cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obesity Cardiometabolic Comorbidity Prevalence in Children in a Rural Weight-Management Program

This descriptive study examines the prevalence of obesity-related cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors using CM laboratory metrics, in 3 to 19 year olds presenting to a rural American Academy of Pediatrics stage 3 multidisciplinary weight management clinic based on gender, age ranges, and obesity classes. From 2009 to 2016, 382 children (body mass index ≥85th percentile) enrolled. Multiple logistic regression determined the effects of age, gender, or obesity class on CM risk factors. Odds of elevated insulin were more significant in 15 to 19 year olds than in 3 to 5 year olds, or in 6 to 11 year olds. Obesity class III had higher odds than class II, class I, and overweight in having elevated insulin; twice likely than class II for having low high-density lipoprotein; and twice as likely than class I for high triglycerides. Adolescents and obesity class III categories have significant CM risk but the burden in younger and less severe obesity cohorts cannot be underestimated.
Effect of antimony segregation on the electronic properties of InAs/InAsSb superlattices

There has been great progress in recent years in advancing the state-of-the-art of Ga-free InAs/InAsSb superlattice (SL) materials for infrared detector applications, spurred by the observation of long minority carrier lifetimes in this material system. However, compositional and dimensional changes through antimony (Sb) segregation alter the detector properties from those originally designed. For this reason, in this work, the authors explore epitaxial conditions that can mitigate this segregation in order to produce high-quality SL materials for optimum detector performance. A nominal SL structure of 7.7 nm InAs/3.5 nm InAs0.7 Sb0.3 tailored for an approximately six-micron response at 5 K was used to optimize the epitaxial parameters. Since the growth of mixed AsSb alloys is complicated by the potential reaction of As with Sb surfaces, the authors vary the substrate temperature (Ts) in order to control the As surface reaction on a Sb surface. Experimental results indicate that the SL sample grown at the lowest investigated Ts produces the highest Sb-mole fraction x of ~0.3 in InAs1-x Sbx layers, which then decreases by 21 % as the Ts increases from 395 to 440 °C. This reduction causes an approximately 30 meV blueshift in the position of the excitonic photoluminescence (PL) peak. This finding differs from the results obtained from the Ga-containing InAs/GaSb SL equivalents, where the PL peak position remains constant at about 220 meV, regardless of Ts. The Ga-free SLs generally generate a broader PL linewidth than the corresponding Ga-containing SLs due to the higher spatial Sb distribution at the hetero-interfaces engendered by Sb segregation. In order for this newly proposed Ga-free SL materials to be viable for detector applications, the material problem associated with Sb segregation needs to be adequately controlled and further mitigated.
Musical hallucinations in the elderly

Musical hallucinations (MH) are probably more frequent in the elderly than those reported in the literature. We will illustrate the clinical findings of MH with 3 personal cases. The differential diagnosis and the diagnostic tools relevant in clinical practice will be presented as well as the pathogenesis of deafferentiation-induced MH. MH can be considered as a phenomenon of neuronal plasticity and also serve as a model to understand neuronal networks involved in mental representation of music and hallucinations in general.
Protocol for promoting recovery optimization of walking activity in stroke (PROWALKS): a randomized controlled trial

Stroke survivors are more physically inactive than even the most sedentary older adults, and low activity is associated with increased risk of recurrent stroke, medical complications, and mortality. We hypothesize that the combination of a fast walking intervention that improves walking capacity, with a step activity monitoring program that facilitates translation of gains from the clinic to the “real-world”, would generate greater improvements in real world walking activity than with either intervention alone. Using a single-blind randomized controlled experimental design, 225 chronic (> 6 months) stroke survivors complete 12 weeks of fast walking training, a step activity monitoring program or a fast walking training + step activity monitoring program. Main eligibility criteria include: chronic ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (> 6 months post), no evidence of cerebellar stroke, baseline walking speed between 0.3 m/s and 1.0 m/s, and baseline average steps / day < 8000. The primary (steps per day), secondary (self-selected and fastest walking speed, walking endurance, oxygen consumption) and exploratory (vascular events, blood lipids, glucose, blood pressure) outcomes are assessed prior to initiating treatment, after the last treatment and at a 6 and 12-month follow-up. Moderation of the changes in outcomes by baseline characteristics are evaluated to determine for whom the interventions are effective. Following completion of this study, we will not only understand the efficacy of the interventions and the individuals for which they are effective, we will have the necessary information to design a study investigating the secondary prevention benefits of improved physical activity post-stroke. This study is, therefore, an important step in the development of both rehabilitative and secondary prevention guidelines for persons with stroke. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02835313 . First Posted: July 18, 2016.
History and Physical Exam

