cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Docetaxel in sequential therapy for node-positive, early-stage breast cancer

The benefit of adding a taxoid to anthracycline therapy for the treatment of patients with earlystage breast cancer has been investigated in a number of studies. Of these, two in particular the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9344 study 1 and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B28 study 2 investigated the sequential use of paclitaxel after the AC (doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide) doublet, but the results, at median follow-up times of 69 months and 64 months, respectively, revealed differing outcomes in terms of overall survival (OS). More recently, the Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group conducted the GEICAM 9906 study, in which the addition of sequential weekly paclitaxel to the FE90C regimen (5-fluorouracil [5-FU] 600mgm–2/epirubicin; 90mgm–2/ cyclophosphamide 600mgm–2) was investigated. Thus far, after a median follow-up of 46 months, the results of this study have indicated that the addition of sequential paclitaxel to FE90C produced a significant increase in 4-year diseasefree survival (DFS), but not in OS 3. The corresponding study for docetaxel, which investigated the use of sequential docetaxel after the FE100C regimen, is the PACS 01 study, the results of which are due to be published in the very near future. The rationale for this study was based on the results of the French Adjuvant Study Group (FASG) 05 study, which established the FE100C regimen (5-FU 500mgm–2/epirubicin 100mgm–2/ cyclophosphamide 500mgm–2) as the reference
Exposure to Sexual Lyrics and Sexual Experience Among Urban Adolescents

Background Two thirds of all sexual references in music are degrading in nature, yet it remains uncertain whether these references promote earlier sexual activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex in popular music is independently associated with sexual behavior in a cohort of urban adolescents. Methods All ninth-grade health students at three large urban high schools completed in-school surveys in 2006 and 2007. Participants' exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex was computed with overall music exposure and content analyses of their favorite artists' songs. Outcomes included sexual intercourse and progression along a noncoital sexual continuum. Multivariable regression was used to assess independent associations between exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex and outcomes. Results The 711 participants were exposed to 14.7 hours each week of songs with lyrics describing degrading sex (SD=17.0). Almost one third of participants ( n =216) had previously been sexually active. Compared to those with the least exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex, those with the most exposure were more than twice as likely to have had sexual intercourse (OR=2.07; 95% CI=1.26, 3.41), even after adjusting for all covariates. Similarly, among those who had not had sexual intercourse, those in the highest tertile of exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex were nearly twice as likely to have progressed along a noncoital sexual continuum (OR=1.88; 95% CI=1.23, 2.88) compared to those in the lowest tertile. Finally, the relationships between exposure to lyrics describing nondegrading sex and sexual outcomes were not significant. Conclusions This study supports an association between exposure to lyrics describing degrading sex in popular music and early sexual experience among adolescents.
Voices: Exploring the Experiences of Non-Mental Health Professionals Working with Mexican Immigrants Affected by Deportation

With large numbers of immigrants living in the United States and a recent increase in deportations, it is imperative that mental health professionals are aware of the implications involved in working with immigrants affected by deportation. The perspectives of non-mental health professionals working with immigrants are valuable in providing insight into the complexity of issues encountered when working with this population. The participants discussed perceptions, reactions, perceived mental health needs, and recommendations for working with Mexican immigrants.
Scaling of rotational inertia in murine rodents and two species of lizard.

SUMMARY Because the force required to rotate a body about an axis is directly proportional to its rotational inertia about the axis, it is likely that animals with high rotational inertia would be constrained in their turning abilities. Given that rotational inertia scales with mass 1.67 in geometrically similar animals, whereas the ability to apply torque scales with mass 1.00 , larger animals would be expected to have more difficulty turning than smaller animals of similar shape. To determine how rotational inertia scales with body mass, we used the fact that the period of a physical pendulum is proportional to its rotational inertia 0.50 , and measured rotational inertia in two groups of vertebrates with greatly different body shapes: murine rodents ( Mus domesticus and Rattus norvegicus ) and lizards ( Iguana iguana and Varanus exanthematicus ). Rotational inertia did not deviate significantly from isometric scaling in the murine rodents as a group or in the varanid lizards, scaling with mass 1.63 and mass 1.59 , respectively. Although rotational inertia did scale with negative allometry in iguanas and rats alone, with mass 1.56 and mass 1.42 , respectively, it still increased much more quickly with increasing mass than the predicted ability to apply torque. This suggests either that these animals are not constrained by rotational inertia because of their relatively small size or that larger rodents and lizards are poorer turners than smaller ones. The murine rodents had a 3.0- to 4.9-fold lower rotational inertia than similarly sized lizards of either species. Given that the basal synapsids had body proportions and limb configurations similar to those of modern lizards, we suggest that the loss of the large muscular tail and elongated body form during the evolution of cynodonts and mammals reduced rotational inertia and probably improved turning ability.
What’s This Junk?

