cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature influence on phytoplankton community growth rates

A large database of field estimates of phytoplankton community growth rates in natural populations was compiled and analyzed to determine the apparent temperature effect on phytoplankton community growth rate. We conducted an ordinary least squares regression to optimize the parameters in two commonly used growth-temperature relations (Arrhenius and Q10 models). Both equations fit the observational data equally with the optimized parameter values. The optimum apparent Q10 value was 1.47 ± 0.08 (95% confidence interval, CI). Microzooplankton grazing rates closely matched the temperature trends for phytoplankton growth. This likely reflects a dynamic adjustment of biomass and grazing rates by the microzooplankton to match their available food source, illustrating tight coupling of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates. The field-measured temperature effect and growth rates were compared with estimates from the satellite Carbon-based Productivity Model (CbPM) and three Earth System Models (ESMs), with model output extracted at the same month and sampling locations as the observations. The optimized, apparent Q10 value calculated for the CbPM was 1.51, with overestimation of growth rates. The apparent Q10 value in the Community Earth System Model (V1.0) was 1.65, with modest underestimation of growth rates. The GFDL-ESM2M and GFDL-ESM2G models produced apparent Q10 values of 1.52 and 1.39, respectively. Models with an apparent Q10 that is significantly greater than ~1.5 will overestimate the phytoplankton community growth response to the ongoing climate warming and will have spatial biases in estimated growth rates for the current era.
Part 3: Notch-sparing γ-secretase inhibitors: SAR studies of 2-substituted aminopyridopyrimidinones

In search for novel lead compounds as γ-secretase inhibitors, analogs of aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones (I) were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory effects on amyloid-β-peptide production and cleavage of the Notch1 receptor mediated by γ-secretase. Selected pyridopyrimidines, such as 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 16 are γ-secretase inhibitors that did not have an effect on Notch1 receptor processing.
A clinicopathologic study of familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The familial occurrence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was studied using morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement analyses. Three of six siblings developed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. One (patient 1) died 9 years after the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia at age 67 years. The other two patients, ages 64 and 68 years (patients 2 and 3, respectively), are alive after chronic lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed 11 and 4 years ago, respectively. Using the Rye classification, patient 2 and patient 3 had Stage I and Stage O disease, respectively. In contrast, patient 1 had Stage IV disease. The bone marrow of patient 2 was 90% cellular, with sheets of mature lymphocytes, and that of patient 3 was 70% cellular, with a nodular pattern of similar cells. Both patients 2 and 3 had normal karyotypes. Immunophenotyping studies revealed that patient 3 had an expanded population of B cells with minimal to no detectable expression of surface immunoglobulins and membrane-bound light chains. In contrast, the B cell population of patient 2 expressed immunoglobulins M, D, and Kappa light chains. Gene rearrangement studies preformed on these two patients revealed different but distinct patterns of heavy chain rearrangement. This may represent an evolution of two different clones of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in this family.
Host-Virus Relationships in Rous Sarcoma Tissues in vitro. I. Growth of Extraneous Viruses.∗:

SummaryThe ability of 4 animal viruses (NDV, NWS, vaccinia and psittacosis) to propagate in Maitland-type tissue cultures of chick embryo and adult chick fibroblastic tissues and Rous sarcoma tissue was studied and all 4 viruses were found capable of proliferation in the embryo tissue, while only NDV and vaccinia virus multiplied in the adult chick and Rous sarcoma tissue cultures. Thus, Rous sarcoma tissue appears to be more closely related to connective tissue of adult chicks than to that of chick embryos in its susceptibility to infection with certain other viruses. NDV and Rous sarcoma virus can produce a dual infection of cells.
EXPERTISE LEVELS OF HUMAN VERSUS AUTOMATED DECISION AIDS INFLUENCE RESPONSE BIASES IN A VISUAL SEARCH TASK

Studies have demonstrated that humans appear to apply norms of humanhuman interaction to interaction with automated decision aids. We examined the differences in perceptions of automation vs. humans when the expertise and reliability of these advisers varied. Participants (n = 180) performed a luggage-screening task with the assistance of human or automated advisers that differed in pedigree (expert vs. novice) and reliability (high vs. low), but had a similar neutral beta setting of 1.0. Shifts in sensitivity, criterion settings and accuracy were assessed. Participants who were presented with a low-reliable “expert” adviser shifted their bias away from the neutral bias of the adviser and more toward optimal beta compared to participants receiving unreliable advice from a ‘novice’. This effect increased across trials for participants using low-reliability automated advisers but not human advisers. The results have implications for the development of models of optimal utilization of decision aids.
Horizontal social movements and agenda-setting: evidence from Brazil

