cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ELECTRONIC MEDIA AND STATE CONTROL: The Case of Azscam

The significance of mass media formats for social control and public order is illustrated with materials from a “sting” operation conducted by the Phoenix Police Department and county control agents against elected state officials in Arizona in 1991. Videotaped materials of lawmakers accepting “bribes” to support a bill legalizing gambling were distributed to the various news media for public presentation before a single trial. The “programming” culminated in 7 (8 percent) members of the legislature resigning, and then being replaced by nonelected officials, without benefit of any court proceedings, with only one legislator opting for a trial. The implications for social control are discussed.
Ecological and Attitudinal Factors in Church Desegregation

The findings hitherto have been that "Protestantism, by its policies and practices ... is actually contributing to the segregation of Negro Americans." (11, p. 8, 36, 47, 53) While there is general agreement with this proposal, the present paper will attempt to show that the race relations policies of selected Protestant churches in Des Moines also seem to be affected by a variety of factors, ecological and attitudinal, such as (a) racial composition of the area in which the church is located, (b) income and occupational distribution of the membership, (c) size and stability of church, (d) whether the church-type is sect or denomination, (e) the position on segregation of the national body with which the local church is affiliated, and (f) the attitude of the minister and local
Threading with explicit models for evolutionary conservation of structure and sequence.

We have attempted to predict the three-dimensional structures of 19 proteins for the CASP3 experiment, each showing less than 25% sequence identity with known structures. Predictions were based on a threading method that aligns the target sequence with the conserved cores of structural templates, as identified from structure–structure alignments of the template with homologous neighbors. Alternative alignments were scored using contact potentials and a position-specific score matrix derived from sequence neighbors of the template. We find that this method identified the correct structural family for 11 of the 19 targets and predicted the remaining 8 targets to be similar to “none” of the templates, avoiding false positives. Threading alignments are relatively accurate for 10 of the 11 targets, including alignments for 6 of 7 identified at CASP3 as fold-recognition targets. These predictions were ranked “first place” by the CASP3 assessor when compared to fold-recognition predictions made by other methods. It appears that threading with family-specific models for structure and sequence conservation has improved threading prediction accuracy. Proteins Suppl 1999;3:133–140. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF A NEEM INSECTICIDE AGAINST ARCHIPS ROSANUS L. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

A commercial formulation of neem seed extract, Margosan-O, containing 0.3% AI azadirachtin, was tested under laboratory and field conditions against the European leafroller, Archips rosanus L. In laboratory tests, a 1% aqueous solution of neem insecticide produced 100% larval mortality within 48 h of treatment. At lower concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01%, 48-h mortality rates were reduced. Prolonged deleterious effects of sublethal treatments of neem were observed even at the lowest concentration (0.001%) tested. Mortality in the 0.1 and 0.01% treatments group reached 100% within 32–39 days after treatment. Field data showed that 3 weeks after application, 1% Margosan-O was as effective as the organophosphate insecticide diazinon and significantly more effective than the microbial insecticide Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis). Larvae exposed to higher concentrations of neem died within 48 h after feeding on treated foliage. At lower rates, feeding deterrence (including cessation of feeding) and growth regulatory effects (e.g. difficulty in molting, abnormal larval growth, and formation of malformed pupae and adults) were recorded.
Amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure

There is a substantial need for a diagnostic tool to aid in the early diagnosis of heart failure and in the recognition of those at risk for its development, as well as in guidance of therapy. Testing for amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been recognized to have utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure. In addition, numerous other applications for NT-proBNP testing are now recognized, such as evaluation of patients with heart disease in the absence of heart failure, as well as the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with acute coronary syndromes or pulmonary thromboembolism.
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA Operon Is Influenced by Translational Coupling and Rho Termination Factor

The trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) regulates expression of the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon by transcription attenuation and translational control mechanisms. Both mechanisms require binding of tryptophan-activated TRAP to 11 (G/U)AG repeats in the trp leader transcript. trpE translational control involves formation of a TRAP-dependent RNA structure that sequesters the trpE Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence (the SD blocking hairpin). By comparing expression levels from trpE'-'lacZ translational fusions controlled by the wild-type leader or by a leader that cannot form the SD blocking hairpin, we found that translational control requires a tryptophan concentration higher than that required for transcription attenuation. We also found that inhibition of trpE translation by the SD blocking hairpin does not alter the stability of the downstream message. Since the coding sequences for trpE and trpD overlap by 29 nucleotides, we examined expression levels from trpED'-'lacZ translational fusions to determine if these two genes are translationally coupled. We found that introduction of a UAA stop codon in trpE resulted in a substantial reduction in expression. Since expression was partially restored in the presence of a tRNA suppressor, our results indicate that trpE and trpD are translationally coupled. We determined that the coupling mechanism is TRAP independent and that formation of the SD blocking hairpin regulates trpD translation via translational coupling. We also constructed a rho mutation to investigate the role of Rho-dependent termination in trp operon expression. We found that TRAP-dependent formation of the SD blocking hairpin allows Rho access to the nascent transcript, causing transcriptional polarity.
Neurodevelopment and Predictors of Outcomes of Children With Birth Weights of Less Than 1000 g: 1992-1995

