cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Fiber Optic Ultrasound Sensor for Monitoring the Cure of Epoxy

Epoxy is a common matrix material in fibrous composites and is frequently used with: kevlar, glass, carbon, and boron fibers. Composite materials with an epoxy matrix are processed in an autoclave which applies temperature and pressure to the part during cure. Temperature and pressure facilitate the crosslinking of epoxide groups which react with amine groups present in the epoxy resin. Current methods of hardening fiber/epoxy composites utilize predetermined values of temperature and pressure in the cure cycle. These values are specified by the manufacturer and do not account for batch to batch variations in the epoxy resin which affect the cure. Possible variations in the epoxy resin include: chemical composition, water content, resin fiber content, temperature history, and humidity [1].
Non-Caucasian rhinoplasty

Non-Caucasian patients seeking rhinoplasty often have similar goals as their Caucasian counterparts. However, surgeon sensitivity to ethnic variations and patient desires are crucial to a successful outcome. This article presents some of the commonly encountered issues seen in non-Caucasian rhinoplasty, including minimal modification, augmentation materials, and complications with infected and extruded implants.
Artificial Urinary Sphincter in Women

Artificial urinary sphincter provides an option to restore continence when other methods have failed. Patient selection, details and workings of the artificial urinary sphincter, open and laparoscopic insertion of these devices are described with postoperative management and early/late complications discussed.
Cross-Contamination of Lettuce with Escherichia coli O157:H7

Contamination of produce by bacterial pathogens is an increasingly recognized problem. In March 1999, 72 patrons of a Nebraska restaurant were infected with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, and shredded iceberg lettuce was implicated as the food source. We simulated the restaurant's lettuce preparation procedure to determine the extent of possible EHEC cross-contamination and growth during handling. EHEC inoculation experiments were conducted to simulate the restaurant's cutting procedure and the subsequent storage of shredded lettuce in water in the refrigerator. All lettuce pieces were contaminated after 24 h of storage in inoculated water (2 × 10 -9 CFU of EHEC per 3 liters of water) at room temperature or at 4°C; EHEC levels associated with lettuce increased by >1.5 logs on the second day of storage at 4°C. All lettuce pieces were contaminated after 24 h of storage in water containing one inoculated lettuce piece (∼10 5 CFU of EHEC per lettuce piece) at both temperatures. The mixing of one inoculated dry lettuce piece with a large volume of dry lettuce, followed by storage at 4°C or 25°C for 20 h resulted in 100% contamination of the leaves tested. Microcolonies were observed on lettuce stored at 25°C, while only single cells were seen on leaves stored at 4°C, suggesting that bacterial growth had occurred at room temperature. Three water washes did not significantly decrease the number of contaminated leaves. Washing with 2,000 mg of calcium hypochlorite per liter significantly reduced the number of contaminated pieces but did not eliminate contamination on large numbers of leaves. Temperature abuse during storage at 25°C for 20 h decreased the effectiveness of the calcium hypochlorite treatment, most likely because of bacterial growth during the storage period. These data indicate that storage of cut lettuce in water is not advisable and that strict attention must be paid to temperature control during the storage of cut lettuce. En mars 1999, 72 clients d'un restaurant du Nebraska ont ete contamines par Escherichia coli O157:H7 et une laitue emincee etait la source impliquee. Cette etude simule la preparation et l'entreposage de la laitue au restaurant pour determiner l'etendue de la contamination croisee et de la multiplication pendant les manipulations. Un lavage par de l'hypochlorite de calcium a 2g/l reduit significativement le nombre de feuilles contaminees mais n'elimine pas la contamination pour un grand nombre de feuilles. L'attention doit etre portee surtout sur le controle de la temperature d'entreposage.
Modular Automorphism Groups

As we have seen in the previous chapters, the modular operator gives rise to a one parameter automorphism group on the von Neumann algebra in question. First, we are going to identify this group. The first section is devoted to this task. This group is characterized by the modular condition, Definition 1.1. Unlike the classical integration theory, the non-commutative theory comes with the intrinsic dynamics of the modular automorphism group. This chapter is devoted to the elementary theory of the modular automorphism groups. In fact, the modular automorphism group is the key to the entire theory of this volume. Thus, the theory does not end in this chapter. It will continue to the rest of this book. Section 1 is devoted to the characterization of the modular automorphism group of a weight by the modular condition, Theorem 1.2. In Section 2, the analysis and the characterization of the fixed point algebra under the modular automorphism group, called the centralizer, of a weight are given. We also discuss the perturbation of a weight by an operator affiliated to the centralizer of the weight, which is needed in the following section. The classical Radon-Nikodym theorem in the integration theory is extended to the non-commutative setting in a surprisingly simple manner, Theorem 3.3. In the course of proving the theorem, we will see that the semi-cyclic representation of a von Neumann algebra induced by a faithful semi-finite normal weight is unique up to unitary equivalence, Theorem 3.2. One of the consequences of Theorem 3.3 is that the modular automorphism group is unique up to unitary one cocycles, hence their images in the quotient group Out(M) = Aut(M)/Int(.M) is an intrinsic quantity of the algebra. Many results follow from this theorem. Only immediate consequences are discussed in this section, and many others are spread to the rest of this book. The semi-finiteness of the algebra is then equivalent to the innerness of the modular automorphism group, Theorem 3.14.
Preliminary Psychometrics of Responses to the Youth Externalizing Problems Screener

