cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interdigital Tinea: The Forerunner of Infectious Eczematoid Dermatitis

Infectious eczematoid dermatitis (IED) is defined as an acute, eczematous eruption that occurs secondary to autosensitization to purulent drainage from a primary infected site. The condition is believed to develop when bacterial products, most often the result of Staphylococcal or Streptococcal species, act as haptens and stimulate an immune response. IED typically manifests as a plaque with associated vesicles and pustules surrounding drainage from a central infectious source, or as oozing, erythema, crusting, and scaling spreading peripherally from a central infectious source. Management of IED includes both targeting the causative primary infection and suppressing the immune response producing a hypersensitivity reaction. This report details two cases. Case 1 describes a common presentation of tinea pedis. Case 2 is that of a 28 year-old-male who presented with an acute onset tender, pruritic, weeping rash after wearing boots for two straight days, and who was subsequently diagnosed and treated for IED.
Feasibility and utility of idiographic models in the clinic: A pilot study.

Introduction: Idiographic, or individual-level, methodology has been touted for its potential clinical utility. Empirically modeling relationships between symptoms for a single individual may offer...
On the almost sure convergence of a stochastic process in a class of nonlinear multi-population behavioral models for HIV/AIDS with delayed ART treatment

The success in reducing global HIV prevalence rates is attributed to control measures like information and education campaigns (IECs), antiretroviral therapy (ART), and national, multinational and ...
Maternal depressive symptoms and the growth of child executive function: Mediation by maternal sensitivity.

This study examined the prospective associations among the trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and child executive function (EF) across early and middle childhood, and tested the mediating role of maternal sensitivity in the links between change in maternal depressive symptoms and the growth of child EF. Participants included 1,364 children and mothers from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD). We found that maternal depressive symptoms (from 6 months to Grade 5) and sensitivity (from 36 months to Grade 5) decreased, whereas child EF (planning skills; from Grade 1 to 5) increased over time. We also found several direct associations: (a) lower maternal depressive symptoms at 36 months predicted higher sensitivity at 54 months; (b) higher sensitivity at 54 months and a faster decrease in sensitivity from 36 months to Grade 5 predicted higher child EF in Grade 1; and (c) higher sensitivity at 54 months predicted greater growth of EF from Grade 1 to 5. In addition, two mediation effects were found as follows: Lower levels of maternal depressive symptoms at 36 months predicted both higher levels of child EF in Grade 1 and greater growth of EF from Grade 1 to 5 through higher levels of maternal sensitivity at 54 months. The results suggest that early maternal depressive symptoms may have long-term effects on the growth of EF, especially planning skills, during middle childhood, and that one important pathway that maternal depressive symptoms affect child EF outcomes through maternal sensitivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
COVID-19-related smell and taste disorders: A guide for nurses.

ABSTRACT: Olfactory impairment is recognized as a hallmark of COVID-19. This article highlights dysfunction of smell and taste associated with COVID-19 and discusses implications for nursing practice.
Databases, Health Assessment

Environmental issues – in particular questions about the relationship of environmental pollution to human and ecological health – are becoming more numerous and controversial. The ideal approach to assessing potential health risks from environmental exposure is to conduct well-designed, prospective, environmental, epidemiological studies. However, prospective epidemiological studies are difficult and expensive to undertake, and even retrospective studies can be prohibitively complex. Reliable environmental data are not easy to find and often they may not have been collected in a manner that makes then easy to use. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the major databases that have potential for providing data on environmental pollution as related to measures of human and ecological health.
Targeted Advertising and Price Discrimination in Intermediated Online Markets

Online tracking technologies (e.g. HTTP cookies) allow firms to engage in both targeted advertising and price discrimination. By adopting anonymizing technologies, consumers can prevent firms from tracking them. This paper analyzes firms’ pricing decisions and consumers’ adoption of anonymizing technologies in markets where advertising slots are sold by a two-sided intermediary. In equilibrium, firms engage in price discrimination and the introduction of tracking technologies is Pareto improving for consumers. Introducing behavioral consumers in the market imposes a negative externality on rational consumers and may completely overturn the welfare effects of the introduction of tracking technologies.
Visualizing the effects of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition and LDH-A genetic ablation in breast and lung cancer with hyperpolarized pyruvate NMR

In many tumors, cancer cells take up large quantities of glucose and metabolize it into lactate, even in the presence of sufficient oxygen to support oxidative metabolism. It has been hypothesized that this malignant metabolic phenotype supports cancer growth and metastasis, and that reversal of this so-called "Warburg effect" may selectively harm cancer cells. Conversion of glucose to lactate can be reduced by ablation or inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the enzyme responsible for conversion of pyruvate to lactate at the endpoint of glycolysis. Recently developed inhibitors of LDH provide new opportunities to investigate the role of this metabolic pathway in cancer. Here we show that magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized pyruvate and its metabolites in models of breast and lung cancer reveal that inhibition of LDH was readily visualized through reduction in label exchange between pyruvate and lactate, while genetic ablation of the LDH-A isoform alone had smaller effects. During the acute phase of LDH inhibition in breast cancer, no discernible bicarbonate signal was observed and small signals from alanine were unchanged.
Conclusion: Feminine Journeys of the Mahabharata