A 53-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic anemia, presents with gangrenous left foot and is scheduled for amputation. The patient was transfused red blood cells (RBCs) at the hospital 3 years ago and most recently 6 months ago; the antibody screen was negative at those times. A type and screen sample (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA anticoagulant) is submitted to the blood bank.
Agromyzidae (Diptera) Leafminers and Their Parasitoids in Weeds Associated with Tomato in Florida

Weeds adjacent to commercial tomato production fields on the west coast of Florida were surveyed during 1982–1983 to determine which species serve as reservoirs of Agromyzidae leaf miners and their parasitoids. About 95% of the leafminer larvae were observed in foliage of seven weed genera ( Solanum americanum Mill., Erechtites hieracifolia (L.), Bidens alba (L.), Gnaphalium spp., Physalis spp., Sonchus spp., and Rumex obtusifolius L.) and volunteer tomato even though these species accounted for only about 13–42% of the weed canopy. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and L. sativae Blanchard accounted for 45 and 40%, respectively, of the leafminer adults reared from infested foliage and were most prevalent from S. americanum and B. alba . The larval–pupal parasitoids Optus dissitus Muesebeck, Oenonogastra microrhopalae (Ashmead), and Halticoptera circulus (Walker) were the most abundant leafminer parasitoid adults reared from leafminer infested foliage, accounting for 37.8, 15.1, and 15.8%, respectively, of the total reared. The larval parasitoids Neochrysocharis punctiventris (Crawford), Diglyphus begini (Ashmead), and D. intermedius (Girault) accounted for 8, 5, and 2.5%, respectively.
Numerical algorithms for stationary statistical properties of dissipative dynamical systems

It is well-known that physical laws for large chaotic dynamical systems are revealed statistically. The main concern of this manuscript is numerical methods for dissipative chaotic infinite dimensional dynamical systems that are able to capture the stationary statistical properties of the underlying dynamical systems. We first survey results on temporal and spatial approximations that enjoy the desired properties. We then present a new result on fully discretized approximations of infinite dimensional dissipative chaotic dynamical systems that are able to capture asymptotically the stationary statistical properties. The main ingredients in ensuring the convergence of the long time statistical properties of the numerical schemes are: (1) uniform dissipativity of the scheme in the sense that the union of the global attractors of the numerical approximations is pre-compact in the phase space; (2) convergence of the solutions of the numerical scheme to the solution of the continuous system on the unit time interval $[0,1]$ modulo an initial layer, uniformly with respect to initial data from the union of the global attractors. The two conditions are reminiscent of the Lax equivalence theorem where stability and consistency are needed for the convergence of a numerical scheme. Applications to the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation and the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in a periodic box are discussed.
Water treatment residual (WTR)-coated wood mulch for alleviation of toxic metals and phosphorus from polluted urban stormwater runoff.

Aluminum-based water treatment residual (WTR)-coated wood mulches were synthesized and tested for removal of heavy metals and phosphorus (P) in synthetic urban stormwater. WTRs are an industrial waste produced from coagulation in water treatment facilities, primarily composed of amorphous aluminum or iron hydroxides. Batch tests showed that the composite filter media could effectively adsorb 97% lead (Pb), 76% zinc (Zn), 81% copper (Cu) and 97% P from the synthetic stormwater (Pb = 100 μg/L, Zn = 800 μg/L, Cu = 100 μg/L, P = 2.30 mg/L, and pH = 7.0) within 120 min, due to the presence of aluminum hydroxides as an active adsorbent. The adsorption was a 2(nd)-order reaction with respect toward each pollutant. Column tests demonstrated that the WTR-coated mulches considerably alleviated the select pollutants under a continuous-flow condition over the entire filtration period. The effluent Pb, Zn, Cu, and P varied at 0.5-8.9%, 33.4-46.7%, 45.8-55.8%, and 6.4-51.9% of their respective initial concentrations with the increasing bed volume from 0 to 50. Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests indicated that leached contaminants were all below the U.S. criteria, suggesting that the release of undesired chemicals under rainfall or landfilling conditions is not a concern during application. This study demonstrates that the WTR-coated mulches are a new, low-cost, and effective filter media for urban stormwater treatment. Equally important, this study provides a sustainable approach to beneficially reuse an industrial waste for environmental pollution control.
Study on the Countermeasures of Non-governance Credit Ensure the Financial Supply in Poverty Counties

The economic and financial development in poverty counties were lack of concerned,the rural finance in poverty counties were faced with serious inadequate of financial supply.The main reasons were the "three rural" inherent weaknesses,and operation of formal financial institutions defects.However,non-governance credit could make up for the "three rural" weak and formal financial deficiencies.As long as there was reasonable mechanism to standardize the credit flexibly,the potential risks could be avoided,and poverty countries would have ample supply of financial supply.
The correlation of localization rates of benzeneboronic acids in brain and tumor tissue with substituent constants.

