cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Child Narrative Analysis

Child language narratives are used for language analysis, measurement of language development, and the detection of language impairment. In this paper, we explore the use of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for detecting topics from narratives, and use the topics derived from LDA in two classification tasks: automatic prediction of coherence and language impairment. Our experiments show LDA is useful for detecting the topics that correspond to the narrative structure. We also observed improved performance for the automatic prediction of coherence and language impairment when we use features derived from the topic words provided by LDA.
Single Loop Inversion of Facies From Seismic Data Using Sequential Simulations And Probability Perturbation Method

The main objective of this work is to present a new methodology for seismic reservoir characterization that provides fine-scaled reservoir models of facies and reservoir properties, such as porosity, net-to-gross, and, possibly, fluid saturation. The proposed iterative methodology is based on sequential simulations of discrete variables, namely sequential indicator simulation, and a stochastic optimization technique called probability perturbation method. At each step of the optimization we generate a facies model, distribute reservoir properties, calculate the corresponding elastic attributes through a rock physics model, compute synthetic seismograms and, finally, compare these synthetic results with the real seismic amplitudes. The stochastic optimization technique perturbs the probability distribution used to generate the initial model and obtains the most probable facies model through a relatively small number of iterations. The method is applied to a real well profile, where three facies have been identified, and finally extended to a real 2D seismic section.
Synthesis and Structure of Gold and Platinum Menthyl Complexes

A Grignard reagent derived from (−)-menthyl chloride has been reported to be a 1:1 mixture of menthyl magnesium chloride and neomenthyl magnesium chloride, which do not interconvert. Addition of an...
Electronic structure of H2S, SF2, and HSF and implications for hydrogen-substituted hypervalent sulfur fluorides.

It is well known that hypervalent molecules are more stable with very electronegative ligands such as fluorine. For example, while SF6 is uniquely stable and experimentally well characterized and many of the features of SF4 have been characterized, neither H4S nor H6S has been observed. Furthermore, no hypervalent sulfur species with mixed hydrogen and fluorine ligands have been experimentally characterized to date. In this work, we present detailed calculations of the electronic structure of H2S, SF2, and HSF. While all three compounds have similar bent singlet ground states, the potential energy surfaces of various low lying electronic states as a function of bond angle reveal very different behaviors, in particular for linear geometries. We use the disparate bonding motifs of the low-lying triplet states to rationalize the differences between SF4 and the hypothetical H4S molecule. We also make predictions about the effects of hydrogen substitution on the energetics and geometries of hypervalent sulfur ...
Harmonic Debye-Waller analysis of anharmonic vibrations

We address the error resulting from application of the harmonic Debye-Waller factor to anharmonic vibrations. The mean-square atomic displacement $\ensuremath{\langle}{u}^{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ determined from the harmonic analysis is compared to values obtained from an exact anharmonic analysis. In the case of strong anharmonicity, we find that the harmonic approximation introduces at most a $\ensuremath{\sim}$25$%$ error. The temperature dependence determined from the harmonic analysis follows that found from the exact anharmonic analysis. Errors introduced by the harmonic approximation are comparable in magnitude to the usual systematic errors associated with diffraction experiments and Rietveld refinements.
Hashtag Drift: Tracing the Evolving Uses of Political Hashtags Over Time

Sociologists and political scientists have drawn attention to the importance of hashtags as tools for political organizing and protest online. Examining a set of political hashtags on Tumblr, we discover linguistic changes in the ways that the hashtags are used over time. As time passes, the community uses a more diverse vocabulary of hashtags in conjunction with the central political tag, suggesting that the meaning of the tag expands or proliferates -- a phenomenon we dub hashtag drift. We also find evidence that this occurs not just on the level of the community but at the level of individual users who, as time progresses, use the hashtag in conjunction with a more diverse vocabulary of other tags. This study sheds light on the dynamics of political engagement through hashtag activism.
Electrostatic analyzer measurements of ionospheric thermal ion populations

Here, we define the observational parameter regime necessary for observing low-altitude ionospheric origins of high-latitude ion upflow/outflow. We present measurement challenges and identify a new analysis technique which mitigates these impediments. To probe the initiation of auroral ion upflow, it is necessary to examine the thermal ion population at 200-350 km, where typical thermal energies are tenths of eV. Interpretation of the thermal ion distribution function measurement requires removal of payload sheath and ram effects. We use a 3-D Maxwellian model to quantify how observed ionospheric parameters such as density, temperature, and flows affect in situ measurements of the thermal ion distribution function. We define the viable acceptance window of a typical top-hat electrostatic analyzer in this regime and show that the instrument's energy resolution prohibits it from directly observing the shape of the particle spectra. To extract detailed information about measured particle population, we define two intermediate parameters from the measured distribution function, then use a Maxwellian model to replicate possible measured parameters for comparison to the data. Liouville's theorem and the thin-sheath approximation allow us to couple the measured and modeled intermediate parameters such that measurements inside the sheath provide information about plasma outside the sheath. We applymore » this technique to sounding rocket data to show that careful windowing of the data and Maxwellian models allows for extraction of the best choice of geophysical parameters. More widespread use of this analysis technique will help our community expand its observational database of the seed regions of ionospheric outflows.« less
National and Northern Finnish Population Changes and Migrations, 1969–1972

