cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Review: Characteristics of Plant Microsatellite Markers that Confer Higher Levels of Genetic Variation

During microsatellite marker development, researchers must choose from a pool of possible primer pairs to further test in their species of interest. In many cases, the goal is maximizing detectable levels of genetic variation. To guide researchers and determine which markers are associated with higher levels of genetic variation, we conducted a literature review based on 6782 genomic microsatellite markers published from 1997–2012. We examined relationships between heterozygosity (He or Ho) or allele number (A) with the following marker characteristics: repeat type, motif length, motif region, repeat frequency, and microsatellite size. Variation across taxonomic groups was also analyzed. There were significant differences between imperfect and perfect repeat types in A and He. Dinucleotide motifs exhibited significantly higher A, He, and Ho than most other motifs. Repeat frequency and motif region were positively correlated with A, He, and Ho, but correlations with microsatellite size were minimal. Higher taxonomic groups were disproportionately represented in the literature and showed little consistency. In conclusion, researchers should carefully consider marker characteristics so they can be tailored to the desired application. If researchers aim to target high genetic variation, dinucleotide motif lengths with large repeat frequencies may be best.
Expediating IP lookups with reduced power via TBM and SST supernode caching

In this paper, we propose a novel supernode caching scheme to reduce IP lookup latencies and energy consumption in network processors. In stead of using an expensive TCAM based scheme, we implement a set-ssociative SRAM based cache. We use two different algorithms, tree bitmap (TBM) and shape shifting trie (SST), to organize an IP routing table as a supernode tree composed of a group of supernodes. We add a small supernode cache in-between the processor and the low-level memory containing the IP routing table in a tree structure. The supernode cache stores recently visited supernodes of the longest matched prefixes in the IP routing tree. A supernode hitting in the cache reduces the number of accesses to the low-level memory, leading to a fast IP lookup. According to our simulations, up to 72% memory accesses can be avoided by a 128KB TBM supernode cache for the selected three trace files, and up to 78% memory accesses can be reduced while using a same size of SST supernode cache. Average TBM and SST supernode cache miss ratios are as low as 4% and 7%, respectively. Compared to a TCAM with the same size, the TBM and SST supernode caches can both reduce 77% of energy consumption.
Exploiting the Potential of Persistent Object Stores

The full potential of persistent object stores will not be reached by implementing massive database management systems that interpret schemas in order to carry out their tasks. Nor will the compiler technology of current programming languages, in-which the compilers fully and inflexibly determine the implementations of the base constructs of the languages they compile, be able to deliver the required performance when faced with high level specifications of database systems. What is needed is a more robust implementation architecture along the lines proposed by the EXODUS project at the University of Wisconsin. Techniques for hand-generating fast implementations of strategic functions combined and integrated with generative techniques along the lines of “fourth generation” languages should be developed in order to deliver the promise of persistent object stores, i. e., avoidance of the impedance mismatch and straightforward management of complex persistent structures. This paper outlines some of the possibilities for features in an “open compilation” approach to implementing database management systems using a persistent object store. One of the salient features of this approach is starting with a formal specification language and using the formality of the language to help the implementers build efficient and correct implementations.
An intramolecular diene-carbene cycloaddition equivalence. The observation of a remarkable substituent effect on photorearrangement of tricyclo[4.3.0.05,7]non-3-en-2-ones

Abstract The preparation and photorearrangement of vinyl cyclopropanes 2a–c and pyrazolines 3a and 3c are presented.
Automatic hand reference acquisition using a stereo 3D webcam

This paper presents a framework for hand template sampling using a stereo 3D webcam and background modeling. The generated template can be used to record specific characteristics of a user's hand or to create a hand template database.
The Risks and Benefits of Chemical Fumigation in the Health Care Environment

Fumigation of hospital rooms with high concentrations of toxic chemicals has been proposed to reduce microbial agents on hospital surfaces and to control infections. Chemical fumigation has been used effectively in other areas, such as building decontamination after bioterrorism events, in agriculture, and in residential structures. However, even in these situations, there have been incidents where fumigants have escaped, causing illness and death to exposed workers and the public. Before expanding the use of a potentially hazardous technology in areas where there are vulnerable individuals, it is important to fully weigh benefits and risks. This article reviews the effectiveness of fumigation as a method of inactivating microbes on environmental surfaces and in reducing patient infection rates against the potential risks. Peer-reviewed literature, consensus documents, and government reports were selected for review. Studies have demonstrated that fumigation can be effective in inactivating microbes on en...
Vector Model Based Indexing and Retrieval of Handwritten Medical Forms

