cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of water vapor on the reduction of Ru-promoted Co/Al2O3

The effect of water vapor on the reduction of a calcined Ru-promoted Co/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst was investigated by introducing water vapor during the standard reduction procedure (H{sub 2}, 350 C, 10 h) and during TPR. The presence of added water vapor (up to 3%) during standard reduction resulted in a decrease in the amount of Co able to be reduced. A peak located at ca. 500 C was observed in the TPR profiles of the catalyst after standard reduction in the presence of water. The amount of cobalt reducible in this temperature range increased with water vapor concentration. The reduction of this cobalt species, which was probably due to Co interacting strongly with the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, was inhibited during standard reduction in the presence of water vapor. Addition of water vapor during standard reduction also led to a decrease in the total amount of reducible cobalt ({lt} 900 C). The nonreducible cobalt existed mainly in the form of a cobalt aluminate with a reduction temperature higher than 900 C during TPR. It was observed that introduction of water vapor during TPR of the calcined catalyst also had a significant effect on the TPR profile. Two peaks could bemore » observed in either the presence or the absence of added water vapor. The first reduction peak at ca. 230 C remained essentially unchanged; however, the second reduction peak temperature (400--600 C) shifted up to 200 C higher and the peak area decreased to ca. one-third in the presence of increased water vapor pressures. The amount of cobalt able to be reduced during TPR to 900 C decreased with an increase in the amount of H{sub 2}O added. The presence of water vapor during reduction appears to retard the reduction process by increasing the Co-alumina interaction and/or forming cobalt aluminates.« less
Notes on the Theory of Dynamic Programming---Transportation Models

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate some applications of the functional equation technique of the theory of dynamic programming to a general class of problems arising in the study of networks, particularly those arising in transportation theory.
Characterization of Large Area 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC Capacitive Devices at 600 °C

SiC based capacitive devices have the potential to operate in high temperature, chemically corrosive environments provided that the electrical integrity of the gate oxide and metallization can be maintained in these environments. We report on the performance of large area, up to 8 x 10-3 cm2, field-effect capacitive sensors fabricated on both the 4H and 6H polytypes at 600°C. Large area capacitors improve the signal/noise (S/N) ratio which is proportional to the slope of the capacitance-voltage characteristic. At 600 °C we obtain a S/N ~ 20. The device response is independent of polytype, either 4H or 6H-SiC. These results demonstrate the reliability of our field-effect structure, operating as a simple potentiometer at high temperature.
Acute negative inotropic effects of homocysteine are mediated via the endothelium.

Previous studies have shown that chronic hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This study, which utilized coronary-perfused hearts and superfused ...
Extensible knowledge-based architecture for segmenting CT data

A knowledge-based system has been developed for segmenting computed tomography (CT) images. Its modular architecture includes an anatomical model, image processing engine, inference engine and blackboard. The model contains a priori knowledge of size, shape, X-ray attenuation and relative position of anatomical structures. This knowledge is used to constrain low-level segmentation routines. Model-derived constraints and segmented image objects are both transformed into a common feature space and posted on the blackboard. The inference engine then matches image to model objects, based on the constraints. The transformation to feature space allows the knowledge and image data representations to be independent. Thus a high-level model can be used, with data being stored in a frame-based semantic network. This modularity and explicit representation of knowledge allows for straightforward system extension. We initially demonstrate an application to lung segmentation in thoracic CT, with subsequent extension of the knowledge-base to include tumors within the lung fields. The anatomical model was later augmented to include basic brain anatomy including the skull and blood vessels, to allow automatic segmentation of vascular structures in CT angiograms for 3D rendering and visualization.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Continent right colon reservoir using a cutaneous appendicostomy.

Abstract Introduction Although orthotopic reconstruction has become the preferred form of lower urinary tract reconstruction after cystectomy there remains a select group of patients who are not appropriate for an orthotopic neobladder substitute. A continent cutaneous reservoir provides an alternative means to store urine and protect the upper urinary tract without the need for a urostomy appliance. We report our surgical technique of a continent cutaneous right colon reservoir using a catheterizable submucosally embedded appendicostomy. Technical considerations The continent cutaneous right colon reservoir with bilateral ureteroileal coloappendicostomy incorporates the ascending and proximal transverse colon, which are detubularized and folded to form the reservoir component of the urinary diversion. The terminal ileum acts as the afferent limb, with the intact native ileocecal valve providing the antireflux mechanism. The continence catheterizable mechanism incorporates the submucosally tunneled appendix with preservation of the mesentery in a flap-valve technique. Conclusions The continent cutaneous right colon reservoir with bilateral ureteroileal coloappendicostomy is a reasonable alternative for cutaneous urinary diversion when an intact appendix is present, with good functional results and excellent continence.
Automatic Deformation Detection for Visual Post Inspection