Now still another change is occurring in Lapland’s demography. This is the contemporary loss of people. But it is a population trend that is somewhat different from that of the rest of the country. In the north total numbers reached a maximum in 1966 and have declined since whereas national totals peaked in 1970, declined, and then began a slight increase in 1972. A large part of these losses was directly related to emigration, primarily to Sweden; in the nation it took place mostly in 1970 but in Lapland it extended to weak showings in early 1972. Meanwhile the internal rural-urban shifting from earlier decades continued all over Finland. From these population trends and the detailed studies of the sample colonies it appears that the dynamics of the 1972 distribution of permanent residences are in delicate balance, making forecasts for long periods quite disputable. In fact, the future appears to be a time of declining total and rural populations and increasing numbers in the larger urban places.
Soil Organic Matter

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses soil organic matter. Organic matter is universal to all soils. The form and distribution of soil organic matter is dependent upon a number of processes that may act independently or in concert. Most of these processes are related to the initial decomposition of the plant residues by a suite of soil fauna, and to the continued decomposition, transport and accumulation of the by-products. Descriptions of the forms, distribution and genesis of organic components in soils can range from quite simple to extremely complex. Micromorphological approaches to such descriptions are comparably varied. The most important issues that are faced are related to the effects of land-use change, global warming, pollution and invasive species on the soil environment. Because soil organic matter is the most dynamic of the soil components, effects of changing soil environment are often recorded first in the quality and distribution of organic matter.
A Systematic Synthesis of Behavioral Interventions for Food Selectivity of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

This systematic review provides a synthesis of behavioral interventions for food selectivity (FS) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A multistep search strategy was employed to identify experimental studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1984 and 2015. Thirty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Participant characteristics, study characteristics, and intervention outcomes were summarized and appraised to identify evidence-based practices. The results suggest that behavioral interventions of FS for children with ASD are often effective at improving feeding behavior (e.g., increasing acceptance and swallowing of target foods), but evidence for adequate reduction of mealtime challenging behavior is lacking, and the studies reviewed fell short of meeting a set of standards for evidence-based practices in special education. Treatment recommendations and directions for future research are discussed.
Timeless insights into prevention of acetaldehyde genotoxicity

The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified acetaldehyde related to alcoholic beverage consumption as carcinogenic to humans.1 This classification was based in large part on epidemio...
Immature T-Cell Populations in Lymph Nodes of Castleman Disease and Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Suggest Alternate Sites of T-Cell Development,

Abstract Abstract 3238 A central dogma of human immunology is that proliferation of immature T-cells, and their development after release from the bone marrow, occurs in the central thymus. Recently, we identified several patients with aberrant polyclonal immature TdT+ precursor T-cell populations in extra-thymic lymphoid tissues. Here we demonstrate that immature precursor T-cell populations, with a cortical thymocyte phenotype, in fact, are expanded in extra-thymic lymphoid tissues of patients with Castleman disease (P Download : Download high-res image (32KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (46KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Simulating restaurant traffic using Wi-Fi data (WIP)

As part of an undergraduate research experience, two restaurants on the University of Mary Washington campus were simulated to determine how to decrease wait times. Dining halls on college campuses across the US have a similar problem when dealing with heavy traffic during lunch/dinner rush hour. As most classes are set around predefined class periods, students have short lunch/dinner breaks for meals. With the bulk of the students arriving at dining halls and local restaurants around the same time, students are forced to wait in several lines, and as they wait their dissatisfaction with the food service increases. The intent of this research was to create a model that can predict wait times for student dining on and off campus---ideally in real time---to increase efficiency and improve student satisfaction. The University of Mary Washington's Seacobeck dining facility and Home Team Grill, a traditional restaurant located on campus, were used to model and test the theories discussed in this paper.
The Effects of Tone-at-the-Top Messaging and Specialists on Auditors' Judgments during Complex Audit Tasks

