cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do parents provide a helping hand to vocabulary development in bilingual children

Monolingual children identify referents uniquely in gesture before they do so with words, and parents translate these gestures into words. Children benefit from these translations, acquiring the words that their parents translated earlier than the ones that are not translated. Are bilingual children as likely as monolingual children to identify referents uniquely in gesture; and do parental translations have the same positive impact on the vocabulary development of bilingual children? Our results showed that the bilingual children - dominant in English or in Spanish - were as likely as monolingual children to identify referents uniquely in gesture. More importantly, the unique gestures, when translated into words by the parents, were as likely to enter bilingual and monolingual children's speech - independent of language dominance. Our results suggest that parental response to child gesture plays as crucial of a role in the vocabulary development of bilingual children as it does in monolingual children.
Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide prevents hyperoxia-induced airway remodeling in a neonatal mouse model

Reactive airway diseases are significant sources of pulmonary morbidity in neonatal and pediatric patients. Supplemental oxygen exposure in premature infants contributes to airway diseases such as ...
Knowledge Transfers in Alliances: Exploring the Facilitating Role of Information Technology

Although firms in many industries have been forming alliances at an increasing rate in their effort to develop new competencies by learning from their partners, many alliances fail to achieve their...
A 100 m population grid in the CONUS by disaggregating census data with open-source Microsoft building footprints

In the Big Data era, Earth observation is becoming a complex process integrating physical and social sectors. This study presents an approach to generating a 100 m population grid in the Contiguous...
A 24-Channel Digitizer With a JESD204B-Compliant Serial Interface for High-Speed Detectors

A 24-channel application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for the readout of high-speed CMOS active pixel sensors for charged particle detection is presented. The chip comprises 24 preamplifiers, 24 distinct 12-bit, 25 MSPS Pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with self-calibration, an internal phase-locked loop (PLL), and a 3 Gbps serial interface that conforms to the JESD204B standard. To simplify interfacing with a variety of sensors, the ASIC also includes an automatic offset calibration loop. The high level of integration of the ASIC reduces overall system cost and area, and exploiting the signal characteristics of the image sensor allows the ADC to be optimized for reduced power dissipation. The use of an integrated serializer and an industry standard protocol simplifies integration of the ASIC into a complete camera system. The ASIC, called the High-Speed Image Preprocessor Targeted for Electron Readout, or HIPSTER, with a die area of 64.26 mm2, is packaged in a 480-ball grid array (BGA) and is fabricated in 180-nm CMOS technology. HIPSTER achieves typical differential nonlinearity (DNL) $114.5~\mu \text{V}$ -rms, and a bit error rate (BER) of better than 10−14. The power dissipation is 98 mW/channel.
Progression and transmission of HIV (PATH 4.0)-A new agent-based evolving network simulation for modeling HIV transmission clusters.

We present the Progression and Transmission of HIV (PATH 4.0), a simulation tool for analyses of cluster detection and intervention strategies. Molecular clusters are groups of HIV infections that are genetically similar, indicating rapid HIV transmission where HIV prevention resources are needed to improve health outcomes and prevent new infections. PATH 4.0 was constructed using a newly developed agent-based evolving network modeling (ABENM) technique and evolving contact network algorithm (ECNA) for generating scale-free networks. ABENM and ECNA were developed to facilitate simulation of transmission networks for low-prevalence diseases, such as HIV, which creates computational challenges for current network simulation techniques. Simulating transmission networks is essential for studying network dynamics, including clusters. We validated PATH 4.0 by comparing simulated projections of HIV diagnoses with estimates from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) for 2010–2017. We also applied a cluster generation algorithm to PATH 4.0 to estimate cluster features, including the distribution of persons with diagnosed HIV infection by cluster status and size and the size distribution of clusters. Simulated features matched well with NHSS estimates, which used molecular methods to detect clusters among HIV nucleotide sequences of persons with HIV diagnosed during 2015–2017. Cluster detection and response is a component of the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic strategy. While surveillance is critical for detecting clusters, a model in conjunction with surveillance can allow us to refine cluster detection methods, understand factors associated with cluster growth, and assess interventions to inform effective response strategies. As surveillance data are only available for cases that are diagnosed and reported, a model is a critical tool to understand the true size of clusters and assess key questions, such as the relative contributions of clusters to onward transmissions. We believe PATH 4.0 is the first modeling tool available to assess cluster detection and response at the national-level and could help inform the national strategic plan.
Can Universities Help “Build Back Better” in Education? The Socially Embedded University Responds to the Covid-19 Pandemic

The high impact disruptions in the external environment caused by the Covid-19 pandemic revealed the socially embedded character of the university. University collaborations with schools during the Pandemic suggest that they are institutions open to their external environment, capable of learning from and with their environment. Drawing on a survey administered to 101 universities around the world, I examine how Universities built partnerships with schools to sustain educational opportunity during the pandemic. The results are informative of the evolving nature of higher education and its mission. They illustrate the responsiveness of universities to societal needs. The findings help us understand how socially connected the university is to its surrounding context, and how it interprets its responsibility to be an engine of social innovation at a time of great unexpected need.
NRMNet: Building a National Resource for Mentorship, Networking and Professional Development to Enhance Diversity.

