cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The demonstration of lupus anticoagulant by an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay

Lupus anticoagulant, an autoantibody associated with thromboembolic disease and pregnancy loss, is currently identified by its capability to prolong phospholipid-dependent coagulation tests, such as the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The use of a coagulation assay for the detection of an antibody has several inherent disadvantages: fresh plasma is required for accurate testing, prolongation of coagulation test(s) is not specific for lupus anticoagulant, and coagulation assays are not easily manipulated for the characterization of antigen-antibody interactions. Using partial thromboplastin an the antigen, we have developed an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of lupus anticoagulant. Fifteen women with lupus anticoagulant (being evaluated for recurrent pregnancy loss or autoimmune disease) and 40 lupus anticoagulant-negative controls (including 20 with recurrent pregnancy loss, 12 parous women, and 8 with known autoimmune disease) were evaluated using the APTT and ELISA assays for lupus anticoagulant. All patients with lupus anticoagulant, as defined by the APTT, had significantly elevated IgG (sensitivity and specificity, 100%) or IgG + IgM (sensitivity 93%, specificity 95%) levels compared to controls.
Long-lifetime, low-contamination metal beam dumps for NIF spatial filters

The management of back reflections and leakage through the Pockels cell and polarizer switch in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) beamlines requires robust beam dumps that can operate unattended for thousands of shots within the confines of the vacuum spatial filters. Off-line experiments and modeling have been used to investigate the use of metal for these beam dumps. We conclude that a stainless steel beam dump will have sufficient lifetime and will safely absorb fluences in the required range, from 1 J/cm{sup 2} to 4 kJ/cm{sup 2}, at 1 {micro}m.
Vegetation and Soil Dynamics of a Louisiana Estuary Receiving Pulsed Mississippi River Water Following Hurricane Katrina

We monitored wetland biomass, decomposition, hydrology, and soil porewater chemistry at the Breton Sound estuary, which receives Mississippi River water from the Caernarvon river diversion structure. The estuary was in the direct path of hurricane Katrina in 2005, which caused a dramatic loss of wetlands in the upper basin. From March 2006 to October 2007, we made duplicate measurements at three distance classes from the diversion structure along the estuarine gradient as well as at a reference area, designated Near (N1&2), Mid (M1&2), Far (F1&2), and Ref (R1&2). Above- and belowground live biomass, porewater nutrients (NOx, NH4, and PO4), salinity, sulfide, and soil Eh were measured every 2 months. Water level was monitored with gauges. Above- and belowground decomposition was measured using the litterbag (both) and cotton strip (belowground only) methods. Analysis of porewater parameters showed that stress factors affecting biomass production (porewater salinity, sulfide, flooding, and redox potential) were generally low to moderate, while measurable porewater nutrient concentrations occurred at all sites. Aboveground end of season live (EOSL) standing crop in October ranged from 423 g/m2 at site M2 to 1,515 at site F1, and was significantly greater at site N1 than at sites N2, M1, or M2. Aboveground EOSL biomass during this study was significantly lower than previously measured in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Peak belowground biomass ranged from 8,315 g/m2 at site R2 to 17,890 g/m2 at site N1, which is among the highest reported in the literature, and there were significant increases throughout the study, suggesting recovery from hurricane Katrina. The decomposition bag data did not indicate any significant differences; however, the cotton strip decomposition rate was significantly lower at the lowest depth. Wetland surface vertical accretion ranged from 0.49 cm/year at N2 to 1.24 cm/year at N1, with site N1 significantly greater than N2, M1, F2, and R1, and site N2 significantly less than all other sites except site R1. These findings show that marsh productivity and stability is related to a number of factors and no one factor can explain the impacts of the hurricanes.
Assigning liability for pesticide spray drift

Conflicts over the use of pesticides causing damages to neighboring non-target crops led the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to propose a statement addressing pesticide spray drift. EPA is attempting to set out language that would clarify responsibilities for spray drift to offer protection to persons and properties harmed and minimize damages. Pesticide applicators expressed concern that a 2009 statement advanced a zero-risk, strict liability standard that would markedly increase liability for damages. EPA issued a revised statement in 2012 that provides a negligence standard of liability. From an investigation of liability rules employed to assign damages in pesticide drift cases, EPA's labeling statements are analyzed to discern their efficiency. The two alternative proposals present the opportunity for delineating a preferred liability rule that would enhance long-term economic performance of the agricultural production system by optimally addressing the externality between pesticide applicators and neighboring farms.
A Finite Volume SOFC Model for Coal-Based Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Systems Analysis

Integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems combining coal gasification and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are promising for highly efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of coal for power production. Most IGFC system analyses performed to-date have used nondimensional thermodynamic SOFC models that do not resolve the intrinsic constraints of SOFC operation. In this work a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) finite volume model for planar SOFC is developed and verified using literature data. Special attention is paid to making the model capable of supporting recent SOFC technology improvements, including the use of anode-supported configurations, metallic interconnects, and reduced polarization losses. Activation polarization parameters previously used for high temperature electrolyte-supported SOFC result in cell performance that is much poorer than that observed for modern intermediate temperature anode-supported configurations; thus, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify appropriate parameters for modern SOFC modeling. Model results are shown for SOFC operation on humidified H 2 and CH 4 containing syngas, under coflow and counterflow configurations; detailed internal profiles of species mole fractions, temperature, current density, and electrochemical performance are obtained. The effects of performance, fuel composition, and flow configuration of SOFC performance and thermal profiles are evaluated, and the implications of these results for system design and analysis are discussed. The model can be implemented not only as a stand-alone SOFC analysis tool, but also a subroutine that can communicate and cooperate with chemical flow sheet software seamlessly for convenient IGFC system analysis. Copyright © 2010 by ASME.
Identification of novel coding mutation in C1qA gene in an African–American pedigree with lupus and C1q deficiency:

Objectives: Homozygous C1q deficiency is an extremely rare condition and strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. To assess and characterize C1q deficiency in an African-American lupus pedigree, C1q genomic region was evaluated in the lupus cases and family members. Methods: Genomic DNA from patient was obtained and C1q A, B and C gene cluster was sequenced using next generation sequencing method. The identified mutation was further confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing method in the patient and all blood relatives. C1q levels in serum were measured using sandwich ELISA method. Results: In an African-American patient with lupus and C1q deficiency, we identified and confirmed a novel homozygote start codon mutation in C1qA gene that changes amino acid methionine to arginine at position 1. The Met1Arg mutation prevents protein translation (Met1Arg). Mutation analyses of the patient’s family members also revealed the Met1Arg homozygote mutation in her deceased brother who also had lupus with ab...
The Peruvian Mining Industry: Growth, Stagnation, and Crisis

The Peruvian Mining Industry: Growth, Stagnation, and Crisis. Elizabeth Dore. WVSS on Latin America and the Caribbean Series. Boulder: Westview Press, 1988. 195 pp. $41.00 (paper). ISBN 0-8133-7061-2
Photomodulation of metamaterial: an integrated approach

In this paper, we present an integrated fabrication process for realizing a switching/modulation mechanism for negative index materials (NIMs) based on photoconductive coupling. The metamaterial element chosen is an array of regular copper split-ring resonator (SRR) that was fabricated on two different substrates: high-resistivity silicon (HRS) and fused silica glass. The switching mechanism proposed can be achieved through tuning the SRR gap and/or substrate conductivity. The photosensitive material of the SRR structure (amorphous silicon for the glass substrate samples and intrinsic silicon for the HRS substrate samples) upon illumination generates excess carriers that essentially shunt the gap capacitance thus diminishing the resonance response significantly. The response in terms of S-parameters is simulated using HFSS under varying magnitude of optical illumination. Our simulation with a single SRR to demonstrate total suppression of resonance amplitude with a high extinction ratio is applicable to NIMs comprising of both negative permeability and negative permittivity without any loss of generality. This method may provide a basis for long-sought practical applications and devices based on NIM in the fields of ultra-fast communications at RF and optical frequencies, sensing and imaging promising a potential of dramatically improving the performance of existing phased array antennas, optical beam-forming networks, antenna remoting and transportation of RF power through fiber-radio.
NATIONAL UROLOGY RESIDENT PRECEPTORSHIP PROGRAM IN FEMALE PELVIC MEDICINE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

ABSTRACTPurpose: There is a shortage of urologists specializing in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS). We assessed the effects of an educational preceptorship program on the resident perception and desire to pursue careers in FPMRS.Materials and Methods: Between 2002 and 2004, 113 mid level residents from approximately 120 urology residency programs who were nominated by their respective program directors attended a 4-day course in FPMRS. The preceptorship course included live surgical FPMRS cases, didactic lectures, and discussions of research opportunities and career options. Participants in 2002 and 2003 evaluated the program content. Participants in 2004 completed a questionnaire to determine the effect of the course on their perception of FPMRS, and research and career opportunities in FPMRS.Results: In 2002 to 2004, 113 residents participated in the program. An informal survey of residency program directors showed that 10 of 36 participants in 2002 had applied and enrolled in ...
Cloud properties inferred from POLDER polarization measurements

