cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Microwave Power in the Fabrication of “Kamaboko”

AbstractKamaboko, a fish cake prepared from washed, homogenized flesh, is normally cooked by conventional methods requiring 40 to 50 minutes. The use of microwave power was shown to reduce the cooking time considerably. Although this must be substantiated by further studies, this would probably represent a substantial energy saving to commercial manufacturers. Sensory testing was carried out to determine the effect of microwave processing on the texture of the finished product. The results clearly showed that the textural characteristics of Kamaboko, whether cooked with microwaves or prepared in the traditional manner, were similar.
Interpersonal Comparison and Maximization

In either the preference or the happiness version, utilitarianism is a theory that requires the comparison of people’s preferences in making a moral judgment. That is, it seeks to determine what one ought to do by comparing feasible courses of action and by balancing people’s preferences regarding the states of affairs that each alternative course of action will bring about.1 Theoretically, Hare’s special version of utilitarianism is designed to dispense with such an interpersonal comparison, since in his theory all the preferences that are balanced are preferences of the person who is making a moral judgment. All of them are his own preferences, including those which he newly acquired by representing others’ preferences to himself and which have the same quality and intensity as other people’s actual preferences. We will return to Hare’s maneuver later. Here, however, let us take utilitarianism to be a theory that requires interpersonal comparisons of preferences, including those of oneself and others. When we pursue this line, we encounter another problem of utilitarianism, which is how to compare people’s preferences and integrate them into a moral judgment. We also have the related problem of how to compare a present preference with a future preference. Let us assume, however, that we are discussing both types of problems, that is, the inter-personal and the inter-temporal comparisons of preferences, when we talk about comparing people’s preferences in the argument below.
A AAAA model to support science gateways with community accounts: Research Articles

Science gateways have emerged as a concept for allowing large numbers of users in communities to easily access high-performance computing resources which previously required a steep learning curve to utilize. In order to reduce the complexity of managing access for these communities, which can often be large and dynamic, the concept of community accounts is being considered. This paper proposes a security model for community accounts, organized by the four As of security: Authentication, Authorization, Auditing and Accounting. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making the Decision to Extend Probation Supervision at a Local Agency

The response to a probation violation is often a shared decision between the probation officer and the supervising judge. The result of this decision is a range of possible outcomes. One violation outcome examined here was extended supervision lengths in lieu of incarceration. This decision has been overlooked by prior research but is important to ensure equitable treatment of probationers. This study examined behavioral and organizational factors that resulted in extended supervisions for 6,034 probationers within a large county agency. On average, supervision extensions for these probationers lasted approximately 2 months (62.08 days). The decision-making framework partially explains these extensions because officers had access to poor client behavior indicators. The practical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
On Studying Common Factor Dominance and Approximate Unidimensionality in Multicomponent Measuring Instruments with Discrete Items.

This article outlines a procedure for examining the degree to which a common factor may be dominating additional factors in a multicomponent measuring instrument consisting of binary items. The procedure rests on an application of the latent variable modeling methodology and accounts for the discrete nature of the manifest indicators. The method provides point and interval estimates (a) of the proportion of the variance explained by all factors, which is due to the common (global) factor and (b) of the proportion of the variance explained by all factors, which is due to some or all other (local) factors. The discussed approach can also be readily used as a means of assessing approximate unidimensionality when considering application of unidimensional versus multidimensional item response modeling. The procedure is similarly utilizable in case of highly discrete (e.g., Likert-type) ordinal items, and is illustrated with a numerical example.
Accountability studies of air pollution and health effects: lessons learned and recommendations for future natural experiment opportunities

To address limitations of observational epidemiology studies of air pollution and health effects, including residual confounding by temporal and spatial factors, several studies have taken advantage of 'natural experiments', where an environmental policy or air quality intervention has resulted in reductions in ambient air pollution concentrations. Researchers have examined whether the population impacted by these air quality improvements, also experienced improvements in various health indices (e.g. reduced morbidity/mortality). In this paper, I review key accountability studies done previously and new studies done over the past several years in Beijing, Atlanta, London, Ireland, and other locations, describing study design and analysis strengths and limitations of each. As new 'natural experiment' opportunities arise, several lessons learned from these studies should be applied when planning a new accountability study. Comparison of health outcomes during the intervention to both before and after the intervention in the population of interest, as well as use of a control population to assess whether any temporal changes in the population of interest were also seen in populations not impacted by air quality improvements, should aid in minimizing residual confounding by these long term time trends. Use of either detailed health records for a population, or prospectively collected data on relevant mechanistic biomarkers coupled with such morbidity/mortality data may provide a more thorough assessment of if the intervention beneficially impacted the health of the community, and if so by what mechanism(s). Further, prospective measurement of a large suite of air pollutants may allow a more thorough understanding of what pollutant source(s) is/are responsible for any health benefit observed. The importance of using multiple statistical analysis methods in each paper and the difference in how the timing of the air pollution/outcome association may impact which of these design features is most important is also discussed. Based on these and other lessons learned, researchers may provide a more epidemiologically rigorous evaluation of cause-specific health impacts of an air quality intervention or action.
Politics in Punishment: the Effect of the State Attorney Election Cycle on Conviction and Sentencing Outcomes in Florida

