cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lipoproteins from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and the mange mites Psoroptes cuniculi and Psoroptes ovis

Abstract 1. 1. Lipoproteins (L) from the mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), Psoroptes cuniculi (PC) and Psoroptes ovis (PO) have been identified the basis of their staining properties with the lipophilic stain Sudan Black B. 2. 2. Physicochemical studies using gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the DP-L had an apparent molecular weight of 242,000 daltons and a particle diameter of 10.65 nm. 3. 3. The apparent molecular weight and particle diameter of PC-L were identical with those of PO-L, namely 219,000 daltons and 10.3 nm respectively. 4. 4. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that DP-L had an electrophoretic mobility of 0.9-fold that of human lipoprotein whereas both PC-L and PO-L had mobilities identical to that of human α-lipoprotein. 5. 5. Analytical isoelectric focusing of the mite lipoproteins showed that DP-L, PC-L and PO-L had pI values of 4.95, 4.7 and 4.7 respectively. 6. 6. The immunochemical relationship between the three lipoproteins was studied by double diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic analysis using a sheep anti-DP antiserum. These studies showed that whereas PC-L and PO-L were antigenically identical, PC-L and DP-L, and PO-L and DP-L were only partially so. 7. 7. One of three sera from rabbits infested with Psoroptes cuniculi demonstrated antibodies to the three mite lipoproteins. 8. 8. The DP extract contained 800 haemagglutination inhibition units (HAIU) of the hapten phosphorylcholine/mg protein whereas extracts of PC and PO contained 53 HAIU/mg protein.
Inhibition of DNA polymerase activity by methyl methanesulfonate

Abstract Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) inhibits both thymidine incorporation into DNA in mitogen-activated human lymphocytes and deoxythymidine triphosphate incorporation into template DNA by DNA polymerase-α in a cell-free system. When MMS-modified DNA was used as the template for DNA synthesis utilizing unmodified DNA polymerase-α, nucleotide incorporation into template DNA was not inhibited. When unmodified DNA was used as the template for DNA synthesis utilizing MMS-modified DNA polymerase-α, nucleotide incorporation was differentially inhibited dependent on the MMS concentration. An analysis of the kinetics of DNA polymerase-α inhibition showed that incorporation of all 4 deoxynucleoside triphosphates into DNA template was noncompetitively inhibited by MMS, which is consistent with nonspecific MMS modification of the enzyme. These data indicate that MMS modification of DNA polymerase-α alone is sufficient to inhibit the incorporation of deoxynucleoside triphosphates into template DNA in vitro. The data further indicate that alkylation of both DNA polymerase-α and DNA template synergistically increases inhibition of DNA synthesis.
PSD Determination Using a Simultaneous-Phase Acquisition Interferometer for the Constellation-X Spectroscopy X-ray Telescope (SXT) Mirror Program

We investigated the use of a simultaneous-phase acquisition interferometer for determining PSD. We found that the results obtained are strongly influenced by the methodology employed while collecting the data.
EFFECTS OF SPACING AND EMBELLISHMENT ON MEMORY FOR THE MAIN POINTS OF A TEXT

An advantage has been found for acquiring textbook knowledge by studying textbook summaries rather than reading the original prose (Reder & Anderson, 1980). Three studies are presented that help to establish the cause of the summary advantage. One possible cause is that reading summaries allows the subject to reread the main points at spaced intervals, and spaced practice is superior to massed practice. A second possible cause is that the presence of details distracts the subject’s attention away from the critical ideas that should be attended to. In Reder and Anderson (1980), these two factors were confounded, but they are unconfounded in the present studies. The results indicate that both possible causes, spaced practice and the absence of details, have significant, independent, and positive effects on retention of the central ideas of a passage.
Indications of a shallow potential in {sup 48}Ca+{sup 96}Zr fusion reactions

Fusion data for {sup 48}Ca + {sup 96}Zr are analyzed by coupled-channels calculations. Puzzling features of a previous analysis are eliminated by applying a potential that has a shallow pocket in the entrance channel. Thus the observed S factor for fusion, which develops a maximum at low energy, can be reproduced fairly well. The high-energy data can also be accounted for but that requires the use of a weak, short-ranged imaginary potential that absorbs the incoming flux near the location of the minimum of the potential pocket. Predictions of the fusion hindrance in other Ca+Zr systems are made and are compared with the systematics that has been developed previously.
Using Polygons to Recognize and Locate Partially Occluded Objects

