cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of control laws for maneuvered formation flight

This work presents identification, control synthesis and simulation results for an YF-22 aircraft model designed, built, and instrumented at West Virginia University. The goal of the project is the experimental demonstration of formation flight for a set of 3 of the above models. In the planned flight configuration, a pilot on the ground maintains controls of the leader aircraft while a wingman aircraft is required to maintain a pre-defined position and orientation with respect to the leader. The identification of both a linear model and a nonlinear model of the aircraft from flight data is discussed first. Then, the design of the control scheme is presented and discussed. Using the developed nonlinear model, the control laws for a maneuvered flight of the formation are then simulated with Simulink and displayed with the Virtual Reality Toolbox. Simulation studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of specific parameters and the system robustness to atmospheric turbulence. The results of this analysis have allowed the formulation of specific guidelines for the design of the electronic payload for formation flight.
DART1-a possible ideal building block of memory systems

In this paper, a bidirectional associative memory dual adaptive resonance theory 1 (DART1) consisting of two simplified ART1 (SART1) networks, which share the same category layer called the conceptual layer and use only top-down weight matrices, is studied. The DART1 can meet the most important requirement of the neural networks as the memory device, that is, the ability to store arbitrary patterns in networks and retrieve them correctly. Other advantages of this model include the capability of associating one pattern with another arbitrary pattern like the MLP (multilayer perceptron) networks, eliminating the input noise as a nearest-neighbor classifier in terms of the Hamming distance, capable of handling both spatial and temporal patterns, full memory capacity like the ART1 networks, fast construction of weights, easy to update the memory system, and self-organizing ability in response to arbitrary binary patterns. In addition, the DART1 can deal with the 1-to-many and many-to-1 mappings in the domains formed by trained patterns. These features make the DART1 very attractive as the building block of memory system. Therefore, it is possible to build the neural-based database or expert systems, which are the topics of future research. >
MOBILIZATION OF BASOPHILE SUBSTANCE (RIBONUCLEIC ACID) IN THE CYTOPLASM OF LIVER CELLS WITH THE PRODUCTION OF TUMORS BY BUTTER YELLOW

Butter yellow (dimethylaminoazobenzene) causes degenerative changes in liver cells accompanied by chromatolysis of cytoplasmic structures that stain with basic dyes because they contain ribonucleic acid. These changes are profoundly modified by the protein content of the diet. Chromatolysis is succeeded by focal regeneration with reaccumulation of ribonucleic acid in the cytoplasm of liver cells; these foci of basophile hyperplasia have their origin in the parenchyma surrounding portal spaces and consist of cells arranged in columns or as tubules with lumina. Hepatomas arise from foci of basophile hyperplasia and corresponding with the arrangement of cells in these foci may be trabecular or adenomatous. Butter yellow causes new formation of bile ducts which arise chiefly in the immediate neighborhood of secondary portal spaces and produce the precancerous lesion, designated cholangiofibrosis. These bile ducts may accumulate ribonucleic acid in their cytoplasm and undergo hyperplasia. Cholangiomas arise from newly formed bile ducts that are the site of basophile hyperplasia. Changes accompanying chromatolysis and basophile hyperplasia aid in the definition of structural elements of the cytoplasm and in the localization of ribonucleic acid with relation to the mitochondria.
Relevance of PDMS processing techniques used in electricity generating muscle energy converter

This paper details the feasibility of using dielectric elastomer generators to generate an electric charge between electrodes. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples underwent tensile tests to prove that dielectric elastomers strain over one hundred percent under mechanical stress two sets of differently processed. Mechanical strain on the different PDMS samples showed that dielectric elastomers could generate enough energy to power an electrical muscle energy converter (eMEC) for chronic circulatory assist.
Quantum Information Theory

We survey the field of quantum information theory. In particular, we discuss the fundamentals of the field, source coding, quantum error-correcting codes, capacities of quantum channels, measures of entanglement and quantum cryptography.
The Equalization Equivalence of Flat Grants and Foundation Programs: A Further Comment

In a paper by Gilmer and Morgan (1973) in this journal, an attempt was made to demonstrate that within a state's school finance system, flat grants, foundation programs, and equalized apportionment formulas create equivalent fiscal equalizations effects. Talley (1974) challenged this conclusion by demonstrating with Gilmer and Morgan's assumption, that the tax base of the ith school district and the state tax base in the ith school district being identical, it follows that either the state or local school districts are financing 100% of the subsidy programâ€”which is contrary to the definition of at least one of the education subsidy programs considered by Gilmer and Morgan. Talley did not prove that the formulas considered by Gilmer and Morgan were not equivalent, but in being equivalent Gilmer and Morgan no longer had at least one of the following formulasâ€”flat grant formula, foundation program formula, and equalized apportionment formula.
Mathematical modeling in engineering education

