cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest followed by low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass on brain metabolism in newborn piglets: comparison of pH-stat and α-stat management.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of pH-stat and α-stat management before deep hypothermic circulatory arrest followed by a period of low-flow (two rates) cardiopulmonary bypass on cortical oxygenation and selected regulatory proteins: Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and phospho-Akt. DESIGN Piglets were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, cooled with pH-stat or α-stat management to 18 °C over 30 mins, subjected to 30-min deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and 1-hr low flow at 20 mL/kg/min (LF-20) or 50 mL/kg/min (LF-50), rewarmed to 37 °C, separated from cardiopulmonary bypass, and recovered for 6 hrs. SUBJECTS Newborn piglets, 2-5 days old, assigned randomly to experimental groups. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cortical oxygen was measured by oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence; proteins were measured by Western blots. The means from six experiments ± sem are presented as % of α-stat. Significance was determined by Student's t test. For LF-20, cortical oxygenation was similar for α-stat and pH-stat, whereas for LF-50, it was significantly better using pH-stat. For LF-20, the measured proteins were not different except for Bax in the cortex (214 ± 24%, p = .006) and hippocampus (118 ± 6%, p = .024) and Caspase 3 in striatum (126% ± 7%, p = .019). For LF-50, in pH-stat group: In cortex, Bax and Caspase-3 were lower (72 ± 8%, p = .001 and 72 ± 10%, p = .004, respectively) and pAkt was higher (138 ± 12%, p = .049). In hippocampus, Bcl-2 and Bax were not different but pAkt was higher (212 ± 37%, p = .005) and Caspase 3 was lower (84 ± 4%, p = .018). In striatum, Bax and pAkt did not differ, but Bcl-2 increased (146 ± 11%, p = .001) and Caspase-3 decreased (81 ± 11%, p = .042). CONCLUSIONS In this deep hypothermic circulatory arrest-LF model, when flow was 20 mL/kg/min, there was little difference between α-stat and pH-stat management. However, for LF-50, pH-stat management resulted in better cortical oxygenation during recovery and Bax, Bcl-2, pAk, and Caspase-3 changes were consistent with lesser activation of proapoptotic signaling with pH-stat than with α-stat.
Transport at the mobility edge in liquid semiconductors

Abstract Thermoelectric transport at the mobility edge is interpreted in terms of a variable conductivity at the mobility edge σ c , assuming that R in Mott's formula σ c = 610/R is the distance between negatively charged centers. This leads to information about the concentration c − of negative charges as well as the distance e Fl of the Fermi energy from the mobility edge. Applying this model to new Se x Te 1−x data, we find that c − has an activation energy ∼ 0.25 eV when x>0.4, and increases more rapidly with T at x = 0.40. There is a change in d e Fl / dT at e Fl ⋟ 0.08 eV . probably caused by holes becoming the dominant positively charged species.
Expanding scales in biodiversity-based research: challenges and solutions for marine systems

As in terrestrial biodiversity, human influences over marine biodiversity will alter the way ecosystems contribute to biogeochemical or ecosystem processes. While many studies have doc- umented how alterations of terrestrial biology affect ecosystem functioning, few studies have exam- ined marine systems. The main challenge faced by biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) research in marine ecology is dealing with the large scales of marine systems and the logistical diffi- culties of attempting to conduct the kinds of complex, combinatorial experiments that have been done in terrestrial ecology. BioMERGE (Biotic Mechanisms of Ecosystem Regulation in the Global Environment) has developed a framework for relating biodiversity, via biomass, to ecosystem func- tioning and for employing extinction scenarios to explore the realm of possible changes in ecosystem functioning that biodiversity loss could create. This approach may find much utility in marine BEF research because it obviates the need for complex experiments. I provide an overview of the issues, the framework, and some directions marine ecology could take to further our understanding of the ecosystem consequences of marine biodiversity loss.
Performance Evaluation of a Field-Scale Surface Barrier

Recently, a prototype of a field-scale (2-5 ha), vegetated, capillary surface barrier was constructed over a waste zone at the semiarid Hanford Site in southeast Washington. The barrier is instrumented to measure the components of water balance under ambient and elevated precipitation scenarios on soil and rock-covered plots. The barrier also allows for the evaluation of two protective side slope configurations, and the monitoring of flow around and under a low permeability asphalt layer. The first 2 yr of testing were unusually wet, with precipitation more than twice the long-term annual average of 160 mm. Even with an imposed irrigation treatment of 480 mm yr{sup -1}, including a simulated 1000-yr storm event each year, there was no drainage from the soil covered plots. This demonstrates the effectiveness of vegetated capillary barriers in an and environment. Each year, plants used all available water, independent of precipitation treatment, reducing soil water storage to the same lower limit by the end of summer. The soil was wettest during spring, but water storage never exceeded 450 mm in the 2-m thick soil layer, which was designed to store 600 mm. The efficiency of ET was consistently higher on the ambient treatment, suggesting a susceptibilitymore » of native plant species to high levels of precipitation. No water has penetrated the low-permeability asphalt layer, although an unprotected section of the toe showed a potential for underflow. While there was no difference in total drainage from the irrigated side slopes over the last 2 yr, the nonirrigated basalt slope drained 55% less water than the gravel. Side slope drainage also showed a seasonal dependence, with the gravel draining more than the basalt in winter and less in the summer. Drainage rates and volumes appear to be controlled by advective airflow. 18 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.« less
Totalsynthesen der Welwitindolinone mit Bicyclo[4.3.1]-Kern

