cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolution of enantiomers of a series of chiral alkoxy-modified phthalocyaninato nickel(II) complexes by enantioselective HPLC

We have resolved the enantiomers of a series of chiral modified metallophthalocyaninato complexes of nickel bearing alkoxy groups at the 14 and 28 positions on what would otherwise be a normal phthalocyaninato ligand and conforming to the general formula [14,28-(RO)2Pc]Ni(II), where R = Me, Et, or n-Pr. The complex for which R = n-Pr is reported here for the first time. Resolution of the enantiomers of these complexes was accomplished viaHPLC utilizing an immobilized carbohydrate-based stationary phase, resulting in baseline resolution of peaks corresponding to enantiomers of the complexes, with Rs values in excess of five. Isolation of milligram quantities of the complexes bearing methoxy and n-propoxy groups in high enantiomeric excess has been achieved via semi-preparative-scale HPLC on the same stationary phase. Resolved samples of these compounds do not appear to racemize at an appreciable rate, nor do they readily exchange alkoxy groups with alcohols while stirring in alcoholic solution. The spectroscopic details and the crystallographically-determined solid-state structure for the complex where R = n-Pr are reported, and are highly similar to those that have been observed for the previously reported analogues. It has been shown by NMR that the chirality and C2 molecular symmetry of the complex bearing n-propoxy groups is maintained in solution.
Raman scattering by radiation induced defects

Abstract Raman scattering from color center defects induced in KN 3 by ultraviolet irradiation has been observed.
Studies on the Dissemination of Fungi from the Feet of Subjects with and Without Fungous Disease of the Feet1

For many years exogenous exposures to pathogenic fungi have been suggested as causes of acute attacks of tinea pedis. Adherents of this belief have based their prophylaxis of fungous disease of the feet on the avoidance of exposure to fungi in areas around swimming pools, public shower rooms and in contaminated shoes and stockings. Many attempts have been made to support this belief by demonstrating the presence of fungi in these places and on fomites.
Standpoint: Comparing electronic media across cultures: Reflections in a myopic eye?

(1996). Standpoint: Comparing electronic media across cultures: Reflections in a myopic eye? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 265-280.
On the physics of stratospheric (nacreous) cloud formation

The purpose of this note is to point out that conjectures that stratospheric lee waves might be able to produce the required additional cooling necessary for nacreous (mother-of-pearl) cloud formation in the lower stratosphere are in good agreement with recent experimental results obtained by Lilly and co-workers for mountain-induced lee waves. A recent conjecture of a very moist stratosphere to account for the formation of stratospheric clouds thus appears unnecessary. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00631.x
Simulations of exercise and brain effects of acute exposure to carbon monoxide in normal and vascular-diseased persons.

At some level, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) due to inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO) reduces maximum exercise duration in both normal and ischemic heart patients. At high COHb levels in normal subjects, brain function is also affected and behavioral performance is impaired.These are findings from published experiments that are, due to ethical or practical considerations, incomplete in that higher or lower ranges of COHb, and exercise have not been well studied. To fill in this knowledge base, a whole-body human physiological model was used to make estimates of physiological functioning by the simulation of parametric exposures to CO and various exercise levels. Ischemic heart disease was simulated by introducing a stenosis in the left heart arterial supply. Brain blood flow was also limited by such a stenosis. To lend credibility to such estimation, the model was tested by simulating experiments from the published literature. Simulations permitted several new conclusions. Increases in COHb produced the large...
Coupling of elementary resonances in 3D metamaterials

Simulation analysis of electromagnetic response of infinite 2D arrays of dielectric ceramic resonators and of parallel 2D arrays comprising 3D metamaterial blocks is presented. Modeling of the arrays has been performed by applying periodic boundary conditions to various unit cells. It was revealed that coupling between elementary magnetic resonances in infinite 2D arrays can affect both the resonance frequency and the resonance Q-factor. Defects in array periodicity were found to cause partial splitting of the resonance modes. It was shown that coupling between parallel 2D arrays stacked in the direction of wave propagation produced a drastic splitting of the resonance modes and led to the formation of the resonance band. The observed effects demonstrate that the uniform medium concept can be not applicable to the description of 3D metamaterial structures.
A high efficiency single-cell cascaded charge pump topology-the competitive alternative to inductive boost converters

A single cell, efficiency optimized switched capacitor converter is presented. By means of a "modified cascaded" topology which supports additional conversion ratios and an automatically conversion ratio alignment to the V/sub OUT//V/sub IN/-ratio an overall average efficiency above 80% and a peak efficiency close to 90% is achieved. A current-mode control helps to stabilize the operating voltage on the "flying" capacitors independent on the conversion ratio. This reduces current spikes on the input and output of the converter and keeps the output voltage glitch-free when the conversion mode is changed. To optimize the efficiency at light loads a current-saving "LinearSkip" control is implemented. The converter was realized, in a 10-Pin MSOP package and needs 5 tiny 1 uF ceramic capacitors to build a complete single cell to 3.3 V converter.
123 Permanent Fluorescent Nuclear Staining of Binucleate Dinoflagellates

