cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MapScholar: A Web Tool for Publishing Interactive Cartographic Collections

MapScholar is an open-source Web tool that encourages humanities researchers to gather, analyze, and share images of historical maps. It is designed to open access to map images, visualize maps as collections within rich geospatial contexts, and enhance traditional publishing by making it easy to produce interactive, high-resolution map displays. Despite its enormous potential, map history has always been limited by the challenges of reproducing dense images printed and drawn on fragile paper artifacts. MapScholar capitalizes on the increasing availability of digital images to foster breakthroughs in map analysis and interpretation. By enabling any scholar to create an interactive digital map collection that can be “published” to illustrate a book or article, this new digital humanities tool seeks to put maps at the center of the new spatial turn in the humanities.
Strongly stabilizing optimal periodic controllers

A LQ strong stabilization problem is proposed. For those systems where periodic control is warranted, techniques for designing optimal periodic strongly stabilizing controllers are presented. An example detailing the construction of an optimal periodic controller is provided.
Volatility Dispersion Trading

This papers studies an options trading strategy known as dispersion strategy to investigate the apparent risk premium for bearing correlation risk in the options market. Previous studies have attributed the proflts to dispersion trading to the correlation risk premium embedded in index options. The natural alternative hypothesis argues that the profltability results from option market ine‐ciency. Institutional changes in the options market in late 1999 and 2000 provide a natural experiment to distinguish between these hypotheses. This provides evidence supporting the market ine‐ciency hypothesis and against the risk-based hypothesis since a fundamental market risk premium should not change as the market structure changes.
Texture, composition and anatomy of spinach leaves in relation to nitrogen fertilization.

BACKGROUND: The postharvest quality and shelf life of spinach are greatly influenced by cultural practices. Reduced spinach shelf life is a common quandary in the Salinas Valley, California, where current agronomic practices depend on high nitrogen (N) rates. This study aimed to describe the postharvest fracture properties of spinach leaves in relation to N fertilization, leaf age and spinach cultivar. RESULTS: Force – displacement curves, generated by a puncture test, showed a negative correlation between N fertilization and the toughness, stiffness and strength of spinach leaves (P > 0.05). Younger leaves (leaves 12 and 16) from all N treatments were tougher than older leaves (leaves 6 and 8) (P > 0.05). Leaves from the 50 and 75 ppm total N treatments irrespective of spinach cultivar had higher fracture properties and nutritional quality than leaves from other N treatments (P > 0.05). Total alcohol-insoluble residues (AIR) and pectins were present at higher concentrations in low-N grown plants. These plants also had smaller cells and intercellular spaces than high-N grown leaves (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Observed changes in physicochemical and mechanical properties of spinach leaves due to excess nitrogen fertilization were significantly associated with greater postharvest leaf fragility and lower nutritional quality. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.
Ethics, Iconoclasm, and Qur'anic Art in Indonesia

My research in Indonesia was funded by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, the Social Science Research Council, and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research.
Next-generation sequencing of Coccidioides immitis isolated during cluster investigation.

Next-generation sequencing enables use of whole-genome sequence typing (WGST) as a viable and discriminatory tool for genotyping and molecular epidemiologic analysis. We used WGST to confi rm the linkage of a cluster of Coccidioides immitis isolates from 3 patients who received organ transplants from a single donor who later had positive test results for coccidioidomycosis. Isolates from the 3 patients were nearly genetically identical (a total of 3 singlenucleotide polymorphisms identifi ed among them), thereby demonstrating direct descent of the 3 isolates from an original isolate. We used WGST to demonstrate the genotypic relatedness of C. immitis isolates that were also epidemiologically linked. Thus, WGST offers unique benefi ts to public health for investigation of clusters considered to be linked to a single source.
Nanomolar Concentrations of Pregnenolone Sulfate Enhance Striatal Dopamine Overflow in Vivo

The balance between GABA-mediated inhibitory and glutamate-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission represents a fundamental mechanism for controlling nervous system function, and modulators that can alter this balance may participate in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Pregnenolone sulfate (PS) is a neuroactive steroid that can modulate the activity of ionotropic glutamate and GABAA receptors either positively or negatively, depending upon the particular receptor subtype, and modulates synaptic transmission in a variety of experimental systems. To evaluate the modulatory effect of PS in vivo, we infused PS into rat striatum for 20 min via a microdialysis probe while monitoring local extracellular dopamine (DA) levels. The results demonstrate that PS at low nanomolar concentrations significantly increases extracellular DA levels. The PS-induced increase in extracellular DA is antagonized by the N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, d-AP5 [d-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid], but not by the σ receptor antagonist, BD 1063 [1(-)[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine]. The results demonstrate that exogenous PS, at nanomolar concentrations, is able to increase DA overflow in the striatum through an NMDA receptor-mediated pathway.
Initial experience with intratherapeutics intrastent doublestrut LD stents in patients with congenital heart defects