Computer vision algorithms are seeing increased use in industrial inspection applications. Here, we present an "aid to visual" system that can detect post deformations of less than 0.005 inches in jet engine high pressure turbine disks. We create a gold-standard reference post from the posts of sample turbine disks and then use registration, edge detection, and curve-similarity algorithms to identify unacceptable post deformations. We address the challenges associated with adapting academic algorithms for use in functioning inspection systems. We present novel solutions to deal with practical issues such as accuracy, speed, robustness, and ease of use. Finally, we have integrated our algorithms into the software used in the work-flow of plant-factory inspectors, who will be able to identify minute post deformations that were previously difficult to detect
Lost Autonomy, Nationalism and Separatism

Case studies suggest that ethnic groups with autonomous institutional arrangements are more prone to secede, but other evidence indicates that autonomy reduces the likelihood of secession. To address this debate, we disaggregate their autonomy status into three categories—currently autonomous, never autonomous, and lost autonomy—and then unpack how each shapes the logic of collective action. We argue groups that were never autonomous are unlikely to mobilize due to a lack of collective action capacity, whereas currently autonomous groups may have the capacity but often lack the motivation. Most important, groups that have lost autonomy often possess both strong incentives and the capacity to pursue secession, which facilitates collective action. Moreover, autonomy retraction weakens the government’s ability to make future credible commitments to redress grievances. We test these conjectures with data on the autonomous status and separatist behavior of 324 groups in more than 100 countries from 1960 to 200...
Opportunities for research in hazardous waste minimization

Hazardous waste minimization programs are currently under development throughout the country. This paper discusses the options currently being considered in the state of New Jersey and the gaps in knowledge that must be resolved prior to implementation of an effective waste minimization policy.
The Virtual Simulation: A Tool for Leadership Education in Global Corporations

Forward-thinking business leaders have realized the wisdom of staging virtual simulations—team-based education that can be conducted in a cost- and time-effective manner—to prepare future leaders for the unexpected complexities of operating in a global environment. Though not a replacement for face-to-face interaction, virtual simulations can nonetheless mirror a company's real-life challenges and opportunities and allow employees to learn from and bond with fellow executives, all without the time and expense of travel required for attending an in-residence program. The experiences of several global leaders—Microsoft, General Electric, Dell, and Stanley Black & Decker—reveal the benefits that organizations can glean from virtual simulations, as well as the best practices for ensuring a successful virtual training program that meets organizational objectives. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A minimum-switch direct-link drive with common-mode voltage suppression and active filtering for open-end winding AC machines

Conventional pulse-width modulated inverters cause switching of common-mode voltage at the terminals of ac machines, which result in undesirable bearing currents and damage to the bearing. This paper presents a two-level indirect-matrix converter-based direct-link drive for three-phase open-end winding ac machines. The proposed topology suppresses common-mode voltage, outputs up to 1.5 times the peak input phase voltage and has controllable input power factor using a novel active filtering mechanism. Simulation results are presented that verify the operation of the proposed topology.
Multilayer Lead Zirconate Titanate and Barium Titanate Ferroelectric Capacitors

Ferroelectric PbZrxT1−xO3 (PZT) thin films have been deposited on Pt coated Si substrates by if magnetron sputtering. The optimized processing condition to obtain proper stoichiometric PZT, the desired ferroelectric perovskite phase, and better dielectric properties was demonstrated using a PZT target with Pb(Zr+Ti) ratio of 1.2 and depositing at 350°C, followed by thermal treatment at 620°C for 30 min. The structural and electrical properties of the PZT layer were further improved by fabricating a novel multilayer structure which combined the PZT with the nanolayer BaTiO3. The leakage current density was reduced from 2×10−7 A/cm2 for the single layer structure to 2×10−9 A/cm2 for the multilayer structure at a field of 4×105 V/cm, while maintaining a high relative effective dielectric constant of 442. The relative dielectric constant of the PZT film in the multilayer structure was calculated to be about 880.
Chromatographic Fractionation of Sarcoplasmic Proteins of Beef Skeletal Muscle on Ion-Exchange Cellulosea,b

SUMMARY Sarcoplasmic proteins from beef skeletal muscle were fractionated by chromatography on ion-exchange cellulose (cellulose phosphate and diethyl-aminoethyl cellulose) at pH 5 and 9.3. From effluent diagrams of sarcoplasma from muscle immediately after slaughter, at least 14 fractions were recognized, and some of them were identified with known proteins by assays for enzymic activities. The numbers and levels of eluted peaks in the effluent diagram were found to decrease with storage (aging) of muscle and freeze-drying of sarcoplasma; these decreases are perhaps due to denaturation. Proteins in solutions appear to be more completely separated by chromatography when different combinations of ion-exchange cellulose are used.
Where Do I Send Thee? Does Physician-Ownership Affect Referral Patterns To Ambulatory Surgery Centers?