This brief report presents preliminary psychometrics of responses to the Youth Externalizing Problems Screener (YEPS), which is a 10-item self-report rating scale intended for use as a screening in...
The de/militarised frontier: the Korean demilitarised zone, the American DMZ border guard, and US liberal empire

On 31 August 1949, the National Security Council prepared an internal draft that would later inform the USs' foreign policy towards Cold War Asia. About a decade later, after the 1950–53 Korean War...
Spatiotemporal sensistivity and visual attention for efficient rendering of dynamic environments

We present a method to accelerate global illumination computation in dynamic environments by taking advantage of limitations of the human visual system. A model of visual attention is used to locate regions of interest in a scene and to modulate spatiotemporal sensitivity. The method is applied in the form of a spatiotemporal error tolerance map. Perceptual acceleration combined with good sampling protocols provide a global illumination solution feasible for use in animation. Results indicate an order of magnitude improvement in computational speed. The method is adaptable and can also be used in image-based rendering, geometry level of detail selection, realistic image synthesis, video telephony and video compression.
Association of Personalized Blood Pressure Targets With Hemorrhagic Transformation and Functional Outcome After Endovascular Stroke Therapy.

This cohort study assesses the feasibility of determining personalized blood pressure targets as well as the association of deviating from these targets with radiographic and clinical outcomes.
Explaining Cataloging to a Six Year Old

Cataloging is complex, both in the formal and informal sense. The standards used in cataloging, as well as the larger ecosystem in which catalogers work including the models developed to undergird ...
Extending the applicability of pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry to GHK-Cu determination

Abstract The well-known elemental quantification method of glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) is explored here for its potential in biomolecule quantification, specifically for the case of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper (GHK-Cu) complex. A pulsed glow discharge (GD) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) is employed to examine analyte behaviors in different segments of a pulse. The 63Cu+ ion signal observed in the afterpeak regime of the discharge pulse provides a strong and stable signal suitable for quantification of the GHK-Cu complex. GD operating conditions were optimized based on the 63Cu+ ion signal. Using cesium iodide as an internal standard, the normalized 63Cu+ ion signal measured from a set of pure standard solutions exhibited a strong correlation to the GHK-Cu concentration. A linear response of 63Cu+ ion can be obtained from GHK-Cu in 5–40 μg/μL, with a limit of detection of 3.54 μg/μL. The good correlation of the elemental signal and the tripeptide concentration demonstrates the capability of GDMS in quantification of GHK-Cu and its potential for application in the quantification of other biomolecules.
Follow-up of infants with congenital hypothyroidism and low total thyroxine/thyroid stimulating hormone on newborn screen.

Purpose Newborn screening (NBS) methods to detect congenital hypothyroidism (CH) vary regarding whether total thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), or both are measured. Neonates with low T4 and normal or low TSH (lowT4/TSH) may only be detected by T4-inclusive methods or age-dependent repeat screens. Premature neonates and those with pituitary-hypothalamic disorders frequently manifest lowT4/TSH. Methods This is a retrospective case-study of newborns who were screen-positive for lowT4/TSH in Alabama in 2009-2016 using a combined T4 and TSH method and 2 routine NBS. The clinical, laboratory, and final diagnosis after 3 years were determined. Results Over 8 years, 225 infants were referred to our institution for evaluation and treatment of CH. Twelve infants were screen-positive for lowT4/TSH by first or second NBS. Four of the 12 infants had permanent CH (30%): 2 with primary and 2 with central etiologies. One infant with moderately severe central CH was only detected by the routine second NBS. Six of 7 premature infants had elevated TSH on serum confirmation labs consistent with a delay in hypothalamic-pituitary maturation, yet 2 of these patients were later established to have permanent primary CH. While most cases of lowT4/TSH resolved by 3 years of age, several neonates had extended periods of moderate to severe hypothyroxinemia prior to detection and treatment. Conclusion One third of the infants with lowT4/TSH on NBS in this study had permanent CH. These results emphasize the importance of T4-based assay methods, subsequent (repeat) screens and long-term follow-up in the management of neonates with lowT4/TSH on newborn screen.
Improving Efficiency in Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) Treatment with Use of Specially Designed Implanted Apheresis Port