Limitations of the currently available balloon-expandable stainless steel (BE-SS) stents for use in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) include inflexibility, significant shortening with expansion, sharp ends, and limited sizes. These limitations increase risk and greatly effect success of stent placement in these patients. The recently approved IntraStent DoubleStrut LD (IS-LD) stents are BE-SS stents designed to address such limitations. We report our initial experience with IS-LD stents in patients with CHD. Using standard techniques, 36 stents were implanted in 22 patients whose median age was 11 years (range, 1.4–35 years) and weight was 33 kg (range, 9–96.8 kg). Lesions stented included aortic coarctation (4), branch pulmonary arteries (19), inferior or superior vena cava (11), Mustard baffle (1), and Fontan baffle (1). All attempts at stent placement were successful. Hemodynamic assessment and angiography was performed pre- and poststent placement in all patients. Intravascular ultrasound was performed in four patients. Stenosis diameter increased from 5.7 ± 0.6 mm (mean ± SD) to 11.6 ± 0.5 mm (P 0.1). Complications included stent recoil (2), stent migration (1), and stent distortion (1). IS-LD stents are a safe and effective treatment for the majority of vascular stenoses in patients with CHD. Stent recoil at large diameters may limit its usefulness in selected lesions. Follow-up studies are required to determine the long-term performance of IS-LD stents. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:541–548. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Systems Approach to Viable RFID Implementation in the Supply Chain

This article presents a systems approach to RFID deployment in a supply chain from two perspectives: (1) RFID data-based decision-making at all levels of supply chain and (2) communications infrastructure necessary to provide seamless data and information flow. The main contribution of this article is highlighting the interconnection between these two perspectives and the fact that without tackling these issues simultaneously, no viable solution can be developed. Unlike typical articles in the literature, which solely highlight the potential advantages of RFID technologies, this article aims to provide an overview of the basic challenges of deploying RFID systems in supply networks. By providing visibility, effective RFID implementation in a supply chain can bridge the gap between the shop floor and higher level operations. Such a revolutionary concept changes the traditional “linear” structured supply chains into network-centric supply chains. Based on this concept, this article presents a wide range of RFID applications, ranging from shop floor control to inventory management, and discusses technical and research challenges.
Begging Behaviour and Nest Predation

This chapter reviews the literature on the effects of predation on the evolution of begging behaviour. I conclude that there is little evidence for the existence of a present-day predation cost of begging for calls emanating from the nest site in which the calls evolved. Begging calls can, however, incur a predation cost when they are played back from foreign nest sites (e.g. calls of tree-nesters played back from ground nests). This suggests that begging calls show the imprint of “the ghost of predation past”. This might also explain some of the interspecific diversity in the acoustic structure of begging calls. The lack of predation costs underscores the importance of theoretical investigations of low cost begging. I also assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to studying the costs of begging and argue that our understanding has been hampered by reliance on correlations and by a paucity of manipulative experiments.
A misfit tool: patients' (lack of) use of a structured decision aid

Motivation - Patients face a new and complex set of choices in determining whether to electronically share their medication information with care providers. Research approach - We designed and tested a scorecard-type decision aid that structured and presented the benefits and concerns of sharing medication information to patients. Findings/Design - Patients' sharing choices and level of understanding did not vary based on their access to the decision aid, and they often did not use the aid. Research limitations/Implications - We tested the decision aid with only neurology patients, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Originality/Value - Our study describes an instance where decisionmakers without high levels of understanding felt confident about their ability to make choices and therefore did not reference a readily available decision aid. Take away message - Decision aids, to be more useful and widely used, should be designed based on decision-makers' behavioral manner of decision-making instead of normative decision-making paradigms.
Clinical application of genetic testing for posterior uveal melanoma.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, and it has a strong potential to metastasize. Traditionally, clinicopathological features of these tumors were used to provide a limited prediction of the metastatic risk. However, early genetic studies using karyotype analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and comparative genetic hybridization of posterior uveal melanoma samples identified multiple chromosomal abnormalities associated with a higher risk of fatal metastasis. This correlation between specific genetic abnormalities in uveal melanoma and a patient’s risk for development of metastasis has recently been widely studied, and the development of new prognostic tests has allowed clinicians to predict this metastatic risk with increased accuracy. Such novel tests include gene expression profiling, which analyzes the RNA expression patterns of tumor cells, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, which detects deletions or and amplifications of DNA in tumor cells. This review discusses the current status of prognostic testing techniques available to clinicians and patients for posterior uveal melanomas.
Effect of acetylcholine infusion on adrenal vasculature and catecholamine secretion

