cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Media and Democracy: Fostering Political Deliberation and Participation

A democracy extends beyond partisan politics. The current study examines how a social media video about the environment can spark political deliberation and participation. Drawing from normative de...
Chapter 12 – Biogeographical and Evolutionary Aspects of Seed Dormancy

Publisher Summary The objective of this chapter is to formulate hypotheses concerning the origins and evolutionary relationships of the various types of seed dormancy. However, before significant hypotheses are generated, information is provided on various subjects. The subjects are world biogeography of seed dormancy types, and theoretical reasons why seed dormancy has evolved, and also paleoclimatic data. Next, it presents the record of embryos and seeds of fossils and phylogenetic position of families whose seeds have each type of dormancy. Moreover, it also provides fossil records at first appearance of families with each type of dormancy, and family tree of seed phylogeny, and type of embryo and the presumed age of the family. Morphological dormancy is never very important (maximum of 4% in temperate broadleaved evergreen forests), and it tends to be more common in both tropical/subtropical and temperate/arctic regions in vegetation types with the highest precipitation and temperatures, that is tropical rain forest, and temperate broadleaved evergreen forests, respectively. Morphophysiological dormancy is known in all types of species (trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs) in temperate broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forests, and in shrubs and herbs of steppe, matorral, and boreal vegetation, but only in herbs of cold deserts and tundra.
Abstract 312: Association of Electronic Health Record Documented Contraindications and Adverse Events in Patients Undergoing Peripheral Catheter Directed Thrombolysis

Background: Standardized documentation of contraindications for catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and its association with adverse events (AEs) is unknown. We reviewed the presence of contraindi...
Modulation of Interleukin-1 and -18 Mediated Injury in Donation after Circulatory Death Mouse Hearts.

Abstract Background Donation after circulatory death donors (DCD) can expand the donor pool for heart transplantation, which primarily depends on brain death donors. Ischemia and reperfusion injury are inherent to the DCD process. We hypothesize that pharmacologic inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and/or IL-18 is protective to DCD hearts. Materials and methods Following clinical protocol, in-situ ischemia time in control beating-heart donor (CBD) and DCD groups was less than 5 and 40 min, respectively. Wild type (WT) C57Bl6/j, IL-1 receptor type I knockout (IL-1RI-KO), and IL-18 KO mice were used. Hearts were reanimated for 90 min on a Langendorff system with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37°C, to assess physiologic parameters. Recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and/or IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) were added to the Krebs-Henseleit buffer to inhibit IL-1 and/or the IL-18 signaling, respectively. Results Developed pressure and ± dP/dt were significantly impaired in the DCD-WT group compared to CBD-WT (P ≤ 0.05). Troponin release was higher in DCD-WT groups. Functional parameters were preserved, and troponin release was significantly less in the DCD knockout groups. Heart function was improved in DCD groups treated with IL-1Ra or IL-18BP compared to the DCD-WT group. Conclusions Heart function was significantly impaired in the DCD-WT group compared to CBD-WT. Genetic deletion or pharmacologic blockade of IL-1 or IL-18 was protective to DCD hearts.
Making a Modern Central Bank

Making a Modern Central Bank examines a revolution in monetary and economic policy. This authoritative guide explores how the Bank of England shifted its traditional mechanisms to accommodate a newly internationalized financial and economic system. The Bank's transformation into a modern inflation-targeting independent central bank allowed it to focus on a precisely defined task of monetary management, ensuring price stability. The reframing of the task of central banks, however, left them increasingly vulnerable to financial crisis. James vividly outlines and discusses significant historical developments in UK monetary policy, and his knowledge of modern European history adds rich context to archival research on the Bank of England's internal documents. A worthy continuation of the previous official histories of the Bank of England, this book also reckons with contemporary issues, shedding light on the origins of growing backlash against globalization and the European Union.
Information Aggregation via Contracting

Much has been studied about the role of the market in information aggregation. This paper argues that a well-designed contract in general, and some simple affine contract under standard conditions in specific, could play a similar role. Our results revisit a simple question: When a group of investors with dispersed private information simultaneously invest in a risky project, how should they divide the project payoff? The results also shed new light on institution-market relationships and provide potential guidance for several emerging FinTech applications.
Neck Pain and Cervicogenic Headaches