Background: To address the need for diver­sifying the biomedical research workforce, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the Diversity Program Consor­tium (DPC) with the goal of developing, implementing, assessing, and disseminating interventions and programs to enhance the participation and persistence of individu­als from underrepresented backgrounds in biomedical research careers. Intervention: As part of the DPC initia­tive, the NIH funded the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), which aimed to increase diversity of the biomedical research workforce through culturally responsive mentorship, networking, and professional development. In 2015, the NRMNet portal was developed to provide a broad-based network of mentors who are accessible to diverse mentees across the country. The portal also provides network­ing and professional development resources that support mentee transitions from one career stage to the next. Results: NRMNet is the gateway for career stage-specific mentorship, networking, resources, and professional development programs for trainees across the biomedi­cal, behavioral, clinical, and social sciences. In the first five years, the NRMN strategic recruitment efforts resulted in an expanded network of nearly 13,000 diverse mentors and mentees with NRMN representation in all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Consistently, over the first five years, racial and ethnic diversity was reflected in composition of mentee and mentor groups: 66% of 6,526 mentees and 33% of 3,866 mentors were from underrepresented groups. Conclusions: The NRMNet portal is a promising effort for enhancing participation and continued engagement of undrerepre­sented individuals in biomedical research careers by providing culturally responsive mentorship, networking, and professional development for individuals at all career stages. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(3):469-480; doi:10.18865/ed.31.3.469
The impact of interpersonal traits (extraversion and agreeableness) on consumers’ self-brand connection and communal-brand connection with anthropomorphized brands

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of consumers’ personality traits on self-brand connection and communal-brand connection with anthropomorphized versus objectified brands for high- versus low-involvement product categories. This study contributes to the understanding of human interactive personality traits on self-concept and their behavioral outcomes. Additionally, this study expands the elaboration likelihood model by depicting how personality traits can have different effects in high- versus low-involvement contexts. The results of this study show that consumers higher in extraversion and agreeableness exhibit more favorable behavior toward anthropomorphized brands (compared with objectified brands). Additionally, the effect of extraversion on purchase intention is mediated by self-brand connection and communal-brand connection, whereas agreeableness shows a direct effect on purchase intention. These findings benefit marketers by helping them choose the most appropriate product categories when marketing anthropomorphized brands. Moreover, these findings will help marketers choose the appropriate consumer traits in advertising to increase the level of self-brand connection, communal-brand connection, and purchase intention among their target market.
Relationship satisfaction among spouse caregivers of service members and veterans with comorbid mild traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder.

This study examined relationship satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among spouse caregivers assisting service members and veterans (SMV) with comorbid uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Spouse caregivers (N = 205) completed the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI), 12 HRQOL measures, and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory 4th Edition (MPAI-4). T-scores were classified as "clinically elevated" using a cutoff of ≥60T. The sample was also classified into "Satisfied" (≥13.5, n = 113, 55.0%) or "Dissatisfied" (<13.5, n = 92, 44.0%) relationship categories. Using stepwise regression analysis, Anxiety, Family Disruption, Vigilance, Emotional Support, Feeling Trapped, and MPAI-4 Adjustment were identified as the strongest predictors of CSI total scores (p < 0.001), accounting for 41.6% of the variance. Squared semi-partial correlations revealed that 18.1% of the variance was shared across all six measures, with 7.8% to 1.5% of unique variance accounted for by each measure separately. When comparing the number of clinically elevated measures simultaneously, the Dissatisfied group consistently had a higher number of clinically elevated scores compared to the Satisfied group (e.g., 3-or-more clinically elevated scores: Dissatisfied = 40.2%, Satisfied = 8.8%, OR = 6.93, H = 0.76). Caring for a SMV with comorbid TBI and PTSD can have a profound impact on the spouse caregiver's HRQOL, relationship satisfaction, and family functioning. The findings from the current study continue to support the need for family involvement in the SMV's treatment plan, but more effort is needed to integrate behavioral health treatment that focuses on the family member's own issues into military TBI and PTSD systems of care.
Dislocation cell structures and mechanical properties of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper during wire drawing at various speeds

Etude de l'influence de la vitesse de trefilage (16,9-139,7 mm/s) sur les proprietes mecaniques et la microstructure du cuivre exempt d'oxygene
Dynamic Fracture Mechanics: Energy concepts in dynamic fracture