We present computer vision algorithms that recognize and locate partially occluded objects. The scene may contain unknown objects that may touch or overlap giving rise to partial occlusion. The algorithms revolve around a generate-test paradigm. The paradigm iteratively generates and tests hypotheses for compatibility with the scene until it identifies all the scene objects. Polygon representations of the object's boundary guide the hypothesis generation scheme. Choosing the polygon representation turns out to have powerful consequences in all phases of hypothesis generation and verification. Special vertices of the polygon called ``corners'' help detect and locate the model in the scene. Polygon moment calculations lead to estimates of the dissimilarity between scene and model corners, and determine the model corner location in the scene. An association graph represents the matches and compatibility constraints. Extraction of the largest set of mutually compatible matches from the association graph forms a model hypothesis. Using a coordinate transform that maps the model onto the scene, the hypothesis gives the proposed model's location and orientation. Hypothesis verification requires checking for region consistency. The union of two polygons and other polygon operations combine to measure the consistency of the hypothesis with the scene. Experimental results give examples of all phases of recognizing and locating the objects.
A co-ordinated and synergistic analysis strategy for future ground-based and space helioseismology

The variety of helioseismology observational programs planned for the mid-1990s represents an unprecedented opportunity to improve understanding of the solar interior. This review discusses the coordination of the GONG, IRIS, Birmingham and other ground-based observational programs with the space experiments on the SOHO mission: GOLF, VIRGO, and MDI. The integration and coordination of the different data streams in terms of the spatial and temporal coverage as well as the implications of the different spectral resolution and stability characteristics of each experiment are discussed. The study of the effect of active regions on various helioseismology signals is presented as an example of how ground-based and space experiments can be coordinated.
Longitudinal analysis of the electroencephalogram and sleep phenotype in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington’s disease

Deficits in sleep and circadian organization have been identified as common early features in patients with Huntington's disease that correlate with symptom severity and may be instrumental in disease progression. Studies in Huntington's disease gene carriers suggest that alterations in the electroencephalogram may reflect underlying neuronal dysfunction that is present in the premanifest stage. We conducted a longitudinal characterization of sleep/wake and electroencephalographic activity in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease to determine whether analogous electroencephalographic 'signatures' could be identified early in disease progression. R6/2 and wild-type mice were implanted for electroencephalographic recordings along with telemetry for the continuous recording of activity and body temperature. Diurnal patterns of activity and core body temperature were progressively disrupted in R6/2 mice, with a large reduction in the amplitude of these rhythms apparent by 13 weeks of age. The diurnal variation in sleep/wake states was gradually attenuated as sleep became more fragmented and total sleep time was reduced relative to wild-type mice. These genotypic differences were augmented at 17 weeks and evident across the entire 24-h period. Quantitative electroencephalogram analysis revealed anomalous increases in high beta and gamma activity (25-60 Hz) in all sleep/wake states in R6/2 mice, along with increases in theta activity during both non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep and a reduction of delta power in non-rapid eye movement sleep. These dramatic alterations in quantitative electroencephalographic measures were apparent from our earliest recording (9 weeks), before any major differences in diurnal physiology or sleep/wake behaviour occurred. In addition, the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation was greatly attenuated with disease progression. These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of quantitative electroencephalographic analysis to identify early pathophysiological alterations in the R6/2 model of Huntington's disease and suggest longitudinal studies in other preclinical Huntington's disease models are needed to determine the generality of these observations as a potential adjunct in therapeutic development.
Primary Mediastinal Neoplasms (Other Than Thymoma)

Primary mediastinal neoplasms encompass a long list of histologically diverse lesions that can arise from a wide variety of mediastinal structures. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have considerably enhanced the evaluation of the mediastinum with use of noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. In adults, most primary mediastinal neoplasms can be classified in one of four categories: thymus-derived neoplasms, neurogenic tumors, lymphomas, or germ cell neoplasms. In children, neurogenic tumors (especially neuroblastomas) and lymphomas are most frequently encountered. Because of the presence of many vital structures in the confined thoracic cavity, even benign mediastinal neoplasms can cause severe symptoms from the mass effect and therefore warrant a carefully planned management strategy. With modern therapeutic and surgical interventions, associated morbidity and mortality can often be substantially decreased.
Killip classification and glucose level in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Objective Killip classification is a valuable prognostic stratification for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients with high initial glucose levels also have adverse outcomes. We hypothesize that an increase in the Killip classification rank of patients with acute myocardial infarction might be associated with increase in initial glucose levels. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, patients receiving percutaneous coronary angiography after an acute myocardial infarction were enrolled. Patients were accorded Killip classifications, and the data were compared using the χ 2 and 1-way analysis of variance tests. Results The study was conducted on 246 eligible subjects. Higher initial glucose levels were associated with higher rate of hospitalization within 1 year as well as mortality ( P P Conclusion Patients ranked in the higher Killip classes had higher glucose levels than those ranked in the lower classes.
Tanner crab Chionocetes bairdi Rathbun haemocyte classification and an evaluation of using differential counts to measure infection with a fungal disease

