cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
11C-LY2428703, a positron emission tomographic radioligand for the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, is unsuitable for imaging in monkey and human brains.

Background A recent study from our laboratory demonstrated that 11C-LY2428703, a new positron emission tomographic radioligand for metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), has promising in vitro properties and excellent in vivo performance for imaging rat brain. The present study evaluated 11C-LY2428703 for imaging mGluR1 in monkey and human brains.
A proposed interpretation of infra-red spectral changes occurring upon the interaction of polynucleotides.

IT has been found that the sodium salts of polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids interact1–4 with formation of a two-stranded helix1 with a structure very similar to deoxyribonucleic acid. More recently it was observed that the infra-red spectrum5 of the mixture of these two acids showed the following marked changes from the summation of the curves of the components : a 39 per cent reduction in intensity of the 1,627 cm.−1 band and a 7 cm.−1 shift to higher frequency ; a decrease in peak height (because of strong overlap the band was not integrated) and an 11 cm.−1 shift to higher frequency of the 1,661 cm.−1 band. The interaction of the sodium salts of polycytidylic and polyinosinic acids6 has now been observed in the infra-red7 with the following result : a marked decrease in intensity of the 1,651 cm.−1 peak of the sodium salt of polycytidylic acid (the intensities have not yet been put on a quantitative basis) and a 19 cm.−1 shift to higher frequency of the 1,678 cm.−1 peak of the sodium salt of polyinosinic acid.
Variability in seed oil composition of 43Linum species

Analyses of the seed oil of 43Linum species showed great variability in fatty acid composition. The species can be grouped in two broad categories on the basis of seed oil composition: 1) Those with high linolenic, low linoleic and low oleic acid content, and 2) Those with high linoleic, low linolenic and low oleic acid content. A positive correlation was observed between iodine value and linolenic acid content, and a negative correlation between linolenic and linoleic acid content. There was no correlation between fatty acid composition and chronosome number.
p-i-n diode attenuator with small phase shift

A computer-aided design technique for minimizing spurious phase shift in microstrip p-i-n diode attenuators is presented. At 9 GHz, a spurious phase shift of 0.17 degrees /dB attenuation has been realized at 15-dB attenuation. This is better than the previous reported value (H. Imai, 1974) of 1 degrees /dB attenuation at comparable operating frequencies and attenuations. The diode mounting location and the DC blocking chip capacitors on microstrip are important, among other parameters, to minimize the spurious phase shift. >
Molecular-beam epitaxy growth of device-compatible GaAs on silicon substrates with thin (∼80 nm) Si1-x Gex step-graded buffer layers for high- κ III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor applications

The authors report the fabrication of TaN–HfO2–GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors on silicon substrates. GaAs was grown by migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) on Si substrates using an ∼80-nm-thick Si1−xGex step-graded buffer layer, which was grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. The MEE growth temperatures for GaAs were 375 and 400°C, with GaAs layer thicknesses of 15 and 30nm. We observed an optimal MEE growth condition at 400°C using a 30nm GaAs layer. Growth temperatures in excess of 400°C resulted in semiconductor surfaces rougher than 1nm rms, which were unsuitable for the subsequent deposition of a 6.5-nm-thick HfO2 gate dielectric. A minimum GaAs thickness of 30nm was necessary to obtain reasonable capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics from the GaAs layers grown on Si substrates. To improve the interface properties between HfO2 and GaAs, a thin 1.5nm Ge interfacial layer was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy in situ after the GaAs growth. The Ge-passivated GaAs samples were th...
Effects of Topography and Potential Vorticity Forcing on Solitary Rossby Waves in Zonally Varying Flow

A theory is developed that describes the effects of topography and potential vorticity (PV) forcing on the dynamics of solitary Rossby waves (SRWs) in zonally varying background flow. The cornerstone of the theory is the background flow, which is systematically derived rather than simply being specified as in previous theories. The evolution of the disturbance field is governed by a forced, variable coefficient Korteweg-deVries equation, which possesses SRW, low-frequency wave packet, and multiple equilibrium solutions. Although we refer to the zonally varying portion of the background flow as the stationary wave, it could just as easily be referred to as the zonally varying jet or some other feature indicating zonal variations in the background flow. The phrase “stationary” does not mean that the wave is independent of time, only that it is nonpropagating. The topography and PV forcing structures affect the evolution of the disturbance in fundamentally different ways. For example, if the topography is me...
Dosing considerations for oral acyclovir following neonatal herpes disease