A vector model based information retrieval of handwritten medical forms is presented in this paper. In order to improve the IR performance on the erroneous output of handwriting recognition (HR) systems, a variation of the vector model is made to estimate the number of occurrences of terms from word segmentation and recognition probabilities. IR Tests show that our approach outperforms the retrieval of ordinary HR text in terms of mean average precision (MAP), R-Precision, and interpolated 11-point precisions.
Interconnect Matching Design Rule Inferring and Optimization through Correlation Extraction

New back-end design for manufacturability rules have brought guarantee rules for interconnect matching. These rules indicate a certain capacitance matching guarantee given spacing between interconnects and interconnect area. Yet, the number of these rules is so few that they are of limited value in circuit or interconnect optimization. A method to infer additional guarantees from the provided guarantees is necessary so that optimization can be optimal. In this paper, we target two problems. First, we present a methodology to infer additional matching guarantees through extracting correlation information from the given limited set of matching guarantees in the design manual. In order to achieve this, we propose a multi-function variant of multi-variate Newton-Raphson method to extract parameters of the proposed dimension- and distance-based process correlation model for interconnects. We propose to use the extracted correlation information to infer a continuum of matching rules through simulation with proposed modifications to the standard capacitance extraction procedure. Secondly, we show how to directly incorporate the inferred interconnect matching guarantees for accurate interconnect optimization in a flexible geometric programming construction. We show how much resource savings are possible through inferring of new matching rules. Applying the inferred mismatch guarantees allows a geometric programming-based H-tree optimization to reduce the clock tree resources 27% on average and up to 56%.
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by lysolecithin.

Abstract Exogenous lysolecithin inhibits prostaglandin E 2 synthesis from arachidonic acid in bovine seminal vesicle microsomes at plausible physiological levels (lysolecithin-to-protein ratios ⩾ 0.03 [w/w]) by inhibiting fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase activity. Structurally defined lysolecithins with varying fatty acid chain length exhibit varying effectiveness as inhibitors. Addition of equimolar quantities of free fatty acid lowers the lysolecithin concetration required for inhibition. Exogenous lysolecithin inhibits unstimulated and thrombin-stimulated prostaglandin E 2 synthesis from endogenous substrate in SVBalb/3T3 cells. Serum treatment of SVBalb/3T3 cells, which generates endogenous lysolecithin and free fatty acids, decreases the efficiency of conversion of free arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. These results suggest a possible role for the products of phospholipase A2 action in the regulation of prostaglandin synthesis.
The Whiteness of Wisconsin's Wages: Racial Geography and the Defeat of Public Sector Labor Unions in Wisconsin

In 2011, the passage of Wisconsin Act 10 eliminated substantive collective bargaining rights for public employees in Wisconsin. How did politicians in Wisconsin invoke racial symbolism in the policy contest over public sector collective bargaining rights? To what extent did this policy battle reconstruct racial identities of blackness and whiteness? In this analysis, we leverage a multi-method approach to speak to these questions. We use a historical analysis of race in Milwaukee and current public opinion around support for public sector cuts to frame a discourse analysis of political rhetoric employed by the Walker campaign. We join critical race perspectives to examine how politicians play on existing inequalities as a method of gaining political and electoral legitimacy and achieving a retrenchment of the modern state. Moreover, we build a case supporting the claim that Governor Walker and his allies activated the racial animus of white workers.
The virulence transcriptional activator AphA enhances biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae by activating expression of the biofilm regulator VpsT.

Vibrio cholerae is the agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, and it perpetuates in aquatic reservoirs when not in the host. Within the host9s intestines, the bacteria execute a complex regulatory pathway culminating with the production of virulence factors that allow colonization and cause disease. The ability of V. cholerae to form biofilms is thought to aid its persistence in the aquatic environment and passage through the gastric acid barrier of the stomach. The transcriptional activators VpsR and VpsT are part of the biofilm formation-regulatory network. In this study, we screened a V. cholerae genomic library in Escherichia coli cells containing a P vpsT - luxCDBAE transcriptional fusion reporter and found that a plasmid clone containing the aphA gene activates the expression of vpsT in E. coli . AphA is a master virulence regulator in V. cholerae that is required to activate the expression of tcpP , whose gene products in turn activate all virulence genes including those responsible for the synthesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin through the activation of toxT . AphA has a direct effect on the vpsT promoter, as gel shift experiments demonstrated that AphA binds to the vpsT promoter region. Furthermore, V. cholerae aphA mutants exhibit significantly lower levels of vpsT expression as well as reduced biofilm formation. AphA thus links the expression of virulence and biofilm synthesis genes.
The enigma of altruistic lying: Perspective differences in what motivates and justifies lie telling within romantic relationships