. The circulating haemocytes of the tanner crab, Chionocetes bairdi, were studied and classified as hyalinocytes, intermediate granulocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes. Differential haemocyte counts of normal crabs and crabs infected with an apparently pathogenic unnamed ascomycete fungus revealed a shift in the hyalinocyte-granulocyte ratio in infected crabs. There was a highly significant increase in the percentage of granulocytes and a corresponding decrease in hyalinocytes in infected crabs. This shift was thought to be caused by a marked increase in the relative number of eosinophilic gianulocytes. There was also a highly significant statistical relationship between the severity of the internal fungus infection, established by histopathological analysis of the major organ systems, and the increased number of circulating eosinophilic granulocytes. The results of the study indicate that differential haemocyte counts may be a valuable tool in monitoring the health of C. bairdi populations.
Development of the Over-Water Mist Net Support System: A Novel Ecological Research Tool

The habitats in areas like the Northern Great Plains of North America present challenges to bat researchers in the field. Due to limited vegetative cover, mist-netting efforts often must be concentrated over ponds, streams or rivers. This can present problems to researchers, such as deep water, soft mud bottoms or uneven terrain, all of which can make traditional mist netting difficult and unproductive. While boats can be useful under these circumstances, this leads to additional safety and logistical challenges. The purpose of this study was to address these problems by developing a novel tool that permits sampling with mist nets over water without the need to directly enter the water. We developed a basic conceptual design for a mechanical gate-like support system that: 1) supports a traditional mist net system, and 2) swings out over a body of water. Initial results indicate that the over-water mist net support system is an effective, versatile research tool that allows researchers to sample for bats u...
An algorithm to design a multiple-channel communications system

The authors present a novel algorithm to design a phase-modulated residual carrier communications system for optimum performance. The algorithm has been developed as an aid in the design of two telemetry data channels operating simultaneously with a turn-around ranging signal. The algorithm provides the selection of an optimum subcarrier frequency and modulation indices for minimizing the mutual interferences among the channels to achieve desired link performance margins. The set of modulation indices provided by this algorithm will also achieve an optimum power division between the carrier, the ranging and the high data rate and low data rate channels. Finally, a software program using this algorithm has been developed for use with personal computers. This program provides the computation of the optimum subcarrier frequencies and modulation indices for a standard case that is recommended by the international Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. >
Cloning of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) rho 1 cDNA: a GABA receptor subunit highly expressed in the retina.

Abstract Type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors are a family of ligand-gated chloride channels that are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the nervous system. Molecular cloning has revealed diversity in the subunits that compose this heterooligomeric receptor, but each previously elucidated subunit displays amino acid similarity in conserved structural elements. We have used these highly conserved regions to identify additional members of this family by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One PCR product was used to isolate a full-length cDNA from a human retina cDNA library. The mature protein predicted from this cDNA sequence in 458 amino acids long and displays between 30 and 38% amino acid similarity to the previously identified GABAA subunits. This gene is expressed primarily in the retina but transcripts are also detected in the brain, lung, and thymus. Injection of Xenopus oocytes with RNA transcribed in vitro produces a GABA-responsive chloride conductance and expression of the cDNA in COS cells yields GABA-displaceable muscimol binding. These features are consistent with our identification of a GABA subunit, GABA rho 1, with prominent retinal expression that increases the diversity and tissue specificity of this ligand-gated ion-channel receptor family.
The Association of Acetaminophen and Asthma Prevalence and Severity

The epidemiologic association between acetaminophen use and asthma prevalence and severity in children and adults is well established. A variety of observations suggest that acetaminophen use has contributed to the recent increase in asthma prevalence in children: (1) the strength of the association; (2) the consistency of the association across age, geography, and culture; (3) the dose-response relationship; (4) the timing of increased acetaminophen use and the asthma epidemic; (5) the relationship between per-capita sales of acetaminophen and asthma prevalence across countries; (6) the results of a double-blind trial of ibuprofen and acetaminophen for treatment of fever in asthmatic children; and (7) the biologically plausible mechanism of glutathione depletion in airway mucosa. Until future studies document the safety of this drug, children with asthma or at risk for asthma should avoid the use of acetaminophen.
Location-Aware Security Services for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Network Coding

