cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cassini grand finale mission: Planning for a new mission environment

The Cassini F-Ring & Proximal Orbits (FRPO) is a new and unique mission; to ensure the highest priority science gets implemented, the POST (Proximal Orbit Science Team) was created to pre-allocate the time around periapse for all 22 proximal orbits. The F-ring orbits, and proximal time outside of POST, were handled similar to Cassini's Solstice Mission using the Pre-Integrated Event (PIE) process. The new and unique properties of the spacecraft's trajectory required much forethought to be flown safely while still planning for the most and best science return possible. Some ring-plane crossings (RPX) will be protected against dust impacts by turning the high gain antenna (HGA) to the dust RAM direction (HGA2RAM). If on the first proximal RPX higher than expected dust readings are seen then the Project Office may choose to require more (all) subsequent RPX to be HGA2RAM, implemented via a real-time command overlay for uplinked sequences. The pointing uncertainties will be larger than usual after the final targeted flyby; some of the process changes to address this include adding extra orbit trim maneuvers (OTMs) (fuel permitting) to resync to the reference trajectory and reduce pointing uncertainties; and movable blocks of commands to be used for some periapses where atmospheric drag may cause large timing shifts Changes made for FRPO to address perceptions that these sequences will be hard to implement include requiring early pointing designs (during integration) for certain types of observations, requiring teams to check early on that they can turn to and from their observation attitude, and that their attitude is safe, and adjusting the Implementation process to give more time for science observation designers. This paper will discuss these process changes and lessons learned so far.
Synthesis of citramalic acid from glycerol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli

Citramalic acid (citramalate) serves as a five-carbon precursor for the chemical synthesis of methacrylic acid. We compared citramalate and acetate accumulation from glycerol using Escherichia coli strains expressing a modified citramalate synthase gene cimA from Methanococcus jannaschii. These studies revealed that gltA coding citrate synthase, leuC coding 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase, and acetate pathway genes play important roles in elevating citramalate and minimizing acetate formation. Controlled 1.0 L batch experiments confirmed that deletions in all three acetate-production genes (poxB, ackA, and pta) were necessary to reduce acetate formation to less than 1 g/L during citramalate production from 30 g/L glycerol. Fed-batch processes using MEC568/pZE12-cimA (gltA leuC ackA-pta poxB) generated over 31 g/L citramalate and less than 2 g/L acetate from either purified or crude glycerol at yields exceeding 0.50 g citramalate/g glycerol in 132 h. These results hold promise for the viable formation of citramalate from unrefined glycerol.
Oncogenic KRAS and p53 Loss Drive Gastric Tumorigenesis in Mice That Can Be Attenuated by E-Cadherin Expression

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, but no models exist to readily investigate distant metastases that are mainly responsible for mortality in this disease. Here we report the development of a genetically engineered mouse model of gastric adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis based on KrasG12D expression plus inactivation of E-cadherin (Cdh1) and p53 in the gastric parietal cell lineage. Intestinal and diffuse gastric tumors arise rapidly in this model that displays a median survival of 76 days. Tumors occur throughout the stomach, with metastases documented in lymph nodes, lung, and liver. Mice otherwise identical but retaining one wild-type Cdh1 allele exhibited longer survival with only 20% penetrance of invasive tumors and no apparent lung or liver metastases. Notably, increased RAS activity and downstream MAPK signaling was observed in stomachs only when E-cadherin was absent. This model offers a valuable tool to investigate gastric adenocarcinoma subtypes where RAS/MAPK pathway activation and E-cadherin attenuation are common. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5349-59. ©2017 AACR.
Production of New Molecules and Materials by Laser Photochemistry

Almost as soon as the properties of the laser as a light source of extraordinarily high spectral brillance became known, chemists began to speculate about its possible utility in promoting photochemical reactions with high selectivity and efficiency. Unfortunately, many of the early attempts to carry out such reactions yielded confusing results which could best be interpreted as complex thermal reactions(1). Within the past few years, however, better experiments and improved theoretical insight have revealed exciting possibilities in laser-controlled chemical reactions. We shall discuss these principles, and some examples in this presentation.
Developing intercultural empathy through a strategy-based simulation in intermediate Spanish

This article reports on using a strategy-based simulation designed to engage intermediate Spanish learners with issues of drug trafficking and violence at the US-Mexico border as an avenue to culti...
Ultrasound-guided measurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness in children with diabetes and recommendations for giving insulin injections.

