cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear scattering from a plasma column: 1. Theory

The scattered signal excited by nonlinear mixing of two plane waves normally incident on an infinitely long column of plasma is investigated. A general solution is obtained for the polarization in which the electric field vectors of the waves are perpendicular to the column axis and the column is assumed to be radically inhomogeneous. This general theory is then applied to the special cases of the inhomogeneous column in the long-wavelength limit, and the homogeneous column both for the general case and in the long-wavelength limit. It is determined that dipole and quadrupole components should predominate in the polar radiation pattern for the long-wavelength case. The special case of second harmonic generation due to a single incident wave is analyzed in detail. Nonlinear scattering coefficients are computed, and the corresponding polar radiation patterns are determined. The findings of this study are employed to evaluate the feasibility of observing nonlinear scattering from meteor trails.
Nonlinear nonlocal classical field theory of quantum phenomena

Abstract It is generally thought that there is a mysterious dividing line between classical physics and quantum physics: one objective, deterministic and continuous; the other discrete, indeterminate and subjective even at the single entity level. Such a division seems to be provisional and unsatisfactory in natural philosophy, and physicists never stopped to search for a deterministic and objective substratum of quantum phenomena. There is a recent revival of thought that matter and light and their interactions can be described by the ideas of classical field theories of continuous media and yet all the quantum effects can be reproduced, when the Dirac field for the electron is treated as a classical complex field. The discreteness in quantum physics is on the same footing as the discrete frequencies of a membrane due to the boundary conditions, and this discreteness disappears when radiative effects are included. The nonlinear nature of coupled matter and field equations plays a crucial role. Furthermore, the particle mechanics is a limit of a deterministic quantum theory of single events which is distinct from the quantum theory of repeated events for which we use probabilistic concepts.
^(15)N Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Natural Abundance^(15)N NMR of Monosubstituted Indoles

^(15)N chemical shifts of twenty-four substituted indoles have been determined in natural abundance (in organic solvents) using Fourier transform NMR. The overall chemical shift range is 27 ppm, with groups in the 2-, 3- and 5-ring positions showing the largest substituent effects. Substituents capable of resonance interaction with the indole nitrogen give shifts in the expected directions but they cannot be correlated with known substituent parameters. Compounds measured in DMSO give 0·2 to 10·2 ppm downfield shifts with respect to the same compound measured in CDCl_3. ^(13)C NMR data for previously unreported compounds are also reported.
Supersymmetry and the Bistable Fokker-Planck equation

The approach to equilibrium in a bistable system is governed by a small eigenvalue which appears to be difficult to compute. We show that supersymmetry makes possible an easy evaluation of this eigenvalue.
Constitutive Cellular Expression of PI 3-Kinase Is Distinct from Transient Expression

Abstract The discovery that the PTEN tumor suppressor encodes a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase has raised interest in the effects of constitutive activation of PI 3-kinase. To gain insight into PI 3-kinase function, we have stably expressed a myristoylated form of the catalytic subunit p110α (myr-p110) in cells. The myr-p110 associated with the endogenous p85 regulatory subunit and retained lipid and protein kinase activity. Stable lines expressing myr-p110 had 2- to 4-fold more PI 3-kinase activity than controls. Expression of myr-p110 altered cellular morphology and increased the saturation density in culture. These clones were morphologically transformed but Akt and pp70s6k were not constitutively activated in contrast to transient assays and from tumor cell lines deficient in PTEN. In addition, the ability of PDGF to induce activation of Akt and pp70s6k was diminished. Therefore, expression of a myristoylated PI 3-kinase in murine fibroblasts induces a morphological transformation of the cells.
“As Members of the Social Whole”: A History of Social Reform as a Focus of Home Economics, 1895–1940

This article studies the critical purpose of home economics postsecondary education as preparation for social reform, focusing on the role that founders expected homemakers to play in ameliorating social problems. For them, the goal of home economics was a better world. The means to this improved society was scientific knowledge applied to the family and the community by home economists and home economics-trained homemakers. Yet, by the 1920s, it was clear that the social responsibility of homemakers, as envisioned by the first leaders of the discipline, had virtually disappeared from the rhetoric of home economics. Although no one factor explains the silencing of calls for civic involvement on the part of homemakers, factors external of the discipline, including federal legislation and directed appropriations, developing education theories, growing emphasis on professional specialization, increased employment opportunities for women, and a redefinition of women's familial role served to redirect the focus of the field.
A probabilistic reasoning model: formulation and control strategy

