cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical routing and sensing with nanowire assemblies

The manipulation of photons in structures smaller than the wavelength of light is central to the development of nanoscale integrated photonic systems for computing, communications, and sensing. We assemble small groups of freestanding, chemically synthesized nanoribbons and nanowires into model structures that illustrate how light is exchanged between subwavelength cavities made of three different semiconductors. The coupling strength of the optical linkages formed when nanowires are brought into contact depends both on their volume of interaction and angle of intersection. With simple coupling schemes, lasing nanowires can launch coherent pulses of light through ribbon waveguides that are up to a millimeter in length. Also, interwire coupling losses are low enough to allow light to propagate across several right-angle bends in a grid of crossed ribbons. The fraction of the guided wave traveling outside the wire/ribbon cavities is used to link nanowires through space and to separate colors within multiribbon networks. In addition, we find that nanoribbons function efficiently as waveguides in liquid media and provide a unique means for probing molecules in solution or in proximity to the waveguide surface. Our results lay the spadework for photonic devices based on assemblies of active and passive nanowire elements and presage the use of nanowire waveguides in microfluidics and biology.
Evaluation of Design-Based Sampling Options for Monitoring Stream and Wetland Extent and Distribution in California

Accurate estimates of the extent and distribution of wetlands and streams are the foundation of wetland monitoring, management, restoration, and regulatory programs. Traditionally, theses estimates have relied on comprehensive mapping. However, this approach is prohibitively resource intensive over large areas, making it both impractical and statistically unreliable. Probabilistic (design-based) approaches to evaluating status and trends provide a more cost-effective alternative; however, limited information exists about the ability of various design options to meet diverse, state-level information needs such as accounting for both streams and wetlands in a single program. This study utilized simulated sampling to assess the performance of sample design options for monitoring the extent of wetlands and streams in California. Simulation results showed significantly and reliably increased precision and reduced bias with the spatially balanced, generalized random tessellation stratified (GRTS) sampling method compared to simple random sampling. In contrast, results for stratification were mixed and highly dependent on aquatic resource type and geographic region; consequently, there was no clear, broad advantage observed for stratification. This study also demonstrated the utility of a model-based approach for evaluating design options for application in other state, tribal, and regional programs.
MR Imaging and CT of Vascular Anomalies and Connections in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: Significance in Surgical Planning

To plan effective management of congenital heart disease, one needs the clearest understanding of the anatomy. Although echocardiography and angiography are the dominant imaging modalities in patients with congenital heart disease, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) are valuable noninvasive adjuncts. MR imaging and CT are effective in demonstrating the complex cardiovascular morphology present in congenital heart disease, especially the extracardiac morphology. In patients with tetralogy of Fallot with complex pulmonary artery anatomy, MR imaging and CT are useful in demonstrating the pulmonary artery anatomy, along with the significant aortopulmonary collateral vessels. In the heterotaxy syndromes, patients often have unusual atriovenous connections. MR imaging allows accurate identification of the hepatic, systemic, and pulmonary veins and their relationships to both atria. CT and MR are the imaging modalities of choice in a patient who is thought to have a vascular ring. Treatment of aortic coarctation is usually performed on the basis of typical clinical and echocardiographic findings. In patients with atypical clinical or echocardiographic findings, MR imaging and CT yield helpful information that can change the treatment plan. The enhanced preoperative understanding of congenital heart disease provided by MR imaging and CT simplifies surgical decision making and consequently may improve outcome.
REDUCTION IN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OF OZONATED SUGAR SOLUTIONS BY CHARCOAL

Sugar solutions at a concentration of 0.10% were subjected to low-level ozonation, in order to oxidize the solute directly or indirectly to the corresponding aldonic acid. Charcoal adsorption of the monosaccharides was more efficient after ozonation. Adsorption of the disaccharides was, by far, less efficient after ozonation. The chemical oxygen demand of a standard gluconic acid solution was reduced to 10% of its original concentration by charcoal alone.
Salvage autologous fascial sling after failed synthetic midurethral sling: Greater than 3-year outcomes

