cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocrine function in bronchial asthma and hay fever: A controlled study of 17-ketosteroid and 11-oxysteroid excretion

Abstract A controlled study of 17-ketosteroid and 11-oxysteroid excretion in ambulatory patients with bronchial asthma has been carried out during intervals when the patients had been without steroid medication for at least two weeks. No significant correlation was noted between steroid excretion and the asthmatic state as verified by serial timed vital capacities and daily score sheets. No significant correlation was noted between 17-ketosteroid excretion and 11-oxysteroid excretion. Total 11-oxysteroid excretion was not abnormal in bronchial asthma. Significant reduction of total 17-ketosteroids was found in both male and female asthmatic patients, as compared to age- and sex-matched controls, but not in patients with hay fever. Fractional 17-ketosteroid excretion as measured by androsterone-glucuronide and etiocholanolone-glucuronide analyses tended to confirm total 17-ketosteroid excretion. The administration of cortisone resulted in a further decrease of androsterone-glucuronide and etiocholanolone-glucuronide excretion for the duration of therapy.
Water mass characteristics in the Cenomanian US Western Interior seaway as indicated by stable isotopes of calcareous organisms

Abstract Stable oxygen isotopes taken from taxon-specific planktic foraminifera are potential sources of water mass density proxy data and paleoclimate information. Material suitable for stable isotope analysis is uncommon in the middle to late Cenomanian strata of the Western Interior of the USA. However, well preserved material from 17 correlative horizons at five localities across SE Montana and NE Wyoming has provided an opportunity to obtain reliable δ 18 O data from foraminiferal samples, fine-fraction carbonate (e.g. calcareous nannofossils) and inoceramid prisms. With the exception of inoceramids, which for a benthic organism have stable isotopic compositions resembling surface-dwelling calcareous organisms, these data indicate that the water column was vertically stratified and water masses were anomalously depleted in 18 O. Within samples, planktic and benthic foraminifera display strong vertical gradients in δ 18 O and δ 13 C of several per mil. The vertical gradient of δ 18 O ranges from more negative nearer the sea surface to less negative at the sea floor, with a gradient of about 4‰. This implies less saline/warmer waters near the surface with increasingly more saline/colder waters with depth. This isotopic distribution indicates a stably stratified water column at least seasonally. In addition, a persistent vertical carbon isotope gradient of 2–3‰ suggests a strong nutrient gradient that if mixed would result in high surface water fertility. Preservation of high amounts of organic carbon in the sediments corroborates this inference. Although the water column was stratified overall, the nutrients necessary to promote high productivity were clearly renewed at least seasonally. Nutrient renewal could have been achieved by (1) winter cooling of the upper layer allowing deeper seasonal mixing with nutrient-rich deep waters, (2) seasonal shallowing of the pycnocline into the photic zone, (3) entrainment and decomposition of organic matter at the previously proposed frontal convergence, (4) upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters along the previously proposed oceanic front, or (5) mixing of ‘shelf’ waters with more oceanic waters across an oceanic front.
Guanosine 5'-triphosphate analogue activates potassium current modulated by neurotransmitters in Aplysia neurones

1. Identified neurones in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica were voltage clamped in order to investigate how guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S), a GTP analogue that irreversibly activates guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, modifies activation by the neuropeptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) of a slow K+ current resembling the serotonin- and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-sensitive 'S' current, and a similar response to acetylcholine. 2. Ionophoretic or pressure injection of GTP-gamma-S into the cell triggered the slow and irreversible development of a large K+ current, rendered the K+ current responses to FMRFamide and acetylcholine irreversible, and finally, once the GTP-gamma-S-induced current had fully developed, occluded the neurotransmitter responses altogether. 3. The K+ currents activated by GTP-gamma-S and acetylcholine had properties identical to those previously found for the FMRFamide-induced 'S'-like K+ current: they were Ca2+ and voltage independent, relatively insensitive to block by extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (when high concentrations of acetylcholine were used to overcome an additional block by these agents of the receptor), and suppressed in Ba2+-containing solution, by injection of TEA+ or Cs+ into the cell, and by serotonin and elevation of the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP. 4. The K+ current responses to FMRFamide and acetylcholine were not additive when the agonist concentrations used were high enough to activate most of the available current. 5. Desensitization of either response did not affect the other, and the effect of acetylcholine, but not that of FMRFamide, could be blocked by the known acetylcholine-receptor blockers phenyltrimethylammonium and TEA. 6. These results suggest that FMRFamide and acetylcholine, acting through different receptors, activate the same 'S'-like K+ current by a mechanism involving a G protein. 7. In addition to activating the slow K+ current, FMRFamide and acetylcholine each activate a faster current in these cells, carried by Na+ in the case of FMRFamide, and by Cl- in the case of acetylcholine. Neither fast response was affected by GTP-gamma-S.
Silicon beyond the valley.