Herpes simplex virus lesions recur in 8-30% of infants who receive a course of parenteral antiviral therapy for an initial infection. Long-term acyclovir is used by some clinicians to prevent recurrent Herpes simplex disease. We describe nine infants who were treated with doses of oral acyclovir which were chosen to achieve 2-h post-plasma concentrations of > or = 2 micrograms/ml. Eight infants had Herpes simplex encephalitis and one had multiple recurrences of dermal and ocular disease. The target plasma concentration was chosen in order to attain acyclovir cerebrospinal fluid distribution ( or = 2 micrograms/ml may be achieved with average oral doses of 1340 mg/m2/dose (1000-1740 mg/m2/dose) given at 12-h intervals.
Isostatic processes in media of variable viscosity I. Cartesian Geometry

Abstract The process of isostatic adjustment is solved as a free boundary situation in a slab of fluid with viscosity dependent on depth. Two cases are solved: (1) viscosity a linear function of depth; (2) viscosity an exponential of depth. In the latter, all inertia terms in the equations of motion are neglected. In the former, only the nonlinear convective terms are omitted. The model permits a close approximation to mantle viscosities revealed by seismic data.
Chirality and surface twist of DNA wrapped on protein surfaces.

The surface twist, STw, is a measure of the component of duplex twist associated with the trajectory of the DNA axis wrapped on a protein surface. We calculate STw for various surfaces of revolution, including the cylinder and truncated paraboloid, ellipsoid, and hyperboloid of revolution. We show that the sign of STw cannot be stated unequivocally from knowledge of the chirality of the wrapping but depends also upon the nature of the wrapping (protein) surface. We define and discuss three geometric classes. Class (1) includes the cylinder, certain types of convex paraboloids, all concave paraboloids, the prolate ellipsoid, and the hyperboloid; here STw > 0 for right-handed wrapping and STw 0 for left-handed wrapping.
Destruction of pesticides and their formulations in water using short wavelength UV light.

The presence of toxic materials in surface and ground water is a problem of growing significance. Increasingly, toxic anthropogenic chemicals are being detected in water supplies resulting in public concern and regulatory restrictions. Clearly, there is a need to develop methods to decontaminate not only drinking water supplies, but also the sources of contamination. Decontamination of water poses economic and logistical challenges since the pollutants are usually present in low concentrations and distributed over a wide area. A number of strategies have been proposed and tested to destroy toxic materials in water. In this study, the authors examined the effectiveness of a photoreactor equipped with a high pressure mercury vapor lamp for the destruction of three pesticides and the inert ingredient m-xylene in water. Captan, chlordane, PCNB, and m-xylene in aqueous solutions were selected as model compounds for this study based on their use, resistance to UV degradation, and potential presence in formulated pesticide materials. The factors that influence the performance of the system were investigated.
Carbon isotope effect on the enzymatic decarboxylation of pyruvic acid

Abstract The decarboxylation of pyruvic acid by the thiamine pyrophosphate dependent pyruvate decarboxylase from brewer's yeast is accompanied by a carboxyl carbon isotope effect k 12 k 13 = 1.0083±0.0003 at 25°, pH 6.8. The small size of the isotope effect indicates that decarboxylation is not rate-determining in the overall reaction. The rate constant for decarboxylation of the enzyme-bound pyruvate-thiamine pyrophosphate complex is greater by about a factor of five than the rate constant for dissociation of this complex to form free pyruvate and the enzyme-thiamine pyrophosphate complex.
Universal Grammar and second language acquisition: The null hypothesis

The target article advanced the null, unified and widely misinterpreted generative hypothesis regarding second language (L2) acquisition. Postulating that UG (Universal Grammar) constrains L2 knowledge growth does not entail identical developmental trajectories for L2 and first language (LI) acquisition; nor does it preclude a role for the L1. In embracing this hypothesis, we maintain a distinction between competence and performance. Those who conflate the two repeat fundamental and by no means unprecedented misconstruals of the generative enterprise, and more specifically, of the empirical content of the null hypothesis regarding L2 linguistic knowledge growth. We hope to have identified certain common goals, the adoption of which might constitute a firm foundation for continued productive interdisciplinary development of contemporary theoretical and experimental L2 acquisition research.
Specifying programming language semantics: a tutorial and critique of a paper by Hoare and Lauer

Hoare and Lauer [1974] have advocated using a variety of styles of programming language definitions to fit the variety of users from implementers to program verifiers. They consider the question of whether different definitions and specifications determine the same language by showing that the definitions are what they call "consistent". However, their treatment skirts the question of whether their definitions can each be taken to specify the language adequately. Although, as we will show, any one of the kinds of semantics they discuss -- operational, relational, deductive -- can be used to specify meaning uniquely, Hoare and Lauer do not make the case in their paper. In fact, both their relational and deductive definitions are satisfied by several different semantics, only one of which is desired.Thus, the main point of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of a proper specification of language semantics and to formulate alternative specifications each of which is equally good as the language definition. We basically agree with Hoare and Lauer that several specifications can and should be given, but are disturbed by confusions about such specifications, some of which are illustrated in their paper. In particular we refer to confusions between the mathematical object which is designated to be the meaning of a program and methods for specifying that object; the similar confusion between predicate and expression; between consistency and equivalence of two definitions; between completeness of a theory and its having a unique model. While these issues are familiar in mathematical logic, we take this opportunity to survey them in the context of programming language semantics.This paper can be read without prior familiarity with Hoare and Lauer's paper. The authors plan another paper extending this work which will include a more comprehensive bibliography.
Rheological properties and microstructure of dephosphorylated whole casein rennet gels

