cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte responses in patients with total hip arthroplasty.

How lymphocyte-mediated metal sensitivity affects orthopaedic implant performance remains poorly understood. Do patients with implants exhibit elevated lymphocyte reactivity to metals and is this reactivity more generalized or more implant-alloy specific? We investigated these questions by measuring lymphocyte responses to implant metals (Cr(+3), Co(+2), Ni(+2) at 0.1mM, and Ti(+4) at 0.001 mM) in six subject groups: Group 1a=young controls, Group 1b=age matched controls, Group 2a=subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) and no history of metal sensitivity, Group 2b=OA subjects with history of metal sensitivity, Group 3a=total hip arthroplasty (THA) subjects with no to mild radiographic osteolysis, and Group 3b=THA subjects with moderate osteolysis. Lymphocyte proliferation, using Lymphocyte Transformation Testing (LTT), and cytokine release provided quantitative reactivity measurement, where a stimulation index of >2 indicated metal sensitivity. OA subjects with a history of metal sensitivity (Group 2b) were more metal reactive to Ni than any other group, as expected (66% incidence and Stimulation Index >20). However, THA subjects (Groups 3a and b) were >3 fold more reactive to Cr (p two-fold (p<0.05) increases in soluble interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in response to Cr challenge. This elevated incidence and averaged level of lymphocyte reactivity supports a metal-specific adaptive immune response and suggests involvement in the pathogenesis of poor implant performance, e.g. aseptic osteolysis.
Intravitreal ganciclovir salvage therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS: AIDS clinical trials group protocol 085

Abstract Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of ganciclovir for active cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients who are intolerant of systemic ganciclovir therapy. Methods: An open-labeled trial of intravitreal ganciclovir induction and maintenance therapy was conducted in outpatient clinics of five AIDS Clinical Trials Units. Sixteen eyes of 11 patients were treated; 11 eyes of eight patients were included in the analysis. Patients were treated with a series of two intravitreal injections per week for the first 3 weeks (induction period), followed by one injection per week until an endpoint was reached or for a total of 24 weeks. Each injection contained 200 μg ganciclovir in a total volume of 0.1 mL, administered through a 30-gauge needle. The primary endpoint measures were the time to retinitis progression as evidenced by the development of a new lesion or progression by more than 750 μm of a preexisting lesion, and progression of CMV as evidenced by development of active disease in the untreated eye or at an extraocular site. Other outcome measures were changes in visual acuity and adverse events related to the intravitreal injections. Results: All of the treated eyes responded to induction therapy, and three eyes were successfully reinduced a total of four times. Median time to retinitis progression was 8.9 weeks (range, 6–20 wk). Cytomegalovirus disease of the untreated fellow eye or at an extraocular site occurred in four of seven patients (57%) for whom adequate follow-up data exist, at a mean of 11.7 weeks of study. Intravitreal injections were well-tolerated, and all complications were transient and reversible. Conclusions: Intravitreal ganciclovir therapy is effective for the treatment of active CMV retinitis, with median times to retinitis progression comparable to those achieved with systemic therapy, and may be administered with minimal complications. However, the frequent occurrence of CMV disease in the untreated fellow eye and at extraocular sites suggests that when used as sole therapy, intravitreal treatment should be given for short periods of time, when systemic therapy is not possible.
Recent Advances in the Epidemiology of Alcoholic Pancreatitis

Clinical observation has defined the medical profile of alcoholic pancreatitis, but its low incidence and prevalence has limited characterizing the disease at a population level, the contribution of environmental exposures, and a clear picture of its natural history. Recent studies have defined the impact of alcohol use and smoking on disease risk, and a threshold for alcohol consumption has been identified. Recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis have been linked with continued alcohol consumption, and aggressive alcohol intervention has been shown to decrease recurrence. Progression from alcoholic acute pancreatitis to chronic pancreatitis is now believed to occur infrequently, and factors associated with progression have been identified. Alcoholic pancreatitis reduces lifespan in these patients, and the economic impact of pancreatitis is substantial. Efforts are needed to increase awareness of the impact of alcohol consumption and smoking on risk for pancreatitis and the benefits of cessation for primary and secondary prevention.
Implementation of just-in-time methodology in a small company

Abstract This paper describes the implementation of JIT in a small manufacturing company and the benefits that resulted for the company's operations. Preliminary analysis identified various problems in the existing manufacturing operations. The pre-implementation and post-implementation conditions of the company arc detailed. The achievements of the JIT implementation included a reduction in material traversing, reduced lead limes and inventories leading to an overall reduction in the cost of manufacturing. A smooth flow of material from the raw material stage to the finished product stage was established. Three separate product lines were combined into a flexible manufacturing assembly line. With the adoption of a holistic approach to JIT implementation, it was found that even a small company can make significant strides towards world class manufacturing status. The experience gained by the company can encourage and benefit other small companies to embrace the JIT approach.
SEARCH FOR LOW-ENERGY CONFORMATIONS OF A NEUROTOXIC PROTEIN BY MEANS OF PREDICTIVE RULES, TESTS FOR HARD-SPHERE OVERLAPS, AND ENERGY MINIMIZATION*

