cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sextic centrifugal distortion constants of ozone

Abstract Theoretical expressions for the sextic centrifugal distortion constants of triangular triatomic molecules, as given by Sumberg and Parker, have been evaluated for the ozone molecule. For this calculation, the harmonic frequencies and cubic anharmonic potential constants determined by Barbe, Secroun, and Jouve were used. The calculated distortion constants were compared to complete sets of measured distortion constants recently determined by Maki, and by Barbe et al. Even though the measured constants range over more than four orders of magnitude, we find that the theory reproduces the relative magnitudes and the algebraic signs of the constants quite well. Absolute quantitative agreement is considerably better than order-of-magnitude.
Faculty Incentives for Online Course Design, Delivery, and Professional Development

This quantitative study investigated the types and frequency of incentives for online instruction at non-profit institutions of higher education with an established teaching and learning development unit. While up to 70 % of institutions offer incentives, this support is not universal and varies by incentive type and purpose.
Automated computer evaluation of time-varying cryomicroscopical images

A system has been developed to perform automatic computerized recognition, tracking, and quantitative morphological analysis of viable cells in freezing solutions. Cryomicroscopical image sequences of freezing cells are digitized and analyzed by computer. Image-processing techniques are used which are insensitive to contrast fluctuations from image to image, and which perform well even in noisy, cluttered images. The generalized Hough transform is used for shape detection, and a heuristic graph-search boundary completion algorithm is applied for shape extraction. The extracted cell shape may be analyzed for changes in cross-sectional area, perimeter length, shape deformation, and other metrics of interest. Knowledge from the shape-extraction phase is used to form a prediction of what shape the cell will be in the next image frame, and thus what to look for in the next shape-detection phase. This combination of knowledge-feedback with a powerful shape-detection technique produces an automatic, dynamic shape-recognition scheme capable of accurate recognition and analysis of the cells regardless of how deformed they may become during the freezing sequence. Example performance of the system is illustrated for a series of micrographs of freezing granulocytes.
Spontaneous Solution-Phase Redox Deposition of a Dense Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine Monolayer on Gold

A dense monolayer of cobalt(II) phthalocyanine, CoPc, can be formed on a gold surface by spontaneous redox deposition followed by vacuum annealing at about 110 °C. CsCoPc(CN)2 or KCoPc(CN)2 in dilute (∼10-6 M) ethanol solution rapidly forms a dense adlayer that, when washed with ethanol, can be imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy, STM, in air. This adlayer is converted to a monolayer of CoPc by vacuum annealing as confirmed by STM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This spontaneous surface redox adsorption process represents a novel method for depositing metallorganic complexes, which are ultimately only physisorbed on gold.
Visual programming and the blind: the challenge and the opportunity

The proliferation of graphical user interfaces has had a dramatic impact on the ability to work as a programmer. It is particularly difficult for the blind to create forms for visual programming applications, such as Visual Basic. A scripting language is introduced that enables the blind to create Visual Basic forms without needing to specify a great deal of detail and without needing the "point and click" approach that they cannot use. Related issues of accommodating the blind in a computer science course are also discussed.
Physical and chemical stabilities of pillared clays containing transition metal ions

Abstract Chromium(III) and iron (III) ions exchanged both into the pillars and into the micropore structure of pillared clays are compared during thermal treatments from 120°–480°C for various times and in different atmospheres (air and nitrogen). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to monitor the %H2 O lost from 20°–720°C and X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to elucidate structural information. Both untreated and heat-treated clays are then examined for resistance to acid-attack using solutions of HCl having a concentration range of 1.25 × 10−4 N to 1N. Transition-metal leaching during acid treatment is monitored via atomic absorption (AA), and found to increase as the concentration of HCl increases. The % loadings of transition metal (TM) is seen to be an important factor with respect to stability of the clays. Since iron-containing materials in most cases contain higher concentrations of TM than chromium-containing clays, these materials have undergone more decomposition of the clay lattice and are less stable to acid attack. The exception is Fe + ACH-BL where iron(III) ions have been incorporated into the pillars of an alumina pillared clay. When this material is heat-treated it becomes more resistant to 0.05N HCl than ACH-BL without TM ions.
The coming of the text: The text of publicity

(1989). The coming of the text: The text of publicity. History of European Ideas: Vol. 11, No. 1-6, pp. 573-582.
Refugee Women's Health: Collaborative Inquiry with Refugee Women in Rwanda

A collaborative capacity building experience in a Rwandan refugee camp with refugee women from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is described in this article. In service to the American Refugee Committee, I taught 13 refugee women how to plan and facilitate focus group sessions with the larger community of refugee women. The facilitators then conducted 18 focus group sessions gathering data from 100 refugee women. Thematic results included the health implications of poverty, the struggle to survive, the overburden of daily work, ambivalence about family planning, and the lack of freedom to express themselves.
A nonobtrusive heart rate telemetry system for rats