While a considerable amount of research recognizes a link between politics and criminal justice administration and policy, minimal literature is concerned with the impact of election cycles on punishment outcomes. Recent studies find incarceration is used as a tool for gaining political power. Therefore, the election period, especially when the incumbent faces opposition, could have a substantial effect on sentencing outcomes. Previous research has examined this phenomenon on a national and state level, but has rarely considered local political influences on elections. In this study, we examine the effect of local state attorney elections on punitiveness in punishment decisions, specifically through filing rates, conviction rates, prison admission rates, and average prison sentence lengths. As it is well established that criminal justice sanctions disproportionately affect minorities, we also examine the potential amplification of this disparity during the election cycle. A fixed-effects panel design was used to assess the effect of the State Attorney election periods in Florida and the presence of an electoral opponent on conviction and sentencing outcomes from 1995 to 2010. The results lend partial support to the hypothesis that the election cycle affects criminal justice outcomes.
Small for Gestational Age: Scale and Consequences for Mortality, Morbidity, and Development

Small for gestational age (SGA) is most commonly defined as birthweight for age below the 10th percentile of the reference, and it is used as a marker of growth failure and represents a major global health problem. This chapter starts with a description of the different methods to assess SGA and the challenges and limitations associated with them, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This is followed by the epidemiology of SGA and its determinants. Finally, the short- and long-term consequences of SGA in terms of mortality, morbidity, and development are explored.
Neonatal neurological examination during the first 6h after birth.

Abstract Background Few neurological assessments are easily performed during the first 6 h after birth. Aims To assess a cohort of low risk term born newborns within the first 6 h and at 48 h after birth using the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination. Study design and subjects A population of low risk term born newborns was examined within 3 h from birth or between 3 and 6 h. Each infant was re-assessed at 48 h, establishing the range and frequency distribution of neonatal neurological scores at each time point. Results Of the 124 full-term born newborns, 62 were assessed at 0–3 h and 62 at 3–6 h. All infants were re-assessed at 48 h. For 23/34 of the neurological items, the range and median scores were similar across the 3 time points. In the remaining 11 items the three groups had a similar range of scores but the median scores were different with different rates of changes. In 6 of the 11 the median scores at 3–6 h were similar to those observed at 48 h but they appeared to be ‘less mature’ at 0–3 h. Only in one item the median scores were consistently different at the 3 time points. Conclusions Our results suggest that a neurological examination can already be reliably performed soon after birth. These findings will help in the interpretation of the few items that show changes with increasing postnatal age.
Cultivating the Inner Life of a Physician Through Written Reflection

All of us have an "inner life" that forms the core of who we are. It shapes and is shaped by our actions and experiences. During physician training, attention to residents' inner life requires a focus on their beliefs and emotions as well as their ethical and spiritual development, topics often considered to be outside the realm of clinical training and practice. We suggest that written reflections, as part of medical residency curriculum, can allow residents to explore their inner lives. The depth and range of residents' explorations show the value of adding brief, protected time for residents to explore their hopes, joys, struggles, and feelings, and to develop meaning from their experiences with patients.
Challenges in the Conversion of Manual Processes to Machine-Assisted Syntheses: Activation of Thioglycoside Donors with Aryl(trifluoroethyl)iodonium Triflimide

The steps needed to adapt a stable iodonium promoter for use in automated fluorous-assisted solution-phase oligosaccharide synthesis are described. Direct adaptation of the originally reported batch procedure resulted in the formation of an orthoester or protecting group transfer to the glycosyl acceptor. Fortunately, the addition of inexpensive β-pinene as an acid scavenger avoided both of these side reactions. The utility of this newly developed protocol was applied to the automated solution-phase synthesis of a β-glucan fragment.
Who Values What Nature? Constructing Conservation Value with Fungi