Polarized reflectance from POLDER measurements are used to infer cloud properties such as cloud phase (water, ice), cloud droplet size, and bidirectional reflectances. The results show that data from simulator of POLDER instrument carried on aircraft can be used to infer cloud phase and droplet sizes. The POLDER data from satellite can be used to detect cloud phase but difficult to infer droplet sizes due to less angular observations around rainbow feature. Initial results of satellite POLDER data shows the potential ability of cloud classification using polarization information combined with reflected intensity. Combining with reflected intensity, the multiangle observations of polarized reflectance can be used to discriminate scene types such as ice cloud, water cloud, thin cirrus over water cloud, aerosol over water cloud and sun glint.
BREAKOUT CORONAL MASS EJECTION OR STREAMER BLOWOUT: THE BUGLE EFFECT

We present three-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) initiated by the breakout mechanism. The initial steady state consists of a bipolar active region embedded in the solar wind. The field orientation of the active region is opposite to that of the overarching helmet streamer, so that this pre-eruptive region consists of three arcades with a magnetic null line on the leading edge of the central arcade. By applying footpoint motion near the polarity inversion line of the central arcade, the breakout reconnection is turned on. During the eruption, the plasma in front of the breakout arcade gets swept up. The latter effect causes a pre-event swelling of the streamer. The width of the helmet streamer increases in time and follows a "bugle" pattern. In this paper, we will demonstrate that if this pre-event streamer swelling is insufficient, reconnection on the sides of the erupting breakout arcade/flux rope sets in. This will ultimately disconnect the helmet top, resulting in a streamer blowout CME. On the other hand, if this pre-event swelling is effective enough, the breakout reconnection will continue all the way to the top of the helmet streamer. The breakout mechanisms will then succeed in creating a breakout CME.
Reflux laryngitis and its sequelae: The diagnostic role of ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring

Summary Ambulatory 24-h intraesophageal pH monitoring was performed in 32 patients with hoarseness, documented laryngeal pathologic findings or lesions, globus, and/or chronic cough. The laryngeal lesions included granulomas, stenoses, and carcinomas. Twenty-two (68.8%) of the patients had no symptoms specific for reflux. One-half of the patients underwent pH monitoring with a double probe, one probe being placed in the distal esophagus and the second being placed in the hypopharynx just behind the laryngeal inlet. Twenty-four (75%) of the patients had abnormal studies, i.e., significant reflux. Of those, 17 (70.8%) had upright reflux, 13 (54.2%) had supine nocturnal reflux, and 10 (41.7%) had both types. Seven of the 16 patients undergoing double-probe-type monitoring had reflux into the pharynx (43.8%). These data suggest that occult gastroesophageal reflux may be involved in the pathogenesis of many conditions commonly encountered in otolaryngologic practice.
Automatic testing the lamps avionic system

The LAMPS (Light Airborne Multipurpose System) Avionic System is a complex, sophisticated, helicopter borne system designed to perform Antisubmarine War fare (ASW) and Antiship Surveillance Targeting (ASST) missions. This paper describes the LAMPS Avionic Mainte nance Test (AMT) system, which has been designed to provide Navy Electronic Maintenance personnel with a self-contained, interactive, comprehensive, yet easy to-use, diagnostic system capable of detecting equip ment faults and isolating those faults to the failed. ,,black box.,, The AMT system comprises the following elements 0 Avionic Maintenance Technician/Operator 0 Avionic Maintenance Manuals 0 Avionic Maintenance Test Program (AMTP) 0 LAMPS Avionic System. The LAMPS Avionic System contains both new development avionic equipment and inventory (in-serive) equipment. Certain modifications have been incorporated into selected new-development avionic equipment to support testing of some in-service equipment the has limited built-in test (BIT) capability.
An optimization framework for map-reduce queries

We present an effective optimization framework for general SQL-like map-reduce queries, which is based on a novel query algebra and uses a small number of higher-order physical operators that are directly implementable on existing map-reduce systems, such as Hadoop. Although our framework is applicable to any SQL-like map-reduce query language, we focus on a powerful query language, called MRQL. Current map-reduce query languages, such as HiveQL and PigLatin, enable users to plug-in custom map-reduce scripts into queries for those jobs that cannot be declaratively coded in the query language, which may result to suboptimal, error-prone, and hard-to-maintain code. In contrast to these languages, MRQL is expressive enough to capture most of these computations in declarative form and at the same time is amenable to optimization. We describe an optimization framework that maps the algebraic forms derived from the MRQL queries to efficient workflows of map-reduce operations that consist of our physical plan operators. We also describe many algebraic optimizations, such as fusing cascading map-reduce jobs into one job and synthesizing a combine function from the reduce function of a map-reduce job. Finally, we report on a prototype system implementation and we show some performance results of evaluating MRQL queries on a small cluster of computers.
HEC, a novel nuclear protein rich in leucine heptad repeats specifically involved in mitosis