Abstract Aim To measure skin thickness (ST) and skin + subcutaneous layer thickness (SCT) by ultrasound and estimate the risk of intramuscular injection (IM) with different needle lengths across injection sites according to age group. Method Children recruited between 1 and 18 years with type 1 and 2 diabetes on insulin injections and divided into three age groups: 1–6 years, 7–12 years and 13–18 years. A portable ultrasound was used to measure ST and SCT at four injection sites on the abdomen, arm, thigh and buttock. Results Total 153 children enrolled for the study. The mean (SD) measurement of ST & SCT at four sites on abdomen, arm, thigh & buttocks were as follows; 4.33 mm (±2.22), 5.55 mm (±2.26), 5.83 mm (±3.12), 6.48 mm (±3.47) in 1–6 years old; 7.11 mm (±3.68), 7.79 mm (±4.54), 7.17 mm (±3.62), 8.51 mm (±3.65) in 7–12 years old; 8.94 mm (±4.50), 8.42 mm (±5.00), 8.61 mm (±4.76), 9.76 mm (±4.38) in 13–18 years old. Young children, 1–6 years have the highest risk of IM injection with all needle lengths, i.e. 4, 5, 6, 8 & 12.7 mm, while older children 7–12 & 13–18 years have a lower risk with shorter needles (4, 5 and 6 mm) as compared to longer needles (8 and 12.7 mm). Conclusions Children with diabetes on insulin therapy should be advised on the appropriate needle length accordingly to their age and BMI.
Diatom productivity in Northern Lake Malawi during the past 25,000 years: implications for the Position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone at Millennial and Shorter Time Scales

The large lakes of the East African Rift Valley provide a magnificent array of sedimentary basins that are actively recording the modern climate dynamics of tropical East Africa. The basins are perhaps 10 million or more years old (Cohen et al. 1993), and their deepest reaches have archived continuous records of past climate change that are unparalleled anywhere else in the tropics in terms of longevity coupled with resolution (Johnson 1993). These lakes are highly sensitive to climate variability, and their sediments carry rich signals of past environmental dynamics, inscribed in the assemblages of microfossils, the abundance and isotopic composition of endogenic minerals, bulk sediment texture and structure, and organic geochemistry. The International Decade for the East African Lakes (IDEAL) is a programme that has helped to steer and coordinate palaeoclimate studies on the rift lakes since the programme’s inception in 1993 (Johnson 1993). The IDEAL community of scientists from
Developing and Sustaining a Community Information System for Central Indiana: SAVI as a Case Study

SAVI is one of the nation’s largest community information systems containing over 10,000 indicators of quality of life. This chapter describes the history and development of its robust data processing system, its interactive web application that allows users to analyze and visualize the indicators, the governance and funding structures, and the cultivation of the user community and support mechanisms. It highlights various uses of the system by a wide range of user groups. Finally, it shares the lessons SAVI learned during its 15-year history and outlines the recommended steps for a community to develop its own community information system.
Aircraft Ground Movement Simulation

This paper describes the design and implementation of a real-time simulation of aircraft motion on the ground at airports. The aircraft Ground Motion Simulator (GMS) is designed to realistically simulate tower, ground, and apron aircraft control. The simulation includes high-fidelity graphic views, in color, of airport ground activity. It simulates air traffic operations in real time for all stages of flight from take-off to landing as well as all phases of ground movement of aircraft including landing roll, taxiing, yielding, platooning, parking, pushback, and takeoff roll. The capability to simulate aircraft movement on airport taxiways and runways provides a realistic environment for testing the planning processes regarding the management of departing traffic and its interactions with aircraft landing at an airport. The GMS simulates the environment at any arbitrary airport and interfaces through a fast, two way data communications link to an existing Air Traffic Control simulation facility. The GMS consists of a host computer workstation, an experimenter’s station, one or more traffic controller stations, and one or more pseudopilot stations. The graphical user interface and the graphical displays were developed in object-oriented C on the X/Windows graphics system on UNIX workstations.
"Maximum support" = 100% BS.

Bootstrap and other percentage-based measures of nodal "support" cannot distinguish between strong support and very strong support. Clearly, if there is no upper bound to the number of potential characters, there should be no upper bound to measures of support.
Tibiofemoral joint mobilizations following total knee arthroplasty and manipulation under anesthesia.

Case report. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of tibiofemoral joint mobilizations to improve knee flexion in a patient with arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty (T...
What Are the “Rules of the Road” When Approaching Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain? What Are Common Diagnostic Errors and Who Are High-Risk Patients?