Further categorized by the ICHD-2, cervicogenic headaches have undergone a change in diagnostic criteria to include headaches originating from the neck and spreading into the head with further criteria such that it is differentiated from migraine, tension headaches, and myofascial pain. Facet-mediated pain is the primary culprit with diagnostic nerve blocks confirming diagnosis. Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria, anatomy, and conservative treatments is necessary for pain providers given the frequency with which cervicogenic headaches and neck pain will present.
Challenges in Lung Re-Transplantation Following Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Introduction Despite lung re-transplantation is becoming more frequent, it continues to present several challenges in regards to the management of immunosuppression and infectious risks. We present a case of invasive aspergillosis that highlights the risks associated with increasing immunosuppression after re-transplantation due to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Case Report Patient is 30 years-old male who underwent primary bilateral lung transplant in December 2016 due to H1N1 Influenza and respiratory failure. His immunosuppression regimen included tacrolimus, prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In June 2018, the patient developed evidence of a significant lung function decline, multiple de novo donor-specific antibodies, including DR17 and DQ2, and acute cellular rejection along with endarteritis on lung biopsy. His initial AMR therapy protocol included intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin and carfilzomib. Due to the persistence of circulating DSAs and lung function decline, he received also rituximab and monthly belatacept. Eventually, the patient underwent re-transplantation due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction in June 2019. His immunosuppression included tacrolimus, prednisone, MMF, IVIG and belatacept. In November 2019, the patient developed headache, blurry vision and seizure. He was found to have a left parietal lobe abscess requiring resection (figure 1A). Pathology and cultures confirmed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Belatacept and MMF were held. He was treated successfully for 12 months with voriconazole with resolution of symptoms and improved brain imaging (figure 1B). Summary The management of immunosuppression in the setting of AMR and re-transplantaion poses several challenges. However, lung re-transplantation remains an ethically justified measures in highly selected patients.
Transnational Extremism, Social Media and the State

This paper examines why extremism has become a supranational phenomenon. It aims to illuminate to the understanding opportunities for nation-states, intergovernmental organizations, NGOs and influential individuals interested in the study of, or the fight against global extremism. Using the qualitative method, this paper relies on peer-reviewed literature of scientific journals and government reports from a variety of disciplines such as sociology, psychology and criminal justice. The multidisciplinary quality of the literature review aims to solidify the argumentative reasoning leading to the conclusion. The paper finds that although other actors are important, the state remains the most important and best equipped actor to deal with global extremism.
Will they Stay or will they Go: Collective Engagement and Turnover Volatility during the Pandemic

Using a large, geographically dispersed organization designated as “essential” and required to stay open during the COVID-19 crisis, we examine the relative influence of store-level versus macro-le...
Spin current distribution in antiferromagnetic zigzag graphene nanoribbons under transverse electric fields

The spin current transmission properties of narrow zigzag graphene nanoribbons (zGNRs) have been the focus of much computational research, investigating the potential application of zGNRs in spintronic devices. Doping, fuctionalization, edge modification, and external electric fields have been studied as methods for spin current control, and the performance of zGNRs initialized in both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin states has been modeled. Recent work has shown that precise fabrication of narrow zGNRs is possible, and has addressed long debated questions on their magnetic order and stability. This work has revived interest in the application of antiferromagnetic zGNR configurations in spintronics. A general ab initio analysis of narrow antiferromagnetic zGNR performance under a combination of bias voltage and transverse electric field loading shows that their current transmission characteristics differ sharply from those of their ferromagnetic counterparts. At relatively modest field strengths, both majority and minority spin currents react strongly to the applied field. Analysis of band gaps and current transmission pathways explains the presence of negative differential resistance effects and the development of spatially periodic electron transport structures in these nanoribbons.
The Utilization of Arabic Calligraphy to Inspire Modern Arabic Type Designs: ربا حسن أبو حسنة

يعتبر الخط العربي من أعظم انجازات الفن الإسلامي، حيث يعد الشكل البصري للخط العربي هو الوسيلة الأساسية لتقديم الأفكار والرسائل للتواصل التعبيري في الخطوط العربية. فقد كان لظهور التقنيات الرقمية أثر واضح في تطوير خطوط عربية رقمية؛ ولكن انطلاقا من رؤية المملكة العربية السعودية 2030 و الاهتمام الملحوظ بالتصاميم والتطور المتزايد في حاجة السوق والصناعات السعودية، فإن الخطوط الرقمية التقليدية المتوفرة غير كافية من حيث العدد والجودة لتلبية المتطلبات التصميمية الحالية في الصناعة السعودية وعليه هناك حاجة لتطوير تصاميم خطوط عربية تتماشى مع متطلبات العصر. لذلك ركزت الدراسة الحالية على الخطوات التي يتبعها المصممين الجرافيكين لإنشاء تصميمات حروف عربية رقمية حديثة مستوحاة من الخط العربي وذلك للوصول إلى مجموعة من الإرشادات للمصممين لتطوير تصميمات حروف عربية حديثة مستوحاة من الخط العربي.وقد اعتمدت الدراسة منهجا تجريبيا ووصفيا مختلطا. تم فيها تحليل المعايير التالية للخطوط محل الدراسة: 1) تفاصيل حول المصمم. 2) مصدر إلهام الخط؛ 3) نمط الخط؛ و 4) الاستخداماتوالخطوط التي تمت دراستها هي : 1) خط الهدهد. 2) خط الثريا. 3) خط جريتا العربي؛ 4) خط Fedra العربي ؛ 5) خط مشمش ؛ 6) خط المزخرف. 7) العربية @ Cooper ؛ 8) الكتابة بخط اليد العربية. 9) جود فونت. 10) ديدوت العربية
There’s an app for that: educational intervention to promote mobile health management app use in rural Ireland

Throughout the world, individuals who live in rural areas often experience health disparities because of limited access to health-care providers and services (Ahern and Hine 2015; Bauer and Bodenhe...
Maximum Uniquely Partitionable Multisets.