To evaluate effects of cholinergic receptor stimulation on regional adrenal blood flow (Q, radiolabeled microspheres) and catecholamine secretion, acetylcholine (ACh) was infused into pentobarbital-anesthetized, ventilated dogs. Unilateral adrenal denervation and placement of lumboadrenal catheters preceded intra-aortic infusion of 1) ACh alone (n = 6), 2) ACh plus hexamethonium (Hex) 20 mg/kg (n = 6), or 3) ACh plus atropine (Atr) (0.5 mg/kg) and Hex. ACh alone and in combination with Hex elicited similar dose-related (2, 20, and 100 mumol/min) increases in catecholamine secretion (181 +/- 61 to 1,055 +/- 229, 31,644 +/- 9,411, and 179,181 +/- 69,659 ng.min-1 x g medulla-1), whereas Hex and Atr together inhibited ACh-induced secretion by 95%. ACh caused marked medullary vasodilation (0.71 +/- 0.05 to 0.14 +/- 0.03 mmHg.ml-1 x min.100 g) in all three groups. To determine whether medullary vasodilation was due to incomplete muscarinic blockade, Hex-pretreated animals (n = 4) received ACh (100 mumol/min) and three increasing doses of Atr (0.5, 5, and 25 mg/kg). Catecholamine secretion was inhibited by all doses of Atr; however, vasodilation was blocked only by the two higher doses of Atr. These data suggest possible different mechanisms of muscarinic receptor-mediated catecholamine secretion and vasodilation.
Structural Design for Fire Conditions: New Developments

This paper summarizes the technical bases for recent initiatives aimed at providing structural engineering alternatives to the traditional prescriptive approaches to fire safety assurance. As a case in point, Appendix 4 of the 2005 edition of the AISC Specification includes, for the first time, guidance in designing steel-framed building systems and components, including columns, floor and truss assemblies, for fire conditions. The criteria provide for the determination of heat input, thermal expansion, and degradation in strength and stiffness of materials at elevated temperatures that cause progressive decrease in strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures. The design of building components and system that allows designers to address fire-induced structural actions explicitly leads to more robust structural designs for fire conditions.
Inside and Outside Chinatown: Chinese Elites in Exclusion Era California

Chinese elites who were exempted from the Exclusion Act of 1882 became important figures in interethnic dialogue in the West. This article focuses on herbalists and missionaries, who were often able to cross boundaries of race, geography, and gender through their professions. In comparing the experiences of these elites in Los Angeles with their counterparts in San Francisco—the two cities in California with the highest Chinese populations by 1890—the authors demonstrate how a limited degree of inclusion was possible during a period of extreme discrimination and race hatred. The examination of photographs, newspaper articles and advertisements, memoirs, and other materials provides a way to understand the class dimensions of the Exclusion Act in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century California.
Regulation of viral and cellular RNA turnover in cells infected by eukaryotic viruses including HIV-1

The following reviews the role of mRNA stability in the regulation of both viral and cellular gene expression in virus-infected cells. Indeed, several eukaryotic viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1, regulate cellular protein synthesis via such control mechanisms. The following systems will be discussed: (i) the degradation of viral and cellular mRNAs in cells infected by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and advances made using the HSV virion host shutoff mutant; (ii) the degradation of viral and cellular mRNA and ribosomal RNA in cells infected by vaccinia virus and the possible role of the oligoadenylate synthetase-RNase L pathways; (iii) the turnover of RNAs in cells infected by encephalomyocarditis virus, reovirus, and La Crosse virus; and finally (iv) recent studies from our laboratory on the degradation of cellular mRNAs in cells infected by HIV-1.
The effects of reward magnitude on reward processing: An averaged and single trial event-related potential study

Abstract From a neurobiological and motivational perspective, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential (ERP) components should increase with reward magnitude (reward associated with valence (success/failure) feedback). To test this hypothesis, we recorded participants’ electroencephalograms while presenting them with potential monetary rewards ($0.00–$4.96) pre-trial for each trial of a reaction time task and presenting them with valence feedback post-trial. Averaged ERPs time-locked to valence feedback were extracted, and results revealed a valence by magnitude interaction for neural activity in the FRN/RewP time window. This interaction was driven by magnitude affecting RewP, but not FRN, amplitude. Moreover, single trial ERP analyses revealed a reliable correlation between magnitude and RewP, but not FRN, amplitude. Finally, P3b and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes were affected by magnitude. Results partly support the neurobiological (dopamine) account of the FRN/RewP and suggest motivation affects feedback processing, as indicated by multiple ERP components.
Information-traffic coupled cell transmission model for information spreading dynamics over vehicular ad hoc network on road segments

