cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OXIDATION OF CO ON GOLD-COVERED PT(335)

The authors have studied the adsorption and reaction of oxygen and CO on a stepped Pt surface with varying amounts of Au, using temperature-programmed desorption and reaction (TPD and TPR), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, and steady-state reaction measurements. When the surface is fully covered with Au it is inert to oxygen adsorption and to CO oxidation, and supports only a single weakly bound CO adsorption state. The surface covered with 0.7 ML Au, however, exhibits properties different from either bare Pt or bare Au. Their TPD and LEED results suggest the coexistence of completely Au-covered regions and regions with Au on the step edges but not on the terraces. Dissociative oxygen adsorption is reduced by 90%, and the remaining oxygen is confined to Pt sites near the Au/Pt boundaries. The Au-covered regions support weakly bound CO adsorption states with desorption temperatures of 120, 190, and 240 K. CO in these states can diffuse rapidly and react efficiently with adsorbed atomic oxygen at temperatures as low as 150 K. In low-temperature TPR experiments the reaction is limited by the availability of adsorbed oxygen under almost all conditions. Under steady-state conditions, however, it is limited by themore » availability of CO even at low temperatures and CO partial pressures up to 10{sup {minus}6} Torr. Adding CO partial pressure does not inhibit the reaction. Consequently, adsorbed CO does not completely block all the sites at which oxygen dissociates on this surface, unlike on bare platinum.« less
Effects of interleukin‐6 on cellular function in UMR‐106–01 osteoblastlike cells

High levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory arthropathies associated with local bone resorption, suggesting a role for IL-6 as a local regulator of bone resorption and remodeling. In the present study we examined the effects of IL-6 on ({sup 3}H)thymidine (({sup 3}H)TdR) incorporation, collagen synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity in UMR-106-01 rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. IL-6 stimulated a dose-dependent increase in ({sup 3}H)TdR incorporation that was maximal at 1000 U/ml (- 147% of basal, p less than 0.005) in osteoblastlike cells that were in a logarithmic phase of growth. The increase in ({sup 3}H)TdR incorporation was maximal between 12 and 24 h and was neutralized by pretreatment with the polyclonal rabbit antibody to IL-6. IL-6 also increased cell number and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 in UMR-106-01 cells in logarithmic growth phase. The stimulation of ({sup 3}H)TdR incorporation and release of PGE2 into the culture medium by IL-6 was inhibited by indomethacin. A 24 h exposure of the osteoblastlike cells to 1000 U/ml of IL-6 reduced ({sup 3}H)proline incorporation into collagenase-digestible (CDP) protein to 73% of control values (p less than 0.01). Noncollagen protein (NCP) synthesis was inhibited to 80% of controlmore » values (p less than 0.01) by 1000 U/ml of IL-6. The inhibitory effect was relatively greater on CDP than on NCP and consequently resulted in a decrease in the percentage of collagen synthesis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not altered in these cells after a 24 h exposure to 1-1000 U/ml of IL-6.« less
Interaction of actin monomers with Acanthamoeba actophorin (ADF/cofilin) and profilin.

Abstract Acanthamoeba actophorin is a member of ADF/cofilin family that binds both actin monomers and filaments. We used fluorescence anisotropy to study the interaction of actin monomers with recombinant actophorin labeled with rhodamine on a cysteine substituted for Serine-88. Labeled actophorin retains its affinity for actin and ability to reduce the low shear viscosity of actin filaments. At physiological ionic strength, actophorin binds Mg-ADP-actin monomers (K d = 0.1 μm) 40 times stronger than Mg-ATP-actin monomers. When bound to actin monomers, actophorin has no effect on elongation at either end of actin filaments by Mg-ATP-actin and slightly increases the rate of elongation at both ends by Mg-ADP-actin. Thus actophorin does not sequester actin monomers. Sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation shows that actophorin and profilin compete for binding actin monomers. Actophorin and profilin have opposite effects on the rate of exchange of nucleotide bound to actin monomers. Despite the high affinity of actophorin for ADP-actin, physiological concentrations of profilin overcome the inhibition of ADP exchange by actophorin. Profilin rapidly recycles ADP-actin back to the profilin-ATP-actin pool ready for elongation of actin filaments.
Laplace Approximations for Posterior Expectations When the Mode Occurs at the Boundary of the Parameter Space

Abstract This article gives asymptotic expansions for posterior expectations when the mode is on the boundary of the parameter space. The idea, based on the divergence theorem, is to reduce the high-dimensional integrals over the parameters space to surface integrals over the boundary of the parameter space and then apply the usual interior-mode Laplace method to the latter integrals. It is shown that these approximations have second-order accuracy. The method is illustrated with applications to a two-sample binomial problem and a random-eflects model.
Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Electrochemical Characterization, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ferrocenyloligosilanes: FcSinMe2n(C6H5) (n = 1−6) and FcSi2Me4(C6H4-X) (X = m-CF3, p-Cl, p-Br, p-OMe, p-NMe2, p-CHC(CN)2)

