cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graft-versus-host Disease-associated Angiomatosis Treated With Topical Timolol Solution.

Introduction Scleroderma-like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an uncommon subtype of chronic GVHD. Vascular lesions rarely arise within areas of scleroderma-like changes and until recent- ly have not been considered to be related entities. Kaffenberg et al1 have grouped this heterogeneous collection of vascular lesions under the term GVHD-associated angiomatosis. Treatment modalities thus far have been mostly ineffective. Topical timolol solution has been used in the treatment of superficial infantile hemangiomas with good success. Here the authors report the first case of GVHD-associated angiomatosis treated with topical timolol solution. Methods and materials Timolol 0.5% solution was applied daily to 3 lesions on the lower extremities of their patient for 3 months. Results All lesions decreased in friability and frequency of spontaneous hemorrhage. Le- sions remained stable in size throughout treatment duration, with no growth observed in any lesion. Granulation tissue surrounding all lesions was markedly reduced after the treatment period. Conclusion Topical timolol remains a promising therapeutic option in the treat- ment of GVHD-associated angiomatosis.
Leiomyoma of the Kidney: Presentation of 4 New Cases and The Role of Computerized Tomography

Renal leiomyoma is a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic condition. It is clinically similar in presentation and radiographic appearance to its malignant counterpart, leiomyosarcoma. We review 30 cases of clinically diagnosed leiomyoma of the kidney from the literature, including 4 new cases with emphasis on the computerized tomography findings. Computerized tomography may locate a renal leiomyoma serendipitously in an asymptomatic patient. If the lesion is peripheral or in the parapelvic area and a plane can be seen between the tumor and kidney a capsular tumor, such as a leiomyoma of the kidney, might be considered in addition to the more common renal cell carcinoma. Renal leiomyomas have a variable radiographic pattern from that of a pure cystic to a mixed solid/cystic to an entirely solid lesion. Renal leiomyomas usually are sharply demarcated from the surroundings. Although computerized tomography cannot distinguish a renal leiomyoma from other benign or malignant renal processes the presence of invasion can virtually eliminate this benign tumor as a diagnosis. Since a preoperative diagnosis cannot be made, management involves renal exploration and radical nephrectomy in the larger lesions with a renal-sparing operation possible in selected cases. After treatment patients have a uniformly excellent prognosis.
Aqueous Lithium–Iodine Solar Flow Battery for the Simultaneous Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy

Integrating both photoelectric-conversion and energy-storage functions into one device allows for the more efficient solar energy usage. Here we demonstrate the concept of an aqueous lithium–iodine (Li–I) solar flow battery (SFB) by incorporation of a built-in dye-sensitized TiO2 photoelectrode in a Li–I redox flow battery via linkage of an I3–/I– based catholyte, for the simultaneous conversion and storage of solar energy. During the photoassisted charging process, I– ions are photoelectrochemically oxidized to I3–, harvesting solar energy and storing it as chemical energy. The Li–I SFB can be charged at a voltage of 2.90 V under 1 sun AM 1.5 illumination, which is lower than its discharging voltage of 3.30 V. The charging voltage reduction translates to energy savings of close to 20% compared to conventional Li–I batteries. This concept also serves as a guiding design that can be extended to other metal-redox flow battery systems.
Flow Through Conical Converging Dies with Hydrodynamic Lubrication Treated as an Adiabatic Process

Most present-day analytical solutions of metal-forming processes assume the process to be isothermal. When temperature effects are incorporated, the temperature rise is based on either the initial strength of the material or some average strength of the material. Present-day numerical solutions, where material properties change with temperature, strain, and strain rates, are based on the finite element method or the finite difference method. Because the approach employs small incremental units and because the procedure converges on the chosen flow pattern by the successive approximation method, these two approaches are time consuming.
The great debate

In Fact and Fiction in Global Energy Policy, Sovacool, Brown, and Valentine make clever use of the Hegelian dialectic to take on 15 core energy questions (e.g., "Do conventional energy resources have a meaningful 9peak9?"), showing how each has a mutually exclusive thesis and antithesis. By understanding these differing viewpoints, the idea is that the truth in both can be revealed and perhaps reconciled in a synthesis.
Computing and education at the university level

This paper places the modern university education system in a context derived from its full history. It examines where university education in general, and computing education in particular, are and where they are heading. By placing the current situation in historical context, we see the relevance of changes in society. And these changes create a need for determining what is appropriate for education. Education in computing faces the same need for change as all other disciplines. At the same time computing faces unique challenges which must be addressed. The paper proposes a model for university computing education to carry it into the new millennium.
Paradoxes of Ostpolitik: Revisiting the Moscow and Warsaw Treaties, 1970