Die Welwitindolinone mit einem Bicyclo[4.3.1]-Kern sind eine Klasse von Naturstoffen, die aufgrund ihrer faszinierenden Strukturen und ihrer vielversprechenden biologischen Eigenschaften bei Synthesechemikern groses Interesse hervorgerufen haben. Weltweit haben mehr als funfzehn Laboratorien Fortschritte bei der Erforschung dieser empfindlichen Naturstoffe gemeldet. Hier werden aktuelle Untersuchungen zur Totalsynthese dieser anspruchsvollen Zielverbindungen dargelegt, und die beiden Synthesen von Welwitindolinonen mit einem Bicyclo[4.3.1]-Kern, uber die Rawal und Garg im Jahr 2011 berichteten, werden besprochen. Die beiden erst kurzlich vollendeten Ansatze beruhen auf der C4-C11-Bindungsbildung, wodurch das sterisch uberladene bicyclische Gerust dieser empfindlichen Naturstoffe zuganglich wird.
The effects of participatory music on the reality orientation and sociability of Alzheimer's residents in a long-term-care setting.

The purpose of this field research/case study was to design a music-participation event for moderately to severely impaired elderly diagnosed as having Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT). This study gives an overview of current knowledge of Alzheimer's Disease, covering its neurology, symptoms, progression, and symptom management. The music events, conducted on the Alzheimer's unit of a nursing home, involved ten (10) elderly persons whose physicians had diagnosed them-at the time of nursing home admission- as having DAT. The eight (8) women and two (2) men were directed to actively participate in twice-weekly musical events over a six-week period of time. Simple musical instruments, singing of familiar songs, and active manipulation of the hands, feet, and head of each subject, allowed directed and active participation in each musical event at their highest possible functioning level. Data analysis and clinical observations revealed an overall positive and measurable effect of participatory music on ...
Local Existence And Uniqueness of Solutions of Degenerate Parabolic Equations

We consider a class of degenerate parabolic equaitons on a bounded domain with mixed boundary conditions. These problems arise, for example, in the study of flow through porous media. Under appropriate hypotheses, we establish the existence of a nonegative solution which is obtainable as a monotone limit of solutions of quasilinear parabolic equations. This construction is used establish uniqueness, cinparison, and L1 continuous dependence theorems, as well some results on blow up of solutions in finite time
THE MISSING LINK IN GENERAL DETERRENCE RESEARCH

Research on the deterrent effects of punishment falls into two categories: macro-level studies of the impact of aggregate punishment levels on crime rates, and individual-level studies of the impact of perceived punishment levels on self-reported criminal behavior. For policy purposes, however, the missing link—ignored in previous research—is that between aggregate punishment levels and individual perceptions of punishment. This paper addresses whether higher actual punishment levels increase the perceived certainty, severity, or swiftness of punishment. Telephone interviews with 1,500 residents of fifty-four large urban counties were used to measure perceptions of punishment levels, which were then linked to actual punishment levels as measured in official statistics. Hierarchical linear model estimates of multivariate models generally found no detectable impact of actual punishment levels on perceptions of punishment. The findings raise serious questions about deterrence-based rationales for more punitive crime control policies.
Genetic variants in transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M 1 (TRPM1) and their risk of albuminuria-related traits in Mexican Americans.

Background Evidence for linkage of albuminuria to GABRB3 marker region on chromosome 15q12 was previously reported in Mexican Americans. The objective of this study is to scan a positional candidate gene, Transient Receptor Potential cation channel, subfamily M 1 (TRPM1), for genetic variants that may contribute to the variation in albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).
Performance effects of imperfect multi-modal sensory cueing in a target detection simulation