The successful outcome of any educational program is highly dependent on how the students learn and how effectively they can function at the workplace after completion of their study. An appropriate delivery system plays a crucial role to understand and learn a subject. Integration of modeling in general and mathematical modeling in particular in engineering education may provide the most suitable delivery system for engineering programs.
Hellenistic reference in the proem of Theocritus, Idyll 22

Theocritus' twenty-second idyll is cast in the form of a hymn to the Dioscuri, who are addressed in the proem as saviours of men, horses, and ships. This opening section of the idyll is modelled loosely on the short thirty-third Homeric hymn, and like that hymn contains an expanded account of the twins' rescue of ships about to be lost in a storm. As is hardly surprising, Theocritus in reworking the Homeric hymn draws on other literary antecedents as well, and like other Alexandrian poets makes prominent use of diction borrowed and adapted from the Homeric epics. At the same time, the proem also shares several points of contact, largely overlooked or disputed by previous scholarship, with the poetry of Theocritus' own contemporaries. In the present paper, I shall suggest that in the storm scene of the proem references to Aratus' Phaenomena and Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica occur in a carefully arranged pattern with potentially significant implications for our understanding of the proem and the idyll as a whole.
Effects of Arkosic Sandstone Diagenesis on Reservoir Rock Properties: ABSTRACT

End_Page 552------------------------------Upper Miocene channel turbidite sandstones of Yowlumne and Rio Viejo fields, southern San Joaquin Valley, California, are clean arkoses buried to depths of 11,000 ft (3,550 m) or more. Petrographic analyses of cored intervals from seven wells show that these medium-grained sandstones have no detrital constituents other than quartz and feldspars (at an approximately 2:1 ratio). The relative abundance of K-feldspar to plagioclase, however, varies among the intervals studied. This variation has given rise to different paths in clay authigenesis, which then control reservoir-rock properties. Nearly all clays, which constitute from a few percent to more than 20% of the rocks, are derived from feldspar alteration. Sandstones with high K-feldspar relative to plagioclase yield clay assemblages dominated by kaolinite, with minor amounts of illite and vermiculite. Those with high plagioclase content yield abundant expandable clays. Chlorite is practically absent in all intervals studied. Besides detrital composition, abundance and mineralogy of the clays are also affected by depth of burial of the rock. Feldspar alteration has resulted in porosities in the range of 14 to 20% and permeabilities up to 200 md at depths of 11,000 to 15,000 ft (3,550 to 4,570 m). In contrast, other reservoirs of different composition in the same area have greatly reduced reservoir properties at the same depths. Knowledge of sandstone composition and diagenesis, therefore, is important to exploration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 553------------
Clinical effectiveness of secondary interventions for restenosis after renal artery stenting.

Objective Secondary interventions for renal artery restenosis (RAS) after renal artery stenting are common, despite limited data about their effectiveness. This study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of endovascular treatment of recurrent RAS. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent renal artery stenting between 2001 and 2011 at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Patients who required secondary interventions were compared with control patients who underwent only primary interventions for RAS. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors associated with successful outcomes, as measured by changes in blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and number of antihypertensive medications required. Results Sixty-five secondary (57 patients) renal interventions were undertaken for recurrent RAS associated with progressive hypertension or renal dysfunction and compared with outcomes after 216 primary (180 patients) renal artery stenting procedures. Patients undergoing primary vs secondary interventions did not differ significantly in the number of preoperative antihypertensive medications used, comorbid conditions, or blood pressure. All primary and secondary interventions were performed with stents and showed no difference in procedural complications. At a mean follow-up of 23 months (range, 1-128 months), similar improvements in renal function and blood pressure were found between patients undergoing primary and secondary interventions, and there was no difference in rates of restenosis or survival between cohorts. Regression models showed that the use of embolic protection devices was associated with improved renal function after primary (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.8; P P P P Conclusions Patients undergoing secondary interventions for recurrent RAS have outcomes that are comparable with those for primary interventions. These data suggest that repeated endovascular procedures for RAS can be undertaken with similar expectations for clinical improvement and may be further improved by routine use of embolic protection devices and statin therapy.
A 183 GHz f/sub T/ and 165 GHz f/sub max/ regrown-emitter DHBT with abrupt InP emitter

Small-area regrown emitter-base junction InP/In-GaAs/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBT) using an abrupt InP emitter are presented for the first time. In a device with emitter-base junction area of 0.7 /spl times/ 8 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, a maximum 183 GHz f/sub T/ and 165 GHz f/sub max/ are exhibited. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported bandwidth for a III-V bipolar transistor utilizing emitter regrowth. The emitter current density is 6/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ at V/sub CE,sat/ = 1.5 V. The small-signal current gain h/sub 21/ = 17, while collector breakdown voltage is near 6 V for the 1500-/spl Aring/-thick collector. The emitter structure, created by nonselective molecular beam epitaxy regrowth, combines a small-area emitter-base junction and a larger-area extrinsic emitter contact, and is similar in structure to that of a SiGe HBT. The higher f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ compared to previously reported devices are achieved by simplified regrowth using an InP emitter and by improvements to the regrowth surface preparation process.
The prognostic value of regadenoson SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with end-stage renal disease

