cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The inductance of planar structures

A method for calculating the inductance of planar-spiral structures in the presence, and in the absence, of magnetic core material is presented. In this method, the current is assumed to flow in the exact center of the planar conductor. Simplified expressions for the self inductance of each turn comprising the inductor, and the mutual inductance between turns on the same layer of the inductor are developed. An expression for the leakage flux between turns on adjacent layers is presented. The effect of a magnetic core on the inductance is considered, and an equivalent magnetic circuit for the core is developed. At the measurement frequency of 100 kHz, the new expressions exhibit better agreement with measurements than do existing ones presented in the literature. >
A Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Plea Bargaining Among a Sample of Waiver-Eligible Offenders

This study examines the use of plea bargaining among a sample of waiver-eligible juveniles. Using focal concerns as our theoretical foundation, we examine whether concerns about public safety and blameworthiness help to shape plea bargain decision making. Data from a juvenile court in one South Carolina jurisdiction were analyzed using logistic regression (N = 241). This research finds that several factors influence the plea bargain decision including type of offense, number of victims, age, and race. Additionally, the analysis shows that there are several interactive effects between race, first-time offenders, and presence of an attorney. The theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed. KW: Juvenile justice Language: en
Wireless Point-of-Care Diagnosis for Sleep Disorder With Dry Nanowire Electrodes

Currently, available sleep monitoring systems use electrical recording where the electrodes make contact with the patient’s skin using a conducting gel. The electrode wires are connected to a processing recording system. The subject has to be in close proximity of these machines due to the direct electrical connections with the body and the machine. The conductive gel along with many wires connected to the biopotential electrodes makes them uncomfortable for the subject, with the result that recording and monitoring of the patient’s sleep patterns can become very difficult. The patient has to be in a sleep lab and/or a hospital at all times and at least one technician needs to watch the patient’s sleep behavior via video. The patient may not experience normal sleep patterns under such environments and as such, the diagnostic results are not really very conclusive. The commonly monitored biopotential electrodes are electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and electrooculogram. The electrodes used for monitoring these signals are Ag/AgCl and gold, which require skin preparation by means of scrubbing to remove the dead cells and application of electrolytic gel to reduce the skin contact resistance. The gel takes a role of reducing skin contact impedance in the conventional Ag/AgCl electrode and its usage is directly related to the sensitivity. However, the wet conventional Ag/AgCl electrode has some drawbacks such as difficulty in long time monitoring because the gel dries out after few hours and skin irritations. Usually, physiological parameters are monitored over an extended period of time during the patient’s normal daily life to diagnose a disease. In this case, the wet conventional Ag/AgCl cannot be used because of the dry-out of gel. The dry-out of gel increases the impedance between skin and electrode and it is reflected in the poor signal sensitivity. Also noises, such as motion artifact and baseline wander, are added to the biopotential signals as the electrode floats over the electrolytic gel during monitoring. To overcome these drawbacks, dry nanoelectrodes are proposed in this paper where the electrodes are held against the skin surface to establish contact with the skin without the need for electrolytic fluids or gels. The results are presented along with a wireless communication such that the proposed system is ideal for point-of-care diagnosis of the patient at home.
Utilizing a PACS-integrated Ultrasound-guided Breast Biopsy Simulation Exercise to Reinforce the ACR Practice Guideline for Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Breast Interventional Procedures During Radiology Residency

Rationale and Objectives A picture archiving and communication system (PACS)–integrated ultrasound-guided (USG) breast intervention simulation exercise was designed for radiology residency education. The purpose of this study was to describe the initial experience and determine if resident understanding of the American College of Radiology (ACR) practice guideline for the performance of USG percutaneous breast interventional procedures and procedural confidence is improved with the implementation of this simulation exercise. Materials and Methods Radiology residents ( n = 11) volunteered to perform percutaneous USG cyst aspiration, 14-gauge automated core biopsy, and 10-gauge vacuum core biopsy on turkey breast phantoms, with an emphasis on capturing ultrasound images demonstrating appropriate documentation of the procedure and image annotation according to the ACR practice guideline for USG percutaneous interventions. The images were transmitted to the PACS for subsequent attending radiologist review. Survey responses regarding procedural confidence and knowledge of the ACR practice guideline were compared between residents with and without the simulator experience. Results Residents with simulation exercise experience showed statistically significant increases in confidence performing USG core biopsies, operating biopsy devices and ultrasound equipment, and knowledge of appropriate needle positioning and image annotation and documentation according to the ACR practice guideline. The increased confidence seen in performing USG cyst aspiration barely missed statistical significance ( P = .056), likely because of residents' baseline familiarity with the procedure. Conclusions A PACS-integrated USG breast intervention simulation exercise increases residents' procedural confidence and understanding of the ACR practice guideline for the performance of USG percutaneous breast interventional procedures.
Importance of color in the segmentation of variegated surfaces.