The protein encoded by the human gene HEC (highly expressed in cancer) contains 642 amino acids and a long series of leucine heptad repeats at its C-terminal region. HEC protein is expressed most abundantly in the S and M phases of rapidly dividing cells but not in terminal differentiated cells. It localizes to the nuclei of interphase cells, and a portion distributes to centromeres during M phase. Inactivation of HEC by microinjection of specific monoclonal antibodies into cells during interphase severely disturbs the subsequent mitoses. Disordered sister chromatid alignment and separation, as well as the formation of nonviable cells with multiple, fragmented micronuclei, are common features observed. These results suggest that the HEC protein may play an important role in chromosome segregation during M phase.
Some Foundational and Transformative Grand Challenges in Economics

The following are foundational and transformative challenges for economists: • There is no generally accepted theory of macroeconomics that is adequate to respond to the challenges thrown up by the financial crisis and resulting deep and persistent recession; • Most young people in the United States will not complete a two or four year college degree and most of them will end up in jobs that do not pay well. How can we structure the US education and training system so that it provides the skills that young people need to earn middle class wages?• What is the value of work and how does it change with age?• How are innovation, productivity and employment being affected by globalization and the rise of new economic powers?• There is a wide variation in the cost of treating any given disease, depending on the hospital or region where it is treated. There is a similar large variation across advanced economies in health care costs. There seems to be little or no relation between the cost of treatment and the effectiveness of the treatment. How can this be? How can this result be utilized to improve the quality and reduce the cost of the US health care system?• Can evolutionary economics provide new insights into areas where conventional economics has proven inadequate?
Understanding mindshift learning: the transition to object-oriented development

Information systems professionals increasingly face changes in their work environment. Some of these changes are incremental, but many require fundamental shifts in mindset (referred to as a mindshift). Within the domain of software development, previous research has determined that veteran developers experience difficulty making the transition to new forms of development. Although prior research has brought awareness to the problems caused by a mindshift and has provided some insight, it has not answered the question of why software developers have difficulty making the transition. This study begins to answer that question by positing and examining the mindshift learning theory (MLT). The MLT suggests that the degree of perceived novelty of the fundamental concepts that characterize the new mindset will impact learning. Specifically, concepts may be perceived as novel (i.e., not familiar to the learner), changed (i.e., similar to a known concept, but a different meaning in the new context), or carryover (i.e., known concept with a similar meaning in the new context). As an exemplar mindshift learning situation, this study explores the phenomenon in the context of software developers transitioning from traditional to object-oriented (OO) software development. Findings indicate that software developers had higher knowledge scores on the OO concepts they perceived as novel or carryover compared to those they perceived as changed. Thus, developers experienced detrimental interference from their existing traditional software development knowledge structure when trying to learn OO software development. The findings have implications for organizations and individuals as an understanding of mindshifts could mean an easier transition through decreased frustration and a more effective learning process.
Functional and pathophysiological models of the basal ganglia.

Because of new data, anatomical and functional models of the basal ganglia in normal and pathological conditions (e.g. Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases) have recently come under greater scrutiny. An update of these models is clearly timely, taking into consideration not only changes in neuronal discharge rates, but also changes in the patterning and synchronization of neuronal discharge, the role of extrastriatal dopamine, and expanded intrinsic and input/output connections of these nuclei.
A large-area flat panel multi-function display for military and space applications

The Collins Avionics and Communications Division (CACD) of Rockwell International is developing a flat panel multifunction display (MFD) for military and space applications. The MFD offers the size and reliability benefits of liquid crystal display technology while achieving near-CRT display quality. CACD's experience in cockpit display systems has resulted in display generation algorithms that provide exceptional display quality. These algorithms are being implemented in custom VLSI components to minimize MFD size. A high-performance processor converts user-specified display lists to graphics commands used by these components, resulting in high-speed updates of two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. The MFD will use the application specific ICs and a high-level graphics language to provide high performance, simplified programming, and a standard MIL-STD-1553B interface. >
Embodied cognitive geographies

Recent articles in this journal advocated a cognitive poststructuralism as progress for human geography. This research has two flaws. The first is in the epistemological differences between poststr...
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Reverse Coracoacromial Ligament Reconstruction for Acromioclavicular Joint Separation

Background: Enhancing anterior-posterior (AP) stability in acromioclavicular (AC) reconstruction may be advantageous.Purpose: To compare the initial stability of AC reconstructions with and without augmentation by either (1) a novel “reverse” coracoacromial (CA) ligament transfer or (2) an intramedullary AC tendon graft.Hypothesis: Reverse CA transfer will improve AP stability compared with isolated coracoclavicular (CC) reconstruction.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Six matched pairs of cadaveric shoulders underwent distal clavicle resection and CC reconstruction. Displacement (mm) was measured during cyclic loading along AP (±25 N) and superior-inferior (SI; 10-N compression, 70-N tension) axes. Pairs were randomized to receive each augmentation and the same loading protocol applied.Results: Reverse CA transfer (3.71 ± 1.3 mm, standard error of the mean [SEM]; P = .03) and intramedullary graft (3.41 ± 1.1 mm; P = .03) decreased AP translation compared with CC reconstruction alone. The...
Maybe there’s no such thing as a “good cop”: Organizational challenges in selecting quality officers