This article reexamines the diplomacy of Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik, focusing on two landmark achievements in 1970: the Moscow Treaty in August, and the Warsaw Treaty in December. On the basis of declassified US and German documentation, it argues that envoy Egon Bahr’s unconventional approach resulted in a poorly negotiated treaty with the Soviet Union that failed to address vital problems such as the status of Berlin. The outcome deepened political polarization at home and proved disconcerting to many West German allies; it also forced the four World War II victors—Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union—to save Brandt’s Ostpolitik by grinding out an agreement on access to Berlin. By contrast, West German negotiations in Warsaw yielded a treaty more in line with West German expectations, though the results proved sorely disappointing to the Polish leadership. Disagreements over restitution payments (repacked as government credits) and the emigration of ethnic Germans would bedevil German-Polish relations for years to come. Bonn’s Ostpolitik thus had a harder edge than the famous image of Brandt kneeling in Warsaw would suggest.
Beyond ‘Einstein’, ‘Magritte’, and ‘Quine’

Einstein was the discoverer of spatial-temporal relativity. Let “Einstein” (Einstein’s name surrounded by quotes) be the name of him and his achievements together with other revolutionary scientists of the 20th century and their equally surprising discoveries (such as Bohr, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Dirac, Fermi, etc. through S. Hawking). So, when I say that “Einstein” is a 20th century scientific achievement of a very peculiar nature, I am not talking just about Einstein, but also his results plus other noteworthy scientists and their results. Analogously, I will use Magritte’s name with quotation marks added to refer not just to Magritte and his artistic achievements, but also to many other modernist 20th century artists and their achievements (e.g., Picasso, Duchamp, Pollock, Dali, but also Calder, Schonberg, Escher, Le Corbusier, Bausch, Maplethorpe, and many others).
Chapter 2 – Communication

One of the core competencies of providing palliative care is the ability to communicate with patients and their families. While many of us think that we are excellent communicators, there is always room for improvement. Communication is a skill and no matter what level you are starting at, there is always room for growth and refinement. Some basic tools are provided in this chapter to help guide you on your journey toward mastery. Your journey will involve trial and error, taking risks (going outside your comfort zone), taking the time to debrief on what went well or not so well, and what improvements you can make.
Paul Harkai Schiller

This unusual 4-part article considers Paul Schiller’s life and works. It includes (1) an introduction, (2) Karl Lashley’s (1949) biographical sketch, (3) a supplement to that biography, and (4) a systematic study of Schiller’s comparative psychology and its impact. Distinctive typography sets the Lashley work apart from that of Dewsbury.
Clinical outcomes for patients presenting with N3 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Background There is a paucity of data regarding head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and N3 nodal disease. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with N3 HNSCC identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) was performed. Results We identified 4867 patients with N3 HNSCC treated with primary surgery or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Propensity-adjusted median survival was 54.2 and 44.8 months for surgery and CRT, respectively (P = .06). Oropharyngeal primary subsite demonstrated a survival advantage with surgery versus CRT with propensity-adjusted median survivals of 86.0 and 61.9 months, respectively (P < .05). Conclusion Management of N3 HNSCC relies largely on CRT. Patients with N3 nodal disease with nonoropharyngeal primary tumors exhibit 5-year overall survival approaching 30% independent of initial treatment modality. Patients with oropharyngeal primaries exhibit improved outcomes with surgery largely influenced by the human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative subset. These data represent the most comprehensive analysis of N3 HNSCC outcomes and serves as a foundation for future research and clinical management.
Operating Room Principles

A guide to doctor–patient procedure and operating room principles. Practical advice begins with patient counseling and concludes with talking to the family after surgery. Topics include pre-operative planning, positioning the patient and OR lighting, working from the known to the unknown areas of the injury, and the most efficient timing for intraoperative radiographs.
Clinical Ratings Scales and Assessment in Eating Disorders

Eating disorders have one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric condition. However, these conditions are difficult to detect by both primary-care physicians and mental health professionals. As a result, eating-disordered patients often go unrecognized and untreated. The utilization of standardized rating scales and structured interviews can increase the recognition of these conditions and also improve treatment planning and outcome monitoring. This chapter provides a detailed review of the available self-report instruments and semi-structured interviews for the eating disorders.
Selective Nucleoside Transport Blocker NBMPR Attenuates Myocardial Stunning in a Rabbit Model Deficient of Xanthine Oxidase

Myocardial ischemia triggers rapid degradation of ATP leading to accumulation of diffusible adenine nucleosides (adenosine and inosine) and nucleopurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) (1,2). Inosine is the major metabolite of ATP degradation during ischemia (3,4). Upon reperfusion, inosine is rapidly transported into the interstitial space and taken up by the endothelial cells where it is further degraded to hypoxanthine. In the presence of molecular oxygen, hypoxanthine is oxidized to xanthine and superoxide free radical. Oxidation of nucleopurines is catalyzed by endothelial xanthine oxidase. Similarly, xanthine is oxidized to uric acid and free radicals. Theoretically, four moles of superoxide radicals will be produced for each mole of ATP metabolized to uric acid.
Quantum Computation of Electronic Transitions Using a Variational Quantum Eigensolver.

