cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental Attitudes and the Closed Belief-Disbelief System

Rokeach's Dogmatism Scale and eight scales of the father's form of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) were administered to 108 male undergraduates in a most highly selective college during the Fall semester, another group of 78 male undergraduates in the same college during the Spring semester, and a third group of 125 male undergraduates in a much less selective college. The scales used were “Fostering Dependency,” “Seclusiveness,” “Breaking the Will,” “Harsh Punishment,” “Demanding Activity,” “Deification of Parent,” “Ascendancy of Husband,” and “Suppression of Affection.” 23 of the 24 comparisons between the Dogmatism Scale and the eight PARI scales show positive correlations beyond the .01 level. The remaining correlation was positive but not significant. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that closed-minded people tend to hold parental attitudes which encourage their offspring not to intrude upon their belief-disbelief system and thus to promote a similar dogmatic...
New fitness sharing approach for multi-objective genetic algorithms

A novel fitness sharing method for MOGA (Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm) is proposed by combining a new sharing function and sided degradations in the sharing process, with preference to either of two close solutions. The modified MOGA adopting the new sharing approach is named as MOGAS. Three different variants of MOGAS are tested; MOGASc, MOGASp and MOGASd, favoring children over parents, parents over children and solutions closer to the ideal point, respectively. The variants of MOGAS are compared with MOGA and other state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms such as IBEA, HypE, NSGA-II and SPEA2. The new method shows significant performance improvements from MOGA and is very competitive against other Evolutionary Multi-objective Algorithms (EMOAs) for the ZDT and DTLZ test functions with two and three objectives. Among the three variants MOGASd is found to give the best results for the test problems.
The compatibility of the modal equations

Abstract The modal equations are shown to satisfy the compatibility conditions. The philosophical significance of the modal equations is discussed.
Upper-pressure stability of synthetic margarite plus quartz

Thermodynamic calculations have shown that the dP/dT slope of the reaction 4 margarite+3 quartz⇄5 kyanite +2 zoisite+3 H2O as determined by Storre and Nitsch (1974) is too steep. This reaction has been reinvestigated using synthetic margarite, zoisite, kyanite, and natural quartz in the starting mixtures and using infrared spectroscopy to examine the run products. The experimentally determined dP/dT slope ranges between −2.2 and −17 bars/ K, which is in excellent agreement with predictions based on thermodynamics. An internally consistent set of univariant curves could be fitted to the experimental reversals for the above reaction and for the reactions margarite+ quartz ⇄ anorthite+kyanite+H2O and 2 zoisite+kyanite +quartz ⇄ 4 anorthite+H2O investigated by Nitsch et al. (1981) and Goldsmith (1981), respectively. Addition of up to 40 mol % of the component NaAl2(Si3Al) ·O10(OH)2 (paragonite) to margarite will increase the stability of the margarite solid solution plus quartz by 2–3 kbar without significantly affecting the dP/dT slope, making the paragenesis margarite plus quartz a good geobarometer.
Evaluating the Accuracy and Efficiency of Complex Network Classification Algorithms

Determining the structure, and corresponding classification, of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks allows scientists to make inferences regarding the functions of proteins and protein complexes. Knowledge of structure can also be used to discover previously unidentified interactions and direct biological research of these PPI networks. Classification of a PPI network is completed by comparing the empirical network to a variety of model networks types (i.e. Networks that are not directly based on any empirical network). Before attempting to classify any empirical network it is essential to determine each algorithms ability to sort known model networks into their respective categories. For this paper, five classification algorithms (degree distribution distance, characteristic curve, relative graph let frequency, graph let degree distribution, and cross scoring) were tested on their ability to sort nine different model networks types into their respective categories. The model networks were all based on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PPI network. Results found the all of the algorithms, except cross scoring, to be extremely lacking in both accuracy and efficiency. The methods correctly classified networks less than 60% of the time suggesting that their ability to classify empirical PPI networks should be strongly questioned. Cross scoring had the highest scores in both accuracy and efficiency, correctly classifying 81% of networks correctly. This method, while drastically outperforming its competitors still has significant room for improvement.
BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN PLASMA OF PRETERM INFANTS FED FORMULAS WITH AND WITHOUT MEDIUM CHIN TRIGLYCERIDES

BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN PLASMA OF PRETERM INFANTS FED FORMULAS WITH AND WITHOUT MEDIUM CHIN TRIGLYCERIDES
Moisture absorption in unfilled and glass-filled, cross-linked polyester