Abstract Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) makes real-time traffic information accessible to vehicles en routes, thus possesses a great potential to improve traffic safety and mobility in the near future. Existing literature shows that we are still lack of approaches to track information spreading dynamics via VANET, which will prevent the potential applications from success. Motivated by this view, this research develops an information-traffic coupled cell transmission model (IT-CTM) to capture information spreading dynamics via VANET. More exactly, this study considers information spreading over a road segment forms a wave with a front and tail, each of which goes through the road segment following an intermittent transmission pattern due to traffic flow dynamics. The approach of IT-CTM discretizes a road segment into a number of cells. Each cell covers several intermittent transmissions. Mathematical methods are developed to capture the inner-cell and inter-cell movements of information front and tail, which enable us to track the information spreading dynamics along cells. Numerical experiments based on simulation and field data indicate that the IT-CTM can closely track the dynamic movements of information front and tail as well as the dynamic information coverage as a single or multiple piece(s) of information propagating via VANET on a one-way or two-way road segment. The mean absolute error (MAE) for tracking dynamic information coverage is
PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR RAPID AORTIC GROWTH FOLLOWING ACUTE TYPE A AORTIC DISSECTION PATIENTS: A STUDY FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION

Background: Residual dissection after acute Type A aortic dissection (TAAAD) repair has an associated but not well defined risk for aneurysmal degeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential risk factors and outcomes associated with rapid aortic growth in the residually
Changes in cardiac index during labour analgesia: A double-blind randomised controlled trial of epidural versus combined spinal epidural analgesia - A preliminary study.

Background and Aims: Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) analgesia for labour and delivery is occasionally associated with foetal bradycardia. Decreases in cardiac index (CI) and/or uterine hypertonia are implicated as possible aetiological factors. No study has evaluated CI changes following combined spinal analgesia for labour and delivery. This prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial evaluates haemodynamic trends during CSE and epidural analgesia for labour. Methods: Twenty-six parturients at term requesting labour analgesia were randomised to receive either epidural (E) or CSE analgesia. The Electrical Cardiometry Monitor ICON® was used to continuously determine maternal CI non-invasively, heart rate (HR) and stroke volume at baseline and up to 60 min after initiation of either intrathecal or epidural analgesia. In addition, maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded. Results: Both SBP and DBP had a similar, significant decrease following initiation of either epidural or CSE analgesia. However, parturients in the CSE group (n = 10) demonstrated a significant decrease in HR and CI compared to the baseline measurements. On the other hand, the parturients in the E (n = 13) group showed no decreases in either maternal HR or CI. Foetal heart changes were observed in four patients following CSE and one patient following an epidural. Conclusion: Labour analgesia with CSE is associated with a significant decrease in HR and CI when compared to labour analgesia with epidural analgesia. Further studies are necessary to determine whether a decrease in CI diminishes placental blood flow.
The venturous bid for the independence of Catalonia

Following an ambiguous constitutional compromise for democratization, the territorial decentralization of the Spanish state developed by means of political party competition, exchanges, and bargaining. Hence, the so-called state of autonomies was characterized as “non-institutional federalism” [Colomer, Josep M. 1998. “The Spanish ‘State of Autonomies’: Non-institutional Federalism.” West European Politics 21 (4): 40–52]. In the most recent period, competition and instability have intensified. New developments include, on one side, attempts at recentralizating the state and, on the other side, demands and mobilizations for Catexit, that is, the independence of Catalonia from Spain, which resulted in sustained inter-territorial conflict. This article addresses these recent changes with a focus on the relations between the Spanish and the Catalan governments. The political changes were analyzed as a result of opportunities and incentives offered by a loose institutional framework and the subsequent competit...
The role of cloudlets in hostile environments

The convergence of mobile computing and cloud computing assumes that the cloud is easily accessible at all times. In other words, there is good end-to-end network quality and few network or cloud failures. Unfortunately, this assumption is untenable in several important contexts that we collectively refer to as hostile environments. The prime example of a hostile environment is a theater of military operations. Another example is a geographical region where recovery is under way after a natural disaster or terrorist attack. A third example is a developing country with weak networking infrastructure. More generally, even a well-connected region of the public Internet may become a hostile environment under conditions of cyber attack. In this talk I will explore how cloudlets, orginally motivated by narrow considerations of end-to-end latency, can play a much broader and more foundational role for mobile computing in hostile environments. We advocate a design strategy in which a cloudlet is completely transparent under normal conditions, giving mobile users the illusion that they are directly interacting with the cloud; under failure conditions, the cloudlet masks the absence of the cloud by performing its essential services.
Diversification in small firms: Does parental influence matter?