The conclusion provides the overarching themes examined in the book that pervade the roles of women in the Mahabharata as well as other classical texts. The feminine heroic and the feminine divine embedded in the multiple stories in the Mahabharata provide an opportunity to examine numerous unique journeys. The conclusion draws on previous chapters to project commonalities and unique aspects of the journeys of the feminine heroic as well as the feminine divine.
Correlated decision making across multiple phases of olfactory-guided search in Drosophila improves search efficiency

Nearly all motile organisms must search for food, often requiring multiple phases of exploration across heterogeneous environments. The fruit fly, Drosophila, has emerged as an effective model system for studying this behavior; however, little is known about the extent to which experiences at one point in their search might influence decisions in another. To investigate whether prior experiences impact flies' search behavior after landing, I tracked individually labelled fruit flies as they explored three odor-emitting but food-barren objects. I found two features of their behavior that are correlated with the distance they travel on foot. First, flies walked larger distances when they approached the odor source, which they were almost twice as likely to do when landing on the patch farthest downwind. Computational fluid dynamics simulations suggest this patch may have had a stronger baseline odor, but only ∼15% higher than the other two patches. This small increase, together with flies' high olfactory sensitivity, suggests that their flight trajectory used to approach the patches plays a role. Second, flies also walked larger distances when the time elapsed since their last visit was longer. However, the correlation is subtle and subject to a large degree of variability. Using agent-based models, I show that this small correlation can increase search efficiency by 25-50% across many scenarios. Furthermore, my models provide mechanistic hypotheses explaining the variability through either a noisy or stochastic decision-making process. Surprisingly, these stochastic decision-making algorithms enhance search efficiency in challenging but realistic search scenarios compared with deterministic strategies.
Electrostatic tip effects in scanning probe microscopy of nanostructures

Electrical scanning probe microscopies (SPM) use ultrasharp metallic tips to obtain nanometer spatial resolution and are a key tool for characterizing nanoscale semiconducting materials and systems. However, these tips are not passive probes; their high work functions can induce local band bending whose effects depend sensitively on the local geometry and material properties and thus are inherently difficult to quantify. We use sequential finite element simulations to first explore the magnitude and spatial distribution of charge reorganization due to tip-induced band bending (TIBB) for planar and nanostructured geometries. We demonstrate that tip-induced depletion and accumulation of carriers can be significantly modified in confined geometries such as nanowires compared to a bulk planar response. This charge reorganization is due to finite size effects that arise as the nanostructure size approaches the Debye length, with significant implications for a range of SPM techniques. We then use the reorganized charge distribution from our model to describe experimentally measured quantities, using in operando scanning microwave impedance microscopy measurements on axial p-i-n silicon nanowire devices as a specific example. By incorporating TIBB, we reveal that our experimentally observed enhancement (absence) of contrast at the p-i (i-n) junction is explained by the tip-induced accumulation (depletion) of carriers at the interface. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of TIBB is critical for an accurate interpretation of electrical SPM measurements, and is especially important for weakly screening or low-doped materials, as well as the complex doping patterns and confined geometries commonly encountered in nanoscale systems.
Management Qualifications Is Very Important for Society

Management is very important for one society.with out qualifications devlopment is not possible.
Original contributionSmall adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction: association with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia

OBJECTIVES: Intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s esophagus predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Intestinal metaplasia of the cardia is a common finding in persons without cancer. Many adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction are large enough to obliterate any underlying intestinal metaplasia. To estimate how often adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction arises in intestinal metaplasia, we studied small adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction. METHODS: Resection patients had adenocarcinomas 2 cm or smaller, within 2 cm of the esophagogastric junction. Age- and sex-matched controls had resection for squamous carcinoma. Saved and new histological slides from the esophagogastric junction were examined, with additional stains. RESULTS: Intestinal metaplasia was found in 86% (19/22) of adenocarcinoma cases, versus 32% (7/22) of controls (p < 0.001). Intestinal metaplasia with high or low grade dysplasia was associated with 64% (14/22) of adenocarcinomas and with 5% (1/22) of controls (p < 0.001). Excluding four cases with long and three with short Barrett’s esophagus, 80% (12/15) of adenocarcinomas had associated intestinal metaplasia, 53% (8/15) with dysplasia. Most adenocarcinoma cases had the incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia with a Barrett type cytokeratin 7/20 staining pattern. Helicobacter pylori were seen in one adenocarcinoma and five control cases. CONCLUSIONS: Most adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction arise in the background of intestinal metaplasia, sometimes in an endoscopically visible Barrett’s esophagus, more often in small areas of intestinal metaplasia of the cardia. In cases of adenocarcinoma, the intestinal metaplasia resembled that found in Barrett’s esophagus, and was not associated with H. pylori.
On the role of ATP hydrolysis in RecA protein-mediated DNA strand exchange. I. Bypassing a short heterologous insert in one DNA substrate.

