cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Map-Enhanced UAV Image Sequence Registration and Synchronization of Multiple Image Sequences

Registering consecutive images from an airborne sensor into a mosaic is an essential tool for image analysts. Strictly local methods tend to accumulate errors, resulting in distortion. We propose here to use a reference image (such as a high resolution map image) to overcome this limitation. In our approach, we register a frame in an image sequence to the map using both frame-to-frame registration and frame-to-map registration iteratively. In frame-to-frame registration, a frame is registered to its previous frame. With its previous frame been registered to the map in the previous iteration, we can derive an estimated transformation from the frame to the map. In frame-to-map registration, we warp the frame to the map by this transformation to compensate for scale and rotation difference and then perform an area based matching using mutual information to find correspondences between this warped frame and the map. These correspondences together with the correspondences in previous frames could be regarded as correspondences between the partial local mosaic and the map. By registering the partial local mosaic to the map, we derive a transformation from the frame to the map. With this two-step registration, the errors between each consecutive frames are not accumulated. We then extend our approach to synchronize multiple image sequences by tracking moving objects in each image sequence, and aligning the frames based on the object's coordinates in the reference image.
Empowerment in Counseling

This article examines the use of empowerment as a central component of counseling and as a criterion for evaluating counseling interventions. Definitions of empowerment across several perspectives are discussed and a definition of empowerment in the context of counseling is proposed. Based on this definition, potentially empowering and disempowering aspects of counseling are presented. Measurement and research issues and recommendations related to empowerment are highlighted.
Representing, Manipulating and Reasoning with Geographic Semantics within a Knowledge Framework

This paper describes a programmatic framework for representing, manipulating and reasoning with geographic semantics. The framework enables automating tool selection for user defined geographic problem solving, and evaluating semantic change in knowledge discovery environments. Methods, data, and human experts (our resources) uses, inputs, outputs, and semantic changes are described using ontologies. These ontological descriptions are manipulated by an expert system to select resources to solve a user-defined problem. A semantic description of the problem is compared to the services that each entity can provide to construct a graph of potential solutions. An optimal (least cost) solution is extracted from these solutions, and displayed in real-time. The semantic change(s) resulting from the interaction of resources within the optimal solution are determined via expressions of transformation semantics represented within the Java Expert System Shell. This description represents the formation history of each new information product (e.g. a map or overlay) and can be stored, indexed and searched as required. Examples are presented to show (1) the construction and visualization of information products, (2) the reasoning capabilities of the system to find alternative ways to produce information products from a set of data methods and expertise, given certain constraints and (3) the representation of the ensuing semantic changes by which an information product is synthesized.
Thirty years of street preaching: Vincentian motor missions, 1934-1965

Known in the United States as the Vincentian Fathers, the Congregation of the Mission is a religious community founded during the early seventeenth century by the French priest Vincent de Paul for the purpose of revitalizing religious life in rural areas through the preaching of parish missions. Such missions began with a sermon on repentance that urged people to make a general confession of all their past sins. The priests continued with a protracted catechesis that lasted for several weeks to several months. In time, Vincent de Paul realized the futility of pumping new life into a parish only to leave it in the hands of an inept or lax pastor. So the Vincentians began establishing seminaries to educate and prepare good priests. Thus parish missions and the training of clergy became the two cardinal tasks of that community.
Studies of muscle development: VI. Identification of tropomyosin and troponin and quantitation of tropomyosin in embryonic and mature chick leg muscle

Abstract Tropomyosin was quantitated in embryonic and postembryonic chick leg muscle by a procedure involving acrylamide gel electrophoresis, with subsequent elution of tropomyosin from the gels, followed by adsorption on membrane filters and subsequent extraction and spectrophotometric determination of a dye-tropomyosin complex. Tropomyosin was present at low levels of 20 mg/100 g muscle at 11 days of incubation and increased to 360 mg/100 g muscle at 2 months of development. The accumulation data for tropomyosin parallel those of myosin throughout development. Chicken tropomyosin in the presence of unfractionated chicken troponin (troponin A and B) confers EGTA sensitivity to Mg 2+ -activated desensitized actomyosin. The presence of troponin B activity in the unfractionated preparation is evident since the troponin preparation in the absence of tropomyosin inhibits superprecipitation of Mg 2+ -activated desensitized actomyosin. In this respect chick tropomyosin and troponin are similar to the corresponding rabbit protein.
Contribution of hatchery-reared Walleyes to populations in Northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan.