Typically, fluorescent microscopy of dinoflagellate nuclei is of poor resolution, due mainly to visual obstruction of the nuclei by plastids, pigment granules, and thecal plates. Moreover, the usual slide mounts using buffered glycerol are temporary, and fade after a week or so. We have developed a procedure to clear pigments from dinoflagellates, followed by fluorescent staining of the nuclei. The cells are then prepared as permanent mounts using an ultraviolet light-catalyzed resin to produce stained samples which may be kept for at least three years with little loss of fluorescence. This procedure can also be used to prepare plastic embedded dinoflagellate cells which can then be sectioned at 1–2 nm, fluorescent stained, and permanently mounted. Suitable nuclear stains are DAPI, Hoechst 33258, ethidium bromide and acridine orange. The dinoflagellate (dinokaryotic), and endosymbiont (eukaryotic) nuclei are clearly visualized, revealing individual chromosomes in the dinoflagellate nucleus, and a highly lobed morphology of the endosymbiont nucleus.
MODELING INFECTIOUS DISEASES USING GLOBAL STOCHASTIC CELLULAR AUTOMATA

Susceptibles-infectives-removals (SIR) and its derivatives are the classic mathematical models for the study of infectious diseases in epidemiology. In order to model and simulate epidemics of an infectious disease, we use cellular automata (CA). The simplifying assumptions of SIR and naive CA limit their applicability to the real world characteristics. A global stochastic cellular automata paradigm (GSCA) is proposed, which incorporates geographic and demographic based interactions. The interaction measure between the cells is a function of population density and Euclidean distance, and has been extended to include geographic, demographic and migratory constraints. The progression of diseases using traditional CA and classic SIR are analyzed, and similar behavior to the SIR model is exhibited by GSCA, using the geographic information systems (GIS) gravity model for interactions. The limitations of the SIR and naive CA models of homogeneous population with uniform mixing are addressed by the GSCA model. The GSCA model is oriented to heterogeneous population, and can incorporate interactions based on geography, demography, environment and migration patterns. The progression of diseases can be modeled at higher levels of fidelity using the GSCA model, and facilitates optimal deployment of public health resources for prevention, control and surveillance of infectious diseases.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months of corrected age associated with prenatal risk factors.

Abstract Background Very premature infants occasionally have neurodevelopmental disabilities. However, there have been quite limited data on prenatal risk factors associated with their neurodevelopmental outcomes. Aim To clarify the relationship between prenatal risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes of very premature infants. Study design The study design is a retrospective review. Subjects One hundred seventy Japanese women with a singleton pregnancy and their infants whose birth weight being less than 1500 g were included. We classified those infants into 118 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 52 small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Outcome measures Infants' neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of corrected age were evaluated by the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 (KSPD). We analyzed and compared the infants' outcomes and prenatal risk factors between two groups. Results Mortality and rate of infants unevaluable by KSPD because of severe impairment were not significantly different between those groups. However, the developmental quotient score of the cognitive–adaptive area in SGA infants born between 25 and 31 weeks of gestation was significantly lower than that in AGA infants randomly selected as gestation-matched controls. More advanced gestational age and heavier birth weight protected against adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in both groups. Moreover, male infants were related to the excess risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the SGA group. Conclusion In view of the neurodevelopment of the infants, it seems that the most efficient obstetric strategy for improving prognosis of premature infants should be targeted to prolong the pregnancy period as long as the reassuring fetal status and maternal stable health condition are being confirmed.
7 Tesla Brain MRI Characteristics Among Concussion Patients (P7.162)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate structural brain imaging changes using an ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system in patients with concussion. BACKGROUND: Structural brain imaging may help in the evaluation and management of patients with concussion. Ultra-high-field MRI at 7 tesla has not been well utilized to study patients with concussion. DESIGN/METHODS: Following informed consent, we performed 7 Tesla brain MRI scans on patients with post-concussion syndrome. We assessed white matter signal changes (T2, FLAIR), and the presence of blood products (GRE, SWI). In addition, we compared these changes to prior non-contrast head CT imaging and brain MRI. All subjects had initial head CT imaging which was negative for parenchymal brain abnormalities, and completed a 3 tesla brain MRI prior to study enrollment. RESULTS: Among the 9 patients we enrolled, the average age was 38.2 (range 16-73). Five of the 9 subjects were previously diagnosed with a sport-related concussion. Date of last concussion ranged from 1 month to 36 months prior to study enrollment. Non-specific T2 signal abnormalities were seen in the white matter of 67[percnt] of subjects. When compared to 3 tesla MRI, 4 of the 6 subjects with abnormal GRE or SWI sequences revealed a greater number of areas of parenchymal blood products on 7 tesla MRI. Among the 6 subjects with GRE or SWI signal abnormalities on 3 tesla MRI, 2 subjects were clarified to have developmental venous anomalies, rather than parenchymal blood product on 7 tesla MRI. The results of 7 Tesla MRI altered the neuroimaging report interpretation in 78[percnt] of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: 7 Tesla MRI of the brain provides additional structural brain information among patients with post-concussion syndrome, when compared to 3 tesla MRI. Further study is needed to determine the role for 7 tesla MRI in the clinical management of these patients. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Russman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Figler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lowe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose.
Lithium transport across isolated frog skin epithelium.

