cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing whether practical wisdom and awe of god are associated with life satisfaction

Although emotion figures prominently in religious life, there has been little research on one of the strongest religious emotions—awe of God. The purpose of this study was to embed this key religious emotion in a wider latent-variable model that contains the following core hypotheses: (a) more frequent church attendance is associated with greater practical wisdom; (b) people with more practical wisdom are more likely to experience awe of God; (c) individuals who experience awe of God are more likely to say they feel a deep sense of connectedness with others; and (d) those who feel more closely connected with others will be more satisfied with their lives. New measures were developed to assess awe of God and practical wisdom. Findings from a recent nationwide survey (N 1,535) of middle-aged and older adults provided support for each of these relationships. Randall Collins (2005), a widely cited social theorist, argues that emotional energy is the force that motivates all of social life. This observation is consistent with a long history of research on the role that emotions play in religion. Ever since the pioneering work of Durkheim (1915/1965), a number of researchers have devoted considerable attention to describing the ways in which emotions shape the adoption of religious beliefs and behaviors (Davies, 2011; Riis & Woodhead, 2010). In fact, Roberts (2007) argues that religious emotions are the essential way in which church teachings are assimilated into the lives of the faithful. He identifies a range of emotions that are associated with religious involvement, including joy, contrition, gratitude, and compassion. However, it is surprising to find that he overlooks of one of the more intense emotional religious experiences—awe of God. Shiota, Keltner, and Mossman (2007) define awe as “ ...a n emotional response to perceptually vast stimuli that overwhelm current mental structures, yet facilitate attempts at accommodation” (p. 944). Building on this general definition, we define awe of God as feeling overwhelmed by the vastness of God’s creations, power, wisdom, and timelessness coupled with the effort to assimilate these experiences into new mental models. Although awe of God is a powerful religious emotion, the literature on this concept is underdeveloped. Theoretical and theological discussions of awe of God abound in the literature (e.g., Keltner & Haidt, 2003; Sundararajan, 2002; Wettstein, 1997). In fact, awe of God forms the cornerstone of Otto’s (1917/1958)
The Effect of Shifting Wealth Ownership on the Term Structure of Interest Rates: The Case of Pensions

Substantial shifts in wealth ownership from individuals to pension funds are currently taking place in the United States and also are in prospect for the foreseeable future. Moreover, pension funds typically exhibit portfolio preferences that are markedly different from those of individuals. In a world of heterogeneous investors, redistributions among wealth holders with different portfolio preferences will in general alter the structure of asset yields. Partial-equilibrium simulation experiments based on a model of the U. S. long-term bond market indicate that redistributions of saving flows from individuals to pension funds, in plausible magnitudes, can have major effects on the term structure of interest rates.
Discrete event simulation class for engineering graduate students

To graduate students accustomed to working with the numerical solution of partial differential equations using finite difference, finite elements, spectral methods, etc. where time generally progresses in evenly-spaced small intervals, switching paradigms to a discrete-event simulation environment is not only counterintuitive but is also difficult. The SimCenter at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga recently introduced a class in discrete event simulation with the goal of providing sufficient coverage of the topic to enable any of the SimCenter's students completing the course to work effectively in a typical industry- or government-supported simulation modeling group. The course is structured around a diverse set of engineering problems rather than traditional industrial engineering-type simulations in order to present the material in a more palatable fashion for students who come primarily from other disciplines. This paper discusses the organization of the class and serves as a good outline for another professor attempting a similar introduction.
New Read Scheme of Variable Vpass-Read for Dual Control Gate with Surrounding Floating Gate (DC-SF) NAND Flash Cell

New read operation scheme has been proposed for three-dimensional (3D) Dual Control gate with Surrounding Floating gate (DC-SF) NAND flash memory [1]. Based on TCAD and analytic model, the selected cell threshold voltage (VT) is increased by high neighbor cell VT because neighbor cell does not have enough Vpass-read to be "pass-transistor" in conventional read operation. To prevent this neighbor cell high VT effect, higher Vpass-read is applied to control gate (CG) of neighbor cell. And lower Vpass-read is applied to CG of the next neighbor cell to compensate FG potential of neighbor cell. For read operation of multi level cell, Vpass-read modulation has to be decreased corresponding to the selected cell read voltage VR. By using new read scheme, a stable read operation is successfully achieved in DC-SF NAND flash cell for MLC (2bit/cell) and TLC (3bit/cell).
The effects of prosthesis mass on metabolic cost of ambulation in non-vascular trans-tibial amputees