PCAOB inspection findings indicate that audit firms overemphasize firm performance goals as opposed to audit quality in their tone-at-the-top messaging, which can suppress auditors’ professional skepticism when performing audit tasks at the engagement level. We investigate the effect of firm-level tone-at-the-top messaging on auditors’ judgments when auditing a complex audit area susceptible to management bias. We also examine whether management’s use of a specialist can influence the effect of tone-at-the-top messaging. Consistent with nonconscious goal conflicts theory, we find that when management does not engage a specialist inducing two competing goals equally (performance and audit quality) decreases auditors’ tendency to assess a complex estimate as reasonable in the presence of contradictory evidence as compared to when messaging overemphasizes performance goals. However, when management does engage a specialist, we find that an audit quality messaging approach reduces auditors’ tendency to over-rely on management’s specialists. Our results have important implications for regulators, standard setters, audit firms, and practitioners.
Uniform unfolding and analytic measurability

We generalize Solovay's unfolding technique for infinite games and use an Unfolding Theorem to give a uniform method to prove that all analytic sets are in the \(\sigma\)-algebras of measurability connected with well-known forcing notions.
Grb7 protein RA domain oligomerization

The growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (Grb7) is an adaptor protein that is often coamplified with the erythroblastosis oncogene B 2 receptor in 20% to 30% of breast cancer patients. Grb7 overexpression has been linked to increased cell migration and cancer metastasis. The ras associating and pleckstrin homology domain region of Grb7 has been reported to interact with various other downstream signaling proteins such as four and half Lin11, Isl-1, Mec-3 (LIM) domains isoform 2 and filamin α. These interactions are believed to play a role in regulating Grb7-mediated cell migration function. The full-length Grb7 protein has been shown to dimerize, and the oligomeric state of the Grb7SH2 domain has been extensively studied; however, the oligomerization state of the ras associating and pleckstrin homology domains, and the importance of this oligomerization in Grb7 function, is yet to be fully known. In this study, we characterize the oligomeric state of the Grb7RA domain using size exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear relaxation studies, glutaraldehyde cross linking, and dynamic light scattering. We report the Grb7RA domain can exist in transient multimeric forms and, based upon modeling results, postulate the potential role of Grb7RA domain oligomerization in Grb7 function.
Internalizing Behaviors and Hyperactivity/Inattention: Consequences for Young Struggling Readers, and Especially Boys:

Although evidence of negative associations between early literacy development and children’s behavior problems exists, the field still lacks an understanding of the complicated links between these two areas. Children’s gender has often not been included in much of the extant research as a potential moderating variable, yet gender differences may provide insights into the nuanced relationship between early literacy development and maladaptive behaviors. Results from the current study of 472 kindergarten and first-grade children suggested that compared with nonstruggling readers, teachers rated struggling readers as higher on internalizing behaviors and hyperactivity/inattention, but not externalizing behaviors, when accounting for children’s socioeconomic status. Furthermore, higher levels of internalizing behaviors and hyperactivity/inattention in struggling readers predicted lower reading scores at the end of the school year across a variety of domains, but these negative effects were more prominent for ...
History Taking and Physical Examination for Orofacial Disorders

Orofacial disorders comprise a large range of different conditions affecting the head and neck region. Due to the complexity of the anatomy, physiology and functionality of multiple structures in a relatively small anatomic area, the clinical assessment could be really challenging. In this chapter, we will discuss a systematic way to conduct a history and physical examination to assess various orofacial disorders and successfully reach a diagnosis.
A Qualitative Investigation of Gang Presence and Sexual Harassment in a Middle School

Our goal with this qualitative case study was to explore the relationship between gang membership/presence of gangs in a middle school on the experiences of sexual harassment from the perspectives of both bullies and victims. This study sought to explore the characteristics of sexual harassment taking place in one middle school with a gang presence, the relationship of gang membership/presence to the types of sexual harassment experienced or witnessed, and student perceptions of the influence of gangs on sexual harassment. Thompson Middle School enrolls approximately 440 students. The surrounding community has more than 20 gangs with 2000 known gang members. Data were collected from 10 student interviews and unstructured observations from researcher field notes to capture experiences from one middle school. Analysis was performed using a modified van Kaam approach. Resulting themes centered on what students knew about sexual harassment, the types of sexual harassment they witnessed at their school, and reasons why they thought sexual harassment was occurring with such frequency. Sexual harassment appears to be heightened when there is a gang presence and visible gang activity. Incidents appear to happen more in the ‘open’ rather than hidden. The pressure to give into sexual advances by gang members appears to be especially heightened for girls. The types of sexual harassment acts described by the students as highly invasive with many classified as same-sex acts as initiated by the gang members. Sexual harassment prevention programs in schools with a gang presence need to incorporate discussions related to gang influence.
Exorcising Our Demons: Comments on a New Direction for Public Administration Theory