Mietek Jaroniec reflects on how silicon, whether bonded with other elements in a variety of materials, in high purity for electronic devices, or in its newer 'black silicon' form, continues to be invaluable in many aspects of our lives.
The relationship between delusions and hallucinations

The origins of delusional beliefs have been a question of great interest for centuries. For many years, the widely held view was that there was a fundamental defect in reasoning in the patient that gave rise to the false belief. Much effort was directed at establishing the kind of defect and the circumstances that triggered it. The search for the basic reasoning defect has met with limited success, mainly because the flaws found in the reasoning of deluded persons are also found with substantial frequency in the general population. The co-occurrence of hallucinations and delusions is consistent with findings that repeated anomalous experiences of various kinds are followed by the development of delusions. In this case, it would be reasonable to regard the hallucinations as exercising a causative role in the development of delusions.
Bose-Einstein Condensation in Complex Networks

The evolution of many complex systems, including the World Wide Web, business, and citation networks, is encoded in the dynamic web describing the interactions between the system's constituents. Despite their irreversible and nonequilibrium nature these networks follow Bose statistics and can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation. Addressing the dynamical properties of these nonequilibrium systems within the framework of equilibrium quantum gases predicts that the "first-mover-advantage," "fit-get-rich," and "winner-takes-all" phenomena observed in competitive systems are thermodynamically distinct phases of the underlying evolving networks.
Supramolecular assemblies prepared from an iron(II) tripodal complex, tetrafluoroborate, and alkali metal cations. The effect of cation size on coordination number, anion disorder and hydrogen bonding

The iron(II) complex cation, 12+, of the 1 : 3 Schiff base condensate of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) with imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (H3L1) was reacted with MBF4 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs and NH4). The products were double salts of the formula {[FeH3L1](BF4)2}·MBF4, 1[M(BF4)3]. The complexes have been characterized by EA, IR, X-ray crystallography, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The resulting complexes crystallize in P-3 and the cations are located at the origin (0, 0, 0) and c/2 (0, 0, 0.5) on the c axis. Six tetrafluoroborate anions surround the cation sites and each binds to the sodium in a monodentate fashion and to the other cations in a bidentate fashion resulting in distorted octahedral and icosahedral complexes, respectively. Disorder is observed in the tetrafluoroborate anion of both 1[Na(BF4)3] and 1[Cs(BF4)3], resulting in two sets of fluorine atom positions (F set A and F set B), but is absent in the ammonium, potassium, and rubidium double salts. The disorder is attributed to coordination number preference and poor size match, respectively. The tetrafluoroborate anions are involved in extensive hydrogen bonding with the imidazole NH and imine CH of the iron complex. The hydrogen bonding arrangements observed with potassium, rubidium, cesium (F set A) and ammonium are almost identical with one another, but are altered in 1[Na(BF4)3] and 1[Cs(BF4)3] (F set B) complexes. These effects are explained on the basis of cation size. The formation of the double salt results in a shift in the spin equilibrium of the parent iron(II) complex from 62% high spin: 38% low spin at 295 K to pure low spin in the double salts.
A re-usable nylon socket holder for use with chronically embedded electrodes in the cat.

Abstract A nylon sleeve for use in housing a multiple lead socket to be attached to permanently embedded electrodes in animals is described. Low cost, durability and simplicity of construction, assembly and installation are among the advantages of the apparatus.
Status and future prospects for polarized heavy-ion sources

A ground state atomic beam source for producing polarized 6 Li nuclei is described. Representative data which cross calibrates three existing sources for 6 Li → + 12 C at 20 MeV are presented. Possible future systems for producing polarized heavy-ion beams are discussed.
Cardiovascular Screening of Adolescent Athletes

A preparticipation cardiovascular screening is recommended for all athletes with the aim of identifying conditions that increase the risk for adverse cardiac event, including sudden death. History and physical examination are the mainstay of cardiovascular screening of young athletes. The ability to identify athletes at risk, however, based on history and physical examination alone is low, and inclusion of an electrocardiogram as a screening tool has been suggested to improve the sensitivity of screening. This article provides an overview of key aspects of cardiovascular screening currently recommended in the United States for young athletes.
The emergence of new agents of foodborne disease in the 1980s

Abstract Within the past decade, major strides were made in our understanding of foodborne pathogens, with four relatively unknown bacteria identified as important causes of food-related illness. Campylobacter jejuni has risen from obscurity as a veterinary pathogen to recognition as the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in many countries. Vibrio vulnificus has been identified as a cause of severe seafood-related illnesses among individuals with liver dysfunction, with a mortality rate of >40%. Listeria monocytogenes is widely distributed in nature and unprocessed foods, and causes severe illness, principally in specific populations. Fortunately, listeriosis is relatively uncommon in the USA, with about 1700 cases occurring annually. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified as a pathogen in 1982 as a cause of hemorrhagic colitis (bloody diarrhea) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (kidney failure). Illnesses are often associated with eating undercooked ground beef. Dairy cattle are a reservoir of the organism. All of these bacteria are uniquely different, but proper cooking and hygienic handling of (cooked) foods before consumption would greatly reduce, if not eliminate, the risk of foodborne illness by these organisms.
Early adversity, socioemotional development, and stress in urban 1-year-old children.