Abstract It has been recognized that past experiences of a decision maker often plays a pivotal role in solving new problem instances. Therefore, the ability to model human reasoning processes has become an important subject of research in recent years. In many applications, the reasoning process must deal with uncertainty inherent in the problem domain. This research addresses the issue of supporting the model formulation and data acquisition processes for situations that (i) operate under uncertain conditions, and (ii) utilize evidential information that is gathered in stages. A theoretical framework is presented for the probabilistic formulation of the reasoning process that incorporates past experiences. The model is validated by testing its performance on simulated data, and is shown to work well when a sufficiently large number of cases are available for estimating probabilities. The probabilistic reasoning system can revise beliefs in an intuitively appealing and theoretically sound manner when information is acquired in an incremental fashion. Two dynamic information gathering strategies are discussed for such a reasoning system, one using information theoretic techniques, and the other using decision theoretic techniques.
Purification of indole-3-acetic acid myoinositol esters on polystyrene-divinylbenzene resins

A method for the purification of indole-3-acetic acid and esters of indole-3-acetic acid and myoinositol on Dowex 50W-X2 and on partially sulfonated polystyrene resins is described. The method has been applied to the analysis of the indolylic compounds present in crude acetone—water extracts of the kernels of Zea mays. Sufficient purification and enrichment of these compounds is obtained by a single column chromatographic step so that the column eluates can be examined by thin-layer chromatography, gas—liquid chromatography or combined gas—liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry.
The Power of Partnerships: Exploring the Relationship between Campus Career Centers and Political Science Departments

Given the growing emphasis on career preparation in higher education, career centers play important roles on today's college campuses. The literature has focused on the reasons students use career services, but it has not addressed the vital linkage between career centers and academic departments. Using a survey of 279 political science department chairs, this study explores the factors that best explain the strength of the relationship between political science departments and campus career centers. After investigating a host of characteristics, we show that close ties between career centers and departments are more likely at smaller colleges, in departments where professors advise students (as opposed to departments with only professional advisors), and in departments that incorporate career preparation into the curriculum. We conclude with recommendations for establishing a more collaborative partnership between career centers and political science departments.
Ballin' Indo-Pak style: pleasures, desires, and expressive practices of 'South Asian American' masculinity.

Influenced by the anthropology of sport, this article examines leisure spaces of sport as critical venues in the formation of South Asian American ‘self ’ and ‘selves’ in opposition to, as well as in relation to, various ‘Others’. I use ethnographic research conducted with North American Indo-Pak Basketball leagues, primarily in Atlanta, Georgia, to demonstrate how South Asian American masculinity emerges in relation to ideas of ‘Blackness’. In addition, participation in Indo-Pak Basketball for South Asian American men allows for creative practices that facilitate the collapse of ‘South Asian-ness’ and ‘American-ness’ (Maira, 2002) while contesting dominant paradigms of race and gender. Through analysis of Indo-Pak Basketball and related expressive practices, I illustrate the processes of identity formation and consumption as critical to citizenship in the US national fabric. I also argue that the subversive potential in basketball masculinity and its respective pleasures are limited by its relation to a ...
Clinical significance of right ventricular dysfunction in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is described as the persistence of trabeculated myocardium in the left ventricle (LV) and is optimally assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Right ventricular (RV) involvement in LVNC remains poorly studied. Consecutive patients (N = 14) diagnosed with LVNC by CMR were studied. Their clinical data were analyzed. In addition, CMR assessment included quantification of LV and RV volumes, mass, ejection fraction (EF), LV wall motion score, LV non-compacted segments and non-compacted to compacted myocardium ratios. Average age of presentation was 33.1 ± 17.6 years old, with 9 males (64%). Of these patients, 7 (50%) presented with acute heart failure and 3 (21%) with syncope, including 1 documented ventricular tachycardia. RV EF < 35% was identified in 7 (50%) of these patients. Patients with RV EF < 35% presented at a higher median New York Heart Association class (1 [IQR 1–2] vs. 3 [IQR 2–4], P = 0.021) and had significantly lower LV EF (50.7% ± 15.4 vs. 21.8% ± 19.9, P = 0.029), higher LV end diastolic (100.9 ml/m2 ± 22.3 vs. 159.1 ml/m2 ± 36.0, P = 0.002) and systolic volume indices (52.0 ml/m2 ± 25.8 vs. 129.1 ml/m2 ± 48.4, P = 0.002), higher LV wall motion score index (1.3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6, P = 0.004) and higher ratio of LV non-compacted to compacted myocardium (3.3 ± 0.6 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8, P = 0.026). All 4 patients that had ventricular tachycardia also had RV dysfunction. RV dysfunction was present in half of patients with LVNC. Significant RV dysfunction seems to be a marker of advanced LVNC and may carry a worse prognosis. Further studies in a larger sample of patients are needed to confirm those observations.
Young Women's Attitudes Toward Injectable and Implantable Contraceptives