Objective To determine long-term surgical outcomes of salvage autologous fascial sling placement after a failed synthetic midurethral sling. Methods Women who had undergone autologous fascial sling placement without concomitant pelvic surgery for a failed synthetic midurethral sling utilizing mesh with a minimum follow up of 36 months were identified. Charts were reviewed, and patients were contacted by telephone. Success was determined by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Secondary measures included the Incontinence Severity Index questionnaire, patient recommendation of the autologous fascial sling and need for further incontinence surgery. Results A total of 35 patients met the criteria, and 21 were successfully contacted. Of those contacted, the median age at surgery was 67 years (range 53–81 years) and at the time of the survey was 75 years (range 63–84 years) with median follow up of 74 months (range 36–127 years). Preoperatively, 12 patients (57.1%) had urethral hypermobility and 13 patients (61.9%) had mixed urinary incontinence. Eight patients (38.1%) had concomitant sling excision with five of those combined with urethrolysis at the time of the salvage operation. Patient Global Impression of Improvement success was noted in 16 patients (76.2%). A total of 11 patients (52.4%) were dry or had slight incontinence by the Incontinence Severity Index. One patient required additional anti-incontinence surgery (4.8%). A total of 18 patients (85.7%) recommended the autologous fascial sling. No statistical impact was noted with sling excision (P = 0.62), mixed urinary incontinence (P = 0.61), age at surgery (P = 0.23), age at follow up (P = 0.15), length of follow up (P = 0.71) or first surgery type (transobturator tape vs retropubic; P = 1.00). Conclusions Autologous fascial sling provides reasonable long-term success as a salvage operation for failed midurethral slings.
An Investigation of Nonlinearity of Reliability-Based Design Optimization Approaches

Deterministic optimum designs that are obtained without consideration of uncertainty could lead to unreliable designs, which call for a reliability approach to design optimization, using a Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) method. A typical RBDO process iteratively carries out a design optimization in an original random space (X-space) and reliability analysis in an independent and standard normal random space (U-space). This process requires numerous nonlinear mapping between X- and U-spaces for a various probability distributions. Therefore, the nonlinearity of RBDO problem will depend on the type of distribution of random parameters, since a transformation between X- and U-spaces introduces additional nonlinearity to reliability-based performance measures evaluated during the RBDO process. Evaluation of probabilistic constraints in RBDO can be carried out in two different ways: the Reliability Index Approach (RIA) and the Performance Measure Approach (PMA). Different reliability analysis approaches employed in RIA and PMA result in different behaviors of nonlinearity of RIA and PMA in the RBDO process. In this paper, it is shown that RIA becomes much more difficult to solve for non-normally distributed random parameters because of highly nonlinear transformations involved. However, PMA is rather independent of probability distributions because of little involvement of the nonlinear transformation.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Lean NOx catalysis over Sn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

Abstract Sn/γ-Al2O3were effective and highly stable catalysts for NO reduction with propene under high partial pressures of oxygen and water. The activity depended on the Sn loading. For a 10 wt% Sn/Al2O3at 475–500°C, 58% conversion of 1000 ppm NO to N2was obtained in the presence of 10% water and 15% O2, at a space velocity of 30,000 h−1, and 77% conversion at 15,000 h−1. The NO conversion increased with O2partial pressure but was suppressed by water below 500°C. The activity was also suppressed by SO2but could be restored slowly after the removal of SO2.
Factorbook Motif Pipeline: A de novo motif discovery and filtering web server for ChIP-seq peaks

Summary: High-throughput sequencing technologies such as ChIP-seq have deepened our understanding in many biological processes. De novo motif search is one of the key downstream computational analysis following the ChIP-seq experiments and several algorithms have been proposed for this purpose. However, most web-based systems do not perform independent filtering or enrichment analyses to ensure the quality of the discovered motifs. Here, we developed a web server Factorbook Motif Pipeline based on an algorithm used in analyzing ENCODE consortium ChIP-seq datasets. It performs comprehensive analysis on the set of peaks detected from a ChIP-seq experiments: (i) de novo motif discovery; (ii) independent composition and bias analyses and (iii) matching to the annotated motifs. The statistical tests employed in our pipeline provide a reliable measure of confidence as to how significant are the motifs reported in the discovery step. Availability: Factorbook Motif Pipeline source code is accessible through the following URL. https://github.com/joshuabhk/factorbook-motif-pipeline
Not Just Holding Forth: The Effect of Listening on LeadershipEffectiveness

The present study explored various ways in which listening relates to organization members’ success in influencing others. Based on the notion that listening is positively related to influence through informational and relational mechanisms, we found that: (1) how well organizational members listen is positively associated with their tendencies to influence others,over and above how well they engage in expressive communications, (2) listening also interacts with expressive communication to predict influence, such that the positive relationship between listening and influence is more pronounced among people with stronger expressive communication tendencies, (3) organizational members’ dispositional narcissism moderated the positive relationship between listening and influence, with this positive relationship being stronger among those higher in narcissism, and (4) listening mediated the relationship between organizational members’ personalities (from the “Big Five”) and their influence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as are limitations of the study and suggestions for future research.
Integrin α6β4 Promotes Autocrine Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling to Stimulate Migration and Invasion toward Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)