For positive integers $n$ and $m$, consider a multiset of non-empty subsets of $[m]$ such that there is a \textit{unique} partition of these subsets into $n$ partitions of $[m]$. We constructively determine the maximum possible size $g(n,m)$ of such a multiset in the regime $n \geq 2^{m-1} - O(2^{\frac{m}{2}})$. For $n \leq 2^{m-1} - 1$, we show that $g(n,m) \geq \Omega(\frac{nm}{\log n})$. In the regime $n = 2^{cm}$ for any $c \in (0,1)$, this lower bound simplifies to $\Omega(\frac{n}{c})$, and we show a matching upper bound $g(n,m) \leq O(\frac{n}{c}\log(\frac{1}{c}))$ that is optimal up to a factor of $\log(\frac{1}{c})$. We also provide a graph-theoretic motivation of the problem and suggest some questions for future work.
Scripture in Context: James A. Sanders’ Contributions to Biblical Studies:

James A. Sanders, Scripture in Its Historical Contexts. Vol. I: Text, Canon, and Qumran and Scripture in Its Historical Contexts. Vol. II: Exegesis, Hermeneutics, and Theology. Edited by Craig A. E...
Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies

History of filoviral disease outbreaks.- Clinical presentation of filoviral disease.- Filoviral disease pathology.- Geographic distribution of filoviruses: serological surveys.- Ecology of filoviruses: search for reservoirs.- Cultivation of filoviruses.- Molecular characteristics of filoviruses.- Laboratory diagnosis of filoviral disease.- Outbreak containment.- Inactivation of filoviruses and disinfection protocols.- Vaccine development.- Treatment of filoviral disease.- Appendix: Members of the Filoviridae Study Group, ICTV.
Wide Range CTOD Estimation Formulae for SE(B) Specimens

Fracture testing of single edge notch bend, SE(B), specimens containing shallow cracks is often undertaken to match constraint conditions between specimen and structure, thereby obtaining a more accurate assessment of structural integrity However, standardized methods for measuring fracture toughness in terms of the crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) do not currently provide formulae which relate experimentally measurable quantities to CTOD for shallow cracks. A CTOD estimation equation, based on results from plane-strain finite element analyses, is proposed to fill this gap. This equation applies to specimens having a wide range of crack depths (0.05 ≤ a/W ≤ 0.70) and Ramberg-Osgood work hardening exponents (4 ≤ n s 50). The proposed equation provides CTOD estimates which are up to five times more accurate than those obtained using the procedures recommended by ASTM E1290. This improved accuracy is achieved by estimating the plastic part of CTOD from a work-like quantity rather than as a scalar multiple of CMOD p l (as is done in E1290). Accuracy improvements of the new equation over the E1290 equation are especially notable for materials having a moderate to high work hardening capacity because the linear proportionality that E1290 assumes between CTOD p l and CMOD p l breaks down in the presence of work hardening. A procedure for estimating the value of the work hardening exponent (n) from the results of a simple tension test is presented and validated. Use of this procedure permits routine application of the proposed CTOD estimation equation in the characterization of fracture toughness. The only material property data that is needed to apply this equation in addition to that currently required by E1290 is the ultimate tensile strength.
Military sexual trauma among recent veterans: correlates of sexual assault and sexual harassment

INTRODUCTION: Military sexual trauma (MST) includes sexual harassment or sexual assault that occurs during military service and is of increasing public health concern. The population prevalence of MST among female and male veterans who served during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) has not been estimated to our knowledge. The purpose of this study is to assess the population prevalence and identify military correlates of MST, sexual harassment, and sexual assault among OEF/OIF veterans. METHODS: MST was assessed in the 2009-2011 National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans, a survey of 60,000 veterans who served during the OEF/OIF eras (response rate, 34%, n=20,563). Weighted prevalence estimates and AORs of MST, sexual harassment, and sexual assault among women and men were calculated. Gender-stratified logistic regression models controlled for military and demographic characteristics. Data analyses were conducted in 2013-2014. RESULTS: Approximately 41% of women and 4% of men reported experiencing MST. Deployed men had lower risk for MST compared with non-deployed men, though no difference was found among women. However, veterans reporting combat exposure during deployment had increased risk for MST compared with those without, while controlling for OEF/OIF deployment. Among women, Marines and Navy veterans had increased risk for MST compared with Air Force veterans. MST was significantly higher among veterans who reported using Veterans Affairs healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS: These prevalence estimates underscore the importance of public awareness and continued investigation of the public health impact of MST. Language: en
A Chemical-Proteomic Platform to Investigate Cysteine S-Nitrosation