Abstract Study Objective To assess the potential acceptability of implantable and injectable contraceptive characteristics by young women of diverse ethnic and educational backgrounds. Design A cross-sectional self-administered survey. Settings The waiting room of three clinical sites: an elite women's college health service, a coeducational state university health service, and an inner city hospital-based adolescent clinic. Participants 328 young women awaiting medical care in one of three clinical sites, aged 13 to 21 years (85% 18–21 years); ethnic distribution differed significantly by site. The majority (83%) were sexually active, and of those who were sexually experienced, 25% had been pregnant. Outcome Measures A 47-item questionnaire examining attitudes toward characteristics of injectable and implantable contraceptive methods, menstrual, sexual, and gynecologic history. Results Sixty-two percent of the sample agreed that they would get an injectable method. There was little variation in agreement to get an injectable method by sexual or pregnancy history. Fewer subjects (24%) agreed that they would like to get subdermal implants and agreement to get an implantable method of contraception did not vary by sexual history; however, ever-pregnant young women (33%) were significantly more likely to agree to implants than never-pregnant subjects (21%; χ2, 4.109; p = 0.04). Seventy-four percent of subjects said they would stop using a contraceptive that caused irregular menses, whereas 65% would stop using a method that caused amenorrhea. Conclusions An injectable contraceptive method has universal appeal across ethnic, educational, and age categories, whereas implants are less appealing. Irregular bleeding and amenorrhea are poorly perceived side effects of long-acting contraceptIves.
Deformation of bulk polyoxymethylene

Abstract Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy have been applied to the study of the deformation of spherulitic polyoxymethylene at 125°C. The results show that a specific form of deformation occurs; during the early stages the molecules and the lamellae become oriented at an angle of 30° to the draw direction (the molecular axes are therefore tilted within the lamellae). The number of molecules so oriented increases with increasing draw up to about 150% deformation, after which the molecular axes tilt further, into the draw direction. The mechanism of deformation is seen to differ in different sectors of a spherulite. Folds are retained in the fully drawn material.
Neural Regeneration and Cell Replacement: A View from the Eye

Neuronal degenerations in the retina are leading causes of blindness. Like most other areas of the CNS, the neurons of the mammalian retina are not replaced following degeneration. However, in nonmammalian vertebrates, endogenous repair processes restore neurons very efficiently, even after complete loss of the retina. We describe the phenomenon of retinal regeneration in nonmammalian vertebrates and attempts made in recent years to stimulate similar regenerative processes in the mammalian retina. In addition, we review the various strategies employed to replace lost neurons in the retina and the recent use of stem cell technologies to address problems of retinal repair.
Near-Wall Second-Moment Closure for Rotating Multiple-Pass Cooling Channels

A multiblock numerical method has been employed together with chimera domain decomposition technique to calculate three-dimensional flow and heat transfer in rotating two-pass square channels with smooth walls. The method solves Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with a near-wall second-order Reynolds stress (second-moment) closure model and a two-layer k-e isotropic eddy viscosity model. The second-moment solutions show that the Coriolis and centrifugal buoyancy forces produced strong nonisotropic turbulent stresses and heat fluxes that significantly affected the friction factors and heat-transfer coefficients in the rotating two-pass square channel, particularly in the 180-deg bend region. The near-wall second-moment closure model provides an improved heat-transfer prediction in comparison with the k-e model
Van der Waals forces and zero-point energy for dielectric and permeable materials

It is pointed out that symmetries of Maxwell's equations under interchange of electric and magnetic fields can be exploited to convert calculations of van der Waals forces between electrically polarizable particles and dielectric materials into results for magnetically polarizable particles and permeable materials. In particular, the forces between perfectly conducting materials calculated from ideas of zero-point radiation are the same as the forces between infinitely permeable materials. Combinations of dielectric materials and permeable materials can lead to repulsive van der Waals forces. For example, two infinitely permeable parallel plates are attracted together with exactly the same force as obtained by Casimir for the van der Waals attraction between two perfectly conducting plates. On the other hand, two parallel plates of area $A$ and separation $d$, one of which is a perfect conductor and one of which is infinitely permeable, are repelled by a force $F=\frac{7}{8}\frac{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}\ensuremath{\hbar}cA}{240{d}^{4}}$, differing in magnitude by a factor of $\frac{7}{8}$ from Casimir's attractive force. A calculation of the repulsive force is given based on ideas of classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation.
Pregnancy Care: An Apprenticeship for Palliative Care?