Humans depend on fungi to provide food and medicine and to maintain the environments we inhabit. Yet their conservation has not captured the attention of conservationists, perhaps because existing normative economic, ecological, and social ways of creating value for plants and animals are a challenge to adapt for fungi. Using a CPG perspective, this chapter argues that the value of fungi becomes clearer using alternative forms of accounting focused on interconnectivity. The concept of econo-ecologies refocuses value on the importance of work and exchange. For fungi, econo-ecological conservation is generated through sustainable livelihood practices and ethical biogeographies. Fungi can thus serve as a paradigmatic case, demonstrating how the interconnectedness of values can help to reclaim conservation as a site of ethical decision-making.
Identification of Safety Metrics for Airport Surface Operations

A large fraction of safety incidents occurs on the ground during airport surface operations. Although these incidents are mostly non-fatal with a few exceptions, they are high profile incidents that remain a source of concern for the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), major airlines, and other stakeholders of the National Airspace System (NAS). These incidents have historically been mitigated by implementing changes to regulations, policies, and procedures over time. This approach has minimized but not eliminated the risk of occurrences. It is thus important to develop integrated techniques to assess, model, and prevent these incidents by analyzing the risk and likelihood of occurrence and communicating results of the analysis to decision-making personnel who can mitigate and prevent incidents in real time. The research presented in this report builds on prior work of researchers at the NASA Ames Research Center who developed an automated framework, Real-Time Safety Monitoring (RTSM), to enable monitoring and prediction of the safety of the NAS. In the RTSM framework, hazards to flight are translated to safety metrics such as wake vortex encounters or loss of separation, that can be modeled and analyzed offline and also predicted and monitored in real time (online). The intent of this report is to integrate predictable incidents that occur during surface and ground operations into the safety portfolio of the RTSM project by (i) identifying suitable information sources from which ground incidents can be studied, (ii) developing safety metrics correlated with surface operations, and (iii) recommending suitable data sources that can be quantified and used for the computation of pertinent safety metrics.
Data Mining from Multimedia Patient Records

Most current patient records mining applications (for classification, prediction, and for other data mining objectives) are based on a standard representation in the form of structured records with numerical and/or categorical values. The significant advances in pre-processing, pattern recognition, and interpretation of medical images, texts and signals can, and should, be coupled with other data mining and knowledge discovery techniques, to increase the benefits of mining multimedia patient records. This integration is expected to greatly improve the results of patient records mining specifically when applied to a comprehensive set of data that includes description of the patient history and status. To achieve these objectives, careful selection of appropriate techniques is required, especially in the preprocessing phase following a specified methodology. In this chapter, the importance of preprocessing and feature extraction phases in mining large collections of multimedia patient records is emphasized. Selected techniques with illustrative examples are given showing the applicability of rule-based methodologies in the preparation phases of a data mining process.
All Optical Multihop Architectures for Photonic Packet Switching

All-optical photonic packet switched networks offer the potential for data-rate and format transparent communications. Major progress has been achieved over the last several years in the design and investigation of new all-optical multihop architectures and realization of the components and subsystems. Additionally, basic network demonstrations are beginning to emerge. This talk focuses on the basic network and node architectures, various approaches used to realize the necessary building blocks, and a selection of systems level experimental demonstrations to date. Additionally, fundamental physical limitations to the scalability of these networks will be reviewed.
Roles of SST versus Internal Atmospheric Variability in Winter Extreme Precipitation Variability along the U.S. West Coast

AbstractThe U.S. West Coast exhibits large variability of extreme precipitation during the boreal winter season (December–February). Understanding the large-scale forcing of such variability is imp...
Type VIII SLAP Repair at Midterm Follow-Up: Throwers Have Greater Pain, Decreased Function, and Poorer Return to Play.

Purpose To evaluate and compare midterm outcomes and return to play (RTP) of throwers and nonthrowers who underwent type VIII SLAP repair. Methods With 4-year minimum follow-up, stability, pain, range of motion (ROM), Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores; surgical satisfaction; and RTP were compared between throwing and nonthrowing athletes who underwent repair of type VIII SLAP lesions between 2003 and 2014. Results 46 patients (27 throwers and 19 nonthrowers) were included. The athletes were aged 24.2 ± 9.2 years at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up period was 6.6 ± 2.0 years. A significant improvement in stability, pain, ROM, KJOC, and ASES scores was seen after surgery in both throwers and nonthrowers (P .99), or overall RTP (70.4% in throwers vs 94.7% in nonthrowers, P = .06). However, throwers were less likely to RTP at their preoperative level (37.0% in throwers vs 73.7% in nonthrowers, P = .02). Conclusions Surgical repair of type VIII SLAP tears led to significant improvements in stability, pain, ROM, and outcome scores at midterm follow-up. Compared with nonthrowers, throwers had significantly more pain, less ROM, and worse function. Throwers were also less likely to RTP at their preoperative level. These findings suggest that type VIII SLAP tears should be repaired in all athletes because outcomes do improve, although throwers require specific counseling and expectation management regarding their ability to RTP at their preinjury level. Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic case-control study.
Comment on "HAR Inference: Recommendations for Practice" by E. Lazarus, D. J. Lewis, J. H. Stock and M. W. Watson