A harness for recording heart rate (HR) from unrestrained rats and an inexpensive FM transmitter for broadcasting high-resolution EKGs are described. The harness, which employs surface electrodes rather than skin pins or implanted electrodes, is especially valuable for recording HR over extended periods of time. Because it is comparatively free of noise generated by the animal’s activity, the system is applicable to a wide range of experimental conditions. Sample HRs obtained from three strains of rats while engaging in different behavioral categories are presented.
Nonparametric variance-based methods of assessing uncertainty importance

Abstract This paper examines the feasibility and value of using nonparametric variance-based methods to supplement parametric regression methods for uncertainty analysis of computer models. It shows from theoretical considerations how the usual linear regression methods are a particular case within the general framework of variance-based methods. Examples of strengths and weaknesses of the methods are demonstrated analytically and numerically in an example. The paper shows that relaxation of linearity assumptions in nonparametric variance-based methods comes at the cost of additional computer runs.
Involvement of CD44 and its variant isoforms in membrane-cytoskeleton interaction, cell adhesion and tumor metastasis

CD44s (standard form of CD44) is a transmembrane glycoprotein whose external domain displays extracellular matrix adhesion properties by binding both hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen. The cytoplasmic domain of CD44s interacts with the cytoskeleton by binding directly to ankyrin. It has been shown that post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation (by protein kinase C), acylation (by acyl-transferase) and GTP-binding enhance CD44's interaction with cytoskeletal proteins. Most importantly, the interaction between CD44s and the cytoskeletal protein, ankyrin, is required for the modulation of CD44s cell surface expression and its adhesion function. Recently, a number of tumor cells and tissues have been shown to express CD44 variant (CD44v) isoforms. Using RT-PCR and DNA sequence analyses, we have found that unique CD44 splice variant isoforms are expressed in both prostate and breast cancer cell lines and carcinomas. Most importantly, intracellular ankyrin is preferentially accumulated underneath the patched/capped structures of CD44 variant isoform in both breast and prostate cancer cells attached to HA-coated plates. We propose that selective expression of CD44v isoforms unique for certain metastatic carcinomas and their interaction with the cytoskeleton may play a pivotal role in regulating tumor cell behavior during tumor development and metastasis.
Chemotherapy of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and ifosfamide are the most active single agents in soft tissue sarcoma, with response rates of 15–35% in various trials. Dacarbazine (DTIC), frequently used in combinations, has a response rate as a single agent of 16%.
Macrophage-enriched Myristoylated Alanine-rich C Kinase Substrate and Its Phosphorylation Is Required for the Phorbol Ester-stimulated Diffusion of β2 Integrin Molecules

Abstract An early event of β2 integrin activation is the increased diffusion rate of this molecule on the cell surface, thereby providing integrin molecules with a better chance to meet the ligands. The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) stimulates integrin diffusion by releasing the cytoskeletal constraint on integrin molecules. We report here that macrophage-enriched myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MacMARCKS), a membrane-associated PKC substrate involved in integrin activation, is required for this PKC-stimulated diffusion of integrin molecules. Using the single-particle tracking technique, we observed that the activation of PKC stimulated an 11-fold increase in the diffusion rate of β2 integrins in wild type J774 macrophage cells but not in those expressing mutant MacMARCKS. Further evidence is provided from a MacMARCKS-deficient cell line in which phorbol esters failed to stimulate the diffusion of integrin. Transfection of wild type MacMARCKS into these cells restored the rapid diffusion rate of the β2 integrins. The phosphorylation of MacMARCKS is important because transfection of a nonphosphorylatable MacMARCKS mutant or the addition of staurosporine eliminates the rapid diffusion rate of integrin. Furthermore, adding cytochalasin D bypasses the MacMARCKS deficiency and stimulates β2 integrin diffusion, suggesting that MacMARCKS's involvement in integrin activation is prior or at the site of cytoskeleton. Therefore, we conclude that MacMARCKS is required for releasing the cytoskeletal constraint on integrin molecules during PKC-mediated integrin activation.
Issues in the Design of Longitudinal Organizational Research

While there is a growing awareness in the field of organizational sociology of the need for longitudinal research, there are few exemplars to serve as guides for those interested in the design of s...
Fracture behavior of a B2 Ni-30Al-20Fe-0.05Zr intermetallic alloy in the temperature range 300 to 1300 K

The fracture behavior of a B2 Ni-30Al-20Fe-0.05Zr (at. pct) alloy was investigated using results of tensile tests conducted in the temperature range 300-1300 K under initial strain rates that varied between 10 exp -6 and 10 exp -3/sec, together with results of deformation measurements reported by Raj et al. (1992). Microstructural observations revealed that the alloy had failed by transgranular cleavage fracture below 873 K and by ductile fracture, power-law cavitation, triple point cracking, and rupture above this temperautre. The fracture map constructed using fracture results is compared with those for other classes of materials, showing that the atomic bonding plays a significant role in the low-temperature ductility of NiAl-based alloys.
Unimodal regression via prefix isotonic regression