The American Board of Medical Specialties has recently recognized palliative medicine as a new subspecialty. Family Medicine was one of 10 specialty boards cosponsoring this certification process. The role of the family physician has many parallels in the care of pregnant and dying patients. The family physician that has provided maternity care can apply his or her experiences to their care of the dying. The reader is invited to consider this possibility as part of an intentional transition to palliative medicine.
Modulation of neuronal CXCR4 by the μ-opioid agonist DAMGO

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 regulates neuronal survival and differentiation and is involved in a number of pathologies, including cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recent data suggest that chemokines act in concert with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, such as opioids. This study aimed to determine whether μ-opioid agonists alter the effect of CXCL12 (the specific CXCR4 ligand) on central neurons. Neuronal expression of CXCR4 and μ-opioid receptors (MORs) was analyzed by Western blot, immunostaining, and flow cytometry. Single-cell studies showed that all CXCR4-positive neurons coexpress MORs. Treatment of neuronal cultures with the selective MOR agonist DAMGO or the endogenous peptide endomorphin-1 inhibited intracellular signaling pathways (ERK1/2 and Akt) activated by CXCL12. Furthermore, DAMGO abolished the neuroprotective effect of CXCL12 in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) neurotoxicity studies. The effects of DAMGO and endomorphin-1 were inhibited by a general or a μ-specific opioid receptor antagonist, and not caused by changes in neuronal CXCR4 levels. DAMGO did not affect CXCL12-induced internalization of CXCR4. The authors propose that interactions between MOR and CXCR4 signaling can modulate the action of CXCL12 on neuronal survival—which may have important implications to neuroAIDS as well as other neuroinflammatory disorders.
Feeding by the leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata, in relation to xylem fluid chemistry and tension

Abstract Feeding by the adult leafhopper [Homalodisca coagulata (Say)], a polyphagous xylem feeder, was monitored in response to changes in xylem tension, and the concentration of amino acids, organic acids and sugars in xylem fluid. Models were constructed based on diurnal feeding patterns on a preferred host, Lagerstroemia indica L. Feeding rate (measured by excretion rate) was best correlated with the concentration of the amides. Correlation coefficients of other amino acids were low. Models were tested by monitoring feeding rates diurnally on Pyrus communis L. and Vitis hybrid cv. Suwannee, and during midday on L. indica subjected to water stress. Only total amino acids, amides and glutamine were correlated with feeding on P. communis and on Vitis. When L. indica were subjected to a high level of water stress, feeding during midday was associated with xylem tension, and not the concentration of chemical variables. Feeding rate decreased exponentially as a function of xylem tension; feeding ceased above a tension of about 2.1 MPa. Models were substantially improved when compounds were expressed on a ratio basis. Feeding rate was best correlated with the ratio of amides to total organic compounds (RAM) in the diurnal experiments. In the stress experiment, amides/xylem tension provided the best correlation. Net energy gain (Xneg) of an insect feeding on xylem fluid was described by the equation: Xneg = 0.70(Xe) - Excoef(Xt − P), where 0.70(Xe) = net energy content of xylem fluid, Excoef = the extraction coefficient, Xt = xylem tension and P = the Poiseuille's law-derived pressure to account for fluid movement through stylets.
Improving the optical performance of etched silicon gratings

Silicon diffraction gratings fabricated by photolithography and anisotropic chemical etching offer unique advantages over conventional ruled gratings. Previous work showed a high amount of scatter from etched gratings and several waves of wavefront distortion due to an overetch problem. We recently began to study ways to improve the optical performance of etched silicon gratings. Defect etching was used to verify that our starting material was of high quality and that it could be polished to the required optical flatness without producing subsurface damage. We compared the effect of different etch mask materials and etching variables on the scatter and wavefront aberration of test gratings. Gratings masked with silicon nitride achieved sufficiently low wavefront distortion to be useful in high resolution spectroscopy. The scatter was improved by a factor of tow over the grating fabricated several years earlier, but is still a factor of 3 worse thana ruled echelle. A better lithography mask should reduce the scatter. The major issues in fabricating large etched gratings for astronomy are achieving good uniformity across the surface and the compatibility of thick silicon disks with standard semiconductor processing hardware.
A Diagnostic Study of Search Result Diversification Methods

Search result diversification aims to maximize the coverage of different pieces of relevant information in the search results. Many diversification methods have been proposed and studied. However, the advantage and disadvantage of each method still remain unclear. In this paper, we conduct a diagnostic study over two state of the art diversification methods with the goal of identifying the weaknesses of these methods to further improve the performance. Specifically, we design a set of perturbation tests that isolate individual factors, i.e., relevance and diversity, which affect the diversification performance. The test results are expected to provide insights on how well each method deals with these factors in the diversification process. Experimental results suggest that some methods perform better in queries whose originally retrieved documents are more relevant to the query while other methods perform better when the documents are more diversified. We therefore propose methods to combine these existing methods based on the predicted factor of the query. The experimental results show that the combined methods can outperform individual methods on TREC collections.
Asymmetry parameters of the phase function for densely packed scattering grains