Substituent constants and regression analysis have been used to correlate the localization of substituted benzeneboronic acids in brain and tumor tissue of mice. It is shown that localization in the brain can be rationalized in terms of one parameter, π, obtained from octanol: water partition coefficients. Localization in the tumor depends on an additional electronic parameter, δ. Localization in the boronic acid series is compared with biologic activity in a series of barbituric acids. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by Research Grant GM-07492 from the National Institutes of Health. We thank Edna W. Deutsch for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.
Role of individual gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues of activated human protein C in defining its in vitro anticoagulant activity

To evaluate the contributions of individual gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) residues to the overall Ca(2+)-dependent anticoagulant activity of activated human protein C (APC), we used recombinant (r) DNA technology to generate protein C (PC) variants in which each of the gla precursor glutamic acid (E) residues (positions 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, 26, and 29) was separately altered to aspartic acid (D). In one case, a gla26V mutation ([gla26V]r-PC) was constructed because a patient with this particular substitution in coagulation factor IX had been previously identified. Two additional r-PC mutants were generated, viz, an r-PC variant containing a substitution at arginine (R) 15 ([R15]r-PC), because this particular R residue is conserved in all gla-containing blood coagulation proteins, as well as a variant r-PC with substitution of an E at position 32 ([F31L, Q32E]r-PC), because gla residues are found in other proteins at this sequence location. This latter protein did undergo gamma-carboxylation at the newly inserted E32 position. For each of the 11 recombinant variants, a subpopulation of PC molecules that were gamma-carboxylated at all nonmutated gla-precursor E residues has been purified by anion exchange chromatography and, where necessary, affinity chromatography on an antihuman PC column. The r-PC muteins were converted to their respective r-APC forms and assayed for their amidolytic activities and Ca(2+)-dependent anticoagulant properties. While no significant differences were found between wild-type (wt) r-APC and r-APC mutants in the amidolytic assays, lack of a single gla residue at any of the following locations, viz, 7, 16, 20, or 26, led to virtual complete disappearance of the Ca(2+)-dependent anticoagulant activity of the relevant r-APC mutant, as compared with its wt counterpart. On the other hand, single eliminations of any of the gla residues located at positions 6, 14, or 19 of r-APC resulted in variant recombinant molecules with substantial anticoagulant activity (80% to 92%), relative to wtr-APC. Mutation of gla residues at positions 25 and 29 resulted in r-APC variants with significant but low (24% and 9% of wtr-APC, respectively) levels of anticoagulant activity. The variant, [R15L]r-APC, possessed only 19% of the anticoagulant activity of wrt-APC, while inclusion of gla at position 32 in the variant, [F31L, Q32gla]r-APC, resulted in a recombinant enzyme with an anticoagulant activity equivalent to that of wtr-APC.
Early Introduction to Professional and Ethical Dilemmas in a Pharmaceutical Care Laboratory Course.

Objective. To study the effects of an early professional development series in a pharmaceutical care laboratory (PCL) course on first-year pharmacy students’ perceptions of the importance of professional attitudes and action.Design. Three hundred thirty-four first-year students enrolled in a PCL course participated in a new required learning activity centered on development of professional attitudes and behaviors. Students discussed situational dilemmas in pharmacy practice in small groups, highlighting application of the Oath of a Pharmacist and the Pharmacists’ Code of Ethics.Assessment. Students completed an optional questionnaire at the beginning and end of the semester to assess change in their attitudes and behaviors related to professionalism in pharmacy practice.Conclusion. While students entered their training with a strong appreciation for professionalism, they felt more confident in applying the Oath of a Pharmacist and the Pharmacists Code of Ethics to dilemmas in practice following the new le...
Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Other Nutrients

This chapter discusses the cycling of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, and silicon. These nutrients, in addition to carbon, are central to the way aquatic ecosystems function. The nutrient cycles are all interrelated; none stands alone. Some forms of these nutrients, such as sulfide, ammonium, and nitrate, can cause water quality problems if they are present in large quantities. In addition, primary production can be limited by one or more of these nutrients (most commonly phosphorus and nitrogen), so the knowledge of their forms and cycling is an important part in understanding the functioning of an ecosystem.
Research on the Lower Fringe of Space

There are at least three main areas of active research in the region of the atmosphere directly accessible only to sounding rockets: interactions between the motions of the neutral atmosphere and the ionized portion; interactions, both by dynamic processes and by radiative transfer, between the upper and lower atmosphere; and refinement of indirect probing techniques which can be used to study this region from the ground or from satellites. Recent advances in these subjects have interesting practical implications as well as adding to our still incomplete knowledge of this part of the “fringe of space.”
AR-V7 and efficacy of abiraterone (Abi) and enzalutamide (Enza) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): Expanded analysis of the Johns Hopkins cohort.