New ferrocenyloligosilylene aryl complexes have been synthesized, FcSinMe2nC6H5 (n = 1−6) and FcSi2Me4{C6H4-X} (X = m-CF3. p-Cl, p-Br, p-OMe, p-NMe2, p-CHC(CN)2). The complexes have been evaluated ...
Clinical use of a portable infusion pump and pen-type injector in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Intensive insulin therapy was studied in six children with type 1 diabetes mellitus which was refractory to conventional insulin treatment. The methods used were continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with a portable pump, and pre-meal pulse infusion of short-acting insulin with a pen-type syringe supplemented with a bolus of long-acting insulin. The former method was used in three patients for two weeks and in one patient for four months, in hospital, and the latter was used in two patients, starting in hospital and continuing for one year at home. Both these methods achieved better metabolic control than conventional therapy. In addition, insulin requirements decreased with continuous subcutaneous infusion but it had to be discontinued after discharge because of costs and the complexity of the equipment. With pre-meal pulse infusion, insulin requirements increased compared with conventional therapy.
Four decades of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis: what do we know now?

Context.— In the 4 decades since Dr Averill A. Liebow introduced necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, there have been publications of numerous cases, but its nature and possible relationship to classical and nodular sarcoidosis have been and remain controversial. Liebow introduced necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis as a provisional diagnostic term and stated that “the problem is whether the disease represents necrotizing angiitis with sarcoid reaction, or sarcoidosis with necrosis of the granulomas and of the vessels.” There has, as yet, been no definitive answer to the questions that he raised. Objective.— To determine whether there is a relationship between necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis and nodular sarcoidosis in order to ascertain whether the current prevailing opinion that they are related is correct. Data Sources.— The world's literature on necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis from 1973 to 2013 and nodular sarcoidosis from 1952 to 2013 was critically reviewed. One hundred three cases of necrotizing...
Investigation and Simulation on Human Emergency Evacuation Behavior in an Academic Building

The field investigation of the human evacuation behavior of young people under time pressure in campus is conducted in Northeastern University of Shenyang. Based on the analysis of the observation of human evacuation behavior characteristics, scenarios of human evacuation in academic building under different evacuation management strategy are simulated and compared by FDS+Evac. The analysis results show that the crowd flow coefficient will be increasing under time pressure. The congestion of the crowd in academic building can be alleviated effectively on the base of batches evacuation management. The Real Safety Evacuation Time (RSET) can be reduced if the layout of exits is designed felicitously. Therefore, emergency drill such as fire drill is suggested to proceed periodically and regularly so that human can have opportunity to experience emergent and hazard surroundings to improve their ability of evacuation in emergency.
Circumplex structure of Holland's RIASEC Interests across gender and time.

The authors examined circumplex models of interest structure across time (Grades 8, 10, and 12), gender, and analytic method in a secondary analysis of vocational interest type (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) data generated from the American College Testing database (national sample of 69,987 students). Random samples of 1,000 participants were drawn representing males and females over the 3 time periods. The authors used structural equation modeling (SEM), the randomization test of hypothesized order relations, constrained multidimensional scaling, and circular unidimensional scaling. Results indicated differences in conclusions according to the method used. SEM analyses were not supportive of the circumplex structure, whereas the other methods were. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Nouvelle synthese des undecatrienes-1,3,5, naturels

Abstract The two natural 1,3,5-undecatrienes have been synthesized starting from pyridazine-1-oxide. The method allows us to obtain a mixture, in which the 1, 3E, 5Z isomer predominates.
Virtual strategic planning.

Strategic planning with input from staff is an important process to assess the environment and plan for the future. Unfortunately, the ability to give all staff members the opportunity to participate in a strategic planning retreat is impossible in an environment where services are provided on a
Determinants of Income Growth in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Labor Markets

This article analyzes determinants of growth across labor markets in the United States, using a production function approach based on four inputs: labor, manufacturing investment, human capital investment, and public capital investment. We find little role for public capital investment in growth, but that manufacturing investment spurred growth in nonmetropolitan areas, in contrast to metropolitan areas. We also find that human capital investment mattered more for metropolitan areas than for nonmetropolitan areas. Further, the presence of more colleges and universities, more household amenities, and lower tax rates are all found to have encouraged human capital accumulation in U.S. labor markets. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Chicken thigh, chicken liver, and iron-fortified wheat flour increase iron uptake in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model.