The effect of prosthesis mass on the metabolic cost of steady-state walking was studied in ten male non-vascular trans-tibial amputees (TTAs) and ten non-amputee controls. The subjects underwent four trials of treadmill ambulation, with each trial performed for nine minutes at level grade and 76 m/min. Twenty minutes of seated rest followed each trial. During trials numbers one and two, TTAs ambulated without mass added to their prosthesis. During the third and fourth trials, either 454 or 907 grammes mass (1 or 2lbs mass respectively) were randomly assigned and added to eithier the prosthesis or the leg of the non-amputee control. Subjects were blinded to the amount of mass added to their limb. Within-group comparisons across the four trials showed significant differences in oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) between the two non “mass added” trials, but no effect for addition of mass. The VO2 of TTAs was only 0.6ml/kg/min (4.7 percent) greater during walking following the addition of 907 gramme...
The Family as a Social Support System in Old Age

The cultures and the subcultures of a society define both the needs of its members and the ways in which these needs are to be met. The changes in cultures which have accompanied industrialization and urbanization have affected the relationships among family members, irrespective of their ages. This is not solely because of changes in the living arrangements of families which often accompany the push to the city that can now be observed in developing societies. It is also because cultural changes have brought an expansion of what come to be defined as needs. As people live longer, are better educated, and desire a higher standard of living their needs become greater. The abilities of the modern family to fulfill the needs of its members, young as well as old, must be evaluated against the background of this expansion of expectations (Rosenmayr, 1977). In all developed countries, as individual needs both increase and are differently defined, functions which may once have been the unique province of the family become shared functions of the family and bureaucracy, whether the latter be government, industry or the educational system. Old people, like other family members, have been affected by the changes in social structure which have been accelerated in the last several decades. Where the family was once expected to look after the economic needs of its members, industrial societies such as the U.S.
Least average residual algorithm (LARA) for tracking the motion of Arctic sea ice

Suppose we have two images /spl Iscr/ and /spl Jscr/ of a collection of ice floes taken at times t/sub 0/ and t/sub 1/, respectively. Given an ice floe I in /spl Iscr/, the authors develop a new automated tracking algorithm to track the position of I in image /spl Jscr/. The proposed least average residual algorithm (LARA) performs a constrained search for matching ice floes by determining an appropriate search space for each floe to be tracked. LARA takes a stepwise approach with suitable decision rules at various stages. It takes into account various distinguishing characteristics such as: i) the geometry of the ice field; ii) size of an ice floe; and iii) geometry of the floe. LARA also attempts to detect broken floes and amalgamated floes.
Aux Vases-Renault-Yankeetown Depositional Sequence in Comparison to Other Chesterian Depositional Sequences: ABSTRACT

The major Chesterian sandstone units from the Bethel to the Degonia have a thick, lower progradational part. This is typically overlain by a sequence of thin-bedded sandstone, siltstone, and shale-bearing thin, insitu coals and rooted zones wherever the underlying sandstone is thick. Overlying these coals and rooted zones is a much thinner transgressive End_Page 1456------------------------------ sequence usually including thin, marine sandstones which form a transition into the overlying limestones. Many of these limestones display remarkable lateral continuity. In the outcrop area of southeastern Missouri and southwestern Illinois, the Aux Vases, Renault, and Yankeetown Formations are primarily clastic units which interfinger with one another and probably make up a single depositional package. The massive sandstones, called the Aux Vases, occur at different horizons within the sequence and interfinger with shales which have been variously assigned to either the Renault or the Aux Vases. Furthermore, the Aux Vases differs from other Chesterian sandstone units in that it does not contain coal beds anywhere, and it displays prominent herringbone-type cross-beds. In some places, the sandstone contains marine fossils. However, the Renault, which is usually considered to be a limestone unit, in many places does not contain limestone, and when marine limestone lenses are present they are highly discontinuous. The Yankeetown is a thin, highly continuous unit that typically contains characteristic cherty sandstones along with sandstones like those found in other Chesterian sandstone units, as well as shales and limestones. Some of these strata also contain marine fossils. Thus, the Aux Vases differs from other major Chesterian sandstone units in showing strong tidal influence and in lacking both coals and rooted zones, but is similar to other Chesterian sands in showing widespread marine influence. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1457------------
Towards grounding concepts for transfer in goal learning from demonstration

We aim to build robots that frame the task learning problem as goal inference so that they are natural to teach and meet people's expectations for a learning partner. The focus of this work is the scenario of a social robot that learns task goals from human demonstrations without prior knowledge of high-level concepts. In the system that we present, these discrete concepts are grounded from low-level continuous sensor data through unsupervised learning, and task goals are subsequently learned on them using Bayesian inference. The grounded concepts are derived from the structure of the Learning from Demonstration (LfD) problem and exhibit degrees of prototypicality. These concepts can be used to transfer knowledge to future tasks, resulting in faster learning of those tasks. Using sensor data taken during demonstrations to our robot from five human teachers, we show the expressivity of using grounded concepts when learning new tasks from demonstration. We then show how the learning curve improves when transferring the knowledge of grounded concepts to future tasks.
Application of probabilistically constrained linear programs to risk-adjusted controller design