5012Background: We previously reported an association between ARV7 detection and poor outcomes with Abi/Enza in 62 CRPC pts (NEJM 2014). Here, we expand our analysis to 202 pts, and also report the...
Characterizations of the 2013 Lublin MS Phenotypes in a Single-Center Dataset (P1.112)

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the Lublin phenotypes in a single center dataset. BACKGROUND: A Revision defining the clinical phenotypes of MS was recently described by Lublin et al. (2014). DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively examined the newly described phenotypes of MS in 176 longitudinally studied patients. Based on the Lublin schema, we categorized patients on a yearly basis into one of six clinical phenotypes, beginning with the first year of MS, after diagnosis. Phenotype 1 was stable relapsing remitting MS (RRMS); type 2 was active RRMS; type 3 was active secondary progressive MS (SPMS) with progression; type 4 was active SPMS without progression; type 5 was non-active SPMS but with progression; and type 6 was non-active SPMS and without progression. RESULTS: Of the 176 patients, 149 (84.7[percnt]) transitioned to some type of SPMS during their disease duration, while 27/176 (15.3[percnt]) patients continued to have RRMS during the 12.62±4.18 year follow up. None of the patients with RRMS had a final EDSS of equal to or greater than 6.0 at last examination, whereas 27/149 (18.1[percnt]) of the patients transitioning to SPMS remained at an EDSS of equal to or greater than 6.0, p=0.02. We found phenotype 3 to be rare, as only 10/176 (5.7[percnt]) patients progressed via this phenotype within one or more of the first ten years of disease. Patients progressing by type 3 had a higher EDSS score after ten years of disease duration (p<0.001) and a higher MS Severity Score (MSSS) at last examination (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We were able to characterize MS patients based on clinical phenotypes described by Lublin et al. (2014). Disclosure: Dr. Gettings has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hackett has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schramke has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scott has received personal compensation for activities with Acorda Therapeutics, Biogen Idec, Genzyme Corporation, Novartis, and Teva Neuroscience as a consultant and/or speaker.
Dilation of Fusion Pores by SNARE Protein Crowding

Hormones and neurotransmitters are released through exocytotic fusion pores that can fluctuate in size and flicker open and shut multiple times. The kinetics and the amount of cargo released, and the mode of vesicle recycling depend on the fate of the pore, which may reseal or dilate irreversibly. Pore nucleation requires zippering between vesicle-associated v- and target membrane t-SNAREs, but the mechanisms governing the subsequent pore dilation are not known. Past approaches either monitored single exocytotic pores in live cells with unknown biochemistry, or used reconstitutions that lacked single pore sensitivity. Here, we probed dilation of single fusion pores using v-SNARE-reconstituted ∼23 nm diameter discoidal nanolipoprotein particles (vNLPs) as fusion partners with cells ectopically expressing cognate, “flipped” t-SNAREs. A flipped t-SNARE cell is patch-clamped in the cell-attached configuration with the vNLPs included in the pipette solution. Fusion of a vNLP with the cell surface produces a pore connecting the cytosol with the pipette solution, through which direct-currents are measured under voltage clamp. The magnitude of the current reports pore size with sub-millisecond time resolution (Wu, Z. et al. Sci. Rep. 2016). We found that pore nucleation required a minimum of 2, and reached a maximum above ∼4 copies of v-SNAREs per NLP face. In contrast, the mean conductance of single pores increased as copy number was increased and was far from saturating at 15 copies, the NLP capacity. Thus, very different numbers of SNARE complexes cooperate at the distinct stages of fusion pore nucleation and pore dilation. We calculated pore size distributions and free energy profiles versus pore size. Combined with a mathematical model, these results suggest crowding of SNARE complexes at the pore waist drive pore expansion.
Preparing Principals on the U.S.-Mexico Border and Beyond: A Call to Confront Fear, Uncertainty, and the Marginalization of Mexican American Students.

ABSTRACTThe recent presidential election and an increase in anti-immigrant rhetoric and deportations foster greater uncertainty and fear in Mexican American immigrant communities. In the border city of El Paso, Texas, teachers and principals report how fear and uncertainty negatively impact their campuses, students, and school-family relationships. The purpose of this article is to prompt a regional and national discussion about the preparation of principals who work in Mexican American and immigrant communities, because current professional standards and so-called “best-practices” in school leadership do not sufficiently address the critical social justice issues central to supporting students and families in the present and immediate future. To catalyze this dialogue, I offer five school leadership recommendations developed in collaboration with El Paso teachers and school leaders working in Mexican American immigrant communities. I hope scholars, educators, policymakers, parents, and activists will col...
Política de la supervivencia / Politics of Survival

