cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitination and degradation of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase in vitro: dimer stabilization protects the enzyme from proteolysis.

It is established that neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is ubiquitinated and proteasomally degraded. The metabolism-based inactivation of nNOS and the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90)-based chaperones, which are known to regulate nNOS, both lead to enhanced proteasomal degradation of nNOS. The mechanism of this selective proteolytic degradation, or in essence how the nNOS becomes labilized and recognized for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, has not been determined. In the current study, we used a crude preparation of reticulocyte proteins, which contains ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the proteasome, to determine how nNOS is labilized. We found that the inactive monomeric heme-deficient nNOS (apo-nNOS) is rapidly degraded in vitro, consistent with the finding that both metabolism-based inactivation and inhibition of hsp90-based chaperones cause the formation of apo-nNOS and enhance its degradation in vivo. In the current study, we discovered that destabilization of the dimeric nNOS, as determined by measuring the SDS-resistant dimer, is sufficient to trigger ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Treatment of nNOS with N G -nitro-l-arginine or 7-nitroindazole led to stabilization of the dimeric nNOS and decreased proteasomal degradation of the enzyme, consistent with that observed in cells. Thus, it seems that the dimeric structure is a major determinant of nNOS stability and proteolysis.
Statistical genetic comparison of two techniques for assessing molar crown size in pedigreed baboons.

Dental anthropologists and paleoanthropologists commonly use an estimated molar crown area (mesiodistal length multiplied by buccolingual width) to describe and compare individuals, populations, and species. Advances in digital imaging now allow researchers to measure the actual crown area of a molar in an occlusal two-dimensional plane. Because error is reduced by this more accurate measurement, actual crown area is thought to be a better representation of the mechanisms that determine tooth crown size, meriting the additional time required to collect it. We tested this assumption by estimating the heritability of both these measurements for the second left mandibular molar from a sample of individuals (n = 332) from a captive breeding colony of baboons. Heritability estimates of both the actual and estimated crown areas of molars are approximately 0.83. Therefore, both measurements are informative as population descriptors, with no significant difference between the accuracy of either to reflect additive genetic contributions to molar crown size. This is fortunate, because genetic studies and inference can be based on estimated areas rather than actual crown area. The heritability estimates for mesiodistal length and buccolingual width are both substantial but lower: approximately 0.67 and approximately 0.73, respectively. The best fitting models in these analyses show that sex, body size, and subspecific affinity differentially affect molar length and width. We interpret these results to suggest that potentially some of the genetics underlying these covariates also underlie tooth size. As such, measurements designed to describe molar crown size are useful for general descriptive purposes, but do not conform to the assumption of independence inherent in phylogenetic analyses, such as cladistics (Hennig [1966] Phylogenetic Systematics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press). Therefore, if variables like actual crown area and estimated crown area are to be used in phylogenetic parsimony analyses, we suggest that researchers account for the effects of covariates such as sex and body size in their analyses.
A reconfigurable 65nm SRAM achieving voltage scalability from 0.25–1.2V and performance scalability from 20kHz–200MHz

A 64 kb SRAM array fabricated in 65 nm low-power CMOS operates from 250 mV to 1.2 V. This wide supply range is enabled by a combination of circuits optimized for both sub-Vt and above-Vt regimes. Reconfigurable circuits are used extensively, as low voltage assist circuits are required for functionality, but they must not limit performance during high voltage operation. The SRAM operates at 20 kHz with a 250 mV supply and 200 MHz with a 1.2 V supply. Over this range the leakage power scales by more than 50X.
Channel modeling and analysis for wireless networks in underground mines and road tunnels

Wireless networks can greatly facilitate the communication in underground mines and road/subway tunnels, where the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves are significantly different from those in terrestrial environments. According to the structure of underground mines and road tunnels, two types of channel models can be utilized, namely, tunnel and room/pillar channel models. However, there exists no theoretical model for room-and-pillar channel in underground mines to date, and current existing tunnel channel models do not provide an analytical solution for both near and far regions of the sources. In this paper, the multimode model is proposed, which provides an analytical expression for the received power and the power delay profile at any position in a tunnel.Moreover, the multimode model is extended to characterize the room-and-pillar channel in the underground mines after combining it with the shadow fading model. The theoretical models are validated by experimental measurements. Based on the proposed channel models, the effects of various factors on the signal propagation are analyzed. The factors include: the operating frequency, the size of the tunnel or underground mine room, the antenna position and polarization, and the electrical parameters.
The Grooming Behaviors of the Hawaiian River Shrimp, Macrobrachium grandimanus

