cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the isolation of a new virus from ulcerative colitis patients. Comparison with virus derived from Crohn's disease.

To assess the possible role of viral infection in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and of Crohn's disease (CD), electron-microscopic, physical, and chemical studies were performed on viral agents cultivated in tissue culture following inoculation with surgical specimens obtained from patients with CD, UC, and from control patients with other gastrointestinal diseases. Viral isolates obtained from CD patients were compared with those from UC patients. Each of the agents produced cytopathic change (CPE) in the tissue culture systems used, rabbit ileum (RI), Peking duck, and Riff free chick embryo, and had similar physical and chemical properties including ether resistance, temperature stability, and lack of inhibition by methotrexate. The three tissue culture systems supported viral growth and produced virus-like particles from CD filtrates with similar morphologic appearance, including a central core and an outer coat. Electron-microscopic studies revealed that the particle from CD has a diameter of 60 nm (range 42–71 nm). The agent isolated from UC patients also has a mean particle diameter of 60 nm (range 45–75 nm). The CD and UC agents produced different CPE in RI tissue culture. Agents different from CD-and UC-derived viruses were isolated from one patient with necrotizing enterocolitis and from three patients with carcinoma of the colon. Ileal homogenates of other control patients failed to reveal evidence of viral contaminants and evaluation of the tissue culture systems revealed no adventitious agents. Virus was found in diseased as well as in adjacent histologically normal CD tissue. Guinea pig antibody prepared against CD-derived agents inhibited the growth of each of the CD agents but not of the agents from UC, necrotizing enterocolitis, or colon carcinoma. Antibody directed against the agents from UC failed to inhibit growth of the agents from CD, necrotizing enterocolitis, or colon carcinoma. The current studies therefore suggest that a virus has now been cultivated from UC patients which produced CPE different from the viruses previously cultivated from CD patients and which lacks cross-reactivity with the CD derived virus. Since each filtrate produced viruses in the three different tissue culture systems, these viruses are not tissue culture contaminants but are derived from the human filtrates. These studies also suggest an association between viruses and inflammatory bowel disease but do not establish an etiologic relationship.
The level-rank duality for non-abelian theta functions

We prove that the strange duality conjecture of Beauville–Donagi–Tu holds for all curves. We establish first a more extended level-rank duality, interesting in its own right, from which the standard level-rank duality follows by restriction.
Biobehavioral analysis of tension headaches: an interactional hypothesis

Abstract Muscle tension headaches are considered from an interactional perspective. Reviewing patient reports indicates the symptoms as appearing in stressful contexts. Increased muscle tension is often a concomitant response of the body to stressful situations. The problem has been to understand the specific pathological response of certain muscle groups of the head, neck, shoulders and upper back. Interpersonal behavior, when regarded for properties of social signaling, resolves the problem. Interrupted or frustrated sequences of behavior can then be seen to lead to the dysponetic activity which is labeled tension headache. A specific sequence, that of the eyebrow flash of recognition, is used to illustrate the origin of a frontalis headache. This model implies a need for a psychological component in treatment of chronic tension headaches, and may be extended to related psychogenic disorders.
Effects of Retinal Eccentricity on the Lateralized Processing of Categorical and Coordinate Spatial Relations

Kosslyn's (1987) hypothesized cerebral hemispheric asymmetries for processing categorical and coordinate spatial relations were explored, using stimuli presented at varying degrees of retinal eccentricity. Thirty-three adult males performed hemifield reaction-time tasks requiring categorical or coordinate judgments. The hypothesized asymmetries were observed when stimuli were presented at 3° of visual angle, but not at 1 or 9°. Nevertheless, correlational analyses supported the existence of separate neural subsystems for categorical and coordinate processing. The results suggest that the model accurately predicts performance asymmetries only under specific conditions.
Nano-Biophotonics: new tools for chemical nano-analytics

The nondestructive chemical analysis of biological processes in the crowded intracellular environment, at cellular membranes, and between cells with a spatial resolution well beyond the diffraction limit is made possible through Nano-Biophotonics. A number of sophisticated schemes employing nanoparticles, nano-apertures, or shaping of the probe volume in the far field have significantly extended our knowledge about lipid rafts, macromolecular complexes, such as chromatin, vesicles, and cellular organelles, and their interactions and trafficking within the cell. Here, I review some of the most recent developments in Nano-Biophotonics that already are or soon will become relevant to the analysis of intracellular processes. The pros and cons of the various techniques will be discussed and an outlook of their prospects for the near future will be provided.
An examination of socio‐culturally specific stress and coping factors on smoking status among African American women