Objective To determine demographic, maternal, and child factors associated with socioemotional (SE) problems and chronic stress in 1-year-old children. Study design This was a prospective, longitudinal, community-based study, which followed mother-infant dyads (n = 1070; representative of race, education, and income status of Memphis/Shelby County, Tennessee) from midgestation into early childhood. Child SE development was measured using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment in all 1097 1-year-olds. Chronic stress was assessed by hair cortisol in a subsample of 1-year-olds (n = 297). Multivariate regression models were developed to predict SE problems and hair cortisol levels. Results More black mothers than white mothers reported SE problems in their 1-year-olds (32.9% vs 10.2%; P P = .01). Blacks had higher hair cortisol levels than whites ( P P = .001), lower maternal depression score ( P = .01), lower birth length ( P P = .003). Conclusion Differences in maternal education, insurance, mental health, and early stress may disrupt SE development in children. Complex relationships between hair cortisol level in 1-year-olds and maternal parenting stress and depression symptoms suggest dysregulation of the child's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Viscosity coefficient of the quark-gluon plasma in the weak coupling limit

Abstract The shear viscosity coefficient of the quark-gluon plasma is calculated by considering the relaxation time approximation. Screening effects are taken into account by using an effective perturbation theory developed recently for the finite temperature QCD in the weak coupling limit. The result agrees with the one obtained from a variational approach to the Boltzmann equation, but is at variance to other results based on a Kubo-type formula.
Adsorption of peptides to poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide): 2. Effect of solution properties on the adsorption

Abstract The effect of pH, ionic strength, polarity and temperature on the adsorption of three peptides to poly(D,L-lactideco-glycolide) (PLGA) was evaluated. Maximum adsorption was found near the pI of the peptide for salmon calcitonin (sCT), triptorelin (DP) and a peptide comprising the 8–22 amino acid portion of sCT. For sCT, almost no adsorption was observed at pH
Collapse of an initially spherical vapour cavity in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary

Vapor bubble collapse problems lacking spherical symmetry are solved here using a numerical method designed especially for these problems. Viscosity and compressibility in the liquid are neglected. The method uses finite time steps and features an iterative technique for applying the boundary conditions at infinity directly to the liquid at a finite distance from the free surface. Two specific cases of initially spherical bubbles collapsing near a plane solid wall were simulated: a bubble initially in contact with the wall, and a bubble initially half its radius from the wall at the closest point. It is shown that the bubble develops a jet directed towards the wall rather early in the collapse history. Free surface shapes and velocities are presented at various stages in the collapse. Velocities are scaled like (Δp/ρ)^1/2 where ρ is the density of the liquid and Δp is the constant difference between the ambient liquid pressure and the pressure in the cavity. For Δp/ρ = 10^6 (cm/sec)^2 ~ 1 atm./density of water the jet had a speed of about 130 m/sec in the first case and 170 m/sec in the second when it struck the opposite side of the bubble. Such jet velocities are of a magnitude which can explain cavitation damage. The jet develops so early in the bubble collapse history that compressibility effects in the liquid and the vapor are not important.
The chimeric mapping problem: Algorithmic strategies and performance evaluation on synthetic genomic data

Abstract The Human Genome Project requires better software for the creation of physical maps of chromosomes. Current mapping techniques involve breaking large segments of DNA into smaller, more-manageable pieces, gathering information on all the small pieces, and then constructing a map of the original large piece from the information about the small pieces. Unfortunately, in the process of breaking up the DNA some information is lost and noise of various types is introduced; in particular, the order of the pieces is not preserved. Thus, the map maker must solve a combinatorial problem in order to reconstruct the map. Good software is indispensable for quick, accurate reconstruction. The reconstruction is complicated by various experimental errors. A major source of difficulty—which sems to be inherent to the recombination technology—is the presence of chimeric DNA clones. It is fairly common for two disjoint DNA pieces to form a chimera, i.e. a fusion of two pieces which appears as a single piece. Attempts to order chimera will fail unless they are algorithmically divided into their constituent pieces. Despite consensus within the genomic mapping community of the critical importance of correcting chimerism, algorithms for solving the chimeric clone problem have received only passing attention in the literature. Based on a model proposed by Lander (1992a, b) this paper presents the first algorithms for analyzing chimerism. We construct physical maps in the presence of chimerism by creating optimization functions which have minimizations which correlate with map quality. Despite the fact that these optimization functions are invariably NP-complete our algorithms are guaranteed to produce solutions which are close to the optimum. The practical import of using these algorithms depends on the strength of the correlation of the function to the map quality as well as on the accuracy of the approximations. We employ two fundamentally different optimization functions as a means of avoiding biases likely to decorrelate the solutions from the desired map. Experiments on simulated data show that both our algorithm which minimizes the number of chimeric fragments in a solution and our algorithm which minimizes the maximum number of fragments per clone in a solution do, in fact, correlate to high quality solutions. Furthermore, tests on simulated data using parameters set to mimic real experiments show that the algorithms have the potential to find high quality solutions with real data. We plan to test our software against real data from the Whitehead Institute and from Los Alamos Genomic Research Center in the near future.
Nybell, L., Shook, J., & Finn, J. (Eds.). (2009). Childhood, youth, and social work in transformation: Implications for policy and practice