Significance/Background Use of tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) or peripheral intravenous access (PIV) for ECP can lead to increased risk of infection and cause discomfort to patients with repeated needle sticks. Previous implanted apheresis ports, such as the Vortex (VP) implanted port caused discomfort for patient when accessed, had no stabilizing device/dressing during treatment, and blood flow was positional. Due to positional flow of the implanted apheresis ports, a significant amount of alteplase/cathflo was needed frequently to establish brisk blood flow needed to perform the procedure. Purpose The goal of the ECP nursing staff was to find a more comfortable product that could be used in patients receiving regular ECP therapy that provided a smooth uninterrupted treatment. The focus was on getting the new device placed in patients beginning ECP over the last 18 months. Intervention The product representative provided education tools and assisted in training using Bard's new PowerFlow (PF) implanted apheresis port to the ECP nursing staff. Education and training was also provided to the Interventional Radiology providers placing the device. Practice was completed on use of product and competency verified on patient port access. Currently, >85% of active ECP patients have PF implanted apheresis device. Also patients with long term VPs were exchanged to PF ports. Evaluation Since the establishment of the PF in 09/2017, alteplase/cathflo use has decreased from 6.8% in VPs to Discussion/Innovation The decrease in uninterrupted collections, such as early buffy coat collections, in both total number and low volume
Generation of References by Minimum Norm Projection Operators for Frequency Dependent Subtraction Method in Fetal Biological Signals

SUBTR, a frequency dependent subtraction method, is developed to remove mMCG and fMCG interference from fMEG data. But, in order to protect fMEG while attenuating fMCG, channels around the fetal head cannot be used in the subtraction and SUBTR will leave cardiac residual. We propose an algorithm that will use the channels around fetal head but will subtract only the fMCG signal components leaving any other signal included in these channels. We create fMCG only signals using MNPO and use it as a reference in the frequency dependent subtraction. After testing on 12 datasets where SUBTR has low fMCG attenuation performance, the algorithm is shown to remove fMCG interference better than SUBTR.
Reflecting on South Africa's Attempt to Withdraw from the Rome Statute in Favour of Immunities for Sitting Heads of State: An Analysis of the International Crimes Bill 2017

This article reflects on South Africa's International Crimes Bill 2017 in relation to the customary international law immunities of sitting heads of states. It revisits the discussion on these immu...
Doing what the early Church did

The Liturgical Movement often supported its innovations by saying that they were a return to what the early Church did. Now that more recent research has shown at least some of these claims to be u...
Deep Learning Tubes for Tube MPC

Learning-based control aims to construct models of a system to use for planning or trajectory optimization, e.g. in model-based reinforcement learning. In order to obtain guarantees of safety in this context, uncertainty must be accurately quantified. This uncertainty may come from errors in learning (due to a lack of data, for example), or may be inherent to the system. Propagating uncertainty forward in learned dynamics models is a difficult problem. In this work we use deep learning to obtain expressive and flexible models of how distributions of trajectories behave, which we then use for nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC). We introduce a deep quantile regression framework for control that enforces probabilistic quantile bounds and quantifies epistemic uncertainty. Using our method we explore three different approaches for learning tubes that contain the possible trajectories of the system, and demonstrate how to use each of them in a Tube MPC scheme. We prove these schemes are recursively feasible and satisfy constraints with a desired margin of probability. We present experiments in simulation on a nonlinear quadrotor system, demonstrating the practical efficacy of these ideas.
The Problem of Daily Imaging in the Intensive Care Unit: When You Care So Much It Hurts

As the economic and clinical fragilities of the world make themselves known during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of resource use rises to the forefront of health care professionals' minds The authors look on the compelling example by Maley and Stevens regarding a case where routine diagnostic examinations turned into a near-miss event They argue that not only are seemingly innocuous care practices, such as daily chest radiographs (CXRs), expensive and inefficient, but also that significant underappreciated harms, including inappropriate interventions based on inaccurate results, abound A systematic review of 9 studies also revealed no harm associated with a restrictive CXR strategy A study of an intervention to reduce routine CXRs in a cardiac surgery ICU showed similar results: nearly 11% of patients had unexpected, clinically relevant findings discovered on routine CXRs,4 although clinical outcomes were not affected Furthermore, the bottom line seems to be that it is possible to reduce routine CXRs in the ICU, and although a few findings might be missed, it does not seem to alter patients' outcomes
Shopping dreams: Oneiric imagination, consumption, and identity projects among US young adults:

Scholars working in consumer culture studies have long recognized the significance of the imagination in directing consumption. Largely unconsidered in such studies, however, is nighttime dreaming,...
Feasibility and Consistency of Results with Deployment of an In-Line Filter for Exercise-Based Evaluations of Patients With Heart Failure During the Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic.

