cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Rhinoplasty: Everything You Need to Know About Fixing and Reshaping Your Nose

Edwin Williams. Rhinoplasty: Everything You Need to Know About Fixing and Reshaping Your Nose. North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013. ISBN-10: 1480208892 Rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the United States, according to statistics of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery1 and the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2 as of 2012. Given the large number of patients requesting information on this procedure and the wealth of information available on the Internet, a guided manual for patients considering this procedure would offer substantial utility. Rhinoplasty: Everything You Need to Know About Fixing and Reshaping Your Nose is a text written for patients who are about to embark on, or are strongly considering, rhinoplasty. The author, Dr Edwin Williams, is an expert rhinoplasty surgeon and a renowned contributor to the field. He serves as Fellowship Director for the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, invited speaker at national meetings annually, and Clinical Professor of Surgery at Albany Medical Center in Albany, New York. The book itself is organized into 8 chapters, most of which are fewer than 5 pages long. Other chapters are longer (10-20 pages), depending on the subject matter. A lengthy section is dedicated to frequently asked questions (FAQs), and another chapter includes before-and-after …
Validation of PC-REDAPOL: fruit set prediction model for apples

The personal computer version of the REDAPOL apple fruit set prediction model has been validated in Arizona and Washington orchards. The PC-REDAPOL computer simulation model is designed to predict the percentage of blossoms setting fruit on apple trees. PC-REDAPOL predictions were within the 95% CI of the actual average percentage of blossoms setting fruit in 16 out of 23 model validation tests. The model also accurately predicted fruit set on limbs where honey bee, Apis mellifera L., visitation and pollination were stopped at different points during bloom. PC-REDAPOL has all the features of the original REDAPOL model, plus additions such as the ability to update estimates of the honey bee foraging population on apple trees during a simulation, pest management information, and a degree-day calculator. The program runs on IBM compatible personal computers and is available on request.
Dimethylditetradecylammonium bromide (2C14DAB) as a self-assembled surfactant coating for detection of protein–dye complexes by CE-LIF

A self-assembled column coating for capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) has been evaluated for the separation and quantitation of protein–dye complexes. This semi-permanent coating, composed of dimethylditetradecyl-ammonium bromide (2C14DAB), is inexpensive and easily assembled onto the column and it allows for better peak resolution and greater control over electroosmotic flow. The versatility of long-chained surfactant coatings was determined particularly with respect to their use with fluorescent probes, different pH buffers, and different proteins. Studies were performed to determine the stability of the coating under various pH and buffer conditions. Red-1c, a red luminescent squarylium dye, was used for on-column protein labeling concurrently with the surfactant coating and LIF detection. Protein–Red-1c complexes were excited with a 650-nm diode laser and their emission detected by a photomultiplier tube with a 664-nm filter. A comparison of pre-column labeling and on-column labeling of a two-model protein system (human serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin A) revealed higher efficiencies and greater sensitivities for both proteins using on-column labeling and coated columns. A linear relationship between peak height and protein concentration was obtained by CE-LIF for this on-column labeling method with 2C14DAB-coated columns and the Red-1c probe.
Criminal Victimization and Fear of Crime

The purpose of this research is twofold: to examine the relationship between criminal victimization and age-related characteristics, and to investigate the extent and reasons for high rates of fear of crime among the elderly. The data suggest a linear relationship between age and victimization with the elderly being victimized least and the age category of 18-24 having the highest victimization rates. The evidence supports conclusions that the elderly have the highest fear of crime and "'community protectiveness" is used as an important explanation for differences between rural and urban elderly fear of crime. A multivariate approach was used to determine the impact of criminal victimization and fear of crime upon the elderly.
Electron-spin-resonance studies of pyrrole polymers: Evidence for bipolarons

ESR measurements have been performed on samples of neutral polypyrrole, polypyrrole-perchlorate, oxygen-doped polypyrrole, and poly($\ensuremath{\beta}$,${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-dimethylpyrrole perchlorate). A narrow Lorentzian line is observed in oxidized, highly conducting films, but no correlation between conductivity and either linewidth or intensity is found. Electrochemically cycled films, which remain highly conducting, show little or no detectable ESR absorption. It is deduced that the ESR signal seen in the as-prepared material does not arise from the current-carrying species, but rather from accidental neutral $\ensuremath{\pi}$-radical defects. The absence of paramagnetism in the metallic state is discussed within the framework of bipolaron formation.
Mouse Tenm4 is required for mesoderm induction