Abstract The grooming behaviors of the Hawaiian river shrimp, Macrobrachium grandimanus (Caridea: Palaemonidae), are examined in this study. This species has a dense aggregation of setae (termed the “setal patch”) located on the major second cheliped. The function of this setal patch is unknown but hypothesized to be utilized in grooming activities. The grooming behaviors were documented in terms of appendages used to groom, groomed body areas, type of grooming behavior (pick, brush, or scrape) and a time budget for grooming. The most frequently used grooming appendages are the third maxillipeds and first pereiopods, while the most frequently groomed body region is the antennules. The most frequently used grooming behavior is a scraping action; the body region groomed for the longest amount of time is the branchiostegite (gill cover) region where the gill chamber is located. The time budget for grooming was 24.7%, which suggests approximately six hours per day are dedicated to grooming. Multiple statistic...
Binding Dynamics of Structural Nucleoporins Govern Nuclear Pore Complex Permeability and May Mediate Channel Gating

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a permeable sieve that can dilate to facilitate the bidirectional translocation of a wide size range of receptor-cargo complexes. The binding of receptors to FG nucleoporin docking sites triggers channel gating by an unknown mechanism. Previously, we used deoxyglucose and chilling treatments to implicate Nup170p and Nup188p in the control of NPC sieving in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we report that aliphatic alcohols increase the permeability of wild-type and nup170Delta NPCs. In conjunction with increases in permeability, aliphatic alcohols, deoxyglucose, and chilling trigger the reversible dissociation of several nucleoporins from nup170Delta NPCs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NPC gating occurs when molecular latches composed of FG repeats and structural nucleoporins dissociate.
Feedback decoding of fixed-point arithmetic convolutional codes

Convolutional codes defined over the integers modulo a power of two, an arithmetic structure used for fixed-point arithmetic computations, employ well-known binary convolutional codes as their underlying generators. A recursive decoding technique that exploits binary expansion components of the code symbols uses any binary decoding algorithm valid for the underlying code.
Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1)

Background: Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus) in the original outbreak. Results: We re-amplified the original virus stock in Vero cells, and determined its full-length genome sequence. The Cro1 genome is 8296 nucleotides (nt) in length and has a typical vesivirus organization, with three open reading frames (ORF), ORF1 (5643 nt), ORF2 (2121 nt), and ORF3 (348 nt) encoding a nonstructural polyprotein, the major capsid protein precursor, and a minor structural protein, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome sequence revealed that the Cro1 virus clustered most closely with the VESV species of the genus Vesivirus, but was genetically distinct (82-83% identities with closest strains). Conclusions: This is the first description of a full-length genome sequence from a reptile calicivirus (Cro1). The availability of the Cro1 genome sequence should facilitate investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in Cro1 virus evolution and host range.
Crystallization and melting of a branched polyethylene with precisely controlled chemical structure

The heat capacity of a linear polyethylene with dimethyl branches, at every 21st backbone atom was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and quasi-isothermal temperature-modulated DSC. This novel copolyethylene (PE2M) is relatively difficult to crystallize from the melt. On subsequent heating, a first, sharp melting peak is followed by a sharp cold-crystallization and crystal perfection and a smaller endotherm, before reaching the main melting at 315–320 K, close to the melting temperatures of eicosane and tetracontane. The low-temperature melting is sensitive to the cooling rate and disappears below 1.0 K min−1. The cold crystallization can be avoided by heating with rates faster than 80 K min−1. The PE2M exhibits some reversing and reversible melting, which is typical for chain-folded polymers. The glass transition of semicrystalline PE2M is broadened and reaches its upper limit at about 260 K (midpoint at about 0.355 K). Above this temperature, the crystals seem to have a heat capacity similar to that of the liquid. A hypothesis is that the melting transition can be explained by changes in crystal perfection without major alteration of the crystal structure and the lamellar morphology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3461–3474, 2006
Immunology of Head and Neck Cancers

Despite the ever growing collection of data concerning the function of the immune system in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck, the precise mechanism by which these tumors effect the body's surveillance against foreign antigen is as yet unidentified. If these specific immunological characteristics of the cancer cell can be identified, laboratory analysis of these "markers" could lead to detection and treatment of cancer in its earliest stages. Included in this chapter is a review of the embryological development of the immune system, a description of the components of the immune system and their responses to invasion by tumor antigen. Measurements of immuno responsiveness of the individual are important in determining the pretreatment state of immuno-competence and in predicting prognosis following treatment. Measurements of T-lymphocyte functions and their response to immuno-manipulations can also aid in predicting which patients will benefit from immunotherapy. Finally, categorization of the multiple forms of immunotherapy including active, specific and non-specific, and adoptive mechanisms are discussed. More recent methods of related immunotherapy trials will also be mentioned. As of this writing, the trials of immunochemotherapy have not produced any conclusive results due to the lack of multi-institutional trials and limited quantities of immunotherapeutic agents for these clinical trials.
Crystallization of Natural Rubber