RecA protein promotes a substantial DNA strand exchange reaction in the presence of adenosine 5'-O-3-(thio)triphosphate (ATP gamma S) (Menetski, J.P., Bear, D.G., and Kowalczykowski, S.C. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 21-25), calling into question the role of ATP hydrolysis in the strand exchange reaction. Here, we demonstrate that the ATP gamma S-mediated reaction can go to completion when the duplex DNA substrate is only 1.3 kilobase pairs in length. The ATP gamma S-mediated reaction, however, is completely blocked by a 52-base pair heterologous insertion in either DNA substrate. This same barrier is readily bypassed when ATP replaces ATP gamma S. This indicates that at least one function of recA-mediated ATP hydrolysis is to bypass structural barriers in one or both DNA substrates during strand exchange. This suggests that ATP hydrolysis is directly coupled to the branch migration phase of strand exchange, not to promote strand exchange between homologous DNA substrates during recombination, but instead to facilitate the bypass of structural barriers likely to be encountered during recombinational DNA repair.
The Age-Dependent Process: Markov Case

This chapter is devoted to the use of time-continuous branching process with exponential life-time distributions. This process also has the Markov property and is closely related to the Galton–Watson process. The exponential distribution to model lifetimes of particles is not well motivated by any biological assumptions. Indeed, the exponential distribution admits lifetimes which are arbitrarily close to 0, while it is known that life cycles of organisms and cells have lower bounds of durations, which are greater than 0. The advantage of using the exponential distribution is that it leads, in many cases, to computable expressions. These expressions allow one to deduce properties which can then be conjectured for more general models.
A New E.R.A. or a New Era? Amendment Advocacy and the Reconstitution of Feminism

Scholars have largely treated the reintroduction of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) after its ratification failure in 1982 as a mere postscript to a long, hard-fought, and ultimately unsuccessful campaign to enshrine women’s legal equality in the federal constitution. This Article argues that “ERA II” was instead an important turning point in the history of legal feminism and of constitutional amendment advocacy. Whereas ERA I had once attracted broad bipartisan support, ERA II was a partisan political weapon exploited by advocates at both ends of the ideological spectrum. But ERA II also became a vehicle for feminist reinvention. Congressional consideration of ERA II forced feminists to rethink their objectives and strategies, and ultimately to reconstruct their legal and political agendas. Having achieved the eradication of most of the overt sex-based classifications that had been ERA I’s primary targets, amendment proponents focused on developing a coherent doctrinal approach to laws and policies that exerted a disproportionately negative impact on women. As they attempted to negotiate the competing demands of their own aspirations and a political climate hostile to the creation of new rights, women’s rights advocates confronted thorny constitutional questions, including the relationship between the ERA and abortion, private institutions, and affirmative action. The campaign for ERA II set the stage for a new phase in American legal feminism: one which aspired to substantive equality, recognized the limitations of amendment advocacy, and eschewed the expedient separation of reproductive freedom from constitutional sex equality. ERA II not only epitomized the scope and limitations of feminists’ success in transforming the law and of constitutional amendment advocacy as an instrument of change, but also laid the groundwork for a new era in feminist constitutionalism.
Anonymity and covert channels in simple timed mix-firewalls

Traditional methods for evaluating the amount of anonymity afforded by various Mix configurations have depended on either measuring the size of the set of possible senders of a particular message (the anonymity set size), or by measuring the entropy associated with the probability distribution of the messages possible senders. This paper explores further an alternative way of assessing the anonymity of a Mix system by considering the capacity of a covert channel from a sender behind the Mix to an observer of the Mix's output. Initial work considered a simple model, with an observer (Eve) restricted to counting the number of messages leaving a Mix configured as a firewall guarding an enclave with one malicious sender (Alice) and some other naive senders (Cluelessi's). Here, we consider the case where Eve can distinguish between multiple destinations, and the senders can select to which destination their message (if any) is sent each clock tick.
Training for Generalization and Maintenance in RtI Implementation: Front‐Loading for Sustainability

Response to Intervention (RtI) is being implemented as a new initiative in PK-12 schools with increasing frequency. However, the model must be sustained at the school level, which is potentially difficult due to a number of challenges brought about by systems change. This article applied the Stokes and Baer (1977) framework for programming for generalization and maintenance of behavior change to suggest specific activities in which schools could engage to better ensure RtI sustainability. We specifically discussed ways to (1) introduce to natural maintaining contingencies, (2) train with sufficient exemplars, (3) train loosely, (4) program common stimuli, (5) mediate generalization, and (6) train to generalize. Directions for future research are included.
Characterization of Quanta Image Sensor Pump-Gate Jots With Deep Sub-Electron Read Noise