The presenting complaint of acute abdominal pain suggests disease processes that range from benign to potentially life threatening. An organized approach that elicits a thorough history and physical exam can help the clinician generate a comprehensive differential diagnosis. Evaluation of the location, quality, and progression of symptoms should be used in conjunction with exam findings to develop an appropriate management plan. The clinician should be mindful of potential diagnostic errors and ways to avoid them. When evaluating elderly patients with acute abdominal pain, special consideration is warranted as they may present atypically and harbor acute surgical pathology.
Metrics of disturbance in a redwood forest ecosystem: responses of stream amphibians to repeated sediment infusions

Disturbances are part of the natural dynamics of Earth's ecosystems, with these events more common now in the Anthropocene. Yet metrics for calibrating these impacts and measuring an ecosystem's capacity to recover are lacking. Highway construction in 1989 to bypass Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park in California resulted in storm‐driven infusion of exposed sediments into five streams; five nearby streams that were not intersected by the bypass construction were not affected by this event and served as controls for a natural experiment. A second large storm event in 1995 contributed sediment loads into all ten streams resulting in a disturbance gradient that allowed us to examine the effects of repeated sediment disturbances. We evaluated the impacts of these stresses on three resident stream amphibian species in 1990 and again in 1996. In 1990, the impacted streams had sixfold higher pool sediment loads and significantly lower larval tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) densities and lower densities of coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and southern torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton variegatus) compared with the un‐impacted streams. During the six years between these storm events, pool bowl sediment loads increased 14‐fold in the previously un‐impacted streams and threefold in the previously impacted streams. Larval tailed frogs and torrent salamanders further declined in both sets of streams in 1996 although non‐significantly. In contrast, giant salamander densities increased in both stream sets. Of the three species, giant salamanders appeared the most resistant to the depositional events, while the other two species appeared to decline relative to the intensity of the sediment disturbances but still persist. We believe these results demonstrate the usefulness of these three amphibians as metrics for measuring the effects of this common disturbance type on the ecological resilience of stream networks in this and other temperate northwest forest ecosystems.
Patient-reported outcomes in multiple sclerosis: Validation of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL™) short forms.

BackgroundPatient-reported outcome (PRO) measures have been shown to be effective for tracking treatment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, collecting PROs as part of the clinical standa...
(Re)membering in the Pedagogical Work of Black and Brown Teachers: Reclaiming Stories as Culturally Sustaining Practice:

This article centers the memories and identities of Black and Brown teachers as they (re)engage with their school experiences. King and Swartz define (re)membering as the process of reconnecting kn...
Non-Stenotic, “Graft over Graft” LVAD Outflow Graft Protection Technique

Purpose Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are widely accepted for end-stage heart failure management. A traditional outflow graft (OFG) protection strategy using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft was developed in response to critical OFG injuries during redo full sternotomy. However, this graft fully covers the OFG and has been reported to cause stenosis from compression due to OFG exudate materials. This may cause increased afterload, low LVAD flow, and secondary left heart failure symptoms requiring additional procedures to relieve the stenosis. Therefore, a non-stenotic OFG protection technique is warranted. Here, we present our alternative “Graft over Graft” surgical technique for OFG protection that does not lead to OFG stenosis. Methods The proper length of the OFG is adjusted and cut from the original length (a); the leftover piece of graft material is then used to cover the outflow graft. This excess graft is transected longitudinally to allow nesting of the graft (b,c). The transected excess material is wrapped around the outflow graft for protection (d), making the OFG more resilient during reentry in subsequent sternotomies (e). Because the posterior side of the graft remains open, no outflow graft exudate is found below the covering graft at the time of transplant (f), which minimizes risk of stenosis. We retrospectively analyzed our single-center experience. Results Our center has utilized both the traditional PTFE graft OFG cover, as well as the novel technique described. 51 patients at our center received the traditional PTFE graft cover, with 4 patients (7.8%) experiencing OFG stenosis requiring stent or surgical correction. 98 patients received the novel technique with none (0.0%) showing signs of graft stenosis, representing a significant difference (p=.002). Conclusion This “Graft over Graft” OFG protection technique using original excess outflow graft is a safe, reproducible, and cost-effective method to reduce the risk of OFG stenosis and maintains protection during sternal reentry.
Coexistence of Brachial Plexus-Anterior Scalene and Sciatic Nerve-Piriformis Variants

The trunks of the brachial plexus typically pass through the interscalene triangle, between the anterior and middle scalene muscles and superior to the first rib. Likewise, the two components of the sciatic nerve, tibial and common fibular nerves, usually join and pass together inferior to the piriformis muscle. We present a cadaver with anatomic variations of both the right brachial plexus-interscalene triangle relationship and the sciatic nerve-piriformis relationship. The right brachial plexus C5 and C6 roots formed the superior trunk as they passed through a bifurcated anterior scalene muscle, while the C7, C8, and T1 roots passed posterior to the anterior scalene. After passing through the left greater sciatic foramen, the sciatic nerve branched into the common fibular and tibial nerves, which passed through and inferior to the piriformis muscle, respectively. The presence of these anatomic variations may predispose individuals to symptomatic nerve entrapments such as thoracic outlet syndrome and piriformis syndrome. This finding is relevant to clinicians performing invasive procedures and diagnosing neurological conditions.
Plant Genetic Control of Nodulation in Legumes