AbstractThe effectiveness of stocking hatchery-reared Walleyes Sander vitreus to supplement native populations in large, open systems like the Great Lakes has not been thoroughly evaluated. I quantified recent contributions of stocked Walleye fingerlings to populations in Little Bay de Noc (LBDN) and Big Bay de Noc (BBDN) in northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Oxytetracycline-marked Walleye fingerlings were stocked in June, and late summer gill-net and night-time boat electrofishing surveys were used to index Walleye year-class abundance and collect juvenile Walleyes for hatchery mark evaluation. For the 2004–2009 year-classes, 76% of the age-0 to age-3 Walleyes examined from LBDN were of wild origin and 62% in BBDN were naturally reproduced fish. Survey catch rates of juvenile Walleyes were similar for stocked and nonstocked year-classes. Assessment catch rates of age-1 and age-2 Walleyes differed significantly by location, with average catch rates in LBDN often being ten times higher than those in BBDN. ...
Advances in angiography and their impact on endovascular therapy

Abstract Transvascular therapy has progressed rapidly due to improvements in imaging equipment and endovascular devices. Interventional fluoroscopic equipment and portable machines are able to produce high-resolution digital images in well-lighted procedure rooms. Catheters and guidewires are now available in a variety of shapes, diameters and lengths, allowing entry into distal, small, and tortuous vessels. This in turn permits targeted local therapy of tumors and bleeding sites, as well as endovascular treatment of diseased vessels.
PROBABILISTIC REMAINING CREEP LIFE ASSESSMENT FOR GAS TURBINE COMPONENTS UNDER VARYING OPERATING CONDITIONS

A procedure proposed in this paper is intended to facilitate better assessment of creep and fatigue life for gas turbine components under varying high temperatures and stresses. The remaining life of a component depends highly on its operating conditions, which can vary significantly with time and from engine to engine due to usage and ambient conditions. This creates two major problems when trying to capture these variations in a life assessment analysis: (1) an analysis of life with constant operating conditions is very time consuming and costly, (2) the variations themselves are difficult to predict. These problems limit the ability to do life assessments using deterministic methods, and, as a result, the prediction of usable life of a component tends to be much lower than it should be. In this paper, Design of Experiments is used in conjunction with the Response Surface Method in order to approximate the analysis. The combination of these methods provides a fast and relatively accurate way to create a physics-based model. This facilitates dealing with the first problem. The extrapolation of future operating conditions and damage accumulation addresses the second problem, because the probabilistic method makes possible an online, real-time life assessment based on the historical operating profile of the component. Thus, the final product can be more accurate than results from a traditional deterministic approach. In addition to studying varying operating conditions, variations in geometry and material properties are investigated as well. These variations are more significant in design or disposition, but they still can be important in assessing the service life. Specifically, creep is chosen to illustrate the methodology, because it is one of the major failure mechanisms for gas turbine components under high temperature and stress. It is expected that the method can be extended to assess fatigue-creep life.
Hydrodynamic Radius Fluctuations in Model DNA-Grafted Nanoparticles.

We utilize molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and the path-integration program ZENO to quantify hydrodynamic radius (Rh) fluctuations of spherical symmetric gold nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with single-stranded DNA chains (ssDNA). These results are relevant to understanding fluctuation-induced interactions among these NPs and macromolecules such as proteins. In particular, we explore the effect of varying the ssDNA-grafted NPs structural parameters, such as the chain length (L), chain persistence length (lp), NP core size (R), and the number of chains (N) attached to the nanoparticle core. We determine Rh fluctuations by calculating its standard deviation (σRh ) of an ensemble of ssDNA-grafted NPs configurations generated by MD. For the parameter space explored in this manuscript, σRh shows a peak value as a function of N, the amplitude of which depends on L, lp and R, while the broadness depends on R.
On the Influence of an Iterative Affect Annotation Approach on Inter-Observer and Self-Observer Reliability

Affect detection systems require reliable methods to annotate affective data. Typically, two or more observers independently annotate audio-visual affective data. This approach results in inter-observer reliabilities that can be categorized as fair (Cohen's kappas of approximately .40). In an alternative iterative approach, observers independently annotate small amounts of data, discuss their annotations, and annotate a different sample of data. After a pre-determined reliability threshold is reached, the observers independently annotate the remainder of the data. The effectiveness of the iterative approach was tested in an annotation study where pairs of observers annotated affective video data in nine annotate-discuss iterations. Self-annotations were previously collected on the same data. Mixed effects linear regression models indicated that inter-observer agreement increased (unstandardized coefficient B = .031) across iterations, with agreement in the final iteration reflecting a 64 percent improvement over the first iteration. Follow-up analyses indicated that the improvement was nonlinear in that most of the improvement occurred after the first three iterations ( B = .043), after which agreement plateaued ( B ≈ 0). There was no notable complementary improvement ( B ≈ 0) in self-observer agreement, which was considerably lower than observer-observer agreement. Strengths, limitations, and applications of the iterative affective annotation approach are discussed.
A NORMAL INHIBITOR OF THE BLOOD COAGULATION CONTACT REACTION PRODUCT.