The qualities which make a good police officer are often difficult to identify. Traits such as intelligence, common sense, dependability, and honesty appear more frequently than others in the police literature. This issue is complicated by two matters. First there is the difficulty in measuring job performance and linking job tasks to personality characteristics. Second is the importance of the police organization in influencing officer behavior, sometimes despite personal characteristics. This review of the literature examines the personality traits thought to be characteristic of a good police officer and discusses the difficulties of measuring as well as predicting good police performance.
Performance of Laying Hens Maintained in Colony Cages under Low Intensity “Panelescent Tape-Lites”

Abstract This investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of red, blue, green and white phosphor “Panelescent tape-lites” on egg production, feed consumption, body weight and incidence of feather pulling of laying hens maintained in colony cages. PROCEDURE Cage reared White Leghorn Strain Cross hens were maintained in an environmentally controlled windowless facility divided into eight light proof rooms. Each room contained two 106.7 X 121.0 cm. colony cages. At 26 weeks of age, hens reared under incandescent light, were randomly assigned to cages of fourteen hens each. One “Panelescent tape-lite” 213 cm. in length, utilizing 0.33 watts of electricity per 30.5 cm. was placed in each.pen over the colony cages in such a manner as to illuminate the “Peck-a-Drink” watering system. Two replicates of each of the following colored tapes were used; red, green, blue, and white. Intensity was measured at 2.1 lux 5 cm. below the light source, thus,…
Human SWI/SNF-Associated PRMT5 Methylates Histone H3 Arginine 8 and Negatively Regulates Expression of ST7 and NM23 Tumor Suppressor Genes

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been implicated in transcriptional activation and repression, but their role in controlling cell growth and proliferation remains obscure. We have recently shown that PRMT5 can interact with flag-tagged BRG1- and hBRM-based hSWI/SNF chromatin remodelers and that both complexes can specifically methylate histones H3 and H4. Here we report that PRMT5 can be found in association with endogenous hSWI/SNF complexes, which can methylate H3 and H4 N-terminal tails, and show that H3 arginine 8 and H4 arginine 3 are preferred sites of methylation by recombinant and hSWI/SNF-associated PRMT5. To elucidate the role played by PRMT5 in gene regulation, we have established a PRMT5 antisense cell line and determined by microarray analysis that more genes are derepressed when PRMT5 levels are reduced. Among the affected genes, we show that suppressor of tumorigenicity 7 (ST7) and nonmetastatic 23 (NM23) are direct targets of PRMT5-containing BRG1 and hBRM complexes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of ST7 and NM23 is reduced in a cell line that overexpresses PRMT5 and that this decrease in expression correlates with H3R8 methylation, H3K9 deacetylation, and increased transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. These findings suggest that the BRG1- and hBRM-associated PRMT5 regulates cell growth and proliferation by controlling expression of genes involved in tumor suppression.
Endocrinological aspects of aging : Adaptation to and acceleration of aging by the endocrine system

Endocrinological functions of aging subjects deviate from those of young subjects during the aging process. There are two types of deviation expressed as: (i) an adaptation to the aging process; and (ii) an acceleration of aging. The former includes hyperparathyroidism, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The latter includes growth hormone resistance and low-T3 syndrome. Excess adaptation promotes the metabolic syndrome. Excess acceleration of aging easily leads subjects to mental disorder and death. In order to prevent subjects from both excess adaptation to and excess acceleration of aging, endocrinological intervention is required.
Prognosis tool based on a modified children's implant profile for use in pediatric cochlear implant candidacy evaluation.

Objectives:We developed a prediction tool to assist in evaluation of pediatric candidates for cochlear implantation (CI) and to help plan for preoperative and postoperative support.Methods:Between 1995 and 2005, 277 patients underwent CI at Children's Hospital Boston. Of these 277 patients, 250 had at least 2 years of post-CI follow-up and adequate pre-CI information for rating by our prediction tool. Of the 250, 106 were randomly selected for inclusion. The patients were divided into group A (auditory/oral communicator); group B (auditory/oral communicator with visual assistance), group C (visual/manual communicator with auditory/oral skills assistance), and group D (will not derive communicative benefit from implant). Predictions were performed with clinical assessment and two statistical techniques: Regression modeling and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.Results:Among patients who became auditory/oral communicators (group A), clinical assessment predicted that outcome accurately 65% ...
Achievements for children in foster care

consistently shed doubt on the effe tiveness of interventive strategies. The social worker is left haunted by these doubts, which are deeply troubling to those who want to have a positive im pact on client outcomes.2 Social work is not alone with this professional concern.3 Some profes sionals, such as physicians and en gineers, operate with faith and confi dence in the instrumental competence provided by their field's knowledge base. Nevertheless, many applied so cial and behavioral scientists are con cerned about the effectiveness of their intervention because of the limited in
Effects of surface waves on the currents of truncated periodic arrays