Spatial correlation among densely packed particles can substantially change their single-scattering properties, thus making questionable the applicability of the independent scattering approximation in calculations of light scattering by planetary regoliths. The same problem arises in geophysics in light scattering computations for snow, frosts, and bare soil. In this paper, we use a dense-medium light-scattering theory based on the introduction of the static structure factor to calculate asymmetry parameters of the phase function for densely packed particles with real refractive indices 1.31 and 1.66, approximating water ice and soil particles, respectively, and imaginary refractive indices 0, 0.01, and 0.3. For sparsely distributed, independently scattering grains, the calculated asymmetry parameters are always positive and always larger than those for densely packed particles. For densely packed grains, the asymmetry parameters may be negative but only for radius-to-wavelength ratios from about 0.1 to about 0.4. With decreasing particle size, the calculated asymmetry parameters tend to zero independently of the compaction state. In the geometrical optics regime, the asymmetry parameters for densely packed scatterers are positive and very close to those for independently scattering grains. These results may have important implications for remote sensing of the Earth and solid planetary surfaces. In particular, it is demonstrated that negative asymmetry parameters derived with some approximate multiple-scattering theories may be physically irrelevant and can be the result of using an inaccurate bidirectional reflection function combined with the ill-conditionally of the inverse scattering problem.
Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in neurons in the human pineal gland

Abstract Adult human pineal glands were prepared for immunohistochemical analysis using antisera against Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The material shows small neurons located in septae and along the capsule of the gland which exhibit enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. The neurons have fairly extensive dendritic arbors and immunoreactive axons are present in the septae and beneath the capsule, particularly in a perivascular location, and occasionally extend into lobules of the gland among parenchymal cells. No consistent immunoreactivity was observed with other antisera but bundles of axons exhibiting dopamine-β-hydroxylase or neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity are observed in some of the material in a perivascular location.
Hydraulic fracture height in cased wells

Abstract A new method determines the top and bottom of the hydraulic fracturing in a cased treatment well from the microseismicity induced within the fracturing. The method uses a wall-locking sonde to passively record three-component data over a range of depths within and outside the fracturing immediately following either the fracture treatment or subsequent fluid injection into the fractured formation. The processed data (i.e., the background motion after removing the obvious events) show an anomalous inversion as a function of depth that delineates the fracture height. Specifically, the ratio of the horizontal motion component, H, to the vertical component, Z, inverts subdividing the recording traverse into three regions: those above and below the affected zone defined by H Z and the affected zone with H Z >1 . The hydraulic fracture treatment creates the horizontally elongated, in situ stress-aligned affected zone that is comprised of a dilatant communicating network of new and preexisting fractures, joints, pores, and weaknesses, nucleates from the casing perforations. The zone has anomalously reduced elastic properties (i.e., seismic velocities) and acts as an embedded seismic and hydraulic waveguide with the borehole running through it. Pressure gradients, temperature gradients, and stress recovery within the low-velocity zone induce a pervasive microseismic cloud for several hours after the pressurization. The microsource cloud and the low-velocity zone create the data anomaly and its alignment with the extent of the affected zone. Computer simulations of the in situ setting and recording corroborate the H Z inversion and its interpretation.
Promoting psychosocial adjustment and stress management in first-year college students: the benefits of engagement in a psychosocial wellness seminar

Abstract Objective/Methods: This research evaluates the effectiveness of a psychosocial wellness seminar for first-year college students, from 2009 to 2011, using an 8-month prospective quasi-experimental design. Participants/Results: Compared with controls (n = 22) involved in an alternative seminar, intervention participants (n = 29) showed no differences at baseline, but reported significantly greater perceived improvements over the course of the intervention, in psychosocial adjustment and stress management. Furthermore, specific aspects of intervention engagement (attendance and student-rated skills practice, but not didactic mastery or facilitator-rated skills practice) differentially predicted beneficial outcomes: (1) psychosocial adjustment (increases in psychosocial well-being, decreases in psychological distress), after adjusting for baseline levels of these outcomes; (2) college-related stress management (lower college-related stress, greater adaptation to college); and (3) perceived improvemen...
Sources of noradrenergic afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat

Abstract The sources of noradrenergic (NA) innervation to the hypoglossal nucleus (nXII) in the rat were investigated with double-labeling histochemical/immunocytochemical and lesion/ degeneration techniques. Following injection of wheat germ-agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase into nXII, brain stem sections were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine, stabilized, and incubated in antiserum to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Double-labeled neurons were observed in three pontine sites bilaterally, although mainly ipsilaterally, that included the nucleus subceruleus (nSC; 68.75%) and the A7 (21.09%) and A5 (10.15%) cell groups. Confirmation of the above results and identification of the course taken by descending NA-nXII projections was accomplished by lesioning the rostral pons, the nSC, or the medullary catecholamine bundle (MB), the suspected route by which NA afferents reach nXII. Quantitative estimates of the reduction of TH immunoreactivity on the lesioned compared to nonlesioned side of nXII were made densitometrically. In each case, TH immunostaining was significantly decreased (75%) in the ipsilateral caudoventromedial district of nXII, the predominant target area of NA input. The results from this study establish that multiple NA sources in the pons project to nXII in the rat, the majority of NA-nXII afferents are derived from the nSC, and descending NA-nXII projections course in the MB. These data are discussed relative to tongue control.
Low level parametric amplifier

