cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The presenting manifestations of obstructive urinary anomalies in children.

Urinary infections are abnormal and the overwhelming majority occurring in children are based upon obstructive anomalies. This is demonstrably true of persistent or recurrent infections. While most obstructions are readily detectable by urologic means, catheterization and intravenous pyelography particularly, there are poorly understood uropathies that are difficult to recognize. Although antibacterial medication will often suppress the invading organism, a true cure rarely results until the obstruction is relieved. It is also important to remember that the kidneys can be destroyed by obstruction alone, in the absence of or during the suppression of infection. Early detection usually depends upon the pediatrician9s awareness of the common manifestations of urinary obstructions.
Behavior of Concrete in Biaxial Compression

The behavior of concrete in biaxial compression is briefly described as determined from experiments performed on six mixes by a testing machine capable of loading concrete slabs simultaneously in two orthogonal directions. Strain readings in the three principal directions, microcracking, and ultimate load were observed and measured for various values of lateral load on specimens from each mix. The results show that the elastic parameters, the load at which microcracking occurs, and the ultimate load are not constant but are dependent on the value of the lateral load. The effect of varying the aggregate size, water-cement ratio, and aggregate-cement ratio was also studied; these were shown to have a considerable influence on the properties of concrete in biaxial compression.
Brakes and gas-regulation of ENaC by sodium.

The epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) is rate limiting to Na+ entry across many epithelia. Its activity modifies transepithelial Na+ transport and by extension salt and water absorption. It has long be...
Persuasive Design Through Intelligent Recommendation Systems

Collaboration between human factors and marketing can have a significant impact on the profitability of retail, particularly on the Internet where comprehensive information systems can be used to model customer and product relationships. This paper presents a case study through which the capabilities of intelligent recommendation systems to achieve persuasive design are demonstrated. A web site for a department store was created that provides targeted recommendations to customers based on functional relationships between products and customer profile information where available. The site was designed to present only recommendations that closely match the needs of the customer and establish a trusted relationship. An empirical study was conducted to verify that the goals of the site were attained. Participants rated the recommendations as relevant, unobtrusive, and reported an enhanced shopping experience. Privacy requirements were also maintained. This case study demonstrates that understanding and design...
Effects of United States Department of Agriculture carcass maturity on sensory attributes of steaks produced by cattle representing two dental age classes.

This study examined the effects of USDA carcass maturity on sensory properties of LM steaks produced by cattle representing 2 dental age classes. Carcasses identified for use in the experiment were produced by steers and heifers classified as either 0.05) in LM tenderness, juiciness, or flavor were detected between carcass maturity groups in either dental age class. Advanced dental age (≥30 MOA), however, was associated with more intense ( SM > SL) according to differences ( < 0.0001) in LM tenderness, juiciness, beefy/brothy flavor, and buttery/beef fat flavor. In addition, increased marbling was associated with lesser ( < 0.01) intensities of bloody/serumy, livery/organy, and grassy flavors as well as smaller ( < 0.0001) values for WBSF and SSF. Results of this study suggest that USDA carcass maturity does not effectively identify differences in LM sensory attributes in the population of beef carcasses routinely offered for grading in today's U.S. commercial beef processing facilities.
Surgery of the spleen.

While injury to the spleen once constituted the most common indication for splenectomy, advances in hematology have led to operation for a variety of hematologic disorders. Surgical anatomy is discussed and the operative procedure is described.
Detection and Characterization of Food Intake by Wearable Sensors

Food intake provides energy and nutrients to sustain human life. Studying the ingestive behavior of individuals is of particular interest for understanding and treatment of medical conditions strongly associated with food intake, such as obesity and eating disorders. Traditionally, ingestive behavior in humans has been assessed through self-monitoring of food intake. However, this approach is inaccurate, time consuming, and suffers from the observation and misreporting effects. Wearable sensors present a compelling alternative to overcome limitations of self-reporting methods. These sensors can potentially provide more objective measurements of food intake by monitoring physiological processes related to one or more stages of the food consumption process: hand-to-mouth gestures, bites, chewing, or swallowing. Specialized signal processing and pattern recognition methodologies use the sensor data to automatically detect and characterize each intake episode. Particularly, timing and duration of the meals, the mass and volume of ingestion, caloric and nutritional content of a meal, and the rate of ingestion could potentially be estimated from sensor data. This chapter presents an overview of the wearable sensors and accompanying methodologies that have been proposed for monitoring ingestive behavior in humans.
Risk Assessment, Management, and Accountability

Publisher Summary Risk is a common metric for waste management. Societal expectations of acceptable risk are mandated by the standards and specifications of certifying authorities. Articulating the hazard (the agent of harm) is matched against the ways that people or other receptors may come into contact with that hazard, that is, exposure. Thus, risk management includes the policies, laws, and other societal endeavors that limit these two components of risk. From the hazard perspectives, regulatory agencies may decide that a product is too hazardous when it is manufactured, used, or when it becomes a waste product. Thus, the hazard may occur before a waste is generated, such as a component of a manufacturing process. Waste management success is a function of the amount of risk that has been reduced or avoided. Thus, the success of all waste operations is, to some extent, a reflection of the operation's hazards and potential exposures to these hazards. Decisions must be based on scientifically credible information. This information is part of the risk assessment that informs waste management decisions.
In vivo N-15 MRS study of glutamate metabolism in the rat brain.