Integrin α6β4 is up-regulated in pancreatic adenocarcinomas where it contributes to carcinoma cell invasion by altering the transcriptome. In this study, we found that integrin α6β4 up-regulates several genes in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG), and ectodomain cleavage protease MMP1, which is mediated by promoter demethylation and NFAT5. The correlation of these genes with integrin α6β4 was confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas Pancreatic Cancer Database. Based on previous observations that integrin α6β4 cooperates with c-Met in pancreatic cancers, we examined the impact of EGFR signaling on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-stimulated migration and invasion. We found that AREG and EREG were required for autocrine EGFR signaling, as knocking down either ligand inhibited HGF-mediated migration and invasion. We further determined that HGF induced secretion of AREG, which is dependent on integrin-growth factor signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K, and PKC. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase activity and integrin α6β4 signaling were required for AREG secretion. Blocking EGFR signaling with EGFR-specific antibodies or an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor hindered HGF-stimulated pancreatic carcinoma cell chemotaxis and invasive growth in three-dimensional culture. Finally, we found that EGFR was phosphorylated in response to HGF stimulation that is dependent on EGFR kinase activity; however, c-Met phosphorylation in response to HGF was unaffected by EGFR signaling. Taken together, these data illustrate that integrin α6β4 stimulates invasion by promoting autocrine EGFR signaling through transcriptional up-regulation of key EGFR family members and by facilitating HGF-stimulated EGFR ligand secretion. These signaling events, in turn, promote pancreatic carcinoma migration and invasion.
Reynolds v. United States

This is a very brief description of Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1879) and its legal and historical significance for a forthcoming ENCYLOPEDIA OF MORMON HISTORY.
Benchmark of Natural Convection/Radiation Simulations Within an Enclosed Array of Horizontal Heated Rods

Experiments performed by Lovett (1991) measured the temperature of an 8 × 8 array of horizontal heated rods in air within a constant temperature enclosure. That apparatus was a scaled-down model of...
Understanding the phase relations and cation disorder in LRE 1+x Ba 2-x Cu 3 O 7+d

Unlike Y123 which forms only a stochiometric compound, the light rare earth elements (LRE) form a solid solution LRE1+xBa2-xCu3O7+δ (LRE123ss), with increasing substitution of the LRE3+ for the Ba2+ with increasing ionic radii of the LRE. Charge balance is maintained by increasing oxygen occupation on the anti-chain sites. The range of solubility is partially controlled by the oxygen partial pressure (PO2). The peritetic decomposition temperature also increases with increasing ionic radii. At doping levels of 0 > × > 0.1, there is an increase in Tc when the high temperature annealing (T ∼ 940‡C) is performed in low PO2 (> 0.1 bar). The maximum Tc occurs at a doping level of ∼x < 0.05 for Nd and Gd. When annealing is performed in 1 bar PO2, there is a gradual decrease in Tc with increasing x. These phenomenon can be understood in terms of the number and distribution of the LRE which substitute on the Ba site.
Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Arising in a Patient With Prior T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma: A Dyadic Case Series

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of T-cell lymphomas that portend a variable prognosis. Nonhepatosplenic/noncutaneous (NHNC) γδ-PTCLs are rare. Described here is an unusual case of transformation from T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) to NHNC γδ-PTCL, not previously reported, as well as a case of PTCL arising in a patient with T-ALL. Patient 1, age 31, was diagnosed with T-ALL and treated with …
Antibiotic resistance of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from healthy people in Guangzhou

Objective To analyze the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from employees of food industry in Guangzhou city. Methods Two hundred rectal swabs were collected from staff of food-processing companies in the clinic to screen the ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae firstly using ESBL agar,then the colonies on the ESBL agar were identified and analyzed by VITEK2 bacterial identification and drug sensitivity analysis system. Presumptive ESBL producers were confirmed on Mueller-Hinton agar plates by double-disc synergy test according to CLSI protocols. Results A total of 139 ESBL-positive isolates were identified by ESBL phenotypic confirmation test,including Escherichia coli( 117 strains,58. 5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae( 19 strains,9. 5%),Citrobacter freundii( 1strain,0. 5%),Enterobacter aerogenes( 1 strain,0. 5%) and Klebsiella oxytoca( 1 strain,0. 5%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that all the 139 ESBLs-producing isolates were susceptible to imipenem,meropenem,ertapenem and tigecycline,but resistant to piperacillin,cefotaxime and cefatriaxone. Conclusion A remarkably high carrying rate( 69. 5%) of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in employees of food industry in Guangzhou.
Performance Analysis for Operational Optimal Control for Complex Industrial Processes-the Square Impact Principle

