cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Total inorganic arsenic detection in real water samples using anodic stripping voltammetry and a gold-coated diamond thin-film electrode

An accurate method for total inorganic arsenic determination in real water samples was developed using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and a Au-coated boron-doped diamond thin-film electrode. Keys to the method are the use of a conducting diamond platform and solid phase extraction for sample preparation. In the method, the As(III) present in the sample is first detected by DPASV. The As(V) present is then reduced to As(III) by reaction with Na2SO3 and this is followed by a second detection of As(III) by DPASV. Interfering metal ions (e.g., Cu(II)) that cause decreased electrode response sensitivity for arsenic in real samples are removed by solid phase extraction as part of the sample preparation. For example, Cu(II) caused a 30% decrease in the As stripping peak current at a solution concentration ratio of 3:1 (Cu(II)/As(III)). This loss was mitigated by passage of the solution through a Chelex 100 cation exchange resin. After passage, only a 5% As stripping current response loss was seen. The effect of organic matter on the Au-coated diamond electrode response for As(III) was also evaluated. Humic acid at a 5 ppm concentration caused only a 9% decrease in the As stripping peak charge for Au-coated diamond. By comparison, a 50% response decrease was observed for Au foil. Clearly, the chemical properties of the diamond surface in the vicinity of the metal deposits inhibit molecular adsorption on at least some of the Au surface. The method provided reproducible and accurate results for total inorganic arsenic in two contaminated water samples provided by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The total inorganic As concentration in the two samples, quantified by the standard addition method, was 23.2 ± 2.9 ppb for UV plant influent water and 16.4 ± 0.9 ppb for Well 119 water (n = 4). These values differed from the specified concentrations by less than 4%. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Detection of chimerism and early engraftment after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell or bone marrow transplantation by short tandem repeats

Chimerism can be monitored after HLA-matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) by detecting polymorphisms in short tandem repeats (STR). The purpose of our study was to document early complete chimerism in BMT and PBSCT recipients using STR, and to determine whether the initial WBC recovery correlated with the days required to attain complete chimerism. A total of 5 patients (2 PBSCT and 3 BMT) were followed by STR after transplantation. Peripheral blood obtained prior to transplantation was used to determine the 2 most informative STR probes for each donor/recipient pair. STR were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 8 commercial probes, and PCR products were visualized with silver staining. Peripheral blood was evaluated daily post-transplantation for WBC counts and to identify the presence of mixed or full chimerism by STR. The sensitivity of the STR technique varied from 0.05 to 1%, depending on the probe. Full chimerism was documented between day 9 and 14 in PBSCT recipients and on day 14 and 16 in BMT recipients. The initial rise in WBC occurred within 3 days of the onset of full chimerism, indicating that full chimerism is a more sensitive indicator of early engraftment. Periodic recipient monitoring using STR after complete chimerism identifies those patients who revert to mixed chimeras. The STR method may be useful in future studies to determine the significance of early engraftment and the clinical implications of sustained complete chimerism or mixed chimerism.
Unilateral vibrissa contact: changes in amplitude but not timing of rhythmic whisking.

Electromyographic recordings from the mystacial pad of rats were used to assess the effect of unilateral vibrissa contact on the bilateral movement of the vibrissae. A first group of animals was trained to whisk freely in air and served to establish the baseline variability in bilateral symmetry. We observed that the electromyogram (EMG) activity across the two mystacial pads was rhythmic and synchronous to within 2 ms on a whisk-by-whisk basis; this valueis small in comparison with the � 50 ms required for protraction during the whisk cycle. A second group of animals was trained to use their vibrissae to contact a sensor that was located on one side of the head. The average EMG activity across thetwo pads was synchronous at thetimeof vibrissa contact, albe it with highe r variability than for thecaseof fre ewhisking. In contrast, theave rageamplitudeof theactivity on thecontact vs noncontact sideof thefacewas transie ntly gre ate r, by 25% or � 10 � , at the time of contact. These data show that the amplitude of the vibrissae on the two sides of the face can be controlled independently, while the timing of vibrissa movement is largely synchronous.
Role of zinc in ALS

The causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are poorly understood. A small proportion, about 2%, is associated with a mutation in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, and mice expressing this mutant gene exhibit a progressive, ALS-like neurodegenerative disease. Studies of these animals, as well as of human post mortem tissue, reveal the presence of multiple pathological processes, including oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial degeneration, alterations in neurofilaments and neurotubules, mitochondrial damage, aggregation of proteins, abnormalities in growth factors, and apoptosis. We propose that alterations in the disposition of zinc ions may be important in the initiation and development of ALS. SOD1 binds zinc, and many of the mutant forms of this enzyme associated with ALS show altered zinc binding. Alterations in the expression of metallothioneins (MTs), which regulate cellular levels of zinc, have been reported in mutant SOD1 mice, and deletion of MTs in these animals accelerates disease progression. Zinc plays a key role in all the pathological processes associated with ALS. Our zinc hypothesis also may help explain evidence for environmental factors in some cases of ALS, such as in the Chamorro tribe in Guam and in the Gulf War.
Software Aspects of the Digital RF Processor (DRP TM )

This paper presents an overview of software aspects of the first-ever single-chip GSM radio realized in 90 nm CMOS. It demonstrates benefits of using highly programmable digital control logic in a wireless SoC system. It also describes a micro-processor design in the digital RF processor (DRP) and how it controls compensation for process, voltage, temperature (PVT) variations of the analog and RF circuits to meet the required RF performance.
Cognitive deficit in preschoolers born late-preterm.