Tenm4 is a mouse homolog of the Drosophila gene Tenascin-m (Ten-m (Odd oz)), which functions in motor neuron routing. Recently, a genome-wide association analysis for bipolar disorder identified a new susceptibility locus at TENM4 increasing the importance of understanding Tenm4. A series of Tenm4 mouse alleles showing a broad range of phenotypes were isolated after ENU mutagenesis. Here, we examine the timing and features of gastrulation failure in a loss of function allele. Embryonic mesoderm did not form in loss of function Tenm4m1/m1 mutant embryos. Genes normally expressed in embryonic mesoderm were not expressed in the mutant, the primitive streak did not form, and markers of the anteroposterior axis were not expressed or were mislocalized. The lack of embryonic mesoderm could not be attributed to poor proliferation of the epiblast, as normal numbers of dividing cells were observed. Epiblast cells maintained expression of Pou5f1 suggesting that they remain pluripotent, but they did not have the capacity to form any germ layer derivatives in teratomas, showing that the inability to induce mesoderm is cell autonomous. Misexpression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin suggest that the embryos did not undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, Wnt signaling did not occur in the mutants, as assessed by the TOPGAL reporter assay, while a GSK3β inhibitor partially rescued the mutant embryos, and rescued TOPGAL reporter expression. These data demonstrate that Tenm4 mutants fail to form a primitive streak and to induce embryonic mesoderm. Markers of anterior posterior patterning fail to be expressed or are mislocalized. Further, Tenm4 mutants lack the ability to differentiate in a cell autonomous manner. Together, our data suggest that embryos become impaired prior to E6.5 and as a result, Wnt signaling fails to occur; however, the involvement of other signaling pathways remains to be examined.
A Laplacian Energy for Document Binarization

This paper describes a new algorithm for document binarization, building upon recent work in energy-based segmentation methods. It uses the Laplacian operator to assess the local likelihood of foreground and background labels, Canny edge detection to identify likely discontinuities, and a graph cut implementation to efficiently find the minimum energy solution of an objective function combining these concepts. The results of this algorithm place it near the top on both the DIBCO-09 and H-DIBCO assessments.
Comparative Effects of Methylphenidate on ADD Girls and ADD Boys

Abstract. The effects of 0.3 mg/kg methylphenidate were compared for 12 ADD boys and 12 ADD girls participating in a summer treatment program for children with behavior and/or learning problems. Previous investigations have suggested that ADD girls may differ from ADD boys in some important respects. No information exists regarding whether the effects of the most common treatment for these children, methylphenidate, has comparable effects on boys and girls. The boys and girls were matched for age and IQ. The results revealed equivalent and beneficial effects of methylphenidate for both boys and girls. Methylphenidate therefore would appear to be as useful a treatment for ADD girls as for ADD boys.
Impact of Reduced Meal Frequency Without Caloric Restriction on Glucose Regulation in Healthy, Normal Weight Middle-Aged Men and Women

An unresolved issue in the field of diet and health is if and how changes in meal frequency affect energy metabolism in humans. We therefore evaluated the influence of reduced meal frequency without a reduction in energy intake on glucose metabolism in normal-weight, healthy male and female subjects. The study was a randomized crossover design, with two 8-week treatment periods (with an intervening 11-week off-diet period) in which subjects consumed all of their calories for weight maintenance distributed in either 3 meals or 1 meal per day (consumed between 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm). Energy metabolism was evaluated at designated time points throughout the study by performing morning oral glucose tolerance tests and measuring levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Subjects consuming 1 meal per day exhibited higher morning fasting plasma glucose levels, greater and more sustained elevations of plasma glucose concentrations, and a delayed insulin response in the oral glucose tolerance test compared with subjects consuming 3 meals per day. Levels of ghrelin were elevated in response to the 1-meal-per-day regimen. Fasting levels of insulin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and BDNF were not significantly affected by meal frequency. Subjects consuming a single large daily meal exhibit elevated fasting glucose levels and impaired morning glucose tolerance associated with a delayed insulin response during a 2-month diet period compared with those consuming 3 meals per day. The impaired glucose tolerance was reversible and was not associated with alterations in the levels of adipokines or BDNF.
Analysis of rolling contact with kinematic hardening for rail steel properties