Abstract It is, indeed, a very great honor to have been chosen as the Charles Goodyear Medalist for 1967, and I very much appreciate the opportunity of coming here to tell you about some of the research work in the field of rubber with which I have been associated for a number of years. The bylaws of the Division of Rubber Chemistry, A.C.S., require that the recipient of this award deliver a lecture before the Division on a subject that is related to the elastomer field and presented in accordance with the contribution for which the medal is awarded. It should, therefore, be quite appropriate for me to discuss one of my favorite subjects, the crystallization of natural rubber. My first thought was to talk on a broader subject, transitions in rubber, which would have included the glass transition, but such a paper was found to be much too long. Even the subject of the crystallization and melting transition is so broad that only a very condensed version can be given here today. In fact, the references for a...
Minimum storage regenerating codes for all parameters

Regenerating codes for distributed storage have attracted much research interest in the past decade. Such codes trade the bandwidth needed to repair a failed node with the overall amount of data stored in the network. Minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes are an important class of optimal regenerating codes that minimize (first) the amount of data stored per node and (then) the repair bandwidth. Specifically, an [n, k, d]−(α) MSR code ℂ over F q is defined as follows. Using such a code ℂ, a file F consisting of αk symbols over F q can be distributed among n nodes, each storing α symbols, in such a way that: • the file F can be recovered by downloading the content of any k of the n nodes; and • the content of any failed node can be reconstructed by accessing any d of the remaining n−1 nodes and downloading α/(d−k+1) symbols from each of these nodes.
Fractures of the lumbar lamina with epidural hematoma simulating herniation of a disc. A case report.

We are reporting the case of a patient who did not have a bleeding diathesis but in whom acute sciatica developed secondary to an epidural hematoma
Mortgage Prepayments: Past and Present

Over the past two decades, research into the economic reasons why borrowers prepay their mortgage loans has matured into a coherent body of work that has a sound theoretical framework and consistent empirical validation. This paper summarizes progress to date in five general areas: the impact of refinancing on the cash flows and yields of mortgage-backed securities, analytical research into the value of the borrower's prepayment option, determinants of prepayment rates on mortgage pools, analyses of individual borrower behavior, and prepayment forces in the market for adjustable rate loans. Unresolved issues and suggestions for future research are also considered.
Effects of Stratification, Warm Treatment, and Mechanical and Acid Scarification on the Emergence of Yellow-Flowered Alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. falcata) Seeds

Yellow-flowered alfalfa (YFA) has great potential to improve rangelands in the Northern Plains. Greater than 99% of YFA seeds from soil were viable but less than 4% germinated under standard laboratory conditions. The objective was to determine if low germination was due to physical or physiological seed dormancy. The experiment utilized a random complete block design with two trials, eight replications per trial. Each replication consisted of ten treatments plus a control, four stratification treatments consisting of a combination of two temperatures (-5°C, -20°C) and two durations (48 hr, 72 hr), one warm treatment (4 min, 60°C), four sandpaper scarification treatments with one grade (220) and four durations (2 sec, 4 sec, 6 sec, 8 sec), and one 17-18 M sulfuric acid treatment with duration (30 sec trial 1 and 25 min trial 2). Seeds were planted at the same time in plastic trays filled with potting soil and maintained in a growth room at constant temperature. Tray water content was maintained daily by misting. Number of seedlings, light intensity and temperature were recorded daily for seven days and then every third day for 28 days. Twosample t-test was used to determine the sandpaper scarification treatments significantly increased the final emergence (88%) compared to control (28%) in both trials. Sulfuric acid had a greater final emergence than control. As the duration of the acid treatment increased from 30 sec to 25 min, the emergence increased from 37% to 76%. Results from stratification treatments varied between two trials. There was no significant difference between warm treatment and control for both trials.
Clear cell acanthoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 37 new cases.

The clinical and histologic features of 37 new cases of clear cell acanthoma were analyzed. All lesions were solitary; most were asymptomatic, erythematous nodules less than 1 cm. in diameter. The median age of the patients was 64 years, the median duration of the lesions was 3 years, and the incidences in both sexes were equal. Thirty-five of the tumors occurred on the lower limbs. Many were clinically interpreted as basal cell carcinoma, histiocytoma, or granuloma pyogenicum. Histologic examination disclosed acanthotic rete ridges with large, pale, glycogen-rich malpighian cells covered by serous crust and parakeratotic scale. At each margin there was a sharp transition to dark cell acanthosis in two or three rete ridges which were covered by thick horn and a hyperplastic granular layer. Lateral to this was a second transition to normal epidermis. Rich vascularity and a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate were present in the cutis.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of an Extended Non-linear Dynamic Inversion Augmented with an Immunity-Based Adaptive Control System