The focal point of this paper is the Probabilistically Constrained Linear Program (PCLP) and how it can be applied to control system design under risk constraints. The PCLP is the counterpart of the classical linear program, where it is assumed that there is random uncertainty in the constraints and, therefore, the deterministic constraints are replaced by probabilistic ones. It is shown that for a wide class of distributions, called log-concave symmetric distributions, the PCLP is a convex program. A deterministic equivalent of the PCLP is presented which provides insight on numerical implementation. Finally, this concept is applied to control system design. It is shown how the PCLP can be applied to the design of controllers for discrete-time systems to obtain a closed loop system with a well-defined risk of violating the so-called property of super stability. Furthermore, we address the problem of risk-adjusted pole placement.
Estimating the Probability of Failure When Software Runs Are Dependent: An Empirical Study

The assumption of independence among successive software runs, common to many software reliability models, often is a simplification of the actual behavior. This paper addresses the problem of estimating software reliability when the successive software runs are statistically correlated, that is, when an outcome of a run depends on one or more of its previous runs. First, we propose a generalization of our previous work using higher order Markov chain to model a sequence of dependent software runs. Then, we conduct an empirical study for exploring the phenomenon of dependent software runs using three software applications as case studies. Based on two statistical approaches, we show that the outcomes of software runs (i.e., success or failure) for two of the case studies are dependent on the outcome of one or more previous runs, in which case first or higher order Markov chain models are appropriate. Finally, we estimate the parameters of the appropriate models and discuss the effects of dependent software runs on the estimates of the software reliability.
Effects of inbreeding in Mimulus guttatus on tolerance to herbivory in natural environments

Inbreeding, which is common in plants, may increase the vulnerability of populations to natural enemies. Similarly, natural enemies may increase the expression of inbreeding depression in their hosts, resulting in altered selection on host mating-system evolution. To examine effects of inbreeding on tolerance to herbivory, we transplanted experimentally self- and cross-fertilized plants into four field populations of Mimulus gut- tatus and applied single Philaenus spumarius (spittlebug) nymphs to half. At the end of the growing season, we scored plants for five fitness components (reproductive effort, biomass, survival, probability of producing flowers or buds, and probability of bolting). Inbreeding reduced population-level tolerance to spittlebug herbivory with respect to plant aboveground biomass. Inbreeding effects on tolerance varied significantly among plant families for three fitness traits, indicating the opportunity for selection by herbivores to improve tolerance in inbreeding populations. These results also indicate that herbivores can alter inbreeding depression in plants. Our results mirror earlier greenhouse studies of inbreeding effects on plant-herbivore interactions, and demonstrate that these effects can be manifested in natural settings as well. This study indicates that inbreeding in natural populations can affect fitness not only directly, but also indirectly through altered inter- actions with natural enemies.
Structure of the Proton

The structure and size of the proton have been studied by means of high-energy electron scattering. The elastic scattering of electrons from protons in polyethylene has been investigated at the following energies in the laboratory system: 200, 300, 400, 500, and 550 Mev. The range of laboratory angles examined has been 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 135\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. At the largest angles and the highest energy, the cross section for scattering shows a deviation below that expected from a point proton by a factor of about nine. The magnitude and variation with angle of the deviations determine a structure factor for the proton, and thereby determine the size and shape of the charge and magnetic-moment distributions within the proton. An interpretation, consistent at all energies and angles and agreeing with earlier results from this laboratory, fixes the rms radius at (0.77\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm for each of the charge and moment distributions. The shape of the density function is not far from a Gaussian with rms radius 0.70\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm or an exponential with rms radius 0.80\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm. An equivalent interpretation of the experiments would ascribe the apparent size to a breakdown of the Coulomb law and the conventional theory of electromagnetism.
Monitoring the Strain Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes using an Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor

More advanced characterization and developmental tools are essential to improve the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries. Conventional tools have been limited to customized test cell configurations that require special facilities and expensive equipment. As a practical solution for the in situ monitoring of realistic battery cells, we have embedded fiber optic sensors within Li-ion battery pouch cells to monitor the internal electrode strain and temperature during cycling. Here we report the direct monitoring of strain evolution using implanted fiber-optic sensors within the individual electrodes in a Li-ion battery. Reproducible peak shifting and splitting in the implanted fiber optic sensor originate from the accumulated longitudinal and transverse strains associated with the expansion or contraction of the anode electrode. These discoveries demonstrate the feasibility and utility of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to be used as diagnostic tools in the development of new battery materials and structures.
Voting in a Metropolitan Community: An Application of Social Area Analysis

