3% RO-IMPT plans were evaluated using the clinical dose volume constraints for CTV, bladder, and rectum. Results Daily accumulated dose based on both ± 3mm/±3% and ±5 mm/±3% uncertainties for RO-IMPT plans resulted in satisfactory CTV coverage (RO-IMPT3mm/3% CTVV95 = 99.01 ± 0.87% vs. RO-IMPT5mm/3% CTVV95 = 99.81 ± 0.2%, P = 0.002). However, the accumulated dose based on ± 3 mm/3% RO-IMPT plans consistently provided greater OAR sparing than ±5 mm/±3% RO-IMPT plans (RO-IMPT3mm/3% rectumV65Gy = 2.93 ± 2.39% vs. RO-IMPT5mm/3% rectumV65Gy = 4.38 ± 3%, P Conclusions This study demonstrated that for RO-IMPT optimization, ±3mm/±3% uncertainty is sufficient to create plans that meet desired CTV coverage while achieving superior sparing to OARs when compared with ± 5 mm/±3% uncertainty. Furthermore, weekly dose accumulation can accurately estimate the overall dose delivered to prostate cancer patients.
Fighting Physics: A Tough Battle: Thinking of doing IPC over the long haul? Think again. The laws of physics say you’re hosed.

Over the past several years, SaaS (software as a service) has become an attractive option for companies looking to save money and simplify their computing infrastructures. SaaS is an interesting group of techniques for moving computing from the desktop to the cloud; however, as it grows in popularity, engineers should be aware of some of the fundamental limitations they face when developing these kinds of distributed applications - in particular, the finite speed of light.
Improving Generalization in Mountain Car Through the Partitioned Parameterized Policy Approach via Quasi-Stochastic Gradient Descent.

The reinforcement learning problem of finding a control policy that minimizes the minimum time objective for the Mountain Car environment is considered. Particularly, a class of parameterized nonlinear feedback policies is optimized over to reach the top of the highest mountain peak in minimum time. The optimization is carried out using quasi-Stochastic Gradient Descent (qSGD) methods. In attempting to find the optimal minimum time policy, a new parameterized policy approach is considered that seeks to learn an optimal policy parameter for different regions of the state space, rather than rely on a single macroscopic policy parameter for the entire state space. This partitioned parameterized policy approach is shown to outperform the uniform parameterized policy approach and lead to greater generalization than prior methods, where the Mountain Car became trapped in circular trajectories in the state space.
Quantification of Pharmaceuticals in the Sealant Fluids of Actively Used Waterless Urinals

Prior measurements at bench scale revealed that waterless urinal cartridges containing oily sealant fluids are capable of partitioning pharmaceuticals from urine and therefore reducing their concentration in wastewater. We sought to measure pharmaceutical removal from in-use waterless urinals. We developed a method to quantify pharmaceuticals in the sealant phase, which resulted in 79 ± 30% and 71 ± 30% recovery of eight pharmaceuticals from two sealant fluids, respectively. The method was applied to sealant samples collected over three weeks from in-use waterless urinals on a university campus. Six of eight pharmaceuticals were present in the sealant samples from 1.4 µg/L to 241 µg/L. Loads of the six pharmaceuticals detected in the sealants were removed from the receiving wastewater from 0.02 µg/day to 3.4 µg/day across the sampling period. The concentration of the pharmaceuticals were similar over time, indicating rapid saturation and washout of the sealant. We also observed relatively rapid loss of sealant at maintenance intervals consistent with the manufacturer's instructions. These findings indicate that while waterless urinals do remove some pharmaceuticals from the wastewater stream, meaningful changes to wastewater concentrations will only result if the sealant fluid and/or the urinal cartridge are significantly modified. PRACTITIONER POINTS: We developed a quantification method for pharmaceuticals in oily waterless urinal sealants. Pharmaceuticals were present at relatively low concentrations in the sealant phase of two in-use waterless urinals. We identify engineering challenges that must be overcome to meaningfully reduce pharmaceutical loads in wastewater with waterless urinals.
The Use of Simulation in Dealing with Crisis Events within Transport

Abstract Nowadays, modelling and simulation are used as tools to support decision-making processes in many areas. This article is focused on a description of possible usage of simulation within solving crisis phenomena in transport, where we focus on the education and training of professionals in different fields. The article consists of two main parts. The first part describes the theoretical approach towards simulation in the context of transport and crisis management. The second part presents possibilities of using simulation for solving crisis phenomena mainly in transport. This article provides concrete examples of the possible and practical uses of live simulation, virtual simulation, and constructive simulation in solving crisis events in transport with focus on a traffic accident.
The inflammatory proteome of hidradenitis suppurativa skin is more expansive than that of psoriasis vulgaris.

Background Although hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) shares some transcriptomic and cellular infiltrate features with psoriasis, their skin proteome remains unknown. Objective To define and compare inflammatory protein biomarkers of HS and psoriasis skin. Methods We assessed 92 inflammatory biomarkers in HS (n = 13), psoriasis (n = 11), and control skin (n = 11) using Olink high-throughput proteomics. We also correlated HS skin and blood biomarkers using proteomics and RNA sequencing. Results We identified 57 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in lesional psoriasis and 64 DEPs in lesional HS skin, compared to healthy controls. Both HS and psoriasis lesional skin demonstrated a significant upregulation of T helper 1 and T helper 17 proteins. Healthy-appearing perilesional HS skin had 63 DEPs compared to healthy controls. Nonlesional HS and psoriasis skin had 24 and 7 DEPs, respectively, compared to healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor and 8 other proteins were significantly correlated with clinical severity in perilesional HS skin (2 cm from a nodule). Limitations Inclusion of only moderate-to-severe patients and the cohort size. Conclusion HS has a greater inflammatory profile and is more diffusely distributed compared with psoriasis. Proteins correlated with disease severity are potential disease mediators. Perilesional skin is comparably inflamed to lesional skin, suggesting the need to treat beyond skin nodules.
Beyond the IT Artifact - Studying the Underrepresentation of Black Men and Women in IT

In the Information Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) communities, much of the workforce development research focuses on the IT artifact’s role. However, another crucial lens for addressi...
The critical period: neurochemical and synaptic mechanisms shared by the visual cortex and the brain stem respiratory system

The landmark studies of Wiesel and Hubel in the 1960's initiated a surge of investigations into the critical period of visual cortical development, when abnormal visual experience can alter cortica...
Triple‐loop learning in a cross‐sector partnership: The DC Central Kitchen partnership

Purpose – This paper aims to build on notions of a higher level of organizational learning to suggest another dimension: interorganizational learning that emerges in a cross‐sector partnership.Design/methodology/approach – A case study was conducted with the DC Central Kitchen (DCCK) partnership with for‐profit and governmental entities. Research methods included interviews with the founder, CEO, and manager responsible for the relationship with partners; direct observation during volunteer work at DCCK; and review of archival data and physical artifacts.Findings – At the organizational level, DCCK was a learning organization because the principal variables – culture, strategy, shared vision, and knowledge management – were focused on learning. At the interorganizational level, the network was like a constellation of organizations. DCCK had many dyadic relationships with its partners, but the partners were not always interconnected with one another. Triple‐loop learning occurred in DCCK but was not yet de...