Lie tellers in intimate relationships often claim their lies were told to protect their partner. However, based on several converging theories (e.g., motivated reasoning, cognitive dissonance), we expected lie receivers to interpret lie tellers' motives less altruistically. We also made predictions regarding other variables on which we expected lie tellers' and lie receivers' perceptions to differ (e.g., justifications for the lie and responses to the lie, lie tellers' guilt, the temporal and situational context of the lies, perceptions of causality and blame). Participants wrote 2 autobiographical narratives, one from the perspective of lie teller and the other from the perspective of lie receiver. Participants also completed questionnaire items that mirrored the coding dimensions used in our content analyses of the narratives. As predicted, results indicated that the same participants, when occupying the role of lie teller as opposed to lie receiver, viewed their lies as more altruistically motivated, guilt inducing, spontaneous, justified by features of the situation, and provoked by the lie receiver. We discuss potential explanations for perspective differences in lying, the value of multiple perspectives when studying and evaluating lies, and the potential for an understanding of perspective differences to aid in conflict resolution.
Meet and Join within the Lattice of Set Partitions

We build on work of Boris Pittel [5] concerning the number of $t$-tuples of partitions whose meet (join) is the minimal (maximal) element in the lattice of set partitions.
Severity of depressive symptoms and accuracy of dietary reporting among obese women with major depressive disorder seeking weight loss treatment

K23 HL109620 - NHLBI NIH HHS; K23HL109620 - NHLBI NIH HHS; U48 DP001933 - NCCDPHP CDC HHS; K23HL107391 - NHLBI NIH HHS; KL2TR000160 - NCATS NIH HHS; R01 MH078012-02 - NIMH NIH HHS; 5R01HL094575-04 - NHLBI NIH HHS; 1U01HL105268 - NHLBI NIH HHS
SEGMENTAL INSTABILITY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

Low back pain (LBP) is a pervasive problem in modern societies, but identifying a specific pathoanatomical cause is not possible in a majority of cases.1 Patients for whom a specific pathoanatomical diagnosis cannot be made are often described as having “mechanical” LBP. Many researchers and clinicians suggest that segmental instability of the lumbar spine is a possible pathomechanical mechanism underlying mechanical LBP.1–3 Segmental instability of the lumbar spine, however, remains a controversial and poorly understood topic.4 The purpose of this update is to review the current literature on segmental instability of the lumbar spine, with special emphasis on Panjabi's theory of the “neutral zone” and how that relates to physical therapy. Basic Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine The lumbar spine, although often described as a single functional unit, is composed of 5 vertebrae forming what are called “motion segments” connected in series.5…
Images of Waste and Purification on the Banks of the Ganga

THESE PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES take the reader through the interstices of human civilization, to the places where waste accumulates, flows, and is “managed” by the state. Images of the sacred and profane and the notions of purity and material pollution associated with them are brought into stark relief to convey the argument that government, activist and Hindu understandings of the river Ganga are fundamentally incompatible. This incompatibility complicates solutions to problems that arise when urban waste is channeled into the river for disposal. [Sacred purity, environmental pollution, Hinduism, environmentalism, India]
Isolated Valvular Pulmonic Stenosis Clinical and Physiologic Response to Open Valvuloplasty

The preoperative and postoperative clinical and physiologic data are presented in 10 patients with isolated valvular pulmonic stenosis. The valvulotomy was performed in five patients by the generally accepted blind ventricular approach, while in the remaining five patients the valvular surgery was accomplished by a direct pulmonary arterial approach. The physiologic data revealed uniform obliteration of the systolic pressure gradient from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery in the patients operated by the direct technic in striking contrast to the inadequate and variable relief of stenosis by the transventricular approach.
An improved model for analyzing industrial power systems

A new program for performing the computer analysis of industrial power systems is presented. This program can be used for load flow, fault, and machine starting analyses, and to compute, interactively, desired levels of reactive power compensation. A brief review of the application of such programs is given. This program is described, and an example of its application to mine power systems is presented. >
Observations concerning self-damage in GaAs injection lasers