Abstract The moisture uptake characteristics of unfilled and filled lyester resin at 60°C are reported. The objective was to determine the influence of filler on the moisture uptake properties of unfilled polymer. Diffusivity in the filled polyester is lower than in the plain resin. However, the filled resin absorbs significantly more water than unfilled polyester. Tensile load was found to have no effect on the water uptake in plain polyester. However, moisture absorption was affected by tensile load in 20% (by volume) bead-filled polyester and in SMC-R65. Increasing load increased the diffusion coefficient in SMC-R65. Combining rules predicted the diffusion coefficient in unloaded SMC-R65, but could not account for changes in diffusivity caused by tensile loading. In bead-filled polyester, the diffusion coefficient was accurately predicted when microstructural effects were accounted for.
Two-dimensional steady temperature distribution in a composite geometry reactor vessel subjected to nuclear radiation: An analytical solution

Abstract A two-dimensional solution is derived for the steady-state temperature profile in a reactor vessel considering internal heat generation, bimetallic structure and composite geometry. Numerical results are given for a typical case which can be used as the initial conditions for transient studies of vessels subjected to thermal shock.
Systolic & semi-systolic digit serial multipliers

Digit serial data transmission can be used to an advantage in the design of special purpose processors where communication issues dominate and where digit pipelining can be used to maintain high data rates. VLSI signal processing is one such problem domain. We propose designs of systolic and semi-systolic digit serial multipliers. These multipliers are programmable i.e. one operand is pre-stored in the multiplier and the other operand is fed in a digit serial fashion. The VLSI implementation of the systolic multiplier is also given. This systolic multiplier is used in our VLSI signal processing system.
Transfer RNA-primed oligoadenylate synthesis in maize seedlings. III. Deoxyoligonucleotide primers

Abstract Single stranded DNA can replace tRNA as the nucleic acid component required for ATP incorporation by the adenylating enzyme from maize seedlings. Preliminary data suggest that deoxyoligonucleotides serve as primers for addition of AMP moieties to 3′ hydroxyl termini. The strict requirement for manganese is abrogated by desalting the enzyme.
An optical absorption change that could be due to reduction of the primary photochemical electron acceptor in photosynthetic reaction centers

Abstract Reaction centers prepared from strain R-26 of Rhodopseudomonas , spheroides were used to study light-induced absorption changes in the presence of electron donating systems which would suppress spectral changes due to oxidation of P870 but which would not chemically reduce the primary photochemical electron acceptor. Under these conditions changes were observed that could be attributed to photochemical reduction of the primary acceptor.
POWER AND PREJUDICE: THEIR EFFECTS ON THE CO-CONSTRUCTION OF LINGUISTIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITIES

This article addresses how different types of, and differences in, power affect the micro-processes of face-to-face interaction as they contribute to the dynamic co-construction of identity of the interactants. The specific focus will be on linguistic and national identity when a French L1 speaker who is bilingual in American English and lives in the United States interacts with French speakers in France. Based on an authentic conversation, it will be shown that this speaker at first is proud of being bilingual and binational but then evidences ambivalence about and lack of confidence in his two languages when confronted by a native speaker with greater symbolic power who challenges his abilities in French and who is prejudiced against English and the United States. It is concluded that we must take into account the issue of symbolic power when studying those who are at the boundaries of linguistic and national identities.
The explicit synthesis of stabilizing (time optimal) feedback controls for the attitude control of a rotating satelite

The attitude stabilization problem for a spinning satellite controlled by two small jets may be modelled as a four-dimensional, nonlinear control system, linear in the controls. The recent feedback linearization theorem of Hunt and Su may be applied to transform this system, via state feedback and a local coordinate change, to a pair of uncoupled, two-dimensional, linear systems. Feedback controls for the problem of time optimal transfer to the origin for these linear systems are explicitly calculated and then transformed to give explicit feedback controls for time optimal stabilization in the original nonlinear problem. The theory is illustrated by sample calculations.
Individual responses to chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress

Differences in redox homeostatic control between cancer patients may underlie predisposition to drug resistance and toxicities. To evaluate interindividual differences in redox response among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients undergoing standard chemotherapy, urine samples were collected before (T0), and at 1 (T1) and 24 h (T24) after chemotherapy administration. Oxidative status was assessed by urinary levels of allantoin and four F2-isoprostanes, quantified by LC–MS/MS. In all subjects, biomarker levels increased at T1 and returned to baseline at T24. Analyzing individual responses, two patterns were revealed: 10 subjects showed uniform increases of biomarker levels at T1 (“increase” pattern) and 8 subjects showed mixed (increase/unchanged/decrease) responses for different biomarkers (“mixed” pattern). The increase-pattern group had lower pre-treatment (T0) levels of the biomarkers and showed a sharp increase at T1 (64–141%) with a subsequent decrease at T24. The mixed-pattern group had higher pre-treatment biomarker levels and showed no change in biomarkers either at T1 or at T24. These findings indicate that there may be at least two distinct redox phenotypes with different homeostatic mechanisms balancing oxidative stress in humans. Recognizing redox phenotypes in human populations may lead to more precise assessment of health risks and benefits associated with individual redox make-up, and may also help to identify cancer patients who are especially susceptible to drug resistance and/or drug toxicity.
Dual localization of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase in lysosomes and in microsomes. II. Membrane-associated enzymes.