We examined how variations in color and brightness are used by the visual system in distinguishing textured surfaces that differed in their first- or second-order statistics. Observers viewed a 32×32 array containing two types of square elements differing in chromaticity or luminance or both. The spatial distributions of the two kinds of elements were varied within the array until observers could distinguish two juxtaposed regions. At low but not at high contrast, observers are better able to distinguish regions when the elements differ only in chromaticity than when they differ only in luminance. The advantage of color at low contrasts results from the greater visibility of the arrays defined by color variation. An observer’s capacity to distinguish textures defined by variations in first-order chromatic statistics is little affected by the addition of achromatic noise but is more affected by the addition of chromatic noise. The relative robustness of chromatic cues in the face of achromatic noise leaves the visual system well equipped to exploit color variations in segmenting complex scenes, even in the presence of variations in brightness. This capacity seems to depend on mechanisms that sum over large regions: When surfaces differ in their second-order statistics and cannot be distinguished by mechanisms that sum over large regions, the advantage of color is much diminished.
Solution structure and dynamics of linked cell attachment modules of mouse fibronectin containing the RGD and synergy regions: comparison with the human fibronectin crystal structure.

We report the three-dimensional solution structure of the mouse fibronectin cell attachment domain consisting of the linked ninth and tenth type III modules, mFnFn3(9,10). Because the tenth module contains the RGD cell attachment sequence while the ninth contains the synergy region, mFnFn3(9,10) has the cell attachment activity of intact fibronectin. Essentially complete signal assignments and approximately 1800 distance and angle restraints were derived from multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectra. These restraints were used with a hybrid distance geometry/simulated annealing protocol to generate an ensemble of 20 NMR structures having no distance or angle violations greater than 0.3Aor 3°. Although the β-sheet core domains of the individual modules are well-ordered structures, having backbone atom rmsd values from the mean structure of 0.51(±0.12) and 0.40(±0.07)A, respectively, the rmsd of the core atom coordinates increases to 3.63(±1.41)Awhen the core domains of both modules are used to align the coordinates. The latter result is a consequence of the fact that the relative orientation of the two modules is not highly constrained by the NMR restraints. Hence, while structures of the β-sheet core domains of the NMR structures are very similar to the core domains of the crystal structure of hFnFn3(9,10), the ensemble of NMR structures suggests that the two modules form a less extended and more flexible structure than the fully extended rod-like crystal structure. The radius of gyration,Rg, of mFnFn3(9,10) derived from small-angle neutron scattering measurements, 20.5(±0.5)A, agrees with the average Rgcalculated for the NMR structures, 20.4A, and is ca 1Aless than the value of Rg calculated for the X-ray structure. The values of the rotational anisotropy,D∥/D⊥, derived from an analysis of 15N relaxation data, range from 1.7 to 2.1, and are significantly less than the anisotropy of 2.67 predicted by hydrodynamic modeling of the crystal coordinates. In contrast, hydrodynamic modeling of the NMR coordinates yields anisotropies in the range of 1.9 to 2.7 (average 2.4(±0.2)), with NMR structures bent by more than 20° relative the crystal structure having calculated anisotropies in best agreement with experiment. In addition, the relaxation parameters indicate that several loops in mFnFn3(9,10), including the RGD loop, are flexible on the nanosecond to picosecond time-scale. Taken together, our results suggest that, in solution, the limited set of interactions between the mFnFn3(9,10) modules position the RGD and synergy regions to interact specifically with cell surface integrins, and at the same time permit sufficient flexibility that allows mFnFn3(9,10) to adjust for some variation in integrin structure or environment.
Full disclosure is only the first step in managing potential conflicts of interest: commentary on an article by Young-Kyun Lee, MD, et al. “Conflict of interest in the assessment of thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty. A systematic review”.

Conflicts of interest may result from a large number of both financial and non-financial relationships in our private and professional lives1,2,3. Recognizing that it is unrealistic to eliminate all potential conflicts, medicine as a profession has attempted to develop mechanisms to manage these sources of bias2. Over the past decade, the concepts of transparency and full disclosure of potential conflicts of interest have rightfully become accepted in all areas of medicine, including research, education, and patient care. Indeed, measures such as the standardized format, developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, for the self reporting of potential conflicts of interest (adopted by JBJS for all manuscripts submitted after January 1, 2011) are an important first step in securing our professional credibility3. However, such efforts perhaps only alert the reader to the most overt potential sources of bias. Unfortunately, other important forms of bias may be pervasive but go unrecognized. One of these trends is the systematic bias of published reports favoring products produced by companies funding the research1,4. This type of bias may only be revealed through systematic reviews and meta-analyses of entire fields of research. In this paper, Lee and colleagues present …
Centrifugally Pumped Thermosiphons for Motor Rotor Cooling