A study has been made of the gradual degradation in the output of GaAs lasers at 300°K. The process of catastrophic degradation, which involves mechanical facet damage, has been previously described. The lasers investigated were fabricated by Nelson using the solution regrowth method. Typically, the lasers were 10 mils long and 5 mils wide and were not provided with reflective coatings. We have found that the degradation process is a bulk, rather than a surface, effect during which the near-field emission patterns decrease in uniformity. Except in rare cases, there is no external evidence of mechanical damage to the devices. This has been confirmed by scanning electron microscope observations of the facets before and after gradual degradation. Softening of the I-V characteristics occurs in addition to increases in the threshold current density and decreases in both the stimulated and spontaneous exterior differential efficiency. No evidence was found for significant changes in either the junction impurity profile or the optical emission spectra. From a detailed analysis of the change in the threshold currents and the efficiency, it is concluded that the internal quantum efficiency is gradually reduced during laser operation. This decrease may be the result of the formation of recombination centers in the recombination region. These centers may be similar to those introduced by high-energy (1 MeV) electron irradiation. We find that an irradiation flux of 1.5 \times 10^{16} electrons/cm2(resulting in the formation of an estimated density on the order of 1015defects/cm3) has a severe effect on laser performance, similar in many respects to that observed in gradual degradation: the emission pattern may become nonuniform, while the threshold current increases and the efficiency decreases. All this also occurs without any changes in the spectral energy distribution in the range investigated (1 to 1.5 eV) An evaluation of the factors affecting the gradual degradation rate indicates that it is primarily affected by the current density. The degradation rate is also influenced by the initial junction quality-lasers that initially exhibit highly nonuniform emission degrade faster than those that are relatively uniform. By limiting the device operation of a typical solution-grown laser to a current level between two and three times the threshold current, long-term (hundreds of hours) stable operation has been obtained at 300°K at repetition rates up to several kilohertz using a 100-ns pulse width.
Analysis of metabolic fluxes in batch and continuous cultures of Bacillus subtilis.

It is well recognized that metabolic fluxes are the key variables that must be determined in order to understand metabolic regulation and patterns. However, owing to difficulties in measuring the flux values, evaluation of metabolic fluxes has not been an integral part of the most metabolic studies. Flux values for metabolites of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway were obtained for batch and glucose-limited continuous cultures of Bacillus subtilis by combining the information from the stoichiometry of key biosynthetic reactions with the experimental data on concentrations of glucose and metabolic by-products, CO(2) evolution, and oxygen uptake rates. The results indicate that (1) the metabolic fluxes and energetic yield as well as the extent of flux mismatch in metabolic activity of glycolysis and the TCA cycle reactions can be accurately quantified; (2) the flux through the TCA cycle in continuous culture is much in excess of cell energetic and biosynthetic demands for precursors; (3) for the range of growth rates examined the TCA cycle flux increases almost in proportion to growth rate and is significantly repressed only at very high growth rates of batch cultures; and (4) for continuous cultures the isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction of the TCA cycle is the major source of the reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) used in biosynthesis.
Predictions of Turbidity Due to Enhanced Sediment Resuspension Resulting from Sea-Level Rise on a Fringing Coral Reef: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii

Abstract Accelerating sea-level rise associated with global climate change will affect sedimentary processes on coral reefs and other shoreline environments by increasing energy and sediment resuspension. On reefs, sedimentation is known to increase coral stress and bleaching as particles that settle on coral surfaces interfere with photosynthesis and feeding, and turbidity induced by suspended sediment reduces incident light levels. Using relationships developed from observations of wave orbital velocity, water-surface elevation, and suspended-sediment concentration on a fringing reef flat of Molokai, Hawaii, predictions of the average daily maximum in suspended-sediment concentration increase from ~11 mg/l to ~20 mg/l with 20 cm sea-level rise. The duration of time concentrations exceeds 10 mg/l increases from 9% to 37%. An evaluation of the reduction of wave energy flux through breaking and frictional dissipation across the reef flat shows an increase of ~80% relative to the present will potentially re...
Regulation of Alveolar Ventilation and Arterial Blood Gases During Exercise

The mechanism mediating the increase in alveolar ventilation (VA) during exercise remains controversial. Several investigative groups have suggested different theories each supported by impressive evidence. Wasserman et al. (43) have concluded that their studies “strongly point to the existence of a sensitive chemoreceptive mechanism which causes ventilation to increase in proportion to CO2 flow thus maintaining PaCO2 essentially constant.” On the other hand, Kao (30) has concluded, “there is certainly a peripheral neurogenic drive which must be considered as the, or one of the mechanisms of exercise hyperpnea.” Another divergent view is that of Eldridge, et al. (18) who propose that, “neural command signals emanating from the hypothalamus are primarily responsible for the proportional driving of locomotion, respiration, and circulatory adjustments during exercise.” Lastly, in an attempt to reconcile these widely differing viewpoints, Yamamoto (46) hypothesized that there might by “many sufficient mechanisms, each of which in a given, isolated circumstance explains the whole phenomenon. When they act simultaneously, they mask each other.” Therefore, the objective of this report is to review data we have recently obtained on awake humans, ponies, and goats that directly tests each of these hypotheses.
Can underpowered clinical trials be justified