Abstract Background Late-preterm (LPT) birth accounts for a majority of preterm deliveries and until recently was considered low risk for poor cognitive outcome. Previously, we reported deficits in complicated LPT (cLPT) preschoolers (neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]-admitted). Aim To extend our prior study by comparing cognitive outcome in cLPT and uncomplicated LPT (uLPT; NICU non-admitted) preschoolers. Study design Single center retrospective cohort study of 118 LPT children born in 2004–2006 at 35–36 weeks of gestation; 90 cLPT and 28 uLPT, compared with 100 term-born (≥ 37 weeks of gestation and ≥ 2500 g) participants. Outcome measure A well-standardized measure of general conceptual ability (GCA), the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition. Results cLPT participants had average mean performances but significantly poorer GCA, Nonverbal Reasoning, and Spatial scores than term-born children, and higher rates of Nonverbal Reasoning and Spatial impairment; uLPT did not differ from TERM. Combined LPT males were at eightfold greater risk than term-born males for nonverbal deficit, and at sevenfold greater risk for GCA impairment than LPT females. Conclusions Finding greater risk of cognitive deficit in those NICU-admitted due to clinical instability or birth weight
Electromagnetically coupled dipole antennas ina nonreciprocal microstrip structure

A dipole antenna fed by electromagnetic coupling to an open-ended transmission line in a nonreciprocal two-layer microstrip geometry is investigated. The method of moments is used in conjunction with a quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) analysis to compute the antenna characteristics. It is shown how an external magnetic biasing field can be used to improve the matching capabilities of and obtain desired radiation behavior from this antenna. The effects of various design parameters on the VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) of the nonreciprocal antenna geometry are demonstrated. >
The Disappearing Turnout Gap between Native Americans and Non-Native Americans

Past research has consistently found that American Indians have traditionally turned out to vote at lower rates than do other citizens. Using two separate data sets, we examine this "turnout gap" over the past several decades. We find that not only has Native American turnout increased generally, but that the "gap" between Native Americans and non-Native Americans has declined substantially, and that in recent elections this "gap" has largely disappeared. We then provide a preliminary and tentative examination of possible causes for the decline, including the role of Indian gaming, mobilization by political parties and candidates, and shifting political values among Native Americans.
Algebraic Codes in the Frequency Domain

Communication theory and signal processing are closely related subjects that have been developed largely by engineers. Analysis and synthesis problems in these fields depend heavily on reasoning in the frequency domain. Thus, in the study of real- or complex-valued signals, the Fourier transform plays a basic role. When the time variable is discrete, the discrete Fourier transform plays a parallel role. Accordingly, Fourier transforms and discrete Fourier transforms are among the major tools of engineers.
Mobility of Hired Agricultural Labor: 1957–1960

Patterns of interindustry flows of hired agricultural labor in the period 1957–1960 are analyzed through the use of longitudinal data developed from Social Security records. An attempt is made to account for the observed fact that despite sizable out-migration of human resources from the agricultural sector there has been little, if any, increase in relative returns to labor in agriculture. Generally, this has been explained in terms of the presence of a dynamic disequilibrium in the agricultural labor market. However, an alternative explanation is offered, viz., that the market for agricultural labor has been in dynamic equilibrium, with the equilibrium earnings differential between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors reflecting the combination of costs of movement (both objective and subjective) and artificial barriers to labor mobility between these sectors.
Inverse Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Bioorthogonal Reactions

Bioorthogonal reactions have been widely used over the last 10 years for imaging, detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and biomaterials. Tetrazine reactions are a recently developed class of inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions used in bioorthogonal applications. Given their rapid tunable reaction rate and highly fluorogenic properties, tetrazine bioorthogonal reactions have come to be considered highly attractive tools for elucidating biological functions and messages in vitro and in vivo. In this chapter, we present recent advances expanding the scope of precursor reactivity and we introduce new biomedical methodology based on bioorthogonal tetrazine chemistry. We specifically highlight novel applications for different kinds of biomolecules, including nucleic acid, protein, antibodies, lipids, glycans, and bioactive small molecules, in the areas of imaging, detection, and diagnostics. We also briefly present other recently developed inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder bioorthogonal reactions. Lastly, we consider future directions and potential roles that inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions may play in the fields of bioorthogonal and biomedical chemistry.
The Grassmannian and Its Schubert Varieties