Transepithelial Li+ influx was studied in the isolated epithelium from abdominal skin ofRana catesbeiana. With Na+-Ringer's as inside medium and Li+-Ringer's as outside medium, the Li+ influx across the epithelium was 15.6 μA/cm2. This influx was considerably reduced by removal of either Na+ or K+ from the inside bath or by the addition of ouabain or amiloride. Epithelial K+ or Na+ concentration was respectively lower in epithelia bathed in K+-free Ringer's or Na+-free Ringer's. In conditions of negligible Na+ transport, a 20mm Li+ gradient (out→in) produced across the short-circuited epithelium a Li+ influx of 11.8 μA/cm2 and a mean short-circuit current of 10.2 μA/cm2. The same Li+ gradient in the opposite direction produced a Li+ outflux of only 1.9 μA/cm2. With equal Li+ concentration (10.3 and 20.6mm) on both sides of the epithelium, plus Na+ in the inside solution only, a stable Li+-dependent short-circuit current was observed. Net Li+ movement (out→in) was also indirectly determined in the presence of an opposing Li+ gradient. Although Li+ does not substitute for Na+ as an activator of the (Na++K+)-ATPase from frog skin epithelium, Li+ influx appears to be related to Na+−K+ pump activity. It is proposed that the permeability of the “outer barrier” to Na+ and Li+ is regulated by the electrical gradient produced by electrogenic Na+−K+ pumps located in the membrane of the deeper epithelial cells.
Design and Optimization of an Irradiance Profile-Shaping System with a Genetic Algorithm Method

We develop a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method and use it in the design of a refractive-beam profile-shaping system. In this application, we employ the GA to determine the shape of one surface of the primary beam profile-shaping element in our system. The GA is instructed to vary the shape of this surface such that the output intensity profile is flat on a spherical surface some distance away. The GA does this while insuring that only a specified area of the output surface is illuminated. The calculation of the intensity profile is based on geometrical optics and is accomplished exclusively through ray tracing, giving this method broad applicability.
The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of atomic oxygen with acetylene

A photoionization mass spectrometer has been used to study the reaction of ground-state oxygen atoms with acetylene. The oxygen atoms were produced in the absence of molecular oxygen in a discharge-flow system with nitrogen as the principal carrier gas. Several of the free radicals and stable product molecules that were observed previously have been studied in more detail. Experiments with added gases have shown that the methylene radicals observed are probably in their ground, triplet state. The ratio of rate constants for the reactions of CH$\_{2}$ with O$\_{2}$ and O respectively was found to be approximately 1:10. The dependence of the C$\_{3}$H$\_{3}$ radical concentration on the experimental conditions showed that C$\_{3}$H$\_{3}$ was formed in a secondary reaction, probably involving an excited molecule or radical. The rate constant for the reaction of the HCCO radical with O$\_{2}$ was measured as 2.2 $\pm $ 1.2 $\times $ 10$^{7}$ l mol$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$. The product observed at mass 42 appears to be ground-state ketene formed in the primary step, perhaps via a triplet state. However, the possibility that the ketene might be formed in a secondary process cannot be dismissed. The rate constant for the reaction of ground-state oxygen atoms with ketene was measured, with a result significantly lower than a previous study. The diacetylene concentration showed a complex dependence on reaction conditions. Analysis of the approach of $[\text{C}\_{4}$H$\_{2}$$]$ to its steady-state concentration gave a rate constant for the reaction of oxygen atoms with diacetylene of 1.6 $\pm $ 0.5 $\times $ 10$^{9}$ l mol$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$. The relation of these results to previous studies is discussed briefly. It is suggested that a reaction of one or more of the energetic primary products, such as electronically excited CH$\_{2}$, HCCO or ketene, could be responsible for the chemiluminescence of CH, OH and CHO.
Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 in the heart improves functional recovery from ischemia in vitro and protects against myocardial infarction in vivo