As a physician-investigator, I have participated as an ad hoc reviewer for a number of years in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Oncology Study Section, one of many chartered Initial Review Groups that reviews applications to fund cancer clinical trials and studies of biological materials derived from cooperative group clinical trials. This group is unique because of its charge and the members who comprise its body of reviewers. Every proposal is reviewed by at least three clinical investigators (usually physicians) with backgrounds in radiation oncology, medical or pediatric oncology, pathology, and a variety of other biomedical science disciplines. Additionally, a biostatician reviews each proposal to determine the validity of the method of design and of the data analysis plan. Even when a study is sufficiently important to conduct and its hypothesis is sound, one might expect that a review committee would disapprove a study that is poorly designed and that will not produce statistically significant results. All too often, however, protocols that are creative and important but flawed methodologically receive a positive review for a variety of reasons: the study is a great idea, it's a truly innovative approach, or the disease under study is terrible and without any effective treatment, so anything in this area would help. Yet is it ethical to conduct methodologically flawed clinical trials? More specifically, can we justify conducting studies with few participants, known as "underpowered" clinical trials, if these trials are unlikely to produce statistically significant results?
Programmed Releases of Spalangia Endius and Muscidifurax Raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) against Estimated Populations of Musca Domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Augmentative releases of Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia endius at an installation of caged laying hens in north Florida demonstrated that M. raptor does not seek Musca domestica host pupae beneath the surface of the soil and does not function well in dry hot weather. Releases conducted with S. endius indicate that it will, under similar conditions, successfully parasitize field pupae both above and below the soil surface, but will be prevented from locating and effectively parasitizing pupae if the poultry droppings are not kept dry. Field populations of both adult and immature stages of house flies can be estimated, thereby enabling determination of parasite:host ratios and percentage parasitism.
Subsidy Policies with Learning from Stochastic Experiences

Many new products presumed to be privately beneficial to the poor have a high price elasticity of demand and ultimately zero take-up rate at market prices. This has led gov- ernments and donors to provide subsidies to increase the take-up, with the hope of reducing the subsidies once the value of the product is better known. In this study, we use data from a two-year field experiment in rural China to define the optimum subsidy scheme that can insure a given take-up for a new weather insurance product for rice producers. We estimate both reduced form causal channels and a structural model of learning from stochastic expe- rience which we use to conduct policy simulations. Results show that the optimum current subsidy necessary to achieve a desired level of take-up rate depends on both past subsidy levels and past payout rates, implying that subsidy levels should vary locally year-to-year.
Traversing the triangulum: the intersection of tobacco, legalised marijuana and electronic vaporisers in Denver, Colorado

Objective To explore the intersection of tobacco, legalised marijuana and electronic vaporiser use among young adults in the ‘natural laboratory’ of Colorado, the first state with legalised retail marijuana. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with 32 young adults (18–26 years old) in Denver, Colorado, in 2015 to understand the beliefs and practices related to the use of tobacco, marijuana and vaporisers. Results We found ambiguity about whether the phrase ‘to smoke’ refers to the use of tobacco or marijuana products. Smoking marijuana blunts (emptied cigarillo or tobacco wrap filled with marijuana) was common, but few interpreted this as tobacco use. Marijuana vaporisers were used to circumvent public consumption laws (eg, while at work or when driving). Young adults considered secondhand tobacco smoke dangerous, but perceived secondhand marijuana smoke as benign. Discussion Using tobacco products as a delivery method for marijuana (eg, blunts) might be increasing and normalising tobacco use among young adults. Surveillance should explicitly ask about use of tobacco products for marijuana. Marijuana vaporisers, often indistinguishable from nicotine vaporisers, may be used to circumvent public consumption laws; communities concerned about use of marijuana in public spaces should include vaporisers (for nicotine or marijuana) in smoke-free regulations. Tobacco, marijuana and electronic vaporisers should be studied together, rather than separately. This approach is essential in informing research and policy as more US states and countries worldwide move to legalise marijuana.
The Role of Lactoferrin as an Anti-Inflammatory Molecule

The formation of hydroxyl radical via the iron catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction has been implicated in phagocyte-mediated microbicidal activity and inflammatory tissue injury. The fact that neutrophils contain lactoferrin and mononuclear phagocytes have the capacity to acquire exogenous iron has suggested that iron bound to lactoferrin may influence the nature of free radical products generated by these cells. Over the years the iron-lactoferrin complex has been heralded as both a promoter and inhibitor of hydroxyl radical formation. This manuscript is intended to provide an overview of work performed to date related to this controversy and to present results of a number of preliminary studies which shed further light on the role of lactoferrin in inflammation.
Russian History Textbooks in the Putin Era: Heroic Leaders Demand Loyal Citizens

