cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harming ourselves and defiling others: what determines a moral domain?

Recent work has distinguished “harm” from “purity” violations, but how does an act get classified as belonging to a domain in the first place? We demonstrate the impact of not only the kind of action (e.g., harmful versus impure) but also its target (e.g., oneself versus another). Across two experiments, common signatures of harm and purity tracked with other-directed and self-directed actions, respectively. First, participants judged self-directed acts as primarily impure and other-directed acts as primarily harmful. Second, conservatism predicted harsher judgments of self-directed but not other-directed acts. Third, while participants delivered harsher judgments of intentional versus accidental acts, this effect was smaller for self-directed than other-directed acts. Finally, participants judged self-directed acts more harshly when focusing on the actor’s character versus the action itself; other-directed acts elicited the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that moral domains are defined not only by the kind of action but also by the target of the action.
Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma: It's the Virus!

influence the incidence of HCC recurrence, antiviral treatment and preoperative serum HBV DNA were found to have a significant impact on postoperative recurrence and subsequent death. While these results, particularly those of the randomized trial, are exciting and significant, the study has limitations. Inexplicably, the randomization failed to balance important aspects of the two study arms. Patients who were assigned to no antiviral treatment had a significantly higher proportion of incomplete or no tumor encapsulation (73% v 53%), poor differentiation (81 v 62%) and increased serum alpha fetoprotein ( 20 ng/mL, 72% v 57%). On the other hand, patients who were assigned to receive antiviral therapy were enriched with uninodular tumors (88% v 72%), small ( 3 cm) lesions (14% v 6%), and low Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage tumors (0 or A, 88% v 73%), although these differences did not reach statistical significance. These characteristics place patients in the antiviral group at a lower risk of tumor recurrence with a potential for clinical benefits associated with antiviral therapy. A subsequent post hoc multivariable analysis may not necessarily correct the inherent differences between the two arms. As one considers the validity of the conclusion of the study and questions how antiviral therapy may reduce the incidence of HCC, it is
Multilingual spoken language processing

In the past decade, the performance of spoken language understanding systems has improved dramatically, including speech recognition, dialog systems, speech summarization, and text and speech translation. This has resulted in an increasingly widespread use of speech and language technologies in a wide variety of applications. With more than 6,900 languages in the world and the current trend of globalization, one of the most important challenges in spoken language technologies today is the need to support multiple input and output languages, especially if applications are intended for international markets, linguistically diverse user communities, and nonnative speakers. In many cases these applications have to support even multiple languages simultaneously to meet the needs of a multicultural society. Consequently, new algorithms and tools are required that support the simultaneous recognition of mixed-language input, the summarization of multilingual text and spoken documents, the generation of output in the appropriate language, or the accurate translation from one language to another. This article surveys significant ongoing research programs as well as trends, prognoses, and open research issues with a special emphasis on multilingual speech processing as described in detail in the work of Schultz and Hirschberg (2006) and multilingual language processing as presented in the work of Fung (2006).
Scalar field self-force effects on orbits about a Schwarzschild black hole

For a particle of mass μ and scalar charge q, we compute the effects of the scalar field self-force upon circular orbits, upon slightly eccentric orbits and upon the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a Schwarzschild black hole of mass m. For circular orbits the self-force is outward and causes the angular frequency at a given radius to decrease. For slightly eccentric orbits the self-force decreases the rate of the precession of the orbit. The effect of the self-force moves the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit inward by 0.122 701×q2/μ, and it increases the angular frequency of the ISCO by the fraction 0.029 165 7×q2/μm.
Plastic deformation in nanocrystalline TiN at ultra-low stress: An in situ nanoindentation study

Abstract It is well adopted that a majority of ceramic materials have low ductility and the plastic yielding in crystalline ceramics occurs succeeding elastic deformation. Here by using in situ nanoindentation we show, however, that in nanocrystalline TiN, massive non-elastic events, such as grain rotation and grain boundary (GB) sliding, occur at ultra-low stresses (
Intracavity laser tomography of C(2) in an oxyacetylene flame.

C2 may play an important role in soot formation in some flames and is a major species in acetylene combustion chemistry. In this Letter the technique of intracavity spectroscopy has been combined with a simple tomographic analysis to measure spatially resolved C2-concentration profiles in an oxyacetylene flame. We find that ground-state and excited-state C2 are located in the same region of the flame, suggesting that conditions required for their formation are the same. Our results indicate that the C2 concentration in the mantle region is close to its equilibrium value.
Friend or foe?: detecting an opponent's attitude in normal form games

We study the problem of achieving cooperation between two self-interested agents that play a sequence of different randomly generated normal form games. The agent learns how much the opponent is willing to cooperate and reciprocates. We present empirical results that show that both agents benefit from cooperation and that a small number of games is sufficient to learn the cooperation level of the opponent.
Cable News: Audience Autonomy and Political Polarization