This article summarizes recent findings with our supernodulation (nts) and nonnodulation (nod) mutants of soybean. The nonnodulation mutant nod 139 (unable to curl root hairs and to develop subepidermal cell divisions) does not induce the autoregulation response that controls nodulation. In contrast, nonnodulation mutant nod49 (also unable to curl root hairs, but able to induce some cortical cell divisions) induces autoregulation as effectively as the wild type. Since we perceive autoregulation of nodulation to be an arrest of nodule development, we postulate that cell division associated events signal the shoot of the plant of their activity and that the shoot responds by restricting their further development. We discovered a second nodulation control mechanism, recognized by nodule excision, which acts independently of, and after the autoregulation mechanism, and is different in soybean and alfalfa. Using RFLP mapping we were able to position the nts locus on linkage group F. We are using chromosome walking strategies to clarify the relation between the genetic and physical distance between closely linked loci. Nodules formed in the absence of Rhizobium (Nar) share functional and structural properties with Rhizobium-induced nodules. Alfalfa plants with 100% Nar progeny were selected. Observations like the above suggest that the plant controls the entire nodulation ontogeny and that the bacterium has evolved to activate the process in restrictive genotypes.
The diurnally-averaged aerosol direct radiative effect and the use of the daytime-mean and insolation-weighted-mean solar zenith angles

Abstract This study examines the application of the daytime-mean and insolation-weighted-mean solar zenith angles to calculate the diurnally-averaged aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE), DREDA, for observed clear-sky conditions at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) and Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) sites. As compared with the reference calculation, the DREDA are too strong (i.e., more negative) using daytime-mean solar zenith angles (DTMSZA) and are too weak (i.e., less negative) using insolation-weighted-mean solar zenith angles (IWMSZA). The biases in the DREDA for DTMSZA (IWMSZA) are about −0.8 (0.7) W m − 2 at the TOA and about −1.5 (0.9) W m − 2 at the surface. Noting the mean TOA DREDA of −2.85 W m − 2 and the surface DREDA of −7.09 W m − 2 at SGP, the relative biases for DTMSZA (IWMSZA) are 26% (−24%) for the TOA DREDA, and 17% (−11%) for the surface DREDA. At TWP, the mean TOA DREDA is −2.81 W m − 2 and the surface DREDA is −11.84 W m − 2 , which corresponds to relative biases for DTMSZA (IWMSZA) of 29% (−27%) for the TOA DREDA and 15% (−9%) for the surface DREDA. By introducing an adjusted insolation-weighted-mean solar zenith angle, the mean biases in the DREDA at the TOA becomes −0.09 W m − 2 , and the biases in the DREDA at the surface are about −0.41 W m − 2 . Also presented are the effects of using the mean solar zenith angles on the shortwave (SW) upward fluxes at the TOA and SW downward fluxes at the surface in both clear-sky and pristine-clear-sky (i.e., gases only) conditions.
Designing Dynamic Materials from Dynamic Bonds to Macromolecular Architecture

Introducing dynamic and exchangeable bonds can breathe life into polymers by imparting self-healing, enhanced toughness, or adaptability to the material. Synergies between the exchangeable bonds and the polymer’s architectural features can facilitate the dynamic exchange pathways and tune the material’s thermal and mechanical properties. In recent years, numerous dynamic chemistries and architectural variations have been used to develop superior dynamic polymer materials. This article highlights the diversity of dynamic bonds and the polymer architectures used in dynamic polymers, with a focus on how the interplay of dynamic bonds and polymer architecture can be used to develop advanced materials. Finally, this article highlights how judicious choice of the polymer’s architectural features could be used to realize applications of dynamic materials.
Assessing In Situ Phosphoinositide-Protein Interactions Through Fluorescence Proximity Ligation Assay in Cultured Cells

Proximity ligation assay (PLA) is a well-established method for detecting in situ interactions between two epitopes with high resolution and specificity. Notably, PLA is not only a robust method for studying protein-protein interaction but also an efficient approach to characterize and validate protein posttranslational modifications (PTM) using one antibody against the core protein and one against the PTM residue. Therefore, it could be applied as a powerful approach to detect specific interactions of endogenous phosphoinositides and their binding proteins within cells. Importantly, we have specifically detected the PLA signal between PtdIns(4,5)P2 and its binding effector p53 in the nucleus. This cutting-edge method fully complements other conventional approaches for studying phosphoinositide-protein interactions and provides important localization signals and robust quantitation of the detected interactions. Here, we present the PLA fluorescence protocol for detecting in situ phosphoinositide-protein interactions in cultured cells and is semiquantitative for interactions that are regulated by cellular signaling.
Trauma-Informed Care on Labor and Delivery