Security services such as data confidentiality, authenticity, and availability are critical in wireless sensor networks deployed in adversarial environments. Due to the resource constrains of sensor nodes, the existing protocols currently in use in ad-hoc networks cannot be employed in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a protocol called location-aware network coding security (LNCS) that provides all the aforementioned security services. By dividing the terrain into non-overlapping cells, the nodes take advantage of the location information to derive different location binding keys. An event in the field is sensed by several nodes and aggregated by all of them. Using a secret sharing algorithm, the aggregated information is divided into several shares that are forwarded toward the sink in a cell-by-cell fashion. The key idea in LNCS is that all the nodes involved in the protocol collaborate in every phase. We employ random network coding in our scheme to provide data availability significantly higher than that in other schemes. To generate authentication information, a hash tree is constructed on the generated packets. The packets that fail the authenticity test are considered as bogus and filtered enroute. Every node transmits only a small fraction of the generated packets along the corresponding authentication information to the next cell. The sink is the final entity being able to reconstruct the original message using a few shares of the message. We have provided a comparison between our scheme and previously proposed schemes. The results reveal significant improvement in data availability while maintaining the same level of data confidentiality and authenticity.
Improved spread spectrum: a new modulation technique for robust watermarking

This paper introduces a new watermarking modulation technique, which we call improved spread spectrum (ISS). When compared with traditional spread spectrum (SS), the signal does not act as a noise source, leading to significant gains. In some examples, performance improvements over SS are 20 dB in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or ten or more orders of magnitude in the error probability. The proposed method achieves roughly the same noise robustness gain as quantization index modulation (QIM) but without the amplitude scale sensitivity of QIM. Our proposed ISS is as robust in practice as traditional SS.
Effects of intra‐group conflict on packaged software development team performance

Data from 40 packaged software development teams are used to test a path model that relates three antecedents, the presence of intragroup conflict and the level of conflict management to software development team performance. Findings indicate that a combination of the team's characteristics, team member characteristics and existing levels of intragroup conflict accounts for nearly one- half of the variance between the best and worst-performing teams. Furthermore, the level of conflict management moderates the relationship between existing levels of intragroup conflict and performance. These results highlight both the complexity of the social processes of packaged software development and the value of this perspective for gaining insight on software development performance.
Managing open networks

The progress and schedules associated with OSI management standardization, and efforts to define network management requirements, are reviewed; the author synopsizes the ISO efforts to standardize management communication services for specific functional areas of management, reviews efforts to integrate network management across ISO and non-ISO environments, and examines some of the advanced needs for futuristic management systems. >
Transforming Public Organizations with Strategic Management and Strategic Leadership

This article suggests how to transform public sector organizations using strategic management and strategic leadership. We summarize the theory and process of strategic management and strategic leadership and suggest propositions that identify key questions in using these processes for the transformational change of public organizations. The propositions consider the unique needs posed by the public sector, the way transformational or radical change must be carried out in and for this type of organization, and how a transformation will redirect and channel the energies of strategic leaders in the future.
Preventing Cervical Cancer in the United States: Barriers and Resolutions for HPv vaccination

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates for preadolescent and adolescent girls in the United States are far behind those of other developed nations. These rates differ substantially by region and state, socioeconomic status, and insurance status. In parents and young women, a lack of awareness and a misperception of the risk of this vaccine drive low vaccination rates. In physicians, lack of comfort with discussion of sexuality and the perception that the vaccine should be delayed to a later age contribute to low vaccination rates. Patient- and physician-targeted educational campaigns, systems-based interventions, and school-based vaccine clinics offer a variety of ways to address the barriers to HPV vaccination. A diverse and culturally appropriate approach to promoting vaccine uptake has the potential to significantly improve vaccination rates in order to reach the Healthy People 2020 goal of over 80% vaccination in adolescent girls. This article reviews the disparities in HPV vaccination rates in girls in the United States, the influences of patients', physicians', and parents' attitudes on vaccine uptake, and the proposed interventions that may help the United States reach its goal for vaccine coverage.
ID 227 – Evidence-based modelling of nociceptive laser-evoked potentials