Characterization of quanta image sensor pixels with deep sub-electron read noise is reported. Pixels with conversion gain of $423\mu \text{V}$ /e- and read noise as low as 0.22e- r.m.s. were measured. Dark current is 0.1e-/s at room temperature, and lag less than 0.1e-. This is one of the first works reporting detailed characterization of image sensor pixels with mean signals from sub-electron (0.25e-) to a few electrons level. Such pixels in a nearly-conventional CMOS image sensor process will allow realization of photon-counting image sensors for a variety of applications.
SiGe single-hole transistor fabricated by AFM oxidation and epitaxial regrowth

In this paper, we report a new method for the fabrication of Si-based quantum dot devices with an all low-energy patterning process based on AFM lithography (to avoid defects from e-beam and RIE) and Si/SiGe heterojunctions with epitaxial regrowth to confine holes in three-dimensions. A single-hole transistor, which is the first reported SiGe quantum device with heterojunction passivation/carrier confinement, shows remarkably clean Coulomb blockade oscillations.
Consequences of host plant chemical and physical variability to an associated herbivore

The effects of watering and fertilizer treatments on the vigor and biochemistry of the willow,Salix lasiolepis, and subsequent colonization and survivorship of its gallforming herbivore,Euura lasiolepsis, were investigated in two field experiments. Some plants received low (LW), intermediate (MW) or high (HW) levels of water as treatments, while others received no (OF), low (LF) or high (HF) fertilizer levels. In the watering experiment, plant protein concentrations decreased, while growth rate and number of galls per plant increased with increased water treatments. Plant growth proved to be the best correlate of sawfly attack. Sawfly survivorship increased slightly with greater watering, and phenol concentrations showed no pattern among treatments. In the fertilization experiment, leaf protein increased with fertilization, although shoot length, number of galls and survivorship ofE. lasiolepis survivorship were greatest in intermediate treatment plants. In both experiments, plant growth, rather than protein or phenol levels, was the best predictor of sawfly attack and survivorship.
Blue Ribbon Abstract Award, New Investigator Award: Reduction of the Central Venous Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infection Rate in a Neurological/Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit

Abstract BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In 2002, routine surveillance of a 20-bed neurological/neurosurgical intensive care unit (NNICU) at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1442-bed tertiary care university hospital, revealed a mean central venous catheter (CVC) bloodstream infection (BSI) rate of 9.9 infections per 1000 CVC days. This was higher than the 2002 National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System pooled mean of 4.7/1000 CVC days. CVC BSIs are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates and prolonged hospital stay. Risk factors for CVC BSI include breaks in aseptic technique during CVC insertion or site care and non-occlusive dressings. In accordance with evidence-based guidelines, interventions relating to hand hygiene, strict aseptic CVC insertion techniques, and meticulous CVC site care were implemented to lower the CVC–associated BSI rate. METHODS: The population consisted of NNICU patients with a CVC placed during their hospital stay which developed a CVC–associated BSI greater than 48 hours post insertion. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definitions for primary CVC–associated nosocomial BSI were used. During January–March 2003, staff participated in a mandatory educational program focusing on CDC hand hygiene recommendations and encouraging use of alcohol foam. In March 2003, use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was implemented for CVC insertion and site care, and incoming residents began receiving a self-study module on prevention of CVC–associated BSIs. RESULTS: Twenty-six primary BSIs occurred in 2699 catheter days during January–December, 2002 (9.9 BSI/1000CVC days). Primary BSIs decreased to thirteen in 2796 catheter days during January–December, 2003 (4.6 BSI/1000CVC days), a decrease of 54% (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions focusing on hand hygiene and aseptic technique for CVC insertion and site care, combined with implementation of CHG for CVC insertion and site care, successfully lowered the rate of CVC–associated BSIs in a NNICU.
An expert system for the interpretation of radionuclide ventilation-perfusion lung scans

One of the most commonly performed imaging procedures in nuclear medicine is the lung scan for suspected pulmonary embolism. The purpose of this research was to develop an expert system that interprets lung scans and gives a probability of pulmonary embolism. Three standard ventilation and eight standard perfusion images are first outlined manually. Then the images are normalized. Because lung size varies from patient to patient, each image undergoes a two-dimensional stretch onto a standard-size mask. To determine the presence of regional defects in ventilation or perfusion, images are then compared on a pixel by pixel basis with a normal database. This database consists of 21 normal studies that represent the variation in activity between subjects. Any pixel that falls more than 2.2 standard deviations below the normal file is flagged as possibly abnormal. To reduce statistical fluctuations, a clustering criteria is applied such that each pixel must have at least two continuous neighbors that are abnormal for a pixel to be flagged abnormal.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Polymer Gel Templating of Free-Standing Inorganic Monoliths for Photocatalysis