Abstract The formation of rennet gels made with native or dephosphorylated (40 and 93%) whole CN was monitored using a dynamic oscillatory shear spectrometer with a Couette geometry sample holder. Casein solutions were prepared with different Ca 2+ :CN ratios and treated with rennet prior to loading into the sample holder. Gels formed when all the individual CN had either all or none of their phosphate groups, but only weak localized gels formed when the CN were at multiple levels of dephosphorylation. The rheological properties of gels with the highest storage (elastic) and loss (viscous) moduli 1h after gel formation were compared [Ca 2+ :CN ratios of .6 (native) or .3 (dephosphorylated)]. Rennet gels of maximally (93%) dephosphorylated CN had similar coagulation times and gel strengths, had lower tan δ (the viscous modulus divided by elastic modulus), and formed at lower Ca 2+ :CN ratios over a narrower range than did native CN. Partially (40%) dephosphorylated CN rennet gels were similar to maximally dephosphorylated casein gels in tan δ and Ca 2+ :CN ratios of formation but, compared with both native and maximally dephosphorylated CN gels, were much weaker and had much longer coagulation times. Electron microscopy showed that native CN micelles had fused together to form smooth columns but that the dephosphorylated CN had formed smaller discrete aggregates that clustered together to form a more compact matrix.
Effects of interleukin-1α on arachidonic acid metabolism in human osteosarcoma osteoblastic cells

Abstract The effects of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism were studied in the human osteosarcoma cell lines, G292 and SaOS-2. The cells were prelabeled with 3 H-arachidonic acid. Radiolabeled metabolites were measured by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with a radioactive detector. Indomethacin inhibited prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production without affecting lipoxygenase (LO) products in G292 cells. In the G292 cells, IL-1α (50 U/ml) induced a 10-fold increase in PGE 2 production at all the incubation times tested, and a significant two-fold increase in 5 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) formation after 48 h. These effects were not seen in SaOS-2 cells under identical conditions. These results suggest that, although some osteosarcomal cell lines may not respond directly to IL-1 with effects on AA metabolism, the mechanism of its action in others may involve modulation of both cyclooxygenase (CO) and LO pathways.
Electromagnetic Particle Simulation Codes

Electromagnetic particle simulations solve the full set of Maxwell’s equations. They thus include the effects of self-consistent electric and magnetic fields, magnetic induction, and electromagnetic radiation. The algorithms for an electromagnetic code which works directly with the electric and magnetic fields are described. The fields and current are separated into transverse and longitudinal components. The transverse $\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{E} $ and $\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{B} $ fields are integrated in time using a leapfrog scheme applied to the Fourier components. The particle pushing is performed via the relativistic Lorentz force equation for the particle momentum. As an example, simulation results are presented for the electron cyclotron maser instability which illustrate the importance of relativistic effects on the wave-particle resonance condition and on wave dispersion.
Cooperative interactions at [3H]kainic acid binding sites in rat and human cerebellum

Abstract Inhibition of the specific binding of [3H]kainic acid was studied in membranes isolated from rat and human cerebellum; the sequence of potencies in both species were: kainic acid > L-glutamic acid > dihydrokainic acid > D-glutamic acid. Whereas the Hill coefficient for unlabelled Kainate was 1.0, dihydrokainic acid and D- and L-glutamic acids exhibited negative cooperativity with Hill coefficients of near 0.5. This allosteric interaction of glutamic acid at the kainic acid recognition site suggests a biochemical correlate for the synergistic effects of these compounds in vivo.
Stoichiometry of a hERG1 Agonist on Channel Gating