Since the late 1990s, the United States has witnessed an increase in the number of Cable News sources reinforcing a fragmented media environment. Cable News programming gives news consumers more autonomy in developing what we call “news networks.” An individual’s “news network” is like their social network, it is an individual’s network of trusted sources for political news. Americans have the opportunity to choose heterogeneous Cable News programming where they are more likely to hear dissenting voices or homogeneous Cable News programming where they are less likely to hear dissenting voices. However, surveys show partisan sorting among Cable News programs, thus programs like The Sean Hannity Show draw more Republicans and Conservatives, whereas shows like Hardball with Chris Matthews have more Democrats and Liberals watching. The central piece in this examination of Cable News audiences is the effect of an individual’s Cable News choices on public opinion. Does watching more Cable News shows that share an individual’s partisan leanings lead to mass political polarization, or lead to further elite level political polarization? Using the 2010 and the 2012 Media Consumption Surveys from the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press we examine the Cable News choices Americans make and the effect those choices have on political behavior and public opinion. Ironically, even in an era of audience autonomy, political polarization in Cable News may serve to reinforce the power among elites.
Might haplo "be the (better) match"?

In this issue of Blood , in a registry study by [Kanate et al][1] of reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) outcomes for lymphoma, HLA-haploidentical (haplo) transplantation with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is associated with similar rates of
Phase II study of ifosfamide and mesna in patients with previously-treated carcinoma of the cervix. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

Thirty patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix recurrent after radiotherapy or surgery and refractory to first-line chemotherapeutic agents were treated with ifosfamide in a dose of 1.2 grams/m2 IV daily for five days every four weeks and Mesna 300 mg/m2 IV every four hours for three doses daily for five days. One patient had an inadequate trial and two were inevaluable for response, leaving 27 patients evaluable for response. All but two patients had received prior radiotherapy and all but one prior cisplatin-based or cisplatin analog chemotherapy. Seventeen patients had prior surgery. All patients were Gynecologic Oncology Group performance status 0, 1, or 2. Partial responses were observed in three patients (11.1%), two with pelvic and one with extrapelvic disease. A 90% confidence interval for the true response rate is 4.5%–24.8%. Severe (grade 3 or 4) leukopenia and anemia were seen in nine and seven patients, respectively. Severe thrombocytopenia was not observed. Three patients had grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity, and one had grade 3 renal impairment. Reversible alopecia was universal. This dose and schedule of ifosfamide and Mesna is active in patients with squamous carcinoma of the cervix failing platinum-based therapy. Phase II testing in untreated patients is currently underway.
A Study on the Parameter Reliability Design Method of the Transmitting-Explosive

Based on the high-safety and high-reliability demand of the space flight initiating devices, the parameter reliability design method of the transmitting-explosive is studied. According to the difference stages of the research, with the reliability of the boundary surface, three parameter-selected procedures, including the reliability design, the reliability test and the reliability assessment, are provided. For the design of the transmitting-explosive in the column- explosion-device example, showing that the parameter reliability design method of the transmitting-explosive is positive.
Transcriptional regulation of endothelial constitutive PGHS-1 expression by phorbol ester

Human endothelial cells contain two isoforms of prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS). PGHS-1 is constitutively expressed, whereas PGHS-2 is inducible. To determine whether expression of PGHS-1 is regulated, we treated cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or its inactive analogue and measured PGHS-1 mRNA levels by Northern analysis and competitive polymerase chain reaction. PMA increased PGHS-1 mRNA levels determined by both techniques in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA level was increased about twofold over the basal level after 4-6 h of PMA (10-50 nM) treatment. The level of PGHS-1 protein was similarly increased by PMA. Stimulation of PGHS-1 mRNA levels was abrogated by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, staurosporine, or calphostin C. The 5'-promoter activity of human PGHS-1 gene was increased twofold over the basal level by PMA in NS-20 cells. These results indicate that the constitutive PGHS-1 in HUVEC is transcriptionally stimulated by PMA in a protein kinase C-dependent manner.
Model-Predicted Ozone Transport Patterns in the Northeast United States

Photochemical smog often enshrouds metropolitan areas throughout the Northeastern United States during the summer. Ozone levels exceeding the level of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), 120 ppb, occur during such smog episodes. Ambient monitoring data indicate that high ozone levels persist despite efforts to reduce ozone precursor emissions from automobiles and industrial sources. Also, field studies have shown that ozone pollution often spreads over several States to impact areas across hundreds of miles. The Environmental Protection Agency has responded to the need to understand this complex problem of long-range ozone transport in part by sponsoring the development of the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM). The purpose of this video is to display ozone concentrations predicted by ROM in a manner which graphically depicts the formation and transport of ozone within the Northeast. As shown in the video, patterns of interurban and interstate transport of moderate to high ozone levels are clearly evident across this region.
In Search of Prosperity at All Costs: Luis’s Historia de Éxito