The objective of this study was to test meat and fortified-food combinations to identify those that optimize iron uptake in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model, a proxy for iron bioavailability. Four experiments tested combinations of meats such as chicken (blood, spleen, liver, thigh), beef (cube steak), and fish (whole-fish meal) with iron-fortified foods (rice cereal, maize-soy flour, wheat flour). Chicken liver, thigh, spleen, blood, or fish meal increased the Caco-2 cell iron uptake from these combined with rice cereal (P or= .05). Adding either meat to the 3 fortified foods increased the Caco-2 cell iron uptake of the fortified foods (P< .05). Chicken liver, chicken thigh, and wheat flour were selected for an infant porridge because the combinations with the highest Caco-2 cell iron uptake were chicken thigh + wheat flour, chicken liver + wheat flour, and chicken liver + maize-soy flour, and wheat flour was the least expensive fortified food sold in the target population. Per unit of iron, the chicken thigh + wheat flour and chicken liver + wheat flour combinations resulted in the highest bioavailable iron. In the proportion of 3:1 fortified food:meat examined, meat increases the bioavailability of iron-fortified foods, but iron-fortified foods do not enhance total iron bioavailability when added to meat.
INFLUENCE OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE ON CELERY TRANSPLANT GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS-USE EFFICIENCY

ABSTRACT Elevated phosphorus (P) levels present in Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) stormwater runoff are an environmental concern for adjoining wetlands in South Florida. A regulatory program requires EAA growers to adopt best management practices that reduce P in farm drainage water. Given the prevailing regulatory climate, P fertilization practices are under scrutiny, and a premium is placed on identifying management practices that improve crop P-use efficiency. By enhancing root P uptake, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) can potentially reduce P inputs to celery (Apium graveolens L.) without compromising crop yields. The initial objective of this study was to determine whether celery infection by Glomus intraradices was feasible. Subsequent objectives included the assessment of plant growth response to VAM inoculation during the transplant production-dates printpubdate="07/01/2002" phase and quantification of VAM effects on P-use efficiency in celery. Pre-germinated celery seeds were direct-se...
On the determination of distributed double-layer capacitances from cole-cole plots

Abstract The solid/liquid interface can often be modeled by the familiar equivalent circuit consisting of a solution resistance in series with a parallel combination of the double-layer capacitance C and the resistance to charge transfer R p . For this model, when plots of the imaginary part vs the real part of the complex impedance produce depressed semicircles (Cole-Cole plots), the centers of which lie below the real axis, then the relaxation time of the equivalent RC circuit is distributed around a most probable value τ 0 = CR P , with the degree of departure from ideality given by an appropriate parameter α. Four methods are developed to calculate C and α from Cole-Cole plots, and these methods are illustrated both for model systems and experimental data.
Investimentos em ciência e tecnologia

para financiar pesquisas nos paises em desenvolvimento que se mostrassem dispostos a aumentar a competitividade de suas empresas com o apoio das universidades e centros de pesquisa. Essa proposta nao e nova. Para reforcar tal programa, seria muito bem-vinda a criacao de um fundo internacional devotado a suplementar os fundos locais. Uma agencia — ou banco internacional — poderia ser usada com esse proposito, o que certamente contribuiria para diminuir o hiato tecnologico entre os dois mundos e evitar o pesadelo que nos ameaca.
Energy aware multicast opportunistic routing protocol (Eamor) to optimize lifetime of MANET

The main theme of this paper is to propose an opportunistic multicast routing protocol with awareness of energy to adopt with the highly dynamic environment of Mobile Adhoc Network. The nodes distributed in MANET environment is divided into several multicasting regions based on the geographical location. Each and every node is present in any one of the multicasting region. Each and every region is assigned with group address. When the source node forwards the data to a multicast group, the source node forwards the data through the node with highest energy so, the proposed multicast routing scheme optimize the total energy consumption and increase the lifetime of the network. The performance is evaluated by comparing the results with the traditional method MAODV.
Seasonal and spatial variation in a prairie stream-fish assemblage

Abstract – Stream-fish assemblage and environmental data for 13 sites in the upper Brazos River, Texas, USA during 1997 and 1998 were used to assess the relationship between environmental conditions, and seasonal and spatial variation in fish species abundance and distribution patterns. There was considerable spatial variation in environmental conditions among sites. Spatial variation in species diversity and species composition was related to variation in conductance (salinity), depth and current velocity among sites and streams. Species diversity increased downstream and species composition shifted from primarily cyprinodontids upstream to cyprinids downstream. Among all dominant species, spatial components of variation in fish abundance were greater than seasonal components, suggesting that assemblage structure is determined more by average or persistent differences in environmental conditions among sites than by seasonal variation in environmental conditions.
Extended lithium titanate cycling potential window with near zero capacity loss

Abstract Lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , or LTO) is a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries due to its rate capability and cycling stability. However, its structural instability and solid electrolyte interphase formation at low potential limits its application within a high cut-off voltage above 1 V, which significantly sacrifices the cell voltage and energy density. This work demonstrates how a few atomic layers of Al 2 O 3 deposited on LTO electrode improved its cycling performance (no capacity degradation after 100 cycles) and provided a higher Coulombic efficiency compared with the standard uncoated LTO electrode when they are cycled at low potential down to 1 mV. It has been found that the ultrathin oxide layers served as a passivation film not only stabilized the LTO structure but also surprisingly suppressed some undesirable chemical reactions.
Testing the bipolarity of the Jungian functions.

