cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of large abdominal wall defects using neurotized vascular composite allografts

Background Abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation is the second most common form of vascularized composite allotransplantation. Sensory and functional recovery are expected in other forms but have never been demonstrated in abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation. The authors hypothesize that coaptation of two thoracolumbar nerves will result in reinnervation of the alloflap and maintenance of the muscle component. Methods Adult, male, 10-week-old Brown Norway and Lewis rats were used for experiments. The rat donor's common iliac vessels were anastomosed to the recipient's femoral vessels. Intercostal nerves T10/L1 were coapted. Four groups (n = 5 per group) were included for study: group 1, Lewis, intercostal nerves cut, not repaired; group 2, Lewis intercostal nerves cut, T10/L1 repaired; group 3, allogeneic Brown Norway-to-Lewis abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation, T10/L1 repaired; and group 4, syngeneic Lewis-to-Lewis abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation, T10/L1 repaired. Animals were killed on postoperative day 60. Nerve regeneration was assessed using muscle weight analysis, myofibril cross-sectional area, nerve histomorphometry, and neuromuscular junction percentage reinnervation. Results Groups 2, 3, and 4 maintained a significantly greater percentage of postharvest weight compared with group 1 (p 0.05). Group 1 had significantly decreased percentage reinnervation of the alloflap compared with controls (p 0.05). Conclusion In a murine model for abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation, coaptation of T10/L1 will allow for reinnervation of the alloflap and maintenance of the muscle component.
Creating and Using ISA 2006 Firewall Access Policy

This chapter discusses how the ISA firewall processes Access Policy Access Rules to control outbound access through the ISA firewall. It also discusses a number of special topics in ISA firewall Access Policy that one can use to further lockdown the network. Elements that make up the ISA firewall access rules, including protocols, user sets, content types, schedules and network objects are explored. Following this, the chapter discusses how one can create the protocols or use those built into the ISA Server firewall. The chapter also explains the user sets (firewall groups) that come preconfigured in ISA Server: all authenticated users, all users, and system and network service. Further, how to apply schedules to access rules is also demonstrated. Next, the chapter provides step-by-step details on how to create access rules and all the options that are available when creating or configuring a rule. It shows how to configure RPC, FTP, and HTTP policies, and how to order and organize your access rules. Using scripts to populate domain name sets is also discussed, and a sample script that allows one to import entries into a Domain Name set or URL set from a text file is provided. Finally, the chapter covers how to allow intradomain communications through an ISA Server Firewall. It discusses protocols required for intradomain communications and shows how to edit the registry on the domain controllers to limit ports required for RPC to a single port, in order to make it easier to analyze the logs.
On o-semimetrizable Spaces

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the characterization and the topological properties of o-semimetrizable spaces. It is easy to verify that every developable space is o-semimetrizable and, of course, every o-semimetrizable space is semimetrizable. What is surprising is that neither of the implications is reversible, even when combined with very strong topological properties. The chapter discusses the importance of wΔ-spaces in relation to developable spaces to understand the role played by wΔ1-spaces and wΔ2-spaces in obtaining the characterizations of o-semimetrizable spaces and semimetrizable spaces.
Phase I/pharmacokinetic evaluation of a doxorubicin-containing low thermosenstitive liposome in dogs with solid tumors

1398 A novel, low temperature-sensitive liposome containing doxorubicin (DOX-LTSL; ThermoDox, Celsion, Inc.) has been designed to release drug in the temperature range of 40-42 o C when coupled with tumor bed hyperthermia. We previously demonstrated that use of this formulation resulted in improved drug delivery and efficacy in a human xenograft model (Cancer Research 2000;60:6950-7). The current study describes the first phase I trial of the formulation in 21 dogs with solid tumors presenting to two veterinary clinics. Since the normal dog body temperatures exceed those of humans (and hence could lead to immature DOX release from the liposome) the patients’ bodies were cooled prior to and during infusion. DOX-LTSL dose was escalated using a standard phase I design at dose levels of 0.60, 0.7, 0.93 and 1.0 mg/kg. The drug was administered intravenously by 30 minute intravenous infusions every 3 weeks. Tumor beds were subjected to hyperthermia (target temperature 39.5-42 o C) starting immediately post-infusion for 1 hour. Plasma (total DOX) and tumor microdialysate (free DOX) pharmacokinetics were evaluated in the first cycle of therapy in all patients, and in subsequent cycles in some. Samples were analyzed by HPLC with laser-based fluorescence detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were generated using a standard, two-stage approach. Dose-limiting toxicity (myelosuppression) was reached at the 1 mg/kg level. Plasma DOX concentrations were typically above the assay sensitivity until the 24 hr post-dose sample. Mean systemic DOX clearance was 15.24 L/hr/kg, varied between patients over a wide range, and was not associated with dose level. One explanation for the variability is likely due to differences in the dogs’ actual body temperatures (35-39 o C), as an inverse correlation was evident between the plasma DOX exposure and the rectal body temperature measured at the end of infusion. (Higher body temperatures would result in additional free DOX and thus a lower AUC due to increased elimination and extravascular distribution.) No evidence of induction or inhibition of DOX systemic clearance was evident in the patients assessed for up to 3 cycles of therapy. DOX was typically first detectable (> 50 pg/mL) in tumor microdialysate samples by the end of infusion, maximal within 90 minutes post-infusion, and persisted for the microdialysis sampling period (120 minutes). Maximal tumor microdialysate concentrations were up to 18 fold above the assay sensitivity. Between-patient variability appeared higher than that observed within an individual patient’s tumor (2 sites evaluated per patient). These in vivo data suggest the LTSL formulation when combined with tumor hyperthermia, provides a unique approach to enhancing tumor selectivity for a cytotoxic drug. Supported by NIH grant: CA42745
Board Members With Style: The Effect of Audit Committee Members and Their Personal Styles on Financial Reporting Choices:

This article studies whether audit committee members and chairpersons exhibit individual-specific “styles” that affect corporate financial reporting practices. I track 2,941 audit committee members and 683 chairpersons across firms over time, and test whether member (chair)-specific factors explain firms’ accounting choices. I find that member and chairperson “style” (captured by fixed effects) is significant in explaining a firm’s probability of accounting misstatements and earnings management, and the effects are not explained away by observable member (chairperson) characteristics found by prior literature, or by the effects of CEOs or CFOs.
Distribution and Determinants of 90-Day Payments for Multilevel Posterior Lumbar Fusion: A Medicare Analysis.

Study Design: A retrospective, economic analysis. Objective: The objective of this article is to analyze the distribution of 90-day payments, sources of variation, and reimbursement for complications and readmissions for primary ≥3-level posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) from Medicare data. A secondary objective was to identify risk factors for complications. Summary of Background Data: Bundled payments represent a single payment system to cover all costs associated with a single episode of care, typically over 90 days. The dollar amount spent on different health service providers and the variation in payments for ≥3-level PLF have not been analyzed from a bundled perspective. Materials and Methods: Administrative claims data were used to study 90-day Medicare (2005–2012) reimbursements for primary ≥3-level PLF for deformity and degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. Distribution of payments, sources of variation, and reimbursements for managing complications were studied using linear regression models. Risk factors for complications were studied by stepwise multiple-variable logistic regression analysis. Results: Hospital payments comprised 73.8% share of total 90-day payment. Adjusted analysis identified several factors for variation in index hospital payments. The average 90-day Medicare payment for all multilevel PLFs without complications was $35,878 per patient. The additional average cost of treating complications with/without revision surgery within 90 days period ranged from $17,284 to $68,963. A 90-day bundle for ≥3-level PLF with readmission ranges from $88,648 (3 levels) to $117,215 (8+ levels). Rates and risk factors for complications were also identified. Conclusions: The average 90-day payment per patient from Medicare was $35,878 with several factors such as levels of surgery, comorbidities, and development of complications influencing the cost. The study also identifies the risks and costs associated with complications and readmissions and emphasize the significant effect these would have on bundled payments (additional burden of up to 192% the cost of an average uncomplicated procedure over 90 days). Level of Evidence: Level 3.
The blame game: news, blame, and young homicide victims

Media have represented blame in homicide cases as attributable to a victim or an offender; we provide a more nuanced category of shared blame. We examine stories covering young homicide victims to demonstrate how shared blame is operationalized in print news, noting stark differences across a victim’s race and gender. We conduct a content analysis of the Orlando Sentinel newspaper and police reports from Seminole County and Sanford, Florida, from 2000 to 2012. Stark racial and gender differences are apparent in the way the content is framed and how the victims are depicted. The newspaper’s representation of young African American males is consistent with existing stereotypes of the “criminal black man.” We discuss the larger implications of our findings and how our results apply to high-profile killings of young homicide victims including Trayvon Martin.
Apollo in the Age of Aquarius

One of the challenges that has plagued historians studying the US space program over the past five decades is articulating the legacy of the Apollo Moon program. Was it the resounding American vict...
Failure Recovery in Robot–Human Object Handover