We develop an extension of the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm---multistate contracted VQE (MC-VQE)---that allows for the efficient computation of the transition energies between the ground state and several low-lying excited states of a molecule, as well as the oscillator strengths associated with these transitions. We numerically simulate MC-VQE by computing the absorption spectrum of an ab initio exciton model of an 18-chromophore light-harvesting complex from purple photosynthetic bacteria.
Particle orientation and bulk properties of magnetoactive elastomers fabricated with aligned barium hexaferrite

This work studied the relationship between embedded particle volume fraction and magnetic particle orientation distribution in aligned 325 mesh barium hexaferrite (BHF) and polydimethylsiloxane (Sylgard 184; Dow Corning) magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) composites. BHF particles were aligned within the elastomer in the out-of-plane direction, as the material cured. Particle orientation distribution was defined herein by observations of the population of directions at which particle magnetizations resided; magnetization coincides with the physical crystallographic c-axis of BHF. The work used results of vibrating sample magnetometry experiments on MAEs with increasing volume concentrations of embedded ferromagnetic particles (10–30 v/v%) to determine changing widths of analytical particle distribution functions used to describe the range of particle orientations. With over 80% confidence, results showed that MAE composites having the intermediate 15 v/v% had the highest degree of magnetic (and thereby physical) alignment as well as magnetic remanence.
Effects of β-adrenergic antagonists on chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Introduction: Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly resistant to chemoradiotherapy, and many cancer patients experience chronic stress. Studies that suggest stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) promotes tumor invasion and therapy resistance. We investigated whether β-AR inhibition with beta-blockers acts as a chemotherapy and radiation sensitizer in vitro and in patients treated with chemoradiation for locally advanced NSCLC. Methods: We investigated the effects of the non-selective beta-blocker propranolol on two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC9, A549) treated with radiation or cisplatin. We retrospectively evaluated 77 patients with Stage IIIA NSCLC who received induction chemoradiation followed by surgery. Pathological and imaging response, metastatic rate, and survival were analyzed using SPSS v22.0 and PrismGraphpad6. Results: Propranolol combined with radiation or cisplatin decreased clonogenic survival of PC9 and A549 cells in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, propranolol decreased expression of phospho-protein kinase A (p-PKA), a β-adrenergic pathway downstream activation target, in both cell lines compared to irradiation or cisplatin alone (p < 0.05). In patients treated for Stage IIIA NSCLC, 16 took beta-blockers, and 61 did not. Beta-blockade is associated with a trend to improved overall survival (OS) at 1 year (81.3% vs 57.4%, p = 0.08) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (2.6 years vs. 1.3 years, p = 0.16). Although beta-blocker use was associated with decreased distant metastases (risk ratio (RR) 0.19; p = 0.03), it did not affect primary tumor pathological response (p = 0.40) or imaging response (p = 0.36). Conclusions: β-AR blockade enhanced radiation and cisplatin sensitivity of human lung cancer cells in vitro. Use of beta-blockers is associated with decreased distant metastases and potentially improved OS and DMFS. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the role of beta-blockers as a chemoradiation sensitizer in locally advanced NSCLC.
Abstract 206: miR551b-mediated tumor-specific angiogenesis in ovarian cancer

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Tumor angiogenesis is essential for the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Our data shows that STAT3, HIF-1α and VEGFA are the key regulators of tumor-specific angiogenesis. Our studies have provided evidence that VEGF is directly regulated by STAT3 in miR551b-3p expressing cells, which indicates that STAT3 is an important regulator of angiogenesis in a subset of ovarian cancers. Recently, we showed that miR551b-3p acts as an upstream regulator of STAT3 in ovarian cancer cells. We identified that anti-miR551b-3p inhibit the expression of miR551b-3p disrupt tumor-specific angiogenesis by preventing the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA through direct inhibition of STAT3. Methods: In this study, we explored the role of miR551b on angiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells by performing cell proliferation, western blot and qPCR of angiogenic markers, in vitro capillary tube formation, in vivo matrigel plug assay and ex-vivo aortic ring assays. Results: We found that miR551b-3p upregulates STAT3, HIF-1α, VEGFR and VEGF in ovarian cancer cells and increases the abilities of cell proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells. In conjunction, knockdown of miR-551b decreased the level of STAT3, HIF-1α and VEGFR2 proteins as well as the angiogenic activity; also increased cellular apoptosis. Altogether, our data suggest critical roles of miR-551b on STAT-3–mediated angiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. In complement to our in vitro results, the delivery of anti-miR551b inhibited angiogenesis in the matrigel plug injected in nude mice. Furthermore, the treatment of anti-miR551b reduced the angiogenic sprouting from rat thoracic aorta in our ex vivo culture. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that miR-551b is a pivotal regulator of tumor angiogenesis and inhibiting miR551b could be used to inhibit tumor-specific angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. Conclusions: miR551b markedly augmented the pro-angiogenic effects in vitro, in vivo and ex-vivo models. Our data suggest that miR551b is an actionable target to disrupt tumor-specific angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. In our pre-clinical model, we are using anti-miR551b encapsulated in nanoliposomes for in vivo delivery to inhibit and sensitize anti- angiogenic therapy and chemotherapy. We expect that the completion of our studies will identify novel mechanisms regulate tumor-specific angiogenesis and novel targets to treat ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Deepak Parashar, Anjali Geethadevi, Jasmine George, Gopakumar Gopinathan Nair, Changliang Chen, Sunila Pradeep, Pradeep Chaluvally-Raghavan. miR551b-mediated tumor-specific angiogenesis in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 206.
Liberdade entre fronteiras: libertos no Território Indígena e no Sul dos Estados Unidos