The operation control for complex industrial processes consists of two layer-loop control layer and operational control layer. The former aims at achieving the required loop control for each production unit along production line whilst the later optimizes the set-points to the control loops so that certain performance indexes(such as product quality and energy cost) is optimized when the closed loop controlled variables follow their set-points well. It presents a novel method that can be used to analyze the performance deterioration of the optimized operational control,where the impact of tracking errors of loop control to the optimized performance is quantitatively formulated when the tracking errors are small. It has been shown that loop tracking errors would generally deteriorate the optimized performance in a quadratic way leading to the establishment of the square impact principle(SIP). Moreover,it has been shown that the production infrastructure will also affect the deterioration of the optimized performance. Formulation on the analysis on the flat robustness(FR) and randomness of the optimized performance indexes will also be made and several issues on the future studies are listed.
Transgression, embodiment, and gendered madness: reading Homeland and Enlightened through critical disability theory

AbstractThis article critically analyzes the gendering of madness on Enlightened and Homeland through the lens of feminist disability studies as it functions in relation to feminist theoretical debates about whether mental illness is a social construction designed to control unruly subjects or an embodied response to social and personal trauma. This analysis unpacks the manner in which Homeland and Enlightened represent female protagonists whose madness functions both as a site of resistance against neoliberal logics of self-sufficiency and productivity and as an embodied, experiential reality. However, in both programs, these representative strands are positioned as entirely independent of one another—resistance is limited to the workplace, while embodiment fits within the domain of home and family—and both narratives punish their protagonists for their attempts to bridge these two spheres.
Separation of hexose-transporting from nontransporting LLC-PK1 cells on density gradients

Over a period of 2-3 wk after plating, cultured LLC-PK1 (pig kidney) cells develop a high capacity for Na+-dependent accumulation of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. To further the analysis of this developmental process, we have developed a method for separating transporting from nontransporting cells on the basis of density changes accompanying hexose accumulation and the corresponding uptake of water. Volume regulation was prevented by suspending the cells in a K+-free, Cl(-)-free Na-gluconate medium. Na+-dependent transport was maintained at nearly control levels by addition of low concentrations of (NH4)2SO4, since NH+4 stimulates Na+-K+-ATPase at the K+ site and allows for the extrusion of accumulated Na+; NH+4-stimulated hexose uptake is ouabain sensitive. With volume regulation blocked but with transport near normal, transporting cells exhibited a phlorizin-sensitive density shift in methylglucoside-containing medium and could be separated from nontransporting cells on Percoll gradients.
Relating Transient Seismicity to Episodes of Deep Creep at Parkfield, California

The 2004 M w 6 Parkfield, California, earthquake was preceded by a 4‐year period of anomalously high seismicity adjacent to, but not on, the San Andreas fault. The rate of small events ( M w 8 km, increased from 6 events per year prior to 2000 to 20 events per year between the 2000 and the 2004 earthquake. This increase in seismicity coincided with an increase in the rate of nonvolcanic tremor, which, if tremor is indicative of creep on the fault plane, suggests that creep may have driven the enhanced seismicity. Coulomb stress‐transfer calculations predict the observed spatial pattern of the seismicity, and thus support a causal relation between creep at the base of the fault zone and off‐fault seismicity. In particular, an observed southeast‐striking lineation of enhanced seismicity is shown to be a direct consequence of a deepening boundary between the crust and mantle southeast of Parkfield, as evidenced by a deepening of the tremor and low‐frequency earthquakes. Other evidence for a causal link between deep creep and off‐fault seismicity is the observation that off‐fault seismicity before and after the 2004 earthquake occurred in the same location. This is expected if the foreshocks are driven by an episode of deep creep and the aftershocks are driven by afterslip, both occurring on the same deep extension of the fault plane.
School shootings during 2013–2015 in the USA

Background Data on the factors associated with school shootings in the USA are limited. The public conversation has often suggested several factors that may be linked to these events, however with little empirical support. Aiming to fill this gap, we describe the characteristics of school shooting incidents in the USA between 2013 and 2015 and explore whether four factors that represent domains of firearm policy, educational policy and epidemiological risk factors for intentional firearm injuries-background check (BC) policies, per capita mental health expenditures (MHE), K-12 education expenditure (KEE) and urbanicity—were associated with school shootings during this period. Methods We searched LexisNexis, a newspaper and broadcast media databases for school shooting incidents from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015. Presence of BC laws was extracted from legal information in LexisNexis. State-level covariates of per capita MHE (2013), KEE (2013) and urbanicity (2010) rates were obtained from publicly available data sources. We used negative binomial regression models accounting for clustering by state to explore unadjusted associations between the BC laws, state-level covariates and school shootings to report IRR and 95% CI. Results We documented 154 school shootings (35, 55 and 64 each year). In unadjusted models, BC for firearm purchase (IRR=0.55, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.76), ammunition purchase (IRR=0.11, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.27), log per capita MHE (IRR=0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.90), log per-capita KEE (IRR=0.09, 9% CI 0.02 to 0.29) and urbanicity (IRR=0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) were associated with school shooting. Conclusions School shootings are less likely in states with BC laws, higher MHE and KEE, and with greater per cent urban population.
The Implications of Deming’s Approach