A method to obtain models for the three-dimensional structure of the neurotoxin alpha from Naja nigricollis from its amino acid sequence is explored here. Empirical predictive rules were used to estimate the positions of helices, extended structures and bends; advantage was taken of the availability of 14 homologous sequences for the neurotoxins in an attempt to increase the reliability of these predictions. Unassigned residues were allowed to take up several possible conformations determined from the frequencies of occurrence of each type of conformation of that residue in x-ray structures of many proteins. The conformational space of the molecule was explored initially by testing for hard-sphere overlaps and approximate closure of disulfide loops with the aid of a computer; this procedure yielded a limited number of conformations, whose conformational energies were then determined and minimized by optimizing the backbone and side-chain dihedral angles of each residue. Five compact conformations with low energy were found for this neurotoxin. The procedure used here provides an illustration as to how empirical protein algorithms may be used to limit the conformational space, in which energy minimization has to be carried out.
ANOTHER VIEW OF TRUCK LANE RESTRICTIONS

As truck volumes on U.S. highways continue to increase, both elected officials and members of the general public often look to the use of lane restrictions for large trucks as a means to increase operating efficiency and highway safety. In the past, research has offered little evidence that either safety or efficiency is positively affected by widespread use of this practice. Another view of truck lane-use restrictions on high-speed, limited-access facilities is offered. To determine the effects of lane-use restrictions, scenarios that varied traffic characteristics such as volume, grade, percentage of trucks, and the presence of entrance and exit ramps were developed with the VISSIM model. In each scenario traffic along the model freeway segment was monitored to determine the effect of the lane-use restrictions by comparing values of various traffic measures from a model run first without and then again with truck lane restrictions. As in past research efforts, the implementation of truck lane restrictions in a variety of scenarios is shown to have little effect on a number of traditional measures, including average speed, speed differential between cars and large trucks, and level of service. However, further examination of data resulting from the simulation process shows that significant gains in the area of safety and driver comfort may be realized through the reduction of lane-changing maneuvers by all vehicle types, lending support to past driver surveys indicating strong support for this practice among drivers of passenger vehicles.
22.3: High Performance Full Color Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display with Dual Stacking Structure

A 10.4-inch full color cholesteric liquid crystal display (ChLCD) with high reflectivity and high resolution by dual stacking is demonstrated. This display consists of two cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) panels with the same chirality ChLC but separated by a layer of half-wave plate material allow the reflection of both components of incident circularly polarized light in a single display. Each individual ChLC panel is fabricated by the development of the pixelized vacuum filling (PVF) technique. The reflectivity of our ChLCD is about 26% with 100 ppi resolution and 3-bit color.
Malignant struma ovarii. A case report and review of the literature

Malignant struma ovarii is a rare form of ovarian carcinoma; only 3 cases of its pure papillary type have been reported in the literature. A new case of malignant papillary struma ovarii arising in an asymptomatic 32-year-old woman is presented. Due to its rarity, there has been confusion in the diagnosis and management of malignant struma ovarii. Criteria for the diagnosis of malignant papillary struma ovarii are proposed. Conservative treatment after a complete staging procedure is possible due to the usually benign course and low incidence of metastases of this tumor.
LYING BEHAVIOR AND EVALUATION OF LIES

Five studies investigated lying and evaluation of lies. Study 1 concerned questionnaire data which indicated that educational background, personal morality, and religiousness are related to the eva...
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF TRUST IN MICROFINANCE SUCCESS: IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Trust is the basis of many aspects of microfinance operations and is a critical determinant of microfinance success. Trust governs interactions within borrowing groups, between clients and loan officers and between clients and institutions. To effectively address the many strategic challenges microfinance institutions (MFIs) face, they must design control systems that address low levels of interpersonal and institutional trust in their target populations. By increasing focus on trust, MFIs can significantly improve their financial sustainability and social impact. This paper examines trust and its important role in both existing challenges and effective solutions in the microfinance industry. Informed by prior literature and field experience, a model is developed that can provide an effective foundation for scholars and MFI leaders to better understand and manage for improved microfinance success.
Use of an Aviary to Relieve Depression in Elderly Males

(1997). Use of an Aviary to Relieve Depression in Elderly Males. Anthrozoos: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 32-36.
Evidence for opiate action at the brain receptors for thyrotropin-releasing hormone