I explore the question of whether horizontal social movements are successful in introducing their preferred policy platforms into the public agenda. Previous scholarship has listed centralization, hierarchy, and leadership as key factors that explain the success of social movements, but has not comprehensively taken into consideration the existence of these horizontal entities. Preliminary empirical evidence mainly focused on media coverage of the MPL-Sao Paulo, a movement that advocates for free public transportation in Brazil, suggests that these movements are not able to attract media attention on their own merits. Rather, they are only objects of media coverage in the presence of newsworthy events not related to their policy platforms or their own existence – in the case of the MPL-Sao Paulo, this event was police brutality in protests. The paper calls for more research on the internal functioning of these movements, in particular the issue of how information flows within and is pushed outside of their boundaries.
Preparation and Properties of Injectable PLLA-mPEG Hydrogel

The star-shaped poly-L-lactide(PLLA) was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using pentaerythritol as the initiator. A series of star-shaped PLLA-mPEG copolymers were synthesized from the carboxylated star-shaped PLLA and mPEG by the "core first" method. Their composition, structure, and molecular weight were characterized via 1HNMR and GPC techniques. The sol-gel transition temperatures were determined with the test tube inverting method, which was from 20 to 66°C. Phase-change characteristics of the copolymers strongly depended on the molecular weight of mPEG. The sol-gel transition temperatures increased with larger molecular weight of mPEG. When the molecular weight of mPEG was 350, the copolymer have desirable sol-gel transition temperatures between 20 and 45℃. DLS and dye probe techniques were employed to identify the formation of micelles of copolymers in aqueous solutions, which was driven by hydrophobic force. The in vitro study of drug release indicated that the Urapidil Hydrochloride-PLLA-mPEG hydrogels exhibited significant sustained-release capability, and its release kinetics could be described by the first order equation.
An Integrated Model of Employee Adoption

Proactive firms recognize that environmental and social issues are sources of competitive advantages, but whatever the motivation, organizations face challenges when implementing sustainable practices. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), sustainable practices have stemmed from multinational corporations (MNC), but SMEs cannot adopt sustainable practices from the knowledge and experiences of large corporations because the two entities differ critically. This study introduces an integrated model of employee adoption of sustainable practices in SMEs. It is based on five behaviors to select practical areas to which SMEs can make internal changes to achieve sustainable practices and the benefits gained from them. The theory of planned behavior is used to extend employee adoption of sustainable practices to SMEs.
To the ends of the earth

AbstractThe Library of Congress maintains six overseas offices for acquisitions and preservation purposes. The offices are located in Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Pakistan and collectively acquire, catalog, microfilm and deliver hundreds of thousands of documents per year to the Library of Congress and over one hundred Cooperative Acquisitions Program participants. The article focuses on the acquisitions, cataloging, automation, and preservation roles of the offices, in addition to the Cooperative Acquisitions Program. A brief profile of each office is given at the end of the article.
Vesicle Trafficking and Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells: Relationship to Intercalated Cell Function in Kidney Collecting Ducts

Many plasma membrane components are delivered to their appropriate membrane domain in membrane-bounded vesicles, and the control of vesicle targeting and fusion are, therefore, critical elements in epithelial cell function. This review discusses some current concepts of how the specificity of this targeting process may be determined, including protein structure, microtubule pathways, and GTP-binding proteins as fusion factors. These concepts of epithelial cell polarity generation and maintenance are of tremendous functional importance to the kidney, because epithelial cells lining the kidney collecting duct have developed highly-specialized, yet independent systems for the rapid modulation of the composition of their plasma membranes in response to different stimuli. In particular, the ability of subpopulations of collecting duct intercalated cells to insert a proton pumping ATPase into opposite plasma membrane domains is a remarkable cell biological feat that provides a unique opportunity for investigating mechanisms of protein targeting in epithelia.
Epitheliomesenchymal Biphasic Tumor With Overtly Malignant Epithelial Component and Bland Spindle Cell Component

Epitheliomesenchymal biphasic tumors of the stomach include carcinosarcomas and gastroblastomas. Carcinosarcomas are composed of high-grade, malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells, occur in older patients, and have poor prognosis. Gastroblastomas are composed of mildly atypical spindle and epithelial cells, occur in children and young adults, and are primarily considered low-grade with good prognosis (one documented case with metastasis). A 57-year-old woman with …
Metabarcoding of Fecal Samples to Determine Herbivore Diets: A Case Study of the Endangered Pacific Pocket Mouse.