Resumen: Distintas intervenciones desde practicas activistas y culturales en torno al VIH escenifican poeticas y politicas del resto corporal en las que se juegan, por un lado, una reorganizacion de los modos en que se dramatiza en umbral entre lo vivo y lo muerto en lo publico –redefiniendo asi el tejido mismo de lo que llamamos “comunidad”—; y por otro, indican los modos en que estos activismos impulsan una disputa sobre los “marcos de temporalizacion” desde los cuales lo viviente se vuelve reconocible politicamente y donde la nocion de supervivencia adquiere una centralidad decisiva. Combinando materiales heterogeneos el articulo busca iluminar los modos en que los activismos y las culturas en torno al VIH configuran un terreno decisivo para pensar politicas de la supervivencia del presente. Palabras clave: VIH, ACT-UP, Supervivencia, Temporalidades, Biopolitica. Abstract: Different interventions from activist and cultural practices around HIV staged poetics and politics of the body remmant. They implie, on the one hand, a reorganitzation of the dramatization of the threshold between the living and the dead in the public space; and on the other, they indicate the ways in which these activisms mobilize a dispute over the “frames of temporalization” from which the living becomes politically recognizable and where the notion of survival acquires a decisive centrality. Combining heterogeneous materials, the article seeks to illuminate the ways in which activism and cultures on HIV constitute a decisive ground for thinking about the present policies of survival. Keywords: IHV, ACT-UP, Survival, Biopolitics.
Distinguishing between irritated seborrheic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma in situ using BCL-2 and IMP3 immunohistochemistry.

Background Distinguishing an irritated seborrheic keratosis (ISK) from a squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) can occasionally be challenging, both histologically and clinically. The purpose of this study was to determine if an immunohistochemical profile of select markers can aid in differentiating these two entities. Methods We randomly selected and stained 103 ISK and 111 SCCIS for EGFR, IMP3, and BCL-2. IMP3 staining was scored as negative or 0 (0% positive), 1+ (1%-25% positive), 2+ (26%-50% positive), and 3+ (>50% positive). BCL-2 and EGFR were graded as either positive or negative. Results Sixty five out of 103 (63%) ISKs were positive for BCL-2, none (0%) were positive for IMP3, and 18 (18%) were positive for EGFR. Fifteen out of 111 (14%) SCCISs were positive for BCL-2, 26 (23%) were positive for IMP3, and 27 (24%) were positive for EGFR. BCL-2 was moderately sensitive (63%) and specific (87%) in identifying ISK. IMP3 was specific (100%) but not sensitive (23%) for SCCIS. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the combination of IMP3 and BCL-2 may be of diagnostic utility in distinguishing between ISK and SCCIS in daily clinical practice. EGFR immunohistochemistry did not appear to be useful in this setting.
Exceptional Point Engineered Glass Slide for Microscopic Thermography

We demonstrate a thermosensitive glass slide with enhanced sensitivity by exploiting an optical exceptional point. The non-Hermitian exceptional point of the glass slide creates novel functionality for highly-sensitive thermal mapping compatible with conventional microscope systems.
DERMATOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES OTHER THAN HIV

This article focuses on the common skin manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases. A number of unusual skin lesions associated with these diseases are shown, and pathogenesis and treatment are briefly presented. This article will be most useful as a reference for the formulation of the differential diagnosis of genital area skin lesions.
Absolute Determination of Elastic Constants and Stresses from Ultrasonic Group Velocity Data

Last year we presented a paper on absolute stress determination from angular dependences of phase velocities in orthotropic materials [1]. No information about elastic constants or stresses is assumed to be known a priori. In this paper we describe the extension of this technique for determination of stresses and elastic properties from group velocity data.
Cosmic Type Responsibility

I define the cosmos as all material objects and energies in space and time, all particles and all events. And I use the term “cosmos,” “cosmic universe” or “universe” interchangeably. The cosmic universe is not a simple affair except insofar as it may be said to constitute a whole; (and whether it is a whole and whether as a whole it is finite or infinite, we do not at present know). It will not be necessary here to decide whether the universe is a whole except for the purposes of regarding its contents as constituting an interrelated network in which all of the particles are involved in activity-reactivity systems at various energy-levels. By asserting that the universe is a whole we are committed to nothing more than the assertion of the unity of its contents. But if it is a whole then it is unique, there being only one such material thing of which this is true.
Spinal Manifestations of the Skeletal Dysplasias

Skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the growth and development of bone and/or cartilage. Most dysplasias result in short stature, with height more than 2 standard deviations below the population mean for the given age. Spinal manifestations are common in patients with skeletal dysplasias [7]. Dysplasias currently associated with spinal deformity include achondroplasia, chondrodysplasia punctata, diastrophic dysplasia, Kniest dysplasia, Larsen syndrome, metaphyseal chondrodysplasias, metatropic dwarfi sm, mucopolysaccharidoses, pseudoachondroplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita and tarda, and spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia.
Use of Citizen Science to Improve Student Experience in Engineering Design, Manufacturing and Sustainability Education

Abstract This study used the unrealized potential of citizen science as an innovative educational tool with the aim of enhancing research and learning experience of students in several engineering design and manufacturing courses with a particular focus on sustainability-related topics. Citizen science has been employed as a data collection and educational tool in two engineering courses at the University at Buffalo in which students were tasked with reporting examples of good and bad designs they observe in their everyday life. The results revealed the significant potential of citizen scientists to report innovative and informative design and manufacturing ideas.
From the Spirit of Slip Boxes: Materiality and Media Technology in Jean Paul’s Leben des Quintus Fixlein

This article examines the medial interferences between Jean Paul’s citation of different technologies for managing information and his own way of writing and reading, namely in excerpts. Focusing o...
Qualified Immunity in a State Hospital

In Perniciaro v. Lea , 901 F.3d 241 (5th Cir. 2018), the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with the district court for the middle district of Louisiana in holding that privately employed employees providing services for a state psychiatric hospital are entitled to assert the qualified immunity
A Case Series of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury Requiring Mechanical Ventilation.