Many current management concepts can be traced back to Deming’s teachings. Quality was his central theme, and most “Total Quality Management” (TQM) programs are based on his beliefs about quality. He emphasized the need to break down barriers between management and labor and to effectively utilize employees to make processes work better. This eventually led to powerful concepts like worker empowerment and cross-functional teams. Highly effective manufacturing systems, such as “Just-in-Time Manufacturing,” would not have been possible if not for the quality-based improvements that resulted in reliable processes as well as the supply of high quality products from vendors. And, Deming’s philosophy about the need to overhaul and improve business processes laid the foundations for the current trend toward “reengineering.” Deming’s theories on quality can be found in Quality, Productivity, and Competitive Position (1982), Out of the Crisis (1982), and The New Economics for Industry, Government, and Education (1993).
Development of a health care systems curriculum.

Background There is currently no gold standard for delivery of systems-based practice in medical education, and it is challenging to incorporate into medical education. Health systems competence requires physicians to understand patient care within the broader health care system and is vital to improving the quality of care clinicians provide. We describe a health systems curriculum that utilizes problem-based learning across 4 years of systems-based practice medical education at a single institution. Methods This case study describes the application of a problem-based learning approach to system-based practice medical education. A series of behavioral statements, called entrustable professional activities, was created to assess student health system competence. Student evaluation of course curriculum design, delivery, and assessment was provided through web-based surveys. Results To meet competency standards for system-based practice, a health systems curriculum was developed and delivered across 4 years of medical school training. Each of the health system lectures and problem-based learning activities are described herein. The majority of first and second year medical students stated they gained working knowledge of health systems by engaging in these sessions. The majority of the 2016 graduating students (88.24%) felt that the course content, overall, prepared them for their career. Conclusion A health systems curriculum in undergraduate medical education using a problem-based learning approach is feasible. The majority of students learning health systems curriculum through this format reported being prepared to improve individual patient care and optimize the health system's value (better care and health for lower cost).
Multiple Dimensions of Caregiving and Disability: Supporting Those Who Care

Family caregivers form the foundation of the American healthcare system. Collectively, the wives and husbands, mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers, grandmothers and grandfathers, as well as friends, neighbors, and many others constitute the single largest block of unpaid human capital providing care today. The giving of care, or caregiving, brings together these individuals in a commitment that some wish to assume while others accept reluctantly. Family caregivers provide normative care, care that is a normal part of the life cycle, as well as exceptional care for those who are frail or elderly, or those who are born with or acquire a disability at some point in their lives. Caregiving is an issue that touches every life. Within the last decade, it has finally been recognized in American politics (Carter 2010; Carter, Written testimony of Former First Lady Rosalynn Carter before the Senate Special Committee on Aging, 2011; The White House, President’s new freedom initiative, 2001; The White House, On anniversary of Olmstead, Obama administration recommits to assist Americans with disabilities, 2011a; The White House, Presidential proclamation—National Family Caregivers Month, 2011b) and by the general public as the important issue it is (Family Caregiver Alliance [FCA], The road to recognition: International review of public policies to support family and informal caregiving: Policy brief, 2003; Feinberg, Always on call: When illness turns families into caregivers, 2004; Feinberg et al., Ahead of the curve: Emerging trends and practices in family caregiver support [research report], 2006). Caregivers are just starting to receive the attention and support they deserve (AARP, Providing care for another adult a second job for many, National Alliance for Caregiving/AARP Study Shows, 2004; AARP, Who’s caring for the caregivers? AARP unveils new report on trends in support for family caregivers: Consumer-directed services for caregivers take hold in states [news release], 2006; The Arc, Still in the shadows with their future uncertain: A report on individual and family needs for disability supports [FINDS], 2011; The White House, Vice President Biden announces Middle Class Task Force [press release], 2009).
Sellars, Second-order Quantification, and Ontological Commitment

Sellars [1960. ‘Grammar and existence: A preface to ontology’, Mind, 69 (276), 499–533; 1979. Naturalism and Ontology, Reseda, CA: Ridgeview Publishing Company] argues that the truth of a second-or...
Recent Progress in the Growth of Mid-ir Emitters by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