New York: Columbia University Press, (464 pp., $60-hc, ISBN-978-0-231-518529). To practice, advise, or educate in human services it is vital that one understands the knowledge of the history and po...
Mono Lake Virus Infecting Argas Ticks (Acari: Argasidae) Associated with California Gulls Breeding on Islands in Mono Lake, California

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and identity of virus(es) associated with ticks and California gulls ( Larus californicus Lawrence) during July 1984 on islands in Mono Lake, Calif. A total of 800 Argas n. sp. was collected from under rocks associated with nests of this gull and assayed for virus. From 60 pools each containing 10 ticks and from 200 ticks tested individually, 28 isolates of virus recovered in Vero or baby hamster kidney cells were all identified as Mono Lake (ML) virus, both by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Neutralizing antibody to ML virus was detected in serum of 37% (17/46) of the gull chicks and two adult gulls tested. In the laboratory, 1-d-old domestic chickens were susceptible to infection with ML virus and subsequently produced antibody detectable by ELISA. Given an estimated overall infection rate of 4.7% for ticks, the prevalence of neutralizing antibody in young gulls, and the abundance of ticks, the potential for transmission of ML virus to California gulls breeding at Mono Lake would appear to be significant.
Barium titanate and barium strontium titanate coated carbon fibers for multifunctional structural capacitors

Multifunctional materials can increase the performance of a system through the integration of multiple separate functional components into a single material system. This design approach offers wide...
Protocol-directed care in the ICU: making a future generation of intensivists less knowledgeable?

Citation Prasad M, Holmboe ES, Lipner RS, Hess BJ, Christie JD, Bellamy SL, Rubenfeld GD, Kahn JM. Clinical Protocols and Trainee Knowledge About Mechanical Ventilation. JAMA. 2011; 306(9):935-941. PubMed PMID: 21900133 This is available on http://www.pubmed.gov
The proteins encoded by the rbs operon of escherichia coli: II. Use of chimeric protein constructs to isolate and characterize RbsC

Chimeric genes encoding full-length copies of rbsA and rbsC connected by segments coding for short bridge peptides were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Surprisingly, the chimeric genes complemented the strain in which rbsA and rbsC were deleted. The chimeric proteins were overproduced, and the products were purified by affinity chromatography. In order to obtain highly purified protein, a poly-His leader peptide was incorporated so that Ni-chelate affinity chromatography could be employed. The leader peptide and the bridge peptide were designed with factor Xa-cleavable sites to permit recovery of the individual RbsA and RbsC protein. A rbsC gene encoding a poly-His leader was also constructed and expressed. Both the chimeric RbsA-C species and the poly-HisRbsC were produced at levels that permitted isolation of the equivalent of milligram quantities of RbsC per liter of culture. This is a substantial increase in amounts from any previous RbsC production vectors. All proteins from the rbs operon have now been overproduced and substantially purified.
Neutron spectra and level density parameters from the 16O+12C fusion reaction

Residues following /sup 16/O+/sup 12/C fusion were identified by their characteristic ..gamma.. rays. For several transitions in /sup 23/Mg, /sup 25/Mg, and /sup 26/Al, coincident neutron spectra were measured at six angles. Through use of an evaporation code, comparisons were made of these spectra with predictions of the statistical model at five /sup 16/O projectile energies between 43.2 and 56.0 MeV. The result requires an excitation energy dependence for the effective radius parameter r/sub 0/, which determines the spin cutoff factor.
A Regge-quark model of hadron scattering

Abstract : One of the unique features of the quark model is that one obtains relationships between baryon-baryon cross sections and meson-baryon cross sections. A Regge quark model analysis was recently performed in which agreement between these relations and experiment was obtained only after a scale factor was introduced (N. Ahmadzadeh, Phys. Letters v22 p96 1966) in the N-N amplitude. It is now shown how this agreement may be obtained without introducing such a factor.
Document co-organization in an online knowledge community

We introduce the concept of "document co-organization" and describe such a system. By document co-organization we mean that individuals are allowed to hierarchically organize documents personally and share their hierarchies with others, while the system generates a "consensus" hierarchy from these personal hierarchies, which provides a full, common, and emergent view of all documents. By allowing users to retrieve documents from their own organization (hierarchy), another user's, the consensus hierarchy, or a time-based hierarchy, we provide access corresponding to different characteristics of knowledge tasks: they are personal, collective, social, and time-sensitive. In a class website experiment, we show that for a complex knowledge task, hierarchies are used more frequently than search. One surprising finding is how often students use others' personal hierarchies.
Automotive Adsorption Air Conditioner Powered by Exhaust Heat. Part 1: Conceptual and Embodiment Design:

AbstractThe significant power used by the mechanical compressor of an automobile (12-17 per cent during commuting for subcompact to mid-size cars) can be eliminated by powering the air conditioner with otherwise wasted exhaust heat. In the present work the conceptual and embodiment design of an exhaust-powered adsorption (desiccant-vapour) air conditioner are traced. The design is preceded by detailed discussion of automotive cooling requirements and the typical driving scenario on which the design is based. Adsorption cooling is then compared with other thermally powered cooling technologies [Stirling, absorption (liquid-vapour), and thermoelectric (i.e. Peltier)], demonstrating that adsorption is the best alternative in terms of size and mass. Next are described inventions to boost specific cooling power (SCP) in kW cooling per kg of air conditioner beyond the state of the art described in the literature while maintaining an adequately high coefficient of performance for cooling (COPc). The adsorbent is...
New Roles for Teachers Unions? Reform Unionism in School Decentralization.

Of late, teachers unions have worked together with district management in new and notable ways. This paper examines the role of teachers unions in shaping the Together Initiative (TI), which seeks to increase autonomy and broaden decision making in urban schools in one northeastern state. In general, state-level union leaders have taken more consistently reform-oriented stances than those adopted by their district-level counterparts. We found that district-level union leaders supported TI’s growth and were willing to work with district leaders to reform schools in districts where labor-management relations had been collaborative in recent years and in schools where union leaders trusted the principal. Where labor-management relations were less positive and the union viewed principals as more arbitrary, union leaders practiced more industrial-style leadership.
Experimental therapy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is a Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorder that is characterised by constitutional symptoms, progressive anaemia and extramedullary haematopoiesis. There are no curative therapies available for patients with MMM apart from stem cell transplantation, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and for which most patients are not suitable candidates. Traditional pharmacological therapy of MMM has focused on the palliation of symptoms associated with myeloproliferation and correction of cytopoenias. Recently, new findings regarding the molecular basis of MMM and the pathogenesis of the associated bone marrow stromal reaction have provided both basic and clinical researchers with invaluable tools to develop effective targeted therapies for patients with MMM. Several novel treatment strategies are being investigated including antiangiogenic agents, signal transduction inhibitors, inhibitors of fibrogenesis and small-molecule inhibitors of the JAK2(V617F )mutation. This article reviews the current status of experimental novel therapies for MMM.
Stationarity of the Market Model: Joint Tests of Process and Parameter Nonstationarity

Nonstationarity of the market model is due either to the model being nonstationary (given the nature of the distribution) or to the process generating the stock returns being nonstationary (given that the parameters are stationary) or to both. We demonstrate that when the effects of process nonstationarity are isolated from the effects due to parameter nonstationarity, betas for individual stocks are indeed nonstationary. Process nonstationarity dominates all the sources of nonstationarity in the market model for the Canadian stocks examined. An alternative beta adjustment model is proposed which incorporates beta nonstationarity. In terms of the MSE, this model is found to outperform the Blume and Bayes-Vasicek estimators. Resume Le caractere non-stationnaire du modele de marche s'explique soit par la nature non-stationnaire des parametres du modele (etant donne le type de distribution), soit par le caractere non-stationnaire du processus par lequel le rendement des actions est engendre, soit par l'effet des deux facteurs. Nous demontrons que les effets non-stationnaires dus au processus, une fois isoles de ceux dus auxparametres, les betas pour les actions individuelles sont en effect non-stationnaires. Il s'avere que le nonstationnaire du au processus l'emporte sur celui du a tous les facteurs dans le modele du marche, pour les actions canadiennes etudiees. Il a ete propose un modele alternatif pour l'ajustment des betas, qui tient compte du caractere non-stationnaire de ceux-ci. Cemodeles' avereplus precis que celui de Blume et Bayes-Vasicek en ce qui concerne la dimension de la EMS.
Using the direct numerical simulation to compute the slip boundary condition of the solid phase in two-fluid model simulations