Understanding the diet of an endangered species illuminates the animal’s ecology, habitat requirements, and conservation needs. However, direct observation of diet can be difficult, particularly for small, nocturnal animals such as the Pacific pocket mouse (Heteromyidae: Perognathus longimembris pacificus). Very little is known of the dietary habits of this federally endangered rodent, hindering management and restoration efforts. We used a metabarcoding approach to identify source plants in fecal samples (N = 52) from the three remaining populations known. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal loci were sequenced following the Illumina MiSeq amplicon strategy and processed reads were mapped to reference databases. We evaluated a range of threshold mapping criteria and found the best-performing setting generally recovered two distinct mock communities in proportions similar to expectation. We tested our method on captive animals fed a known diet and recovered almost all plant sources, but found substantial heterogeneity among fecal pellets collected from the same individual at the same time. Observed richness did not increase with pooling of pellets from the same individual. In field-collected samples, we identified 4–14 plant genera in individual samples and 74 genera overall, but over 50 percent of reads mapped to just six species in five genera. We simulated the effects of sequencing error, variable read length, and chimera formation to infer taxon-specific rates of misassignment for the local flora, which were generally low with some exceptions. Richness at the species and genus levels did not reach a clear asymptote, suggesting that diet breadth remained underestimated in the current pool of samples. Large numbers of scat samples are therefore needed to make inferences about diet and resource selection in future studies of the Pacific pocket mouse. We conclude that our minimally invasive method is promising for determining herbivore diets given a library of sequences from local plants.
Entre le « vous » et le « je » cet objet macabre: Intervention poétique-érotique dans « Une Charogne »

This paper provides a reading attentive to linguistic features of Baudelaire's poem "Une Charogne."
Adaptive architectures for resilient control of networked multiagent systems in the presence of misbehaving agents

Control algorithms of networked multiagent systems are generally computed distributively without having a centralised entity monitoring the activity of agents; and therefore, unforeseen adverse con...
Molecular Imaging in Nanotechnology and Theranostics

The fields of biomedical nanotechnology and theranostics have enjoyed exponential growth in recent years. The "Molecular Imaging in Nanotechnology and Theranostics" (MINT) Interest Group of the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) was created in order to provide a more organized and focused forum on these topics within the WMIS and at the World Molecular Imaging Conference (WMIC). The interest group was founded in 2015 and was officially inaugurated during the 2016 WMIC. The overarching goal of MINT is to bring together the many scientists who work on molecular imaging approaches using nanotechnology and those that work on theranostic agents. MINT therefore represents scientists, labs, and institutes that are very diverse in their scientific backgrounds and areas of expertise, reflecting the wide array of materials and approaches that drive these fields. In this short review, we attempt to provide a condensed overview over some of the key areas covered by MINT. Given the breadth of the fields and the given space constraints, we have limited the coverage to the realm of nanoconstructs, although theranostics is certainly not limited to this domain. We will also focus only on the most recent developments of the last 3-5 years, in order to provide the reader with an intuition of what is "in the pipeline" and has potential for clinical translation in the near future.
Active Experiencing Training Improves Episodic Memory Recall in Older Adults.

Active experiencing is an intervention aimed at attenuating cognitive declines with mindfulness training via an immersive acting program, and has produced promising results in older adults with limited formal education. Yet, the cognitive mechanism(s) of intervention benefits and generalizability of gains across cognitive domains in the course of healthy aging is unclear. We addressed these issues in an intervention trial of older adults (N = 179; mean age = 69.46 years at enrollment; mean education = 16.80 years) assigned to an active experiencing condition (n = 86) or an active control group (i.e. theatre history; n = 93) for 4 weeks. A cognitive battery was administered before and after intervention, and again at a 4-month follow-up. Group differences in change in cognition were tested in latent change score models. In the total sample, several cognitive abilities demonstrated significant repeated-testing gains. Active experiencing produced greater gains relative to the active control only in episodic recall, with gains still evident up to 4 months after intervention. Intervention conditions were similar in the magnitude of gains in working memory, executive function, and processing speed. Episodic memory is vulnerable to declines in aging and related neurodegenerative disease, and active experiencing may be an alternative or supplement to traditional cognitive interventions with older adults.
Scaling behavior of nanoimprint and nanoprinting lithography for producing nanostructures of molybdenum disulfide.