This chapter focuses on Luis and his social networks, specifically centering on Luis’ value for education. Ironically, Luis only attended five years of formal schooling himself. Interestingly, it is through his early interactions with American and Canadian tourists that he learned that a formal education is an important aspect of people’s lives. Luis defines a formal education as completing high school, but not necessarily college. He claims that a high school education is important and maybe some college courses from a community college. He feels that a four-year degree is not necessarily important for most people and believes that a four-year degree often causes more problems than benefits.
Radiologic computed tomography features of Mycobacterium abscessus in cystic fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION Mycobacterium abscessus infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients can lead to poor outcomes. Early diagnosis is important, but there are no studies outlining specific imaging features of M. abscessus in CF. OBJECTIVES To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of early M. abscessus infection in our CF population. METHODS Thirteen CF patients with sputum cultures positive for M. abscessus from 2006 to 2013 were identified at our institution. Clinical characteristics including culture dates and lung function were reviewed. Positive cultures were classified as "disease" versus "colonization" based on published criteria. Chest CT scans were reviewed at times closest to initial infection, and features including bronchiectasis, mucous plugging, consolidation, ground glass opacities, nodules, and cavitation were evaluated. Brody scores were calculated to evaluate extent of CF lung disease. RESULTS All patients had bronchiectasis and mucous plugging, with 10 of 13 (76.9%) in an upper lobe distribution. Consolidation was seen in 12 of 13 (92.3%) patients, 8 (61.5%) patients had nodules, and 5 (38.5%) with cavitation. The average Brody score was 59.5, which was no different than previously described CF cohorts without M. abscessus. There were no significant differences between subjects with disease versus colonization. CONCLUSION The most common CT features of early M. abscessus in our CF population include bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, and consolidation, but the findings did not reveal a unique radiologic signature. CT at this initial time point may not distinguish early M. abscessus infection from background lung disease or mycobacterial colonization in CF patients.
The Psychology Department Model Advisement Procedure: A Comprehensive, Systematic Approach to Career Development Advisement

The MAP (Model Advisement Procedure) is a comprehensive, systematic approach to developmental student advisement. The MAP was implemented to improve advisement consistency, improve student preparat...
Capillary spatial pattern and muscle fiber geometry in three hamster striated muscles

The maintenance of an adequate tissue oxygen tension is a principal function of the respiratory and circulatory systems. In 1919, Krogh presented a mathematical model that described the diffusion of oxygen from capillaries to the surrounding tissue (Krogh, 1919). This was the first model to relate oxygen diffusion and capillary spacing within muscles and the first to quantify the relationship between the rate of delivery of the oxygen to various sites in the tissue to the rate of consumption of oxygen at those sites. Determinants of tissue oxygen tension include the PO2 of blood, blood flow, red blood cell spacing, diameter of microvessels, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, as well as the spatial pattern of capillaries within the tissue. Krogh’s model assumes homogeneity in the composition of blood and muscle tissue, uniform consumption of oxygen at every point in the tissue, and a uniform and radial movement of oxygen outward from the center of a capillary into the surrounding tissue independent of oxygen diffusion from all other capillaries within the tissue. Since the model neglects the intrinsic heterogeneities of capillary spacing and shape of the muscle fibers, it fails to characterize completely the movement of oxygen from the hemoglobin in the red blood cells to the sites of oxygen utilization in muscle tissue.
The impact of the UGT1A1*60 allele on bilirubin serum concentrations

Aim: Identify the functional status of the uridine-diphosphate glucuronyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) -3279T>G (*60) variant. Materials & methods: Retrospective review of clinically obtained serum bilirubin concentrations in pediatric patients to evaluate the association of the UGT1A1 -3279T>G (*60) variant with bilirubin concentrations and assessed linkage disequilibrium of the UGT1A1 -3279T>G (*60) and A(TA)7TAA (*28) variants. Results: Total bilirubin concentration did not differ between patients who had a UGT1A1*1/*1 diplotype and patients homozygous for the UGT1A1 -3279T>G (*60/*60) variant. Total bilirubin concentration was lower in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1 -3279T>G (*60/*60) variant than in patients homozygous for the UGT1A1 A(TA)7TAA (*28/*28) variant (p G (*60) and A(TA)7TAA (*28) variants were in strong incomplete linkage disequilibrium in both black and white patients. Conclusion: The presence of the UGT1A1 -3279T>G (*60) variant is not associated with increased bilir...
A Theoretical Foundation for Empathy Conservation: Toward Avoiding the Tragedy of the Commons

A Theoretical Foundation for Empathy Conservation: Toward Avoiding the Tragedy of the Commons
Applications of Organometallic Polymers