This paper gives algorithms for determining real-valued univariate unimodal regressions, that is, for determining the optimal regression which is increasing and then decreasing. Such regressions arise in a wide variety of applications. They are shape-constrained nonparametric regressions, closely related to isotonic regression. For unimodal regression on n weighted points our algorithm for the L"2 metric requires only @Q(n) time, while for the L"1 metric it requires @Q(nlogn) time. For unweighted points our algorithm for the L"~ metric requires only @Q(n) time. All of these times are optimal. Previous algorithms were for the L"2 metric and required @W(n^2) time. All previous algorithms used multiple calls to isotonic regression, and our major contribution is to organize these into a prefix isotonic regression, determining the regression on all initial segments. The prefix approach reduces the total time required by utilizing the solution for one initial segment to solve the next.
MR Imaging of Cerebellopontine Angle and Internal Auditory Canal Lesions at 1.5 T

The high-field, thin-section (3-5 mm) MR imaging characteristics of 49 cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal lesions were reviewed. The diverse abnormalities include 20 acoustic neurinomas, eight neurinomas of other cranial nerves (six involving the fifth cranial nerve and two involving cranial nerves IX-XI), seven meningiomas, five subdural fluid collections, four brainstem tumors with exophytic components, three glomus jugulare tumors, one epidermoid tumor, and one basilar artery aneurysm. T1-, T2-, and proton-density-weighted images were obtained in all cases. T1-weighted images most accurately showed the margins of the seventh and eighth nerves in the internal auditory canal and were most sensitive in detecting small tumors in the cerebellopontine angle. Differentiation of meningioma from acoustic neurinoma by MR was provided most reliably by separation of the meningioma from the porus acusticus and seventh and eighth nerves and not by signal-intensity differences. A hypointense vascular ...
The Use of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to Define PpsR Binding Activity in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1

The expression of genes involved in photosystem development in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is dependent upon three major regulatory networks: FnrL, the PrrBA (RegBA) two-component system, and the transcriptional repressor/antirepressor PpsR/AppA. Of the three regulators, PpsR appears to have the narrowest range of physiological effects, which are limited to effects on the structural and pigment biosynthetic activities involved in photosynthetic membrane function. Although a PrrA− mutant is unable to grow under photosynthetic conditions, when a ppsR mutation was present, photosynthetic growth occurred. An examination of the double mutant under anaerobic-dark-dimethyl sulfoxide conditions using microarray analysis revealed the existence of an “extended” PpsR regulon and new physiological roles. To characterize the PpsR regulon and to better ascertain the significance of degeneracy within the PpsR binding sequence in vivo, we adapted the chromatin immunoprecipitation technique to R. sphaeroides. We demonstrated that in vivo there was direct and significant binding by PpsR to newly identified genes involved in microaerobic respiration and periplasmic stress resistance, as well as to photosynthesis genes. The new members of the PpsR regulon are located outside the photosynthesis gene cluster and have degenerate PpsR binding sequences. The possible interaction under physiologic conditions with degenerate binding sequences in the presence of other biologically relevant molecules is discussed with respect to its importance in physiological processes and to the existence of complex phenotypes associated with regulatory mutants. This study further defines the DNA structure necessary for PpsR binding in situ.
Performance Decay in a Single Server Exponential Queueing Model with Long Range Dependence

We discuss how long-range dependence can influence the characteristics of a single server queue. We take the analogue of the G/M/1 queue except that the input stream is altered to exhibit long-range dependence. The equilibrium queue size and equilibrium waiting time distributions have heavy tails. By suitably selecting the parameters of the inputs, the queue size or waiting time can be made to possess infinite variance and even infinite mean. Some simulations dramatically illustrate the potential for undetected long-range dependence to significantly alter the queueing behavior compared to what is anticipated with traditional inputs.
Women Working in the Applied Domain: Examining the Gender Bias in Applied Sport Psychology

Abstract The field of applied sport psychology has witnessed a large increase in the number of sport psychology consultants working with athletes, coaches, and teams (Waite & Pettit, 1993). However, despite this growth, there exists a distinct gender bias within the applied domain. Applied sport psychology consists of primarily white, middle-class males (Gill, 1994; Gould, Tammen, Murphy, & May, 1989; Lee & Rotella, 1991). The current reality is that the most visible, high-level applied sport psychology positions are occupied by men. The purposes of this paper are to examine the gender bias embedded within applied sport psychology, present several explanations for the marginalization of women within the field, critically examine previous suggestions provided, and introduce possible recommendations for increasing gender equity within applied sport psychology.
Neighborhood design and walking. A quasi-experimental longitudinal study.