Those sleep medicine clinicians who approach every case with the knowledge that they are likely to find multiple diagnoses are those whose patients have successful outcomes. One practical aid that practitioners might use in preparing for a comprehensive sleep medicine encounter is references to the five functional domains of this medical area of expertise. These domains are presented as sources for understanding complaints regarding sleep–wake disruption: 1. Circadian misalignment 2. Pharmacological factors 3. Medical factors 4. Psychiatric/psychosocial factors 5. Primary sleep medicine diagnoses The recognition of various disorders within each domain for any given patient will allow for appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
Primate language and cognition : common ground

Research of the past decade has served to underscore the close psychological relationship between humans, chimpanzees, and the other great apes. In his evolutionary theory, Darwin (1860, 1871) posited both psychological and biological continuities between animals and humans. Although the evidence for biological continuity has been strong for decades, the evidence necessary for affirmation of psychological continuity is recent.
INCOME TAX ALLOCATION: THE CONTINUING CONTROVERSY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The appropriate means of accounting for income taxes on financial statements has been among the most hotly debated and frequently recycled issues of the past 50 years. This retrospective account begins with the issuance of the first professional standards during the 1930s and 1940s, and illustrates how theoretical arguments, developed in professional and academic journals during the 1950s, were subsequently recycled and revised during later decades. The problems that led to reconsideration of the deferred tax issue by both the APB during the 1960s and the FASB during the 1980s and 1990s are discussed, as are the solutions offered by these standard setters.
Cochleotopic Organization of the Mustache Bat’s Inferior Colliculus

In recent years considerable attention has been given to the neural correlates of echolocation in bats (Busnel and Fish, 1980). Favorite subjects for these studies have been the mustache bat, a New World species studied by American investigators, and the horseshoe bat, an Old World bat used by European scientists. Both of these bats are of particular interest because of their extraordinarily good frequency discrimination, coupled with one of the most highly specialized auditory systems of any known animal. An appreciation of these animals is best gained by first considering some of their behavioral characteristics. Both the mustache and horseshoe bats belong to a nontaxonomic group called the long CF/FM bats, a name deriving from the types of echolocation signals that they emit. The most prominent feature of the calls is a long constant frequency (CF) component, a tone burst in effect, followed by a less conspicuous, brief frequency modulated (FM) portion (Schnitzler and Henson, 1980). A point of importance is that the pattern of pulse emission has a highly dynamic quality. Most species of long CF/FM bats that have been studied compensate for Doppler-shifts in the echo CF component (Schnitzler and Henson, 1980; Suga and O’Neill, 1980; Henson et al., 1980). Doppler-shifts occur whenever there is a difference in flight speed between the bat and its target.
The Psychology of Experts An Alternative View

These quotes illustrate two facts: First, the topic of experts and expertise is of interest to many writers, both in literature and in science. Second, these writers disagree about the value of advice from experts. The goal of this paper is to explore the issue of expertise from a psychological perspective and to use that perspective to provide insights into the differing views of experts.
Males and females evolve riskier traits in populations with eavesdropping parasitoids

Predation and/or parasitism often limits the evolution of conspicuous male traits and female preferences because conspicuous traits can attract predators or parasites and it is costly for females to associate with males that attract predators or parasites. As a result, males and females in high-risk populations are expected to evolve safer mating behaviors compared to individuals from low-risk populations. We tested this antagonistic selection hypothesis in the field cricket Gryllus lineaticeps. Males produce chirped songs, and both female crickets and the eavesdropping parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea prefer faster chirp rates. The flies attack the field crickets late in the breeding season and parasitized crickets die. We used a common garden rearing design to test for evolved differences in songs and preferences between high- and low-risk populations. In contrast to predictions of the antagonistic selection hypothesis, males from high-risk populations produced faster (riskier) chirp rates and females preferred faster chirps. We suggest that late-season parasitism selects for increased investment in reproductive traits to maximize reproduction before the advent of parasitoid activity (“late-season parasitism hypothesis”), which would at least explain riskier female preferences and potentially riskier male songs in the high-risk populations. Predation and parasitism may thus have diverse and unexpected effects on the evolution of reproductive behavior, depending upon the temporal pattern of predator- or parasite-induced mortality. Mating signals are typically conspicuous and not only attract partners but also predators and parasites. Even the silent mating partner may experience predation or parasitism by associating with the signaler. Under these circumstances, it is commonly assumed that natural and sexual selection act in opposite directions, effectively limiting the evolution of conspicuous signals and preferences. We demonstrate that an eavesdropping parasitic fly caused the evolution of preferences, and potentially songs, in a field cricket in the opposite, more conspicuous, direction than predicted by antagonistic selection. We argue that the temporal pattern of parasitism in relation to the reproductive season likely causes this unexpected evolutionary pattern. We propose the late-season parasitism hypothesis as an alternative to the antagonistic selection hypothesis, which might better explain more conspicuous mating trait values in other species that experience seasonal predation or parasitism.
Food practices, dietary patterns, and leisure among Mexican Americans in the Midwestern U.S.