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been the subject of many studies to identify signaling pathways that promote cell survival or death. In cultured cardiac myocytes, p38 MAPK promotes cell survival or death depending on whether it is activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MKK6) or MKK3, respectively. The objectives of the current study were to examine the effects of MKK6-mediated p38 activation in the heart in vivo. Accordingly, we generated transgenic (TG) mice that overexpress wild type MKK6 in a cardiac-restricted manner. Although p38 was about 17-fold more active in TG than non-transgenic (NTG) mouse hearts, TG mouse hearts were morphologically and functionally similar to those of NTG littermates. However, upon transient ischemia followed by reperfusion, the MKK6 TG mouse hearts exhibited significantly better functional recovery and less injury than NTG mouse hearts. Because MKK6 increases levels of the protective small heat shock protein, αB-crystallin (αBC), in cultured cardiac myocytes, we examined αBC levels in the mouse hearts. The level of αBC was 2-fold higher in MKK6 TG than NTG mouse hearts. Moreover, ischemia followed by reperfusion induced a 6.4-fold increase in αBC levels in the mitochondrial fractions of TG mouse hearts but no increase in αBC levels in any of the other fractions analyzed. These alterations in αBC expression and localization suggest possible mechanisms of cardioprotection in MKK6 TG mouse hearts.
Eavesdropper performance in cellular CDMA

We study eavesdropper performance in power-controlled cellular CDMA systems. A significant hindrance to eavesdropping in the reverse channel is the wide range of potential received powers from active users; although power control insures that all users are received with approximately equal power at the base station, it does not concern itself with the rest of the cell. Susceptibility to the near-far problem is demonstrated, and performance sensitivity to eavesdropper location is shown to depend on a single off-centered-ness parameter. Both circular and linear cell geometries are considered, with log-distance and log-normal shadowing models adopted for signal path loss. A comparison of several eavesdropper detection strategies is performed, demonstrating a potential for significant performance improvement through the use of multiuser detection techniques.
Skinfold Measurements in Children: A Comparison of Lange and McGaw Calipers

Two types of calipers to measure skinfolds have been compared in adults, but the same type of comparison has not been done in a pediatric population who generally would have smaller skinfolds. Biceps and triceps skinfold measurements were made in 240 pediatric patients ranging in age from 2 weeks to 18 years. Skinfold measurements obtained with a McGaw caliper were on the average 12.6 percent lower than those obtained with a Lange caliper on the same patient. Differences between measurements by two investigators using the same caliper on the same patient averaged 20.4 percent for the Lange caliper and 17.6 percent for the McGaw caliper (root mean square differences). We conclude that McGaw and Ross plastic calipers would be an adequate substitute where cost prohibits the use of Lange calipers.
Genistein, a selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits interleukin-2 and leukotriene B4 production from human mononuclear cells,

In this study, genistein, a selective protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, inhibited peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and interleukin-2 production from cultures that were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187, or PHA plus PMA, and genistein effectively blocked the PHA plus IL-2-induced PBMC proliferation. Further, we also found that genistein inhibited LTB4 production from A23187-stimulated cultures whereas H-7, a PKC inhibitor, had no effect on LTB4 production. Our results suggest that PTK may be necessary for the synthesis of LTB4.
The Effect of Nesting Structure Specification on Welfare Estimation in a Random Utility Model of Recreation Demand: An Application to the Demand for Recreational Fishing

Nested logit has become common in estimating random utility models of recreation demand. Because welfare analysis is often the objective of estimating these models, it seems natural to ask, what effect does the choice of nesting structure have on the welfare estimates generated by these models? Therefore, we compare the results of nine nesting structures andfindthat the variation in welfare estimates across the models is not large. Our results are contrary to those of Kling and Thomson and Shaw and Ozog. The difference appears to originate with differences in the estimated dissimilarity coefficients in the nested models.
Bosses of the City Unite! Labor Politics and Political Machine Consolidation, 1870–1910

In the late nineteenth century – an age when the phrase “all politics is local” contained even greater truth than it does today – the distinctive institution of urban public life was the political machine. In assessing the machine's importance, some scholars have emphasized the machine's role in integrating newly arrived immigrants into the American political system, its provision of basic material goods to the impoverished, its promotion of upward mobility of immigrants, and its coordination of a socially and politically fragmented city. Other scholars have focused on the long-range effect of the political machine on American politics and policy, arguing that the cross-class coalitions built by machine politicians muted the development of a politicized working class in the United States. Some extend this causal chain, arguing that the lack of a stronger class-based politics produced in turn the relative weakness of the American welfare state compared to other Western democracies.
Overhearing a Language During Childhood

Despite its significance for understanding of language ac- quisition, the role of childhood language experience has been exam- ined only in linguistic deprivation studies focusing on what cannot be learned readily beyond childhood. This study focused instead on long- term effects of what can be learned best during childhood. Our find- ings revealed that adults learning a language speak with a more na- tivelike accent if they overheard the language regularly during childhood than if they did not. These findings have important implica- tions for understanding of language-learning mechanisms and heri- tage-language acquisition.
Minimum financial outlays for purchasing alcohol brands in the U.S.