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1) K+ channels mediate repolarization of action potentials in cardiomyocytes. A refined mechanistic understanding of the action of hERG1 agonists may assist development of novel compounds for treatment of arrhythmia associated with acquired or congenital long QT syndrome. RPR-260243 [(3R,4R)-4-[3-(6-methoxy-quinolin-4-yl)-3-oxo-propyl]-1-[3-(2,3,5 trifluorophenyl)-prop-2-ynyl]-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid] (RPR) profoundly slows deactivation and modestly attenuates fast C-type inactivation of hERG1 channels without affecting its kinetics. A Markov model of channel gating incorporating two open states reproduced these experimental findings. A binding site for RPR has been localized to a hydrophobic pocket between two adjacent hERG1 subunits. Accordingly, one homotetrameric hERG1 channel contains four identical RPR binding sites. In this study, the stoichiometric basis of RPR-altered hERG1 channel currents was investigated. Concatenated hERG1 tetramers incorporating a variable number of wild-type subunits and mutant subunits (L553A to prevent RPR binding) were constructed and heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. RPR slowed the rate of hERG1 channel deactivation as a function of the number of wild-type subunits (i.e., accessible RPR binding sites) contained within a tetramer. Occupancy of all four available binding sites was required to attain maximum effect. In contrast, occupancy of only three binding sites was sufficient to achieve the maximum shift (+24 mV) in the voltage required for half-maximal inactivation. The distinct subunit stoichiometries associated with RPR-induced changes in hERG1 deactivation and inactivation reflects the different structural basis of the activation (S6 bundle crossing) and inactivation (selectivity filter) gates.
The shadow in organizational ethnography: moving beyond shadowing to spect‐acting

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the methodological practice of shadowing and its implications for ethnographic fieldwork. Furthermore, the paper challenges the label of “shadowing” and suggests a new label of “spect‐acting.”Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based in a feminist and interpretive‐qualitative approach to methods, and uses the author's experience with shadowing as a case study. The author argues that fieldwork is always intersubjective and as such, the research site emerges out of the co‐construction of the relationship between researcher and participant.Findings – The author argues that reflexivity is a required but neglected aspect of shadowing, and that spect‐acting as a new term would require the researcher to take reflexivity more seriously, thereby opening up emancipatory possibilities in the field.Research limitations/implications – Findings are based on a limited time span of shadowing.Originality/value – The paper is original in that it imports “spect‐actin...
A case study on entity Resolution for Distant Processing of big Humanities data

At the forefront of big data in the Humanities, collections management can directly impact collections access and reuse. However, curators using traditional data management methods for tasks such as identifying redundant from relevant and related records, a small increase in data volume can significantly increase their workload. In this paper, we present preliminary work aimed at assisting curators in making important data management decisions for organizing and improving the overall quality of large unstructured Humanities data collections. Using Entity Resolution as a conceptual framework, we created a similarity model that compares directories and files based on their implicit metadata, and clusters pairs of closely related directories. Useful relationships between data are identified and presented through a graphical user interface that allows qualitative evaluation of the clusters and provides a guide to decide on data management actions. To evaluate the model's performance, we experimented with a test collection and asked the curator to classify the clusters according to four model cluster configurations that consider the presence of related and duplicate information. Evaluation results suggest that the model is useful for making data management action decisions.
Voltammetric measurement of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) following interfacial accumulation at mercury electrodes

Abstract The interfacial behavior of cisplatin at mercury electrodes is evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. The adsorption phenomenon appears to be responsible for the complex reduction at low potentials. The total limiting surface concentration of cisplatin, 5.1 × 10−10 mol cm−2, suggests the existence of a packed geometrically planar layer. The spontaneous adsorption can be used as an effective preconcentration step prior to the voltammetric measurement. The voltammetric response is evaluated with respect to preconcentration time and potential, concentration dependence, electrolyte, the presence of surfactants and other variables. Best results are obtained using a 0.5 M potassium chloride solution and preconcentration at −0.20 V. A linear calibration plot is obtained up to 2.4 × 10−6M. The relative standard deviation at the 5 × 10−7M level is 1.6%. An indirect assay in untreated urine samples is demonstrated.
Spectroscopic measurements of stress relaxation during thermally induced crystallization of amorphous titania films

Amorphous TiO2 optical films transform irreversibly to a crystalline phase when subjected to temperatures in excess of 573 K. The transformation is accompanied by film densification and a marked change in the intrinsic film stress. Work reported here involves the application of real-time Raman spectroscopy to follow the transformation dynamics and to evaluate transient stresses which evolve during thermally induced crystallization of amorphous sol-gel deposited films. Relative changes in vibrational mode intensities characteristic of the crystalline phase correlate with the degree of crystallinity in the film while mode frequency shifts also acquired in real time are used to estimate the film temperature and the magnitude of internal stress. A contour analysis method is presented whereby knowledge of two vibrational mode frequencies is sufficient to determine these quantities uniquely. Results suggest that both deposition temperature and crystallization temperature affect the intrinsic film stress. Advantages and limitations of this method for the evaluation of stress in dielectric films are discussed.
Refined crystal structure of ferredoxin II from Desulfovibrio gigas at 1·7 Å