Abstract Background Exercise testing plays an important role in evaluating heart failure prognosis and selecting patients for advanced therapeutic interventions. However, concern for severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus-2 transmission during exercise testing has markedly curtailed performance of exercise testing during the novel coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Methods and Results To examine the feasibility to conducting exercise testing with an in-line filter, 2 healthy volunteer subjects each completed 2 incremental exercise tests, one with discrete stages of increasing resistance and one with a continuous ramp. Each subject performed 1 test with an electrostatic filter in-line with the system measuring gas exchange and air flow, and 1 test without the filter in place. Oxygen uptake and minute ventilation were highly consistent when evaluated with and without use of an electrostatic filter with a >99.9% viral efficiency. Conclusions Deployment of a commercially available in-line electrostatic viral filter during cardiopulmonary exercise testing is feasible and provides consistent data compared with testing without a filter.
Epidemiology and Characteristics of People with Injury Due to Volatile Substance Use to Induce Euphoria.

Unhealthy substance use is a public health challenge. Much of the focus of interventions is upon narcotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, central nervous system depressants, and alcohol. However, inha...
Introduction: Ecological Subsidies as a Framework for Understanding Contaminant Fate, Exposure, and Effects at the Land-Water Interface

Ecologists have long recognized that ecological subsidies (the flow of organic matter, nutrients, and organisms between ecosystems) can strongly affect ecosystem processes and community structure in the recipient ecosystem. Animal movements, organic matter flows, and food web dynamics between linked aquatic and terrestrial systems can also influence contaminant fate, exposure, and effects at the land-water interface. Here and in this book, we develop a broad framework that highlights two important ways that ecological subsidies and contaminants interact. Ecological subsidies from the donor system can drive exposure to recipient systems, and contaminant exposures in the donor system can control subsidies and contaminant fluxes to the recipient systems. In the case of prey movement between ecosystems, subsidies drive exposure when contaminants present in aquatic environments bioaccumulate in the tissues of prey organisms at levels that are relatively non-toxic to the prey themselves. Conversely, exposure in the aquatic system can limit subsidies when pollutants are relatively toxic to prey organisms themselves and the magnitude of the subsidy (i.e., biomass of aquatic insects emerging to the terrestrial environment) is reduced. These effects of contaminants on subsidies are shaped by other global stressors that are ubiquitous in aquatic-riparian ecosystems (e.g., climate and land use change, species extinction and invasion, and eutrophication). As our understanding of these ecological and toxicological processes advances, there are increasing opportunities to make landscape-scale predictions of contaminant and animal fluxes and to integrate this knowledge of aquatic-riparian linkages into managing contaminant risks. Through these efforts to integrate the fields of ecology and ecotoxicology on this subject, we expect to gain greater insight on the ecological effects of contaminants on linked ecosystems as well as the ways in which food web dynamics and ecosystem processes can themselves govern the fate, transport, and exposure to contaminants in the environment.
Civil society as anti-populism? Countering the populist threat and campaigning for change in the discourse of EU-level CSOs

Populism emerges on the terrain of modern civil society, and yet it ultimately entails existential risks for civil society’s fundamentals: populism’s essentialist stance betrays a deep tension with the principle of plurality upon which civil society and liberal democracy are founded. This chapter focuses on the work of EU-Level CSOs, which have emerged as key actors in the anti-discrimination fight at the communitarian level over the last years. Their work involves campaigning tasks such as mapping discriminatory acts, re-framing of public discourse, and lobbying at the European level. Drawing on a document and text analysis, the chapter explores the work of EU-based NGOs and asks to what extent they build a counter-narrative, alternative to the exclusionary discourse implemented especially by right-wing politics. To this end, this chapter focuses on the main EU-Level CSOs working on gender, race, religion, and migration.
Induction Coaches’ Experiences with Video-Augmented Coaching in a Video Club Model

This study examines the results of the first phase of a multi-year programme to integrate the use of video to support induction coaches in a suburban school district. Seven coaches participated in ...
Critical Review of Polyphosphate and Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms for Agricultural Water Quality Management

Despite ongoing management efforts, phosphorus (P) loading from agricultural landscapes continues to impair water quality. Wastewater treatment research has enhanced our knowledge of microbial mechanisms influencing P cycling, especially regarding microbes known as polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that store P as polyphosphate (polyP) under oxic conditions and release P under anoxic conditions. However, there is limited application of PAO research to reduce agricultural P loading and improve water quality. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify articles in Web of Science on polyP and its use by PAOs across five disciplines (i.e., wastewater treatment, terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and agriculture). We also summarized research that provides preliminary support for PAO-mediated P cycling in natural habitats. Terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and agriculture disciplines had fewer polyP and PAO articles compared to wastewater treatment, with agriculture consistently having the least. Most meta-analysis articles did not overlap disciplines. We found preliminary support for PAOs in natural habitats and identified several knowledge gaps and research opportunities. There is an urgent need for interdisciplinary research linking PAOs, polyP, and oxygen availability with existing knowledge of P forms and cycling mechanisms in natural and agricultural environments to improve agricultural P management strategies and achieve water quality goals.
Scrooge: A Cost-Effective Deep Learning Inference System