The field of public administration has grown accustomed to the presence of an identity crisis. In his opus, Dubnick (2018) addresses the existence of this crisis, noting where we are as a field and highlighting some of the debate that got us there. In response to Dubnick, I argue that our position as a profession rather than a discipline relates to the failure of the field to pay attention to our history. Giving consideration to our history, we find that public administration as a discipline contains those who study public administration, and a profession or practice of those who are public administrators. As a field, the conversation should move beyond the study or the practice and accept the duality that is a sign a mature subject area.
The effect of distributional training on the production of non-native vowel contrasts

The current study tests production accuracy of a non-native vowel contrast following a modified perceptual learning paradigm. Previous research has found that adults can learn non-native sound categories with sensitivity to distributional properties of their input. In the current study, 34 native-English adults heard stimuli from /o/-/oe/ continuum. Half of the participants heard stimuli drawn from a bimodal distribution and half from a unimodal distribution. To support learning, we incorporated active learning with feedback, lexical support in the form of two images, and overnight consolidation. Production of this contrast was assessed through a repetition task at baseline and at the end of the experiment. Production accuracy is measured as the Euclidean distance between /o/ and /oe/ at baseline and post-training. Preliminary analyses suggest that the distance between these two vowels increased for both groups, indicating that listeners in both conditions were able to transfer perceptual learning to production. These results suggest a way to mitigate the disadvantages previously found for participants in the unimodal condition, by incorporating active engagement with the target stimuli using lexical support, accuracy feedback, and overnight consolidation.The current study tests production accuracy of a non-native vowel contrast following a modified perceptual learning paradigm. Previous research has found that adults can learn non-native sound categories with sensitivity to distributional properties of their input. In the current study, 34 native-English adults heard stimuli from /o/-/oe/ continuum. Half of the participants heard stimuli drawn from a bimodal distribution and half from a unimodal distribution. To support learning, we incorporated active learning with feedback, lexical support in the form of two images, and overnight consolidation. Production of this contrast was assessed through a repetition task at baseline and at the end of the experiment. Production accuracy is measured as the Euclidean distance between /o/ and /oe/ at baseline and post-training. Preliminary analyses suggest that the distance between these two vowels increased for both groups, indicating that listeners in both conditions were able to transfer perceptual learning to prod...
Multicontextual correlates of adolescent sugar-sweetened beverage intake.

Abstract Purpose To examine personal, home, peer, school, neighborhood, and media correlates of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in a diverse sample of adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional, population-based study (EAT 2010: Eating and Activity in Teens) of 2793 adolescents (54% female, mean age [SD] = 14.5 [2.0], 80% nonwhite) attending public secondary schools in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Adolescents completed a food frequency questionnaire and answered survey questions about their diet/health perceptions and behaviors. Socio-environmental data were collected from parents/caregivers, peers, school personnel, Geographic Information Systems (e.g., distance to food outlet), and a content analysis of favorite TV shows. Individual and mutually adjusted mixed-effects regression models examined associations between multi-contextual factors and estimated daily servings of SSB, controlling for relevant covariates. Results The contextual factors examined accounted for 24% of the variance in adolescents' SSB consumption. The proportion of variance explained by each context was 13% personal, 16% home/family, 3% peer, 1% school, 0.1% media, and 0% neighborhood. The strongest correlate of SSB intake was home soda availability (adjusted for covariates: β = 0.26, p Conclusions Public health policies and programs to reduce adolescent SSB intake should target personal behaviors (e.g., limit fast food, encourage adequate sleep), address the home setting (e.g., help parents to reduce SSB availability and model healthy eating habits) and involve peers (e.g., identify and enable peers to model healthy eating behaviors).
Anthropomorphic Phantoms for Radiation Oncology Medical Physics

The use of phantoms in radiation oncology by medical physicists as a substitute for human tissue has been in use for many decades. The various types of phantoms used have evolved with time in terms of shape, material, and composition. Basic calibration and output constancy phantoms used in the clinic have been simple blocks of wood, solid plastic cubes, solid acrylic or polystyrene plastic phantoms cut into slabs, water tanks of all sizes, and currently a variety of water-equivalent plastics.
Imaging of Acute Orbital Pathologies

There are 30,000 hospital admissions per year secondary to traumatic eye injuries, which occur commonly in patients with blunt or penetrating facial trauma. Majority of the traumas are secondary to motor vehicle collision or sports-related injury. Ocular trauma accounts for 7.5 % for eye admissions in the hospital. Ocular trauma is the leading cause of noncongenital unilateral blindness in <20-year-olds and overall the second leading cause of blindness. Open-globe injury risk is highest for young adults and lowest for seniors.
Role of Epigenetic Factors in Dietary Carcinogenesis

