cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient diode-laser-pumped 946 nm Nd:YAG laser with resonator-enhanced pump absorption

The pump absorption of a 946-nm Nd:YAG laser was improved by resonating the GaAlAs diode-laser pump light in the 0.33-mm-long, monolithic laser resonator, whose maximum single pass pump absorption was only 18%. When the diode laser frequency was tuned to the pump resonance that was properly impedance matched, the Nd:YAG laser produced 29 mW from an incident diode laser power of 61 mW, for an overall efficiency of 48%. Laser oscillation was observed at both 946 nm and 938 nm. >
Using chaos to broaden the capture range of a phase-locked loop

Phase-space trajectories on a chaotic attractor densely cover a set of nonzero measures, making all points in that set reachable from any initial condition in its basin of attraction. Moreover, the size, shape, and position of the attractor are affected by changes in system parameters, following certain highly characteristic patterns. These properties have been used, in simulations, to broaden the capture range of the common phase locked loop circuit. An external modulating input is used to throw the unlocked loop into a chaotic regime that overlaps the original capture range. The chaos-inducing modulation is then turned off, allowing the loop's original dynamics to capture the signal. This technique is not limited to this system or even to this branch of engineering; it applies, with a few constraints and limitations, to any system that exhibits chaotic behavior and that is subject to design requirements. >
Ecology of Lake Superior: Preface and Prospectus

This Special Issue of Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management (AEHM) is based on 11 of the papers presented at a three-day International Conference in Duluth, MN held in May 2010, and titled “Ecolo...
BN phenome: detailed characterization of the cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary systems of the sequenced rat.

The postgenome era has provided resources to link disease phenotypes to the genomic sequence, i.e., creating a disease “phenome.” Our detailed characterization of the sequenced BN rat strain (BN/NH...
Environmental effects on latex paint coatings. II. CP/MAS 13C-NMR and XPS investigations of structural changes in the base polymer

Films of a base polymer, primarily a terpolymer of n-butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl chloride, that is used in latex paint, have been exposed to various combinations of UV/air, UV/SO2, and UV/SO2/H2O. Reported here are results of elemental analyses, XPS and 13C magic angle spinning NMR of the exposed samples. When samples are exposed to UV/SO2 or UV/SO2/H2O, there is clear evidence of the incorporation of sulfur into the polymer, and there is significant loss of the acetate group in the copolymer. There is also evidence of the formation of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds which is due to loss of the acetate groups and some dehydrohalogenation. During the time scale of exposures, changes in the composition and structure of samples exposed to UV/air were not detected by the techniques considered here although some chain scission and crosslinking undoubtedly occur. The results suggest a synergistic interaction between SO2 and UV leading to rapid degradation of the polymer, and that the presence of atmospheric SO2 pollutants can have an adverse effect on the lifetime of latex coating materials.
Computation of Unsteady Nonlinear Flows in Cascades Using a Harmonic Balance Technique

A harmonic balance technique for modeling unsteady nonlinear e ows in turbomachinery is presented. The analysis exploits the fact that many unsteady e ows of interest in turbomachinery are periodic in time. Thus, the unsteady e ow conservation variables may be represented by a Fourier series in time with spatially varying coefe cients. This assumption leads to a harmonic balance form of the Euler or Navier ‐Stokes equations, which, in turn, can be solved efe ciently as a steady problem using conventional computational e uid dynamic (CFD) methods, including pseudotime time marching with local time stepping and multigrid acceleration. Thus, the method is computationally efe cient, at least one to two orders of magnitude faster than conventional nonlinear time-domain CFD simulations. Computational results for unsteady, transonic, viscous e ow in the front stage rotor of a high-pressure compressor demonstrate that even strongly nonlinear e ows can be modeled to engineering accuracy with a small number of terms retained in the Fourier series representation of the e ow. Furthermore, in some cases, e uid nonlinearities are found to be important for surprisingly small blade vibrations.
Fatal gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: An analysis of treatment failures at the Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center from 1979–2012 compared to 1962–1978

Abstract Objective To determine clinical factors that contributed to death from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) at the Brewer Trophoblastic Disease Center from 1979–2012 compared to 1962–1978. Methods Nineteen women who died of GTN from 1979–2012 were retrospectively identified and compared to 45 women previously reported on who died of GTN from 1962–1978. Clinical factors analyzed included demographics, pretreatment human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level, duration of disease, antecedent pregnancy, number and sites of metastases, FIGO stage and score, treatment, and cause of death. Results Death from GTN occurred in 19 (4%) of 483 patients treated from 1979–2012 compared to 45 (11%) of 396 patients treated from 1962–1978 ( P 100,000mIU/mL, time from pregnancy event to treatment >4months, nonmolar antecedent pregnancy and use of surgery to control metastatic disease were similar between the two treatment eras. Patients in the recent series were more likely to have presented with FIGO IV disease or brain metastasis, been initially treated with multiagent chemotherapy, and received treatment before referral to our center compared to the earlier series. The most common causes of death from 1979–2012 and 1962–1978 were hemorrhage from one or more metastatic sites (11% vs. 42%), respiratory failure (37% vs. 31%), and multiorgan failure due to widespread chemoresistant disease (42% vs. 8%), respectively. Conclusions Our overall survival rate in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia improved from 89% in 1962–1978 to 96% in 1979–2012. More patients treated between 1979–2012 died from widespread chemoresistant disease rather than hemorrhagic complications.
GntP Is the Escherichia coli Fructuronic Acid Transporter and Belongs to the UxuR Regulon