The dual localization of certain hydrolases in lysosomes and in endoplasmic reticulum as studied in enzyme staining reactions is now supported by cytobiochemical studies on mouse liver and kidney β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. Use was made of the renal β-glucuronidase response to endogenous androgen for both studies. Accordingly, sucrose homogenates were prepared of liver and kidney of male BALB/C mice previously injected with gonadotrophin along with control animals receiving saline instead. The homogenates were subjected to differential ultracentrifugation yielding six fractions. These were characterized as to their organelle composition by measurements of “marker” enzymes and by observations with the electron microscope. In all subcellular fractions, β-glucuronidase was uniformly increased 5 to 8 times over the corresponding control value and, in fractions rich in lysosomes, this enzyme was easily released by alternate freezing and thawing. On the other hand, the microsomal β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase enzymes were not liberated by freezing and thawing nor were they after treatment with 0.1 % Triton X-100 and by employing other reagents and conditions which are known to release lysosomal enzymes. In contrast to microsomal acid phosphatase, microsomal β-glucuronidase activity could be liberated by treatment with hyaluronidase. This soluble β-glucuronidase showed the same optimum pH, Michaelis Constant and heat inactivation behavior as the lysosomal β-glucuronidase prepared by freezing and thawing treatment. These observations define two populations of microsomal vesicles each identifiable by an individual membrane-associated acid hydrolase. One of these β-glucuronidase, increases in specific activity in the animal on androgens and is released by hyaluronidase and the other, acid phosphatase, does not respond to androgen and is not released by hyaluronidase. There would appear to be a variety of mechanisms by which hydrolases enter into association with the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and from there, a variety of routes to the lysosomes. A comment is made concerning the question of acid phosphatases and β-glucuronidase as enzyme markers for lysosomes in mouse kidney.
A high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for the SN transport equations on 2D unstructured triangular meshes

Abstract This paper presents high-order numerical solutions to the S N transport equation on unstructured triangular meshes using a Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method (DGFEM). Hierarchical basis functions, up to order 4, are used for the spatial representation of the solution. Numerical results are provided for source-driven and eigenvalue problems. Convergence rates (as a function of the mesh size and CPU time) are discussed.
γ-Methylthiobutyric acid as a growth stimulant

Abstract γ-Methylthiobutyric acid, an analog of methionine, was found to stimulate the growth rate of Escherichia coli, Bacillus pumilis and Spirodela polyrhiza . The secretion of protease by B. pumilis was also enhanced. Two possible hypothesis for the observed growth stimulation are suggested.
Dynamic Recrystallization of AA5083 at 450 °C: the Effects of Strain Rate and Particle Size

This article presents a study of the dynamic recrystallization that occurs when AA5083 is deformed at elevated temperatures and strain rates typical of those observed in quick plastic forming (QPF). Strain rates between 0.0005 and 0.3/s were used for these tests, which were performed with the samples at 450 °C. The results showed that for strain rates at or below 0.01/s, no recrystallization occurred. At higher strain rates, recrystallization did occur in the most highly strained regions of the sample. The recrystallized grain size was smallest at the highly-strained fracture point and increased in size as one moved away from the fracture end toward the grip of the sample. Below a critical strain, no further recrystallization was observed. This critical strain decreased with increasing strain rate and with an increase in the diameter of the largest constituent particles in the sample. Analysis of the results showed that both a critical strain rate and critical strain were required to achieve dynamic recrystallization. Humphrey’s model for critical strain rate gave qualitative agreement with experimental results, but the fact that the strain rate in the necked region of the sample increases above the nominal strain rate made a more detailed comparison with the model difficult.
Capillary-Based Liquid Micro/Nano Deposition

Micro/Nanolithography is a creation of micro/nano features on the substrate. Several lithography techniques have been recently developed, including dip-pen nanolithography, nano-imprint lithography, electron-beam lithography, and photolithography. However, all these techniques possess some limitations because of a direct contact with the substrate. This paper proposes a new method that is non-invasive both to the substrate and to the writing tip. The method is based on hollow capillary filled with liquid to be deposited. The application of pressure from one side of capillary causes the liquid meniscus to form at the capillary outlet. Touching the substrate with the meniscus only leads to the liquid bridge formation between the capillary and the substrate. Withdrawing the capillary away from the substrate causes deposition of liquid droplet on the substrate. Theoretical modeling reveals two possible regimes of the liquid bridge formation: stable — “good” bridge and unstable — “bad” bridge. Liquid bridge stability map was created based on two parameters: liquid pressure and the capillary-substrate distance. It was found that the main parameter responsible for the deposition process is the applied pressure. Three pressure ranges were identified with different deposition scenarios. The influence of liquid-capillary and liquid-substrate equilibrium contact angles along with the capillary wall thickness on the liquid bridge stability is discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Ordinal Position Knowledge within and across Lists as a Function of Instructions in Free-Recall Learning