In vivo 15N MRS has made a unique contribution to kinetic studies of the individual pathways that control glutamate flux in the rat brain. This review covers the following topics: (1) the advantages and limitations of in vivo 15N MRS and its indirect detection through coupled 1H; (2) kinetic methods; (3) major findings from our and other laboratories in the areas: (a) the uptake of the neurotransmitter glutamate from the extracellular fluid into glia; (b) the metabolism of glutamate to glutamine; (c) glutamine transport to the extracellular fluid; (d) hydrolysis of neuronal glutamine to glutamate; and (e) contribution of transamination from leucine to replenish the glutamate nitrogen. In vivo glutamine synthetase activities measured at several levels of hyperammonemia showed that this enzyme becomes saturated at blood ammonia concentration >0.9 μmol/g, and causes the elevation of brain ammonia. Implications of the results for the cause of hyperammonemic encephalopathy are discussed. Leucine provides >25% of glutamate nitrogen. An intriguing possibility that supplementing leucine may restore cognitive function after brain injury is discussed. Finally, some characteristics of 15N MRS that may facilitate the future application of this technique to the study of the human brain at 4 or 7 T are described.
An Intersectional Perspective on Stigma as a Barrier to Effective HIV Self-Management and Treatment for HIV-Infected African American Women

Among those who are HIV-infected and striving to live well with HIV, African American women have poorer health outcomes and represent a higher portion of those women who die from HIV-related causes. These health inequalities have been associated with the presence of social determinants of health such as stigma. This analytical review asserts that stigmas precipitated by gender, race, and class in the context of HIV-related stigma constitute substantial barriers to active engagement in HIV self-management, care, and treatment for HIV-infected African American women. The utility of the intersectionality framework for analyzing how these various stigmas interact to create unique determents to effective treatment and active self-management of HIV among African American women and for serving as a foundation for intervention development is presented.
Latissimus Dorsi Flap Breast Reconstruction

The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was one of the first described autologous options for breast reconstruction. It remains one of the common options for immediate or delayed reconstruction following mastectomy. It is usually performed as a pedicle flap and the success rate is high. It is often combined with an implant for additional volume. Another benefit is its use as a salvage procedure in the event of prior reconstructive failure or radiation therapy or device infection. An appreciation of the technical details of the operation is important in order to minimize the incidence of adverse events. This chapter in operative dictations will review the preoperative markings and the intraoperative details that will facilitate obtaining predictable and reproducible outcomes.
Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation Surgery for People Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.

Clinical Question Should patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation who are undergoing cardiac surgery undergo concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery? Bottom Line There is moderate-quality evidence that concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery approximately doubles the likelihood of freedom from atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia while not receiving antiarrhythmic medications at least 3 months after the procedure with a small absolute increase in needing a permanent pacemaker.
VO2(B)/Graphene Forest for High-Rate Li-Ion Battery

2D nanomaterials, when assembled into an ordered macrostructure, will present many great opportunities, including for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). We report densely-packed vertically-aligned VO 2 (B) nanobelts (NBs)-based forest structure synthesized on edge-oriented graphene (EOG) network. Using a EOG/Ni foam as a 3D scaffold, aligned VO 2 (B) NBs can be further synthesized into a folded 3D forest structure to construct a freestanding electrode for LIBs. Electrochemical studies found that such a freestanding VO 2 (B)/EOG electrode, which combines the unique merits of 2D VO 2 (B) NBs and 2D graphene sheets, has excellent charge-discharge rate performance. A discharge capacity of 178 mAh g -1 at a rate of 59 C and 100 mAh g -1 at 300 C was measured. A good charge-discharge cycling stability under a high current density was also demonstrated. The results indicate VO 2 (B)/EOG forest based freestanding electrode is very promising for developing high-rate LIBs.
Effect of microstructure on irradiated ferroelectric thin films