Past research has shown that multi-modal sensory cues can reduce the workload of the user while simultaneously increasing performance capacity. This study looks to examine how performance is impacted in a multi-modal sensory cueing target detection task in which the cueing automation is imperfect. Twenty-seven undergraduate participants volunteered to take part in the present multi-modal sensory automation target detection task. The independent vari- ables were trial (i.e., three five-minute trial blocks) and the cueing method (i.e., tactile, auditory or a combination of tac- tile and auditory cueing) used to assist visual search for target detection across three screens. Dependent variables included each participant's response time and rate of accuracy. Results illustrate a significant decrease in response in the final trial when compared with the first trial. Results also illustrated a decrease in response time in each successive trial compared with the previous, each reflective of learning effects. A one-trial block exposure (5 minutes) to imperfect automation resulted in a response time decrease of 24%, while a two-trial block exposure (10 minutes) resulted in a response time decrease of 38%. Errors of omission results showed significantly lower miss rates in the final trial block when compared with the first trial block. In addition, errors of omission were lower in each successive trial compared with the previous. A one-trial block exposure (5 minutes) to imperfect automation resulted in a decrease in misses of 45%, while a two-trial block exposure (10 minutes) to imperfect automation resulted in a decrease of 65% in such misses. Our results suggest that interchanging multi-modal cues create stronger learning trends in a human-automation system than uni-modal cues. Results also showed that in spite of the automation used, automation failure resulted in a significant performance decrement. Auditory automation cueing failure produced a sevenfold increase in response time, while tactile automation cueing failure and a combination of auditory and tactile automation cueing failure produced a fourfold increase in response time. A speed-accuracy trade-off is not the cause of these results, because auditory auto- mation cueing failure produces a twofold decrease in accuracy, and a combination of auditory and tactile automation cueing failure produced a threefold decrease in accuracy.
Bring out the counterpoint: exploring the relationship between implied polyphony and rubato in Bach's solo violin music

Performers are consistently instructed to use rubato to `bring out' the implied polyphony in Bach's solo string music. But previous research on the perception of this structural feature suggests th...
Does the wear resistance of packable composite equal that of dental amalgam

BACKGROUND There is little evidence that packable composites are sufficiently wear resistant to be used as an alternative to amalgam. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate wear rates of packable composites compared with hybrid resin composites and amalgams by an in vitro wear test. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following composites were used: three packable composites (SureFil, Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, DE, USA; Alert, Pentron Clinical Technologies, Wallingford, CT, USA; and Solitaire, Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), two hybrid resin composites (TPH Spectrum, Dentsply/Caulk; and Pyramid enamel, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA), and two amalgams (Tytin, Kerr Manufacturing Co., Romulus, MI, USA; and Dispersalloy, Dentsply/ Caulk). Cylindrical Class I cavities prepared on occlusally flattened, extracted human molars were restored with respective materials according to the manufacturers' instructions. Generalized, localized, and antagonistic enamel wear tests were carried out by a University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) wear simulator according to previously reported methods. Seven specimens were tested for each group, and the wear depths were measured on profilometric tracings. The data for each wear mode were independently analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Fisher's exact test (p < or = .05). RESULTS The generalized wear values for SureFil (7.0 +/- 3.5 microm), Alert (8.6 +/- 1.8 microm), and Pyramid (3.9 +/- 0.5 microm) were not statistically different from those of amalgam materials (Tytin 5.8 +/- 0.7 microm, Dispersalloy 6.0 +/- 0.9 microm) but were different from those of Solitaire (23.9 +/- 2.6 microm) and TPH (30.6 +/- 5.5 microm). The localized wear values for SureFil (19.8 +/- 14.2 microm) and Alert (28.0 +/- 1.6 microm) were significantly smaller than for all other materials. For antagonistic enamel wear, Solitaire exhibited a minimal value (3.4 +/- 0.9 microm), whereas values of SureFil (12.6 +/- 5.6 microm) and Alert (12.0 +/- 6.6 microm) were not statistically different from those of TPH (11.0 +/- 4.0 microm) and amalgams (Tytin 14.5 +/- 4.3 microm, Dispersalloy 7.8 +/- 3.3 microm). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that SureFil and Alert packable composites possess similar wear resistance and abrasiveness to amalgam on the basis of the limitations of this study, which simulated 3 years of clinical wear.
Preoperative PSA velocity is an independent prognostic factor for relapse after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose Preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity (PSAV), or the rate of PSA rise before diagnosis, predicts for risk of cancer death after radical prostatectomy (RP). We evaluated the relative merit of established preoperative factors, including biopsy indices and preoperative PSAV, for their impact on relapse after RP. Patients and Methods The outcomes of 202 men who underwent RP were reviewed. Biopsies were characterized for grade, percentage positive cores, and total linear tumor length. Surgical specimens were characterized for cancer volume, relative percentage by grade, extracapsular extension, and margin status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with respect to relapse-free survival after RP. Results Thirty-one patients relapsed after RP (defined as PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL), with a median time to failure of 16 months. Median follow-up was 48 months. Kaplan-Meier relapse-free survival at 5 years was 89%, compared with 73% for PSAV ≤ 2 v > 2 ng/mL/year (P = .003). On multivaria...
Study Abroad Experiences and Global Citizenship: Fostering Proenvironmental Behavior.