This paper presents a detailed approach to provide improved cooling and heat spreading in electric machine rotors using centrifugally-pumped revolving thermosiphons. Design concepts are discussed that offer the following advantages: (1) high thermal performance across a wide range of operating points; (2) low-impedance heat paths; (3) excellent opportunities for integration with electric machine design for improved electromagnetic performance and structural design, as well as practical, cost-effective manufacturing. It takes advantage of centrifugal force to provide effective inertial pumping over a wide range of operating conditions. In addition, the new thermosiphon design is compatible with existing standard electric machine manufacturing techniques and cooling needs. A condenser section fin and ramp structure provides consistently high condensation performance. Surface texture design to promote effective nucleate boiling at high speeds is discussed, and fluid fill factor is analyzed. Applications include induction and PM synchronous machines. Benefits of these thermosiphons include increased steady-state power and torque density, increased and more consistent efficiency, and reduced permanent magnet volume and cost in PM synchronous machines. Other applications may include centrifugal gas compression, chemical processes, and machine tools.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Comprehensive cross-hierarchy cluster agreement evaluation

Hierarchical clustering represents a family of widely used clustering approaches that can organize objects into a hierarchy based on the similarity in objects' feature values. One significant obstacle facing hierarchical clustering research today is the lack of general and robust evaluation methods. Existing works rely on a range of evaluation techniques including both internal (no ground-truth is considered in evaluation) and external measures (results are compared to ground-truth semantic structure). The existing internal techniques may have strong hierarchical validity, but the available external measures were not developed specifically for hierarchies. This lack of specificity prevents them from comparing hierarchy structures in a holistic, principled way. To address this problem, we propose the Hierarchy Agreement Index, a novel hierarchy comparison algorithm that holistically compares two hierarchical clustering results (e.g. ground-truth and automatically learned hierarchies) and rates their structural agreement on a 0-1 scale. We compare the proposed evaluation method with a baseline approach (based on computing F-Score results between individual nodes in the two hierarchies) on a set of unsupervised and semi-supervised hierarchical clustering results, and observe that the proposed Hierarchy Agreement Index provides more intuitive and reasonable evaluation of the learned hierarchies.
Validation of deconvolution analysis of LH secretion and half-life

Deconvolution methods constitute a class of analytic tools to quantitate hormone secretion and/or clearance in vivo. Although mathematically rigorous, deconvolution techniques have assumed, rather than proven, validity. Accordingly, we tested the validity of deconvolution analysis on true-positive human, animal (sheep and monkey), and computer-simulated data using the luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse signal as a relevant paradigm. We found that multiparameter deconvolution analysis has high discriminative sensitivity (human data 91%, animal 81%, computer-stimulated 95%) and specificity (human 90%, animal 81%, computer-simulated 100%). Sensitivity was impaired by low secretory burst amplitude ( 15%). Specificity was hindered by noise. Deconvolution accurately characterized the unknown hormone half-life (r = +0.994) and production rate (r = +0.990). Interoperator reliability was high when statistically based criteria for secretory pulse detection were applied. We conclude that multiparameter deconvolution, within recognizable constraints, is a valid and reliable tool for in vivo investigation of hormone secretion and half-life.
Auditory Biofeedback Decreases Jump Performance In Figure Skaters

AT A GLANCE The few studies that have attempted to produce increase in jump height in figure skaters have failed to do so. The current study attempted to achieve that goal using auditory biofeedback. Though increased jump height was not identified, the results confirmed previous studies in that auditory biofeedback led to changes in the observed movement pattern.
Basic fibroblast growth factor eluting microspheres enhance distraction enterogenesis.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if distraction enterogenesis using self-expanding polycaprolactone (PCL) springs is a potential therapy for short bowel syndrome. Sustained release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) microspheres have been shown to induce angiogenesis and intestinal regeneration in tissue engineered scaffolds. We hypothesized that the provision of bFGF-loaded microspheres would increase angiogenesis and thereby enhance the process of enterogenesis. Methods A 10-mm segment of rodent jejunum was isolated and an encapsulated PCL spring inserted. Blank or bFGF-loaded microspheres were delivered to the segment. After 4 weeks, jejunal segments were assessed for lengthening, morphology, quantification of blood vessels, and ganglia. Results Lengthened intestinal segments receiving bFGF microspheres demonstrated significantly increased microvascular density compared to those with blank microspheres. There were also significantly more submucosal and myenteric ganglia in the segments that received bFGF microspheres. Segments achieved similar lengthening and final muscular thickness in both blank and bFGF groups, but the bFGF microsphere caused a significant increase in luminal diameter of the jejunal segment. Conclusion Sustained release bFGF microspheres enhanced distraction enterogenesis through improved vascularity. The synergy of growth factors such as bFGF with distraction enterogenesis may yield improved results for the future treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome.
Synthesis of Mg2Si based thermoelectric composite by mechanical alloying