The effect of drugs acting on μ-, δ-, χ- and σ-opiate receptors on the binding of [3H-3-MeHis2]thyrotropin releasing hormone ([3H-3-Me]TRH) to rat brain membranes was determined. The drugs used included morphine and naloxone (μ-ligands), N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-Gly-Gly-ψ-(CH2S)-Phe-Leu-OH (ICI 154, 129, δ-ligand), ethylketocyclazocine (ECK, χ-ligand), and N-allylnormetazocine (SKF-10,047, σ-ligand). [3H-Me]TRH bound specifically to brain membranes at a single high-affinity site with a Bmax value of 50 fmol/mg protein and aKd of 5 nM. A concentration of 2 nM of [3H-Me]TRH was used for in vitro interaction studies. The binding of [3H-Me]TRH was unaffected by morphine or naloxone up to and including 1 mM concentration, but was inhibited by ICI 154,129 (IC50, 8 × 10−5 M), EKC (IC50, 3 × 10−4 M), SKF 10,047 (IC50, 1 mM), and TRH (IC50, 2 × 10−7 M). In the presence of an IC25 concentration of ICI 154,129 or EKC, there was a 25% decrease in the Bmax value of [3H-Me]TRH but the apparent dissociation constant,Kd value did not change. The results demonstrate for the first time that ligands acting at the δ- and χ-opiate receptors interact with the brain TRH receptors; δ-receptor ligands have weak interaction and μ-receptor ligands do not interact with brain TRH receptors. These results may help in explaining the observed pharmacological interactions between opiates and TRH. These studies also provide additional evidence for the existence of multiple opiate receptors and may help in the investigations of the roles of TRH and opiate receptors in physiological and pathophysiological functions.
Effects of newt chemical cues on the distribution and foraging behavior of stream macroinvertebrates

Many amphibians possess noxious or toxic substances for self defense. These compounds have been characterized largely as chemical defenses, but may promote ecological and evolutionary processes. The California newt, Taricha torosa, possesses a potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin (TTX), which serves as a chemical defense, chemical cue to conspecifics, and selection pressure that has selected for evolved resistance in a predator. However, the potential effects of TTX upon the broader community and on behavior, in general, have been overlooked. Field assays conducted during the newt breeding season indicate that the macroinvertebrate community responds to adult newt chemical cues by altering foraging behavior. In these assays, significantly fewer macroinvertebrates were found in experimental areas with enclosed newts relative to enclosures with a non-predatory amphibian. Laboratory bioassays showed that dragonfly nymphs (Anax junius) reduced predatory behavior and moved less in the presence of adult newt chemical cues. When exposed to TTX, nymph mean angular velocities were reduced four fold and mean velocity magnitude was reduced threefold relative to controls. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that chemical stimuli from predators, and TTX specifically, can shape species interactions at lower trophic levels and potentially affect community organization.
Negative chronotropic action of cyclic AMP on the fetal rat heart in organ culture.

Abstract Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP in a DMSO medium were administered to the fetal rat heart in organ culture. Changes in heart rate were observed. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP in concentrations of 5 × 10−5M and 1 × 10−4M produced significant negative chronotropism. At a concentration of 1 × 10−3M, cyclic AMP in a 3% or 0.5% DMSO medium produced significant negative chronotropism. These data were compared with other studies. The negative chronotropic action of cyclic AMP and its dibutyryl derivative are evidence against the involvement of cyclic AMP in positive cardiac chronotropism.
The relationship between the area of peripherally-derived pressure volume loops and systemic vascular resistance

Arterial and photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveforms have been utilized to non-invasively estimate stroke volume from the pulse contour. The ability of these pulse contour devices to accurately predict stroke volume is degraded when afterload changes significantly. There is a need for a non-invasive device capable of identifying when vascular tone has changed. Shelley et al. previously described a qualitative relationship between peripheral pressure volume (PV) loops (in which pressure waveforms from an intra-arterial catheter are combined with volume waveforms from the PPG waveform) and changes in vascular tone. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare changes in the area of peripheral PV loops with changes in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in a patient population undergoing major surgery. Physiologic data from ten patients undergoing liver transplantation was extracted from a hemodynamic database. A peak detection algorithm was applied to both the arterial and PPG waveforms, which were manually aligned so that the troughs occurred at identical time points. PV loop area (PVA) for each heartbeat was calculated and median PVA was recorded for each minute. PVA for each patient was indexed to the average value for the first 5 min (because PPG amplitude has no standard and is not comparable between patients) and compared to indexed SVR at all points for which SVR was available. SVR and PVA were plotted as a function of time and outliers (3.1 %) removed. The Pearson correlation coefficient describing the relationship between PVAi and SVRi was 0.67 (1,728 min of data, p = 0.0020, sign test over 10 patients) and between MAP and SVR was 0.71. There was no meaningful correlation between ΔSVR and either ΔPVA or ΔMAP (based on minute-to-minute changes). Indexed values of PVA are correlated with indexed values of SVR and may serve as a useful monitor for changes in afterload but in their present form do not offer added value above the measurement of MAP. Incorporation of different (e.g. finger, forehead) and redundant (e.g. bilateral) sites may significantly improve the accuracy of this technique.
Gondwana assembly: The view from Southern Africa and East Gondwana

