cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of the limb skeleton in Alligator mississippiensis: Developmental invariance and change in the evolution of archosaur limbs

Crocodilians and birds are the extant representatives of a monophyletic taxon known as archosaurs. Their limbs are highly derived in terms of reduction in number of skeletal elements in both the carpus and the tarsus. It is necessary to have a detailed description of crocodilian limb ontogeny to address the evolutionary issue dealing with the origin and organization of the avian limb. In this paper, we present an analysis of the early development of the crocodilian limb skeleton. Contrasting with earlier observations, we redefine the number and composition of carpal, tarsal, and phalangeal elements. This ontogenetic information is then used to introduce a revision of the homologies of the skeletal elements in the crocodilian limb. Some invariances are pointed out in the developmental organization of tetrapod limbs and this evidence serves to readdress several issues concerning the evolution of the avian limb. We present further embryological data in support of the hypothesis that digits 2-3-4 are the components of the wing skeleton in birds. In general, our comparative survey indicates that the elements that appear late in ontogeny are the ones lost in phylogeny. By comparing turtle (primitive) limb development with crocodilian and bird development, we propose a hypothesis in which the derived skeletal patterns found in crocodilians and birds have originated by a heterochronic process of paedomorphosis.
The rate coefficient for the O/+/ + N2 reaction in the ionosphere

The rate coefficient for the reaction O(+) + N2 yields NO(+) + N is determined as a function of temperature from the photochemistry of NO(+) for both day and night conditions by using a large sample of simultaneous measurements of ion and neutral concentrations and temperatures made by the Atmosphere Explorer C satellite. The results cover the ion temperature range from 500 to 1200 K. Using recent flow-drift-tube results, the rate coefficient is calculated as a function of ion temperature and mean ion drift velocity for ionospheric conditions. The satellite and laboratory determinations are found to be in good agreement. Using this temperature dependence, an earlier determination of the dissociative recombination coefficient of NO(+) with electrons is refined.
Effects of Mineral Supplements on the Length of the Tail and Wing Feathers in White Leghorns

Abstract THIS paper presents an analysis of a set of feather measurements obtained at the Beltsville Research Center during the course of an experiment designed to determine the effects of certain mineral supplements, particularly inorganic sulphur compounds, on the molt of White Leghorn hens. Since the molt is usually accompanied by a cessation of egg production, the importance of favorably influencing the growth of feathers, if it is possible to do so, is obvious. In view of the fact that feathers contain considerable amounts of sulphur, it was thought that the feeding of sulphur compounds might have some effect on the rate of growth and mature length of the new tail and wing feathers which were grown after the old feathers were dropped during the molt. The general plan of this experiment, including a description of the sulphur compounds fed, has been given in an earlier paper (Hendricks, 1933). Three groups . . .
Determination of plant iron, manganese and zinc by wet ashing procedures

The efficacy of HNOHClO4 and HNOHClO4-HF digestion mixtures for wet ashing of selected plant samples of field and greenhouse origin for Fe, Mn and Zn analyses was studied. The ternary digestion mixture was required for the determination of Fe, but not of Mn and Zn, in six unwashed field-grown samples, including four botanical Standard Reference Materials from the US National Bureau of Standards. The ternary digestion mixture was also required for the analysis of Fe in both washed and unwashed tops of field-grown flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). However, washing appreciably reduced plant Fe and Mn, presumably by removing soil contamination. In addition, the superiority of the ternary digestion mixture for Fe analysis was much less for the washed samples. The contents of Fe, Mn and Zn in washed tops of greenhouse-raised flax and soya beans (Glycine max L. Merr.) were similar with both digestion mixtures. It is recommended that in plant nutrition studies involving Fe, the efficacy of HNOHClO4 digestion procedures be routinely checked by completely dissolving any siliceous residue with HF.
On the Effect of Mechanical Excitation Position on Panel Loss Factor Estimation With the Power Input Method

For experimental determination of structural loss factor with mechanical excitation, the excitation location — i.e. “where to excite?” — and sensor placement — i.e. “where to measure?” — are quintessential considerations. For a highly-damped panel a significant portion is not experiencing reverberant field conditions, especially in higher frequency bands. That is, localized disturbances “die-out” before they can reflect off boundaries. As energy flows away from the excitation point, the energy the level in the direct field is higher than elsewhere, thereby resulting in higher response levels. Since the level of response is inversely proportional to damping, the loss factor predicted inside the direct field is underestimated. The size of direct field is proportional to frequency and loss factor. Therefore, for a highly damped and/or small plate, loss factor estimation based on randomly positioned accelerometers—which have a higher probability of being inside the direct field—will tend to underestimate damping.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Optical coherence tomography vs. high-frequency ultrasound during noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens

A noninvasive approach to vasectomy may eliminate male fear of complications related to surgery and increase its acceptance. Noninvasive laser thermal occlusion of the canine vas deferens has recently been reported. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) are compared for monitoring laser thermal coagulation of the vas in an acute canine model. Bilateral noninvasive laser coagulation of the vas was performed in 6 dogs (n=12 vasa) using a Ytterbium fiber laser wavelength of 1075 nm, incident power of 9.0 W, pulse duration of 500 ms, pulse rate of 1 Hz, and 3-mm-diameter spot. Cryogen spray cooling was used to prevent skin burns during the procedure. An OCT system with endoscopic probe and a HFUS system with 20-MHz transducer were used to image the vas immediately before and after the procedure. Vasa were then excised and processed for gross and histologic analysis for comparison with OCT and HFUS images. OCT provided high-resolution, superficial imaging of the compressed vas within the vas ring clamp, while HFUS provided deeper imaging of the vas held manually in the scrotal fold. Both OCT and high HFUS are promising imaging modalities for real-time confirmation of vas occlusion during noninvasive laser vasectomy.
Predictors of drug abuse treatment entry among crack-cocaine smokers

The goal of this study was to identify factors that predicted drug abuse treatment program entry among a community sample of 430 crack-cocaine users. Subjects were recruited using a targeted sampling methodology and responded to interviewer-administered questionnaires at 6 months intervals over a 3-year period. At baseline, 40.5% (n=174) reported they had never been in a drug abuse treatment program. During the observation period, 37.7% (n=162) of the sample reported they had entered a program. Of these, 43.8% (n=71) reported that their treatment was court-ordered. Slightly more than one-quarter (n=44) entered treatment for the first time. A host of variables, including individual characteristics, frequency and duration of crack use, frequency of drunkenness, Addiction Severity Index (ASI) family/social, medical, and psychiatric status composite scores, perceived need for treatment, history of treatment, and medical insurance coverage, was explored. The results of Cox proportional hazards model suggested that younger people, users with more severe legal problems, people who perceived a need for treatment, and individuals with prior treatment experience had a greater likelihood of entering treatment. Developing a strategy to practically apply these findings may facilitate treatment entry among a population involved with a dangerous and debilitating drug.
Diffraction and aberration analysis of a pulseshaper for a Gaussian beam

Within the Fresnel approximation the location of different frequency components in the mask plane of a 4-F grating pulseshaper is calculated using the angular spectrum for a Gaussian beam. This approach provides a more accurate description than the linear approximation more commonly used and it also gives a better physical description of the problem. Starting from the Fresnel approximation we have also performed an analysis of the aberrations of the wavefront in the maskplane as a function of various experimental variables such as beamwidth, confocal parameter, focal length and wavelength. All analyses are performed for femtosecond pulses with carrier wavelengths at 0.8 μm, and 1.55 μm. The Gaussian beam shape is found to be very resistant to aberrations, and for most common experimental set-ups aberrations do not affect the wavefront significantly in the maskplane.
Pharmacologic plaque passivation for the reduction of recurrent cardiac events in acute coronary syndromes.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is often associated with the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, coronary thrombus formation, and abrupt limitation of blood flow, leading to adverse outcomes. Passivation of vulnerable plaque represents a therapeutic concept that has the potential to prevent or limit the magnitude of a new rupture in order to reduce the recurrence or severity of events. Plaque passivation can be defined as a process by which the structure or content of the atherosclerotic plaque is changed to reduce the risk of subsequent rupture and thrombosis. This may be achieved by using strategies that address different components of the plaque or the endothelium. The following factors can affect the susceptibility of plaque to rupture: macrophage infiltration; accumulation of inflammatory cells; paracrine secretion of enzymes that may cause degradation of the fibrous cap of coronary plaque; shear stress; circadian rhythm variation in stress hormone release; and infectious agents. The use of pharmacologic agents to reduce plaque vulnerability by passivation has been explored. Clinical studies demonstrate that lipid-modifying agents (e.g., statins), antiplatelet agents (acetylsalicylic acid, thienopyridines, thianopyridines, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors), and antithrombotic agents (unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin) can reduce the occurrence of acute coronary events in ACS patients. In addition, angiographic studies suggest that statins may also promote regression of atherosclerosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, niacin, and calcium antagonists may also contribute to plaque passivation. This article reviews atherosclerotic plaque development and vulnerability and discusses some clinical studies highlighting the role of plaque passivation in the management of ACS patients.
Legislating Character: Moral Education in North Carolina's Public Schools