Cysteine residues on proteins play numerous functional roles as catalytic nucleophiles, redox-active disulfides, or metal-binding residues. Outside of their direct role in catalysis, cysteines can ...
Types of Cycles in Hypergraphs

We survey some of the meanings which have been attached to word “cycle” in hypergraph theory. Besides the well-known definition due to Berge, and some recent variations of it, we consider several definitions arising when properties of cycles in graphs are taken as a starting point.
Taking notes at the reference desk: assessing and improving student learning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess student perceptions of their learning during reference transactions and to evaluate a note-taking strategy developed to improve the quality of learning during reference encounters. Design/methodology/approach – Students were surveyed following a reference interaction and were asked, “What did you learn today?”. Based on the authors results, librarians developed a Reference Notes form encouraging librarians and students to take notes during reference transactions, highlighting terms, concepts and strategies. The forms were assessed with a modified version of the initial student survey to determine their effectiveness. Student survey results were analyzed, and librarians also provided feedback via surveys and discussions. Findings – Initial results indicated that students retained concrete concepts like the names of previously unknown databases. With the implementation of Reference Notes, students were more likely to report learning broad-based concepts like ...
Efficient Detection and Protection of Information in Cross Tabulated Tables II: Minimal Linear Invariants

To protect sensitive information in a cross tabulated table, it is acommon practice to suppress some of the cells. A linear combination of thesuppressed cells is called a linear invariant if it has a unique feasible value.Intuitively, the information contained in a linear invariant is not protectedbecause its value can be uniquely determined. Using a decomposition approach,this paper establishes a fundamental correspondence between linear invariantsof a table and edge cuts of a graph induced from the table. Thiscorrespondence is employed to give a linear-time algorithm for finding animportant class of linear invariants called therow or column linear invariants. In subsequent papers, thiscorrespondence is used to solve via graph theoretic techniques a wide varietyof problems for protecting information in a table.
THE SYNDROMES OF TOTAL LIPODYSTROPHY AND OF PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY.

The syndromes of partial and of total lipodystrophy have been reviewed and 27 further patients added, 25 with partial lipodystrophy and 2 with total lipodystrophy. For inclusion in the syndrome of partial lipodystrophy symmetrical loss of fat from the face with or without truncal loss, but with retention of distal adipose depots was required. In total lipodystrophy fat loss was generalized. A number of additional features were commonly present in total lipodystrophy. These included increased height, advanced bone age, hirsuties, pigmentation, prominence of muscles, abdominal protuberance, penile or clitoridial enlargement, hepatomegaly, relatively insulin resistant hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and hypermetabolism, as well as renal disease, disturbances of C.N.S. function and cardiomegaly. Review of reports of patients with muscular hypertrophy suggested that several so described might have had total lipodystrophy. A significant incidence of renal disease was encountered in the reports of partial lipodystrophy in the literature and more particularly in the group presented. Although much less frequently present, central nervous system dysfunction, hepatomegaly and a decreased glucose tolerance were also noted. It appears that there are features common to both syndromes other than disappearance of fat. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms have been considered.
Tin Oxide Thin Films Grown on the (1012) Sapphire Substrate

Tin oxide thin films were deposited on the R-cut sapphire substrate by the electron-beam evaporation of a ceramic SnO2 source. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that the films deposited at lower temperatures were amorphous while those grown at temperatures above 350°C consisted of the α-SnO phase with the PbO type structure. Epitaxial α-SnO films on the R-cut sapphire substrate were obtained when deposited at 600°C. Atomic force microscopy studies showed that films deposited at low temperature have a smooth surface, while epitaxial SnO films deposited at high temperatures (above 600°C) have a relatively rough surface. The atomic mobilities in the films at the various deposition temperatures and the lattice mismatch between the films and the substrates ultimately determine the microstructure and surface mophology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that the Sn/O ratios are 52.7/47.6 for the amorphous film deposited at the ambient temperature (∼30°C), 48.8/51.2 for the films deposited at 350°C, and 49.2/50.8 for the epitaxial film deposited at 600°C. Electrical properties were determined by four point probe measurements.
Use of a customized 3D “basket” to create a solitary split-thickness cranial graft from numerous split fragments in an infant

While autologous split calvaria remains the preferred material for use in pediatric cranioplasty, it may be difficult to split the bone neatly into two distinct pieces, especially in infants and young children. In this paper, the authors present a technique in which numerous split pieces of bone can be readily joined together and conformed to the shape of the specific defect using a customized template and 3D trellis-like basket.
Scaling coupling of reflecting Brownian motions and the hot spots problem