Advances in deep learning (DL) have prompted the development of cloud-hosted DL-based media applications that process video and audio streams in real-time. Such applications must satisfy throughput and latency objectives and adapt to novel types of dynamics, while incurring minimal cost. Scrooge, a system that provides media applications as a service, achieves these objectives by packing computations efficiently into GPU-equipped cloud VMs, using an optimization formulation to find the lowest cost VM allocations that meet the performance objectives, and rapidly reacting to variations in input complexity (e.g., changes in participants in a video). Experiments show that Scrooge can save serving cost by 16-32% (which translate to tens of thousands of dollars per year) relative to the state-of-the-art while achieving latency objectives for over 98% under dynamic workloads.
The Sero-prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Finishing Swine in Iowa

1 The Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, current address: Office of the Chief Veterinary Officer, Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – Australia 2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1710B Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames. Iowa, 50010, USA. Phone 515-2948790, fax.515-294-8793, x2mckean@iastate.edu.
BOLVAPS/LIPORS experiments on PBFA-II

BOLVAPS/LIBORS lithium ion source experiments have as a goal the development of a preformed lithium anode plasma layer from which an ion beam can be generated immediately upon the arrival of the generate power pulse. BOLVAPS (Boil-Off Lithium VAPor Source) is a technique for making a thin layer of Li vapor by rapid ohmic heating of a thin-film laminate, one layer of which contains Li. LIBORS (Laser Ionization Based On Resonance Saturation) is a technique for ionizing Li using light tuned to the 670.8-nm Li transition. Several changes have been made to the center of PBFA-II to accommodate this experiment. A separate pulsed power system was built, capable of delivering over 1 MA of heating current, with a risetime less than 1 mu s, from a remote capacitor bank to the anode located in vacuum. An optical line was built connecting the 100-J LIBORS laser to the diode. The anode itself was split in half, and the beam diagnostics package was redesigned. Additional diagnostics were installed to verify creation of a uniform anode plasma on the anode surface. >
Using Networked Information to Create Educational Guided Paths

The extensive and encyclopedic materials found on the World-Wide Web must be tailored and contextualized to support the instructional goals of education. We have explored the concept of “guided paths,” ordered lists of pages independent of the existing Web structure, and have implemented a prototype, Walden’s Paths. In addition to creating paths, a teacher may annotate the individual pages of a path to provide transition, emphasis, and missing explanation. In addition, some limited interactivity and control over the display of remote information is possible in our prototype. Walden’s Paths works with standard Web browsers and servers so it can be integrated into an educational setting using existing hardware and software.
Artificial intelligence and the evidentiary process: The challenges of formalism and computation

The tension between rule and judgment is well known with respect to the meaning of substantive legal commands. The same conflict is present in fact finding. The law penetrates to virtually all aspects of human affairs; irtually any interaction can generate a legal conflict. Accurate fact finding about such disputes is a necessary condition for the appropriate application of substantive legal commands. Without accuracy in fact finding, the law is unpredictable, and thus individuals cannot efficiently accommodate their affairs to its commands. The need for accuracy and predictability in legal fact finding has generated a search for formal tools to apply to the task. Among the tools that have been examined are Bayes' Theorem and expected utility theory (Bayesian or statistical decision theory). These tools do not map well onto trials, which in turn has generated an examination of alternative approaches, in particular the story model and the relative plausibility theory. This paper discusses these issues in turn. It elaborates the basic structure of trials in the American tradition; examines the uneasy relationship between trials and such formalisms as Bayes' Theorem and expected utility theory; and introduces the relative plausibility theory as an explanation of the nature of juridical proof.
Applicability of the position-dependent diffusion approach to localized transport through disordered waveguides

In this work we show analytically and numerically that the localized regime of wave transport can be modeled as position-dependent diffusion with a diffusion coefficient that retains the memory of the source location. The dependence on the source diminishes when absorption is introduced.
Processing MPI Datatypes Outside MPI

The MPI datatype functionality provides a powerful tool for describing structured memory and file regions in parallel applications, enabling noncontiguous data to be operated on by MPI communication and I/O routines. However, no facilities are provided by the MPI standard to allow users to efficiently manipulate MPI datatypes in their own codes. We present MPITypes , an open source, portable library that enables the construction of efficient MPI datatype processing routines outside the MPI implementation. MPITypes enables programmers who are not MPI implementors to create efficient datatype processing routines. We show the use of MPITypes in three examples: copying data between user buffers and a "pack" buffer, encoding of data in a portable format, and transpacking. Our experimental evaluation shows that the implementation achieves rates comparable to existing MPI implementations.
Analysts¡ Herding Propensity: Theory and Evidence from Earnings Forecasts