Sixty to eighty percent of all human cancers are associated with our environment and environmental agents. The environment is a complex mixture of chemicals that originate from industrial and technological development and, most importantly, natural sources. Many industrial chemicals, pesticides, insecticides and food additives have exhibited carcinogenic properties in various animal model systems, and occupational and drug exposure has led to human cancers. However, estimates attribute the majority of human cancers associated with the environment not to intentional or accidental chemical exposure, but to the vast number of naturally occurring chemicals in our environment (Doll and Peto, 1981).
Stupid file systems are better

File systems were originally designed for hosts with only one disk. Over the past 20 years, a number of increasingly complicated changes have optimized the performance of file systems on a single disk. Over the same time, storage systems have advanced on their own, separated from file systems by the narrow block interface. Storage systems have increasingly employed parallelism and virtualization. Parallelism seeks to increase throughput and strengthen fault-tolerance. Virtualization employs additional levels of data addressing indirection to improve system flexibility and lower administration costs. Do the optimizations of file systems make sense for current storage systems? In this paper, I show that the performance of a current advanced local file system is sensitive to the virtualization parameters of its storage system. Sometimes random block layout outperforms smart file system layout. In addition, random block layout stabilizes performance across several virtualization parameters. This approach has the advantage of immunizing file systems to changes in their underlying storage systems.
Content adaptive image matching by color-entropy segmentation and inpainting

Image matching is a fundamental problem in computer vision. One of the well-known techniques is SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform). SIFT searches for and extracts robust features in hierarchical image scale spaces for object identification. However it often lacks efficiency as it identifies many insignificant features such as tree leaves and grass tips in a natural building image. We introduce a content adaptive image matching approach by preprocessing the image with a colorentropy based segmentation and harmonic inpainting. Natural structures such as tree leaves have both high entropy and distinguished color, and so such a combined measure can be both discriminative and robust. The harmonic inpainting smoothly interpolates the image functions over the tree regions and so blurrs and reduces the features and their unnecessary matching there. Numerical experiments on building images show around 10% improvement of the SIFT matching rate with 20% to 30% saving of the total CPU time.
‘Evolutionary medicine’ perspectives on Alzheimer’s Disease: Review and new directions

Abstract Evolution by natural selection eliminates maladaptive traits from a species, and yet Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) persists with rapidly increasing prevalence globally. This apparent paradox begs an explanation within the framework of evolutionary sciences. Here, I summarize and critique previously proposed theories to explain human susceptibility to AD, grouped into 8 distinct hypotheses based on the concepts of novel extension of the lifespan; lack of selective pressure during the post-reproductive phase; antagonistic pleiotropy; rapid brain evolution; delayed neuropathy by selection for grandmothering; novel alleles selected to delay neuropathy; by-product of selection against cardiovascular disease; and thrifty genotype. Subsequently, I describe a new hypothesis inspired by the concept of mismatched environments. Many of the factors that enhance AD risk today may have been absent or functioned differently before the modern era, potentially making AD a less common affliction for age-matched individuals before industrialization and for the majority of human history. Future research is needed to further explore whether changes in environments and lifestyles across human history moderate risk factors and susceptibility to AD.
Regional analgesia in neonates undergoing thoracoabdominal surgeries: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess feasibility and to evaluate if peri-operative pain management with regional analgesia resulted in decreased use of narcotic medication and earlier return to preoperative respiratory/nutritional status. STUDY DESIGN Cases were defined as infants who received regional analgesia as part of their perioperative anesthetic management. Controls were matched for surgical procedures without regional analgesia. RESULTS Fifteen cases were identified and matched with 17 controls. Infants undergoing inguinal hernia repair returned to baseline earlier and were not intubated. There was no difference in time to extubation in other thoracoabdominal surgeries. There was no difference in cumulative narcotic analgesia administered between the two groups. CONCLUSION Postoperative regional analgesia is feasible in neonates. Inguinal hernia repair with regional anesthesia was performed without intubation and returned to preoperative status earlier. No differences were observed with other surgeries. Further prospective, randomized, multicenter studies are needed.
Direct observation of C60− nano-ion gas phase ozonation via ion mobility-mass spectrometry

Improved methods to probe the reactivity of nano-ions, such as C60−, would find utility in nanochemistry, combustion chemistry, and in generally understanding the behavior of matter at the nanometer scale. We demonstrate that ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) with a low-field differential mobility analyzer can be used to probe nano-ion reaction kinetics. We used the developed IM-MS approach to examine the gas phase reactivity of C60− ions with ozone at atmospheric pressure. Experimental results show that ozonation of C60− mainly leads to the formation of C60On−. The controlled reaction time within the ion mobility instrument enables calculation of ozonation reaction rates and assuming oxygen atoms are added sequentially, we find that the reaction rate between C60− and O3 is near the collision controlled limit. We propose an exponentially decaying reaction rate coefficient expression to describe ozonation leading to the addition of >20 oxygen atoms. At high ozone concentrations, CO or CO2 loss from C60On− is additionally observed.
Bridging Gaps: Predicting User and Task Characteristics from Partial User Information