Short-term study abroad programs currently account for more than 50% of students who study overseas. Using an adaptation of the Value–Belief–Norm theory of proenvironmental behavior (Stern, 2000), we hypothesized that study abroad nurtures global citizenship related to ecologically conscious behaviors by strengthening core relations among environmental values, beliefs, and norms. The sample consisted of students (n = 623) from 10 U.S. universities participating in a 4-week study abroad program to either Australia or New Zealand in 2008 and 2009. A pre-, posttest design was adopted in which students voluntarily completed a survey instrument on the first and last days of the program in the destination country. Results of the study suggested that the modified Value–Belief–Norm approach provides a robust theoretical framework, used in conjunction with theories of learning, for explaining how proenvironmental behavior is nurtured. These findings provided empirical support for the efficacy of short-term study a...
Chemical control of stored product insects with fumigants and residual treatments

Integrated pest management (IPM) programs that eliminate infestations and prevent economic damage in raw commodities, food storage facilities, and milling and processing plants typically involve chemicals. They are preferred because they are often the cheapest and most e$cient strategies available. When evaluating pesticides, it is important to recognize the biological and environmental factors that can a!ect pesticide e$cacy so the insecticide can be e!ectively used in control programs. We illustrate these concepts with data from research studies with cy#uthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide used as a residual surface treatment, and with data from developmental research with new fumigants. These chemical pesticides and others like them could have speci"c applications and strategies in an IPM program for post harvest pests well into the 21st Century. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Revisionism and the Security Council Veto

In an interesting article that appeared in the winter 1973 issue of this journal, Thomas M. Campbell defends the thesis that in 1944 and during the first half of 1945, American policy toward the formation of the United Nations organization "underwent a metamorphosis from supporting a universalistic concept of security, the policy espoused by the Department of State, to a narrower nationalistic peace program as advocated by the Pentagon." 1 Specifically with respect to the great-power veto in the Security Council, Campbell argues that:
Book reviews - Metalic and dielectric antennas

This book contains a useful compilation -of material on dielectric and metallic cylindrical antennas with emphasis on the dielectric antenna. These antennas are analyzed in terms of waves traveling on cylindrical surfaces. In Chapter I the various waves on a two-dimensional planar antenna are described as an introduction to the subject. The familiar metallic, linear antenna is t r e a t e d i n Chapter I1 and the dielectric cylinder or polyrod antenna, in Chapter III. Chapter I V contains a discussion of plasma column antenna as an extension of the dielectrode antenna. Both the dielec- .tric rod and plasma column antennas are assumed to be lossless. The subjects are discussed from the engineering or design viewpoint where emphasisThis book contains a useful compilation -of material on dielectric and metallic cylindrical antennas with emphasis on the dielectric antenna. These antennas are analyzed in terms of waves traveling on cylindrical surfaces. In Chapter I the various waves on a two-dimensional planar antenna are described as an introduction to the subject. The familiar metallic, linear antenna is treated in Chapter I1 and the dielectric cylinder or polyrod antenna, in Chapter III. Chapter I V contains a discussion of plasma column antenna as an extension of the dielectrode antenna. Both the dielectric rod and plasma column antennas are assumed to be lossless. The subjects are discussed from the engineering or design viewpoint.
High gradient magnetic filtration of fine particles from a gas stream

Dust particles originally generated by two steelmaking processes were dispersed in an air stream and passed through a pilot-scale high gradient magnetic filter. In accordance with theoretical predictions, the experimental results showed that collection was improved by increasing the depth or density of the steel wool filter, increasing the applied magnetic field, or decreasing the filtration velocity. Collection efficiency increased with particle size up to about 2 μm, above which the efficiency tapered off, apparently due to reentrainment effects. Collection efficiencies of greater than 99% were obtained, indicating that high gradient magnetic filtration may be a practical method of controlling particulate emission from processes in the iron and steel industry.
Using Movement to Teach Academics: An Outline for Success

Currently, she conducts workshops for teachers and works with students in the public schools.
Self-Efficacy and Pain in Disability with Osteoarthritis of the Knee

This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and pain during the performance of stair climbing and lifting/carrying tasks on speed of movement, ratings of task difficulty, and perceived task ability in a group of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Seventy-nine patients with knee OA completed the tasks in a controlled laboratory setting. Before completing each task, patients' self-efficacy was assessed; following task performance they rated (a) the most intense knee pain experienced, (b) the difficulty of the task, and (c) their perceived ability as they performed each task. Results demonstrated that, even after controlling for physical function, self-efficacy, and knee pain during performance, each contributed significantly to understanding either speed of movement or self-reported ratings of task difficulty and perceived ability.
Ligandinemia in primary liver cell cancer in rat and man.

Ligandin was quantitated by radioimmunoassay in serum and, when possible, in tumors from patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, massive hepatic metastasis or nonhepatic primary neoplasms, and in rats and athymic (nu/nu) mice bearing transplantable ligandin-containing or nonligandin-containing rat hepatocellular carcinomas. Following transplantation of a ligandin-containing rat hepatocellular carcinoma in rats or athymic (nu/nu) mice, mean serum ligandin concentrations progressively increased and, within 4 months, exceeded normal serum ligandin concentrations by 10-fold. In 11 of 15 HBsAg negative patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, serum ligandin concentrations ranged from 82 to 551 (mean: 298) ng per ml; the mean ligandin concentration in the hepatic neoplasm was 32% of the ligandin concentration in normal liver. In 19 of 22 patients with extensive hepatic metastasis and in each of 20 patients with primary carcinomas without hepatic metastasis, serum ligandin concentrations were normal (7.0 ± 4.0 ng per ml).
Arabidopsis Phage-Type RNA Polymerases: Accurate in Vitro Transcription of Organellar Genes