Resumo: Este artigo examina como os ex-escravos dos indigenas Choctaw ­ e no Territorio Indigena, em geral ­ debateram e imaginaram a liberdade. Analisam-se as narrativas de escravizados coletadas pela Administracao para o Progresso do Trabalho (Works Progress Administration - WPA). Essas pessoas frequentemente descreveram os proprietarios e capatazes, bem como o anuncio da emancipacao em linguagem muito semelhante a encontrada em narrativas de libertos dos estados confederados. Tais relatos se diferenciavam de modo marcante, no entanto, em relacao ao acesso a terra quando do termino da Guerra Civil e do inicio do processo conhecido como Reconstrucao (1863-1877), quando o governo federal tentou fazer dos estados confederados uma sociedade baseada em cidadania. Durante a Reconstrucao, os ex-escravos dos povos nativos do Territorio Indigena adquiriram o direito a terra, diferentemente do que ocorreu nos estados do Sul.
Fever of Unknown Origin

The original criteria for fever of unknown origin (FUO) as set forth in 1961 by Petersdorf and Beeson were fever higher than 38.3°C on several occasions of at least 3 weeks’ duration and uncertain diagnosis after 1 week of study in the hospital (1). This definition was later revised, and the criterion of 1 week of hospitalization has been replaced by 3 days of hospitalization or three outpatient visits (2,3). In addition to the previously described classic FUO, additional categories have been added: nosocomial, neutropenic, and HIV-associated FUO (3,4).
Systemic impact on tumor growth after combined immuno-thermal ablation in a murine model of colorectal cancer.

198Background: Cryoablation exposes tumoral antigens capable of provoking an anti-cancer immune response. The addition of immunotherapy alongside cryoablation may synergistically promote a more rob...
Stepwise Assembly of Turn‑on Fluorescence Sensors in Multicomponent Metal–Organic Frameworks for in Vitro Cyanide Detection

The controlled synthesis of multicomponent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allows for the precise placement of multiple cooperative functional groups within a framework, leading to emergent synergistic effects. Herein, we demonstrate that turn-on fluorescence sensors can be assembled by combining a fluorophore and a recognition moiety within a complex cavity of a multicomponent MOF. An anthracene-based fluorescent linker and a hemicyanine-containing CN- -responsive linker were sequentially installed into the lattice of PCN-700. The selective binding of CN- to hemicyanine inhibited the energy transfer between the two moieties, resulting in a fluorescence turn-on effect. Taking advantage of the high tunability of the MOF platform, the ratio between anthracene and the hemicyanine moiety could be fine-tuned in order to maximize the sensitivity of the overall framework. The optimized MOF-sensor had a CN- -detection limit of 0.05 μm, which is much lower than traditional CN- fluorescent sensors (about 0.2 μm).
Predicting Clinical Success in Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students

Purpose Admissions committees rely heavily on quantitative academic variables such as undergraduate grade point average (UGPA) and scores on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). However, the abil...
Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal two distinct transcriptional modules associated with pollen shedding time in pine

Seasonal flowering time is an ecologically and economically important trait in temperate trees. Previous studies have shown that temperature in many tree species plays a pivotal role in regulating flowering time. However, genetic control of flowering time is not synchronised in different individual trees under comparable temperature conditions, the underlying molecular mechanism is mainly to be investigated. In the present study, we analysed the transcript abundance in male cones and needles from six early pollen-shedding trees (EPs) and six neighbouring late pollen-shedding trees (LPs) in Pinus tabuliformis at three consecutive time points in early spring. We found that the EPs and LPs had distinct preferred transcriptional modules in their male cones and, interestingly, the expression pattern was also consistently maintained in needles even during the winter dormancy period. Additionally, the preferred pattern in EPs was also adopted by other fast-growing tissues, such as elongating new shoots. Enhancement of nucleic acid synthesis and stress resistance pathways under cold conditions can facilitate rapid growth and maintain higher transcriptional activity. During the cold winter and early spring seasons, the EPs were more sensitive to relatively warmer temperatures and showed higher transcriptomic activity than the LPs, indicating that EPs required less heat accumulation for pollen shedding than LPs. These results provided a transcriptomic-wide understanding of the temporal regulation of pollen shedding in pines.
Symptomatic vulvar demodicosis: A case report and review of the literature.

