cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Nonparametric Test of Missing Completely at Random for Incomplete Multivariate Data

Missing data occur in many real world studies. Knowing the type of missing mechanisms is important for adopting appropriate statistical analysis procedure. Many statistical methods assume missing completely at random (MCAR) due to its simplicity. Therefore, it is necessary to test whether this assumption is satisfied before applying those procedures. In the literature, most of the procedures for testing MCAR were developed under normality assumption which is sometimes difficult to justify in practice. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric test of MCAR for incomplete multivariate data which does not require distributional assumptions. The proposed test is carried out by comparing the distributions of the observed data across different missing-pattern groups. We prove that the proposed test is consistent against any distributional differences in the observed data. Simulation shows that the proposed procedure has the Type I error well controlled at the nominal level for testing MCAR and also has good power against a variety of non-MCAR alternatives.
Frequency Measurement of Far-Infrared Laser Emissions Generated by C-13 Methanol Isotopologues

The C-13 methanol isotopologues 13CH3OH, 13CD3OD, and 13CHD2OH have individually served as the laser medium for an optically pumped molecular laser system used to generate far-infrared radiation. Once detected the frequencies of these laser emissions were measured using a heterodyne technique to a one-sigma fractional uncertainty no less than ± 5 parts in 107. In total, 60 far-infrared laser frequencies, ranging from 0.355 to 2.817 THz, have been measured for the first time. One of these laser emissions was discovered during this investigation and is reported with its polarization with respect to the CO2 pump laser, output power, and optimal operating pressure. In several cases, these measured laser frequencies are in excellent agreement with the calculated values, as determined through combination-loop relations, further confirming the proposed spectroscopic assignments.
The effects of colcemid inhibition and reversal on the fine structure of the mitotic apparatus of Chinese hamster cells in vitro.

Electron microscope studies of Chinese hamster cells treated with Colcemid at a concentration sufficient to prevent mitosis (0.06 μg/ml) demonstrated that this alkaloid does not completely prevent the formation of certain elements of the mitotic apparatus. Instead, an aberrant apparatus formed whose organization appeared to be dictated by the position of the centrioles. The latter components assumed a position near the cell center, and the remaining structures (microtubules, chromosomes, and other organelles) became radially distributed around them. When Colcemid was removed from the culture medium, the entire cell population completed mitosis synchronously within 30–45 minutes. However, a complete mitotic apparatus formed only after the centrioles had migrated to opposite ends of the cells. The present study describes the ultrastructure of cells during Colcemid inhibition and at various stages during reversal. Normal cell division and the equidistribution of genetic material into two daughter cells appeared to be greatly dependent upon centriole behavior during the initial stages of mitosis. It is proposed that Colcemid inhibits mitosis by preventing the formation of certain elements of the mitotic apparatus (perhaps the assembly of continuous spindle filaments) necessary for centriole movement.
Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen for Host Factors That Modulate Intracellular Salmonella Growth

Salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen of humans that can proliferate within epithelial cells as well as professional phagocytes of the immune system. While much has been learned about the microbial genes that influence the infectious process through decades of intensive research, relatively little is known about the host factors that affect infection. We performed a genome-wide siRNA screen to identify host genes that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) utilizes to facilitate growth within human epithelial cells. In this screen, with siRNAs targeting every predicted gene in the human genome, we identified 252 new human-host-susceptibility factors (HSFs) for S. typhimurium. We also identified 39 genes whose silencing results in increased intracellular growth of S. typhimurium. The HSFs identified are regulated most centrally by NFκB and associate with each other through an extremely dense network of interactions that center around a group of kinases. Most genes identified were not previously appreciated as playing roles in the intracellular lifecycle of S. enterica. Numerous HSFs identified with interesting characteristics that could play plausible roles in mediating intracellular microbial growth are discussed. Importantly, this study reveals significant overlap between the host network that supports S. typhimurium growth within human epithelial cells and the one that promotes the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within human macrophages. In addition to providing much new information about the molecular mechanisms underlying S. enterica-host cell interplay, all 252 HSFs identified are candidates for new anti-microbial targets for controlling S. enterica infections, and some may provide broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity.
Sound spectra in an aerated agitated tank

Etude de la mecanique des fluides et de la nature acoustiques de la dispersion du gaz dans des cuves agitees en enregistrant les spectres de son au moyen d'hydrophones et la coherence entre hydrophones. Les spectres sonores sont relies aux conditions hydrodynamiques de l'agitateur et du distributeur de gaz; ils sont relies en particulier directement a la structure de cavite 3-3, a l'engorgement de l'agitateur et a la mauvaise distribution du distributeur de gaz
The evidence for immediate loading of implants.

