cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Harmonic Balance Approximation of Dynamic Snap-Through Boundaries in a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Structure

Under dynamic loading, systems with the requisite condition for snap-through buckling, that is co-existing equilibria, typically exhibit either small amplitude response about a single equilibrium configuration, or large amplitude response that transits between the static equilibria. Dynamic snap-through is the name given to the large amplitude response, which, in the context of structural systems, is obviously undesirable.Structures with underlying snap-through static behavior may exhibit highly nonlinear and unpredictable oscillations. Such systems rarely lend themselves to investigation by analytical means. This is not surprising as nonlinear phenomena such as chaos run counter to the predictability of an analytical closed form solution. However, many unexpected analytical approximations of global stability may be obtained for simple systems using the harmonic balance method.In this paper a simple single-degree-of-freedom arch is studied using the harmonic balance method. The equations developed with the harmonic balance approach are then solved using an arc-length method and an approximate snap-through boundary in forcing parameter space is obtained. The method is shown to exhibit excellent agreement with numerical results. Arches present an ideal avenue for the investigation of snap-through as they typically have multiple, often tunable, stable and unstable equilibria. They also have many applications in both civil engineering, where arches are a canonical structural element, and mechanical/aerospace engineering, where arches may be used to approximate the behavior of curved plates and panels such as those used on aircraft.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The visible and infrared microspectroscopic characterization of organic red pigments removed from three medieval Byzantine manuscripts

Abstract Infrared and visible microspectroscopy has been used to characterize microscopic red paint fragments removed from Byzantine illuminated manuscripts dated 10–13th century, ad . Spectral evidence indicates the presence of carminic acid lakes in two of the manuscripts studied and the use of a mixture of vermilion and an anthraquinone lake in a third.
A license to remember.

Many models have been put forth to explain the function of CD4 T cell help in primary and memory CD8 T cell generation. New evidence suggests the licensing model may be the most physiologically relevant.
Central limit theorems and weak laws of large numbers in certain banach spaces

For B a type 2 Banach lattice, we obtain a relationship between the central limit theorem in B and the weak law of large numbers (for the sum of the squares of the random vectors) in another Banach lattice B(2). We then obtain some two-sided estimates for E∥Sn∥pwhich in lpspaces, 1≦p<∞, give n.a.s.c. for the weak law of large numbers. As a consequence of these estimates we also solve the domain of attraction problem in lp, p<2. Several examples and counterexamples are provided.
Resource based process planning for additive manufacturing

Resource consumption in additive manufacturing (AM) is often tied with the physical attribute of the fabricated part. Thus, optimizing the processes plan for minimum part fabrication resource requirement is a matter of great interest. In this work, the hierarchical nature of the AM process plan steps are emphasized and both build direction and material deposition direction are optimized while considering the resource requirement. A novel combined two-step optimization methodology is presented to determine optimal build direction for the object and material deposition direction for layers while considering minimum contour plurality, surface quality, build height, fabrication factor, and layer contour concavity to compensate the fabrication and resource limitations. The proposed methodology is implemented for an example object and the results indicate that the total build time can be significantly reduced compared to the total build time associated with arbitrary build and deposition directions. Resource based process planning model is proposed for Additive manufacturing.Optimum build direction is determined for free-form object.Deposition directions are optimized for generated slices.Proposed methodology minimizes the resource consumption during part fabrication.Better build time and length are found during implementation.
Some comparative histochemical studies of the vertebrate kidney

Abstract 1. 1. The kidneys of 33 species of vertebrates from cyclostome to man were examined by histochemical methods. 2. 2. The histochemical properties of the glomerulus and distal tubule were similar for all animals; the distal tubule was strongly reactive for plasmalogen and succinic dehydrogenase. 3. 3. The proximal tubule was exceedingly, although characteristically, variable. An especially low succinic dehydrogenase activity was correlated with high neutral lipid content. 4. 4. lipofuscin-like granules in the proximal tubule were unique to certain amphibia and reptiles. 5. 5. The sexual segment granules of male Coluber were characterized by a high content of glycolipid. 6. 6. Melanin pigment granules were present in the kidney of Amia calva .
Community psychiatry and ethics.

Book reviewed in this article: The role and motivation of community psychiatry are often the subjects of controversy and criticism. The establishment of an ethical base is necessary to clarify issues for professionals and the public at large. This paper reviews the ethical foundation for community psychiatry and focuses on the specific problems.
Effect of interleukin-2 on the expression of cell cycle genes in human T lymphocytes.