Escherichia coli has four gluconate transporters, GntP, GntU, GntT, and IdnT, which are members of the major facilitator superfamily. The physiological function of GntP was previously unknown and is the subject of this study. GntP is not induced by gluconate, and despite being located adjacent to genes involved in glucuronate catabolism, gntP does not encode a glucuronate transporter. Here we identify gntP as the gene which encodes the fructuronate transporter. We show that gntP is induced by fructuronate and is a new member of the UxuR regulon: gntP is derepressed in an uxuR strain, UxuR binds in vitro specifically to an operator site that overlaps the gntP promoter, and UxuR binding is eliminated by fructuronate. Transcription of gntP requires activation by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein. A gntP mutant cannot grow on fructuronate but grows normally on glucuronate and gluconate. Thus, the UxuR regulon is a module of sugar acid catabolism whose physiological role is for growth on fructuronate. Glucuronate, because it proceeds through a fructuronate intermediate, must induce the UxuR regulon and must also induce the ExuR regulon, which encodes the glucuronate transporter, ExuT, and the first step in its catabolism, UxaC. Thus, hexuronate catabolism in E. coli requires both the ExuR and UxuR regulons, while fructuronate catabolism requires only the UxuR regulon.
Latinas and Sexual Assault: Towards Culturally Sensitive Assessment and Intervention.

SUMMARY This paper will discuss the problem of sexual assault among Latinas, an under-researched population whose social and cultural characteristics contextualize the trauma of sexual assault in ways that need to be considered by service providers striving to provide culturally syntonic interventions. The authors will present the sparse empirical data on sexual assault among Latinas, Including prevalence, assault characteristics, and post-assault sequelae. Given the bicultural reality of most Latinas in the U.S., a working model of sexual assault in Latinas is presented that frames the problem as occurring within both traditional Latino and modern American gender role systems. The result is a dual dilemma for Latina victims of sexual assault with both negative and positive implications that need to be better understood by victims and service providers.
Nucleon structure functions from νμ-Fe scattering at the Tevatron

Abstract Preliminary measurements of structure functions have been made from a sample of 1,281,000 ν μ and 270,000 ν μ charged current events with 30 GeV σ( ν μ )/σ(ν μ ) = .511 ± .002 ( stat ) ± .005 ( syst ) , and an analysis of the Q2 evolution of xF3.
Discerning the differential molecular pathology of proliferative middle ear lesions using Raman spectroscopy

Despite its widespread prevalence, middle ear pathology, especially the development of proliferative lesions, remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Diagnostic evaluation is still predicated upon a high index of clinical suspicion on otoscopic examination of gross morphologic features. We report the first technique that has the potential to non-invasively identify two key lesions, namely cholesteatoma and myringosclerosis, by providing real-time information of differentially expressed molecules. In addition to revealing signatures consistent with the known pathobiology of these lesions, our observations provide the first evidence of the presence of carbonate- and silicate-substitutions in the calcium phosphate plaques found in myringosclerosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy to not only provide new understanding of the etiology of these conditions by defining objective molecular markers but also aid in margin assessment to improve surgical outcome.
Killing Conscience: The Behavioral Effects of 'Pay for Performance'

Contemporary lawmakers and reformers often assume that ex ante incentive contracts providing for large material rewards are the best, and possibly only, way to motivate corporate executives and other employees to serve their firms’ interests. This article critiques the "pay for performance" approach. It surveys empirical evidence from behavioral science that demonstrates that relying on material incentives to motivate performance in incomplete relational contracts can be counterproductive, because it can suppress desirable unselfish pro-social behavior (conscience). The article explores how, for a variety of mutually-reinforcing reasons, workplaces that rely on incentive-based pay can discourage conscientious behavior and instead encourage opportunism and even illegality.
Absorption of taurocholate-24-14C through the canine gastric mucosa.