We have developed a simple, low-cost process to fabricate free-standing porous metal oxide monoliths. Various swollen polymers and hydrogels possessing an open network structure are infiltrated with pure liquid metal alkoxide. Hydrolysis followed by chemical or thermal degradation of the polymer leads to bulk porous monoliths, TiO2 and SiO2 as initial examples. The titania solids were subsequently employed as photocatalysts under UV light and monitored for adsorption. The materials show efficient reusable photocatalytic ability as compared to pure-phase nanoparticle titanium oxide.
Physical and Radiative Properties of Arctic Atmospheric Aerosols

Atmospheric aerosols sampled in the Arctic basin by impactors have been analyzed for the total aerosol and its black carbon fraction. The mass of black carbon aerosol in the lower troposphere is one percent (1 g black carbon in 100 g total aerosol), reduced to one part in 10(exp 4) in the stratosphere. The aerosol single scatter albedos vary between 1.0 in the stratosphere, currently dominated by high light scattering due to Pinatubo volcanic aerosol, and 0.94 in the lower troposphere. The aerosol has the potential to regionally warm the earth-atmosphere system because of the high surface albedo of snow-covered surfaces in the Arctic.
Amino acid and alpha-keto acid-induced hyperinsulinism in the leucine-sensitive type of infantile and childhood hypoglycemia.

Summary 1. Studies on 2 patients with leucine-induced “idiopathic” hypoglycemia showed that l -isoleucine also caused a striking fall in the concentration of blood glucose. d -leucine, l -valine, l -alanine, dl -threonine, and l -glycine did not have a significant effect. 2. The α-keto acid analogue of leucine, α-ketoisocaproic acid, induced hypoglycemia when injected intravenously but not its metabolite isovaleric acid. Its action was less effective orally. Pyruvic acid and α-ketoisovaleric acid failed to elicit a similar response. 3. No evidence of a defect in amino acid or α-keto acid metabolism was found, nor of a direct effect of leucine on glycolysis in whole blood. 4. It was shown that leucine caused increased peripheral utilization of glucose, suggesting an insulin-like action. Direct determinations of plasma insulin indicated a sharp rise in circulating insulin following the administration of leucine. 5. It is concluded that l -leucine, l -isoleucine, and their keto acid analogues induce an increase in the concentration of plasma insulin irrespective of the blood glucose level, an effect which may be attributed to their direct action on the mechanism of insulin secretion.
Solubility of Various Sulfonamides in N-Alkanols I. Effect of Polarity and Temperature

AbstractThe solubilities of several sulfonamides were studied at three temperatures over a wide spectrum of polarity of normal alcohols. The sulfonamides chosen for study were sulfasoxaeole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfasomidine and sulfadiazine and their solubility behavior in various alcohols such ae methanol through 1-decanol at 25°. 30° and 37°.Solubility in alcohols was found to increase with temperature and the rank order of solubility at any temperature wae found to be in the general order of sulfasoxizole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfasomidine and sulfadiaeine. Solubility was found to be highest in methanol and diminished with increasing chain length of the alcohol.The solubility magnitude for several of the sulfonamides gave an interesting reversal in 1-decanol and all the results obtained are discussed further in this communication.
Costs and benefits of interim managerial assignments in an academic library

Examines several interim managerial appointments at Utah State University Libraries during the period 2000‐2002. Standard practices as illustrated in the literature of librarianship, education and business are compared with the actual experiences of nine individuals at the Utah State University. Costs and benefits to the organisation and to the employee are delineated.
The effect of maternal height on birth weight and birth length.

Abstract This retrospective study examined the gestational age at which differences were observed between birth weights and birth lengths of infants whose mothers differed by height. Infants whose gestational ages were between 24 and 42 weeks born to women 59–62 inches (150–157 cm) tall were compared to similar infants born to women 66–69 inches (168–175 cm) tall. Significant differences occurred in birth weight and birth length from 35 weeks onward. The infants of the shorter women were symmetrically smaller than the infants of the taller women as the infant ponderal indexes did not differ.
Solar power for an Antarctic rover

Sensors mounted on mobile robots could serve a variety of science missions in Antarctica. Although weather conditions can be harsh, Antarctic snowfields offer unique conditions to facilitate long-distance robot deployment: the absence of obstacles, firm snow with high albedo, and 24 h sunlight during the summer. We have developed a four-wheel-drive, solar-powered rover that capitalizes on these advantages. Analyses and field measurements confirm that solar power reflected from Antarctic snow contributes 30–40% of the power available to a robot consisting of a five-side box of solar panels. Mobility analyses indicate that the 80 kg rover can move at 0·8 m s−1 during clear sky conditions on firm snow into a 5 m s−1 headwind, twice the speed needed to achieve the design target of 500 km in 2 weeks. Local winter tests of the chassis demonstrated good grade-climbing ability and lower than predicted rolling resistance. Tests of the completed robot occurred in Greenland in 2005. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cohabitation and Repartnering among Low-Income Black Mothers.