Abstract We have studied the expression of seven cell cycle-dependent genes in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in macrophage-depleted cultures and in macrophage-depleted cultures plus Interleukin-2 (IL-2). The expression of all seven genes is increased in PHA stimulated peripheral cells. Only two (2F1 and the IL-2 receptor) are increased in PHA-stimulated macrophage depleted cultures. Addition of IL-2 to these cultures increased the RNA levels of four genes (KC-1, c-myc, β-actin and IL-2R), but has no effect on three others (4F1, 2F1, and JE-3). The results indicate that the expression of these cell cycle genes is regulated by different components of the mitogenic stimulus.
Endothelium-specific sepiapterin reductase deficiency in DOCA-salt hypertension

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) requires tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) as a cofactor and, in its absence, produces superoxide (O2·−) rather than nitric oxide (NO·), a condition referred to...
Water gas shift reaction kinetics and reactor modeling for fuel cell grade hydrogen

Abstract The kinetics of the water gas shift reaction was studied to evaluate existing reaction mechanisms, test various rate expressions and simulate the performance in a methanol fuel processor for fuel cell applications. The reaction was carried out in a micro reactor testing unit using a commercial Sud-Chemie Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst between 120 and 250 °C with a range of feed rates and compositions. Using non-linear least squares optimization, the parameters in five rate expressions were fit to the experimental data. Based on a review of published work on the WGS reaction mechanism, our study found that a rate expression derived from a regenerative mechanism and another rate expression derived from adsorptive mechanism fit the experimental data equally well. Numerical integration of a one-dimensional PFR model was used for this parameter fitting. An empirical rate expression, r CO = kP CO P H 2 O (1− β ) with activation energy of 47.4 kJ/mol was also obtained from the experimental data. Reactor performance was simulated to determine catalyst loadings required to achieve specific CO conversions as a function of temperature and water feed rate. These results are useful in studying the design trade offs available to reformer systems.
Reflecting Power and Grating Efficiency in the Extreme Ultraviolet

A concave glass grating of one meter radius of curvature with 30,000 lines to the inch has been selected to make quantitative measurements of grating efficiencies and reflecting powers between 200A and 1,000A. A water-cooled vacuum spark between tungsten electrodes made an extremely intense and sufficiently constant source. Small plane gratings were crossed with the concave grating so that the efficiency of the small grating could be determined for several wave-lengths and all angles of incidence. The results show that gratings which are efficient at normal incidence are not at all suitable near grazing incidence. The reflecting powers of glass and gold mirrors at 388A and 770A have been measured for all angles of incidence. The values of the reflecting power of glass for several angles of incidence and wave-lengths from 50A to 4800A are given. The influence of reflecting power, groove form, and surface smoothness on the efficiency of a grating are discussed.
Fracture of flash oxidized, yttria-doped sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride

The oxidation behavior of a slip cast, yttria-doped, sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride after 'flash oxidation' was investigated. It was found that both the static oxidation resistance and flexural stress rupture life (creep deformation) were improved at 1000 C in air compared to those of the same material without flash oxidation. Stress rupture data at high temperatures (1000 to 1200 C) are presented to indicate applied stress levels for oxidation-dependent and independent failures.
Periodontal treatment could improve glycaemic control in diabetic patients

Medline, Pascal, Embase, LILACS, the Cochrane Library, International Association of Dental Research Abstracts and Current Contents databases were searched and, in addition, a manual search was made of the bibliography of all pertinent articles. Unpublished articles were researched by contacting authors. No restrictions on language or type of article were applied in the literature search. Two investigators reviewed the full texts independently. To be included in the meta-analysis, studies had to be original interventional studies, conducted on a human population in which subjects had both diabetes and periodontitis, and provided a numerical value for HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin level). Review articles and meta-analyses were excluded and only the most recent reference of a multiple publication was included. The two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardised data-extraction grid. Data from the controlled studies were combined to estimate the pooled differential variation of HbA1c between control and treatment groups, using the inverse-variance method. Both fixed and random-effects models were used to calculate the overall standardised mean difference (SMD). Statistical homogeneity across the studies was tested by Cochran's Q test. Potential publication bias was tested using the rank-correlation test for funnel-plot asymmetry. Twenty-five studies, involving 976 subjects in total, were included in the present systematic review. Of these, nine studies, comprising 485 patients, were controlled trials and were included in the meta-analysis. The SMD in HbA1c with the treatment of periodontal disease was 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11–0.82]. These findings suggest that periodontal treatment could lead to a significant 0.79% (95% CI, 0.19–1.40) reduction in HbA1c level. The present meta-analysis represents the best information available to date that addresses this issue, and suggests that periodontal treatment could improve glycaemic control. Nevertheless, these results should be viewed with caution because of a lack of robustness and deficiencies in the design of some of the studies included. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) with sufficient statistical power would help to confirm the results of this meta-analysis.
Copper alloy bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Abstract Bipolar plates are one of the critical componets of the fuel cell. Excellent corrosion resistance and good conductivity are some of the desirable properties for better operation of fuel cells. Corrosion studies of copper–beryllium alloy (C-17200) were conducted in corrosion simulated fuel cell environment by chronoamperometry. The alloy selected was observed to show good corrosion resistance. The selected alloy was tested in an actual fuel cell. Standard parallel flow field design with 16 cm 2 surface area was machined on end plates. The single cell showed good performance without degradation of MEA and bipolar plates for 100 h at a constant load of 1 A. Characterization of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and plates revealed no poisoning or degradation. Calculated cell resistance from the polarization curve was 0.0836 Ω which is comparable with SS316L under similar conditions.
Delayed ITU discharge: causes and impact