In this article, I offer an alternative explanation for recent studies that have questioned the assumed bipolarity of the Jungian functions measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) due to the failure to observe negative correlations between the hypothesized opposite functions when a Likert format is used in place of the MBTI's forced-choice format (Cowan, 1989; Girelli & Stake, 1993; Loomis & Singer, 1980). It was suggested that the acquiescence response set might be partially responsible. A new instrument was constructed using agree-disagree items. Negative correlations between the hypothesized opposite functions were not observed. To deal with the acquiescence response set, participants were ranked on the number of statements endorsed, and the scores for the middle third of participants were analyzed again For these participants, correlations of -.67 and -.69 between each pair of theoretically opposite functions were found. I conclude thai this largely refutes criticisms of the bipolarity assu...
Building collections for accreditation: a case study

The Capital College of Pennsylvania State University received accreditation from the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) in 1998 for all of its undergraduate and graduate business programs. This article outlines the activities performed by librarians to aid in the accreditation process, with an emphasis on collection development activities. Included is a discussion of types of reports and information requested, techniques used to build collections for accreditation purposes, methods used to evaluate collections, an overview of the accreditation team’s site visit to the library, and a copy of the final report submitted by the library. An overview of the AACSB and library requirements for accreditation are also included.
A New Route to the Synthesis of Alpha-Alkyltetrahydrothiophene-1,1-Dioxide Compounds

Abstract Alpha-alkyltetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide compounds have been prepared in relatively high yield through the reaction of 2-lithiotetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide with primary alkyl halides.
Innovation in Guidance: A Mobile Counseling Center

A mobile counseling center staffed by 4 counselors serves high schools in 4 counties of southern Indiana. The operation of the center is designed to enrich, supplement, and improve the quality of counseling services for secondary students of the area. The mobile center also serves as a model to stimulate the development of exemplary and innovative guidance services in regular school programs.
Pneumococcal Induced T-activation with Resultant Thrombotic Microangiopathy.

Thrombotic microangiopathies are disorders resulting from platelet thromboses forming in the microvasculature with resultant schistocyte forms. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia often complicated by acute renal failure in children. HUS is typically caused by bacterial infection, most commonly enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Neuraminidase-producing organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae have also been reported as potential etiologies. The pathogenesis in these cases involves cleavage of sialic acid residues from the surfaces of erythrocytes, platelets, and glomerular capillary endothelial cells, exposing the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, a process known as T-activation. We describe a 2-year-old girl who presented with pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis ultimately resulting in a thrombotic microangiopathy with acute renal failure, most consistent with HUS. The patient’s direct antiglobulin test was positive. Polyagglutination was observed with human adult serum, but not with umbilical cord serum. Her red blood cells (RBCs) were reactive against peanut and soybean lectins, but not Salvia sclarea or Salvia horminum lectins. These findings are consistent with T-activation. Clinicians should be cognizant of the possibility of T-activation with resultant HUS in patients infected with neuraminidase-producing bacteria. Such patients may be difficult to identify using monoclonal typing antisera, as these typically do not have anti-T antibodies. Whether such patients are at risk for transfusion-associated hemolysis is debatable.
Bridge-Chopper Inverter for 400 CPS Sine Wave Power

A new d-c to a-c inverter has been developed. Sine wave power at 400 cps is provided without a 400 cps filter or 400 cps transformer. A bridge type chopper circuit, chopping at 50 KC, is used to provide the a-c power. The bridge-chopper inverter is approximately 1/3 the size and weight of present sine wave inverters used in most aircraft and space applications. The inverter is more efficient than most sine-wave inverters (85 to 90% at 100 watts 50% power factor). The sine-wave output is provided by time-ratio control. Applications of the inverter include power supplies for aircraft, space craft, ships, submarines, etc. These power supplies operate from d-c power sources such as fuel cells, solar cells, nuclear thermionic converters, batteries, etc. The new inverter is made practical by new high speed transistors that are applied with new control techniques. Fast switching in the power circuit makes the 50 KC chopping rate practical. New control techniques using tunnel diodes permit fast switching of the power transistors and permit use of insulated controls. Saturable reactors and transformers are used in the control circuit with current rise time of approximately two microseconds. The tunnel diode circuit, controlled by the saturable reactors, switches the base current of the power transistor in 0.02 micro-seconds. In turn, the chopper power transistor switches five amperes in less than 0.1 micro-second. This paper presents the bridge chopper inverter, showing its operation, and describes the control technique.
A Block-Oriented Language and Runtime System for Tensor Algebra with Very Large Arrays