The number of potential applications in which the use of metal-containing polymers can be considered is, to a first approximation, limited only by one’s imagination. Areas of application currently under investigation include a) catalysis, b) thermally stable materials applications, e) biological (antifungal, insecticides), d) biomedical (antibacterial, controlled release, antiviral, antitumoral), 3) additives (coatings, paper, plastics), f) electrical (conductors, semiconductors), g) photoactive materials (xeroxing type of applications), h) analytical applications, i) flame retardants, j) nonlinear optical devices, and k) preparation of ceramics. Following is a brief survey of some of the above areas including some specific illustrations.
mDia2 and CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine signaling intersect to drive tumor cell amoeboid morphological transitions

Morphological plasticity in response to environmental cues in migrating cancer cells requires F-actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. Conserved formin family proteins play critical roles in cell shape, tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis, in part, through assembly of non-branched actin filaments. Diaphanous-related formin-2 (mDia2/Diaph3/Drf3/Dia) regulates mesenchymal-to-amoeboid morphological conversions and non-apoptotic blebbing in tumor cells by interacting with its inhibitor diaphanous-interacting protein (DIP), and disrupting cortical F-actin assembly and bundling. F-actin disruption is initiated by a CXCL12-dependent mechanism. Downstream CXCL12 signaling partners inducing mDia2-dependent amoeboid conversions remain enigmatic. We found in MDA-MB-231 tumor cells CXCL12 induces DIP and mDia2 interaction in blebs, and engages its receptor CXCR4 to induce RhoA-dependent blebbing. mDia2 and CXCR4 associate in blebs upon CXCL12 stimulation. Both CXCR4 and RhoA are required for CXCL12-induced blebbing. Neither CXCR7 nor other Rho GTPases that activate mDia2 are required for CXCL12-induced blebbing. The Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) Net1 is required for CXCL12-driven RhoA activation and subsequent blebbing. These results reveal CXCL12 signaling, through CXCR4, directs a Net1/RhoA/mDia-dependent signaling hub to drive cytoskeleton rearrangements to regulate morphological plasticity in tumor cells. These signaling hubs may be conserved during normal and cancer cells responding to chemotactic cues.
Validity of anthropometric equations to estimate infant fat mass at birth and in early infancy.

In newborns and children, body fat estimation equations are often used at different ages than the age used to develop the equations. Limited validation studies exist for newborn body fat estimation equations at birth or later in infancy. The study purpose was to validate 4 newborn fat mass (FM) estimation equations in comparison to FM measured by air displacement plethysmography (ADP; the Pea Pod) at birth and 3 months. Ninety-five newborns (1–3 days) had their body composition measured by ADP and anthropometrics assessed by skinfolds. Sixty-three infants had repeat measures taken (3 months). FM measured by ADP was compared to FM from the skinfold estimation equations (Deierlein, Catalano, Lingwood, and Aris). Paired t-tests assessed mean differences, linear regression assessed accuracy, precision was assessed by R2 and standard error of the estimate (SEE), and bias was assessed by Bland-Altman plots. At birth, FM measured by ADP differed from FM estimated by Deierlein, Lingwood and Aris equations, but did not differ from the Catalano equation. At 3 months, FM measured by ADP was different from all equations. At both time points, poor precision and accuracy was detected. Bias was detected in most all equations. Poor agreement, precision, and accuracy were found between prediction equations and the criterion at birth and 3 months.
Parallel autonomy in automated vehicles: Safe motion generation with minimal intervention

Current state-of-the-art vehicle safety systems, such as assistive braking or automatic lane following, are still only able to help in relatively simple driving situations. We introduce a Parallel Autonomy shared-control framework that produces safe trajectories based on human inputs even in much more complex driving scenarios, such as those commonly encountered in an urban setting. We minimize the deviation from the human inputs while ensuring safety via a set of collision avoidance constraints. We develop a receding horizon planner formulated as a Non-linear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) including analytic descriptions of road boundaries, and the configurations and future uncertainties of other traffic participants, and directly supplying them to the optimizer without linearization. The NMPC operates over both steering and acceleration simultaneously. Furthermore, the proposed receding horizon planner also applies to fully autonomous vehicles. We validate the proposed approach through simulations in a wide variety of complex driving scenarios such as left-turns across traffic, passing on busy streets, and under dynamic constraints in sharp turns on a race track.
Phylogenomic analyses of more than 4000 nuclear loci resolve the origin of snakes among lizard families

Squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) are the most diverse group of terrestrial vertebrates, with more than 10 000 species. Despite considerable effort to resolve relationships among major squamates clades, some branches have remained difficult. Among the most vexing has been the placement of snakes among lizard families, with most studies yielding only weak support for the position of snakes. Furthermore, the placement of iguanian lizards has remained controversial. Here we used targeted sequence capture to obtain data from 4178 nuclear loci from ultraconserved elements from 32 squamate taxa (and five outgroups) including representatives of all major squamate groups. Using both concatenated and species-tree methods, we recover strong support for a sister relationship between iguanian and anguimorph lizards, with snakes strongly supported as the sister group of these two clades. These analyses strongly resolve the difficult placement of snakes within squamates and show overwhelming support for the contentious position of iguanians. More generally, we provide a strongly supported hypothesis of higher-level relationships in the most species-rich tetrapod clade using coalescent-based species-tree methods and approximately 100 times more loci than previous estimates.
Befriending the same differently: ethnic, socioeconomic status, and gender differences in same-ethnic friendship

