cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast MCMC estimation of multiple W-matrix spatial regression models and Metropolis–Hastings Monte Carlo log-marginal likelihoods

A strategy for MCMC estimation of a family of models involving multiple simultaneous dependence parameters is set forth that is capable of producing rapid estimates for problems involving a large number of observations. Simultaneous dependence parameters arise when dependence exists between dependent variable observations, with spatial and cross-sectional dependence being specific examples. The approach taken is to express the joint conditional distribution of the dependence parameters as a quadratic form, where the dependence parameters are outer vectors of the quadratic form and the inner matrix expressions of the quadratic form involve only sample data that allow these to be pre-calculated. During MCMC estimation, multiple evaluations of the joint conditional distribution of the dependence parameters can be carried out rapidly, allowing a block-sampling scheme. Block sampling of the dependence parameters is useful for imposing stability restrictions that arise for these parameters. In addition, a Taylor series approximation to the log-determinant expression that arises in the joint conditional distribution for the dependence parameters can be used to rapidly evaluate this term. The joint conditional distribution for the dependence parameters is obtained by analytically integrating out other model parameters, allowing Monte Carlo integration of the log-marginal likelihood, which can be used for model comparison. Timing results are discussed along with Monte Carlo evidence regarding performance as well as applied illustrations involving large sample sizes.
ASSOCIATION OF GENETIC RISK SCORES FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA WITH LYMPHOBLAST AND CORTICAL GENE EXPRESSION NETWORKS

Background Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with complex etiology. Genetic risk scores provide an index of an individual's liability for schizophrenia, and may shed light on its biological underpinnings. Methods We investigated the association of genetic risk scores for schizophrenia using transcriptomic and genome-wide genotyping data from Lymphoblastoid Cells (LCLs) and postmortem brain. We removed the major histocompatibility region from our data and calculated genetic risk scores using linkage-independent risk markers for schizophrenia. Linear models were used to test the association of diagnosis or genetic risk scores with expression levels of gene networks in LCLs and brain, in addition to exon networks derived from brain. We specified covariates in our regression models to control for population stratification along with biological and technical variation. Results We identified gene networks whose expression was significantly associated with schizophrenia genetic risk scores in LCLs and brain. Pathways involving cell growth, apoptosis, and immunity were enriched in modules of interest, in addition to astrocyte-specific markers. Discussion Converging evidence shows that schizophrenia polygenes represent multiple biological pathways and processes. We identified relationships between schizophrenia polygenes and the expression of genes in pathways related to cell development and immunity, which recapitulates evidence from genetic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and epidemiologic studies. Despite practical limitations, our study provides key insights into the role of schizophrenia polygenes in gene expression and splicing regulation.
Is There an Association Between Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) and Autoimmune Disease?

BACKGROUND Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a drug-induced, immunoglobulin G medicated autoimmune disorder associated with several negative clinical outcomes including increased morbidity, mortality, and increased medical costs. Previous studies have shown associations between comorbid autoimmune diseases, but there is little known about associations between HIT and autoimmunity. PURPOSE To provide clinical data to suggest an association between HIT and autoimmunity. METHODS Retrospective chart review of 59 cases with a diagnosis of HIT and 251 matched controls without a HIT diagnosis, comparing the prevalence of autoimmunity in each group. SETTING A single, large upper Midwest health care system. RESULTS Patients with a diagnosis of HIT were significantly more likely to have a comorbid autoimmune disease than those without a HIT diagnosis (55.9% vs 10.8%, P < 0.001). In disease-specific analyses, patients with a diagnosis of HIT were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (15.3% vs 0.0%, P < 0.001), systemic lupus erythematous (8.5% vs 0.4%, P = 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (5.1% vs 0.0%, P = 0.007), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (13.6% vs 3.6%, P = 0.006), or nonischemic cardiomyopathy (5.1% vs 0.0%, P = 0.007). Patients diagnosed with HIT were significantly older than controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This novel study gives evidence to suggest an association between HIT and autoimmune disease and suggests a need for more research into the relationship between HIT and autoimmunity. These results could alter the anticoagulation management of venous thromboembolism and acute coronary syndrome in patients with a previously identified autoimmune disease.
The p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Facilitates TrkB Signaling and Function in Rat Hippocampal Neurons.