Important classes of problems in computational chemistry, notably coupled cluster methods, consist of solutions to complicated expressions defined in terms of tensors. Tensors are represented by multidimensional arrays that are typically extremely large, thus requiring distribution or in some cases backing on disk. We describe a parallel programming environment, the Super Instruction Architecture (SIA) comprising a domain specific programming language SIAL and its runtime system SIP that are specialized for this class of problems. A novel feature of the programming language is that SIAL programmers express algorithms in terms of operations on blocks rather than individual floating point numbers. Efficient implementations of the block operations as well as management of memory, communication, and I/O are provided by the runtime system. The system has been successfully used to develop ACES III, a software package for computational chemistry.
Fate of folates during vegetable juice processing — Deglutamylation and interconversion

Abstract A high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI–MS/MS) was applied for quantitatively determining folate species and polyglutamyl 5-methyltetrahydrofolates (5MTHF) of various chain lengths in vegetable juices. 5MTHF polyglutamyls were the focus of this study since 5MTHF was the most abundant form in all vegetables investigated. Mono-glutamyl 5MTHF has been found to be highly bioavailable and native vegetable gamma glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) might effect this conversion. During juicing 5MTHF polyglutamyls in some vegetables were highly deglutamylated with turnip (monoglutamyl 5MTHF increased from 5.9% to 70.9%) and carrot (monoglutamyl 5MTHF increased from 2.9% to 53.4%), partially converted with broccoli (triglutamyl 5MTHF increased from 2.3% to 81.6%) and turnip greens (triglutamyl 5MTHF increased from 3.4% to 77.7%), or mostly unchanged (beet, beet greens, romaine lettuce, carrot greens). Deglutamylation of folates in turnip greens and broccoli juices terminated with 75–80% of 5MTHF species as tri-glutamyl (both Brassica species) while all other vegetables displaying GGH activity progressed to monoglutamyl 5MTHF. Total folate was mostly recovered (there are no statistical difference of total folate in juiced vegetables and unprocessed vegetables) in all vegetable juices except carrot green juice (ca. 1/3 loss). 5MTHF was the dominant folate species for all vegetables except romaine lettuce, carrot greens and turnip greens which also contained significant levels of 10-formyl species and THF. Interconversion of folates was observed during juicing usually enhancing THF levels with coincident decreases in 5MTHF and 10CHO-related species. The total folate in the whole vegetables ranged from 41 to 219 μg/100 FW while ranged from 28 to 180 μg/100 FW in the corresponding juice. In this study of juices from many different vegetables, beet greens and romaine lettuce yielded juices qualifying as excellent sources of folate, mostly in their monoglutamyl form, which may be more bioavailable than their polyglutamyl forms often predominating in raw and cooked vegetables.
Creation of Hexaploid and Octaploid Zoysiagrass Using Colchicine and Breeding

Zoysiagrasses ( Zoysia Willd.) are a slow-grow - ing, tetraploid (2 n = 4x = 40) turfgrass that can be successfully managed with less input than many other warm-season grasses. Despite extensive genetic and morphological variation, genotypes with the ability to recuperate quickly from damage are rare. Therefore, a long-term effort to increase vegetative growth rates was initiated during 2009 by first studying the effec - tiveness of six colchicine seed treatments and breeding for manipulating the ploidy level of 'Zenith' zoysiagrass. Colchicine-treated seed - lings were screened using flow cytometry for genome size changes. Four putative octaploids and one cytochimera were identified. Average stomata length of the four colchicine-induced putative octaploids were 28% larger than that of Zenith, but the cytochimera's stomata length was not altered. p ollen diameter of the four puta - tive octaploids was larger than that of Zenith and the cytochimera. p ollen stainability was rel - atively unchanged by the colchicine treatments.
Models for the Minimum Cost Development of Offshore Oil Fields

Since the cost of developing a single offshore oil field usually runs in the tens of millions of dollars, savings due to better development policies could be quite significant. This paper presents a general model for developing offshore fields at minimum cost. The model applies to any field developed from fixed platforms, and thus could also be used directly for the development of fields on the north slope of Alaska. The basic limitations and possible utility of the model are discussed. The mathematical programming formulation of the problem is shown to be identical in general structure to the well-known warehouse location problem. Algorithms for solving the problem are developed, whereby the algorithm for a particular problem will depend upon the general form of the platform cost function. The algorithms developed are tested and shown to be computationally practical.
Does Preoperative Risk for Delirium Moderate the Effects of Postoperative Pain and Opiate Use on Postoperative Delirium