This article analyzes the epistemological aims and justification of character education legislation passed by the North Carolina General Assembly. I take this specific state law as representative of the broader national trends in the character education movement. I primarily use the work of Richard Rorty as the theoretical lens for the analysis and critique. I conclude by commending aspects of the legislative effort, but I suggest that greater emphasis must be placed on strengthening students' ethics through democratic action inside and outside schools and not on a right-leaning, conservative, and didactic curriculum. Further, as social foundations educators, it is imperative to make strides in our classrooms to expose preservice teachers to the apparent and hidden contradictions of using character education as a tool of educational reform.
Observation of metastable autodetaching Ca

The predicted 4s4${\mathrm{p}}^{2}$ $^{4}\mathrm{P}$ metastable state of the negative calcium ion has been observed. Measured autodetachment rates yield a lifetime of (2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ s, which is concluded to pertain to the J=(5/2 state. By means of laser photodetachment near the Ca $^{3}\mathrm{S}_{1}$ threshold, the electron affinity of the Ca 4s4p $^{3}\mathrm{P}$ parent state is found to be 0.562\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005 eV.
Determination of a Trazadone Metabolite, 1-m-Chlorophenyl- Piperazine in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A liquid chromatographic assay was developed for monitoring a trazodone metabolite, 1-m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) in plasma. Alkalinzed plasma was extracted with methylene chloride/isoamyl alcohol (98:2), and back-extracted with diluted phosphoric acid. The extracts were analyzed by a high carbon load, 20%, C-18, 5 um column with a ternary mobile phase at 45[ddot]C and detection at 254 nm. Retention volumes of mCPP, the internal standard and trazodone were 22.7, 38.0 and 58.7 ml, respectively. A peak, X, eluded closely with mCPP. Peak height ratios of mCPP/internal standard were linearly correlated to mCPP plasma concentrations between 10 to 100 ug/L. Detection limit was 5 ng and recovery was about 50%. Precision studies showed the within-run and day-to-day coefficients of variation were 4.0 and 5.7%, respectively. Patient samples (n = 6) showed substantial amounts of trazodone but only trace amounts of mCPP.
SU-FF-I-19: Skin Entrance Radiation Dose in An Interventional Radiology Procedure

Purpose: Monitoring of skin entrance radiation exposure in lengthy interventional procedures with X‐ray is recommended because of the potential for skin injury. X‐ray on‐time and dose‐area product (DAP) are readily available real‐time measurements. It would be of interest to study the correlation of these parameters and skin entrance radiation. Method and Materials: Twenty interventional procedures performed through the aortic arch to one or more of its three associated major blood vessels were monitored. Two pieces of GafChromic XR Type R film were placed between the patient and the examination table. An observer recorded the X‐ray on‐time and DAP for each phase of the procedure. Each film was scanned post‐procedure in RBG mode, and then the red component of the image was analyzed for peak skin entrance radiation dose (in air kerma) after proper calibration. All DAP values were corrected according to a calibration with an ion chamber. With the corrected DAP values for the respective phases of a procedure, and the Monte Carlo model used by the National Radiological Protection Board (United Kingdom), the effective dose in a standard man was calculated. Results: For these twenty cases, the mean and standard deviation of were 17.2 ± 6.4 minutes for X‐ray on‐time, 256 ± 65 Gy.cm2 for DAP, 94 ± 34 cGy for peak skin entrance dose in air kerma, and 13.2 ± 3.1 mSv for effective dose. The peak skin entrance dose was correlated to X‐ray on‐time, DAP and effective dose with the coefficients of 0.69, 0.68, and 0.49 respectively. The corresponding r‐values in linear regression analysis were 0.48, 0.46, and 0.24. Conclusion: The poor correlation with DAP and X‐ray on‐time suggests that skindose should be measured independently. However, peak skin entrance dose would be a poor indicator for effective dose. Determination of the latter requires more detail information.
Microlaser: A laser with One Atom in an Optical Resonator

We have demonstrated laser oscillation with one atom in an optical resonator. In our experiment a beam of $^{138}\mathrm{Ba}$ atoms traverses a single-mode cavity with a finesse of 8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{5}$. The atoms are excited by a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse from the $^{1}S_{0}$ ground state to the $^{3}P_{1}(m=0)$ excited state before they enter the cavity. Laser oscillation at 791 nm ($^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}S_{0}$) has been observed, with the mean number of atoms inside the mode ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, resulting in the mean number of photons inside the cavity changing from 0.14 to 11. The results are in good agreement with a fully quantized micromaser theory adapted to our experiment.
A 0-1 knapsack model for evaluating the possible Electoral College performance in two-party US presidential elections