Neurotrophins activate Trk receptor signaling to support neuronal survival and many aspects of neuronal function. Early studies demonstrated that TrkA formed a complex with the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR ), which increased the affinity and selectivity of NGF binding, however, whether interaction of p75 NTR with other Trk receptors performs a similar function to enhance ligand binding has not been demonstrated. We investigated the interaction of TrkB with full length p75 NTR in hippocampal neurons in response to BDNF and found that the association of these receptors occurs after ligand binding and requires phosphorylation of TrkB, indicating that formation of this receptor complex was not necessary for ligand binding. Moreover, the interaction of these receptors required internalization and localization to early endosomes. We found that association of TrkB with p75 NTR was necessary for optimal downstream signaling of the PI3K-Akt pathway, but not the Erk pathway, in hippocampal neurons. The absence of p75 NTR impaired the ability of BDNF to rescue hippocampal neurons in a trophic deprivation model, suggesting that p75 NTR facilitates the ability of TrkB to activate specific pathways to promote neuronal survival.
A inclusão no ensino superior a partir da perspectiva do sujeito

RESUMO Este artigo versa sobre o tema da inclusao no ensino superior. Seu objetivo consiste em suscitar um debate referente a autonomia e acessibilidade de estudantes inclusivos de uma universidade da regiao metropolitana de Porto Alegre, a partir da perspectiva do educando. Para tal, realizamos um estudo de caso, de cunho qualitativo, apoiado em uma revisao de literatura. Alem disso aplicamos um questionario a estudantes com deficiencia da instituicao pesquisada. Os resultados desta revisao apontam para: a) a importância do acompanhamento do aluno incluso; b) os materiais e recursos devem ser adaptados as necessidades de cada estudante; c) a educacao inclusiva deve preparar o educando para o mercado de trabalho. Como consideracoes finais, indicamos que a educacao inclusiva e aquela que promove o desenvolvimento pleno do estudante e nao possibilita apenas o convivio social. Palavras-chave : Educacao inclusiva; Ensino superior; Formacao do estudante com deficiencia. ABSTRACT This article deals with the topic of inclusion in higher education. Its objective is to raise a debate regarding the autonomy and accessibility of inclusive students of a university in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, from the perspective of the student. For that purpose, we conducted a qualitative case study, supported by a literature review. In addition, we applied a questionnaire to students with disabilities of the researched institution. The results of this review point to: a) the importance of accompanying the student; b) the materials and resources must be adapted to the needs of each student; c) inclusive education should prepare the student for the job market. As final considerations, we indicate that inclusive education is one that promotes the full development of the student and not only enables social interaction. Keywords : Inclusive education; Higher education; Training of students with disabilities. RESUMEN Este articulo versa sobre el tema de la inclusion en la ensenanza superior. Su objetivo consiste en suscitar un debate referente a la autonomia y accesibilidad de estudiantes con discapacidades de una universidad de la region metropolitana de Porto Alegre, a partir de la perspectiva del estudiante. Para ello, realizamos un estudio de caso, de tipo cualitativo, apoyado en una revision de literatura. Ademas, aplicamos un cuestionario a estudiantes con discapacidades de la institucion investigada. Los resultados de esta revision senalan a: a) la importancia del acompanamiento del alumno inclusivo; b) los materiales y recursos se deben adaptar a las necesidades de cada estudiante; c) la educacion inclusiva debe preparar al estudiante para el mercado laboral. Concluimos que la educacion inclusiva es aquella que promueve el pleno desarrollo del estudiante y no posibilita solo el convivo social. Palabras-clave : Educacion inclusiva; Ensenanza superior; Formacion del estudiante con discapacidades. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v14i33.1574
Radiation-induced tissue damage and response

Normal tissue responses to ionizing radiation have been a major subject for study since the discovery of X-rays at the end of the 19th century. Shortly thereafter, time-dose relationships were established for some normal tissue endpoints that led to investigations into how the size of dose per fraction and the quality of radiation affected outcome. The assessment of the radiosensitivity of bone marrow stem cells using colony-forming assays by Till and McCulloch prompted the establishment of in situ clonogenic assays for other tissues that added to the radiobiology toolbox. These clonogenic and functional endpoints enabled mathematical modeling to be performed that elucidated how tissue structure, and in particular turnover time, impacted clinically relevant fractionated radiation schedules. More recently, lineage tracing technology, advanced imaging and single cell sequencing have shed further light on the behavior of cells within stem, and other, cellular compartments, both in homeostasis and after radiation damage. The discovery of heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment and plasticity in response to injury have added new dimensions to the consideration of radiation-induced tissue damage. Clinically, radiobiology of the 20th century garnered wisdom relevant to photon treatments delivered to a fairly wide field at around 2 Gy per fraction, 5 days per week, for 5-7 weeks. Recently, the scope of radiobiology has been extended by advances in technology, imaging and computing, as well as by the use of charged particles. These allow radiation to be delivered more precisely to tumors while minimizing the amount of normal tissue receiving high doses. One result has been an increase in the use of schedules with higher doses per fraction given in a shorter time frame (hypofractionation). We are unable to cover these new technologies in detail in this review, just as we must omit low-dose stochastic effects, and many aspects of dose, dose rate and radiation quality. We argue that structural diversity and plasticity within tissue compartments provides a general context for discussion of most radiation responses, while acknowledging many omissions. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
64Gbps PAM4 Modulation for a Low Energy Si-Ge Waveguide APD with Distributed Bragg Reflectors

We demonstrate a low-voltage waveguide Si-Ge APD that integrates a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Quantum efficiency has been improved from 60% to 90% at 1550nm while still achieving a 25GHz bandwidth. The device under 64Gbps PAM4 modulation showed 30% increase in OMA, which enables 1.2dB improvement in receiver sensitivity.
Chapter 9 – A Geographical Perspective on Germination Ecology: Tropical and Subtropical Zones