Background Low alcohol prices are a potent risk factor for excessive drinking, underage drinking, and adverse alcohol-attributable outcomes. Presently, there is little reported information on alcohol prices in the U.S., in particular as it relates to the costs of potentially beneficial amounts of alcohol. Purpose To determine the minimum financial outlay necessary to purchase individual brands of alcohol using online alcohol price data from January through March 2012. Methods The smallest container size and the minimum price at which that size beverage could be purchased in the U.S. in 2012 were determined for 898 brands of alcohol, across 17 different alcoholic beverage types. The analyses were conducted in March 2012. Results The majority of alcoholic beverage categories contain brands that can be purchased in the U.S. for very low minimum financial outlays. Conclusions In the U.S., a wide variety of alcohol brands, across many types of alcohol, are available at very low prices. Given that both alcohol use and abuse are responsive to price, particularly among adolescents, the prevalence of low alcohol prices is concerning. Surveillance of alcohol prices and minimum pricing policies should be considered in the U.S. as part of a public health strategy to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and related harms.
Parmenides on What There Is

There is an interpretation of Parmenides' poem which has not yet had, but deserves, a hearing. It reconciles two of the most prominent views of the meaning of the verb 'to be' ('eivai') as it occurs in the poem. It agrees with the spirit of those who interpret 'Eivai' as 'existence.' It agrees with the letter of those who interpret 'eivai' as the copula. The basic idea is to treat relevant syntactically incomplete occurrences of the verb 'to be' as meaning 'to be something or other.'1 In section I, I will explain and clarify the interpretation. In section II, I will dialectically support the interpretation by comparing it with other major interpretations. Weaknesses will also appear.
Design flow enhancements for DNA arrays

DNA probe arrays have recently emerged as one of the core genomic technologies. Exploiting analogies between manufacturing processes for DNA arrays and for VLSI chips, we demonstrate the potential for transfer of methodologies from the 40-year old field of electronic design automation to the newer DNA array design field. Our main contributions are the following. (1) We give a new design flow for DNA arrays which enhances current methodologies by adding flow-awareness to each optimization step and introducing feedback loops. (2) We propose solution methods for new formulations integrating multiple design steps, including probe selection, placement, and embedding. (3) We give results of a comprehensive experimental study showing that significant improvements in solution quality can be achieved by using the enhanced methodologies.
Chapter 50 Geology and tectonic development of the Amerasia and Canada Basins, Arctic Ocean

Abstract Amerasia Basin is the product of two phases of counterclockwise rotational opening about a pole in the lower Mackenzie Valley of NW Canada. Phase 1 opening brought ocean–continent transition crust (serpentinized peridotite?) to near the seafloor of the proto-Amerasia Basin, created detachment on the Eskimo Lakes Fault Zone of the Canadian Arctic margin and thinned the continental crust between the fault zone and the proto-Amerasia Basin to the west, beginning about 195 Ma and ending prior to perhaps about 160 Ma. The symmetry of the proto-Amerasia Basin was disrupted by clockwise rotation of the Chukchi Microcontinent into the basin from an original position along the Eurasia margin about a pole near 72°N, 165 W about 145.5–140 Ma. Phase 2 opening enlarged the proto-Amerasia Basin by intrusion of mid-ocean ridge basalt along its axis between about 131 and 127.5 Ma. Following intrusion of the Phase 2 crust an oceanic volcanic plateau, the Alpha–Mendeleev Ridge LIP (large igneous province), was extruded over the northern Amerasia Basin from about 127 to 89–75 Ma. Emplacement of the LIP halved the area of the Amerasia Basin, and the area lying south of the LIP became the Canada Basin.
2005 drought event in the Amazon River basin as measured by GRACE and estimated by climate models

[1] Satellite gravity measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) provide new quantitative measures of the 2005 extreme drought event in the Amazon river basin, regarded as the worst in over a century. GRACE measures a significant decrease in terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the central Amazon basin in the summer of 2005, relative to the average of the 5 other summer periods in the GRACE era. In contrast, data-assimilating climate and land surface models significantly underestimate the drought intensity. GRACE measurements are consistent with accumulated precipitation data from satellite remote sensing and are also supported by in situ water-level data from river gauge stations. This study demonstrates the unique potential of satellite gravity measurements in monitoring large-scale severe drought and flooding events and in evaluating advanced climate and land surface models.
The indigenous worker: hometowner, striver, or activist

Philip Kramer, Ph.D., is Associate Professor, School of Social Work, Western Michigan Uni versity, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Effective use of indigenous paraprofes sional workers should provide new and chal lenging jobs for the poor and the disad vantaged, maximize the participation of community residents and consumers in human service agencies, and provide more and better services for clients and patients. But first, much more must be learned about the characteristics of these workers and the
Combined administration of a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1D antagonist and a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor synergistically increases 5-HT release in guinea pig hypothalamus in vivo