Changes in diet that have occurred in the last several decades in many developed countries have contributed to high obesity rates and an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among immigrant po...
Mitigating Power Supply Glitch based Fault Attacks with Fast All-Digital Clock Modulation Circuit

This paper experimentally demonstrates that an on-chip integrated fast all-digital clock modulation (F-ADCM) circuit can be used as a countermeasure against supply glitch and temperature variations-based fault injection attacks (FIA). The F-ADCM circuit modulates clock edges in presence of DC/transient supply glitches and temperature variations to ensure correct operation of the underlying cryptographic circuit. With a testchip manufactured in 130nm CMOS process, we first demonstrate an inexpensive methodology to conduct a fault attack on hardware implementation of a 128-bit advanced encryption standard (AES) engine using externally controlled supply glitches. Next, we show that with F-ADCM circuit, it is no longer possible to inject supply/temperature glitch-based faults even after 10 million encryptions across varying operating conditions. Moreover, in extreme operating conditions, the F-ADCM circuit doesn’t generate any clock edges, leading to complete failure of the AES encryption, indicating no exploitable faults are present.
Incisional Injury Modulates Morphine Reward and Morphine-Primed Reinstatement: A Role of Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation.

Background Persistent use of prescription opioids beyond the period of surgical recovery is a large part of a public health problem linked to the current opioid crisis in the United States. However, few studies have been conducted to examine whether morphine reward is influenced by acute pain and injury. Methods In a mouse model of incisional injury and minor trauma, animals underwent conditioning, extinction, and drug-primed reinstatement with morphine to examine the rewarding properties of morphine in the presence of acute incisional injury and drug-induced relapse, respectively. In addition, we sought to determine whether these behaviors were influenced by kappa opioid receptor signaling and measured expression of prodynorphin messenger RNA in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex after conditioning and before reinstatement with morphine and incisional injury. Results In the presence of incisional injury, we observed enhancement of morphine reward with morphine-conditioned place preference but attenuated morphine-primed reinstatement to reward. This adaptation was not present in animals conditioned 12 days after incisional injury when nociceptive sensitization had resolved; however, they showed enhancement of morphine-primed reinstatement. Prodynorphin expression was greatly enhanced in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex of mice with incisional injury and morphine conditioning and remained elevated up to drug-primed reinstatement. These changes were not observed in mice conditioned 12 days after incisional injury. Further, kappa opioid receptor blockade with norbinaltorphimine before reinstatement reversed the attenuation induced by injury. Conclusions These findings suggest enhancement of morphine reward as a result of incisional injury but paradoxically a protective adaptation with incisional injury from drug-induced relapse resulting from kappa opioid receptor activation in the reward circuitry. Remote injury conferred no such protection and appeared to enhance reinstatement.
Pilot study of a telehealth perioperative physical activity intervention for older adults with cancer and their caregivers

Older adults undergoing cancer surgery are at greater risk for poor postoperative outcomes. Caregivers also endure significant burden. Participation in perioperative physical activity may improve physical functioning and enhance overall well-being for both patients and caregivers. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of a personalized telehealth intervention to enhance physical activity for older (≥ 65 years) gastrointestinal (GI) and lung cancer surgery patients/caregivers. Participants completed four telehealth sessions with physical therapy/occupational therapy (PT/OT) before surgery and up to 2 weeks post-discharge. Outcomes included preop geriatric assessment, functional measures, and validated measures for symptoms and psychological distress. Pre/post-intervention trends/trajectories for outcomes were explored. Thirty-four patient/caregiver dyads (16, GI; 18, lung) were included. Accrual rate was 76% over 8 months; retention rate was 88% over 2 months. Median for postop of a 6-min walk test, timed up and go, and short physical performance battery test scores improved from baseline to postop. Participant satisfaction scores were high. Our conceptually based, personalized, multimodal, telehealth perioperative physical activity intervention for older patient/caregiver dyads is feasible and acceptable. It offers an opportunity to improve postoperative outcomes by promoting functional recovery through telehealth, behavior change, and self-monitoring approaches. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03267524
Electrolyte Solutions and Electrochemistry

This chapter deals with thermodynamics of electrolyte solutions with applications to low temperature geochemical problems, such as survival of marine carbonate organisms, calculation of activity and Eh-pH diagrams of mineral stabilities with illustrative applications, chemical model of sea water and formation of evaporite deposit. The chapter also includes derivation of the Nernst equation and its applications to electrochemical cells and oxygen fugacity measurement in gas mixing furnace.
Interfacial Phenomena of Purified Petroporphyrins and Their Impact on Asphaltene Interfacial Film Formation

Vanadyl petroporphyrins purified from a North American petroleum vacuum residue are used in experiments probing the interfacial phenomena of the petroporphyrins as well as asphaltene-petroporphyrin...
Does Timing Matter? Surgical Outcomes in High-Grade Sarcomas after Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy.