Smoking cessation is critical to reduce the health disparate status of African American (AA) women, however studies reveal that AA women are less likely to quit. Socio-culturally congruent research is needed that provides explanations as to why AA women choose to smoke in order to develop appropriate cessation interventions for this population. The purpose of the study was to determine whether socio-cultural stress and coping factors influence smoking among AA women. One hundred ninety-eight AA females completed the John Henry Scale for Active Coping, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Index of Race-Related Stress, and an investigator-developed demographic and smoking survey. Significant associations between frequency of race-related stress events and perceived general stress (p < 0.001) and between perceived general stress and smoking status were found (p < 0.001). In addition, the socio-demographic variables of marital status, income, and education were found to moderate the association between general stress and smoking status. Specifically, the association between general stress and smoking status was stronger for women who were less educated, had lower incomes, and were single. Stress is a contributor to smoking among AA women and particular socio-cultural factors may account for stress and should be addressed in future smoking intervention programs for AA women. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein kinase C and rho activated coiled coil protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) modulate Alzheimer's APP metabolism and phosphorylation of the Vps10-domain protein, SorL1

Generation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is differentially regulated through the intracellular trafficking of the amyloid β precursor protein (APP) within the secretory and endocytic pathways. Protein kinase C (PKC) and rho-activated coiled-coil kinases (ROCKs) are two "third messenger" signaling molecules that control the relative utilization of these two pathways. Several members of the Vps family of receptors (Vps35, SorL1, SorCS1) play important roles in post-trans-Golgi network (TGN) sorting and generation of APP derivatives, including Aβ at the TGN, endosome and the plasma membrane. We now report that Vps10-domain proteins are candidate substrates for PKC and/or ROCK2 and act as phospho-state-sensitive physiological effectors for post-TGN sorting of APP and its derivatives. Analysis of the SorL1 cytoplasmic tail revealed multiple consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinases. SorL1 was subsequently identified as a phosphoprotein, based on sensitivity of its electrophoretic migration pattern to calf intestine alkaline phosphatase and on its reaction with anti-phospho-serine antibodies. Activation of PKC resulted in increased shedding of the ectodomains of both APP and SorL1, and this was paralleled by an apparent increase in the level of the phosphorylated form of SorL1. ROCK2, the neuronal isoform of another protein kinase, was found to form complexes with SorL1, and both ROCK2 inhibition and ROCK2 knockdown enhanced generation of both soluble APP and Aβ. These results highlight the potential importance of SorL1 in elucidating phospho-state sensitive mechanisms in the regulation of metabolism of APP and Aβ by PKC and ROCK2.
Long-term respiratory symptoms in World Trade Center responders.

BACKGROUND: New York State (NYS) employees who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on or after 11 September 2001 potentially experienced exposures that might have caused persistent respiratory effects. NYS responders represent a more moderately exposed population than typical first responders. AIMS: To assess whether NYS employees who were WTC responders were more likely than controls to report lower respiratory symptoms (LRS) or a diagnosis of asthma 5 years post-9/11. Persistence and severity of symptoms were also evaluated. METHODS: Participants were initially mailed self-administered questionnaires (initial, Year 1, Year 2) and then completed a telephone interview in Year 3. Data were analysed using Poisson's regression models. RESULTS: WTC exposure was associated with LRS, including cough symptoms suggestive of chronic bronchitis, 5 years post-9/11. When exposure was characterized using an exposure assessment method, the magnitude of effect was greater in those with exposure scores above the mean. WTC exposure was associated with persistence of LRS over the 3 year study period. Results also suggest that participants with the highest exposures were more likely to experience increased severity of their asthma condition and/or LRS. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that even in a moderately exposed responder population, lower respiratory effects were a persistent problem 5 years post-9/11, indicating that some WTC responders require ongoing monitoring.
THE DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGIES OF ENDOPARASITOID WASPS VARY WITH HOST FEEDING ECOLOGY

Among the most important trade-offs in life history evolution is whether to grow larger at the cost of longer development time, or to develop more rapidly at the cost of reduced size. For insect herbivores, resolution of this trade-off is thought to be strongly influenced by feeding ecology and mortality risks. In contrast, how these factors might affect the developmental strategies of third trophic level organisms, like parasitoid wasps, is less understood. To address this question, we compared the development of larval en- doparasitoids in the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae that parasitize larval stage herbivores in the order Lepidoptera. The campoplegine ichneumonid Venturia canescens parasitized concealed hosts and exhibited a developmental strategy that favored progeny size over development time. In contrast, the closely related ichneumonid Campoletis son- orensis parasitized exposed hosts and exhibited the opposite strategy of favoring rapid development time over size. The microgastrine braconid Microplitis croceipes attacks par- tially concealed hosts and showed evidence of a trade-off between maximizing body size and minimizing development times. These results suggested that parasitoids attacking ap- parent, foliar-feeding hosts may favor rapid development time over size while parasitoids that attack concealed hosts favor size over development time. A broader survey of the literature supported the trends found in our experimental studies. The braconids and ich- neumonids examined in this study also exhibit distinct differences in larval feeding and pupation behavior. These developmental traits did not appear to affect the size-development time continuum. However, these traits may affect the size range of hosts that larval en- doparasitoids can successfully exploit.
The Interpersonal Power of Feminism: Is Feminism Good for Romantic Relationships?