In this chapter, we introduce Grassmannian varieties and their Schubert subvarieties; we have also included a brief introduction to flag varieties. We present the Standard Monomial Theory (abbreviated SMT) for Grassmannian and Schubert varieties. As a prime application of SMT, we present a proof of the vanishing of the higher cohomology groups of ample line bundles on the Grassmannian (and their restrictions to Schubert varieties).
Abstract 4300: Constitutive activation of Stat3 increases hair follicle progenitor population at the expense of bulge region keratinocyte stem cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Mouse skin epidermis is maintained throughout life by a highly proliferative compartment located in the outer root sheath called the hair follicle bulge. Stem cells located in the mouse hair follicle bulge region have self-renewing, slow cycling and quiescent characteristics and maintain hair and epidermal growth. In the present study, we examined the impact of Stat3 activation on the number and proliferative capacity of bulge region keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs). K5. Stat3C transgenic mice express a constitutively active/dimerized form of Stat3 called Stat3C via the bovine keratin 5 (K5) promoter. The K5 promoter targets expression of Stat3C in the basal layer of the epidermis as well as in the bulge region KSCs. We analyzed the number of KSCs using the bulge specific stem cell markers CD34 and α6 integrin. The number of CD34+ve/α6 +ve cells was significantly reduced in Stat3C mice as compared to the non-transgenic littermates. Sca-1 positive cells reside in the infundibulum region of the hair follicle. We analyzed the Sca-1 expressing population in the total hair follicle cells and found that the number of Sca-1 expressing cells was increased in the Stat3C mice. Activation of Stat3, in bulge region KSCs appeared to cause epidermal stem cells to exit the stem cell compartment. To understand how Stat3 exerts these effects we studied the expression of Stat3 target genes like Myc and cyclin D1. Both Myc and cyclin D1 were found to be upregulated in total hair follicle cells in the transgenic mice. In addition, the levels of both α6 and β1 integrin were reduced in total hair follicle cells of the Stat3C mice supporting the hypothesis that activation of Stat3 causes stem cell to exit from the bulge region. Overall, these studies suggest that Stat3 is critical for the behavior, growth properties and quiescent characteristics of bulge region KSCs. Supported by NIH Grant CA76520. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4300.
CO2 Char Gasification Rates of Sawdust, Switchgrass, and Corn Stover in a Pressurized Entrained-Flow Reactor

An entrained-flow flat-flame burner reactor was used to measure apparent CO2 gasification rates of near-spherical biomass chars of poplar sawdust, switchgrass, and corn stover using particle residence times <270 ms at total pressures of 10 and 15 atm. The gas temperature and bulk CO2 partial pressure ranges in these gasification experiments were 1258–1891 K and 6.1–13.5 atm, respectively. A new method was developed to produce near-spherical particles from nonspherical biomass chars. The apparent CO2 gasification rates for the three biomass chars with mean diameters near 100 μm were fit to a global first-order model, and the optimal kinetic parameters are reported. The measured gasification rate of poplar sawdust was about 3.9 times faster than that of switchgrass char, but only about 20% faster than that of the corn stover char.
Effect of Fuel Molecular Structure and Premixing on Soot Emissions from n-Heptane and 1-Heptene Flames

Most liquid fuels contain compounds with one or more unsaturated C═C bonds. Previous studies have observed that the fuel reactivity and ignition behavior are strongly influenced by the presence and number of double bonds in the fuel molecular structure. Here, we report a numerical investigation on the effect of fuel unsaturation on PAHs and soot emissions in partially premixed flames (PPFs) burning n-heptane and 1-heptene fuels. A detailed soot and fuel oxidation model is validated against gaseous species measurements in n-heptane PPF and soot measurements in ethylene diffusion flames. Simulations are performed to examine the effects of double bonds on PAHs and soot emissions at different strain rates and levels of premixing. For both fuels, the global flame structure is characterized by a rich premixed reaction zone (RPZ) on the fuel side and a nonpremixed reaction zone (NPZ) on the oxidizer side. PAHs and soot are mainly formed in the region between the RPZ and stagnation plane. The presence of double b...
Local Government Fiscal Condition Before and After the Great Recession

This chapter examines the factors that shaped the fiscal condition of local governments during the “Great Recession,” with emphasis on special districts. The recent recession focused new attention on local government fiscal health and its determinants. This chapter provides the most exhaustive empirical test to date of those determinants and their relative power. It first identified more than 50 variables proposed in other frameworks of the determinants of fiscal health, then employed an “Extreme Bounds Analysis” to test the robustness of each of those variables. The results suggest ten key variables drive local fiscal condition, and the magnitude of those effects vary across different types of local governments. These findings have implications for state oversight of local governments. They also have methodological implications for future work on local government fiscal condition.
Experiences of Discrimination in an Emerging Latina/o Community