Objectives To investigate whether preoperative risk for delirium moderates the effect of postoperative pain and opioids on the development of postoperative delirium. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting University medical center. Participants Patients 65 years of age or older scheduled for major noncardiac surgery. Measurements A structured interview was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively to determine the presence of delirium, defined using the Confusion Assessment Method. We first developed a prediction model to determine which patients were at high versus low risk for the development of delirium based on preoperative patient data. We then computed a logistic regression model to determine whether preoperative risk for delirium moderates the effect of postoperative pain and opioids on incident delirium. Results Of 581 patients, 40% developed delirium on days 1 or 2 after surgery. Independent preoperative predictors of postoperative delirium included lower cognitive status, a history of central nervous system disease, high surgical risk, and major spine and joint arthroplasty surgery. Compared with the patients at low preoperative risk for developing delirium, the relative risk for postoperative delirium for those in the high preoperative risk group was 2.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.67–3.40). A significant three-way interaction indicates that preoperative risk for delirium significantly moderated the effect of postoperative pain and opioid use on the development of delirium. Among patients at high preoperative risk for development of delirium who also had high postoperative pain and received high opioid doses, the incidence of delirium was 72%, compared with 20% among patients with low preoperative risk, low postoperative pain, and those who received low opioid doses. Conclusions High levels of postoperative pain and using high opioid doses increased risk for postoperative delirium for all patients. The highest incidence of delirium was among patients who had high preoperative risk for delirium and also had high postoperative pain and used high opioid doses.
Trait Anger, Anger Expression, and Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Prospective Study

Previous studies of the relationship between anger, anger expression, and suicidal behavior have been largely cross-sectional and have yielded mixed findings. In a prospective, naturalistic study, we examined how trait anger and anger expression influenced the likelihood of suicide attempts among 180 adolescents followed for up to 13.3 years after discharge from an inpatient psychiatry unit. Results showed that higher trait anger and anger expressed outwardly over the follow-up was related to increased likelihood of suicide attempts among boys. For girls, trait anger and both the inward and outward expression of anger moderated the risk for suicide attempts associated with major depression. These results are interpreted in light of theory regarding behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems.
The Social World of Female-Headed Black Families: A Study of Quality of Life in a Marginalized Neighborhood1

This paper explores the social world of female-headed black families residing in a marginalized neighborhood in a mid-western state capital in the United States. The social world is construed to consist of respondents' perceptions of both subjective and inter-subjective dimensions of quality of life as well as their fears, hopes and aspirations. An instrument to elicit these perceptions was administered to a sample of one hundred females in face-to-face interviews. The research findings reveal a harsh neighborhood marked by violence, crime and drug-trafficking initiated largely by forces from outside. Despite these constraints, the residents recount the many gratifying moments and relationships of their lives and extol self-reliance as a means to improving the quality of their lives. The research brings out a convergence of values, aspirations and concerns on a number of facets of life between these families and mainstream America.
Perceptual basis for reactive teleoperation.

To enhance task performance in partially structured environment, enhancement of teleoperation was proposed by introducing autonomous behaviors. Such autonomy is implemented based on reactive robotic architecture, where reactive motor agents that directly couples sensory inputs and motor actions become the building blocks. To this end, presented in this paper is a perceptual basis for the motor agents. The perceptual basis consists of perceptual agents that extracts environmental information from a structured light vision system and provide action oriented perception for the corresponding motor agents. Rather than performing general scene reconstruction, a perceptual agent directly provides the motion reference for the motor behavior. Various sensory mechanisms--sensor fission, fusion, and fashion--becomes basic building blocks of the perception process. Since perception is a process deeply intertwined with the motor actions, active perception may also incorporate motor behaviors as an integral perceptual process.
The effect of the donor concentration on the optical efficiency of solution-grown GaP diodes

Abstract The exterior quantum efficiency of GaP diodes with a p-region doped with (Zn, O) is a function of the Te concentration in the n-type side of the junction. The highest efficiency is observed when the Te concentration in the melt is ∼4.5 × 10−3 at. % (n ∼ 2 × 1017 cm−3). This corresponds to a ratio ρn/ρp ∼ 2.9 at 300°K. A similar effect on the radiative efficiency of the Te-doped material is also observed in photoluminescence. The initial increase in diode efficiency with increasing Te concentration is explained by enhanced electron injection into the p-region and consequent efficient recombination via the Zn-0 centers. At large Te concentration, competing loss mechanisms become important. It is suggested that the primary factor which lowers the efficiency at high Te concentrations is the decrease in the radiative efficiency as a result of the formation of non-radiative centers with increasing Te concentration beyond about 6 × 1017 cm−3. Beyond this value, the electron concentration increases sub-linearly with increasing Te concentration in the melt, possibly because of the formation of precipitates such as Ga2Te3. Non-radiative tunneling is believed to be an important factor only in very heavily doped diodes.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEA IN BANGKOK: IS SINGLE-DRUG TREATMENT PHASSÉ