T HE study here reported was one phase of a larger investigation of local government, the Metropolitan St. Louis Survey. This had as its object (1) an over-all assessment of the present status of local government in a large metropolitan area; (2) the study of the relationship between the governmental process and structure, on one hand, and the citizen as voter and as client, on the other; and (3) a dynamic assessment of the possibilities of governmental change of many sorts, with special reference to the integration of the 149 governmental units of St. Louis City and St. Louis County into a smaller and, presumably, more viable structure of government. The purpose of the present investigation was the discovery of relationships between the social characteristics of the sub-areas in the city-county area and variations in voting behavior. The study thus constitutes both an attempt to measure the relations between the "social type" of a neighborhood and its voting, and a test of one method of identifying social type. For this purpose the Shevky-Bell typology of urban sub-areas was used. This typology is based upon three indexes, which are designed to measure three independent dimensions along which a given population may vary. It has been used, for the most part, with census tract populations as the objects of a study, although logically it can be applied to any aggregate or group in which these dimensions are assumed to be important. Since each index is a measure of a separate dimension along which populations may differ, the three, take in combination, produce empirically constructed "types."' The three indexes are: (1) the index of social rank, based upon occupation and education and correspo ding to most "objective" measures of socio-e onomic status; (2) the index of segregation, based upon the proportion of typically " egregated" populations in the given census tract (i.e., the foreign-born and nonwhites) and corresponding to general measures of ethnicity; and (3) the index of urbanization based upon variations in life style. The theoretical referent of the latter index is not one of the dimensions of society commonly used by sociologists, and it therefore requires further explication. The index of urbanization is a composite measure based upon fertility ratio, proportion of singlefamily dwelling units, and proportion of women in the labor force. The index identifies census tract populations, in contemporary metropolitan areas, ranging from home and family centered neighborhoods to the apartment house neighborhoods where the small family, the childless couple, and the single adult are the characteristic population. This variation in life style cannot be attributed simply to increasing social rank, however, for there is no direct relationship between the two.2
Cell penetrating peptide conjugated polymeric micelles as a high performance versatile nonviral gene carrier.

The major goal of this study is to design, synthesize, and evaluate linoleic acid and penetratin dual-functionalized chitosan (CS-Lin-Pen) as a nonviral gene carrier. The amphiphilic CS-Lin-Pen self-assembles to form cationic micelles in an aqueous environment. These polymeric micelles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and cell viability, as evaluated by in vitro hemolysis and MTT assay, respectively. When CS-Lin-Pen micelles were added to plasmid DNA (pDNA) solution, the electrostatic interaction between the cationic micelles and anionic pDNA led to the formation of stable CS-Lin-Pen/pDNA polyplexes with ∼100 nm in size. The resultant polyplexes demonstrated ∼5-fold higher cellular uptake as compared to unmodified chitosan. Furthermore, CS-Lin-Pen micelles showed efficient protection of pDNA from DNase I attack and exhibited ∼34–40-fold higher transfection in comparison with unmodified chitosan in HEK 293, CHO, and HeLa cells. These findings illustrate that the CS-Lin-Pen micelles could be exploited ...
Shape-controlled synthesis of colloidal superparticles from nanocubes.

This communication reports a shape-controlled synthesis of colloidal superparticles (SPs) from iron oxide nanocubes. Our results show that the formation of SPs is under thermodynamic control and that their shape is determined by Gibbs free energy minimization. The resulting SPs adopt a simple-cubic superlattice structure, and their shape can be tuned between spheres and cubes by varying the relative free energy contributions from the surface and bulk free energy terms. The formation of sphere-shaped SPs from nanocubes suggests that the size-dependent hydration effect predicted by the Lum–Chandler–Weeks theory plays a very important role in the self-assembly of nano-objects. In addition, the iron oxide SPs exhibit shape-dependent therapeutic effects in magnetomechanical treatments of cancer cells in vitro.
Makings of a brittle bone: Unexpected lessons from a low protein diet study of a mouse OI model

Glycine substitutions in type I collagen appear to cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) by disrupting folding of the triple helix, the structure of which requires Gly in every third position. It is less clear, however, whether the resulting bone malformations and fragility are caused by effects of intracellular accumulation of misfolded collagen on differentiation and function of osteoblasts, effects of secreted misfolded collagen on the function of bone matrix, or both. Here we describe a study originally conceived for testing how reducing intracellular accumulation of misfolded collagen would affect mice with a Gly610 to Cys substitution in the triple helical region of the α2(I) chain. To stimulate degradation of misfolded collagen by autophagy, we utilized a low protein diet. The diet had beneficial effects on osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix mineralization, but also affected bone modeling and suppressed overall animal growth. Our more important observations, however, were not related to the diet. They revealed how altered osteoblast function and deficient bone formation by each cell caused by the G610C mutation combined with increased osteoblastogenesis might make the bone more brittle, all of which are common OI features. In G610C mice, increased bone formation surface compensated for reduced mineral apposition rate, resulting in normal cortical area and thickness at the cost of altering cortical modeling process, retaining woven bone, and reducing the ability of bone to absorb energy through plastic deformation. Reduced collagen and increased mineral density in extracellular matrix of lamellar bone compounded the problem, further reducing bone toughness. The latter observations might have particularly important implications for understanding OI pathophysiology and designing more effective therapeutic interventions.
Early Predictors of HIE Adverse Outcome