SummaryWhen neutral solutions of natural dog bile or of synthetic taurocholate labeled with chromatographically pure taurocholate-24-14C were placed in pouches of the oxyntic gland area of the dog's stomach, total radioactivity decreased. Calculated rate of absorption of taurocholate was greater the higher the concentration of taurocholate in the pouch, and it ranged from 12 to 304 μM per hour. That bile salt can be absorbed from the stomach into venous blood was shown by the fact that when the stomach of an anesthetized dog was filled with a neutral solution of 10 mM bile salts derived from dog bile and labeled with taurocholate-24-14C, radioactivity appeared in the fluid collected by cannulation of the animal's bile duct.
Flight Mechanics and Control Issues for Micro Air Vehicles

*† ‡ Micro air vehicles (MAVs) pose unique challenges for autonomous controlled flight. MAVs are extremely small in size (~ 15 cm), slow in speed (~10 m/s), and light in weight (~ 100 gm). Additionally, their small size gives rise to low Reynolds number (~ 50,000) flight regimes where aerodynamic separation and unsteadiness are known to occur. The result is that MAVs are sensitive to small changes in flight conditions and atmospheric disturbances (i.e., wind gusts). Additionally, some classes of MAVs tend to have a high degree of structural flexibility due to packaging or aerodynamic considerations. For this class of MAV, aero-structural interaction is dominant which leads to changes in the vehicle’s mass properties, aerodynamic coefficients, and stability derivatives. All these factors need to be considered in autonomous flight control development for MAVs. This paper presents initial results on the modeling of a generic MAV configuration with “flexible” wings which is a form of passive morphing. For this work, the MAV’s wing dihedral is allowed to vary based upon vertical loading. The aerodynamics and mass properties for several fixed dihedral, symmetric wing airframe configurations are computed and integrated into a high fidelity 6DoF rigid body simulation. The open- and closed-loop responses of the MAV are compared to a MAV with fixed wings due to control doublets. The results indicate a slight reduction in the transient response to the control doublets for the flexible wing MAV versus the fixed wing MAV. However, a more detailed aero-structural model needs to be developed for detailed control development.
Analysis of HIV voluntary counseling and testing in 2009 in Changzhi city

Objective To understand the situation of HIV voluntary counseling and testing in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and treatment of AIDS.Methods The information about 3226 cases from 18 voluntary counseling and testing the city's point was analyzed with the spss software.Results(1)3226 cases of people were 1643 in men,1683 in women,the ratio of male to female 1 1;junior middle school education accounted for 47.7%, aged 20-39 years of age,accounting for 80.7%;Marriage situation to married,accounting for 62.3%;(2)Non- marital heterosexual sex in seeking consultation type accounted for 73.2%;to provide referral services to 326 persons, accounting for 9.8%;the proportion of VCT outpatients in General Hospital was 8.7%;(3)6 HIV-positive patients were detected,the positive rate was 0.18%.Conclusion Various measures should be taken to improve the provision rate of intermediary services and the VCT outpatients in general hospitals,so that HIV voluntary counseling become an effective means of AIDS prevention and control.
Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Antennas.

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) dipole antennas have been successfully designed, fabricated, and tested. Antennas of varying lengths were fabricated using flexible bulk MWCNT sheet material and evaluated to confirm the validity of a full-wave antenna design equation. The ∼20× improvement in electrical conductivity provided by chemically doped SWCNT thin films over MWCNT sheets presents an opportunity for the fabrication of thin-film antennas, leading to potentially simplified system integration and optical transparency. The resonance characteristics of a fabricated chlorosulfonic acid-doped SWCNT thin-film antenna demonstrate the feasibility of the technology and indicate that when the sheet resistance of the thin film is >40 ohm/sq no power is absorbed by the antenna and that a sheet resistance of <10 ohm/sq is needed to achieve a 10 dB return loss in the unbalanced antenna. The dependence of the return loss performance on the SWCNT sheet resistance is consis...
Short-Sales Constraints & Aftermarket IPO Pricing

It is well established that initial public offerings (IPOs) tend to experience positive first-day returns followed by underperformance, especially around the expiration of lockup agreements. Miller’s (1977) theory offers a unified explanation based on divergence of investor opinions about fundamental value combined with short-sales constraints. Our paper provides a test of Miller’s explanation by analyzing detailed data from the securities lending market. While prior research is inconclusive with respect to the importance of Miller’s theory in the IPO setting, our paper finds evidence that the combination of heterogeneous investor opinions with short-sales constraints is key to explaining aftermarket IPO pricing.
A Mechano-Hydraulic Model of Intracranial Pressure Dynamics

The brain is a multi-phase mixture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), vasculature, and brain cells. The intracranial pressure (ICP) of the CSF can be monitored to assess patients suffering from serious neurological disorders, such as hydrocephalus and traumatic brain injury. However, the only reliable way to measure ICP is to drill a hole through the skull to insert a pressure sensor inside the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to create accurate mathematical models that couple the temporal dynamics of ICP with clinically-observable physiological parameters that can be measured non-invasively. In this paper, we present a new mechano-hydraulic mathematical model that allows one to study the dynamics arising from the coupling between the mechanics of brain, CSF circulation, and cerebral blood flow. We will study the dynamics of the model and examine domains of stability.
Experimental validation of Radio Frequency Tomography for an inhomogeneous medium