Introduction Analytical methods based on the work done by applied loads and the changes in the energy of a system that accompany a real or virtual crack advance have been of central importance in the development of fracture mechanics. These methods have provided a degree of unification of seemingly diverse ideas in fracture mechanics, and they have led to procedures of enormous practical significance for the characterization of the fracture behavior of materials. In addition, some of the most elegant theoretical analyses in the field have been those associated with energy methods. In this chapter, energy concepts that are particularly relevant to the study of dynamic fracture processes are considered. The importance of the variation of energy measures during crack growth was recognized by Griffith (1920) in his pioneering discussion of brittle fracture, as outlined in Section 1.1.2. The extension of a crack requires the formation of new surface, he reasoned, with its associated surface energy. Consequently, a crack in a brittle solid should advance when the reduction of the total potential energy of the body during a small amount of crack advance equals the surface energy of the new surface thereby created. For an elastic body containing a crack, the negative of the rate of change of total potential energy with respect to crack dimension is called the energy release rate. This quantity, which is usually denoted by the symbol G , is a function of crack size, in general.
Measuring depression using item response theory: an examination of three measures of depressive symptomatology.

Evaluations of assessment instruments using classical test theory typically rely on indices of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. However, the use of models from item response theory (IRT) allows comparison of instruments (and items) in terms of the information they provide and where they provide it along the continuum of severity of the construct being assessed. Such results help to identify the measures most appropriate for specific clinical and research contexts. The present study examined the functioning of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D), and the nine primary symptoms from the depression module of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Children (K-SADS) using IRT methods. A large sample of adolescents (n = 1,709) completed the BDI, CES-D, and K-SADs. IRT calibration analyses demonstrated that the BDI and CES-D performed well in similar ranges of depressive severity (approximately −1 to +3 SDs), although the BDI provided more information at higher severity levels and the CES-D at lower severity levels. The K-SADS depression items, which are dichotomous and focused on clinical disorder, provided the least information that was restricted to the narrowest range (approximately +1 to +3 SDs). This work finds consistency between past rationale for the use of the BDI in clinical samples while using the CES-D in epidemiological studies. The results for the KSADs suggest that interview measures may benefit from increasing the number of items and/or response options to collect more psychometric information.
Lattice Gauge Theories

In the last few years lattice gauge theory has become the primary tool for the study of nonperturbative phenomena in gauge theories. The lattice serves as an ultraviolet cutoff, rendering the theory well defined and amenable to numerical and analytical work. Of course, as with any cutoff, at the end of a calculation one must consider the limit of vanishing lattice spacing in order to draw conclusions on the physical continuum limit theory. The lattice has the advantage over other regulators that it is not tied to the Feynman expansion. This opens the possibility of other approximation schemes than conventional perturbation theory. Thus Wilson used a high temperature expansion to demonstrate confinement in the strong coupling limit. Monte Carlo simulations have dominated the research in lattice gauge theory for the last four years, giving first principle calculations of nonperturbative parameters characterizing the continuum limit.
Breaking HUGO: the process discovery

This paper describes our experience with the BOSS competition in chronological order. The intention is to reveal all details of our effort focused on breaking HUGO - one of the most advanced steganographic systems ever published. We believe that researchers working in steganalysis of digital media and related fields will find it interesting, inspiring, and perhaps even entertaining to read about the details of our journey, including the dead ends, false hopes, surprises, obstacles, and lessons learned. This information is usually not found in technical papers that only show the final polished approach. This work accompanies our other paper in this volume [9].
Occupancy patterns of western yellow bats (Lasiurus xanthinus) in palm oases in the lower Colorado Desert

Abstract Where their ranges overlap, western yellow bats (Lasiurus xanthinus) often select roost sites in the fronds of native desert fan palms (Washingtonia filifera) as well as in other palm species. Roost occupancy patterns and characteristics of palm trees or palm oases important for roost selection across the Colorado Desert are unknown. We surveyed 41 palm oasis sites throughout the Colorado Desert and found 33 of those locations to have western yellow bat activity, and we confirmed day roosts at 19 sites. Compared to unoccupied palm sites, bats were found roosting in palm oases that were at higher elevations, had evidence of new palm growth, and where palms had a full range of skirt lengths. Our findings have implications for managing palm oases for western yellow bats.
TEACHING AN INFANT TO RUN