The T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase (RNAP) performs all steps of transcription, including promoter recognition, initiation, and elongation as a single-polypeptide enzyme. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses three nuclear-encoded T7 phage-type RNAPs that localize to mitochondria (RpoTm), plastids (RpoTp), or presumably both organelles (RpoTmp). Their specific functions are as yet unresolved. We have established an in vitro transcription system to examine the abilities of the three Arabidopsis phage-type RNAPs to synthesize RNA and to recognize organellar promoters. All three RpoT genes were shown to encode transcriptionally active RNAPs. RpoTmp displayed no significant promoter specificity, whereas RpoTm and RpoTp were able to accurately initiate transcription from overlapping subsets of mitochondrial and plastidial promoters without the aid of protein cofactors. Our study strongly suggests RpoTm to be the enzyme that transcribes most, if not all, mitochondrial genes in Arabidopsis. Intrinsic promoter specificity, a feature that RpoTm and RpoTp share with the T7 RNAP, appears to have been conserved over the long period of evolution of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial and plastidial RNAPs. Selective promoter recognition by the Arabidopsis phage-type RNAPs in vitro implies that auxiliary factors are required for efficient initiation of transcription in vivo.
In wildness is the preservation of China: Henry Thoreau, Gao Xingjian, and Jiang Rong

Two widely read Chinese novels of the past 20 years—Gao Xingjian’s Soul Mountain (1990) and Jiang Rong’s Wolf Totem (2004)—echo Henry David Thoreau’s proclamation (in his essay “Walking”) that “in Wildness is the preservation of the world.” These texts, which reveal their origins in journals, present highly personal quests for what remains of the wild in China; turning their backs on Beijing, the authors search for validation of a belief, expressed by Thoreau and other environmental writers within a Romantic tradition, that a people in close contact with the wild maintain a strength, earthiness and vitality not found in urban cultures; and that close contact with the wild, especially with wild animals, has a spiritual dimension. These compelling Chinese quests yield different results, inevitably depart from Thoreau’s 19th-century optimism, and make complementary statements on what modern China risks losing as it progressively, and in the name of “progress,” eliminates the wild.
A driver for selection of functionally inequivalent concepts at varying levels of abstraction

Concept selection is a critical step in design, as evidenced by the number of concept selection methods that have been developed to choose between design alternatives. Each of these methods has various limitations as identified by different design researchers. However, limitations that have not yet been identified in the literature are those of abstraction and functionality. A fundamental assumption made with these tools is that the solutions being compared are at the same level of abstraction and are developed to satisfy the same functionality. This paper brings out the need for developing a tool for selecting concepts that are at varying levels of abstraction. A preliminary method is proposed and compared with other industry's best practice tools, using an automotive design case study.
Comparison of RTV silicone rubber coatings under artificial contamination in a fog chamber

A comparison is presented of the electrical performance of room-temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber coatings for insulators under artificial contamination produced in a salt-fog chamber with DC voltage. Comparison of the RTV coatings with silicone grease coating has also been made. Correlation of the electrical parameters, such as leakage current and flashover voltage, with material degradation due to aging produced by dry band arcing is established. It is demonstrated that there are distinct differences among the RTV coatings evaluated, and between RTV coatings and silicon grease. >
Evaluation and Development of Data Mining Tools for Social Network Analysis

This chapter reviews existing data mining tools for scraping data from heterogeneous online social networks. It introduces not only the complexities of scraping data from these sources (which include diverse data forms), but also presents currently available tools including their strengths and weaknesses. The chapter introduces our solution to effectively mining online social networks through the development of VoyeurServer, a tool we designed which builds upon the open-source Web-Harvest framework. We have shared details of how VoyeurServer was developed and how it works so that data mining developers can develop their own customized data mining solutions built upon the Web-Harvest framework. We conclude the chapter with future directions of our data mining project so that developers can incorporate relevant features into their data mining applications.
Eyes wide open: Pupil size as a proxy for inhibition in the masked-priming paradigm

A core assumption underlying competitive-network models of word recognition is that in order for a word to be recognized, the representations of competing orthographically similar words must be inhibited. This inhibitory mechanism is revealed in the masked-priming lexical-decision task (LDT) when responses to orthographically similar word prime–target pairs are slower than orthographically different word prime–target pairs (i.e., inhibitory priming). In English, however, behavioral evidence for inhibitory priming has been mixed. In the present study, we utilized a physiological correlate of cognitive effort never before used in the masked-priming LDT, pupil size, to replicate and extend behavioral demonstrations of inhibitory effects (i.e., Nakayama, Sears, & Lupker, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 1236–1260, 2008, Exp. 1). Previous research had suggested that pupil size is a reliable indicator of cognitive load, making it a promising index of lexical inhibition. Our pupillometric data replicated and extended previous behavioral findings, in that inhibition was obtained for orthographically similar word prime–target pairs. However, our response time data provided only a partial replication of Nakayama et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 1236–1260, 2008. These results provide converging lines of evidence that inhibition operates in word recognition and that pupillometry is a useful addition to word recognition researchers’ toolbox.
Oncolytic poliovirus directs tumor antigen presentation and T cell activation in vitro

Meeting abstracts Our group has developed an oncolytic poliovirus, PVSRIPO, capable of lysing malignant cells while generating inflammation at the site of the tumor. PVSRIPO is a recombinant polio:rhinovirus chimera, engineered to eliminate neuropathogenicity, that has cancer tropism due to ectopic
The role of new progestins in women's health.