Experimental tests to validate Radio Frequency Tomography (RFT) in the case of an inhomogeneous scenario are reported in this work. The experiments dealt with the imaging of objects buried in a box surrounded by air and filled with sand or gravel. RFT is based on the linear model provided by Born approximation and assumes that multiple transmitters and receivers surround the structure under investigation. The model here adopted accounts for the Green's function of the inhomogeneous medium, which is evaluated numerically by a commercial computational electromagnetic software based on the Method of Moments. Reconstruction results highlight the performance and practical limitations of the RFT approach.
Sound, Trace and Interference

Neuro-psychological assumptions on the dynamics of remembering and the persistence of memory traces that have been silenced or remained unremembered are discussed in relation to cultural and transcultural models of memory. The chapter considers the memory trace as sound (an inherent component of the moving image) through the artistic practice of sound artist Bill Fontana. By translocating and broadcasting environmental atmospherics across different places Fontana’s sound-sculptures generate memory-scapes where spatiality and temporality are articulated through a mediatized trace that share the quasi-simultaneity, obsolescence and duration of new digital technologies thus foregrounding some the issues that denote the uses of the past in our time. The chapter examines the interference but also potential for rememoration that the traces of what is unremembered or silenced can generate.
Analysis of system-dependent factors affecting pixelated CdZnTe detector performance through simulation

Charge sharing and weighting potential cross-talk between pixels are important factors that degrade the energy resolution in multiple-pixel events. However, simulation studies indicate that these factors cannot fully explain the measured energy resolution degradation for multiple-pixel events nor the Compton image distortion observed in some detector systems. This work presents simulation-based analysis of additional factors that degrade the performance of pixelated CdZnTe detectors coupled to the Gamma Medica Ideas (GMI) VAS UM/TAT4 ASIC and the H3Dv2 ASIC from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The peak-hold circuitry in the GMI ASIC cannot properly hold the signal amplitude while the BNL ASIC does not have this problem. The impact of this peak-hold drop on the energy resolution is studied for multiple-pixel events and a calibration technique to overcome this effect is validated. Many CdZnTe detectors have non-uniform performance on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The impact of single-pixel energy resolution non-uniformity is studied for multiple-pixel events. The GMI ASIC uses a simple threshold time pick-off with the common start of the system triggered by the cathode, while the BNL ASIC uses the peaking time with the common start triggered by the anode. The impacts of these schemes are isolated and analyzed through simulation. Overall, the simulation package considers gamma-ray interactions within the CdZnTe crystal, charge induction, electronic noise, pulse shaping, peak-hold drop and ASIC triggering procedures. The simulation package considers different timing pick-off techniques for both the GMI VAS UM/TAT4 ASIC and the H3Dv2 ASIC.
Abstract P276: Cardiac-Specific Knockout NF-kB Mice Resist Dysfunction Induced by Global Ischemia-Reperfusion

Subjective: Nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-kB) is a pluripotent transcriptional factor that has been implicated as mediator of cardiac injury after ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Multiple approaches have been used to target inhibition of NF-kB, yet these strategies are often non-specific. P65-NF-kB exists as a heterodimer with its p50 subunit and is the dominant transcriptional subunit of NF-kB. In order to better understand its role in the heart, we have recently generated mice that have cardiomyocyte (CMC) specific deletion of p65 NF-kB and hypothesized that these animals would be protected from ischemic stress. Methods: Transgenic mice were generated with (WT) or without CMC p65 (KO). NF-kB p65 expression was assessed with Western Blots. We subjected the mice to global IR using Langendorf system with baseline 20 min, ischemia 45 min and reperfusion 60 min. Cardiac contractile functional recovery was analyzed using rate pressure product (RPP), contractility (+dp/dt), and relaxation (-dp/dt). Infarct size was assessed with TTC staining. LDH and CK were measured in reperfused solutions. Results: 1. No differences were found between groups of WT (n=7) and KO (n=8) in body weight and heart weight. 2. KO mice express significant less cardiac-specific NF-kB p65. 3. During reperfusion, RPP, +dp/dt, -dp/dt recovery to base line were all better in p65 KO mice (RPP: 0.841±0.074 in KO vs 0.635±0.080 in WT; +dp/dt: 0.997±0.096 in KO vs 0.731±0.108 in WT; -dp/dt: 0.869±0.096 in KO vs 0.630±0.090 in WT; p 4. After ischemia, both LDH and CK release were markedly less in solutions collected from p65 KO heart (LDH: 45.2±28.0 u/L; CK: 28.1±23.6 u/L) than those in p65 WT heart (LDH: 143.2±25.9 u/L; CK: 107.2±26.2 u/L; p,0.01 respectively). 5. TTC staining shown significant less necrotic tissue in KO heart vs WT heart (0.314±0.052 vs 0.653±0.061, p Conclusion: CMC-specific knockout NF-kB p65 mice have improved cardiac recovery function, less heart necrosis, and decreased CMC injury compared to WT after global heart ischemia. These studies confirm many of the previous studies suggesting a protective role for anti-NF-kB strategies for ischemia. It furthermore provides a template to further define the mechanisms of p65-NF-kB afforded cardioprotection.
Inheritance of resistance to four cucurbit viruses in Cucurbita moschata