For more than three decades, Congress has struggled with potential financial conflicts of interest when physicians share in financial gain from nonprofessional services. This study asks the question: Are physicians who are leading referrers to physician-owned ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) more likely to send Medicaid patients to hospital outpatient clinics than other patients? The comparison group is physicians who are leading referrers to non-physician-owned ASCs, using data from two metropolitan areas. Findings indicate that physicians at physician-owned facilities are more likely than other physicians to refer well-insured patients to their facilities and route Medicaid patients to hospital outpatient clinics.
Diagnosis of heart failure.

The approach to the diagnosis of heart failure is complex, but the diagnostic armamentarium has increased significantly in the past decade. Diagnostic markers such as B-type natriuretic peptide and NT pro–B-type natriuretic peptide have proven value for the diagnosis of heart failure over and above the traditional tools that included only the history, physical examination, and chest radiography. Invasive and noninvasive impedance cardiography can be used to diagnose or even predict development of heart failure, but its role in clinical practice still needs to be better defined.
The type‐species of ZonitisFABRICIUS and the synonymies of Z. flavaFABRICIUS and Z. ruficollisFRIVALDSZKY. (Col., Meloidae)

Previous designations of Zonitis praeustaFABRICIUS as the type-species of ZonitisFABRICIUS are shown to be invalid, and Z. flavaFABRICIUS is designated as the type-species. Zonitis flava has generally been regarded as a junior synonym of Z. praeusta, but the latter name is predated by the former as well as by the synonyms Mylabris testaceaFABRICIUS and Apalus testaceusOLIVIER. Annotated synonymies of Z. flava and Z. ruficollisFRIVALDSZKY are presented.
Quantifying Purported Competition with Individual- and Population-Level Metrics

Competitive species interactions may contribute to population declines. Purportedly, Red-bellied Woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus), a common species, and Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis), an endangered species, compete for roosting and nesting cavities in living pine trees. To determine whether behavioral interactions measured at the individual level manifest themselves at the population level, we conducted field experiments designed to test whether the presence of Red-bellied Woodpeckers resulted in a decrease in fitness to Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. As part of a 4-year study examining the nature of interspecific interactions in two populations of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (one stable, the Apalachicola Ranger District; one declining, the Wakulla Ranger District) in the Apalachicola National Forest, Florida, we conducted a set of Red-bellied Woodpecker removal experiments. Paradoxically, following the removal of Red-bellied Woodpeckers, we observed decreases in Red-cockaded Woodpecker group size, proportion of nests that were successful, and proportion of individuals remaining on territories. Removal of Red-bellied Woodpeckers may have exaggerated the immigration rate of Red-bellied Woodpeckers to Red-cockaded Woodpecker territories. The Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in the Apalachicola Ranger District likely can withstand pressure from immigrating Red-bellied Woodpeckers given that their population has remained relatively stable despite the presence of Red-bellied Woodpeckers. A major factor of population persistence in the Wakulla Ranger District was the high turnover rate of adult female Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, a phenomenon that was exacerbated by removal of Red-bellied Woodpeckers. Relying solely on observations of apparently competitive interactions between individuals may not necessarily provide information about population-level outcomes. Paradoxically, removing species that appear to be competitors may harm species of concern.
Stories from the bog: on the underworld, the underconsciousness, and the undertaking.

It would not be too much to say that myth is the secret opening through which the inexhaustible energies of the cosmos pour into human cultural manifestation. Religions, philosophies, arts, the forms of primitive and historic man, prime discoveries in science and technology, the very dreams that blister sleep, boil up from the basic, magic ring of myth. —Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces
Comment: On Issues and Nonissues in the Study of Power*

This essay attempts to be at once a comment on some of the many significant points raised in Professor Wolfinger's article and a statement of a perspective on the issue of the “nonissue” in community power analysis. It is not, however, intended as another salvo in the “elitist-pluralist controversy.”The dispute between “elitists,” “pluralists,” “neo-elitists,” “neopluralists?” et al. has been much with us. A number of valuable ideas regarding approaches and methods for power analysis have, of course, emerged from the debate, especially in its earlier stages. With them, however, seems to have come a conspicuous friction which, I believe, increasingly impedes research. The main problem, as it strikes this noncombatant, is that each side has been reluctant to grant much to the other, while the language has been painfully polemical at times. To one who has learned from both camps and wants to advance the assault on persistent problems rather than on each other, the quarrel has become unfortunate. Debating points often obfuscate truly important issues for power analysis.
Neural correlates of cognitive flexibility in children at risk for bipolar disorder.