Objective To examine the neurosensory and cognitive status of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW; Design An inception cohort of ELBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and observed to 20 months' corrected age. Setting A tertiary level urban NICU and follow-up clinic at a university hospital. Population Of 333 ELBW infants without major congenital malformations admitted to the NICU, 241 (72%) survived to 20 months' corrected age. We studied 221 children (92%) at a mean of 20 months' corrected age. The mean birth weight was 813 g; mean gestational age, 26.4 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Assessments of cognitive and neurosensory development. Results Major neurosensory abnormality was present in 54 children (24%), including 33 (15%) with cerebral palsy, 20 (9%) with deafness, and 2 (1%) with blindness. The mean (± SD) Bayley Mental Developmental Index (MDI) score was 74.7 ± 17. Ninety-two children (42%) had a subnormal MDI score ( 171 µmol/L [>10 mg/dL]) (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.46-15.73). Conclusion There is an urgent need for research into the etiology and prevention of neonatal morbidity.
On optimum selection relaying protocols in cooperative wireless networks

In this letter, the outage probabilities of selection relaying protocols are analyzed and compared for cooperative wireless networks. It is assumed that both source and relay use equal allocated time in transmission. Depending on the quality of the source-relay channel, the relay may choose either Decode-and-Forward (DF), Amplify-and-Forward (AF), or Direct-Transmission (DT) to forward signals. It turns out that in terms of outage probability, two selection relaying schemes are better than others: selecting between DF and AF protocols (DF-AF) or selecting between DF and DT protocols (DF-DT). It is shown that with an equal power allocation, both of the DF-AF and DF-DT selection relaying protocols have the same asymptotic outage probability. However, with an optimum power allocation strategy, the DF-AF selection scheme is in general better than the DF-DT selection scheme. Note that the optimum power allocations depend on channel variances, not on instantaneous channel gains. When the quality of the relay-destination link is much better than that of the source-relay link, observed from simulation, the outage probability of the DF-AF selection protocol with its optimum power allocation is 1.5 dB better than that of the DF-DT selection with its own optimum power allocation. Extensive simulations are presented to validate the analytical results.
Computer-aided interpretation of forest radar images

Computer-aided interpretation is described of forest radar images registered with multispectral thematic mapper images by computer-aided image enhancement, classification, and autocorrelation analysis. Synthetic aperture radar images may be used to discriminate between forests of various spatial structures as well as various types (predominant species). The spatial distribution of trees within radar resolution pixels, especially the gaps between trees, influences both the average backscatter from a forest stand and the texture of radar images, depending on the relative scale of these gaps with respect to the resolution, and the angle of incidence of the radar signal. >
Intergovernmental Aid To Reduce Fiscal Disparities: Problems of Definition and Measurement

This article examines the problem of structuring intergovernmental aid to correct for fiscal disparities. In general, distributing aid to equalize average tax effort will not eliminate underlying fiscal disparities. To do so requires that aid be distributed so as to equalize the local tax rate necessary to finance a base level of public services. Reviewed briefly are the potential consequences of these two approaches for horizontal equity and tax base mobility. Using data for Arizona school districts, the two approaches are shown to have widely disparate implications for the distribution of state school aid.
GMMS: global model management system-a conceptual design framework for model management systems for distributed decision support systems

A conceptual design framework is presented for enhancing end-users' knowledge concerning models and model usage in the distributed decision-support system (DDSS) environment. The DDSS concept is flawed unless models built and validated in one area of an organization can be correctly applied in other sections. To aid model users, model meta-data-dictionaries are suggested that include builder names, function/purpose, liaison persons, model alternatives, owners, scope and limitations, and useful life. >
Short and Long Range Dispersal in the Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Fungal Pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales)

Abstract A computer model developed to simulate the interaction between the pathogenic fungus, Entomophaga maimaiga, and the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, was used to investigate airborne dispersal of fungal conidial spores. The model used data on egg mass density gathered from 32 sites in an area of Connecticut and information on fungal prevalence, gypsy moth abundance, fungus resting spore load in the soil, and detailed weather records from six intensively sampled plots in the same area. It calculated seasonal survival rates of gypsy moths at the six plots using a variety of dispersal distributions, or kernels, for the conidia. Distributions ranged from normal densities to the exponential, a Bessel and power distribution, along with a “kinked” linear distribution, which had two parts. All kernels gave good fits to the data so long as the dispersion parameter caused each standardized distribution to have an abscissa value near 0.05 at a distance of 1.25 km from the source. However, significant dispersal ...
Physical modeling of deflector arms in a river table

