cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Ambiguous Joint Chance Constrained Economic Dispatch with Correlated Wind Power Uncertainty

This paper proposes a holistic framework of data-driven distributionally robust joint chance constrained economic dispatch (ED) optimization, which seamlessly incorporates deep learning-based optimization for effective utilization of renewable energy in power systems. By leveraging a deep generative adversarial network (GAN), an f-divergence-based ambiguity set of wind power distributions is constructed as a ball centered around the probability distribution induced by a generator neural network. In particular, the GAN is well suited for capturing complicated temporal and spatial correlations among renewable energy sources. Based upon this ambiguity set, a distributionally robust joint chance constrained ED model is developed to hedge against distributional uncertainty present in multiple constraints, without assuming a perfectly known probability distribution. The proposed deep learning based ED optimization framework greatly mitigates the conservatism inflicting on distributionally robust individual chance constrained optimization. Theoretical a priori bound on the required number of synthetic wind power data generated by GAN is explicitly derived for the multi-period ED problem to guarantee a predefined risk level. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated in the six-bus system by comparing with the state-of-the-art method.
Associations between social contagion, group conformity characteristics, and non-suicidal self-injury

The current study aimed to better understand the relationship between exposure to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) through peers, group conformity characteristics (i.e., over-dependency, need-to-bel...
Structure determination in the presence of twinning by merohedry

This chapter details strategies for determining structures based on intensity data suffering from twinning. Progress can often be made in the early stages of structure determination without taking the twinning into account, whereas proper refinement of structures must account for the effects of twinning. Complications that can occur when handling anomalous-scattering information are discussed. Opportunities are identified for more formal treatments of the problem of phasing twinned data. The facility with which twinning can be analysed and discriminated from local noncrystallographic symmetry during the final stages of analysis is emphasized. Keywords: twinning; merohedral twinning; structure determination
Envisioning A Global Legal Culture

This paper envisions a global legal culture. This global legal culture will interact with the national legal cultures and will fundamentally change legal practice, even ostensibly local legal practice. Thus, there is a practical imperative in contemplating this evolving legal culture for all lawyers and legal scholars. US lawyers and US legal scholars face a special urgency because we are so far behind others in recognizing the practical importance of understanding the world's legal cultures. This paper hopes to initiate reflections on the blending of legal cultures in the world arena. The paper suggests two plausible vehicles for the creation of this legal culture: The World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Bodies, globalizing commercial legal cultures, and the United Nations' International Court of Justice, globalizing rights. These two tribunals not only suggest plausible global adjudicative systems, if not the final versions, but already provide some real world experience. The paper relies more directly on the experience of two more developed centralizing court systems, the US federal judiciary and the European system comprising the European Union's European Court of Justice (ECJ) and European Court of Human Rights. The European tribunals offer a recent and particularly valuable experience in the merging of national laws into a larger legal culture. In addition, the ECJ demonstrates the progression of open market adjudication into adjudication of nearly all of society's issues. The paper posits a blending of civil law thinking with common law thinking in evolving a global legal culture. This approach is more than transatlantic chauvism: these two legal models have migrated around the world, for good and bad reasons, so that they cover about 70% of the world's population. Because the paper anticipates a large portion of common law readers, it begins the analysis with a treatment of foundational aspects of civil law thinking and how that thinking might translate in the design of the global legal culture. Then the paper focuses on envisioning a global legal culture bringing together common law thinking, particularly the US version, and that of the civil law. The paper attempts to identify the tensions and to suggest possible resolution of these tensions. It notes the additional complication of merging the judicial philosophies of parliamentary and presidential governmental types. Again and with emphasis, the attention to the civil law and common law models support only a potential first generation of a global legal culture. Other legal cultures surely will have impact and the creative capacity of future generations will eventually be crucial. In the end, the paper merely hopes to offer a first stage framework, seeking to lay the groundwork for and encourage thinking about the dimensions of an emerging global legal culture.
Nonorthogonal independent vector analysis using multivariate Gaussian model

We consider the problem of joint blind source separation of multiple datasets and introduce an effective solution to the problem. We pose the problem in an independent vector analysis (IVA) framework utilizing the multivariate Gaussian source vector distribution. We provide a new general IVA implementation using a decoupled nonorthogonal optimization algorithm and establish the connection between the new approach and another approach using second-order statistics, multiset canonical correlation analysis. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the success of the new algorithm in achieving reliable source separation for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian sources.
Nanoelectromechanical systems face the future

In the late 1950s visionary physicist Richard Feynman issued a public challenge by offering $1000 to the first person to create an electrical motor "smaller than 1/64th of an inch". Much to Feynman's consternation the young man who met this challenge, William McLellan, did so by investing many tedious and painstaking hours building the device by hand using tweezers and a microscope.
A Global Perspective on Pension Fund Asset Allocation