Background Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) show behavioral and neural deficits in cognitive flexibility; however, whether such deficits exist among youths at risk for BD has not been explored.
Race and satisfaction with the police in a small city

In a democratic society, public opinion of criminal justice systems is essential for the proper functioning of police departments. Since the 1970s, police organizations were increasingly concerned with their external social relationship. This was particularly true in the era of community policing. This study explored determinants of satisfaction with the police. Data from 235 residents of a small northeastern city in the United States were analyzed. The results indicated that Hispanics had the lowest global satisfaction with the police, while Caucasians had the highest. The results also revealed the importance of separating global satisfaction from specific satisfaction. The study concluded that police departments must work harder at gaining public satisfaction among African Americans and Hispanics and work toward increasing public feelings of safety in order to improve citizen satisfaction with the police.
Loss of spindle assembly checkpoint–mediated inhibition of Cdc20 promotes tumorigenesis in mice

Genomic instability is a hallmark of human cancers. Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a critical cellular mechanism that prevents chromosome missegregation and therefore aneuploidy by blocking premature separation of sister chromatids. Thus, SAC, much like the DNA damage checkpoint, is essential for genome stability. In this study, we report the generation and analysis of mice carrying a Cdc20 allele in which three residues critical for the interaction with Mad2 were mutated to alanine. The mutant Cdc20 protein (AAA-Cdc20) is no longer inhibited by Mad2 in response to SAC activation, leading to the dysfunction of SAC and aneuploidy. The dysfunction could not be rescued by the additional expression of another Cdc20 inhibitor, BubR1. Furthermore, we found that Cdc20AAA/AAA mice died at late gestation, but Cdc20+/AAA mice were viable. Importantly, Cdc20+/AAA mice developed spontaneous tumors at highly accelerated rates, indicating that the SAC-mediated inhibition of Cdc20 is an important tumor-suppressing mechanism.
Assessing the role of 18F-FDG PET and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of soft tissue musculoskeletal malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Twelve years ago a meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in assessing musculoskeletal soft tissue lesions (MsSTL). Currently, PET/CT has substituted PET imaging; however, there has not been any published meta-analysis on the use of PET/CT or a comparison of PET/CT with PET in the diagnosis of MsSTL. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify the current diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT and determine if there is added value when compared to PET.
Achieving a "Grand Convergence" in Global Health: Modeling the Technical Inputs Costs and Impacts from 2016 to 2030.

Background The Commission on Investing in Health published its report, GlobalHealth2035, in 2013, estimating an investment case for a grand convergence in health outcomes globally. In support of the drafting of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), we estimate what the grand convergence investment case might achieve—and what investment would be required—by 2030. Methods and Findings Our projection focuses on a sub-set of low-income (LIC) or lower-middle-income countries (LMIC). We start with a country-based (bottom-up) analysis of the costs and impact of scaling up reproductive, maternal, and child health tools, and select HIV and malaria interventions. We then incorporate global (top-down) analyses of the costs and impacts of scaling up existing tools for tuberculosis, additional HIV interventions, the costs to strengthen health systems, and the costs and benefits from scaling up new health interventions over the time horizon of this forecast. These data are then allocated to individual countries to provide an aggregate projection of potential cost and impact at the country level. Finally, incremental costs of R&D for low-income economies and the costs of addressing NTDs are added to provide a global total cost estimate of the investment scenario. Results Compared with a constant coverage scenario, there would be more than 60 million deaths averted in LIC and 70 million deaths averted in LMIC between 2016 and 2030. For the years 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2030, the incremental costs of convergence in LIC would be (US billion) $24.3, $21.8, $24.7, and $27, respectively; in LMIC, the incremental costs would be (US billion) $34.75, $38.9, $48.7, and $56.3, respectively. Conclusion Key health outcomes in low- and low-middle income countries can significantly converge with those of wealthier countries by 2030, and the notion of a “grand convergence” may serve as a unifying theme for health indicators in the SDGs.
Factors Associated with Enhanced Knowledge and Use of Secondary Transition Evidence-Based Practices.