Summary.-The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of a power-driven treadmill to improve the running speed of a 13-rno.-old male infant through application of programmed instruction. A changing-criterion design was used to measure the effects of programmed instruction through the power-driven treadmill to bring the running behavior of the infant under stimulus control. Pre- and posttests were taken of free running off the treadmill to determine the effects of generalization of treadmill running to a natural environment. Over a 5-wk. training there was a 58% increase in speed of running and moderate generalization of running on the rreadrnill to running in a natural environment. Running is a phylogenetic skill that develops from a series of prerequisite behaviors, one of which is walking. Prerequisite behaviors such as sitting, standing, walking, etc. are the "building blocks" necessary for the acquisition of more complex locomotor patterns. These general motor patterns relate to functional and more specific motor skills important for vocational and recreational activity. Running, a basic motor skill upon which other more complex locomotor activity elaborates, is vital to adaptation to a variety of environments which require motor activi y. In the past, the development of the phylogenetic skill, for the most part, was thought to be independent of environmental influences (McGraw, 1935). At present, however, there is little information from applied behavioral and instructional technology for interventions which might facilitate development of phylogenetic skills. Specifying how stimulus events which precede a response can come to control responses reliably is an important issue. The paradigm includes a stimulus and behavior which is reinforced when a person responds to the stimulus. The extent to which behavioral interventions have clinical significance frequently rests on whether a response or set of responses can come under stimulus control. A direct application of shaping procedures to develop complex response patterns can be made through programmed instruction (Lindvall & Bolvin, 1967). Application of the shaping procedures has illustrated effective development of discriminative responding to stimulus events which previously have had no control over the response. As a general principle, shaping refers to the 'Request reprints from D. Auxter, Ed.D., Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057-7787.
Contested Loyalties: Dissident Identity Organizations, Institutions, and Social Movements

In this article, the author investigates the innovative survival strategies of two organizations, both of which claim loyalty to parent institutions while simultaneously attempting to undermine those institutions in a larger political arena. The author asks how and why these organizations are able to maintain this precarious position. Findings indicate that the organizations manage to balance institutional insider and outsider status in three main ways: By reinterpreting key institutional texts in ways that support their own beliefs, by claiming to represent the majority of institutional membership, and by distancing themselves from the “corrupted” institutional elites. Their institutional loyalty claims help create a niche in a broader social movement and attracts support from external institutional opponents. But their dual identity also puts them at particular risk of being isolated from supportive communities. In general, these organizations shed light on the creative ways organizations can meet (some...
Thermodynamic instability of Ag/Au and Cu/Pd metal superlattices

Abstract We show how the formation energies of ApBq superlattices with arbitrary periods p and q and layer orientation Ĝ can be predicted via a 'cluster expansion' technique, given the formation energies of short period structures from first-principles calculations. We predict both bulk and epitaxial energies as well as the energies of the fully intermixed (alloyed) superlattices. Applications to Ag/Au and Cu/Pd superlattices illustrate our method, as well as a global classification scheme for superlattice stability.
"Developing good taste in evidence": facilitators of and hindrances to evidence-informed health policymaking in state government.

Context Policymaking is a highly complex process that is often difficult to predict or influence. Most of the scholarship examining the role of research evidence in policymaking has focused narrowly on characteristics of the evidence and the interactions between scientists and government officials. The real-life context in which policymakers are situated and make decisions also is crucial to the development of evidence-informed policy.
How many nights are enough? The short-term stability of sleep parameters in elderly insomniacs and normal sleepers

Temporal stability is an important fundamental quality when measuring sleep parameters, yet it has been infrequently assessed. Generalizability theory was used to estimate the short-term temporal stability of five variables commonly used to characterize insomnia: sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, time in bed, and sleep efficiency. Estimates were calculated for 32 elderly primary insomniacs and 32 elderly normal sleepers, both in the lab and at home, using both sleep logs and polysomnography (PSG). A week of recording using either PSG or sleep logs was typically sufficient to achieve adequate stability (defined as G coefficient of at least 0.80) with some notable exceptions: (a) when using log-derived measures with insomniacs, a 3-week average was necessary for wake after sleep onset and (b) more than a 2-week average was necessary for sleep onset latency. Because of the substantial commitment involved in the physiological recording of sleep, alternative forms of aggregation are considered with the intent of improving temporal stability.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lignocellulose-Degrading Thermophilic Bacterium Geobacillus sp. Strain WSUCF1

ABSTRACT Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 is a thermophilic spore-forming member of the phylum Firmicutes, isolated from a soil sample collected from the compost facility. We report the draft genome sequence of this isolate with an estimated genome size of 3.4 Mb. The genome sequence of this isolate revealed several genes encoding glycoside hydrolases, making it a potential candidate for plant biomass degradation.
Network design strategies applicable to GPS surveys using three or four receivers