Abstract Neoproterozoic-Cambrian tectonism in Africa, Antarctica and formerly adjacent parts of East Gondwana records the final assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent. Here we compile recent data regarding the timing and kinematics of tectonism for critical parts of southern Africa and East Gondwana, focusing on the period between ~ 650-500 Ma, and integrate these data into a regional framework in order to investigate aspects of the assembly of this portion of Gondwana. We use this information to address the following questions. What cratons remained coherent continental blocks between Rodinia break-up and Gondwana assembly? What were the configurations of Neoproterozoic-Cambrian oceans that separated these coherent blocks? When did the cratons reassemble into the Gondwana supercontinent? In southern Africa, the apparent continuity of older terranes across the Neoproterozoic Zambezi belt, together with other evidence, suggest that the Congo and Kalahari cratons have been a coherent block since ~ 1.1 Ga. The Khomas/Adamastor ocean did not transect the Congo/ Kalahari block; instead any tectonic connection with the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian collisional plate boundary in the Mozambique belt must have been via shear zones such as the Mwembeshi dislocation, which was active at ~ 550 Ma. Age and structural data from Queen Maud Land in East Antarctica indicate that this area was also linked with the Congo/Kalahari block and remained attached to it during the breakup of Rodinia. A suture must thus separate this block from the main part of the East Antarctic craton and likely represents the southern continuation of the Mozambique Ocean. Accumulating evidence for Neoproterozoic-Cambrian orogenesis (~ 550-520 Ma) in the Lutzow-Holm Bay and Queen Maud Land regions of East Antarctica suggest the postulated continuation of the Mozambique suture zone may lie beneath the ice, where it separates the main part of the East Antarctic craton from the Congo-Kalahari block and contiguous sectors of Queen Maud Lond. There is also increasing evidence for Neoproterozoic-Cambrian tectonism in the Enderby Land and Wilkes Land sectors of East Antarctica, and in formerly adjacent portions of western Australia and India. Although the regional tectonic significance of this activity with regard to Gondwana assembly remains uncertain, its widespread nature is additional evidence that East Gondwana did not remain an entirely coherent, rigid entity since ~ 1.1 Ga. Final assembly of East and West Gondwana occurred in the Cambrian along boundaries that only partially coincide with the Mesozoic continental margins of the southern continents.
An Assessment of Intervention Fidelity in Published Social Work Intervention Research Studies

Objectives:Intervention fidelity is a critical strategy to help advance the usefulness and integrity of social work research. This study assessed the extent to which a selected sample of published social work intervention researchers reported its intervention protocols.Methods:Six core social work journals were reviewed in this analysis. The authors reviewed every scholarly article within each journal published from 2009 through 2013 (N = 1,380). A total of N = 32 (2.3%) published intervention research articles met the inclusion criteria. All N = 32 studies were evaluated using 11 criteria developed by the research team related to assessing the study’s treatment fidelity.Results:The finding suggests that although attention to treatment fidelity in social work research has increased, methodological inconsistencies still remain.Conclusion:Effective social work research of an intended intervention is largely dependent on the intervention’s fidelity. Implications for social work practice and research are disc...
Satisfaction of deDonder and Trautman conditions by radiative solutions of the Einstein field equations

We show that when the Einstein field equations for the gravitational field are modified by imposing the deDonder coordinate conditions these equations can be ‘solved’ in terms of source functions using the retarded Green's function for the d'Alembertian in flat space. The ‘solution’, which becomes an actual solution in the fast-motion approximation, is shown to satisfy the deDonder conditions if and only if the stress-energy tensor of the sources of the gravitational field is covariantly conserved. It is also shown to satisfy the Trautman outgoing radiation condition.
X-ray Scattering Studies of Irreversibly Adsorbed Bismuth on the Pt(111) Electrode Surface

The surface electrochemistry of irreversibly adsorbed bismuth (Biir) on the Pt(111) electrode in 0.1 M HClO4 has been studied by in situ surface X-ray scattering to correlate the atomic structure with the voltammetric features. Biir saturates at a coverage of ∼one-third of a monolayer and forms a disordered structure on the Pt(111) surface with some evidence that the Biir is mobile. If the Biir coverage is slightly increased, then there is a reduction in the charge under the reversible peaks in the cyclic voltammetry at a potential of ∼0.68 V (vs Pd/H2). The charge under the reversible peaks is most likely associated with the adsorption of oxygenated species at platinum sites adjacent to Biir atoms. Saturation of the electrolyte with CO and subsequent potential cycling leads to displacement of Biir from the surface and the appearance of an X-ray diffraction pattern due to a p(2 × 2)-3CO adlayer that has previously been observed on the unmodified Pt(111) electrode.
Hedgehog signaling pathway function conserved in Tribolium segmentation.