This study examines same-ethnic friendship variation between students from different ethnic, socioeconomic, and gender groups. Hypotheses based on a theoretical framework of opportunities, preferen...
Tissue-selective effects of nucleolar stress and rDNA damage in developmental disorders

Many craniofacial disorders are caused by heterozygous mutations in general regulators of housekeeping cellular functions such as transcription or ribosome biogenesis. Although it is understood that many of these malformations are a consequence of defects in cranial neural crest cells, a cell type that gives rise to most of the facial structures during embryogenesis, the mechanism underlying cell-type selectivity of these defects remains largely unknown. By exploring molecular functions of DDX21, a DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in control of both RNA polymerase (Pol) I- and II-dependent transcriptional arms of ribosome biogenesis, we uncovered a previously unappreciated mechanism linking nucleolar dysfunction, ribosomal DNA (rDNA) damage, and craniofacial malformations. Here we demonstrate that genetic perturbations associated with Treacher Collins syndrome, a craniofacial disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in components of the Pol I transcriptional machinery or its cofactor TCOF1 (ref. 1), lead to relocalization of DDX21 from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm, its loss from the chromatin targets, as well as inhibition of rRNA processing and downregulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription. These effects are cell-type-selective, cell-autonomous, and involve activation of p53 tumour-suppressor protein. We further show that cranial neural crest cells are sensitized to p53-mediated apoptosis, but blocking DDX21 loss from the nucleolus and chromatin rescues both the susceptibility to apoptosis and the craniofacial phenotypes associated with Treacher Collins syndrome. This mechanism is not restricted to cranial neural crest cells, as blood formation is also hypersensitive to loss of DDX21 functions. Accordingly, ribosomal gene perturbations associated with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia disrupt DDX21 localization. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that impaired rRNA synthesis elicits a DNA damage response, and that rDNA damage results in tissue-selective and dosage-dependent effects on craniofacial development. Taken together, our findings illustrate how disruption in general regulators that compromise nucleolar homeostasis can result in tissue-selective malformations.
Parental Indulgence: Profiles and Relations to College Students’ Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Research on indulgent parenting and its relation to college students is both limited and inconsistent. Further, all the studies have used a variable-centered approach. To fill the gap in the current literature, the aims of this study were to explore profiles of parental indulgence and their associations with college students’ emotional and behavioral problems. The sample in this study consisted of college students from two universities. Participants were asked to take an online survey about their perceptions of their parents’ indulgent parenting practice and their own well-being. Results from latent profile analyses suggested distinct profiles of parental indulgence for mothers and fathers. Further, these profiles demonstrated differential associations with college students’ anxiety and depressive symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and alcohol use. Implications were also noted.
Public relations practice in Japan: an exploratory study

Abstract Ninety-four (62%) survey responses in the Japanese language from 151 corporate public relations professionals in Japan were analyzed to investigate how Japanese management styles have changed since the recent economic recession, and how present management styles have impacted public relations practice in Japan. Findings suggest today’s Japanese management styles are not a static system unaffected by the economic pressures, and that current public relations practices in Japan align more closely with mixed models of public relations practiced in Western societies.
The diagnostic accuracy of somatosensory evoked potentials in evaluating neurological deficits during 1057 lumbar interbody fusions

Abstract Background Lumbar interbody spinal fusion (LIF) surgeries are performed to treat or prevent back pain in patients with degenerated intervertebral discs and a variety of spinal diseases. However, post-operative neurological complications may ensue. Intraoperative monitoring techniques have been used to predict and potentially reduce the risk of complications. Methods This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of significant changes of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) to evaluate and predict post-operative neurological deficits after LIF. All patients underwent LIF at UPMC from 2010 to 2012. One thousand fifty-seven patients had pre-operative baseline and continuous intraoperative SSEP monitoring. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS version 22. No relevant disclosure. Results Patient outcomes were not significantly affected by age over 65, gender, obesity, and abnormal baselines. Lower extremity (LE) significant changes in SSEPs and LE loss of responses resulted in a sensitivity/specificity of 0.03/0.99 and 0.03/0.99; they had an AUC of 0.54/0.73 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [0.34, 0.74]/[0.29, 1.00]. Conclusions Significant SSEP changes during LIF are a very specific but poorly sensitive indicator of perioperative neurological deficits. The odds ratio for LE loss of responses was 29.14 with a 95% CI of 1.79-475.5, so LE SSEP loss of responses can serve as a biomarker of perioperative neurological deficits after LIF.
Beyond Magic Carrots: Garden Pedagogies and the Rhetoric of Effects