We model and estimate analysts' herding propensity with I/B/E/S annual earnings forecast data. Compared to prior studies, our paper has three unique features. First, we estimate analysts' true posterior beliefs of a firm's earnings assuming rational expectations rather than using analysts' own prior forecasts. Second, we estimate analysts' herding propensity at aggregate and the analyst levels rather than the forecast level. Third, we perform out-of-sample rather than in-sample tests on the usefulness of our herding propensity estimates. We document pervasive herding behavior. At the aggregate level, we find that herding propensity is positively related to forecast horizon and analyst coverage, but negatively related to analysts' general experience and brokerage size. At the analyst level, we find that about 75% (15%) of the analysts in our sample tend to herd (anti-herd). Moreover, our in-sample herding propensity estimates are useful in explaining the cross-sectional variation in analysts' out-of-sample herding behavior and forecast accuracy.
Feeding and Growth of Larval Pacific Lamprey Reared in Captivity

AbstractPacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus are declining in the Columbia River basin as well as in much of their broader range. To mitigate for reductions in abundance, strategies such as hatchery propagation and captive rearing of lamprey larvae are currently being considered. We conducted a series of experiments using captive larval Pacific Lampreys at Eagle Creek National Fish Hatchery to investigate the effect of different food types and different food concentrations on the growth of larvae. In our first experiment, we evaluated the growth of larvae (TL range, 59–145 mm) given four different food types (algae, leaves, yeast–larval fish food, and salmon carcass analogs) and a control group that was not fed. Assimilation of food types was evaluated by tracking unique stable isotope signatures of δ13C and δ15N within larval tissues. Results from experiment 1 indicated that lampreys fed a diet of salmon carcass analog or algae had positive growth (up to 0.16 mm/d and 42% proportional change in lengt...
Agency and Responsibility in Aristotle’s Eudemian Ethics

I argue that Aristotle’s account of voluntary action focuses on the conditions under which one is the efficient cause of one’s actions qua individual. I also argue that Aristotle’s conception of the efficient cause of an action brings in certain normative features which support evaluative judgments and the practice of praise and blame even in the case of non-rational animals. In the case of rational agents, this practice involves a further normative layer: they can be praised or blamed not only for acting in a certain way, but also for being, and having become, individuals of a certain sort.
A megavoltage MTF measurement technique for metal screen-film detectors.

A technique to measure the MTF of metal screen‐film detectors at megavoltage x‐ray energies has been devised. It employs an exposure through a slit 25 μm wide and a method to average numerous line spread functions from a single film image. That the slit is wide compared to those used at diagnostic x‐ray energies serves two purposes: it facilitates the use of a laser alignment procedure designed to ensure correct orientation of the slit‐forming tungsten blocks in the x‐ray beam, and it also increases the contrast in the slit image, thereby reducing the data analysis problems caused by film noise. Further reduction in the effects of film noise is accomplished by the averaging method. A correction is made to account for the effect of the wide slit on the MTF. The validity of this correction, the laser alignment, and the averaging method have been confirmed by simulations.
Effect of Coprecipitated Metal Ions on the Electrochemistry of Nickel Hydroxide Thin Films: Cyclic Voltammetry in 1M KOH

Binary 9:1 composite hydroxides of nickel with 13 other metals were prepared by cathodic electrocoprecipitation from metal nitrate solutions and characterized by cyclic voltammetry in . Under these conditions, coprecipitated Ce, Fe, and La strongly catalyzed the oxygen evolution reaction. Conversely, Cd, Pb, and Zn poisoned this reaction. The hydrogen evolution reaction was less affected by the coprecipitated metals; Ag and Pb had a catalytic effect on this reaction. Co and Mn shifted the nickel hydroxide redox potentials to more cathodic values. In contrast, Cd, Ce, Cr, Fe, La, Y, and Zn each shifted these redox potentials anodically. The coulombic efficiency of the oxidation‐reduction process was substantially lowered by Ce, Fe, and La.
On holographic imaging with long wavelength fields

Holograms recorded at microwave, acoustic, and other long wavelengths inherently produce image distortion when reconstruction is accomplished at visible wavelengths. A technique is presented for the reduction or elimination of this primary distortion.
CAI tutorial method of teaching Thermodynamics at U.S. Naval Academy.