We introduce a new type of coupling of reflecting Brownian motions in smooth planar domains, called scaling coupling. We apply this to obtain monotonicity properties of antisymmetric second Neumann eigenfunctions of convex planar domains with one line of symmetry. In particular, this gives the proof of the hot spots conjecture for some known types of domains and some new ones.
Polyoma T antigens.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the current picture of polyoma T antigens, including their structure, the regions of the viral genome coding for them, and their possible roles in cell transformation. Polyoma T antigens are viral-coded proteins found in infected or transformed cells, detected by immunofluorescence or immunoprecipitation, using sera from animals bearing polyoma-induced tumors. The viral genome is circular, and is divided into early and late regions. Polyoma T antigens in lytically infected cells are isolated by immunoprecipitation using antitumor serum and are analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sera may have different reactivities against the different T antigens. The large T antigen is found mainly in the nucleus, and cytoplasmic fraction, but in decreased number. Translation of polyoma complementary RNA (cRNA) in vitro produces only one immunoprecipitable protein, which has a mobility slightly slower than that of the small T antigen. The coding region for the T antigens has two proximal and two distal splice junctions. Mutations affecting the T antigens have been useful in defining the coding regions and functions of the proteins. Infection of tissue culture cells by polyoma leads either to lytic infection, in which the cells are killed, or to an abortive infection, in which the cells survive. The structure and coding regions of the polyoma T antigens are now well characterized by the combination of genetic experiments, mRNA analysis, peptide analysis, and DNA sequencing.
Designing SPICE-predictable, single-stage, bipolar-junction-transistor amplifiers

The proposed method for designing amplifiers whose performance matches the design criteria (as measured by SPICE simulation), uses a reduced version of the Gummel-Poon static model of the transistor in the forward active region to model the V/sub BE/ vs. I/sub C/ relation and the I/sub C/ vs. I/sub B/ relation. A reduced version of the Gummel-Poon small signal model is used to produce Av and Rin constraints.
31P NMR studies of vegetative and encysted cells of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Observation of phosphonic acids in live cells.

31P NMR studies have been performed on vegetative and encysted Acanthamoeba castellanii. A prominent feature of the spectra is the presence of resonances characteristic of P-C linkages. Vegetative cells show sharp phosphonate resonances whereas encysted cells show broad phosphonate resonances and narrow phosphate resonances. Studies of model compounds using 31P NMR have shown the narrow resonances to arise from 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid; the broad components from encysted cells arise from molecules with long rotational correlation times such as aggregates of lipophosplionoglycan or phosphonoprotein. Vegetative cells also show the presence of an electronegatively β-substituted phosphonic acid, possibly 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonic acid, a component identified in the cell membrane lipophosphoglycan. pH titration studies of a number of phosphonic acid model compounds show a chemical shift behaviour quite distinct from that of biological phosphates. Upon acidification from pH 12, resonances shift to high field followed by return, to lower field at pH 1.0. These resonances can be ambiguous as monitors of cellular pH. The pH of both vegetative and encysted cells is 6.0–6.5. Encysted cells under anaerobic conditions show no spectral changes over 24 h. Vegetative cell, under similar conditions show timedependent changes characteristic of variation in cellular pH. There appears to be little correlation between pH and the variously differentiated states (vegetative or encysted) in Acanthamoeba.
Symbolic reform in France: Egalite professionnelle during the Mitterrand years

This article examines the 1983 egalite professionnelle law adopted under the Socialist government. Using a policy process approach, the analysis shows how the 1983 law failed to go beyond symbolic reform in policy formulation and implementation. In symbolic policy the outcome fails both to effectively reallocate resources and to generate policy feedback. The article concludes that while symbolic policy in the case of egalite professionnelle brought public attention to problems of gender discrimination in employment it failed to generate a permanent policy community, inside and outside of government, interested in the enforcement of programmes from the 1983 law.
LOOKING OUTWARD: CHANGING ORGANIZATIONS THROUGH COLLABORATION

Community colleges have long relied on informal and unstructured collaborations as a tool for both survival and success. Now that businesses and other organizations are entering into very sophisticated networks and alliances, community colleges will need to move into more structured forms of collaborations. As the pace of competition increases as we move into a complex knowledge industry, community colleges need to find alternatives to traditional closed operations and limited collaborations. This article describes the need for more complex collaborative relationships with external constituents and examines how these collaborations will affect today's community colleges. Existing forms of collaboration will be described as traditional, centralized, unstructured modes of collaboration. Although these collaborations will continue to exist in the future, as the community college environment becomes more complex, more structured collaboration will become increasingly more common. Examples of some of the emerg...
RR29. Vascular Repair Followed by Tissue Transfer in War Trauma: Differences in Limb Salvage Rates