Abstract 201 gonococcal isolates obtained from patients attending clinics in Bangkok were tested for in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. 42% of these isolates were penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG); of the 116 isolates of non-PPNG 53% had a penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)≥1 μg/ml and the remainder had MIC≥0·06 μg penicillin/ml. Similarly high in-vitro resistance was found for six of eight other antimicrobial agents tested. These high antimicrobial MICs reflect the difficulties encountered in selecting therapeutic agents for the control of gonorrhoea in Thailand. Single-drug treatment for gonorrhoea may no longer be effective in some settings. There is an urgent need to evaluate combination therapies appropriate to such settings.
Science and humanism in the public service: A philosophical perspective

Abstract Two major trends are observed in the public service oriented literature: an older demand for science and a more recent demand for humanism. It is pointed out, however, that there is still an historical bias favoring science which was recently exacerbated by publicly initiated legislation to cut government spending. This bias is also shown to be manifested by a bias in favor of behaviorism which is continuing to have an effect on behavioral science practitioners. A philosophical foundation for public administration, particularly as it involves behavioral scientists, which embraces both science and humanism on an equal footing is articulated. Its utility for those in the public service is briefly discussed.
Mitral valve endocarditis caused by streptococcus oralis occurring after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Mitral valve endocarditis caused by streptococcus oralis occurring after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
A decision support system for production planning and bid preparation for a small job shop manufacturer

Abstract With the advent of the inexpensive micro-computer, small manufacturers have been able to automate many applications in their day-to-day operations. Under the auspices of the State of Missouri “Productivity Improvement Program” - a program to aid small manufacturing businesses in improving their productivity, a Decision Support System (DSS) was developed to assist a small metals manufacturing company in production planning and bid preparation. The DSS was developed at UMR by a graduate student as part of his master's thesis; the work was funded by both the Productivity Improvement Program and the small manufacturer. After development of the DSS, the graduate student was hired full time for one year to assist the manufacturer in implementing the DSS and to train on site personnel in its operation. This paper discusses the development of the DSS, its implementation, and its utilization.
Masculinity, Whiteness, and the New Economy: An Exploration of Privilege and Loss

This article takes up the varying ways in which white working-class men remake class and masculinity in the context of massive changes in the global economy. Situated in the northeast rust belt in the United States, the piece draws upon data gathered at two points in time—during the men's third year of secondary school in l985, and again when these same men reached the ages of 30–31. Data gathered via participant observation and indepth interviews in 1985 and a set of follow-up in-depth interviews in 2000–2001 suggest that it is the movement off the space of hegemonically constructed white working-class masculinity—that masculinity which emerged in relation to the old industrial economy— that now encourages “stable” working-class lives.
On pig heart aconitase

Abstract Pig heart aconitase has been isolated by sequential application of ethanol fractionation, carboxymethylcellulose ion-exchange, ammonium sulfate fractionation and isoelectric focusing. The protein, pI 8.5, homogeneous on gel electrophoresis, gel filtration and ultra-centrifugation, manifests a molecular weight of 66,000 (gel filtration, Sephadex G-200) and contains 2 g-atoms of iron and 3 moles of sulfide per 66,000 g.
Direct Measurement of Vanadium Crossover in an Operating Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Measurements of Vanadium diffusion coefficients for transportacross cation exchange membranes using dialysis cells have beenreported in the literature. However, to date direct measurement ofcrossover coefficients in an operating Vanadium redox flowbattery (VRB) cell have not been reported. Results are reported inthis paper on experiments utilizing a special VRB cell whichallows measurement of Vanadium ion transport across ionexchange membranes with and without the presence of current.The cell utilizes two additional flow regions which collectVanadium ions which diffuse from the positive and negative halfcells. The effects of the magnitude and direction of electricalcurrent on transport can be measured directly with this cell. Weobserve that transport is greatly enhanced when the direction of thehydrogen ion flux is in the same direction as the density gradientdriven vanadium flux and suppressed when the hydrogen ion fluxis in the opposite direction. The cell has been used to of investigatethe effects on transport of current densities up to 900 mA/cm2.
From ‘Permissive Consensus’ to ‘Constraining Dissensus’: A Polarizing Union?