The article applies the framework of Lazarus, Lewis, and Stock (2017) to suggest a specific recipe for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation robust (HAR) inference. In many ways, the ultimate reco...
ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Medical and Surgical Interventions

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States. Annually, 790,000 Americans will experience a myocardial infarction. Early recognition and appropriate management of myocardial infarction are imperative to improving patient outcomes. This article discusses the pathophysiology, presentation, and diagnosis and management of both ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI.
Electron Correlation in the Singlet and Triplet States of the Atomic 2px12py1 Configuration

The angular correlation in the xy-plane for the singlet and triplet states of the atomic 2px12py1 configuration as discussed by McMillin (J. Chem. Educ. 2018, 95, 1587–1591) is explored without reference to radial coordinates and expanded to outside of the xy-plane. The triplet state (with antisymmetric spatial wave function) is shown to prefer electrons with azimuths that project onto any pair of perpendicular axes in the plane but avoid projections onto any collinear axes. In contrast, the singlet state (with symmetric spatial wave function) does not show any overall bias for projected collinear or perpendicular axes in the xy-plane. However, relative to each other, there is a striking difference between the probability densities of the singlet and triplet states along the axes that have maximal orbital overlap: the singlet (triplet) state shows elevated (reduced) density at collinear projected arrangements, but reduced (elevated) density at perpendicular projected arrangements.
The Reach and Feasibility of an Interactive Lung Cancer Screening Decision Aid Delivered by Patient Portal.

Objective Health systems could adopt population-level approaches to screening by identifying potential screening candidates from the electronic health record and reaching out to them via the patient portal. However, whether patients would read or act on sent information is unknown. We examined the feasibility of this digital health outreach strategy. Methods We conducted a single-arm pragmatic trial in a large academic health system. An electronic health record algorithm identified primary care patients who were potentially eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS). Identified patients were sent a patient portal invitation to visit a LCS interactive Web site which assessed screening eligibility and included a decision aid. The primary outcome was screening completion. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who read the invitation, visited the interactive Web site, and completed the interactive Web site. Results We sent portal invitations to 1,000 patients. Almost all patients (86%, 862/1,000) read the invitation, 404 (40%) patients visited the interactive Web site, and 349 patients (35%) completed it. Of the 99 patients who were confirmed screening eligible by the Web site, 81 made a screening decision (30% wanted screening, 44% unsure, 26% declined screening), and 22 patients had a chest computed tomography completed. Conclusion The digital outreach strategy reached the majority of patient portal users. While the study focused on LCS, this digital outreach approach could be generalized to other health needs. Given the broad reach and potential low cost of this digital strategy, future research should investigate best practices for implementing the system.
Mechanistic understanding of electrochemical plating and stripping of metal electrodes

Lithium metal is an attractive negative electrode material for rechargeable lithium batteries because of its light weight and high electronegative redox potential. However, dendritic deposition of lithium during charging poses a safety concern. During discharging, some of the lithium may strip away from the electrode as the root of the dendrite is electrodissolved. This is referred to as dead lithium since it is not electrochemically active, which may result in low coulombic efficiency. In this work, a comprehensive understanding of the interface evolution leading to the formation of dead lithium is presented based on a mechanism-driven probabilistic analysis. A non-dendritic interface morphology is obtained under reaction and ionic transport controlled scenarios. Otherwise, this may evolve into mossy, dendritic, whisker or needle-like structures with the main characteristic being the propensity for undesirable vertical growth. During discharging, a pitted interface may be formed along with bulk dissolution. Surface diffusion is a key determinant controlling the extent of dead lithium formation, including a higher probability of the same when the effect of surface diffusion is comparable to that of ionic diffusion in the electrolyte and interface reaction.
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Metabolism: Modeling Growth and Disease Using Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent biological model for fatty acid studies, especially for elucidating the functions of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and their derivatives. C. elegans can synthesize essential fatty acids and also has the ability to convert omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. This review details how functions of specific fatty acids can be uncovered by using mutant strains defective in various steps of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. We describe roles for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and their derived signaling molecules in growth and development, reproduction, and neuronal function.
Securing a Wireless Network-on-Chip Against Jamming-Based Denial-of-Service and Eavesdropping Attacks