Abstract Background The impact of time to surgical resection after neoadjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in the high-grade soft tissue and retroperitoneal sarcomas has not been well established. We aimed to evaluate how surgical timing from EBRT affects oncologic and perioperative outcomes. Methods We performed a single institution retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven, high-grade sarcoma who completed neoadjuvant EBRT and resection from January 1, 1999 to September 1, 2018. We collected demographic and clinicopathologic variables, stratifying patients by time interval between EBRT and surgery: 10 wk. Primary outcomes collected were as follows: disease-free survival, overall survival, and perioperative complications. Results Of the 269 patients identified, 146 met inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 24 mo. Overall and local recurrence were 37% (n = 54) and 14.4% (n = 21), respectively. Time to surgery did not affect recurrence (P = 0.82) or survival (P = 0.88). Positive margins (odds ratio 2.7, confidence interval 1.14, 6.51, P 6-wk cohort (15% versus 38%, P Conclusions We found no difference in oncologic outcomes associated with the timing of surgical resection after EBRT. Patients undergoing resection >6 wk were at higher risk for all complications without impacting wound complication rates. Future studies may include preoperative optimization of patients requiring delays in surgical planning to decrease perioperative complication rates.
Digital pathology as a platform for primary diagnosis and augmentation via deep learning

Abstract Digital technology has the potential of reshaping both clinical medicine and medical research. In pathology, the increasingly widespread adoption of whole slide imaging (WSI) technology has fueled this transition. The benefits are obvious in such matters as education, peer review, archival retrieval, intra- and extrainstitutional consultation, and ultimately primary diagnosis in most aspects of diagnostic anatomic pathology. Of equal importance is the use of WSI to assist in both the integration of advanced state-of-the-art imaging methodologies and the use of deep learning strategies to inform both diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making. For all of these, important issues relating to standardization, validation, and implementation must be addressed to maximize gains in information, management, image sharing, and image analysis/interpretation.
Publication Outcomes of Abstracts Presented at American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting.

As the most highly attended dermatology conference in the United States, the AAD Meeting plays an especially critical role in the dissemination of dermatologic research. We sought to address the pa...
Production planning for collaborating resources in cyber-physical production systems

Abstract The increasing demand of flexibility in cyber-physical production systems results from a growing number of product variants and customer specific products. Resources, like robots and humans, offer different skills modelled on the production planning level. Skill based task allocation requires normally that a task is executed by one resource providing all necessary skills for this task. This paper describes an approach in production planning how teams of several resources proposing diverse skills can be combined in order to accomplish a task in collaboration. The composition of the team aims at combining resources with complementary and supportive skills.
Is the photon really a particle

Abstract Photons deliver their energy and momentum to a point on a material target. It is commonplace to attribute this to particle impact. But since the in-flight photon also has a wave nature, we are stuck with the paradox of wave-particle duality. It is argued here that the photon’s wave nature is indisputable, but its particle nature is open to question. Photons deliver energy. The problem with invoking impact as a means of delivery is that energy becomes a payload which in turn requires a particle. This assumes that energy is always a payload and there is but one mode of energy delivery; surely two unsupported assumptions. It should be possible to explain photon termination without invoking particle impact. One approach offered here is to question the assumption that the photon is a unitary object. Perhaps the photon has two linked-but-distinct identities: one supporting wave behavior and the other supporting discrete behavior. It is the latter that might imitate particle impact.
Use of Handheld Ultrasound to Estimate Right Atrial Pressure in a Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic.

Rationale: Point-of-care ultrasonography is an invaluable asset for inpatient decision-making. Whether handheld ultrasound can be utilized in the outpatient management of pulmonary hypertension (PH...
Large-Scale Visual Data–Driven Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Utility Poles Regarding the Vulnerability of Power Distribution Infrastructure Systems

AbstractInspecting and assessing existing utility poles has become increasingly important for reducing the vulnerability of power distribution infrastructure systems in disaster situations, which c...
Endowed Chairs: Future Funding Priorities

Previous research by the authors looked at the current status of endowed marketing chairs and the benefits and responsibilities of the chairholders. This paper examines collegiate business schools’ future funding priorities for endowed marketing chairs. Thirty-five percent of the respondents sought to develop new marketing chairs with an average planned endowment of $1.1 million. Schools pursuing the development of endowed marketing chairs tend to have existing chairs, AACSB accreditation, advanced degree offerings, and large business and marketing faculties. The study also explored the Deans’ views on institutional and personal priorities in regards to endowed marketing chairs.
Review of Hilde Lindemann, Holding and Letting Go: The Social Practice of Personal Identities1