Past research suggests that women and men alike perceive feminism and romance to be in conflict (Rudman and Fairchild, Psychol Women Q, 31:125–136, 2007). A survey of US undergraduates (N = 242) and an online survey of older US adults (N = 289) examined the accuracy of this perception. Using self-reported feminism and perceived partners’ feminism as predictors of relationship health, results revealed that having a feminist partner was linked to healthier relationships for women. Additionally, men with feminist partners reported greater relationship stability and sexual satisfaction in the online survey. Finally, there was no support for negative feminist stereotypes (i.e., that feminists are single, lesbians, or unattractive). In concert, the findings reveal that beliefs regarding the incompatibility of feminism and romance are inaccurate.
Two-flow simulation of the natural light field within a canopy of submerged aquatic plants

A two-flow model is developed to simulate a light field composed of both collimated and diffuse irradiance within natural waters containing a canopy of bottom-adhering plants. To account for the effects of submerging a canopy, the transmittance and reflectance terms associated with each plant structure (leaves, stems, fruiting bodies, etc.) are expressed as functions of the ratio of the refractive index of the plant material to the refractive index of the surrounding media and the internal transmittance of the plant structure. Algebraic solutions to the model are shown to yield plausible physical explanations for unanticipated variations in volume reflectance spectra. The effect of bottom reflectance on the near-bottom light field is also investigated. These results indicate that within light-limited submerged aquatic plant canopies, substrate reflectance may play an important role in determining the amount of light available to the plants and, therefore, canopy productivity.
The effect of patient position and obesity on the spread of epidural analgesia

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of patient positioning and obesity on the height of block achieved during routine labor epidural analgesia. Forty patients weighing 100 kg to a study group. Half the patients in each group received an epidural injection in the lateral position, the remainder were in the sitting position. After insertion of an epidural catheter and injection of 12 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine plain the patients remained in position for a further 5 min. The height of block achieved, as assessed by loss of cold sensation, showed no difference between any of the groups. The results indicate that, for routine labor epidural analgesia, using 12 ml of 0.25% plain bupivacaine, neither patient positioning nor obesity affects the height of block achieved.
SINE sequences detect DNA fingerprints in salmonid fishes

DNA probes homologous to two previously described salmonid short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) detected DNA fingerprint patterns in 14 species of salmonid fishes. The probes showed more homology to some species than to others and little homology to three nonsalmonid fishes. The DNA fingerprint patterns derived from the SINE probes are individual-specific and inherited in a Mendelian manner. Probes derived from different regions of the same SINE detect only partially overlapping banding patterns, reflecting a more complex SINE structure than has been previously reported. Like the human Alu sequence, the SINEs found in salmonids could provide useful genetic markers and primer sites for PCR-based techniques. These elements may be more desirable for some applications than traditional DNA fingerprinting probes that detect tandemly repeated arrays.
Amphiphilic Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for the Oral Delivery of Chemotherapeutics

New interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of hydrophilic, pH-responsive poly(methacrylic-grafted-ethylene glycol), and hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) were formed for the oral delivery of chemotherapeutics. These amphiphilic IPNs were synthesized to express variations in swelling and hydrophobic properties to try and develop an optimized material for the loading and release of doxorubicin, a hydrophobic chemotherapeutic. Release profiles modeling the gastrointestinal (GI) transit from the stomach to the small intestine were investigated. Mucoadhesion was determined using fresh porcine small intestine, polymer samples, and a tensile tester. The biocompatibility of the materials was assessed against Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cell models representing the GI tract and SW620 cells serving as a colon cancer cell model. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1472–1478, 2013
Anterior Pontomesencephalic Vein and Basilar Artery in Exophytic Brainstem Glioma

The angiographic differentiation of an intrinsic exophytic brainstem glioma from an extra-axial posterior fossa tumor is not always easy. The location of the basilar artery alone may not be significant. Displacement of the anterior pontomesencephalic vein anterior to the basilar artery appears to be a reliable indicator of an intrinsic exophytic brainstem glioma.
Feedback : Multiple purposes for management classrooms

Four strategies are suggested for the multiple roles that faculty in management classrooms play in providing feedback information to students. These roles include producing feedback that informs students about the level and degree of their knowledge (personal feedback seeking) and providing a model of the workplace supervisor that students can take into professional life. The strategies use (a) topic knowledge, (b) awareness of the feedback process, (c) cognitive modeling, and (d) practice in feedback-seeking behavior. Classroom activities for increasing students' feedback awareness and developing feedback-seeking ability are included, as are topics for student review of the literature.
Intron 4 containing novel GABAB1 isoforms impair GABAB receptor function.