Demodex folliculorum is a mite that commonly inhabits the pilosebaceous units of facial skin, particularly in a perioral and periorbital distribution. While typically an incidental and asymptomatic parasite, Demodex spp. are proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of facial folliculitis, chronic blepharitis and papulopustular rosacea. Reports of demodicosis in anatomic locations other than the face are exceedingly rare. Here we report a 36-year-old woman with symptomatic Demodex spp. infestation of Fordyce spots of the labia minora. She was referred to dermatology after a 9-month history of tender red bumps on the vulva that would arise and drain over a 24 to 72 hours period, several times per week. Physical examination revealed erythema of the labia minora and introitus with a 4 mm, pink, dome-shaped soft papule on the left labium minus. Wet mount, microbiologic cultures and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screenings were unremarkable. Histopathologic examination revealed a well-circumscribed nodule of suppurative granulomatous inflammation arising in a background of mucosa with Fordyce spots, the majority of which were infiltrated by Demodex spp. Treatment with oral ivermectin and topical metronidazole cream resulted in a symptom-free period of 22 months. This case represents an unusual presentation of symptomatic Demodex infestation.
Javier Sologuren y la poesía del conocimiento en el Perú. Una lectura de La hora (1980)

This work presents an interpretation of Javier Sologuren’s work La hora (1980) as an evidence of three little considered phenomena in the history of Latin American poetry. In reference to the avant-garde esthetic and political legacy, the interpretation of romantic traditions other than Spanish, and the invention and interpretation of Eastern poetic traditions in Spanish, La hora problematizes conceptual and prosodic issuesrelevant to the poetic work. In an address of the different forms of prosodic expression in accordance with a concrete thesis, La hora not only represents a spike in Sologuren’s work; it also responds to the poetic tradition labeled as Poetry of Knowledge, which reflects on the balanced coexistence between nature and humanity.
Thoracic Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic systemic inflammatory diseases and the most common chronic inflammatory arthritis. Classically a progressive symmetric polyarthritis, RA is characterized by inflammation, erosions, bone loss, and joint destruction. Up to half of patients with RA exhibit extra-articular manifestations (EAMs), which may precede articular disease and are more common in patients with seropositive RA (patients with detectable serum levels of rheumatoid factor and/or anticitrullinated peptide antibodies). Cardiovascular and pulmonary EAMs are the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality in RA and may be especially devastating. Imaging has a significant role in diagnosing these EAMs and assessing response to treatment. Although treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs has redefined the natural history of RA and helped many patients achieve low disease activity, patients are at risk for treatment-related complications, as well as infections. The clinical features of drug-induced lung disease and infection can overlap considerably with those of EAMs, presenting a diagnostic challenge. Radiologists, by recognizing the imaging characteristics and evolution of these various processes, are essential in diagnosing and distinguishing among EAMs, treatment-related complications, and unrelated processes and formulating an appropriate differential diagnosis. Moreover, recognizing these disease processes at imaging and contextualizing imaging findings with clinical information and laboratory and pathologic findings can facilitate definitive diagnosis and proper treatment. The authors review the articular and extra-articular thoracic imaging manifestations of RA, including cardiovascular, respiratory, and pleural diseases, as well as treatment-related complications and common infections. ©RSNA, 2021.
Stiffness and Energy Dissipation of Polymer Matrix Composites Containing Embedded Metallic Negative Stiffness Structures

Conventional composites used in damping applications exhibit an undesirable tradeoff between stiffness and energy dissipation. Recent research demonstrates that it is possible to simultaneously achieve increased stiffness and energy dissipation for a configuration of a viscoelastic polymer matrix placed in parallel with a negative stiffness structure (NSS). This configuration resulted in energy dissipation equal to the sum of its components but is difficult to implement in practice. In this paper, an alternative configuration is investigated in which the NSS is embedded simultaneously in series and parallel with the matrix. The main objectives are to examine the tradeoff between the stiffness and energy dissipation of the composite and to identify the mechanisms for enhanced energy dissipation. To achieve this, FEA models were used to match the stiffness of a polymer matrix with that of a metallic NSS. Multiple specimens were manufactured and tested under quasi-static compressive loads to determine the force versus displacement curves and calculate the energy dissipation and stiffness. These tests demonstrate that the total energy dissipation of the composite can be greater than the sum of its components, while maintaining the benefit of increasing the stiffness and damping capacity simultaneously. The results also demonstrate that the applied strain rate plays a critical role in activating the NSS, which is essential to achieve the desired increase in energy dissipation. The results indicate that localized strain and strain rate at the interface between the NSS and polymer matrix are the main contributors to achieving energy dissipation beyond the sum of its components. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the strain rate affects the activation of the NSS and therefore composites containing mechanically activated NSS must be designed for the strain rate of interest.
The Convex Geometry of Backpropagation: Neural Network Gradient Flows Converge to Extreme Points of the Dual Convex Program