The integration of trauma-informed care practices into the care of obstetric patients requires an understanding of psychological trauma, its impact on this population, and how trauma-informed care can be adapted to improve outcomes for those patients with a previous history of trauma or for those that experience peripartum trauma. System-based changes to policies, protocols, and practices are needed to achieve sustainable change. Maternal morbidity and mortality that result from trauma-related and other mental health conditions in the peripartum period are significant. Innovative approaches to the prevention of negative birth experiences and retraumatization during labor and delivery are needed.
Chain Reactions of Organomercury Halides Involving Electron Transfer

Radical anions or neutral radicals which are easily oxidized will undergo a dissociative electron transfer reaction with RHgX. The rate of this process increases significantly from R = 1°-alkyl to 3°-alkyl (k(t-Bu): k(n-Bu ≈ 1000:1). Chain reactions ensue when the alkyl radical thus formed can regenerate a donor radical (D·) or radical anion (D· -) by (a) SH2 reaction with Y-D, (b) addition to an electron-rich alkene or to an anion, or (c) by addition-elimination in the system ZCH=CHD. 1-Alkenylmercury halides will react with radicals (R· or Q·) by the addition-elimination sequence to form monomeric ClHg· which will undergo electron transfer with easily oxidized anions (Q-) or Hg(Q)2 to generate Q·. Carbon-centered acceptor radicals (A·), formed by addition of R· to an electron-poor alkene, will react with RHgCl by SH2 substitution at Hg. For some carbon-centered radicals, such as enolate-type radicals, this process is inefficient. In these cases, addition of an easily oxidized anion, such as I-, can result in an efficient chain process in which A· oxidizes I- to I· which readily reacts with RHgCl to cycle R· in a chain process.
Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (AOMIP): Travel Support for Workshops

Abstract : Our long-term goal is to improve arctic sea ice--ocean numerical models by fostering communication and collaboration among the international modeling community. The specific objective of this project was to fund travel to AOMIP workshops by scientists who are new to the field (e.g, graduate students and post-docs), with additional funding for use by Navy modelers and by other key senior modelers who provide insight for the younger scientists.
Design and optimization of an omnidirectional humanoid walk: a winning approach at the RoboCup 2011 3D simulation competition

This paper presents the design and learning architecture for an omnidirectional walk used by a humanoid robot soccer agent acting in the RoboCup 3D simulation environment. The walk, which was originally designed for and tested on an actual Nao robot before being employed in the 2011 RoboCup 3D simulation competition, was the crucial component in the UT Austin Villa team winning the competition in 2011. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that robot behavior has been conceived and constructed on a real robot for the end purpose of being used in simulation. The walk is based on a double linear inverted pendulum model, and multiple sets of its parameters are optimized via a novel framework. The framework optimizes parameters for different tasks in conjunction with one another, a little-understood problem with substantial practical significance. Detailed experiments show that the UT Austin Villa agent significantly outperforms all the other agents in the competition with the optimized walk being the key to its success.
Abstract ES5-1: Adherence and persistence with adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy

Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are medications that inhibit the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogens, resulting in suppression of estrogen production in postmenopausal women. Treatment of postmenopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor positive breast cancer with adjuvant AI therapy for 5 years has resulted in significant improvements in disease free and overall survival. Despite their proven benefit, however, adherence to and persistence with AI therapy is poor. A key reason for non-persistence with therapy is the development of bothersome side effects that can have a negative impact on quality of life. Retrospective analyses have identified possible predictors of poor tolerance of therapy. Studies have also suggested that development of toxicity may be associated with better response to therapy. Because of the concern about non-persistence with therapy, especially in the setting of prescription of an oral medication for many years, there has been considerable research into understanding the mechanism underlying development of toxicity as well as treatment of these side effects. Ultimately the goal is to improve breast cancer survival outcomes while minimizing the negative impact of therapy on quality of life. Citation Format: Norah Lynn Henry. Adherence and persistence with adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-1.
Full-Scale Lateral Load Tests of Pile Groups