Cucurbita moschata cv. Nigerian Local has been used as a source of resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Papaya ringspot virus W (PRSV-W) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in breeding both Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo. We used the F1, F2 and BC1 generations derived from the cross C.-moschata cv. Waltham Butternut × Nigerian Local to study the inheritance of resistance to each of the viruses. We confirmed monogenic dominant resistance to ZYMV previously attributed to Zym, and we report monogenic dominant resistance to WMV and CMV which we propose to designate Wmv and Cmv, respectively. A single recessive gene, which we propose to designate prv, controls resistance to PRSV. DNA samples were extracted from a Waltham Butternut BC1 F1 population screened with ZYMV and analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. No RAPD markers linked to ZYMV resistance were found.
Recovery of bioactive molecules from chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by-products through extraction by different solvents.

AbstractThe underutilised forest and industrial biomass of Castanea sativa (Mill.) is generally discarded during post-harvest and food processing, with high impact on environmental quality. The searching on alternative sources of natural antioxidants from low-cost supplies, by methods involving environment-friendly techniques, has become a major goal of numerous researches in recent times. The aim of the present study was the set-up of a biomolecules extraction procedure from chestnut leaves, burs and shells and the assessing of their potential antioxidant activity. Boiling water was the best extraction solvent referring to polyphenols from chestnut shells and burs, whereas the most efficient for leaves resulted 60% ethanol at room temperature. Greatest polyphenol contents were 90.35, 60.01 and 17.68 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 in leaves, burs and shells, respectively. Moreover, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity were assessed on the best extract obtained from each chestnut by-product.
Random Walk and First Step Analysis

The fountainhead of the theory of stochastic processes is simple random walk. Already rich in unexpected and elegant phenomena, random walk also leads one inexorably to the development of Brownian motion, the theory of diffusions, the Ito calculus, and myriad important applications in finance, economics, and physical science.
Bronchial Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Acute Hemoptysis

Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition often defined as coughing up 300-600mL of blood in 24 hours in an adult, or >8mL/kg in 24 hours in a child. Although the definition is controversial, one should view massive hemoptysis as any volume of expectorated blood that can cause respiratory failure. This is because mortality in the setting of hemoptysis is usually associated with asphyxiation, rather than exsanguination. Massive hemoptysis accounts for only about 5% of cases of hemoptysis, but when treated conservatively, has a reported mortality rate between 50% and 85%. Etiologies vary widely based on demographics. In children, infectious causes predominate in developing countries, and cystic fibrosis predominates among children of European descent. In adults, malignancy, bronchiectasis, and chronic infection are the most common causes. Treatment begins with resuscitation and airway protection, followed by minimally invasive bronchoscopic and endovascular techniques. Surgical interventions are considered last line therapy due to mortality rates of 37%-43% in the setting of massive hemoptysis. Bronchial artery embolization is now considered the treatment of choice for massive hemoptysis.
Should the SBDC Program be Dismantled

This article offers the results of an analysis of SBDC client evaluations in Iowa. This analysis reveals a high evaluation of faculty and staff at SBDC's relative to other consultants and points ou...
A staggered eigensolver based on sparse matrix bidiagonalization

We present a method for calculating eigenvectors of the staggered Dirac operator based on the Golub-Kahan-Lanczos bidiagonalization algorithm. Instead of using orthogonalization during the bidiagonalization procedure to increase stability, we choose to stabilize the method by combining it with an outer iteration that refines the approximate eigenvectors obtained from the inner bidiagonalization procedure. We discuss the performance of the current implementation using QEX and compare with other methods.
Electrophysiological Source Imaging: A Noninvasive Window to Brain Dynamics.

Brain activity and connectivity are distributed in the three-dimensional space and evolve in time. It is important to image brain dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution. Electroencephal...
Directions for Future Research

The other articles in this issue have attempted to present brief, up-to-date summaries of the current issues regarding mood disorders in prepubertal children and adolescents. This article concentrates on future research directions that may lead to advances in the field.
Assignment methodology for larger RNA oligonucleotides: Application to an ATP-binding RNA aptamer

The use of uniform 13C, 15N labeling in the NMR spectroscopic study of RNA structures has greatly facilitated the assignment process in small RNA oligonucleotides. For ribose spin system assignments, exploitation of these labels has followed previously developed methods for the study of proteins. However, for sequential assignment of the exchangeable and nonexchangeable protons of the nucleotides, it has been necessary to develop a variety of new NMR experiments. Even these are of limited utility in the unambiguous assignment of larger RNAs due to the short carbon relaxation times and extensive spectral overlap for all nuclei. These problems can largely be overcome by the additional use of basetype selectively 13C, 15N-labeled RNA in combination with a judicious use of related RNAs with base substitutions. We report the application of this approach to a 36-nucleotide ATP-binding RNA aptamer in complex with AMP. Complete sequential 1H assignments, as well as the majority of 13C and 15N assignments, were obtained.
Development of a Blind Spastic Child: A Case Study