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates what is known about the germination ecology of plants growing in various types of vegetation throughout the world. To facilitate organization of the mass of literature, classification system of the vegetation zones has been adopted as a general outline. Vegetation is divided into two broad categories, such as tropical and subtropical zones, and next, temperate and arctic zones. This chapter discusses the germination ecology of plants in tropical and subtropical zones, whereas chapter 10 deals with the species in temperate and arctic zones. The germination ecology of plants in each of these four vegetation zones, as well as that of species on tropical mountains is covered. For each type of vegetation, a detailed discussion along with a summary on the germination of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbaceous species is made available. Weeds are also considered, and attention is given to special biotic and abiotic factors influencing germination. Although environmental conditions associated with shade on the forest floor are required for the germination of some seeds, these conditions may be favorable for the growth of seedlings and juveniles. Many canopy, as well as emergent, tree species require a gap in the canopy, and thus, an increase in light, before young individuals can grow to maturity.
Cytogenomic Abnormalities in 19 Cases of Salivary Gland Tumors of Parotid Gland Origin.

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) of parotid origin are a group of diverse neoplasms which are difficult to classify due to their rarity and similar morphologic patterns. Chromosome analysis can detect clonal abnormalities, and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis can define copy number alterations (CNAs) from tumor specimens. Of the 19 cases of various types of SGTs submitted for cytogenomic analyses, an abnormal clone was detected in nine cases (47%), and CNAs were detected in 14 cases (74%). Recurrent rearrangements involving the PLAG1 gene at 8q12, recurrent CNAs including deletions of 6q, 9p (CDKN2A), and 17p (TP53), loss of Y chromosome, and gain of chromosome 7 were defined from these cases. Combined karyotyping and aCGH analyses could improve diagnostic yield. Future study for more precisive correlation of SGT classification with cytogenomic abnormalities will facilitate better diagnosis and treatment.
Formal Analysis of ReBAC Policy Mining Feasibility

Relationship-Based Access Control (ReBAC) expresses authorization in terms of various direct and indirect relationships amongst entities, most commonly between users. The need for ReBAC policy mining arises when an existing access control system is reformulated in ReBAC. This paper considers the feasibility of ReBAC policy mining in context of user to user authorization, such as arises in various social and business contexts. In accordance with the policy mining literature, we assume that complete data is provided regarding user to user authorizations for a given user set, along with complete relationship data amongst these users comprising a labeled relationship graph. A ReBAC policy language is also specified. ReBAC policy mining seeks to formulate a ReBAC policy with the given policy language and relationship graph, which is exactly equivalent to the given authorizations. ReBAC policy mining feasibility problem asks whether such a policy exists and if so to provide the policy. We investigate this problem in context of different ReBAC policy languages which differ in the relationships, inverse relationships and non-relationships that can be used to build the policy. We develop a feasibility detection algorithm and analyze its complexity. We show that our policy languages are progressively more expressive as we introduce additional capability. In case of infeasibility, various solution approaches are discussed.
Quantitative Acoustic Emission and the Fracture of Concrete

The fracture behavior of concrete is often attributed to a fracture process zone. This fracture process zone manifests itself in the the form of nonlinear stress-strain behavior, post peak strain softening, size effect, and numerous toughening mechanisms. Features of the fracture process zone include arrays of microcracks, aggregate interlocking, crack bridging, and grain boundary sliding friction. From a material modeling standpoint, properties of the fracture process zone must be known in order to accurately predict the response of the material to stress. Since the fracture process zone characteristics are critical to material properties, a better understanding of those characteristics will lead to a better understanding of overall performance.
On Perception and Autonomy Considered through the Phenomenological Understanding of Emotion Described by Kym Maclaren