(1968). Ordinal Position Knowledge within and across Lists as a Function of Instructions in Free-Recall Learning. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 301-307.
A multiscale thermal modeling approach for ballistic and diffusive heat transport in two dimensional domains

Abstract The modeling of heat transport for small length scales requires accounting for the physics of heat carrier transport such as the propagation, scattering, and relaxation of phonons. However, the models used to describe such phenomena are often too computationally expensive to model large domains where relevant system boundaries are far removed from the region where ballistic-diffusive phonon transport is dominant. To address the response of such systems to its far field thermal boundary conditions, a multiscale thermal model is needed to efficiently account for transport phenomena in each domain. In this work, a multiscale thermal modeling approach is presented where the transport of phonons is treated with a Finite Volume Discrete Ordinates Model (FVDOM) solution to the phonon Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) which is embedded in a region treated by diffusive thermal transport. The approach shows that it is possible to create a coupled multiscale model where the boundary conditions of the FVDOM model are derived from the diffusive transport model. The limitations of the method and the key parameters for accurate modeling are investigated and discussed. The final model is used to explore the impact of the size of heat generation regions with respect to the overall domain size on the peak temperature. The results show that by using such a model it is possible to capture the ballistic-diffusive transport in pertinent areas of a domain that is mostly dominated by diffusive transport.
Arginylation of ß-Actin Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

Posttranslational arginylation is critical for mouse embryogenesis, cardiovascular development, and angiogenesis, but its molecular effects and the identity of proteins arginylated in vivo are unknown. We found that beta-actin was arginylated in vivo to regulate actin filament properties, beta-actin localization, and lamella formation in motile cells. Arginylation of beta-actin apparently represents a critical step in the actin N-terminal processing needed for actin functioning in vivo. Thus, posttranslational arginylation of a single protein target can regulate its intracellular function, inducing global changes on the cellular level, and may contribute to cardiovascular development and angiogenesis.
Direct observation of deformation processes in crystal mushes

Abstract Isothermal microstructural development in deforming, melt-bearing crystal mushes is studied using synkinematic microscopy and a polyphase, thiocyanate system. The aim of the work is to contribute to the basis for understanding the origin of microstructures in rocks which have undergone melt-present deformation. During high strain rate, pure shearing experiments, microstructures indicating crystal plasticity and dynamic recrystallization are observed. During low strain rate, pure shearing experiments, a pressure solution-like process called contact melting is active, resulting in optically strain-free crystals. Crystal boundary sliding is active in both regimes. Framework scale processes such as filter pressing, grain flow, and development of a micro shear zone are illustrated. Some of these processes are cryptic microstructurally, and may be difficult or impossible to recognize in rocks. The validity of the experimental system as an analog for magmatic systems is discussed. We conclude that the experiments can serve as a source of ideas to test against the evidence from rocks, but that no direct analogy to the behavior of natural crystal mushes has been, or will readily be, established.
Regulation of the renal Na-HCO3 cotransporter: V. Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone

Regulation of the renal Na-HCO 3 cotransporter: V. Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone. PTH administration decreases proximal HCO 3 reabsorption and inhibits the brush border Na-H anti-porter. We studied the effect of PTH on the renal Na-HCO 3 cotransporter and examined whether this effect is mediated through the adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP system or through the phospholipase A pathway. We studied the effect of PTH [1–34] on the Na-HCO 3 cotransporter activity in rabbit renal basolateral membranes incubated with 50 µ m ATP by measuring the 22 Na uptake in the presence of HCO 3 and gluconate. Na-HCO 3 cotransporter activity (expressed in nmol/mg protein/3 seconds) was taken as the difference in 22 Na uptake in the presence of HCO 3 and gluconate. PTH (10 -10 m) completely inhibited Na-HCO 3 cotransporter activity from 1.23 ± 0.14 to -0.58 ± 0.23, P 3 cotransporter was prevented by the polyclonal antibody against G α s indicating that PTH acts through G α s protein. Because Gas stimulates adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP system, we examined the effect of PTH in the presence and in the absence of the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, dideoxyadenosine (DDA). DDA alone (10 -4 m) stimulated the Na-HCO 3 cotransporter activity. In the presence of DDA, the net inhibitory effect of PTH was the same magnitude as that of control, suggesting the existence of other pathways for the effect of PTH on the cotransporter. Calmodulin inhibition also partially prevented the effect of PTH. To determine whether the inhibitory effect of PTH is mediated at least in part, through phospholipase A, we first examined the effect of PTH on arachidonic acid release and then measured the Na-HCO 3 cotransporter activity in presence and in absence of arachidonic acid or eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA), an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism. PTH significantly increased the release of arachidonic acid by isolated proximal tubule cells and arachidonic acid inhibited the Na-HCO 3 cotransporter in basolateral membranes. ETA (3 µ m) partially prevented the inhibitory effect of PTH. In cultured proximal tubule cells, PTH inhibited the HCO 3 -dependent 22 Na uptake and ethoxyresorufin, an inhibitor of cytochrome P--450, blocked the inhibitory effect of PTH on the cotransporter. These results demonstrate that PTH inhibits the renal Na-HCO 3 cotransporter through multiple mechanisms, that are mediated through G proteins, G α s and G P , and CaM-KII.
Elections and Wall Street: Taking Stock of Parties and Presidents:

he interface between economic enterprise and political processes in Western, capitalist democracies is a subject of longstanding interest to social scientists. As it has been operationalized in recent work in political science, however, the term "economics" has been equated with "macroeconomic conditions." Thus most contemporary work in this context has had little to do with the business community itself. As scholarly interest in the subject of economics and politics has developed, the more particular interest in business and politics has tended to atrophy. The classic work on politics and the national business community, American Business and Public Policy (Bauer, Pool and Dexter 1963), seems not to have spawned other classics. We wish to resurrect that focus on business in this paper as we examine the relationship between national electoral forces and that symbol of American business, Wall Street.
Silicon ribbon growth via the ribbon-to-ribbon (RTR) technique: Process update and material characterization

The current state of development of the RTR process for silicon ribbon growth is reviewed. Present growth capabilities, material characterization, and device performance are summarized. Specific process problems, such as poor laser coupling efficiencies, are discussed and approaches to their solution are described. Problems related to thermal stresses are discussed in some detail. Stress induced birefringence measurements are used to evaluate residual stresses. A linear temperature profile postheater is effective for reduction of residual stresses. A correlation may be obtained between minority carrier diffusion lengths, dislocation densities, and thermal stress levels.
Mass trauma and emotional healing around the world: rituals and practices for resilience and meaning-making

Mass Trauma and Emotional Healing Around the World brings together a collection of papers addressing different types of healing practices from a variety of cultures around the world. Writers descri...
Lung Toxicity and Tumor Promotion by Hydroxylated Derivatives of 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and 2-tert-Butyl-4-methyl-6-iso-propylphenol: Correlation with Quinone Methide Reactivity

Acute pulmonary toxicity and tumor promotion by the food additive 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) in mice are well documented. These effects have been attributed to either of two quinone methides, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylenecyclohexa-2,5-dienone (BHT-QM) formed through direct oxidation of BHT by pulmonary cytochrome P450 or a quinone methide formed by hydroxylation of a tert-butyl group of BHT (to form BHTOH) followed by oxidation of this metabolite to BHTOH-QM. BHTOH-QM is a more reactive electrophile compared to BHT-QM due to intramolecular interactions of the side-chain hydroxyl with the carbonyl oxygen. To further examine this bioactivation pathway, an analogue of BHTOH was prepared, 2-tert-butyl-6-(1'-hydroxy-1'-methyl)ethyl-4-methylphenol (BPPOH), that is structurally very similar to BHTOH but forms a quinone methide (BPPOH-QM) capable of more efficient intramolecular hydrogen bonding and, therefore, higher electrophilicity than BHTOH-QM. BPPOH-QM was synthesized and its reactivity with water, methanol, and glutathione determined to be >10-fold higher than that of BHTOH-QM. The conversions of BPPOH and BHTOH to quinone methides in lung microsomes from male BALB/cByJ mice were quantitatively similar, but in vivo the former was pneumotoxic at one-half of the dose required for the latter and one-eighth of the dose required for BHT, as determined by increased lung weight:body weight ratios following a single i.p. injection. Similar differences were found in the doses of BHT, BHTOH, or BPPOH required for tumor promotion after a single initiating dose of 3-methylcholanthrene followed by three weekly injections of the phenol. The downregulaton of calpain II, previously shown to accompany lung tumor promotion by BHT and BHTOH, also occurred with BPPOH. The correlation between biologic activities of these phenols and the reactivities of their corresponding quinone methides provides additional support for the role of BHTOH-QM as the principal metabolite responsible for the effects of BHT on mouse lung.
Alternative assignments for the vibrational structure of the 3B1-X1A1 band system of SO2