A method is described for studying and measuring the activity of a normally occurring inhibitor of the blood coagulation contact reaction product (activated PTA). The inhibitor, stable on storage at -20 C. was inactivated by heating plasma to 56 C. for 30 minutes. The inhibitor was stable between pH 5 and 9. Inhibitory activity was increased by aluminum hydroxide adsorption and not apparently affected by celite exhaustion of plasma. The inhibitor was present in the fraction of plasma precipitated between 55 and 65 per cent ammonium sulphate saturation and migrated with the alpha globulins electrophoretically. The action of the inhibitor was prevented by soy bean trypsin inhibitor. Inhibitory activity was present in serum and in all normal plasma samples examined as well as in plasma from patients deficient in Hageman factor, PTA factor or factors VIII or IX. The physiologic and pathologic significance of this inhibitor remains to be determined.
SU-C-207A-06: On-Line Beam Range Verification with Multiple Scanning Particle Beams: Initial Feasibility Study with Simulations

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and requirement for intra-fraction on-line multiple scanning particle beam range verifications (BRVs) with in-situ PET imaging, which is beyond the current single-beam BRV with extra factors that will affect the BR measurement accuracy, such as beam diameter, separation between beams, and different image counts at different BRV positions. Methods: We simulated a 110-MeV proton beam with 5-mm diameter irradiating a uniform PMMA phantom by GATE simulation, which generated nuclear interaction-induced positrons. In this preliminary study, we simply duplicated these positrons and placed them next to the initial protons to approximately mimic the two spatially separated positron distributions produced by two beams parallel to each other but with different beam ranges. These positrons were then imaged by a PET (∼2-mm resolution, 10% sensitivity, 320×320×128 mm^3 FOV) with different acquisition times. We calculated the positron activity ranges (ARs) from reconstructed PET images and compared them with the corresponding ARs of original positron distributions. Results: Without further image data processing and correction, the preliminary study show the errors between the measured and original ARs varied from 0.2 mm to 2.3 mm as center-to-center separations and range differences were in the range of 8–12 mm and 2–8 mm respectively, indicating the accuracy of AR measurement strongly depends on the beam separations and range differences. In addition, it is feasible to achieve ≤ 1.0-mm accuracy for both beams with 1-min PET acquisition and 12 mm beam separation. Conclusion: This study shows that the overlap between the positron distributions from multiple scanning beams can significantly impact the accuracy of BRVs of distributed particle beams and need to be further addressed beyond the established method of single-beam BRV, but it also indicates the feasibility to achieve accurate on-line multi-beam BRV with further improved method.
The Real Johnson–Wilson cohomology of CP∞

Abstract We completely compute the Real Johnson–Wilson cohomology of CP ∞ . Applying techniques from equivariant stable homotopy theory to the Bockstein spectral sequence, we produce permanent cycles and solve extension problems to give an explicit description of the ring E R ( n ) ⁎ ( CP ∞ ) .
Virgin Anasazi Diet as Demonstrated Through the Analysis of Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes

ABSTRACTThe results of a stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis on the bone collagen from 17 individuals recovered from eight Virgin Anasazi sites in southern Utah are reported. The results indicate that the Virgin Anasazi Basketmaker (A.D. 1–700) were full-time maize agriculturalists and that the diet remained essentially stable into and throughout the Pueblo (A.D. 700–1250) period. This is contrary to the widely held view today that the Virgin Anasazi practiced a mixed subsistence economy throughout their occupation, with agricultural intensification occurring during later Puebloan times. Although wild plants and animals were consumed, they were not a significant source of annual calories.
A missing link in the bench-to-bedside paradigm: engaging regulatory stakeholders in clinical genomics research

For genomic medicine research to be fully translated into clinical care, it is critical for researchers to engage stakeholders who ultimately regulate the use of genomic technologies and therapeutics within healthcare practice. Herein, we describe an example of how this might work.
With or Without Langendorff: A New Method for Adult Myocyte Isolation to Be Tested With Time.