In vivo microdialysis in guinea pig hypothalamus was used to study the effect of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] subtype 1D autoreceptor blockade on the increase in extracellular 5-HT levels produced by a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Administration of the selective 5-HT 1D antagonist GR127935 at 0.3 mg/kg had no effect, but 5 mg/kg significantly increased extracellular levels of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 135% of basal values. Moreover, at these doses GR127935 significantly attenuated the decrease in extracellular 5-HT levels following local perfusion with the selective 5-HT 1D agonist CP-135,807. The SSRI sertraline at 2 mg/kg increased 5-HT levels to 130% of basal levels. The combination of this low dose of sertraline with either dose of GR127935 resulted in a pronounced, long-lasting increase in 5-HT levels to 230% of basal values. These results indicate that the effects of an SSRI on terminal 5-HT are significantly enhanced by coadministration of a 5-HT 1D antagonist and confirm that in addition to somatodendritic 5-HT 1A autoreceptors, terminal 5-HT 1D autoreceptors mitigate the effect of SSRls on terminal 5-HT. As such, antagonists of the 5-HT 1D autoreceptor could be useful as rapidly acting antidepressants and may shorten the onset of antidepressant action when combined with SSRIs.
Using source analysis to promote critical thinking

Abstract Information literacy, as defined by the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education [2000. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries], is the ability to locate, retrieve, evaluate, and use information. Critical thinking is an essential component of information literacy and is reflected in the Standards through the evaluation, application, integration, and use of information. At Arizona State University East, an activity in source analysis is used in an international business class to foster students' critical evaluation and selection of sources and is an example of a library instruction exercise that promotes critical thinking.
A hovercraft testbed for decentralized and cooperative control

This paper describes a testbed facility - the HoTDeC (hovercraft testbed for decentralized control) - developed by the authors at the University of Illinois, consisting of multiple autonomous hovercraft vehicles which are wirelessly networked. This facility provides a flexible and state-of-the-art testbed for experimentation with inter-networked vehicles and sensors for decentralized and cooperative control, in a dynamically nontrivial setting.
Somatic and germline analyses of a long term melanoma survivor with a recurrent brain metastasis

Median overall survival (OS) of patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) is usually 6 months or less. There are rare reports of patients with treated MBM who survived for years. These outlier cases represent valuable opportunities to study the somatic and germline factors that may have influenced patient outcome and led to extended survival. Here we report the clinical scenario of a 67 year old man with a recurrent brain metastasis from melanoma who has survived over 12 years post-resection. We review the literature relating to clinical and molecular variables associated with long term survival post-brain metastasis. We present the somatic characteristics of this individual patient’s tumor as well as an analysis of inherited genetic variants related to immune function. The patient’s resected brain tumor is BRAF V600E mutated, NRAS wild type (WT), and TERT C250T mutated. The patient is a carrier of germline variants in immunomodulatory loci associated with prolonged survival. Our data suggest that genetic variants in immunomodulatory loci may partially contribute to this patient’s unusually favorable outcome and should not be overlooked. With further and future investigation, knowledge of inherited single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may provide clinicians with more individualized prognostic information for melanoma patients, with potential implications for surveillance strategies and therapeutic interventions.
Evolution of Downslope Flow under Strong Opposing Trade Winds and Frequent Trade-Wind Rainshowers over the Island of Hawaii

Abstract The evolution of downslope flow on the windward side of the island of Hawaii during 7–8 August 1990 is investigated. This period is characterized by atypical strong (∼11 m s−1) upstream trade winds and frequent nocturnal rainshowers. In the late afternoon, the onset of downslope flow first occurs on the upper slope, which is frequently dominated by orographic clouds. With mean weak surface winds on the windward slopes because of island blocking, the downslope flow onset occurs after the slope surface becomes negatively buoyant. Along the Hilo coastal areas that are well exposed to decelerating trade-wind flow, the offshore flow onset there occurs much later (∼2 h) than the Hawaiian Rainband Project (HaRP) mean as the drainage front moves slowly from the windward lowlands toward the coast against the atypical strong incoming trade-wind flow. The downslope flow onset along the coast occurs after a band of trade-wind rainshowers has moved over the coast. These rainshowers produce evaporatively coole...
Adaptive Shopping Behavior and Employment Status of Women: An Empirical Investigation

In the past few years the changes in the economic evnironment have had a drastic influence on female consumers" shopping behavior. Female shoppers have developed various adaptive behavior mechanisms that allow them to cope with the impact of changes in economic conditions on their shopping behavior. The purpose of this research is to consider employment status of the female head (or wife) of the household in explaining the relationship between the changes in the economic situation in the past few years and their effect on women‘s shopping behavior.
Antiterrorist Intelligence: Limitations and Applications

Intelligence gathering is a key responsibility of an antiterrorist organization. The United States Senate has insisted, nevertheless, that the activities of the individual law-enforcement officer and intelligence agent assigned to field collection be tightly controlled. In 1978, William H. Webster, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, said that his agency then had 42 informers on domestic intelligence and terrorism matters, whereas it once used approximately thirteen hundred in a single protracted investigation of the Socialist Workers Party. Moreover, the F.B.I. has transferred its responsibility of identifying links between domestic terrorist movements and foreign governments from its intelligence division to its general investigations branch, where this is handled in the same way as all other criminal cases.1
Retroviruses as chromosomal genes in the mouse.