Object handover is a common physical interaction between humans. It is thus also of significant interest for human–robot interaction. In this paper, we are focused on robot-to-human object handover. The main challenge in this case is how to reduce the failure rate, i.e., to ensure that the object does not fall (object safety), while at the same time allowing the human to easily acquire the object (smoothness). To endow the robot with a failure recovery mechanism, we investigated how humans detect failure during the transfer phase of the handover. We conducted a human study that showed that a human giver primarily relies on vision rather than haptic sensing to detect the fall of the object. Motivated by this study, a robotic handover system is proposed that consists of a motion sensor attached to the robot's gripper, a force sensor at the base of the gripper, and a controller that is capable of regrasping the object if it starts falling. The proposed system is implemented on a Baxter robot and is shown to achieve a smooth and safe handover.
Crystal structures of tricalcium citrates

The crystal structures of calcium citrate hexahydrate, calcium citrate tetrahydrate, and anhydrous calcium citrate have been solved using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. Both the hexahydrate and tetrahydrate structures are characterized by layers of edge-sharing Ca coordination polyhedra, including triply chelated Ca. An additional isolated Ca is coordinated by water molecules, and two uncoordinated water molecules occur in the hexahydrate structure. The previously reported polymorph of the tetrahydrate contains the same layers, but only two H2O coordinated to the isolated Ca and two uncoordinated water molecules. Anhydrous calcium citrate has a three-dimensional network structure of Ca coordination polyhedra. The new polymorph of calcium citrate tetrahydrate is the major crystalline phase in several commercial calcium supplements.
The Hemi-Kock Augmentation Ileocystoplasty: A Low Pressure Anti-Refluxing System

AbstractExperiences with various methods of using intestinal segments for bladder augmentation and urinary undiversion, as well as with clinical applications of the Kock continent ileostomy for urinary diversion have led us to develop the hemi-Kock augmentation ileocystoplasty for selected patients requiring a nonrefluxing bladder augmentation. In 6 of 7 patients this bladder augmentation technique fulfilled the requirement for a low pressure nonrefluxing reservoir. Renal function has been preserved and electrolyte problems have not occurred. Nocturnal incontinence has been eliminated. Although 2 of 7 patients required surgical revision patient acceptance has been excellent. Prerequisites to implementing this approach are appropriate patient selection and familiarity with the surgical principles of the continent ileal reservoir.
Adolescent Physical Fitness: A Comparative Study:

This study compares the physical fitness of 283 segregated resident (SR), 64 segregated nonresident (SN), and 137 integrated (IN) visually impaired subjects aged 10 to 17 years. Subjects were consi...
Early Modern Stone Disease

Introduction and Objective The onset of the twentieth century saw the rise of stone disease knowledge to near the level of our current era. The pathophysiology of stone formation was clearly linked to other etiologies. For instance, the parathyroid glands were identified much earlier than their role in formation of both bone and renal stone formation.
Educational cosmopolitanism and collaborative inquiry with Chinese and US teachers

ABSTRACTAs the world becomes more interconnected, educators have opportunities to collaborate across cultures. Using the theory of educational cosmopolitanism and the pedagogy of collaborative inqu...
Living and Working at Oasis Hospital: Recollections of Missionary Nurses:

Mission hospitals in postcolonial developing countries were often staffed by female nurses who cared for women during labor and birth. This article is a thematic analysis of narratives from nurses ...
Role of Industry and International Organisations in Improving Technical Vocational Education and Training in Nigeria

This paper reports the findings of a study that delved into the roles of industries and international organisations in improving Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Nigeria. A survey design was used. The 152 principals of the government technical colleges in the country comprised the population of the study. Seventy-six (representing 50 percent) of these principals were selected to participate in the study. These were selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a 10-item questionnaire. The data was analysed using means and student-t test at the level of significance p = .05. The study revealed that industries and international organizations have great roles to play in improving TVET in the country. Hence, it is recommended that government makes policies that will promote collaboration between TVET institutions and these organisations.
Supervising Trainees who Counsel Clients with Borderline Personality Characteristics: Implications for Training and Practice

This article presents findings from an exploration of clinical supervisors' perspectives of the process of supervising trainees who counsel clients with borderline personality characteristics. Six supervisors, from private practice settings, nonprofit agencies, and counseling and training centers, participated in three rounds of interviews. They explored the supervision process with trainees who counsel clients who exhibit these characteristics and the influence these characteristics had on the supervision process. Recommendations based on these findings are offered for supervision in clinical practice, counselor education, and training.
CORAGEM SOB FOGO: TESTANDO AS DOUTRINAS DE EPICTETO EM UM LABORATÓRIO COMPORTAMENTAL HUMANO

Stockdale, falando sobre a sua aplicacao das doutrinas de Epicteto em seus sete anos e meio como prisioneiro de guerra no Vietna, desenvolve uma serie de estrategias para que as minorias possam prevalecer moralmente frente ao assedio moral de maiorias que procuram se impor por meio de coercao. Como um homem pode manter a dignidade num meio absolutamente hostil, onde a todo o momento procura-se coisifica-lo? Essa a questao a que Stockdale procura nos dar uma resposta atraves de um exercicio de etica aplicada.
Beyond the portal: reimagining the post-pandemic future of work