The formation process of Mg2Si based thermoelectric composite made by mechanical alloying was investigated.The MA was performed in a planetary ball mill using three elemental powders. The powders were prepared by the mixing of Mg2Si, Mg2Si-xmass%SiC(x=4, 8) and Mg2Si-xmass%FeSi2 (x=20, 40, 60, 80, 100). The structural evolution during milling was detected by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The heat treatment was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Microstructural changes were mainly investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and optical microscopy(OM).The formation of the Mg2Si phase is observed after milling for 1080ks under At atmosphere. But the milling time to form Mg2Si became shorter by milling with including another element such as Fe, Si, N and SiC. The structure of Mg2Si milled under N2 atmosphere became most fine. For Mg2Si-xmass%FeSi2 including less than 60mass%FeSi2, the phase of Mg2Si, FeSi, Fe and Si were observed in the powder milled after 360ks. On the other hand, for Mg2Si-80mass%FeSi2, the phase of Mg2Si and FeSi was not observed but Fe and Si was only observed independent on milling time.
Spectroscopic and computational studies of cobalamin species with variable lower axial ligation: implications for the mechanism of Co-C bond activation by class I cobalamin-dependent isomerases.

5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12, AdoCbl) serves as the cofactor for several enzymes that play important roles in fermentation and catabolism. All of these enzymes initiate catalysis by promoting homolytic cleavage of the cofactor’s Co–C bond in response to substrate binding to their active sites. Despite considerable research efforts, the role of the lower axial ligand in facilitating Co–C bond homolysis remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we characterized several derivatives of AdoCbl and its one-electron reduced form, Co(II)Cbl, by using electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies. To complement our experimental data, we performed computations on these species, as well as additional Co(II)Cbl analogues. The geometries of all species investigated were optimized using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method, and the optimized geometries were used to compute absorption spectra with time-dependent density functional theory. Collectively, our results...
BMET-33ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL TRANSPHENOIDAL RESECTION OF A MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA TO THE SELLA TURCICA

The authors present a case of a 71 year old female with a past medical history significant for mantle cell lymphoma isolated to the peritoneal cavity treated approximately 10 years prior. The patient was deemed to be in remission, but presented to her primary care physician with symptoms of progressive deterioration of her visual fields. An MRI of the brain revealed a contrast enhancing sellar lesion which extended posteriorly to the tentorium cerebelli on the left side. The lesion was noted to cause optic chiasm compression as well as invasion within the cavernous sinus. The patient underwent a successful optic chiasm decompression via an endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal resection of the lesion. Post-operatively, the patient was noted to have a marked improvement in her visual fields. The final pathology revealed mantle cell lymphoma within the sella turcica lesion. The patient received systemic and intra-thecal chemotherapy with exceptional results. Follow-up MRI of the brain revealed interval resolution of the lesion. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of mantle cell lymphoma within the sella turcica.
Input-Sensitive Profiling: A Survey

Abstract Input-sensitive profiling is an automated analysis technique that calculates the resource usages (eg, the memory and the CPU usage) by methods during program execution for different combinations of input values. In addition to enabling developers to estimate the time and space complexities of a program, input-sensitive profiling also allows developers to automatically detect bottlenecks during performance testing, where the performance of a program suddenly worsens for a particular combination of input parameter values. One of the important advantages of this profiling technique is to identify what methods consume more resources (eg, CPU and memory usages) for specific combinations of input values and pinpoint why these methods are responsible for intensive execution time. Hence, developers can understand and optimize performance problems in a program, and they can predict how likely that a program might not scale with increasing the size of the input (eg, adding more users or a larger set of values for a given input parameter). Unfortunately, it is very difficult to identify specific input values from a large number of combinations that lead to performance degradation of programs. The aim of this survey is to explore the input-sensitive profiling problem and discuss its challenges. Some recent contributions of input-sensitive profiling algorithms that were developed to detect performance bottlenecks of a program are investigated and summarized.
Experimental Researches on the Acoustic Emission(AE) Characteristics of the Tensile Process of FRP Composite Material

The tensile damage and fracture behavior of FRP composite material were researched using acoustic emission technique.AE signals released from tensile damage process of the specimens of FRP composite material were acquired using a wideband transducer.The AE time-history chart of unidirectional FRP composite material was analyzed using AE parameter analysis method,the damage type and signal characteristics in each damage phase of composite materials were derived in the tensile process.Some typical fracture surfaces of the specimen were observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),and the different damage mechanisms were compared and analyzed.The experimental analyses show that the damage mechanism in the tensile process has a remarkable influence on the characteristics of AE signals,there is a significant difference among the frequency spectrum characteristics of the signals in various damage modes.
Ultrafine Particles from Chemistry Reaction of Indoor Ozone and Toluene Pollutions