This paper presents Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation results of a novel configuration for guidance and tracking control laws for unmanned air vehicles (UAV). The proposed adaptive system is based on an extended non-linear dynamic inversion (NLDI) approach augmented with an artificial immune system mechanism that relies on a direct compensation inspired primarily by the biological immune system response. The implementation of the control laws is illustrated through HIL simulation using a mathematical model of an UAV research platform developed at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) to support the design, testing and validation of bio-inspired fault tolerant adaptive control algorithms. The main objective of the control laws is to minimize forward, lateral, and vertical distances with respect to a desired trajectory, and maintain stability and adequate performance in the presence of sub-system failures. The performance of the control laws is evaluated during autonomous flight in terms of trajectory tracking errors, real-time execution on board the flight computer, and control activity at nominal and abnormal conditions. The results obtained with the ERAU-UAV HIL environment show that for all cases investigated the extended NLDI approach augmented with the immunity-based mechanism has desirable fault tolerant capabilities and is reliable for in-flight testing operation as a next step towards the validation and verification of this adaptive configuration.
The role of juvenile adjudications in the disproportional incarceration of African-American and Hispanic defendants

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated the mediating role of criminal history in incarceration decisions involving black and Hispanic men. Juvenility also plays a role in differential punishment. Our study examines juvenile adjudications as a component of criminal history, and the extent to which such adjudications are a potential source of disproportional incarceration of black and Hispanic men. Drawing from the focal concerns model of punishment decisions, we investigate juvenile adjudications in criminal history as they might mediate racial and ethnic differences in incarceration. We also examine whether judges give different weight to adjudications depending on how long ago they occurred, and whether juvenile adjudications heighten the incarceration chances of minority men more than others. We analyze Pennsylvania sentencing data from 2006 to 2010 that allow for the decomposition of criminal history into juvenile adjudications and adult convictions, and examine incarceration and guideline departure d...
A Randomized and Controlled Trial on Efficacy of Two Dose Regimes of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Treating Hemolytic Disease of Newborn

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of two dose regimes of IVIG [0.5 g/(kg·d) and 1 g/(kg·d)] in neonatal immune hemolysis.Methods:A total of 160 cases were randomly divided into two groups: 80 cases in the high dose treatment group and 80 cases in the low dose treatment group.In addition to the routine treatment,0.5 g/(kg·d) of IVIG were given by intravenous injection to the low dose group and 1 g/(kg·d) of IVIG to the high dose group.Three days after the treatment the two groups were compared in the duration of phototherapy,the time of hospitalization,duration of hospital stay,peak serum bilirubin,hemoglobin level and number of babies requiring exchange transfusion after IVIG.Results:There was no difference in mean duration of phototherapy(t=0.452,P0.05).The duration of hospital stay(t=2.12,P0.05),peak serum bilirubin(t=1.68,P0.05),hemoglobin level(t=1.68,P0.05) were almost same.There was no difference in need for exchange transfusion(χ2=0.69,P0.05).No adverse effects of IVIG administration were observed.Conclusions:For neonatal immune hemolysis,the clinical effects of two dose regimes of IVIG 0.5 g/(kg·d) and 1 g/(kg·d) were significant,but the cost of therapy can be reduced in the case of the lower dose of 0.5 g/kg of IVIG.
Analysis on theepidemiological characteristics of mumps in Diaobingshan,Liaoning( 2004-2012)

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Diaobingshan,so as to provide evidence for developing control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of mumps in Diaobingshan from 2004 to 2012. Results A total of 591 mumps cases were reported in Diaobingshan during this period with the average annual incidence rate,27. 31 per hundred thousand. The difference of annual incidence rate between different years were statistically significant( χ2= 858. 82,P 0. 005). There were two epidemics,one was from July,2004 to February,2005,the other from March,2009 to September,2009. Annual incidence rates of the rest of the years were very low,and without obvious seasonality. The mumps cases in children aged from 2 to 16accounted for 84. 60%,and aged from 5 to 8,were 33. 16%. The cases were mainly students( 42. 98%) or children of kindergartens( 36. 38%). Kindergarten and elementary school were the main epidemic places. Conclusion In high incidence season,mumps epidemic may easily occur in Diaobingshan. Mumps vaccination should be performed for children at least one month before high incidence season of mumps. It is necessary to strengthen surveillance,prevention and control in high incidence season and in high risk population( kindergarten and school age children).
Renal Denervation: a Field in Flux