To this day, source modelling of EEG responses to nociceptive stimulation has relied on interplay between physiological hypotheses and pure mathematical estimates. Here, we propose to refine the models by integrating current knowledge in multi-modal brain imaging (fMRI and intracranial EEG) into nociceptive EEG responses modelling. We recorded laser-evoked potentials to right hand stimulation in 15 healthy participants, using high-density EEG (128 electrodes) and modeled sources during the first second of brain activity in BESA. Initial dipolar source position was defined by converging data from SEEG and fMRI. Grand-average data was well explained by a 7-dipole model. For 5 dipoles, source activity peaked ∼200ms after laser stimulation (right and left posterior insula-medial operculum, right frontal, left somatosensory-motor, anterior cingulate cortex). Left frontal dipole had a later, less defined peak, while the posterior cingulate dipole was maximally active ∼400ms. Overall, even though the model was constrained regarding dipole position , activity time-course was coherent with current knowledge. Notably, the most posterior dipole, located in regions traditionally linked to self-perception, was active late in the interval. Even though this model remains probably incomplete and might be furthered by the use of higher electrode densities, it demonstrates the potential of integrating multi-modal neuro-imaging data.
A suggested emergency medicine boot camp curriculum for medical students based on the mapping of Core Entrustable Professional Activities to Emergency Medicine Level 1 milestones

Background An increasing number of students rank Emergency Medicine (EM) as a top specialty choice, requiring medical schools to provide adequate exposure to EM. The Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Entering Residency by the Association of American Medical Colleges combined with the Milestone Project for EM residency training has attempted to standardize the undergraduate and graduate medical education goals. However, it remains unclear as to how the EPAs correlate to the milestones, and who owns the process of ensuring that an entering EM resident has competency at a certain minimum level. Recent trends establishing specialty-specific boot camps prepare students for residency and address the variability of skills of students coming from different medical schools. Objective Our project's goal was therefore to perform a needs assessment to inform the design of an EM boot camp curriculum. Toward this goal, we 1) mapped the core EPAs for graduating medical students to the EM residency Level 1 milestones in order to identify the possible gaps/needs and 2) conducted a pilot procedure workshop that was designed to address some of the identified gaps/needs in procedural skills. Methods In order to inform the curriculum of an EM boot camp, we used a systematic approach to 1) identify gaps between the EPAs and EM milestones (Level 1) and 2) determine what essential and supplemental competencies/skills an incoming EM resident should ideally possess. We then piloted a 1-day, three-station advanced ABCs procedure workshop based on the identified needs. A pre-workshop test and survey assessed knowledge, preparedness, confidence, and perceived competence. A post-workshop survey evaluated the program, and a posttest combined with psychomotor skills test using three simulation cases assessed students' skills. Results Students (n=9) reported increased confidence in the following procedures: intubation (1.5-2.1), thoracostomy (1.1-1.9), and central venous catheterization (1.3-2) (a three-point Likert-type scale, with 1= not yet confident/able to perform with supervision to 3= confident/able to perform without supervision). Psychomotor skills testing showed on average, 26% of students required verbal prompting with performance errors, 48% with minor performance errors, and 26% worked independently without performance errors. All participants reported: 1) increased knowledge and confidence in covered topics and 2) overall satisfaction with simulation experience. Conclusion Mapping the Core EPAs for Entering Residency to the EM milestones at Level 1 identifies educational gaps for graduating medical students seeking a career in EM. Educators designing EM boot camps for medical students should consider these identified gaps, procedures, and clinical conditions during the development of a core standardized curriculum.
Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Unactivated Hydrocarbons Based on a Tethered Metal-Coordinated Cavitand

A new selective hydrocarbon oxidation heterogeneous catalyst has been developed by tethering an iron-coordinated cavitand to the surfaces of a SBA-15 mesoporous material. The resulting material was shown to catalyze the oxidation of cyclic hydrocarbons at room temperature and to be quite robust and easily recyclable. The role of the cavitand scaffold is to prevent the catalytic Fe ions from interacting directly with the silica surface and to provide a controlled environment for reversible redox catalysis. An induction period is required for the activation of the catalyst, during which a change in coordination of the iron ions to the tethered cavitand takes place.
AMON: Transition to real-time operations

The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) will link the world's leading high-energy neutrino, cosmic-ray, gamma-ray and gravitational wave observatories by performing real-time coincidence searches for multimessenger sources from observatories' subthreshold data streams. The resulting coincidences will be distributed to interested parties in the form of electronic alerts for real-time follow-up observation. We will present the science case, design elements, current and projected partner observatories, status of the AMON project, and an initial AMON-enabled analysis. The prototype of the AMON server has been online since August 2014 and processing archival data. Currently, we are deploying new high-uptime servers and will be ready to start issuing alerts as early as winter 2015/16.
The effects of activated coke properties on SO_2 removal