In this essay, Kate Cairns considers the implications of assessing garden pedagogies, arguing that a rhetoric of effects assumes an essentialist conception of the child-as-educational-output and bolsters a neoliberal vision of social change rooted in personal transformation. Drawing from ethnographic research with youth gardens in Toronto, Ontario, and Camden, New Jersey, she highlights contextualized experiences of learning and labor that exceed the boundaries of an effects framework. Cairns argues that garden pedagogies must be understood in relation to specific dynamics of racial, economic, and ecological injustice. The essay closes with reflections on how feminist theories of social reproduction might reimagine pedagogies of the garden in a way that attends to young people's participation in life's work.
UNIT 12.2 Metabolic Radiolabeling of Animal Cell Glycoconjugates

Useful information about glycoconjugates can be obtained by labeling their aglycone (noncarbohydrate) portions—e.g., labeling proteins with radioactive amino acids—and then using techniques described elsewhere in this chapter to infer the presence, type, and nature of glycan chains. This unit describes metabolic labeling techniques that provide more specific information about the structure, sequence, and distribution of the sugar chains of glycoconjugates. Following metabolic labeling, the radioactive glycoconjugate of interest is isolated, individual glycosylation sites are identified and separated if necessary, and the labeled glycans are subjected to structural analysis. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 57:12.2.1-12.2.15. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: glycoconjugates; glycan; carbohydrate; metabolic labeling
Engine characterization using experimental method and prediction of insertion loss of the exhaust system

The evaluation of the acoustic performance of an exhaust system at the design stage requires a correlated engine model and reasonably approximate input boundary conditions to simulate the end results, both of which are not easily available. It is known that the input boundary conditions for insertion loss analysis require two engine parameters, namely, source impedance and source strength spectra. This study describes experimental measurements for these parameters using in-duct measurement via the multi-load method for a six-cylinder diesel engine and calculation for insertion loss using GT-Power. The research discusses the approach taken to select the acoustic load cases considered for the multi-load method and then the execution of the test plan for different engine operating conditions The time domain data sets were processed to obtain the frequency spectra and was used to get the impedance of the acoustic load cases and finally the source impedance and source strength spectra for different engine operating conditions. The results obtained using all the acoustic load cases were optimized by filtering out unacceptable load cases and then re-evaluating the source characteristics to use them as input boundary conditions for insertion loss analysis. The analysis results were then compared to the experimental insertion loss.
Metal complexes of fluorophosphines

Abstract Some oxidative addition reactions of (CH3)5C5Rh(PF3)2 with various iodine compounds are described. Iodine reacts with (CH3)5C5Rh(PF3)2 in benzene at room temperature to give the deep red crystalline diiodide (CH3)5C5Rh(PF3)I2. The perfluoroalkyl iodides RfI (Rf = CF3, C2F5, n-C3F7, and n-C7F15) react with (CH3)5C5Rh(PF3)2 in benzene at room temperature to give the orange to deep red (CH3)5C5Rh(PF3)(Rf)I (Rf = CF3, C2F5, n-C3F7, and n-C7Fl5). The IR and proton and fluorine NMR spectra of these new (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium-trifluorophosphine complexes are discussed.
Die evolutionäre Kraft der Städte

Nanotechnologie, synthetische Biologie, unterstutzte Migration und Wiederauferstehung verschwundener Arten – sie alle werden wohl der naturlichen Ordnung der Dinge auf immer tieferen Ebenen die Entwurfe der Menschen aufzwingen. Die genannten Technologien sind besonders augenfallige Beispiele fur das, was ein synthetisches Zeitalter mit sich bringen konnte. Sie greifen tief in den Stoffwechsel unseres Planeten ein und gestalten seine Funktionen in erheblichem Umfang entsprechend unserer Planung neu. Solche rasch wachsenden Moglichkeiten, die Natur auf einer ganz grundsatzlichen Ebene umzugestalten, legen uns eine neue Macht in die Hande und verlangen „eine ausergewohnliche Verschiebung der Wahrnehmung“, wie die australische Wissenschaftsautorin Gaia Vince es formulierte.
Gibbons exploit information about what a competitor can see