The prognostic value of regadenoson SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has not been specifically studied in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We prospectively followed ESRD patients enrolled in the ASSUAGE and ASSUAGE-CKD trials in which they received regadenoson-stress 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT-MPI. Images were semiquantitatively analyzed by an investigator blinded to clinical and outcome data. Patients were followed for cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and coronary revascularization (CR). Revascularizations occurring >90 days post-MPI were considered “late” events. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression models, adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, and known coronary artery disease. We analyzed 303 patients (mean age 54 years; 64% men), who were followed for 35 ± 10 months. Adjusting for clinical covariates, abnormal regadenoson-stress MPI (SSS ≥ 4) was associated with increased risk of the composite of cardiac death or MI (23.9% vs 14.4%; HR 1.88; CI 1.04-3.41; P = .037) and the composite of cardiac death, MI, or late CR (27.3% vs 16.7%; HR 1.80; CI 1.03-3.14; P = .039). Adjusting for clinical covariates, regadenoson-induced myocardial ischemia (SDS ≥ 2) was associated with increased rate of the composite endpoint of cardiac death, MI, or CR (33.3% vs 16.9%; HR 1.97; CI 1.19-3.27; P = .008). Regadenoson-stress SPECT-MPI provides a significant prognostic value in patients with ESRD. ESRD patients with normal SPECT-MPI have relatively high adverse event rates.
Learning predictive interactions using information gain and Bayesian network scoring

Background The problems of correlation and classification are long-standing in the fields of statistics and machine learning, and techniques have been developed to address these problems. We are now in the era of high-dimensional data, which is data that can concern billions of variables. These data present new challenges. In particular, it is difficult to discover predictive variables, when each variable has little marginal effect. An example concerns Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) datasets, which involve millions of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), where some of the SNPs interact epistatically to affect disease status. Towards determining these interacting SNPs, researchers developed techniques that addressed this specific problem. However, the problem is more general, and so these techniques are applicable to other problems concerning interactions. A difficulty with many of these techniques is that they do not distinguish whether a learned interaction is actually an interaction or whether it involves several variables with strong marginal effects. Methodology/Findings We address this problem using information gain and Bayesian network scoring. First, we identify candidate interactions by determining whether together variables provide more information than they do separately. Then we use Bayesian network scoring to see if a candidate interaction really is a likely model. Our strategy is called MBS-IGain. Using 100 simulated datasets and a real GWAS Alzheimer’s dataset, we investigated the performance of MBS-IGain. Conclusions/Significance When analyzing the simulated datasets, MBS-IGain substantially out-performed nine previous methods at locating interacting predictors, and at identifying interactions exactly. When analyzing the real Alzheimer’s dataset, we obtained new results and results that substantiated previous findings. We conclude that MBS-IGain is highly effective at finding interactions in high-dimensional datasets. This result is significant because we have increasingly abundant high-dimensional data in many domains, and to learn causes and perform prediction/classification using these data, we often must first identify interactions.
Location management in mobile ad hoc wireless networks using quorums and clusters: Research Articles

Position-based reactive routing is a scalable solution for routing in mobile ad hoc networks. The route discovery algorithm in position-based routing can be efficiently implemented only if the source knows the current address of the destination. In this paper, a quorum-based location management scheme is proposed. Location servers are selected using the minimum dominating set (MDS) approach, and are further organized into quorums for location update and location query. When a mobile node moves, it updates its location servers in the update quorum; when a node requests the location information of another node, it will send a query message to the location servers in the query quorum. We propose to use the position-based quorum system, which is easy to construct and guarantees that the update quorums always intersect with the query quorums so that at least one location server in the query quorum is aware of the most recent location of the mobile node. Clusters are introduced for large scale ad hoc networks for scalability. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme provides good scalability when network size increases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapamycin effects on mTOR signaling in the MCF10AT series of human breast epithelial cells: a model for proliferative breast disease and carcinoma