Background: Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors decrease neural activity through G protein signaling. There are two subunits, GABAB1 and GABAB2. Alternative splicing provides GABAB1 with structural and functional diversity. cDNA microarrays showed strong signals from human brain RNA using GABAB1 intron 4 region probes. Therefore, we predicted the existence of novel splice variants. Methodology/Principal Findings: Based on the probe sequence analysis, we proposed two possible splice variants, GABAB1j and GABAB1k. The existence of human GABAB1j was verified by quantitative real-time PCR, and mouse GABAB1j was found from a microarray probe set based on human GABAB1j sequence. GABAB1j open reading frames (ORF) and expression patterns are not conserved across species, and they do not have any important functional domains except sushi domains. Thus, we focused on another possible splice variant, GABAB1k. After obtaining PCR evidence for GABAB1k existence from human, mouse, and rat, it was cloned from human and mouse by PCR along with three additional isoforms, GABAB1l, GABAB1m, and GABAB1n. Their expression levels by quantitative real-time PCR are relatively low in brain although they may be expressed in specific cell types. GABAB1l and GABAB1m inhibit GABAB receptor-induced G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K + channel (GIRK) currents at Xenopus oocyte two-electrode voltage clamp system. Conclusions/Significance: This study supports previous suggestions that intron 4 of GABAB1 gene is a frequent splicing spot across species. Like GABAB1e, GABAB1l and GABAB1m do not have transmembrane domains but have a dimerization motif. So, they also could be secreted and bind GABAB2 dominantly instead of GABAB1a. However, only GABAB1l and GABAB1m are N- and C-terminal truncated splicing variants and impair receptor function. This suggests that the intron 4 containing N-terminal truncation is necessary for the inhibitory action of the new splice variants.
The max‐length‐vector line of best fit to a set of vector subspaces and an optimization problem over a set of hyperellipsoids

Summary Let C={V1,…,Vk} be a collection of subspaces of a finite-dimensional real vector space V. Let L denote a one-dimensional subspace of V, and let θ(L,Vi) denote the principal angle between L and Vi. Motivated by a problem in data analysis, we seek an L that maximizes the function F(L)=∑icosθ(L,Vi). Conceptually, this is the line through the origin that best represents C with respect to the criterion F(L). A reformulation shows that L is spanned by a vector v=∑ivi, which maximizes the function G(v1,…,vk)=||∑ivi||2 subject to the constraints vi∈Vi and ||vi||=1. In this setting, v is seen to be the longest vector that can be decomposed into unit vectors lying on prescribed hyperspheres. A closely related problem is to find the longest vector that can be decomposed into vectors lying on prescribed hyperellipsoids. Using Lagrange multipliers, the critical points of either problem can be cast as solutions of a multivariate eigenvalue problem. We employ homotopy continuation and numerical algebraic geometry to solve this problem and obtain the extremal decompositions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decay properties of heavy mendelevium isotopes

Abstract We investigated the nuclear properties of several mendelevium isotopes produced in the reactions of heavy ions with 245Esg. We measured the alpha particles, spontaneous fissions (SF), and photons emitted by counting samples resulting from chemical and/or mass separations. The 256Md half-life is (78.1 ± 1.8) min; it decays primarily by electron capture (EC), but also by alpha emission (11 ± 3)% of the time. The 256Md ground state has J ⩽ 2 (probably Jπ = 1−), and a mass excess of (87.611 ± 0.053) MeV. The 257Md half-life is (5.523 ± 0.050) h; it decays primarily by EC, but also by alpha emission (15.2 ± 2.6)% of the time and by SF less than 1% of the time. The 256Md mass excess is (88.989 ± 0.003) MeV. The 258Mdg (Jπ = 8−) half-life is (51.50 ± 0.29) d. It decays by alpha emission; the sum of SF, EC, and β− decay branches is less than 3 × 10−3 %. The alpha decay of 258Mdg populates 254Esm (0.60 ± 0.08)% of the time. The 256Mdg mass excess is (91.691 ± 0.007) MeV. The half-life of J π = 1 − 258 Md m is (57.0 ± 0.9) min. It decays by EC; the branch for decay by alpha emission is less than 1.2%. The sum of SF and β− decay branches is less than 30%. The half-life of 259Md is (1.60 ± 0.06) h; it decays primarily by SF. The alpha decay branch of 259Md is less than 1.3%. From the 259Md half-life we calculated a SF hindrance factor associated with the 7 2 − [514] proton configuration of 3.6 × 106. From our data we proposed partial level schemes for 252Es, 253Es, and 254Es.
GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTING PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