Female philosopher Kym Maclaren, in her article, “Emotional Metamorphoses: The Role of Others in Becoming a Subject,” explores a phenomenological view on emotion as being-in-the-world as well as the ethical implications of understanding emotion in opposition to the moralistic view. In the first part of this paper, I provide an exegetical assessment of Maclaren’s thesis; in the second I introduce a critique of Maclaren’s argument and argue a claim of my own which explores perception and autonomy in the human body along with its implications in the context of Maclaren’s phenomenological account of emotion. I discuss the necessity of both emotion and reason in morality and argue that the traditional definition of autonomy is not plausible when considered through Maclaren’s phenomenological view of emotion. Finally, I work to creatively explore a new definition of autonomy that does cohere with this view. In her article, “Emotional Metamorphoses: The Role of Others in Becoming a Subject,” Kym Maclaren explores a phenomenological view of emotion as being-in-the-world as well as the ethical implications of understanding emotion in opposition to the conventional moralistic view. She introduces three premises: that emotion is “the experience of a tension within reality which brings into question our place within reality;” that expressions of emotion are displays of an individual’s attempts to make sense of her reality with the limited existential resources he possesses; and that others play an essential role in both the ruling out and lending of existential resources with which one can make sense of the world. Maclaren concludes that, “emotion is not opposed to reason, but is rather an essential element of our rational development toward 1 Kym Maclaren, “Emotional Metamorphoses: The Role of Other in Becoming a Subject,” Embodiment and Agency eds. Sue Campbell, Meynell and Sherwin (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009), 42. Res Cogitans (2015) 6 Grimm | 172 2155-4838 | commons.pacificu.edu/rescogitans autonomous ways of being.” She ultimately proposes that the moralistic attitude is fundamentally dismissive of other’s emotional struggles and may therefore prove harmful to the development of an individual as a subject. This discussion serves to persuade readers into considering a phenomenological view of emotion, particularly in the treatment of other’s expressions of emotion. In the first part of this essay, I provide an exegetical assessment of Maclaren’s thesis; in the second I introduce a critique of Maclaren’s argument and argue a claim of my own which explores perception and autonomy in the human body along with its implications in the context of Maclaren’s phenomenological account of emotion. I discuss the necessity of both emotion and reason in morality and argue that the traditional definition of autonomy is not plausible when considered through Maclaren’s phenomenological view of emotion.
Forest Sustainability and the Social Context: Applying the Montreal Process Criteria and Indicators

Criteria and indicators (C&I) are increasingly being used to gauge sustainability in various contexts. The common approach is to arrange a set of indicators under several overarching criteria, usually spanning ecological, social, and economic dimensions. In this way, social and economic elements are explicitly recognized as crucial to the challenge of assuring sustainability. In theory, after populating the indicators with appropriate information, the C&I set is then evaluated relative to established benchmarks for each indicator. In practice, however, the task of setting agreed upon benchmarks is often set aside owing to a lack of consensus or conceptual difficulties in deriving a quantified measure of sustainability within the context of a single indicator or set of indicators. These difficulties can be especially pronounced in the case of socioeconomic measures where a high degree of dynamism and a confusion between sustainable outcomes and desired outcomes can predominate. In these cases, the C&I can serve as an input to broader public debate about sustainability, falling short of the explicit determination of sustainability for which the C&I may have been designed but still serving a valuable function through its ability to organize and communicate vital information in an interdisciplinary context.
Microwave optical double resonance of NO2 with a tunable cw dye laser: Spin-rotation and hyperfine interactions in the 2B2 excited electronic state

Abstract Various spin and hyperfine components of the 6 16 → 7 07 microwave transition in the 2 B 2 electronic excited state were observed by microwave optical double-resonance spectroscopy using a tunable cw dye laser near 593 nm. Spin splittings and the hyperfine structure of two levels were precisely determined. Spin-rotation and hyperfine interactions in the 2 B 2 state are discussed using these and the previously reported results on the 8 18 → 9 09 transition. From the hyperfine splittings of the K a = 0, N = 7 and 9 levels, a value for the Fermi contact interaction constant, (0) I , of ∼50 MHz was determined.
Olfactory marker protein modulates the cAMP kinetics of the odour-induced response in cilia of mouse olfactory receptor neurons

Olfactory marker protein (OMP), a phylogenetically conserved protein, is highly, and almost exclusively, expressed in vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Although OMP is widely used as a marker for ORNs, its function has remained largely elusive. Here we used suction-pipette recordings from isolated ORNs of OMP−/− mice to investigate its role in olfactory transduction. Vertebrate olfactory transduction is initiated when odourants bind to receptor proteins to activate an adenylyl cyclase via a G protein-coupled signalling pathway. This leads to an increase in cAMP and the opening of a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG), non-selective cation channel which depolarizes the cells. Ca2+ influx through the CNG channel in turn activates a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel, causing a Cl− efflux and further depolarization. In the absence of OMP, the time-to-transient-peak of the response, the latency to first spike, and the response termination were slowed 2- to 8-fold, indicating its role in regulating olfactory response kinetics and termination. This phenotype persisted in OMP−/− ORNs even in low external Ca2+ solution chosen to prevent Cl− channel activation, suggesting OMP acts upstream of Cl− channel activation. Furthermore, the response kinetics in cilia are virtually indistinguishable between OMP−/− and wild-type ORNs when intracellular cAMP level was elevated by the phospho-diesterase inhibitor, IBMX, suggesting OMP acts upstream of cAMP production. Together, our results suggest a role for OMP in regulating the kinetics and termination of olfactory responses, implicating a novel mechanism for fast and robust response termination to ensure the temporal resolution of the odour stimulus. These observations also help explain the deficits in odour detection threshold and odour quality discrimination seen in the OMP−/− mice.
Galvanic corrosion study of container materials using zero resistance ammeter