Approaching ethical issues through abstract theorizing, developing principles and rules to apply to individual decisions in generalized contexts, still often dominates moral philosophy. Such an app...
Multipoles and Surmacs I: Physics

The basic idea in surface magnetic field (surmac) devices1 is to create a magnetic fence surrounding a large volume of reacting plasma (Fig. 1). The field is created by an inner set of conductors, immersed in the plasma, which carry current in the same direction. The return current is carried in an outer set of conductors which lie outside the plasma and need not be inside the vacuum wall. Since the lines of force have alternately good and bad curvature, hydromagnetic instabilities are strongly stabilized by average-minimum-B. The large enclosed volume of field-free plasma cannot emit synchrotron radiation; hence, the major advantage of such devices is purported to be the possibility of burning neutron-free fuels, which require plasma temperatures above 100 keV.
Modulation of DNA Damage and DNA Repair in Chromatin

DNA is packaged in the highly compact and dynamic structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. It is generally accepted that DNA processing events in the nucleus, such as transcription, replication, recombination, and repair, are restricted by this packaging. For some processes (e.g., transcription), the chromatin fiber is “preset” in a more open structure to allow access of proteins to specific regions of DNA within this structural hierarchy. These regions contain modified nucleosomes that accommodate a less compact state of chromatin and allow access to specific regions of DNA. DNA repair proteins, however, must access DNA lesions in all structural domains of chromatin after sudden insult to the genome. Damaged DNA must be recognized, removed, and replaced by repair enzymes at all levels of chromatin packaging. Therefore, the modulation of DNA damage and its repair in chromatin is crucial to our understanding of the fate of potential mutagenic and carcinogenic lesions in DNA. In this review, we discuss the modulation of DNA damage and DNA repair by chromatin structure, and the modulation of chromatin structure by these events.
The Psychotherapeutic Dimensions of Clinical Case Management with a Combat Veteran

This article addresses the overlapping dimensions of clinical case management and psychotherapy. The theoretical framework that is used as the basis of analysis is drawn from the work of D. W. and Clare Winnicott. Kanter has more than adequately demonstrated that these two authors were extremely knowledgeable about clinical case management and psychotherapy. The conclusion of the paper agrees with D. W. Winnicott (1961) who defined clinical case management as a variety of psychotherapy. The shared psychotherapeutic dimensions of clinical case management are identified as a focus on human development, the importance of the facilitating/holding environment and issues related to transference and countertransference.
First Language Acquisition: Doing things with language

As children become more skilled at using language, they use it in more ways for greater effect. They make use of a growing array of linguistic options to mark social roles for both speaker and addressee. They learn what features identify speech as appropriate for a child compared to an adult, a girl compared to a boy, a teacher compared to a student, a doctor compared to a patient. They learn how to mark membership in different communities in society, from family to classroom, band, computer lab, tennis team, and adventure camp. As children grow up, they become members of other communities and learn how to mark their membership linguistically in each. They also learn how to do things with language: They learn how to be polite and how to be persuasive. They learn how to negotiate to resolve conflicts. They learn to distinguish actual events from play. They learn how to talk inside the classroom as well as outside. And they learn how to tell stories, becoming increasingly adept at presenting protagonists and their motives, and at tracking those events that move the action along. To manage this, children must extend their repertoires of speech acts. Speech acts have often been represented as a matter for the speaker alone (e.g., Searle 1975), but in conversation, speaker and addressee often collaborate in the production of a single act, so traditional descriptions mislead in leaving out addressees (see H. Clark 1996).
Efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy on alcohol use disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: To determine the efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) on alcohol use in patients with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and an alcohol use disorder (AUD). DESIGN: Randomized, single-blind, controlled trial comparing MET to a control education condition with 6-month follow-up. SETTING: Patients were recruited from hepatitis clinics at the Minneapolis, Minnesota and Portland, Oregon Veterans Affairs Health Care Systems, USA. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: Patients with HCV, an AUD and continued alcohol use (n = 139) were randomized to receive either MET (n = 70) or a control education condition (n = 69) over 3 months. MEASUREMENTS: Data were self-reported percentage of days abstinent from alcohol and number of standard alcohol drinks per week 6 months after randomization. FINDINGS: At baseline, subjects in MET had 34.98% days abstinent, which increased to 73.15% at 6 months compared to 34.63 and 59.49% for the control condition. Multi-level models examined changes in alcohol consumption between MET and control groups. Results showed a significant increase in percentage of days abstinent overall (F(1120.4) = 28.04, P < 0.001) and a significant group × time effect (F(1119.9) = 5.23, P = 0.024) with the MET group showing a greater increase in percentage of days abstinent at 6 months compared with the education control condition. There were no significant differences between groups for drinks per week. The effect size of the MET intervention was moderate (0.45) for percentage of days abstinent. CONCLUSION: Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) appears to increase the percentage of days abstinent in patients with chronic hepatitis C, alcohol use disorders and ongoing alcohol use. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Comparative gene mapping in the species Muntiacus muntjac.