A case history is presented of a blind and spastic child who endured severe emotional deprivation and neglect as a baby. She was placed in a foster home prior to projected institutionalization. The growth potential was realized upon examination by a team of physicians, psychologists, and social workers; and a rehabilitative program was planned. She has made excellent progress to date. This case illustrates the emergence of developmental positive strivings on the part of a multiply handicapped child, nurtured by interested professional people and loving foster parents.
Surgical management of anomalous coronary arteries

Anomalies in the coronary arterial circulation have been described since classical antiquity by Galen and through the Medical Renaissance by Vesalius, but their clinical significance and association with sudden cardiac death (SCD) has only been appreciated over the last 4 decades. Advances in cardiac surgery and cardiovascular intensive care have led to decreasing overall postoperative mortality and morbidity associated with cardiac surgery. The decision whether to surgically treat an anomaly of coronary artery origin and course, and the risk-to-benefit ratio of surgical treatment in preventing a potentially lethal complication of SCD, requires careful, deliberate consideration based on the best available evidence. In this keynote lecture, we aim to deliver a concise discussion of the current surgical management of anomalous coronary arteries.
Pharmacy Technician Management of Stable, In-Range INRs Within a Clinical Pharmacy Anticoagulation Service.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing demand on pharmacist time within clinical pharmacy services, and pharmacy technicians are a crucial resource for expanding pharmacy practice. OBJECTIVE: To assess th...
Embedding planar graphs into low-treewidth graphs with applications to efficient approximation schemes for metric problems

We show that, for any e > 0, there is a deterministic embedding of edge-weighted planar graphs of diameter D into bounded-treewidth graphs. The embedding has additive error eD. We use this construction to obtain the first efficient bicriteria approximation schemes for weighted planar graphs addressing k-CENTER (equivalently d-DOMINATION), and a metric generalization of independent set, d-INDEPENDENT SET. The approximation schemes employ a metric generalization of Baker's framework that is based on our embedding result.
On the decoupled biharmonic airy stress function for the square-end adhesive layer and sandwich structure core

To accurately model the stress transfer through a square ended sandwich structure core or a square ended adhesive layer, a Decoupled Biharmonic Airy stress function solution is derived. This soluti...
Frequent Trading and Price Impact in Thin Markets

Extensive empirical research has shown that large institutional investors have significant price impact and they mitigate its adverse effects through their trading strategies. The competitive equilibrium asset-pricing models, which assume price-taking, are not suitable to model markets with large investors. We develop a dynamic model with multiple assets and many traders who take into account their impact on prices. The price impact, defined as a slope of the demand function faced by each investor, is derived from the market primitives: number of traders, return variability and risk preferences. The model predicts that the price impact is not constant over the trading period, but varies with time-to-maturity. The results match a number of empirical facts that cannot be reconciled with price-taking behavior: e.g., optimal execution of trade through breaking-up orders into blocks, asset price overshooting, contemporaneous and dynamic relation between return, price impact and trading volume. As in the presence of price impact cash and market values of portfolios do not coincide, we also study asset valuation.
Multi-fidelity bayesian optimization with trace observations

We propose a new provably-convergent continuous-fidelity Bayesian optimization method where fidelity is controlled by one or more continuous settings, and we have trace observations. For example, we may wish to adjust training data size and number of training iterations, for an optimal accuracy run-time tradeoff. We make two innovations: (1) we fix the widely spread issue that common continuous-fidelity methods always prefer a very low fidelity point no matter how much actual value it can provide, and our fix is theoretically sound; (2) our method is designed in a decision-theoretic manner in light of the fact that we have trace observations. Numerical experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-art algorithms when optimizing synthetic functions, tuning feedforward neural networks on MNIST, tuning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on CIFAR-10 and SVHN, and in large-scale kernel learning.
Portrayals of Unethical and Unvirtuous Workplace Behaviors on TV: Implications for Vocational Anticipatory Socialization

This article presents a 2-phase multimethod study exploring (a) how unethical and unvirtuous workplace behaviors are portrayed on television programs that are popular among adolescents and (b) how adolescents make sense of the portrayals and use their interpretations for their vocational anticipatory socialization (VAS)—the process of learning and developing expectations about future careers. In Phase 1, we conducted a content analysis of the top 15 most watched television series among adolescents between 2013 and 2014 (data obtained from the Nielsen Company). In Phase 2, we conducted a series of focus group interviews with 74 adolescents who were regular viewers of the 15 television programs. The findings contribute to our understanding of television as an important source of VAS and how television portrayals of workplace ethics-related content affect individuals’ career pursuits.
3D printed lens for depth of field imaging

This manuscript presents design considerations and testing of a 3D printed lens with an outer diameter of 0.5mm. Off-the-shelf GRIN and half-ball lenses with the same outer diameter were used to compare the angular field of view and resolution at object distances between 5mm and 100mm. Results show the performance of this 3D printed optic is between that of the half-ball lens and the GRIN lens with the possibility for improvement. This opens opportunities in the sub-millimeter, refractive optics space. Our goal is to utilize 3D printed lenses in a sub-millimeter diameter endoscope for in vivo imaging.
Abnormal weight gain with fatigue and stress in early survivorship after childhood brain tumor diagnosis