SYMPLICITY HTN-3 was a pivotal moment for renal denervation as a treatment option for resistant hypertension. Prior unblinded studies were called into question given the negative results of the first sham-controlled trial of renal denervation. Reevaluation of the renal denervation procedure demonstrated that a more precise approach was needed to adequately denervate the kidney. This new approach has been implemented in two ongoing clinical trials, one on and one off medications to assess the new procedure’s efficacy and safety. These and other ongoing trials will be discussed in the context of older studies in this field. We focus on novel findings published following the release of SYMPLICITY HTN-3 data in early 2014 and look to the future of renal denervation in the treatment of primary hypertension.
Superovulation with human menopausal gonadotropins is associated with endometrial gland-stroma dyssynchrony.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endometrial inadequacy in endometrial biopsies from women undergoing superovulation with hMG and to correlate these findings with the hormonal milieu. Design Controlled, retrospective analysis. Setting University-based, tertiary referral, outpatient infertility clinic. Subjects Endometrial biopsies were performed during the late luteal phase in 89 women undergoing hMG superovulation combined with IUI. Results were compared with the initial biopsies obtained as part of their routine infertility evaluation. Main Outcome Measures Biopsies were dated by two different observers using standard dating criteria. Serum samples obtained during the midluteal phase were assayed in duplicate for E2 and P levels using commercially available RIAs. Results Fifty-seven percent of the endometrial biopsies showed differences in the dating of the glandular epithelium that differed by > 2 days when compared with the stroma. In contrast, only 13% of endometrial biopsies obtained during a nonstimulated cycle showed gland-stroma dyssynchrony. When cycles associated with gland-stroma dyssynchrony were compared with cycles associated with coordinated development of the glands and stroma, no significant differences were observed in E2 level on the day of hCG administration, midluteal serum P, midluteal E2 level, or P:E2 ratios. Conclusions This study demonstrates that when endometrial biopsies are obtained during the late luteal phase in patients undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation there is a significant dyssynchrony in the maturation of the glandular epithelium and the stroma. This may reflect the degree of responsiveness of an individual woman’s endometrium rather than a result of the hormonal milieu.
Trading in markovian price models

We examine a Markovian model for the price evolution of a stock, in which the probability of local upward or downward movement is arbitrarily dependent on the current price itself (and perhaps some auxiliary state information). This model directly and considerably generalizes many of the most well-studied price evolution models in classical finance, including a variety of random walk, drift and diffusion models. Our main result is a “universally profitable” trading strategy — a single fixed strategy whose profitability competes with the optimal strategy (which knows all of the underlying parameters of the infinite and possibly nonstationary Markov process).
The factorized self-controlled case series method: an approach for estimating the effects of many drugs on any outcomes

We provide a hierarchical Bayesian model for estimating the effects of transient drug exposures on a collection of health outcomes, where the effects of all drugs on all outcomes are estimated simultaneously. The method possesses properties that allow it to handle important challenges of dealing with large-scale longitudinal observational databases. In particular, this model is a generalization of the self-controlled case series (SCCS) method, meaning that certain patient specific baseline rates never need to be estimated. Further, this model is formulated with layers of latent factors, which substantially reduces the number of parameters and helps with interpretability by illuminating latent classes of drugs and outcomes. We believe our work is the first to consider multivariate SCCS (in the sense of multiple outcomes) and is the first to couple latent factor analysis with SCCS. We demonstrate the approach by estimating the effects of various time-sensitive insulin treatments for diabetes.
Human Sociobiology and Group Selection Theory

Abstract Human sociobiology attempts to explain human social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. The initial controversies linked to the field have largely faded but have been replaced with new criticisms by those who promote the view that the unselfish cooperativeness of human beings, especially those who are unrelated to one another, requires that we consider how differences in the survival of entire groups can affect the evolution of altruism. The group selectionist argument, however, is based on the belief that the evolution of altruism cannot be explained in terms of the differences among individuals in the propagation of their genes. The reasons why natural selection theorists disagree are covered in this chapter.
Integrating Proteotoxic Stress Response Pathways for Induction of Cell Death in Cancer Cells: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major organelle that is involved in protein synthesis, and in proper maintenance of cellular homeostasis and adaptation to adverse environments. Perturbations in the cellular environment is sensed by transmembrane ER resident proteins to initiate an intricate and highly conserved signal transduction pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The central objective of the UPR is to prevent the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the UPR and adapt to cellular stress by promoting cell survival. However, if a threshold is exceeded by the stress, the UPR can trigger programmed cell death pathways. The ability of the UPR to maintain survival has important implication in human diseases such as cancer. Cancer cells can up-regulate signaling associated with the UPR to promote growth and resist anti-cancer therapy. Knowledge of the mechanism associated with the UPR may provide novel therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
Let the Right One in: Discovering and Mitigating Permission Gaps