Objectives Vaping-associated lung injury has rapidly become a nationwide epidemic and a threat to public health. In this case series, we describe unique clinical features of severe vaping-associated lung injury, defined as respiratory failure due to vaping that requires mechanical ventilation. Data sources Clinical observation of four patients. Study selection Case series. Data extraction Data and images were extract from medical records after approval was obtained from the institutional review board. Data synthesis Four patients were admitted to the ICU with severe manifestation of vaping-associated lung injury. Although every case required mechanical ventilatory support (venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in one patient), all patients survived and were discharged without supplemental oxygen. Systemic corticosteroids were administered in three patients and N-acetyl cysteine in one. A postdischarge pulmonary function test in one patient was normal except for mildly decreased diffusing capacity. Conclusions Based on our experience, prognosis of severe vaping-associated lung injury appears favorable with aggressive supportive care, although there is evidence from existing literature that mortality rate might rise with increasing disease severity. Underlying mechanism of lung injury might be similar between vaping-associated lung injury and amiodarone pneumonitis. Foamy or lipid-laden macrophages, seen in both conditions, might be a marker of cytotoxicity from substances contained in e-cigarettes, such as vitamin E acetate. Systemic corticosteroids, and possibly N-acetyl cysteine, could be considered as therapeutic adjuncts in vaping-associated lung injury. Serial pulmonary function tests should be obtained in these patients to monitor for potential long-term complications. The primary limitations of this case series are its small sample and lack of longitudinal follow-up data.
Nickel catalyzed oligomerization of internal olefins: Towards lubricant basestocks and high cetane diesel fuels

Abstract Two Ni-diimine catalysts were synthesized in which the sterics of the imine-aryl groups were adjusted, and their reactivities towards 1-pentene and 2-pentene were studied. When the aryl groups are o-isopropyl-phenyl, oligomeric products are formed from 1-pentene and trans-2-pentene, but cis-2-pentene is unreactive under the reaction conditions. Characterization of the oligomers demonstrate that they form from a chain-walking mechanism, consistent with previous work on similar Ni-diimine catalysts used for polymerization. When the aryl groups are phenyl, pentene dimerization becomes dominant, and all three linear pentenes are reactive. These results show that decreasing the ligand sterics give increased rates of associative olefin substitution, thereby decreasing the size of the oligomeric products formed, consistent with previous work. Analysis of the products helps to determine the mechanisms by which the Ni-diimines react with linear olefins, demonstrating that in addition to olefin oligomerization via insertion into primary Ni–C bonds, both olefin isomerization and olefin insertion into secondary Ni–C bonds occurs. Due to chain-walking catalysts giving more linear, less branched products, the hydrogenated products can be desirable for lubricant and diesel fuel applications, depending on the size of the oligomers formed.
Morphological classification of dense objects in atom probe tomography data.

Abstract The technique of atom probe tomography is often used to image solute clusters and solute atom segregation to dislocation lines in structural alloys. Quantitative analysis, however, remains a common challenge. To address this gap, we combined a cluster finding algorithm, a skeleton finder algorithm, and morphological classification of dense objects to distinguish solute clusters from solute-decorated dislocation lines, both being characterized by high solute atom densities. The proposed workflow is packaged into a graphical user interface available through GitHub. We illustrate its application on a synthetic dataset containing known objects and apply it to an experimental dataset obtained from a proton-irradiated Alloy 625 that contains high densities of Si-decorated dislocations and Si-rich clusters.
I am ... , I have ... , I suffer from ... : A Linguist Reflects on the Language of Illness and Disease

Part personal documentary, part exercise in medical semantics, this essay brings the analytical tools of a linguist and the human perspective of a patient receiving treatment in the American health care system to bear on the language we use—for the most part unconsciously—to talk about illness and disease. Topics to be explored include linguistic ramifications of the illness/disease distinction; referring expressions for health disorders; the “linguistic construction” of disease (what's in a name?); the “translation” of biomedical information from the specialists' dialect into everyday idiom; and the metaphoric/symbolic dimension of body-parts and their afflictions.
Tracing and testing the COVID-19 contact chain: cost-benefit tradeoffs