Many clinicians today recommend implant therapy for patients requiring tooth replacement. This therapy can provide a highly successful restoration of both function and esthetics. As such, more and more dentists are providing restorations and patients are demanding these restorations. Along with such an increase in procedures comes a desire to simplify the experience in regard to many aspects including the time involved from starting the restoration to finishing the procedure. The shortest amount of time involved would be to place the restoration on the implant immediately after the surgical placement of the implant, a procedure called immediate restoration and/or loading. While immediate loading has been discussed in the literature and papers report on this technique, this procedure has not gained widespread acceptance. To understand the possibilities of immediate loading, one must take a careful look at the implant procedure from a historical perspective, from a biological perspective, and from a prospective of the available literature on the topic. This is the focus of this report. One confounding area when discussing immediate loading or any loading protocols is how various terms are defined. Different investigators define certain terms different ways and this can change the interpretation of the results of studies. An example is how Bimmediate loading[ is defined or even the term Bloaded.[ Some investigators suggest that placing an implant into bone and submerging it below the soft tissues results in loading of the implant. The rationale is that flexture of the jawbone upon opening and closing and during chewing exerts forces on the implant and thus Bloading[ the implant. Others would suggest that an implant is loaded when it becomes visible in the oral cavity. This would occur when a nonsubmerged implant is used or when a submerged implant’s closure screw becomes exposed through the soft tissue. The rationale here is that tongue movements, cheek pressure, and food could impact the top of the implant therefore placing a Bload[ onto the implant. Other individuals would suggest that the implant is not Bloaded[ until a temporary restoration or implant component of some shape is placed onto the implant and is in the oral cavity but is not in occlusion with the opposing dentition. Again the rationale in these cases would be tongue and cheek movements and food that would contact the temporary restoration and the opposing dentition. Last, other investigators and authors define Bloading[ as when the implant restoration is in direct contact with the opposing dentition. This is usually confirmed in centric occlusionwith colored occlusal marking paper or shim stock. This is a more objective measure of loading and the term that will be used in this report for the loading of an implant restoration.
Hornblendes from Some Basic Hornfelses in the New England Region, New South Wales

With progressive increase in grade of contact metamorphism, aluminous hornblendes in some New England basic hornfelses change from a pale blue-green variety with ragged actinolitic habit, to a deeper bluish-green variety, then to a deeply coloured brownish type with granular habit. At all stages the coexisting plagioclase is appreciably calcic. No outer aureole of albite-epidote-actinolite hornfels has been recognized. The higher grade hornblendes are richer in alkalis and titanium, and poorer in octahedrally co-ordinated aluminium than those formed at low grades. Two analysed hornblendes display an unusual excess of calcium, which occupies the Y site, and another has a very high content of ferrous iron and potassium.
The presence of exponentiality in entropy maximized M/Gl/1 queues

Abstract It is known that entropy maximized M/GI/1 queues yield queue length distributions that are geometric when the constraints involve only the first two moments of the service time distribution. By proving that geometric queue length is equivalent to exponential service in M/GI/1 queues, we show that using the entropy maximization procedure with only two service time moments is equivalent to using exponentially distributed service times. Thus, by identifying the parameter of the equivalent service time distribution, we can compute such entropy maximized solutions via classical M/M/1 theory. In case an additional constraint is used to preserve the probability of an empty queue, the service time distribution becomes a mixture of two distributions, one of which is exponential and the other an impulse function of unit mass at the origin. In this case, except for the probability of an empty queue, the remaining queue length probabilities follow a geometric sequence. In either case, our results demonstrate the presence of exponentiality in the service times of such entropy maximized M/GI/1 queues.
A dataset of open-source Android applications

Android has grown to be the world's most popular mobile platform with apps that are capable of doing everything from checking sports scores to purchasing stocks. In order to assist researchers and developers in better understanding the development process as well as the current state of the apps themselves, we present a large dataset of analyzed open-source Android applications and provide a brief analysis of the data, demonstrating potential usefulness. This dataset contains 1,179 applications, including 4,416 different versions of these apps and 435,680 total commits. Furthermore, for each app we include the analytical results obtained from several static analysis tools including Androguard, Sonar, and Stowaway.In order to better support the community in conducting research on the security characteristics of the apps, our large analytical dataset comes with the detailed information including various versions of AndroidManifest.xml files and synthesized information such as permissions, intents, and minimum SDK. We collected 13,036 commits of the manifest files and recorded over 69,707 total permissions used. The results and a brief set of analytics are presented on our website: http://androsec.rit.edu.
Temporal and Spatial Variation in a Parasitoid Community Associated with the Herbivores That Feed on Missouri Quercus