In Drosophila, maintenance of parasegmental boundaries and formation of segmental grooves depend on interactions between segment polarity genes. Wingless and Engrailed appear to have similar roles in both short and long germ segmentation, but relatively little is known about the extent to which Hedgehog signaling is conserved. In a companion study to the Tribolium genome project, we analyzed the expression and function of hedgehog, smoothened, patched, and cubitus interruptus orthologs during segmentation in Tribolium. Their expression was largely conserved between Drosophila and Tribolium. Parental RNAi analysis of positive regulators of the pathway (Tc-hh, Tc-smo, or Tc-ci) resulted in small spherical cuticles with little or no evidence of segmental grooves. Segmental Engrailed expression in these embryos was initiated but not maintained. Wingless-independent Engrailed expression in the CNS was maintained and became highly compacted during germ band retraction, providing evidence that derivatives from every segment were present in these small spherical embryos. On the other hand, RNAi analysis of a negative regulator (Tc-ptc) resulted in embryos with ectopic segmental grooves visible during germband elongation but not discernible in the first instar larval cuticles. These transient grooves formed adjacent to Engrailed expressing cells that encircled wider than normal wg domains in the Tc-ptc RNAi embryos. These results suggest that the en–wg–hh gene circuit is functionally conserved in the maintenance of segmental boundaries during germ band retraction and groove formation in Tribolium and that the segment polarity genes form a robust genetic regulatory module in the segmentation of this short germ insect.
Automated Bilateral Multiple-issue Negotiation with No Information About Opponent

In this paper, we investigate offer generation methods for automated negotiation on multiple issues with no information about the opponent's utility function. In existing negotiation literature, it is usually assumed that an agent has full information or probabilistic beliefs about the other agent's utility function. However, it is usually not possible for agents to have complete information about the other agent's preference or accurate probability distributions. We prove that using an alternating projection strategy, it is possible to reach an agreement in general automated multi-attribute negotiation, where the agents have nonlinear utility functions and no information about the utility function of the other agent. We also prove that rational agents do not have any incentive to deviate from the proposed strategy. We further present simulation results to demonstrate that the solution obtained from our protocol is quite close to the Nash bargaining solution.
Influence of Duration of Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Early Atherosclerotic Vascular Changes in Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) provides a mechanism for detecting early atherosclerosis. Little information is available concerning carotid IMT and the progression of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: We sought to determine the factors that contribute to early changes in carotid IMT in youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify any predictors of increased carotid IMT. Methods: Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory data and carotid imaging were obtained in 129 youth of mixed ethnicity, ages 10–23 yr. Associations of carotid IMT outcomes and risk variables were analyzed by regression analysis. Logistic regression was performed to elucidate independent determinants that predict a worse carotid IMT. Results: Carotid IMT increased with higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and longer duration of diabetes. Regression modeling showed that HbA1c and duration of diabetes in the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk f...
The synthesis of glycine conjugated 3-oxo-bile acids

Abstract The glycine conjugates of the 3-oxo-derivatives of lithocholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxy-cholic and cholic acids have been synthesized from their respective parent bile acid using established procedures. The reaction sequence involved oxidation using either chromic acid or silver carbonate —Celite followed by a conjugation step employing the peptide coupling reagent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. The final products were obtained in both high yield and purity for use as reference compounds in the analysis of conjugated bile acids in bile and faecal samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of the prepared 3-oxo-glycobile acids by fast atom bombardment negative ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy is also discussed along with the thin-layer chromatographic properties.
Regulatory statutes and issues--clinical accountability in perioperative settings.

Nursing regulations exist to protect and benefit the health, safety, and welfare of the individual. Accountability is a multifaceted concept with many interpretations. All nurses are expected to engage in professional role activities appropriate to their education, experience, and position. Ultimately, nurses are accountable to themselves, their patients, and their peers for their professional nursing actions. This article addresses regulatory statutes and other issues of importance in the perioperative setting, including ethical and legal considerations, patient advocacy, delegation of tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel, and selected expanded roles in perioperative nursing practice. AORN J 70 (Aug 1999) 241–252.
Connective stability of competitive equilibrium

The purpose of this paper is to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for connective stability of non-linear matrix systems described by the equation [email protected]? = A(t, x) x, where the matrix A(t, x) has time-varying nonlinear elements. The obtained results can be used to study stability of competitive equilibrium in as diverse fields as economics and engineering, model ecosystems and arms races.
Male university attrition: A discriminant analysis

Ability and personality test scores of 256 males, categorized by college persistence seven semesters after matriculation, were subjected to stepwise discriminant analysis. A combination of personality and ability variables distinguished between groups (p<.001); personality variables alone did not. The most powerful discriminator was overall ability. Authoritarianism, natural science ability, and nonconformity also entered into the discrimination. Results indicate: (a) the most able, most autonomous group included those who withdrew; (b) the most authoritarian, those who became seniors; (c) the most nonconforming, those who “continued” without becoming seniors, and (d) the highest in ability to think abstractly and scientifically and to solve problems, the academic dismissals who with difficulty succeeded in gaining reinstatement.
Stenting of the ureterovesical anastomosis in pediatric renal transplantation.