A comparison of pension fund asset allocations around the globe shows surprisingly wide variations. Closer study reveals some interesting relationships that help explain the variations. Outright allocation restrictions are numerous, but they appear to be constraining in only a few situations. Pension funds diversify internationally to a much greater degree in equities than in bonds. A positive relationship exists between a country's relative level of international trade and its average level of international diversification within equities. The most dramatic finding is that subtle accounting and regulatory differences between countries have a strong impact on the allocation between equities and bonds.
Puzzled Probability and intuition

Welcome to three new puzzles. Solutions to the first two will be published next month; the third is (as yet) unsolved. In each puzzle, the issue is how your intuition matches up with the mathematics.
Leucinal inhibits brain aminopeptidase activity and potentiates analgesia induced by leu-enkephalin

Abstract L-Leucinal, a transition state analog inhibitor of kidney leucine amino-peptidases, was found to serve as a competitive inhibitor of soluble aminopeptidase activity from rat brain (K i =22 μ M). Simultaneous intracisternal administration of leucinal and leu-enkephalin produced dose-dependent analgesia in the hot plate test in mice, in concentrations at which neither L-leucinal nor leu-enkephalin alone elicited a significant response. Simultaneous administration of leucinal and β-endorphin also resulted in potentiation of β-endorphin's analgesic activity. Leucinal did not enhance the antinociceptive response to neurotensin or to [D-ala 2 ]-met-enkephalinamide, which are structurally resistant to the action of brain aminopeptidases.
Student Retention is More Complicated Than Merely Keeping the Students You Have Today: Toward a “Seamless Retention Theory”:

While student retention is often thought of as little more than keeping the students an institution already has enrolled, the authors propose that a true seamless retention effort is one that begin...
Induction of manganese superoxide dismutase in cultured human trophoblast during in vitro differentiation.

Abstract The antioxidant responses of human cell differentiation and membrane fusion are not known and may be important in understanding cellular response to injury in the human placenta. We studied the regulation of antioxidant enzymes in human trophoblasts which differentiate from mononucleated cellular trophoblasts to synctium in vivo and in culture. We characterized morphological and biochemical differentiation of cultured trophoblasts from term placenta in the presence or absence of serum, on different growth surfaces, and with a range of plating densities. Culture of cellular trophoblasts consistently and transiently induced the mRNAs of the mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) but not the mRNAs for the antioxidant enzymes copper zinc SOD or catalase. Fibrin and type I collagen substrates modulated only the expression of the placental specific proteins, human chorionic gonadotropin, and human placental lactogen. Both Mn SOD induction and terminal differentiation, as reflected by human chorionic gonadotropin expression, were dependant on trophoblastic plating density. Increased levels of a smaller Mn SOD mRNA species correlated temporally with an increase in Mn SOD enzyme activity in cultured trophoblasts. These results demonstrate that Mn SOD gene expression and enzyme activity precede or are coordinately regulated with morphological and biochemical trophoblastic differentiation.
Observations on populations of the horseshoe crabLimulus (=Xiphosura) polyphemus

1. Marked populations ofLimulus (=Xiphosura) polyphemus reveal that in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, they consisted of 10,000–18,000 adults in 1957 and 1961. The sex ratio in 1957 was about 4 males: 1 female. Pairs may remain attached for as long as 9 days. An undisturbed female may lay as many as 12,000 eggs in one nest. 2. The Cold Spring Harbor populations appear to be rather sedentary: none of the 1,000 animals marked on the north edge of the sandspit in 1961 were detected in the outer harbor either at Laurel Hollow Beach or the peninsula adjacent to the Cold Spring Harbor Yacht Club 500–800 meters from the tagging site (see Fig. 1), nor were they found in the small beach adjacent to the Biological Laboratory in the inner harbor. Similarly, none of the 300 animals marked at this last site were found at the north edge of the sandspit. 3. The phenotype of the compound eye varies from black to pigmentless. Samples observed in Cold Spring Harbor and in the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (separated by Long Island Sound and a distance of 150 miles) differ in the frequency of the various phenotypes scored, but the mode of inheritance of eye color remains obscure. 4. The available evidence indicatesLimulus has considerable phenotypic variation in regard to body size, eye color, and other characters believed to be inherited, with the result that demes or physiological races are created. It is argued that the belief that this organism is stable and has not changed since the Triassic 200 million years ago has foundation only in regard to thepattern of the body ofLimulus, but not in regard to its genotype.Limulus does not seem to be different from other organisms for which considerable genetic evidence is available, and thus the statement that DNA is fairly stable and has remained so for 200 million years is open to question.
Structural Diversity of Amyloid Oligomers