Abstract To determine whether the probability of parasitoid attack differed across years, seasons, sites, host plant species, and herbivore feeding modes, leaf-chewing insects (Lepidoptera) that feed on Quercus alba L. and Q. velutina Lam. were collected four times in the Missouri Ozarks (May, June, July, and August–September) in each of the years 1993–1995 and reared in the laboratory. Parasitism rates at a given census were relatively constant from year to year and decreased as the season progressed from May to September: 30% of the herbivores collected in May were parasitized, whereas <15% were attacked in the summer and fall. Similarly, parasitism rates were predictable based on host plant (higher on Q. velutina than on Q. alba) and feeding guild (higher for leaf miners than for external feeders, leaf tiers and leaf webbers, in the summer and fall). Leaf rollers encountered in May had the highest probability of being parasitized. There was also significant variation in parasitism rates among sites. Co...
Effect of Membrane Properties on Dynamic Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Understanding the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical to the water management in the fuel cell system. Low-humidity operating conditions present a complex interaction between dynamic behavior and water transport owing to different time scales of water transport mechanisms in the transient process. Toward understanding the effects of membrane properties on the dynamic behavior, this paper presents numerical simulations for a single channel PEM fuel cell undergoing changes in load, by subjecting the unit cell to step change in current. The objective is to elucidate the complex interaction between cell voltage response and water transport dynamics for various membrane properties, where the performance is critically related water content of the membrane. Detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out to show that step increase in current density leads to anode dryout due to electro-osmotic drag, and investigate its dependence on variations in membrane properties.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The cost of being queen: investment across Pogonomyrmex harvester ant gynes that differ in degree of claustrality.

The role of the ant colony largely consists of non-reproductive tasks, such as foraging, tending brood, and defense. However, workers are vitally linked to reproduction through their provisioning of sexual offspring, which are produced annually to mate and initiate new colonies. Gynes (future queens) have size-associated variation in colony founding strategy (claustrality), with each strategy requiring different energetic investments from their natal colony. We compared the per capita production cost required for semi-claustral, facultative, and claustral gynes across four species of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants. We found that the claustral founding strategy is markedly expensive, costing approximately 70% more energy than that of the semi-claustral strategy. Relative to males, claustral gynes also had the largest differential investment and smallest size variation. We applied these investment costs to a model by Brown and Bonhoeffer (2003) that predicts founding strategy based on investment cost and foraging survivorship. The model predicts that non-claustral foundresses must survive the foraging period with a probability of 30–36% in order for a foraging strategy to be selectively favored. These results highlight the importance of incorporating resource investment at the colony level when investigating the evolution of colony founding strategies in ants.
Ammonia loss from simulated post-collection storage of scraped and flushed dairy-cattle manure

A series of laboratory scale studies were conducted, over a period of 23 d, to evaluate NH3 losses from simulated storages of scraped manure and flushed manure on the basis of similar: (i) exposed-surface-area to volume ratio (ESAVR), and (ii) exposed-surface-area (ESA). Based on similar ESA; NH3 flux during the 23-d study period from the storage of scraped manure ranged from 2.7 to 1.4 g m−2 d−1 compared to a range of 2.2 to 1.8 g m−2 d−1 from storage of flushed manure. This resulted in significantly higher total NH3 loss from the storage of scraped manure (2034 ± 107 mg) compared to that from the storage of flushed manure (1739 ± 53 mg). Ammonia flux ranging from 5.9 to 2.4 g m−2 d−1 was observed from the storage of scraped manure with similar ESAVR to that of the flushed manure storage. In the latter case, however, the total NH3 losses from either type of storage were not significantly different. The mean cumulative NH3 lost from the simulated storages of flushed manure was 1739 ± 53 mg, while the mean loss from the simulated storages of scraped manure was 1752 ± 56 mg. The results from this study indicate that for geometric similar post-collection storages (i.e. similar ESA), flushing manure mitigates NH3 emissions more than scraping manure, during post-collection storages: at least within the initial 23-d storage duration simulated in this study. In contrast, however, there was no indication of any advantage of using one system over the other if the post-collection storages were based on similar ESAVRs.
Failure to protect Mice against Endotoxin with Snake Venom

WHEN bacterial exotoxin, endotoxin, or snake venom is injected intravenously into animals, peripheral vascular collapse occurs. Preliminary investigations demonstrated that the administration of sub-lethal doses of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi or brucella endotoxins protected mice against lethal doses of snake venoms (Crotalus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca). Since North and Doery1 have reported that the venom of the Australian tiger snake (Notechis scutatus scutatus) protected mice against staphylococcal exotoxin, comparable work was carried out in our laboratory to determine if rattlesnake venom (Bothrops jararaca) would protect Swiss–Webster white mice against E. coli endotoxin, as well as staphylococcal toxin.
A distributed CSMA algorithm for throughput and utility maximization in wireless networks