We report on recent progress and improvements in the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of mid-infrared lasers and using a high speed rotating disk reactor (RDR). The devices contain AlAsSb active regions. These lasers have multi-stage, type I InAsSb/InAsP quantum well active regions. A semi-metal GaAsSb/InAs layer acts as an internal electron source for the multi-stage injection lasers and AlAsSb is an electron confinement layer. These structures are the first MOCVD multi-stage devices. Growth in an RDR was necessary to avoid the previously observed Al memory effects found in conventional horizontal reactors. A single stage, optically pumped laser yielded improved power (greater than 650 mW/facet) at 80K and 3.8um. A multi-stage 3.8-3.9um laser structure operated up to T=170K. At 80K, peak power greater than 100mW and a high slope- efficiency were observed in gain guided lasers.
The behavioral and anatomical effects of MgCl2 therapy in an electrolytic lesion model of cortical injury in the rat.

Le magnesium intervient dans les processus associes aux atteintes cerebrales et son utilisation sur des modeles d'atteintes cerebrales a fait l'objet d'une considerable attention. Cet article passe en revue l'utilisation du traitement par le Cl 2 Mg pour faciliter la recuperation comportementale et pour reduire la degenerescence subcoritcale lors d'un modele de lesion electrolytique d'atteinte corticale chez le rat. Diverses etudes ont ete effectuees pour comparer l'efficacite du Cl 2 Mg a celle d'autres agents neuroprotecteurs reconnus, pour examiner les effets de l'administration prophylactique de Cl 2 Mg et pour examiner l'efficacite du Cl 2 Mg sur un modele lesionnel qui produit des atteintes comportementales chroniques. Les resultats de ces etudes mettent en evidence l'efficacite du traitement par le Cl 2 Mg pour faciliter la recuperation fonctionnelle et limiter la degenerescence souscorticale, une efficience analogue a celle des autres agents neuroprotecteurs ainsi que la capacite d'induire une recuperation fonctionnelle dans un modele lesionnel chronique. Ces resultats suggerent que le traitement par le Cl 2 Mg est efficace pour faciliter la recuperation fonctionnelle lors d'un modele lesionnel electrolytique d'atteinte corticale.
In Situ Demonstration of a Passive Radio Sounding Approach Using the Sun for Echo Detection

Ice sheet contributions to sea level rise present one of the greatest challenges that our society will face in the next century. However, models predicting sea level rise due to ice melt lack critical information regarding processes at the base of ice sheets. Although radio echo sounders are powerful tools that are currently used to constrain subglacial conditions, existing ice-penetrating radar systems are too resource-intensive in terms of cost, power, and logistics for multiyear deployment at a large scale. To address this, we present passive radio sounding as a low-resource approach for observing ice sheets across a range of spatial and temporal scales. While passive radar has been used for target tracking and military purposes, it has never been used for the sounding of ice sheets. Some recent work has proposed using passive radio sounding of Europa’s icy shell using Jupiter’s decametric radiation. We expand on this idea by evaluating and discussing challenges and opportunities for developing a passive radio sounder using the Sun as an illuminator of opportunity for echo detection. Here, our prototype instrument sits on the side of a cliff and measures the Sun’s direct and reflected path off the ocean surface. We then use an autocorrelation-based method to extract the amplitude and delay of the reflection. This serves as the first in situ demonstration of an autocorrelation-based passive sounder using a compact astronomical white noise signal.
In vivo demonstration of photoacoustic-guided liver surgery

Liver surgeries carry considerable risk of injury to major blood vessels, which can lead to hemorrhaging and possibly patient death. Photoacoustic imaging is one solution to enable intraoperative visualization of blood vessels, which has the potential to reduce the risk of accidental injury to these blood vessels during surgery. This paper presents our initial results of a feasibility study, performed during laparotomy procedures on two pigs, to determine in vivo vessel visibility for photoacoustic-guided liver surgery. Delay-and-sum beamforming and coherence-based beamforming were used to display photoacoustic images and differentiate the signal inside blood vessels from surrounding liver tissue. Color Doppler was used to confirm vessel locations. Results lend insight into the feasibility of photoacoustic-guided liver surgery when the ultrasound probe is fixed and the light source is used to interrogate the surgical workspace.
Evaluation and workup in revision spine surgery