Recent evidence suggests that soluble amyloid oligomers may represent the primary pathological species of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Conformation-dependent, aggregation specific antisera indicate that there are three widely distributed and distinct classes of oligomer structures: prefibrillar oligomers, fibrillar oligomers and pore like annular protofibrils. Fibrillar oligomers are soluble at 100,000 x g, rich in β-sheet structures but yet bind weakly to thioflavin T. EPR spectroscopy indicates that fibrillar oligomers display significantly more spin-spin interaction at multiple labeled sites than prefibrillar oligomers and are more structurally similar to fibrils. Fibrillar oligomers are approximately one half to one third the height of mature fibrils, suggesting that they may represent small pieces of a single fibril protofilament. Fibrillar oligomers seed the formation of fibrillar oligomers from As monomers, but do not seed the formation of fibrils. The fibrillar oligomers resulting from seeded reactions have the same dimensions and morphology as the initial seeds, suggesting that the seeds replicate by growing to a limiting size and then splitting. We have also isolated a number of monoclonal antibodies that recognize generic, sequence-independent epitopes associated with prefibrillar oligomers. Analysis of synthetic As oligomers by dot bots using prefibrillar oligomer specific monoclonal antibodies indicates that structural polymorphisms exist in As prefibrillar oligomers that vary in their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that distinct structural variants of soluble As oligomers exist, analogous to different strains of prions. These structural polymorphisms may contribute to disease heterogeneity. This work was supported by NIH NS 38298, AG00538, the Cure Alzheimer Fund and a grant from the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation.
The narrow line region of active galaxies – I. Nuclear [O III] profiles

On presente les profils [O III] de haute dispersion de 42 galaxies actives et H II de l'hemisphere sud
Interactive similarity ordering

The interactive similarity ordering (ISO) system gathers similarity data that can be symmetric, asymmetric, or rectangular in form. Because the subject makes a very simple judgment and the number of judgments is interactively minimized, this procedure can be used for a relatively large number of stimuli. This system has been programmed on a PDP-11/45 and on a Motorola 6800-based microprocessor. An empirical investigation indicates that the ISO system compares favorably with other large stimulus set procedures.
FAST-NEUTRON IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON DISLOCATION STRUCTURES IN IRON STRAINED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE.

Abstract Specimens for electron-transmission microscopy were prepared from tensile test bars of Ferrovac E iron which had been strained at ambient temperature after irradiation with fast neutrons to fluences of 2 × 10 18 nvt, 1 × 10 19 nvt and 2 × 10 20 nvt ( E > 1.45 MeV). Dislocation structures were compared with those in similar unirradiated specimens and correlated with the true stress-strain curves obtained from the test bars. In irradiated specimens low strains produced straighter, less tangled dislocations, and higher strains produced a higher concentration of debris than in unirradiated specimens. At similar strain levels, dislocation concentrations, structures and distributions in irradiated specimens were similar to those in unirradiated specimens. Dislocation channeling did not occur in irradiated specimens. It is concluded that effects of fast-neutron irradiation on the flow stress and strain-hardening rate of Ferrovac E iron at ambient temperature are not caused by effects of irradiation on the dislocation structures resulting from strain. The effect of strain dislocations on the flow stress is less in the irradiated case because their effect in decreasing the distance between obstacles to dislocation motion is reduced by the high concentration of radiation defect obstacles.
Direct Observation of Third-Sound Mass Displacement Waves in Unsaturated Superfluid 4 He Films

We report direct observation of pulsed third-sound film thickness oscillations in unsaturated superfluid /sup 4/He films using a capacitance technique. Simultaneous measurements of accompanying temperature oscillations allow the first study of the relative amplitudes of these oscillations, and the results are in reasonable agreement with the theory of Bergman although some discrepancies are noted.
Greater than 100 watt average power at 0.53 um with 25 ns, 2.5 kHz repetition rate pulses from a single-power oscillator

ABSTRACT We have generated approximately 100 watts of frequency doubled light from the output of an electro-optically Q-switched, diode-pumped Nd:YAG slab laser oscillator operating at an average power of 200watts (2.5 kHz repetition rate, 80 mJ/pulse, 25 ns pulsewidth). The Q-switch was a compensated z-axis propagation LiNbO3 electro-optic modulator, and the frequency conversion crystal was a thin slab ofKTP. In addition, Q-switched operation at an average power of approximately 250 watts with 26 ns pulsewidths has been demonstrated. 1. INTRODUCTION Compact and efficient frequency converted solid state lasers with multi-hundred watt average powersare highly desirable for a number of industrial and military applications. Previous demonstrations of 100 watt frequency doubled output from solid state laser systems have utilized either master- oscillator/power amplifier configurations with the unavoidable degree of complexity inherent to thatapproach,l2 or intracavity frequency conversion of acousto-optically Q-switched lasers which gives
Nonorthogonal Quantum States Maximize Classical Information Capacity

I demonstrate that, rather unexpectedly, there exist noisy quantum channels for which the optimal classical information transmission rate is achieved only by signaling alphabets consisting of nonorthogonal quantum states. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Vocal recognition of pups by mother Mexican free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana

Abstract The ability of Mexican free-tailed bat mothers and pups to recognize vocalizations of their presumptive kin (pup isolation calls and mother echolocation calls, respectively) was tested using playbacks of recorded calls. Captive individuals were presented with calls of two bats, one presumptive kin and the other a stranger, from opposite sides of a circular wire arena. Response was determined by amount of time spent on each side of the arena, time spent in contact with a cloth bat model in front of each speaker, and number of separate contacts with each model. For the latter two measures, mothers showed a significant preference for the calls of their presumptive pups. Pups were attracted to adult echolocation calls, but did not show preference for calls of different mothers. The ages of pups appears to have had no effect on the responsiveness of either pups or mothers to the playbacks. This study demonstrates vocal kin recognition by mothers, and suggests an important role for acoustic cues in mother-pup reunions in this species. The findings do not preclude the possibility that vocal recognition of mothers by pups also occurs.
The Incidence of Bulimia Nervosa and Pathogenic Weight Control Behaviors in Female Collegiate Gymnasts

(1993). The Incidence of Bulimia Nervosa and Pathogenic Weight Control Behaviors in Female Collegiate Gymnasts. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 238-241.
A retrospective study assessing Barrett’s esophagus and its correlation with body mass index

Purpose: Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has been the cancer with the most rapidly rising incidence in the U.S. in the past 30 years. The only precursor to this cancer has been the lesion known as Barrett's esophagus. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the role of BMI, alcohol use, and tobacco use, on the occurrence of Barrett's esophagus.
Maxillary Orthognathic Surgery

Maxillary surgery to correct dentofacial deformity has been practiced for almost 100 years. Significant advances have made maxillary surgery a safe and efficient means of correcting midface deformities. Anesthetic techniques, specifically hypotensive anesthesia, have allowed for safer working conditions. Landmark studies have proven manipulation and segmentalization of the maxilla is safe and allowed this surgery to become a mainstay in corrective jaw surgery. This article provides an overview of surgical techniques and considerations as they pertain to maxillary surgery for orthognathic surgery. Segmental surgery, openbite closure, vertical excess, grafting, and a technology update are discussed.
LPV Control for the Full Region Operation of a Wind Turbine Integrated with Synchronous Generator

Wind turbine conversion systems require feedback control to achieve reliable wind turbine operation and stable current supply. A robust linear parameter varying (LPV) controller is proposed to reduce the structural loads and improve the power extraction of a horizontal axis wind turbine operating in both the partial load and the full load regions. The LPV model is derived from the wind turbine state space models extracted by FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structural, and turbulence) code linearization at different operating points. In order to assure a smooth transition between the two regions, appropriate frequency-dependent varying scaling parametric weighting functions are designed in the LPV control structure. The solution of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) leads to the LPV controller. A synchronous generator model is connected with the closed LPV control loop for examining the electrical subsystem performance obtained by an inner speed control loop. Simulation results of a 1.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine model on the FAST platform illustrates the benefit of the LPV control and demonstrates the advantages of this proposed LPV controller, when compared with a traditional gain scheduling PI control and prior LPV control configurations. Enhanced structural load mitigation, improved power extraction, and good current performance were obtained from the proposed LPV control.
SINGLE-POINT VERSUS TIME-INTENSITY SENSORY MEASUREMENTS: AN INFORMATIONAL ENTROPY ANALYSIS

. Single-point sensory response measurement techniques such as magnitude estimation and category scaling only contain a limited amount of information. Time-intensity (T-I) data collection techniques provide much more information, addressing rate-related and duration aspects as well as intensity quantification. A theoretical analysis and comparison of single-point and T-I responses is presented from an informational (Shannon) entropy content viewpoint. The analysis is based on a hypothetical T-I response curve and a hypothetical series of single-point measurements attempting to approximate the T-I curve. Assuming a 15 s sensory event the associated T-I response of a single parameter is shown to contain a significantly greater amount of potential information storage capacity relative to the single-point or a small series of single-point measurements attempting to generate temporal behavior. Theoretically, the T-I response also displays greater quantities of a parameter called information density. Finally, it may be hypothesized that T-I techniques can be shown to be more efficient in terms of rate of information acquisition.
Conformational analysis of the backbone-dependent rotamer preferences of protein sidechains.

Amino acids have sidechain rotamer preferences dependent on the backbone dihedral angles φ and ψ. These preferences provide a method for rapid structure prediction which is a significant improvement over backbone-independent rotamer libraries. We demonstrate here that simple arguments based on conformational analysis can account for many of the features of the observed backbone dependence of the sidechain rotamers. Steric repulsions corresponding to the ‘butane’ and ‘syn-pentane’ effects make certain conformers rare, as has been observed experimentally.
Piggyback modulation for UHF RFID sensors

We introduce the technique of “piggybacking” sensor data onto existing commercial passive UHF RFID tags. Sensor data fed into a PIN diode modulator is coupled onto the tag and transmitted along with the tag ID via backscatter. The radar cross section (RCS) of the tag antenna is a function of the input impedance of the tag ASIC, coupling S-parameters, and the input impedance of the PIN diode modulator. Both analog and digital sensor signals coexisting with identification data are presented.
A multiple counter for a beta spectrometer