Background Few studies have employed longitudinal data to examine associations between the physical environment and walking. Methods Using cross-sectional (n=70) and longitudinal (n=32) data (collected 2003–2006), associations of neighborhood design and demographics with walking were examined. Participants were low-income, primarily African-American women in the southeastern U.S. Through a natural experiment, some women relocated to neo-traditional communities (experimental group) and others moved to conventional suburban neighborhoods (control group). Results Post-move cross-sectional comparisons indicated that women in neo-traditional neighborhoods did not, on average, walk more than women in suburban neighborhoods. Race and household size were significant predictors of physical activity. Additionally, using longitudinal data, this study controlled for the effects of pre-move walking and demographics. Analyses examined the effects of environmental factors (e.g., density, land-use mix, street-network patterns) on post-move walking. Women who moved to places with fewer culs-de-sac, on average, walked more. Unexpectedly, increases in land-use mix were associated with less walking. Conclusions Results suggest that neo-traditional neighborhood features alone (e.g., sidewalks, front porches, small set-back distances) may not be enough to affect walking; however, changes in street patterns may play a role.
A heparin sulfate-regulated human keratinocyte autocrine factor is similar or identical to amphiregulin.

Abstract A novel human keratinocyte-derived autocrine factor (KAF) was purified from conditioned medium by using heparin affinity chromatography as the first step. Purified KAF stimulated the growth of normal human keratinocytes, mouse AKR-2B cells, and a mouse keratinocyte cell line (BALB/MK). Heparin sulfate inhibited KAF mitogenic activity on all cell types tested and inhibited the ability of KAF to compete with epidermal growth factor for cell surface binding. Interestingly, KAF stimulated the growth of BALB/MK cells at high cell density but failed to stimulate these cells at clonal density. Protein microsequencing of the first 20 NH2-terminal amino acid residues of purified KAF revealed identity to the NH2 terminus of human amphiregulin (AR). Northern (RNA) blot analysis with AR-specific cRNA demonstrated that human keratinocytes, as well as mammary epithelial cell cultures, expressed high levels of AR mRNA. In contrast, AR mRNA was not detected in normal human fibroblasts or melanocytes and was present at reduced levels in several mammary tumor cell lines. The mitogenic activity of purified AR was also shown to be inhibited by heparin sulfate, and an AR-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that KAF and AR are antigenically related. We have previously shown that human keratinocytes can grow in an autocrine manner. Our present study demonstrates that one of the growth factors responsible for this autocrine growth (KAF) is similar or identical to AR and that KAF and AR bioactivity can be negatively regulated by heparin sulfate.
Thromboxane A2 Receptor Signaling Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Migration

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important patho-physiological mediator of angiogenesis. VEGF-induced endothelial cell (EC) migration and angiogenesis often occur in complicated environments containing multiple agents capable of modifying the response. Thromboxane (TX) A 2 is released from multiple cell types and is a prime mediator of pathogenesis of many vascular diseases. Human EC express both TXA 2 receptor (TP) isoforms; however, the effects of individual TP isoforms on VEGF-induced EC migration and angogenesis are unknown. We report here that the TXA 2 mimetic [1S-(1α, 2β(5Z), 3α(1E, 3R), 4α]-7-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4′-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxab icyclo-[2.2.1]heptan-2yl]-5′-heptenoic acid (IBOP) (100 nmol/L) is a potent antagonist (IC 50 30 nmol/L) of VEGF-induced EC migration and differentiation. TPβ, but not TPα, expression is required for the inhibition of VEGF-induced migration and angiogenesis. IBOP costimulation suppressed nitric oxide (NO) release from VEGF-treated EC through decreased activation of Akt, eNOS, and PDK1. TPβ costimulation also ablated the increase in focal adhesion formation in response to VEGF. This mechanism was characterized by decreased recruitment of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vinculin to the α v β 3 integrin and reduced FAK and Src activation in response to VEGF. Addition of NO donors together with transfection of a constitutively active Src construct could circumvent the blockade of VEGF-induced migration by TP; however, neither intervention alone was sufficient. Thus, TP stimulation appears to limit angiogenesis, at least in part, by inhibiting the pro-angiogenic cytokine VEGF. These data further support a role for antagonism of TP activation in enhancing the angiogenic response in tissues exposed to elevated TXA 2 levels in which revascularization is important.
Addison’s Disease 2001

Whereas it is now more than 150 yr since T. Addison first described the clinical and pathological features of adrenal failure (1 ), the disease remains underdiagnosed, leading to unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, there have been important advances in elucidating the pathogeneses and underlying genetics of the individual forms of the disease. This review emphasizes the multiple etiologies and the diagnostic steps to be taken with consideration to age at onset and gender and summarizes new genetic insights in the disease.
Formality and Informality in Communicative Events