This work investigates the role of microstructure on radiation-induced changes to the functional response of ferroelectric thin films. Chemical solution-deposited lead zirconate titanate thin films with columnar and equiaxed grain morphologies are exposed to a range of gamma radiation doses up to 10 Mrad and the resulting trends in functional response degradation are quantified using a previously developed phenomenological model. The observed trends of global degradation as well as local rates of defect saturation suggest strong coupling between ferroelectric thin film microstructure and material radiation hardness. Radiation-induced degradation of domain wall motion is thought to be the major contributor to the reduction in ferroelectric response. Lower rates of defect saturation are noted in samples with columnar grains, due to increased grain boundary density offering more sites to act as defect sinks, thus reducing the interaction of defects with functional material volume within the grain interior. Response trends for measurements at low electric field show substantial degradation of polarization and piezoelectric properties (up to 80% reduction in remanent piezoelectric response), while such effects are largely diminished at increased electric fields, indicating that the defects created/activated are primarily of low pinning energy. The correlation of film microstructure to radiation-induced changes to the functional response of ferroelectric thin films can be leveraged to tune and tailor the eventual properties of devices relying on these materials.
Agonist OX40 immunotherapy improves survival in glioma-bearing mice and is complementary with vaccination with irradiated GM-CSF-expressing tumor cells.

Background Glioma immunotherapy is an active area of clinical investigation. Glioma-associated immunosuppression remains an obstacle to efficacious immunotherapy, and combination approaches are likely necessary for durable success. OX40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is upregulated on activated lymphocytes, ligation of which results in enhanced activity and may be active against cancer. We sought to confirm the efficacy of agonist anti-OX40 immunotherapy against glioma and hypothesized that it is complementary with irradiated whole tumor cell vaccination. Methods GL261 tumor cells were implanted into the right frontal lobes of syngeneic mice, which were then treated with controls, agonist anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody, vaccination with subcutaneous injection of irradiated granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing GL261 cells (GVAX), or vaccination + agonist anti-OX40 therapy. Animals were followed for survival. On day 18, splenocytes were harvested for enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot analyses and brains were harvested for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses of infiltrating lymphocytes. Results Combination immunotherapy with GVAX and systemic agonist anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody improved survival by 14 days over controls (median survival 36 vs 22 days, P < 0.00005). Systemically, T helper cell type 1 (Th1) antitumor immunity was enhanced significantly by combination therapy. In the brain, combination immunotherapy increased the percentage of Th1 CD4+ T lymphocytes and reduced the fraction that were Th2. In the brain, vaccination improved the ratio of CD8+ to FoxP3+ T lymphocytes, while combination immunotherapy reversed intracranial T-lymphocyte exhaustion, reducing their coexpression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) as well as PD-1 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3). Conclusions Anti-OX40 immunotherapy is active against intracranial glioma and synergizes with GVAX. Vaccination and anti-OX40 immunotherapy are mechanistically complementary, particularly in the glioma microenvironment.
Basal Encephalocele Presenting with Bitemporal Hemianopsia in an Adult Male

Basal encephaloceles are uncommon malformations that are usually congenital in nature, although, occasionally, they can be traumatic. When they are congenital, they are associated with skull and facial midline defects, central nervous system abnormalities, and possible ocular and visual problems. The authors present a case of an adult male with a basal encephalocele who presented with a bitemporal hemianopsia. Ocular abnormalities, visual loss, and visual field deficits have previously been reported in patients with basal encephalocele; however, there does not appear to be any reported cases with formal visual field testing to demonstrate specific defects such as a bitemporal hemianopsia.
Imaging Invasion and Metastasis Ex Vivo

Recent advances in imaging and three dimensional cancer models have sought to expose the metastatic behavior of cancer by recreating appropriate tumorhost environment, ex vivo. In this review we will highlight some of the most recent advances in imaging using multiphoton microscopy, with a discussion on contributions of 2D and 3D systems most commonly as tumor assays for dissecting tumor biology, and pharmalogical efficacy. Lastly, we will discuss our previously described organotypic liver perfusion system and it’s potential impact to cancer research.
Intermediaries and Asset Prices: Evidence from the U.S., U.K., and Japan, 1870-2016

We study data on commercial banks and securities firms across multiple countries since 1870. Balance sheet expansion of leveraged intermediaries negatively predicts returns of stocks, bonds, currencies, and housing. The predictability is stronger at shorter horizons, is robust to macroeconomic controls, and holds outside distress periods, in contrast to models featuring nonlinearities during distress. Intermediaries in global financial centers predict international equity returns. A new dataset on individual stock holdings of Japanese intermediaries since 1955 shows intermediaries affect returns of stocks directly held. Our results suggest a strong universal link between intermediaries and asset returns distinct from macroeconomic channels.
The Influence of International on Union Firm Hiring and Worker Union Choice

Recently, income inequality in advanced countries has increased. Empirical evidence suggests that declining labor movements is one cause. Union opposition to free trade policies suggests that trade damages the union movement, which indirectly increases income inequality. Greater trade shares may hinder unions by reducing the likelihood that workers enter the union sector. A bivariate partial observability probit model is used to predict union choice. The model estimates the probability of workers wanting to belong to a union and the probability of union firms hiring these workers. The results suggest that trade has had some adverse effects on union choice.
Triage: Philosophical and Cross-Cultural Perspectives