A computer-assisted instruction in Thermodynamics developed during the past two years at the U. S. Naval Academy has been used for teaching a number of midshipmen individually . An IBM 1500 instructional system is used in which each midshipman is provided with a terminal, with a cathode ray tube (complete with a typewriter keyboard, and a light pen), and an image projector. The instructional material, optional supplementary instruction, questions and tests are presented to each midshipman individually, enabling him to proceed at his own demand and pace. Detailed records of each section of material are stored in the computer and will enable the instructors to review each midshipman's progress through the course.The content of the course, the background of the midshipmen, as well as the equipment which the system comprises in use is described. The overall logic and approach to the course is discussed. The method of development of programmed material and a study of its effectiveness toward the stated goals along with recommendations, are also included.
Pichia anomala (Candida pelliculosa) Fungemia in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease

This case report discusses a patient with sickle cell disease who presented with fungemia from Pichia anomala (teleomorph: Candida pelliculosa). The organism was identified as P. anomala by MALDI-TOF VITEK mass spectrometry and VITEK 2 yeast identification card. Pichia anomala should be considered in sickle cell patients with recurrent fungemia.
The role of dorsal striatal GABAA receptors in dopamine agonist-induced behavior and neuropeptide gene expression

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether GABA(A) receptors in the dorsal striatum regulate basal or stimulant-induced behaviors. Correspondingly, the question of possible GABA(A) receptor control of neuropeptide mRNA expression in nigrostriatal neurons was addressed. The GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline, was unilaterally or bilaterally microinjected into the dorsal striatum of rats in a series of 3 studies. In the first study, unilateral administration of 10-50 ng/microliter of bicuculline did not alter behavior. However, 250 ng/microliter bicuculline produced motor dyskinesias and/or seizures. In the second study, 100 ng/microliter bicuculline administered unilaterally prior to saline or amphetamine treatment, produced mild twitching in 61% of rats but did not affect amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced behavioral activity, specifically rearing and sniffing. In the third study, 75 ng/microliter of bicuculline was administered unilaterally or bilaterally into the striatum in two separate experiments. Administration of bicuculline either unilaterally or bilaterally produced mild transient twitching of the forelimbs but did not affect behaviors induced by the selective D(1) receptor agonist SKF-82958 (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.). Three hours after unilateral bicuculline administration, the brains were removed and processed for quantitative in situ hybridization. Bicuculline did not significantly affect the basal or SKF-82958-induced increase in preprodynorphin or substance P mRNA expression in striatonigral neurons on the side of injection. These data suggest that blockade of GABA(A) receptors in the dorsal striatum does not affect dopamine agonist-stimulated behaviors or neuropeptide mRNA expression in striatonigral neurons in the rat striatum.
Combined compile-time and runtime-driven, pro-active data movement in software DSM systems

Scientific applications contain program sections that exhibit repetitive data accesses. This paper proposes combined compile-time/runtime data reference analysis techniques that exploit repetitive data access behavior in both regular and irregular program sections. We present a new compiler algorithm to detect such repetitive data references and an API to an underlying software distributed shared memory (software DSM) system to orchestrate the learning and pro-active reuse of communication patterns. We evaluate the combined compile-time/runtime system on a selection of OpenMP applications, exhibiting both regular and irregular data reference patterns, resulting in average performance improvement of 28.1% on 8 processors.
On the variational method in the direct integration of the transient structural response

Hamilton's principle is used in an extended form to construct a so-called consistent integration operator for the transient response in structural dynamics. The stability and accuracy properties of the method are discussed in detail. Finally, it is shown how the algorithm can be modified to provide it with unconditional stability without significant alteration of its accuracy properties.
Quantitative analysis of cardiac imaging using expert systems

The automatic identification of precise left ventricular endocardial surfacing using echocardiography and cardiac MRI for the quantification of ejection fraction continues to be difficult. Standard image processing techniques have not been completely successful, principally because not all edge data directly corresponds to anatomical boundaries. Trained physicians must use considerable a priori information regarding normal human anatomy to `fill in' the missing details of a typical cardiac study. In this paper, we describe a new method to identify borders within medical images that incorporates an expert system based approach. Throughout the design of this approach, we maintained the following constraints: the system must easily capture expert information from multiple experts, over a variety of cardiac image formats, be trainable on any patient, and once trained provide fast execution times. The method was initially tested on echocardiographic images. Using a series of 2D echo image sequences, an expert traced endo- and epicardial edges in order to 'teach' the computer which pixels were myocardium and which were left ventricular cavity; each identified pixel was then convolved so as to amplify correlations found between the pixel and its neighbors. The result, applied prospectively at near real time speed, identified all pixels as being myocardium, left ventricular cavity or uncertain. As a consequence, endocardial borders were generated. These borders were then used to calculate systolic and diastolic areas and an area ejection fraction which proved to be within 2% of an expert traced and calculated area ejection fraction. These findings suggest this method holds promise for the capturing of expert knowledge of 2D cardiac ultrasound interpretation, and, through preliminary testing, we have shown its potential in the segmentation of 3D cardiac MRI volume sets for subsequent analysis and display.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Study in the Origins of Interstate Rendition: The Big Beaver Creek Murders