In this article I explore how members of an emerging community of Latina/o immigrants in Pittsburgh, a small but rapidly growing population, understand and respond to discrimination. Both documented and undocumented Latina/o immigrants reported experiencing discrimination and facing challenges in addressing these experiences. However, personal context has an impact on specific grievance processes. I specifically explore three main topics: (1) the difficulty expressed by many Latina/o immigrants in using the name–blame–claim continuum for discriminatory acts; (2) how discriminatory incidents tend to reinforce the intrinsic inequality at the root of discrimination; and (3) how acts of discrimination and the responses to them actively shape the Latina/o identity within their own community and by their American-born counterparts.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) results from the aberrant or sustained secretion of the antidiuretic hormone. Classic manifestations include water retention, hyponatremia, and hypoosmolality of the serum. Treatment is aimed at differentiating SIADH from other causes of hyponatremia, determining the underlying disorder, and alleviating the excessive water retention and hyponatremia.
Electrical and electronic materials for high speed missiles and aircraft

The Air Force program on high speed, long range aircraft and missiles is seriously hampered by the unavailability of special-purpose materials. In no area of application is the shortage felt more keenly than in the area of electrical and electronic materials.
Efficient and Flexible Preparation of Biosynthetic Microperoxidases

Heme peptides and their derivatives, also called microperoxidases (MPs), are employed as heme protein active site models, catalysts, and charge-transfer chromophores. In this work, two approaches to the biosynthesis of novel MPs are described. In one method, heme peptides are expressed as C-terminal tags to the protein azurin and the MP is liberated by proteolytic cleavage by an endopeptidase. In an alternative approach, heme peptides are expressed as N-terminal tags to the cysteine protease domain (CPD) of the Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin. Once activated by inositol hexakisphosphate, CPD undergoes autocleavage at an N-terminal leucine residue to liberate the MP. Purification is aided by use of a histidine-immobilized Sepharose column that binds exposed heme [Asher, W. A., and Bren, K. L. (2010) Protein Sci. 19, 1830–1839]. These methods provide efficient and adaptable routes to the preparation of a wide range of biosynthetic heme peptides.
Gynecomastia Demonstrated on the Bone Scan

AbstractBone scans with 99mtechnetium diphosphonate were performed on 2 patients with gynecomastia induced by diethylstilbestrol therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Neither patient had evidence of bone metastases but both scans revealed increased isotope concentration over the anterior rib cage at the lateral margin of the chest wall, corresponding in location to the hypertrophic breasts. This observation may be related to similar radionuclide uptake in normal and abnormal female breasts. One should not mistake the finding of gynecomastia for metastases of the ribs.
Influenza vaccines effectiveness 2013-14 through 2015-16, a test-negative study in children.

Abstract Background Trivalent inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines (IIV3 and LAIV3) have been reformulated with an extra B strain (IIV4 and LAIV4). They were licensed based on immunogenicity and their effectiveness (VE) still must be empirically tested. Methods Children 1–17 years tested for influenza during 2013–16 were included and their immunization status verified. They were considered vaccinated if received ≥1 dose of an influenza vaccine ≥10 days before evaluated for a respiratory episode. Age-groups were classified as 1–4 years or 5–17 years. VE was estimated by comparing vaccination status of influenza-positive versus influenza-negative cases. Results 6779 children were enrolled in the three seasons. Overall, 27.2% received an influenza vaccine (87.1% IIV3 or IIV4 and 12.9% LAIV4), and 15.6% tested positive for influenza (77.9% A). IIV3 was predominantly used in 2013–14 and IIV4 in 2014–15 and 2015–16. IIV3 and IIV4 had comparable VE over the three seasons (60%, 57% and 53%) and performed similarly against influenza A and B and both age-groups. LAIV4 performed poorly for influenza A (15%, 37% and 48%) but better for influenza B (100%, 56% and 100%), especially among children 5–17 years of age with VE = 100% (95%CI: 55, 100). Conclusions Influenza vaccination showed modest but consistent effectiveness over the years. The switch from IIV3 to IIV4 did not affect VE. LAIV4 did not perform as well as IIVs, yet it improved over the years and was particularly good protecting older children against influenza B. These results emphasize the regional nature of influenza and the need for local surveillance.
Targeted Measurements of O- and N-Glycopeptides Show That Proteins in High Density Lipoprotein Particles Are Enriched with Specific Glycosylation Compared to Plasma

High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are believed to be protective due to their inverse correlation with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. However, recent studies show that in some conditions such as heart disease and diabetes, HDL particles can become dysfunctional. Great attention has been directed toward HDL particle composition because the relative abundances of HDL constituents determine HDL's functional properties. A key factor to consider when studying the structure and composition of plasma particles is the protein glycosylation. Here, we profile the O- and N-linked glycosylation of HDL associated-proteins including the truncated form of Apo CIII and their glycan heterogeneity in a site-specific manner. Apolipoprotein CIII, fetuin A, and alpha 1 antitrypsin are glycoproteins associated with lipoproteins and are implicated in many cardiovascular and other disease conditions. A targeted method (UHPLC-QQQ) was used to measure the glycoprotein concentrations and site-specific glycovariations of the proteins in human plasma and compared with HDL particles isolated from the same plasma samples. The proteins found in the plasma are differentially glycosylated compared to those isolated in HDL. The results of this study suggest that glycosylation may play a role in protein partitioning in the blood, with possible functional implications.
Partial-wave analysis of γ p → K + Λ using a multichannel framework