The analysis and measurement results of the physical structure and surface properties of Datong,Taixi and Libo activated cokes,and the SO2 removal tests of three cokes by using simulating flue gas were introduced.The results show that the desulphurization process can be divided into three stages:during 1st stage,SO2 removal efficiency is near 100%,the length of this stage is decided by the amount of active sites;during 2nd stage,SO2 removal efficiency drops quickly;for the third stage,SO2 removal efficiency drops slowly,this has relative with the desorption rate of H2SO4·nH2O and the amount of micro hole and the surface tension.Taixi coke efficiency is the highest in 1st stage,since it has more active sites that analyzed according to SEM spectra.While Datong coke is the best in 3rd stage,because it has largest micro volume and amount of micro holes.The higher of O/C ratio on the activated coke surface,the worse of SO2 removal efficiency.There is a good proportion relationship between the SO2 removal efficiency and the concentration of basic oxygen functional groups.Taixi coke has highest concentration of basic oxygen functional groups,and its SO2 removal efficiency is the best.The concentration of nitrogen on activated coke surface is higher,the SO2 removal efficiency is better.
Patent Valuation with Forecasts of Forward Citations

Patents without established market values (e.g., no negotiated royalty rates) are often valued by comparing the number of citations the patent has received to the numbers received by other patents whose market values are established. For recently-issued patents, which have not had time to accumulate citations, this procedure can be noisy or even inapplicable. The current paper generalizes this valuation method to incorporate patent characteristics that relate to the number of citations the patent is expected to obtain in the future. We estimate statistical models in which the explanatory variables are observable characteristics of the patent at a given time, and the dependent variable is the number of citations that the patent receives after that date. Using several examples, we demonstrate a procedure for patent valuation that incorporates the statistical results, such that the valuation reflects the number of citations the patent has already received as well as the number it is expected, based on its characteristics, to receive in the future.
Buprenorphine Maintenance for Opioid Dependence in Public Sector Healthcare: Benefits and Barriers.

Background: Since its U.S. FDA approval in 2002, buprenorphine has been available for maintenance treatment of opiate dependence in primary care physicians' offices. Though buprenorphine was intended to facilitate access to treatment, disparities in utilization have emerged; while buprenorphine treatment is widely used in private care setting, public healthcare integration of buprenorphine lags behind.
Humanitarian-Military Collaboration: Social and Cultural Aspects of Interoperability

This chapter explores how cultural factors affect the ability of military and humanitarian actors to work together to achieve common goals and how cultural factors affect work with local populations. It elaborates the distinction between horizontal interoperability and vertical interoperability, the former focused on the organizational cultural factors affecting humanitarian and military groups, the latter focusing on their relations with local communities. It goes on to explore the usefulness of cultural model analysis for understanding both horizontal and vertical interoperability and discusses the ways in which power affects these relationships. The chapter argues that cultural awareness must be based on understandings of culture that are generative rather than trait-based and static.
What Is the Future of German Politics

As the Federal Republic ends its fifth decade, it is faced with a variety of domestic and foreign political problems, many of which are common to other advanced industrial democracies: unemployment, environmental protection, crime, drug abuse, urban development, energy, the financing of the extensive social welfare system, European integration, economic growth, and East-West relations in a post—Cold War world. All these issues are dwarfed, however, by the challenge of unification. The Federal Republic in the 1990s is attempting to integrate 16 million East Germans into its Western-style society, economy, and polity. Most of these new citizens have lived for most of their lives under either Nazi or Communist dictatorships. Their experience with Western democracy is limited to the period since November 1989 during which they have experienced a rapid and sometimes difficult transformation of their society and way of life. Unified Germany must also define its role in the international arena and especially its relationship to the postcommunist societies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This chapter examines these issues.
Pseudoaneurysm of superficial and deep arch of the hand after penetrating wound

Pseudoaneurysm of the hand is often the result of focal penetrating trauma. The goal of this report is to describe a rare case of a patient with a pseudoaneurysm of the superficial palmar arch, and deep arch, and her subsequent surgical treatment. A 67-year-old patient sustained an accidental laceration to her palm, with a kitchen knife. The patient was initially treated in the Emergency Department, with a simple repair of a 1 cm laceration. No imaging was obtained at that time. The patient subsequently developed a large, pulsatile, painful mass in her palm near the site of injury, and presented to Emergency Department again for evaluation. Using a color flow Doppler US, the patient was initially diagnosed with a pseudoaneurysm of the superficial palmar arch. Superficial aneurysm was treated with two thrombin injections, after which a CT angiogram was obtained that showed a pseudoaneurysm in the deep arch. The patient was subsequently taken to the operating room, and both pseudoaneurysms were successfully resected and repaired. The patient did well after surgery, with no lasting sensory or motor deficits to the hand, and patency of superficial and deep arch, as well as, well flow to the digital arteries. To our knowledge, this is the only case reporting post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of superficial and deep arch. Although, a rare phenomenon, pseudoaneurysm of the superficial palmar arch and deep arch can coexist. Level of Evidence: Level V, diagnostic/therapeutic study.
Prostate cancer: Moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy-not yet a standard of care