The need for safe and efficacious hormone use underlines the importance of long-term contraceptive options as well as safe short-term hormone replacement when symptoms and clinical judgment dictate this course of action. For contracepting women, new progestins have been introduced in an attempt to provide more effective options with fewer side effects. These have been designed to suit a variety of personal needs and life styles. These agents, found in oral contraceptives, injectables, transdermals, transvaginal rings and intrauterine systems, carry improved risk profiles and a wide range of noncontraceptive benefits. For the post-reproductive woman with a uterus the emphasis is on progestin options with the lowest dose and least systemic side effects. These options must, according to the U.S. FDA, prove not only their efficacy but also their safety. Ongoing studies will be necessary to ensure that menopausal women also enjoy safe hormone use for symptom reduction as well as other possible benefits.
Toxicity of Field-Weathered Insecticide Residues to Four Kinds of Bees

Toxicity of insecticides to the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (F.); the alkali bee, Nomia melanderi Cockerell; and the honey bee, A pis mellifera L., has been studied by us for several years (Johansen and Eves 1967, Johansen 1969). Recently I had an opportunity to add certain bumble bee species to the comparative studies. Specimens were obtained from nests of Bombus centralis Cresson and B. rufocinctus Cresson.
Newspaper Accounts of Racial Profiling: Accurate Portrayal or Perpetuation of Myth?

There is both speculation and debate surrounding the prevalence of racial profiling in the United States. Since most people do not directly experience this problem themselves, many rely on informat...
Multiple Roles of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Resistance of Biofilm and Detached Clusters

In this study, multiple roles of biofilm EPS were assessed with respect to the resistance of biofilm and detached biofilm clusters to chlorine disinfection. Strains from an opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (wild type, EPS- and EPS+) with altered extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion capabilities were tested. The impact of biofilm EPS quantity on disinfection was evaluated by monitoring biofilm viability, biofilm structure, removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and viability of detached biofilm simultaneously during chlorine disinfection. The obtained results suggested that the presence of EPS increased biofilm and detached biofilm resistance to chlorine in both presence and absence of DOM. The quantity of EPS had an effect on biofilm structure and the structural characteristics were closely related to both overall biofilm viability and the spatial distribution of viable cells within the biofilm. Additionally, the increased amount of EPS influenced selective removal of DOM with polar functional groups. However the DOM removal did not have a significant impact on the viability of biofilm cells during chlorine disinfection. Meanwhile, the viability of detached biofilm clusters, particularly the EPS overproducing strain, was significantly increased in the presence of DOM. The combined results suggested that biofilm EPS played multiple roles toward influencing the resistance of both biofilm and detached biofilm to disinfectant.
Secondary reactions of turbulent reacting flows over a film-cooled surface using OpenFOAM

Demand for greater engine efficiency and thrust-to-weight ratio has driven the production of aircraft engines with higher core temperatures and pressures. Such engines operate at higher fuel-air ratios, resulting in the potential for significant heat release and chemical reactions on a film-cooled surface. Currently, there is little basis for understanding the effects on aero-performance and durability due to such secondary reactions. In this paper, the chemically turbulent reactive film cooling over a surface with an inclined coolant hole is investigated by a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach with the shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model using OpenFoam. To take into account the secondary combustion resulting from the unburned fuels in the crossflow, a two-step reaction scheme was used for the combustion of propane. The relative increase in surface heat flux due to near wall reactions was investigated for film cooling with N2 and air injections. An eddydissipation concept fast chemistry approach was used to account for the turbulence– chemistry interaction. Results demonstrate that reactions in the turbine cooling film can result in increased heat transferred to the surface. Failure to design for this effect could result in augmented heat transfer caused by the cooling scheme, and turbine life could be degraded substantially. The analysis suggests that high fuel-air ratio designs may have to consider changes to cooling strategies to accommodate secondary combustion.
Evaluating for Interface Management Capacity of Supply Chain based on ANP

There are many interfaces between cells in supply chain. The interface management capacity influences the competition advantage. This paper analyzes the relationship between components and constructs the Analytical Network Process (ANP) model for interface management capacity evaluating, based on the description of operation activities and environment. This paper studies and gets the ANP converging super matrix by super decision software. In the end, the paper gives an example to evaluate the supply chain interface capacity of suppositional corporation.
77 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC MASTOIDITIS IN THE PRE- AND POST-PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE ERAS.