From January 1985 to July 1989, 36 children received a renal transplant at our hospital. Their ages ranged from 2 to 18 years. All patients had a standard neoureterocystostomy according to Lich-Gregoir. In the first 18 patients, no transanastomotic stent was placed. In the latter 18, a transanastomotic stent with or without suprapubic bladder drainage was performed. In the nonstented group, six severe urological complications occurred, two of which eventually resulted in loss of the transplant. In the stented group, only one severe urological complication occurred. No kidneys in this group were lost due to urological complications. The number of urinary tract infections in the nonstented group was the same as in the stented group.
THE RELATION BETWEEN INFESTATION BY THE STALK BORER, BUSSEOLA FUSCA, AND YIELD OF MAIZE IN EAST AFRICA

The relation between yield and infestation by the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca Fuller, is expressed as a series of regression lines for crops of different potential yields. The reasons are given for assuming that the regression is rectilinear, and that the regression coefficient b, or rate of fall in yield, is proportional to the maximum expected yield of the crop, that is that b For the crops examined, the formula for a general regression line of yield, as hundreds of pounds of dry grain per acre, on infestation, as the percentage of plants attacked transformed to angles, is y= 45.1–0.55x for a high-yielding area, and y= 14.55–0.23x for a lower yielding crop. This is equivalent to a 35 lb./acre increase in grain yield for every 1% decrease in infestation for the higher yielding group, and 17 lb. increase per 1% decrease for the lower. The applications of the relationship are discussed, in particular to studies of the economics of control by insecticides, and of the accuracy of methods of sampling infestations.
An analytic typology of disclaimers, excuses and justifications surrounding illness: A situational approach to health and illness

Abstract An analytic typology of disclaimers, excuses and justifications is developed to demonstrate how illness is possible within our everyday social situations. Beginning with the concepts of the ‘disclaimer’ from Hewitt and Stokes, and the ‘exuce’ and ‘justification’ from Scott and Lyman, these concepts are extended and reconceptualized to apply to circumstances where signs and symptoms of illness compromise and disrupt role performance and situational participation. Using a situational perspective on health and illness, the presentation of a disclaimer, excuse or justification is seen as a means of allowing the symptomatic individual to ‘drift’ in and out of illness while protecting his and others' social identity, the integrity of the social situation and the individual's health status.
Ingraining Product-Relevant Social Good into Business Processes in Subsistence Marketplaces: The Sustainable Market Orientation

This article uses insights gained from the unique context of subsistence marketplaces, or the base of the pyramid, to put forth a sustainable market orientation for businesses. Using qualitative research and case studies of businesses, ingraining social good in a product-relevant sense is argued to be central and essential for businesses in subsistence contexts to be successful. This analysis is unique in taking a bottom-up in orientation and begins at the microlevel, drawing on psychological and sociological aspects of subsistence marketplaces to derive macrolevel implications.
Small low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle system identification: A survey and categorization

Small low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide greater possibilities for personal scientific research than other conventional platforms such as satellites or manned aircraft. In order to provide precision aerial imagery or other scientific data, an accurate model of vehicle dynamics is needed for controller development and tuning. The purpose of this paper is to provide a survey of current methods and applications of system identification (system ID) for small low-cost UAVs. This survey divides UAVs into 5 groups: helicopter, fixed-wing, multirotor, flapping-wing, and lighter-than-air. The current state of system ID research with respect to various types of UAVs is reviewed based on research literature. System ID methods and application are tabulated for further research. Concluding remarks are given and applications for system ID methods to small low-cost UAVs are recommended.
Strain Crosses Within and Between Lines of Turkeys Selected for High and Low Blood Pressure

Abstract KRISTA et al. (1970) reported marked and parallel responses to selection for high and low blood pressure in three strains of Broad White turkeys. The divergence between the means of the high and low populations averaged 10, 17 and 25% for the first three generations. The pooled regression estimate of heritability for the low line was 37% and for the high line 26%. Similar heritability estimates of 25% and 28% for high and low blood pressure, respectively, were reported for chickens by Sturkie et al. (1959). The progress made in diverging the high and low blood pressure populations of turkey selected from the same base population and the high heritability estimates obtained indicate that there is considerable additive genetic variance associated with the blood pressure trait in the turkey. Because of space limitation and other considerations it was necessary to combine the three high blood pressure lines and the three…
DeSTM: harnessing determinism in STMs for application development