Wireless networks-on-chips (NoCs) (WiNoCs) have emerged as a possible solution to the nonscalable multihop data transmission paths in traditional wired NoC architectures. Using low-power transceivers in NoC switches, novel WiNoC architectures have been shown to achieve higher energy efficiency with improved peak bandwidth and reduced on-chip data transfer latency. However, using wireless interconnects for intrachip data transfer over an unguided medium introduces additional security vulnerabilities in on-chip communication arising from either external attackers or internal hardware Trojans. In this article, we propose a mechanism to make the wireless communication in a WiNoC secure against persistent jamming-based denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and eavesdropping (ED) from both external and internal attackers. Persistent jamming attacks on the on-chip wireless medium will cause interference in data transfer over the duration of the attack resulting in errors in contiguous bits, known as burst errors. Therefore, we use a burst-error correction code to monitor the rate of burst errors received over the wireless medium and deploy a machine-learning (ML) classifier to detect the persistent jamming attack and distinguish it from random burst errors. In the event of a persistent jamming attack, alternate routing strategies are proposed to avoid the DoS attack over the wireless medium, so that a secure data transfer can be sustained even in the presence of persistent jamming. In the event of an external ED attack, we deploy a low-latency and lightweight data scrambling method to secure communication over the wireless channel. In the case of an internal ED, we propose a mechanism to identify the attacker and prevent the attack. We evaluate the proposed techniques on a WiNoC in the presence of DoS and ED attacks from both internal and external attackers. On an average, 99.87% of the attack on DoS detection was achieved with the chosen ML classifier. A bandwidth degradation of < 3% is experienced in the event of both DoS and ED internal attacks. The wireless interconnects are disabled in the presence of a persistent external jamming DoS attack for security, therefore eliminating the advantages of the wireless interconnections making the performance of the WiNoC comparable with that of a wired NoC. Although scrambling overheads are incurred in the presence of an external ED attack, the overheads are minimized by adopting simple XOR-based encoding and decoding.
Factors that Facilitate or Impair Kinesic and Vocalic Nonverbal Behaviors During Interpersonal Deception

This chapter presents results of an original interactive experiment in which truthful or deceptive interviewees were highly motivated (or not) and interviewed in one of three interaction modalities: face-to-face, audio, or text. Participants committed or observed a mock crime and then were interviewed by trained interviewers. Motivated interviewees became more animated facially and posturally and used more vocalized pauses and dysfluencies, regardless of veracity. Deceivers reduced gestures and movement and used more vocalized fillers, which became more prevalent over time. Deceivers reported higher motivation, negative arousal, cognitive effort, and behavioral control than truth tellers, especially in nonverbal modalities. Adaptation across phases of the interview challenges overreliance on nonverbal behaviors as deception signals.
Emotions and racial differences, moving forward

Emotions research in political psychology has paid insufficient attention to race, and this symposium on emotion and Black politics is a promising step forward. Race and politics scholars call atte...
Catharsis: The Politics of Enjoyment

One of the first things that stands out about Zizek’s discourse is his combination of high culture (philosophy) and low culture (popular culture). As an example of what many people call postmodernism, his work often uses humor to move beyond the modern divide between serious thought and entertainment. On one level, this combination of opposites points to the ways contemporary culture undermines past cultural distinctions by combining together multiple discourses. However, from a psychoanalytic rhetorical perspective, we should ask how does this use of language shape the meaning and effects of Zizek’s writing and speaking? In other words, how is his discourse framed to direct the expectations of his audience? What matters then is not only what he says but what rhetorical mode frames his discourse.
Influence of graphene on the magnetic properties of nickel ferrite nanoparticles

Abstract Nickel ferrite nanoparticles were subjected to mechanochemical activation for ball milling times ranging from 0 to 12 h. The milling was performed with and without the addition of equimolar concentrations of graphene nanoparticles. Characterization of resulting nano-powders was undertaken by Mӧssbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The hyperfine magnetic field was studied as function of milling time for octahedral and tetrahedral sites. An additional quadrupole split doublet represented the occurrence of superparamagnetic particles in the as-obtained and milled specimens. A new phase was obtained in the graphene-milled set of samples, which could be assigned to carbon-rich particles. The degree of inversion and canting angle were derived from the Mӧssbauer measurements and studied as function of ball milling time. The degree of inversion was found to decrease with milling time, especially for the set without graphene and evidenced a transition from inverse to normal spinels. The canting angle decreased with time for the graphene milled nanoparticles. The recoilless fraction was determined as function of milling time and was consistent with the observation – for the first time in literature – of a distribution of recoilless fractions in the studied specimens. The saturation magnetization, remanence magnetization and coercive field were derived from the hysteresis loops, recorded at 5 K and 5 T. The zero-field-cooling-field-cooling measurements were obtained in a magnetic field of 200 Oe and the blocking temperature was determined. Our results show new features of the behavior of nickel ferrite nanoparticles under mechanochemical activation with and without graphene.
Assessments of Environmental Injustice among Black Americans

The greater exposure of communities of color and poor communities to environmental harms compared with white and middle-class neighborhoods constitutes “environmental injustice.” Here, we examine h...
The Aging Parotid Gland: A Longitudinal Volumetric Study and Implications for Treatment.