We study non-convex subgradient flows for training two-layer ReLU neural networks from a convex geometry and duality perspective. We characterize the implicit bias of unregularized non-convex gradient flow as convex regularization of an equivalent convex model. We then show that the limit points of non-convex subgradient flows can be identified via primal-dual correspondence in this convex optimization problem. Moreover, we derive a sufficient condition on the dual variables which ensures that the stationary points of the non-convex objective are the KKT points of the convex objective, thus proving convergence of non-convex gradient flows to the global optimum. For a class of regular training data distributions such as orthogonal separable data, we show that this sufficient condition holds. Therefore, non-convex gradient flows in fact converge to optimal solutions of a convex optimization problem. We present numerical results verifying the predictions of our theory for non-convex subgradient descent.
Advances in polycythemia vera and lessons for acute leukemia

Abstract The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis and primary myelofibrosis, are an unusual group of myeloid neoplasms, which arise in a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) due to gain of function driver mutations in the JAK2, CALR and MPL genes that constitutively activate JAK2, the cognate tyrosine kinase of the type 1 hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) receptors. PV is the ultimate phenotypic expression of constitutive JAK2 activation since it alone of the three MPN is characterized by overproduction of normal red cells, white cells and platelets. Paradoxically, however, although PV is a panmyelopathy involving myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitor cells, pluripotent HSC only express a single type of HGF receptor, the thrombopoietin receptor, MPL. In this review, the basis for how a pluripotent HSC with one type of HGF can give rise to three separate types of myeloid cells will be explained and it will be demonstrated that PV is actually a hormone-sensitive disorder, characterized by elevated thrombopoietin levels. Finally, it will be shown that the most common form of acute leukemia in PV is due to the inappropriate use of chemotherapy, including hydroxyurea, which facilitates expansion of DNA-damaged, mutated HSC at the expense of their normal counterparts.
Life and Death: Philosophical Essays in Biomedical Ethics

How should modern medicine's dramatic new powers to sustain life be employed? How should limited resources be used to extend and improve the quality of life? In this collection, Dan Brock, a distinguished philosopher and bioethicist and co-author of Deciding for Others (Cambridge, 1989), explores the moral issues raised by new ideals of shared decision making between physicians and patients. The book develops an ethical framework for decisions about life-sustaining treatment and euthanasia, and examines how these life and death decisions are transformed in health policy when the focus shifts from what is best for a patient to what is just for all patients. Professor Brock combines acute philosophical analysis with a deep understanding of the realities of clinical health policy. This is a volume for philosophers concerned with medical ethics, health policy professionals, physicians interested in bioethics, and undergraduate courses in biomedical ethics.
Case 70: A Child Refusing an Operation

It is the first case of the day. The patient is a 10-year-old girl (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I [ASA 1]) scheduled for repair of prominent ears. The parents, who accompany the child, are very keen to have the ears corrected. The child, on other the hand, is worried and asks if she can go home. She tells you that she is anxious, as she has seen a film that showed a person who was paralyzed and aware during anesthesia. The girl seems intelligent and articulates her concerns very well.
A Characterization of Local Connectivity in Dendroids

Publisher Summary A continuum is a nondegenerate, compact, connected, metric space. A continuum is said to be hereditarily uniooherent if the intersection of any two of its subcontinua is connected. A dendroid is an arcwise connected, hereditarily unicoherent continuum. A locally connected dendroid is called a dendrite. This chapter discusses the characterizations of dendrites; it is known that each subcontinuum of a dendrite admits a monotone retraction. The chapter discusses with the help of an example that the class of ultra smooth dendroids lies properly between the classes of smooth dendroids and dendrites.
SOLUBILIZATION OF PROTEIN ACCOMPANYING LOSS OF PERMEABILITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Rogers, Dexter (Utah State University, Logan). Solubilization of protein accompanying loss of permeability of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 88:279–292. 1964.—Two methods were studied for altering glucose permeability of Escherichia coli, and changes in protein and phosphorus composition were compared with changes in permeability. Protein was solubilized by incubating the cells at pH 7.3 in the presence of chloramphenicol, under conditions known to destabilize permeability. No protein was solubilized at pH 5.3, where permeability is stable. The solubilized protein was one of the first proteins to be extracted from the cells under mild conditions. Permeability was also altered by varying the culture age. It was maximal for logarithmic growth phase cultures, and it decreased rapidly in cultures in the stationary growth phase. Permeability correlated with the ratio of insoluble protein to soluble protein of the cells. Chromatographic analysis of an extract of cells treated at pH 7.3 revealed the presence of one additional protein fraction that was not present in an extract of cells treated at pH 5.3. The solubilized protein was precipitable with uranyl ion, which is a non-penetrating inhibitor of glucose transport in intact cells. Changes in phosphorus composition preceded changes in permeability and protein composition. These changes suggested that a phosphorus metabolite might contribute to the activity of the permeation process.
Recovery of Heated Clostridium perfringens Type A Spores on Selective Media