In multihop wireless networks, designing distributed scheduling algorithms to achieve the maximal throughput is a challenging problem because of the complex interference constraints among different links. Traditional maximal-weight scheduling (MWS), although throughput-optimal, is difficult to implement in distributed networks. On the other hand, a distributed greedy protocol similar to IEEE 802.11 does not guarantee the maximal throughput. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) scheduling algorithm that can achieve the maximal throughput distributively. Some of the major advantages of the algorithm are that it applies to a very general interference model and that it is simple, distributed, and asynchronous. Furthermore, the algorithm is combined with congestion control to achieve the optimal utility and fairness of competing flows. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. Also, the adaptive CSMA scheduling is a modular MAC-layer algorithm that can be combined with various protocols in the transport layer and network layer. Finally, the paper explores some implementation issues in the setting of 802.11 networks.
‘Industrial demonopolization and competition policy in Poland and Hungary’: a comment‘

Protestations that ‘neither neoclassical economics nor Western experience offers clear guidelines concerning optimal competition policies towards state-owned firms in a transition economy’ are overly pessimistic. Both sources suggest the importance of attacking barriers to entry into markets, especially when those barriers are associated with vertical integration or exclusive vertical contracts by already dominant enterprises. Beyond this, they demonstrate that different priorities of enforcement are appropriate in transition economies and that competition advocacy is especially important in this context.
Origins of intestinal ABCA1-mediated HDL-cholesterol

The origins of cholesterol utilized by intestinal ABCA1 were investigated in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Influx of apical membrane cholesterol increases ABCA1 mRNA and mass, resulting in enhanced efflux of HDL-cholesterol. Luminal (micellar) cholesterol and newly synthesized cholesterol are not transported directly to ABCA1 but reach the ABCA1 pool after incorporation into the apical membrane. Depleting the apical or the basolateral membrane of cholesterol by cyclodextrin attenuates the amount of cholesterol transported by ABCA1 without altering ABCA1 expression. Filipin added to the apical side but not the basal side attenuates ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, suggesting that apical membrane “microdomains,” or rafts, supply cholesterol for HDL. Preventing cholesterol esterification increases the amount of cholesterol available for HDL. Ezetimibe, a Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein inhibitor, does not alter ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. U18666A and imipramine, agents that mimic cholesterol trafficking defects of Neimann-Pick type C disease, attenuate cholesterol efflux without altering ABCA1 expression; thus, intestinal NPC1 may facilitate cholesterol movement to ABCA1. ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux is independent of cholesterol synthesis. The results suggest that following incorporation into plasma membrane and rafts of the apical membrane, dietary/biliary and newly synthesized cholesterol contribute to the ABCA1 pool and HDL-cholesterol. NPC1 may have a role in this process.
COMBINING HUMAN DIVERSITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE EDUCATION: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Social work education has not yet formulated an explicit educational framework that combines diversity and oppression, but academicians are examining new approaches (Van Soest, Canon, & Grant, 2000). This article presents a conceptual framework for culturally relevant practice that integrates a human diversity and social justice focus within the context of our program's Human Behavior and Social Environment, or HBSE, courses. We believe this framework effectively synthesizes the ideas of scholars who have preceded us in a manner that consistently supports students as it challenges them to actively engage with topics that can initially make them feel uncomfortable. The overall purpose of our framework is to teach students how to work for social justice goals using a continuum of phased actions.
Evaluating Course-Objective Writing Effectiveness: Applying The Comprehensive Bloom Verb List

This study is a comparative analysis of the objective writing skills of pre-service teachers to determine the efficacy of utilizing a master verb list based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. Students enrolled in a mid-size university were asked to create a set of objectives to measure Bloom’s Taxonomy learning outcomes. One group received a master list of verbs categorized through research appropriately into learning levels. The other group received a variety of lists with conflicting verbs in categories. Students who received the master list were better able than their counterparts to write precise, clear and accurate objectives.
Binary X-ray stars and supernovae of type I

Most of the strong galactic X-ray sources must be low-mass close binary systems, such as Her X-1 and Sco X-1. Two evolutionary scenarios are discussed, both involving type I supernovae that occur when mass-accreting white dwarfs are driven over their mass limit. In one, accepting the correctness of the idea that a neutron star or black hole is the seat of the X-ray emission, the SN occurs before the system is an X-ray source. Another possibility is that the white dwarf is the X-ray source, just prior to its collapse and the ensuing SN.
Association between myosin heavy chain protein isoforms and intramuscular anabolic signaling following resistance exercise in trained men.