Diversification is a common goal for many small firms, yet research examining whether small firm ownership structure influences their use of the tactic is limited. As such, this paper provides one of the first empirical investigations of the subject by examining whether the presence of a corporate parent positively influences the likelihood that small firms will utilize diversification. Results indicate that small firms with corporate parents are more likely to use both related and unrelated diversification than comparable firms that are independently owned. Such findings are noteworthy because diversification may be more beneficial for small, independently owned firms, yet small, subsidiary firms appear to be better able to utilize diversification. Implications of these findings are discussed.
When Two Rights Make a Wrong: The Evolutionary Genetics of Plant Hybrid Incompatibilities.

Hybrids between flowering plant species often exhibit reduced fitness, including sterility and inviability. Such hybrid incompatibilities create barriers to genetic exchange that can promote reproductive isolation between diverging populations and, ultimately, speciation. Additionally, hybrid breakdown opens a window into hidden molecular and evolutionary processes occurring within species. Here, we review recent work on the mechanisms and origins of hybrid incompatibility in flowering plants, including both diverse genic interactions and chromosomal incompatibilities. Conflict and coevolution among and within plant genomes contributes to the evolution of some well-characterized genic incompatibilities, but duplication and drift also play important roles. Inversions, while contributing to speciation by suppressing recombination, rarely cause underdominant sterility. Translocations cause severe F1 sterility by disrupting meiosis in heterozygotes, making their fixation in outcrossing sister species a parado...
Has the management of pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland changed

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To examine the evolving changes in management of pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a large population database. METHODS Pediatric patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included from 1973 to 2014 based on a diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition codes: C07.9: parotid gland and 8430/3: mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Patients were included from ages 0 to 18 years. Patients were categorized into 5- or 6-year cohorts based on their year of diagnosis. Two-year and 5-year survival was calculated using actuarial or life-table analysis. RESULTS One hundred sixty-nine pediatric cases were identified. Eighty of the 169 cases (47.4%) were diagnosed from 2005 to 2014. The number of cases increased steadily across cohorts over time since 1995. Pediatric patients tended to be diagnosed in adolescence (mean age: 13.4 years, range: 3.0-18.0 years). Most patients received surgical management as a part of their case (95.3% of total cohort). The 5-year disease-specific survival was > 90% for each cohort. CONCLUSIONS The age-adjusted incidence rate of pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland remains low and is not greatly changing. This cancer is most likely diagnosed in adolescence affecting both male and female patients equally. Analysis of cases since 1973 revealed that most patients continue to receive surgical care. Survival for these pediatric patients continues to remain excellent. Healthcare providers should note these updates in pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland as effective diagnosis and management continues to lead to good survival outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 128:2408-2414, 2018.
Poor Relief and Welfare in Germany from the Reformation to World War I: From Fault to Risk: Changing Strategies of Assistance to the Jobless in Imperial Germany

Unquestionably, the greatest risk faced by the wage-earning classes was – and remains – to be without work. The threat of joblessness was a source of intense existential anxiety for the working classes, and both workers and their employers were acutely conscious of the disciplinary power that flowed from the power of dismissal. The history of assistance to the jobless in imperial Germany can best be understood in terms of the shift – slow, uneven, and ultimately only partial – from an individualist approach, which saw joblessness primarily as the result of sloth and regarded deterrence as the best means for promoting self-reliance and family responsibility, to a social approach to the problem. The social approach was based on the assumption that joblessness represented a risk inherent in the structure of the industrial labor market, and this new understanding of the problem made it possible to view the nation as a solidaristic community of wage laborers. It also pointed toward new social technologies that could be used to manage a risk that might randomly befall any individual member of this community: labor exchanges (i.e., employment offices) to diminish this risk and minimize its consequences, insurance programs to socialize that element of risk that could not be eliminated through such measures, and, at a chronological and theoretical distance, the management of aggregate demand for labor through what would later become Keynesian fiscal policy.
Can modern statistical parsers lead to better natural language understanding for education

We use state-of-the-art parsing technology to build GeoSynth --- a system that can automatically solve word problems in geometric constructions. Through our experiments we show that even though off-the-shelf parsers perform poorly on texts containing specialized vocabulary and long sentences, appropriate preprocessing of text before applying the parser and use of extensive domain knowledge while interpreting the parse tree can together help us circumvent parser errors and build robust domain specific natural language understanding modules useful for various educational applications.
Morphodynamics of a field of crescent-shaped rippled scour depressions: Northern Monterey Bay, CA