To study molecular and cellular mechanisms for normal cardiac function and cardiac pathology, high-quality isolated adult cardiomyocytes are essential. Isolated cardiomyocytes can be used directly for cellular function studies such as measuring myocyte contraction, cellular electrophysiology, calcium imaging, myofilament calcium sensitivity, cytoskeletal function, drug effects, and metabolism. Isolated myocytes can also be cultured for signaling studies with less contamination from nonmyocytes. In addition, the isolated cells are also essential for studying the morphology and structure of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the function of nonmyocytes including cardiac fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, infiltrated inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells in the heart is also an important topic in cardiac biology, and there is an increasing appreciation of the structure and function of these cells in cardiac pathology. Therefore, the development of techniques for heart cell isolation and harvest dates back to ≈40 years ago. In the current issue of Circulation Research , Ackers-Johnson et al1 describe a simple approach for the isolation and culture of adult mouse cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts without the traditional Langendorff perfusion system. Article, see p 909 Although techniques for isolation of adult ventricular myocytes from many species including rat,2 rabbit,3 and canine4 have been available for ≈40 years, there remains no clear consensus on the optimal protocol to isolate and culture viable adult cardiac myocytes. However, at their core, these protocols generally all rely on digestion of the heart with an enzymatic solution.5 All myocyte isolation techniques can be essentially categorized into either chunk (a small piece of tissue) digestion in an enzymatic solution or coronary artery perfusion with enzymatic solution. The chunk digestion technique basically allows the enzymes (collagenases supplemented with other proteases) to chew the extracellular matrix directly and dissociate cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes from small pieces (normally <1 mm in diameter) of cardiac …
Whole tumor RNA-sequencing and deconvolution reveal a clinically-prognostic PTEN/PI3K-regulated glioma transcriptional signature

// Yuan Pan 1 , Erin C. Bush 2 , Joseph A. Toonen 1 , Yu Ma 1 , Anne C. Solga 1 , Peter A. Sims 2 and David H. Gutmann 1 1 Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 2 Departments of Systems Biology and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Correspondence to: David H. Gutmann, email: gutmannd@wustl.edu Peter A. Sims, email: pas2182@cumc.columbia.edu Keywords: astrocytoma, neurofibromatosis, AKT, glioma stem cell, microglia Received: February 10, 2017 Accepted: March 30, 2017 Published: April 18, 2017 ABSTRACT The concept that solid tumors are maintained by a productive interplay between neoplastic and non-neoplastic elements has gained traction with the demonstration that stromal fibroblasts and immune system cells dictate cancer development and progression. While less studied, brain tumor (glioma) biology is likewise influenced by non-neoplastic immune system cells (macrophages and microglia) which interact with neoplastic glioma cells to create a unique physiological state (glioma ecosystem) distinct from that found in the normal tissue. To explore this neoplastic ground state, we leveraged several preclinical mouse models of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) optic glioma, a low-grade astrocytoma whose formation and maintenance requires productive interactions between non-neoplastic and neoplastic cells, and employed whole tumor RNA-sequencing and mathematical deconvolution strategies to characterize this low-grade glioma ecosystem as an aggregate of cellular and acellular elements. Using this approach, we demonstrate that optic gliomas generated by altering the germline Nf1 gene mutation, the glioma cell of origin, or the presence of co-existing genetic alterations represent molecularly-distinct tumors. However, these optic glioma tumors share a 25-gene core signature, not found in normal optic nerve, that is normalized by microglia inhibition (minocycline), but not conventional (carboplatin) or molecularly-targeted (rapamycin) chemotherapy. Lastly, we identify a genetic signature conferred by Pten reduction and corrected by PI3K inhibition. This signature predicts progression-free survival in patients with either low-grade or high-grade glioma. Collectively, these findings support the concept that gliomas are composite ecological systems whose biology and response to therapy may be best defined by examining the tumor as a whole.
Chapter 20 – Recombinant TRICOM-based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: Lessons Learned

This article reviews progress made in the design and development of recombinant poxviral-based vaccines that express transgenes for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and human T-cell co-stimulatory molecules (designated TRICOM). The TRICOM vaccine platform consists of priming with a recombinant vaccinia (rV-) vector and multiple boosts with a replication defective fowlpox (rF-) vector. The rV, rF-PSA-TRICOM (PROSTVAC) has demonstrated survival benefit in randomized trials. rV, rF-CEA-MUC1-TRICOM (PANVAC) has demonstrated evidence of benefit in patients with colorectal, breast and ovarian cancers. Preclinical studies with TRICOM-based vaccines have demonstrated their ability to be used in combination with anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, radiation, chemotherapeutics, and small molecule targeted therapies to enhance vaccine-mediated immune responses and antitumor activity. Randomized clinical studies have been completed, are ongoing, and are planned employing several of these TRICOM vaccine combination therapies. The importance of trial design in terms of patient population and clinical trial endpoint has been demonstrated in these studies.
Overview of Hedge Funds