The minimal fractions of the popular vote that could have elected a US President in the Electoral College in two-party elections in 1948-2004 are calculated by solving auxiliary knapsack problems. It is shown that under the rules of US presidential elections determined by Article 2 of the US Constitution, the values of these minimal fractions were within the range 16.072%-22.103%.
Homologous recombination is required for the viability of rad27 mutants

The RAD27/RTH1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a structural and functional homolog of the 5'-3' exonuclease function of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Four alleles of RAD27 were recovered in a screen for hyper-recombination, a phenotype also displayed by polA mutants of E.coli. All four rad27 mutants showed similar high levels of mitotic recombination, but varied in their growth rate at various temperatures, and sensitivity to the DNA damaging agent methyl methane sulfonate. Dependence of viability of rad27 strains on recombination was determined by crossing a strain containing a null allele of RAD27 to strains containing a mutation in either the RAD1, RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, RAD55, RAD57, MRE11, XRS2 or RAD59 gene. In no case were viable spore products recovered that contained both mutations. Elimination of the non-homologous end-joining pathway did not affect the viability of a rad27 strain. This suggests that lesions generated in the absence of RAD27 must be processed by homologous recombination.
Benign pneumatosis intestinalis in the setting of celiac disease.

Pneumatosis intestinalis is an uncommon finding that may indicate the presence of several alarming pathological conditions, including bowel ischemia, that require urgent surgical intervention. We report the case of a 51-year-old man with celiac disease who underwent resection of a large duodenal adenocarcinoma. Although he initially recovered rapidly from his procedure, he subsequently developed abdominal distention and leukocytosis. Abdominal imaging revealed extensive small bowel pneumatosis and pneumoperitoneum. Emergent surgical exploration revealed only bowel wall air cysts and dilated bowel but failed to demonstrate any intra-abdominal pathology. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged without any further complications or recurrence of symptoms. We review the current literature on the rare finding of pneumatosis intestinalis in the setting of celiac disease. In all reported cases, even when pneumatosis is accompanied by pneumoperitoneum, these alarming findings have proved to be of “benign” origin, that is with no evidence of bowel ischemia, perforation, or peritonitis. The available evidence suggests that pneumatosis in the setting of celiac disease may reflect the dissection of intraluminal gas into the inflamed bowel wall without accompanying intra-abdominal pathology. We conclude that pneumatosis intestinalis, even with accompanying pneumoperitoneum, does not uniformly mandate surgical exploration in patients with celiac disease.
Pathological microscopic image compression using lossless and progressive coding schemes

This paper proposes pathological microscopic image compression schemes that suit lossless and progressive transmission. Because pathological microscopic images require very high resolution, they create heavy storage requirements and long transmission times. Image compression is desired to reduce these problems. First, we propose a lossless Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT) based on ladder networks. The proposed lossless KLT reduces inter-color redundancies which increases coding performance. Next we propose a progressive transmission algorithm by combining the lossless KLT and set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) with the S+P transform. SPIHT is adopted to encode individual color-transformed components. By considering coding efficiency, the transmission bit rates of each encoded component are determined. The resulting algorithm gives high coding performance and has progressive transmission capability. When all transmitted data are decoded, decoding yields the original image. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm when applied to super high definition pathological microscopic images. All the images used in our tests have 2048x2048 pixels and 24 bits per pixel. It is shown that the coding performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to that of DCT-based JPEG with the RGB/YUV transform.
Prosthodontic treatment of abused oral tissues.

U nfortunately, the oral tissues that make up the basal-seat area of the denture base are constantly changing. In addition, the denture base material cannot change along with the oral tissue so that the dentures must be corrected to maintain health, function, and comfort. I f the patient seeks professional help from his dentist and receives it, his problem will very likely be solved in a satisfactory manner. However, for lack of funds, time, or understanding as to what to do, the patient often seeks his own solutions. Thus, on the advice of well meaning friends or relatives, he often seeks a means of improving comfort and chewing ability with the home reliner and unknowingly introduces hazards which may result in irreversible damage to the bone and mucosa of the oral cavity. What was at first a minor problem can turn into an impossible situation.
Object-based image retrieval through learning from user search patterns and profiles