Recent advances in predictive maintenance technologies have led many manufacturers to abandon traditional periodic maintenance policies and replace them with predictive maintenance policies. The models in this paper explicitly evaluate the decision to utilize both predictive and periodic maintenance when the objective is to minimize expected maintenance costs per unit time. Renewal theory is used to obtain optimal policies as unique solutions of integral equations that depend on the failure distribution and prediction capabilities. Based on this research, we recommend that practitioners do not abandon the traditional maintenance methods but follow our guidelines for utilizing periodic maintenance in conjunction with the new technologies.
Lifschitz Tails for Random Schrödinger Operator in Bernoulli Distributed Potentials

This paper presents an elementary proof of Lifschitz tail behavior for random discrete Schrodinger operators with a Bernoulli-distributed potential. The proof approximates the low eigenvalues by eigenvalues of sine waves supported where the potential takes its lower value. This is motivated by the idea that the eigenvectors associated to the low eigenvalues react to the jump in the values of the potential as if the jump were infinite.
DynaCet: Building Dynamic Faceted Search Systems over Databases

Extracting information and insights from large databases is a time-consuming activity and has received considerable research attention recently. In this demo, we present DynaCet - a domain independent system that provides effective minimum-effort based dynamic faceted search solutions over enterprise databases. At every step, Dynacet suggests facets depending on the user response in the previous step. Facets are selected based on their ability to rapidly drill down to the most promising tuples, as well as on the ability of the user to provide desired values for them. The benefits provided include faster access to information stored in databases while taking into consideration the variance in user knowledge and preferences.
Purification of phosphotransacetylase by affinity chromatography

Abstract Phosphotransacetylase from Clostridium kluyveri was purified using a C8-(6-aminohexyl)-amino-desulfo-coenzyme A-Sepharose column. The method of synthesis of the affinity matrix is described. A crude extract was treated with ammonium sulfate and chromatographed on the desulfo-coenzyme A-Sepharose column. Using this method the enzyme was purified 83-fold and was found to be 73% pure. A new method for the determination of the purity of phosphotransacetylase by activity staining of polyacrylamide gels with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) is described.
A comparison of pitfall traps with bait traps for studying leaf litter ant communities

A comparison of pitfall traps with bait traps for sampling leaf litter ants was studied in oak-dominated mixed forests during 1995–1997. A total of 31,732 ants were collected from pitfall traps and 54,694 ants were collected from bait traps. They belonged to four subfamilies, 17 genera, and 32 species. Bait traps caught 29 species, whereas pitfall traps caught 31 species. Bait traps attracted one species not found in pitfall traps, but missed three of the species collected with pitfall traps. Collections from the two sampling methods showed differences in species richness, relative abundance, diversity, and species accumulation curves. Pitfall traps caught significantly more ant species per plot than did bait traps. The ant species diversity obtained from pitfall traps was higher than that from bait traps. Bait traps took a much longer time to complete an estimate of species richness than did pitfall traps. Little information was added to pitfall trapping results by the bait trapping method. The results suggested that the pitfall trapping method is superior to the bait trapping method for leaf litter ant studies. Species accumulation curves showed that sampling of 2,192 ± 532 ants from six plots by pitfall traps provided a good estimation of ant species richness under the conditions of this study.
Awarding Attorney Fees and Deterring 'Patent Trolls'

A court may award attorney fees to a prevailing party in a patent trial under exceptional circumstances. Since 2005, courts had applied a rigid formula to determine whether a case was exceptional. In the summer of 2014, the Supreme Court rejected this rigid test. Instead, the Court held that an exceptional case is “simply one that stands out from others.” Finding a case exceptional, the Court said, was at the discretion of the district court and only reviewable on appeal for an abuse of discretion. A little over a year later, one interesting question is: how do district courts now determine what cases are exceptional in the absence of a more formulaic approach? The analysis of several recent cases reveal that district courts primarily analyze a party’s (1) litigation position and (2) litigation conduct to determine whether — in its discretion — to award attorney fees. To a lesser degree, district courts have also awarded attorney fees to deter infringement and unsavory litigation practices. However, the deterrence rationale has the potential to be problematic: its purpose is to deter litigation practices, but given the current legal climate it could be used to unfairly penalize litigants that might be classified as “patent trolls.” The existing literature on the award of attorney fees in patent cases sheds very little light on the problems district courts’ reliance on the deterrence rationale could present. This essay addresses these problems and offers practical insights as to when courts should rely on the deterrence rationale to award attorney fees. The essay points out that what makes a case exceptional should have little to do with the identity of the parties. In addition, this essay prescribes that district courts should not take into account the business model of the parties to justify deterrence as a rationale for awarding attorney fees.
Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Uncover Conserved Functions of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model organism to study functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability to alter fatty acid composition with genetic manipulation and dietary supplementation permits the dissection of the roles of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in many biological process including reproduction, aging and neurobiology. Studies in C. elegans to date have mostly identified overlapping functions of 20-carbon omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in reproduction and in neurons, however, specific roles for either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids are beginning to emerge. Recent findings with importance to human health include the identification of a conserved Cox-independent prostaglandin synthesis pathway, critical functions for cytochrome P450 derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the requirements for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in sensory neurons, and the importance of fatty acid desaturation for long lifespan. Furthermore, the ability of C. elegans to interconvert omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids using the FAT-1 omega-3 desaturase has been exploited in mammalian studies and biotechnology approaches to generate mammals capable of exogenous generation of omega-3 fatty acids.
Extending matchings in planar graphs IV