Abstract The incidence of spine surgeries performed annually continues to rise and despite advances in instrumentation and surgical techniques, reoperation rates are still high. Common reasons for revision surgery include an incorrect preoperative diagnosis, technical error, complications of procedure or implants, or a poor surgical candidate for the index procedure. Identifying the source of symptoms can present a diagnostic challenge and requires a careful and strategic approach. Given that outcomes lessen with each subsequent spine surgery, spine surgeons must be cautious and meticulous when considering a revision spine surgery. This article will review a general diagnostic approach when evaluating a patient with persistent symptoms, along with a review of the more common indications for revision spine surgery.
HOW APPROPRIATE ARE WE DOSING DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE- A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Patients with impaired hepatic function have both, increased risk of bleeding as well as thrombosis. All Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) trials to date have excluded this cohort. Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) treated with DOACs from 2010 to 2017 at Mayo Clinic were identified. Patients
Fame-bridging, stereotypes, and the celebrity labour of Anna Nicole Smith

When actor and model Anna Nicole Smith died in 2007 she was known to the public through two central stereotypes: gold digger and white trash. Likewise, the news and entertainment media remembered S...
Multi-Organ Failure in a Patient With Diabetes due to COVID-19 With Clear Lungs

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged in late 2019 infecting millions of people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with severe illness and mortality mainly due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. We report a case of a middle-aged man with DM and COVID-19 who developed seizure and altered mental status, found to have diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), acute kidney injury, hypovolemic shock, and hyperammonemia all contributing to metabolic encephalopathy. He was admitted to the ICU and subsequently intubated for airway protection; with appropriate management his condition improved and was successfully extubated. The patient had no lung involvement throughout the illness. We report this case to highlight that COVID-19 can lead to multi-organ failure in patients with DM even in the absence of lung involvement which all physicians should be mindful of.
An Expedited Transition to the Back Wall Suturing for Side-to-Side In Situ Microvascular Anastomosis: A Technique Update

Background The side-to-side in situ microvascular anastomosis is an important tool in the cerebrovascular neurosurgeon's armamentarium. The execution of the side-to-side anastomosis, however, can be limited by the inability to acquire sufficient visualization and approximation of the recipient and donor vessels. Objective To expedite the transition to the back wall suturing of the donor and recipient vessels during side-to-side in situ microvascular anastomosis. Methods Incorporation of the first suture throw from the outside to the inside of the vessel lumen with the initial stay suture at the proximal apex of the arteriotomy is described. The apical knot is tied between one limb of the resultant loop and the free end of the suture. The remainder of side-to-side anastomosis can then be completed in a standard fashion starting from the inside of the lumen. Results This modification allows for an expedited transition to the back wall suturing of the 2 arterial segments and avoids difficulties associated with taking the first bite from behind the knot at the proximal apex of the arteriotomy or the transfer of the needle between the approximated vessels. This updated technique is illustrated with a case example, illustration, and video. Conclusion This technical modification for the side-to-side anastomosis helps optimize microsurgical efficiency by limiting needle, suture, and vessel handling after the initial suture placement, which has classically been a challenge of this bypass.
Tympanic membrane perforation secondary to Aspergillus niger otomycosis

Aspergillus niger is one of more than 340 different species belonging to the filamentous fungal genus Aspergillus. Aspergillosis can present with a wide range of clinical syndromes, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here we described a rare case of the left central tympanic membrane perforation secondary to Aspergillus niger otomycosis. The patient underwent tympanoplasty with good improvement.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmitted infection clinic visits.

Coronavirus disease 2019 is responsible for a global pandemic and has impacted health care accessibility and delivery. Clinic data were reviewed for an STI clinic from September 2019 to May 2020. A significant decrease in rates of STI visits and treatments during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was observed.
Longitudinal assessment of right atrial conduit fraction provides additional insight to predict adverse events in pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract Background Recent studies show adverse right atrial (RA) emptying pattern is prognostic for clinical worsening events in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). No study has reported changes in RA emptying over time or evaluated whether serial measurements offer further prognostic information. Methods Prospective study of 32 children with idiopathic or heritable PAH undergoing echocardiogram at baseline and 1-year. RA conduit fraction percent (RA cF%) was measured as percentage of total diastolic RA area change prior to the electrical p wave. Clinical worsening was analyzed with a predefined composite adverse event outcome. Results Longitudinal subjects (median age 13.3 yr) had RA cF% 61% (IQR 32–68%) at baseline and 60% (IQR 35–73%) at 1-year (NS). 11 subjects had a qualifying event during median 21-month follow-up. Subjects with an event had 1-year RA cF% = 33% (IQR 20–40%) compared to 72% (IQR 63–75%) for those with no event (p 60% (0%), highest for subjects with neither (80%), and intermediate for those with one (38%, p = 0.003). Conclusions Changes in RA cF% inform risk of adverse events in pediatric PAH. This finding supports the role of RA cF% as both a prognostic biomarker and potential treatment target.
Adverse Effects of Depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Muscle relaxants block neuromuscular transmission, acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the neuromuscular junction. Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is a depolarising agent, whereas all other relaxants in clinical use are nondepolarising. The desired neuromuscular block results from the structural similarity of muscle relaxants to acetylcholine, enabling the interaction with receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Adverse effects of suxamethonium are generally related to its agonist mode of action. Autonomic cardiovascular effects may result. Other adverse effects include anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions, and histamine release. Various disease states may present specific considerations in the use of muscle relaxants. Although many complications of muscle relaxants (such as prolonged block or resistance) are easily treated, others may require immediate intervention and vigorous therapy. Careful selection of appropriate relaxants for particular patients will usually prevent the occurrence of complications.
Recurrent Event Survival Analysis