Serial cohabitation has increased dramatically in the U.S., especially in the low-income Black population. The purpose of the study is to understand cohabiting and co-parenting relationships among unmarried cohabiting low-income urban Black families on their own terms, identifying the strengths, challenges, and unique needs of these families. Though cohabitation patterns varied widely, most participants had extensive periods living without a partner. This finding provides more support for the unbalanced marriage markets explanation than the serial cohabitation explanation. Indeed, most participants’ children (83%) had none or only one resident father prior to the current cohabitation. Implications for having a new resident father and child development are discussed.
Impurity Band Conduction Detectors for Astronomy

An overview of the three major types of impurity band conduction (IBC) detectors — Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detector, Solid State Photomultiplier (SSPM) and Visible Light Photon Counter (VLPC) — pioneered by Rockwell is presented. Key functional features, level of developmental maturity and applications to astronomy are described.
Effect of sodseeding method on ryegrass-clover mixtures for grazing beef animals.

(...) A 2-yr study evaluating the effect of sodseeding method and ryegrass-clover mixtures on forage production, animal performance, and economics of sodseeded winter pastures for growing beef animals was conducted. (...)
Amperometric enzyme-immunosensor based on ferrocene-mediated amplification

Abstract Coimmobilized glucose oxidase and anti-T4 antiserum are employed in the construction of a biosensor for thyroxine measurements. The resulting enzyme-immunosensor yields an amplified response to T4 with a detection limit of 15 nM.
Reproductive Performance of Inbred Congenic Leghorns Carrying Different Haplotypes for the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Abstract Twelve congenic lines of White Leghorn chickens carrying distinct haplotypes of the MHC (B blood group) but sharing a common genetic background from a highly inbred line (UCD 003) were compared. Each of the lines had been bred back to Line UCD 003 for five generations before intercrossing its members to establish its distinct genetically homozygous MHC type. Seven generations of these congenic lines were compared between 1981 and 1987 for fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, egg production, mortality to 40 wk of age, 40-wk egg weight, and 40-wk body weight. Statistically significant differences between MHC haplotypes were found for all traits except fertility.
Assessment of the “Fish Tumors or Other Deformities” Beneficial Use Impairment in Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus): I. Orocutaneous Tumors

The “fish tumor or other deformities” beneficial use impairment (BUI) occurs at 9 of the 12 areas of concern (AOC) on Lake Erie. As point sources are mitigated and remediation occurs, AOC are faced with determining delisting criteria. The lack of standardized analyses for this BUI has confounded that process. For orocutaneous tumors, different criteria (presumptive tumors and/or abnormal barbels) and methodology (gross versus microscopic observations) have been used. Hence, this project evaluated tumors at numerous AOC and non-AOC sites and compared methodology. In 1998–2000 the prevalence of presumptive orocutaneous tumors and barbel abnormalities was compared in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected at eight AOC. The Black (46.7%), Buffalo (29.3%), Cuyahoga (58.9%), and Detroit (26.5%) rivers and Presque Isle Bay (28.6%) had high prevalences of orocutaneous tumors, while the Niagara (10%), Maumee (3.9%) and Ashtabula (4.4%) rivers were lower. From 2002 to 2007 the prevalence of orocutaneous tumors at Presque Isle Bay was consistently near 30%. A variety of non-AOC sites, as potential reference sites, were also monitored during this time. By combining years and sites the prevalence of orocutaneous tumors in bullhead (age 2–12 years) at inland lakes was 6.3%, at Long Point Inner Bay was 8.7%, at other bays and harbors was 14.6% and at tributary sites was 12.5%. Overall, 93% of the raised lesions identified as presumptive tumors grossly were verified as neoplasms microscopically. The prevalence of orocutaneous tumors increased with age at both Presque Isle Bay and Long Point Inner Bay, the sites with the largest sample sizes.
Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Continuing Care Retirement Communities

This study examines the relationships between health-related quality of life and activity engagement among residents in two continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs). Prior research indicates ...
Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the synthesis and turnover of myelin lipid

The metabolism of myelin glycerophospholipids as a function of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency was studied in rats. Mothers were fed a lipid-free diet from the eighth day of pregnancy throughout the suckling period. Pups were continued on the diet after weaning. Control mothers and pups were fed the same diet as experimental rats plus 3% corn oil for the same periods. Pups fed the lipid-free diet had lower total body weight, brain weight, and total myelin phospholipid levels than controls. At 17 days of age, each rat pup was injected with a mixture of [3H]-glycerol and [1-14C]-acetate and were killed up to 80 days after injection. Lipids were extracted from isolated myelin. The 3H/14C ratio for choline, serine, and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids decreased more slowly in experimental rats than in controls, suggesting an alteration in either the turnover of myelin phospholipids or the recycling of phospholipids into myelin. Radiolabelled acyl moieties were isolated from myelin lipids and separated according to the degree of unsaturation. Acyl groups with three double bonds, presumably 20:3 (ω−9), isolated from EFA-deficient rats appeared to be synthesized from a long-lived pool of precursor. The relative synthesis of other unsaturated acyl moieties appeared to be the same in both groups of rats. These results indicate that EFA deficiency affects myelin metabolism.
Effects of long contact times of misonidazole on attached Chinese hamster V79 cells.