Twenty 10BP42 steel piles were driven in cohesive soil, six piles in each of three groups and two isolated single piles (one vertical and one batter). Two of the pile groups consisted of piles spaced 3 ft (0.9-m) apart and one group consisted of piles at 4-ft (1.2-m) spacing. The third group also featured a 3-ft (0.9-m) spacing but four of the piles were battered, 3.5 vertical to 1 horizontal. The results indicate that each pile in a group with 4-ft (1.2-m) spacing had a lateral load resistance approximately 3 to 6 times that of a single isolated vertical pile; for a group having 3-ft (0.9-m) spacing, the lateral capacity per pile was only about twice that of a single pile. For a given lateral load, the pile group with batter piles deflected laterally only 1/3 to 1/2 as much as the pile group with vertical piles only. The maximum positive moments in the piles in the group with 3-ft (0.9-m) spacing (Group II) were 1.6 times those in the piles with 4-ft (1.2-m) spacing.
Molecular analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid: a comparative analysis with current practice of diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: The management of patients with pancreatic cysts is based on the preoperative distinction of nonmucinous and mucinous cysts in general and of benign and malignant cysts in particular. An accurate diagnosis is challenging, because endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and cyst fluid analysis for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytology have low sensitivity and specificity. Currently, molecular analysis is a commercially available test that promises an accurate diagnosis. The objective of the current study was to correlate a commercially provided molecular diagnosis (MDx) with a clinical consensus diagnosis (CCD) in the general categories of malignant, benign mucinous, and benign nonmucinous pancreatic cysts. METHODS: Pancreatic cysts that had aspirated fluid submitted for a commercially available molecular test (PathFinderTG) were reviewed. The CCD, defined by histology, malignant cytology, or 2 concordant tests (such as EUS, cytology, or CEA � 192 ng/mL for mucinous cysts), was categorized as malignant, benign mucinous, or benign nonmucinous cyst in 35 patients. Their MDx, based on the PathFinderTG report, including analysis of k-ras mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and quantity/quality of DNA, also was classified as malignant, benign mucinous, or benign nonmucinous cyst. These 2 diagnoses were compared and correlated. RESULTS: The concordance between CCD and MDx was 5 of 6 (83%), 13 of 15 (87%), and 13 of 14 (93%), respectively, for malignant, benign mucinous, and benign nonmucinous cysts, with an overall Cohen kappa statistic of 0.816. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the MDx were 83%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for a malignant cyst and 86%, 93%, and 95%, respectively for a benign mucinous cyst. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid adds diagnostic value to the preoperative diagnosis with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of malignant and benign mucinous pancreatic cysts. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009;117:217–27. V C 2009 American Cancer
Developments in Retail Logistics

Abstract In this article, the authors distinguish between in-store and out-store logistics. While the first may generate more value for the customer in terms of ease of shopping, pleasant ambience among other psychological factors, the second deals with cost cutting and generating better financial choices for the customer. Whereas both of these are critical and must have an interactive, synergistic effect, the in-store logistics force the retailer to control the total supply chain and the out-store logistics creates temptation for the suppliers and/or logistics firms to control the total supply chain. While the out-store logistics appear to play a major role in large scale retailing, in-store logistics are more critical for small scale retailers. Six key research propositions are presented throughout the paper to be used in the exploration of this rather neglected area. The authors maintain that if the overall function of the supply chain were to generate optimal results, the in-store and out-store logist...
Effects of a Synthetic Allosteric Modifier of Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity on Outcome From Global Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat

Background and Purpose —Neuronal injury results from an insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain. This experiment examined whether a pharmacologically induced rightward shift of the partial pressure of oxygen at which 50% of hemoglobin is saturated (P50) would improve outcome from either incomplete and/or near-complete forebrain ischemia–induced hypoxia in the rat. Methods —For incomplete ischemia (attenuated electroencephalogram), fasted rats (n=17 to 19 per group) were given a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (RSR13; 150 mg/kg IV) before or immediately after 20 minutes of bilateral carotid occlusion combined with a decrease in mean arterial pressure to 40 mm Hg. For near-complete ischemia (isoelectric electroencephalogram), rats (n=15 per group) were given RSR13 (150 mg/kg) at onset of reperfusion after 10 minutes of bilateral carotid occlusion combined with a decrease in mean arterial pressure to 30 mm Hg. In both experiments, control rats were given vehicle (0.9% NaCl IV) only. Outcome (defined as percent dead hippocampal CA1 neurons) was determined at 5 days after ischemia. Results —RSR13 (150 mg/kg) produced a 68% rightward shift of P50 (34±3 to 57±8 mm Hg). RSR13 reduced CA1 damage resulting from incomplete ischemia by 28% ( P =0.02), but only when administered at the onset of reperfusion. RSR13 had no effect on outcome from near-complete ischemia. Conclusions —A postischemic pharmacologically induced increase in P50 may improve outcome from incomplete global cerebral ischemia. More severe (near-complete) ischemia negates this benefit.
Incentives to participate in clinical trials: practical and ethical considerations