Abstract The structure of certain non-2-extendable planar graphs is studied first. In particular, 4-connected 5-regular planar graphs which are not 2-extendable are investigated and examples of these are presented. It is then proved that all 5-connected even planar graphs are 2-extendable. Finally, a certain configuration called a generalized butterfly is defined and it is shown that 4-connected maximal planar even graphs which contain no generalized butterfly are 2-extendable.
Real-time Landing Point Redesignation (LPR) Algorithm

In order to achieve a safe, precise, and efficient landing on the moon, a number of factors must be considered in real-time during the critical descent phase. These factors include locating hazardous boulders, craters, and slopes, identifying pre-deployed assets and science areas, and managing fuel consumption. This paper describes an algorithm that trades off the factors laid out above and selects landing points based on input terrain and vehicle data. Inputs to the algorithm are the lander footprint, divert fuel costs, detected hazards, and identified points of interest. The algorithm is designed to accept any number of input cost functions and constraints, ensuring flexibility to a variety of missions. The input cost functions are weighted and then fed into a search algorithm that returns all feasible landing points on the map, prioritized by the weighted cost function. The algorithm is capable of returning overlapping or nonoverlapping solutions. This algorithm is designed to provide on-board crew or autonomous robotic vehicles with real-time landing point redesignation capabilities.
On the Distribution of First Significant Figures

(1969). On the Distribution of First Significant Figures. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 342-348.
Longitudinal Follow-up Study of Bone Mineral Density in Adult Survivors of Solid Pediatric Cancers

To investigate the hypothesis that abnormal bone mineral density in pediatric solid tumor survivors persists into early adulthood, a follow-up study to our original cross-sectional study was undertaken in two parts. In Part I, the original cohort of 38 patients was updated to include 3 additional patients. The results showed a 34% prevalence of osteopenia and a 12% prevalence of osteoporosis in at least one site. 1 The part II study cohort consisted of 14 of the original 38 patients who returned more than 5 years later for repeat dual energy x-ray absorptiometer (DEXA). Overall, during the 5-year interval, 100% of the part II patients showed a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) at one or more sites and 28.5% showed decreased total body BMD. Statistically significant (p<0.05) overall declines in BMD were seen in the right femoral neck and left distal radius. Young survivors of childhood tumors do not exhibit normal bone mineral density progression and warrant consideration of early preventative intervention.
The Development of Social and Communicative Competence in Childhood: Review and a Model of Personal, Familial, and Extrafamilial Processes

The purpose of this chapter is to explicate a conceptual model that illustrates how extrafamilial (e.g., sources of stress and support), personal (e.g., inherent psychological child and parent reso...
Abstract P351: Ethnic Differences in the Risk Estimates of Novel Biomarkers for Future Cardiovascular Outcomes

Background: Elevated inflammatory markers, haemostatic factors as well as homocysteine predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality. Although racial/ethnic disparities in CVD risk factors and outcomes exist, comparative data on the predictive utility of novel biomarkers for future CVD events in US ethnic groups is limited. Methods: The study comprised 6814 asymptomatic men and women (52.85%), aged 45-84 yrs without prior cardiovascular disease, enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA] obtained from NHLBI Data repository. 6270 asymptomatic men and women [1384 Hispanics, 2409 Caucasians, 753 Chinese and 1724 African Americans] with a host of novel biomarkers drawn were considered for this analysis. The CVD events were defined as ALL CVD events and HARD CVD events per MESA protocol (see Table). Results: A total of 302 all CVD events and 203 hard CVD events were identified during a mean follow up of 4.6 years. We observed significant ethnic differences in the prognostic utility of novel biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment, in a large multi-ethnic population of US adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease. While homocysteine emerged as a robust biomarker across racial cohorts, most other biomarkers analyzed predominantly predicted events in Caucasians (see Table). Conclusion: These findings raise serious concern about the prognostic potential or generalizability of risk stratification tools across racial subsets and underscore the need for further ethnicity-specific research in this area. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
The effect of perceived brand leadership on luxury service WOM