In this paper, we propose a self-learning content-based image indexing and retrieval system. Our system employs a hierarchical content representation and a hierarchical content matching method for effective and efficient image/object retrieval. the 'learning' behavior is enabled by our proposed hierarchical content representation which allows easy storage of combinations of regions that have resulted in successful matches to objects of interest as determined by user search patterns and profiles. The learning step effectively performs an automatic analysis of database images into meaningful objects given certain user search patterns and interest profiles. The advantages of the proposed hierarchical content representation and 'learning' schemes are demonstrated on a collection of car and face images, where the significant improvements in search and retrieval speed are described both theoretically and experimentally.
Progress of experimental characterization and micromechanistic modeling of actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) consist of a polyelectrolyte membrane (usually, Nafion or Flemion) plated on both faces by a noble metal, and is neutralized with certain counterions that balance the electrical charge of the anions covalently fixed to the backbone membrane. In the hydrated state, a cantilevered strip of this composite performs bending vibration when subjected to an AC potential across its faces, and it produces millivolt potential when suddenly bent. Thus the composite is a soft actuator and sensor. Its coupled electrical-chemical-mechanical response depends on the chemical composition and structure of the backbone ionic polymer; the morphology of the metal electrodes; the nature of the cations; and the level of hydration. A systematic experimental evaluation of the mechanical response of both metal-plated and bare Nafion in various cation forms and various water saturation levels has been performed at UCSD. By examining the measured stiffness of the Nafion-based composites and the corresponding bare Nafion, under a variety of conditions, I have develop relations between internal forces and the resulting stiffness and deformation of this class of IPMCs. Based on these and through a comparative study of the effects of various cations on the material's stiffness and response, I have sought to identify potential micro-mechanisms responsible for the observed electro-mechanical behavior of these materials, model them, and compare the model results with experimental data. A summary of some of these developments is given in the present work.
Exports, Outward-Oriented Development, and Economic Growth

The World Bank has urged poor nations to adopt development strate gies which emphasize export expansion, dismissing the caution against excessive trade dependence voiced by political economists. In...
Native science, intercultural education and place‐conscious education: an Ecuadorian example

This paper explores ways to bring together local and global knowledge systems in the context of education. It first discusses the concepts of native science and of intercultural education, key ideas in Ecuadorian indigenous education today. Both of these concepts seek to unite the local and the global in new ways. It explores the views of Ecuadorian indigenous educators and leaders around issues of education and science. The primary need voiced by these individuals is that of defending their communities against various kinds of encroachment, economic as well as cultural, and the enterprise of education is viewed within this reality. Finally, the paper discusses the paradigm of place‐conscious education, which the author argues is a unifying conceptual framework that speaks to the concerns voiced by these educators as well as those of educators elsewhere.
Diabetes Mellitus, and Not Obesity, Is Associated with Lower Survival Following Liver Transplantation

The impact of obesity on survival following liver transplantation is unclear, and existing studies report conflicting results. Our current study aims to further delineate the impact of obesity using population-based registry data from the USA. All US adult liver transplant recipients from 2003 to 2012 were evaluated using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry. The impact of obesity on survival following liver transplantation was further stratified into class I obesity [body mass index (BMI) 30.0–34.9 kg/m2], class II obesity (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), and class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) and evaluated using Kaplan–Meier methods and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Overall, 57,255 patients with chronic liver disease underwent liver transplantation, among which 32.9 % had BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. While patients in all obesity classes had similar survival to patients with BMI 18.0–24.9 kg/m2, the presence of concurrent diabetes mellitus resulted in significantly lower post-transplant survival. After multivariate regression, post-transplant survival in patients with class II obesity (HR 0.97; 95 % CI 0.89–1.05) or class III obesity (HR 0.99; 95 % CI 0.90–1.09) was not significantly lower than patients with BMI 18.0–24.9 kg/m2, but diabetes mellitus was independently associated with lower post-transplant survival (HR 1.29; 95 % CI 1.21–1.36). In conclusion, obesity alone was not associated with lower post-transplant survival. However, DM, either alone or comorbid with obesity, is associated with significantly greater post-transplant mortality.
Managing large-volume literature searches in research synthesis studies

Abstract Background Systematic reviews typically require searching for, retrieving, and screening a large volume of literature, yet little guidance is available on how to manage this volume. Purpose We detail methods used to search for and manage the yield of relevant citations for a mixed-methods, mixed research synthesis study focused on the intersection between family life and childhood chronic physical conditions. Methods We designed inclusive search strings and searched nine bibliographic databases to identify relevant research regardless of methodological origin. We customized searches to individual databases, developed work-arounds for transferring large volumes of citations and eliminating duplicate citations using reference management software, and used this software as a portal to select citations for inclusion or exclusion. We identified 67,555 citations, retrieved and screened 3,617 reports, and selected 800 reports for inclusion. Discussion/Conclusions Systematic reviews require search procedures to allow consistent and comprehensive approaches and the ability to work around technical obstacles.
“Once You’ve Blended the Cake, You Can’t Take the Parts Back to the Main Ingredients”: Black Gay and Bisexual Men’s Descriptions and Experiences of Intersectionality