This is a forum for perspectives on designing for marginalized communities worldwide. Articles will discuss design methods, theoretical/conceptual contributions, and participatory interventions with underserved communities. --- Nithya Sambasivan, Editor
Constructing a campus-wide infrastructure for virtual reality

The tools, techniques, and physical infrastructure to conduct VR explorations can be expensive and require specialized facilities and training, creating obstacles for faculty and students to explor...
Is implementation of ASAM-based addiction treatment assessments associated with improved 30-day retention and substance use?

Abstract Background The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) criteria were developed to provide a systematic, evidence-based, and transparent approach to addiction treatment assessment and level-of-care recommendations. In 2017, California began a Medicaid demonstration that required that providers in participating counties to adopt ASAM-based intake assessments and level-of-care criteria. We hypothesized that ASAM implementation would increase the proportion of patients retained in addiction treatment and successfully completing their treatment plan. Methods We implemented a comparative interrupted time series analysis with 407,792 treatment episodes by Medicaid beneficiaries in specialty addiction treatment settings from 2015 to mid-2019. We compared the change in retention rates and successful completion rates in counties that adopted ASAM-based assessments relative to counties that did not adopt ASAM-based assessments and used only clinical judgment for level-of-care decisions. Treatment retention was defined as staying in addiction treatment for at least 30 days. Successful completion of the treatment plan was determined by the patient’s clinician. Results After one year, ASAM implementation was associated with a 9% increase in 30-day retention among treatment episodes that started in a residential setting, but no change in retention among episodes starting in outpatient settings. We found no statistically significant association between ASAM adoption and successful treatment completion. Conclusions Implementation of ASAM-based assessment may lead to improved retention for individuals who begin treatment in residential treatment, which may be encouraging to the many state Medicaid programs that are adopting ASAM-based criteria. More research is needed to clarify the mechanism by which ASAM leads to improved outcomes and to clarify how to maximize the potential benefits of ASAM, such as through patient-centered implementation.
Luminescence thermometry for detection of optical cooling from colloidal quantum dots embedded in dielectric waveguides

We have developed a novel method of pump-probe luminescence thermometry based on the detection of photoluminescence signal phase change versus power of the pumping laser, and applied it to studies of optical cooling from colloidal quantum dots embedded in dielectric waveguides.
Detection of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Nonstructural Proteins Using Antisera Directed Against Bacterial Viral Fusion Proteins

Mouse hepatitis virus, strain A59 cDNAs were inserted into the procaryotic fusion vector pGE374. RecA/viral/LacZ tripartite fusion proteins were synthesized from these plasmids and purified from E. coli. Antisera were raised in rabbits against these fusion proteins. Viral nonstructural proteins were detected in infected murine fibroblasts and glial cells. The anti-gene B, 0RF1 sera detect a 3OK cytoplasmic protein while the anti-gene E, ORF2 sera detect a 9.6K protein. Sera raised against proteins encoded in cDNAs from 5′ portions of gene A immunoprecipitate the 200–250K polypeptides synthesized in vitro from genome RNA. Antisera raised against proteins encoded in both 5′ and 3′ portions of gene A immunoprecipitate membrane associated polypeptides of 150K and >600K from MHV infected cells.
Detection of Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus Type-1 in Semen from Seropositive Men using Culture and Polymerase Chain-Reaction Deoxyribonucleic-Acid Amplification Techniques

We have demonstrated that the polymerase chain reaction is a valid and sensitive technique for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in human semen. The combination of extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and liquid hybridization techniques used in this study was sensitive to a level of detection of one HIV-1 infected cell in 100,000 (or 3 infected cells/test sample). In a series of matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and semen cells from 25 HIV-1 seropositive homosexual men, HIV-1 DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 23 of 25 PBMC samples and 1 of 25 semen samples. By coculture on mitogen-activated peripheral blood leukocyte target cells, 19 of 24 PBMC and 4 of 24 semen samples were positive for infectious HIV-1. Of the four culture-positive semen samples, three were negative for the proviral form of the virus in the polymerase chain reaction assay. These data indicate that HIV-1 infected cells are not as prevalent in semen as in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, they indicate that the classical polymerase chain reaction approach, which only detects HIV-1 proviral DNA (infected cells), is not sufficient for clinical screening programs whose goal is the detection of HIV-1-infected semen samples. Accurate semen analysis by polymerase chain reaction may require enrichment of the infected cell population and/or a reverse transcriptase step to enable detection of the infectious ribonucleic acid form of the virus.
Estimating heterogeneity variance in meta‐analysis