This paper examines the analytical utility of the concept of “formality” in social-cultural anthropology, particularly the ethnography of communication. A survey of literature indicates that “formality” actually incorporates several distinct descriptive dimensions that do not necessarily correlate. Separating these dimensions facilitates the comparison of social occasions, viewed in terms of their communicational structure. The occasions compared here are political meetings among Wolof (Senegal), Mursi (Ethiopia), and Ilongots (Philippines). It is suggested that formality in communicative events can serve not only the force of tradition or the coercive power of a political establishment, but also creativity and change. [formality, political meetings, ethnography of communication, sociolinguistics, situational analysis]
The Cry for Chinese Democratization: Between Idealism and Realism

The generational power transfer from president Hu Jintao and premier Wen Jaibao to the new president Xi Jinping and the new premier Li Keqiang took place between November 2012 and April 2013. It was both preceded and accompanied by a remarkable upsurge of protest both in mainland China and in the West over the Chinese government’s undemocratic attitude. But were these protests guided by Idealism or Realism?
Unlikely Optimists, Skeptics, and Believers: Understanding Adolescents' Prospective Relationship Views.

Attitudes formed in adolescence create a foundation for family-formation decisions in adulthood. Drawing on qualitative interviews with fifty American adolescents, this article details five relationship-relevant factors that emerge in the teens’ discussions of their relationship views. These are personal communication style, divorce acceptance, relationship efficacy, preferred family-formation timing and sequencing, and romantic relationship examples seen growing up. There is systematic variation in the teens’ views along these factors, which cluster together into distinct relationship orientations that range in their skepticism of romantic relationships in general and marriage specifically. These relationship orientations among adolescents are compared with those in previous research on college student samples. The importance of these findings for adolescent-focused relationship education is discussed.
GENDER IDEOLOGY AND STATUS ATTAINMENT OF CONSERVATIVE CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Theoretically derived measures and hypotheses concerning the connection between family ideology, gender ideals, and status attainment levels of conservative Christian women are examined in the twenty-first century. Conservative Christian women have a more intensive view of mothering, a stronger prolife stance, a younger age of childbearing, a higher number of children and a lower education level. These trends tend to intensify for women who convert to conservative churches after the age of 16 and reduce for women who engage in wage-work. A belief in Biblical inerrancy directly reduces educational attainment as does a higher intensity of mothering, a younger age of childbearing, and higher number of children. While there is no discernible direct effect of religiosity on income level, there is an indirect effect that is important to note.
Simulation of conductance and current-induced fluorescence of conjugated chromophores

The conductance and current-induced fluorescence of a single distyryl-benzene and a single distyryl-paracyclophane molecule in a tunneling junction is simulated. Our approach is formulated in terms of the electronic states of the neutral and charged molecular bridge and is applied to calculate the effective tunneling rates. We find that an orbital picture is adequate for describing the conductance of distyryl-benzene; however, a many-electron picture is needed for the paracyclophane linked complex. A strategy for maximizing electroluminescence by controlling the voltage drop across the junction through chemical modification of the molecular bridge is suggested. � 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The involvement of norepinephrine and microglia in hypothalamic and splenic IL-1β responses to stress

The noradrenergic system plays an integral role in the stress response and modulates expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent work from our laboratory and others has shown that certain stressors increase the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the hypothalamus and spleen. One goal of the following studies was to assess the role of norepinephrine in stress-elicited increases in IL-1beta. To do this, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with propranolol (20 mg/kg i.p.) or desipramine (20 mg/kg s.c.) and exposed to 80 inescapable footshocks (2.0 mA, 90 s variable ITI, 5 s each). We found that propranolol blocked the IL-1beta response to footshock in both the hypothalamus and the spleen, while the noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor desipramine significantly augmented the footshock-induced IL-1beta response in both of these sites. Our second goal was to determine whether these effects would also be blocked by administration of a putative microglial inhibitor (minocycline). Minocycline (40 mg/kg i.p.) completely reversed the footshock-induced increase in hypothalamic IL-1beta but had no effect on the IL-1beta response in the spleen. Moreover, lack of an effect of minocycline on conditioned fear responding suggests that the effect of this drug cannot be explained by nonspecific sedative properties produced by the drug. Together, these data suggest that NE powerfully modulates the hypothalamic and splenic IL-1beta response to stress, and that microglia may be a primary cellular source of central IL-1beta in response to footshock.
Natural history and treatment trends in hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes: Insights from a national cancer registry.

Background Histopathologic advancements have identified several rare subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the clinical significance of these distinctions is incompletely understood. Our aim was to investigate pathologic and treatment differences between HCC variants. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Cancer Data Base (1998–2011) was queried to identify 784 patients with surgical management of six rare HCC subtypes: fibrolamellar (FL, n = 206), scirrhous (SC, n = 29), spindle cell (SP, n = 20), clear cell (CC, n = 169), mixed type (M, n = 291), and trabecular (T, n = 69). We examined associations between demographic, tumor and treatment-specific variables, and overall survival (OS). Results Patients with FL-HCC were younger than other variants (median age 27 vs. 54–61, P 5 cm, P < 0.001) and node-positive disease (P < 0.001). Better OS was associated with lower pathologic stage, node-negative disease, FL-HCC, and liver transplant. Adjuvant therapy (11% of patients) was not associated with better OS. Conclusions This largest series of recognized HCC variants demonstrates distinct differences in presentation, treatment, and prognosis. These findings can provide a valuable reference for clinicians and patients who encounter these rare clinical entities. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:872–876. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavioral Conditioning and Immunity