Publisher Summary The mouse retroviruses are RNA-containing viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate. This chapter describes the four major classes of endogenous mouse retroviruses—namely, the type C mouse leukemia viruses (MuLVs), the type B mouse mammary tumor viruses (MMTVs), the intracisternal A particles (IAPs), and the virus-like endogenous sequences (VL30s). It also describes the arrangement and stability of these sequences in the mouse germline, the experimental evidence linking specific germline integrations with various polymorphic chromosomal loci, and the association of specific somatically acquired proviruses with tumor induction and progression. The mouse retroviruses are essentially classified into four groups based on differences in virion morphology— MuLVs, MMTVs, IAPs, and VL30s. The virions have type A, B, or C structure as revealed by electron microscopy. MuLVs and MMTVs are replication-competent viruses with type C and type B structures, respectively. IAPs resemble immature type B virions, but are noninfectious and are found only intracellularly. VL30s are endogenous retrovirus-like sequences that are not known to produce any virion structural components, but can be efficiently packaged and transmitted as pseudotypes of type C viruses.
Mechanical Solution for Dealing With Phase Change Material Flow When Mounting Electrical Components

A heat sink/electronic component system using a phase change interstitial material (thermal interface material) can be optimized by using an adaptive clamping system that adjusts to the flow of the phase change material as it sets with a rise in temperature. The particular thermal clamping system being evaluated in this white paper is that of a servo motor inverter. This thermal system consists of a standard heat sink-fan forced air cooling system. This concept could be applied to any system requiring a phase change thermal interface material.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Kennedy Justice Department's Enforcement of Civil Rights: A View from the Trenches

The Kennedy Justice Department faced challenges with no modern precedent: the Southern defiance of the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education, the rise of non-violent protests on a massive scale, and the Administration's desire to break a racial caste system that it did not fully understand. Reconstruction provided a precedent for federal action, but the President was, to some extent, a captive of the myth that federal intervention had been a colossal failure, leading only to misrule and racial division. Much has been written about President Kennedy's mixed record on civil rights - his philosophical commitment to equality, his ambiguous votes on civil rights bills as a Senator, his letter regarding Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s prison term in Georgia, his decision not to make civil rights a priority at the beginning of his presidency, his appointment of racist federal judges in the South, his proposal of comprehensive civil rights legislation after two and a half years as President, and so on. In the 1960's and 1970's, several books and articles focused critically on the work of the Kennedy Department of Justice relating to civil rights. According to those critiques, the Department's voting rights enforcement was ineffectual, it refused to protect civil rights workers from official and private violence, and it was only reactive with respect to school desegregation. Reevaluation of one aspect of the work of the Division during that period yields a more nuanced and largely positive picture and suggests that scholars should take a second look.
Flow-Induced Relaxation of the Rabbit Facial Vein: Role of Endothelium and Subendothelial Tissues

The aim of this study was to determine if the rabbit facial vein exhibits flow-induced relaxation when the vascular wall tone is raised, whether this relaxation is exclusively dependent on the endothelium, and whether the endothelial component of relaxation is due to the release of EDRF. When the vascular wall tone was raised by varying concentrations of histamine, the flow-induced relaxation that occurred was a constant proportion of the level of active tone. This relaxation was attenuated but not eliminated by L-NNA and methylene blue in concentrations which specifically abolished the endothelium-dependent relaxation of acetylcholine but had no effect on that due to papaverine. Coadministration of L-arginine prevented the effect of LNNA. However, after physical removal of the endothelium, established by loss of relaxation to acetylcholine and comprehensive scanning electron microscopy, flow-induced relaxation was diminished but not abolished. At 2Oµ1/min it was 68 ± 15% of that in endothelium-intact vessels. It is concluded that flow-induced relaxation of the rabbit facial vein, occurs when wall tone is raised by histamine and that it originates from both the endothelial and subendothelial sites. The endothelial component appears to depend upon the release of EDRF.
Increased detection and contrast enhancement of small malignant lung nodules in mice by a tumor-targeting nanoimmunocomplexed contrast agent

14131 Background: Lung cancer screening with CT results in the detection of many small lung nodules, few of which are cancerous. As a result many patients are followed to assess nodule growth. Cont...
Oromo Diaspora Institutions in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area: A Glimpse into a Transnational Sociocultural Field