Top-down lithography techniques are needed for manufacturing uniform device structures based on emerging 2D-layered materials. Mechanical exfoliation approaches based on nanoimprint and nanoprint principles are capable of producing ordered arrays of multilayer transition metal dichalcogenide microstructures with a high uniformity of feature dimensions. In this study, we present a study on the applicability of nanoimprint-assisted shear exfoliation for generating ultrathin monolayer and few-layer MoS2 structures as well as the critical limits of feature dimensions produced via such nanoimprint and nanoprint-based processes. In particular, this work shows that give a lateral feature size of MoS2 structures that are pre-patterned on a bulk stamp, there exists a critical thickness or aspect ratio value, below which the exfoliated layered structures exhibit major defects. To exfoliate a high-quality, uniform monolayer or few-layer structures, the characteristic lateral feature sizes of such structures need to be in the sub-100 nm regimes. In addition, the exfoliated MoS2 flakes of critical thicknesses exhibit prominent interlayer twisting features on their cleaved surfaces. Field-effect transistors made from these MoS2 flakes exhibit multiple (or quasi-analog-tunable) charge memory states. This work advances the knowledge regarding the limitations and application scope of nanoimprint and nanoprint processes in manufacturing nano/microstructures based on layered materials and provides a method for producing multi-bit charge memory devices. A simple stamping method could create electronic devices from 2D materials, researchers in the United States show. Techniques used in mass manufacture of electronic devices can process silicon into structures of less than a micrometer in size. But if other types of electronic material are to become as influential as silicon, similar methods will be needed to reproducibly fabricate their tiny devices. Xiaogan Liang and co-workers at the University of Michigan investigated the size limit of structures comprising 2D materials. The researchers used nanoimprint-assisted shear exfoliation to produce atomic monolayers and multilayers of the 2D semiconducting molybdenum disulfide. The technique involves stamping the material with a desired pattern and then pulling off a thin layer. They showed that the lateral size of the stamp sets a minimum layer thickness below which the material becomes damaged.
Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer Among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites of New Mexico.

Introduction Hispanics in New Mexico are diagnosed with more later-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) than non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our study evaluated the interaction of race/ethnicity and risk factors for later-stage III and IV CRC among patients in New Mexico. Method CRC patients ages 30 to 75 years ( n = 163, 46% Hispanic) completed a survey on key explanatory clinical, lifestyle, preventive health, and demographic variables for CRC risk. Adjusted logistic regression models examined whether these variables differentially contributed to later-stage CRC among NHW versus Hispanics. Results Compared with NHW, Hispanics had a higher prevalence of later-stage CRC ( p = .007), diabetes ( p = .006), high alcohol consumption ( p = .002), low education ( p = .003), and CRC diagnosis due to symptoms ( p = .06). Compared with NHW, Hispanics reporting high alcohol consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 7.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-43.92), lower education (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.28-9.65), being nondiabetic (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.46-7.15), or ever smokers (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.03-5.89) were at higher risk for late-stage CRC. Adjusting for CRC screening did not change the direction or intensity of the odds ratios. Conclusion The ethnicity-risk factor interactions, identified for late-stage CRC, highlight significant factors for targeted intervention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of later-stage CRC among Hispanics in New Mexico with broad applicability to other Hispanic populations.
THE EFFECT OF X-RADIATION ON THE OXYGEN UPTAKE OF EMBRYONATE EGGS

Groups of 10 day old embryonate eggs were given 250, 500, 750, and 1000 r of x-radiation, and oxygen consumption determinations were made subsequently at various intervals during a period of 90 hours. In general, the effect of radiation was moderately stimulatory, but after 90 hours the respiratory rates of the 250 and 1000 r groups were well below those of the control groups. The most striking effect, noted in 3 separate experiments, was the occurrence of a "3 step staircase" type of oxygen consumption curve in all irradiated groups, the levelling off periods apparently occurring between the 4th and 14th, the 24th and 36th, and the 42nd and 66th hours after exposure. These curves were in striking contrast to those shown by groups of non-irradiated eggs, which were practically of the straight line type.
Beam breakup and modulational instability in a bulk type I quadratic medium

The effect of a small modulation superimposed on a strip (1D) solitary wave propagating in a bulk quadratic medium was investigated both analytically and numerically near Type I phase matching. General, exact results were obtained. By using first order perturbation theory, we obtained the gain coefficient for the modulational instability and the modulation cut-off frequency and we investigated their dependence on various beam and material parameters. The wave evolves into a clean periodic sequence of solitary waves and does not reproduce the incident beam. We showed that the beam breakup observed experimentally is due entirely to noise induced modulational instability.
Heat transfer and pressure drop of R32 evaporating in one pass microchannel tube with parallel channels

Abstract This paper presents heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R32 measured in the same facility as introduced in Li and Hrnjak (2017). Experiments are conducted on a 24-port microchannel tube with a hydraulic diameter of 0.643 mm. The pressure drop of R32 is lower than R134a, and the heat transfer coefficient is higher at the same condition. The pressure drop increases with quality and mass flux but decreases with reduction of saturation pressure. R32 heat transfer coefficient increases when heat or mass flux rises. Heat transfer coefficient of R32 first increases when quality increases due to convective effects and then drops at moderate quality due to the absence of nucleate boiling and dry-out. A comparison of adiabatic pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient to correlations has been made. Based on the Blasius equation and homogeneous density, the viscosity model from Cicchitti et al. (1960) has the best fit to predict two-phase pressure drop. Kim and Mudawar (2012) has the smallest MAE to predict pressure drop. For heat transfer coefficient, Sun and Mishima (2009) is the best fit. Further research will be on expanding the database and understanding hydraulic and boiling behavior.
Utilizing numerical models to identify process-induced residual stresses in 3D woven carbon/epoxy composites