Traditional contact tracing for COVID-19 tests the direct contacts of those who test positive even if the contacts do not show any symptom. But, why should the testing stop at direct contacts, and not test secondary, tertiary contacts or even contacts further down? The question arises because by the time an infected individual is tested the infection starting from him may have infected a chain of individuals. One deterrent in testing long chains of individuals right away may be that it substantially increases the testing load, or does it? We investigate the costs and benefits of testing the contact chain of an individual who tests positive and discover that it can both substantially reduce the cumulative infection count over time and reduce the testing load over time. We also discover a phenomenon of diminishing return beyond a threshold value on the depth of the chain to be tested in one go, the threshold then provides the most desirable tradeoff between benefit in terms of reducing the cumulative infection count and cost in terms of increasing the testing load.
Neural regulation of whole limb impedance: from measurements to mechanisms

Humans have a tremendous capacity to accurately and precisely control their limb mechanics during interaction with the physical world. The underlying neural mechanisms that ensure this limb stability are complex. This review serves to highlight the contemporary evidence for regulatory neural networks that manage this complexity through rapid adjustments in limb mechanics to meet the physical demands of functional movements. In particular, there are long-standing and emerging views on how the nervous system integrates proprioceptive feedback to refine motor commands and ensure limb stability via regulation of limb impedance. Limb impedance corresponds to force generation in response to externally imposed displacements of a limb. Much of this insight stems from pre-clinical and clinical studies that report abnormal changes in limb mechanics after damage to proprioceptive circuitry. These investigations provide compelling evidence that proprioceptive feedback pathways serve a more functional role than initially thought.
An Introduction to Colonial and Nineteenth-Century Rio de la Plata

The publication of this volume seeks to expand the scope of Atlantic history, heavily centered on the North Atlantic. By emphasizing the presence and agency of the English, Dutch and Portuguese in Spanish South America and their engagement with Spanish American agents, the chapters compiled in this volume place the Rio de la Plata and the Spanish Empire in a true, worldwide context. Transcending the interactions on the Atlantic shores, this volume includes studies that focus on Indigenous geographies and politics as well as regional economies, which challenge the top-down imposition of national boundaries and languages. The chapters contending with the trade that brought African slaves into this region, their experiences, strategies to achieve freedom, and their involvement in popular politics reinterpret the popular history of the Rio de la Plata to show that its dynamism deeply shaped national narratives. Likewise, the chapters that emphasize dissent among the elites, as well as their international outlook, invite the reader to rethink how and why the history of the region was written and rewritten in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The Relationship between Myoglobin, Aerobic Capacity, Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Mitochondrial Function in Fish Hearts.

The dynamic interactions between nitric oxide (NO) and myoglobin (Mb) in the cardiovascular system have received considerable attention. The loss of Mb, the principal O2 carrier and a NO scavenger/producer, in the heart of some red-blooded fishes provides a unique opportunity for assessing this globin’s role in NO homeostasis and mitochondrial function. We measured Mb content, activities of enzymes of NO and aerobic metabolism [NO Synthase (NOS) and citrate synthase, respectively] and mitochondrial parameters [Complex-I and -I+II respiration, coupling efficiency, reactive oxygen species production/release rates and mitochondrial sensitivity to inhibition by NO (i.e., NO IC50)] in the heart of three species of red-blooded fish. The expression of Mb correlated positively with NOS activity and NO IC50, with low NOS activity and a reduced NO IC50 in the Mb-lacking lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) as compared to the Mb-expressing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Collectively, our data show that NO levels are fine-tuned so that NO homeostasis and mitochondrial function are preserved; indicate that compensatory mechanisms are in place to tightly regulate [NO] and mitochondrial function in a species without Mb; and strongly suggest that the NO IC50 for oxidative phosphorylation is closely related to a fish’s hypoxia tolerance.
Recently Graduated Medical Students Lack Exposure to and Comfort with Chronic Liver Diseases.

The prevalence of chronic liver disease (CLD) is rising, but it remains unclear if medical school curricula are emphasizing CLD to reflect its growing epidemiology. To assess comfort levels and knowledge of CLD among recently graduated medical students An anonymous survey was distributed to incoming categorical Internal Medicine (IM) interns at a single academic institution during a 2-year period. The survey consisted of 38 Likert-like questions evaluating comfort levels and self-assessed knowledge for several general medicine and liver diseases, as well as 12 multiple-choice questions to objectively test knowledge. Wilcoxon ranked sum and Fisher’s exact test were then used. There was a 100% (n = 65) completion rate. Only 14 (22%) of those surveyed reported exposure to a hepatology rotation in medical school. Highest mean comfort levels (1 = not at all comfortable, 5 = very comfortable) were for managing congestive heart failure (3.59) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.77). Mean comfort levels for various liver diseases were significantly lower (2.22–3.03, all p < 0.01). Mean self-rated knowledge (1 = no knowledge, 5 = strong knowledge) was also low (2.14–3.13). Although 98% agreed that hepatology is critical to IM training, only 42% agreed that their hepatology education during medical school was adequate. Recently graduated medical students are less comfortable managing liver diseases compared to other general medical conditions. Only a minority report satisfaction with hepatology education during medical school. These findings suggest that medical curricula need to be modified to better emphasize CLD.
Early Outcomes with the Vantage Total Ankle Prosthesis