A retrospective study of 35 term infants with post-asphyxial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was conducted at the KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, to determine early predictors of mortality or major motor morbidity at 18 months of age.
Intraperitoneal continuous-rate infusion for the maintenance of anesthesia in laboratory mice (Mus musculus)

Intraperitoneal injectable anesthetics are often used to achieve surgical anesthesia in laboratory mice. Because bolus redosing of injectable anesthetics can cause unacceptably high mortality, we evaluated intraperitoneal continuous-rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine with or without xylazine for maintaining surgical anesthesia for an extended period of time. Anesthesia was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by using ketamine (80 mg/kg) and xylazine (8 mg/kg) without or with acepromazine at 0.1 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg. At 10 min after induction, CRI for 90 min was initiated and comprised 25%, 50%, or 100% of the initial ketamine dose per hour or 50% of the initial doses of both ketamine and xylazine. Anesthetic regimens were compared on the basis of animal immobility, continuous surgical depth of anesthesia as determined by the absence of a pedal withdrawal reflex, and mortality. Consistent with previous studies, the response to anesthetics was highly variable. Regimens that provided the longest continuous surgical plane of anesthesia with minimal mortality were ketamine-xylazine-acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg) with CRI of 100% of the initial ketamine dose and ketamine-xylazine-acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg) with CRI of 50% of the initial ketamine and xylazine doses. In addition, heart rate and respiratory rate did not increase consistently in response to a noxious stimulus during CRI anesthesia, even when mice exhibited a positive pedal withdrawal reflex, suggesting that these parameters are unreliable indicators of anesthetic depth during ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in mice. We conclude that intraperitoneal CRI anesthesia in mice prolongs injectable anesthesia more consistently and with lower mortality than does bolus redosing.
Management of Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal and clinically challenging malignancies to treat, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of approximately 7%. At the time of initial presentation, a majority of patients have metastatic disease. The median overall survival in these patients with good performance status is 8.5 to 11.1 months and in patients with significantly impaired performance status, even less. Strategies to integrate novel agents with traditional cytotoxic therapies are under investigation and hold promise for improving outcomes in patients with metastatic PDAC. This article focuses on the current management options and novel therapeutics for metastatic PDAC.
Materialklassifikation mit Hilfe von Methoden der Multivariaten Datenanalyse

Mit einer Klassifikation des Materialsortiments eines Unternehmens wird das Ziel verfolgt, einheitliche Bedarfsermittlungs- und Bereitstellungsstrategien im Rahmen der Materialbedarfsplanung fur die resultierenden Gruppen von Verbrauchsfaktoren abzuleiten. Die ABC— und die XYZ—Analyse zahlen zu den klassischen Verfahren der Materialklassifikation. Dabei wird jeweils nur ein Klassifikationskriterium in Form des Verbrauchswerts bzw. des Verbrauchsverlaufs herangezogen. In der Literatur werden einige Erweiterungen dieser Verfahren propagiert, bei denen mehrere Kriterien zur Bildung der Klassen verwendet werden. Diese Ansatze setzen jedoch entweder quantifizierbare Entscheidungskriterien voraus oder sind nur bei zwei, nicht notwendigerweise quantitativen Klassifizierungsvariablen sinnvoll anwendbar. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden durch die Anwendung von multivariaten Analysemethoden problemadaquate multikriterielle Klassifikationsansatze erarbeitet und vorgestellt. Diese Ansatze konnen quantitative und qualitative Entscheidungsvariablen gleichzeitig berucksichtigen und auch bei mehr als zwei Kriterien zu praktikablen Ergebnissen fuhren.
High-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution over atmospheric turbulent channels

We experimentally demonstrate a RF-assisted four-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system in the presence of turbulence. The atmospheric turbulence channel is emulated by two spatial light modulators (SLMs) on which two randomly generated azimuthal phase patterns are recorded yielding Andrews’ azimuthal phase spectrum. Frequency and phase locking are not required in our system thanks to the proposed digital phase noise cancellation (PNC) stage. Besides, the transmittance fluctuation can be monitored accurately by the DC level in this PNC stage, which is free of post-processing noise. The mean excess noise is measured to be 0.014, and the maximum secret key rate of >20Mbit/s can be obtained with the transmittance of 0.85, while employing the commercial PIN photodetectors.
Classification of Glenohumeral Instability: A Proposed Modification of the FEDS System