An extreme case of chromosomal evolution is presented by the two muntjac species Muntiacus muntjac (Indian muntjac, 2n = 6 [females], 7 [males]) and M. reevesi (Chinese muntjac, 2n = 46). Despite disparate karyotypes, these phenotypically similar species produce viable hybrid offspring, indicating a high degree of DNA-level conservation and genetic relatedness. As a first step toward development of a comparative gene map, several Indian muntjac homologs of known human type I anchor loci were mapped. Using flow-sorted, chromosome-specific Southern hybridization techniques, homologs of the protein kinase C β polypeptide (PRKCB1) and the DNA repair genes ERCC2 and XRCC1 have been assigned to Indian muntjac chromosome 2. The male-specific ZFY gene was presumptively mapped to Indian muntjac chromosome Y2. Ultimate generation of a comparative physical map of both Indian and Chinese muntjac chromosomes will prove invaluable in the study of mammalian karyotype evolution.
Indirect path detection of passive localization based on wireless propagation measurements

An important prerequisite for precision localization is to discern "direct paths" (DP), i.e., paths that suffer a single reflection process on their way from the transmitter to the receiver, from indirect paths (IPs). This paper studies how to distinguish between DPs and IPs purely based on measurements of radio propagation parameters, namely the time of arrival (TOA), direction of departure (DOD), and direction of arrival (DOA). Any combination of two of those parameters allows the computation of a reflection point. We establish rules to decide how large the deviations between these points might be to consider a path an IP. Several different decision rules are discussed and compared. The paper derives closed-form equations for these decision criteria and the resulting performance. Simulation results show that under common localization scenarios employing ultrawideband signals, the proposed algorithms can effectively detect IPs and significantly improve localization accuracy.
Yield strength asymmetry predictions from polycrystal elastoplasticity

Since the 1960s, it has been known that elastoplastic polycrystal models predict asymmetries in the yield strength for polycrystals that have been prestrained. After prestraining in tension, a model polycrystal exhibits Bauschinger-like behavior in that it yields in compression at a lower stress magnitude than in tension. Furthermore, the knee of the reloading stress-strain curve is more gradual for compression than for tension. The origins of these behaviors reside in the assumption that links the macroscopic deformation to the deformations in individual crystals. More precisely, the reloading response is biased by the residual stress field which is induced with plastic straining by the anisotropy of the single crystal yield surface. While the earlier work pointed to the polycrystalline origins of the asymmetry, it did not resolve the degree to which the particular linking assumption affects the amount of asymmetry. However, due to the strong influence of the linking assumption on the crystal stresses, the sensitivity of the asymmetry to the linking assumption is expected to be appreciable. In this paper we examine the influence of the linking assumption on the magnitude of the computed yield strength asymmetry of prestrained polycrystals. Elastoplastic polycrystal simulations based on upper bound (Taylor) and lower bound (equilibrium-based) linking assumptions are compared to finite element computations in which elements constitute individual crystals. The finite element model maintains compatibility while satisfying equilibrium in a weak sense and treats the influence of neighboring crystals explicitly. The strength of the predicted Bauschinger effect does depend on the linking assumption, with ‘compatibility first’ models developing stronger yield strength asymmetries.
Thermoregulation in pythons. IV Thermoregulation in the Papuan‐New Guinean pythons within the genera Python, Liasis and Chondropython

The thermal preference, voluntary maxima, and thermal control were studied in the Papuan-New Guinean pythons Python spilotus, P. boeleni, Liasis albertisii, L. papuanus, L. boa, and Chondropython viridis. Preferred temperature data were similar for all species and mean preferred head temperatures were lower than those for the body. In general preferred and voluntary means were higher for the Papuan-New Guinean pythons than those found for Australian species and likely reflect adaptation to hotter tropical environments.
Use of Popular Television to Enhance Students' Understanding of Operant Conditioning

Students typically struggle to understand operant conditioning concepts. However, no well-designed experimental research exists examining the efficacy of popular media in teaching these concepts. The present randomised, double-blind experiment examined the impact of using exemplars of operant conditioning concepts (positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment) from popular television on learning operant conditioning concepts in a group of 171 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology classes. The experimental group indicated more enjoyment of the educational session but scored only marginally higher on a learning assessment of basic operant conditioning concepts.
Experimental and thermodynamic evaluation of the melting behavior of irradiated oxide fuels