Abstract Two assignments for the 3 B 1 -X 1 A 1 band system of SO 2 are presented. Vibrational constants for the triplet state are calculated for both assignments. It is shown that both assignments are consistent with existing experimental information on band locations, band intensities, and isotopic shift data. Possible experimental methods to distinguish between the two assignments are briefly discussed.
The Coase conjecture need not hold for durable good monopolies with depreciation

Abstract We consider the optimal sales policy for a monopoly seller of a durable good in a non-stationary rational expectations equilibruim with replacement sales. We show that Coase's conjecture that the monopolist will sell the competitive stock as period length approaches zero may not hold under these assumptions.
Evaluation of resonant acoustic mixing performance

Abstract An experimental investigation was carried out to study the mixing performance of a laboratory-scale ResonantAcoustic® Mixer (LabRAM). The first part of the study summarizes the results of a fractional factorial design of experiments used to determine the main effects of process parameters (fill level, acceleration, and blending time) on blend homogeneity. Studies were carried out for several blends having various values of particle size, cohesion and concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The second part of the study describes the LabRAM mixing performance as a function of process parameters (fill level and acceleration) and total blending time. The blend homogeneity was quantified by estimating the relative standard deviation (RSD) for low concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (acetaminophen, 3% w/w) and lubricant (magnesium stearate, 1% w/w) blend. Overall, the LabRAM reached the minimum blend homogeneity in as low as 30 s depending on process parameters. The temperature of the final blend increased with fill level, time and acceleration. Resonant acoustic mixing can significantly reduce blending time, making it a good candidate for improving the efficiency of powder mixing processes.
Plasma exchange in a 13-year-old male with acute intravascular hemolysis and acute kidney injury after placement of a ventricular assist device

Intravascular hemolysis and resulting plasma-free hemoglobin elevation has been associated with acute kidney injury via several mechanisms. Proximal tubular injury due to iron compound deposition and nitric oxide sequestration with subsequent impairment of the microcirculation and hypoperfusion are specific adverse effects of intravascular hemolysis that may contribute to acute kidney injury. Therefore, removal of plasma-free hemoglobin and restoration of normal nitric oxide vasodilatory mechanisms may play a beneficial role in treating acute kidney injury secondary to acute intravascular hemolysis. We report herein the case of a 13-year-old patient with severe intravascular hemolysis and acute kidney injury and describe the role of plasma exchange with plasma replacement in his successful recovery. J. Clin. Apheresis 27:274–277, © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA Amplification Fingerprinting Using Arbitrary Mini-hairpin Oligonucleotide Primers

The enzymatic amplification of DNA directed by very short oligonucleotides of arbitrary sequence produces complex DNA profiles useful for genome analysis and identity testing. Mini-hairpins harboring a "core" arbitrary sequence at the 3' terminus primed the amplification of a wide range of templates ranging from plasmid DNA to plant and animal genomes. Primer core regions of only 3 nucleotides produced complex fingerprints, but the hairpin sequence also influenced the amplification reaction. Oligonucleotide substitution with degenerate bases tailored the complexity of fingerprint patterns. Simulation studies of the amplification of plasmids pUC18 and pBR322 using primers with short arbitrary cores allowed assignment of amplification products to expected regions and revealed physical interaction between annealing sites during amplification of first-round products. Mini-hairpin primers can increase detection of polymorphic DNA, and be used to study subgenomic fragments like yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), cloned DNA and PCR products.
Smoking behaviors of women after diagnosis with lung cancer

Summary. The purpose of this study was to describe the smoking behavior of women with a recent diagnosis or recurrence of lung cancer. A convenience sample of women (N=65) participated in interviews about their smoking status, their perception of the effect of their diagnosis on the smoking behaviors of others, and self reports of symptom distress and functional status. Content analysis of the audiotapes was used to classify responses. Exemplars describe feelings related to smoking, smoking cessation, and responses of others. Current smokers were likely to be younger (F460=4.3, p<.05). In this small sample, symptom distress and functional status were not statistically differentiated by smoking status; current smokers had the greatest mean distress from cough. Diagnosis had a variable effect on the smoking behavior of family members with over 25% stopping smoking in response to the diagnosis; 31 % of smoking spouses continued to smoke.
Research on the human brain in an epilepsy surgery setting