Abstract The 2-nitroimidazole misonidazole, an hypoxic cell radiation sensitizer, has been shown to be cytotoxic to attached oxic Chinese hamster V79 cells after high doses and long contact times. This killing effect is enhanced if BrdU is incorporated into chromosomes. It was found that misonidazole slows cell progression through the cell cycle and that those cells that move into mitosis carry very few chromosomal aberrations suggesting that the majority of cells are dying in interphase. The level of induced SCEs both in 2nd and 3rd division cells was comparatively slight; being always less than twice the control level although there was an indication of an increased incidence with dose. Since human exposure to misonidazole will only be at low concentrations, these results imply that misonidazole is a comparatively safe agent, particularly when its effects are contrasted with those of other chemotherapeutic agents.
Secretion and Clearance Rates of Glucagon in Dairy Cows

Abstract Eight Holstein cows were sampled to examine plasma concentrations of hormones and some energy related metabolites. Sampling was every hour for 12h at about 2 wk prepartum, at 3 wk postpartum, during an energy restriction ketonemia, and after a recovery period. Cows were fed ad libitum except for four cows induced into ketonemia by restricting feed intake 50%. Pulse doses of glucagon were injected intravenously during each period. Feed restriction increased concentrations of growth hormone, acetoacetate, β -hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids in blood plasma. Concentrations of insulin and glucose showed some tendencies to decrease. Distribution space and turnover rate of glucagon were not different between periods, and pool size was increased in the dry period. Metabolic clearance rate of glucagon was not significantly different between periods. Insulin and glucose concentrations were increased 1 to 2min after injection of glucagon and remained increased for 25min. Co variance analysis showed that glucagon injection caused glucose concentration to increase proportionally in all periods, suggesting that cows had equal gluconeogenic capacity in all periods. Basal concentration, pool size, and secretion rate of glucagon showed some tendency to be decreased during ketonemia.
Formation of Axon to Myocyte Contacts in Drosophila Cell Cultures

Cultures of Drosophila embryonic cells offer new opportunities for studying myoneural junctions. In culture, neuroblasts and myoblasts differentiate and yield neurons and myocytes. Some axons grow across the surface of the culture vessel and attach to myocytes, forming functional myoneural junctions. Therefore, all stages in junction formation may be examined in vitro under conditions where pharmacological, electrophysiological, and other commonplace approaches are facilitated. This method offers an additional, most powerful approach for studying the junctions, that of genetic analysis. Drosophila mutations may be sought which affect junction formation and function. Altered cells and junctions from mutants may then be compared to those from wild-type animals in order to dissect the gene-directed steps underlying junction phenomena.
Remediation and student success in CIS programs

This retrospective study of the performance of Computer Information Systems (CIS) students from between 1987 and 2010 found evidence that remedial math, reading, and writing courses can significantly increase student mean GPA, persistence, and completion in a CIS program. Remediation was most effective when verbal as well as mathematical deficiencies were addressed, and the performance of fully remediated students was indistinguishable as a group from students not requiring remediation.
Liouville equations for neutrino distribution matrices

The classical notion of a single-particle scalar distribution function or phase space density can be generalized to a matrix in order to accommodate superpositions of states of discrete quantum numbers, such as neutrino mass/flavor. Such a ``neutrino distribution matrix'' is thus an appropriate construct to describe a neutrino gas that may vary in space as well as time and in which flavor mixing competes with collisions. The Liouville equations obeyed by relativistic neutrino distribution matrices, including the spatial derivative and vacuum flavor mixing terms, can be explicitly but elegantly derived in two new ways: from a covariant version of the familiar simple model of flavor mixing, and from the Klein-Gordon equations satisfied by a quantum ``density function'' (mean value of paired quantum field operators). Associated with the latter derivation is a case study in how the joint position/momentum dependence of a classical gas (albeit with Fermi statistics) emerges from a formalism built on quantum fields.
Subcritical crack growth of glassy carbon in water

Abstract The subcritical crack growth characteristics of glassy carbons in water were measured and are correlated with their elastic moduli. It is observed that the susceptibility to fatigue varies inversely with the elastic modulus, which is directly related to the crack growth parameter N. Crack propagation characteristics of glassy carbons are compared with those of silicate glasses and amorphous metals.
Effects of Abscisic Acid on Phenolic Content and Lignin Biosynthesis in Tobacco Tissue Culture