Interactive information retrieval (IIR) researchers often conduct laboratory studies to understand the relationship between people seeking information and information retrieval systems. They develop extensive data collection methods and tools create new understanding about the relationship between observable behaviors, searcher context, and underlying cognition, to better support people's information seeking. Yet aside from the problems of data size, realism, and demographics, laboratory studies are limited in the number and nature of phenomena they can study. Hence, data collected in laboratories contains different searcher populations and collects non-overlapping user and task characteristics. While research analyses and collection methods are isolated, how can we further IIR's mission of broad understanding? We approach this as a structure learning problem on incomplete data, determining the extent to which incomplete data can be used to predict user and task characteristics from interactions. In particular, we examine whether combining heterogeneous data sets is more effective than using a single data set alone in prediction. Our results indicate that adding external data significantly improves predictions of searcher characteristics, task characteristics, and behaviors, even when the data does not contain identical information about searchers.
Twist of fate for acute promyelocytic leukemia: Trib3–TwIst1 interaction promotes resistance

While acute promyelocytic leukemia has a good prognosis with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, ATRA resistance is a major obstacle. It is now demonstrated that TRIBBLES 3 (TRIB3) stabilizes TWIST1, leading to ATRA resistance. Peptides that disrupt this interaction lead to the degradation of TWIST1 and overcome ATRA resistance.See related article by Lin et al., p. 6228.
Soil seed bank characteristics in rangelands with increasing invasion of Heteropogon contortus or Eragrostis Lehmanniana.

Abstract Identifying impacts of invasive grasses on seed banks is critical in developing restoration strategies. Tanglehead (Heteropogon contortus) and Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis Lehmanniana) have increased throughout the Texas Coastal Sand Plain. We examined effects of tanglehead or lovegrass abundance (as reflected in cover) on seed banks in sites dominated by (1) invasives (tanglehead or lovegrass), (2) natives-without-invasives, or (3) natives-with-invasives (either tanglehead or lovegrass) in 3 consecutive years. The seedling emergence method was used to characterize seed banks. More tanglehead seedlings emerged in tanglehead-dominated sites than native-without-tanglehead sites in 2013 and 2014; seed bank size of native grasses (other than tanglehead) was unaffected by tanglehead; and there were fewer forbs in native-tanglehead mixtures than native-without-tanglehead or tanglehead-dominated sites. More lovegrass seedlings and fewer forbs emerged in lovegrass-affected sites. Tanglehead did not affect seed bank richness or diversity; richness and diversity were higher in native-lovegrass mixtures than in native-without lovegrass communities. Tanglehead and lovegrass affected species composition in 1 of 3 years and 2 of 3 years, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that restoration of invasive-affected sites may be feasible without seed input.
Conversion of one-anastomosis gastric bypass to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: short-term results from a tertiary referral center.

Abstract Background One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), also known as minigastric bypass, is an increasingly popular bariatric surgery option worldwide. While OAGB offers advantage in terms of procedure time and technical ease, revisional operations to correct complications may be necessary. Objectives We aimed to describe the indications and perioperative outcomes for OAGB conversions to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) at a single-referral center. Setting Academic hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Methods All patients undergoing conversion from OAGB to RYGB from February 2016 through September 2018 were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained database of revisional bariatric surgeries. Results Sixteen patients underwent conversion from previous OAGB to RYGB during the study period. The cohort was 62.5% female (n = 10) with a mean age of 40.2 years and median body mass index of 30.7 kg/m2. Indications for conversion included intractable nausea/vomiting (n = 8, 50.0%), biliary reflux (n = 3, 18.8%), weight recidivism (n = 3, 18.8%), and protein-calorie malnutrition (n = 2, 12.5%). Twelve cases (75.0%) were successfully completed with a laparoscopic approach, with 4 cases (25.0%) converted to open. The median length of stay was 5.5 days. Six patients (37.5%) experienced minor and major complications within 30 days of discharge. Fourteen patients (87.5%) were available for follow-up at 6 months, with 100% of these patients reporting resolution of their preoperative symptoms. There were no mortalities. Conclusions Data from this largest reported single-center experience demonstrates that conversion of OAGB to RYGB is safe and technically feasible. Further studies and longer-term follow-up are needed to definitively describe outcomes after this revisional bariatric surgery.
Geometry of Data Sets