The essays of Robert Veatch [8] and Joseph Margolis [2] illuminate quite different aspects of what Warren Reich elsewhere in this collection [7] has called the “moral absurdities” of critical medical care. For Veatch, consideration of problems of autonomy and justice in the provision of crisis care provides an opportunity to explore the reasons why these questions have only come to dominate the medical ethics discourse in the United States. For Margolis, the problem of providing crisis care, and particularly the “solution” of doing so by a process of triage, forces him to consider the inevitability of the resultant evil, that some people will be neglected, and to explore ways in which such a result might be justified.
Regional Phagocytosis in Man

The phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial cells in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes can be examined by nuclear imaging. Since approximately 85–95% of the body’s phagocytic cells are located in the liver and spleen, most intravenously injected particulate or colloidal material is taken up rapidly by these organs (Saba, 1970). Larger particles are removed from the circulation faster than smaller particles. The splenic uptake of labeled colloidal material depends on the characteristics of the particles, especially their size (Colombetti et al, 1969; Nelp, 1975). The functional status of the phagocytic cells in the liver, as well as the spleen, and the relative liver and splenic blood flow are the major factors responsible for the eventual distribution of the radioactivity within the body when tracer quantities of radiocolloids are injected intravenously. Tech- netium-99m sulfur colloid is currently the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for imaging the reticuloendothelial system. Liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph gland imaging is used in clinical medicine to reveal both global and regional phagocytic function.
Kinetic studies of thermal dissociation of carbon monoxide ligands from manganese tri- and tetra-carbonyl derivatives containing the bulky dipiperidylmethane ligand, CH2Pip2

Abstract The group 7 tricarbonyl complexes, fac-[MBr(CO)3(CH2Pip2)] (CH2Pip2 = dipiperidylmethane, M = Mn (1), and M = Re (2)), have been synthesized from the reaction of [MBr(CO)5] and the bulky CH2Pip2 ligand. Complex 1 was found to react with AgBF4 in the presence of carbon monoxide to provide a stable cationic manganese tetracarbonyl complex [Mn(CO)4(CH2Pip2)][BF4] (3). Complex 3 was shown to dissociate CO in acetonitrile to provide the solvate, [Mn(CH3CN)(CO)3(CH2Pip2)][BF4], with a rate constant of 10.6 × 10−4 s−1 at 25 °C. A similar H2O solvated complex was provided upon CO dissociation from complex 3 in water/dichloromethane. Loss of an additional CO ligand occurs on a slower timescale as revealed by further CO exchange with 13CO. This enhanced loss of CO in the [Mn(CO)4(CH2Pip2)]+ cation compared to other analog derivatives such as [Mn(CO)4(phen)]+ is ascribed to the sterically encumbering CH2Pip2 ligand which weakens the Mn CO bond towards dissociation.
Recent advances in branching mechanisms underlying neuronal morphogenesis

Proper neuronal wiring is central to all bodily functions, sensory perception, cognition, memory, and learning. Establishment of a functional neuronal circuit is a highly regulated and dynamic process involving axonal and dendritic branching and navigation toward appropriate targets and connection partners. This intricate circuitry includes axo-dendritic synapse formation, synaptic connections formed with effector cells, and extensive dendritic arborization that function to receive and transmit mechanical and chemical sensory inputs. Such complexity is primarily achieved by extensive axonal and dendritic branch formation and pruning. Fundamental to neuronal branching are cytoskeletal dynamics and plasma membrane expansion, both of which are regulated via numerous extracellular and intracellular signaling mechanisms and molecules. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the biology of neuronal branching.
Reflections on STEAM in Education

The introduction of the Arts in STEM education is welcomed as it provides the opportunity to integrate the preoccupations of scientists, technologists, engineers and mathematicians. The emphasis on my reflections is not an effort to make a case for the inclusion of “art education”. My task is to sketch briefly how an understanding of art itself as an aesthetic pursuit provides the opportunity to reveal the fact that the aesthetic response has been basic to driving not only the practice of STEM endeavors, it also helps persons of all ages to regard life itself as education, and provides a guideline for youth to find a place in the world of work, that is not only fulfilling to the self, as well as a life-affirming global society that includes those who support a society dependent on advances in science and technology. Current developments in science, made possible through new technologies, increasingly make us aware of how complex human learning is, yet the holistic integration, that is the aesthetic response, indicates an awareness to the possibility of being a part of a global society in these turbulent times.
Length of Residence and Cardiovascular Health among Afro-Caribbean Immigrants in New York City