Resistance exercise stimulates an increase in muscle protein synthesis regulated by intracellular anabolic signaling molecules in a mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐dependent pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate acute anabolic signaling responses in experienced, resistance‐trained men, and to examine the association between myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition and the magnitude of anabolic signaling. Eight resistance‐trained men (24.9 ± 4.3 years; 91.2 ± 12.4 kg; 176.7 ± 8.0 cm; 13.3 ± 3.9 body fat %) performed a whole body, high‐volume resistance exercise protocol (REX) and a control protocol (CTL) in a balanced, randomized order. Participants were provided a standardized breakfast, recovery drink, and meal during each protocol. Fine needle muscle biopsies were completed at baseline (BL), 2 h (2H) and 6 h post‐exercise (6H). BL biopsies were analyzed for MHC isoform composition. Phosphorylation of proteins specific to the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and MHC mRNA expression was quantified. Phosphorylation of p70S6k was significantly greater in REX compared to CTL at 2H ( P = 0.04). MHC mRNA expression and other targets in the Akt/mTOR pathway were not significantly influenced by REX. The percentage of type IIX isoform was inversely correlated ( P < 0.05) with type I and type IIA MHC mRNA expression ( r = −0.69 to −0.93). Maximal strength was also observed to be inversely correlated ( P < 0.05) with Type I and Type IIA MHC mRNA expression ( r = −0.75 to −0.77) and p70S6k phosphorylation ( r = −0.75). Results indicate that activation of p70S6k occurs within 2‐h following REX in experienced, resistance‐trained men. Further, results also suggest that highly trained, stronger individuals have an attenuated acute anabolic response.
Are roadside pedestrian injury patterns predictable in a densely populated, urban setting?

BACKGROUND: Roadside pedestrian injuries represent a significant portion of trauma team activations, especially at urban trauma centers. Patient demographics and severity of injury vary greatly in this patient population. Herein, we hypothesize that injury patterns may be predictable, especially with respect to age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with roadside pedestrian injuries evaluated at our urban, level one trauma center from January 2006 through December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected from the institutional trauma registry. Age was used as an independent variable and compared with injury type, substance abuse, discharge setting, and mortality. RESULTS: There were 226 roadside pedestrian injuries during the study period. Patients were divided into groups according to age, under 20 y, 21-40 y, 41-65 y, and over 65 y. Head injuries were more prevalent in patients over age 65, 30.4% versus 14.0% (P = 0.05). There was a trend for increasing alcohol use in the younger population. The likelihood of discharge to a rehab facility increased with age, 0%, 11.8%, 38.2%, 50.0%, respectively (P Language: en
On-chip high performance slow wave transmission lines using 3D steps for compact millimeter wave applications

Slow wave coplanar waveguide structures have been designed and implemented with the 3D steps; include alternating high and low impedance sections. The high impedance section is built with a narrow (w1), thin (t1) short (s) line and designed to have line inductance nL; the low impedance section is built with wide (w1), thick (t1) short (s) line and is designed with line capacitance nC, where L and C are the line inductance and capacitance per unit length of the conventional transmission line with given characteristic impedance respectively. The slow wave transmission line structures were achieved through IBM 45nm technology with multi-layer metals. Results for slow wave transmission lines are provided in the paper for design with different characteristics impedances. Results have shown that the inductance per unit length and capacitance per unit length of the line increased at least 40% compared with the conventional slow wave transmission line structure, which means a reduction of 30% wavelength and 50% chip area of a branch line coupler. The slow wave effect can be controlled by using different w1/w2, t1/t2 and s. In addition, detailed design guide to improve the slow wave effect are presented in the paper.
Interactive Web-based tutorials for engineering education

The RAISE (Remote Asynchronous Instruction in Science and Engineering) program at the University of Louisville provides online support for classes. One feature of RAISE is the interactive tutorial. Each tutorial is a series of HTML documents that includes JavaScript to allow for response to student input. A typical tutorial poses a problem to the student, then helps the student solve the problem by providing sequentially more specific hints. Student evaluations of the tutorials have been quite favorable. The framework of the tutorial is such that it works well for a wide variety of applications and disciplines. Development of new tutorials is therefore fast and easy, and requires only a rudimentary knowledge of HTML. This paper describes how the tutorial is constructed and how instructors can adapt it to support their classes.
A Hierarchical Architecture for Computer-Based Message Systems

In this paper we present an overview of an architectural model for large, distributed computer-based message systems. This model specifies 1) the organization of message systems in terms of functional entities; 2) the operation of the system; 3) the protocols and interfaces needed for interprocess communication; 4) the organization of the directory system used to support identification services. General architectural considerations related to the communications protocols for computer-based message systems are presented; these follow the general framework of the ISO model for open system interconnection. The organization and operation of the directory system are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is given to the importance of identification services in international and interconnected message systems.
On the analysis of a non-isothermal model for superconductivity