Results from a partial-wave analysis of the reaction $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ are presented. The reaction is dominated by the ${S}_{11}(1650)$ and ${P}_{13}(1720)$ resonances at low energies and by ${P}_{13}(1900)$ at higher energies. There are small contributions from all amplitudes up to and including ${G}_{17}$, with ${F}_{17}$ necessary for obtaining a good fit of several of the spin observables. We find evidence for ${P}_{11}$(1880), ${D}_{13}$(2120), and ${D}_{15}$(2080) resonances, as well as a possible ${F}_{17}$ resonance near 2300 MeV, which is expected from quark-model predictions. Some predictions for $\ensuremath{\gamma}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{0}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ are also included.
Does Employee Compensation Still Impact Payout Policy

Employee compensation may impact payout policy by (i) incentivizing managers with non-dividend-protected options to favor repurchases over dividends and (ii) diluting earnings, which firms can neutralize through share repurchases. Both the dividend-protection and dilution channels imply a positive relation between stock options and repurchases. Yet, recent studies and trends suggest repurchases do not decline when option usage falls around mandatory option expensing, casting doubt upon a causal relation between equity compensation and payout. We examine this relation in light of the shift from options to restricted stock. Our results strongly support a positive relation between compensation and share repurchases via the dilution channel; dividend protection has no first-order effect on payout. Difference-in-differences analyses using a shock to compensation around mandatory option expensing and an instrumental variable approach suggest that the relation between dilution and payout is likely causal. Further, as the dilution channel predicts, equity compensation positively relates to repurchase frequency and timing.
The association of reported cognitive symptoms and objective cognitive performance in patients with prolonged post-concussion symptoms

Objective: Within a sample of patients with prolonged post-concussion symptoms, the current study evaluated the etiology of patients’ reported cognitive symptoms. Background: Approximately 20% of individuals who sustain a concussion will go on to have prolonged post-concussion symptoms. In this population, there has been little research examining how patients’ perceived symptoms relate to objective markers, especially in regards to perceived cognitive symptoms (e.g., difficulty concentrating). It is important to understand what contributes to patients’ reported complaints in order inform prognosis as well as identify areas for intervention. We hypothesize that patients’ reported cognitive complaints are better accounted for by other concussion symptoms (e.g., somatic, affective, sleep) than by difficulties in their underlying cognitive abilities. Design/Methods: Fifty-nine patients between the ages of 12–24 were retrospectively included in the study based on the following: reported post-concussion symptoms, evaluated in clinic between 1 month and 3 years post-injury. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to test if objective cognitive performance, as measured by a verbal learning/memory task (RAVLT Total) and an attention/working memory task (WAIS-IV Digit Span Total), significantly predicted reported cognitive symptoms above and beyond somatic, sleep, and affective symptoms. Results: Results of the regression analyses indicated somatic, sleep, and affective symptoms significantly explained 56.2% of the variance in reported cognitive symptoms. Objective cognitive performance did not significantly predict reported cognitive symptoms above and beyond the three other symptom factors (R2 Change = .03, F(2,35) = 1.319, p = .262). Additionally, objective cognitive performance was not a significant predictor of reported cognitive symptoms, explaining only 3.4% of the variance. Conclusions: Results suggest cognitive difficulties are unlikely related to underlying neurocognitive pathology, but instead are related to functional challenges in the face of other symptoms (e.g., headache). Treatment of patients with cognitive complaints should focus on their entire symptom set, likely leading to a reduction in cognitive complaints. Study Supported by: UCLA BIRC, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT, Easton Labs for Brain Injury, and Stan and Patty Silver Disclosure: Dr. Polster has nothing to disclose. Dr. Snyder has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martinez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blout has nothing to disclose. Dr. Giza has nothing to disclose. Dr. Babikian has nothing to disclose.
A Historical Perspective of Lateral Canthotomy and Its Adoption as an Emergency Medicine Procedure.