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) in the United States (U.S.). Afro-Caribbean (AC) immigrants comprise over 50% of the immigrant black population and are critical in understanding the health trajectories of blacks in the U.S. We assessed the relationship between length of residence (proxy measure for acculturation) and cardiovascular health (CVH) based on the American Heart Association’s (AHA) seven ideal cardiovascular health components among AC immigrants in New York City (NYC). CVH scores were categorized into poor/intermediate CVH (0–3 components) or ideal CVH (≥ 4 components). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between length of residence in the U.S. and poor/intermediate CVH. In adjusted models, the odds of poor/intermediate CVH were significantly higher for Guyanese (OR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.03–11.95) and Haitian immigrants (OR = 8.02; 95% CI 1.88–34.12) residing in the U.S. for ≥ 10 years than for those living in the U.S. for < 10 years. Length of residence was not significantly associated with CVH among Jamaican immigrants. We found evidence of ethnic differences in the association between acculturation and CVH among AC immigrants in a major metropolitan city. Culturally tailored interventions are needed to improve the CVH of AC immigrants as they become integrated into the U.S., with special consideration of country of birth.
Abstract P235: A Healthy Plant-Based Diet Index is Favorably Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study

Introduction: Plant-based diets are recommended for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). South Asians primarily consume a plant-based diet but also have a dispr...
Industrial Design Participation in Project/Matrix Management.

Team management often referred to as concurrent design/engineering and matrix management is now embracing this practice as a proven methodology. Empowerment, the main ingredient is given to the team to make decisions collectively, thus eliminating total approval from the next level of management. Allowing the team to make decisions minimizes delays and moves the product to market faster. The industrial designer’s role in team management is different from most other members in that they are dealing with an area that is often viewed as subjective. Most businesses are not acutely aware of the importance of design. Industrial designers are often considered to be just visual people and not actually concerned with practical elements. On the contrary, the industrial designer is very practical, their problem-solving methods and a holistic view is a tremendous asset in business today, especially in design thinking. Design cannot be avoided, no matter what the company or organization produces.
A 1–2 GHz Computational-Locking ADPLL With Sub-20-Cycle Locktime Across PVT Variation

This paper proposes computational locking (C-lock) in all-digital phase-locked loops (PLLs) to achieve rapid frequency and phase lock acquisition. The proposed approach employs a “lock-accelerator” module that accelerates lock-times ( $T_{\mathrm{ lock}}$ ) in both cold-start (PLL power-up) and re-lock scenarios without impacting steady-state PLL performance. The key premise underlying C-lock is that solving a system of accurate phase-frequency update equations at run-time provides superior lock performance compared to traditional PLLs that rely on linear feedback control. C-lock is readily amenable to runtime adaptation to Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT) variation. A 1–2 GHz computationally locked PLL was implemented in a 65-nm standard CMOS process. Measurements over 50 000 iterations of re-lock and cold-start experiments across multiple test-chips, supply-voltage ( $V_{\mathrm{ dd}}$ ), and operating temperatures indicate a mean re-lock time of 12 PLL reference clock cycles (12 $T_{\mathrm{ REFCLK}}$ ), and a “cold-start” $T_{\mathrm{ lock}}$ of 16 $T_{\mathrm{ REFCLK}}$ . Although the silicon demonstration of C-lock is based on a PLL designed for system clocking applications, the proposed approach is applicable to a broader class of PLLs.
A Structured Approach to Detecting and Treating Depression in Primary Care: VitalSign6 Project.

PURPOSE This report describes outcomes of an ongoing quality-improvement project (VitalSign6) in a large US metropolitan area to improve recognition, treatment, and outcomes of depressed patients in 16 primary care clinics (6 charity clinics, 6 federally qualified health care centers, 2 private clinics serving low-income populations, and 2 private clinics serving patients with either Medicare or private insurance). METHODS Inclusion in this retrospective analysis was restricted to the first 25,000 patients (aged ≥12 years) screened with the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) in the aforementioned quality-improvement project. Further evaluations with self-reports and clinician assessments were recorded for those with positive screen (PHQ-2 >2). Data collected from August 2014 though November 2016 were available at 3 levels: (1) initial PHQ-2 (n = 25,000), (2) positive screen (n = 4,325), and (3) clinician-diagnosed depressive disorder with 18 or more weeks of enrollment (n = 2,160). RESULTS Overall, 17.3% (4,325/25,000) of patients screened positive for depression. Of positive screens, 56.1% (2,426/4,325) had clinician-diagnosed depressive disorder. Of those enrolled for 18 or more weeks, 64.8% were started on measurement-based pharmacotherapy and 8.9% referred externally. Of the 1,400 patients started on pharmacotherapy, 45.5%, 30.2%, 12.6%, and 11.6% had 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more follow-up visits, respectively. Remission rates were 20.3% (86/423), 31.6% (56/177), and 41.7% (68/163) for those with 1, 2, and 3 or more follow-up visits, respectively. Baseline characteristics associated with higher attrition were: non-white, positive drug-abuse screen, lower depression/anxiety symptom severity, and younger age. CONCLUSION Although remission rates are high in those with 3 or more follow-up visits after routine screening and treatment of depression, attrition from care is a significant issue adversely affecting outcomes.
Immunologic changes in patients with metastatic melanoma on bevacizumab and chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone.