Background Studies have shown that the epidemiology, clinical course, and bacterial pathogens for acute otitis media (AOM) have changed in the seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (CPV) era. We hypothesize similar changes with mastoiditis, which may require an adjustment of empiric antibiotic therapy. Objectives To describe the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical course of mastoiditis in the pre-CPV (1/95-12/00) and post-CPV (1/01-4/05) eras. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to a tertiary care pediatric hospital with a discharge diagnosis of mastoiditis from 1/95-4/05. Etiological agents were determined by culture results from mastoid fluid, middle ear fluid, and/or blood. Results 139 charts were reviewed, with 78 pre-CPV and 61 post-CPV. Patient age ranged from 30 days to 18.2 years (median 4.4 years). Myringotomy tubes were placed in 60 (43%), and mastoidectomy was performed in 59 (42%). Etiological agents were determined in 68 (49%). The most common bacterial isolates from the 34 pre-CPV cases were S. pneumoniae (15), P. aeruginosa (10), S. aureus (6), and S. pyogenes (1) and from the 34 post-CPV cases were S. pneumoniae (12), S. pyogenes (8), P. aeruginosa (5), and S. aureus (5). S. pneumoniae was implicated in 15/34 (44%) of pre-CPV cases versus 12/34 (35%) of post-CPV cases (p = .46). Acute mastoiditis was diagnosed in 106/139 (76%), and chronic mastoidits (defined as $ 3 weeks of symptoms) was diagnosed in 33/139 (24%). S. pneumoniae was more likely to be implicated in acute vs chronic mastoiditis (30% vs 7%, p = .06), and P. aeruginosa was more likely to be implicated in chronic vs acute mastoiditis (40% vs 10%, p = .003). Sixty-seven percent of pre-CPV S. pneumoniae isolates were pan-sensitive compared to 33% in the post-CPV era (p = .09). Seven percent of pre-CPV S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone compared to 25% in the post-CPV era (p = .18). In the post-CPV era vs pre-CPV era, treating clinicians were more likely to choose empiric parenteral combination therapy with ceftriaxone (38% vs 6%, p
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in food with TaqMan-MGB probe based on real-time PCR assay

Objective:To establish a real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan-MGB probe for detection of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from foods to provide a rapid and accurate tool for monitoring food contamination.Methods:The primers and probe from conserved genomic sequence were designed based on TaqMan-MGB principle.The 5′ end of probe was labeled with FAM fluoresceins,and then the 3′ end of probe was labeled with MGB.The specificity,sensitivity and reproducibility of real-time PCR based on TaqMan-MGB probe were estimated.Finally,this assay was applied to detected specimens collected from market.Results:Campylobacter jejuni was idengtified by using real-time PCR combined with TaqMan-MGB probe accurately and quickly.Then the detection limit of this method for pure culture of Campylobacter jejuni was 10 cfu/ml.When this assay was applied directly to identify 50 clinical specimens,the results showed that 6 were positive to Campylobacter jejuni.The above results were the same to the results obtained from the conventional assays.Conclusion:It is demonstrated that real-time PCR combined with TaqMan-MGB probe reported here is a reliable,accurate and feasible assay and more sensitive than the conventional method.It can be applied to investigation of food poisoning and clinical inspection.
Modeling Progressive Settlement of a Railway Bridge Transition

This paper illustrates the impact of progressive settlement on a railway bridge transition using a three-dimensional dynamic numerical model that includes the train truck, rails, ties, ballast, subgrade, and bridge abutment and structure. A settlement law that relates tie load to ballast settlement is presented and demonstrated using an iterative fashion to evaluate bridge transition response to 28 MGT. The results illustrate: (1) development of the commonly observed dip about 2.5 to 3.7 m (8 to 12 feet) from the entrance bridge abutment, (2) tie-ballast gaps progressively increase in height and expand to ties outwards from the bridge abutment, (3) a redistribution of load to ties outwards from the bridge abutment as tie-ballast gaps develop and increase, and (4) a ballast surface profile that attempts to minimize tie loads by evenly distributing the wheel load amongst adjacent ties.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Regulation of Gene Expression from the Polyoma Late Promoter

An experimental system has been developed in which foreign coding sequences for easily assayed genes or selectable markers are placed under the control of the polyoma late promoter. The use of this system has allowed the elucidation of the cisacting elements that control expression from this promoter and the demonstration of transactivation of this promoter by the viral early proteins. In addition to these forms of transcriptional control, the results also suggest that late transcription, both in polyoma transformed cells and early in the course of a lytic infection, may also be regulated at a posttranscriptional level.
Abstract A95: Overall endometrial cancer survival among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women: A trend analysis of SEER reported cases 1992-2010