Although Black gay and bisexual men have written eloquently about the intersections of race, gender, and sexual identity in anthologies such as Brother to Brother and In the Life, empirical studies of intersectionality with men, and Black gay and bisexual men in particular are rare. This qualitative study examined descriptions and experiences of intersectionality in individual interviews with 12 U.S. Black self-identified gay (n = 9) and bisexual (n =3) men in Washington, DC. Participants ranged in age from 21 and 44 (M = 36.33) and were predominantly highly educated and middle income. Research questions were: (1) How do participants describe and experience intersections of race, gender, and sexual identity?; (2) How do social processes shape their social identities?; (3) What are their challenges due to intersections of race, gender, and sexual identity?; and (4) What are the perceived benefits of these intersections? Analyses highlighted four key themes: (1) explicit and implicit descriptions of intersectionality; (2) the primacy of identities as Black and/or Black men first; (3) challenges such as negative stereotypes, racial microaggressions in mainstream and White LGB communities, heterosexism in Black communities, and gender role pressures to act “masculine”; and (4) perceived benefits such as psychological growth, liberation from traditional gender role or heteronormative expectations, and the freedom that being outsiders or “never being comfortable” confers in terms of exploring new opportunities and experiences. These findings imply that intersectionality can be expanded to incorporate the strengths/assets of intersectional identities in addition to oppression based on interlocking social identities.
Electrophoretic separation of neutral and acid β-glucosidase isozymes in human tissues

An electrophoretic system using cellulose acetate has been developed for the resolution of beta-glucosidase isozymes (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21 and D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.45) in human tissue homogenates. Electrophoresis of homogenates from normal and Type 1 Gaucher disease tissues revealed two fluorescent bands of beta-glucosidase activity which corresponded to the acid and neutral isozymes separated by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. The acid isozyme has only beta-glucosidase activity, whereas the neutral isozyme also exhibited alpha-L-arabinosidase (alpha-L-arabinofuranoside arabinofuranohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.55), beta-D-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) and beta-D-xylosidase (1,4-beta-D-xylan xylohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.37) activities, using the appropriate 4-methylumbelliferyl glycoside. In homogenates of cultured skin fibroblasts, only the acid isozyme was observed which co-electrophoresed with the acidic activity in other tissue homogenates. The acidic activity in tissue and fibroblast homogenates from Type 1 Gaucher disease appeared to co-electrophorese with the acid isozyme in normal tissues, but had markedly reduced activity.
Stroke volume estimation from the new noninvasive cardiopulmonary stethoscope

This paper presents advanced signal processing techniques and associated results for measuring the stroke volume using cardiopulmonary stethoscope (CPS), a new noninvasive multiple vital signs sensor. The CPS is a novel sensor based on RF measurements on patient's chest. It can noninvasively and accurately measure changes in lung water (CLW), heart rate (HR), and respiration rate (RR) as reported in previous studies. CPS cardiac signal was correlated with arterial blood pressure measurements for studying the feasibility of estimating this important parameter noninvasively. Stroke volume measurement was computed using two methods, namely mean arterial blood pressure and area under the curve. Validation results by comparison with arterial blood pressure waveform are presented. The CPS technology is based on continuous monitoring of the reflection and/or the transmission coefficient to indicate changes in the dielectric properties of the lung tissue as well as the motion activities of the heart (blood flow) and respiration activities. An EKG-lead size sensor was placed in contact with the chest and reflection coefficients were measured at 915 MHz and multiple vital signs are derived from a single measurement using a novel digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm reported in earlier studies (3).
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Fluid near Its Critical Point

We present computer simulations for the static and dynamic behavior of a fluid near its consolute critical point. We study the Widom-Rowlinson mixture, which is a two component fluid where like species do not interact and unlike species interact via a hard core repulsion. At high enough densities this fluid exhibits a second order demixing transition that is in the Ising universality class. We find that the mutual diffusion coefficient DAB vanishes as DAB approximately xi(-1.26 +/- 0.08), where xi is the correlation length. This is different from renormalization-group and mode coupling theory predictions for model H, which are DAB approximately xi(-1.065) and DAB approximately xi(-1), respectively.
Some classes of hit-theory models