Chemical reaction and secondary pollutant of ozone and toluene as indoor contaminants were studied to improve indoor air quality.Based on the theory of chemistry reaction of ozone and toluene,as both reactants were filled in a small-scale environmental chambert,he concentrations of ozonet,oluene and particles were measured by relative instruments on real time.The experimental results show that toluene has an oxidation reaction with ozone and conduces to the decay of ozone concentration.When toluene is filled into the chamber,concentration of small particles with number median diameter lower than 0.27 μm increases obviously.When the particles concentration reaches to the maximum,99.75% of the total parti-cles is small particles including the ultrafine particles.It is concluded that both contaminants can react with each other,and their combination can result in more inhalable particles including ultrafine particles as secondary pollutants to affect indoor air quality.
Abstract B31: Bladder cancer patient urinary exosomes and tumors contain long noncoding RNA that may serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers

While long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play important roles in tumor biology including bladder cancer (BC), no previous studies have shown that lncRNAs in BC patient urinary exosomes (UEs) can function as biomarkers of disease. Exosomes are 30-150nm secreted membrane-bound vesicles that contain active biomolecules like: messenger(m)RNA, micro(mi)RNA, lncRNA and proteins generated from their cells of origin. In this study, we identified a panel of lncRNAs and mRNAs enriched in the UEs and tumors of BC patients, including the well-characterized lncRNA, HOTAIR. In order to elucidate if HOTAIR has a functional role in BC, we knocked it down in BC cell lines. Loss of HOTAIR resulted in reduced expression of known HOTAIR epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT) target genes, as well as reduced migration, and invasion using trans-well and 3-D culture assays. These data suggest that HOTAIR may serve as both a biomarker in UEs and as a potential therapeutic target. Critically, we RNA-Sequenced primary tumors, distal normal tissue (DNT) and UEs of BC patients and UEs from healthy volunteers (HV) to identify two novel lncRNAs, LINC00477 and LINC00940 enriched in BC patients9 UEs and tumors. These candidate lncRNAs were confirmed with quantitative real time (qRT-PCR). Taken together, UE lncRNA content reflect the lncRNA content of BC tumors and may serve as biomarkers of disease. Further investigation is needed to validate the use of the lncRNAs presented in this study as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in relevant patient populations. Citation Format: Claudia Berrondo, Jonathan Flax, Aisha Siebert, Victor Kucherov, Alex Rosenberg, Christopher Fucile, Carla Beckham. Bladder cancer patient urinary exosomes and tumors contain long noncoding RNA that may serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B31.
Dynamic, Instance-based, object-oriented programming in Max/MSP using open sound control message delegation

A new media programming style is introduced that brings efficient run-time polymorphism, functional and instance-based object-oriented programming to Max/MSP and related visual dataflow languages. Examples are presented to illustrate new, unusual and effective applications of the approach of using OSC messages for object representations and data flow for method delegation.
Cooking and palatability traits of beef longissimus steaks cooked with a belt grill or an open hearth electric broiler

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of belt grill and Open Hearth electric broiler cookery on palatability and cooking traits of longissimus steaks. The longissimus thoracis from carcasses of grain-fed steers or heifers was used. Duplicate measurements were made for Warner-Bratzler shear force at 3 and at 14 d after slaughter (n = 180) and trained sensory evaluation at 14 d after slaughter (n = 91) using both cooking methods. Belt grill-cooked samples had lower (P <.01) percentage of cooking losses (21.5 vs 25.8%) and higher (P <.01) shear force values (4.6 vs 4.3 kg) than electric broiler-cooked samples. Repeatability of duplicate measurements was higher for cooking losses (.58 vs.23) and shear force values (.85 vs.64) for belt grill than for electric broiler cooked samples. Belt grilled steaks had lower (P <.01) cooking losses (20.2 vs 29.8%); higher ( P <.01) tenderness (7.0 vs 6.7) and juiciness (6.0 vs 5.1); and lower (P <.02) connective tissue amount (7.7 vs 7.8), beef flavor intensity (5.0 vs 5.1), and off-flavor (3.2 vs 3.3) ratings than steaks cooked with the electric broiler. Belt grill cooking increased the repeatability of duplicate sensory measurements for tenderness (.87 vs.71), connective tissue amount (.66 vs .30), and juiciness (.51 vs.08) ratings, and cooking losses (.63 vs.18) compared with cooking with the electric broiler. Belt grill cooking increased the precision for measurements of cooking, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and palatability traits of beef longissimus thoracis.
An Overview on Nutraceuticals and Herbal Supplements for Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Diabetes mellitus and obesity are rapidly becoming a growing epidemic. Although available medical treatments are undergoing a rapid evolvement, many people turn to nutraceuticals and dietary supplements for treatment and prevention of these conditions. Products are freely available over-the-counter with alluring advertisements and testimonials to draw consumers. The range of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements that may have a potential efficacy continues to expand. In this article we will undertake a review of several popular nutraceuticals and supplements used in the management of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Preliminary animal and laboratory studies provide an introduction to the potential versatile and complex effect of these products on the biochemical and clinical end points of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Understanding the dynamics of prison violence: An experiential model for teaching and training