Abstract A single structure consisting of fourteen parallel proportional counters in a plane array has been constructed and installed in the University of Colorado beta-ray spectrometer. All counters are independent of one another and each counter records electrons of a different momentum value. Twelve counters record spectral data over a range of intensities, while two record background. All twelve data counters have demonstrated resolutions of the order of 0.1% at a spectrometer transmission of 0.4% of 4π.
Blood flow through compliant vessels after endovascular repair: wall deformations induced by the discontinuous wall properties

In this paper we derive a set of equations which can be used to study wall deformations and transmural pressure at the anchoring sites of endovascular prostheses. The equations are the jump conditions associated with the underlying model equations. The model equations are derived from the Navier–Stokes equations to describe the blood flow through compliant axi-symmetric vessels after endovascular repair. They are in the form of a quasilinear hyperbolic system of partial differential equations with discontinuous coefficients. Since the weak form of the equations contains the product of the Dirac delta distribution with the Heaviside function, the jump conditions and the weak form cannot be obtained using the standard distribution theory. Driven by the undelying application in mind, we present a preliminary analysis leading to the jump conditions by interpreting the ambiguous products as a mean value with respect to the measure obtained in the limit of the “regularizing kernels” [17]. We show that the numerical solution obtained by using the Richtmyer two-step Lax–Wendroff method satisfies the weak form of the equations associated with a symmetric regularizing kernel in which case the weak form is independent of the particular choice of the kernel. We give an example (treatement of aortic abdominal aneurysm using multiple overlapping stents) where the conditions obtained in this paper can be used in the optimal design of an endovascular procedure.
Ethanol-induced mouse strain differences in locomotor activity.

Abstract C57BL/6J mice showed dose dependent decreases in locomotor activity with increasing IP doses of ethanol (0.0, 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 g/kg), while BALB/cJ mice showed dose dependent increases in activity; both strains were equally active with saline. Whether this finding represents decreased CNS responsivity in C57BL mice to ethanol's excitatory effect or increased response to its depressant action at sub-hypnotic doses is unclear, since anesthetic doses produce anesthesia of far shorter duration in the C57BL strain than in the BALB strain. It is possible that the biphasic action of alcohol is under the control of separate and distinct mechanisms, rather than a common one, and that these two mechanisms are differentially affected by alcohol. Endogenous as well as ethanol-induced neurochemical differences in biogenic amines may also be correlated with the genetic variation in CNS responsitivity towards alcohol.
Ultrastructure of human amnion and amniotic plaques of normal pregnancy.

The fine structure of amniotic and amniotic-plaque epithelia has been studied from normal term pregnancies. The columnar/cuboidal amniotic epithelial cells usually have apical or central nuclei, some free ribosomes, patches of granular endoplasmic reticulum, juxtanuclear Golgi complexes, rod-shaped mitochondria, lipid droplets and some glycogen granules. They have short, blunt microvilli which frequently branch and bathe in the amniotic fluid. The lateral plasma membranes enclose tortuous intercellular spaces which are always interrupted by variously folded processes and desmosomes. The epithelial cells rest on a basal lamina and exhibit highly folded basal processes. The amniotic epithelial cells are neither distinctly Golgi and fibrillar types nor “light” and “dark” in appearance.
Predictive Bayesian Dose-Response Assessment for Appraising Absolute Health Risk from Available Information

ABSTRACT Currently, no general measure of population health response to untestable doses of chemicals and microbes has been established that accounts for uncertainty quantitatively and indicates relative toxicity or virulence directly. Untestable doses include those corresponding to the 2.74 × 10−7 illnesses per exposure expressed in goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Surface Water Treatment Rule, and doses of human bioterror agents. For example, it is shown that relative Benchmark Dose (BMD) values depend upon the level of confidence assumed. Because of the lack of scientific basis for this level, BMDs are not comparable among health stressors for untestable doses and stressors. In this paper a new predictive Bayesian method is proposed for absolute and relative dose-response assessment based on available information. Information may include toxicological judgment, epidemiological statistics, genetic information, related data, and numeric dose-response data. Results for rotavirus indicat...
EFFECT OF THE MEAN FREE PATH ON THE MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR OF SMALL SUPERCONDUCTING PARTICLES.

We have calculated the density of states of superconducting spheres much smaller in size than the coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ and the penetration depth $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ for arbitrary mean free path $l$ and arbitrary fields at zero temperature. In agreement with experimental results, the theory predicts an appreciable deviation from results obtained in the limit $l\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ even if the ratio $\frac{l}{{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}}$ is small, like $\frac{l}{{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.1$. We also discuss the dependence of the critical field on the mean free path and the boundary condition for arbitrary temperatures.
Tubulin characterization during embryogenesis of Ascaris suum.