Objective: To compare demographic and tumor characteristics, treatment, and overall and cancer-specific survival of non-Hispanic White and Hispanic women with endometrial cancer. Background: Hispanics are one of the fastest growing minority groups in the U.S. Limited research has looked at age distribution, disease presentation, and outcome of endometrial cancer among ethnic minority women. Methods: We used public use data from the SEER registry between 1992 and 2010. Inclusion criteria included non-Hispanic and Hispanic women who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer after 1992; not missing age, the first course of treatment, lymphadenectomy or lymph node status; and not diagnosed by autopsy or death certificate Results: A total of 83,904 non-Hispanic and Hispanic patients were analyzed. Factors predictive of overall survival included being U.S.-born Hispanic, year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, being single or other marital status, stage, histology-based risk, grade, extent of lymphadenectomy, and the first course of treatment. Factors predictive of cancer-specific survival included year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, marital status, stage, other histology-based risk, grade, extent of lymphadenectomy, and the first course of treatment. Conclusions: U.S.-born Hispanic women with endometrial cancer exhibited significantly poorer overall survival compared to non-Hispanic white women even after controlling for confounding variables. There was no difference in overall survival or cancer-specific survival between U.S.-born and foreign-born Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Citation Format: Ana M. Rodriguez, ThuyQuynh Ngoc Do. Overall endometrial cancer survival among non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women: A trend analysis of SEER reported cases 1992-2010. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A95.
Gravitational-wave observations as a tool for testing relativistic gravity

Gravitational-wave observations can be powerful tools in the testing of relativistic theories of gravity---perhaps the only tools for distinguishing between certain extant theories in the foreseeable future. In this paper we examine gravitational radiation in the far field using a formalism that encompasses all "metric theories of gravity." There are six possible modes of polarization, which can be completely resolved by feasible experiments. We set forth a theoretical framework for classification of waves and theories, based on the Lorentz transformation properties of the six modes. We also show in detail how the six modes may be experimentally identified and to what extent such information limits the "correct" theory of gravity.
Urine Eicosanoids in the Metabolic Abnormalities, Telmisartan, and HIV Infection (MATH) Trial.

Objectives Arachidonic acid metabolites (eicosanoids) reflect oxidative stress and vascular health and have been associated with anthropometric measures and sex differences in cross-sectional analyses of HIV-infected (HIV+) persons. Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-γ agonist with potential anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits. We assessed telmisartan’s effects on urine eicosanoids among HIV+ adults with central adiposity on suppressive antiretroviral therapy enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. Methods Thirty-five HIV+ adults (15 women; 20 men) completed 24 weeks of open-label oral telmisartan 40mg daily. Lumbar computed tomography quantified visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal adipose tissue. Urine F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane B2 (TxB-M) were quantified at baseline and 24 weeks using gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Mann-Whitney-U tests compared sub-group differences; Spearman’s rho assessed correlations between clinical factors and eicosanoid levels. Results Median PGE-M increased on telmisartan (p 5% VAT (+3.7 ng/mg cr, p 5% SAT (+1.7 ng/mg cr, p = 0.04). Median baseline F2-IsoP and TxB-M were slightly higher in women (both between-group p = 0.08) and did not change on telmisartan. Conclusions Urine PGE-M increased with 24 weeks of telmisartan in virally suppressed, HIV+ adults with central adiposity. Associations with favorable fat redistribution suggest increased PGE-M may reflect a beneficial response.
TAMIES: A Study and Model of Adoption in P2P Resource Sharing and Indirect Exchange Systems

Peer-to-peer indirect exchange services, such as sharing sites that facilitate the lending and borrowing of physical goods among neighbors (such as NeighborGoods and Peerby), have not been as widely adopted as direct exchange systems, such as peer-to-peer platforms that facilitate the exchange goods and services for money (such as Uber and Airbnb). In order to understand contributing factors to this lack of adoption, we examined attitudes towards and usage of peer-to-peer resource-sharing sites among 37 residents of New York City, 9 of whom had previously used a peer-to-peer sharing site. In addition, to more deeply understand the role of trust on willingness to lend, we also conducted a survey with 195 respondents. Our findings show that people expressed concerns about violating norms of the kinds of objects suitable for sharing, about potential risks involved with entrusting a possession to somebody else, and about a dearth of available items that would be useful. Building upon previous technology acceptance models, critical mass theory, and prior research on peer economies, we propose a technology acceptance model for indirect exchange systems that includes generalized trust and ease of coordination.
Nonperturbative evolution of parton quasi-distributions

Abstract Using the formalism of parton virtuality distribution functions (VDFs) we establish a connection between the transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) F ( x , k ⊥ 2 ) and quasi-distributions (PQDs) Q ( y , p 3 ) introduced recently by X. Ji for lattice QCD extraction of parton distributions f ( x ) . We build models for PQDs from the VDF-based models for soft TMDs, and analyze the p 3 dependence of the resulting PQDs. We observe a strong nonperturbative evolution of PQDs for small and moderately large values of p 3 reflecting the transverse momentum dependence of TMDs. Thus, the study of PQDs on the lattice in the domain of strong nonperturbative effects opens a new perspective for investigation of the 3-dimensional hadron structure.