Galvanic corrosion behavior of A 516 steel separately coupled to six different corrosion-resistant alloys was investigated in an acidic brine (pHa2.70) at 30{degree}C 60{degree}C and 80{degree}C using zero resistance ammeter technique. The corrosion-resistant alloys include Alloys 825, G-3, G-30, C-4 and C-22; and Ti Grade-12, which were coupled to A 516 steel at an anode-to- cathode area ratio of one. The galvanic current and galvanic potential were measured as a function of time at all three temperatures. Optical microscopic examination was also performed on all tested specimens to evaluate the extent of surface degradation due to galvanic coupling. The overall results are presented in this paper.
Automotive control design bug-finding with the S-TaLiRo tool

One of the important challenges in the Model Based Development (MBD) of automotive systems is the problem of verifying functional system properties. In its general form, the verification problem is undecidable due to the interplay between continuous and discrete system dynamics [1]. In this tutorial, we present the bounded-time temporal logic testing and verification problem for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) [2]. Temporal logics [3] can formally capture both state-space and real-time system requirements. For example, temporal logics can mathematically state requirements like “whenever the system switches to first gear, then it should not switch to second gear within 2.5 sec”. Our approach in tackling this challenging problem is to convert the verification problem into an optimization problem through a notion of robustness for temporal logics [4]. The robust interpretation of a temporal logic specification over a system trajectory quantifies “how much” the system trajectory satisfies or does not satisfy the specification. In general, the resulting optimization problem is non-convex and non-linear, the utility function is not known in closed-form and the search space is uncountable. Thus, stochastic search techniques are employed in order to solve the resulting optimization problem. We have implemented our testing and verification framework into a MATLAB (TM) toolbox called S-TaLiRo (System's TemporAl LogIc Robustness) [5], [6]. In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how S-TaLiRo can provide answers to challenge problems from the automotive industry [7]–[10].
Invasive fungal dermatitis in the ≤1000-gram neonate

Objective. In 1991, we noted the emergence amongst our extremely low birth weight neonates of a new clinical entity, invasive fungal dermatitis, characterized by erosive, crusting lesions and a high rate of subsequent systemic fungal infection. We sought to define this condition and examine potential risk factors. Methods. Sixteen neonates with invasive fungal dermatitis were seen during a 2-year period in three Baylor College of Medicine affiliated intensive care nurseries. Seven were confirmed cases, with skin biopsy evidence of invasion beyond the stratum corneum. Nine had a consistent clinical course and a positive potassium hydroxide examination of skin scrapings or isolation of fungi from skin or systemic cultures. Three controls were matched to each case by hospital, date of admission, and birth weight. Data was collected by retrospective chart review. Results. Invasive fungal dermatitis occurred in 5.9% of at-risk infants. Case patients had a mean birth weight of 635 g and developed skin lesions at a mean age of 9 days (range, 6 to 14). Candida albicans was the most commonly implicated pathogen, but other Candida species, Aspergillus, Trichosporon beigelii, and Curvularia were also seen. Disseminated infection occurred in 69%, all due to Candida sp. Case patients were significantly more premature than controls (mean gestation, 24.4 vs 25.9 weeks) and were more likely to be delivered vaginally (81% vs 50%). Postnatal steroids were administered to cases (81%) more often than controls (46%). Case patients had more prolonged hyperglycemia (as assessed by insulin administration) than controls (mean 4.3 vs 2.0 days). Conclusions. Invasive fungal dermatitis is a disease of the smallest, most immature neonates and is associated with vaginal birth, steroid administration, and hyperglycemia. We speculate that the skin serves as a portal of entry for colonizing fungal species and may thus lead to disseminated infection. Methods to improve skin barrier function may be useful in preventing this disorder
Arbitration and Inalienability: A Critique of the Vindication of Rights Doctrine

Courts and scholars have long struggled to harmonize the Federal Arbitration Act and other federal statutes. Currently, judges invalidate arbitration clauses that prevent a plaintiff from vindicating her public law rights. This principle, the vindication of rights doctrine, is an arbitration-specific application of the statutory waiver rule: the idea that parties cannot prospectively waive congressionally-created entitlements. However, because the policy basis of the statutory waiver rule has never been clear, jurisdictions disagree about how to implement the vindication of rights doctrine. In this contribution to the Kansas Law Review’s Perspectives on the Current State of Arbitration Law Symposium, I seek to understand the statutory waiver rule and the vindication of rights doctrine by situating them within a larger context: the debate over inalienability. Infants, sexual services, body parts, and basic civic duties cannot be exchanged for consideration. I consider whether common justifications for these fissures in the market — concern about information failures, externalities, and commodification — can explain why future federal statutory claims are immune from freedom of contract. I conclude that, to some degree, each rationale for inalienability also underlies the statutory waiver rule and the vindication of rights doctrine. Nevertheless, I argue that these principles are best explained as an attempt to preserve the distinctive qualities of congressional lawmaking in an era where private parties exercise legislative-like power. I claim that courts can further this goal by nullifying one-sided arbitration clauses that do not serve arbitration-related purposes and thus are blatant attempts to rewrite the public laws.
PANDAS: The Need to Use Definitive Diagnostic Criteria.