Djibrilla Rapant - Candidate for Bachelor of Science - Environmental Resources Engineering With Honors - May 2012 - SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Decisions, Decisions, Decisions: Developing a Law Library Collection for the Charlotte School of Law

Imagine being able to create a new law library collection from the ground up. So many law library directors have to allocate their annual budgets to collection upkeep costs that they can rarely add new material. Directors in start-up libraries have a unique opportunity to meet the needs of a new law school constitutents and to keep traditional costs down if they plan carefully from the start what they will add to the collection.
Novel and Investigational Drugs in Depression

Major depressive disorder is a serious medical illness associated with significant burden. Our current treatments for depression are limited, which has motivated researchers to explore novel targets. This article will highlight new psychopharmacological agents and investigational directions which may show promise in achieving better outcomes and symptom relief for those suffering from depression. This review will address key categories of novel therapeutic targets for depression. The newer and investigational agents involving monoaminergic transmission will be discussed, followed by those with glutamatergic, opioid, anticholinergic, and miscellaneous mechanisms. As the field continues to learn more about the pathophysiology of depression, there will be an emergence of additional innovative targets and investigational mechanisms, along with an improvement in our treatment outcomes.
Congenital heart disease in adults: diagnosis, prognosis and surgical indications.

Before the surgeon operates on an adult with congenital heart disease, he must evaluate the patient's probable status without operation, decide if operation would improve the patient's chances for a gainful life, and estimate whether the benefits would justify the risks. To make these decisions, the physician often has to catheterize the heart to determine location and size of the shunt and degree of pulmonary hypertension.
CSLSI Character Accountability

God grants our gifts and abilities without repentance, and we must choose how to use what God has graciously granted us. The goal of CSLSI is to promote our Christ-based transformation, and this requires excellence of godly character, the indwelling Holy Spirit that produces godly virtue. Competency without character is a house built upon a flawed foundation that will collapse. The focus of this chapter is the cultivation of personal integrity through humility and transparency, the foundational role of forgiveness, and the critical role of grace in repenting and learning from our sins and failures and those of others in the workplace.
The Influence of Topography on Convective Storm Environments in the Eastern United States as Deduced from the HRRR

AbstractRelatively little is known about how topography affects convective storms. The first step toward understanding these effects is to investigate how topography affects storm environments. Unfortunately, the effects of topography on convective environments are not easily observed directly. Instead, it is necessary to resort to using output from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR). The HRRR’s 3-km grid spacing can resolve some of the larger-scale topographic effects. Popular convective storm forecasting parameters obtained from the HRRR are averaged on convective days from February to September 2013–15. It is surmised that most of the day-to-day variability attributable to synoptic- and mesoscale meteorological influences is removed by averaging; the remaining horizontal heterogeneity in parameters related to instability and vertical wind shear is due to the hemispheric-scale meridional temperature and pressure gradient, and likely also topographic influences, especially where recurring longitudi...
Complications of Nerve Entrapment Injection

There are multiple potential complications from treatment of peripheral nerve entrapments. Some of the complications are due to the proximity of other structures (lung, blood vessels). Infection and nerve injury can occur any time a needle or probe is introduced through the skin. Other complications come from the medications injected (local anesthetic systemic toxicity, steroid atrophy, phenol neuritis) or the energy used (RF burns). Knowledge of a potential complication may help decrease the risks.
Immunoglobulin for Polyneuropathy

The value of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy was studied in a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover investigation at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, the Department of Immunohematology and Bloodbank, University Hospital Leiden, and the Central Laboratory of the Netherlands, Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sports Nutrition Knowledge among Mid-Major Division I University Student-Athletes.

Competitive athletes have goals to optimize performance and to maintain healthy body composition. Sports nutrition is a component of training programs often overlooked by student-athletes and their coaches. The purpose of this study was to examine student-athletes’ sports nutrition knowledge across sex, class level, team, and completion of prior nutrition coursework. Participants included 123 mid-major Division I university student-athletes (47 females and 76 males) from baseball, softball, men’s soccer, track and field, and tennis. The student-athletes completed a survey questionnaire to determine adequate sports nutrition knowledge (mean ≥ 75%). The overall mean sports nutrition knowledge score for the student-athletes was 56.9% which was considered inadequate sports nutrition knowledge (mean < 75%). Only 12 student-athletes achieved adequate sports nutrition knowledge score of 75% or higher. There were no differences by sex, class level, team, and completion of prior nutrition coursework. Student-athletes’ inadequate sports nutrition knowledge may place them at nutrition risk, lead to impaired performance, and affect their lean body mass and energy levels. Athletics personnel should not assume student-athletes have adequate sports nutrition knowledge. Athletic departments may make available a board certified Sports Dietitian or Registered Dietitian and offer classroom or online courses facilitating student-athletes to optimize nutrition knowledge and behaviors.
Wireless sensor system based on SAW coded passive devices for multiple access