Summary. Several new estimators of the between-study variability in a heterogeneous random effects meta-analysis model are derived. One is the unbiased statistic which is locally optimal for small values of the parameter. Others are Bayes procedures within a class of quadratic statistics for a diffuse prior with different choices of the prior mean. These estimators are compared with the DerSimonian–Laird procedure and the Hedges statistic in particular via the quadratic risk of the treatment effect estimator. A Monte Carlo study supports the usage of confidence intervals derived from the new estimators.
Independent Origins of Cleistocarpy in the Splachnaceae: Analyses of cpDNA Sequences and Polyphyly of the Voitioideae (Bryophyta)

Many dung mosses (Splachnaceae) are characterized by insect-mediated spore dispersal. All of the ento- mophilous species are coprophilous, whereas anemophilous species are humicolous or epiphytic. The three species of the Voitioideae are coprophilous but are distinguished from other members of the family by sporangia that remain closed (cleistocarpous) and lack a peristome. Spores are released when the sporangial wall disintegrates. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of the trnL-trnF region and the rps4 locus (cpDNA) for 25 species of Splachnaceae suggest that this combination of characters arose twice within the Splachnaceae and that Voitia grandis is more closely related to species of Tayloria subgenus Tayloria rather to the other species of Voitia, which are nested within the genus Tetraplodon. Hence the new combination Tayloria grandis (Long) Goffinet & Shaw is made. Although the optimal trees were left unrooted, our results resolve the Voitioideae (i.e., the genus Voitia ) as nested within the Splachnoideae. The phylogenetic significance of sporophytic characters within the family Splachnaceae is briefly discussed. Some members of the moss family Splachnaceae are unique among seedless land plants: they display fea- tures considered linked with insect-mediated spore dispersal. Such putative adaptations include an en- larged, brightly colored hypophysis, emission of vola- tile compounds that attract insects, sticky spores, and a pseudocolumella (Koponen 1990; Demidova and Fi- lin 1994). The systematics of the family is based pri- marily sporophytic features, and in particular of com- binations of entomophily related characters and the ar- chitecture of the peristome (Koponen 1982). The
Design III with Marker Loci

Design III is an experimental design originally proposed by R. E. COMSTOCK and H. F. ROBINSON for estimating genetic variances and the average degree of dominance for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and has recently been extended for mapping QTL. In this paper, we first extend COMSTOCK and ROBINSON's analysis of variance to include linkage, two-locus epistasis and the use of F(3) parents. Then we develop the theory and statistical analysis of orthogonal contrasts and contrast X environment interaction for a single marker locus to characterize the effects of QTL. The methods are applied to the maize data of C. W. STUBER. The analyses strongly suggest that there are multiple linked QTL in many chromosomes for several traits examined. QTL effects are largely environment-independent for grain yield, ear height, plant height and ear leaf area and largely environment dependent for days to tassel, grain moisture and ear number. There is significant QTL epistasis. The results are generally in favor of the hypothesis of dominance of favorable genes to explain the observed heterosis in grain yield and other traits, although epistasis could also play an important role and overdominance at individual QTL level can not be ruled out.
Structural characterization of a dynein motor domain

Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-based mechanochemical protein that plays an essential role in cell division, vesicle transport, and cytoplasmic membrane organization. As a molecular motor, dynein utilizes an ATP hydrolysis mechanism to bind and release microtubules and to undergo conformational changes that result in a net displacement towards the microtubule’s minus end. To visualize structural features of this motor protein, we have begun to characterize the dynein head domain by electron microscopy and image processing. Transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained native dynein from Dictyostelium has been performed and images of the head domain have been aligned and analyzed with the software SPIDER. The resulting 2D averages show an oblong round shape composed of seven to eight globular domains or lobes that encircle a stain-filled area. A recombinant 380 kDa fragment of the dynein heavy chain encodes just the globular head domain; analysis of these particles reveals a high structural similarity with the native head domain. A prominent stalk can be seen in several projections of this fragment, suggesting a structure analogous to the B-link described for some axonemal dyneins. Single tilt pair images were used to compute low resolution 3D reconstructions of the dynein head domain. These show a flattened spheroidal shape of 13.5 nm in length with seven similar domains arranged in a ring. Slices through the reconstructions reveal a large central cavity. This is the first detailed description of the head domain structure for a dynein molecule. The presence of a central cavity and the outer globular features, along with its large size make dynein structurally distinct from either myosin or kinesin.
Testing the associative-link hypothesis in immediate serial recall: Evidence from word frequency and word imageability effects.