We analyze a model for non-isothermal superconductivity, derived independently by G. Maugin, and K. Miya and S. A. Zhou. The model is described by a parabolic system based on the Time-Dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equation, the Maxwell equations, and an energy equation such that the Clausius–Duhem inequality holds. The principal unknown fields are the complex valued Ginzburg–Landau order parameter . Earlier analytic work investigating electro-dynamic effects in superconductivity centered on an isothermal model consisting of the TDGL equation and Maxwell equations. This setting takes into account just electro-magnetic effects and produces markedly different evolutions.
Opuscula de Rebus Mirabilibus et de Longaevis

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2010 Pages: 94 Publisher: De Gruyter ISBN: 978-3-11-024597-4 (hard cover).
Dynamics of domains and walls in soft magnetic films

General equations are derived to describe the simultaneous nonuniform planar rotations of the magnetization vector and displacements of curved domain walls and their junctions in soft magnetic films. These equations take into account effects of exchange stiffness, magnetic anisotropy, external and either long- or short-range demagnetizing fields, wall energy, and dissipation. The case of a matched film pair using the capacitor or transmission-surface approximation for its short-range demagnetizing energy is considered. The theory is founded on energy and dissipation functionals including domain and wall terms. The constraint of wall-normal magnetization continuity across a domain wall is handled by a method of implementing d'Alembert's virtual work principle without introducing Lagrange multipliers. The result is a set of coupled equations expressing the dynamic torque balance at points inside domains, the wall-domain constraint due to wall-normal magnetization continuity, an additional boundary condition coupling domain magnetization and wall curves, and the wall velocity. >
Modeling of failure probability and statistical design of SRAM array for yield enhancement in nanoscaled CMOS

In this paper, we have analyzed and modeled failure probabilities (access-time failure, read/write failure, and hold failure) of synchronous random-access memory (SRAM) cells due to process-parameter variations. A method to predict the yield of a memory chip based on the cell-failure probability is proposed. A methodology to statistically design the SRAM cell and the memory organization is proposed using the failure-probability and the yield-prediction models. The developed design strategy statistically sizes different transistors of the SRAM cell and optimizes the number of redundant columns to be used in the SRAM array, to minimize the failure probability of a memory chip under area and leakage constraints. The developed method can be used in an early stage of a design cycle to enhance memory yield in nanometer regime.
Violence Against the Press in U.S. History

A travers l'historique des actions violentes menees contre la presse, l'article examine les limites du discours du public dans la «culture de la presse»
SwitchBlade: a platform for rapid deployment of network protocols on programmable hardware

We present SwitchBlade, a platform for rapidly deploying custom protocols on programmable hardware. SwitchBlade uses a pipeline-based design that allows individual hardware modules to be enabled or disabled on the fly, integrates software exception handling, and provides support for forwarding based on custom header fields. SwitchBlade's ease of programmability and wire-speed performance enables rapid prototyping of custom data-plane functions that can be directly deployed in a production network. SwitchBlade integrates common packet-processing functions as hardware modules, enabling different protocols to use these functions without having to resynthesize hardware. SwitchBlade's customizable forwarding engine supports both longest-prefix matching in the packet header and exact matching on a hash value. SwitchBlade's software exceptions can be invoked based on either packet or flow-based rules and updated quickly at runtime, thus making it easy to integrate more flexible forwarding function into the pipeline. SwitchBlade also allows multiple custom data planes to operate in parallel on the same physical hardware, while providing complete isolation for protocols running in parallel. We implemented SwitchBlade using NetFPGA board, but SwitchBlade can be implemented with any FPGA. To demonstrate SwitchBlade's flexibility, we use SwitchBlade to implement and evaluate a variety of custom network protocols: we present instances of IPv4, IPv6, Path Splicing, and an OpenFlow switch, all running in parallel while forwarding packets at line rate.
Context and strain-dependent behavioral response to stress

Background This study posed the question whether strain differences in stress-reactivity lead to differential behavioral responses in two different tests of anxiety. Strain differences in anxiety-measures are known, but strain differences in the behavioral responses to acute prior stress are not well characterized.
Expanding Disposition Theory: Reconsidering Character Liking, Moral Evaluations, and Enjoyment

In an attempt to expand the scope of the disposition theory of drama and to further explore the enjoyment of media entertainment, this article reexamines how viewers form and maintain strong feelings toward media characters. To that end, schema-theory literature is employed to offer possible alternative processes by which these bonds are first formed. Secondly, the article investigates the ways that viewers seek to perpetuate and defend those strong feelings for the sake of enjoyment. Several attitude and perception theories are examined to further inform our understanding of enjoyment. Finally, the article considers the potential implications on the disposition theory of drama and on our understanding of media enjoyment in general.
Overview of US incubators and the case of the Austin Technology Incubator