ON March 9, I791, near the confluence of Big Beaver Creek and the Ohio River in western Pennsylvania four Delaware Indians were murdered by a band of Virginians. Political currents thereby set in motion inspired the Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery to demand on May I3, I79I, that persons accused of kidnapping a Negro in Pennsylvania be extradited from Virginia. The ultimate result was a congressional bill approved by the President on February I2, I793, entitled "An Act respecting fugitives from justice, and persons escaping from the services of their masters." Thus the Second Congress of the United States under the Constitution very obviously packaged together fugitive criminals and fugitive slaves. Oddly enough, however, from the historical point of view, studies purporting to explain the origins of the statute stress never both but always either fugitive criminals or fugitive slaves. In the classical treatise on interstate rendition, for example, John Bassett Moore found that the abolition of slavery made it unnecessary to discuss any but the criminal aspects of the act.1 Historians, on the other hand, have been almost entirely concerned with its aspects relating to fugitive slaves.2 Consequently, materials have been overlooked and interpretations have in turn lacked the balanced perspective which larger bodies of facts can always supply. Since the act remains substantially unchanged today with respect to fugitive criminals and since its provisions respecting fugitive slaves are of considerable historical importance, its two aspects deserve concomitant development. The story of the murders on Big Beaver Creek is a proper beginning.
Alcohol increases the expression of type 1, but not type 2α corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat hypothalamus

We investigated the ability of a moderately intoxicating dose of alcohol (3 g/kg, injected i.p. 3 h earlier) to up-regulate the genetic expression of CRF receptor type 1 (CRF-R1) and 2 (CRF-R2α) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus as well as in the amygdala. The mRNA encoding CRF-R1 was not constitutively expressed in the PVN or the SON but was present in the amygdala. Alcohol selectively up-regulated CRF-R1 transcripts in the PVN. Basal levels of CRF-R2α transcripts were present in the limbic system and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus but were not altered by alcohol. We then determined whether the up-regulation of hypothalamic CRF-R1 mRNA levels was functionally connected to CRF-dependent pathways. We first showed that the i.c.v. injection of CRF significantly (P<0.01) increased CRF-R1 but not CRF-R2α mRNA levels. We then injected the CRF antagonist, astressin, i.c.v. 30 min prior to alcohol, at a dose previously shown to completely block many CRF-dependent events in the brain, and found that it did not significantly interfere with alcohol-induced gene expression of PVN CRF-R1. These results indicate that acute alcohol treatment selectively activates CRF-R1 in the endocrine hypothalamus and that this response does not appear to depend on the stimulation of CRF receptors. In contrast, no up-regulation of CRF-R1 or CRF-R2α gene expression was observed in extrahypothalamic regions thought to participate in the behavioral influence of alcohol.
Predicting microbial growth

Cellular functions result from biochemical interactions among thousands of components within the cell. The growing availability of annotated genome sequences and a plethora of biochemical data allow these interactions to be assembled on a genome scale for model microorganisms. This detailed biochemical information can be converted into a computational model—a genome-scale model, or GEM ( 1 )—that allows phenotypic functions to be predicted. Both environmental and genetic parameters are explicitly accounted for in GEMs, enabling increasingly accurate predictions of the genotype-phenotype relationship in a given environment.
Trpv1 mediates spontaneous firing and heat sensitization of cutaneous primary afferents after plantar incision

TrpV1, the receptor for capsaicin, contributes to nociception in animals but appears to be much more important for signaling increased behavioral sensitivity in the injured state. The current study examined the relationship between the marked reduction in heat hyperalgesia after incision in TrpV1 knockout (KO) mice and the activity of the nociceptors in these same mice. Also, the role of TrpV1 in spontaneous activity (SA) of afferents after incision was examined. Standard teased-fiber techniques were used to record from glabrous skin afferents from incised and control TrpV1 KO and C57Bl6 mice. The loss of TrpV1 had minimal effect on the responses of mechano-heat-sensitive C-fiber afferents in the normal and incised states. However, a different group of heat sensitive afferents, termed unclassified afferents, was sensitized to heat by incision and had markedly reduced sensitization in the TrpV1 KO mice. These unclassified afferents also developed SA after incision, and generally had a lower threshold temperature compared to unclassified afferents without SA. The rate of SA was inversely correlated to the threshold temperature for heat; afferents that exhibited a higher rate of SA had a lower heat threshold. The proportion of unclassified afferents with SA was also reduced in incised TrpV1 KO mice compared to incised C57Bl6 mice. We conclude that a distinct class of afferents outside the mechano-heat-sensitive afferent population likely contributes to heat hypersensitivity after plantar incision. KO of TrpV1 influences SA in these unclassified afferents in incised skin. SA in these afferents is perhaps a manifestation of heat sensitization.