Two immediate serial recall experiments were conducted to test the associative-link hypothesis (Stuart & Hulme, 2000). We manipulated interitem association by varying the intralist latent semantic analysis (LSA) cosines in our 7-item study word lists, each of which consists of high- or low-frequency words in Experiment 1 and high- or low-imageability words in Experiment 2. Whether item recall performance was scored by a serial-recall or free-recall criterion, we found main effects of interitem association, word imageability, and word frequency. The effect of interitem association also interacted with the word frequency effect, but not with the word imageability effect. The LSA-cosine×word frequency interaction occurred in the recency, but not primacy, portion of the serial position curve. The present findings set explanatory boundaries for the associative-link hypothesis and we argue that both item- and associative-based mechanisms are necessary to account for the word frequency effect in immediate serial...
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent transactivation regulated by the coactivators p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP).

p300 and cAMP response element–binding protein (CREB)–binding protein (CBP) are members of a family of coactivators involved in the regulation of transcription and chromatin. We show that transcription factors of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family bind p300/CBP and recruit histone acetyltransferase activity from T cell nuclear extracts. The NH2-terminal transactivation domain of NFAT1 and the phospho-CREB- and E1A-binding sites of p300/CBP are involved in the interaction. The viral oncoprotein E1A inhibits NFAT-dependent transactivation in a p300-dependent manner. Recruitment of the coactivators p300/CBP by the transactivation domains of NFAT proteins is likely to play a critical role in NFAT-dependent gene expression during the immune response.
Occurrence of Tremors and Incoördination in Vitamin E-Deficient Adult Rats

SummaryRats grown and maintained on a highly purified vitamin E-deficient diet developed paralysis of the rear legs accompanied by tremors and incoodination of the fore legs and head. Although cures could not be obtained, the administration of a vitamin E concentrate arrested the development of these symptoms and stimulated growth.
Social and emotional learning in middle school curricula: A service learning model based on positive youth development

Abstract Service learning is an instructional methodology that may benefit students' social and emotional learning (Zins, Bloodworth, Weissberg, & Walberg, 2007). Though service learning is not a new pedagogy, there are few examples of how to successfully deliver service learning in school curriculum for middle school students (Gestsdottir, Bowers, von Eye, Napolitano, & Lerner, 2010; Mueller et al., 2011). This article discusses the theoretical basis for and practical implementation of a school-based positive youth development model that utilizes service learning to build the social and emotional skills of middle school students. First, this article presents the importance of social and emotional learning during adolescence. Next, utilizing a positive youth development framework, the possible social and emotional outcomes of service learning are outlined. Lastly, a case study of the Wyman Center's Teen Outreach Program® is presented as an example that integrates service learning, built on a positive youth development framework, into middle school curricula. Challenges of this model, future research questions and implications on practice and policy are suggested.
Determination of cysteine

Abstract A technically easy, sensitive method for specific determination of cysteine was developed. It was based upon the fact that an equimolecular reaction between cysteine and noradrenochrome caused the pink color of the latter to change to yellow, while the pink color remained unchanged or merely faded in the presence of other sulfhydryl compounds. Application of the method indicated that the absence of cysteine from freshly drawn human plasma or freshly voided human urine was consistent with the rapid disappearance of cysteine added to plasma or urine.
Three‐dimensional modeling of equatorial spread F airglow enhancements

[1] A sequence of 630.0 nm images obtained with the Boston University all-sky imaging system at Arecibo (18.3 N, 66.7 W, 28 N mag) shows equatorial spread F (ESF) airglow depletions evolving into ESF airglow enhancements. Using a combination of a meridional wind and a converging zonal wind, the NRL ionosphere model SAMI3/ESF can reproduce ESF airglow enhancements.
Developmental stages and chemical composition in embryos of the cockroach, Diploptera punctata, with observations on the effect of diet

A developmental time-table has been established for the embryos of viviparous Diploptera punctata. The percentage of gestation time occupied by pre-dorsal closure stages is only 19 per cent compared to 40 or 50 per cent in non-viviparous species. The increase in wet weight of the embryos begins several days before dorsal closure and continues throughout gestation. The increase in dry weight, protein, carbohydrate, and uric acid does not begin until shortly after dorsal closure but thereafter parallels the increase in wet weight. The increase in oocyte protein during vitellogenesis is tenfold, less than in oviparous or ovoviviparous species. But the increase in embryo protein during gestation is sixtyfold; this characterizes viviparity in D. punctata. Although total lipid increases during gestation, lipid as a percentage of wet weight decreases most rapidly before dorsal closure and less rapidly there-after. It is suggested that before dorsal closure lipid is the major energy source for development. After dorsal closure the embryos are able to drink through their mouths the fluid nutrient provided by the mother. The ultimate source of nutrients required by developing embryos is the maternal diet during gestation. Females starved from ecdysis do not produce young; females fed only sugar from ecdysis produce viable larvae but suffer loss in body weight. Embryos from such females, although normal in length, are deficient in protein.
Three-dimensional structure of the zinc-containing phosphotriesterase with the bound substrate analog diethyl 4-methylbenzylphosphonate.

Phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta catalyzes the hydrolysis of paraoxon and related acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with rate enhancements that approach 1012. The enzyme requires a binuclear metal center for activity and as isolated contains 2 equiv of zinc per subunit. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of the Zn2+/Zn2+-substituted enzyme complexed with the substrate analog diethyl 4-methylbenzylphosphonate. Crystals employed in the investigation belonged to the space group C2 with unit cell dimensions of a = 129.6 A, b = 91.4 A, c = 69.4 A, β = 91.9°, and two subunits in the asymmetric unit. The model was refined by least-squares analysis to a nominal resolution of 2.1 A and a crystallographic R-factor of 15.4% for all measured X-ray data. As in the previously reported structure of the cadmium-containing enzyme, the bridging ligands are a carbamylated lysine residue (Lys 169) and a hydroxide. The zinc ions are separated by 3.3 A. The more buried zinc ion is surrounded by His 55, ...
Effects of low doses of dietary lead on puberty onset in female mice.

Abstract Female Swiss mice typically display signs of puberty at about 33–37 days of age. In the present investigation (96 female mice tested in 8 Pb exposure levels, n = 12 per exposure level), the time to puberty onset was markedly influenced by exposure to dietary lead. While modest increases in blood lead concentrations from a normal background of 2–3 to 13.2 μg/dl delayed the onset of puberty by 15–20% to about 40–43 days, reducing blood lead from 2–3 to 0.7 μg/dl was associated with an acceleration of puberty to 21 days, an enhancement by over 30%. This dose–response relationship represents novel findings of possible ecological as well as public health significance and indicates that lead is able to induce biologically significant changes at blood lead levels previously thought to be without effect.
Identification of voltera kernels of a class of nonlinear systems by walsh function techniques

Abstract This paper discusses the identification problem for a class of nonlinear systems. A member of this class may be represented by a single-valued power-law type nonlinearity preceded and succeeded by linear dyadic invariant systems. Such an arrangement allows for a Voltera functional series representation. The identification problem is then concerned with the specification of the associated Voltera kernels. Two approaches are presented for dealing with this problem. Both approaches are, however, based on Walsh function techniques. The first approach relies on direct output measurements when the input is a Walsh function. This approach is suitable for a deterministic case. The second approach assumes ergodic processes for the input. Based on measurements drawn from an input-output dyadic correlation function, determination of the Voltera kernels is made.
Insulinlike growth factor-I signaling in multiple myeloma: downstream elements, functional correlates, and pathway cross-talk.

In multiple myeloma cells, insulinlike growth factor–I (IGF-I) activates 2 distinct signaling pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), leading to both proliferative and antiapoptotic effects. However, it is unclear through which of these cascades IGF-I regulates these different responses. The present studies identify a series of downstream targets in the PI-3K pathway, including glycogen synthase kinase–3β, p70S6 kinase, and the 3 members of the Forkhead family of transcription factors. The contribution of the MAPK and PI-3K pathways and, where possible, individual elements to proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated by means of a series of specific kinase inhibitors. Both processes were regulated almost exclusively by the PI-3K pathway, with only minor contributions associated with the MAPK cascade. Within the PI-3K cascade, inhibition of p70S6 kinase led to significant decreases in proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Activation of p70S6 kinase could also be prevented by MAPK inhibitors, indicating regulation by both pathways. The Forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 was observed to provide a dual effect in that phosphorylation upon IGF-I treatment resulted in a loss of ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis. The PI-3K pathway was additionally shown to exhibit cross-talk and to regulate the MAPK cascade, as inhibition of PI-3K prevented activation of Mek1/2 and other downstream MAPK elements. These results define important elements in IGF-I regulation of myeloma cell growth and provide biological correlates critical to an understanding of growth-factor modulation of proliferation and apoptosis.
New techniques for fast hybrid solutions of systems of equations

A fast analogue solver with limited precision is used as a preconditioner in an iterative process which develops full digital precision. This hybrid process is highly parallel, and, in principle, it can be faster than digital computations alone. A problematic feature of this process is that the low analogue precision can adversely affect convergence speed. New techniques are introduced to address this limitation. A partial separation of analogue imprecision and poor problem condition is made. Fully parallel digital (smoothing) iterations are introduced to eliminate the effect of random errors which accompany analogue–digital conversion. Application is made to the problem of repeated summation.
Social and Health Service Use and Treatment Outcomes for Sexual Minorities in a National Sample of Substance Abuse Treatment Programs