A combined experimental-numerical procedure is proposed to evaluate residual stresses in 3D woven carbon/epoxy composites. It is assumed that residual stresses are caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the constituents. The impact of residual stresses is quantified by drilling blind holes in the composite panels and mapping the resulting in-plane surface displacements by digital image correlation and electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Then mesoscale finite element models of the composite are used to determine the effective temperature drop ΔTeff that results in the same predictions for hole drilling. The local distributions of residual stress are given by the finite element simulations of the cooling by this temperature drop ΔTeff
Pediatric Pearls: Management of Shock in Children

The chapters on resuscitation and shock are incredibly valuable in the undifferentiated shock patient. It will set you up for success with initial stabilization while performing evidence-based care. The assistance with dosing for the common “code drugs” is a very valuable reference in a high-anxiety situation like the crashing pediatric patient.
A (Head) Case for a Mad Humanities: Sula's Shadrack and Black Madness

This article calls for literary studies and the humanities to critically engage with the emerging subfield of Mad Studies. Developing alongside anti-psychiatry activism and Disability Studies, Mad Studies critiques how mentally and emotionally disabled individuals evidence the breadth of state violence and discrimination. After tracing a genealogy of Mad Studies, the article offers a model of a Mad literary studies approach by analyzing Shadrack from Toni Morrison's Sula (1973) as a complex figure which resists flattened readings of Black madness. The novel's scholarly history, while rich in Disability Studies readings, makes evident persistent societal neglect of distressed characters—especially distressed characters of color—as peripheral or symbolic. This article pulls from critical race theory, Disability Studies, and trauma studies to form an intersectional inquiry into the material and lived conditions of mad individuals of color. In so doing, the article demonstrates the significant possibilities of this developing interdisciplinary methodology.
Sleep tracking: A systematic review of the research using commercially available technology.

To systematically review the available research studies that characterize the benefits, uncertainty, or weaknesses of commercially available sleep-tracking technology. Sleep is a vital component of health and well-being. Research shows that tracking sleep using commercially available sleep-tracking technology (e.g., wearable or smartphone-based) is increasingly popular in the general population. Systematic literature searches were conducted using PubMed/Medline, Embase (Ovid) the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL, and Web of Science Plus (which included results from BIOSIS Citation Index, InSpec, and Food, Science and Technology Abstracts) (n = 842). Three independent reviewers reviewed eligible articles that administered a commercially available sleep tracker to participants and reported on sleep parameters as captured by the tracker, including either sleep duration or quality. Eligible articles had to include sleep data from users for > = 4 nights. Seven articles met criteria for review. A wearable sleep tracker (e.g., wrist-based) was utilized to track sleep in five of the seven studies, a smartphone-based sleep tracker app was used to record sleep in two of the seven studies. Studies in this review may be characterized in several broad categories, including studies that examined: (1) sleep before and after a clinical procedure (e.g., surgery) (two studies); (2) sleep and a health-related outcome (e.g., asthma symptoms (two studies); (3) the relationship between sleep tracker data and self-reported sleep (one study); and (4) sleep tracker data before and after major political events (one study). Among the studies examining sleep tracker data and health-related outcomes, sleep tracker data was associated with health outcomes, including asthma symptoms, blood pressure, and mood.
A Distributed Framework for Dynamic Task Allocation of Multi-Robot Symbolic Motion Planning

This paper presents an automatic task allocation framework for multi-robot systems (MRS) based on automaton parallel decomposition techniques. Given a synthesized global task automaton for a MRS, an iterative parallel decomposition framework is developed by decomposing this automaton projecting this automaton into a set of parallel decomposable event sets; thus into a set of smallest parallel subtask automata. Furthermore, an enhanced parallel decomposition strategy is presented by extracting the strictly decomposable automaton from a more general task automaton. Next, a task allocation automaton is synthesized for each subtask automaton to determine the robot assignment to tasks in a consecutive way. Through parallel executions of all these subtask allocation automata, a parallel task allocation automaton is obtained, which guarantees the completeness of the solution while reducing the search space. An optimal task allocation solution can be found from this parallel task allocation automaton by taking into account both concurrency and costs of multi-robot tasking. After the task allocation, symbolic motion planning (SMP) is performed for each individual robot. When intermittent communications exist among neighboring robots, task redecomposition and reallocation are triggered to update the optimal task allocation and SMP. This process continues until all the events in each subtask automaton are completed. The overall strategy is demonstrated by a simulation.
Achieving low noise in scanning tunneling spectroscopy

Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) is a powerful experimental tool to understand the electronic structure of materials at the atomic scale, with energy resolution down to the microelectronvolt range. Such resolution requires a low-vibration laboratory, low-noise electronics, and a cryogenic environment. Here, we present a thorough enumeration and analysis of various noise sources and their contributions to the noise floor of STM/S measurements. We provide a comprehensive recipe and an interactive python notebook to input and evaluate noise data, and to formulate a custom step-by-step approach for optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio in STM/S measurements.
Intelligent Traffic-Lights Management by Exploiting Smart Antenna Technology (ITSAT)

Existing traffic lights’ timings and switching patterns do not operate with real-time traffic conditions. This results in wastage of time, fuel, and higher emission of CO2. This paper proposes an intelligent traffic-lights management system by exploiting Smart Antenna Technology (already installed on cellular Base Stations). With the proposed approach, the traffic lights’ duration adapts to the real-time traffic flow. Our proposed approach does not delve into improvements of Smart Antenna Technology but suggests to extract cell-phones’ location information, which translates it into traffic density and use the information to control traffic lights’ timings. The work is based on the assumption that the cell-phones density corresponds to the vehicles’ density on the roadways. We also propose a Notifier integrated into the TDC. It alerts the driver about the signal transition from red to green, and thus helps drivers use their cell phones serenely for the transitory duration the light stays the red. The analysis shows that the proposed approach not only improves the Average Waiting Time (AWT) by 59.3% but also saves 3.42 gallons of fuel, and reduces CO2 emission by 67 pounds per year for each commuter.
Liver Repair and Regeneration in Transplant: State of the Art

The liver is known for having the unusual capacity to regenerate itself following injury. Transplantation is necessarily associated with injury, cell death, and regeneration. The regenerative capacity of the liver is vital to the optimal outcomes of patients who undergo transplant. In this review, we will investigate the mechanisms, including cells and some of the major molecules and cytokines in this process. These will help to elucidate the importance of these molecules while at the same time demonstrating the complexity of this process. Finally, external factors which affect optimal regeneration of the liver will be discussed. Several factors affect liver regeneration such as ischemic reperfusion injury, graft size, immunosuppression, donor age, steatosis, nutrition, and viral hepatitis. The conglomeration and consolidation of all this information is meant to provide the reader with a deeper picture of this process, while also serving to lay a foundation for ideas for further research in this field and consequently improve transplant outcomes.
Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer.

A 31-year-old woman presents to your office for a well-woman examination. She is sexually active in a monogamous relationship and has never been pregnant. She tells you that her mother was diagnosed with tubal cancer at age 40 and that her sister, who is 42 years of age, was recently diagnosed with breast cancer.
Plasma lactic dehydrogenase activities in men during bed rest with exercise training

Peak oxygen uptake and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH-T) and its five isoenzymes were measured by spectrophotometer in seven men before, during, and after bed rest and exercise training. Exercise training consisted of isometric leg exercises of 250 kcal/hr for a period of one hour per day. It is found that LDH-T was reduced by 0.05 percent in all three regimens by day 10 of bed rest, and that the decrease occurred at different rates. The earliest reduction in LDH-T activity in the no-exercise regimen was associated with a decrease in peak oxygen uptake of 12.3 percent. It is concluded that isometric (aerobic) muscular strength training appear to maintain skeletal muscle integrity better during bed rest than isotonic exercise training. Reduced hydrostatic pressure during bed rest, however, ultimately counteracts the effects of both moderate isometric and isotonic exercise training, and may result in decreased LDH-T activity.
Development of Consistent Size Criteria for ASTM Combined Fracture Mechanics Standards