Abstract Background Clinical trials often offer incentives to encourage individuals to enroll and to enhance follow-up. The scope and nature of incentives used in emergency department (ED)-based trials are unknown. Objectives The objective of this study is to characterize the quantity and quality of incentives and other forms of compensation used in clinical trials of human subjects recruited in US EDs. A secondary goal is to provide an historical and ethical analysis of the use of incentives in clinical trials. Methods We reviewed English-language randomized clinical trials conducted in US EDs from 2009 to 2013. Full text of the studies was reviewed to identify whether incentives were used, their value, and timing. Funding source was noted as well. Data are presented with descriptive statistics. Results Of 1151 articles identified, 76 (6.6%) fit criteria for review. Of these, 7 (9.2%) provided incentive payments. A recently published eighth trial was included as well. The total cash value of incentives offered ranged from $10 to $195. Four studies offered payment at enrollment only. Incentives included cash, debit cards, and gift cards. Conclusion The use of financial incentives in ED-based trials is uncommon. Studies that use incentives are generally extramurally funded, usually by a federal agency, and include waves of follow-up that continue after discharge from the ED. Payment size is modest. Incentives may improve recruitment and retention in ED-based trials, but authoritative data are lacking. Investigators need to take care to avoid incentives that may be coercive or unduly influence research participants.
Persistent Anterior Fontanel in a Normal Child: Case Report

Persistence of the anterior fontanel has been described in a variety of congenital and metabolic disorders, but to our knowledge there is no recorded discussion of failure of closure of this structure in an otherwise normal child. We recently encountered a 3½-year-old patient whose anterior fontanel was widely patent without evidence of abnormal membranous bone formation, underlying cortical dysgenetic problems, or failure of normal physical and intellectual development. CASE REPORT This 3½-year-old white girl, the product of a normal gestation, was referred for continued patency of the anterior fontanel. The child was totally asymptomatic. On examination, a pulsatile irregular 5x6-cm anterior fontanel was noted.
Effect of Whole Saliva Components on Enamel Demineralization In Vitro

The aim of the present study was to use an in vitro enamel demineralization model (1) to confirm that whole saliva pretreatment conferred acid resistance to dental enamel and (2) to determine whether this phenomenon was attributable to specific salivary proteins, minerals, lipids, or some combination of these. Crowns of human teeth, each with one exposed window, were prepared in groups of ten. They were each pretreated by immersion individually in 4 ml of either (1) clarified whole saliva for 18, 72, or 168 h, (2) dialyzed saliva (3500 MWCO membrane), (3) the "flow-through" fraction from a DEAE separation of whole saliva (neutral and basic proteins), (4) the "eluted" fraction of a DEAE separation of whole saliva (anionic proteins), or (5) a combination of salivary lipids and the DEAE "flow-through" fraction of whole saliva (neutral and basic proteins). Control groups were group 6 with no pretreatment, group 7 pretreated for 168 h in a borate buffer (5 mmol/l), and group 8 pretreated in a mineral solution containing calcium (0.7 mmol/l) and phosphate (2.6 mmol/l). The crowns were then demineralized for 7 d in vitro (0.1 mol/l acetate, 1 mmol/l Ca and phosphate, pH 5.0) to produce artificial caries-like lesions. Lesions were assessed by cross-sectional microhardness profiles, and mineral loss (delta Z, micron x vol% mineral) calculated. Mineral loss (delta Z) values decreased linearly with the square root of time of pretreatment by whole saliva, confirming a time-dependent protective effect of salivary pellicle against demineralization of enamel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Testing adaptive jamming cancellation algorithms using a digital beamforming array

Radar antennas offer jamming resilience by providing a controlled radiation pattern such that minimal gain can be directed towards the source of jamming. In this paper we present our efforts towards evaluating the jamming cancellation performance of a number of adaptive beamforming techniques, using data collected from a 32-element digital array when wideband jammers, placed in the far-field of the array, were used as sources of jamming. The jammer cancellation techniques investigated included /spl Sigma/-Aux sidelobe cancellation, /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ mainlobe cancellation, and fully adaptive array cancellation techniques. Cancellation ratio, null-depth and antenna pattern are used as the quantitative measures of ECCM performance throughout this work.
Characterization of three novel monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus core protein

Three novel monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were established against a recombinant hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein derived from cloned genotype 1b HCV cDNA. MAbs C7-50 and C8-59 recognize a conserved linear epitope represented by amino acid residues 21 to 40 of the nucleocapsid protein. MAb C8-48 is directed against a strain-specific conformational epitope located within the first 82 amino acids. A sensitive two-site MAb-based immunoradiometric assay was established using antibodies directed against distinct epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein. Processed 21 kDa core protein was detected by immunoblotting in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and primary adult rat hepatocytes transfected with a cytomegalovirus promoter-driven expression construct. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies revealed a granular and vesicular cytoplasmic staining pattern. MAb C7-50 was used successfully to detect HCV core antigen in chronically infected chimpanzee liver tissue. These MAbs represent important reagents for the study of HCV biology and for the development of immunodiagnostic assays.
Deposition of H2S and dimethyl sulfide on selected soil materials