3731 Human proliferative breast disease (PBD) refers to a sequence of progressive morphologic changes, including hyperplasia that occurs in the breast tissue prior to breast cancer development. The MCF10AT cell series of human breast epithelial cell includes the normal MCF10A (10A), premalignant MCF10AT (10AT) and MCF10ATG3B (10ATG3B), and fully malignant MCF10CA1a (10CA1a) cells and serves as a unique model system for development of PBD and carcinoma. The effects of rapamycin on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the MCF10AT cell lineage were examined. Rapamycin (100 nM) inhibited the proliferation of 10A, 10AT, and 10ATG3B cells by 48, 58 and 53%, respectively. In contrast, rapamycin inhibited 10CA1a tumor cell proliferation by only 26%. Treatment of cells with rapamycin (100 nM) for 48 h resulted in the percentage of cells in G 1 phase being increased by 16.6, 17.5, 9.2 and 4.9% in the 10A, 10AT, 10ATG3B, and 10CA1a cells, respectively. The presence of apoptotic cells, reflected by the subG 1 peak, was not detectable in MCF10AT cell lineage. Rapamycin inhibited significantly the phosphorylation/activation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1 and STAT3 in the MCF10AT cell lineage. The 4E-BP1:eIF4E ratio, an intrinsic marker for sensitivity to rapamycin, increased by 1.7- to 3.3-fold in MCF10AT cell lineage, but did not correlate well with either cell proliferation or cell cycle data. Rapamycin decreased phospho-S6RP levels by ~86%, ~67%, ~85% and ~22% in the 10A, 10AT, 10ATG3B and 10CA1a cells, respectively. These results correlated well with the decreased sensitivity of the 10CA1a cells to rapamycin-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and G 1 phase arrest. Rb and pRb protein levels were significantly decreased after treatment of rapamycin (100 nM). The protein expression of cyclin D3 was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner, with the levels at 36.0, 29.4, 21.7 and 37.4 % for 10A, 10AT, 10ATG3B and 10CA1a cells, respectively, relative to untreated controls. Cdk2 protein levels declined by ~45,~30, ~32, and ~36% in the 10A, 10AT, 10AT3B, and 10CA1a cells, respectively, relative to untreated controls. Collectively, these data show that rapamycin inhibited cell proliferation by G 1 cell cycle arrest in the 10A, 10AT and 10ATG3B cells, whereas the 10CA1a tumor cells were less sensitive to rapamycin effects. The effects of rapamycin on Rb, pRb, cyclin D3 and cdk2 levels contributed to G 1 cell cycle arrest in the 10A, 10AT and 10AT3B cells, with a lesser effect noted for the 10CA1a tumor cells. Supported by NIH grant ES10595 and EHS Center grant P30 ES06639. Keywords: MCF 10AT cells; mTOR, rapamycin, cyclin D3, cdk2
Is Trust Rigid or Malleable? A Laboratory Experiment:

An important debate within the trust literature is whether trust is modified by social experiences or resistant to change despite changing social circumstances. We address this debate by designing ...
Hunting Strategies of a Lake Malawi Cichlid with Reverse Countershading

Tyrannochromis macrostoma (Regan), a haplochromine cichlid fish endemic to Lake Malawi, Africa, exhibits reverse countershading. It attacks potential prey fishes from an upright, sideways (90* rotation from an upright position), or upside-down (180* rotation from an upright position) positions. Seventy percent of its attacks are from a sideways position. Whenever it was observed attacking from an upside-down position, its prey was stationed below the attacker. When attacking from a sideways position, its prey was below the attacker 25% of the time and on the same plane 75% of the time. When attacking from a normal position, its prey was below the T. macrostoma 82% of the time and on the same plane 18% of the time. Data presented herein lend credence to the self-shadow concealment explanation for the selection of countershading. Tyrannochromis nigriventer Eccles, a closely related species, does not display reverse countershading but occasionally attacks from an upside-down position.
Bibliographical Practices in Islamic Societies, with an Analysis of MS Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Hs. or. 13525

Despite the constantly growing research on the literary history of the Muslim world and related social practices, there is hardly a period or a region in the long and diverse history of the Muslim world for which we can present a clear and detailed picture as to which books were available and popular in any given discipline. Nor do we know much about the diffusion of books, the processes of survival, selection, and transmission of books, or the mechanisms and ways of including books in a teaching curriculum, or excluding them from such a curriculum. An inquiry into the “curriculum” of a specific scholarly circle or “canon” at any given time can be based on a broad range of pertinent genres of documentary sources as well as literary texts and, of course, the preserved books themselves. The article discusses main genres, viz. inventories of transmitters and chains of transmission, autobibliographical inventories and bibliographical inventories of single authors, library inventories, lists of references, and notebooks and anthologies. Moreover, MS Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Hs. or. 13525, a library endowment deed, is analysed.
Time as Gift: God’s Journey