Permissions that are granted but unused, or permission gaps, are needless risks to systems and should be removed expeditiously. More insidiously, granted permissions may not always be revoked when they are no longer required. In practice, identifying permission gaps can be hard since another reference point besides granted permissions is usually unavailable. Therefore, we argue that permission gaps often must be estimated. We propose DeGap, a framework that uses standard system logs as a reference point and a common logic for estimating the gaps in various services. DeGap identified potentially overly relaxed SSH server configurations, incorrect permissions on sensitive files, and dormant user groups. Just discovering permission gaps may be insufficient; administrators need to know how they can be fixed. DeGap can also identify changes to service configurations towards reducing permission gaps.
Kidney Transplant Recipients With Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis Have a Higher Risk of Acute Rejection Compared With Other Primary Glomerulonephritides.

Background Despite being the leading cause of graft failure, there is a lack of published data about the rates of rejection in kidney transplant patients with glomerulonephritis as the cause of end-stage renal disease. Methods We examined all consecutive adult (>18 years) renal transplant recipients with biopsy-proven native renal glomerular disease who underwent kidney transplant between 1994 and 2013. Glomerulonephritis groups included were IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (N = 306), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (N = 298), membranous nephropathy (MN) (N = 81), and lupus nephritis (LN) (N = 177). Results In the total cohort of 862 patients, 363 patients had an episode of acute rejection during the follow-up period of 19 years (incidence rate of 7.2% per year). Forty-five of 81 patients with MN had an episode of acute rejection during the follow-up period. Patients with MN had significantly higher incidence of acute rejection (12.1 per 100 person years, P < 0.05) in comparison to IgAN (7.2 per 100 person years), FSGS (7.4 per 100 person years), and LN (7.9 per 100 person years). Patients with MN had 1.9 times higher risk of developing acute rejection after transplant in comparison to IgAN (P < 0.005). In patients with MN, 33 of 45 (73.3%) rejection events were acute cellular rejection, 8 (17.8%) of 45 were acute antibody-mediated rejection and 6 of 45 (13.3%) were combined cellular and antibody-mediated acute rejection. Despite higher rates of acute rejection, 10-year allograft survival was similar in all subgroups. Conclusions Patients with MN have higher incidence of acute rejection after kidney transplant but have similar 10-year allograft survival in comparison to the other glomerular diseases like IgAN, FSGS, and LN.
Discovery of IDO1 Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside

Small-molecule inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) are emerging at the vanguard of experimental agents in oncology. Here, pioneers of this new drug class provide a bench-to-bedside review on preclinical validation of IDO1 as a cancer therapeutic target and on the discovery and development of a set of mechanistically distinct compounds, indoximod, epacadostat, and navoximod, that were first to be evaluated as IDO inhibitors in clinical trials. As immunometabolic adjuvants to widen therapeutic windows, IDO inhibitors may leverage not only immuno-oncology modalities but also chemotherapy and radiotherapy as standards of care in the oncology clinic. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6795-811. ©2017 AACR.
Growth and Properties of Hg-Based Superlattices

This paper reports on recent developments concerning the growth and characterization of Hg1-xCdxTe-CdTe superlattices and other Hg based superlattices such as HgTe-ZnTe, Hg1-xZnxTe-CdTe and Hg1-xMnxTe-CdTe. These superlattices have been grown in order to investigate the type III-type I transition in these superlattices. Thus a special attention has been given to the study of magneto transport properties.
Wasserstein Geometry of Quantum States and Optimal Transport of Matrix-Valued Measures

We overview recent results on generalizations of the Wasserstein 2-metric, originally defined on the space of scalar probability densities, to the space of Hermitian matrices and of matrix-valued distributions, as well as some extensions of the theory to vector-valued distributions and discrete spaces (weighted graphs).
A conceptual geochemical model of the geothermal system at Surprise Valley, CA