In this chapter we examine the heroic representations of Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Putin in two widely used Russian high school history textbooks. We argue that these representations aim to achieve an uncritical acceptance and allegiance to Putin’s political regime among Russian school age students. Employing a critical discourse analytic approach to the textbook representations of Stalin and Putin revealed how ideological messages were communicated to the reader through words and images. We drew upon critical theory and social semiotic perspectives to guide our analysis. Critical theory’s emphasis on how dominant elites maintain hegemony through controlling social discourses and social semiotic theory’s attention to how signs and codes engender powerful cognitive and emotional associations for readers proved invaluable to our analysis. The findings that emerged from this research demonstrated how the Russian concept of hero was discursively enacted in the two textbooks to accomplish socio-political purposes. While there were differences between the textbooks’ depictions of Stalin’s heroic stature, both accounts used these alternating depictions to enhance adulation of Putin’s heroic leadership in the present. Furthermore, the representations of Stalin’s crimes served to justify Putin’s policies today by portraying opposition to his leadership as unpatriotic and damaging to the welfare of the Russian nation. The significance of these findings underscores the importance of examining how the narratives of a nation’s past attempt to shape civic identities in the present. Our study also draws attention to the dangers of how officially sanctioned historical accounts in school settings around the world can be used to shape a compliant citizenry in the present.
An Application of a Log Version of the Kodaira Vanishing Theorem to Embedded Projective Varieties

Given an embedded smooth projective variety Y in CP^n, we show how the existence of a hypersurface with high multiplicity along Y, but of relatively low degree and log canonical near Y implies vanishing of higher cohomology for certain twists of powers of the ideal sheaf of Y. This is applied to get rather non-trivial vanishing in case Y is a universal determinantal variety (i.e. quadratic Veronese, Segre embedding or Grassmannian of P^1's) or a curve embedded by a complete linear series of high degree. The key in the determinantal cases is to use the theory of complete objects. While the theories of complete quadrics and linear maps yield the desired results, a corresponding theory of complete skew forms seems not have been previously worked out. The desired results are obtained in an appendix.
Equation-oriented simulation and optimization of process flowsheets incorporating detailed spiral-wound multistream heat exchanger models

Multiple chemical processes rely on multistream heat exchangers (MHEXs) for heat integration, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Owing to their geometric complexity, the detailed design of MHEXs is typically iterative: the exchanger geometric parameters are selected to match process specifications resulting from a flowsheet optimization step; then, the flowsheet is reoptimized with the predictions of the MHEX model, and these steps are repeated until a convergence criterion is met. This paper presents a novel framework that allows—for the first time, to our knowledge—for the simultaneous optimization of the process flowsheet and the detailed MHEX design. Focusing on spiral-wound MHEXs, we develop an equation-oriented exchanger model using industry-accepted heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for single-phase and multiphase streams. We embed this model in our previously developed pseudo-transient equation-oriented process simulation and optimization framework. We demonstrate our approach on an industrial case study, the PRICO® natural gas liquefaction process. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3778–3789, 2017
Wearable Heart Rate Monitor Technology Accuracy in Research: A Comparative Study Between PPG and ECG Technology

Wearable heart rate (HR) monitors typically implement photoplethysmography (PPG) technology and are used in research as an alternative to electrocardiogram (ECG). However, questions surrounding the...
Urban Despair and Nietzsche's "Eternal Return": From the Municipal Rhetoric of Economic Justice to the International Law of Economic Rights

Urban poverty has had a devastating impact, especially on African Americans in the United States, who have been illserved by the rhetoric of opportunity. In this Article, the author argues that economic rights must be recognized as rights if the urban poor are even to dream of economic justice. The author uses the writings of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche to explain how the past can be reclaimed. Urban poverty must be understood in an historical context. Limiting *Copyright 1995, Barbara Stark. Associate Professor, University of Tennessee College of Law. B.A. Cornell; J.D. New York University; LL.M. Columbia. Thanks to Fran Ansley, Dwight Aarons, Judy Cornett, Tom Davies, Patrick Hardin, and Dean Rivkin for their thoughtful comments, to Milton Klein for historical reference materials, and to Werner Dannhauser for an unforgettable introduction to Nietzsche. I also gratefully acknowledge the helpful research of Susanne Bales, Ruth Buch, Philip Burnett, and Evelyn Stark, the diligent secretarial assistance of Katrina Bowman, and the generous support of the University of Tennessee, the College of Law, the Lewis, King, Kreig & Waldrop Fund, and the Carden Research
Graphite Intercalation Compounds-General Properties