Although a number of intervention and prevention strategies have been attempted, violence in prisons continues to be a substantial problem. This paper provides an experiential case studies model for acquainting students and correctional practitioners with the realities involved in volatile prison situations. Analytical and experiential case studies methods are compared. Sample cases are included to aid student/practitioners in perceiving and resolving violence-related problems from the perspective of the different populations (e.g., inmate, administrative) found in a typical prison environment.
Nonnegative Methods for Bilinear Discontinuous Differencing of the SN Equations on Quadrilaterals

Historically, matrix lumping and ad hoc flux fixups have been the only methods used to eliminate or suppress negative angular flux solutions associated with the unlumped bilinear discontinuous (UBL...
Genomics in 2K10: Fulfilling the Promise of a Sequenced Human Genome

Abstract Abstract SCI-16 The Human Genome Project's completion of the human genome sequence in 2003 was a landmark scientific achievement of historic significance. It also signified a critical transition for the field of genomics, as the new foundation of genomic knowledge started to be used in powerful ways by researchers and clinicians to tackle increasingly complex problems in biomedicine. To exploit the opportunities provided by the human genome sequence and to ensure the productive growth of genomics as one of the most vital biomedical disciplines of the 21st century, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is pursuing a broad vision for genomics research beyond the Human Genome Project. This vision includes facilitating and supporting the highest-priority research areas that interconnect genomics to biology, to health, and to society.Current efforts in genomics research are focused on using genomic data, technologies, and insights to acquire a deeper understanding of biology and to uncover the genetic basis of human disease. Some of the most profound advances are being catalyzed by revolutionary new DNA sequencing technologies; these methods are already producing prodigious amounts of DNA sequence data, including from large numbers of individual patients. Such a capability, coupled with better associations between genetic diseases and specific regions of the human genome, are accelerating our understanding of the genetic basis for complex genetic disorders and for drug response. Together, these developments will usher in the era of genomic medicine. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Homo ritualis: Hindu ritual and its significance for ritual theory, by Axel Michaels, New York, Oxford University Press, 2016, xix–372 pp., US$99.00 (hardback), ISBN 978 0 1902 6262 4

Homo Ritualis constitutes a revised compendium of the author’s research on rituals in South Asia for the past 30 years. Michaels is Professor of Classical Indology at the South Asian Institute at t...
The Legislative Logic of Electoral Reform in Ukraine

AbstractSince the end of Communist rule, Ukraine has undertaken three major electoral reforms, moving from a single-member district majoritarian system, to a mixed-member system, to a closed-list proportional representation system, and back to the mixed-member system. Some argue that political parties are primarily motivated by the desire to maximise seats or improve their ability to impact on policy. I argue that existing theories of electoral reform often assume that parties are unitary actors during electoral reform. My analysis of electoral reform in Ukraine clearly demonstrates significant intra-party dissonance on electoral system preferences. This result questions the usefulness of the party unity assumption.
121 Violence against older adults: perpetrators and mechanisms of geriatric physical assault injuries treated in us emergency departments, 2006–2014

Purpose Older adults are common victims of assault, many of which may result in severe injuries. Yet, circumstances surrounding assaults in this population haven’t been well-described. This study examines perpetrators and mechanisms of geriatric physical assault injuries treated at US Emergency Departments (EDs). Methods We conducted an analysis of assault injuries in patients aged ¥60 treated in EDs during 2006–2014 using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program, which collects data from a nationally representative stratified probability sample of US hospitals and includes a brief narrative about injury circumstances for each case. We examined narratives based on a pre-determined protocol. Results From 2006–2014, 7761 assault injury-related ED visits occurred in victims aged â‰¥60, representing an estimated 4 25 992 treated in U.S. EDs. 62% of assault victims were male. Victims had a mean age of 68. Perpetrator information was available for 53.3% of cases, mechanism information for 66.7%, and weapon information for 58.7%. The most common perpetrators were family (28.8% of cases with information) and strangers/robbers (27.7%). 57.6% of perpetrators were in a relationship with an expectation of trust with the victim, suggesting that assaults were physical elder abuse. The most common mechanisms of injury were beating with fists (31.6% of cases with information), striking with objects (27.3%), and fall during altercation (20.2%). Multiple mechanisms were present in 33.3%. Assailants most frequently used their body parts as weapons (75.8% of cases with information), with fists (32.4%) most common. 37.8% used objects, most frequently gun (4.8% shot and 2.4% used as blunt object) or knife (4.9%). Conclusion Our findings provide ideas about circumstances surrounding geriatric assault injuries. The majority of geriatric assault victims were suffering from physical elder abuse. Most perpetrators struck victims and used personal weapons. Further research is needed to better understand these assaults to develop prevention strategies.
From Subsistence to Sustenance in Physician-Scientist Training.