Modern investigators no longer think of a central nervous system and an endocrine system, but of an integrated neuroendocrine system. In the same way, a growing body of experimental data suggests that one cannot think of an immune system that is independent of other biologic processes that function to maintain or restore homeostatic balance. While it has generally been assumed that (or, at least, immunologists have behaved as if) the immune system is an autonomous agency of defense, this is no longer a tenable assumption. Converging evidence, from immunology, neuroendocrinology, neurophysiology pharmacology and psychology indicate that the immune system, like any other system operating in the interests of homeostasis, is integrated with other physiological processes and is therefore subject to regulation or modulation by the brain (Ader, 1981a).
Course of Recognition and Covalent Reactions between Mitomycin C and DNA: Sequence Selectivity of a Cross-Linking Drug

Precovalent association of the reductively activated form of mitomycin C was mimicked by stable, structurally similar “active-form analogs”. The binding constant Kb is relatively low (approx. 10-3 M-1 in 0.01 M NaC1/0.001 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.5 buffer). Binding is primarily electrostatic and is insensitive to DNA composition, sequence and denaturation. Mitomycin C itself shows no binding to DNA. Covalent cross-linking of poly(dG).poly(dC) by mitomycin C resulted in the isolation of a mitomycin-d(GpG) adduct, characterized as a mitomycin cross-link between adjacent guanines (intra-strand cross-link). A large preference by mitomycin C to form a cross-link at CG.CG over the GG.CC sequence was observed. The order of preferred sequences is now established as CG.CG≫GG.CC≫GC.GC≃0. It is shown that the orientation of the monoadduct precursors in the minor groove is fixed and unique and is such that it is optimal at CG.CG but prohibitive at GC.GC sequences for cross-link formation. A role for the pre-covalent binding in these processes is discussed.
The Assessment of Quality of Life and Exercise Response in Patients with Chronic Cardiac Failure

The symptom complex of chronic congestive heart failure is primarily composed of generalized fatigue and dyspnea, resulting in a limitation of exercise capability. In addition to the extensive morbidity associated with the disease, there is a growing appreciation of the excessive mortality that occurs in a population of patients with symptomatic heart failure. Thus, 2 fundamental goals of therapy for the patient with congestive heart failure are to improve the quality of life and to extend survival. Although measuring the impact of a therapy on mortality involves the evaluation of large numbers of patients followed for long periods of time, the endpoint of death is simple, unambiguous and without controversy. The same can not be said of the assessment of changes in quality of life. The purpose of this report will be to review the problems associated with our current efforts to objectively quantitate the effect of therapy on the signs, symptoms, exercise tolerance and general well-being of the patient with chronic cardiac failure.
Axial Capacity of Single Drilled Shaft Foundations in Soil

This chapter deals with single drilled shaft foundations in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous soils. Calculations of axial load a single drilled shaft foundation can withstand are explained in details in this chapter. The calculations were performed to satisfy both bearing capacity and elastic settlement requirements. For the bearing capacity condition, the general bearing capacity equation was utilized and the effects of many factors were considered in the analyses such as shaft type (straight/belled), shaft size, shaft length, soil type, and groundwater table. Then again, the effects of skin friction and the end bearing components were considered in the elastic settlement analyses. Additionally, a step-by-step procedure was introduced in this chapter to develop bearing capacity and elastic settlement design charts which can be useful in the design process of single drilled shafts in soil. A number of design problems were also presented in this chapter and its solution were explained in details. These problems were first hand-solved, and then, resolved using the Shaft-1 (in soil) and Shaft-2 (in rock) applications of the foundationPro program. Finally, a set of design projects was suggested at the end of this chapter to allow the reader practice the concepts learned.
Dynamic Phosphonic Bridges in Aqueous Uranyl Clusters

Author(s): Oliveri, AF; Pilgrim, CD; Qiu, J; Colla, CA; Burns, PC; Casey, WH | Abstract: The uranyl cage clusters (UO2)22(O2)15(PHO3)20(H2O)1026- (U22) and (UO2)28(O2)20(PHO3)24(H2O)1232- (U28) can be probed in aqueous solutions by using a combination of 1H Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) and 1H-31P Heteronuclear-Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) spectroscopy. This class of clusters is ideal for 1H NMR analysis in D2O because of the covalent character of the H-P bond in the phosphonic bridges. 1H DOSY indicates that the clusters are stable in solution and provides hydrodynamic radii of 9.8 ± 0.4 A for the U22 and 12.3 ± 0.5 A for the U28 clusters. Furthermore, 1H-31P HSQC delivers unequivocal signal assignment for both nuclei, which enables solution dynamics to be monitored by variable-temperature experiments, and reveals the presence of phosphonic-bridge conformers. The results provide some of the first dynamic information about steady conformational changes in these enormous actinide macroions.
Inhibition of Corn Growth by Aldrin and the Insecticide's Fate in the Soil, Air, Crop, and Wildlife of a Terrestrial Model Ecosystem