Augustine, meditating in his Confessions, maintains that the passage of time is as filled with mystery as is God. Time speaks and sings and acts, simultaneously present, drifting into the past, and anticipating in its overtones the future melody or words. The past and the future have reality only in the surplus within the present, not in a reified fashion on their own. God, in an analogous way, is eternal simultaneity, always present, yet God knows and loves all times.1 When Aquinas studies God’s eternity, he notes that since it is ‘outside time’ and ‘indivisible,’ it can coexist with any other point in the temporal order. ‘The divine intellect, therefore, sees in the whole of its eternity, as being present to it, whatever takes place through the whole course of time.’2 This parallel poses the theological question of this chapter: How are God and time co-implicated? What is it about time that evokes a notion of God? What is it about God that can include a divine relationship to time?
Enhancement of oxygen surface exchange on epitaxial La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ thin films using advanced heterostructured oxide interface engineering

Engineering of a novel heterostructured oxide interface was used to enhance the oxygen surface exchange kinetics of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF113) thin films. A single-layer decoration of mixed (LaSr)2CoO4±δ (LSC214) and La1-xSrxCoO3-δ (LSC113) and a double-layer decoration of stacked LSC214 and LSC113 grown on the LSCF113 markedly enhanced the surface exchange coefficients of the LSCF113 by up to -1.5 orders of magnitude relative to the undecorated LSCF113. It is hypothesized that two different types of surface decorations can enable Sr segregation at the interface and surfaces of LSC113 and LSC214, leading to enhancement of the oxygen surface exchange kinetics of decorated LSCF113.
Impact of the VLBA on reference frames and earth orientation studies

The geodetic VLBI community began using VLBA antennas in 1989 for geodesy and astrometry. We examine how usage of the VLBA has improved the celestial reference frame, the terrestrial reference frame, and Earth orientation parameters. Without the VLBA, ICRF2 would have had only 1011 sources instead of 3414. ICRF3 will contain at least 4121 sources, with approximately 70 % or more coming exclusively from VLBA astrometry and geodesy sessions. The terrestrial reference frame is also more stable and precise due to VLBA geodesy sessions. Approximately two dozen geodesy stations that have participated in VLBA sessions show average position formal errors that are $$\sim $$ 13–14 % better in the horizontal components and $$\sim $$ 5 % better in the vertical component than would be expected solely from the increased number of observations. Also the Earth orientation parameters obtained from the RDV sessions represent the most accurate EOP series of any of the long-term VLBI session types.
Wireless Technology Overview

Wireless access points—whether fixed, mobile, or hybrid—have proliferated in the 21st century. Using them responsibly is essential to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our communications content and networks.
Supervisory control of discrete event processes with arbitrary controls

An extended model for a class of discrete event systems is proposed. Based on the model formulated by Ramadge and Wonham [1], we introduce the notion of a nondeterministic supervisor and extend the definition of a controllable language [1]. Some results on the existence of deterministic and nondeterministic supervisors to achieve a given closed loop language are presented. We briefly discuss closure properties of controllable languages in the extended model.
A 33-Year-Old Woman With a Fluorodeoxyglucose-Avid Left Lower Lobe Mass

Case Presentation A 33-year-old woman of Latin American origin was referred to our department by her primary care physician for a left lower lobe mass, which was incidentally found on a CT scan of her abdomen. The patient had complaints of abdominal pain for which she underwent imaging of her abdomen. Review of systems was negative for any respiratory complaints, and she denied any history of cigarette smoking or recreational drug use.
Tools Beyond Control: Social Media and the Work of Advocacy Organizations:

Advocacy organizations rely on social media services, such as Facebook and Twitter, to engage their supporters. These services increasingly influence how citizens and advocacy organizations engage ...
Legal Potholes on the Information Superhighway

The Internet represents the promise of better, cheaper, and more efficient marketing in the near future. Few marketers, however, have considered fully the downside of this virtual marketplace. Alon...
Mozart and the Mind: Factual and Fictional Effects of Musical Enrichment

Publisher Summary The “Mozart effect” refers to the finding that college students who listened to the first 10 minutes of a Mozart sonata (K.448) scored higher on a spatial-temporal reasoning task immediately afterward—an effect that lasted approximately 10 minutes. This chapter presents the school district of Kettle-Moraine study. Children from four kindergarten classrooms at two Wisconsin public elementary schools in the school district of Kettle-Moraine participated. Some children received piano keyboard instruction (keyboard group) and others received no special training (no music group). The study began by pretesting all the children using two spatial-temporal tasks, a puzzle-solving task, a block-building task, and one pictorial memory task. Children were posttested twice, once following 4 months of lessons and a second time following 8 months. Results showed that young children who were provided with music instruction scored higher on spatial-temporal tasks compared with children who did not receive the instruction. The effect was significant after 4 months of instruction. No enhancement was found for a nonspatial task: pictorial memory. However, when the music instruction was terminated the children's scores began to decrease. The children who received instruction over the entire 4 years of the study continued to score higher on the spatial-temporal tasks. The effects of music instruction on spatial-temporal abilities may be explained by two types of theories. Neuroscientific theories assert that music instruction induces physiological changes in brain structure that consequently affect spatial-temporal processing. Transfer theories, on the other hand, suggest that playing a musical instrument and performing a spatial-temporal task require similar cognitive skills, and thus the skills involved in making music may transfer to spatial-temporal task performance.
Plagiarised letters of recommendation submitted for the National Resident Matching Program.