Tubulin in cytosolic fractions of Ascaris suum embryos was characterized on the basis of its specific colchicine binding and known properties of the tubulin-colchicine complex. Cytosolic fractions of early (eight-cell) and late (gastrula) embryos maintained at 37°C exhibited significant colchicine binding reaching pseudosaturation at 6 hr. No binding was detected in samples incubated for 8 hr at 0°C. Colchicine binding activity of late embryo cytosolic fractions in the absence of guanosine 5′-triphosphate or vinblastine sulfate decayed with first-order kinetics and had a t12 of 377 min and a k of 1.84 × 10−3 min−1. In the presence of 1 mM guanosine 5′-triphosphate (t12 = 563 min, k = 1.23 × 10−3 min−1) or 0.5 mM vinblastine sulfate (t12 = 877 min, k = 0.79 × 10−3 min−1), the tubulin-colchicine interaction was stabilized. Colchicine binding to late embryo tubulin was competitively inhibited by podophyllotoxin with a Ki of 1.1 × 10−6 M. The association constants of early and late soluble embryo tubulin for colchicine were 4.35 × 104 M−1 and 1.86 × 105 M−1, respectively. Although the affinity of early tubulin for colchicine was less than late embryo tubulin, the titratable soluble tubulin pools were equal in these stages. The tubulin pool was estimated to be 0.3% of the soluble embryo protein. The change in affinity of tubulin for colchicine during embryogenesis appeared to be unique to this organism. The importance of this change and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of tubulin affinities are discussed.
Identical immunoreactivity of afferents to the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus with antisera against avian pancreatic polypeptide, molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide and neuropeptide Y.

Avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like, molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide (FMRF)-like and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivities were studied in a secondary visual pathway in rat brain. The cell bodies of this pathway are located in the lateral geniculate nucleus and its terminal plexus is found in the suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus (SCN). The neurons and terminal plexus demonstrated by antiserum to each peptide are identical, and immunoreactivity is blocked by preabsorption of each antiserum with a low concentration of the antigen against which it was raised. Immunoreactivity is also blocked by preabsorption of each antiserum with either NPY or APP. In contrast, APP- and NPY-like immunoreactivities are blocked only partially when these antisera are preabsorbed with concentrations of FMRF as high as 100 μM. Since NPY is the only one of these peptides that has been isolated from mammalian brain, we conclude that NPY is the endogenous CNS peptide produced by neurons of the lateral geniculate-SCN projection.
Interactive Visual Data Mining of a Large Fire Detector Database

As sensor networks become ubiquitous, the need for data mining of sensor network data is gaining momentum. Sensor network data is typically large, noisy and imbalanced, which makes it challenging to build a robust model from the data. In addition, traditional data mining often requires postmortem processing of the resulting statistically significant patterns to identify interesting patterns by means of visualization. For this reason, interactive visual data mining is employed for mining patterns from the fire detector dataset of the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) database in this work. The suitability of interactive visual data mining, in place of its traditional counterpart, is demonstrated.
Transitory and persistent earnings components as reflected in analysts' short-term and long-term earnings forecasts: evidence from a nonlinear model

Abstract This study uses a nonlinear framework to examine the relative proportion of transitory and persistent earnings components in financial analysts' earnings forecasts for three different time horizons (one quarter ahead, one year ahead, and three-to-five years ahead). We find that the proportion of transitory earnings components in analysts' forecasts decreases as the forecast horizon is extended. Using a nonlinear multivariate model, we find that both short-term and long-term forecast revisions are important for explaining stock price changes. Our study is important to investors because its results are consistent with analysts using short-term earnings forecasts to signal their expectations about a firm's reported GAAP earnings, and longer-term forecasts to convey their expectations about a firm's more persistent earnings. Moreover, both short-term and long-term forecasts are shown to provide value-relevant information to investors. Our study is important to researchers because it suggests that a nonlinear model is more appropriate for describing the relation between returns and analysts' forecast revisions. Prior studies, using linear models, have underestimated the value-relevance of forecast revisions, especially short-term ones.
A Review of the Applications of Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy at High Sensitivity

Abstract This paper presents a review of several applications of tunable diode laser technology requiring high sensitivity or high precision. The paper outlines technical developments which have led to a reduction in laser noise and an improvement in laser stability, both of which are critical to the task of achieving high signal-to-noise ratios in tunable diode applications. Sophisticated tunable laser systems are described which are being used to collect important data which are used in developing an understanding of the processes responsible for the annual ozone depletion. Stable isotope ratio measurements requiring low noise and high long-term stability and low-temperature collisional cooling experiments requiring low noise are also described. The list of references appropriate to these discussions is comprehensive.
Aluminum SCOPW energy band dependence upon the local exchange approximation

The dependence of the energy bands of aluminum upon the parameter α in the Slater exchange is shown using the self-consistent orthogonalized plane wave (SCOPW) method. Two fully self-consistent calculations at different α's were performed. These calculations indicate that an a less than 1 should be chosen to obtain agreement with previous work.
Insulin, unlike food intake, does not suppress ghrelin in human subjects.