Business incubators have a 25-year history in the US. Today they number more than 800. Most are non-profit entities, many associated with universities. This article provides a general overview of business incubation in the US and provides a case study of the award-winning Austin Technology Incubator whose companies have generated over $1.4 billion in revenues and created some 3,000 jobs. The authors conclude that business incubators must accomplish five tasks well in order to succeed: (1) establish clear metrics for success; (2) provide entrepreneurial leadership; (3) develop and deliver value- added services to member companies; (4) develop a rational new-company selection process; and (5) ensure that member companies gain access to necessary human and financial resources.
CON LOS OJOS DE ELLAS: PERCEPCIONES DE LA HISTORIA EN COLOMBIA 1920-1950, A PARTIR DE LAS NARRACIONES DE TRES MUJERES NORTEAMERICANAS

The purpose of this essay is to review books written by three North American women who traveled to Colombia between 1920 and 1950 in order to assess their potential value as a source of information for historians of the irst half of the twentieth century. The three authors and their books are: Blair Niles, Colombia: Land of Miracles (New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1939), Virginia Paxton, Penthouse in Bogota (New York: Reynal &amp, Hitchcock, 1943), and Nancy Bell Bates, East of the Andes and West of Nowhere: A Naturalist’s Wife in Colombia) New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1947). After examining the books, the essay concludes that although the authors did not always understand what they observed, they each recorded valuable data that might otherwise have been lost.
Functional characterization of human gingival lymphocytes

Lymphoid cells were isolated from human gingival tissues which were indexed clinically as normal, periodontal inflammation without pocket formation, and periodontitis or inflammation with pocket formation. These isolated gingival inflammatory cells were then assessed for their ability to kill gingival fibroblasts in vitro and to produce lymphotoxin without in vitro stimulation. Lymphocytes isolated from clinically normal gingival tissues showed no cytotoxic activity and did not produce significant amounts of lymphotoxin. Conversely, cells from inflamed tissues with no pocket were cytotoxic at a low level for gingival fibroblasts and produced some lymphotoxin. Cells isolated from periodontitis tissues (inflamed with pocket) showed a greater degree of cytotoxicity for the fibroblasts. and the activity increased with increasing numbers of lymphoid cells. These cells appeared to be very active. since a ratio of one lymphocyte per fibroblast still showed significant killing. In addition, lymphotoxin was elaborated by these periodontitis lymphocytes in culture. These data indicated that a local hyperimmune response was present in chronically inflammed gingiva and that the lymphoid cells were activated and had the potential for tissue destruction.
Enhancement of an anti-tumor immune response by transient blockade of central T cell tolerance

Thymic central tolerance is a critical process that prevents autoimmunity but also presents a challenge to the generation of anti-tumor immune responses. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) eliminate self-reactive T cells by displaying a diverse repertoire of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs) that are also shared by tumors. Therefore, while protecting against autoimmunity, mTECs simultaneously limit the generation of tumor-specific effector T cells by expressing tumor self-antigens. This ectopic expression of TSAs largely depends on autoimmune regulator (Aire), which is expressed in mature mTECs. Thus, therapies to deplete Aire-expressing mTECs represent an attractive strategy to increase the pool of tumor-specific effector T cells. Recent work has implicated the TNF family members RANK and RANK-Ligand (RANKL) in the development of Aire-expressing mTECs. We show that in vivo RANKL blockade selectively and transiently depletes Aire and TSA expression in the thymus to create a window of defective negative selection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RANKL blockade can rescue melanoma-specific T cells from thymic deletion and that persistence of these tumor-specific effector T cells promoted increased host survival in response to tumor challenge. These results indicate that modulating central tolerance through RANKL can alter thymic output and potentially provide therapeutic benefit by enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
Defending Human Rights in the Context of the Catholic Church's Teaching on Politics

The human rights theme is one of the basic topics of politics and political responsibility itself. That's why is very important to make clear the question of the anthropological basis constituting the definition (declaration) and application of human rights legislation. The social teaching of the Catholic Church presents a continuing theological approach of the question, because of its identification of the origin, sense and destination of every human being in God, that is the universal principle of the human nature and the natural law, including the rights resulting from this origin. The human rights claims are constitutively connected with the moral law as far as the human dignity is the both condition and motivation for foundation of the human society on the human rights. Pope John Paul II made his pontificate a continuous and intrepid fight for the human dignity of every human being and became a symbol of the consequent demands of the political solutions of the human rights, especially the right for religious freedom as the ontological supposition, and the right for life as the practical origin of the other rights. The question of the life-legislation presents the most contradictive demonstration of the present day culture, presenting itself as a fight between "the culture of death" and "the culture of life". The politics cannot solve this problem, but there's no solution of it without a consistent contribution on the political level.
Off-Cycle Exhaust Emissions from Modern Passenger Cars with Properly-Functioning Emissions Controls