The growth of Euro-scepticism in the last decade and a half would seem to suggest a decline in public consensus on the European Union (EU) — that is, a decline in the congruence of individual's attitudes. Yet, Euro-scepticism may simply reflect movement of the distribution in the issue space, as opposed to a change in the shape of the distribution. The difference between these perspectives is important because while a shift in the distribution has implications for the EU, a change in the shape of the distribution has implications for both the EU and domestic politics. To address the issue, we examine cross-temporal variation in the mean, variance and kurtosis of public opinion distribution on the EU — that is, the shape of the distribution. Unsurprisingly, opinions are more dispersed and the distributions flatter in the 1990s, relative to the 1980s. Yet, when viewed over the long run the extent of the decline in consensus is far less marked. Indeed, we find cross-national convergence in opinion in the last three decades, and, evidence of greater attitudinal polarization in the 1970s than in the early years of the new millennium.
Amorphization implants and low temperature rapid thermal processing to form low sheet resistance, shallow junction, boron implanted layers

Abstract The effects on Si wafers of (1) Ge or Si amorphization implants, (2) B or BF2 dopant implants at low energies (15 keV through 16 nm of screen oxide) and (3) rapid thermal processing (RTP) at 800–1050° have been systematically studied. Sheet resistance (Rs), spreading resistance probe (SRP), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and ultrahigh vacuum secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been used to study the resulting electrical and materials properties of these wafers. Values for Rs versus junction depth are below any results reported in the literature. The Rs maps show lower Rs and better uniformity in the wafers that were amorphized with Ge or Si and received a B rather than a BF2 implant. The effects of channeling, molecular breakup of BF2, B solid solubility, and annealer uniformity are discussed.
The inhibition of radiation-induced mutagenesis by the combined effects of selenium and the aminothiol WR- 1065

In order to evaluate the anti-mutagenic effects of the potential chemoprotective compounds selenium and (S)-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-1065), CHO AA8 cells were exposed to both compounds either individually or in combination prior to irradiation. Mutation frequency following exposure to 8 Gy was evaluated by quantitation of the mutations detected at the hprt locus of these cells. Protection against radiation-induced mutation was observed for both 30 nM sodium selenite or 4 mM WR-1065. In addition, the protection against mutation induction provided by the combination of these agents appeared additive. In contrast, sodium selenite did not provide protection against radiation toxicity when provided either alone or in conjunction with WR-1065. In order to evaluate the possible mechanisms of the anti-mutagenic effects observed in these cells, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was evaluated following exposure to the chemopreventative compounds. The addition of sodium selenite to the culture media resulted in a 5-fold increase in GPx activity, which was unaltered by the presence of the WR-1065. Northern analysis of RNA derived from these cells indicated that selenium supplementation resulted in a marginal increase in the mRNA for the cytosolic GPx (GSHPx-1) which was insufficient to account for the stimulation of GPx activity observed in cellular extracts. These results suggest that selenium and WR-1065 offer protection via independent mechanisms and that GPx stimulation remains a possible mechanism of the anti-mutagenic effect of selenium.
Progression of HIV disease among women following delivery.

Objective: To assess patterns of HIV disease progression among HIV-1-infected women following delivery. Methods: Four hundred ninety-seven women enrolled in PACTG 185, a phase 3 trial of passive immunoprophylaxis in addition to zidovudine (ZDV) for the prevention of perinatal transmission, were included. Visits occurred twice during pregnancy; at delivery; and at 12, 26, 48, and 78 weeks postpartum. Repeated-measures linear regression and proportional hazards models were applied. Results: Trial treatment (HIV hyperimmune globulin vs. immune globulin) was not related to postpartum disease progression. Longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 RNA demonstrated stable levels during pregnancy, significantly increased HIV-1 RNA by 12 weeks postpartum even on stable therapy, and a gradual increase thereafter. Changes in CD4 + lymphocyte percentage over 18 months of follow-up were similar for women continuing or stopping ZDV postpartum. Compared with those receiving no therapy, the hazard ratio for AIDS or death among women who received monotherapy postpartum was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25-1.04), 0.17 (Cl: 0.06-0.49) for women who received combination therapy, and 0.24 (CI: 0.06-1.01) for women who received highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: RNA levels increased significantly from delivery to 12 weeks postpartum. Changes in HIV-1 RNA and CD4 + lymphocyte percentage were similar among women continuing or stopping therapy after delivery, and response to antiretroviral therapy was as expected postpartum.
Utility of the Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) Scale in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support

Utility of the Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) Scale in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support Meghana Halkar, Amy S. Nowacki, Kay Kendall, Nader Moazami, Eiran Z. Gorodeski, W.H. Wilson Tang, Randall C. Starling, James B. Young, Sangjin Lee; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
The clinically-integrated randomized trial: proposed novel method for conducting large trials at low cost.

Introduction Randomized controlled trials provide the best method of determining which of two comparable treatments is preferable. Unfortunately, contemporary randomized trials have become increasingly expensive, complex and burdened by regulation, so much so that many trials are of doubtful feasibility.