Background Diagnosis and treatment for individuals with brain tumors during childhood involves sequelae, including abnormal weight gain. This symptom is commonly clustered with fatigue and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Children's Oncology Group recommendations include annual surveillance of body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic comorbidities; however, there has been little emphasis on individualized screening early in survivorship. Purpose The primary purpose of this paper is to describe the findings of abnormal weight gain and its correlates in a sample of young childhood brain tumor survivors during early survivorship. Design and methods This cross-sectional multi-site study included brain tumor survivors of ages 8-12 years who were less than 6 years posttreatment. Convenience sampling from two pediatric cancer centers in the southern United States was utilized. Data collected included BMI, parent report of sleep, and child report of fatigue and stress. Results The sample (N = 21) consisted of children who had received chemotherapy, radiation treatment, and surgery for childhood brain tumor. BMI in overweight and obese categories exceeded normative samples with 38% at or above the 85th percentile. There were clinically significant relationships with fatigue, stress about weight, tumor location, cranial radiation, chemotherapy, and recurrence PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Screening for abnormal weight gain and related factors, such as fatigue should begin early in survivorship after childhood brain tumor treatment completion with the aim of health promotion and disease prevention. Adiposity measurement techniques should be utilized in future clinical and research settings to improve assessment of cardiometabolic risk.
Delivering anticancer drugs as carrier-free nanocrystals

Abstract Chemotherapy has remained a first-line option for treating various types of cancers. Yet, many anticancer compounds cannot freely dissolve in aqueous environments, presenting great challenges in drug delivery. To enhance the dissolution rate and enable in vivo absorption in targeted tissues, these poorly soluble drugs are often formulated with solubilizing chemicals and solvents. Unfortunately, these methods often induce detrimental side effects because of ubiquitous exposure in the body and the inherent, unwanted cytotoxicity of these chemicals and solvents. The current formulation approaches of encapsulation and solubilization are also subjected to manufacturing difficulties and stability issues. Drug nanocrystals (NCs), on the other hand, represent a drastically different concept of delivering chemotherapeutic compounds without using solubilizing carrier substances. Directly injected as solid particles, the NC formulation can lead to enhanced dissolution, improved absorption and bioavailability, elimination of side effects from carrier chemicals, and enhanced efficacy. Moreover, this carrier-free delivery can reach 100% drug loading; even when surfactants are needed to stabilize NCs in solution, the drug loading can still be >90%. Generation of NCs mostly involves physical processes of comminution or crystallization, offering scale-up flexibility toward commercial production. In this report, we highlight three aspects associated with drug NCs—production, cellular interaction, and in vivo performance against tumors—to demonstrate that intravenously delivering a drug as submicron solid particles is a viable option for chemotherapy.
How experiences of climate extremes motivate adaptation among water managers

As water systems are likely to experience mounting challenges managing for climate variability and extremes as well as a changing climate, there is increasing interest in what motivates systems to implement adaptive measures. While extreme events have been hypothesized to stimulate organization change and act as “windows of opportunity” and “pacemakers” driving toward adaptation, they do not always seem to do so. We therefore sought to understand the responses and motivations for organizational behavior in the wake of two significant droughts across five smaller water systems in Western Colorado, USA. We conducted interviews and focus groups across these systems to understand whether and why significant droughts in 2002 and 2012 prompted adaptive change. Results indicate that systems did not uniformly decide to change their policies in the wake of drought, and even well-prepared systems were driven to change policies by other pressures, such as peer-system pressure and political pressure from residents. We find that organizational worldviews were important mediators of how the experience of drought manifest, or not, in organizational changes. These findings have implications for assumptions about what might drive organizational learning and change among water managers for climate adaptation in the future.
Implications of recoil kicks for black hole mergers from LIGO/Virgo catalogs

The first and second Gravitational Wave Transient Catalogs by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration include $50$ confirmed merger events from the first, second, and first half of the third observational runs. We compute the distribution of recoil kicks imparted to the merger remnants and estimate their retention probability within various astrophysical environments as a function of the maximum progenitor spin ($\chi_{\rm max}$), assuming that the LIGO/Virgo binary black hole (BBH) mergers were catalyzed by dynamical assembly in a dense star cluster. We find that the distributions of average recoil kicks are peaked at about $150$ km s$^{-1}$, $250$ km s$^{-1}$, $350$ km s$^{-1}$, $600$ km s$^{-1}$, for maximum progenitor spins of $0.1$, $0.3$, $0.5$, $0.8$, respectively. Only environments with escape speed $\gtrsim 100$ km s$^{-1}$, as found in galactic nuclear star clusters as well as in the most massive globular clusters and super star clusters, could efficiently retain the merger remnants of the LIGO/Virgo BBH population even for low progenitor spins ($\chi_{\rm max}=0.1$). In the case of high progenitor spins ($\chi_{\rm max}\gtrsim 0.5$), only the most massive nuclear star clusters can retain the merger products. We also show that the estimated values of the effective spin and of the remnant spin of GW170729, GW190412, GW190519, and GW190620 can be reproduced if their progenitors were moderately spinning ($\chi_{\rm max}\gtrsim 0.3$), while for GW190517 if the progenitors were rapidly spinning ($\chi_{\rm max}\gtrsim 0.8$). Alternatively, some of these events could be explained if at least one of the progenitors is already a second-generation BH, originated from a previous merger.
Novel insights into the function of an N-terminal region of DENV2 NS4B for the optimal helicase activity of NS3.