ABSTRACT The Vantage total ankle replacement is a modern prosthetic design not well investigated in the literature. The aim of the present study was to analyze the early outcomes and complications of the Vantage total ankle system. Twenty-two Vantage total ankle implants were included in this retrospective study. Survivorship, complication rate, patient satisfaction, postoperative brace use, and pain levels were evaluated. At a mean follow up of 24.6 months (range 24 to 32 months). there was a 4.54% (1/22) overall complication rate and 100% implant survivorship. Patient-reported pain scores decreased from an average 7.4 (range 5-10).preoperatively to 0.66 (range 0-3). postoperatively. Only 9.09% (2/22) of patients required a brace postoperatively, and there was a 100% patient-reported satisfaction rate. The Vantage total ankle system was associated with a low complication rate and positive early outcomes in terms of pain improvement and patient-reported satisfaction.
Closing Speech: Physics from Past to Future

Over the last few days we have been treated to a wonderful feast of first-hand accounts of the great physics discoveries of our time. For these heroic achievements there cannot be a “Closing Speech” in the usual sense.
Branching vs. Linear Time: Final Showdown

The discussion of the relative merits of linear- versus branching-time frameworks goes back to early 1980s. One of the beliefs dominating this discussion has been that "while specifying is easier in LTL (linear-temporal logic), verification is easier for CTL (branching-temporal logic)". Indeed, the restricted syntax of CTL limits its expressive power and many important behaviors (e.g., strong fairness) can not be specified in CTL. On the other hand, while model checking for CTL can be done in time that is linear in the size of the specification, it takes time that is exponential in the specification for LTL. Because of these arguments, and for historical reasons, the dominant temporal specification language in industrial use is CTL.In this paper we argue that in spite of the phenomenal success of CTL-based model checking, CTL suffers from several fundamental limitations as a specification language, all stemming from the fact that CTL is a branching-time formalism: the language is unintuitive and hard to use, it does not lend itself to compositional reasoning, and it is fundamentally incompatible with semiformal verification. These inherent limitations severely impede the functionality of CTL-based model checkers. In contrast, the linear-time framework is expressive and intuitive, supports compositional reasoning and semi-formal verification, and is amenable to combining enumerative and symbolic search methods. While we argue in favor of the linear-time framework, we also we argue that LTL is not expressive enough, and discusswhat would be the "ultimate" temporal specification language.
Machine translation inching toward human quality

The goal of reaching near-human quality translation probably depends on some degree of pre- and post-editing for years to come. But, the growing number of global corporations (such as Philips, Samsung, and HP) and international agencies and institutions (such as the UN and the European Commission) using the technology illustrates that machine translation - the first nonnumerical application of AI - is finally delivering practical solutions. Popular perception of MT has suffered from low-quality "gisting" translation that Web-based translation engines, such as Babelfish and other online services, generate. But MT engines designed for limited domains, and tailor-made systems that use controlled language, are already delivering services.
Mitotic activity in the lens rudiment of the chicken embryo before and after the onset of crystallin synthesis : I. Results of treatment with Colcemid.

1. Previous work has shown that the lens rudiment of the chicken embryo starts producing crystallins in stage 14 at the beginning of invagination (Ikeda and Zwaan, 1966). To establish if this appearance of organ-specific proteins is coupled with changes in cell replication, the mitotic activity in the anlage was determined by Colcemid treatment in stages 10 to 17. No significant differences in activity were noted between the center and the periphery of the organ in the stages studied or between stages of development. 2. We conclude that cessation of cell replication and the onset of crystallin production are not directly linked. 3. A mitotic duration of 24 min and a total cell cycle time of 15 h were calculated. The latter value does not agree with data from earlier studies using autoradiography after3H-thymidine application. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are discussed and caution is urged in the interpretation of cell cycle data obtained by treatment with mitotic inhibitors.
A theorem of Harrison, Kummer theory, and Galois algebras

Let R be a field and S a separable algebraic closure of R with galois group R . In [8] Harrison succeeded in describing R / ′ R in terms of R only. More precisely, he constructed a certain complex ( R, Q/Z ) and proved Hom c , where Hom c denotes continuous homomorphisms and H 2 stands for the second cohomology group of the complex . In this paper, which is mainly expository in nature, we reexamine Harrison’s proof and show how [8] connects with Kummer theory and the theory of galois algebras [16]. We emphasize that most of the ideas on which this paper is based originate in [8].
Neutrino mass and neutrino oscillations.

We begin by reviewing the present status of neutrino mass as it emerges from spectroscopic measurements and neutrino oscillation experiments. The following are the principal sources of information on neutrino mass.