Non-determinism has long been recognized as one of the key challenges which restrict parallel programmer productivity by complicating several phases of application development. While Software Transactional Memory (STM) systems have greatly improved the productivity of programmers developing parallel applications in a host of areas they still exhibit non-deterministic behavior leading to decreased productivity. While determinism in parallel applications which use traditional synchronization primitives (such as locks) has been relatively well studied, its interplay with STMs has not. In this paper we present DeSTM, a deterministic STM, which allows programmers to leverage determinism through the implementation, debugging and testing phases of application development. In this work we first adapt techniques which introduce determinism in applications which use traditional synchronization (such as locks) to work in conjunction with certain STMs. As one would expect, this does lead to performance degradation over a non-deterministic execution. Next we present, DeSTM, which uses novel techniques exploiting the properties of these STMs to dramatically improve the performance of deterministic executions. Further, DeSTM allows programmers to randomly change the deterministic schedule in a controlled fashion giving programmers access to a wide variety of execution schedules during application development. We demonstrate our approach on the STAMP benchmark suite. We first study the overheads that determinism introduces in STM applications and then demonstrate how DeSTM is able to improve performance of deterministic execution significantly, by over 50% in some applications and on average by about 35%. DeSTM also actually helped us detect, what we believe is a bug, in one of the benchmarks. Further, our approach is programmer friendly requiring no changes to application code.
RAP, RAP, open up! New wrinkles for RAP1 in yeast

RAP1 (repressor/activator protein 1) from budding yeast is well known for its involvement in gene activation and repression, telomere structure and function, and replication. Recent studies have examined additional roles for RAP1 in heterochromatin boundary-element formation, creation of hotspots for meiotic recombination, and chromatin opening. These studies provide new insight into the ability of this abundant DNA-binding protein to participate in a diverse array of functions taking place in a chromatin environment.
A resource-efficient and scalable wireless mesh routing protocol

By binding logic addresses to the network topology, routing can be carried out without going through route discovery. This eliminates the initial route discovery latency, saves storage space otherwise needed for routing table, and reduces the communication overhead and energy consumption. In this paper, an adaptive block addressing (ABA) scheme is first introduced for logic address assignment as well as network auto-configuration purpose. The scheme takes into account the actual network topology and thus is fully topology-adaptive. Then a distributed link state (DLS) scheme is further proposed and put on top of the block addressing scheme to improve the quality of routes, in terms of hop count or other routing cost metrics used, robustness, and load balancing. The network topology reflected in logic addresses is used as a guideline to tell towards which direction (rather than next hop) a packet should be relayed. The next hop is derived from each relaying node's local link state table. The routing scheme, named as topology-guided DLS (TDLS) as a whole, scales well with regard to various performance metrics. The ability of TDLS to provide multiple paths also precludes the need for explicit route repair, which is the most complicated part in many wireless routing protocols. While this paper targets low rate wireless mesh personal area networks (LR-WMPANs), including wireless mesh sensor networks (WMSNs), the TDLS itself is a general scheme and can be applied to other non-mobile wireless mesh networks.
Giardia excystation can be induced in vitro in acidic solutions.

MANY vertebrates, including humans, are hosts for the intestinal protozoan parasite, Giardia. This genus has a worldwide distribution1 and in recent years has become an increasingly important public health problem2–14. Human infections may be associated with intestinal discomfort, diarrhoea, and malabsorption syndromes15–17. The life cycle of Giardia is divided into trophozoite and cyst stages. When the cyst is ingested by the host, excystation occurs (trophozoites emerge) and the upper small intestine is colonised. Although research on Giardia excystation began nearly 50 yr ago18,19, conditions for the induction of the process were never defined. We demonstrate here (1) Giardia excystation in acidic solutions, (2) the pattern of trophozoite emergence during excystation, (3) a method for routine in vitro induction of excystation, and (4) the establishment of in vitro axenic cultures from excysted trophozoites.
Extended-bandwidth spacecraft attitude determination using gyros and linear accelerometers

ABSTRACTPresent trends in space vehicles are leading to smaller platforms which present a new set of challenges andrequirements. For instance, because of their smaller inertias, these vehicles are likely to be more sensitive todisturbances and experience higher levels of attitude jitter. This higher frequency motion may be unacceptablefor some scientific instruments and require compensation. Hence, the bandwidth of inertial reference units mayneed to be enhanced if it is desired to control the high-frequency attitude jitter. In the case of line-of-sight typeinstruments, attitude jitter can be mitigated by incorporating a fast steering mirror into the system. To take fulladvantage of these devices, the spacecraft attitude needs to be measured at sufficiently high bandwidth, well beyond what is commonly provided by inertial reference units. Furthermore, due to cost and/or power considerations, it may be desirable to replace conventional gyros with accelerometers or quartz rate sensors, andstar trackers with UPS receivers configured to measure attitude. This paper explores various ways to obtainhigher bandwidth attitude measurements for the purpose of jitter control, and provides a practical solution.Keywords: sensor fusion, gyros, accelerometers, high-bandwidth attitude determination
The Globalization of Environmental Management: Helping Industry Worldwide Advance Toward Sustainable Development