How much nonhuman animals understand about seeing has been the focus of comparative cognition research for decades. Many social primates (and other species) are sensitive to cues about what others can and cannot see. Whether this sensitivity evolved in primates through shared descent or convergent evolution remains unclear. The current study tested gibbons—the apes that are least studied yet most distantly related to humans and one of the less social primates—in two food-competition tasks. Specifically, we presented eastern hoolock gibbons, Hoolock leuconedys, and silvery gibbons, Hylobates moloch, with a choice between a contested piece of food visible to both themselves and a human competitor and an uncontested piece visible only to themselves. Subjects successfully stole the uncontested food when the competitor turned away his body (N = 10, experiment 1) and his head (N = 9, experiment 2). However, when the head of the experimenter was oriented towards the contested piece of food, whether the competitor opened or closed his eyes made no difference. Subjects’ sensitivity to body- and head-orientation cues was comparable to that of chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and ring-tailed lemurs—species living in much larger groups than gibbons. These findings support the continuity hypothesis that sensitivity to body- and head-orientation cues is a product of shared descent among primates.
Dirac's equation and its implications for density functional theory based calculations of materials containing heavy elements

Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) give quantitatively accurate predictions of properties of most materials containing light elements. For heavy materials, and in particular for $f$-electron systems, DFT based methods can fail both qualitatively and quantitatively for two distinct reasons: their failure to describe confinement effects arising from localized $f$-electron behavior and their incomplete or approximate treatment of relativity. In addition, different methods for incorporating relativistic effects, which give identical results in most light materials, can give different predictions in heavy elements. In order to develop a quantitative capability for calculating the properties of these materials, it is essential to separate the predictions of the underlying equations from the uncertainty introduced in approximations used in computation. Working toward that goal, we have developed a code, called dirac-fp, which is based directly on solving the Dirac-Kohn-Sham equations and uses the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) approach to electronic structure. In order to assess the performance of dirac-fp, we perform calculations on three different face-centered cubic materials using different approximate treatments of relativity: the scalar relativistic (SR) approach commonly used in most solid-state DFT codes, the scalar relativistic plus spin-orbit coupling corrections (SR+SO) approach which includes spin-orbit coupling self-consistently using the SR states inside the muffin tins, and the Dirac-Kohn-Sham (Dirac) approach implemented in dirac-fp. Performing calculations on thorium, in which relativistic effects should be strong, aluminum, in which relativistic effects should be negligible, and gold, in which relativistic effects play an intermediate role, we find that the Dirac approach is able to provide theoretically consistent results in the electronic structure and ground-state properties across all three materials.
Enacting a Latino Male-Serving Organizational Identity: The Role of HSI Community Colleges

Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) increasingly provide educational opportunities for underrepresented groups such as Latinx students; however, their categorization as minority-serving institutio...
Postgate: How the Washington Post Betrayed Deep Throat, Covered up Watergate, and Began Today’s Partisan Advocacy Journalism

With a sitting president at the helm of a massive cover-up, the Washington Post’s reporting on the Watergate scandal reigns as the gold standard of modern investigative journalism. Thanks to the re...
Medicinal Cannabis: an overview for health-care providers

Abstract Cannabis has been used by humans as a medicine, intoxicant, food, and fiber for millennia. In fact, recent archeological evidence suggests that Cannabis was possibly the first species domesticated by humans. In modern times, medicinal Cannabis and isolated phytocannabinoids have shown efficacy in numerous therapeutic indications, including pain, nausea, wasting syndrome, and epilepsy. The past decade has seen a surge in patient access to medicinal Cannabis products in the United States (US) and elsewhere. The lack of federal regulations in the US has created a complex market that is distinctive in many ways from other contemporary medicinal product markets. This situation has pros and cons. For example, pros include patient empowerment, product diversity, and rapid product innovation, whereas cons include a lack of evidence-based practices and often variable product standards. The complexity of the situation can create confusion for health-care providers tasked with serving medicinal Cannabis users. To assist in navigating this evolving field, this chapter presents an overview of medicinal Cannabis topics for health-care providers and other interested stakeholders. Topics covered include history, nomenclature, common medicinal Cannabis formulations, product labeling issues, an overview of the chemical components of Cannabis, the endogenous endocannabinoid system, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of common phytocannabinoids such as (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol, an overview of existing FDA-approved cannabinoid products, and finally a discussion of common adverse effects associated with Cannabis.
Culture is Bad For You: by Orian Brook, Dave O'Brien, and Mark Taylor, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2020, 384 pp., £11.99 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-5261-4416-4

It is common wisdom that culture is good for you. Culture is presumed to be a cure-all that can reduce social isolation, boost health, and improve economic conditions. However, in Culture is Bad fo...
Mass Customization and the “Parts-Procurement Planning Problem”

We study a new parts-procurement planning problem that is motivated by a global auto manufacturer (GAM) that practices mass customization. Because of the astronomically large number of producible c...
The Contributions of Eye Gaze Fixations and Target-Lure Similarity to Behavioral and fMRI Indices of Pattern Separation and Pattern Completion