Abstract Despite the prevalence of rippled scour depression (RSD) on the world's continental shelves and their importance as nursery habitats for many commercially-important species, the processes responsible for their formation and geomorphic evolution are still not well understood. Most studies that focused on RSD evolution have been based on data acquired over multiple years to decades, and often during calmer summer months. Here, multiple geophysical seafloor mapping surveys of a field of RSD's off Santa Cruz, California, USA, were conducted over the course of two winters with distinctly different oceanographic forcing; these results were compared to time series oceanographic measurements made within the survey area, and put into the context of long-term trends from survey data collected during previous decades. Although the migration of these features across the seafloor occurs on decadal time scales, significant change was detected within a given year, depending on the wave climate and fluvial sediment input. RSDs shrank up to 16% or grew up to 28% in a span of a few months. Such change was predominantly the result of redistribution of fine-grained sediment input to the system by local rivers. Migration of the seafloor features appears to be the result of accumulation of fine-grained sediment at the boundary between the RSD and the surrounding fine-grained cap.
Interdependence and Reciprocity: Partnership Ethos at the University of Denver:

Research indicates that preparation programs featuring partnerships between universities and districts have a greater impact on career advancement of graduates than more conventional university-bas...
Viscometric Measurements for Blood and Blood Plasma

The instrumental requirements for measuring the rheological properties of blood and blood plasma will depend strongly on the purpose for which the measurements are made. Such purposes fall mainly into one of the following three categories: (1) to obtain clinically useful data to assist in diagnostic problems; (2) to obtain basic information on the physical properties of blood in order to evaluate the nature of substructures such as aggregates, micelles, etc.; (3) to obtain data adequate for the design of equipment such as heart-lung machines, heart booster pumps, blood dialysis units, heat transfer apparatus, etc.
O1 Web-Based Training Videos to Promote Changes in Policies, Systems and Environments for Nutrition Educators

Objective To increase nutrition educators’ ability to implement interventions related to changing policies, systems, and environments (PSEs) through web-based information. Use of Theory or Research This program is based on the socioecological model. Target Audience Nutrition educators who are working with PSE interventions. Course/Curriculum Description A website was developed to promote PSE interventions for SNAP-Ed and EFNEP professionals ( https://psechange.org ). The purpose of this website was to provide a centralized location for PSE training materials that included online videos and links to additional information. These videos provide information about PSE interventions based on where people eat, learn, live, play, shop and work—the framework used in the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework. The videos are short, have targeted information about implementation and evaluation, and highlight specific projects such as how to work with faith-based institutions, small food retail initiatives, and promoting change in food systems. Evaluation Methods The website training was created based on a Delphi study conducted with 33 nutrition education professionals from across the country. They identified the need for short videos that could provide quick, introductory information with additional identified resources. Anonymous surveys were collected from 112 nutrition education professionals who attended a workshop about PSEs that included information about the website videos. Results Survey respondents indicated that the website modules were informative, provided a good introduction to PSE interventions, and supplemental materials were helpful. Comments related primarily to how the videos contributed to increased accessibility. This included access to subject matter experts, ability to view targeted information based on their needs rather than having training that focused on broad topics, and videos under 15 minutes each so they could be viewed quickly by busy professionals. Conclusions Short, web-based videos can be a helpful training tool for nutrition educators. These videos were a useful method for introducing new information and ideas, as well as providing a resource for additional training. Funding NIFA.
Nisar L-band Digital Electronics Subsystem

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) L-band SAR instrument employs multiple digital channels to optimize resolution while keeping a large swath on a single pass. High-speed digitization with fine synchronization and digital beam forming are necessary in order to facilitate this new technique called SweepSAR. An architecture employing multiple FPGA based digital signal processors has been conceived to facilitate digital calibration on an individual channel basis as well as digital signal processing to optimize the receive signal. On-board processing and data compression has been implemented to reduce the volume of data in order to satisfy the operational requirements of near global coverage for the desired science targets. A novel command and timing architecture was developed to manage this complex system to meet the challenging project requirements. The NISAR L-band Digital Electronics Subsystem is the combination of the hardware, firmware and software components architected and implemented to operate this radar and return the desired quantity and quality of data for the science community.
DepDist: Surface realization via regex and learned dependency-distance tolerance

This paper describes a method of inflecting and linearizing a lemmatized dependency tree by: (1) determining a regular expression and substitution to describe each productive wordform rule; (2) learning the dependency distance tolerance for each head-dependent pair, resulting in an edge-weighted directed acyclic graph (DAG); and (3) topologically sorting the DAG into a surface realization based on edge weight. The method’s output for 11 languages across 18 treebanks is competitive with the other submissions to the Second Multilingual Surface Realization Shared Task (SR ‘19).
Decision-Making Process in Converting to an Open Approach