Purpose Despite the remarkable growth of the luxury industry, a phenomenon referred to as luxury fever, as well as the growing interest in word-of-mouth (WOM) marketing in the industry at hand, little is known about how consumers’ perceived leadership of luxury brands dynamically influences their WOM behavior. This paper aims to examine the moderating role of a type of luxuries (accessible vs inaccessible) in the relationship between the four dimensions of perceived brand leadership – quality, value, innovativeness and popularity – and consumers’ WOM recommendation intention. Design/methodology/approach The current research is based on survey data gathered from 333 actual customers who attend five golf clubs located in North Florida. An innovative data analysis procedure that combines structural equation modeling with propensity score analysis to estimate the moderating effects, controlling for selection bias, is presented. Findings Quality was the significant predictor of WOM among consumers of inaccessible luxuries (private club). In contrast, financial value and popularity were key factors in predicting WOM of individuals who chose accessible luxuries (public club). Originality/value This paper attempts to shed new light on the field of strategic luxury marketing by addressing differential consumption decision-making processes corresponding to hierarchically constructed luxury services. In addition, an innovative way is suggested to achieve covariates’ balance in the examinations of latent variables and multisampling models for observational research.
A systems engineering analysis of three-point and four-point wind turbine drivetrain configurations

This study compares the impact of drivetrain configuration on the mass and capital cost of a series of wind turbines ranging from 1.5 MW to 5.0 MW power ratings for both land-based and offshore applications. The analysis is performed with a new physics-based drivetrain analysis and sizing tool, Drive Systems Engineering (DriveSE), which is part of the Wind-Plant Integrated System Design & Engineering Model. DriveSE uses physics-based relationships to size all major drivetrain components according to given rotor loads simulated based on International Electrotechnical Commission design load cases. The model's sensitivity to input loads that contain a high degree of variability was analyzed. Aeroelastic simulations are used to calculate the rotor forces and moments imposed on the drivetrain for each turbine design. DriveSE is then used to size all of the major drivetrain components for each turbine for both three-point and four-point configurations. The simulation results quantify the trade-offs in mass and component costs for the different configurations. On average, a 16.7% decrease in total nacelle mass can be achieved when using a three-point drivetrain configuration, resulting in a 3.5% reduction in turbine capital cost. This analysis is driven by extreme loads and does not consider fatigue. Thus, the effects of configuration choices on reliability and serviceability are not captured. However, a first order estimate of the sizing, dimensioning and costing of major drivetrain components are made which can be used in larger system studies which consider trade-offs between subsystems such as the rotor, drivetrain and tower. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Um novo pensar teórico e prático a partir da formação acadêmica integral

This study aims to understand possible connections of academic education and the construction of a new habitus from the non-formal education offered in the social space of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Wanted to relate, through history and institutional memory an academic Unit, such as extracurricular activities may allow the expansion of the cultural capital of the social agents inserted in the cultural field (academic). It starts with the Bourdieu's theory of reproduction of social hierarchies within a field and show up alternatives to social mobility. The construction of the object of research in development, offers provisional findings from the genesis of concepts such as the linking of institutional memory with the formation of group identity; the existence of opportunities for the creation of a new habitus and cultural capital accumulation through the wide range of extracurricular activities offered at the University.
Personal Geographies: Poetic Lineage of American Poets Elizabeth Coatsworth and Kate Barnes

This paper examines the relationship between two 20th-century American poets, Elizabeth Coatsworth and her daughter, Kate Barnes. Both women mined their physical and personal geographies to create their work; both labored in the shadows of domineering literary husbands. Elizabeth’s early poetry is economical in language, following literary conventions shaped by Eastern poets and Imagists of her era. Kate’s work echoes her mother’s painterly eye, yet is informed by the feminist poetry of her generation. Their dynamic relationship as mother and daughter, both struggling with service to the prevailing Western patriarchy, duties of domestication and docility, also inform their writing. This paper draws from Coatsworth’s poems, essays, and memoir, and Barnes’ poems, interviews, and epistolary archives, which shed light on her relationship with her renowned mother.
Žižek’s Hysterical Commodities

Žižek’s studies of hysteria, commodity, fetish, and symptom can contribute to the development of a viable Marxist-psychoanalytic model for political analysis, which can, in turn, clarify some of the ambiguities in Marx’s understanding of commodity and fetish and help to separate the two into distinct phenomena. One can also qualify Žižek’s claim that Lacan said that Marx invented the symptom and argue, instead, that Marx invented the notion of sublimation as a psychopolitical phenomenon.
Benign Breast Diseases

Some benign breast diseases have classic features of benignity that require no further management, while others have features indistinguishable from malignancy and thus require further evaluation and possible biopsy. The clinical presentation, imaging features, and management of benign breast diseases such as epidermal inclusion cysts, lipomas, hamartomas, mammary duct ectasia, cysts, intraductal papillomas, fat necrosis, surgical scars, adenomyoepithelial tumors, and gynecomastia in elderly patients are discussed.
Change in dielectric relaxation with the presence of water in highly filled composites

It is important to determine the dielectric characteristics of semiconductor encapsulation materials based on epoxy resins. We employed the dielectric spectroscopy technique to investigate the diel...
An African experience: my medical rotation in Swazilands.