Entity-to-variable data table can be represented geometrically in three different settings of which one (row-points) pertains to conventional clustering, another (column-vectors), to conceptual clustering, and the third one (matrix space), to approximation clustering. Two principles for standardizing the conditional data tables are suggested as related to the data scatter. Standardizing the aggregable data is suggested based on the flow index concept introduced. Graph-theoretic concepts related to clustering are considered. Low-rank approximation of data, including the popular Principal component and Correspondence analysis techniques, are discussed and extended into a general Sequential fitting procedure, SEFIT, which will be employed for approximation clustering.
An Enhancement in Sum-of-Squares Optimization based Region of Attraction Estimation for Power Systems

To measure transient stability of power systems, estimation of its region of attraction (RoA) is one of the common approaches used in practice. Among the class of available methods of RoA estimation, Sum-of-Squares (SoS) optimization based method has been introduced recently, and is promising due to its ability to compute an estimate of the RoA in a less restrictive and scalable way. In this paper, we propose an enhanced version of SoS optimization based RoA estimation. Our result shows that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the size of the estimated RoA (more than 300%), and reduce the overall computation time (more than 60%), as compared to the state-of-the-art.
Enhanced Photothermal Therapy through the In Situ Activation of a Temperature and Redox Dual-Sensitive Nanoreservoir of Triptolide

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted tremendous attention due to its noninvasiveness and localized treatment advantages. However, heat shock proteins (HSPs) associated self-preservation mechanisms bestow cancer cells thermoresistance to protect them from the damage of PTT. To minimize the thermoresistance of cancer cells and improve the efficacy of PTT, an integrated on-demand nanoplatform composed of a photothermal conversion core (gold nanorod, GNR), a cargo of a HSPs inhibitor (triptolide, TPL), a mesoporous silica based nanoreservoir, and a photothermal and redox di-responsive polymer shell is developed. The nanoplatform can be enriched in the tumor site, and internalized into cancer cells, releasing the encapsulated TPL under the trigger of intracellular elevated glutathione and near-infrared laser irradiation. Ultimately, the liberated TPL could diminish thermoresistance of cancer cells by antagonizing the PTT induced heat shock response via multiple mechanisms to maximize the PTT effect for cancer treatment.
Does short-interval fire inhibit postfire recovery of chaparral across southern California?

Abstract Regrowth after fire is critical to the persistence of chaparral shrub communities in southern California, which has been subject to frequent fire events in recent decades. Fires that recur at short intervals of 10 years or less have been considered an inhibitor of recovery and the major cause of ‘community type-conversion’ in chaparral, primarily based on studies of small extents and limited time periods. However, recent sub-regional investigations based on remote sensing suggest that short-interval fire (SIF) does not have ubiquitous impact on postfire chaparral recovery. A region-wide analysis including a greater spatial extent and time period is needed to better understand SIF impact on chaparral. This study evaluates patterns of postfire recovery across southern California, based on temporal trajectories of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from June-solstice Landsat image series covering the period 1984–2018. High spatial resolution aerial images were used to calibrate Landsat NDVI trajectory-based estimates of change in fractional shrub cover (dFSC) for 294 stands. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess effects of time between fires and number of burns on recovery, using stand-aggregate samples (n = 294) and paired single- and multiple-burn sample plots (n = 528), and (2) to explain recovery variations among predominant single-burn locations based on shrub community type, climate, soils, and terrain. Stand-aggregate samples showed a significant but weak effect of SIF on recovery (p
Case 30-2020: A 54-Year-Old Man with Sudden Cardiac Arrest

A Man with Sudden Cardiac Arrest A 54-year-old man was evaluated at the hospital after cardiac arrest associated with ventricular fibrillation. The patient had been in a fast-food restaurant when h...
Scintillation and quantum evaporation generated by single monoenergetic electrons stopped in superfluid helium

An electron stopped in superfluid helium generates phonons and rotons in the liquid as well as uv photons via scintillation. We report recent measurements with single 364 ke V electrons. A sapphire wafer with a superconducting transition-edge sensor is mounted above the liquid and can measure energy and timing information of individual events. We observe both uv photons and the quantum evaporation of helium atoms resulting from phonons and rotons generated by the ionizing particle in the liquid. The production of photons and rotons is strikingly different for an electron and for an alpha particle. The origin of the differences is associated with the different density of excitations along the tracks of an alpha particle and an electron.
E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use–Associated Lung Injury: A Case Study and Review of the Literature

Abstract E-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) has caused significant morbidity in the US population, including in many young patients. It is critical for all health-care providers to recognize symptoms and imaging findings associated with lung injury secondary to e-cigarette and vaping use. Nurses, both inpatient and outpatient, are in a unique position to be able to assess patients for vaping and e-cigarette use and educate patients on the dangers of continued use. Here, we describe the case of a 16-year-old male with a history of vaping presenting with clinical and radiographic features consistent with EVALI. We review the current literature on pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and nursing implications of vaping-related lung disease.
Reconciling print-size and display-size constraints on reading.