Food intake suppresses plasma levels of the gastric peptide ghrelin in humans. We hypothesize that the food intake- suppression of ghrelin could be secondary to the plasma glucose and insulin changes after a meal. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the administration of a combined pulse of glucose and insulin to the effect of one meal on plasma ghrelin in human subjects. A secondary aim was to study the effect of an oral glucose load on ghrelin levels. Methods: Experiment 1 (n = 10) studied plasma glucose, insulin, leptin and ghrelin for 6 hours after a 790 kcal liquid meal. In Experiment 2 (n = 7), a subcutaneous pulse of insulin (Humalog 0.03U/kg) and an I.V. infusion of glucose were administered in order to mimic the plasma changes of glucose and insulin after a meal, and plasma ghrelin levels were monitored for 9 h. The OGTT data was used to study the effect of oral glucose on ghrelin. Results: A mixed liquid meal decreased basal serum ghrelin by 26% at 40 minutes (p = 0.009). A 75 gr ...
Enhanced estrogen-induced proliferation in obese rat endometrium

Objective We tested the hypothesis that the proliferative estrogen effect on the endometrium is enhanced in obese vs lean animals. Study Design Using Zucker fa/fa obese rats and lean control, we examined endometrial cell proliferation and the expression patterns of certain estrogen-regulated proproliferative and antiproliferative genes after short-term treatment with estradiol. Results No significant morphologic/histologic difference was seen between the obese rats and the lean rats. Estrogen-induced proproliferative genes cyclin A and c-Myc messenger RNA expression were significantly higher in the endometrium of obese rats compared with those of the lean control. Expression of the antiproliferative gene p27Kip1 was suppressed by estrogen treatment in both obese and lean rats; however, the decrease was more pronounced in obese rats. Estrogen more strongly induced the antiproliferative genes retinaldehyde dehydrogenases 2 and secreted frizzled-related protein 4 in lean rats but had little or no effect in obese rats. Conclusion Enhancement of estrogen-induced endometrial proproliferative gene expression and suppression of antiproliferative gene expression was seen in the endometrium of obese vs lean animals.
Energy degrader optimization for medical beam lines

This paper describes the optimization of a variable energy degrader design for the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI) (The Indiana University Midwest Proton Radiation Institute, in: Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, PAC-2001, Chicago, 2002, p. 645). To optimize the energy degrader design we investigate the choice of an optimal material for the degrader, the beam emittance growth in the degrader, and the matching of the degraded beam with the acceptance of a medical beam line.
Murine abdominal aortic aneurysm model by orthotopic allograft transplantation of elastase-treated abdominal aorta

Objective Murine models have proved instrumental in studying various aspects of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), from identification of underlying pathophysiologic changes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we describe a new model in which an elastase-treated donor aorta is transplanted to a recipient mouse and allowed to progress to aneurysm. We hypothesized that by transplanting an elastase-treated abdominal aorta of one genotype to a recipient mouse of a different genotype, one can differentiate pathophysiologic factors that are intrinsic to the aortic wall from those stemming from circulation and other organs. Methods Elastase-treated aorta was transplanted to the infrarenal abdominal aorta of recipient mice by end-to-side microsurgical anastomosis. Heat-inactivated elastase-treated aorta was used as a control. Syngeneic transplants were performed with use of 12-week-old C57BL/6 littermates. Transplant grafts were harvested from recipient mice on day 7 or day 14 after surgery. The aneurysm outcome was measured by aortic expansion, elastin degradation, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration and compared with that produced with the established, conventional elastase infusion model. Results The surgical technique success rate was 75.6%, and the 14-day survival rate was 51.1%. By day 14 after surgery, all of the elastase-treated transplanted abdominal aortas had dilated and progressed to AAAs, defined as 100% or more increase in the maximal external diameter compared with that measured before elastase perfusion, whereas none of the transplanted aortas pretreated with inactive elastase became aneurysmal (percentage increase in maximum aortic diameter: 159.36% ± 23.27%, transplanted elastase, vs 41.46% ± 9.34%, transplanted inactive elastase). Aneurysm parameters, including elastin degradation and infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes, were found to be identical to those observed in the conventional elastase model. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed similarly increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (relative changes of mRNA in the conventional elastase model vs transplant model: tumor necrosis factor α, 1.71 ± 0.27 vs 2.93 ± 0.86; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 2.36 ± 0.58 vs 2.87 ± 0.51; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, 3.37 ± 0.92 vs 3.46 ± 0.83; and interferon γ, 3.09 ± 0.83 vs 5.30 ± 1.69). Using green fluorescent protein transgenic mice as donors or recipients, we demonstrated that a small quantity of mononuclear leukocytes in the transplant grafts bared the genotype of the donors. Conclusions Transplanted elastase-treated abdominal aorta could develop to aneurysm in recipient mice. This AAA transplant model can be used to examine how the microenvironment of a transplanted aneurysmal aorta may be altered by the contributions of the "global" environment of the recipient.
Syntheses, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of New Types of Cu(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) Organophosphonate Materials: Three-Dimensional Frameworks and a One-Dimensional Chain Motif