Abstract Characterizing the geothermal system at Surprise Valley (SV), northeastern California, is important for determining the sustainability of the energy resource, and mitigating hazards associated with hydrothermal eruptions that last occurred in 1951. Previous geochemical studies of the area attempted to reconcile different hot spring compositions on the western and eastern sides of the valley using scenarios of dilution, equilibration at low temperatures, surface evaporation, and differences in rock type along flow paths. These models were primarily supported using classical geothermometry methods, and generally assumed that fluids in the Lake City mud volcano area on the western side of the valley best reflect the composition of a deep geothermal fluid. In this contribution, we address controls on hot spring compositions using a different suite of geochemical tools, including optimized multicomponent geochemistry (GeoT) models, hot spring fluid major and trace element measurements, mineralogical observations, and stable isotope measurements of hot spring fluids and precipitated carbonates. We synthesize the results into a conceptual geochemical model of the Surprise Valley geothermal system, and show that high-temperature (quartz, Na/K, Na/K/Ca) classical geothermometers fail to predict maximum subsurface temperatures because fluids re-equilibrated at progressively lower temperatures during outflow, including in the Lake City area. We propose a model where hot spring fluids originate as a mixture between a deep thermal brine and modern meteoric fluids, with a seasonally variable mixing ratio. The deep brine has deuterium values at least 3 to 4‰ lighter than any known groundwater or high-elevation snow previously measured in and adjacent to SV, suggesting it was recharged during the Pleistocene when meteoric fluids had lower deuterium values. The deuterium values and compositional characteristics of the deep brine have only been identified in thermal springs and groundwater samples collected in proximity to structures that transmit thermal fluids, suggesting the brine may be thermal in nature. On the western side of the valley at the Lake City mud volcano, the deep brine-meteoric water mixture subsequently boils in the shallow subsurface, precipitates calcite, and re-equilibrates at about 130 °C. On the eastern side of the valley, meteoric fluid mixes to a greater extent with the deep brine, cools conductively without boiling, and the composition is modified as dissolved elements are sequestered by secondary minerals that form along the cooling and outflow path at temperatures
Digital Humanities as Public Humanities: Transformative Collaboration in Graduate Education

Abstract This chapter frames the University of Florida’s (UF) programmatic activities in the Digital Humanities (DH), delineated at UF with the emphasis on the Humanities as Public Humanities, and then focuses specifically on the role of the Graduate Internship Program in the Libraries as a strategic initiative supporting transformative collaboration through library partnership with teaching units and immersive engagement with graduate students. The chapter reviews the background, planning, and goals of the Internship Program. The chapter also covers two of the initially awarded internships in DH/Scholarship and Publishing, and the Digital Library of the Caribbean and Digital Scholarship. Importantly, the chapter is collaboratively authored by library faculty who developed the Internship Program Committee, teaching faculty who helped create and lead unique internship opportunities, and the graduate student interns themselves, to together address larger conceptual issues and questions of DH as Public Humanities in engagement for graduate education and library programs.
Pharmacogenetics and Psychiatric Care: A Review and Commentary.

Personalized or precision medicine is emerging in the treatment of human diseases and management based on each individual’s genetic pattern and response to drugs categorized into two areas: 1) pharmacogenetics and 2) pharmacogenomics1–5. Pharmacogenetics is the study of DNA structural variations and impact on drug metabolism, efficacy and tolerability. DNA remains stable and does not change with time or age. Pharmacogenetics is most often based on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, primarily found in the liver and involves genes coding for the production of cytochrome P450 enzymes6–9. The response to medications depends on each individual’s ability to metabolize drugs with most drugs broken down by this enzyme system dependent on the genetic makeup of each person. Pharmacogenomics is the study of DNA and RNA characteristics impacting gene function but can change or be influenced by factors (e.g., environment)10–12. Hence, pharmacogenetics deals with single genes and their structure while pharmacogenomics relates to gene function influenced by the environment, both can play a role in human disease including drug metabolism. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) have identified pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics as important key tools in development and testing of new drugs and their impact in treating individuals with human disease10,13,14. Inter-individual variability in drug response is now recognized as a major clinical problem in westernized societies where polymedication is common. Relevant gene polymorphisms with different racial distributions are identified sources of variability in drug responses by the modulation of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes discussed in this report. The conceptualization of drug interaction and potential relationship to an individual’s ability to break down drugs or metabolism influenced by genetics was raised by Motulsky in 195715,16 and later supported by genetic-based pharmacokinetics research. For several years, it was known that certain anesthetic agents and doses would be altered depending on the individual’s response, signs and symptoms during surgical procedures when anesthesia was administered indicating variable responses from person to person possibly related to differences in their genetic patterns.
Recent Lebensspuren in Nonmarine Aquatic Environments

Diverse faunas exist in nonmarine aquatic environments, and the animals make distinctive tracks, trails, tubes, and burrows. For example, certain beetles make dwellings or feeding burrows and pupal chambers. Midge fly larvae and aquatic earthworms extensively rework lake bottoms and lentic parts of rivers. Caddisfly larvae use clastic grains and plant material to construct unique, mobile dwelling cases. Snails and clams make abundant surface traces and resting burrows. Distinctive shore tracks and trails, dwelling burrows and similar structures, hibernation burrows, feeding traces, and nesting structures are made by aquatic and semiaquatic, freshwater vertebrates of diverse types.
The Gehring Lemma

I am honored and pleased to comment on the work of Professor Frederick W. Gehring on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Because of his pioneering ideas, the theory of quasiconformal mappings has enjoyed an extensive development. Reverse Holder inequalities represent one of Fred’s supreme accomplishments, with enormous repercussions for nonlinear PDEs. I am pleased to acknowledge the immense influence Fred has had on me and my work. His wonderful lemma, in particular, has shaped my own views on the L p -theory of mappings of finite distortion and their governing equations. It is to Fred and this lemma that my article is dedicated.
Local response of the primate retinal microcirculation to increased metabolic demand induced by flicker.