Two fundamental constraints limit the number of characters in text that can be displayed at one time—print size and display size. These dual constraints conflict in two important situations—when people with normal vision read text on small digital displays, and when people with low vision read magnified text. Here, we describe a unified framework for evaluating the joint impact of these constraints on reading performance. We measured reading speed as a function of print size for three digital formats (laptop, tablet, and cellphone) for 30 normally sighted and 10 low-vision participants. Our results showed that a minimum number of characters per line is required to achieve a criterion of 80% of maximum reading speed: 13 characters for normally sighted and eight characters for low-vision readers. This critical number of characters is nearly constant across font and display format. Possible reasons for this required number of characters are discussed. Combining these character count constraints with the requirements for adequate print size reveals that an individual’s use of a small digital display or the need for magnified print can shrink or entirely eliminate the range of print size necessary for achieving maximum reading speed.
Changes caused by forest logging in structure and floristic diversity of natural regeneration: Relationship between climate variables and forest dynamics in the eastern Amazon

Abstract Several studies indicate that the Amazon rainforest is home to the greatest biodiversity of tree species on the planet. The unique quality of this forest typology is under constant threat of change owing to the behavior of climate variables and different anthropic activities that occur in the biome itself. Therefore, it is essential to conduct studies that clarify the factors that affect the formation of forests in this ecosystem and to validate the use of forest resources by society through appropriate forest management practices. Thus, this study aimed to answer how the structure, composition and floristic diversity of the forest are influenced by forest logging in different phases of development of a local Amazonian forest, and whether there is a relationship between these attributes and regional and global climate factors. This study assessed the dynamics of natural regeneration of 36 permanent plots over 33 years after logging in the Tapajos National Forest in Belterra, State of Para, Brazil. The plots studied were measured in 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2007, and 2012. All individuals with height greater than 30 cm and diameter at breast height
A Lyapunov-Based Methodology for Constrained Optimization with Bandit Feedback.

In a wide variety of applications including online advertising, contractual hiring, and wireless scheduling, the controller is constrained by a stringent budget constraint on the available resources, which are consumed in a random amount by each action, and a stochastic feasibility constraint that may impose important operational limitations on decision-making. In this work, we consider a general model to address such problems, where each action returns a random reward, cost, and penalty from an unknown joint distribution, and the decision-maker aims to maximize the total reward under a budget constraint $B$ on the total cost and a stochastic constraint on the time-average penalty. We propose a novel low-complexity algorithm based on Lyapunov optimization methodology, named ${\tt LyOn}$, and prove that it achieves $O(\sqrt{B\log B})$ regret and $O(\log B/B)$ constraint-violation. The low computational cost and sharp performance bounds of ${\tt LyOn}$ suggest that Lyapunov-based algorithm design methodology can be effective in solving constrained bandit optimization problems.
Standards Competition and the Role of Intermediation in the Supply of Mobile Applications

Abstract The development of ubiquitous computing and mobile commerce is premised on an infrastructure of interoperable networks, operating systems and applications. As technologies evolve to create this infrastructure this process sometimes gives rise to a standards competition. This research examines such a competition between mobile application development platforms and the resulting intermediation services. In particular, the research describes the nature of these intermediation services and assesses the relative value they represent for standards promulgators, application buyers and suppliers. The findings of asymmetric value suggest that value chain level assessments of intermediation can provide a rich topic of research on technical and industry evolution as well as provide additional insights into the strategic aspects of standards competition for those who start them as well as those affected by them. 1. Introduction The growth of network technologies, including fixed, mobile, wireless and satellite networks, combined with the proliferation of user devices, has created new opportunities for ubiquitous computing in which users are able to access a wide array of content, applications and information services in a variety of contexts. While ubiquitous computing can potentially enable transactions related to areas as diverse as healthcare, government and recreation, the ability to access information via these networks requires a high degree of compatibility between diverse software and hardware technologies across system layers, including networks, server and end-user devices (Lyytinen & Yoo, 2002). The conditions for and cost of overcoming these compatibility challenges will, in turn, have several implications. Compatibility, or a lack thereof, influences the nature of user experience, including where services are available and which services are available. As has been experienced in the desktop computer software market, compatibility issues can also influence which firms are able to offer applications, content and information