This chapter considers outcome events that may occur more than once over the follow-up time for a given subject. Such events are called “recurrent events.” Modeling this type of data can be carried out using a Cox PH model with the data layout constructed so that each subject has a line of data corresponding to each recurrent event. A variation of this approach uses a stratified Cox PH model, which stratifies on the order in which recurrent events occur. Regardless of which approach is used, the researcher should consider adjusting the variances of estimated model coefficients for the likely correlation among recurrent events on the same subject. Such adjusted variance estimates are called “robust variance estimates.” A parametric approach for analyzing recurrent event data that includes a frailty component (introduced in Chapter 7) is also described and illustrated.
Formation of Ribosomes from Precursor Ribonucleoprotein Particles

Sypherd, Paul S. (University of California, San Diego). Formation of ribosomes from precursor ribonucleoprotein particles. J. Bacteriol. 90:411–417. 1965.—Amino acid deprivation of a “relaxed” mutant leads to the accumulation of ribonucleoprotein particles. The possibility that these particles are equivalent to normal ribosome precursors was investigated. This was accomplished by determining the fate of such particles after the termination of starvation, and subsequent growth. It was found that both the nucleic acid and the protein moieties of the “relaxed” particles were converted to mature ribosomes during the recovery phase. From kinetic measurements with “relaxed” particles and normal ribosome precursors, it was shown that they were metabolically indistinguishable. It was concluded that the ribonucleoprotein “relaxed” particles accumulated by the relaxed mutant are immature ribosomes, and equivalent to ribosome precursors which occur under normal growth conditions.
El Peaje a la congestión en Londres: su aporte a la movilidad sostenible

No resulta facil de definir que tan sostenible es un esquema de transporte. Por el contrario, existen ciertos aspectos sobre los que un esquema, como el peaje a la congestion en Londres, puede o no contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida y al uso racional de recursos. De acuerdo con los criterios economico, social y medio ambiental, el siguiente documento revisa las cualidades de este esquema de transporte a la luz de la movilidad sostenible y concluye con base en otras investigaciones que la contribucion social del esquema es evidente y positiva, pero que economicamente tiene aun un amplio campo de mejora, mientras que su aporte al medio ambiente se mantiene incierto.
Communication media repertoires: dealing with the multiplicity of media choices

In today's organizations, employees have an ever-increasing variety of communication media to use in the performance of work activities. In this study, we seek to expand our understanding of media usage in organizations where there is a multiplicity of communication media available to employees. We use communication media repertoires as the lens through which we explore how media is used in the support of communication-based work performed by individuals in complex organizational settings. Data were collected in sales divisions at two large corporations in the information technology industry. We compared multiple media use within and between the two sales divisions, and identified similarities and differences in repertoires. Our findings suggest that use of repertoires is influenced by institutional conditions (e.g., incentives, trust, and physical proximity) and situational conditions (e.g., urgency, task, etc.), and by routine use of the media over time. Based on the findings, we propose a framework for investigating the use of multiple media in organizations through examination of communication media repertoires. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Characterization of peri-infarct zone heterogeneity by contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: This study examined whether multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) improves the ability to define peri-infarct zone (PIZ) heterogeneity relative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Ba...
Women's Human Rights in the Framework of Argentine Domestic Law: Treatment Since the Return to Democracy

Argentina’s return to constitutional rule on December 10 1983 also represented its definitive incorporation into the international systems for the protection of human rights. On issues specifically relating to women of special significance is the crucial decision that resulted in the ratification in 1985 by Law No. 23179 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. This treaty pursuant to the 1994 constitutional reform acquired constitutional rank along with other human rights instruments as provided in Article 75 (22) of the Constitution. The treaty thus became part of what Bidart Campos calls “the bloc of federal constitutional law.” Several legislative measures were adopted for the implementation of this convention due in large part to the active participation of women’s groups which represented significant progress. These include laws regarding joint custody equal rights for children born out of wedlock and civil marriage. The so-called “quota law” Law No. 24012 is especially notable. This law guarantees the participation of at least thirty percent women on the lists of candidates for national elective offices. (excerpt)