Real-world tailpipe emissions from properly-functioning, model year 1991--94 conventional gasoline-fueled cars associated with vehicle operations not emphasized in the FTP are analyzed. Tailpipe emissions are expressed as the product of three factors: fuel rate, engine-out emissions index, and catalyst pass fraction, which are modeled using empirical data from the FTP-Revision Project and applied to in-use driving survey data to estimate real-world emissions. Average tailpipe emissions due to fuel enrichment in warmed-up vehicles are estimated to be 8 g/mile for CO, and 0.3 g/mile for HC. For NO{sub x}, the contribution due to incremental loads on the engine (i.e. air conditioner, grade, high acceleration, and high speed) that are not accounted for in the FTP but are encountered in real-world driving are estimated to be roughly 0.3 g/mile.
Ecological studies on Oribatid mites with particular reference to their role as intermediate hosts of Anoplocephalid cestodes.

Results are given of a preliminary survey of the Oribatei of a sheep pasture and a cow pasture at the University of Kentucky Experiment Station Farm with particular reference to the distribution of two known intermediate hosts of the sheep tapeworm, Moniezia expansa , namely, Galumna virginiensis Jacot and Scheloribates laevigatus (Koch). Samples of vegetation, litter and mineral soil were taken at 7 a.m., 1 p.m., and 5 p.m. from both pastures over a period of 2 months during the summer of 1960. The two pasture communities showed differences in structure. G. virginiensis and S. laevigatus were the dominant species in sheep pasture; Phenopelops n.sp. was the dominant form in cow pasture. Vertical distribution of oribatid mites showed a similar pattern in both pastures in that the greatest accumulation occurred in the surface litter with a smaller, but substantial, percentage in the pasture vegetation. G. virginiensis was the most common species in sheep pasture vegetation, representing 40% to 55% of the total number of Oribatei throughout the day. There is no evidence to indicate that numbers of this species decreased markedly in the vegetation during the day. S. laevigatus was commonly found in sheep pasture vegetation during the early morning but lower numbers were recovered later in the day. A possible measure previously suggested by a Polish worker to control the incidence or M. expansa in sheep, by restricting grazing periods to times of the day when potential oribatid hosts are in low densities in vegetation, is not applicable to the present situation because G. virginiensis remains at a relatively high density in sheep pasture vegetation throughout the day.
Direct observation of a carbene-alcohol ylide.

Carboethoxycarbene reacts with methanol-OD to form an ylide. The formation and decay of this ylide was monitored by ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. The formation and decay of the ylide is linearly dependent on the concentration of methanol-OD in acetonitrile with second-order rate constants of ylide formation (8.4 × 109 M−1 s−1) and decay (1.4 × 109 M−1 s−1). Similar results were obtained with 1-butanol.
Steroid compounds resulting from incubation of cortisone with surviving liver slices.

Summary1. Liver slices were incubated in a physiologic, buffered medium containing cortisone. Following incubation, the steroid fraction was recovered and the individual steroids isolated by paper chromatography. 2. Under the conditions of this experiment, 3 steroids were isolated on the paper chromatogram. The compound of greatest mobility and obtained in largest amount was cortisone, unaltered by incubation. The product of intermediate mobility was identified as Compound F. The least mobile compound was not identified. 3. On the basis of observations in the literature and the experimental data reported here, it is suggested that the metabolic activity of cortisone may actually be dependent on its conversion to Compound
Influence of Lowered Barometric Pressure on the Electroencephalogram.

SummaryExperiments on unanesthetized rats show that rapid lowering of the barometric pressure to 130 mm Hg in 100% oxygen is not accompanied by any changes in the EEG although cortical potentials a...
Temporal variations of streamflow in a mid-latitude Eurasian steppe watershed in the past half century

Previous studies either did not identify abrupt change or identified such change but did not exclude it from the detection of trend in streamflow. As a result, an overall downward trend might be erroneously detected as an upward trend because of abrupt increase, while an overall upward trend could be faked as a downward trend due to abrupt decrease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) present a methodology to analyze trend in streamflow in the presence of abrupt change; and (2) use this methodology to detect trend and extreme occurrence of streamflow in the Upper Balagaer River watershed, a mid-latitude nearly pristine precipitation-fed Eurasian steppe watershed in north China. The results indicate that streamflow abruptly decreased around 1994 and exhibited no significant trend from 1960 to 1993 but a significant decrease trend since 1994 (in particular after 1999). In addition, the occurrence of days with a low streamflow was greater after 1994, whereas the occurrence of days with a high streamflow was smaller. Further, the inclusion of the abrupt change in the analysis could compound the detection of the pre-1994 trends but had minimal influences on the detection of the post-1994 trends. These results can be representative across the Eurasian steppe region beyond the study watershed.