The Oromo are Ethiopias largest ethnic group and they have been migrating to America for more than three decades due to ethnic-based discrimination. Today, large numbers of Oromos reside in many major American cities including the nations capital. In their constitution of ethnic spaces in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, the Oromos have been successful in establishing Oromo-specific institutions namely: churches, community centers, financial associations, and a number of political organizations. Advances in communication and transportation technologies and the de-centering of Ethiopian nationalism, starting in the 1960s, have qualitatively changed they ways in which Oromo immigrants experience their identity, build communities, and understand their civic duty. This paper seeks to illustrate and contextualize the transnational nature of Oromo institutions in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Oromo diaspora institutions are transnational in their orientation, goals, and reach. These institutions advocate for Oromos living in Ethiopia by producing globally circulating discourse on Oromo issues while they simultaneously integrate Oromo immigrants into American society by providing them with a home away from the homeland. The transnational nature of Oromo diaspora institutions highlight the novel ways in which immigrants today help to create spaces of representation in both the home and host countries.
A Green Pigment-Producing Compound in Urine of Pyridoxine-Deficient Dogs:

Conclusions1. Pyridoxine-deficient dogs excrete small amounts of a compound which can be converted to a green pigment by ferric ammonium sulphate. 2. Pyridoxine-deficient rats do not develop as profound anemia as the deficient dogs.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Stationary Cardiac SPECT Using Two Segmented Slant-Hole Collimators

1802 Objectives This work is to simulate a stationary cardiac SPECT system using the segmented-slant-hole collimators and to test the feasibility. A stationary system has a benefit of acquiring temporally consistent projections. The most challenging issues in building a stationary system are to provide sufficient projection view-angles and to handle data truncation. Methods A GATE Monte Carlo model was developed to simulate a 2-detector, multi-segment collimator system with 14 view-angles over 180 degree in the transaxial direction. The two detectors were configured 90 degree apart in an L-shape. Each detector contained seven segmented parallel-hole collimator that focused on the center of the heart. Consequently, 14 truncated projection data were acquired via these sub-detection regions. The NCAT phantom was used for data generation, and the maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithm was used for image reconstruction. Results Simulation results indicated that our segmented-parallel-beam stationary cardiac SPECT system is able to acquire sufficient data for cardiac imaging and has a high sensitivity gain. Results also indicated that a more stable reconstruction can be obtained by using a relatively smaller detector bin-size. In order to reduce the collimator dead-zone of the slant-hole collimator, we chose to use very short hole-lengths. Geometric point response correction, thus, plays an important role in image reconstruction. Without it the reconstructed images are too blurry to be useful. Conclusions The GATE Monte Carlo simulations confirm the feasibility of the proposed stationary cardiac SPECT system that is based on a conventional two-detector SPECT system. Some stationary state-of-the-art dedicated cardiac SPECT systems relies on the multipinhole technology and CZT detectors, which produce a reduced image size on the detector. Reduced image size may have drawbacks. Our proposed collimator consists of combined parallel holes and slant holes, and the images on the detector are not reduced in size. Research Support NIH Grant 1R01HL108350
On the Development by Comparison and the Improvement by Development——An Interpretation on the Three 'Decision' Approved by the State Council for Vigorous Development of Professional Education

The State Council proposes vigorous development of professional education,showing the strong will and strategic deployment of the state.It is of important significance for sustainable and fast growth of professional education to correctly understand its national policies.
Molecular genetics of myeloid leukemia : identification of the commonly deleted segment of chromosome 20

A deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 [del(20q)] is a recurring abnormality in malignant myeloid disorders. The occurrence of the del(20q) in a broad spectrum of myeloid disorders suggests that the loss of genetic material on 20q could provide a proliferative advantage to myeloid cells, possibly through the loss of a tumor-suppressor gene. We have examined a series of patients with the del(20q) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with unique sequence probes that map along the length of 20q, and have delineated a segment that is deleted in 95% of all patients examined (18 of 19). In addition, we have shown that the deletions are interstitial rather than terminal. This region of deletion extends from 20q11.2 to q12, and is flanked by the RPN2 (proximal) and D20S17 loci (distal). The SRC and ADA genes are located within the commonly deleted segment. Our findings emphasize the importance of FISH and other molecular mapping techniques in defining such a region. The delineation of a commonly deleted segment in 20q11.2-q12 will facilitate the identification of candidate tumor-suppressor genes on 20q.
Carcharopsis wortheni from the Fayetteville Formation (Mississippian) of Arkansas

The jaws, teeth and buccopharyngeal denticles, as well as an isolated tooth, of Car- charopsis wortheni Newberry and Worthen were recovered from the Fayetteville Formation of Arkansas. The synonymy of the genus is reviewed. The jaws reveal an ethmoid and postorbital articulation of the palatoquadrate (amphistylic suspension) and an elevated articular region of the lower jaw. The serrate-edged teeth show considerable variability in proportions and in lateral inclination, but are generally proportionately narrower at their widest than the British Carboniferous tooth species. Mucous membrane denticles are of three morphotypes and show growth by accretion. It is suggested that there may only be two British Carboniferous species, in view of the variability present in single dentitions. The length of C. wortheni is estimated at about 3 meters.