Abstract The simulation of particulate flows for industrial applications often requires the use of two-fluid models, where the solid particles are considered as a separately continuous phase. One of the underlining uncertainties in the use of the two-fluid models in multiphase computations comes from the boundary condition of the solid phase. Typically, the gas or liquid fluid boundary condition at a solid wall is the so called no-slip condition, which has been widely accepted to be valid for single-phase fluid dynamics provided that the Knudsen number is low. However, the boundary condition for the solid phase is not well understood. The no-slip condition at a solid boundary is not a valid assumption for the solid phase. Instead, several researchers advocate a slip condition as a more appropriate boundary condition. However, the question on the selection of an exact slip length or a slip velocity coefficient is still unanswered. Experimental or numerical simulation data are needed in order to determinate the slip boundary condition that is applicable to a two-fluid model. In this paper, we investigate the motion of a number of particles near a vertical solid wall, while the particles are in fluidization by a uniform flow. By applying a direct numerical simulation (DNS), the positions and velocities of a total of 500 particles, initially randomly distributed in a 0.20 m × 0.80 m bed, are being tracked and analyzed at each time step. It is found that the motion of particles is highly unsteady. However, the time- and vertical-space averaged values of the particle velocities converge, yielding velocity profiles that can be used to deduce the particle slip length close to a solid wall. The simulation results show a significant amount downward particle slip close to a vertical wall, with the slip velocity increasing as the fluidization velocity increases. However, a negative slip length of approximately 1.2 particle diameters appears to exist. This slip length was found to be insensitive to the values of the fluidization velocity. We also obtained a power–law relationship between the fluidization velocity and fluid/solid fraction, yielding an exponent coefficient of 4.24 for circular particles. The fluidization of 10,000 particles by a jet flow has also been investigated. Significant slip velocity is also observed at the wall.
Purification and properties of a 4-nitrophenylphosphatase from Aspergillus niger.

Abstract A 4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41) was identified in extracts of Aspergillus niger . The production of this activity was decreased by growth on a phosphatelimiting medium and was greatest in a medium supplemented with corn steep liquor. The phosphatase activity was purified by hydrophobic, ion-exchange, and molecular sieve chromatography. The purified enzyme has a native size of approximately 80,000, polypeptide subunits with sizes of 37,000 upon denaturation, and a p I of 4.6. The activity was optimal at pH 8.0 and was stimulated by Mg 2+ and to a lesser extent by Mn 2+ but was inhibited by Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ . The enzyme was highly specific for 4-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, having a K m of 0.77 m m and a turnover number of 108 s −1 . The purified enzyme did not hydrolyze any of 22 sugar phosphates, mononucleotides, or other phosphocompounds tested. A small, but reproducible, amount of activity was measured using 5′-DNA phosphate as a substrate. Although some similarities exist to three previously characterized 4-nitrophenylphosphatases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the enzyme from A. niger is distinctly different from at least two of these activities.
A 0.05-26 GHz Direct Conversion I/Q Modulator MMIC

An integrated I/Q modulator is presented, implementing a static frequency divider for local oscillator (LO) quadrature phase splitting, Gilbert cell switching mixers for direct upconversion, and fabricated in a high speed Indium-Phosphide HBT process. LO quadrature is fine-tuned by a control voltage with 0.18 degrees/mV for 2.14 GHz operation. Single-sideband conversion gain ranges from -14 to -23 dB across the LO frequency range of 50 MHz to 26 GHz. Single-carrier W-CDMA ACPR ranges from -64 dBc to -53 dBc for approximately -20 dBm output power. Output intercept point (OIP3) ranges from +14 dBm at 50 MHz to +4.6 dBm at 26 GHz.
Incorporation of serine-3-C14 and formaldehyde-C14 into methionine in vitro. I. Role of folic acid.

Abstract Freshly prepared extracts of chick liver acetone powder catalyze the incorporation of C14 derived from serine-3-C14 and formaldehyde-C14 into methionine. On the other hand, the incorporation of formate-C14 into methionine, under identical experimental conditions, is poor compared with that of serine-3-C14 or formaldehyde-C14. Addition of pteroylglutamic acid (PGA), homocysteine, Mg++, DPN, and ATP enhances the incorporation of serine-3-C14 into methionine, while addition of aminopterin or omission of PGA from the reaction mixture significantly decreases the incorporation of serine-3-C14 or formaldehyde-C14 into methionine. The incorporation of serine-3-C14 into methionine is not affected by addition of a pool of unlabeled cystathionine.
StoryPlace.Me: the path from studying elder communication to a public location-based video service

We describe our research path that took us from studying communication needs across distance and generations, to a small-scale study of a person-to-person location-based video service, and finally to a public beta of StoryPlace.me which extends this service to support public video sharing and historical content. The process was not a clear, linear design path, but one of an unexpected change in focus that resulted in the current service which goes beyond the original vision of tools for inter-generational communication. We will describe our research methods as well as key findings from each step of our journey and conclude with implications for similar product concept generation activities.
An Introduction to Topology

Definition de la topologie comme une discipline de la geometrie metrique qui consiste a reperer les proprietes invariables d'une surface en transformation (l'elasticite par exemple). Examinant des figures telles que le plan, le cylindre, la sphere et le disque ouvert, l'A. montre que le fini et l'infini ne sont pas des proprietes topologiques
Mood Alterations in Older Adults following Acute Exercise

Limited research indicates positive affective change following acute bouts of exercise, but whether this improved affect among younger subjects may be generalized to older individuals is not known....
Reduced Fibroblast Interaction with Intact Collagen as a Mechanism for Depressed Collagen Synthesis in Photodamaged Skin