Abstract Background The treatment of orbital compartment syndrome has a rich history rooted in surgery and emergency medicine. It is a rare but acute and vision-threatening condition that most commonly occurs secondary to facial trauma or as a postoperative complication, and was first recognized in 1950. Surgical techniques and medical management were developed and refined soon afterwards to eventually become the modern-day treatment, lateral canthotomy, and inferior cantholysis. Objective This article details the history of orbital compartment syndrome and the evolution of its treatment to the present day. Discussion Given the time-sensitive nature and acuity of orbital compartment syndrome, lateral canthotomy was adopted by emergency physicians who could perform it more quickly at the bedside. Conclusions Lateral canthotomy is a procedure adopted by emergency physicians from the surgical literature. The history of its adoption is a representative example of how emergency medicine evolves as a field.
A review of reactive transport modeling in wellbore integrity problems

Abstract Long term assurance of the integrity of wellbores is a key objective in well designs. Over long periods of time, subsurface reactions are inevitable and could compromise the integrity of wells. Reactive transport has come to be known to play an important role in the understanding of subsurface processes and assessing wellbore integrity issues. A considerable body of work exists in the literature on this subject matter necessitating an up to date review. In this paper we discuss the numerical formulations, assumptions, solution methods and limitations that provide a framework for these studies. Expected chemical reactions such as corrosion, cement bonding and transport phenomena (advection, diffusion, dispersion) in wellbore integrity issues are elucidated. Important studies which show the direction of research in wellbore integrity reactive transport modeling (RTM) are discussed. Future research directions and current gaps in the field that have been identified are the need for multiscale modeling, rigorous modeling of heterogeneities and incorporation of multiple physics. It is our hope that this review would provide the interested engineer with the current state of the science for reactive transport in wellbore integrity and provide a solid foundation for interested researchers to further expand the current knowledge in this field.
Improving Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures

Microstrip patch antennas attract attention with advantages like small size and low cost. In addition, they are usually light in weight and easy to install because of which they are highly used in radar, missile, satellite and aircraft applications. On the other hand, microstrip patch antennas have also operational disadvantages such as low efficiency, a decrease in the radiation pattern, low bandwidth and gain. In this paper, Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure is used to enhance antenna bandwidth and reduce return losses. We compared traditional microstrip patch antenna (without EBG) with the proposed antenna in terms of bandwidth and return losses and got promising results. Also, we investigated the vias radius of EBG to analyze its effect on the antenna’s performance.
PI-RADS Version 2 Is an Excellent Screening Tool for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer as Designated by the Validated International Society of Urological Pathology Criteria: A Retrospective Analysis.

Abstract Objectives To assess the utility of multiparametric MRI in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) by comparing PI-RADSv2 scores with International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) pathologic grading criteria. Methods Data from 137 patients were retrospectively analyzed. PI-RADSv2 scores were compared with pathologic grade using ISUP criteria. Pathologic grades were divided into clinically significant (groups 3-5) and clinically insignificant lesions (groups 1-2). Chi-squared analysis was performed for to assess correlation. Results Sensitivity and specificity of PI-RADSv2 score 3-5 lesions for detecting csPCa was 100% and 18.5%, respectively. Negative predictive value (NPV) is 100% for these lesions. When considering only PI-RADSv2 score 4-5 lesions, sensitivity decreases to 90% and specificity increases to 67.5%, with a NPV of 98.5%. When only PI-RADSv2 score 5 lesions are considered, sensitivity decreases to 50% and specificity increases to 90%, with a NPV of 95%. Conclusions Multiparametric MRI has excellent sensitivity for detecting csPCa. Specificity is poor for PI-RADSv2 score 3 lesions but improves significantly for PI-RADSv2 score 4 and 5 lesions. Overall, mpMRI is an excellent screening tool for csPCa, as designated by the recently validated ISUP criteria. Advances in Knowledge Multiple limitations of the longstanding Gleason pathologic scoring system have led to the development of new ISUP pathologic criteria, which is more focused on the clinical significance of lesions. There are currently insufficient studies evaluating and validating the ISUP criteria with PIRADS v2 evaluation of the prostate.
Gravitational waves from supernova mass loss and natal kicks in close binaries

Some fraction of compact binaries that merge within a Hubble time may have formed from two massive stars in isolation. For this isolated-binary formation channel, binaries need to survive two supernova (SN) explosions in addition to surviving common-envelope evolution. For the SN explosions, both the mass loss and natal kicks change the orbital characteristics, producing either a bound or unbound binary. We show that gravitational waves (GWs) may be produced not only from the core-collapse SN process, but also from the SN mass loss and SN natal kick during the pre-SN to post-SN binary transition. We model the dynamical evolution of a binary at the time of the second SN explosion with an equation of motion that accounts for the finite timescales of the SN mass loss and the SN natal kick. From the dynamical evolution of the binary, we calculate the GW burst signals associated with the SN natal kicks. We find that such GW bursts may be of interest to future mid-band GW detectors like DECIGO. We also find that the energy radiated away from the GWs emitted due to the SN mass loss and natal kick may be a significant fraction, ${\gtrsim}10\%$, of the post-SN binary's orbital energy. For unbound post-SN binaries, the energy radiated away in GWs tends to be higher than that of bound binaries.
An efficient mixed-mode representation of sparse tensors