Recent advances in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of epilepsy have derived, to a large extent, from improvements in designing parallel human and animal studies. This is the result not only of better animal models of human epileptic phenomena, but of an increasing ability to carry out detailed invasive studies on patients in the course of surgical treatment for medically refractory epilepsy. In addition to interictal and ictal video-EEG recordings with chronic depth and subdural electrodes, it is also possible to sample single-unit activity with chronically implanted microelectrodes, and measure constituents of extracellular fluid with chronically implanted microdialysis probes, using protocols that in the past were possible only in the experimental animal laboratory. Subsequent surgical resection provides tissue that can be used for electrophysiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular biological investigations. Patients in epilepsy surgery facilities represent a precious resource for research that should be utilized to the fullest extent possible by basic scientists interested in mechanisms of epilepsy. It is particularly important that invasive research be pursued now, because improved diagnostic technology is greatly reducing the need for chronic intracranial electrode recordings, and surgical approaches that do not yield tissue could be used more commonly in the future. Therefore, the capacity to carry out invasive research in the context of epilepsy surgery may diminish greatly over time. To take full advantage of these opportunities, carefully designed iterative experimental protocols are necessary to characterize abnormalities in the human epileptic brain, to create appropriate experimental animal models to study these phenomena in greater detail, and to return to the human brain to validate the clinical relevance of observations made on animals. It is also important, however, to recognize certain unavoidable limitations of human research, including ethical considerations, variability inherent in the clinical setting, imprecision in defining target areas, lack of control data, and small subject numbers, which continue to make animal investigations essential to the achievement of our goals of defining fundamental mechanisms of human epileptic phenomena.
Mechanical ventilation as a bridge to lung transplantation

Data describing the use of ventilation as a bridge to lung transplantation are scant. However, data from the International Registry suggest that patients who are ventilated at the time of transplantation are at increased risk. The decision to offer invasive ventilatory support to a lung transplant candidate with acute respiratory failure should be individualized and based on variables that include likelihood of expeditious transplantation, and the presence of a reversible superimposed process. A trial of NPPV is justified in patients who present in acute respiratory failure, but is more likely to be successful in patients with hypercapnia and chronic airway obstruction. Lung transplant candidates with chronic respiratory insufficiency secondary to obstructive airway disease are at increased risk of acute respiratory failure, and a trial of NPPV might be considered on an individual basis after maximization of conventional medical therapy. More research in this area is necessary to further define the roles of both invasive and noninvasive ventilation as bridge therapy to lung transplantation.
Virtual and Real-World Ontology Services

Both augmented-reality and virtual world applications must model semantic knowledge about real- or virtual world objects. The current generation of virtual world platforms provides limited facilities for representing this kind of knowledge, but a next generation will provide the means to tie semantic information to general or application-specific ontology services. This article motivates the need for ontology services, outlines several approaches for associating ontology concepts with objects and locations, and discusses how to populate common-sense ontologies using data harvested from real and virtual worlds.
The state of molybdena-alumina catalyst during thiophene hydrogenolysis

Abstract Previous studies on the state of molybdenum in molybdenum-containing hydrodesulphurisation catalysts are reviewed. Work has concentrated mainly on the phase structures of oxidised, reduced or sulphided catalysts and hydrogenolysis activities; the states of the catalysts under reaction conditions were not well defined. Recent studies have been directed at a better definition of the state of the thiophene-reacted catalyst. It was found that exposure of a pretreated catalyst to thiophene greatly alters its composition and transient activity. By using a new technique involving stoichiometric calculations on steady state catalysts, it is shown that catalyst activity can be related to the concentration of dual surface sites involving anion vacancies and surface sulphide plus oxide sites. It is supposed that anion vacancies are sites for thiophene adsorption and surface sulphide/oxide sites for hydrogen adsorption and that reaction is controlled by a surface reaction between the adsorbed species on these sites. Kinetic studies are shown to be consistent with this model.
A case control study of multiple myeloma at four nuclear facilities.

Abstract PURPOSE: Reported elevations of multiple myeloma among nuclear workers exposed to external penetrating ionizing radiation, based on small numbers of cases, prompted this multi-facility study of workers at US Department of Energy facilities. METHODS: Ninety-eight multiple myeloma deaths and 391 age-matched controls were selected from the combined roster of 115,143 workers hired before 1979 at Hanford, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Savannah River site. These workers were followed for vital status through 1990 (1986 for Hanford). Demographic, work history, and occupational exposure data were derived from personnel, occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, and health physics records. Exposure-disease associations were evaluated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Cases were disproportionately African American, male, and hired prior to 1948. Lifetime cumulative whole body ionizing radiation dose was not associated with multiple myeloma, however, there was a significant effect of age at exposure, with positive associations between multiple myeloma and doses received at older ages. Dose response associations increased in magnitude with exposure age (from 40 to 50) and lag assumption (from 5 to 15 years), while a likelihood ratio goodness of fit test reached the highest value for cumulative doses received at ages above 45 with a 5-year lag (X2=5.43,1 df; relative risk = 6.9% per 10 mSv). Dose response associations persisted with adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple myeloma was associated with low level whole body penetrating ionizing radiation doses at older ages. The exposure age effect is at odds with interpretations of A-bomb survivor studies but in agreement with several studies of cancer among nuclear workers.
Superplastic Deformation Mechanisms of Mechanically Alloyed Aluminum