The enumeration of Clostridium perfringens spores on sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazine agar (SPS), tryptone-sulfite-neomycin agar (TSN), Shahidi-Ferguson-perfringens agar (SFP), tryptone-sulfite-cycloserine agar (TSC), and TSN lacking antibiotics (BASE) was studied. The spores were heated at 105 to 120 C by the capillary-tube method. The media were about equally efficient for the enumeration of heat-activated spores. Efficiency of the media for the recovery of spores surviving heat treatments at ultrahigh temperatures varied as follows: TSC ≥ SFP > BASE > SPS > TSN. Greater recovery when survivors were enumerated on TSC or SFP was attributed to germination of injured spores by the lysozyme present in the egg yolk emulsion used in these media. Low recovery of survivors on TSN and SPS was due to both the absence of lysozyme and inhibition of injured spores by the selective agents of these media. Recovery of heated spores was reduced greatly by polymyxin, neomycin, and kanamycin, and slightly by sulfadiazine and D-cycloserine. The addition of lysozyme to SPS or TSN did not improve the percentage of heat-injured spores recovered because the selective agents of these media interfered with the action of lysozyme. The suitability of the selective media for the enumeration of survivors was greatly affected by the presence of certain foods.
Late Mesozoic subduction‐induced hydrothermal gold deposits along the eastern Asian and northern Californian margins: Oceanic versus continental lithospheric underflow

During late Mesozoic subduction of paleo-Pacific lithospheric plates, numerous gold vein deposits formed in the Dabie–Sulu Belt of east-central China plus its east-Asian extensions, and in the Klamath Mountains plus Sierran Foothills of northern California. In eastern Asia, earlier transpression and continental collision at about 305–210 Ma generated a high pressure–ultrahigh pressure orogen, but failed to produce widespread intermediate to felsic magmatism or abundant hydrothermal gold deposits. Similarly in northern California, strike-slip ± minor transtension–transpression over the interval of about 380–160 Ma resulted in the episodic stranding of oceanic terranes, but generated few granitoid magmas or Au ore bodies. However, for both continental margin realms, nearly head-on Cretaceous destruction of oceanic lithosphere involved sustained underflow; reaching magmagenic depths of about 100 km, the descending mafic-ultramafic plates dewatered, producing voluminous calc-alkaline arc magmas. Ascent of these plutons into the middle and upper crust released CO2 ± S-bearing aqueous fluids and/or devolatilized the contact-metamorphosed wall rocks. Such hydrothermal fluids transported gold along fractures and fault zones, precipitating it locally in response to cooling, fluid mixing, and/or reactions with wall rocks of contrasting compositions (e.g. serpentinite, marble). In contrast, where sialic crust was subducted to depths of about 100 km, only minor production of granitoid melts occurred, and few major coeval Au vein deposits formed. The mobilization of precious metal-bearing fluids in continental margin and island arc environments apparently requires long-continued, nearly orthogonal descent of oceanic, not continental, lithosphere.
Do Women Deliberate with a Distinctive Voice? How Decision Rules and Group Gender Composition Affect the Content of Deliberation

In this paper, we use an experimental approach to examine how the content of group discussion about income redistribution changes as other group-level features, including the group’s decision rule and gender composition, change. In previous studies, we reported that these group-level features affect the level of participation by men and women. In this paper we further report that in the same conditions where women speak more, women are also more likely to speak a distinctive language. Not only do they speak less when they are minorities under majority rule; they speak less to the concerns women tend to raise in one-on-one interviews for national surveys, such as children, the family, and the poor. Unanimous rule dampens this effect of minority status for women. Relative to majority rule, under unanimous rule, numerical minority women are more likely to articulate women’s distinctive topics. Unanimous rule in addition generally produces linguistic forms that tend to characterize women’s distinctive speech patterns.
Repeated molecular testing in gliomas: a retrospective study of 53 cases.