Abstract The crystal structure of ferredoxin II from Desulfovibrio gigas has been determined using phasing from anomalous scattering data at a resolution of 1.7 A and refined to an R -factor of 0.157. The molecule has an overall chain fold similar to that of the other bacterial ferredoxins of known structure. The molecule contains a single 3Fe4S cluster with geometry indistinguishable from the 4Fe4S clusters, and a disulfide bond near the site corresponding to the position of the second cluster of two-cluster ferredoxins. The cluster is bound by cysteine residues 8, 14 and 50. The side-chain of cysteine 11 extends away from the cluster, but could rotate to become the fourth cysteine ligand in the four-iron form of the molecule given a local adjustment of the polypeptide chain. This residue is modified, however, by what appears to be a methanethiol group. There are a total of eight NH … S bonds to the inorganic and cysteine sulfur atoms of the FeS cluster. There is an additional residue found that is not reported for the chemical sequence: according to the electron density a valine residue should be inserted after residue 55.
Antigen-loaded pH-sensitive hydrogel microparticles are taken up by dendritic cells with no requirement for targeting antibodies

Particle-based delivery of encapsulated antigens has great potential for improving vaccine constructs. In this study, we show that antigen-loaded, pH-sensitive hydrogel microparticles are taken up and presented by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro and are taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes in vivo. This uptake is irrespective of targeting antibodies. BMDCs in vitro and DCs in vivo also display upregulation of activation markers CD80 and CD86 when treated with microparticles, again with no difference in conjugated antibodies, even the agonistic CD40 antibody. We further show that these particles induce enhanced expansion of cytokine-producing CD8 T cells in response to challenge with ovalbumin-expressing vesicular stomatitis virus, in both an accelerated vaccination strategy using pre-loaded BMDCs and a traditional mouse immunization setting.
The use of simulation in studying information storage and retrieval systems

Previous applications of simulation to information storage and retrieval systems (ISRS) have been overly restrictive in their scope and have failed to consider the environment within which such systems operate. This paper considers the ISRS as a subsystem within a larger system which includes the users and the funders of the retrieval system. The three components form a closed-loop information feedback system in which user response influences both the funding and operation of the ISRS as it attempts to satisfy user needs within a finite budget allocation. Reward-cost theory provides the basis for describing user behavior. An industrial dynamics model has been developed to simulate ISRS/ user/funder behavior where a university departmental library is the ISRS component. The results which such an analysis can produce are discussed.
Sperm cell abnormalities in progeny from interspecific crosses between Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa.

A complexity of abnormalities (duplication and deformation of elements) was found in eupyrene sperm cells in the progeny of Heliothis subflexa (Guenee) ♀ × H. virescens (F.) ♂ by using a rapid air-dry procedure for light microscopical study. The sperm cell acrosome, nucleus, neck region, and tail elements were clearly delineated in these preparations. Where sperm were scored in the parents, less than 2% were found to be abnormal. In contrast, more than 60% were abnormal in F1 hybrids. Frequency of aberrations in BC generations gradually approached normal parental values. The presence of abnormal eupyrene spermatozoa might be used to identify field-released F1 and early BC generation sterile males.
The CO2 abatement game: Costs, incentives, and the enforceability of a sub-global coalition☆

Abstract This paper studies the economic incentives and the institutional issues governing the outcomes of a short-term climate change policy package guided by the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Berlin Mandate initiatives. Game theoretic tools and the global trade-environment interface are explored within a 26-region, 13-commodity computable general equilibrium framework to characterize the incentives of OECD regions to comply with a non-binding agreement in a carbon abatement coalition. The results showed that, in the absence of side payments, the achievement of such a coalition might require the design of suitable trade instruments.
Superficial hypertrophic dendritic epitheliopathy occurring before and after penetrating keratoplasty in a patient with psoriasis.

PURPOSE: To report a patient with superficial hypertrophic dendritic epitheliopathy that occurred in 1 eye after keratoplasty and in the other eye that had not undergone previous corneal transplantation. In both eyes, the epitheliopathy recurred even after subsequent penetrating keratoplasties. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A patient with chronic eyelid and ocular surface disease secondary to psoriasis was monitored over a 17-year period. During this time, the patient developed a superficial hypertrophic dendritic epitheliopathy of the left eye 3 years after corneal transplantation. In the right eye, which had not undergone a penetrating keratoplasty, the patient was also noted to have a superficial hypertrophic dendritic epitheliopathy that changed morphologies over the ensuing 5.5 years. Both eyes subsequently required penetrating keratoplasties for decreased vision secondary to subepithelial scarring. After surgery, both corneas suffered recurrences of the superficial hypertrophic epitheliopathy. CONCLUSION: In addition to the original findings that superficial hypertrophic dendritic epitheliopathy occurs in postkeratoplasty eyes, this condition can also occur in corneas that have not been transplanted previously. The morphology of these lesions can vary.
Calibration Transfer from Pharmaceutical Powder Mixtures to Compacts Using the Prediction Augmented Classical Least Squares (PACLS) Method