ITU resources represent 13% of hospital costs. Patients requiring ITU should be admitted promptly. However, those identified as suitable for discharge to the ward should also be transferred swiftly.
Selective intra-arterial thrombolysis in acute stroke: Implications for emergency management.

Stroke, the most common life-threatening neurological disease, is a problem encountered frequently in the acute phase. Therapeutic options in this major cause of death and disability have previously been considered limited. Two cases of acute stroke are presented in which emergency treatment with selective intraarterial thrombolysis resulted in significant resolution of neurological deficits. The necessity for treating acute stroke as a medical emergency and management implications in the acute phase are discussed.
The parallel decomposition and implementation of an integrated circuit global router

Better quality automatic layout of integrated circuits can be obtained by combining the placement and routing phases so that routing is used as the cost function for placement optimization. Conventional routers are too slow to make this feasible, and so this paper presents a parallel decomposition and implementation of an integrated circuit global router. The LocusRoute router is divided into three orthogonal “axes” of parallelism: routing several wires at once, routing segments of a wire in parallel, and dividing up the potential routes of a segment among different processors to be evaluated. The implementation of two of these approaches achieve significant speedup - wire-by-wire parallelism attains speedups from 6.9 to 13.6 using sixteen processors, and route-by-route achieves up to 4.6 using eight processors. When combined, these approaches can potentially provide speedups of as much as 55 times.
RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF EGG RETENTION AND PERITONITIS IN TWO GREEN IGUANAS (IGUANA IGUANA)

The radiographic technique and radiographic and sonographic findings in two green iguanas with egg retention and peritonitis are described. Neither radiography nor ultrasound provided for identification of free eggs within the coelomic structure secondary to presumed oviduct rupture. Gravidity and coelomic effusion were confirmed by both radiography and ultrasound. Radiography and ultrasound are valuable tools in the diagnosis of egg retention and peritonitis in the green iguana.
Aging of the liver: proteolysis of oxidatively modified glutamine synthetase.

Abstract During aging cells accumulate altered forms of proteins, notably oxidatively modified proteins. The multicatalytic protease selectively degrades oxidized proteins, suggesting that the age-related accumulation of oxidized proteins might be a consequence of decreased activity of this protease, The protease activity of liver homogenates was assayed with an improved fluorimetric method, using oxidatively modified glutamine synthetase as substrate, Application of this assay to extracts from liver of Fischer 344 rats from both Japan and the United States demonstrated a marked preference for the oxidized substrate, as expected. Extracts from animals ages 8 to 26 months maintain both total proteolytic activity and the ability to distinguish between native and oxidized substrates. Oxidatively modified hepatocyte extracts were also employed as substrate, and older animals again maintained proteolytic activity. The multicatalytic protease was purified from liver of young and old rats, and the specific activity of the preparations were comparable when assayed with oxidatively modified glutamine synthetase. We conclude that the intrinsic neutral or alkaline proteolytic activity of rat liver is maintained during aging,
Boris El'tsin, democratic Russia and the campaign for the Russian presidency

(1992). Boris El'tsin, democratic Russia and the campaign for the Russian presidency. Soviet Studies: Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 187-207.
Quantitative CT scan studies in aphasia: II. Comparison of the right and left hemispheres