The Compressed Sparse Fiber (CSF) representation for sparse tensors is a generalization of the Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) format for sparse matrices. For a tensor with d modes, typical tensor methods such as CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition (CPD) require a sequence of d tensor computations, where efficient memory access with respect to different modes is required for each of them. The straightforward solution is to use d distinct representations of the tensor, with each one being efficient for one of the d computations. However, a d-fold space overhead is often unacceptable in practice, especially with memory-constrained GPUs. In this paper, we present a mixed-mode tensor representation that partitions the tensor's nonzero elements into disjoint sections, each of which is compressed to create fibers along a different mode. Experimental results demonstrate that better performance can be achieved while utilizing only a small fraction of the space required to keep d distinct CSF representations.
Selective CO2 Reduction Over Rose’s Metal in the Presence of an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into reduced carbon compounds is a compelling strategy to sustainably synthesize fuels and commodity chemicals using renewable energy sources. Although promisin...
Abstract TP113: Delayed (21 Days) Post Stroke Treatment With RPh201, A Botany-Derived Compound, Improves Neurological Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Embolic Stroke

Introduction: Despite the recent advances in the acute stroke care, treatment options for long-term disability are limited. RPh201 is a botany-derived bioactive compound that has been shown to exer...
Selection of side of ovulation by intraovarianism in Bos taurus heifers

Intraovarianism refers to mechanisms within an ovary that affect the local follicle and luteal dynamics and is well-represented in heifers by greater frequency of ovulation from the right ovary (RO) than the left ovary (LO). On average, the RO has more 6-mm follicles than the LO before one follicle is selected to deviate in diameter and become the future ovulatory follicle. Therefore, the ovulatory follicle is more frequently selected from the RO. More follicles in the RO likely develop before birth as indicated by greater weight of the RO with more 0.3- to 4.8-mm follicles in recently born calves. It has been proposed that differences in intraovarianism between sides are a consequence of differences between sides in the inherent intraovarian angioarchitecture. The frequency of the pair of ovulations at the beginning and end of 900 interovulatory intervals (IOI) was lowest for the left/left (LL) pair (16%) and higher and similar among the RR, LR, and RL pairs (28% each). The lower frequency of LO ovulation was entirely a function of the LL pair as indicated by the lower frequency of the LL than RR pairs without a difference among the RR, LR, and RL pairs. Ovulations from the opposite sides at the beginning and end of an IOI (LR and RL pairs) would not have contributed to a difference in ovulation frequency between LO and RO. In conclusion, the greater frequency of RO (56%) than LO (44%) ovulation was mathematically and functionally a direct consequence of the low frequency of the LL pair of ovulations.Summary sentenceThe greater frequency of ovulation from the right ovary is mathematically and functionally attributable to the left ovary.Graphical Abstract
The Influence of Normalization Technique on Between-Muscle Activation during a Back-Squat

Currently, no gold standard electromyography (EMG) normalizing technique exists when conducting between-muscle comparisons of muscle activity during isotonic resistance training exercises. The aim of this study was to assess if between-muscle activation during the back-squat differed among electromyography (EMG) normalization techniques when normalizing to: (1) 1 repetition maximum (1RM), (2) maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and (3) the first of a set of three repetitions (Rep1%) in trained female lifters. Thirteen participants completed a back-squat 1RM, MVIC of the rectus-femoris (RF) and gluteus-maximus (GM), and three repetitions of the back-squat at 80% 1RM. For the 1RM and MVIC normalization techniques, the average of the peak RMS signal of both muscles during the three submaximal reps were normalized to the peak 1RM and MVIC signals. The Rep1% averaged the peak RMS signals of both muscles during the 2nd and 3rd submaximal repetitions normalized to the peak signal during the 1st repetition. The RF-GM between-muscle EMG (ΔEMG) differed among normalization techniques (p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.48). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons indicated MVIC normalization elicited different ΔEMG with large effects compared to both 1RM (p = 0.037; d = 1.2) and Rep1% (p = 0.004; d = 1.9) techniques, but the 1RM and Rep1% did not produce different ΔEMG (p = 0.27; d = 0.8). Our findings suggest EMG normalization technique influences the magnitude and direction of between-muscle activation during common lifting exercises, and we recommend normalizing isotonic movements to dynamic normalization methods such as a 1RM or Rep1%.
Joint planning for battery swap and supercharging networks with priority service queues

Abstract Existing network planning models for electric vehicle (EV) services usually treat the battery swap and the on-board supercharging as two independent processes. This study makes an early attempt to design an EV charging network where battery swap and supercharging are jointly coordinated. The swap and supercharge processes are characterized by Erlang B and Erlang C priority queues, respectively. A strategic location-allocation model is formulated to optimize the station sites, battery stock level, and the number of superchargers at chosen sites. Three design criteria, namely, battery state-of-charge, maximum service time, and power grid constraint, are simultaneously taken into account. Meta-heuristics algorithms incorporating Tabu search are developed to tackle the proposed non-linear mixed integer optimization model. Computational results on randomly generated instances show that the priority battery service scheme outperforms the pure battery swap station in terms of spare battery investment cost and charging flexibility. The case study on a real-world traffic network comprised of 0.714 million households further shows the efficacy and advantage of the dual battery charging process for ensuring state-of-charge, service time commitment, and network-wide grid stability.
The Romani Archives and Documentation Center: A Migratory Archive?