This study was designed to assess the potential of transferring a calibration model from pharmaceutical powder mixtures to compacts of identical compositions using prediction augmented classical least squares (PACLS). A 2-factor, 5-level, full-factorial design was used to generate powder mixtures and compacts with a variety of formulation compositions. Spectra representative of powder mixtures were used for calibration, while spectra collected on both unrelaxed and relaxed compacts were used as the prediction dataset. The CLS augmentation strategy was to add empirically determined spectral shapes representative of the density differences between powder mixtures and compacts to the original K matrix. The performance of PACLS was compared to other commonly used modeling techniques, including classical least squares (CLS) and partial least squares (PLS) with and without spectral pretreatments and standardization. Significantly improved prediction performance (p < 0.05) was demonstrated by PACLS approaches compared to other techniques. This work demonstrated a technique to orthogonalize the spectral differences between powder and compact samples, allowing the prediction of chemical properties in compacts. Specific precautions for applying PACLS in a calibration transfer from powder mixtures to compacts are also discussed.
The Use of Octreotide to Manage Symptoms of Bronchorrhea: A Case Report

Octreotide, a synthetic analogue of the hormone somatostatin, is primarily used in palliative medicine because of its antisecretory effect and has been shown to be effective in the management of bowel obstruction, nausea, and diarrhea. Octreotide also has been successfully used for the management of bronchorrhea in both inpatient and outpatient settings. We report the case of a 47-year-old female with a history of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma whose copious bronchial secretions were controlled with octreotide. Octreotide should be further evaluated as a first-line treatment for bronchorrhea.
Analysis of surface compositions in the Oxia Palus region on Mars from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer Observations

[1] We examine the distribution of Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) derived surface compositions in the Oxia Palus region on Mars through high-spatial-resolution mapping and integration with Mars Orbiter Camera and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data sets. We also fit the basalt and andesite-weathered basalt interpretations of TES surface type 1 and type 2 materials into multiple working hypotheses to describe the origin of surface compositions. A mixing/transition from surface type 1 to type 2 is observed in low-albedo regions of southern Acidalia Planitia and may represent either (1) an influx of basaltic sediment from the southern highlands, deposited on and mixed with andesitic volcanics; (2) an influx of water-transported basaltic sediment from the southern highlands that was altered and later deposited as a thin sedimentary veneer; or (3) different degrees of weathering of indigenous basalt, marking the geographic extent of submarine alteration of basaltic crust. TES spectra of low-albedo intracrater materials reveal that surface type 1 compositions form a central core on crater floors, while type 2 compositions form a surrounding arc on the dark downwind sides of crater walls. Intracrater floor materials are interpreted as eolian sediment, and wall materials are interpreted as either eolian sediment or eroded material from in-place crater wall lithologies. Surface type 1 and type 2 compositions are also observed in adjacent low-albedo wind streaks; however, a mixing trend is not as evident. The Mars Pathfinder landing site and Ares and Tiu Valles source regions are sufficiently blanketed by fine-grained dust to prohibit the analysis of surface rock compositions.
Population-based fracture risk assessment and osteoporosis treatment disparities by race and gender.

BACKGROUND Undertreatment of osteoporosis has been recognized as a common problem in selected patient subgroups. However, primary prevention has been hampered by limited risk assessment tools that can be applied to large populations.
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in patients with “Normal” ALT levels

Not many data exist to guide us in the management of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and “normal” alanine aminotransferase levels. Many of these patients may not have normal levels on long-term follow-up or when the upper limit of normal is determined from a truly healthy reference population. These patients may have significant histologic disease and benefit from further investigation or treatment. This article focuses on the disease course of such patients.
Public Financial Management in the 1990s: New Directions for Research and Pedagogy:

This article proposes new directions for a reoriented public financial management in the 1990s. Substantively, it calls for less research and pedagogy devoted to budget theory and format work and greater attention to "nuts-and-bolts" topics such as cash management, forecasting, and budget execution, as well as broader social issues related to American competitiveness. Another major area for consideration is bureaucratic incentive structure, a topic generally thought of as falling in the purview of public personnel. Concomitant with this reorientation, I hope that public financial management will eschew public administration's traditional hostility to Economic Man and its concern for capital formation (broadly defined to include human as well as financial capital), savings, and growth. The article closes with exemplar works for research and teaching.
Quarter-scale room-fire tests of interior finishes

A technique for estimating fire-buildup in rooms with combustible interior finish is discussed. Use of the technique resulted in good agreement between fires conducted in one-quarter-scale rooms with a doorway opening and those performed in full-scale rooms. The effects of burner location and heating rate on flashover in a well-insulated room were also studied to help select a suitable ignition source size and placement for testing of interior-finish materials.
Consumers' need for levity in advertising communications