The hydrothermal syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of the Cu(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes with organophosphonic acid H2O3PCH2NH2+CH2PO3H- are reported. Compound Cu3[NH2(CH2PO3)2]2 (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, with unit cell parameters a = 9.4430(10) A, b = 9.3681(10) A, c = 16.0755(17) A, V = 1422.1(3) A3, and Z = 4. The X-ray crystallographic determination reveals copper ions in two different coordination environments that are bridged by one terminal oxygen atom to form a three-dimensional framework of corner-sharing layers. Antiferromagnetic coupling between the two types of Cu units in 1 was observed at 15 K, followed by ferromagnetic ordering at 9 K. Compound Co3[NH2(CH2PO3)2]2 (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P21212 with unit cell parameters a = 10.7346(8) A, b = 13.3704(10) A, c = 5.3699(4) A, V = 770.72(10) A3, and Z = 2. All Co(II) ions are in a tetrahedral environment with both ends of the ligand bound via O atoms to adjacent Co(II) ions...
Stratified outcome comparison of clindamycin-gentamicin vs chloramphenicol-gentamicin for treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis.

• A randomized, prospective trial was conducted of 93 patients with operatively confirmed intra-abdominal sepsis. The study compared clindamycin-gentamicin and chloramphenicol-gentamicin for treatment of carefully stratified patient groups. Malnutrition, age over 65 years, shock, alcoholism, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, steroid administration, diabetes, obesity, and organ malfunction were present with equal frequencies in each group. The duration of antibiotic treatment averaged 8½ days, and the average length of postoperative hospitalization was 29 days. Study antibiotics were changed for bacteriologic reasons in 11 patients taking clindamycin-gentamicin and 12 patients taking chloramphenicol-gentamicin (25% of the total), and two patients in the clindamycin-gentamicin group had a minor adverse reaction. Initial satisfactory clinical responses were obtained in 59 (63%) patients. Twenty-five patients (27%) subsequently developed unsatisfactory courses, but 48 (52%) patients remained well through the 30-day period. Septic-related mortality occurred in 18 (19%) patients, and two (2%) patients had unrelated deaths. There were no significant differences between the study regimens by the outcome criteria evaluated. ( Arch Surg 1985;120:889-898)
The Design and Development of an Advanced Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine

Significant advances in all elements of gas turbine design technologies have occurred during the past decade. These developments have created a technical climate conducive to the creation of a totally new heavy-duty gas turbine, as opposed to the uprating of an existing design. This paper discusses the features and characteristics of a new heavy-duty gas turbine that takes advantage of the latest technological advances. Discussed are the basis for design parameter selection, the operating characteristics, the materials of construction, and the component design features. Also presented are the features and performance of the unique combustion system and the results of and plans for component and prototype testing. This paper represents a comprehensive treatment of this advanced gas turbine, which is in the initial manufacturing stage in preparation for extensive factory testing followed by shipment to a customer by mid-1988.
Dexterity Testing as a Predictor of Oral Care Ability

OBJECTIVE: To examine a spectrum of elderly people to determine if hand function/dexterity measures can predict oral care ability. DESIGN: A series of dental, hand function, and dexterity measures were assessed by blinded examiners. Plaque scores were used as the criterion standard to assess plaque removal ability. PATIENTS: A convenience sample of 52, predominately male, elderly patients were recruited from the patient population of the Portland Veteran Affairs Medical Center and a community nursing home. Entry into the study required that the patient be able to give consent, be age 65 or older, have a minimum of six contiguous teeth or a minimum of 12 teeth total, be medically stable, have grossly adequate vision, and be able to hear and understand spoken instructions. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was plaque score, as defined by the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein index. This was related to four dexterity tests (Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function test, Nine-hole Peg test, Box and Block test, Toothbrushing Ability test), a grip strength measure, and a cognitive measure (Allen Cognitive Level Test). RESULTS: Oral hygiene was significantly impaired among institutionalized elderly compared with outpatient elderly (P < 0.001), as was dexterity (P < 0.001). All dexterity tests correlated significantly with plaque score (Spearman rho: 0.49–0.77; P < 0.000). Forward stepwise regression analysis identified the Toothbrushing Ability Test (P < 0.0001) and the time spent brushing (P = 0.007) as the most significant predictors of plaque score. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest oral hygiene ability is decreased among long term care residents, that dexterity tests can help identify patients unable to perform adequate oral self-care, and that these tests could be used to estimate brushing ability among elderly compromised patients.