This work reports on a wireless sensor system based on coded direct sequence spread spectrum differential delay line surface acoustic wave devices. Spread spectrum techniques were used to interrogate prototype sensor devices with embedded quasi-orthogonal coding, thus allowing multiple device access by the system implemented. A base station unit incorporating analog and reconfigurable digital circuitry has been designed and constructed to interrogate the sensor devices. Sensor and system operation were experimentally verified. The system was validated for temperature sensing.
Pilot study of patron sound level exposure in loud restaurants, bars, and clubs in New York city

ABSTRACTVisiting restaurants, bars, clubs, and lounges is a regular part of urban cultural life for residents and tourists alike; however, anecdotal reports and diner surveys suggest that sound levels are excessive and diners dislike them. High sound levels in these venues can contribute to both patron and employee overexposure, and young people may be particularly at risk. To supplement the paucity of literature and data on noise in urban venues, patron noise exposure was measured inside a sample of loud New York City restaurants, bars, clubs, and lounges. Sound level measurements were obtained in 59 venues. Field staff conducted one 20–162 minute visit per venue on a Thursday, Friday, or Saturday evening. The equivalent continuous sound pressure level on the A-scale (LAeq) was calculated for each visit. Median and mean LAeq among all venues sampled were both 92 decibels (dBA). Clubs and lounges had a higher mean LAeq than restaurants and bars (97 vs. 91 dBA, p < 0.05). A greater number of patrons was as...
Urban Streamflow Response to Imported Water and Water Conservation Policies in Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles has a long history of importing water; however, drought, climate change, and environmental mitigation have forced the City to focus on developing more local water sources (target of 50% local supply by 2035). This study aims to improve understanding of water cycling in Los Angeles, including the impacts of imported water and water conservation policies. We evaluate the influence of local water restrictions on discharge records for 12 years in the Ballona Creek (urban) and Topanga Creek (natural) watersheds. Results show imported water has significantly altered the timing and volume of streamflow in the urban Ballona watershed, resulting in runoff ratios above one (more streamflow than precipitation). Further analysis comparing pre- vs. during-mandatory water conservation periods shows there is a significant decrease in dry season streamflow during-conservation in Ballona, indicating that prior to conservation efforts, heavy irrigation and other outdoor water use practices were contributing to streamflow. The difference between summer streamflow pre- vs. during-conservation is enough to serve 160,000 customers in Los Angeles. If Los Angeles returns to more watering days, educating the public on proper irrigation rates is critical for ensuring efficient irrigation and conserving water; however, if water restrictions remain in place, the City must take the new flow volumes into account for complying with water quality standards in the region.
Asset Accumulation with Heterogeneous Households: The Rise of Wealth Disparity

We present a formal model with heterogeneous households examining the dynamics of wealth disparity. We concentrate on financial wealth and study asset accumulation in terms of net wealth. Households borrow to finance investment and consumption. If the asset value is larger then the liability, then new net wealth is accumulated. The question then becomes what variables drive differences in net asset accumulation among households. The returns on assets, saving rates and borrowing capacity are major driving forces behind the differences in asset accumulation among households. The empirical part utilizes US Survey of Consumer Finance (SCF) data and supports the theoretical model. Specifically, the paper finds substantial evidence suggesting that when income groups are subdivided into those that dominantly borrow for consumption and those that dominantly borrow for investment (functioning as consumption smoothers), the former group suffers losses in net wealth while the latter maintains a steady increase in net worth.
Modeling discharge characteristics for predicting battery remaining life

Due to the global energy crisis and air pollution, the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and battery storage systems grows at a gallop. To support this growth, it is important to have an effective exploitation of electrochemical based energy storage system with a reliable battery management system (BMS). The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction and estimation of different age batteries are necessary for BMS design. Terminal voltage, current and surface temperature are three main types of data that have significant impacts on predicting the battery's RUL. In this paper, a mathematical model based on regression analysis is formulated to estimate the batterys RUL. Additionally, the corresponding relationship between discharge curve and battery's age is analyzed base on the battery's capacity variety with using time. Finally, the proposed model is validated with experiments on valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries.
Mixed-initiative approach to collaboration in the mathematical domain

Using smart-phones for ad-hoc mathematical collaboration poses multiple user interface challenges. In this paper, software agents are used to lessen the cognitive load through automatic line labeling. Researchers in the human-computer interaction community have attempted to alleviate the problem of general usability through user interface engineering conventions (Myers 1994). However, these engineering approaches can be improved upon through the application of mixed-initiative principles.
María de Zayas’ Broken Frame: A Brief Study of the History and Evolution of Frame Narratives