Most major investment banks have large hedge funds housed within their Asset Management Division. These funds are managed principally for the benefit of investing clients although the bank and employees of the bank may also invest in the fund and are separate from the proprietary investing activities conducted within the Trading Division which invests solely for the account of the firm, without any outside client investments. Hedge funds target absolute returns, which are investment returns that theoretically do not depend on the performance of broad markets and the economy, unlike the returns associated with mutual funds. One of the historical claims made by hedge funds (which is a subject of dispute following large losses by many hedge funds during 2008) is that their returns are “uncorrelated” with market returns for traditional investments such as stocks and bonds. A lack of correlation is an attractive characteristic for investors who are attempting either to lower risk in their investment portfolio while keeping returns unchanged or to increase returns in their portfolio without increasing risk. Hedge funds have been exempt from some securities regulations in the United States and in many other countries based on the fact that they invite investment from only sophisticated institutional investors and high-net-worth investors. In addition, there are limitations in some cases on the total number of investors in a fund.
Abstract 17406: Three Dimensional Echocardiographic Wall Motion Tracking Assessment of Right Ventricular Remodeling and Effects on Left Ventricular Function as Prognostic Predictors in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: Progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) may cause right ventricular (RV) remodeling and variable effects on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function. The prognostic significan...
Using Income Effects to Market Undergraduate Education Abroad Participation in Higher Education.

ABSTRACTRelying heavily on case or regional studies, higher education institutions market the perceived global skills that students acquire from education abroad as a value-added commodity. As industries increase their global reach, understanding the labor market effects of education abroad from a national perspective is necessary and timely. This study isolates many factors known to influence education abroad using the 2008–2012 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study dataset (B&B: 08/12). Through a 2-level hierarchical linear regression analysis model, earning levels of graduates of undergraduate programs are analyzed, offering a national perspective. The findings revealed that students who participated in education abroad earned more money within the labor market, even during harsh recessionary times. While income differences observed between men and women existed in both samples, initial incomes during the first three years post-graduation demonstrated significantly higher wages for some students ...
Introduction to the Specific Aims Page of a Grant Proposal

Grant writing starts with crafting an effective specific aims page. This page should be a succinct combination of sales pitch and science. The specific aims page demonstrates a problem and a gap in current knowledge and suggests a solution. It proposes aims that work toward a defended solution and reveal the impact of the proposal on the problem, the field, and future research. The language must be efficient and persuasive; the presentation must drive a reviewer to support the proposal. Here we present a recipe for an effective specific aims page.
Combat, co-existence, and resource partitioning in acorn-dwelling Temnothorax ants

Coexisting populations of ecologically similar species may reduce competition by decreasing overlap in the resources they use, or by spatially or temporally partitioning shared resources. Temnothorax longispinosus and Temnothorax curvispinosus are morphologically similar acorn-nesting ant species that frequently co-occur in the leaf litter of deciduous forests of eastern North America. By conducting two detailed and complementary field surveys, we show that T. longispinosus and T. curvispinosus nest in a specialized subset of available acorns and that nests had a uniform pattern of spacing consistent with spatial displacement from competition. Colonies of both species were then subjected to laboratory preference tests, and interspecific and intraspecific competition experiments. The preference experiments demonstrated some level of differentiation in resource use among species within the specialized range of nest properties used by the ants in nature, potentially reducing competition during nest selection. Nevertheless, in both intraspecific competition experiments we found high mortality that increased when ants were initially in nests closer together. T. curvispinosus mortality also increased with the number of combatants, consistent with a battle of attrition between opposing sides. In contrast, T. longispinosus mortality decreased during battles as the number of combatants increased. In the interspecific battles, both T. curvispinosus and T. longispinosus sustained some mortality, but escalated battles did not occur. Broadly, this work demonstrates that direct competition over nesting sites is an important mechanism underlying the dispersion of Temnothorax nests and therefore the structuring of acorn-nesting Temnothorax assemblages.
Acquired factor X deficiency in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is rare and associated with advanced disease

Abstract Introduction Systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis can lead to an acquired coagulopathy secondary to acquired factor X (aFX) deficiency. However, it is not very clear who develops aFX deficiency in AL amyloidosis. Methods We therefore undertook this single centre, retrospective study to better characterize AL amyloidosis-associated aFX deficiency. Results Out of 121 AL patients who had FX testing at the time of their first evaluation at our institution, including 17 patients on warfarin at the time of testing, 10 out of 104 patients (9.6%) with systemic AL amyloidosis were found to have FX levels below 50%. Acquired FX deficiency was associated with advanced stage of AL amyloidosis and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Lower FX activity, advanced stage, and cardiac involvement by disease were associated with higher hazard of death on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, stage of AL amyloidosis was the only significant predictor of survival. Median survival time of patients with FX deficiency was 9.3 months compared to 118.4 months in those without. Conclusions We conclude that while aFX deficiency is rare in systemic AL amyloidosis, it is a marker of advanced disease.
BIBDs with κ = 6 and λ = 1