Abstract Quantitative information about the right and left hemispheres (RH and LH) on CT scans of 32 aphasic stroke patients (A's) and 10 nonaphasic controls (NC's) within a similar age range was obtained with a semiautomated computer program written to analyze CT scans. There was significant increase in the RH %LoPix (pixels related primarily to ventricular areas) for the A's (especially global aphasics) as compared to the NC's. This was not related to midline shift, but may have been related to age, diaschisis (postlesion shock), or transsynaptic degeneration. Distinctive tissue-loss profiles were generated which reflected LH %LoPix (pixels related to infarct plus ventricular area) minus RH %LoPix at each CT slice for six aphasia types. These quantitative profiles (L - R %LoPix) were used with 89–100% accuracy in discriminant-analysis classification of aphasia groups when anterior/posterior lesion locus was controlled for. Significant correlations were obtained between severity of aphasia and L - R %LoPix. The overall percentage midline shift (right to left) for the A's was 2.4% (NC's, 0.8%). The globals showed the least amount of shift, and the transcortical motor and Broca's showed the most at the lower slices (B and B W ), while the Wernicke's showed the most at the higher slices (W and SM). The CT numbers in the remaining tissue (nonlesioned areas) were also studied. This right- and left-hemisphere analysis provided insight into the dynamics of the gross morphological reaction of both hemispheres to the presence of a unilateral infarct.
Critical compilation of solute-micelle binding constants and related parameters from micellar liquid chromatographic measurements

Abstract Over 150 solute-micelle association (binding) constants and free solute retention factors are reported for a variety of neutral compounds and PTH-amino acids. The solute-micelle parameters were calculated from critically evaluated micellar liquid chromatographic data. The potential utility of these parameters for the optimization of micellar liquid chromatography and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, including selection of the surfactant and/or stationary phase and the optimization of surfactant concentration, is briefly discussed.
Temperature dependence of the magnetic field periodicity in flux quantization experiments

Temperature dependence of resistance vs magnetic field periodicity in flux quantization experiments on superconducting Al thin film hollow cylinders
Thiazide-induced disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, and potassium metabolism

Long-term thiazide diuretic therapy for hypertension is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, and potassium metabolism that theoretically may have serious adverse effects. It appears that diuretic-induced hypokalemia interferes with production of insulin, producing mild elevations of blood glucose in nondiabetic patients. The insulinopenia worsens glucose metabolism in prediabetic and type II diabetic patients. Increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio are frequently seen following thiazide treatment of hypertension. These changes are more pronounced in younger patients. Decrements of serum potassium of 0.6 mEq/L are commonly observed with diuretic therapy. Usually, patients remain asymptomatic and no potassium replacement is necessary. In patients with underlying heart disease, however, alterations in potassium metabolism may produce increased frequency and complexity of ventricular ectopic activity. All these metabolic disturbances appear to be, in part, dose related, and there is currently no evidence that they have clinical significance.
A Type IV P-type ATPase Affects Insulin-mediated Glucose Uptake in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle in Mice

Mice carrying two pink-eyed dilution (p) locus heterozygous deletions represent a novel polygenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. Atp10c, a putative aminophospholipid transporter on mouse chromosome 7, is a candidate for the phenotype. The phenotype is diet-induced. As a next logical step in the validation and characterization of the model, experiments to analyze metabolic abnormalities associated with these mice were carried out. Results demonstrate that mutants (inheriting the p deletion maternally) heterozygous for Atp10c are hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant and have an altered insulin-stimulated response in peripheral tissues. Adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle are the targets, and GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake is the specific metabolic pathway associated with Atp10c deletion. Insulin resistance primarily affects the adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle, and the effect in the liver is secondary. Gene expression profiling using microarray and real-time PCR show significant changes in the expression of four genes--Vamp2, Dok1, Glut4 and Mapk14--involved in insulin signaling. The expression of Atp10c is also significantly altered in the adipose tissue and the soleus muscle. The most striking observation is the loss of Atp10c expression in the mutants, specifically in the soleus muscle, after eating the high-fat diet for 12 weeks. In conclusion, experiments suggest that the target genes and/or their cognate factors in conjunction with Atp10c presumably affect the normal translocation and sequestration of GLUT4 in both the target tissues.
Restitution of bile duct after ligation and excision in Rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Restitution of the bile duct occurred after ligation of the original duct at two points with excision of a 2-cm segment between the ligatures in three of six animals so treated. Complete functional restitution was confirmed by liver biopsy, serum bilirubin estimations, and cholangiogram. Partial regeneration was noted in three monkeys which died 17 days after the ligation and excision of the orginal bile duct.
Root isolation using function values

A procedure for isolating the real roots of an equation is presented. The technique requires only function values and can be applied readily to complicated transcendental functions. A program implementing the technique is provided.
Comparison of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Hemodynamics Before and After Angioplasty