The value of repeated molecular testing in patients with multiple resections of gliomas is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess for evidence of molecular changes for chromosome 1p/19q deletions and epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 53 glioma cases in which repeated testing was done. Paired results for 1p evaluation demonstrated a change in the profile from intact to loss in 1 (2%) of 50 cases; 19q evaluation demonstrated a change in profile in 4 (10%) of 41 cases. There was no change in the EGFR expression in any of the cases tested. There was no change in the clinical management based on the repeated molecular tests in patients with discrepant repeated results. Hence, there seems to be no indication for reflex repeated 1p/19q or EGFR testing in gliomas at the time of repeated biopsy or resection.
A quantitative comparison between two decentralized control approaches

Abstract An overall evaluation of the computational efficiency of two decentralized optimal control approaches, namely, the non-singular perturbation and the hierarchical control approaches, is performed in order to provide the grounds for a quantitative comparison between them. The linear-quadratic regulator problem is adopted as the vehicle to conduct the comparative study. Major conclusions drawn from this comparison are the computational superiority, wide applicability and potential flexibility of the hierarchical control approach over the non-singular perturbation approach.
Comment on Hadronic Production of Psions

We discuss a scheme for understanding the observed features of new-particle production. Qualitative tests of the conjectured mechanism are outlined, and the experimental data are reviewed.
Temperature Dependence of Edge Emission in Single-Crystal Cadmium Sulfide

The temperature dependence of the two series of edge emission lines in single-crystal CdS has been studied in the range of 4.2 to 350\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The "blue" or short-wavelength lines persist to 350\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and at least three bands are directly associated with the low-temperature lines. The shortest wavelength band has a peak at 5092 \AA{} at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and is associated with line ${{B}_{1}}^{1}$ of Pedrotti and Reynolds which appears at 4853 \AA{} at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The slope of the curve of wavelength versus temperature of this line is quite linear in the temperature range 175 to 350\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with slope of 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ eV/\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At lower temperatures the slope becomes less and in the range 4.2 to 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ eV/\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In the case of the green fluorescence, under stimulation by 250-keV electrons at a current of 5 \ensuremath{\mu}A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, there is a band with a peak intensity at 5490 \AA{} at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the peak intensity of this band is at 5250 \AA{}. The intensity of the band is three orders of magnitude less at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K than at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
PR practitioners’ use of social media tools and communication technology

Abstract As social media moves from “buzz word” status to strategic tool, more practitioners are developing skills related to this online communication technology. This study surveyed working public relations practitioners about their adoption of 18 social media tools and their perception on the growth of social media trends in public relations practice. Results provide an overview of the adoption of social media, as a whole, in the industry.
Epitaxial aluminum nitride films on sapphire formed by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract Highly oriented aluminum nitride thin films were grown on sapphire (0001)-substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique. Characterization was done by X-ray-diffraction, elastic recoil detection analysis and Rutherford backscattering/channeling measurements. The epitaxial properties were studied as function of the substrate temperature and the deposition rate. An epitaxial relation to the sapphire substrate is found to be AlN [0001] || Al 2 O 3 [0001] and AlN [1120] || Al 2 O 3 [1010]. XRD-texture-analysis on films deposited at 850°C shows a full width half maximum Δω of 0.13° (rocking curve) and Δϕ of 1.1° (in-plane).
Laboratory diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infections

Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is known to infect several body sites. Most commonly HSV infection results in lesions around the mouth or in the genital area. Infection at these sites may also be subclinical. Over the past decade HSV has been increasingly recognized as an important cause of both mild and severe diseases in a wide range of patients. Two distinct types of HSV are known, HSV-1 and HSV-2, and many antigens are shared between the two. Infection with either type of virus can occur early in life, although infection with HSV-2 becomes common only after puberty. The most common manifestation of HSV-1 infection is the orofacial "fever blister," while HSV-2 is most often responsible for genital lesions. 1,2 Either virus type can, however, cause disease in almost any site of the body and can recur frequently. This recurrence of disease from an inapparent or latent state makes HSV infection unique among the common viral infections. Mistakes in diagnosis of HSV infections based on clinical findings alone are not uncommon. Herpetic lesions have been confused with allergic reactions, drug reactions, and lesions due to other infectious agents. Besides the medical importance of HSV in special situations, the social impact of having "herpes" is of considerable concern is almost everyone. Therefore, precise diagnosis of HSV infection is of paramount importance, particularly since effective antiviral therapy is available for many forms of the disease. Morphologically, all herpesviruses are alike (Fig. 1); therefore, it is not possible to differentiate members of the group by their structure alone. Although rapid techniques for diagnosis of HSV infection are constantly being refined and improved, virus isolation in tissue culture is still the most definitive method of detecting HSV, and it is the most widely used. In this chapter detailed procedures for HSV isolation and typing are described, with brief reviews on methods that have been used in conjunction with virus isolation when cell culture facilities are not available.