Abstract The quantum biological theory of the interaction (hits) between radiation particles and targets necessary for survival is axiomatically developed. Extensions, to include both biological variability in the probability of a hit and variation in the number of targets, are carried out. The problem of adjustment for spontaneous death is explicitly treated by zero-truncation of relevant distributions. A catalog of thirty-nine models is presented in three tables. Many of these are new. The problem of the aliasing of models resulting from different assumptions is briefly treated. An operational approach to hit-theoretic modelling is presented. The notion of a principle of duality is used to explicate the relation between continuous tolerance-dose distributions and quantal dose-mortality curves. Implications for the theory of bioassay are pointed out. The compendium of hit-theory models will enable the biological investigator to choose an appropriate model for a particular investigation and aid awareness of a set of alternative models which may be consistent with experimental data.
CORTISOL AND ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE RESPONSES TO STRESS IN CARDIAC SURGICAL PATIENTS

The hormonal responses to anaesthesia and cardiac surgery were studied in patients undergoing valve or coronary bypass surgery. Marked increases in antidiuretic hormone levels as a result of surgical stress were seen, and were of approximately equal magnitude in both groups. Although both groups also showed marked increases in plasma cortisol levels in response to operations, this response appeared to be relatively blunted in valve surgery patients, especially at the end of operation and in the intensive care unit. This blunted cortisol response may be a manifestation of exhaustion of adrenocortical reserves in valvular surgical patients whose sympathoadrenal system has already been chronically stimulated by a low output state. The important role of the neuroendocrine system in maintaining homeostasis postoperatively has long been recognized; this relative cortisol deficiency may be aetiologically related to poor postoperative recovery in critically ill valvular surgery patients.
Optical absorption and stimulated emission in ultrathin single quantum wells

Abstract Stimulated emission from a series of ultrathin AlGaAsGaAs separate confinement single quantum well structures is demonstrated, under various photo-excitation energies both above and below the confining layer band edge. It is shown that a single ultrathin quantum well as thin as nine monolayers ( L Z = 25 A ) has sufficient absorption to support stimulated emission.
The generation of complexity in evolution: A thermodynamic and information-theoretical discussion

Abstract It is argued that the evolutionary tendency toward complexity derives from the Second Law of thermodynamics and the set of physicochemical constraints provided by the biosphere. Complexity-generating processes provide the means by which thermodynamic information resulting from solar energy influxes can be dissipated. In particular, reductions in energetic information promote the growth of molecular size, and reductions in configurational information promote aperiodicity in molecular sequences. Natural selection converts the sequence entropy generated in these processes into molecular information.
SOUTH TYROL: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SYNDROME OF NATIONALISM

Historians, political scientists, and psychologists share with men of affairs a common interest in nationalism, especially in its manifestations around the world today. Here is a discussion of a psychologist's approach to a study of nationalism in a particular locale. Leonard W. Doob is Professor of Psychology and Chairman of African studies at Yale University and a long-time student of attitudes and public opinion.
Phenotypic plasticity is the major determinant of changes in phenotypic integration in Arabidopsis

Summary • The way in which novel genetic variation affects the patterns of phenotypic integration in natural populations is addressed here. • An experimental study is presented of the variability in integration caused by interpopulation hybridization and consequent genetic reshuffling, as well as by changes in the physical environment in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). • Our results show a basic invariance of sets of covarying traits in A. thaliana, with changes in nutrient availability as the principal factor accounting for major departures from the general pattern and where differences in the genetic background of the recombinant lines are less important. In A. thaliana, the relationships among vegetative and reproductive traits form distinct clusters in multivariate space. A high degree of congruence was found between differences in the multivariate mean phenotype and the pattern of phenotypic integration, as expected on the basis of recent theoretical models. • This relationship might indicate strong selective constraints acting on the specialized life history of these populations, which are spring ephemerals inhabiting ruderal habitats and prone to competition avoidance.
Literature-related discovery: Potential treatments and preventatives for SARS.