e21112 Background: Metastatic malignant melanoma is difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis. Systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma has had limited success and novel drug combinations need to...
Comrades-in-[Each Other’s]-Arms: Homosociality, Masculinity and Effeminacy in the Turkish Army:

In Turkey, the military regulation Article 17 prohibits men who suffer “visible sexual identity and/or behavioral defects” from serving in the armed forces. The final decision of exemption, however...
Selective sweeps in a nutshell; the genomic footprint of rapid insecticide resistance evolution in a major insect pest of tree nuts

Abstract Relatively few genome-wide population studies of field-acquired insecticide resistance have been carried out on agricultural pests. We utilized the navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), the main insect pest of almond orchards in California, to study the short and long-terms effects of heavy insecticide usage in the population genomic landscape of insects. We re-sequenced the genomes of three contemporary A. transitella natural populations differing in resistance status and characterized its population genetics parameters. We detected an exceptionally large selective sweep present in all populations. This sweep has virtually no polymorphisms and extends up to 1.3 Mb (spanning 43 genes) in the resistant population. We analyzed the possible causes of this unusually strong population genetic signature, and find genes in the sweep that are associated with DDT and pyrethroid resistance. Moreover, we found that the sequence along the sweep is nearly identical in the genome assembled from a strain founded in 1966, suggesting that the underpinning for insecticide resistance may have been laid a half-century ago when the California Central Valley experienced massive use of DDT, or that DDT residues in the soil may still be at play as a selective pressure. Our findings show the effects of insecticide applications in genomes of agricultural pest. We show that insecticide application in this species has probably evolved as a stacking of selective pressures that started decades ago and which effectively reduced variation in a region that includes several genes that confer resistance to insecticides that share a mechanism of action.
Automatic cerebellum anatomical parcellation using U-Net with locally constrained optimization

The cerebellum plays a central role in sensory input, voluntary motor action, and many neuropsychological functions and is involved in many brain diseases and neurological disorders. Cerebellar parcellation from magnetic resonance images provides a way to study regional cerebellar atrophy and also provides an anatomical map for functional imaging. In a recent comparison, a multi-atlas approach proved to be superior to other parcellation methods including some based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which have a considerable speed advantage. In this work, we developed an alternative CNN design for cerebellar parcellation, yielding a method that achieves the leading performance to date. The proposed method was evaluated on multiple data sets to show its broad applicability, and a Singularity container has been made publicly available.
Conflicting Language Ideologies Concerning Bilingualism and Bilingual Education among Pre-Service Spanish Teachers in South Texas

ABSTRACT Language ideologies are the shared frameworks through which groups understand language and speakers (GAL; WOOLARD, 2001; WOOLARD, 1998). In educational settings, these ideologies may impact learning as teachers who adhere to ideologies favoring monolingualism may undermine students’ identities and bilingual development in favor of assimilation. Using language ideology and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) frameworks, this study investigated the presence of different language ideologies in pre-service Spanish teachers’ discourse and their positioning in face of these language ideologies. The analysis demonstrated that while pre-service Spanish teachers challenge the ideology of monolingualism and favor bilingualism, they also legitimate the ‘one language’ ideology that entails that the unity of a nation depends partly on the use of only one language.
Disparities in use of telehealth at the onset of the COVID-19 public health emergency.

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in an unprecedented expansion in telehealth, but little is known about differential use of telehealth according to demographics...
Presentation of calcinosis cutis 35 years after silicone nasal implant reconstruction.

A 63-year-old female patient with a history of congenital saddle nose deformity and two previous reconstructive rhinoplasties presented with a painful nodule, progressive swelling and mild redness on the nasal dorsum and right-sided nasal obstruction. The last of her two closed rhinoplasties was
Development of Donor Recipient Chimeric Cells of bone marrow origin as a novel approach for tolerance induction in transplantation.