Purpose. To study the response of the macular circulation to a local increase in metabolicdemand created by a flickering source of illumination.Methods. Laser-targeted angiography (release of a fluorescent dye from heat-sensitive lipo-somes using a laser pulse) was used to study, in subhuman primates, changes in hemodynamicparameters of the retinal circulation that were induced by a flickering source of illumination.Changes in the macular macrocirculation were compared with those in the niacular microcir-culation and were evaluated at various distances from the foveola.Results. In response to monochromatic light flicker, the blood flow in retinal arteries increasedby 30%. The response of the microcirculation was not homogeneous. It showed a maximumincrease in the mid-perifoveal region where there is an increase in ganglion cells and nervefibers. Interestingly, the maximum change in the index representing capillary blood flowexceeded the blood flow change in the artery (P < 0.08).Conclusions. A stimulus expected to cause increased metabolic demand results in a regulatoryresponse by the retinal microcirculation. This response shows spatial variations mat corre-spond with known variations in retinal anatomy. The authors propose that a redistributionof blood can occur between the capillary layers to fulfill high metabolic demands by neuronaltissue remote from the choroid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:1240-1246..M.ore information is needed on the regulation ofthe retinal circulation at the local and microcircula-tory levels. An intricate regulation can be anticipatedbecause of the anatomy of the retinal microvascula-ture. As illustrated in Figure 1, the capillary beds inth e retina are organized in two basic layers: a deep(outer) one in the inner nuclear layer, and a moresuperficial (inner) one in the ganglion cell and nervefiber layer. Detailed examination reveals subdivisioninto four layers, one on either boundary of the gan-glion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer. It has beenshown that the arrangement (number and location
Allocation of Blame for Property Damage Originating in a Cigarette Receptacle Constructed from Flammable HDPE

Human factors and Ergonomics (HFE) researchers have systematically investigated how people allocate responsibility in product liability cases in which people have been seriously injured or killed. Previous research has shown how blame is assigned in a broad range of user injury contexts and to an array of potentially blameworthy entities. We extend this research to investigate allocation of blame for an incident involving substantial property damage, but no user injuries or deaths. Participants read a realistic scenario based on an actual product liability case in which a warehouse sustained more than one-million dollars in damage from a fire that originated in a receptacle designed for disposal of lit smoking materials (e.g., cigarettes) positioned near the building. The scenario systematically varied quality of the product warning (original manufacturer’s warning vs. a more comprehensive redesigned warning) and whether the manufacturer and the product’s distributor lied or did not lie to purchasers and end-users (smokers) about design limitations of the receptacle. Overall, the pattern of results from the property-damage scenario closely mirrored previous research involving serious injury or death. Consistent with previous research in this area, the product manufacturer received significantly less blame when it provided a redesigned warning about the product’s hazard. Interestingly, given the more comprehensive warning, blame was shifted disproportionately away from the manufacturer and toward the purchaser, not the other entities. Candor on the part of the manufacturer and distributor—when these entities provided accurate information—resulted in less blame assigned to them compared to when they either withheld this critical information or provided information that was misleading. Consequently, these findings add to the growing body of evidence indicating multiple benefits of safety.
Rhetorical Style and Bourgeois Virtue: Capitalism and Civil Society in the British Eighteenth Century

Over forty years ago, J.G.A. Pocock argued that eighteenth-century political history could be read in terms of two competing vocabularies: one, which was identified with the Country Party, adopted ...
Impact of the Affordable Care Act on elective general surgery clinical practice.

Abstract Background The Affordable Care Act (ACA) dramatically changed the healthcare system in the United States. This study aims to analyze the impact of the ACA on general surgery clinic visits and resultant procedures. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on new patients who presented to the elective general surgery clinic at an academic medical center between Jan. 1, 2012 and Dec. 31, 2015. Based on the open enrollment start date of Jan.1, 2014 patients were divided into pre-ACA and post-ACA periods. Data on demographics, type of insurance, missed appointments, and elective surgical procedures performed were collected. Results Medi-Cal insurance coverage increased post-ACA from 20.9% to 56.7%, p Conclusion The ACA had a profound impact on the general surgery clinic with fewer uninsured patients, fewer no-shows and a modest increase in the number of procedures performed. Summary In 2014 the Affordable Care Act mandate was implemented. This legislation impacted healthcare by significantly decreasing the number of uninsured patients and increasing overall volume in one general surgery clinic.