The purpose of this review is to outline the history of the Romani Archives and Documentation Center (RADOC), its origin, mission, function, and what sets it apart from other archives in the world. Ian Hancock, emeritus professor at the University of Texas at Austin (UT) and author of The Pariah Syndrome (1987) and We Are the Romani People (2002), initiated the collection and was responsible for its organization and preservation for thelast 50 years. Due to Hancock’s recent retirement, RADOC will soon move from Texas to Turkey. It seems appropriate to reflect on this unique collection through Rodrigo Lazo’s concept of the migratory archive. RADOC differs from hegemonic national archives because it represents a heterogeneous group of peopledispersed throughout the world who speak different languages. Romani history has been largely written by outsiders, but the experience of Roma has also been recorded through other means, including literature and music. Regardless of the format, RADOC is committed to preserving the diversity of Romani voices. It is crucial that new generations of Romani and nonRomani scholars fight for the conservation of this archive and thepreservation of Romani history.
Effects of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy on Preterm Birth: A Birth Cohort Study in Shanghai

The objective of this study was to analyse representative dietary patterns during pregnancy in Shanghai and explore the effects of dietary patterns during pregnancy on preterm birth. Data were derived from the ‘Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort’ (ISPOHC) study. Multistage, stratified random sampling was used to select survey participants from 16 districts in Shanghai, which were divided into five sampling areas; 40–70 pregnant women were selected from each area. A total of 4361 pregnant women and their offspring were involved in the study. The male-to-female ratio of the babies was 1.04:1, and the incidence of single preterm birth was 4.2%. Three dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis: a ‘Vegetarian Pattern’, an ‘Animal Food Pattern’ (AFP), and a ‘Dairy and Egg Pattern’. These patterns explained 40.513% of the variance in dietary intake. Binary logistic regression, which was used to analyse the association between birth outcomes and scores measuring maternal dietary patterns, found only the AFP was a significant risk factor for preterm birth. Higher AFP scores were positively associated with preterm birth (Q2 vs. Q1 OR = 1.487, 95% CI: 1.002–2.207; Q3 vs. Q1 OR = 1.885, 95% CI: 1.291–2.754). After adjusting for other potential contributors, a higher AFP score was still a significant risk factor for preterm birth (Q2 vs. Q1 OR = 1.470, 95% CI: 0.990–2.183; Q3 vs. Q1 OR = 1.899, 95% CI: 1.299–2.776). The incidence of preterm birth was 4.2%. A higher score of AFP was significantly associated with a higher risk of preterm birth. The animal food intake of pregnant women should be reasonably consumed during pregnancy.
Assessment of Simulated Surveillance Testing and Quarantine in a SARS-CoV-2–Vaccinated Population of Students on a University Campus

Importance The importance of surveillance testing and quarantine on university campuses to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be reevaluated in the context of a complex and rapidly changing environment that includes vaccines, variants, and waning immunity. Also, recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines suggest that vaccinated students do not need to participate in surveillance testing. Objective To evaluate the use of surveillance testing and quarantine in a fully vaccinated student population for whom vaccine effectiveness may be affected by the type of vaccination, presence of variants, and loss of vaccine-induced or natural immunity over time. Design, Setting, and Participants In this simulation study, an agent-based Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered model was developed with some parameters estimated using data from the 2020 to 2021 academic year at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina) that described a simulated population of 5000 undergraduate students residing on campus in residential dormitories. This study assumed that 100% of residential undergraduates are vaccinated. Under varying levels of vaccine effectiveness (90%, 75%, and 50%), the reductions in the numbers of positive cases under various mitigation strategies that involved surveillance testing and quarantine were estimated. Main Outcomes and Measures The percentage of students infected with SARS-CoV-2 each day for the course of the semester (100 days) and the total number of isolated or quarantined students were estimated. Results A total of 5000 undergraduates were simulated in the study. In simulations with 90% vaccine effectiveness, weekly surveillance testing was associated with only marginally reduced viral transmission. At 50% to 75% effectiveness, surveillance testing was estimated to reduce the number of infections by as much as 93.6%. A 10-day quarantine protocol for exposures was associated with only modest reduction in infections until vaccine effectiveness dropped to 50%. Increased testing of reported contacts was estimated to be at least as effective as quarantine at limiting infections. Conclusions and Relevance In this simulated modeling study of infection dynamics on a college campus where 100% of the student body is vaccinated, weekly surveillance testing was associated with a substantial reduction of campus infections with even a modest loss of vaccine effectiveness. Model simulations also suggested that an increased testing cadence can be as effective as a 10-day quarantine period at limiting infections. Together, these findings provide a potential foundation for universities to design appropriate mitigation protocols for the 2021 to 2022 academic year.