This report provides evidence from a number of different approaches (i.e., comparison of cell shape in 1-μm sections of photodamaged versus healthy skin at the light microscopic level; comparison of cell shape and apposition to collagen fibrils in ultrathin sections of the same tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence staining for adhesion site protein expression and actin filament architecture in frozen tissue sections) that dermal cells in healthy skin are attached to collagen fibrils over a large part of the cell border, have a flattened/spread (two-dimensional) appearance and have abundant actin in their cytoplasm. In contrast, cells in photodamaged skin are often in contact with fragmented collagen or amorphous debris rather than intact collagen, have a collapsed/elongated shape, and have a lower amount of actin. Collagen synthesis is reduced in severely photodamaged skin relative to collagen synthesis in corresponding sun-protected skin (N Engl J Med 329:530, 1993). We hypothesize that fibroblasts in severely damaged skin have less interaction with intact collagen and as a result experience a reduction in mechanical tension. Decreased collagen synthesis is (presumed to be) the result.
On assessing the mood of the public toward the police: Some conceptual issues

The use of attitudinal surveys has become a widely accepted method for the incorporation of public opinion in public policy decisions. Because of the assumption that the interpretation of such surveys is straightforward and clear, little critical attention has been devoted to the methodological and theoretical problems encountered when translating these findings into public policy. A case in point involves the proliferation of surveys aimed at assessing the mood of the public toward the police. A review of the literature reveals that the research findings about the public mood are contradictory and thus lack convergent validity. The findings of this study indicate that this lack of convergent validity in the images of the public toward the police can be explained on both methodological and theoretical grounds. More specifically, the findings indicate that the mood of the public is very different depending on the level of specificity of the items used to tap that mood. Items eliciting evaluations of a general nature show the public as supportive of the police, while items of a specific nature show much less public support. This apparent paradox is explained through the use of a theoretical framework developed by Easton (1965), which emphasizes diffuse and specific support as external influences on institutions.
Transcription of tomato ribosomal DNA and the organization of the intergenic spacer.

The organization of the intergenic spacer of a 9.04 kb tomato ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) was determined. The 3258 by spacer contains two major repeat elements enclosing a region which includes 351 by of an 81.8% A–T rich sequence. A block of nine 53 by repeats begins 388 by downstream from the 3′ end of the 25S rRNA. The A–T rich domain is followed by a block of six 141 by repeats terminating 818 by upstream from the 5′ end of the 18S rRNA. Major pre-rRNAs of 7.6 and 6.5 kb were observed by Northern hybridization analysis. The 5′ termini of these RNAs were identified through combined S1 nuclease and primer extension analyses. The 7.6 kb RNA is likely to be the primary transcript; its 5′ terminus lies within a sequence motif, TATA(R)TA(N)GGG, conserved at the termini of transcripts mapped in three other plant species. The 6.5 kb RNA is interpreted as a 5′ end processed transcript derived from the 7.6 kb RNA. Comparative analysis of transcribed sequences revealed a 25 by domain of the intergenic spacer which is relatively conserved among five plant species. The conservation of spacer sequences in plants is in contrast to the extensive sequence divergence of the intergenic spacer in other non-plant systems and suggests a conserved function directed by these sequences.
Theta Series of Quaternion Algebras over Function Fields

Abstract Let K be the function field over a finite field of odd order, and let H be a definite quaternion algebra over K. If Λ is an order of level M in H, we define theta series for each ideal I of Λ using the reduced norm on H. Using harmonic analysis on the completed algebra H∞ and the arithmetic of quaternion algebras, we establish a transformation law for these theta series. We also define analogs of the classical Hecke operators and show that in general, the Hecke operators map the theta series to a linear combination of theta series attached to different ideals, a generalization of the classical Eichler Commutation Relation.
Characterization of dilute gas-solids flows using the rescaled range analysis

Abstract A diagnostic technique to predict the flow patterns of fully developed flows of dilute gas-solids suspensions inside horizontal straight pipes has been developed. This technique is based on the rescaled range analysis of absolute and differential wall pressure fluctuating signals. The Hurst's exponent, a single statistical parameter that characterizes the wall pressure signals, suggests the flow regime at which the system is operating. The gas-solids suspension generates its own characteristic fluctuations as it flows inside the pipe, which is like a ‘finger print’ of each flow regime. Experiments have been carried out in a 2 in pipeline with 3 mm poly(ester) polymers, 450 μm glass beads, and 450 μm alumina at different loading conditions so that different flow regimes could be achieved. The study includes the generation of general state diagrams and flow-pattern maps to fully understand the complex behavior of particles conveyed pneumatically through pipelines.
Partynomialism, bureaucratism, and economic reform in the Soviet power-system