To the Editor: For physician–scientists, transitions between one training phase and the next evoke a sense of deja vu as a result of the jarring cyclical descents from proficiency to inexperience. Whether transitioning from the successful PhD defense to the bewilderment of the first clinic
Improving handwashing in hospitals: a patient education and empowerment program.

Each year, about 5% of people admitted to U.S. hospitals (about 2 million people) acquire an infection there. These infections cause nearly 20,000 deaths each year, and cost an estimated $4.5 billion to treat. Handwashing is the single most effective measure for preventing hospital-acquired infections. Despite widespread knowledge of the importance of handwashing, health care workers wash their hands far less often than is indicated. This Issue Brief describes a novel strategy to improve handwashing among hospital personnel, by involving the people with the most to gain--the patients themselves.
DDE, Mercury, and Selenium in Biota, Sediments, and Water of the Rio Grande—Rio Bravo Basin, 1965–1995

An assessment of contaminant stressors on biota of the Rio Grande was conducted to identify relevant contaminant issues, assess exposure and ecological effects, identify data gaps, and determine potential risks. Most contaminant data were from studies conducted during 1965-1995 in the Lower Rio Grande, on the Texas side of the river, within a 100-km boundary from Falcon Dam to the mouth. Contaminants most frequently reported were organochlorine compounds (OCs) and trace elements. The number of records for OCs and trace elements was at least twofold greater for fish than for birds, mammals, or reptiles. Of the OCs, p,p’-DDE was the most commonly reported. Among the trace elements, Hg was one of the most frequently reported; however, Se, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn were also common. The highest concentrations of OCs and trace elements were reported predominantly from Lower Rio Grande Valley locations, with approximately 68% of the highest values detected from Falcon Dam to the mouth of the river. Twenty-six (20%) of the locations with maximum concentrations corresponded to portions of Llano Grande Lake and the Arroyo Colorado. Recent analyses of birds and fish indicate that levels of DDE are currently much lower than in the 1970s or 1980s in Rio Grande wildlife. This apparent decline does not apply to Hg and Se levels in birds and fish, which have remained more or less constant, but may have increased over the years in some locations. Hg was of particular concern because of high levels found recently in addled eggs of aplomado falcons and in their potential prey. Hg was elevated in fish from the Big Bend area. Also, Se in fish sampled in 1993 and 1994 was near or above the threshold for potential effects in fish-eating wildlife. Future investigations should evaluate the potential impacts of Hg and Se on aquatic and terrestrial species from selected sites of concern.
Modes of Action of Drugs Related to Narcolepsy: Pharmacology of Wake-Promoting Compounds and Anticataplectics

The pharmacological treatments of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) of narcolepsy include amphetamine-like central nervous system (CNS) stimulants and modafinil (and its r-enantiomer). Other less often used stimulants are compounds with dopamine uptake inhibitions. Caffeine is the most commonly consumed CNS stimulant and may also be effective for mild EDS cases. These compounds do not improve cataplexy and other REM sleep abnormalities (hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis), and antidepressants (monoamine uptake inhibitors) are additionally used for the treatment of cataplexy and REM sleep abnormalities. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, a short-acting sedative; sodium oxybate in the USA) given at night reduces both EDS and cataplexy.
Socratic and Erotetic Teaching

This chapter applies the principles and insights of erotetic theory, especially those of erotetic strategy, to the analysis of teaching. We select for this purpose a teaching episode by the most famous of philosophical teachers. From among the many dialogues in which Plato immortalized his favorite teacher we pick the dialogue between Socrates and the slave boy for closer erotetic scrutiny. We shall use the translation of W.K.C. Guthrie (1956).
Management protocol for primary hyperparathyroidism in a single institution: utility of surgeon performed ultrasound