BACKGROUND The parotid gland accounts for significant soft tissue volume in the face and is therefore of central relevance to facial and neck rejuvenation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine how parotid gland volume is predicted by age and other factors. METHODS We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of patients with multiple computed tomography (CT) scans of the neck performed at least 7 years apart. Parotid gland volumes were measured and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to model the relations between age, body mass index (BMI), and parotid volume. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 70 patients. The mean [standard deviation] ages at initial and final imaging time points were 47.5 [12.6] and 58.8 [12.2] years, respectively, with an average of 11.3 years elapsed between CT scans. The mean parotid gland volume increased from 28.7 [10.0] to 32.2 [10.7] mL over the average 11.3-year period (P = 0.03). However, the results of the multiple linear regression analysis show that when controlling for BMI and sex, age alone does not predict parotid volume (P = 0.29). BMI was directly correlated with gland volume (P < 0.01). An increase of 1.0 kg/m2 in BMI predicted an increase in parotid volume by 1.1 mL. Male sex was also associated with significantly greater parotid volume. CONCLUSIONS Mean parotid volume increased over time but these gains were driven by increases in BMI and not age alone. These findings are highly relevant to the treatment of the aging face and neck.
Mitral Valve Repair vs Replacement in Patients with Previous Mediastinal Irradiation.

Long-term outcomes of mitral valve surgery after mediastinal radiation therapy (MRT) are not well characterized. We analyzed long-term survival in patients who underwent mitral valve repair or replacement after MRT. From 2001 to 2018, 148 patients underwent mitral valve surgery at our institution after MRT for cancer. The association between surgery group and survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling, with propensity score adjustment to control for clinical and operative differences between groups. Mitral valve was repaired in 48 (32.4%) and replaced in 100 (67.6%) patients. The groups (repair vs replacement) were similar in age (62.0 vs 57.1 years, p = 0.10), gender (female n = 38, 79.2% vs n = 65, 65%, p = 0.08), chronic lung disease (n = 12, 25.0% vs n = 37, 37.0%, p = 0.19), congestive heart failure (n = 13, 27.1% vs n = 38, 38.4%, p = 0.20), but differed in atrial fibrillation (n = 17, 35.4% vs n = 13, 13.0%, p = 0.002), first cardiovascular surgery (n = 34, 70.8% vs n = 47, 47.0%, p = 0.006), and time since MRT (median 12, 7–27 years, vs 30, 19–37 years, p
The Xanadu Project: Training Faculty in the Use of Information and Communication Technology for University Teaching

Technology-enhanced learning (TEL) methodologies are becoming an important part of University teaching but faculty members have tended to shy away from using them. So, how can they be enticed to use them effectively? What approaches can be used? The purpose of the Xanadu project was to analyse the problems involved and to propose a model for training, based on experimentation at the University of Turin. Besides providing a model, this article will deal with the follow-up, particularly regarding the faculty members' initial approach to using information and communication technology (ICT), as well as examine the motives and conditions influencing their choices. In this sense, the project has enabled us to come to a better understanding of the typical misconceptions leading teachers to favour methodological approaches based on the distributive use of ICT (which are considered less demanding to manage), rather than networked collaborative interaction, which actually involve students more. In this regard, Xanadu has shown how teachers' awareness may be developed towards adopting a wide range of TEL approaches through both gradual training (project-oriented with a basic and an advanced course) and with the help of a graduate assistant capable of following e-content development and online collaborative activities. The effectiveness of the method may be confirmed by the large number of faculty members continuing to use ICT to support their teaching despite having no specific university TEL projects.
MINDFULNESS AND EMOTION REGULATION IN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: COMMON AND DISTINCT MECHANISMS OF ACTION

Background The current study seeks to investigate the mechanisms through which mindfulness is related to mental health in a clinical sample of adults by examining a) whether specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies (rumination, reappraisal, worry, and non-acceptance) mediate associations between mindfulness and depression and anxiety, respectively, and b) whether these emotion regulation strategies operate uniquely or transdiagnostically in relation to depression and anxiety.
The Elastic Compliance of Imperfect Interfaces: Review and Relationship to Ultrasonic Scattering