The authors propose and develop a scale to measure a new construct, ‘Need for Levity’, that represents an individual's tendency to seek out and engage in levity (lighthearted behavior). Need for Levity (NFL) is conceptualized as a personality trait that encompasses, but transcends, an individual's sense of humor. The final scale includes four dimensions: Internal Humor (the need to experience humor internally – to generate humor); External Humor (the need to experience humor from external sources); Internal Whimsy (the need to experience whimsy internally – to act whimsically); and External Whimsy (the need to experience the whimsy and playfulness of others). The authors present four scale development and validation studies that illustrate the relevance of this construct for research in consumer psychology.
Privacy Protection Overseas as Perceived by USA-Based IT Professionals

Privacy laws for the Internet are difficult to develop and implement domestically and internationally. A clear problem is how such laws are limited to national jurisdictions. What is legal in one country may be illegal in another. Due to differences in cultures and values, and government types, it may not be possible to establish global standards and legislations to ensure privacy. Due to the nonexistence of global privacy standards, multinational (international) companies usually select one of the following two possible solutions: (1) implement a most restrictive â€œone size fits allâ€ privacy policy that is used across various countries, or (2) implement different privacy policies that meet the privacy regulations of different countries and expectations of those citizens. In order to investigate a solution that may be used by multinational companies, and how companies view domestic privacy laws, the authors conducted a survey of U.S.-based employees of domestic and multinational companies. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of the multinational companies prefer the first solutionâ€”most restrictive â€œone size fits allâ€ approach. They develop and implement a single set of privacy policies that is used across their operations in different countries. The majority of the companies surveyed consider domestic privacy laws in the United States to be practical, but ineffective.
Silicon planar ACCUFET: improved power MOSFET structure

An improved power MOSFET structure in silicon. Called the planar ACCUmulation channel field effect transistor (planar ACCUFET) is proposed. In this device, the P base and the deep P/sup +/ regions of the conventional DMOSFET are replaced by a depleted N-type base region created using a buried P/sup +/ region. Numerical simulations show that the planar ACCUFET has good forward blocking characteristics with low leakage current. The specific on-resistance, as well as the gate charge of the planar ACCUFET are lower than those of a DMOSFET with the same voltage rating. Furthermore, the planar ACCUFET requires a smaller thermal budget for fabrication than the DMOSFET.
Role of gender, insurance status and culture in attitudes and health behavior in a US Chinese student population.

Introduction Asians are an understudied population in health research. Often their lower utilization of health care services and low participation in clinical trials has been attributed to socioeconomic factors and cultural beliefs. However, the role of gender and perceptions of health beliefs across generations in determining access have not been studied in this population. Objective This study seeks to examine the relationship of gender to the health beliefs and health utilization patterns of a group of undergraduate Chinese students in regard to their own use and what they perceived as their parents' use. Design Seventy-eight Chinese students responded to a health belief and utilization survey. They were asked to provide information on their perceptions and attitudes of health as well as what they perceived to be their parents' health attitudes and behavior. Results. Findings indicated that female students were more proactive in their health beliefs towards preventive care and getting regular check-ups...
Determination of the entanglement molecular weight of thermoplastic elastomers by tensile retraction measurements

The molecular weight between crosslinks was measured as a function of the maximum extension to which samples of solution cast films of ABA triblocks were tested. These measurements were done by applying the kinetic theory of rubber elasticity to the retraction portion of a tensile hysteresis curve. The molecular weight between chain restrictions, as determined by extrapolation to 0% elongation, was found to be identical to the entanglement molecular weight normally associated with the polybutadiene or polyisoprene that was used for the center block. The disentanglement of the small amount of AB diblock present could also be followed by fitting the data collected to what could be pictured kinetically as a simultaneous first-and second-order loss of crosslink density.
Recent advances in capacitance type of blade tip clearance measurements

Two recent electronic advances at NASA-Lewis that meet the blade tip clearance needs of a wide class of fans, compressors, and turbines are described. The first is a frequency modulated (FM) oscillator that requires only a single low cost ultrahigh frequency operational amplifier. Its carrier frequency is 42.8 MHz when used with a 61 cm long hermetically sealed coaxial cable. The oscillator can be calibrated in the static mode and has a negative peak frequency deviation of 400 kHz for a typical rotor blade. High temperature performance tests of the probe and 13 cm of the adjacent cable show good accuracy up to 600 C, the maximum which produces a clearance error of + or - 10 microns at a clearance of 500 microns. In the second advance, a guarded probe configuration allows a longer cable capacitance. The capacitance of the probe is part of a small time constant feedback in a high speed operational amplifier. The solution of the governing differential equation is applied to a ramp type of input. The results show an amplifier output that contains a term which is proportional to the derivative of the feedback capacitance. The capacitance is obtained by subtracting a balancing reference channel followed by an integration stage.
The thymus according to schambacher: Medullary ducts and reticular epithelium of thymus and thymomas