Recent ASTM Subcommittee E08.08 on Elastic-Plastic Fracture Technology activities have concentrated on the development of a common fracture test standard that allows the evaluation of elastic and elastic-plastic fracture toughness properties from tests on a single specimen. Many technical changes have been made to allow this process to go forward, but one area in which progress has not been made is in clarifying the various specimen size requirements that were part of the earlier standards. Instead, the size requirements in the new toughness testing standard E1820 have been extracted from the earlier standards, like ASTM E399 and ASTM E813 and extended to the new standard without change, in spite of their clear inconsistency. A review of the development of the E399 size criteria [1] seems to make it clear that the E399 size criterion was meant by its originators to represent only a requirement that allowed the 0.95 secant offset method to adequately evaluate a consistent measure of crack initiation. The later J-integral-based size criteria of E813, E1152, E1737, E1820, and the recent T o Reference Temperature standard E1921 are based on finite element analysis [2], which ensures that a minimal deviation from small-scale yielding (SSY) occurs. This is intended to generate consistent crack tip constraint as the specimen size decreases or the crack length increases. In this work, specimens from three materials, a 6061-T651 aluminum, a 6A1-4V titanium alloy, and a 4340 steel alloy, were tested to investigate what the proper size criteria should be for a combined fracture mechanics test standard. Larger specimens from each material were tested to obtain K l c values meeting the stringent size criteria of ASTM E399. Smaller specimens of each material were tested that intentionally failed the E399 size criteria, but satisfied the less stringent criteria of ASTM E813 and E1820. The unloading compliance method has been used in the testing of the smaller specimens so that an estimate of the true crack initiation point on the specimen load displacement record can be measured. The fracture toughness at the onset of ductile crack extension is measured in terms of the J integral and converted to an equivalent stress intensity Kj value using the standard relationship. The fracture toughness at this crack initiation point can then be compared with the K Q obtained using the 0.95 secant offset initiation point specified by the E399 K l c procedure, and the validity of the various measures of initiation toughness can be determined with respect to the different size criteria.
Epithelial Ion Channel Folding and ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD)

Epithelial ion channels and transporters play critical roles in salt and water homeostasis. The expression, assembly, and trafficking of these proteins are tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. For example, ion channel residence at the plasma membrane is regulated in response to intra- and extracellular signals that can alter anterograde trafficking, endocytosis, and/or degradation. While regulation at the plasma membrane has been thoroughly characterized for a number of ion channels and transporters, the mechanisms underlying early events in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have only more recently been defined. Notably, all epithelial ion channels and transporters are synthesized at and insert into the ER membrane, at which time posttranslational modifications are added, the protein begins to fold, and subunits of oligomeric proteins assemble. However, before epithelial ion channels and transporters can traffic from the ER, they are subject to protein quality control “decisions,” which ensure that only properly modified, folded, and assembled subunits are directed to the Golgi apparatus and ultimately to the plasma membrane via vesicle intermediates. Here, we first describe the general steps to which ion channels and transporters are subject in the ER and highlight the factors that facilitate protein folding. We will also discuss the events that lead to the degradation of improperly modified, misfolded, and misassembled proteins in the ER. This pathway is known as ER-associated degradation, or ERAD. We will then provide specific examples of critical epithelial proteins that undergo these events in ER protein quality control.
The Dialectic in Marxism and Freedom for Today: The Unity of Theory and Practice and the Movement of Today’s Concrete Struggles

Raya Dunayevskaya articulates Marx’s dialectical method and positions the worker as Revolutionary Subject, without whom the intellectual grasps only an abstract concept of revolution. Without direct understanding of the worker’s concrete reality and their activity for change (which involves both movement in consciousness and reality), the intellectual’s theorizing remains disconnected from the actual concrete conditions and desires of those who are actually moving. Furthermore, without the recognition of their capacity to move as human Subject, the intellectual denies their humanity and destroys the possibility of revolution. This chapter explores the dialectical relation between theory and practice and challenges the elitism that often infests movements spawned by “well-meaning” intellectuals, whose life experiences are often too far removed from the social conditions that both warrant the necessity for change and create the impetus to risk it all. It discusses Dunayevskaya’s insistence on the Black masses as vanguard as the historical Subject of revolution and extends this approach in light of today’s most important social movements. The particular focus of this chapter is the recognition of the revolutionary Subject as made in the process of struggle, the various structures of oppression that can become rallying points around which mass mobilizing can be dialectically developed, and the Woman of Color as “force and Reason” of revolution.
Police as Community Caretakers: Caniglia v. Strom

Among government officials, police have a near monopoly on the use of physical force and the greatest incentive to hide their motives. An expansive interpretation of Caniglia v. Strom, the recent Supreme Court decision rejecting a freestanding caretaker exception, would help curb both police misuse of force and police use of pretexts to pursue illegitimate agendas, because it would limit police-initiated searches and seizures purporting to be for benign purposes. It might also provide doctrinal support for the fledgling movement to de-police those government services that, whatever might be the tradition, do not require the intervention of armed individuals trained to fight crime. It may be that, outside of real emergencies, the last thing we want police to do is function as “caretakers” of the community.
Multiple Computer Support Electronics (CSE) Test Bed for Infrared Scene Projector Systems.

Multi-CSE is a configurable hardware solution used to drive high-speed Infrared Scene Projector (IRSP) systems. This architecture is used in exploratory testing on higher resolution arrays and faster frame rates, driving both current and future IRSP systems. This paper highlights the developments over the past year.
Trends and disparities in osteoarthritis prevalence among US adults, 2005-2018.