Summary The field of industrial environmental management has evolved rapidly in recent years. Environmental management has shifted its traditional focus from the development of technology to treat and dispose of industrial wastes and effluents to the redesign of industrial processes in order to minimize the initial production of waste. Countries currently in the process of industrializing have a unique opportunity to develop their emerging industries in concert with the modern trend of environmental management. This article examines an environmental management programme created by the Environmental Law Institute in Washington which emphasizes designing environmental management systems which can help companies eliminate waste at source rather than rely on capital-intensive technology to treat waste at the end of the manufacturing process. The programme has been specifically tailored to industry in Mexico. Consequently, the article examines not only those factors influencing environmental management in industrializing countries generally, but also considers the unique factors which could influence the way in which environmental management systems are created and implemented in Mexico.
A comparison of test requirements, methods, and results for seven MCM products

This paper presents seven MCM designs, compares and contrasts the test approaches used in each design, and lists test solutions and recommendations that can be extended to future MCM technology. Important topics covered include design-for-testability, logic simulation, and fault diagnosis. Unique to this discussion are details concerning the refinement of test practices required to support product transition from prototype design to volume manufacturing.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Historical perspectives, current evidence, and future directions

Severe aortic stenosis (AS) results in considerable morbidity and mortality without aortic valve replacement and is expected to increase in prevalence with the aging population. Because AS primarily affects the elderly, many patients with comorbidities are poor candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and may not be referred. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as transformative technology for the management of AS over the past decade. Randomized trials have established the safety and efficacy of TAVR with improved mortality and quality of life compared with medical therapy in inoperable patients, while demonstrating noninferiority and even superiority to SAVR among high-risk operative candidates. However, early studies demonstrated an early penalty of stroke and vascular complications with TAVR as well as increased paravalvular leak as compared with SAVR. Two device platforms have been evaluated and approved for use in the United States: the Edwards SAPIEN and the Medtronic CoreValve. Early studies also suggest cost-effectiveness for TAVR. Ongoing studies are evaluating new iterations of the aforementioned TAVR devices, novel device designs, and applications of TAVR in expanded populations of patients including those with lower risk profiles as well as those with comorbidities that were excluded from early clinical trials. Future improvements in TAVR technology will likely reduce periprocedural and long-term complications. Further studies are needed to confirm device durability over long-term follow-up and explore the applicability of TAVR to broader AS patient populations.
St. John's Wort: A Review of an Herbal Antidepressant:

Hypericum perforatum, more commonly known as St. John's wort, is an herbal product that has been utilized as an antidepressant in Europe for many years. This product has become popular in the United States as an alternative to traditional antidepressants. Due to the fact that St. John's wort is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many questions exist about the safety and efficacy of this product. This article will provide a review of the history, pharmacology, and safety profile of St. John' wort, as well as its efficacy in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Cross-link formation and chemopotentiation of EMT-6/Ro cells exposed to MISO after CCNU treatment in vitro☆

Abstract Experiments were designed to measure cross-link formation following combined treatment of EMT-6/Ro tumor cells with 1(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) and misonidazole (MISO) in vitro . To avoid MISO-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion, which might contribute to enhanced monoadduct formation by reducing the protective GSH pools, a post-incubation (i.e. treatment with CCNU for one hour in air followed by MISO treatment in hypoxia) protocol was adopted. Utilizing this treatment scheme, it was possible to significantly enhance CCNU toxicity by post-treating with MISO immediately after exposure to CCNU. Enhanced cross-link formation detected by alkaline elution, at this time, correlated well with the magnitude of cell-kill enhancement, thereby implicating enhanced cross-link formation in the mechanism of potentiation. However, if the cells were allowed to incubate for various intervals between CCNU and MISO treatments, the magnitude of potentiation progressively diminished. Beyond ∼8–10 hours (corresponding to the time required for maximal cross-link formation after CCNU treatment), treatment with MISO was ineffective at potentiatiog CCNU cytoxicity. These experiments suggest that chemopotentiation can be produced by treating with MISO after treatment with CCNU (post-incubation) and that enhanced cross-link formation is involved in the mechanism of MISO chemopotentiation of CCNU activity. The kinetic studies, using the post-incubation protocol, further suggest that the chemopotentiating effect of MISO is exerted subsequent to monoadduct formation and probably does not involve inhibition of DNA-DNA cross-link repair.