The focus of this paper is to investigate the evolution and the genre of frame narratives in order to address some of the numerous narratological challenges with which Maria de Zayas presents her readers. These challenges include the questioning of the narrative frame’s capacity to control embedded narratives and the effects of the embedded narrative on the frame narrative. Maria de Zayas, I will argue, not only challenges the concept of the frame narrative but also attempts to explore, and perhaps surpass, its limits. In order to investigate the narrative frames, I will use Jacques Derrida’s definitions of the ergon (the essence of a work) and the parergon (the nonessential components of a work) and apply his theory concerning the two to frame narratives. I hope to demonstrate how Zayas, like many of her predecessors, repeatedly manipulates the frame narrative of her text. However, as she attempts to direct her narrative attention to more and more issues, she eventually looses control of her frame narrative. This is not meant to be overly critical of Zayas, however, for as Robert Scholes and Robert Kellogg tell us “The greatest narratives are inevitably those in which the most is attempted” (16).
Trigeminal trophic syndrome from stroke: an under-recognized central neuropathic itch syndrome.

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is the historic name for neuropathic self-induced facial ulceration from abnormal sensory symptoms leading to uncontrolled scratching. Anatomic co-localization of sensory loss (numbness) plus neuropathic itch and pain permits painless scratching. If the itch is severe, some patients will scratch to the point of causing self-injury. Patients may be unaware or may conceal the fact that their lesions are self-induced and thus the diagnosis presents a clinical challenge. Many cases remain undiagnosed, leading to unnecessary and ineffective tests, procedures, and prescribing. We document a patient with a central cause of TTS — multiple cerebral vascular accidents — and summarize the presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment options.
Mechanical Modeling of Multi-Layer Sedimentary Rock Folding

Sedimentary rock folding results from a number of mechanisms, including buckling due to lateral tectonic compression and slip on thrust faults in the underlying strata. Movements experienced by folded layers are typically very large and may include significant rigid body translation and rotation, considerable straining, and relative slip at the interface between layers. In this paper we present a mechanical model for capturing isothermal ductile folding processes of sedimentary rocks using nonlinear continuum mechanics and finite deformation contact kinematics. Folding of rock layers with distinct mechanical properties may result in relative tangential slip at the interface between them. Of particular interest is the formulation and implementation of a finite deformation frictional contact model to account for relative sliding of two adjacent rock layers. Our method considers a Coulomb friction law that is suitable for geomaterials. The penalty method is used to implement the frictional contact model [1]. The formulation of the model includes a consistent linearization of the weak form of the linear momentum balance to enable optimal convergence for Newton-Raphson iterations. To capture the ductile response of the rock layers, we implement an elastoplastic constitutive model; a three-invariant yield criterion is used to define plastic loading and a non-associated flow rule to control inelastic dilatancy. To integrate the stresses we employ a fully Lagrangian approach along with multiplicative plasticity theory for finite deformations. This work enables us to investigate the relationship among folded shapes, internal stress state, and the occurrence of deformation bands and/or relative slip at the layer interfaces. Supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DEFG02- 03ER15454, and U.S. National Science Foundation, Grant No. CMG-0417521.
Embryos, Four-Dimensionalism, and Moral Status

Philosophy journals have been full of discussions of Four-Dimensionalism in recent years. The rich resources of the Four-Dimensional metaphysics have been brought to bear upon many traditional philosophical problems. Alas, the implications of Four-Dimensionalism for bioethics have gone largely unexplored. Hud Hudson (1999, 2001) is the rare exception. Relying upon a Four-Dimensional metaphysics, he argues that there is little reason to identify the human embryonic animal and human person. He makes the intriguing claim that if abortion is wrong, then it isn’t because the human animal within its mother’s womb is a person. This he rightly claims “is a very significant result” for “an overwhelming amount of the literature on abortion and infanticide (as well as much of the public debate on these topics) seems to turn on the question of whether or not the human fetus is a person” (2001, p. 153).
Medicare Fraud Detection Using Random Forest with Class Imbalanced Big Data

The healthcare industry generates a substantial amount of data. This big data includes information such as patient records and provider payments. The use of big data is often considered the best way to produce effective models in areas such as fraud detection. In this study, we demonstrate that the use of more highly imbalanced big data does not produce acceptable fraud detection results. We use random undersampling to generate seven different class distributions and compare performance results. We use the 2012- 2015 Calendar Year Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data mapping actual fraud labels from the List of Excluded Individuals/Entities (LEIE). Our results, based on building Random Forest models using 5-fold cross-validation, demonstrate that 90:10 is the best class distribution with an 0.87302 AUC, whereas the balanced and two highly imbalanced distributions produced the worst fraud detection performance. Furthermore, we show that the commonly used ratio of 50:50 (balanced) was not significantly better than using a 99:1 (imbalanced) class distribution. Our study clearly demonstrates the need to apply at least some sampling to big data with class imbalance and suggests the 50:50 class distribution does not produce the best Medicare fraud detection results.
Korean ‘Formality’ endings ‘-supnita/-supnikka’ and ‘-eyo’ in the negotiation of interactional identity in the news interview