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the progression of atherosclerosis, a complex pathological process involving the initiation, deposition, development, and breakdown of the plaque. The blood flow mechanics in arteries play a critical role in the targeted locations and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. In coronary arteries with motion during the cardiac contraction and relaxation, the hemodynamic flow field is substantially different from the other arterial sites with predilection of atherosclerosis. In this study, our efforts focused on the effects of arterial motion and local geometry on the hemodynamics of a left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery before and after clinical intervention to treat the disease. Three-dimensional (3D) arterial segments were reconstructed at 10 phases of the cardiac cycle for both pre- and postintervention based on the fusion of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and biplane angiographic images. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation was used for the computational fluid dynamic analysis. The measured arterial translation was observed to be larger during systole after intervention and more out-of-plane motion was observed before intervention, indicating substantial alterations in the cardiac contraction after angioplasty. The time averaged axial wall shear stress ranged from -0.2 to 9.5 Pa before intervention compared to -0.02 to 3.53 Pa after intervention. Substantial oscillatory shear stress was present in the preintervention flow dynamics compared to that in the postintervention case.
Identifying group discriminative and age regressive sub-networks from DTI-based connectivity via a unified framework of non-negative matrix factorization and graph embedding.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers rich insights into the physical characteristics of white matter (WM) fiber tracts and their development in the brain, facilitating a network representation of brain’s traffic pathways. Such a network representation of brain connectivity has provided a novel means of investigating brain changes arising from pathology, development or aging. The high dimensionality of these connectivity networks necessitates the development of methods that identify the connectivity building blocks or sub-network components that characterize the underlying variation in the population. In addition, the projection of the subject networks into the basis set provides a low dimensional representation of it, that teases apart different sources of variation in the sample, facilitating variation-specific statistical analysis. We propose a unified framework of non-negative matrix factorization and graph embedding for learning sub-network patterns of connectivity by their projective non-negative decomposition into a reconstructive basis set, as well as, additional basis sets representing variational sources in the population like age and pathology. The proposed framework is applied to a study of diffusion-based connectivity in subjects with autism that shows localized sparse sub-networks which mostly capture the changes related to pathology and developmental variations.
Capacity building and human resource development for tobacco control in Latin America

Objective. To assess capacity and human resources in Latin America countries and compare with other countries. Material and Methods. Data were gathered through needs assessments that were conducted at the 2009 World Conference on Tobacco or Health, and the 2 nd Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco-International American Heart Foundation, Latin America Tobacco Control Conference held in Mexico City in 2009. Results. In comparing Latin America respondents to respondents from other countries, we found that the average number of years in tobacco control was higher and the majority of respondents reported higher levels of educational attainment. Respondents reported lack of funding and other resources as their number one challenge, as well as, tobacco industry interference and lack of political will to implement tobacco control policies. Conclusions. In Latin America there are some countries that have made significant progress in building their capacity and human resources to address their tobacco epidemics, but much still needs to be done.
Lactation intensity and fasting plasma lipids, lipoproteins, non-esterified free fatty acids, leptin and adiponectin in postpartum women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus: The SWIFT cohort

Abstract Objectives Lactation may influence future progression to type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, biomarkers associated with progression to glucose intolerance have not been examined in relation to lactation intensity among postpartum women with previous GDM. This study investigates whether higher lactation intensity is related to more favorable blood lipids, lipoproteins and adipokines after GDM pregnancy independent of obesity, socio-demographics and insulin resistance. Methods The Study of Women, Infant Feeding, and Type 2 Diabetes (SWIFT) is a prospective cohort study that recruited 1035 women diagnosed with GDM by the 3-h 100g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) after delivery of a live birth in 2008–2011. Research staff conducted 2-h 75 g OGTTs, and assessed lactation intensity, anthropometry, lifestyle behaviors and socio-demographics at 6–9 weeks postpartum (baseline). We assayed fasting plasma lipids, lipoproteins, non-esterified free fatty acids, leptin and adiponectin from stored samples obtained at 6–9 weeks postpartum in 1007 of the SWIFT participants who were free of diabetes at baseline. Mean biomarker concentrations were compared among lactation intensity groups using multivariable linear regression models. Results Increasing lactation intensity showed graded monotonic associations with fully adjusted mean biomarkers: 5%–8% higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), 20%–28% lower fasting triglycerides, 15%–21% lower leptin (all trend P -values P -value=0.04). Conclusion Higher lactation intensity was associated with more favorable biomarkers for type 2 diabetes, except for lower plasma adiponectin, after GDM delivery. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess whether these effects of lactation persist to predict progression to glucose intolerance.
Clergy's Attitudes and Attributions of Blame Toward Female Rape Victims

Th authors investigated clergy's attitudes toward rape victims by using the Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale and three rape scenarios (marital, date, and acquaintance). Clergy's sexism and religious fundamentalism were also measured. Results indicated that the more fundamentalist and sexist the clergy were, the more negative their attitudes toward rape victims. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that clergy take into account the woman's resistance, provocative behavior, decision making, marital role, and unusual behaviorwhen assigning responsibility for rape. The results indicated that most clergy blame the victimand adhere to rape myths; therefore, they need to be more educated about sexual assault.
Facial and dental arch asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusion.