The subsurface application of aldrin to the vermiculite substrate of a terrestrial model ecosystem resulted in a 9.5% reduction in the plant height of corn ( Zea mays , ‘Rieds Yellow Dent Synthetic’) at 2 wk postplanting when the application rate simulated one lb AI/acre (or 1.12 kg/ha), and a reduction of 14.3% occurred at a rate simulating 2 lb AI/acre (or 2.24 kg/ha). Similar results occurred in greenhouse studies using Drummer loam soil and commercially formulated aldrin. A simulated one lb AI/acre application of [14C]aldrin produced an initial concentration in vermiculite of 2.24 ppm, which decreased to 0.622 ppm of total residue after 20 days. Simultaneously, aldrin products were released into the atmosphere; most of the volatilization occurred during the initial 5 days, and the vapor density progressively decreased with time. The com acquired a pesticide residue of 2.85 ppm after 2 wk of growth; 78% of the residue was in the roots and 22% was in the shoots. The major 14C-compounds detected in the roots were aldrin and dieldrin, but neither of these compounds was the major 14C-metabolite in the aerial portion of the crop. The pesticide residue detected in the entire vole, Microtus ochrogaster , which fed at will in the ecosystem during the terminal 5 days of the experiment, was 3.81 ppm; the concentration within its mammary glands was 20.2 ppm, 99.0% of which was dieldrin. The system appears useful for screening the potential environmental impacts of pesticides.
Is there a role for the immune system in glaucomatous optic neuropathy

Glaucoma and immunity are not traditionally perceived as being causally related. Recently, however, compelling observations have provided insight into a potential role for the immune system in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In this article, it is proposed that the role of the immune system in glaucoma is two-fold. In some patients, there is evidence that an autoimmune mechanism may be responsible for eliciting damage to the optic nerve, resulting in glaucomatous injury. Autoimmune damage to the optic nerve may occur directly by autoantibodies, or indirectly by way of a "mimicked" autoimmune response to a sensitizing antigen which, in turn, injuries retinal ganglion cells. We suggest that autoimmune-mediated glaucoma injury occurs most often, but not exclusively, in patients in whom the intraocular pressure has never been found to be elevated. A second role of the immune system in glaucoma is likely one of surveillance, in which signal pathways of the immune system regulate cell death in response to conditions that stress retinal neurons in glaucoma. These might include mechanical stress from high intraocular pressure, ischemia, excessive excitatory amino acids, or toxic products resulting from excessive nitric oxide synthase production in either neurons or glial fibers that surround the optic nerve as it exits the eye. In these cases, we propose that the immune system acts as an "arbiter" to help determine whether a neuronal cell will ultimately survive, or succumb to, those stressors that are perceived as injurious. It is conceivable that such surveillance and cell death regulation by the immune system is important in determining the fate of retinal neurons in both the more common "high-pressure" forms of glaucoma, such as primary open-angle glaucoma, and in cases in which the intraocular pressure appears within normal range.
Namaste: How Yoga Can Inform Leadership Education.

My study and practice of yoga have impacted my understanding of leadership and changed how I teach it. After providing an overview of the history of yoga, this paper discusses how yoga has informed and influenced my teaching of leadership. The concepts of knowing oneself, Kula, being present, and ethics are central to both yoga and leadership education. The paper also describes the health benefits of practicing yoga for leaders.
Face recognition using 4-PSK joint transform correlation

This paper presents an efficient phase-encoded and 4-phase shift keying (PSK)-based fringe-adjusted joint transform correlation (FJTC) technique for face recognition applications. The proposed technique uses phase encoding and a 4- channel phase shifting method on the reference image which can be pre-calculated without affecting the system processing speed. The 4-channel PSK step eliminates the unwanted zero-order term, autocorrelation among multiple similar input scene objects while yield enhanced cross-correlation output. For each channel, discrete wavelet decomposition preprocessing has been used to accommodate the impact of various 3D facial expressions, effects of noise, and illumination variations. The performance of the proposed technique has been tested using various image datasets such as Yale, and extended Yale B under different environments such as illumination variation and 3D changes in facial expressions. The test results show that the proposed technique yields significantly better performance when compared to existing JTC-based face recognition techniques.
Characteristics of Occupational Hazards and Management Strategies in An Automobile Manufacturing Enterprise

[Objective]To analyze the detection data of the occupational hazards before final acceptance of an automobile manufacturing enterprise,to evaluated the effectiveness of occupational hazards control,and put forward management strategies.[Methods]Occupational health field investigation and occupational health detection method were applied.[Results]Concentrations of welding fume,manganese dust,xylene and noise level exceeded standards,they were the main occupational hazards.Welding fume classification of occupational hazards in 50%(9/18) welding-exposed positions were classⅠand II;56 %(15/27) were classⅡand Ⅲ.Classification of occupational hazards in noise-exposed position were classⅠ～Ⅲ.Occupational hazards in heat stress-exposed position were identified as class I.[Conclusion]Occupational hazards in this automobile manufacturing enterprise exceeded standards seriously.It is necessary to reform the production process,to add advanced equipment and to increase occupational health investment so as to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.
Osteoporosis. Its nature and the role of diet.