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present theoretical small signal analysis and some practical results of a low level, low frequency, parametric amplifier using the two side bands. A specific circuit model is considered in detail. This circuit uses the nonlinear junction capacitance of two diodes connected in a bridge configuration. This capacitance and an additional choke are tuned to series resonance of the pump frequency. A practical model of the analyzed circuit is built and experimental tests are carried out to determine the dependence of the output voltage on the pump voltage. The experimental results are found to be in reasonable agreement with the theory, never being off by more than a factor of two.
Water quality requirements and restoring the injectivity of waste water disposal wells

Water separated in desalters and other separation units in a gasoil separation plant contained variable amounts of oil contaminant, suspended solids and chemicals. Two nearby wells are used to dispose the produced water from the plant. Due to the poor quality of the waste water and long shut-in period, one of the two wells encountered a significant drop in well injectivity. A thorough investigation was conducted to identify the damaging mechanism, design a treatment program to restore the well injectivity, and recommend guidelines for water quality needed to minimize formation damage. The study included characterization of the waste water, and conducting coreflood experiments to determine the effects of total suspended solids, oil content, particle size, H 2 S and iron content on the permeability of reservoir cores (sandstone formation). Finally, coreflood experiments were performed to determine an acid formulation which can be used to remove formation damage while maintaining the integrity of the formation (sandstone). Experimental results indicated that the waste water contained significant amounts of suspended solids (mainly iron sulfide) and oil (up to 250 mg/l). Coarse particles of more than 500 microns were present in the waste water. Coreflood results indicated that the waste water severely damaged reservoir cores. Formation of an external filter cake was the damaging mechanism observed in all coreflood experiments. Iron sulfide played an important role in the damage observed in the lab and field studies. The following water quality requirements were recommended to minimize loss of injectivity: total suspended material (solids and oil) should not exceed 50 ppm, mean particle size should not exceed 4 microns, hydrogen sulfide concentration should not exceed 10 ppm, and total iron concentration should not exceed 2 ppm. Also, to prevent formation damage due to particle settling, it was recommended to continuously inject the waste water into the two disposal wells. Shutting in disposal wells for a long period of time will allow most of the particulate material to settle in the pore spaces, which will cause formation damage and loss of injectivity. To restore the injectivity of the damaged well, an acid formulation was designed which took into account formation mineralogy, presence of trapped oil, precipitation of iron, and elemental sulfur. The treatment was applied in the field where the acid was injected using a 1.5 coiled tubing. Ball sealers were added to the acid to ensure better diversion. The treatment was successful, and the well injectivity increased by more than 400%.
On the Duality of Opportunity and Price in a Multisectoral Model of an Urban Housing Market

Previously unrecognized relationships between housing opportunities, residential mobility, and housing prices are identified within a multisectoral model of vacancy transfers within a local housing market. The relationships are identified by presenting the vacancy-transfer model as a simple linear program. The primal program seeks a vector of vacancy transfers which minimizes the volume of new stock additions among market sectors required to satisfy a prespecified vector of primary vacancy demand. The dual program seeks a vector of shadow housing-prices which maximizes the value of units absorbed by primary demand while insuring that quasi-rents are driven to zero. Thus, a duality between vacancy transfers and housing price is identified, and the role of new stock development costs in housing price determination is defined.
How do we understand empathy systemically

This paper considers what a systemic understanding of empathy might be in the context of recent developments in systemic approaches. Clinical work is the basis for an exploration of which systemic ideas might be useful in thinking about ‘systemic empathy’. The question of whether empathy is inherent in the systemic approach is considered.
Magnetic energy loss in permalloy thin films and microstructures

Magnetic switching and energy loss scaling is studied in permalloy thin films and microstructures over a nine-decade frequency range. The dynamic coercive field Hc of both the films and the microstructures can be accurately described by a three-parameter scaling function H c =Hdp+KdH/dt derived from a domainwall dynamics model driven by a linear ramp field. The scaling function describes frequency-dependent evolution from adiabatic to domain-wall dominated power-law loss behavior without invoking mechanism crossover to nucleation-dominated behavior and manifests scaling exponents that depend only weakly on static coercivity. High-quality thin-film microstructures produced by vacuum evaporation yield =1/2, a universal exponent associated with domain-wall dominated magnetization reversal based on a linear-mobility model. Corresponding films and microstructures prepared by sputtering also exhibit power-law scaling based on a smaller , but still consistent with domain-wall rather than nucleation-based reversal. The results suggest that in the thin-film limit large-angle local spin damping mechanisms account for magnetic energy loss at both low frequencies Barkhausen regime in which pinning dominates average domain-wall velocity and high frequencies power-law scaling regime in which the mobility dominates average domain-wall velocity.
Coping with stress resulting from social value conflict: Non-Hunters’ response to anticipated social interaction with hunters