Objectives Residency is a critical step in the professional development of physicians. Given the high stakes of the process, it is not surprising, although nonetheless troubling, that professional misconduct may occur: multiple studies have, rightfully, condemned applicants for plagiarising personal statements or misrepresenting publications. To date, however, no studies have examined whether faculty members may engage in similar behaviours. Methods Software was used to evaluate 3864 unique applications containing 13 617 letters of recommendation submitted through the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) to the Yale University Department of Psychiatry Residency Program in recruitment cycles from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017. The software identified pairs of letters written by different authors with at least 75 words of shared language, counting only words present in contiguous phrases of at least eight words (Shared Wording Across People, SWAP). Independent reviewers determined whether the shared language reflected acceptable forms of common usage (e.g. describing a setting of care) or was intended to convey unique attributes of an applicant, thereby representing plagiarism. Results We found that 5.1% of letters contained SWAP and 4.1% of letters contained plagiarism. In total, 11.8% of all applications included at least one plagiarised letter. By comparison, 2.6% of applicants' personal statements contained plagiarism. Conclusions The present data demonstrate a surprising prevalence of plagiarism in letters of recommendation written for residency applicants. These data call into question both the relative weight that should be accorded to letters of recommendation and, more broadly, beg further discussion of how we conceptualise professionalism in medicine.
Broadband Comb Upconversion in an Apodized Step-Chirped PPLN Waveguide for the Quantum Memories

We present theoretical modeling and characteristics of an apodized step-chirped ppLN waveguide for efficient and uniform broadband upconversion from 1580-nm comb to ∼984-nm comb with a 3dB bandwidth of 48.6-nm to interface with rare-earth solid-state quantum memories.
Motivating Influenza Vaccination Among Young Adults: The Effects of Public Service Advertising Message Framing and Text Versus Image Support

A common challenge facing public health practitioners and social marketers is how best to frame and present benefit–risk information in campaigns that aim to change perceptions and increase accepta...
Analysis model for sulfur-iodine and hybrid sulfur thermochemical cycles

This paper presents a transient control volume modeling scheme for both the sulfur-iodine (SI) and Westing-house hybrid sulfur (HyS) thermochemical cycles. These cycles are very important candidates for the large-scale production of hydrogen in the 21st century. In this study, transient control volume models of the SI and HyS cycles are presented, along with a methodology for coupling these models to codes that describe the transient behavior of a high-temperature nuclear reactor. The transient SI and HyS cycle models presented here are based on a previous model with a significant improvement, namely, pressure variation capability in the chemical reaction chambers. This pressure variation capability is obtained using the ideal gas law, which is differentiated with respect to time. The HyS model is based on a time-dependent application of the Nernst equation. Investigation of the new pressure assumption yields a peak pressure rate of change of 5.877 kPa/s for a temperature-driven transient test matrix and 2.993 kPa/s for a mass flow rate-driven transient test matrix. These high rates of pressure change suggest that an accurate model of the SI and/or HyS cycle must include some method of accounting for pressure variation. The HyS model suggests that the hydrogen production rate is directly proportional to the SO 2 production rate.
Prevention of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total joint replacement that leads to excess morbidity, mortality, and cost. This chapter has outlined effective prevention strategies that may be utilized in all phases of perioperative care. A multifaceted approach to the patient undergoing total joint replacement will have the greatest positive effect. Further study will be needed to identify and share “best practice” models that might be emulated to lower the PJI risk for all patients.
Teaching climate change in middle schools and high schools: investigating STEM education’s deficit model

Science teachers play an important role promoting civic scientific literacy, but recent research suggests they are less effective than they could be in educating the next generation of citizens about climate change and its causes. One particular area of concern is that many science teachers in the USA encourage students to debate settled empirical findings, such as the role of human-generated emissions of greenhouse gases in raising global temperatures. A common reaction is to call for science teachers to receive more formal training in climate science to increase their knowledge, which will then improve teaching. Using a nationally representative survey of 1500 middle school and high school science teachers, we investigate each element in this argument, and show that increased science coursework in college has modest effects on teachers’ content knowledge and on their teaching choices, including decisions about debating “both sides.” We also find that teachers’ personal political orientations play a large role in their teaching strategies: right-leaning teachers devote somewhat less time to global warming and are much more likely to encourage student debate on the causes of global warming. We discuss the implications of these findings and argue teacher education might be more effective if informed by insights from the emerging discipline of science communication. However, although knowledge and ideology are predictive of pedagogy, a large number of teachers of all ideological positions and all levels of subject expertise encourage students to debate established findings. We discuss this and highlight potential explanations.
How and How Much: Combined Services for Domestic Violence and Substance Abuse