Students with disabilities lag behind peers without disabilities in most postsecondary outcome areas such as employment, postsecondary education, and independent living. Numerous initiatives aimed ...
Learning Subregular Classes of Languages with Factored Deterministic Automata

This paper shows how factored finitestate representations of subregular language classes are identifiable in the limit from positive data by learners which are polytime iterative and optimal. These representations are motivated in two ways. First, the size of this representation for a given regular language can be exponentially smaller than the size of the minimal deterministic acceptor recognizing the language. Second, these representations (including the exponentially smaller ones) describe actual formal languages which successfully model natural language phenomenon, notably in the subfield of phonology.
Structure–Property Linkages

In this chapter, we integrate all of the concepts presented in the earlier chapters to illustrate data-driven approaches for formulating low-dimensional but high-value structure–property linkages. The linkages of interest are expressed both as homogenization linkages as well as localization (opposite of homogenization) linkages. The theoretical framework is established first, and its generality and versatility is demonstrated in detail using several case studies.
Effect of electrical stimulation on the interfacial tensile strength and amount of bone formation.

The effect of electrical stimulation upon the direct tensile strength of the interface union between porous calcium aluminate implants and bone plus the amount of bone formation were investigated in the femurs of rabbits. The study indicates there is an increased tensile strength of the interface in proportion to the amount of bone formation into the pores and the amount of electrical stimulation used “in vivo”.
Black men attending community colleges: examining an institutional approach toward equity

Through an illustrative example of Together We Achieve at Parkland College in Champaign, Illinois, this chapter outlines an institutional approach for improving conditions for Black men on campus.
Seismic attribute detection of faults and fluid pathways within an active strike-slip shear zone: New insights from high-resolution 3D P-Cable™ seismic data along the Hosgri Fault, offshore California

Poststack data conditioning and neural-network seismic attribute workflows are used to detect and visualize faulting and fluid migration pathways within a ![Formula][1] 3D P-Cable™ seismic volume located along the Hosgri Fault Zone offshore central California. The high-resolution 3D volume used in this study was collected in 2012 as part of Pacific Gas and Electric’s Central California Seismic Imaging Project. Three-dimensional seismic reflection data were acquired using a triple-plate boomer source (1.75 kJ) and a short-offset, 14-streamer, P-Cable system. The high-resolution seismic data were processed into a prestack time-migrated 3D volume and publically released in 2014. Postprocessing, we employed dip-steering (dip and azimuth) and structural filtering to enhance laterally continuous events and remove random noise and acquisition artifacts. In addition, the structural filtering was used to enhance laterally continuous edges, such as faults. Following data conditioning, neural-network based meta-attribute workflows were used to detect and visualize faults and probable fluid-migration pathways within the 3D seismic volume. The workflow used in this study clearly illustrates the utility of advanced attribute analysis applied to high-resolution 3D P-Cable data. For example, results from the fault attribute workflow reveal a network of splayed and convergent fault strands within an approximately 1.3 km wide shear zone that is characterized by distinctive sections of transpressional and transtensional dominance. Neural-network chimney attribute calculations indicate that fluids are concentrated along discrete faults in the transtensional zones, but appear to be more broadly distributed amongst fault bounded anticlines and structurally controlled traps in the transpressional zones. These results provide high-resolution, 3D constraints on the relationships between strike-slip fault mechanics, substrate deformation, and fluid migration along an active fault system offshore central California. [1]: /embed/mml-math-1.gif
Electron Spin Resonance Investigations on Polystyrene-Carbon Nanotubes Composites

Electron spin resonance investigations on nanocomposites obtained by dispersing carbon nanotubes within polystyrene are reported. The temperature dependence of ESR lines in the range 290 K to 420 K is investigated. It is for the first time that the effect of the polymeric matrix on the electron spin resonance spectra of carbon nanotubes is reported.© 2004 ASME
Visualizing the variational callgraph of the Linux kernel: an approach for reasoning about dependencies [poster]

Software developers use #ifdef statements to support code configurability, allowing software product diversification. But because functions can be in many executions paths that depend on complex combinations of configuration options, the introduction of an #ifdef for a given purpose (such as adding a new feature to a program) can enable unintended function calls, which can be a source of vulnerabilities. Part of the difficulty lies in maintaining mental models of all dependencies. We propose analytic visualizations of the variational callgraph to capture dependencies across configurations and create visualizations to demonstrate how it would help developers visually reason through the implications of diversification, for example through visually doing change impact analysis.
A Legal Definition of Leadership: Understanding §3B1.1 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines

This Article offers a formal legal definition of “leadership” drawn from an unusual quarter: criminal sentencing. Sentencing guidelines that include adjustments based on the extent to which a defendant was a “leader” have spawned hundreds of appellate court cases attempting to develop a thoughtful, workable definition of the term. Reviewing these cases, this Article offers 25 separate characteristics courts have found material to a legal judgment as to whether an individual has been a leader within a criminal enterprise. Eleven of these characteristics can be organized into three categories, which operate on the boundaries of the leadership concept. The first category contains those circumstances courts have found do not, by themselves, confer leadership status. For example, courts have found that controlling property alone does not make one a leader. The second category of leadership characteristics are those circumstances that are not, in themselves, sufficient to show a defendant is not a leader. For example, there may be more than one leader in a group, so the identification of one or more other leaders in a group does not preclude the possibility of characterizing a defendant as a leader as well. A third category of leadership focuses on the external group functions of leadership, the ways in which a leader monitors and mediates the points of contact between the group as a separate entity and important elements outside the group. The remaining 14 characteristics comprise a fourth category that resides at the center of what courts find establishes leadership status. To courts, the gravamen of leadership is the control, organization, and responsibility for other group members. Examples of characteristics in this category are that a leader inspires members to make sacrifices for the group, possesses decision-making authority within the group, carries ultimate responsibility for the group’s success, and resolves disputes within the group. This Article concludes by noting this formal legal definition of leadership, given its basis in criminal sentencing, has generated a set of leadership characteristics all of which appear to enjoy the possibility of general applicability to a broad range of factual contexts including standard business settings, but still notes how very far the formal legal definition of leadership is from conventional definitions grounded explicitly in a moral, value-laden context.
Investigation on present situation of occupational hazards in the coal preparation plant

Objective To understand the occupational hazards and the control measures in a coal preparation plant.Methods Field occupational health survey,occupational hazards detection and occupational health examination of workers were performed.Results The 8 h equivalent A-weighted sound pressure level in 32.5% of the noise detection points were not in line with the requirements.8.8% coal dust concentration were not in line with the requirements.Exposure to harmful homework workers wasn't diagnosed the occupational diseases.Conclusion The main occupational hazards are noise and coal dust in this factory which should be well monitored and controlled.
A Investigation Report of 775 Pupils About Healthy Knowledge in Yunlong

OBJECTIVE Through investigating the knowledge of health in Yunlong parts of pupils, to get the primary pupil’s healthy knowledge in our national minority areas. METHOD I make some questionnaires to investigate 6 primary schools from grade 3 to grade 6 in our county and parts of small towns and administrative villages. RESULTS There are 775 pupils were investigated, and there is no difference between boy students and girl students in 15 sections of healthy knowledge comprehension. However,the students in the counties are better than in the small towns; The doivesities are existed in many grades; The precautionary knowledge of important control illness is more higher than other common illness. CONCLUSION From my investigation,I find there are diversities that exist in many areas and different grades in the section of scholar pupil’s healthy knowledge perception. The development of healthy education is unbalanced. Thus I suggest that it should enchance the stystematic construction of school healthy education.
Functional analysis of archaeocyathan skeletal morphology and its paleobiological implications

A biomechanical study of archaeocyathan (phylum Archaeocyatha) skeletal construction was undertaken in order to compare its function with that of poriferans. Flume experiments were conducted on three cylindrical, brass models of regular archaeocyathans. Two of these, the porous- septate and aporous-septate models (i.e., possessing septa either with or without pores), represent an ontogenetic series; regular archaeocyathans (class Regulares) typically exhibit a reduction in septal porosity as they grow and many have aporous septa as adults. The third model is aseptate and represents a morphology that is not found in the fossil record. All models exhibit passive entrainment of flow during flume testing, a phenomenon on which modern sponges depend for suspension feeding. Flow direction through the models is consistent with predictions of the spon- giomorph-affinity hypothesis. The three models behave quite differently, however. The aseptate model is least effective at passive entrainment. Although some fluid exits the top of the central cavity (or osculum), a great deal of fluid is entrained out the top of the intervallum and also leaks out the outer wall. Flow induction from the oscula of the septate models is augmented when compared to the aseptate model. The porous-septate model exhibits slight leakage from the outer wall, and a dye-rich plume exits the top of the intervallum. Alternatively, the aporous-septate model exhibits no outer-wall leakage and no entrainment from the intervallum. These differences in flow pattern between the porous- and aporous-septate models suggest a hitherto unknown function for septa. Imperforate septa prohibit the migration of fluid through the intervallum to the low-pressure, downstream side where leakage occurs. The ontogenetic shift in septal porosity, common to many archaeocyathan species, may be a mechanism by which outer-wall leakage is avoided later in life. Archaeocyathans would have encountered progressively higher ambient current velocities as their height increased through growth. Outer-wall leakage is not a problem at low velocities or small sizes, but leakage becomes serious at higher velocities when tall, adult morphologies are attained.
Nitric oxide production contributes to Bacillus anthracis edema toxin-associated arterial hypotension and lethality: ex vivo and in vivo studies in the rat.