Objectives: We compared in-hospital mortality (IHM) and resource utilization among vascular surgical patients at safety net hospitals (SNPHs) with those at nonsafety net hospitals (nSNPHs). Methods: National Inpatient Sample (2005-2011) was queried to identify surgical patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), carotid stenosis (CS), and nonruptured abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. The cohort was divided into SNPH and nSNPH groups using the definition of SNPH by the National Association of Public Hospitals. Characteristics, length of stay (LOS), IHM, and median charges (MC) were compared between the groups. Advanced PAD was defined as PAD patients with rest pain or ulceration. Statistical methods included c test (categoric variables), t-test (continuous variables), gamma regression (LOS and MC), and logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables (IHM). Results: We identified 306,438 patients operated for PAD, CS, or AAA (Table). Patients at SNPH were younger, had a higher percentage of female and minority patients, and a higher Elixhauser comorbidity index (P < .001). Nonelective admissions were more common among SNPH patients who presented with more advanced PAD and symptomatic CS. Patients at SNPH had significantly higher LOS, MC, and IHM. For SNPH patients, adjusted odds ratio for mortality was 1.28 higher than at nSNPH (95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.46; P < .001). Conclusions: Vascular surgery patients at SNPH, despite being younger, have higher comorbidities, present more urgently with more advanced vascular disease, and therefore, have costlier care and suffer worse outcome than other cohort. This study suggests an unequal access to preoperative care in these more sociodemographically challenged patients.
Evolution of precipitate morphology during heat treatment and its implications for the superconductivity in KxFe1.6+ySe2 single crystals

We study the relationship between precipitate morphology and superconductivity in K${}_{x}$Fe${}_{1.6+y}$Se${}_{2}$ single crystals grown by self-flux method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements revealed that the superconducting phase forms a network in the samples quenched above iron vacancy order-disorder transition temperature ${T}_{s}$, whereas it aggregates into micrometer-sized rectangular bars and aligns as disconnected chains in the furnace-cooled samples. Accompanying this change in morphology the superconducting shielding fraction is strongly reduced. By post-annealing above ${T}_{s}$ followed by quenching in room temperature water, the network recovers with a superconducting shielding fraction approaching 80$%$ for the furnace-cooled samples. A reversible change from network to bar chains was realized by a secondary heat treatment in annealed samples showing a large shielding fraction, that is, heating above ${T}_{s}$ followed by slow cooling across ${T}_{s}$. The large shielding fraction observed in K${}_{x}$Fe${}_{1.6+y}$Se${}_{2}$ single crystals actually results from an uniform and contiguous distribution of superconducting phase. Through the measurements of temperature dependent x-ray diffraction, it is found that the superconducting phase precipitates while the iron vacancy ordered phase forms together by cooling across ${T}_{s}$ in K${}_{x}$Fe${}_{1.6+y}$Se${}_{2}$ single crystals. It is a solid solution above ${T}_{s}$, where iron atoms randomly occupy both Fe1 and Fe2 sites in the iron vacancy disordering status; and phase separation is driven by the iron vacancy order-disorder transition upon cooling. However, neither additional iron in the starting mixtures nor as-quenching at high temperatures can extend the miscibility gap to the KFe${}_{2}$Se${}_{2}$ side.
High Prandtl number convection

Abstract The theory of convection in a layer heated from below is reviewed with particular emphasis on the limit of infinite Prandtl number. The review is restricted to qualitative properties of the problems which do not depend on special conditions. Similarities and differences between convection in a plane layer and in a spherical shell are pointed out and attention is called to the fact that two-dimensional or axisymmetric forms of convection are realized only in a small region of the parameter space.
OXIDATIVE ADDITION OF PY(DMGH)2CO-NA+ TO A RIBOFURANOSYL BROMIDE : AN UNUSUAL REACTION WITH THE COBALOXIME LIGAND

Reaction of 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribofuranosyl bromide (12) with NaCo(dmgH)2py (dmgH = dimethylglyoxime monoanion) in CH3CN was expected to proceed by normal oxidative addition to the carbon−bromine bond to form 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl ribofuranosyl cobaloxime (4) with a carbon−cobalt bond in place of the carbon−bromine bond. Instead, the major products, the isomeric (mixture of α- and β-anomers) dimethylglyoxime adducts 1-O-(dimethylglyoximato)-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-d-ribofuranosides (17), were the result of reaction at the oxygen of the dimethylglyoxime ligand rather than at the cobalt.
Comparative susceptibilities of twelve insect cell lines to infection by three baculoviruses.

Twelve insect cell lines belonging to the species Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21AE), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Ag286), Heliothis virescens (HvE1a, HvE6a, HvE6s and HvT1), Lymantria dispar (LdIta and LdEp), Plutella xylostella (PxE2) and Trichoplusia ni (TN368, TND1 and TNR2) were tested for their susceptibility to baculovirus infection using a typical endpoint assay procedure with three extracellular virus suspensions of three nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs), namely Autographa californica NPV (AcMNPV), Anagrapha falcifera NPV (AfMNPV) and Anticarsia gemmatalis NPV (AgMNPV). By using the same virus dilutions on each line and scoring for infection, the relative susceptibility of the cells were determined for each virus. Among the cell lines, TNR2 was the most susceptible to AfMNPV and AcMNPV, while Ag286 was the most susceptible to AgMNPV. Differences in susceptibility was observed among species and among cell lines of the same species.
Gender differences in faculty pay and faculty salary compression