Abstract What makes the rich verbal inflection system in Korean grammar even more tangled is the reported presence of formal and casual endings. Many scholars have traditionally categorized them in terms of formality or the level of deference and affection. This approach, however, has paid little attention to how Korean speakers actually ‘code-switch’ between the two forms in a rather dynamic manner at each turn at talk. More recent studies from a more functional perspective mainly focus on the speaker's side of the interaction. In this study, two separate episodes from a Korean news interview show were analyzed. I first transcribed the data following the conventions in Conversation Analysis, then marked all the endings employed in 1st pair part questions and 2nd pair part answers by who issued it, and in which pair part and with what local context it was issued. It has been argued that different languages employ different linguistic devices to project and reshape identities of the other(s) present in real-time interaction. My analyses show that in the Korean news interview, speakers use the two endings in a highly selective manner to achieve the interactional goal of negotiating the moment-by-moment identities of the listener through ongoing talk.
Effective HPV Vaccination Strategies: What Does the Evidence Say? An Integrated Literature Review.

Abstract Problem The updated Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 2016 guidelines recommends vaccination for the human papillomavirus (HPV) for all adolescents starting at ages 11–12 years. The United States continues to fall short of the benchmarks set by Healthy People 2020. The national vaccination rates hover at 49.5%, creating much room for improvement in health care systems. The purpose of this literature review was to identify evidence-based interventions to implement for improved outcomes. Eligibility Criteria An integrative literature review was conducted using the CINAHL, EBSCO, Academic Search Complete, ProQuest and Medline databases. The search was limited to studies published in peer reviewed journals in the last 10 years. Sample Of the available studies, 201 met inclusion criteria with 46 studies meriting further review. Results Barriers to vaccination included missed opportunities due to lack of provider recommendation and awareness of current guidelines, and parental vaccination hesitancy. Effective strategies included reminder systems and strong provider recommendations. Conclusions No one method has been effective in maintaining increases in vaccination rates. Multi-method strategies demonstrate the highest rates of maintaining increases in HPV vaccination. Strong provider recommendations are a cornerstone to any multi-method intervention. Implications Providers and nurses need to shift conversations to strong recommendations for the HPV vaccination and include additional reminder systems, including protocols to meet Healthy People 2020 goals for HPV vaccination.
Interaction of Anticancer Drugs with Human Organic Anion Transporter hOAT4

Human organic anion transporter 4 (hOAT4) belongs to a family of multispecific organic anion transporters that play critical roles in the disposition of numerous drugs and therefore are the major sites for drug-drug interaction. Drug-drug interactions contribute significantly to the individual variation in drug response. hOAT4 is expressed in the kidney and placenta. In the current study, we examined the interaction of 36 anticancer drugs with hOAT4 in kidney COS-7 cells and placenta BeWo cells. Among the drugs tested, only epirubicin hydrochloride and dabrafenib mesylate exhibited > 50% cis-inhibitory effect, in COS-7 cells, on hOAT4-mediated uptake of estrone sulfate, a prototypical substrate for the transporter. The IC50 values for epirubicin hydrochloride and dabrafenib mesylate were 5.24±0.95 μM and 8.30±3.30 μM, respectively. Dixon plot analysis revealed that inhibition by epirubicin hydrochloride was noncompetitive with a Ki = 3 μM whereas inhibition by dabrafenib mesylate was competitive with a Ki = 4.26 μM. Our results established that epirubicin hydrochloride and dabrafenib mesylate are inhibitors of hOAT4. Furthermore, by comparing our data with clinically relevant exposures of these drugs, we conclude that although the tendency for dabrafenib mesylate to cause drug-drug interaction through hOAT4 is insignificant in the kidney, the propensity for epirubicin hydrochloride to cause drug-drug interaction is high.
Accuracy of Doppler blood pressure measurement in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device patients.