The superplastic deformation of mechanically alloyed aluminum has been shown to occur at unusually high strain rates. Although superplastic elongations of up to 570% have been obtained, the strain rate sensitivity, m, is low, between 0.25 and 0.3. An analysis of the threshold stresses present due to the dispersed particles indicates that the rate limiting deformation mechanism is not grain boundary sliding (which was observed), but solute atom drag of dislocations in the bulk of the grains. Deformation in the superplastic regime occurs without cavitation, due to rapid diffusion and easy intragranular slip to accommodate stress concentrations in the boundary
Corticosteroids and immunomodulators: postoperative infectious complication risk in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Abstract Background & Aims: Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease receive corticosteroids and 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine during elective bowel surgery. We investigated the postoperative infection risk for patients undergoing elective bowel surgery who were receiving corticosteroids and/or 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine before surgery compared with patients not receiving these medications. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 159 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who underwent elective bowel surgery. There were 56 patients receiving corticosteroids alone, 52 patients receiving 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine alone or with corticosteroids, and 51 patients receiving neither corticosteroids nor 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine. Postoperative infectious complications to time of discharge were categorized into major and minor complications. Results: Patients receiving corticosteroids had an adjusted odds ratio for any and major infectious complications of 3.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–10.97) and 5.54 (95% CI, 1.12–27.26), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for patients receiving 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine for any and major infectious complications was 1.68 (95% CI, 0.65–4.27) and 1.20 (95% CI, 0.37–3.94), respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative use of corticosteroids in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are undergoing elective bowel surgery is associated with an increased risk of postoperative infectious complications. 6-Mercaptopurine/azathioprine alone and the addition of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine for patients receiving corticosteroids was not found to significantly increase the risk of postoperative infectious complications.
The Effects of Resistivity and Stability-Combined Exercise for Lumbar Muscles on Strength, Cross-Sectional Area and Balance Ability : Exercises for Prevention of Lower Back Pain

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a resistance and stabilization complex exercise on the strength and cross-sectional area of lumbar muscles of typical adults in their twenties. [Subjects and Methods] For this study, 14 male adults in their twenties were chosen and randomly assigned to either the resistance exercise group (REG, n=7) or the resistance and stabilization exercise group (RSEG, n=7). They then exercised for 50 minutes three times a week for 8 weeks. [Methods] Pegasus was used to measure the strength of the lumbar muscles of the normal adults and computed tomography (CT) images were taken and compared to examine the changing cross-sectional areas of the lumbar muscles. [Results] Both groups showed a significant increase in the strength of their lumbar muscles. For the cross-sectional area of the lumbar muscles, only the superficial stabilizer muscle of the REG group showed a significant increase, whereas both the superficial stabilizer and the deep stabilizer muscles of the RSEG group showed a significant increase. [Conclusion] The resistance and stabilization complex exercise for the lumbar muscles had positive effects on both the strength of the lumbar muscles as well as on the cross-sectional areas of the superficial stabilizer and deep stabilizer muscles. Therefore, resistance and stabilization complex exercise appears to be an effective exercise program for the prevention of lower back pain.
A Note on Recent Trends in the Infant Mortality-Socioeconomic Status Relationship

Recent trends in the relationship between infant mortality and socioeconomic status in the United States are examined using data for census tract groupings in San Antonio Texas. In particular an attempt is made to use data for 1975-1979 to replicate a previous study that was based on data for the early 1970s. (ANNOTATION)
How many parameters can a model have and still be testable

Abstract A standard rule of thumb states that a model has too many parameters to be testable if and only if it has at least as many parameters as empirically observable quantities. We argue that when one asks whether a model has too many parameters to be testable, one implicitly refers to a particular type of testability, which we call quantitative testability . A model is defined to be quantitatively testable if the model's predictions have zero probability of being correct by chance. Next, we propose a new rule of thumb, based on the rank of the Jacobian matrix of a model (i.e., the matrix of partial derivatives of the function that maps the model's parameter values onto predicted experimental outcomes). According to this rule, a model is quantitatively testable if and only if the rank of the Jacobian matrix is less than the number of observables. (The rank of his matrix can be found with standard computer algorithms.) Using Sard's theorem, we prove that the proposed new rule of thumb is correct provided that certain “smoothness” conditions are satisfied. We also discuss the relation between quantitative testability and reparameterization, identifiability, and goodness-of-fit testing.