Abstract A recording distinction between cost-of-living and merit adjustments at a unionized, public liberal arts college allows us to examine several issues related to gender differences in faculty pay. For example, we find that annual fixed-dollar merit increases and similar starting salaries contribute to comparable salary growth rates for female and male faculty. In this setting, the male faculty earnings advantage is traced to higher rank and years of service. These results underscore the importance of gender-neutral salary-setting practices and equal access to promotion and retention for female faculty. The salary distinctions also allow us to determine the source of the seniority penalty. The economics literature is divided on whether the often-observed lower pay of senior faculty is deserved. We find that merit pay rises with additional years of seniority and that the seniority penalty is rooted in cost-of-living adjustments that fail to keep pace with market trends. These findings illustrate how the seniority penalty can be linked to budget considerations rather than the lower productivity of senior staff.
The Past and the Future of Scientific and Technical Writing

Excerpts from Thomas Sprat's History of the Royal Society, published in 1667, are used to explore the parallels existing between the rise of modern scientific and technical writing and the rise of seventeenth century science.The author of this paper shows how the English teachers of today, like the scholastic critics of the past, are too often isolated from the realities of communication. He quotes Thomas Sprat to emphasize that communication techniques should not be studied at a distance. The practice of scientific and technical writing must be brought closer to the university. Doing consulting work is one possibility; another is conducting communication research for business and industry. Additional specialized courses should be introduced for students specializing in the professions. English majors planning to work full time in communication should have internships provided. Sprat recognized that a bridge must exist between science and the humanities. This applies as well to the present condition.
Nitrate removal characteristics of high performance fluidized-bed biofilm reactors.

Abstract Two laboratory-scale high performance fluidized bed biofilm reactors (FBBR) with sand as the biofilm carrier were used to investigate the denitrification of high-strength nitrate wastewater with specific emphasis on the effect the nitrogen loading rate and the superficial velocity ( V s ). The results demonstrated that the FBBR system is capable of efficiently handling an exceptionally high nitrate nitrogen concentration of 1000 mg N/L. At a loading rate of 6.3 kg-N/m3bed·d almost complete denitrification was achieved with a removal efficiency of 99.8% and an effluent concentration of 2 mg N/L at V s values of 45, 55 and 65 m/h. The maximum efficient loading rate ( R max ) at which the US drinking water nitrate-nitrogen standard concentration of 10 mg N/L would be exceeded was found to be a function of the applied V s . The R max was found to be 12 kg-N/m3bed·d at a V s value of 45 m/h. As V s was increased to 55 and 65 m/h, the optimum R max dropped to 9.5 and 8 kg-N/m3bed·d, respectively. Higher denitrification rates were achieved at relatively lower V s . However, there is a minimum practical velocity below which agglomeration of biomass would occur. The suspended solids concentration in the effluent was below 30 mg/L throughout the study.
Role for Human Mediator Subunit MED25 in Recruitment of Mediator to Promoters by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-responsive Transcription Factor ATF6α

Transcription factor ATF6α functions as a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes. In response to ER stress, ATF6α translocates from its site of latency in the ER membrane to the nucleus, where it activates RNA polymerase II transcription of ER stress response genes upon binding sequence-specifically to ER stress response enhancer elements (ERSEs) in their promoter-regulatory regions. In a recent study, we demonstrated that ATF6α activates transcription of ER stress response genes by a mechanism involving recruitment to ERSEs of the multisubunit Mediator and several histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes, including Spt-Ada-Gcn5 (SAGA) and Ada-Two-A-containing (ATAC) (Sela, D., Chen, L., Martin-Brown, S., Washburn, M.P., Florens, L., Conaway, J.W., and Conaway, R.C. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 23035–23045). In this study, we extend our investigation of the mechanism by which ATF6α supports recruitment of Mediator to ER stress response genes. We present findings arguing that Mediator subunit MED25 plays a critical role in this process and identify a MED25 domain that serves as a docking site on Mediator for the ATF6α transcription activation domain. Background: ATF6α recruits Mediator to activate endoplasmic reticulum stress response genes. Results: Mediator subunit MED25 contains an ATF6α binding site. Conclusion: The ATF6α-MED25 interaction contributes to Mediator recruitment to genes. Significance: Learning how DNA binding transcription activators recruit coactivators to genes is important for understanding gene regulatory mechanisms.
Determination of labile trifluoromethyl compounds with a fluoride-lon electrode: Differential analysis of 5-trifluoromethyluracil and 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine

A method has been developed for the estimation of two alkali-labile trifluoromethyl compounds present in the same solution. It is based on differential rates of hydrolysis of the carbon-fluorine bonds of each compound and measurement of the released fluoride by a fluoride-ion activity electrode. The differential analysis of 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (F3TdR) and its metabolite, 5-trifluoromethyluracil, is described. The sensitivity of the method is 5 μg F3TdR/ml and 3 μg F3T/ml in water, buffer solutions, or urine. An example is given of its use in a study of the metabolism and urinary excretion of F3TdR by a cancer patient.
Coots use hatch order to learn to recognize and reject conspecific brood parasitic chicks