Strategies applicable to the design ofGPS surveys involving deployment of either three or four compatible receivers are presented. During aGPS observing session, the receivers operate simultaneously, producing three-dimensional cartesian coordinate differences for the lines interconnecting the receivers. Different strategies provide the network designer with several options for planning the survey. The designer may opt for a survey in which each mark is occupied three times, that is, during three separate observing sessions, or he may elect a more economical survey in which each mark is occupied only twice. The designer may also choose between two fundamentally different network geometries (a loop geometry or an areal geometry) to design a survey compatible with the spatial distribution of network marks. The strategies can be extended to other geometries. The strategies produce efficient networks in that no two marks are jointly occupied for more than one observing session. This feature produces the maximum number of distinct, directly observed lines for the given number of receivers and observing sessions. The strategies also favor observations over those lines connecting marks near one another. This feature helps survey logistics by reducing travel time between observing sessions.
Web warehousing: Web technology meets data warehousing

Abstract This paper discusses the concept and application of Web warehousing—the combination of data warehousing and Web technology. Data warehousing is a critical aspect of decision support systems. The Internet made it possible to apply Web technology to traditional data warehousing, which resulted in improved cost savings and productivity. The relationship between Web warehousing and traditional data warehousing is assessed in detail, revealing the new opportunities and challenges of Web warehousing in business settings. The Web’s contribution to Web warehousing is examined to explain how efficiency improvements are achieved. The integrated data in Web warehousing create a close tie between IT departments and other business functions. Security is also a key issue in Web-based warehouses. To win management support, a Web warehouse team must identify and promote the advantages of Web warehousing. This paper addresses key factors requisite for successful implementation of Web warehousing, thus enabling organizations to benefit from combining data warehousing and Web technology.
Evaluation of wave energy generation from buoy heave response based on linear generator concepts

Previous studies of linear generator power extraction from ocean waves have usually ignored the buoy heave dynamics and taken the linear generator movement to coincide with the wave motion. Here, the actual buoy motion is first determined and then used to solve the coupled hydrodynamic and electromagnetic problem of electrical power generation for both regular and irregular waves. Several buoy sizes are modeled to exploit the buoys' natural frequency in an attempt to create a greater heave response for a given sea state. Power output ranging from 75 to 375 W is predicted for the dimensions chosen.
Nation, Migration, and the Province in the First British Empire: Scotland and the Americas, 1600–1800

This essay will reconsider the experience of one of the most prevalent and certainly among the most prominent of national groups to involve itself with early British America: the Scots and in particular Lowland Scots a group for whom involvement in the Atlantic world everywhere overlapped national concerns.... The nature of those involvements led Scots to traverse both the physical and intellectual markers of national and provincial boundaries within the empire with considerable frequency.... [We] consider some of the national British and European aspects of Scottish participation in the Atlantic world. (EXCERPT)
Misfolded proteins are sorted by a sequential checkpoint mechanism of ER quality control

Misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are degraded by the ER-associated degradation pathway. The mechanisms used to sort them from correctly folded proteins remain unclear. Analysis of substrates with defined folded and misfolded domains has revealed a system of sequential checkpoints that recognize topologically distinct domains of polypeptides. The first checkpoint examines the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins. If a lesion is detected, it is retained statically in the ER and rapidly degraded without regard to the state of its other domains. Proteins passing this test face a second checkpoint that monitors domains localized in the ER lumen. Proteins detected by this pathway are sorted from folded proteins and degraded by a quality control mechanism that requires ER-to-Golgi transport. Although the first checkpoint is obligatorily directed at membrane proteins, the second monitors both soluble and membrane proteins. Our data support a model whereby “properly folded” proteins are defined biologically as survivors that endure a series of distinct checkpoints.
DIS1 and DIS2 play a role in tropisms in Arabidopsis thaliana

To better understand the role of the cytoskeleton in tropisms, we performed studies of gravitropism and phototropism with seedlings of distorted1 (dis1) and distorted2 (dis2) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana which are defective in the ARP (actin related protein) 2/3 complex. The aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that this actin-binding protein family is involved in mechanisms of tropisms in plants. In general, we found that DIS1 has a greater effect on tropisms compared to DIS2. DIS1 enhanced gravitropism in roots of dark-grown seedlings and in inflorescence stems while DIS2 also enhanced gravitropic responses in inflorescences. In contrast, in blue-light-based phototropism, DIS1 attenuated the response in hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings and in red-light-based positive phototropism in roots. Taken together, these studies are the first to suggest that the ARP 2/3 complex, a major family of actin-binding proteins, is involved in the pathways of gravitropism and phototropism.
Hypoxia reduces arylsulfatase B activity and silencing arylsulfatase B replicates and mediates the effects of hypoxia.