A theoretical radiobiological rationale supports the use of hypofractionated radiotherapy (higher radiation doses per fraction over a shorter period of time compared with conventional fractionation) for the treatment of prostate cancer. The investigators of two recently published phase III clinical trials with different designs have come to opposing conclusions regarding whether hypofractionated radiotherapy should be considered a new standard of care.
A comparison of intraperitoneal bupivacaine-tramadol with bupivacaine-magnesium sulphate for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective, randomised study

Background and Aims: In laparoscopic surgeries, intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetics and opioids is gaining popularity, for better pain relief. This study compared the quality and duration of post-operative analgesia using intraperitoneal tramadol plus bupivacaine (TB) or magnesium plus bupivacaine (MB). Methods: In this study, 186 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups: group TB received intraperitoneal tramadol with bupivacaine and group MB received intraperitoneal magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) with bupivacaine. The visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess pain, haemodynamic variables and side effects were noted and compared at different time points. The primary outcome was to compare the analgesic efficacy and duration of pain relief. The secondary outcomes included comparison of haemodynamic parameters and side effects among the two groups. The data analysis was carried out with unpaired Student's t-test and Chi-square test using software SPSS 20.0 version. Results: The mean of VAS pain score after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h of surgery was more in TB group compared to MB group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total rescue analgesia consumption in 24 h after surgery was 2.4 g (mean) of paracetamol in TB group and 1.4 g (mean) of paracetamol in MB group which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine-MgSO 4 renders patients relatively pain-free in first 24 h after surgery, with longer duration of pain-free period and less consumption of rescue analgesic as compared to bupivacaine-tramadol combination.
Use of a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Does Not Inhibit Platelet Activation or Growth Factor Release From Platelet-Rich Plasma:

Background:It remains unestablished whether use of cyclooxygenase (COX)–2 inhibitors impairs platelet activation and anabolic growth factor release from platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP).Purp...
Hybrid Solution for E-Toll Payment

E-toll system has been huge improvement in decreasing the over traffic jams that have become a big problem in metro cities nowadays. It is the best method to handle the huge traffic. The traveler passing through the traditional type of transport have to pay toll bill by waiting in the long queue, so it results in loss of petrol, loss of time, pollution, and tension of carrying cash with us. So by using our system of E-Toll payment the traveler revokes the tension of waiting in the queue to make the payment, which decreases the fuel consumption and taking cash with them can be avoided.
Is it Safe to Reduce Water Intake in the Overactive Bladder Population? A Systematic Review

Purpose: Overactive bladder imposes a significant socioeconomic burden on the health care system. It is a commonly held belief that increased fluid intake (8 glasses of water per day) is beneficial for health. However, increased fluid intake exacerbates overactive bladder symptoms. Thus, it is imperative that clinicians appropriately educate patients for whom increased water intake may be detrimental (women with overactive bladder), in contrast to patients with comorbidities that necessitate increased water intake (nephrolithiasis). We systematically reviewed the literature to determine the potential health advantages of increased water intake and identify specific subpopulations that need increased hydration.Materials and Methods: We systematically reviewed published articles from 1972 through 2017 on PubMed® and the Cochrane Library. The data were reviewed independently by 2 individuals. Studies were included if they explored water intake in relation to the risk of a particular disease.Results: Level 1 ...
Redefining the boundaries of Public Administration

The scope of the article is reinterpretation of the question posed by Rodgers and Rodgers, namely, are Public Administration scholarship produced by “disciplined purists” – Public Administration sc...
Combining Site Heterogeneity. The Free Energy Distribution Function

According to the theory of clonal selection, antigen may bind to and stimulate proliferation and differentiation of a number of distinct B cells. Although each of the resulting clones produces homogeneous antibody, the entire population will be heterogeneous because of heterogeneity in the B cell population. The combining site diversity thus generated in the antiserum will be reflected in heterogeneity of free energies and equilibrium constants (affinities) characterizing its interaction with antigen. A complete thermodynamic description of binding therefore requires knowledge of a distribution of free energies.
Topological Duality Theory in Algebraic Logic