Thymomas exhibit histologically characteristic features of differentiation with great similarity to structures in fetal, normal and involuted thymus. They include pleomorphic ducts, cysts and glandular structures, which cannot be explained with the conventional views on thymus development as introduced by Hammar, but find a simple histogenetic clarification if Schambacher's concepts are accepted. With suitable fetal material Schambacher's findings can be easily confirmed. They indicate that the thymus is composed of two different types of epithelium, called here the “reticular epithelium” and the “medullary duct epithelium.” Their origins and development are described. The features of fetal thymus, of normal and involuted thymus, of cystic thymic lesions and of dysplastic thymus are re-examined and compared with structures found in thymomas. The observed findings suggest that thymomas are complex “organoid” epitheliomas with diversified reticular epithelial and medullary duct differentiation. Like other epitheliomas they grow slowly and may show local invasive propensities, but distant metastases remain exceptionally rare.
Detection and partial characterization of proopiomelanocortin-related end-products from the pars intermedia of the toad, Bombina orientalis.

Abstract Steady-state analyses were performed on the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-related endproducts present in acid extracts of the pars intermedia of the anuran amphibian, Bombina orientalis . Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography indicated that immunoreactive α-MSH-sized material and N -acetylated β-endorphin-related material are the major POMC-related products present in this tissue. The α-MSH-sized immunoreactivity was further fractionated by reversed phase HPLC. The major peak of immunoreactivity isolated by this procedure eluted with the same retention time as synthetic ACTH(1–13)amide. Cation exchange chromatography supported the conclusion that the major storage form of α-MSH in the pars intermedia of Bombina is ACTH(1–13)amide. Analysis of Bombina pars intermedia in culture indicated that mono-acetylated and di-acetylated α-MSH were the major forms of α-MSH secreted into the medium. The major peak of N -acetylated β-endorphin-related material was further analyzed by cation exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-25 gel filtration column chromatography. The major storage form of β-endorphin in this tissue is N -acetylated, has a net positive charge at pH 2.75 of +1, and has an apparent molecular weight of 1.2K. The β-endorphin present in the pars intermedia of this tissue does not undergo further N-acetylation at the time of secretion. These results indicate that in the pars intermedia of the archeobatrachian, Bombina orientalis , the N-acetylation of α-MSH is a cosecretory processing event, whereas N-acetylation of β-endorphin is a post-translational processing event. These results are compared to other archeobatrachian and neobatrachian pituitary POMC systems that have been analyzed.
Stimulus selection in discriminative taste-aversion learning in the rat.

In three experiments, rats were presented compound solutions consisting of a common element, saccharin, mixed with one of two different flavor elements, cinnamon and wintergreen. Rats in the experimental groups consistently received a toxicosis-inducing injection following one compound solution but not following the other compound solution. Rats in the control groups received toxicosis-inducing injections half the time following each of the compound solutions. After training in each experiment, there were tests for conditioning to the saccharin alone. The experimental groups drank significantly more than the control groups, indicating that the aversion to the partially reinforced saccharin in isolation was less when the different flavor cues were more highly correlated with reinforcement. In Experiment III, there was also a test for conditioning to the cinnamon or wintergreen flavor alone. The experimental group drank significantly less of the continuously reinforced flavor than the control group did of the partially reinforced flavor. These results are similar to those reported within more traditional conditioning paradigms.
Chemoprophylaxis of prosthetic joint patients during dental treatment: A decision-utility analysis

A decision-analytic model and a cost effectiveness analysis was performed on 1 million hypothetic prosthetic joint patients undergoing dental treatment, to determine the most cost-effective strategy to prevent late prosthetic joint infections. The cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved (QALY) was determined for three preventive strategies: no prophylaxis, oral penicillin, and oral cephalexin. The UCLA Pain-Walking-Function-Activity Scale was used to obtain quality-of-life adjustments (utility assessment) for the study population. Costs were derived from 70 patients hospitalized between July 1, 1982, and June 30, 1986, at the UCLA Center for Health Sciences. The most cost-effective preventive strategy was the no prophylaxis alternative ($196,500/QALY). However, by recommending a 1-day strategy of oral cephalexin only to those dental patients at high risk for late prosthetic joint infections rather than a 3-day regimen to all patients, the cost effectiveness improved from $1.1 million/QALY to $446,100/QALY while maintaining a low risk of death (0.38 deaths per 10(6) dental visits).
Revision provenance in text documents of asynchronous collaboration

Many text documents today are collaboratively edited, often with multiple small changes. The problem we consider in this paper is how to find provenance for a specific part of interest in the document. A full revision history, represented as a version tree, can tell us about all updates made to the document, but most of these updates may apply to other parts of the document, and hence not be relevant to answer the provenance question at hand. In this paper, we propose the notion of a revision unit as a flexible unit to capture the necessary provenance. We demonstrate through experiments the capability of the revision units in keeping only relevant updates in the provenance representation and the flexibility of the revision units in adjusting to updates reflected in the version tree.