AIMS Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement in continuous-flow ventricular assist device (CF-VAD) patients is imperative to reduce stroke risk. This study assesses the accuracy of the Doppler opening pressure method compared with the gold standard arterial line method in CF-VAD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In a longitudinal cohort of HeartMate II and HVAD patients, arterial line BP and simultaneously measured Doppler opening pressure were obtained. Overall correlation, agreement between Doppler opening pressure and arterial line mean vs. systolic pressure, and the effect of arterial pulsatility on the accuracy of Doppler opening pressure were analysed. A total of 1933 pairs of Doppler opening pressure and arterial line pressure readings within 1 min of each other were identified in 154 patients (20% women, mean age 55 ± 15, 50% HeartMate II and 50% HVAD). Doppler opening pressure had good correlation with invasive mean arterial pressure (r = 0.742, P < 0.0001) and more closely approximated mean than systolic BP (mean error 2.4 vs. -8.4 mmHg). Arterial pulsatility did not have a clinically significant effect on the accuracy of the Doppler opening pressure method. CONCLUSIONS Doppler opening pressure should be the standard non-invasive method of BP measurement in CF-VAD patients.
Markterfolg, Markenbeziehungen und Markenerlebnisse

In Zeiten von Social Media und schnelllebiger digitalen Kommunikation ringen Markenartikel-Hersteller um die richtige Wachstumsstrategie. Wahrend der Vertrieb auf kurzfristige, oft promotionsgetriebene Umsatzerfolge fokussiert, sind Markenmanager am langfristigen Markenaufbau interessiert. Unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen innerhalb von Unternehmen erschweren es, die richtige Strategie fur ein nachhaltiges Markenwachstum zu finden. Markensteuerung muss jedoch ganzheitlich erfolgen. Voraussetzung dafur ist, dass die von den verschiedenen Stakeholdern genutzten Informationsquellen integriert werden. Hierbei sind Markterfolg, der Aufbau langfristiger Markenbeziehungen, sowie die Schaffung starker Markenerlebnisse die zentralen Elemente einer holistischen und integrativen Status-Quo Analyse. Diese bildet die Ausgangsbasis fur zukunftige Strategieentscheidungen im Markenmanagement und ermoglichen es, gezielte und abgestimmte Handlungsempfehlungen fur Vertrieb und Marketing abzuleiten.
Abstract 770: MiR628-5p targets Jagged 1 and inhibits growth, stemness and invasiveness of advanced prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men, and according to the American Cancer Society reports, 164,690 new cases and 29,430 deaths from PCa are estimated in the United States in 2018. To reduce PCa mortality, we need a better understanding of molecular regulators of prostate carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (MiRs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that have been implicated in various cancers, and offer a novel opportunity to diagnose and treat cancer. We have previously identified MiR628-5p as a potential biomarker in PCa patients. This miRNA was found to be downregulated in the serum of both African American and Caucasian men with PCa compared to healthy individuals. In the present study, we further characterized the anti-cancer role of MiR628-5p in various PCa cell culture models. Results showed that MiR628-5p mimic treatment (100 nM) for 5 days significantly decreased the cell proliferation (~43% inhibition, p Citation Format: Leslimar Rios-Colon, Juliet Chijioke, Anvesha Srivastava, Malathi Ramalinga, Habib Kedir, Elena Arthur, Patrice Cagle, Gagan Deep, Deepak Kumar. MiR628-5p targets Jagged 1 and inhibits growth, stemness and invasiveness of advanced prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 770.
Substituting hammermilled Juniperus spp. for chopped alfalfa hay in steer feedlot diets: Growth performance and blood serum chemistry

Abstract A completely randomized design study with two feeding periods was used to evaluate the effects of substituting hammermilled Juniperus spp. for chopped alfalfa in growing steer diets. Steers ( n = 44; initial body weight, BW = 343 kg) were fed in a Calan gate system (4 feeders/pen; 11 pens) for 112 days. During Period 1 (days 0 to 69), steers were fed 70% concentrate diets that only differed in roughage composition (juniper replaced 0, 33, 66 or 100% of the alfalfa portion; 0JUN, 33JUN, 66JUN , or 100JUN , respectively). In Period 2 (days 70 to 112), steers were transitioned to a common 90% concentrate diet. During Period 1, treatment × day interactions ( P P ≤ 0.01) as the percentage of juniper increased in the diet. When averaged across Period 1 (treatment × day, P = 0.64), DMI linearly decreased ( P P ≤ 0.005) between days 0 to 14 and d 28 to 42, tended to linearly decrease ( P = 0.09) between d 14 to 28, and tended to quadratically decrease ( P = 0.07) between days 42 to 56. Steer G:F linearly decreased ( P P = 0.02) between days 42 to 56. During Period 2, treatment × day interactions ( P ≤ 0.04) were observed for steer BW, DMI, ADG, and G:F. No differences ( P ≥ 0.13) within day were observed for steer DMI, but ADG increased linearly ( P P = 0.07) between days 98 to 112 with prior juniper inclusion level. Steer G:F increased linearly ( P = 0.001) and quadratically ( P = 0.02) between days 84 to 98 and days 98 to 112, respectively, with prior juniper inclusion level. Overall, serum chemistry did not indicate negative health issues. Collectively, results suggested that while juniper has less dietary energy, replacing 33% of the alfalfa with juniper did not negatively affect steer growth performance and should be considered. Using up to 30% juniper in the diet did not negatively affect animal health; however, under the conditions of this study, supplemental protein would be required when juniper completely replaced alfalfa.
Nitric Oxide: An Endogenous Inhibitor of Balloon Catheter-Induced Intimal Hyperplasia