The most important aspect of the present study is the finding that the hypotensive and lethal effects of Bacillus anthracis edema toxin are mediated in part via the production of nitric oxide (NO) ...
Cosmetics Use: Psychological Perspectives

Cosmetics use is both old and widespread, and has multiple functions including beautification and the signification of social identities. Cosmetics use is positively correlated with a variety of personality traits related to emphasizing one’s appearance. Many studies have found that women are judged to be more attractive when wearing cosmetics than when not wearing them. Together, these results suggest that women with a strong interest in their appearance are able to enhance it through the use of cosmetics. Recent research has found several stable and universal factors of facial attractiveness. Cosmetics function in part through the manipulation of these factors.
It takes two: A dyadic model of recruitment to civic activity

A grant from the Science of Generosity supported the collection of data used in this paper.
Implications of “Quick Response” On Commercial Vendor Patronage

This paper examines the “Quick Response" system. This new structure extends marketing channel scope and functions to include every stage of the cycle from raw materials through the retail sale. Inventories are minimized and changes in consumer preferences are accommodated quickly. Implications for vendor patronage are proposed.
Enhanced architecture models for rich internet applications

In the last few years, there has been a significant amount of innovation and advancement to enrich the user experience and interactivity for Web-based applications. Most of the major development fits well into several existing architecture models. In this article, we will present an update of these models and how they address some of the key challenges in delivering rich Internet applications. The enhanced models will provide an important architecture framework for the development of highly interactive feature-rich Web-based applications. Results from other studies of current prevalent products and technologies are consistent with our analysis at the architecture level.
A good man in Israel: Zooarchaeology and assimilation in Antebellum Washington, Washington, Arkansas

Recovery of faunal remains in a rich deposit of household trash in Washington, Arkansas, presented an opportunity to examine ethnicity in the archaeological record because the trash was discarded by the early 1840s by the Blocks, a prominent Jewish family. Analysis of the faunal collection suggests that Block foodways did not differ markedly from contemporaneous collections in urban settings. However, the ambiguity of ethnic signatures in this case record may provide clear evidence of cognitive uncertainty and assimilation, particularly since the documentary record suggests continued identification by some family members with Judaism.
Residential energy demand in the United States: Analysis using static and dynamic approaches

Abstract The residential sector is the main consumer of energy in the United States, and reducing energy consumption is an important goal for policymakers in each state. To know how reducing residential energy demand could be achieved, this study develops a set of static and dynamic models to investigate and identify the impact of socio-economic and demographic characteristics, building age, energy prices, and weather conditions on residential energy demand at the state level from 2005 to 2013. Next, this study proposes two alternative scenarios to reduce residential energy demand based on the most precise model. For every 10,000 dollars of per capita income in each state: (1) increasing residential electricity price by 1 cent per kW h and (2) decreasing average building age by 1%. In the first scenario, the findings indicate that annual residential electricity demand would decrease by 7.3% on average, with the highest reductions in Washington (11.9%), North Dakota (10.9%), and Idaho (9.7%). In the second scenario, residential gas demand would decrease by an average of 15.8% annually, with the highest reduction in Connecticut (33.2%) followed by New York (33.0%) and Massachusetts (30.7%). These proposed scenarios assist policymakers in optimizing decisions and investments to reduce residential energy consumption.
Educational Application of Working-Memory Training

This chapter reviews research on the efficacy of training working memory (WM) in an educational context. We have characterized WM training programs into two categories: those that are narrow in scope and those that are broad in scope. Narrow-scope WM training programs are very similar to a working memory test, while broad-scope WM training programs train working memory in the context of broader abilities, such as executive function, attention, or learning skills. We discuss the efficacy of WM training with respect to transfer effects. Transfer effects can be classified as near transfer or far transfer. Near transfer refers to improvements that are similar to the training program, such as improvements in working memory tasks. Far transfer effects refer to improvements in skills related to the area of training, such as other executive function skills such as inhibition, updating, and planning, as well as attention and fluid intelligence (IQ). We also report whether transfer effects are short-lived or long lasting (maintenance effects). Finally, we review evidence of neural activity as a function of WM training and whether there is increased or decreased activity in regions associated with working memory capacity, namely, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex.
Prevention of deep periprosthetic joint infection.