Abstract Dengue virus NS3 is a prototypical DEx(H/D) helicase that binds and hydrolyzes NTP to translocate along and unwind double-stranded nucleic acids. NS3 and NS4B are essential components of the flavivirus replication complex. Evidences showed that NS4B interacted with NS3 and modulated the helicase activity of NS3. Despite important insights into structural, mechanistic, and cellular aspects of the NS3 function, there is still a gap in understanding how it coordinates the helicase activities within the replicase complex for efficient replication. Here, using the DENV2 as a model, we redefined the critical region of NS4B required for NS3 function by pull-down and MST assays. The FRET-based unwinding assay showed that NS3 would accelerate unwinding duplex nucleic acids in the presence of NS4B (51-83). The simulated NS3-NS4B complex models based on the rigid-body docking delineated the potential interaction sites located in the conserved motif within the core domain of NS3. Mutations in motif I (I190A) and motif III (P319L) of NS3 interfered with the unwinding activity stimulated by NS4B. Upon binding to the NS3 helicase, NS4B assisted NS3 to dissociate from single-stranded nucleic acid and enabled NS3 helicase to keep high activity at high ATP concentrations. These results suggest that NS4B probably serves as an essential cofactor for NS3 to coordinate the ATP cycles and nucleic acid binding during viral genome replication.
David Oliver: What price the Nolan principles for public office holders?

In 1995 the UK government’s Committee on Standards in Public Life published seven principles for public office holders, commonly referred to as the Nolan principles,1 after the committee’s chair. These standards for ethical conduct were adopted and are still officially endorsed by the government. We still have a public standards committee. But events during the covid-19 pandemic make me question whether this is any more than paper talk—whether government ministers, their special advisers, and some public officials even pay lip service to the principles any longer. In November 2020 the committee’s current chair, Jonathan Evans, delivered the Hugh Kay lecture, “Are we in a post-Nolan age?”2 He argued, “These principles are not a rulebook. They are a guide to institutional administration and personal conduct and are given a hard edge when they inform law, policy, procedure, and codes …
Wendy Chan and Accenture's Upwardly Global Partnership

Wendy Chan, a manager in strategy at Accenture, a global professional services company, was offered the opportunity to help build and formalize a partnership between Accenture and a nonprofit called Upwardly Global. The nonprofit provided job coaching services to work-authorized, college-educated immigrants, refugees, and asylees, helping them rebuild their careers in the United States and fully contribute their talents to the US workforce and economy. The two companies had already been partnering on a small scale, and Chan had been providing pro bono consulting to Upwardly Global on strategies to grow its impact. Chan was personally passionate about Upwardly Global's work, and she believed a partnership would be beneficial to both companies. At the same time, she worried about the career consequences of focusing on a nonprofit; she was unsure how Accenture's executives would react to her proposal; and she was excited but nervous about the possibility of executing a strategy she herself had designed, if the partnership went through. How would a partnership affect each company? What would success look like for the potential partnership? What would success look like for Chan? Excerpt UVA-OB-1285 Apr. 17, 2019 Wendy Chan and Accenture's Upwardly Global Partnership Wendy Chan was a manager in strategy at Accenture, a global professional services company. Returning from maternity leave after the birth of her second child, Chan was offered the opportunity to help build and formalize a partnership between her company and a nonprofit called Upwardly Global. The nonprofit provided job coaching services to work-authorized, college-educated immigrants, refugees, and asylees, helping them rebuild their careers in the United States and fully contribute their talents to the US workforce and economy. Accenture had been partnering with Upwardly Global on a small scale. As part of a process to determine if a larger partnership would be appropriate and mutually beneficial, Chan provided short-term, pro bono consulting services to Upwardly Global and advised its leadership on strategy to grow its impact. During this project, Chan and her team saw opportunities for Upwardly Global to use technology to engage more stakeholders as well as to reach more individual immigrants and refugees who might use the nonprofit's services. She developed a blueprint to guide Upwardly Global to leverage these strategies to make its training programs more accessible and scalable. . . .
A Decade of Drinking: Temporal Trends in Apparent Household Beer Intake and Standard Drink Consumption in the United States

Beer remains the greatest source of per capita alcohol consumption in the United States, and increasing market availability and consumer demand for higher alcohol has meaningful public health conse...