Balanced incomplete block designs, or BIBDs, have been studied for many years. In a famous 115 page paper Haim Hanani completely settled the existence question for BIBDs with block size less than 6. In the same paper he settled this question for block size 6 and λ > 1. However when the block size is 6 and λ = 1 the whole question becomes much more difficult. In the present paper we discuss the work that has been done on this. There are, at present, 55 values of υ for which the existence of such a design is in doubt. We will show how the remaining values of υ are handled.
Enzyme-bound Intermediates in the Biosynthesis of Mevalonic and Palmitic Acids

t’ion. Direct proof that mevalonic and fatty acid syntheses are accomplished by an avian enzyme system through enzyme-bound intermediates was provided in a preliminary communication from our laboratory (3). Direct proof of the formation of enzyme-bound intermediates in fatty acid biosynthesis by an enzyme preparation of Escherichia coli was provided earlier in reports of the isolation of acetoacetyl-enzyme (4) and its conversion to butyryl-enzyme (5) and long chain fatty acids (4), and a report of the conversion of butyryl-enzyme to caproylenzyme (5). Earlier work by Lynen (6) also established that acetoacetyl-enzyme is formed by a particulate yeast enzyme system partially purified for the synthesis of fatty acids. The recent preliminary communication from our laboratory (3) provided the first direct evidence that the formation of malonyl-enzyme is the initial step in the synthesis of mevalonic and fatt,y acids by a pigeon liver enzyme system. Dat.a were presented to show that radioactivity of malonyl-enzyme was incorporated into @-hydroxy-P-methylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as into long chain fatty acids. In the present report this information is amplified and extended to include the synthesis of acetoacetyl-enzyme, butyryl-enzyme, and &ketohesanoylenzyme from malonyl-enzyme. Data are also presented to show the formation of acetyl-enzyme and butyryl-enzyme, and the synthesis of fatty acids from each of these compounds. The possibility that a long chain polyketo compound might be formed as an intermediate has also been investigated. No evidence was obtained to support, this proposal.
The U.S. Medicare Disproportionate Share Hospital program and capacity planning

Abstract U.S. Medicare's Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH) program provides financial assistance to hospitals that serve low-income populations. Statutory formulas determine the DSH payments made to hospitals; however, the formulas applied to “large” urban hospitals (at least 100 beds) are more generous than those used for “small” urban hospitals (less than 100 beds). The purpose of this study is to determine if the DSH program's 100-bed threshold influences bed capacity planning. We find that the threshold drives a significant discontinuity in the distribution of urban hospital bed capacities, with hospitals tending to maintain just enough beds to qualify for higher DSH payments. The magnitude of the discontinuity is greatest in hospitals with strong incentives to manage bed capacity; and, compared to government and not-for-profit hospitals, for-profit hospitals are more likely to manage capacity to meet the 100-bed threshold. Our findings highlight the potential for regulatory institutions to have unintended influence on capacity planning decisions.
LED Display Technologies

Although LCD modulates the light from a backlight, LED displays permit light to be emitted only where it is necessary. There are two categories of LED display technologies, including Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) and inorganic Light Emitting Diode (iLED) displays. Although the manufacturing constraints for displays formed from each of these technologies differ significantly, many of the general electrical and light emission characteristics are similar. As we have already discussed many of the general performance characteristics of iLEDs in Chap. 3 when we were discussing lighting, this chapter focuses on OLED displays. However, the use of iLEDs to form displays are discussed. Interestingly each of these technologies suffer significant manufacturing challenges which must be addressed if they are to replace LCDs across the entire display market. We will also see that the manufacturing challenges associated with large format OLEDs has led to the development of multi-primary OLEDs to permit this technology to compete in the large screen television market.
A Coordinated Protection Strategy for Wind Integration

High penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power grid may introduce more fault scenarios due to the RES characteristics of uncertainty and variability. Based on relay protection and the coordination of relays, this paper developed a relay-based protection strategy to protect a wind turbine generation (WTG) system from short circuit scenarios. The strategy has two hierarchical level protection (zone-level and system-level) and three zones of primary protection (transformer, bus, and feeder zone). For the zone-level, the assigned relays and circuit breakers (CBs) protect each zone from the faults. For the system-level, the relays coordinate with each other to isolate faults based on their location and follow a defined coordination interval between CB trips. A novel testbed with the Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is also developed to test the protection strategy in one system of POWER Engineers, Inc. Relay low-level interface was utilized with HIL simulation to minimize the error from the simulation. Simulation results demonstrated that the algorithm met the testing specifications.
An Interaction Framework for Studying Co-Creative AI.