This research investigated nonhunting-hikers' response to social interactions with hunters in outdoor recreation settings. Hikers were presented with a hypothetical scenario describing a social interaction with hunters. Social value conflict and psychological stress/coping theories were used to hypothesize and test a structural equation model. Fifty-two percent of the sample (n = 388) indicated that the social interaction would be stressful. Hikers appraised the social situation as controllable. The coping response combined emotion and problem-focused coping. This plan included confronting the hunters, expressing personal values, and attempting to dissuade the hunters from continuing to use the area as a hunting ground. Hikers followed perceived rules of etiquette for social interactions and tried not to damage opportunities to continue using the area. Coping responses were consistent with previous models in recreation and psychology. Results are discussed in light of previous research to foster theoretic...
A course and project description for an undergraduate course in evaluation and measurement techniques for computer systems

The course and project description for a one quarter (or semester) senior level course in evaluation and measurement techniques for computer systems is described. The primary purpose of the course is to introduce the students to evaluation and measurement techniques and to use some of these techniques in evaluating and measuring the performance of a multiprogramming operating system designed for a simple machine. The project is based on the availability of a simple multiprogramming operating system that can be modified by students to perform evaluation and measurement experiments. Five experiments are described in the paper. If a simple multiprogramming operating system is not available then the project may be omitted.
The essential features and modes of bacterial polar growth

Polar growth represents a surprising departure from the canonical dispersed cell growth model. However, we know relatively little of the underlying mechanisms governing polar growth or the requisite suite of factors that direct polar growth. Underscoring how classic doctrine can be turned on its head, the peptidoglycan layer of polar-growing bacteria features unusual crosslinks and in some species the quintessential cell division proteins FtsA and FtsZ are recruited to the growing poles. Remarkably, numerous medically important pathogens utilize polar growth, accentuating the need for intensive research in this area. Here we review models of polar growth in bacteria based on recent research in the Actinomycetales and Rhizobiales, with emphasis on Mycobacterium and Agrobacterium species.
The effect of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine on synchronous mitosis in Physarum polycephalum☆

Abstract FUDR inhibits synthesis of DNA and RNA in the plasmodia of P. polycephalum . These effects are reversible with exogenous Tdr and Ur respectively. Contact with FUDR plus Ur before the end of the S period delays the onset of the next mitosis. The length of the delay corresponds to the length of the inhibition of DNA synthesis, suggesting that in normal and inhibited cultures a minimum G 2 period of 7–8 hr precedes mitosis. It appears that DNA synthesis functions as a rate-limiting step in the preparation for mitosis.
Basic fibroblast growth factor in HIV-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Endothelial injury is the primary pathogenic event leading to the renal thrombotic microangiopathic lesions typical of the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an angiogenic growth factor released by injured endothelial cells. In a previous study we have found a significant accumulation of bFGF in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-transgenic mice with renal disease. Here we investigated whether bFGF was accumulated in the circulation and kidneys of two children with HIV-associated HUS (HIV-HUS), and studied the mechanisms involved in this process. The plasma levels of bFGF in children with HIV-HUS (124±20 pg/ml) were increased compared with five children with HIV nephropathy (49±6 pg/ml) and twenty HIV-infected children without renal disease (26±4 pg/ml, P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry and receptor binding studies showed that bFGF was accumulated bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans in renal glomeruli and interstitium surrounding renal tubules in HIV-HUS kidneys. Basic FGF stimulated the proliferation of mesangial and urinary renal tubular epithelial cells isolated from both patients. These findings support the hypothesis that bFGF and its low-affinity binding sites may play a relevant role in modulating the process of glomerular and renal tubular regeneration during the acute stages of HIV-HUS. A follow-up study in a larger sample population is required to confirm these results.
Characterization of microsatellite markers from the gastropod genus Melongena

Eight microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the Florida crown conch (Melongena spp.). Approximately 500 individuals from 20 populations encompassing all known Melongena spp. groups in Florida and Alabama were genotyped at all loci. High levels of variation were found with eight to 28 alleles per locus and observed per locus heterozygosity ranging from 0.148 to 0.779 (mean 0.624). One locus, Mco5, was monomorphic in more than half of the populations. These loci can provide useful information for a variety of studies ranging from parentage to population-level analyses of the Florida crown conch.
Three-dimensional bone-free rendering of the cerebral circulation by use of computed tomographic angiography and fuzzy connectedness.