Abstract Onset of melting is an important performance limit for irradiated UO 2 and UO 2 -based nuclear reactor fuels. Melting (solidus) temperatures are reasonably well known for starting fuel materials such as UO 2 and (U,Pu)O 2 , however the influence of burnup on oxide fuel melting behavior continues to represent an area of considerable uncertainty. In this paper we report the results of a variety of melting temperature measurements on pseudo-binary fuel-fissia mixtures such as UO 2 -PuO 2 , UO 2 -CeO 2 , UO 2 -BaO, UO 2 -SrO, UO 2 -BaZrO 3 , and UO 2 -SrZrO 3 . These measurements were performed using the thermal arrest technique on tungsten-encapsulated specimens. Several low melting eutectics, the existence of which had previously been inferred from post-irradiation examinations of high burnup mixed oxide fuels, were characterized in the course of the investigation. Also, an assessment of melting temperature changes in irradiated oxide fuels due to the production and incorporation of soluble oxidic fission products was performed by application of solution theory to the available pseudo-binary phase diagram data. The results of this assessment suggest that depression of oxide fuel solidus temperatures by dissolved fission products is substantially less than that indicated by earlier experimental studies.
In vitro effect of phencyclidine and other psychomotor stimulants in serotonin uptake in human platelets

Abstract Phencylidine, ketamine and fluoxetine inhibited serotonin (5-HT) uptake in a non-competitive manner in human blood platelets whereas d- and 1-amphetamine produced a competitive inhibition of 5-HT uptake. Phencyclidine (IC 50 , 2.5 μM) was one-hundredth as potent as fluoxetine (IC 50 , 22 νM) but ten times more potent than ketamine (IC 50 , 25 μM) and d-amphetamine (IC 50 , 24 μM) and three times more potent than 1-amphetamine (IC 50 , 80 μM) in inhibition of 5-HT uptake by human blood platelets. The possibility that inhibition of 5-HT may contribute to some of the proposed serotonergic effects of psychomotor stimulants is discussed.
Ammonium acid urate stones in Navajo Indian children

Three Navajo children presented with a total of five upper tract acid urate stones. Although this stone is thought to be rare in the United States, it may be more common than is generally believed. Age, diet, environment, and in some instances urinary tract infection may be predisposing factors in the development of acid urate stones. Possible prophylactic measures are briefly discussed.
Magnetic Dipole Transitions and Isospin in Be 8

$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transitions to the pair of ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={2}^{+}$ states at 16.64 and 16.90 MeV in ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ have been observed in the reaction ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{Be}}^{{8}^{*}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\alpha}$. The transitions to both states are resonant at the 17.64- and 18.15-MeV states, which have ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={1}^{+}$. The following resonant cross sections and branching ratios have been obtained: $\ensuremath{\sigma}(17.6\ensuremath{\rightarrow}16.6)=11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ \ensuremath{\mu}b; $R(\frac{17.6\ensuremath{\rightarrow}16.90}{17.6\ensuremath{\rightarrow}16.6})=(7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)%$; $\ensuremath{\sigma}(18.2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}16.6)=1.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.32$ \ensuremath{\mu}b; $R(\frac{18.2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}16.90}{18.2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}16.6})=(50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10)%$. From these transitions and the reported strengths for the transitions from the ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={1}^{+}$ states to the ground and first excited states, the amount of isospin mixing in the four highly excited states has been determined using intermediate-coupling shell-model wave functions. The squared $T=1$ components amount to 40% and 60% in the 16.6- and 16.9-MeV states, and 95% and 5% in the 17.6- and 18.2-MeV states, respectively. Using these mixing coefficients and the assumption of pure $T=0$ character for the ground and first excited states, a shell-model calculation accounts approximately for the strengths of most of the observed or reported magnetic dipole transitions from the 17.64- and 18.15-MeV states. Inclusion of a possible ${J}^{+}={1}^{+}$, $T=1$ level at 19.4 MeV improves the agreement. A large nonresonant transition to the 16.6-MeV state with $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\simeq}2$ \ensuremath{\mu}b can be ascribed to direct radiative proton capture which yields a reduced proton width of ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{p}}^{2}=0.7$ for the final state. This transition, and the fact that the equivalent transition to the 16.9-MeV state is not observed, substantiate the predominance of a (${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}+p$) configuration for the 16.6-MeV state and agree with an assumed (${\mathrm{Be}}^{7}+n$) configuration for the 16.9-MeV level.
Structured noise in computed tomography: effects of periodic error sources.