Machine learning has been applied to a number of creative, design-oriented tasks. However, it remains unclear how to best empower human users with these machine learning approaches, particularly those users without technical expertise. In this paper we propose a general framework for turn-based interaction between human users and AI agents designed to support human creativity, called {co-creative systems}. The framework can be used to better understand the space of possible designs of co-creative systems and reveal future research directions. We demonstrate how to apply this framework in conjunction with a pair of recent human subject studies, comparing between the four human-AI systems employed in these studies and generating hypotheses towards future studies.
Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β)–induced up-regulation of TGF-β receptors at the cell surface amplifies the TGF-β response

Functional activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors (TGFBRs) is carefully regulated through integration of post-translational modifications, spatial regulation at the cellular level, and TGFBR availability at the cell surface. Although the bulk of TGFBRs resides inside the cells, AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT) activation in response to insulin or other growth factors rapidly induces transport of TGFBRs to the cell surface, thereby increasing the cell's responsiveness to TGF-β. We now demonstrate that TGF-β itself induces a rapid translocation of its own receptors to the cell surface and thus amplifies its own response. This mechanism of response amplification, which hitherto has not been reported for other cell-surface receptors, depended on AKT activation and TGF-β type I receptor kinase. In addition to an increase in cell-surface TGFBR levels, TGF-β treatment promoted TGFBR internalization, suggesting an overall amplification of TGFBR cycling. The TGF-β-induced increase in receptor presentation at the cell surface amplified TGF-β-induced SMAD family member (SMAD) activation and gene expression. Furthermore, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), which also induces AKT activation, increased TGFBR levels at the cell surface, leading to enhanced autocrine activation of TGF-β-responsive SMADs and gene expression, providing context for the activation of TGF-β signaling in response to BMP during development. In summary, our results indicate that TGF-β- and BMP-induced activation of low levels of cell surface-associated TGFBRs rapidly mobilizes additional TGFBRs from intracellular stores to the cell surface, increasing the abundance of cell-surface TGFBRs and cells' responsiveness to TGF-β signaling.
Does the Bennett Hypothesis Hold in Professional Education? An Empirical Analysis

Policymakers have been debating the Bennett Hypothesis—whether colleges increase tuition after the federal government increases access to student loans—for decades. Yet most of the prior research has focused on studying small changes to loan limits or Pell Grants for undergraduate students. In this study, I examine whether business schools (the most popular master’s program) and medical schools (one of the most-indebted programs) responded to a large increase in federal student loan limits in 2006 following the creation of the Grad PLUS program by raising tuition or living expenses as well as examining whether student debt burdens also increased. Using two quasi-experimental estimation strategies and program-level data from 2001 to 2016, I find little consistent evidence to support the Bennett Hypothesis in either medical or business schools.
The Security Plan: Effectively Teaching How to Write One

Abstract : The United States government requires all federal systems to have a customized security plan. In addition, the National Training Standard for Information Systems Security (INFOSEC) Professionals requires programs that meet this standard to produce students capable of developing a security plan. The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) teaches courses that comply with several CNSS standards, and therefore requires students to develop a security plan for a hypothetical scenario. Experience in these courses has shown that the same strategies for teaching high school students how to write a research report can successfully be used to teach university students how to write a security plan that is compliant wit NIST guidelines.
Image of pseudo-representations and coefficients of modular forms modulo p

Abstract We describe the image of general families of two-dimensional representations over compact semi-local rings. Applying this description to the family carried by the universal Hecke algebra acting on the space of modular forms of level N modulo a prime p, we prove new results about the coefficients of modular forms mod p. If f = ∑ n = 0 ∞ a n q n is such a form, for which we can assume without loss of generality that a n = 0 if ( n , N p ) > 1 , calling δ ( f ) the density of the set of primes l such that a l ≠ 0 , we prove that δ ( f ) > 0 provided that f is not zero (and if p = 2 , not a multiple of Δ). More importantly, we prove, when p > 2 , a uniform version of this result, namely that there exists a constant c > 0 depending only on N and p such that δ ( f ) > c for all forms f except for those in an explicit subspace of infinite codimension of the space of all modular forms mod p of level N. Forms in this subspace, called special modular forms mod p, are proved to be closely related to certain classes of modular forms mod p previously studied by the author, Nicolas and Serre, called cyclotomic and CM modular forms mod p.
Performance Management Goldilocks Style: A Transaction Cost Analysis of Incentive Intensity in Performance Regimes

This article advances a framework for identifying the likely implications of incentive intensity and associated transaction costs when employing performance management systems in the public sector....
Embedding communications into radar emissions by transmit waveform diversity

The challenge posed by the ever-increasing RF spectrum demand for communication applications is in part met with radar and communication spectrum sharing by codesign of dual-function systems. Co-design of joint radar/communication systems requires the use of some form of waveform diversity via exploitation of the available time, frequency, coding, spatial, or polarization degrees-of-freedom. In this chapter, we have focused on methods for coding, spatial, and spectral forms of waveform diversity, presenting particular dual-function design strategies for each along with practical implementation issues.
Personality and Demographic Characteristics Influence on Consumers’ Social Commerce Preference

With the rapid growth in the number of people using social networking sites, businesses are attempting to engage their customers by establishing social commerce websites, which provide customers wi...
Association between amount of dopamine and infections in extremely preterm infants