This report presents evidence of 1) a role for arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) in mediating intracellular oxygen signaling; 2) replication between the effects of ARSB silencing and hypoxia on sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, cellular redox status, and expression of hypoxia-associated genes; and 3) a mechanism whereby changes in chondroitin-4-sulfation that follow either hypoxia or ARSB silencing can induce transcriptional changes through galectin-3. ARSB removes 4-sulfate groups from the non-reducing end of chondroitin-4-sulfate and dermatan sulfate and is required for their degradation. For activity, ARSB requires modification of a critical cysteine residue by the formylglycine generating enzyme and by molecular oxygen. When primary human bronchial and human colonic epithelial cells were exposed to 10% O2×1 h, ARSB activity declined by ∼41% and ∼30% from baseline, as nuclear hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α increased by ∼53% and ∼37%. When ARSB was silenced, nuclear HIF-1α increased by ∼81% and ∼61% from baseline, and mRNA expression increased to 3.73 (±0.34) times baseline. Inversely, ARSB overexpression reduced nuclear HIF-1α by ∼37% and ∼54% from baseline in the epithelial cells. Hypoxia, like ARSB silencing, significantly increased the total cellular sulfated glycosaminoglycans and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) content. Both hypoxia and ARSB silencing had similar effects on the cellular redox status and on mRNA expression of hypoxia-associated genes. Transcriptional effects of both ARSB silencing and hypoxia may be mediated by reduction in galectin-3 binding to more highly sulfated C4S, since the galectin-3 that co-immunoprecipitated with C4S declined and the nuclear galectin-3 increased following ARSB knockdown and hypoxia.
Network distribution of highly scalable VBR video traffic

We examine some of the implications of the recent introduction of a class of highly scalable video compression algorithms for network distribution. In particular, we investigate statistical multiplexing of highly scalable VBR traffic in high speed networks, characterized by low channel error rates. The superiority of multiple priority shared queuing policies over the most commonly considered two priority approaches is established through simulation studies. We also propose an optimal Earliest Due Date (EDD) scheduling approach, which has decided advantages over shared queuing, when transmission delay and jitter are to be kept very small. This proposed approach involves dynamic modification of EDD scheduling parameters.
Antiangiogenic agents protect liver sinusoidal lining cells from cold preservation injury in rat liver transplantation.

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Low temperature preservation causes unique liver injuries to the sinusoidal lining cells characterized by endothelial cell detachment and rounding and Kupffer cell activation. These changes are similar to those observed during the early stages of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate if cold preservation injury is caused by the activation of angiogenic mechanisms. METHODS: Livers were obtained from rats pretreated with three well-known antiangiogenic agents (minocycline, interferon alfa-2b, and fumagillin) and were stored for various durations in cold preservation solutions. The effects of the drugs were evaluated by morphometric assessment of endothelial cell injury in HE113(5):1692-700)
Determining the minimum number of thin-film force sensors required to represent actual hand grip forces

In this study, the minimal number of sensors needed to measure grip force using thin-film point force sensors is explored. Thin-film sensors were used in conjunction with a strain-gauge instrumented cylindrical handle allowing for the simultaneous measurements of localized point measurements and overall grip force. Analysis of the relationship between the sensors and the handle allowed for the determination of the minimum number thin-film sensors needed to accurately represent the overall grip force behavior. Although 32 locations were studied on four subjects of varying gender and hand size, only the data from sensor placements on the pads of the distal phalanges and the palmar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joints are presented. For these sensor locations, results suggest that four thin-film force sensors can adequately represent the overall grip force with significant accuracy. Minimizing the number of thin-film force sensors used to accurately represent the total grip force behavior is necessary in order to limit sensor bulk in field instrumentation systems that incorporate grip force measures, such as those used to study musculoskeletal disorders like Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS).
Simulation Studies of Latency Measures of Components of the Event‐Related Brain Potential

We compared the accuracy of P300 latency estimates obtained with different procedures under several simulated signal and noise conditions. Both preparatory and signal detection techniques were used. Preparatory techniques included frequency filters and spatial filters (single electrode selection and Vector filter). Signal detection techniques included peak-picking, cross-correlation, and Woody filter. Accuracy in the latency estimation increased exponentially as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. Both Woody filter and cross-correlation provided better estimates than peak-picking, although this advantage was reduced by frequency filtering. For all signal detection techniques, Vector filter provided better estimates than single electrode selection. Large component overlap impaired the accuracy of the estimates obtained with both single electrode selection and Vector filter, but with Vector filter impairment occurred only when the overlapping component had a scalp distribution that was similar to the scalp distribution of the signal component. The effects of varying noise characteristics, P300 duration and latency, and the parameters of Vector filter were also investigated.
Autoregulation of brain blood flow during hypotension and hypertension in infant lambs