Studies reporting trends and disparities of osteoarthritis (OA) in the United States are limited. We aimed to examine trends and disparities of OA prevalence among US adults, from 2005 to 2018. Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005-2006 to 2017-2018 were analyzed. Age-adjusted and self-reported OA prevalence, stratified by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES), was calculated separately for men and women. The linear trend and the association between the survey cycles and OA prevalence were assessed. Age-adjusted and self-reported OA prevalence linearly increased in the seven survey cycles (both Plinear trend ≤ 0.0002) in men and women. Non-Hispanic Caucasians (both Plinear trend ≤ 0.0001) in both genders and Non-Hispanic African Americans women (Plinear trend ≤ 0.0001) had significantly increasing linear trends in OA prevalence. In addition, people with lower SES had a lower age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported OA when compared to those with higher SES. The increasing linear trends still existed among both men and women after adjusting for multiple confounders (both Plinear trend ≤ 0.002). There were significant rising trends and disparities in self-reported OA prevalence among US men and women between 2005 and 2018.
A new multi-algorithm approach to sparse system adaptation

This paper introduces a new combination of adaptive algorithms for the identification of sparse systems. Two similar adaptive filters, proportionate normalized least mean squares (PNLMS) and exponential gradient (EG) have been shown to have initial convergence that is much faster than the classical normalized least mean squares (NLMS) when the system to be identified is sparse. Unfortunately, after the initial phase, the convergence is then actually slower than NLMS. Another algorithm developed by Gansler, Benesty, Sondhi, and Gay, which we will refer to as GBSG, operates in a manner complementary to PNLMS and EG. Its initial convergence is at about the same rate as NLMS, but gradually accelerates to a fast final convergence. By combining both algorithms, PNLMS and GBSG we obtain fast adaptation convergence rates in both initial and final phases of the process.
NUTRITIONAL REGULATION AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF THE MALIC ENZYME GENE IN THE CHICKEN : TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL AND CHROMATIN STRUCTURE

Refeeding starved chicks causes a 25- to 50-fold increase in the level of malic enzyme mRNA in liver. To define the regulated steps, we measured transcriptional activity of the malic enzyme gene using the nuclear run-on assay and a variety of DNA probes specific to the malic enzyme gene. Refeeding starved chicks stimulated transcription of the malic enzyme gene in liver by 40- to 50-fold. An increased transcription rate was detectable at 1.5 h, was maximal at 3 h, and remained high at 24 h of refeeding. The level of nuclear precursor RNA for malic enzyme assessed by hybridization with intron-specific probes was high in liver of refed birds, and barely detectable in that of starved birds. These results indicate that nutritional regulation of the level of malic enzyme mRNA is transcriptional. Low levels of malic enzyme mRNA in brain, kidney, and heart correlated well with low rates of transcription of the malic enzyme gene in these tissues. In contrast to liver, neither the rate of transcription nor the steady-state level of malic enzyme mRNA was affected by refeeding starved birds. A series of DNase I-hypersensitive sites were located within 4000 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site of the malic enzyme gene in liver. The DNase I-hypersensitive region extending from the start of transcription to 400 base pairs upstream was much more pronounced in the refed state than in the starved state. This change in DNase I hypersensitivity followed the same time course as increased transcription of the malic enzyme gene. This DNase I-hypersensitive region also was present at low intensity in kidney and heart independently of nutritional state. The three constitutive DNase I-hypersensitive sites further upstream were present in liver but not in kidney or heart.
Arqueología y movimientos sociales en el pacífico colombiano

espanolEste ensayo describe artefactos y cultura material provenientes de la costa pacifica colombiana y conversaciones sostenidas con indigenas wounan y afrocolombianos, y muestra por que la arqueologia debe involucrarse con la vida de las personas que habitan cerca de estos vestigios y con el porvenir de la antropologia latinoamericana. EnglishThis essay describes artifacts and material cultura from the pacific colombian cost, and conversations Wounan indigenous an Afrocolombians. Also shows why archeology should involves with the lives of people who live near ancient sites, and with the future of anthropology in Latin America.
You Can't Go Home Again: Women and Criminal Recidivism

Abstract In the past decade there has been a 132% increase in the number of women being supervised on parole. Nearly all of what is known about recidivism comes from research on male offenders which may not accurately nor adequately explain the post-prison experiences of females that lead to re-incarceration. This study reports findings from interviews with 38 women who had served multiple prison sentences. Findings from these interviews illustrate the role that drug relapse, inadequate employment, and relationships with children and other family members play in the post-prison adjustment of female recidivists. The implications of these findings for programs and policy are discussed.