Background Cell therapies and chimerism-based strategies are currently the most successful approach for tolerance induction in transplantation. This study aimed to establish and characterize novel Donor Recipient Chimeric Ccell (DRCC) therapy of bone marrow (BM) origin presenting donor-recipient phenotype to support tolerance induction. Methods Ex vivo fusions of fully MHC-mismatched BM cells from ACI (RT1a) and Lewis (RT1l) rats were performed using polyethylene-glycol (PEG). The creation of rat DRCC was tested by flow cytometry (FC), confocal microscopy and PCR. FC characterized DRCC's phenotype (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45, CD90, CD11b/c, CD45RA, OX-82, or CD4/CD25) and apoptosis, while mixed lymphocyte reaction assessed DRCC's immunogenicity and colony forming unit assay tested DRCC's differentiation and proliferation. DRCC's polyploidy was evaluated using Hoechst33342 staining and COMET assay tested genotoxicity of fusion procedure. ELISA analyzed the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TGFs1, IFNγ and TNFα by DRCC at day 1, 5 and 14 post-fusion. The DRCC's phenotype after long-term culturing was assessed by reverse-transcription PCR. Results The chimeric state of DRCC was confirmed. Fusion did not change the expression of hematopoietic markers compared to BM controls. Although an increased number of early and late apoptotic (Annexin V+/Sytox blue- and Annexin V+/Sytox blue+, respectively) DRCC was detected at 24h post-fusion, the number significantly decreased at day 5 (38.4%±3.1% and 22.6%±2.5%, vs. 28.3%±2.5% and 13.9%±2.6%, respectively, P<0.05). DRCC presented decreased immunogenicity, increased expression of IL-10 and TGFβ1 and proliferative potential comparable to BM controls. The average percentage of tetraploid DRCC was 3.1%±0.2% compared to 0.96%±0.1% in BM controls. The lack of damage to the DRCC's DNA content supported the DRCC's safety. In culture, DRCC maintained proliferation for up to 28 days while preserving hematopoietic profile. Conclusions This study confirmed feasibility of DRCC creation via ex vivo PEG mediated fusion. The created DRCC revealed pro-tolerogenic properties indicating potential immunomodulatory effect of DRCC therapy when applied in vivo to support tolerance induction in solid organ and vascularized composite allograft transplantation.
Hematologic malignancy patients suffer higher mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 than solid tumor patients

e19048Background: Cancer patients experience morbidity and mortality from infections, including COVID-19. Results are in conflict as to whether hematologic malignancy (heme) patients or solid tumor...
Fragmentation or Assimilation? A study on The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz

Canada has undergone colonisation, territory exploitation and, rapid immigration, yet they focus on the multicultural contributions in the development of their country. The minority writers took the attention of Canadian literature towards multiculturalistic struggle and assertion. Investing in the reality of minorities, the central idea is multicultural fragmentation and conflicts within a self towards absorption into the New. The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz holds within a debatable and argumentative portrait of the Jewish community. The coming of age novel reflects on the sacrifice of childhood for materialist greed in acquiring land. The image of land acts as an ambiguous semantics of Jewish religion thereby stands as a challenge between the Jewish heritage and profound Canadian identity. The influence of non-Jewish society on a Jew defines the effect of assimilation either by force or by choice. The prevalent question is will the Self be lost in want for commercial greed.
Big Data, AI, Platforms, and the Future of the U.S. Intelligence Workforce: A Research Agenda

Science and Technology studies (STS) scholars have long argued for a deeper appreciation of the way technologies embody political, moral, and social choices along with their specific technical capabilities. In particular, research on information technology (IT) workers has pointed out that: 1) technology is not neutral but embodies intrinsic characteristics that enable new human experiences and foreclose others; 2) within these new “horizons of the possible,” individuals and groups construct meaning and make choices, further shaping the situation; and 3) the interplay of intrinsic qualities and human choices is further shaped by social, political, and economic interests that inscribe the situation with their intended and unintended opportunities and limitations [1] . The U.S. intelligence workforce includes a variety of IT-related workers. Although attention has been devoted to discussing the social and ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) and use of big-data platforms for the public and private sector workforces [2] – [6] , few research studies have looked at the social implications of these technologies for the future of the defense and security workforce [7] , especially within the U.S. intelligence community (IC), which constitutes a unique and varied set of employees, actors, institutions, missions, and policies.
Digital command system second-order subcarrier tracking loop performance.

Equations to determine tracking performance for second order, phase locked loop used for subcarrier synchronization on digital command system
A Research Agenda for K-12 School-based Service-Learning: Academic Achievement and School Success

In this climate of assessment and accountability, stronger and more convincing evidence of the impacts of service-learning participation on students’ test performance and overall academic achievement is needed in order to garner the levels of institutional support necessary for servicelearning to thrive in K-12 education. Not having the proof that verifies a strong link between service-learning participation and positive academic achievement limits the ability to make the case for implementing service-learning in primary and secondary schools.
Starbursts in the Ultra Deep Field

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) offers a unique opportunity to study high-redshift starbursts with high spatial resolution. The combination of ACS optical and NICMOS near-IR images provide a measure of the redshift, intrinsic SED and extinction. This analysis finds 39 galaxies with SFRs in excess of 50 M☉ yr−1. The typical starburst galaxy has a very blue SED and relatively high extinction. All of the HUDF starburst galaxies have redshifts higher than 0.9 but no starburst galaxies lie at redshifts greater than 3.5. The highest SFR in the HUDF is 560 M☉ yr−1. The top ten SFR galaxies, all with SFRs exceeding 100 M☉ yr−1 lie in the redshift range between 1.7 and 3.1. This defines an epoch of massive galaxy assembly similar to that seen in the Northern Hubble Deep Field (NHDF). Unlike the HUDF, however, the NHDF contains starburst galaxies up to the analysis redshift limit of 6. Both fields subtend small areas and any conclusions relative to universal star formation should be viewed with caution.
Theoretical Study of the Structural Phase Transition in RbCaF3