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to: determine if any significant differences existed with regard to dental arch and facial asymmetries between persons having malocclusions with well-defined asymmetric characteristics, specifically Angle's Class II subdivision malocclusions, and persons having normal occlusions. Secondarily, it was sought to determine the nature of the differences that contributed to the asymmetric occlusal relationship of buccal segments observed in Class II subdivision malocclusions. The sample consisted of 28 subjects in each of the two groups. All possessed a full complement of permanent teeth including first molars. The average age of subjects in both groups was 17 years. Measurements primarily of a linear nature were obtained from posteroanterior and lateral cephalometric radiographs in addition to dental models. Specific measurements were summed to produce various indices of asymmetry. Variables were analyzed with multivariate discriminant analysis. A significant discrimination between the two groups resulted; variables describing asymmetry of the dentoalveolar region of the mandible appeared to be the primary contributors to the difference obtained. Asymmetry of the maxiliary-dentoaiveolar region appeared to make a secondary contribution.
Assessing (In)security after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt

In nearly three years, Egypt has transitioned from a large-scale uprising against one of the region's longest-standing rulers to an even more massive revolt that led to the military ousting the country's first democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi. Between the two popular uprisings, new pacts and unlikely alliances emerged, deepened, and, in some cases, then disappeared. For its part, the army evolved from being an accomplice of the old regime, to then being an uneasy partner of the ascendant Muslim Brotherhood and, most recently, on to rebranding itself as an ally of non-Islamists and a protector of the popular will. Loosely aligned liberals, leftists, and nationalists, meanwhile, shifted from offering support for democratic elections to backing a “democratic” coup out of fear that the elected Islamists might monopolize and never relinquish power in a conservative new regime. That fear came in response to the Brotherhood's own shifting position, which moved from a commitment to “participation not domination” to a strategy of controlling the legislature and the presidency, although they were ultimately forced back into hiding before they could neutralize the judiciary and the army. And finally, the other Islamist movement, the ultraconservative Salafists, initially displayed no interest in the political process, but then mobilized and ultimately enjoyed striking success in the elections of 2011–12. Surprisingly, however, despite their presumed ideological proximity to the Brotherhood, many Salafists went on to back the military's removal of Morsi in July 2013, but then did not lend support to the interim government that was constructed in wake of Morsi's fall. In this multilayered, fast-paced political environment, mass protests, arrests, and violence have become routine.
Keystroke Active Authentications Based on Most Frequently Used Words

The aim of this research is to advance the user active authentication technology using keystroke dynamics. Through this research, we assess the performance and influence of various keystroke features on keystroke dynamics authentication systems. In particular, we investigate the performance of keystroke features on a subset of most frequently used English words. The performance of four features including key duration, flight time latency, diagraph time latency, and word total time duration are analyzed. Experiments are performed to measure the performance of each feature individually and the results from the different subsets of these features. The results of the experiments are evaluated using 28 users. The experimental results show that diagraph time offers the best performance result among all four keystroke features, followed by flight time. Furthermore, the paper introduces new feature which can be effectively used in the keystroke dynamics domain.
Integrating Black feminist thought into conceptual frameworks of African American adolescent women's sexual scripting processes

This paper integrates Black feminist thought with Simon and Gagnon’s (1986). Sexual Scripts: Permanence and Change. Archives of Several Behaviour, 15, 97–120.) framework of sexual script development to illustrate ways in which sexuality socialization, messages, and meanings are internalized and are manifested through sexual scripts among African American adolescent women. The influence of the media, peers, family, and racial and gender identity factors in this process are highlighted. As blueprints about sexual norms, behavior, and experiences, the sexual scripting processes identified through this new paradigm have implications for research and programming that target human sexuality issues within this population.
Type III Pilus of Corynebacteria: Pilus Length Is Determined by the Level of Its Major Pilin Subunit