This study generates practice-based evidence about organizational strategies for addressing co-occurring domestic violence (DV) and substance abuse (SA) using a survey of organizations working on both issues (N = 204). How (the strategies) and how much (the extensiveness) organizations attend to both issues vary by organizational type (DV, SA, or multiservice) and populations served. While most SA and multiservice organizations address DV internally, most DV organizations use external collaborations; all offer services to DV perpetrators at similar rates. Findings underscore the importance of including multiple, nuanced measures of organizational activities related to co-occurring DV and SA in future research.
Improving Patient Experience in Radiology: Impact of a Multifaceted Intervention on National Ranking.

Implementing a multifaceted radiology quality improvement initiative can enhance patient experience and improve national percentile ranking in patient experience.
The Validity and Reliability of Available Intimate Partner Homicide and Reassault Risk Assessment Tools: A Systematic Review

At least one in seven homicides around the world is perpetrated by intimate partners. The danger of intimate partner homicide (IPH) associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) has led to the development of numerous IPV reassault and IPH risk assessment tools. Using 18 electronic databases and research repositories, we conducted a systematic review of IPH or IPV reassault risk assessment instruments. After review, 43 studies reported in 42 articles met inclusion criteria. We systematically extracted, analyzed, and synthesized data on tools studied, sample details, data collection location, study design, analysis methods, validity, reliability, and feasibility of use. Findings indicate that researchers in eight countries have tested 18 distinct IPH or IPV reassault risk assessment tools. The tools are designed for various professionals including law enforcement, first responders, and social workers. Twenty-six studies focused on assessing the risk of male perpetrators, although eight included female perpetrators. Eighteen studies tested tools with people in mixed-sex relationships, though many studies did not explicitly report the gender of both the perpetrators and victims/survivors. The majority of studies were administered or coded by researchers rather than administered in real-world settings. Reliable and valid instruments that accurately and feasibly assess the risk of IPH and IPV reassault in community settings are necessary for improving public safety and reducing violent deaths. Although researchers have developed several instruments assessing different risk factors, systematic research on the feasibility of using these instruments in practice settings is lacking.
From primary care to the revolving door of hospital readmission: Relevance of Geoffrey Rose's call for a population strategy

Abstract The high-risk strategy in prevention has remained the preferred approach in health care. High-profile research predominantly emphasizes specific high-risk subgroups such as those who have extremely high cholesterol and super-utilizers of emergency departments. Dr. Geoffrey Rose's alternative population approach, though well established in principle, has failed to come to fruition in primary care research, aside from a few exceptions. The population approach extends intervention efforts to more moderate-risk people, attempting to shift the overall distribution in a positive direction, effecting change in more of the population. Despite requiring more initial investment due to the larger target group, the health-related gains and downstream cost savings through a population strategy may yield greater long-term cost-effectiveness than the high-risk strategy. We describe the example of extending prevention efforts from super-utilizers (e.g. those with ≥3 readmissions per year) to include those who readmit in moderate frequency (1–2 per year) in terms of potential hospital days and associated medical costs averted.
Sexual Development in Adolescence: An Examination of Genetic and Environmental Influences

Sexual development entails many experiences and is a major feature of adolescence. Most relevant behavioral genetic studies, however, focus primarily on sexual behaviors associated with health risks. We took a more normative, developmental perspective by examining genetic and environmental influences on five sexual behaviors ranging from dating to pregnancy in middle (Mage = 14.90 years) and late adolescence (Mage = 17.85 years) in a sample of twins (N = 3,762). Overall, behaviors that are more common and socially sanctioned (e.g., dating) were more heritable than behaviors that are less common and socially acceptable (e.g., sexual intercourse). That the etiology of different sexual behaviors is tied to their normativeness highlights the importance of considering the broader developmental context when studying sexual development.
Measuring Electrical Activity of the Brain: ERP Mapping in Alcohol Research.