This study aimed to assess the effect of dopamine on the development of infections after birth in extremely preterm infants. We retrospectively identified 258 extremely preterm infants (born at < 28 gestational weeks) between July 2009 and December 2018 in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We extracted data on potential risk factors for infection, total amount of dopamine, and infection history during NICU stay for each infant. We compared the infection group with the non-infection group, and used the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to identify risk factors for infection during NICU stay. After adjustment for all potential risk factors, factors that significantly affected development of infection were gestational age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.89; p = 0.004) and total amount of dopamine (HR, 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.07; p = 0.002). The receiver operating characteristic curve of total amount of dopamine for infection suggested that total amount of dopamine greater than 7.271 mg/kg predicted infection development with 80.4% sensitivity and 41.7% specificity.Conclusion: A large amount of dopamine can increase infections in extremely preterm infants. We should avoid using a large amount of dopamine and remain aware of the potential development of infections in extremely preterm infants. What is Known: • Inotropes are often used for extremely preterm infants and dopamine is the most commonly used inotrope. • However, it is suggested that dopamine affects the immune system and related infections. What is New: • This is the first study of the association between the amount of dopamine and infection in extremely preterm infants. • We should avoid using a large amount of dopamine in extremely preterm infants.
Mining the Gap: Analysis of Early Mathematics Instructional Quality in Pre-Kindergarten Classrooms

A total of 54 videotaped mathematics activity observations drawn from 27 different pre-kindergarten classrooms in an urban public schools system in the U.S. were coded using 2 observational measure...
Evidence for Drag Coefficient Modeling Errors near and Above the Oxygen-to-Helium Transition

The ability to model atmospheric drag is critical for precise satellite orbit prediction below 1000 km altitudes. Uncertainty in atmospheric drag comes primarily from estimates of the atmospheric m...
Shared P53 gene mutation and gene expression in concurrent small cell and acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

5288 Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men in the United States. Adenocarcinoma comprises the majority of prostate cancers, although other unusual subtypes exist. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate, which often occurs in the context of late-stage acinar adenocarcinoma, has been proposed to arise either from a common stem cell or from a clonal evolution of pre-existent carcinoma, although molecular evidence is lacking. Methods: A highly unusual case of prostate cancer containing adjacent elements of acinar adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma was examined at our institution. Acinar adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma elements were separated via Laser Capture Microdissection. Each component was examined for P53 gene sequence mutations and gene expression profiles. Confirmation of gene expression analysis was performed by immunolabeling analysis. Results: Sequencing of the P53 gene revealed a shared missense mutation of a hotspot within the DNA binding domain, indicating a common clonal origin for both small cell carcinoma and acinar adenocarcinoma in this case. To examine the shared nature of gene expression within these two clonally-related populations, gene expression analysis was performed, which revealed markedly different gene expression profiles. The small cell carcinoma component demonstrated an upregulation of 57 genes in comparison to the acinar adenocarcinoma. Upregulation of the neuroendocrine markers chromogranin-C (SCG2) and chromogranin-A (CHGA) was present in the small cell component, which serves, therefore, as an internal validation of our gene analysis. Additional upregulated genes included secreted growth factors (BMP7, FGF12, DLL3), intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors (MYC, RAB6A), inflammatory mediators (IL1RL1LG, NOS2A), and treatment-resistance molecules (SCG2, ALDH1A1). Downregulation of 42 gene tags in the small cell carcinoma component was identified, including cell adhesion molecules (L1CAM, MMP7, CLDN10), drug-treatment related molecules (CYP1B1, MGST1, CASP10), and growth factors (OPN, sFRP4, FGF18). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of shared P53 mutations between different subtypes of prostate cancer, suggesting a clonal evolution between acinar adenocarcioma and small cell carcinoma in this organ. The extent of divergent gene expression obtained in this study may reflect underlying genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in the progression of a carcinoma to a more highly malignant phenotype. Further validation of these findings in a larger collection of prostate cancer specimens is necessary to determine the utility of these differential genetic changes in the progression of prostate cancer and the development of the neuroendocrine phenotype.
Effects of dietary gossypol in cottonseed meal on aspects of semen quality and sperm production in young braham bulls

Young reproductively normal Brahman bulls were fed either a cottonseed meal supplement giving 8.2g free gossypol/day (n=4) or a soybean meal supplement (n=4) for 11 weeks to study effects upon semen characteristics and sperm production. Semen was collected weekly by electro-ejaculation and assessed for sperm motility and morphology (employing both brightfield and DIC microscopy). At trial completion, bulls were sacrificed and sperm production rates were estimated. Sperm motility differed between groups over the last 3 weeks of the trial. Normal sperm were less in treated bulls from week 5, with midpiece abnormalities differing from week 3. Treated bulls had lower sperm production rates at trial completion.