This study examines substance use severity, levels of social and health service utilization, and the impact of service utilization on treatment outcomes for sexual minorities versus non-minorities. The sample included 3,094 clients from the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES). Substance use severity among sexual minorities and non-sexual minorities was similar at treatment entry and at 12 months post-discharge. Differences in social and health service utilization were significant for substance abuse counseling and health services. Significant interactions between sexuality and access services and sexuality and mental health services were also found. Practice and research implications are discussed.
Phonon Scattering in Semiconductors From Thermal Conductivity Studies

The lattice thermal conductivity of a number of semiconductors including InSb, GaAs, GaSb, CdTe, and CdS has been measured between 1.7 and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. This, together with previous work on Si and Ge, is used to investigate the validity of the relaxation time expressions for scattering of phonons by boundaries, atomic impurities and electrons, and to discuss phonon-phonon interactions and resonance scattering effects. The results indicate that the boundary scattering and isotope scattering relaxation times lead to accurate calculated values of thermal conductivity only when the materials are exceptionally pure. Structure, which has been identified as due to resonance scattering, has been observed in the data for most of the materials. Electron-phonon scattering has been noted in GaSb but the complexity of the problems make the analysis only qualitative. The maximum transverse acoustical phonon frequency may be of more significance than the Debye temperature for thermal conductivity calculations.
Hemoglobin Long Island is caused by a single mutation (adenine to cytosine) resulting in a failure to cleave amino-terminal methionine

Abstract Hemoglobin Long Island has two separate amino acid abnormalities of beta-globin structure: an extension of the NH2 terminus by a methionine residue and a histidine-to-proline substitution at the normal second position. The NH2-terminal methionine residue, the translation product of an AUG initiation codon, is present only transiently in nascent proteins. Because of the general biological implications of this abnormality, we investigated the nature of the genetic defect of this mutant. We determined the sequence of the relevant portion of the beta-globin mRNA by means of dideoxynucleotide chain termination of the complementary DNA (cDNA) in which an oligonucleotide complementary to codons 10-17 was used as a primer for reverse transcriptase. A histidine-to-proline substitution was confirmed in the mutant mRNA by identifying an adenine-to-cytosine transversion in the second codon. However, we were unable to find any other abnormality at either the AUG initiation codon or in the 56 bases upstream from the adenine-to-cytosine transversion (encompassing most of the 5' untranslated region of the mutant beta-globin mRNA). Thus, it appears that this single lesion probably interferes with the poorly understood methionine-cleaving mechanism that modulates most of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins.
The Urophysial Hydrosmotic Factor of Fishes. III. Survey of Fish Caudal Spinal Cord Regions for Hydrosmotic Activity

SummarySixteen species of fishes were examined for urophysial hydrosomotic activity comparable to that present in the caudal neurosecretory system of the globiid teleost Gillichthys mirabilis. Only two teleosts (milkfish and rainbow trout) showed hydrosmotic activity comparable with that of Gillichthys; the other species showed essentially no detectable activity on the isolated urinary bladder of the Hawaiian toad Budo marinus.
Effects of Deprivation and Scheduling on Water Intake in the White Rat

Two studies are presented to demonstrate that the consummatory behavior of drinking in the rat is under the control of duration of water deprivation and that intake after deprivation is related to variation in the scheduling of the animals' opportunities for drinking.
X-ray-induced translocations in spermatognia: I. Dose and fractionation responses in mice

Abstract The frequency of recirprocal translocations, inducedm by X-irradiation of mouse spermatogonial cells and observed at diakinesis-metaphase I in primary spermatocytes, was measured over a dose range of 0–1200 R. The resulting dose-response curve gave a best fit to the model Y = bD+CD2 over the range of 0–500 R. Above 600 R, howeverm, the yeild of translocations decreased with increasing dose, leadiong to a “humped” dose-response curve over the whole dose range studied, as has been observed by several worker previously. The significance of the nonlinear dose-response curve over the lower dose range is discussed in terms of the known fractionation and dose-rate effects for reciprocal translocations induced in spermatogonia. A dose of 800 R was split into two 400-R fractions separated by 8 weeks, or one of 1200 R into three equal parts, each separated by an 8-week interval. The resulting yield of translocations was the same as the sum of two, or three, separate 400-dose doses, but was much higher than a single dose of 800 R or 1200 R. It is suggested that these results, namely the shape of the dose-response curve and the “reverse” fractionation effect, can be explained in terms of resistant and sensitive stem-cell populations, but that any one cell can be in either population, depending upon the stage of the cell cycle in which it is at the time of irradiation.