Introduction: Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3-D-CTA) can be used to evaluate cerebrovascular disease. A potential limitation of this technology is obscuration of vascular anatomy by bone. In view of this, we developed a method for bone-free rendering usign iterative relative fuzzy connectedness (IRFC) of 3-D-CTA to examine the cerebral vasculature without the intervening cranial base. Methods: 3-D-CTA was obtained in 10 patients with cerebrovascular disease by use of an algorithm based on IRFC. bone structures were removed and vascular anatomy was isolated with an almost completely automated process. Bone-removed images were rendered via maximum intensity projections, compared with digital subtraction angiography, and evaluated for vascular abnormalities. Results: Compared with digital subtraction angiography, IRFC 3-D-CTA successfully defined the intracranial vascular anatomy in all 10 patients. An aneurysm was identified in 6 patients, bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulae in 1 patient, and no structural abnormalities in the remaining 3 patients. Conclusion: In 3-D-CTA, our preliminary findings suggest that bone obscuration, one of the current limitations of CTA, van be overcome through appropriate computer algorithms. We are now working on improving the computational efficiency of these algorithms to allow routine use of IRFC 3-D-CTA in an interventional or surgical suire.
Characterization of Cyclophosphamide Cystitis, a Model of Visceral and Referred Pain, in the Mouse: Species and Strain Differences

ABSTRACTPurpose: Existing animal models of visceral pain in the mouse are of limited practical usefulness since they are labor intensive or not visceral specific. Recently a rat model of cyclophosphamide (CP) cystitis was developed that requires only intraperitoneal injection and features inflammation confined to the bladder. We adapted this model for use in multiple mouse strains to investigate the genetic basis of variability in visceral nociception.Materials and Methods: Outbred CD-1 mice and 12 inbred mouse strains were tested for behavioral changes induced by CP (0 to 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally).Results: We noted that despite the absence of postural changes or abdominal crises in CD-1 mice, CP produced dose dependent decreases in voluntary locomotor activity unaccompanied by ataxia measured on the rotarod test; referred hyperalgesia of the tail base region but not of the hind paw, which was inhibited in dose dependent fashion by morphine (0 to 20 mg/kg); and bladder inflammation corresponding to the...
Information Literacy and Instruction: Information Literacy Instruction with Primo

D iscovery services are changing the way library users find and access library materials, especially electronic resources. These search tools are also impacting information literacy instruction for users at all skill levels. The University of Southern Mississippi Libraries in Hattiesburg adopted Ex Libris’s Primo discovery service during the summer of 2014. Primo has now been a prominent feature on our website’s homepage for almost a full semester and has impacted the way we teach information literacy to our students. As the reference librarian for Health Sciences, I will describe my experience incorporating Primo into our library instruction for both first-year experience and lowerclassmen as well as higher-level courses and how the two approaches differ. I will also describe the biggest challenges our reference services department has encountered when showing our students how to use Primo and how these issues have impacted instruction and our promotion of interlibrary loan. Finally, whenever possible, I will tie in our experiences to the ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education in an effort to demonstrate how learning and literacy standards can be helpful scaffolds during technological transitions.
Effective Bandgap Shrinkage Measurement In Silicon Solar Cell By Electro-Reflectance Method

Effective bandgap shrinkage due to the presence of a thin p+ diffused region on a unif-ormly doped n-type silicon constituting a p+n junction solar cell is measured by electro-lyte electro-reflectance spectroscopic method and reported here. Results show two prominent features in two bands (a) in the vicinity of indirect gap around 1.2 eV and (b) in the region above 3.2 eV. The peaks were found to shift with doping density in the p + region. The observed shift was ~22 eV between two samples of doping densities 10 18 and 10 20 cm -3 in the p+ region.
On dynamic real trade models

Abstract This paper examines the steady-state implications of differences in tax policies in an overlapping generations, two-country, two-good, dynamic model of international trade. It is also shown that, in the overlapping generations framework, production diversity along with factor-price equalization obtains in the long run.
RELIGION, SCIENCE, AND NATURE: SHIFTS IN MEANING ON A CHANGING PLANET

This article explores how religion and science, as worlding practices, are changed by the processes of globalization and global climate change. In the face of these processes, two primary methods of meaning making are emerging: the logic of globalization and planetary assemblages. The former operates out of the same logic as extant axial age religions, the Enlightenment, and Modernity. It is caught up in the process of universalizing meanings, objective truth, and a single reality. The latter suggests that the processes of globalization and climate change break open any universalizing attempt at meaning onto a proliferation of different, evolving planetary contexts. Both science and religion are affected by these changes, and the ways in which they shape our understandings of and relationship to the rest of the natural world are changed.