Graphite intercalation compounds are formed by the insertion of atomic or molecular layers of a different chemical species between layers in a graphite host material. The intercalation process occurs in highly anisotropic layered structures where the intraplanar binding forces are large in comparison with the inter-planar binding forces. Some examples of host materials for intercalation compounds are graphite, transition metal dichalcogenides, some silicates, and metal chlorides. Of the various types of intercalation compounds, the graphite compounds are of particular physical interest because of their high degree of structural ordering. Most celebrated among the ordering characteristics of the graphite intercalation compounds is the staging phenomenon, whereby the intercalate layers are periodically arranged in the matrix of graphite layers and are characterized by a stage index n, denoting the number of graphite layers between adjacent intercalation layers, as is illustrated in Fig. 1. This staging phenomenon occurs for all graphite intercalation compounds even in very dilute concentrations (n ∿ 10).
Chapter 36 Laboratory evaluation of autonomic function

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the autonomic function tests that are required to fulfill the requirements of the currently available CPT codes on the tests of autonomic function. The main reason for referring patients for autonomic evaluation is the suspicion of generalized autonomic failure. These are due to multiple system atrophy (MSA), pure autonomic failure (PAP), and the autonomic neuropathies. The most common autonomic neuropathies are diabetic autonomic neuropathy, amyloid neuropathy, Sjogren's syndrome, and the subacute autoimmune autonomic neuropathies. The aims of autonomic function tests are to detect the presence of autonomic failure, quantitate its severity, evaluate its distribution (sudomotor, adrenergic, and cardiovagal), and attempt to determine the site of the autonomic lesion. There are a number of tests that have been well-validated and provide an evaluation of a sufficient number of autonomic systems. These tests include quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) distribution, heart rate (HR) response to deep breathing, Valsalva ratio (VR), beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) and HR responses to the Valsalva maneuver, and beat-to-beat BP responses to tilt.
Online Child’s Health Assessment Tool for Obesity Prevention Programming

To optimize public health in the next decade, prevention of childhood obesity will remain a central focus. To impact behavioral change, data must be linked to continuous quality improvements within existing nutrition and physical activity programming. The Children, Youth, and Families At-Risk Professional Development and Technical Assistance Center has developed a picture-based, online survey tool, the CYFAR Health Assessment Tool (CHAT), to assess health behaviors in youth ages 6 to18 years of age. Used for continuous program improvement, aggregate data results are coupled with tailored health recommendations in 4 domains (behavior and environmental modifications, education, and direct strategies) and evidence-informed resources for dissemination to youth and parents. Program implementers use the data and resources for targeted programmatic improvements that more effectively promote health and well-being. CHAT also informs our collective understanding of youth’s perceptions of health in comparison to their actual behaviors.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: A Catalytic Receptor with Many Faces

The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor is a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase. The pathogenesis of several cancers is closely related to aberrant forms of ALK or aberrant ALK expression, including ALK fusion proteins, ALK-activated point mutations, and ALK amplification. Clinical applications of different ALK inhibitors represent significant progress in targeted therapy. Knowledge of different aspects of ALK biology can provide significant information to further the understanding of this receptor tyrosine kinase. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize different features of ALK. We also summarize some recent research advances on ALK fusion proteins in cancers.
World Trade Organization membership and changes in noncommunicable disease risk factors: a comparative interrupted time-series analysis, 1980-2013.

Objective To investigate the relationship between joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the availability of several commodities with both harmful and protective effects for the development of noncommunicable diseases. Methods We used a natural experiment design to compare trends in the domestic supply of tobacco, alcohol and seven food groups, between 1980 and 2013, in 21 countries or territories joining WTO after 1995 and 26 non-member countries, using propensity score weights. We applied a comparative interrupted time-series framework, by using multivariate random-effects linear models, adjusted for gross domestic product per capita, the percentages of urban population and female labour force participation. In the tobacco model, we controlled for Member States that had ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and in the alcohol model, the percentage of the population identifying themselves as Muslim. Findings Following accession to WTO, member states experienced immediate increases in the domestic supply of fruits and vegetables of 55 g per person per day on average, compared to non-member countries. The analysis showed gradual increases in the geometric mean of the supply of tobacco and alcohol of 6.2% and 3.6% per year, respectively. We did not detect any significant changes in the availability of red meats and animal fats; seafood; nuts, seeds and legumes; starches; or edible oils; and results for sugars were inconsistent across model variations. Conclusion The results suggest that WTO membership may lead to increases in both harmful and protective factors for noncommunicable disease, but further exploration of country-specific variation is warranted.
Adapting Evidence-Based Psychotherapies While Maintaining Fidelity