Multiple pilus gene clusters have been identified in several gram-positive bacterial genomes sequenced to date, including the Actinomycetales, clostridia, streptococci, and corynebacteria. The genome of Corynebacterium diphtheriae contains three pilus gene clusters, two of which have been previously characterized. Here, we report the characterization of the third pilus encoded by the spaHIG cluster. By using electron microscopy and biochemical analysis, we demonstrate that SpaH forms the pilus shaft, while SpaI decorates the structure and SpaG is largely located at the pilus tip. The assembly of the SpaHIG pilus requires a specific sortase located within the spaHIG pilus gene cluster. Deletion of genes specific for the synthesis and polymerization of the other two pilus types does not affect the SpaHIG pilus. Moreover, SpaH but not SpaI or SpaG is essential for the formation of the filament. When expressed under the control of an inducible promoter, the amount of the SpaH pilin regulates pilus length; no pili are assembled from an SpaH precursor that has an alanine in place of the conserved lysine of the SpaH pilin motif. Thus, the spaHIG pilus gene cluster encodes a pilus structure that is independently assembled and antigenically distinct from other pili of C. diphtheriae. We incorporate these findings in a model of sortase-mediated pilus assembly that may be applicable to many gram-positive pathogens.
Can dieting cause an eating disorder

Although claims that the eating disorders have reached epidemic proportions in the West are clearly exaggerated (Fairburn & Beglin, 1990), anorexia and bulimia nervosa are among the commonest psychiatric disorders to affect young women in Western societies (Whitaker et al. 1990; Kendler et al. 1991). Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with these disorders (for reviews see Hsu, 1990, 1991), there is no cause for complacency, and continued research into their pathogenesis, treatment and outcome is needed.
Frequency of Cardiac Death in Children With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The prognosis in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is guarded, with the 5-year mortality rate ranging from 14% to 50%, owing to sudden cardiac death (SCD) or pump failure. The risk factors for SCD in adults with IDC include asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and poor left ventricular function. It is unclear whether these findings can be extrapolated to the pediatric population. A retrospective review of all patients with the diagnosis of IDC seen at a single institution from 1990 to 2004 was performed. A total of 85 patients (46 males), with a median age of 3.8 years (0 days to 17.3 years) were studied. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 ± 12% (median 23%, range 45% to 45%) at presentation. The following arrhythmias occurred at presentation or during the initial hospitalization: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 6, sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in 1, supraventricular arrhythmias in 6, and both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in 1. During a subsequent hospitalization or outpatient follow-up, 7 patients had the following arrhythmias: supraventricular arrhythmias in 2, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 4, and both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in 1. The cumulative survival rate was 40% at a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 8.1). One single episode of SCD occurred in 1 patient without a history of sustained arrhythmias. In conclusion, in children with IDC, despite the low left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of ventricular arrhythmias, only one episode of SCD occurred in this group of patients. Given the 1% incidence of SCD in this cohort, the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators as primary prevention in children with IDC might not be indicated.
Contesting Racism: Democratic Citizenship, Human Rights, and Antiracist Politics in Argentina

In Argentina, racism is a relatively hidden but entrenched social problem that has undermined democratic citizenship and social justice efforts. An analysis of ethno-racial discourses (by the state...
Observation-based cooperation in mobile sensor networks: A bio-inspired approach for fault tolerant coverage

We consider the problem of dispersing nodes of a mobile sensor network to cover an unknown environment. Approaches that use observation to infer state and intent to disperse robot nodes are presented. Nodes use their observations to decide on their next actions. With simulated and physical node experiments, we compare observation-based approaches to no communications, direct communications, and potential field approaches. Experimental results show that using observation to infer state and intent to disperse nodes performs better than non-communicative and potential field based cooperation and in some cases direct communications.
How to design an opioid drug that causes reduced tolerance and dependence

Mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists such as morphine are extremely effective treatments for acute pain. In the setting of chronic pain, however, their long-term utility is limited by the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Drug companies have tried to overcome these problems by simply "dialing up" signal transduction at the receptor, designing more potent and efficacious agonists and more long-lasting formulations. Neither of these strategies has proven to be successful, however, because the net amount of signal transduction, particularly over extended periods of drug use, is a product of much more than the pharmacokinetic properties of potency, efficacy, half-life, and bioavailability, the mainstays of traditional pharmaceutical screening. Both the quantity and quality of signal transduction are influenced by many regulated processes, including receptor desensitization, trafficking, and oligomerization. Importantly, the efficiency with which an agonist first stimulates signal transduction is not necessarily related to the efficiency with which it stimulates these other processes. Here we describe recent findings that suggest MOR agonists with diminished propensity to cause tolerance and dependence can be identified by screening drugs for the ability to induce MOR desensitization, endocytosis, and recycling. We also discuss preliminary evidence that heteromers of the delta opioid receptor and the MOR are pronociceptive, and that drugs that spare such heteromers may also induce reduced tolerance.
CrashTest: A fast high-fidelity FPGA-based resiliency analysis framework