The relative lack of calcium with respect to phosphorus in the average American diet appears to be an important cause of primary osteoporosis. Equalizing the intake of these two elements by means of calcium supplementation can prevent bone porosity.
Necessary and Universal Truths about Law

Prominent analytical jurisprudents assert that a theory of law consists of necessary, universal truths about the nature of law. This often-repeated claim, which has not been systematically established, is critically examined in this essay. I begin with the distinction between natural kinds and social artifacts, drawing on the philosophy of society to show that necessity claims about law require a fundamental reworking of basic understandings of ontology and epistemology, which legal philosophers have not undertaken. I show law is a poor fit for a priori and a posteriori knowledge. I distinguish between universal application and universal truth, showing the former is sound while the latter is not. I expose the implications that follow from the initial selection of the central case of law, demonstrating that this choice must be justified, and I reveal two ways analytical jurisprudents shield their theories of law from refutation. This analysis raises significant doubts about the claim by analytical jurisprudents that they are identifying necessary, universal truths about the nature of law.
Development of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers for Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) from a partially sequenced transcriptome

Premise of the study: Bromus tectorum (Poaceae) is an annual grass species that is invasive in many areas of the world but most especially in the U.S. Intermountain West. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed for use in investigating the geospatial and ecological diversity of B. tectorum in the Intermountain West to better understand the mechanisms behind its successful invasion. Methods and Results: Normalized cDNA libraries from six diverse B. tectorum individuals were pooled and sequenced using 454 sequencing. Ninety-five SNP assays were developed for use on 96.96 arrays with the Fluidigm EP1 genotyping platform. Verification of the 95 SNPs by genotyping 251 individuals from 12 populations is reported, along with amplification data from four related Bromus species. Conclusions: These SNP markers are polymorphic across populations of B. tectorum, are optimized for high-throughput applications, and may be applicable to other, related Bromus species.
Smooth extensions of feedback motion planners via reference governors

In robotics, it is often practically and theoretically convenient to design motion planners for approximate low-order (e.g., position-or velocity-controlled) robot models first, and then adapt such reference planners to more accurate high-order (e.g., force/torque-controlled) robot models. In this paper, we introduce a novel provably correct approach to extend the applicability of low-order feedback motion planners to high-order robot models, while retaining stability and collision avoidance properties, as well as enforcing additional constraints that are specific to the high-order models. Our smooth extension framework leverages the idea of reference governors to separate the issues of stability and constraint satisfaction, affording a bidirectionally coupled robot-governor system where the robot ensures stability with respect to the governor and the governor enforces state (e.g., collision avoidance) and control (e.g., actuator limits) constraints. We demonstrate example applications of our framework for augmenting path planners and vector field planners to the second-order robot dynamics.
Ethnic and sex differences in E-cigarette use and relation to alcohol use in California adolescents: the California Health Interview Survey

Abstract Objectives E-cigarette use is not only prevalent among adolescents but is growing at an alarming rate. This study sought to determine e-cigarette use prevalence and its relation to alcohol use as a potential gateway drug, and how this may differ by sex and ethnicity in a multi-ethnic sample of California adolescents. Study design Cross-sectional survey. Methods We included data from 1806 adolescents (weighted to 3.0 million) aged 12–17 in the 2014 and 2015 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) cycles. The prevalence of e-cigarette use was calculated within sex and ethnic groups and the prevalence of alcohol use according to e-cigarette use was also examined with sample weighting providing population estimates. Multiple logistic regression models were built to predict the odds of using alcohol from e-cigarette use status adjusted for sociodemographic and other characteristics. Results The prevalence of e-cigarette use was 9.1% (projected to 0.3 million) overall in California adolescents but highest in boys among non-Hispanic Whites (15.1%) and in Asian girls (13.3%). Among e-cigarette users, 61.3% of boys and 71.0% of girls reported using alcohol as well. The logistic regression odds of alcohol use, adjusted for age, ethnicity, body mass index, cigarette smoking status, socioeconomic status, parents' education level, and insurance status among e-cigarettes users (compared with non-users) was 9.2 in girls and 3.1 in boys (both P Conclusion Attention needs to be paid to the high prevalence of e-cigarette smoking as well as its potential as a gateway drug for alcohol drinking in adolescents, especially among girls and Asians.