The behavior of surface waves in truncated periodic arrays is examined through analysis of the currents. The surface waves to be studied are guided by the perfectly conducting elements of the array itself and are to be distinguished from the dielectric slab-guided surface waves encountered elsewhere in the literature. The conditions under which surface waves may arise are given. The surface wave currents are extracted from the method of moments solution for the finite by an infinite array using a least squares algorithm. Surface wave excitation and reflection coefficients are then be determined from the data and compared with the semi-infinite array solution.
Impact Of Asset Age/Fiscal Viability On Selected Measures Of Patient Care In Nursing Homes

Forty-five New York nursing homes were examined to determine if a relationship between age of assets, fiscal viability and quality of nursing homes, as measured by patient care indices and survey deficiencies, existed. These factors were examined on 2004 data for the nursing homes selected. Several financial variables were used to construct a fiscal viability index; and a patient care index was created from selected procedural measures that may be used to measure specific aspects of institutional care. The premise is that age of assets and fiscal viability will influence quality of patient care/survey deficiencies. Utilizing both the financial and patient care and survey indices, the following statistical models were prepared:
Habitat usage by the cryptic copepods Pseudocalanus moultoni and P. newmani on Georges Bank (Northwest Atlantic)

Abstract The cryptic copepod species, Pseudocalanus moultoni and P. newmani, co-occur on Georges Bank and in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic); even recent studies have reported results and conclusions based on examination of the combined species. Species-specific PCR (SS-PCR) based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence divergence was used in this study to discriminate the species. Species-specific descriptions of habitat usage and predicted patterns of transport and retention on Georges Bank were made by mapping distributions and calculating abundances of each species from January to June, 1999 for four vertical strata (0–15 m, 15–40 m, 40–100 m, and 0–100 m) and five regions (Northern Flank, Bank Crest, Northeast Peak, Southern Flank, and Slope Water) identified on the basis of bathymetry and circulation. Patterns of distribution and abundance for the two species during January to June, 1999 were largely consistent with those described based on vertically integrating mapping and analysis for the same period in 1997 by McGillicuddy and Bucklin (2002) . The region-specific and depth-stratified analyses allowed further discrimination in habitat usage by the species and confirmed the distinctive patterns for the two species. The observed differences between the species in abundances among the five regions and three depth strata over Georges Bank impact their transport trajectories. The concentration of P. moultoni in deep layers likely explains the higher rates of retention and lower rates of advective loss of this species from the Bank, compared to P. newmani, which may be more subject to wind-driven transport in the surface layer. Accurate identification and discrimination of even closely-related and cryptic species is needed to ensure full understanding and realistic predictions of changes in diversity of zooplankton and the functioning of pelagic ecosystems.
Difference and Deference in Treaty Interpretation

Instead of focusing on how to interpret treaties, the article examines the issue of who interprets treaties. Treaties are regularly interpreted by domestic courts and international courts, as well as by non-judicial government officials. Historically, in the United States, courts have deferred significantly to the views of the executive branch and almost not at all to the judgments of other tribunals, such as the International Court of Justice. I posit that because treaties are malleable instruments of both legal and diplomatic character, they are uniquely susceptible to diverse interpretations. As such, there is no particular reason for one interpreter to defer to the views of another. Still, I conclude that courts in the United States would do well to treat others' judgments with something more than indifference.
A New Language of Equality: Jews and the State in Nineteenth-Century Morocco

AbstractIn the late nineteenth century, the Moroccan government’s concern for its image abroad ushered in a new approach to understanding Jews’ rights. Although the sultans never abandoned the dhimma contract in favour of religious egalitarianism, government officials increasingly adopted a new language of equality to describe how Jewish subjects should be treated. This language of equality borrowed vocabulary from Western notions of tolerance, but did not fundamentally conflict with Islamic ideals of justice. Mawlāy Ḥasan (reigned 1873–1894) refused to declare that Jews and Muslims were equal, but he increasingly insisted that Jews and Muslims must be treated equally before the law. Jews trod a similarly fine line, between pushing the envelope of their legal rights as dhimmīs and affirming their status as the personal proteges of the sultan. Through an examination of correspondence among Moroccan government officials, Jews and foreign diplomats, this article locates the shifting relationship between the ...
MARC Reborn: Migrating MARC Fixed Field Metadata into the Variable Fields