Classification systems have been found to be very useful in many areas of medicine. Once a system is formulated and validated, it can guide the physician to select an appropriate treatment leading to better outcome based on the experience of others. In a research setting, using a classification system can be extremely helpful, in particular, for multicenter research, to ensure that investigators at different centers are looking at the same type of condition or injury. The AO systems of fracture classification are the most widely recognized examples in orthopedic surgery.
Waypoint-to-waypoint energy-efficient path planning for multi-copters

Flight time is a key aspect for ubiquitous deployment of unmanned multi-copters. The duration of flight depends on on-board component efficiency along with the battery capacity of the multi-copter. The propulsion system (motor and propeller) of the multi-copter consumes more than ∼60% of the battery energy. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for finding an energy-efficient path between two waypoints in three dimensional space. The algorithm takes into consideration the mechanical and electrical properties of its propulsion system along with the dimensions of the obstacle space to determine an energy efficient flying path. Through detailed simulations of real world flying scenarios we demonstrate that our algorithm provides ∼30 % energy savings for mid-range flights as compared to traditional line-of-sight approaches.
Attenuation of Red Blood Cell Storage Lesions with Vitamin C

Stored red blood cells (RBCs) undergo oxidative stress that induces deleterious metabolic, structural, biochemical, and molecular changes collectively referred to as “storage lesions”. We hypothesized that vitamin C (VitC, reduced or oxidized) would reduce red cell storage lesions, thus prolonging their storage duration. Whole-blood-derived, leuko-reduced, SAGM (saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol)-preserved RBC concentrates were equally divided into four pediatric storage bags and the following additions made: (1) saline (saline); (2) 0.3 mmol/L reduced VitC (Lo VitC); (3) 3 mmol/L reduced VitC (Hi VitC); or (4) 0.3 mmol/L oxidized VitC (dehydroascorbic acid, DHA) as final concentrations. Biochemical and rheological parameters were serially assessed at baseline (prior to supplementation) and Days 7, 21, 42, and 56 for RBC VitC concentration, pH, osmotic fragility by mechanical fragility index, and percent hemolysis, LDH release, glutathione depletion, RBC membrane integrity by scanning electron microscopy, and Western blot for β-spectrin. VitC exposure (reduced and oxidized) significantly increased RBC antioxidant status with varying dynamics and produced trends in reduction in osmotic fragility and increases in membrane integrity. Conclusion: VitC partially protects RBC from oxidative changes during storage. Combining VitC with other antioxidants has the potential to improve long-term storage of RBC.
Intel^{\mbox{\scriptsize\circledR}} Core^{\mbox{\scriptsize TM}} i7 Processor Execution Engine Validation in a Functional Language Based Formal Framework

Formal verification of microprocessor components has been pursued in Intel processor development projects in various forms for over a decade. Usually formal verification has been used to supplement more traditional coverage oriented testing activities. For the Intel\(^{\mbox{\tiny\circledR}}\) Core\(^{\mbox{\tiny TM}}\) i7 design we took a step further and used formal verification as the primary validation vehicle for the core execution cluster, the component responsible for the functional behaviour of all microinstructions. We applied symbolic simulation based formal verification techniques for full datapath, control and state validation for the cluster, and dropped coverage driven testing entirely [2]. The project, involving some twenty person years of verification work, is one of the most ambitious formal verification efforts in the hardware industry to date, and shows that under the right circumstances, full formal verification of a major design component is a feasible, industrially viable and competitive validation approach.
Polarization- and wavelength-resolved near-field imaging of complex plasmonic modes in Archimedean nanospirals

Asymmetric nanophotonic structures enable a wide range of opportunities in optical nanotechnology because they support efficient optical nonlinearities mediated by multiple plasmon resonances over a broad spectral range. The Archimedean nanospiral is a canonical example of a chiral plasmonic structure because it supports even-order nonlinearities that are not generally accessible in locally symmetric geometries. However, the complex spiral response makes nanoscale experimental characterization of the plasmonic near-field structure highly desirable. Here we employ high-efficiency, high-spatial-resolution cathodoluminescence imaging in a scanning transmission electron microscope to describe the spatial, spectral, and polarization response of plasmon modes in the nanospiral geometry.
ATRIAL ISCHEMIA AS A MECHANISM OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Animal models of atrial ischemia have shown increased spontaneous atrial ectopic activity and slowing of atrial conduction, leading to initiation and sustained reentry of atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients from a single center with angina and at least single vessel coronary artery disease (CAD)
Abstract 3873: Relationship Between Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) And Outcomes In Intra-arterial Treatment Of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose: Identification of early ischemic stroke is instrumental in rapidly triaging patients who may benefit from revascularization. We sought to understand the relationship between baseline ASPECT scores and outcomes in patients who underwent intra-arterial thrombolysis. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of acute ischemic strokes at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center during the time period of 2001-2011. CT-ASPECT scores were prospectively scored by treating physicians. The following additional factors were considered: age, NIHSS, time from last seen well (TLSW) to angiography, good vascular flow (TIMI score of 2 or 3), parenchymal hematoma (PH) formation and good clinical outcome (mRS score of 0-2 at 90 days). Results: Of 322 patients included in the study, there was a significant correlation between ASPECT score and good clinical outcome when good vascular flow was achieved. Table 1 and graph 1 summarizes the distribution of ASPECTS scores and corresponding rate of good TIMI flow and good clinical outcome along with other variables of interest. Conclusions: A baseline ASPECT score of 7 or greater is predictive of a good clinical outcome, particularly when adequate recanalization is achieved. In contrast, patients with an ASPECT score of 6 or less had poor clinical outcomes, particularly when recanalization was not achieved. These data support a paradigm in which CT ASPECT scores are used to define patients appropriate for endovascular treatement.
The role of predictive models for resilient modulus of unbound materials in pavement FWD-deflection assessment