When a tensile load is applied to an elastic solid with an imperfect interface containing cracks or voids, the farfield displacement that would occur in the absence of the interface will be increased by localized deformations [1]. This extra extension can be modeled as the response of two half-spaces connected by a distributed spring. The spring stiffness per unit area, K, is a function of the topography of the partially contacting surfaces.
Performance of self-healing seals for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)

A self healing glass-sealing concept is developed and used for making metal-glass-ceramic seals for potential application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) in order to enhance reliability and life of cell. In this study, a glass displaying self-healing behavior is used to fabricate seals and performance of these seals under long-term exposure at higher temperatures coupled with thermal cycling are characterized by leak tests. Self healing ability of these glass seals is also demonstrated by leak rate measurements. These results demonstrated excellent performance and self-healing ability of the seals for times exceeding 2500 hours and 275 thermal cycles between 25°C and 800°C.
The Absolute Flux Calibration of Strömgren UVBY Photometry

An improved absolute flux calibration for Stromgren uvby photometry tied to Taylor's system of critically selected spectrophotometric standards is derived.
Phosphorus-32 for intractable pain in carcinoma of prostate. Analysis of androgen priming, parathormone rebound, and combination therapy.

Abstract Thirty-three patients with intractable pain caused by diffuse osteoblastic metastases from carcinoma of the prostate were treated with phosphorus-32 (32P) therapy either androgen priming, parathormone rebound, or a combination of both priming methods. Significant response to pain was achieved in 12 of 19 patients receiving testosterone-potentiated therapy, 0 of 5 patients treated with parathormone alone, and 6 of 9 patients receiving a combination of both priming modalities. It is concluded that androgen priming alone is the simplest and most effective method to be used when 32P therapy is being considered for palliative control of pain in patients with carcinoma of the prostate.
Improving NLP through Marginalization of Hidden Syntactic Structure

Many NLP tasks make predictions that are inherently coupled to syntactic relations, but for many languages the resources required to provide such syntactic annotations are unavailable. For others it is unclear exactly how much of the syntactic annotations can be effectively leveraged with current models, and what structures in the syntactic trees are most relevant to the current task. We propose a novel method which avoids the need for any syntactically annotated data when predicting a related NLP task. Our method couples latent syntactic representations, constrained to form valid dependency graphs or constituency parses, with the prediction task via specialized factors in a Markov random field. At both training and test time we marginalize over this hidden structure, learning the optimal latent representations for the problem. Results show that this approach provides significant gains over a syntactically un-informed baseline, outperforming models that observe syntax on an English relation extraction task, and performing comparably to them in semantic role labeling.
An integrated environment model for a constructed wetland – Hydrodynamics and transport processes

Constructed wetlands (CW) have become a popular technology for treating urban and agricultural stormwater runoff. In South Florida, Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) have been built to reduce phosphorus (P) concentrations in runoff from agriculture and other sources, including Lake Okeechobee discharges, prior to delivery to the Everglades Protection Area. The scale of this constructed wetland project is unprecedented in terms of size, cost, and scientific challenges. Models/tools are needed to provide detailed spatial and temporal information to optimize the P removal efficiency and to predict the dynamic response of STAs under a variety of management conditions. The Lake Okeechobee Environment Model (LOEM) developed for Lake Okeechobee has been enhanced to simulate hydrodynamics and transport processes in the wetland environment. The flow resistance caused by Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) and Emergent Aquatic Vegetation (EAV) is included in the LOEM-CW. The LOEM-CW is calibrated and validated with 6 years of measured data (2008–2013) at different locations in STA-3/4 Cells 3A and 3B. Through graphic and statistical comparisons, it is shown that the model simulated stage, flow velocity, water temperature, and total suspended solid (TSS) in the study area reasonably well. The LOEM-CW is poised to serve as a powerful tool in wetland management and STA operation.
Effects of beta-xylosides on proteoglycan biosynthesis and morphology of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and primary cultures of rat cerebellum.