Background: We aimed to: (I) discover preoperative diagnostic studies, intraoperative techniques, and patient factors most predictive of cure within a single hospital system; (II) establish practice guidelines for surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism to maximize outcomes based on this hospital system’s performance. Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all parathyroid-related procedures from 01/01/02 to 7/31/15 at the Veteran’s Administration Hospital. Results: Seventy-one patients were eligible and charts available for analysis. Preoperative studies most predictive of cure were a combination of sestamibi parathyroid scan and surgeon performed ultrasound (S-US). When studies did not agree, S-US was most often correct. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapid assay was helpful in predicting cure, but added an average of 33 minutes to operating room time. Patients who had two corroborating preoperative localizing studies, one of which was S-US, that agreed with intraoperative findings, and who did not undergo intraoperative PTH confirmation enjoyed equal cure rates and shorter operating room times. Successful achievement of normal calcium was high at 95.8%. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in this patient population, prompting more aggressive preoperative investigation and replacement. Conclusions: A management protocol was developed based on the findings of this study: (I) obtain two preoperative localization studies, one of which is surgeon-performed ultrasound; (II) obtain preoperative vitamin D levels and supplement as indicated; and (III) in select patients who have two strongly corroborating preoperative localization studies, one of which is surgeon performed ultrasound, and intraoperative findings are consistent with the localizing studies, intraoperative PTH (IOPTH) may not be necessary.
Dissonant notes, intrepid explorers: a reading of Angola and the River Congo, by Joachim John Monteiro, between ecology and violence

Over the course of the 19th century, several campaigns in African territories led by white European or North-American scientists, explorers, entrepreneurs, or military officials have been transposed into travelogues where different stages of imperialism and colonialist presences are portrayed. While most of the approaches to these writings tend to favor a post-colonial framework for the interpretation of the interactions depicted there, it is also possible to employ a critical apparatus modeled after the recent developments in the field of the environmental humanities. In this essay, I discuss how Slavoj Žižek’s contributions to the debates around the ideas of nature, ecology, and global capitalism have the potential to deepen our understanding of colonial regimes of oppression, serving as a powerful (if also nuanced and provocative) tool to explore processes of world-making involved in the imperial projects developing over the course of the 19th century. To do so, I propose a close reading of several instances of the travel book Angola and the River Congo (London, 1875), by Joachim John Monteiro, focusing on the entanglements between the human and non-human agencies, vegetable landscapes and extractive transnational economies, and the articulation of racism and scientific projects in the Angolan territory.
The C. elegans 3’UTRome V2: an updated genomic resource to study 3’UTR biology

3′Untranslated Regions (3′UTRs) of mRNAs emerged as central regulators of cellular function as they contain important but poorly-characterized cis-regulatory elements targeted by a multitude of regulatory factors. The soil nematode C. elegans is an ideal model to study these interactions since it possesses a well-defined 3′UTRome. In order to improve its annotation, we have used a genomics approach to download raw transcriptome data for ~1,500 transcriptome datasets from the Sequence Read Archive at the NCBI and then extract and map high-quality 3′UTR data at ultra-deep coverage. Here we describe and release to the Community the updated version of the worm 3′UTRome, which we named 3′UTRome v2. This resource contains high-quality 3′UTR data mapped at single base ultra-resolution for 23,159 3′UTR isoforms variants corresponding to 14,808 protein-coding genes and is updated to the latest release of WormBase. We used this dataset to study and probe principles of RNA cleavage and polyadenylation in C. elegans. The worm 3′UTRome v2 represents the most comprehensive and high-resolution 3′UTR dataset available in C. elegans, and it allows a better understanding of this important process in vivo.
17β-Estradiol affects lung function and inflammation following ozone exposure in a sex-specific manner

Inflammatory lung diseases affect men and women disproportionately, suggesting that fluctuations of circulating hormone levels mediate inflammatory responses. Studies have shown that ozone exposure...
Cross-Property Relations

An intriguing fundamental as well as practical question in the study of heterogeneous materials is the following: Can different properties of the medium be rigorously linked to one another? Such cross-property relations become especially useful if one property is more easily measured than another property. Since the effective properties of random media reflect certain morphological information about the medium, one might expect that one could extract useful information about one effective property given an accurate (experimental or theoretical) determination of a different effective property, even when their respective governing equations are uncoupled. Cross-property relations provide a means of ascertaining the possible range of values that different effective properties can possess (i.e., the allowable region in multidimensional property space) and thus have important implications for the design of multifunctional composites.
Intestinal HIF-2 to protect against radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome.

10629 Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity accounts for significant morbidity during systemic chemotherapy or abdominopelvic radiation therapy. Unfortunately, there are no effective preventat...
Kählerian Information Geometry for Signal Processing

We prove the correspondence between the information geometry of a signal filter and a Kahler manifold. The information geometry of a minimum-phase linear system with a finite complex cepstrum norm is a Kahler manifold. The square of the complex cepstrum norm of the signal filter corresponds to the Kahler potential. The Hermitian structure of the Kahler manifold is explicitly emergent if and only if the impulse response function of the highest degree in z is constant in model parameters. The Kahlerian information geometry takes advantage of more efficient calculation steps for the metric tensor and the Ricci tensor. Moreover, α-generalization on the geometric tensors is linear in α . It is also robust to find Bayesian predictive priors, such as superharmonic priors, because Laplace–Beltrami operators on Kahler manifolds are in much simpler forms than those of the non-Kahler manifolds. Several time series models are studied in the Kahlerian information geometry.