Extensive resources have been devoted to implementing evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) to facilitate the best available treatments to clients. Yet, when treatment settings or client characteristics do not align with the contexts in which an EBP was developed and tested, adaptations may be indicated. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the adaptation literature and highlight key issues, using Cognitive Processing Therapy as an example throughout the paper. Informed by the literature to date, we use Stirman and colleagues’ Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications (FRAME) to organize current thinking and provide a guide for conceptualizing different types of adaptations. Broadly, we discuss (1) why adapt, (2) goals of the adaptation, (3) who is involved in the adaptation process, (4) when to adapt, (5) forms of adaptation, and (6) measurement and evaluation. As effective interventions for PTSD are developed and identified, implementation in routine care settings will increase access for underserved populations, who may not have been well-represented in the research that originally established efficacy or effectiveness of the EBP. However, a careful process of EBP adaptation, informed by theory, research, and program-level evaluation, can result in successful implementation. Stakeholder-informed, carefully-evaluated adaptation can allow more individuals to benefit from treatment.
Discovery of the type collection of Arabis nuda Bél. (Brassicaceae)

Arabis nuda Bel., known for more than 160 years as Drabopsis verna K.Koch and more recently as Draba nuda (Bel.) Al-Shehbaz & M.Koch, was based on an illustration unaccompanied by a text and until now has been assumed to be the type, though the name has never been typified. The discovery of a specimen in the herbarium of Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (P05413412), on which that original illustration was based, led to designating that specimen herein as the lectotype.
Pixel level smoke detection model with deep neural network

Traditional analysis of smoke extent from satellite imagery relies largely on spectral analysis using multispectral data thereby requiring large data volumes or subjective and time-consuming evaluation. These methods are not scalable to observing capabilities of the new generation of remote sensing platforms. We propose an automated, deep learning based detection model capable of identifying smoke plumes from shortwave reflectance for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R series of satellites. Hand-labelled, past instances of smoke plumes from the NOAA Hazard Mapping System, quality controlled for spatiotemporal accuracy by a subject matter expert, comprises the reference truth dataset. The detection pipeline comprises of pre-process, detection, and post-process stages. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), trained on smoke events with varying optical thicknesses and sun-satellite viewing geometry is used to predict the probability score for a given pixel containing smoke. The model is able to detect smoke over both low and high reflectance surfaces and discriminate smoke from clouds though challenges remain in identifying optically thin smoke. Finally, we discuss a web-based interface to visualize daily smoke prediction and analyze the predictions over time.
Evaluating the Impact of an Interprofessional Course: Comparing Faculty and Student Attitudes

INTRODUCTION Many health professions’ accrediting agencies require interprofessional training for students, yet impact of faculty attitudes toward interprofessional education (IPE) is unclear. The objectives of this study were to compare faculty and student attitudes toward working in interprofessional healthcare teams before and after taking an interprofessional course (IPC) and to assess and compare attitudes of faculty directly involved with IPE to those who are not. METHODS The Attitudes toward Healthcare Teams Scale (ATHCTS) was selected to test the objectives. Fulltime faculty at the College of Health Professions (CHP) were invited to complete the ATHCTS assessment. In addition, all first-year health professions students’ pre- and post-IPC assessment scores were collected during the mandatory introductory IPC. RESULTS Responses were collected from 428 students and 68 faculty members for response rates of 97% and 47% respectively. Students’ reported more positive attitudes after the IPC class ended (M = 4.19) compared to before the class began (M = 3.95) p < .001. Findings also showed that students reported slightly more positive attitudes towards interprofessional teams compared to faculty post IPC (p = .02). CONCLUSION Findings suggest faculty attitudes are positive whether directly involved in IPE or not. Institutions implementing IPE may gain insight for planning and recruitment by assessing the climate among faculty to have the greatest impact on their students.
Age of information in wireless networks: from theory to implementation

Emerging applications, such as smart factories and fleets of drones, increasingly rely on sharing time-sensitive information for monitoring and control. In such application domains, it is essential to keep information fresh, as outdated information loses its value and can lead to system failures and safety risks. The Age of Information (AoI) is a performance metric that captures how fresh the information is from the perspective of the destination. In this paper, we show that as the congestion in the wireless network increases, the AoI degrades sharply, leading to outdated information at the destination. Leveraging years of theoretical research, we propose and implement WiFresh: an unconventional architecture that achieves near optimal information freshness in wireless networks, regardless of the level of congestion. Our experimental results show that WiFresh can improve information freshness by two orders of magnitude when compared to an equivalent standard WiFi network.
Local principal differential analysis: Graphical methods for functional data with covariates

ABSTRACTWe focus on principal differential analysis (PDA) of functional data for obtaining a low-dimensional representation of a collection of curves. PDA assumes there exists a linear differential operator that results in the zero-function when it is applied to each of the data curves, or equivalently, that the curves belong to a low-dimensional subspace of a normed linear space. PDA sets out to estimate this linear differential operator from the data and proceeds from there. Our contribution is to explain how subject covariates can be incorporated into a PDA analysis for graphical exploration of patterns in the data.