The recording of brain electrical activity from scalp electrodes provides a noninvasive, sensitive measure of brain function. Event-related potentials (ERP's) are brain waves that are recorded while the subject is exposed to a specific sensory stimulus. Depending on experimental conditions, ERP's are useful in studying many brain functions, such as sensory and information processing (e.g., memory). The assessment of ERP's is useful in studying the effects of alcohol on brain function and in identifying people at risk for developing alcoholism. Computerized mapping techniques produce graphs or color-coded images to summarize data about the generation of ERP's in time and space.
A study on 34 cases' operation to treat subconjunctival choristoma in children

Objective To review the clinical and histopathologie features and discuss the guidelines for surgical management of subconjunctival choristoma in children.Methods A retrospective study of 34 patients with subconjunctival choristoma who underwent surgical excision was reviewed.Results Of 34 patients,there were 17 males and 17 females.All patients had solitary lesions.Mean age when choristoma was discovered was 3 months old(range from 8day to 2years).Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 2.6years (range from 2months to 12 years).The presenting symptom was a subconjunctival mass in all 34 patients.The tumor occurred on temporal quadrant in 33 cases,on nasal quadrant in 1 case,almost of them were near lateral canthus.The mass was tightly adhered to bulbar eonjunctiva but not fixed to the under fascia.The mass was continuous with orbital fat.Transverse plain CT scan was performed in 19 patients,ereseent-shaped hypodensity lesion attached to the epibulbar was detected in all cases on CT scan,CT density was-53 to-106HU,contrast enhanced CT scan in 6 cases.The lesion had a thin wall(1-2mm)under the conjunctiva lateral and could have middle enhancement.In pathology,there were 29 dermolipomas,1 dystopia lacrimal gland,2 heterotopic salivary glands,1 dermolipoma with heterotopic salivary glands,1 osteoearcinoma.Spontaneous regression was never observed,after surgery,1 recurrence,1 atretoblepharia,1 alacrimia,1 xeroma with keratitis filamentosa were observed in 34 patients.Conclusions Children subconjuetive ehoristoma is a rare congenital benign tumor.Most of them are dermolipomas.The clinical feature is a soft,amber flat,slowly-growing,subconjunetival tumor.The histopathologle features show two characteristic constructions,the fat and fiber.CT scan shows the lesion's range and characteristics as well as the relationship with the adjacent structures.CT scan has great directive value for operating on these tumors and reducing the complications.The best treatment is surgical excision. Key words: Children; Subeonjunetival; Choristoma; Surgery
Affirmative Action for Whom? An Experiment on Latino Policy Preferences

Why do Latinos show high opposition toward affirmative action, a policy that benefits them as a group? Using data from a nationally representative survey experiment, I find that racial prejudice drives Latino affirmative action policy preferences to mirror those of non-Hispanic whites – with caveats. My results show that whites oppose affirmative action for both blacks and Latinos, and Latinos oppose affirmative action only for blacks. Both white and Latino opposition to affirmative action is a function of their anti-black racial prejudice. However, I also find evidence that Latino policy attitudes toward affirmative action are also a function of Latino identity. Specifically, among Latinos with a strong Latino in-group identity, we see evidence of a solidarity effect - affirmative action support for both Latinos and blacks.
Integrating social justice and diversity discourse into existing classes within the business school

Creating opportunities for social justice and diversity discourse within the classroom is increasingly becoming a priority for universities, and especially within the business school. While a desig...
Engineering Requirements for Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices

The application of thorough engineering principles has been key to the successful design, development, and manufacturing of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices for the last five decades. The engineering involved is multidisciplinary and includes mechanical, chemical, electrical, and materials engineering as well as sub-specialties such as computer, biomedical, reliability, and software engineering. Because MCS devices vary in their intended patient population, duration of use, and operation, no one set of engineering requirements can be specified for MCS devices. As a result, engineering requirements are determined and implemented for each MCS device using the methods of risk analysis and risk management.
Optimal Policies for the Homogeneous Selective Labels Problem.

Selective labels are a common feature of consequential decision-making applications, referring to the lack of observed outcomes under one of the possible decisions. This paper reports work in progress on learning decision policies in the face of selective labels. The setting considered is both a simplified homogeneous one, disregarding individuals' features to facilitate determination of optimal policies, and an online one, to balance costs incurred in learning with future utility. For maximizing discounted total reward, the optimal policy is shown to be a threshold policy, and the problem is one of optimal stopping. In contrast, for undiscounted infinite-horizon average reward, optimal policies have positive acceptance probability in all states. Future work stemming from these results is discussed.
In Defense of FAA Section 702

The tension between a nation-state’s need to detect and interdict threats to life, safety, and property inevitably conflict with the privacy interests of its individual citizens and private sector entities. Increased flattening and convergence of global communications will continue to exacerbate this tension, as nation-states seek to pursue these twin goods within the common spaces shared by protected populations and those who would hold society at risk. The US Constitution’s preamble calls on the government to achieve a common defense while securing the blessings of liberty. The US approach to security achieves both goals by empowering the executive branch to defend the nation while providing the legislative and judicial branches with significant oversight and meaningful involvement. This paper makes the case that the provisions of Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act are both necessary and appropriate under the US Constitution’s mandate that the government pursue all of its aims (i.e., security and privacy). Moreover, the paper provides compelling evidence to rebut widely circulated myths regarding the actual implementation of Section 702, most notably that NSA exceeded either the intent or the letter of its authorities.