The unbound materials in pavements are stress dependent and any changes in the moisture content will change the stress level and, therefore, the material behaviour. The objectives of this paper are...
Abstract 4039: PAX8 increases migration and metastasis of high grade serous ovarian cancer through upregulation of Rho GTPases

High grade serous ovarian cancer, the most lethal subtype of ovarian cancer, can originate in either the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) or ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). PAX8 is a lineage specific transcription factor that is ubiquitously expressed in HGSOC. We have shown that knockdown of PAX8 using shRNA in multiple ovarian tumor cells lines leads to apoptosis, suggesting that PAX8 plays an essential role in cancer survival. In this study, we used CRISPR technology to delete PAX8 from the OVCAR8 cell line. PAX8 deletion led to a decrease in migration and invasion in vitro and an increase in survival and a reduction in tumor volume in vivo. Previous work using RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing identified cell adhesion as a top differentially expressed gene between malignant ovarian cancer and benign fallopian tube cell lines. We performed quantitative proteomic analysis of the OVCAR8-PAX8-/- cell line to define PAX8 altered proteins. We also performed quantitative proteomics and transcriptomic analyses on a previously generated murine OSE cell line with forced PAX8 expression (MOSE-PAX8). These analyses identified several genes that contribute to an increase in migration and EMT. Specifically, our data indicates PAX8 upregulates key drivers involved in altering cell morphology including the GTPases: RhoA, Cdc42, and Ras. Inhibition of RhoA led to a greater decrease in migration for both OVCAR8-PAX8-/- and MOSE-PAX8 when compared to control. Inhibition of Ras had a greater effect in OVCAR8-PAX8-/- while inhibition of Cdc42 had a greater effect in MOSE-PAX8. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of PAX8 on increasing migration and metastasis in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Laura Hardy, Melissa Pergande, Angel Hernandez, Stephanie Cologna, Joanna Burdette. PAX8 increases migration and metastasis of high grade serous ovarian cancer through upregulation of Rho GTPases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4039.
Dynamics in the Phobos environment

Abstract The dynamical environment on and about the Martian moon Phobos is explored. This planetary moon provides a unique dynamical environment in the solar system, being subject to extreme tidal forces and having a characteristically non-spherical shape. Further, it is not in a fully circular orbit, meaning that it has librations that arise from its eccentricity, contributing to a periodic forcing environment. Thus, to plan and implement missions in the vicinity of and on Phobos will require these considerations be taken into account. In this paper the latest published models of the Phobos shape and dynamics are used to characterize its dynamical environment in close proximity orbit about the body, for motion across its surface and for controlled hovering motion in its vicinity. It is found that surface motion is subject to a number of “speed limits” that can cause a moving vehicle to leave the surface and to possibly escape the moon and enter orbit about Mars. In terms of orbital stability, the existence of libration orbit families are characterized down to the surface using an exact potential, and the known stable QSO orbits are shown to be associated with families of stable quasi-periodic orbits.
Quantitative Analysis of Heterogeneity in Academic Achievement of Children With Autism

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a quintessential example of a clinical population with diverse symptom presentations and marked variation in cognitive abilities. However, the extent literature lacks rigorous quantitative procedures for characterizing heterogeneity of cognitive abilities in these individuals. Here we employ novel clustering and cross-validation procedures to investigate the stability of heterogeneous patterns of cognitive abilities in reading and math in a relatively large sample (N=114) of children with ASD and matched controls (N=96). Our analysis revealed a unique profile of heterogeneity in ASD, consisting of a low-achieving subgroup with poor math skills compared to reading, and a high-achieving subgroup who showed superior math skills compared to reading. Verbal and central executive working memory skills further differentiated these subgroups. Findings provide insights into distinct profiles of academic achievement in children with ASD, with implications for educational practice and intervention, and provide a novel framework for quantifying heterogeneity in the disorder.
Tubulitis in a patient treated with nivolumab: Case report and literature review:

Kidney injury associated with use of immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the programmed death-1 molecule commonly manifests as acute tubulointerstitial nephritis on kidney biopsy. We present a...
Superconducting and normal-state anisotropy of the doped topological insulator Sr 0.1 Bi 2 Se 3 .