Extreme scaling practices in silicon technology are quickly leading to integrated circuit components with limited reliability, where phenomena such as early-transistor failures, gate-oxide wearout, and transient faults are becoming increasingly common. In order to overcome these issues and develop robust design techniques for large-market silicon ICs, it is necessary to rely on accurate failure analysis frameworks which enable design houses to faithfully evaluate both the impact of a wide range of potential failures and the ability of candidate reliable mechanisms to overcome them. Unfortunately, while failure rates are already growing beyond economically viable limits, no fault analysis framework is yet available that is both accurate and can operate on a complex integrated system. To address this void, we present CrashTest, a fast, high-fidelity and flexible resiliency analysis system. Given a hardware description model of the design under analysis, CrashTest is capable of orchestrating and performing a comprehensive design resiliency analysis by examining how the design reacts to faults while running software applications. Upon completion, CrashTest provides a high-fidelity analysis report obtained by performing a fault injection campaign at the gate-level netlist of the design. The fault injection and analysis process is significantly accelerated by the use of an FPGA hardware emulation platform. We conducted experimental evaluations on a range of systems, including a complex LEON-based system-on-chip, and evaluated the impact of gate-level injected faults at the system level. We found that CrashTest is 16-90x faster than an equivalent software-based framework, when analyzing designs through direct primary I/Os. As shown by our LEON-based SoC experiments, CrashTest exhibits emulation speeds that are six orders of magnitude faster than simulation.
Utility of telomerase-pot1 fusion protein in vascular tissue engineering.

While advances in regenerative medicine and vascular tissue engineering have been substantial in recent years, important stumbling blocks remain. In particular, the limited lifespan of differentiated cells that are harvested from elderly human donors is an important limitation in many areas of regenerative medicine. Recently, a mutant of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme (TERT) was described, which is highly processive and elongates telomeres more rapidly than conventional telomerase. This mutant, called pot1-TERT, is a chimeric fusion between the DNA binding protein pot1 and TERT. Because pot1-TERT is highly processive, it is possible that transient delivery of this transgene to cells that are utilized in regenerative medicine applications may elongate telomeres and extend cellular lifespan while avoiding risks that are associated with retroviral or lentiviral vectors. In the present study, adenoviral delivery of pot1-TERT resulted in transient reconstitution of telomerase activity in human smooth muscle cells, as demonstrated by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). In addition, human engineered vessels that were cultured using pot1-TERT expressing cells had greater collagen content and somewhat better performance in vivo than control grafts. Hence, transient delivery of pot1-TERT to elderly human cells may be useful for increasing cellular lifespan and improving the functional characteristics of resultant tissue engineered constructs.
Root resorption leading to linkage of dentinal collagen and gingival fibers? A case report.

Abstract A maxillary central incisor in a 55-year-old Caucasian female was extracted in modified block as part of a histologic study of gingival responses to subgingival crown placement. The facial portion of this block showed preclinical pocket depth of 1.0 mm with moderate gingival inflammation. The block was extracted 2 weeks after crown placement and prepared for histologic evaluation. Histologic responses to subgingival crown placement were, among others: gingival recession (1.0 mm), reformation of crevicular depth (0.7 mm) and remodelling of the gingival and periodontal attachment apparatus. Histologic evaluations of the gingival unit using cellular and connective tissue stains revealed an area of root resorption immediately apical to the junctional epithelium at a portion of the facial surface. Root resorption had progressed into demin. Gingival connective tissue abutted the dentinal surface. Collagen stains showed the presence of tufts of collagen fibrils which appeared to arise from the dentin. These fibrillar elements seemed to splice with collagen fibrils found in the gingival connective tissue. The specimen thus suggests the possibility of a fiber linkage attachment involving exposed dentinal fibers as part of gingival repair following injury.
Anesthesia and Acute Care Surgery

A 22-year-old man, previously healthy with no comorbidities, is undergoing acute care surgery and suddenly becomes tachycardic with a documented increase in expired CO2. The anesthesiologist notices rigidity of the masseter muscles. Which of the following is the most prudent management decision at this time? (A) Immediate cessation of the operation (B) Insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter (C) Administration of benadryl (D) Change from volatile anesthetic agents to a total intravenous technique (E) Temperature control (warming maneuvers)