This chapter is dedicated to the decision-making process in converting to an open approach. The chapter introduces the need for conversion to open (standard) thyroidectomy for surgeons performing transoral thyroidectomy. The chapter evaluates the role of preoperative and intraoperative assessment in that decision-making process, using case series evidence from experts in the field. Finally, a section on expert opinion highlighting certain factors that may play a role in the need to convert will summarize the chapter. The goal of this chapter is to inform transoral thyroid surgeons of how conversion can play a role during an era of remote-access surgery and with the advent of the transoral vestibular approach and the importance of consenting patients on the possibility of conversion in order to prevent harm.
Emergency Department Wait Times in NYS Hospitals on Prevalence of Hospital-Acquired C. difficile Infection

Background C. difficile is the most common hospital-acquired infection, as it is resistant to many sterilization and disinfection measures and can persist in the environment for extended periods of time. Given the fast-paced, high-volume care environment of emergency departments (ED), higher levels of C. difficile contamination are often found in the ED, compared to other areas of the hospital. This study examined the relationship between average patient wait times in the ED before admission, and overall hospital-acquired C. difficile infection (HA-CDI) rates in New York State acute care hospitals. Methods A time series (2013-2015), fixed-effects regression analysis was conducted comparing each facility's annual average ED wait time for admitted patients, to that facility's average (HA-CDI) rates, limited to patients entering through the ED. This model controlled for known clinical and non-clinical predictors of HA-CDI: average length of stay; case mix index; total discharges, a measure of hospital size; and percent Medicare discharges, a proxy for advanced age. Results ED wait times had a significant and positive relationship with HA-CDI rates. Facilities experience an additional .003 cases of HA-CDI/1,000 patient discharges with every additional minute patients spend in that facility's emergency department (P Conclusions The relationship between ED wait times and eventual HA-CDI warrants further exploration. These findings suggest efforts to reduce ED wait times for admitted patients, or more rigorous environmental cleanliness strategies in the ED, as possible avenues for HA-CDI prevention.
TRENDS: A Red Flag for Participation: The Influence of Chinese Mainlandization on Political Behavior in Hong Kong:

This article assesses how contemporary forms of regional assimilation by centralizing states affect the political behavior of threatened social groups within peripheral polities. Recent mainlandiza...
Treating systemic issues in families affected by cystic fibrosis: A solution-focused approach.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) presents with various symptoms that impair day-to-day functioning and require lifelong treatment. Due to the chronic and severe nature of this disease, families are often impacted by the stress associated with treatment, complications of the disease, and the understanding that their loved one will one day die from CF. This article seeks to address a perceived gap in the literature for providing a model-specific approach to address psychosocial stress in families affected by CF. We provide a rationale for using solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) to work with this population based on its empirically supported effectiveness, versatility, and capacity to be brief in nature. We describe how SFBT interventions can be used by practitioners working with this population, present a fictitious case illustration depicting the clinical use of specific SFBT interventions, and offer suggestions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Optimization of Hydronic Heating Pavement Design Using Geothermal Hot Water in Western North Dakota

Hydronic heating pavement (HHP) is considered to be more sustainable and environmentally friendly for deicing. Using deep direct-use geothermal energy provides a more efficient heat source. In western North Dakota, several aquifers have been identified that provide geothermal hot water ranging from 34 ° to 140 °C within 2300 m below the ground surface. The current technique has made it feasible to utilize the hot water for power generation. The water temperature exiting the power plant is still up to 70 °C. This temperature enables valuable applications and cascading use for other purposes such as space heating, snow melting for transportation infrastructure, etc. This paper mainly focuses on studying the how the geothermal water can be used more efficiently for HHP using finite element analysis. Considering the high heat demand in western North Dakota due to extreme weather, the parametric studies were conducted based on reasonable water temperatures, pipe layouts, heating process, volumetric flow rates, and thermal conductivity of pavement. The optimization of the HHP design subjected to different weather conditions is discussed and conclusions drawn.
Gaming Disorder: News Media Framing of Video Game Addiction as a Mental Illness

In May 2019, the World Health Organization identified “gaming disorder” as a mental illness. The decision followed debate in which the video game industry, gamers, and researchers disagreed over wh...
Communication-Related Abilities and Upward Mobility: A Longitudinal Investigation.

This article reports the results from a four-year investigation of the relationships among four measures of social cognitive and communication abilities—cognitive differentiation, self-monitoring, perspective-taking, and persuasive ability—and the relationships of these measures to job level and upward mobility in a large East Coast insurance company. The data revealed significant relationships among all combinations of the communication-related abilities. Each was significantly related to job level, and three of the four were significantly related to upward mobility. Stepwise multiple-regression analyses revealed that, of the four communication-related abilities, cognitive differentiation accounted for the most variance in predicting job level and upward mobility. The findings suggest that communication abilities are important to the success of individuals in organizations. Persons with more developed abilities tended to be found at higher levels in the organizational hierarchy and tended lobe promoted more often than persons with less developed abilities.
Fruits of trauma? Posttraumatic growth among suicide-bereaved parents.