A significant depression of callus growth resulted from low concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) added to the medium recommended by Linsmaier and Skoog. Low concentrations also decreased the chlorogenic acid and lignin content of the callus, and generally decreased amounts of scopolin and scopoletin in the tissue. Gibberellic acid (GA3) stimulated callus growth in a low concentration (0.1 mg/1) and inhibited growth at a high concentration (10.0 mg/1). Both levels of GA3 increased scopoletin accumulation in tobacco callus. A high concentration of GA3 increased the accumulation of scopolin and chlorogenic acids, whereas a low concentration decreased the amounts of these two phenolic compounds. In comparison with the control, lignin synthesis was stimulated by a low GA3 concentration, but a high GA3 concentration did not have a significant effect. Both low and high concentrations of GA3 overcame ABA inhibition of growth and lignin synthesis, and partially reversed ABA inhibition of scopoletin production. However, GA3 did not reverse the inhibitory effect of ABA on scopolin production. The low concentration of GA3 overcame the inhibition of chlorogenic acid production resulting from a 0.01 mg/1 concentration of ABA, but this was the only reversal of chlorogenic acid inhibition resulting from addition of GA3 to the medium.
Long-Term Forecasting of Death in the Neonatal ICU using Heart Rate Characteristics Monitoring and Clinical Data

Long-Term Forecasting of Death in the Neonatal ICU using Heart Rate Characteristics Monitoring and Clinical Data
Model simulations of rainout and washout from a warm stratiform cloud

A one-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model with parameterized microphysics is used to investigate the processes which control the rainout and washout of soluble gases from warm, precipitating stratiform clouds. Calculations are presented simulating the distributions of soluble species within and below the cloud layer and in the precipitating raindrops as a function of time and species' solubility. Calculations indicate that for species with low solubility, wet removal processes are relatively slow and thus do not significantly affect the species' gas-phase abundance. As a result, the removal of low-solubility species by rainout and washout is controlled by thermodynamic processes with the concentration of the species in cloud and rainwater largely determined by the species' solubility. For highly soluble species on the other hand, dissolution into cloud droplets and removal in rain is quite rapid and the abundance of highly soluble species within and below the cloud falls rapidly as soon as the precipitation begins.
RECENT (1973) IMPROVEMENTS IN THE NAVY NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM

Removal of the pole wander (Chandler wobble) as a source of bias in the Transit Navigation System has improved the precision available to a stationary user (surveyor). The precision associated with the mean of several (say 20) combined passes should be less than 5 meters. The dominant items in the error budget will remain (for a land-based user) uncertainty in the satellite position and instrumentation errors. For an at-sea, non-stationary user; the errors are much larger and (still) dominated by uncertainties in the user's motion; typically 400 meters/knot of navigator's velocity error. The changes discussed here will not alter this situation in any way. We discuss, herein, just how the polar motion is accounted for in the system. No changes are required of any user's hardware or computer programs. The benefits accrue to him (or her) automatically via an improved precision ephemeris in the satellite which now contains the polar motion implicitly. The improvement will be implemented on Dec. 15, 1973. The Transit Coordinate System is reviewed and the recent performance (accuracy) of the system described.
Leak-tight piezoelectric microvalve for high-pressure gas micropropulsion

This paper describes the results of our development of a leak-tight piezoelectric microvalve, operating at extremely high upstream pressures for microspacecraft applications. The device is a normally closed microvalve assembled and fabricated primarily from micromachined silicon wafers. The microvalve consists of a custom-designed piezoelectric stack actuator bonded onto silicon valve components (such as the seat, boss, and tether) with the entire assembly contained within a stainless steel housing. The valve seat configurations include narrow-edge seating rings and tensile-stressed silicon tethers that enable the desired, normally closed, leak-tight operation. Leak testing of the microvalve was conducted using a helium leak detector and showed leak rates of 5/spl times/10/sup -3/ sccm at 800 psi (5.516 MPa). Dynamic microvalve operation (switching rates of up to 1 kHz) was successfully demonstrated for inlet pressures in the range of 0/spl sim/1000 psi. The measured static flow rate for the microvalve under an applied potential of 10 V was 52 sccm at an inlet pressure of 300 psi. The measured power consumption, in the fully open state, was 3 mW at an applied potential of 30 V. The measured dynamic power consumption was 180 mW for 100 Hz continuous operation at 100psi.
CHEMOSENSITIZATION OF BLADDER CARCINOMA CELLS BY BCL-xL ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES

Purpose: We investigated antisense inhibition of anti-apoptotic bcl-xL and bcl-2 proteins to increase chemosensitization in the T24 and 5637 bladder carcinoma cell lines.Materials and Methods: A T24 bladder carcinoma cell line stably over expressing bcl-xL protein was constructed. Apoptosis by cytotoxic agents was estimated by cell cycle analysis and Annexin V binding. To eliminate bcl-xL expression T24 and 5637 cells were treated with C5-propynylated and 2′-O-methylribo-oligonucleotides. Levels of protein and messenger RNA were measured by Western and Northern blot analysis. Cell viability after combined treatment with oligonucleotides and various cytotoxic agents was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and evaluated statistically by Student’s 2-sample t test.Results: Forced over expression of bcl-xL protein desensitized the T24 bladder carcinoma cell line to cytotoxic agents. C5-propynylated and 2′-O-methylribo-oligonucleotides down-regulated bcl-xL protein exp...