Although the prevalence of postoperative deep wound infection after total joint arthroplasty has decreased over the past few decades, it remains a feared consequence for both surgeons and patients107. Moynihan stated that “every operation in surgery is an experiment in bacteriology.”80 This statement provides remarkable insight into the seemingly variable and unpredictable nature of infection. Often, the specific mechanism and timing of bacterial delivery in a given wound is unknown, and it is usually extremely difficult to prove the exact cause of the infection in an individual situation. Despite improved outcomes of treatment for established deep periprosthetic infection, prevention remains a meaningful objective. The estimated cost of treatment67 of an infection at the site of a total hip or total knee arthroplasty exceeds $50,000. A thorough appreciation of and respect for the innumerable factors that may contribute to an infection is essential in the development of an over-all approach to prevention. The concept of an interdependent relationship among the triad of bacteria, host, and wound is helpful when considering prevention Fig. 1. Infection depends on the number and virulence of the bacteria introduced into a wound, the host's ability to eliminate these bacteria, and the status or viability of the wound environment. Within this triad, multiple variables can contribute to the deposition of bacteria into the wound, many conditions may impair the patient's ability to eliminate bacteria, and numerous vagaries of the wound milieu can facilitate the infectious process (Table I). Every variable may be influenced by the other variables within the triad. For example, the effect of a foreign body on the absolute number of bacteria required to facilitate the infectious process is well known29. Venn diagram demonstrating the dependent nature of bacteria, host factors, and wound environment on the development of …
Room for improvement: Using GRI principles to explore potential for advancing PRME SIP reporting

Abstract We analyse the Sharing in Progress (SIP) reports of 14 signatories to the United Nations' Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) to explore how reporting might be improved in ways that are both credible and useful for business schools and their stakeholders. We apply the broad principles of the G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines of the Global Reporting InitiativeTM, a widely used international reporting standard, to assess our sample's first and third reports in terms of content and quality. Our longitudinal analysis reveals some improvements in signatory reporting, including significant inclusion of stakeholders, expanded discussion of local and positive impact, timeliness in reporting and clarity of language. However, we find Champion reports include limited reporting of social and economic impact, challenges faced in PRME implementation, and information to facilitate comparability and external assessment of report reliability. We see potential for improving SIP reporting and offer suggestions in support of PRME's goals to promote continuous improvement, a learning community and useful progress reporting to stakeholders. We also present ideas for future research.
Late-Arriving Signals Contribute Less to Cell-Fate Decisions

Gene regulatory networks are largely responsible for cellular decision-making. These networks sense diverse external signals and respond by adjusting gene expression, enabling cells to reach environment-dependent decisions crucial for their survival or reproduction. However, information-carrying signals may arrive at variable times. Besides the intrinsic strength of these signals, their arrival time (timing) may also carry information about the environment and can influence cellular decision-making in ways that are poorly understood. For example, it is unclear how the timing of individual phage infections affects the lysis-lysogeny decision of bacteriophage λ despite variable infection times being likely in the wild and even in laboratory conditions. In this work, we combine mathematical modeling with experimentation to address this question. We develop an experimentally testable theory, which reveals that late-infecting phages contribute less to cellular decision-making. This implies that infection delays lower the probability of lysogeny compared to simultaneous infections. Furthermore, we show that infection delays reduce lysogenization by providing insufficient CII for threshold crossing during the critical decision-making period. We find evidence for a cutoff time after which subsequent infections cannot influence the cellular decision. We derive an intuitive formula that approximates the probability of lysogeny for variable infection times by a time-weighted average of probabilities for simultaneous infections. We validate these theoretical predictions experimentally. Similar concepts and simplifying modeling approaches may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying other cellular decisions.
“All They Do Is See the Charge”: Reentry Barriers and Correctional Programming Needs of Women Returning to Society after Incarceration

This study utilized a qualitative approach to examine formerly incarcerated women’s perceptions of their reentry process and to understand the role correctional programming may have to alleviate th...
Resistance to multi organ damage after hemorrhagic shock induced ischemia/reperfusion in arctic ground squirrels

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Mechanical thinning to restore oak savanna promoted predator assemblages of gypsy moth pupae in Michigan

The United States Forest Service conducted an oak savanna restoration using thinning and prescribed burning in the Manistee National Forest in Michigan to provide additional habitat for species dependent on this rare community type, including the Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis). Because the Karner blue butterfly is a federally endangered species, managers cannot spray Bt‐k (Bacillus thurigiensis var kurstaki) in areas undergoing restoration to control exotic invasive defoliators, such as European gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar). Although gypsy moths are invasive in North America, several native predators, such as white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), other small mammals and invertebrates, help keep gypsy moth populations at nondestructive levels. The present study investigated whether the small mammal community and gypsy moth predation rates were affected by the type of mechanical forest thinning method (bulldozer, masticator, shear cutter) used during an oak savanna restoration at two sites in Michigan within the suppression zone in 2010 and 2011. Predation rates on gypsy moth pupae were higher in bulldozer and shear cutter thinned compared with control plots at both sites in 2010. White‐footed mice relative abundance was significantly higher in thinned compared with control plots at one site in 2010 and 2011. Thinning maintained or promoted white‐footed mice abundance, which will maintain or enhance predation on gypsy moth pupae during oak savanna restoration.