Abstract Although much work has been done on the dry deposition of oxidized atmospheric sulfur containing species onto ground level surfaces, little is known of the rates of deposition of reduced sulfur compounds. Here we report on laboratory measurements of deposition velocities of H 2 S and dimethylsulfide (DMS) on selected soil samples. Measured deposition velocities lie in the range of 0.015–0.28 cm sec −1 for various gas-soil pairs. These are likely to be upper limits for dry deposition of H 2 S and DMS in the environment since the laboratory results, which include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) experiments, suggest that the observed deposition velocities are due primarily to reversible physical adsorption. Irreversible surface reactions leading to permanent removal of H 2 S and DMS are much slower. Quantitative estimates of dry deposition of these species, in conjunction with relevant results from the literature, suggest this process is unlikely to be environmentally important for H 2 S and DMS.
Surgical Treatment of Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta Analysis of Seventy-Two Cases

Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta is an extremely serious condition that pursues a rapidly fatal course in more than 75 per cent of cases. Follow-up data on 72 patients surgically treated indicate that effective surgical treatment significantly alters the course of the disease and in the majority of instances removes the threat of death by rupture. The operative mortality rate in these 72 patients was 26 per cent. For lesions occurring distal to the left subclavian artery, resection of the descending thoracic aorta with replacement by aortic graft utilizing hypothermia or the bypass pump was successful in 80 per cent of cases. Most patients surviving operation have been able to resume previous activities with minimal risk of sudden death from rupture of the aneurysm or failure of the aortic graft. The importance of recognizing the characteristic clinical manifestations, of making precise roentgenographic diagnosis, and of instituting effective surgical treatment in the management of dissecting aortic aneur...
Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of construction workers' use of hearing protection

The health promotion model (HPM) was tested as a causal model of construction workers' use of hearing protection (N = 359). Theoretical and exploratory models fit well, with the theoretical model accounting for 36.3% of variance and the exploratory model accounting for 50.6% of variance in hearing protection use. Value of use (benefits of using hearing protection), barriers to use, and self-efficacy were significant predictors in both the theoretical and exploratory models, but perceived health status was a predictor only in the theoretical model. In the exploratory model, where modifying factors were allowed direct relationships with use of hearing protection, two modifying factors--noise exposure and interpersonal influences-modeling--were significant predictors. Results of this test of the HPM are consistent with the revised HPM (Pender, 1996). There were significant direct paths from modifying factors to behaviour. Use of hearing protection was best predicted by behavior-specific predictors, such as perceived barriers to use of hearing protection. Results support the use of the HPM to predict use of hearing protection.
Corrosion Inhibition of N,N- diethylammonium O,O′- di (p-chlorophenyl) dithiophosphate for Carbon Steel in HCL Solution

A new corrosion inhibior N,N-diethylammonium O,O-di (p-chlorophenyl) dithiophosphate (EDPDP) has been synthesized and its inhibition effect towards the corrosion of carbon steel in 1.0 molL-1 HCl solution at 25 °C has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The obtained results show that EDPDP is a excellent inhibitor and the inhibition efficiencies exceed 90 %. The polarization measurements reveal that EDPDP is a mixed type inhibitor and the equivalent circuit model of the corrosion inhibition process is obtained by the analysis of EIS data.
Objectifying when to halt a boxing match: a video analysis of fatalities.

OBJECTIVE: Although numerous prestigious medical organizations have called for its abolishment, participation in the sport of boxing has reached an all-time high among both men and women, and its elimination is unlikely in the near future. Physicians should strive to increase boxing safety by improving the rules of competition, which have evolved minimally over the past two centuries. Currently, subjective criteria are used to determine whether or not a contest should be halted. Developing a standardized, objective method of determining when a contest should be halted would be a significant paradigm shift and could increase the safety of the sport's participants. This study analyzed the number and types of punches landed in a typical professional match, in bouts considered to be competitive and in those that ended in fatalities, to determine whether or not this would be a practical method of differentiating between these groups. METHODS: Three groups of professional boxing matches were defined at the beginning of the study: 1) a "fatal" group, consisting of bouts that resulted in the death of a participant; 2) a "classic" group that represented competitive matches; and 3) a "control" group of 4000 professional boxing matches representing the average bout. A computer program known as Punchstat (Compubox, Inc., Manorville, NY) was used in the objective analysis of these matches via videotape playback. RESULTS: Several statistically significant differences were discovered between matches that resulted in fatalities and the control group. These include the number of punches landed per round, the number of power punches landed per round, and the number of power punches thrown per round by losing boxers. However, when the fatal bouts were compared with the most competitive bouts, these differences were no longer evident. CONCLUSION: Based on the data analyzed between the control and fatal-bout groups, a computerized method of counting landed blows at ringside could provide sufficient data to stop matches that might result in fatalities. However, such a process would become less effective as matches become more competitive, and implementing such a change would significantly decrease the competitive nature of the sport. Therefore, other methods of quantifying acceleration-deceleration brain injuries are necessary to improve the safety of boxing. Language: en