To determine the limits of aortic blood pressure in infant lambs for autoregulation of global and regional brain blood flow, we studied 10 unsedated lambs during hypotension and 10 unsedated lambs during hypertension. In lambs 6 to 13 d old, we produced graded changes in aortic blood pressure by inflating a balloon occluder placed around either the inferior vena cava or the descending aorta. Using radiolabeled microspheres, we measured global and regional brain blood flow at the baseline, and then with each graded change in aortic blood pressure. In an additional step, we administered atropine to determine if its antimuscarinic properties alter the fall in brain blood flow with severe hypotension, or alter the rise in brain blood flow with severe hypertension. We concluded that in the unsedated infant lamb, global brain blood flow remains stable between mean aortic blood pressures of 6.0 to 10.0 kPa (45 to 82 torr), a range from approximately 38% below to 12% above normal mean aortic blood pressure. We noted that this autoregulatory range is essentially unchanged from that described for the fetal lamb at 80% of term gestation--even though the mean aortic blood pressure rises during this period of maturation by more than 2.7 kPa (20 torr). We found that the lower limit of autoregulation varies among the different brain regions and is lowest in the thalamus, pons, and medulla. We saw little variation of the upper limit among the brain regions. Finally, we determined that atropine does not alter brain blood flow during severe hypotension or severe hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Partial purification and characterization of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase III fromDictyostelium discoideum

Abstract Dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase III was isolated from cells of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum in the culmination stage of development. The enzyme was purified 18-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and gel filtration chromatography and was shown to have a molecular weight of 158,000 and a sharp pH optimum at pH 10.2 and to be inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The enzyme acted upon the artificial substratearginyl-arginyl-β-naphthylamide, producing arginyl-arginine andβ-naphthylamine but notarginyl-β-naphthylamide. Activity towardarginyl-arginyl-β-naphthylamide was strongly inhibited by physiological concentrations of angiotensin III and, to a lesser extent, by angiotensins I and II and other angiotensin-related peptides but not by enkephalin peptides. Several dipeptides known to inhibit mammalian dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase III also inhibited the Dictyostelium enzyme. Incubation of the enzyme preparation with angiotensins resulted in their conversion into a complex mixture of products. Thus dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase III from Dictyostelium closely resembles the mammalian enzyme in many of its characteristics.
Integrating Brownfields Redevelopment with Transportation Planning

The Small Business Liability and Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2002 reflects a continuing national commitment to redevelop and return brownfields to productive use. As brownfields are being redeveloped, there are a growing number of projects where transportation has played a critical role. Through ten case studies of contemporary brownfield redevelopments, this paper discusses the roles that transportation can play in promoting brownfields redevelopment. The cases show that transportation can either hinder or drive brownfields redevelopment. While obsolete transportation infrastructure makes brownfield corridors or areas less attractive to potential developers, transportation projects strategically designed and located to improve accessibility between brownfield corridors and major economic centers tend to drive brownfields redevelopment. Such projects can be accelerated by including them in the metropolitan and state transportation improvement programs. The cases show that municipal, county, and other officials can proactively use their long-range transportation planning activities to stimulate brownfields redevelopment and accelerate the associated economic, environmental, and social benefits.
EXACTNESS OF SEMICLASSICAL BOUND STATE ENERGIES FOR SUPERSYMMETRIC QUANTUM MECHANICS

We show that the structure of supersymmetric quantum mechanics motivates a modified semiclassical quantization condition for one-dimensional hamiltonians. Writing certain well-known quantum systems in supersymmetric form, we discover that this quantization rule gives the exact energy eigenvalues for several potentials for which conventional WKB does not give exact results.
Monte Carlo studies of two-dimensional percolation

A one-spin flip Ising model is used to provide data on cluster statistics for random and Ising percolation. The concentration p is controlled by the magnetic field. At sufficiently high temperatures the system corresponds to random percolation, and the theoretical formula s/n=(1-p)/p is verified for large clusters at critical concentration pc (s=number of boundary sites). It is also found that the relation is accurately satisfied for all percolating clusters when p>pc but not for Ising percolation at temperature 2Tc. For random percolation with p>pc the finite n-clusters are found to follow an asymptotic decay of the form exp (-b(p)n12/) in accord with theory.
A Mild Protocol To Generate Uranium(IV) Mixed-Ligand Metallocene Complexes using Copper(I) Iodide

Reaction of the trivalent uranium complexes (C5Me5)2UI(THF) (1), (C5Me5)2U[N(SiMe3)2] (3), (C5Me5)2U(NPh2)(THF) (4), and (C5Me5)2U(O-2,6-iPr2-C6H3)(THF) (5) with copper(I) iodide affords the corresponding tetravalent uranium diiodide, amide iodide, and aryloxide iodide complexes (C5Me5)2UI2 (2), (C5Me5)2U[N(SiMe3)2](I) (6), (C5Me5)2U(NPh2)(I) (7) and (C5Me5)2U(O-2,6-iPr2-C6H3)(I) (8), respectively. This protocol was also extended to the synthesis of the alkyl iodide complex (C5Me5)2U(CHPh2)(I) (10). The isolation of complex 10 from the in situ generated trivalent uranium alkyl complex (C5Me5)2U(CHPh2)(THF) (9) illustrates the synthetic value of this oxidation procedure in those situations where the uranium(III) metallocene complex cannot be isolated or is unstable. Overoxidation and ligand redistribution are not observed with this Cu-based UIII → UIV oxidation procedure. Attempted functionalization of the UIV amide iodide complex (C5Me5)2U[N(SiMe3)2](I) (6) with Me2Mg afforded the novel azametallacycle (C...
Sterch-based conditioned flavor preferences in rats: Influence of taste, calories and CS-US delay