As a medicine intern from Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas, I made the long journey across the Atlantic to Swaziland, Africa, in November 2001. Dr. Aby Philip, the director of the Good Shepherd Hospital, sent notice to many US medical schools requesting the help of residents and other medical personnel in Siteki, Swaziland. While in my fourth year of medical school, I set up an elective to work at the Good Shepherd Hospital the following year.
Characterization and Mapping of Viral and Putative Viral-Cellular Transcripts in a Hepatitis B Virus Infected Human Hepatoma Cell Line and in Chimpanzee Carrier Liver

Since attempts to propagate hepatitis B virus (HBV) in tissue culture have generally been unsuccessful, recent studies on the mechanism for viral morphogenesis have focused on expression of the HBV genome in HBV infected human hepatoma cell lines (1,2,3,4) and in vitro transfected rodent cells (5). The human hepatoma cell lines PLC/PRF/5 and HEP-3B synthesize and secrete 22-nanometer particles with immunochemical characteristics of HBsAg and contain HBV DNA exclusively in integrated form (1,2,3,6,7). Initial reports of viral RNAs expressed in PLC/PRF/5 cells have given conflicting results. Marion et al. (1) demonstrated sequences hybridizing with the whole genome of HBV by solution hybridization, whereas Edman et al. (3) found only one transcript of 2000 nucleotides, which hybridized to the S region (HBsAg). However, in L cells transformed with cloned HBV DNA and in PLC/PRF/5 cells, Pourcel et al. (8) recently detected a 2.3 kb HBV-specific poly (A)+ RNA. This RNA hybridized to the pre-S region, to the S region, and to a 1100 bp region downstream from the S gene coding sequence; and it was proposed that the sequence 5′-TATATAA starting at position 2776 could be related to the S gene promoter (8).
Black Lesbian Female Resident

This chapter contains a case study of a black lesbian female emergency medicine resident who is rotating on the MICU service. The attending physician demonstrates bias toward the resident. This chapter includes a discussion on how to alleviate bias in medical education.
The Coexistence of Disabling Conditions in Children Who Stutter: Evidence From the National Health Interview Survey.

Purpose Stuttering is a disorder that has been associated with coexisting developmental disorders. To date, detailed descriptions of the coexistence of such conditions have not consistently emerged...
The effect of right ventricular function on survival and morbidity following stage 2 palliation: An analysis of the single ventricle reconstruction trial public data set.

Objective Limited information is known on how right ventricular function affects outcomes after stage 2 palliation. We evaluated the impact of different right ventricular indices prior to stage 2 palliation on morbidity and mortality. Design Retrospective study design. Setting Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial Public Data Set. Patient Any variant of stage 1 palliation and all anatomic hypoplastic left heart syndrome variants in the trial were evaluated. Echocardiograms prior to stage 2 palliation were analyzed and compared between those who failed and those who survived. Intervention None. Outcome measures Mortality was defined as death, listed for transplant, or transplanted after stage 2 palliation. Morbidity was evaluated as hospital length of stay and duration of intubation. Results A total of 283 patients met criteria for analysis. Of those, only 18 patients failed stage 2. Right ventricular fractional area change was less in those who failed (30% vs 34%, P = .039) and right ventricular indexed end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume were larger in those who failed (142.74 mL/ BSA1.3 vs 111.29 mL/BSA1.3 , P = .023, 88.45 mL/ BSA1.3 vs 62.75 mL/ BSA1.3 , P = .025, respectively). Larger right ventricular indexed end-diastolic and systolic volumes were associated with failure (OR 1.17 [1.01-1.35] P = .021, OR 1.25 [1.03-1.52] P = .021, respectively). Every 10% increase in RV ejection fraction had a 63% decrease in length of stay and a 68% decrease in duration of intubation (P = .014, and P = .039, respectively). Conclusion Patients with decreased right ventricular fractional area change and larger right ventricular indexed end-diastolic and systolic volumes were more likely to fail stage 2 palliation. Those with preserved right ventricular function had a shorter hospital length of stay and duration of intubation. Echocardiographic measurements of right ventricular indices during the interstage period can be utilized to determine the prognosis following stage 2 palliation.