In Response to: Helm CE, Blackwood RA. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS): Experience at a tertiary referral center. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov. 2015; 5. doi: 10.7916/D8348JCX
Heaven and Earth-The Relation of the Nebular Hypothesis to Geology

One of the main concerns of the geologist has always been to interpret the history of the Earth. Prior to the nineteenth century, earth scientists generally believed that such a history would go back to the creation of the planet. By the early nineteenth century, however, most geologists admitted that the nature of their science did not allow for considerations of planetary origin. The topic, as a scientific problem, passed into the realms of physics and astronomy. Consequently, it would seem, the influences which theories of planetary origin might exert on geological thought appears to have also passed from the concern of historians of geology. The result has been some serious misunderstandings with regard to the geology of the nineteenth century. Even though most geologists did not hypothesize on the origins of the Earth, their work was, nevertheless, significantly affected by such considerations; a misunderstanding of this point leads to a distorted view of nineteenth-century geological theory. Though the geologist himself could not treat of the origin of the Earth, he was free to utilize what the physicist and the astronomer believed could be proven, just as he always accepted from the physicist and chemist his knowledge of the immanent properties of matter. In point of fact, the character of much of nineteenth-century geological thought was determined by two factors: (1) the explanation of the Earth’s origin accepted by most astronomers, and (2) the geophysical processes most physicists believed had to follow from such an origin. An understanding of nineteenth-century geology is not possible without a comprehension of this relation to physics and astronomy.
Cultural, Media, and Peer Influences on Body Beauty Perceptions of Mexican American Adolescent Girls:

Social and cultural values are believed to play a role in the types of bodies that adolescent girls consider beautiful and desirable. In this article, the authors analyzed qualitative interviews fr...
SPICE temperature modeling for VLSI design using the level-4 model

Complete VLSI (very large scale integration) circuit simulation requires accurate temperature modeling. A modeling methodology using the sensitive parameter subset concept is proposed to provide accurate and efficient prediction of temperature effects for the SPICE level-4 model. A model parameter subset that has large effects on the transistor output characteristics is identified through a sensitivity analysis. Circuit simulation using this approach has shown good agreement with experimental data on device characteristics and the performance of several digital and analog circuits. >
Fuzzy Decision Analysis in Negotiation between the System of Systems Agent and the System Agent in an Agent-Based Model

Previous papers have described a computational approach to System of Systems (SoS) development using an Agent-Based Model (ABM). This paper describes the Fuzzy Decision Analysis used in the negotiation between the SoS agent and a System agent in the ABM of an Acknowledged SoS development. An Acknowledged SoS has by definition a limited influence on the development of the individual Systems. The individual Systems have their own priorities, pressures, and agenda which may or may not align with the goals of the SoS. The SoS has some funding and deadlines which can be used to negotiate with the individual System in order to illicit the required capability from that System. The Fuzzy Decision Analysis determines how the SoS agent will adjust the funding and deadlines for each of the Systems in order to achieve the desired SoS architecture quality. The Fuzzy Decision Analysis has inputs of performance, funding, and deadlines as well as weights for each capability. The performance, funding, and deadlines are crisp values which are fuzzified. The fuzzified values are then used with a Fuzzy Inference Engine to get the fuzzy outputs of funding adjustment and deadline adjustment which must then be defuzzified before being passed to the System agent.
Spatio-Spectral Mixed-Effects Model for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

The goal of this article is to model cognitive control related activation among predefined regions of interest (ROIs) of the human brain while properly adjusting for the underlying spatio-temporal correlations. Standard approaches to fMRI analysis do not simultaneously take into account both the spatial and temporal correlations that are prevalent in fMRI data. This is primarily due to the computational complexity of estimating the spatio-temporal covariance matrix. More specifically, they do not take into account multiscale spatial correlation (between-ROIs and within-ROI). To address these limitations, we propose a spatio-spectral mixed-effects model. Working in the spectral domain simplifies the temporal covariance structure because the Fourier coefficients are approximately uncorrelated across frequencies. Additionally, by incorporating voxel-specific and ROI-specific random effects, the model is able to capture the multiscale spatial covariance structure: distance-dependent local correlation (within ...
Molecular phylogeny of basal gobioid fishes: Rhyacichthyidae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Eleotridae (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei).