ABSTRACTDespite calls over the past decade and a half for MARC to be replaced with an encoding standard that is more in keeping with current metadata practices, the current standard has evolved in such a way as to render many of the arguments by those who call for its demise moot. A further revision to the standard is proposed to address the one remaining problem with MARC so as to allow it to better serve the needs of information seekers for years to come.
Internet Training Through Collaboration

Abstract The introduction of Internet access in a small college environment offers libraries excellent opportunities to demonstrate their critical role in the successful implementation of information technologies. This article describes a low-cost, collaborative approach to Internet training that small institutions can easily adapt to fit their needs.
Research on Stability of Primary Frequency Regulation of Interconnected Power System After Trip-Out of Ultra High Voltage Transmission line

Primary Frequency Regulation(PFR) can rapidly respond to disturbances or accidents,thus power system frequency deviation can be effectively eliminated and both security and stability of power system can be ensured.In this paper taking the three region interconnected power grid,namely the interconnected Beijing-Tianjin-Tanshan power grid,the Southern Hebei power grid and Shanxi power grid,as research object,the frequency response of the three region interconnected power grid and the tie-line power variation characteristic after the fault caused trip-out of the UHV transmission line from South Shanxi to Jingmen due to fault are researched.The impact of parameters related to PER on security and stability of the three region interconnected power grid is analyzed.Results of this research are available for reference in enhancing the stability of PER for extra high voltage(EHV) power grid.
Analysis and Comparison on Incidence of Hand-foot-mouth Disease between Urban and Rural Areas of Liaocheng City in 2010

Objective:To analyze and compare the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease between urban and rural areas in Liaocheng city,2010, explore the distribution features and epidemic law in urban and rural areas,so as to provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of the disease.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted,and epidemiology data were collected from national disease surveillance information system.Results:The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in urban area of Liaocheng city in 2010 was 259.57/10 5 ,that in rural area was 173.67/10 5 ( 字2 =458.40, P 0.01);the incidence in urban area in epidemic season was 216.37/10 5 ,that in rural area was 138.64/105( 字2 =461.85, P 0.01);the incidence in urban area in non-epidemic season was 43.20 /10 5 ,that in rural area was 35.03/10 5 ( 字2 =22.07, P 0.01);in urban area,the constituent ratio of incidence in kindergarten children was highest(62.72%,700/1116);in rural area,that in diaspora children was highest(63.02%,6505/10 322);the incidence of severe cases in rural area was 12.35/10 5 ,that in urban area was 10.10/10 5 ( 字2 =5.39, P 0.05);the ratio of severe cases among all cases in urban area was 3.89%(181/4651),that in rural area was 7.11%(498/7001)( 字2 =52.85, P 0.01)。Conclusion:Liaocheng city in 2010 of hand-foot-mouth disease in a high incidence of morbidity in the of rural hand,foot and mouth disease;the city severe cases incidence,severe were lower than those cases of severe disease incidence in rural areas and severe incidence.
Selective Sacral Rhizotomy in the Management of the Reflex Neuropathic Bladder: A Report on 17 Patients with Long-Term Followup

AbstractDuring the last 6 years 24 patients with cervical or thoracic spinal cord injuries and a severe reflex neuropathic bladder underwent selective dorsal sacral rhizotomy with the aid of intraoperative neurostimulation and urodynamic monitoring. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation was available in 17 patients. Followup ranged from 2 months to 5 years (mean 32 months). Mean bladder capacity increased significantly after rhizotomy (from 148 ± 28.1 to 377 ± 52.9 ml., p <0.001), as did mean volume to first contraction (from 99 ± 28.6 to 270 ± 39.3 ml., p <0.001). No significant changes in bowel or erectile function were noted. Continence was improved in 94%, with 14 patients remaining completely dry and voiding with electrical stimulation or intermittent self-catheterization. The long-term results of selective sacral rhizotomy compare favorably to more aggressive alternatives, such as augmentation cystoplasty or urinary diversion.
Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes.

Patients with MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial non-MEN medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) inherit MTC in an autosomal dominant fashion. This malignancy has been diagnosed previously by detecting elevated plasma calcitonin levels, a tumor marker for MTC, following the intravenous administration of secretagogues. Although the study of large pedigrees with MEN 2A, using highly informative flanking markers and linkage analysis, are highly accurate in predicting the inheritance of the disease, the method is indirect and somewhat cumbersome. Mutations in the RET protooncogene have been identified independently in patients with MEN 2A and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Even though the RET mutations are inherited with disease, there is no direct evidence that the mutations cause the MEN 2 syndromes. The usefulness of molecular methods in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these syndromes is discussed, and a strategy for deciding operative intervention is presented.
Medium-duty plug-in electric delivery truck fleet evaluation