SrxBi2Se3 and the related compounds CuxBi2Se3 and NbxBi2Se3 have attracted considerable interest, as these materials may be realizations of unconventional topological superconductors. Superconductivity with Tc ~3 K in SrxBi2Se3 arises upon intercalation of Sr into the layered topological insulator Bi2Se3. Here we elucidate the anisotropy of the normal and superconducting state of Sr0.1Bi2Se3 with angular dependent magnetotransport and thermodynamic measurements. High resolution x-ray diffraction studies underline the high crystalline quality of the samples. We demonstrate that the normal state electronic and magnetic properties of Sr0.1Bi2Se3 are isotropic in the basal plane while we observe a large two-fold in-plane anisotropy of the upper critical field in the superconducting state. Our results support the recently proposed odd-parity nematic state characterized by a nodal gap of Eu symmetry in SrxBi2Se3.
MRI-related FDA adverse event reports: A 10-yr review.

Purpose To provide an overview of the types of adverse events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for magnetic resonance (MR) systems over a 10-yr period. Methods Two reviewers independently reviewed adverse events reported to FDA for MR systems from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 and manually categorized events into eight event types. Thermal events were further subcategorized by probable cause. Objects that became projectiles were also categorized. Results FDA received 1568 adverse event reports for MR systems between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2017. This analysis included 1548 reports. Thermal events were the most commonly reported serious injury (59% of analyzed reports). Mechanical events - defined as slips, falls, crush injuries, broken bones, and cuts; musculoskeletal injuries from lifting or movement of the device - (11%), projectile events (9%), and acoustic events (6%) were also observed. Conclusions Adverse events related to MR systems consistent with the known hazards of the MR environment continue to be reported to FDA. Increased awareness of the types of adverse events occurring for MR imaging systems is important for prevention.
Measuring the effectiveness of high-performance Co-Optima biofuels on suppressing soot formation at high temperature

Soot emissions in combustion are unwanted consequences of burning hydrocarbon fuels. The presence of soot during and following combustion processes is an indication of incomplete combustion and has several negative consequences including the emission of harmful particulates and increased operational costs. Efforts have been made to reduce soot production in combustion engines through utilizing oxygenated biofuels in lieu of traditional nonoxygenated feedstocks. The ongoing Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative from the US Department of Energy (DOE) is focused on accelerating the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable biofuels and high-efficiency, low-emission vehicle engines. The Co-Optima program has identified a handful of biofuel compounds from a list of thousands of potential candidates. In this study, a shock tube was used to evaluate the performance of soot reduction of five high-performance biofuels downselected by the Co-Optima program. Current experiments were performed at test conditions between 1,700 and 2,100 K and 4 and 4.7 atm using shock tube and ultrafast, time-resolve laser absorption diagnostic techniques. The combination of shock heating and nonintrusive laser detection provides a state-of-the-art test platform for high-temperature soot formation under engine conditions. Soot reduction was found in ethanol, cyclopentanone, and methyl acetate; conversely, an α-diisobutylene and methyl furan produced more soot compared to the baseline over longer test times. For each biofuel, several reaction pathways that lead towards soot production were identified. The data collected in these experiments are valuable information for the future of renewable biofuel development and their applicability in engines.
Effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase serine-1412 phosphorylation on hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian function and leptin response

Hypothalamic neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) potentiates adult female fertility in rodents by stimulating gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which in turn promotes luteinizing hormone (LH) release and ovulation. The mechanism of hypothalamic nNOS activation is not clear but could be via nNOS serine1412 (S1412) phosphorylation, which increases nNOS activity and physiologic NO effects in other organ systems. In female rodents, hypothalamic nNOS S1412 phosphorylation reportedly increases during proestrus or upon acute leptin exposure during diestrus. To determine if nNOS S1412 regulates female reproduction in mice, we compared the reproductive anatomy, estrous cycle duration and phase proportion, and fecundity of wild-type and nNOS serine1412➔alanine (nNOSS1412A) knock-in female mice. We also measured hypothalamic GnRH and serum LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone in diestrus mice after intraperitoneal leptin injection. Organ weights and histology were not different by genotype. Ovarian primordial follicles, antral follicles, and corpora lutea were similar for wild-type and nNOSS1412A mice. Likewise, estrous cycle duration and phase length were not different, and fecundity was unremarkable. There were no differences among genotypes for LH, FSH, estradiol, or progesterone. In contrast to prior studies, our work suggests that nNOS S1412 phosphorylation is dispensable for normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function and regular estrous cycling. These findings have important implications for current models of fertility regulation by nNOS phosphorylation.