Morphological character analyses indicate that Rhyacichthyidae, Odontobutidae, Eleotridae, and Xenisthmidae are the basal families within the perciform suborder Gobioidei. This study uses DNA sequence data to infer the relationships of genera within these families, as well as determine the placement of more derived gobioids (family Gobiidae) and the identity of the outgroup to Gobioidei. Complete sequences of the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, COI, and cyt b genes (4397 base pairs) are analyzed for representatives of 27 gobioid genera and a variety of perciform and scorpaeniform outgroup candidates; the phylogeny is rooted with a beryciform as a distal outgroup. The single most parsimonious tree that results indicates that, of the outgroups sampled, the perciform family Apogonidae is most closely related to Gobioidei. Gobioidei is monophyletic, and Rhyacichthys aspro is the most basal taxon. The remainder of Gobioidei is resolved into clades corresponding to the families Odontobutidae (plus Milyeringa) and Eleotridae + Xenisthmidae + Gobiidae. Within Eleotridae, the subfamily Butinae (minus Milyeringa) is paraphyletic with respect to Gobiidae, and Eleotrinae is paraphyletic with respect to Xenisthmidae. Other than these groupings, the primary disagreement with the current morphology-based classification is that the molecular data indicate that the troglodytic Milyeringa should be placed in Odontobutidae, not Butinae, although support for this placement is weak. The most basal lineage of Gobioidei is known from the freshwaters of the Indo-Pacific, with marine-dwelling lineages arising several times independently in the group. The phylogeny also indicates that different gobioid lineages are distributed in Asia, Africa, Madagascar and the Neotropics. Five sister pairs of basal gobioid species inhabit Atlantic and Pacific drainages of Panama, with widely varying divergences.
ABJS/C.T. Brighton Workshop on Musculoskeletal Trauma in Developing Countries: Editorial Comment

Injuries are a neglected epidemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), accounting for 11% of the world’s disease burden in 2001, and ranking 11th in all causes for both mortality and morbidity [9]. Road traffic crashes are predicted to be the eighth leading cause of death, and the fourth leading cause of DALYs (disability adjusted life years) by 2030 [10]. Each year, many of the 20 to 50 million injury survivors are left with a permanent disability, most often related to the musculoskeletal system. The economic and social costs of injuries are profound, and undoubtedly contribute to the vicious cycle of poverty in many developing nations. Despite the weight of evidence of this huge burden, research concerning the prevention and treatment of injuries in LMICs has been underfunded, and limited resources have been allocated for strengthening the delivery of medical services for the injured, including surgical care. Providing universal access to safe, timely, and effective services for musculoskeletal injuries will require a multidisciplinary, multisectoral effort aimed at strengthening the health care system. Key stakeholders include governments and their ministries of health, orthopaedic surgeons and other health care providers (surgical, medical and nonmedical), economists, public health specialists, and various organizations (nongovernmental organizations, professional societies, academic institutions).
P214 Le coactivateur SRC-1, un nouvel intégrateur du métabolisme des acides aminés dans le foie, protège contre les désordres du catabolisme de la tyrosine (syndrome de Richner-Hanhart humain)

Introduction Longtemps ignoree, la perturbation du metabolisme des acides amines apparait desormais comme un element important a l’origine de maladies humaines majeures comme certains types de cancer ou bien de pathologies metaboliques comme le diabete de type 2. En effet, la voie de metabolisation de la glutamine est aujourd’hui reconnue comme une etape importante de la reprogrammation metabolique qui survient dans les cellules cancereuses. Aussi, l’etude de patients obeses a revele une « signature » metabolique propre a une categorie precise d’acides amines (valine, leucine/isoleucine) qui pourrait etre a l’origine du developpement de l’insulino-resistance associee a l’obesite. Nos travaux recents ont permis de montrer un role important joue par les coactivateurs SRC-1 et SRC-2 dans la production du glucose par le foie au cours du jeune. Materiels et methodes Afin d’etudier plus en detail l’action de ces coactivateurs plus particulierement dans l’homeostasie des acides amines, nous avons utilise une approche systematique moderne a grande echelle qu’est la « metabolomique ». Resultats Cette technique puissante a permis de montrer que le coactivateur SRC-1 etait un coordinateur important du metabolisme des acide amines dans le foie puisque son elimination genetique obtenue dans les souris KO entrainait une deregulation massive de l’homeostasie de ce type de metabolites in vivo. Une etude plus fine du fonctionnement de SRC-1, a permis d’identifier un role majeur de ce coactivateur en particulier dans le catabolisme de la tyrosine hepatique. En effet, SRC-1 controle un gene cle du metabolisme de cet acide amine qui est la tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) via notamment le recepteur nucleaire HNF4alpha et le facteur de transcription CREB. De plus, cet effet est majoritairement hepatique car la re-expression de SRC-1 dans les souris SRC-1 KO permet d’eliminer les defauts de tyrosinemie observes chez ces animaux. Par consequent, les souris SRC-1 KO presentent certaines caracteristiques de la tyrosinemie de type 2 humaine (syndrome de Richner-Hanhart), un trouble metabolique du metabolisme de la tyrosine qui emane d’une deficience de l’activite enzymatique de TAT. Conclusion Ces donnees recentes fournissent ainsi une meilleure comprehension de la pertinence des coregulateurs dans le metabolisme hepatique avec de potentielles implications dans le traitement clinique de certains desordres metaboliques chez l’homme.
Malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors: role of etoposide, cisplatin, and doxorubicin (EPA) chemotherapy.