Regrowth of a neoendothelial vascular lining and intimal hyperplasia (IH) occur subsequent to balloon catheter injury to the vascular wall (Eldor et al., 1981; Barone et al., 1989; Weidinger et al., 1990; Saroyan et al., 1992). Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) are formed by the endothelium and have been reported to inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation (Garg and Hassid, 1989). However, the in vivo relationship between IH and PGI2 or endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) [which is thought to be NO] formation by the neoendothelium has yet to be firmly established. Earlier studies have demonstrated that balloon catheter-induced injury to the vascular wall is associated with a decrease (Eldor et al., 1981), an increase (Mehta et al., 1982), or no change in PGI2 formation (Hoover et al., 1989). Additionally, balloon catheter-induced injury has been reported to produce an initial decrease in EDRF generation with a return to control by 4 weeks, although the recovery of endothelium-dependent relaxation appears to depend on the severity of the initial injury (Weidinger et al., 1990). Others have shown a persistent defect in the response to various endothelium-dependent vasodilators (Shimokawa et al., 1987). Thus, although there is evidence that balloon injury and subsequent IH can alter both PGI2 and EDRF generation, there is little information on the effect of balloon catheter-induced vascular injury on the generation of PGI2 and EDRF in animals that received the same degree of injury. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the time course of recovery of vascular generation of PGI2 and EDRF following catheter-induced injury. We also tested the hypothesis that administration of LARG, the precursor of NO, inhibits balloon catheter-induced IH.
Architecture of autoinhibited and active BRAF-MEK1-14-3-3 complexes.

RAF family kinases are RAS-activated switches that initiate signalling through the MAP kinase cascade to control cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival1–3. RAF activity is tightly regulated and inappropriate activation is a frequent cause of cancer4–6; however, the structural basis for RAF regulation is poorly understood at present. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine autoinhibited and active-state structures of full-length BRAF in complexes with MEK1 and a 14-3-3 dimer. The reconstruction reveals an inactive BRAF–MEK1 complex restrained in a cradle formed by the 14-3-3 dimer, which binds the phosphorylated S365 and S729 sites that flank the BRAF kinase domain. The BRAF cysteine-rich domain occupies a central position that stabilizes this assembly, but the adjacent RAS-binding domain is poorly ordered and peripheral. The 14-3-3 cradle maintains autoinhibition by sequestering the membrane-binding cysteine-rich domain and blocking dimerization of the BRAF kinase domain. In the active state, these inhibitory interactions are released and a single 14-3-3 dimer rearranges to bridge the C-terminal pS729 binding sites of two BRAFs, which drives the formation of an active, back-to-back BRAF dimer. Our structural snapshots provide a foundation for understanding normal RAF regulation and its mutational disruption in cancer and developmental syndromes. The autoinhibited and active states of full-length BRAF in complexes with its substrate MEK1 and the 14-3-3 protein are determined by cryo-electron microscopy.
The Rivalry Effect: The Potential to Foster (Lapsed) Donor Giving

Prior sport rivalry researchers have failed to examine the effects of rivalry utilizing a multidimensional approach to team identification as well as the effects of rivalries in relation to the behavioral outcomes of lapsed donors. The authors worked with the official booster club of a large public university to create three distinct email campaigns targeting lapsed donors to test the effects of framing donation requests with rivalry-themed communications. The results of this study highlight the varia-tions in these distinct identification dimensions due to the presence of a rivalry as well as the behavioral effects a rivalry has on these lapsed donors.
Forging multilingualism: teleological tension in French and Corsican middle school curricula

This article compares French and Corsican middle school language policy. Above the micro-level of the classroom, and below the macro-level of the EU (or beyond), I analyze two policies sandwiched at the meso-level, national (France) and regional (Corsica) middle school curricula. Based on a content analysis of two curricular policy texts, the Reforme du college 2016 and the Projet academique 2012–2016, I contrast the distinct notions of multilingualism constructed therein and the disparate teleological orientations to language teaching/learning that emerge, namely economic versus cultural. The Corsican middle school, subsumed within the French State curriculum, is characterized by the tension between competing language ideologies that coexist. The analysis reflects that, in the wider discourses on language and globalization, the shift in language teaching/learning from cultural to economic foci (Duchene and Heller, in: Duchene and Heller (eds) Language in late capitalism: pride and profit, Routledge, London, 2012; Romaine in Lang Policy 12:115–137, 2013) is not linear, finite, or complete. Telelogical orientations compete, overlap, and are co-present.