The artifact in computed tomography(CT)images due to cyclic projection errors, such as errors due to periodic fluctuations in x‐ray intensity, is derived and verified by computer simulation. Depending upon the relative phase of the error between projections, the artifact is shown to be described by a Bessel function (or functions) of the radial argument which is sinusoidally modulated as a function of angle. Because of the nature of Bessel functions, the artifact is essentially zero up to some minimum radius. When the effects of sampling are neglected, a single fundamental artifact is shown to occur. In fourth‐generation scanners, the fundamental artifact (neglecting sampling) will occur at a detector fan angle of about about 39° (depending on the ratio of the axis‐to‐detector, source‐to‐axis distances). The radius of appearance of this fundamental artifact is independent of the frequency of the periodic error signal and will only be visible in fourth‐generation CTscanners with detector fan angles greater than about 39°. The effects of sampling are derived and illustrated by simulation for first‐, third‐, and fourth‐generation CT‐scanner geometries. It is shown that the effect of sampling is to cause an infinite number of such artifacts to be superimposed in the final image. The radius of appearance of all but the fundamental artifact are shown to be dependent on the frequency of the periodic signal. It is shown that by judicious choice of the sampling parameters relative to the frequency of the periodic error, the artifact can be effectively eliminated.
Progression-free survival remains poor over sequential lines of systemic therapy in patients with BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer.

Abstract Background BRAF mutations occur in 5% to 10% of metastatic colorectal cancers and are biomarkers associated with a poor prognosis. However, the outcomes with standard chemotherapy over sequential lines of therapy in a large cohort of patients with BRAF -mutant tumors have not been described. Patients and Methods We searched the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center databases for patients with colorectal cancer and identified BRAF mutations between December 2003 and May 2012. Patients were analyzed for clinical characteristics, PFS, overall survival, and chemotherapeutic agents used. Survival was estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Among the 1567 patients tested for BRAF mutations at our institution, 127 (8.1%) had tumors with BRAF mutations. The 71 patients who presented with metastatic disease received a median of 2 lines of chemotherapy. For the first 3 lines of chemotherapy, median PFS was 6.3 months (n = 69 patients; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-7.7 months), 2.5 months (n = 58 patients; 95% CI, 1.8-3.0 months), and 2.6 months (n = 31 patients; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2 months), respectively. Median PFS was not affected by the backbone chemotherapeutic agent in the first-line setting, whether oxaliplatin-based or irinotecan-based (6.4 months vs. 5.4 months, respectively; P = .99). Conclusion PFS is expectedly poor for patients with BRAF -mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. Despite the ascertainment bias present (with testing preferentially performed in patients suitable for clinical trials in refractory disease), these data provide historic controls suitable for future study design and support the idea that novel therapeutic options are essential in this population.
Histological techniques for study of photoreceptor orientation.

Abstract An histological method for the study of photoreceptor orientation in primate eyes is described. To preserve photoreceptor orientation it is necessary to protect the fragile rod and cone outer segments to the maximum extent possible from mechanical deformation and from injury by solvent extraction. To prevent mechanical deformation the eyes are freeze-dried and embedded in plastic with or without prior vapor fixation. Solvent extraction from the lipidrich outer segment is limited by avoidance or restriction of organic solvents. When large segments of primate eyes are so treated, it is possible to section the plastic blocks along the visual axis, polish the block surface, and view photoreceptor orientation by epi-illumination microscopy. In such specimens a differential orientation of photoreceptors exists with the long axis of photoreceptor inner and outer segments in line with incoming light rays.
Sensory characterization of sweet corn lines differing in physical and chemical composition

Chemical, physical and sensory characteristics were determined in a population of 103 F3 families derived from the cross between two sweet corn inbreds that differed in kernel properties associated with eating quality. Kernel characteristics correlated well with panel perception of sensory attributes. Chemical, physical and sensory properties were grouped into three factors: taste—including sweetness, starchiness, juiciness, and sucrose and starch concentrations; texture—crispness, tenderness, juiciness and cooked kernel tenderness; and aroma—sweet corn aroma, grassy aroma, grassy flavor and concentrations of an unknown volatile (V179). The relative importance in determining overall liking was taste 45.1, texture 30.5, and aroma 24.4%.
Genetic testing knowledge base (GTKB) towards individualized genetic test recommendation — An experimental study

The gap between a large growing number of genetic tests and a suboptimal clinical workflow of incorporating these tests into regular clinical practice poses barriers to effective reliance on advanced genetic technologies to improve quality of healthcare. A promising solution to encourage and assist physicians to incorporate genetic tests in their clinical practice is an intelligent genetic test recommendation system for 1) providing a comprehensive view of genetic tests as education resources; 2) recommending the most appropriate genetic tests to patients based on clinical evidence. In this paper, we introduce a genetic testing knowledge base, called GTKB, which was designed to support further individualized genetic test recommendation. More specifically, we extracted clinical characteristics identified from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) that have been used as phenotypic information for linked archived biological material to accelerate research in individualized medicine, and well-documented public genetic testing resources including Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) and published genetic testing guidelines (GTG) to construct a genetic test orientated knowledge base, ultimately supporting genetic test recommendation. An experimental study for “wilson disease mutation screen test” has been conducted to demonstrate the identification of salient clinical characteristics and the process of incorporating EHR derived phenotypes into the GTKB construction.