Background Nearly 80% of patients with malignant uterine smooth muscle tumor will suffer local relapse and/or distant metastases after initial surgical resection. There is no convincing evidence that the addition of pelvic radiation improves the outcome. However, adjuvant chemotherapy might be an appropriate therapeutic modality. Methods Between 1986 and 1991, 13 consecutive patients with malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors were treated at Yale-New Haven Hospital with a combination chemotherapy containing etoposide 100 mg/M2 on days 1 and 2, cisplatin 50 mg/M2 on day 1, and doxorubicin 50 mg/M2 on day 1, repeated every 28 days. Six patients had Stage I disease, one patient had Stage III disease, and six patients had Stage IV disease. The number of cycles ranged from 2 to 9. Results The median follow-up was 30 months (range 4–81). The mean overall survival for the group was 43.1 ± 6.7 months, with the progression-free interval of 25.5 ± 8.0 months. Of the seven patients with evaluable disease, one patient had complete response and one had partial response (total response rate of 28.6%). Of the six patients treated adjuvantly, three recurred at 9, 33, and 59 months (recurrence rate of 50%). Conclusions We conclude that this combination has only modest activity against malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors at the schedule and doses tested. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Trends in mortality and recurrent coronary heart disease events after an acute myocardial infarction among Medicare beneficiaries, 2001-2009.

Background Few contemporary studies examine trends in recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) events and mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and whether these trends vary by race or sex. Methods We used data from the national 5% random sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries for 1999 to 2010. We included beneficiaries who experienced an AMI ( International Classification of Disease [ICD] 9 410.xx, except 410.x2) between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2009. Each beneficiary's first AMI was included as their index event. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, recurrent AMI, and recurrent CHD events during the 365days after discharge for the index AMI. To examine secular trends, we pooled calendar years into 3 periods (2001-2003, 2004-2006, and 2007-2009). Results Among 48,688 beneficiaries with index AMIs from 2001 to 2009, we observed decreases in the age-adjusted rates for mortality (−3.8% for each 3-year period, 95% CI −6.1% to −1.6%, P trend=.001), recurrent AMI (−15.0%, 95% CI −18.6% to −11.2%, P trend P trend Conclusions Despite overall favorable trends in lower mortality and recurrent events after AMI, efforts are needed to reduce racial disparities.
Photographic estimation of photosynthetically active radiation: evaluation of a computerized technique

We describe a computerized technique for the analysis of hemispherical photographs of sites within plant canopies. The analysis yields estimates of canopy openness, a summary of the spatial distribution of canopy openings, estimates of direct and diffuse site factors, predicted times and durations of sunflecks for any date, and predicted daily courses of photosynthetically active photon flux density (PFD) for any date and for horizontal as well as inclined surfaces. By comparing estimates from photographs with measured values in 32 tropical forest microsites, we evaluate this technique and assess its potential and limitations. In sites of widely varying light availability, and with predictions specific to leaves at various angles, measured daily PFD correlated strongly (r=0.908) with predictions from photographs. Measured daily PFD was also closely correlated with estimates, from the photographs, of diffuse and direct site factors (r>0.8). Differences between predictions and measurements were proportionately largest in heavily shaded sites. Under clear conditions, this technique reliably predicted both daily PFD and the temporal pattern of PFD including predicting suflecks lasting more than a few minutes. However, temporal patterns of PFD predicted from photographs differ in potentially important details from measured patterns.
SU-FF-T-212: Quality Assurance (QA) Procedure of On-Board Imager (OBI) for Portal Imaging

Purpose: On‐board imager (OBI) has been implemented to improve the in‐room patient positioning. It is therefore important to establish quality assurance (QA) procedure to ensure proper functionality and operational accuracy. This report presents monthly OBI QA procedure, which includes checking collision interlocks, isocenter, digital measurements, and image qualities. Method and Materials: OBI system consists of mega‐voltage detector (MVD), kilo‐voltage x‐ray source (KVS) and detector (KVD), which are linked to the workstation. The workstation provides a platform for acquisition/analysis of images and auto‐couch motion for repositioning. For collision interlock test, possible collisions are made to check sound alarm and motion interlocks of the system itself, radiation machine (LINAC), treatment couch and OBI console. The isocenters of MVD, KVS and KVD should coincide with the isocenter of the LINAC. The vertical distance from the isocenter to each device and longitudinal/lateral shift of the isocenter should be measured. The isocenter reproducibility is tested after vertical movement of each device. The digital measurement tool accuracy should be tested as a part of mechanical tests. This digital measurement test confirms magnification and accuracy of digital read for MVD and KVD. For image quality tests, the Las Vegas phantom and the Leeds TOR 18FG phantom are used for MVD and KVD respectively. The visible disks in raw and column in the Vegas image determines the contrast and resolution of MVD. The number of disks visible in the Leedsimage determines the contrast and the visible line‐pair per mm determines the resolution of KVD. Results: The procedure has been performed for monthly OBI QA. Only small variations within the acceptable range have been found. Conclusion: The suggested QA tests assure reliable portal images for verification of daily patient positioning using OBI. It is very important to set up a standard procedure to provide acceptable clinical service.