Many birds that are targeted by brood parasites have learnt to reject the parasites' eggs, but very few reject parasite chicks if they manage to hatch, even though they can be absurdly different in size from their own chicks. A series of chick cross-fostering experiments in one of the rare cases where chick rejection does occur, parasitism within a species (American coots), shows that the parents use the first of their brood to hatch as a template against which to judge potential intruders hatching later. This learning rule may explain the puzzling absence of chick recognition as a host defence against avian brood parasites: it may be counterproductive for the hosts of most interspecific parasites as the intruder usually hatches early and would stand a good chance of becoming the brood template.
SERUM LEVELS OF OESTRADIOL-17β DEHYDROGENASE IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PREGNANCIES

Summary Serum levels of oestradiol-l7β dehydrogenase have been determined in 113 normal pregnant women. The mean level increases ten-fold from the 8th to the 40th week. Serum levels of this enzyme have been determined in women with threatened abortion in the first trimester and in women with intrauterine death of the fetus. Low or declining levels of the enzyme activity were associated with abortion, but the serum levels in cases of intrauterine fetal death corresponded to those of normal pregnancy.
Situational and topical variations in credibility criteria

This study tested the hypothesis that credibility criteria (scales) differ in their sensitivity to topic‐situations. Fifty‐one scales, including nine marker scales identified by previous research, were tested across four topic‐situations. Forty‐one of the scales, including seven of the nine marker scales, were found to differ significantly across the four topic‐situations. Of the ten scales that behaved consistently across topic‐situations, at least two were so close to a neutral rating that they might have been considered by judges irrelevant to credibility.
Variable length vector pattern recognition

Variable length vector pattern recognition deals with the problem of recognizing words of various symbol lengths (characters, phonemes, etc.) embedded in unsegmented strings of words (sentences, messages, etc.). A mathematical model is developed to describe the generation of such messages, assuming that successive words are chosen independently. A loss function is defined which leads to the development of an iterative decision procedure for minimizing the risk. The computational complexity of this procedure is proportional to message length, whereas the message length would appear exponentially in the expression for computational complexity if the iterative procedure did not exist. Alternative decision models and alternative loss functions can be employed in the development of similar iterative procedures. The optimum iterative procedure was programmed in ASA FORTRAN IV. An illustrative experiment was conducted using the program to compare performance of the procedure with and without segmentation information.
A full-color SXGA TN AMLCD for military head-mounted displays and viewer applications

We report progress in developing a 0.97-in diagonal AMLCD with a full color SXGA resolution. A 1280×1024×3 dot array was developed with integrated color pixel filters to create an SXGA color pixel array. These displays are fabricated on 8-inch SOI wafers and transferred to glass wafers to produce transmissive liquid crystal displays. Improvements have been made in this AMLCD to bring the fabrication process to manufacturing. Fabricating a 3.9 million pixel dot display on a 1-inch die required a new display design and fabrication in an 8-inch wafer line. The 8-inch process provided enhanced process capabilities and tighter design rules to achieve good performance and reasonable starting yields. An ASIC driver and ultra thin efficient backlight were developed to miniaturize the display module and to reduce total power to < 750mW for soldier mounted applications. Total package size is less than 0.5 in3. The ASIC will also drive Kopin SVGA and VGA color displays singly or in pairs for binocular applications. An end-to-end 8-inch wafer process was established at the wafer foundry and at Kopin. A 3-year manufacturing technology insertion program (Mantech) has begun to optimize the 8-inch line processes and the SXGA color display. Meeting yield and performance goals will reduce display cost and enable systems performance goals. Key results include vivid, high-resolution color, wide viewing angles and low power operation. Performance data and specifications will be presented.
USING JOHNSON CURVES TO DESCRIBE NON-NORMAL ROCESS DATA

Process capability indices were originally defined under the assumption that process data can be adequately described by a normal distribution. Applied to non-normal processes, however, these indices can give misleading results. In this article, we outl..
A novel anti-WIP monoclonal antibody detects an isoform of WIP that lacks the WASP binding domain.

Abstract The majority of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) in T cells is in a complex with WASP interacting protein (WIP), a 503 a.a. long proline rich protein. Here we demonstrate that a novel anti-WIP mAb, 3D10, recognizes an epitope in the N-terminal domain of the WIP protein, within the sequence 13 PTFALA 18 . mAb 3D10 competes with actin, but not with WASP or Nck, for WIP binding. Analysis of 3D10 immunoprecipitates failed to demonstrate dissociation of the WASP–WIP complex after TCR ligation that we previously reported using a polyclonal anti-WIP anti-serum raised against a C-terminal peptide (a.a. 459–503) that spanned the WASP binding site. 3D10 mAb allowed the detection of a novel isoform of WIP consisting of a truncated 403 a.a. long protein that includes the 377 a.a. encoded by the first 4 exons of WIP followed by a 26 a.a. sequence encoded by intron 4.