Abstract Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more previously disjoint concepts in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible connections (i.e., potential discovery). LRD has been used to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was the first pandemic of the 21st century. SARS was eventually controlled through increased hygienic measures (e.g., face mask protection, frequent hand washing, living quarter disinfection), travel restrictions, and quarantine. According to recent reviews of SARS, none of the drugs that were used during the pandemic worked. For the present paper, SARS was selected as the first application of LRD to an infectious disease. The main goal of this research was to identify non-drug non-surgical treatments that would 1) prevent the occurrence, or 2) reduce the progression rate, or 3) stop/reverse the progression of SARS. The MeSH taxonomy of Medline was used to restrict potential discoveries to selected semantic classes, and to identify potential discoveries efficiently. To enhance the volume of potential discovery, databases were used in addition to Medline. These included the Science Citation Index (SCI) and, in contrast to previous work, a full text database. Because of the richness of the full text, ‘surgical’ queries were developed that targeted the exact types of potential discovery of interest while eliminating clutter more efficiently.
Low-temperature energy release in platinum after ion radiation

The release of stored energy and the change of resistivity were measured simultaneously in the same specimen during the annealing from 15 to 35 K of platinum irradiated with 20-MeV deuterons. The calorimeter and differential power analysis used are described in detail. The work was undertaken to determine whether the enhanced initial rate of resistivity increase during the irrradiation of quenched platinum, as compared to the rate in annealed platinum, results from greater Frenkel-pair production or a larger Frenkel resistivity in the quenched material. The results indicate that most of the enhancement in these irradiations represents increased production. The resistivity increment per defect added by the irradiation when measured at 5 K is increased only a few percent by the vacancies from the quench. The additional interstitials are preferentially deposited near these vacancies. Using an estimated energy stored in each Frenkel pair of 6 eV the resistivity increment at 5 K of unit concentration of Frenkel defects in platinum is 12 times 10$sup -4$ $Omega$ cm.
Bovine Milk Orotate: Differences between Cows and Changes during Lactation

Abstract Orotate in the morning milk of 250 cows from five dairy breeds averaged 81.1 μ g/ml but exhibited large variability as indicated by a standard deviation of 48.6 and a range from 19 to 664 μ g/ml. Much of this variability in milk orotate is likely attributable to variation between individual cows. Some variation was due to breed, number of lactations, and stage of lactation. Jersey and Guernsey cows produced milk with lower orotate than Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, or Holstein cows. Cows with more lactations had lower orotate concentrations. Stage of lactation also affected orotate concentration; this was reverified by periodic monitoring in individual cows at various stages of lactation. Orotate in first-drawn colostrum averaged 13.2 and 5.8 μ g/ml for seven uniparous and eight multiparous Holstein cows. Within 2 wk, these animals had increased to 60 μ g/ml with uniparous animals rising more rapidly. For eight other Holstein cows monitored biweekly from 2 to 44 wk of lactation, orotate rose to 76 μ g/ml by wk 10 and remained fairly constant through wk 38. The cow with the highest concentration of milk orotate produced milk with four to ten times more orotate than these eight animals at all stages of lactation; the average from 10 through 38 wk was 558 μ g orotate/ml and a sample approached 800. During the dry period, orotate concentration in lacteal secretions decreased to that in first-drawn colostrum.
“One-and-a-Half-Tailed” Tests of Significance

A compromise is offered between the positions taken by advocates and opponents of one-tailed tests of significance. The one-and-a-half-tailed test is suggested as having most of the benefits of the one-tailed test while eliminating the major objections.
Corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability: Why professional sport is greening the playing field

Abstract In this study, we explore institutional forces affecting environmental sustainability in professional sport teams and leagues in North America. Interviews with sport executives and executives from partner groups, 122 websites and organizational documents, and 56 media reports were examined. Data revealed how environmental management practices are being diffused in professional sport organizations. Evidence indicated associative behavior among sport organizations with respect to environmental management. Data also illustrated that media played a role in driving and defining the type and extent of involvement in professional sport teams’ environmental sustainability efforts. We discuss environmental sustainability as it affects a team's or league's CSR related initiatives (i.e., averting legal recourse, saving money, as well as building stronger relationships with stakeholders (e.g., customers, fans, local communities, federal governments and corporate partners)), and speculate how these efforts might evolve and inform the development of environmental sustainability in organizations in the sport, service and entertainment sectors.
Periphytic oxygen production in outdoor experimental channels

Abstract The contribution of periphytic oxygen was quantified in outdoor artificial streams. A factorial design was employed to determine the effect of stream velocity and light on periphytic growth, measured as chlorophyll α. Results showed that periphytic oxygen production can be estimated by the equation: mg O 2 h −1 mg Chl a =0.85 × 10 −4 × Light Intensity (ft. candles) + 0.061 =0.91 × 10 −3 × Light Intensity (1x) + 0.061 for light intensities to 5000 ft-candles (53,800 lx). Stream velocity was found to be statistically insignificant in affecting oxygen production, but was a factor in periphyton accural and species composition. Gross oxygen production exceeded respiration by a factor of three.