Recent developments in the USSR demonstrate a new phase of political thaw in the cycle of oscillation between periods of hard-line authoritarianism and (relative) liberalization characteristic of Soviet policy since the death of Stalin. And as usual, the issue of economic reform lies at the heart of much broader questions concerning democracy and accountability in government. In a way, the connection between economic and political liberalization seems obvious enough. Because Stalinism is defined by the link between the command economy and state terror, it is hardly surprising that the ideology of market socialism has figured prominently in movements for reform in the Soviet powersystem. Nevertheless, the relation between economic reform and changing modes of party control remains a matter of much theoretical controversy. The nub of the dispute concerns the usefulness of assimilating state socialism to some version of a capitalist model, and then treating them as analogous social formations. The trouble with this procedure, as Goldthorpe long ago pointed out in his demolition-job on the "logic of industrialism,"1 is that it usually ends up as an appeal to some kind of base/superstructure distinction, ultimately derived from Marxian political economy. The model can vary greatly in degrees of sophistication, and in form (neo-marxist, functionalist, or marxisant), but the basic problem remains the same. The assumption is that, at the most fundamental level of analysis, communist and capitalist industrialism are homologous structures of power, so that the striking differences between them, in terms of class structure and political organization, cannot be explained, only explained away. In this essay I propose a way to analyze communist industrialism that takes these differences as its starting-point, and connects the explanation of conflict and change in the system to the dual and contradictory role of the party machine. The communist party-state is not just a form
A Model for the Formation and Lysis of Blood Clots

Both biochemical and mechanical factors have to be taken into account if a meaningful model for the formation, growth, and lysis of clots in flowing blood is to be developed. Most models that are curr
Human behavior, explanation, archaeology, history, and science

Anyone proposing to increase the volume of essays on the intellectual foundations of archaeology is automatically under suspicion of hubris if not something worse. Our justification for still another effort is, of course, that we think the present situation exhibits confusion and misunderstanding that can be cleared away by careful analysis of some of the claims made in the name of science, history, or just plain truth. We do not pretend to give a complete and balanced description and analysis of the literature devoted to these intellectual foundations; instead, we confine ourselves to a few topics as illustrated by a few sources. In particular, we are concerned with the claims of excessive scientism and excessive historicism. In extreme form, scientism refers here to the view that there is a scientific method that can provide full understanding of the data of archaeology (and any other field of scientific inquiry) if it is applied diligently and correctly and that our failure to achieve full understanding of the data is the result of failure in the application of scientific method. Historicism in extreme form is the view that human behavior has a special character which precludes explanation by scientific methods because it is not governed by scientific laws; understanding is attained not through scientific explanation but rather through our peculiarly human ability to empathize, to enter into passions, fears, calculations, and aspirations of past humans. We will attempt to clarify these concepts and their archaeological implications with the aid of a brief discussion of 19th century and later philosophies of history and science followed by a consideration of two examples of commentary on archaeological philosophizing by philosophers. Our discussion of intellectual history leans heavily on the work of Barraclough (1962) and Berlin (1966).
Dissecting aneurysms of the aorta: Present status of drug versus surgical therapy

Abstract Dissecting aneurysm is the most common acute catastrophe involving the aorta, occurring at the rate of about 5 per year per one million population and representing about one in each 500 autopsies. Fewer than 5 per cent of patients with acute dissecting aneurysms of the aorta die immediately and in most patients there is adequate time to make the definitive diagnosis and institute treatment. Intensive drug therapy is the initial treatment of choice in most dissecting aneurysms of the aorta, and particularly so in the acute cases, where the success rate approaches 90 per cent. Surgical therapy should be used in acute dissecting aneurysms only in cases of failure of drug therapy to control hypertension and/or progression of dissection, impending rupture, uncontrollable aortic valve insufficiency, or occlusion of major branches of the aorta. Surgical therapy is indicated electively in the chronic dissection with severe aortic valve insufficiency or enlargement of a localized aneurysm.
Have you seen any of these men?: looking at whether eyewitnesses use scanpaths to recognize suspects in photo lineups

The repeated viewing of a suspect's face by an eyewitness during the commission of a crime and subsequently when presented with suspects in a photo lineup provides a real-world scenario where Noton and Stark's 1971 "scanpath theory" of visual perception and memory can be tested. Noton and Stark defined "scanpaths" as repetitive sequences of fixations and saccades that occur during exposure and subsequently upon re-exposure to a visual stimulus, facilitating recognition. Ten subjects watched a video of a staged theft in a parking lot. Scanpaths were recorded for the initial viewing of the suspect's face and a later close-up viewing of the suspect's face in the video, and then on the suspect's face when his picture appeared 24 hours later in a photo lineup constructed by law enforcement officers. These scanpaths were compared using the string-edit methodology to measure resemblance between sequences. Preliminary analysis showed support for repeated scanpath sub-sequences. In the analysis of four clusters of scanpaths, there was little within-subject resemblance between full scanpath sequences but seven of 10 subjects had repeated scanpath sub-sequences. When a subject's multiple scanpaths across the suspect's photo in the lineup were compared, instances of within-subjects repetition of short scanpaths occurred more often than expected due to chance.