Abstract. Background: While there is evidence that suicide-bereaved individuals may be at higher risk for trauma-related outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder or prolonged grief, positive psychology suggests that suicide bereavement may also promote personal growth within the confines of distress characterized as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate PTG and what variables, such as reflective rumination, resilience, personality variables, and mood states, contribute to PTG among suicide-bereaved parents. Method: Online survey methods were employed using a convenience sample of 154 parents bereaved by the suicide death of their child within 2 years. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that resilience inversely predicted PTG scores, but reflective rumination did not predict PTG. PTG scores were in the low–moderate range and were lower than those of parents bereaved by other causes of death. Items endorsed most strongly corresponded to the PTG factors...
Diffraction-based femtosecond pulse shaping with a two-dimensional spatial light modulator

A new diffraction-based method is proposed and demonstrated for simultaneous shaping of both the phase and amplitude of femtosecond laser pulses by use of a phase-only two-dimensional spatial light modulator. The method suppresses certain types of temporal replica features ordinarily observed in femtosecond pulse shaping owing to imperfections in modulator devices and allows for multiplexed outputs suitable for use in various applications.
The red face: Drugs, chemicals, and other causes

Abstract Adverse reactions to drugs or chemicals limited to the face are often linked to contact dermatitis. Of four patients with typical findings, three had used vitamin E oil, and one used aloe vera juice on the face. 1 All four developed redness, stinging, and burning contact dermatitis of the face which resolved with difficulties. The 41-year-old man who treated himself with vitamin E oil following a dermabrasion for acne scarring was able to tolerate vitamin E oil again 2 years after recovering from the initial episode of contact dermatitis. This scenario indicates either the first episode was a primary irritant contact dermatitis, or the first episode was an allergic contact dermatitis to vitamin E oil and the patient subsequently lost the sensitivity. Undoubtedly, the exposure of the dermabraded skin to vitamin E influenced the outcome.
Non-linear shallow water theory

The equations controlling the three dimensional motion of a viscous, incompressible fluid in shallow water, are derived for use in any orthogonal coordinate system. Simplified equations for two dimensional motion are also developed. The equations are developed in terms of special coordinate dependent functions.
Effects of inelastic electron scattering on properties of high-temperature superconductors.

The inelastic electron scattering rate $\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{E}}(T)$ in the high-temperature oxide superconductors is probably much larger than ${k}_{B}\frac{{T}_{c}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$ near $T={T}_{c}$, and, therefore, will affect many properties, in contrast to low-${T}_{c}$ superconductors in which the rate is negligible. We show for example that the temperature dependence of $\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{E}}$ results in an upward curvature near ${T}_{c}$ in ${J}_{c}^{\frac{2}{3}}(T)$, where ${J}_{c}$ is the critical current density calculated in the framework of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer. Effects on the superconducting density of states are discussed.
Campoletis sonorensis [Hym.: Ichneumonidae] as a parasitoid ofSpodoptera frugiperda [Lep.: Noctuidae]: Host stage preference and functional response

The response of the parasitoidCampoletis sonorensis (Cameron) as a natural control agent of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was evaluated at 6 host densities and 2 temperature regime. A type-II functional response was exhibited by femaleC. sonorensis in response to varying densities of all armyworn larvae at both temperatures. Significantly more larvae were parasitized at 25°C for the host densities of 60 and 75, than for the same densities at 30°C. Third instar fall armyworm larvae were found to be the preferred stage for parasitization byC. sonorensis.
AIDS virus— vaccine prospects

15. Shinnick, T. M., J. G. Sutcliffe, N. Green and R. A. Lerner (1983). Synthetic peptide immunogens as vaccines. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 37:425-446. 16. Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. (1984). Molecular dissection of antigens with monoclonal antibodies, pp 43-82. Inn N. J. Stern and H. R. Gamble (eds.) Hybridoma technology in agricultural and veterinary research. Rowman & Allanheld, Totowa, NJ. 17. Van Regenmortel, M. H. V. (1986). Which structural features determine protein antigenicity? Trends Biochem. Sci. 11:36-39. 18. Westof, E., D. Aitschuh, D. Moras, A. C. Bloomer, A. Mondragon, A. Klug and M. H. V. Van Regenmortel (1984). Correlation between segmental mobility and the location of antigenic determinants in proteins. Nature 311:123-126.