In this paper, the authors present an overview of medium-duty electric vehicle (EV) operating behavior based on in-use data collected from Smith Newton electric delivery vehicles and compare their performance and operation to conventional diesel trucks operating in the same fleet. The vehicles' drive cycles and operation are analyzed and compared to demonstrate the importance of matching specific EV technologies to the appropriate operational duty cycle. The results of this analysis show that the Smith Newton EVs demonstrated a 68% reduction in energy consumption over the data reporting period compared to the conventional diesel vehicles, as well as a 46.4% reduction in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions based on the local energy generation source.
Conclusion: Born to Be Rich

This book began by asking what factors account for wealth accumulation and mobility. That is, why do some people get rich while others never seem to get ahead. Wealth is the things people own, including their homes, savings, investments, other real estate, businesses, and vehicles. Recent shifts in economic conditions propelled some people to great wealth and ignited interest in how this process unfolds. Subsequent economic downturns highlighted the fact that wealth can be – and often is – fleeting. Researchers have been more interested in wealth in recent years, perhaps than at any other point in history. We now have many excellent sources of information about household asset and debt ownership, and this has allowed us to specify very precisely the nature of wealth distribution. That is, we know a great deal about how wealth ownership is allocated across people: what percentage of the total pie is owned by what percentage of the population. The bottom line is that a very small percentage of Americans owns the vast majority of wealth. Yet even with this increased interest in wealth and our improving ability to understand wealth, we know very little about the process by which people accumulate assets. What is it about their backgrounds and the paths they follow through their lives that makes some people accumulate lots of assets while others never seem to save much of anything? Is it simply that those who start off with more end with more?
I. Krechevsky And I

In dim recall, it seems that giants strode the halls of the Department of Psychology when I was a student at Berkeley. Edward Chace Tolman was there, dazzling us with his brilliant meandering lectures. Aided and abetted by Benbow Ritchie, he presided over the intellectual pyrotechnical displays in the learning seminars.
Men's status and reproductive success in 33 nonindustrial societies: Effects of subsistence, marriage system, and reproductive strategy.

Abstract Social status motivates much of human behavior. However, status may have been a relatively weak target of selection for much of human evolution if ancestral foragers tended to be more egalitarian. We test the “egalitarianism hypothesis” that status has a significantly smaller effect on reproductive success (RS) in foragers compared with nonforagers. We also test between alternative male reproductive strategies, in particular whether reproductive benefits of status are due to lower offspring mortality (parental investment) or increased fertility (mating effort). We performed a phylogenetic multilevel metaanalysis of 288 statistical associations between measures of male status (physical formidability, hunting ability, material wealth, political influence) and RS (mating success, wife quality, fertility, offspring mortality, and number of surviving offspring) from 46 studies in 33 nonindustrial societies. We found a significant overall effect of status on RS (r = 0.19), though this effect was significantly lower than for nonhuman primates (r = 0.80). There was substantial variation due to marriage system and measure of RS, in particular status associated with offspring mortality only in polygynous societies (r = −0.08), and with wife quality only in monogamous societies (r = 0.15). However, the effects of status on RS did not differ significantly by status measure or subsistence type: foraging, horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture. These results suggest that traits that facilitate status acquisition were not subject to substantially greater selection with domestication of plants and animals, and are part of reproductive strategies that enhance fertility more than offspring well-being.
Lay Judgments of Mental Health Treatment Options: The Mind Versus Body Problem.

Background: Past research shows that people believe psychologically caused mental disorders are helped by different treatments than biologically caused mental disorders. However, it is unknown how people think about treatment when limited information is known to identify the disorder. Objective: Our objective was to explore how laypeople judged the helpfulness of treatments when a limited set of mental health symptoms is presented. Method: Across four experiments, Mechanical Turk and college undergraduate participants (N = 331) read descriptions displaying sets of three mental health symptoms and rated how helpful pharmaceuticals, counseling, or alternative medicine would be on a 0 (not at all helpful) to 100 (completely helpful) scale. We measured judgments for perceived mental and medical symptoms (Experiment 1) and how judgments were influenced by symptom severity (Experiment 2), duration (Experiment 3), and if alternative medicine and conventional treatments were used in conjunction (Experiment 4). Re...
Aquinas’s SLE and its 13th Century Predecessors

Studies of the SLE have almost universally omitted any consideration of it as a work intended to replace earlier interpretations of the Ethics. It is that aspect of Aquinas’s interpretation that is examined in both this and the subsequent chapter. What will appear may not initially seem significant, namely, Aquinas’s conviction that he is proposing the correct interpretation of Aristotle’s Ethics and doing so by exposing its unity as a study of the problem of human happiness. However, if the SLE were intended, as is so often claimed, as a theological transformation of Aristotle’s philosophical text, would Aquinas have been so intent on exposing the correct meaning of the Ethics?