We have made a first-principles study of the structural phase transition at ${T}_{c}=193$ K in RbCa${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, using interionic potentials derived by the Gordon-Kim approach, and a new extension of the quasiharmonic approximation for the free energy. The transition is caused by instability of a triply degenerate $R$-point vibration which leads to a coordinated rotation of the Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ octahedra. We find that, as the lattice contracts, the quasiharmonic frequency of the $R$-point vibrations becomes imaginary at approximately 1280 K: Below this temperature the static lattice energy, as a function of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ rotation, has a double minimum. However, the quasiharmonic free energy has no minimum for finite rotations until $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}125$ K. Thus the present theory predicts that ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\cong}125$ K (cf ${T}_{c}=193$ K, experimental). In the region between 125 and about 1280 K "nests" of modes about the zone edges have imaginary quasiharmonic frequencies. By a simple extension of the quasiharmonic theory their contribution to the free energy has also been included. We also predict that the melting temperature is approximately 1350 K, which agrees very well with the measured value of 1382 K. However, the predicted thermal expansion of the perovskite phase at room temperature is \ensuremath{\sim}17% lower than the observed value. This leads us to argue that the good agreement between theoretical and experimental melting temperatures is, in part, due to a cancellation between neglected anharmonic effects and certain deficiencies in the interionic potentials. We also find that, for the tetragonal phase, the calculated $\frac{c}{a}$ ratio and rotation angle for the Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ octahedra which minimize the static energy are in good agreement with measured values at low temperature. We also discuss certain more general implications of the present work. Specifically, we suggest that our results indicate that it may be more natural to regard the structural phase transition as arising from the "unfreezing" of the distortion associated with the lower-symmetry phase. Our results also provide a natural explanation for the apparently universal tendency of transition temperatures for zone-boundary instabilities to be raised by hydrostatic stress.
Stress, Culture, and Community: The Psychology and Philosophy of Stress

1.The Social and Historical Context of Stress. 2.The Evolutionary and Cultural Basis of the Stress Experience. 3.Conservation of Resources Theory: Principles and Corollaries. 4.Majesty, Mastery, and Malignment. 5.Our Coping as Individuals Within Families and Tribes. 6.Marching to a Different Drum, Singing the Same Song. 7.Turbulent Spiral or Graceful Pirouette: Cycles of Resource Loss and gain. 8.Stress Crossover: The Commerce of Resources Across the Borders that Divide and United People, Organizations, and Tribes. 9.Aiding Resource Acquisition and Protection in Ecological Context. Index.
Role of naturally arising regulatory T cells in hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Abstract Naturally arising CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the potential to suppress aberrant immune responses and to regulate peripheral T-cell homeostasis. In murine models of bone marrow transplantation, Tregs promote donor bone marrow engraftment and decrease the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host-disease without abrogating the beneficial graft-versus-tumor immunologic effect. These findings, in concert with observations that Tregs in mice and humans share phenotypic and functional characteristics, have led to active investigations into the use of these cells to decrease complications associated with human hematopoietic cell transplantation. Early human studies suggest that an imbalance of Tregs and effector T cells may contribute to the development of graft-versus-host-disease. However, the mechanisms of immunoregulation, in particular the allorecognition properties of Tregs, their effects on and interaction with other immune cells, and their sites of suppressive activity, are not well understood. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of Treg biology and the potential therapeutic strategies and barriers of Treg immunotherapy in human hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Improving the Performance of CA-GMRES on Multicores with Multiple GPUs

The Generalized Minimum Residual (GMRES) method is one of the most widely-used iterative methods for solving nonsymmetric linear systems of equations. In recent years, techniques to avoid communication in GMRES have gained attention because in comparison to floating-point operations, communication is becoming increasingly expensive on modern computers. Since graphics processing units (GPUs) are now becoming crucial component in computing, we investigate the effectiveness of these techniques on multicore CPUs with multiple GPUs. While we present the detailed performance studies of a matrix powers kernel on multiple GPUs, we particularly focus on orthogonalization strategies that have a great impact on both the numerical stability and performance of GMRES, especially as the matrix becomes sparser or ill-conditioned. We present the experimental results on two eight-core Intel Sandy Bridge CPUs with three NDIVIA Fermi GPUs and demonstrate that significant speedups can be obtained by avoiding communication, either on a GPU or between the GPUs. As part of our study, we investigate several optimization techniques for the GPU kernels that can also be used in other iterative solvers besides GMRES. Hence, our studies not only emphasize the importance of avoiding communication on GPUs, but they also provide insight about the effects of these optimization techniques on the performance of the sparse solvers, and may have greater impact beyond GMRES.