Connections between logic and topology have long been recognized, and have proved to be enlightening as well as useful. In most topological studies, one considers, essentially, the dual space of an algebra of formulas; the propositional connectives, Λ, ∧ and ⌝, are then interpreted as union, intersection and complementation of sets. What is new about the study to be undertaken here is that in addition to the propositional connectives, quantifiers and the substitution of variables also have a very simple topological dual, namely open and closed equivalence relations, and open and closed continuous functions. The connections between this topological duality and models of theories are also studied.
Phosphorylation and Regulation of Calcium Channels by Multiple Protein Kinases

The class of voltage-dependent Ca2 + channels that exhibit slow, long-lasting currents and high affinity for dihydropyridines (often referred to as “L type” Ca2 +channels) are regulated in many types of cells by cyclic AMP. This regulation presumably occurs through a reaction involving cAMP-dependent protein kinase (1–7). In addition, protein kinase C and Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases also appear to regulate this type of channel in various cell types. Electrophysiological studies suggest that these regulations occur via pathways that involve phosphorylation of the channels or associated regulatory proteins (4, 5). However, very little evidence has been obtained from biochemical studies using intact cells or isolated channels to elucidate what phosphorylation reactions occur that result in channel regulation.
Human Papillomavirus–Related Malignancies in HIV Infection: Anal and Oropharyngeal Cancers

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, including anal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, occur more frequently in individuals living with HIV infection than in the general population. Strategies for prevention among individuals with HIV infection include HPV vaccination, anal cancer screening programs, and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). HPV vaccination is not yet optimally used; a stronger and more persistent effort is needed to increase vaccination rates. Although anal cancer screening is not recommended by all authorities, there is a least some evidence that screening and treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions may prevent progression to cancer. However, more definitive evidence is needed. Early initiation of ART reduces the risk of infection-related cancers, with some evidence of benefit in preventing HPV-associated cancer in individuals with HIV infection. This article summarizes a presentation by Timothy J. Wilkin, MD, MPH, at the IAS-USA continuing education program held in Los Angeles, California in April 2018.
PPPs in global IP (public & ndash;private partnerships in global intellectual property)

Under what conditions may public-private partnerships (PPPs or P3s) involved in multilateral development policy advance public interest goals in global intellectual property? This chapter begins to assess how non-profit partners within certain development policy PPPs generate and/or implement norms, thereby impacting public policies that promote both innovations as well as access to those innovations. It brings pertinent literature in the area of global administrative law to bear on these emerging but already embedded institutions of private policy-making. As hybrid actors operating across polyglot transnational networks, the practices of these PPPs illuminate and deepen both global governance and intellectual property scholarship. Among other things, they reveal PPPs as significant but not frictionless regime-straddlers linking the legal domains of trade, intellectual property and development.
ALK gene rearrangement status in non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma in the Middle Eastern population.

Background Worldwide, the frequency of ALK rearrangement ranges between 3-6%, however its prevalence in the Middle Eastern population has not been reported. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of the ALK rearrangement, as well as the clinico-pathologic characteristics of Lebanese patients with ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. Methods 152 patients diagnosed with non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), at Hotel-Dieu de France University Hospital between February 2014 and July 2016, were included in the study. ALK gene rearrangement expression was screened by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (D5F3 Clone). Positive cases were then sent for confirmation with Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Results On immunohistochemistry, patients were distributed as following: score 0: n=108, score 1+: n=26, score 2+: n= 9, score 3+: n= 9. ALK gene rearrangement was detected in 6 out of 18 (2+ and 3+ score) tested patients by FISH technique. The presence of ALK rearrangement was significantly associated with the female gender (n=6, p=0.003) and with non-smoking status (n=4, p=0.0.18). Conclusion This study confirms that the prevalence of the ALK gene rearrangement in the Middle Eastern region is within the worldwide ranges and is almost exclusive to patients with adenocarcinoma subtype and tends to occur more frequently in women and non-smokers.
Modelling film flows down a fibre influenced by nozzle geometry

We study the effects of nozzle geometry on the dynamics of thin fluid films flowing down a vertical cylindrical fibre. Recent experiments show that varying the nozzle diameter can lead to different flow regimes and droplet characteristics in the film. Using a weighted residual modelling approach, we develop a system of coupled equations that account for inertia, surface tension effects, gravity and a film stabilization mechanism to describe both near-nozzle fluid structures and downstream bead dynamics. We report good agreement between the predicted droplet properties and the experimental data.