Six experiments examined the rat's preference for flavors associated with hydrolysed starch (Polycose) solutions. Hungry rats developed a preference for a flavor (CS+) mixed into a saccharin-sweetened 16% Polycose solution over a flavor (CS-) mixed in saccharin-water. The addition of acarbose, a drug which inhibits starch digestion, to the Polycose solution blocked the flavor preference. This finding indicates that it is the postingestive rather than the taste properties of Polycose that condition flavor preferences. Rats also developed a preference for a CS+ flavor that preceded the ingestion of a Polycose solution by 10 min. This flavor conditioning, however, was not obtained in all experiments. Some CS flavors may be more effective than others in producing conditioned flavor preferences over a delay. Preference conditioning over a delay was facilitated when the rats had previously learned that the taste of the US (Polycose) was not associated with rapid caloric repletion; this was accomplished by giving the rats prior exposure to a Polycose + acarbose solution. Rats with such pre-exposure learned to prefer a CS+ flavor that preceded by 10 to 60 min the consumption of a Polycose solution (without acarbose). The results demonstrate that calorie-based flavor preferences can be conditioned over a delay, but conditioning is influenced by the nature of the CS and US stimuli used.
Presence Deferred: The Name of Jesus and Self-Referential Eschatological Prophecy in Acts 3

In Acts 3, Peter calls God "the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers" (3:13), a surprisingly rare OT appellation occurring thrice in Exodus 3. Acts 3's story of the healed cripple rewrites LXX Exodus 3, reversing various markers of God's presence prominent therein, the most significant of which is God's resistance to being named. Initially calling himself oων (3:14), God ultimately acquiesces to a periphrastic self-designation: the unnamed god of named others (3:15-16). In "Edmond Jabes and the Question of the Book," Jacques Derrida explains why God's presence resists naming: to call something something else involves a conceptualization of being that effaces Being itself. Following this logic, Acts 3's repeated references to "the name of Jesus" (3:6, 16) signify the ascended Christ's absence (1:6-11), whose implications Peter's sermon explores. Although Peter speaks of the eschatological consummation that the "holy prophets" announced (3:20-21), when recalling such a prophecy he quotes from Deuteronomy 18, "the Lord will raise up a prophet like me" (3:22-23), going on to assert that "all prophets" speak of the time when God will do this (3:24). Prophets' prophesy about a time when God will raise up a prophet who, according to 3:24, will prophesy about a time when God will raise up a prophet. This circular prophecy of an eschatological prophet gestures at the infinite deferral of Christ's eschatological presence, or παρoυσiα. In dialogue with Hans Conzelmann, I consider the implications of this and a related episode (Luke 17:22-37) for Lukan eschatology.
Rounding errors in autoregressive processes

Abstract Time series observations are often rounded, but are modelled as though they were continuous and no rounding had occurred. This paper examines the impact of rounding on the estimation of parameters in autoregressive time series models, deriving appropriate adjustments for the estimates of the true parameters when using rounded data. Analytical results are presented for the asymptotic case, and simulation results are reported for the case of moderate sample sizes. The adjustments are simple and easily implemented, and do not require additional parameter estimation beyond the usual maximum likelihood analysis. Based on the findings of our analysis, we offer specific recommendations on how to adjust the parameter estimates in practice for different levels of rounding.
The evolution of a distinguished neuroscience journal

i am honored as I assume the editorship of the Journal of Neurophysiology , which since 1938 has remained one of the foremost journals in the discipline of neuroscience. The Journal contains some of the most important classic manuscripts in the field, including papers by Roger [Sperry (1944][1], [
Testing the REM sleep phasic event intrusion hypothesis of schizophrenia

Middle ear muscle activity (MEMA) and periorbital integrated potentials (PIPs) were recorded during rapid eye movement (REM) periods and during the 10 minutes preceding and following REM periods in normals, schizophrenic patients, and patients with schizoaffective and major depressive disorder. Contrary to the phasic event intrusion hypothesis, we observed no leakage or redistribution of MEMA or PIPs from REM into the surrounding stages of non-REM in the schizophrenic patients. Within REM, MEMA rate distinguished patients with schizophrenia from patients with schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenic patients had higher than normal MEMA rates, whereas the schizoaffective patients had lower than normal MEMA rates.