We have examined the effects of beta-xylosides, which act as exogenous acceptors for glycosaminoglycan chain initiation, on the morphology and proteoglycan biosynthesis of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, and on monolayer, aggregate and explant cultures of early postnatal rat cerebellum. PC12 cells cultured for 13 days in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) and beta-xyloside, and labeled during days 11–13 with sodium [35S]sulfate, showed an 8- to 11-fold increase in [35S]sulfate-labeled macromolecules released into the culture medium. Most of the increase was accounted for by chondroitin sulfate, which was in the form of free glycosaminoglycan chains, which were not acid-precipitable. The presence of beta-xyloside also led to a 65–115% increase in [35S]sulfate incorporation into cell-associated glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins of untreated and NGF-treated PC12 cells, respectively. beta-Xyloside treatment reduced the size of the chondroitin sulfate chains in both the cells and medium from approximately 34,000 to 10,000 Mr, but had much less effect on heparan sulfate, which decreased in size from 16,000 to 13,000-14,500 Mr (in the medium and cells, respectively). beta-Xyloside inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis was accompanied by significant morphological effects in NGF-treated PC12 cells, consisting of an increase in length and decrease in the branching, diameter and adhesion to the collagen substratum of the PC12 cell processes. p-Nitrophenyl- and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylosides produced similar effects, which were not seen with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside. beta-Xylosides also produced distinct alterations in the adhesion and morphology of monolayer, aggregate, and explant cultures of early postnatal rat cerebellum, which occurred together with inhibition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis and a decrease in glycosaminoglycan chain size. These studies indicate that chondroitin sulfate (and probably also heparan sulfate) proteoglycans play a significant role in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in nervous tissue development and differentiation.
Meaning Mediating Mechanism

Architectural Design and Construction Planning involves the integration of diverse, sometimes conflicting criteria into a coherent solution. This paper presents a theoretical framework of information flow in design, called ‘filter mediated design’, that explores a method for negotiating architectural design and construction planning across domains, by examining issues of perception, generation and evaluation. The theory proposes a semantically sparse shared design model, from which multiple domain specific semantic models are constructed. The paper then details a prototype, called the ‘meaning mediating mechanism’, in which this framework is implemented using computational agents for achieving coherence and innovation in collaborative design. The program dynamically constructs multiple domain specific semantic models from an ambiguous or semantically sparse geometric database. Based on these semantic interpretations, users and computational agents can collaborate simultaneously in a distributed virtual environment to negotiate and generate coherent designs. This research is intended to explore the processes and strategies of constructing intelligent designs, and design intelligence.
Momentum transfer dependence of medium effects in the (e,e') longitudinal response.

Recent $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$(e,e') data at momentum transfer \ensuremath{\Vert}q\ensuremath{\Vert}=1.14 GeV display behavior which is qualitatively different from that of lower momentum transfers. An explanation of this difference is offered based on an analysis of the longitudinal response in nuclear matter. An ansatz is made for the momentum dependence of the nucleon self-energy functions in the nuclear medium which suppresses medium effects for momenta above the nucleon mass scale. This suppression is shown to improve the agreement with the high momentum transfer data, and offers a motivation for further experimental investigation in the momentum transfer region between 0.5 and 1.0 GeV.
Career and Technical Education (CTE) Student Success in Community Colleges: A Conceptual Model.

Career and technical education (CTE) students pursuing occupational associate’s degrees or certificates differ from students seeking academic majors at 2-year institutions in several ways. This art...
Lost in a sea of subjectivity: the subject position of the researcher in the anthropology of Islam

This paper examines some of the illustrative features of doing participant observation research with Muslims both in the field and back “home.” It is based on my experiences of conducting research in East Java, Indonesia in the classicalist Islamic boarding schools. My religious subjectivity was important to my research in a number of ways including: (1) the ways in which the community tried to define my subjectivity; (2) the nature of my personal religious subjectivity; and (3) academic interpretations of my role and my subject position vis-a-vis Islam and the profession of anthropology.
Pediatric melanoma in New Mexico American Indians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites, 1981-2009.

Abstract Background Pediatric melanoma rates are increasing nationally. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of melanoma in New Mexico's (NM's) American Indian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white children. Methods A retrospective review (1981 to 2009) of the NM Tumor Registry was conducted. Melanomas diagnosed in children 19 years of age were identified. Average annual age-adjusted incidence rates per million were calculated. Results Sixty-four cases were identified. Rates per million were 7.4 for non-Hispanic whites, 2.1 for Hispanics, and 3.3 for American Indians. Fifty-nine percent were women. Fifty-five (86%) cases were localized, 6 (9%) were regional, and 1 (3%) case was metastatic. Majority of cases (49/64; 77%) occurred in children >14 years of age. American Indians presented with thicker melanomas as compared to whites and Hispanics. Conclusions Incidence rates for pediatric melanoma in NM are highest for non-Hispanic whites. Distant metastasis is uncommon. Melanoma in children is rare, but practitioners must be aware of its occurrence for prompt diagnosis and treatment.