Pattern separation and pattern completion are generally studied in humans using mnemonic discrimination tasks such as the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) where participants identify similar lures and repeated items from a series of images. Failures to correctly discriminate lures are thought to reflect a failure of pattern separation and a propensity toward pattern completion. Recent research has challenged this perspective, suggesting that poor encoding rather than pattern completion accounts for the occurrence of false alarm responses to similar lures. In two experiments, participants completed a continuous recognition task version of the MST while eye movement (Experiment 1 and 2) and fMRI data (Experiment 2) were collected. While we replicated the result that fixation counts at study predicted accuracy on lure trials, we found that target-lure similarity was a much stronger predictor of accuracy on lure trials across both experiments. Lastly, we found that fMRI activation changes in the hippocampus were significantly correlated with the number of fixations at study for correct but not incorrect mnemonic discrimination judgments when controlling for target-lure similarity. Our findings indicate that while eye movements during encoding predict subsequent hippocampal activation changes, mnemonic discrimination performance is better described by pattern separation and pattern completion processes that are influenced by target-lure similarity than simply poor encoding.
La estructura mítico-tradicional del Don Juan Tenorio de José Zorrilla

Se pondera en el articulo la eficacia simbolica y estructural de hacer transcurrir las dos partes del Don Juan Tenorio en sendas noches, llenas de contenido popular tradicional. La Primera Parte, en la noche culminante del Carnaval en que se introduce la figura mitica, llena de vitalidad; la Segunda Parte, en la Madrugada de San Juan, en que se asiste a la revolucionaria salvacion del personaje, purificado por el amor de Ines. This article weights the symbolic and structural efficiency of making both parts of Don Juan Tenorio take place in one night each: nights filled with traditional popular content. The First Part, in the final night of Carnival, in which the mythical figure, full of vitality, is introduced; the Second Part, in the Dawn of San Juan, in which we contemplate the revolutionary salvation of the character, purified by the love of Ines.
Digital-phase aligner macro for clock tree compensation with 70 ps jitter

This paper describes a digital phase aligner (DPA) that can be used to decrease the chip-to-chip clock skew caused by process and temperature variations of the on-chip clock trees in a multiple-chip synchronous system with multiple clock domains. This method adjusts the delay of a variable-delay line to align an output of the clock tree to the clock input of a chip. Delay is added to make the clock tree latency an integral number of cycles. The goal was to design a delay-locked loop over a 8-25 ns cycle time with low jitter, allow multiple uses per ASIC, have the ability to start and stop the external clock without a long period of initialization and be fully testable by level-sensitive scan design (LSSD).
Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase from Micrococcus luteus III. THE EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE, METAL ION, AND TEMPERATURE ON THE HOMOPOLYMER-DIRECTED REACTION

Abstract Factors influencing synthetic rates by highly purified RNA polymerase from Micrococcus luteus with single and double stranded homopolymer templates have been investigated. The results indicate different reaction mechanisms depending on the number of strands of the template. Double stranded homopolymer templates show typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to the nucleoside triphosphate concentration whereas single stranded homopolynucleotides show sigmoidal kinetics. Double stranded deoxyribosyl templates are also affected less by lower temperatures than single stranded deoxyribosyl templates, suggesting that "melting" of the DNA template is not rate-limiting in this system. The reactions directed by single and double stranded templates also differ in their response to manganese concentration. For AMP incorporation, single stranded templates show a sharp manganese optimum whereas double stranded templates show a broad optimum. For uridine monophosphate incorporation, both single and double stranded templates show a sharp optimum. These results indicate functions for manganese other than in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate-manganese complex. It is suggested that the results reflect a rate-limiting step involving product release (i.e. translation of the product from the active site of the enzyme) and that release is inhibited by high manganese concentrations. The sigmoidal dependence of the reactions directed by single stranded templates upon substrate concentration indicates a concentration-dependent interaction between the substrate and some other component of the reaction. This component is not manganese since maintaining a stoichiometric ratio between Mn++ and ATP in the r(U)n-directed reaction does not completely abolish the shape of the curve. Further, several lines of evidence suggest that the stacking interaction between the nucleoside triphosphate substrate and the template also does not account for the shape of the curve. Only the presence of a second template strand eliminates the sigmoidal profile of the substrate curves.
Can a Continuously-Liquidating Tontine (or Mutual Inheritance Fund) Succeed where Immediate Annuities Have Floundered?

A new instrument (the Mutual Inheritance Fund or MIF) is proposed whose purpose is to help people carry their savings forward from the moment they retire into their old age. Like annuities, this instrument requires an up-front payment before people receive any benefits while also protecting people from the risk that they will live a long time. The funds that individuals contribute to a MIF are invested in a mutual fund. The proceeds from the fund's underlying assets are reinvested until the contributor dies or he turns an age specified in advance. If a contributor dies before this pre-specified age, his shares are liquidated and the proceeds are distributed to the other contributors to the MIF. Contributors who are alive at the pre-specified age are also paid the value of their accumulated shares. Like tontines, of which MIF is a variant, this instrument has returns that are more tilted towards old age than annuities. Several advantages of this are discussed, including some that may explain why tontines have proven popular with consumers in the past.