Abstract This study presents calculations of two-dimensional rolling contact deformation for rail steel properties. Finite element analyses, previously carried out for perfect plasticity, are extended to the kinematic hardening behavior of rail steel. A three-parameter elastic-linear-kinematic-hardeningplastic description of the cyclic stress-strain behavior of rail steel is inserted in the finite element model. Steady state results are obtained after two translations. The effects of the kinematic hardening at three relative peak pressures p o k k = 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 are examined. The calculations evaluate the rim distortion, the cyclic plastic strains and the residual stresses, the shakedown limit for kinematic hardening and the effects of strain-amplitudedependent kinematic properties. The calculations reveal that the kinematic hardening of rail steel produces substantial alterations relative to the deformation and residual stresses associated with perfect plasticity. Cyclic strains are an order of magnitude smaller and the residual stresses are about half the value of comparable relative contact pressures. While the relative elastic shakedown limit, p o k k = 4 , is the same as for perfect plasticity, absolute values of wheel load at shakedown are modest because of the relatively low value of the kinematic yield strength of rail steel. Accordingly, a 33000 lbf (146.7 KN) wheel load applied to a new rail produces a relative peak contact pressure p o k k = 6.2 which exceeds the corresponding shakedown limit.
Coenzyme Q homologs in parasitic protozoa as targets for chemotherapeutic attack

The central role of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) in cellular energy metabolism is well established. Recent work has implicated this molecule in a wide range of other cellular functions, including roles in growth control, plasma membrane oxidase and as a cellular antioxidant. In this review, Jayne Ellis presents an overview of the current knowledge of this important cellular component in species of parasitic protozoa, discusses current therapies using its analogs and proposes its potential roles in these organisms.
Thermal and X-ray studies of the pyrolysis process for bismuth-substituted iron garnet films

The thermal decomposition and crystallization processes of two types of films with various thicknesses prepared by spin-coating aqueous and acetylacetonic solutions made by dissolving metal nitrate hydrates of appropriate ratios for the garnets, are described. It was found that the aqueous films decomposed with endothermic reactions over a broad temperature range from 80–500 °C, while the acetylacetonic films decomposed at two strong exothermic reactions at temperatures of 130 °C and 250 °–400 °C. Both films decomposed to become amorphous oxides, which then began to crystallize at a temperature of about 600 °C. It was also found that when the amorphous oxide films were thinner than 0.3 μm, the garnets were formed directly from the amorphous oxides. When the films were thicker than 0.3 μm, intermediate orthoferrites were formed which, upon further heating, transformed to the garnets. Differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction data in the temperature range 20–750 °C are given and discussed.
Relaxing Incisions with Augmentation Sutures for the Correction of Postkeratoplasty Astigmatism

Performed a prospective study of relaxing incisions with augmentation sutures in 21 patients who were unable to wear spectacles or contact lenses after penetrating keratoplasty because of high astigmatism. The mean preoperative astigmatism was 9.37 diopters (range, 4.50 to 14.50 diopters), and the mean postoperative astigmatism was 3.73 diopters (range, 0.00 to 7.00 diopters). The net decrease in astigmatism was 6.56 diopters (range, 1.00 to 11.00 diopters), which represents a 67% decrease in astigmatism. The mean vector corrected change in astigmatism was 8.40 diopters (86%). Results were compared with those of our previous study of relaxing incisions without sutures. Overall, there was a significantly greater decrease in astigmatism (67% vs 47%, P = .009) when augmentation sutures were placed 90 degrees away from the relaxing incisions. Furthermore, in patients with more than 8.50 diopters of astigmatism, relaxing incisions with sutures yielded a much greater reduction in astigmatism compared with relaxing incisions without sutures (70% with sutures vs 39% without sutures, P = .002). We recommend relaxing incisions with augmentation sutures as the initial surgical procedure in eyes with more than 8.50 diopters of astigmatism.
Effect of neurotensin, substance P and TRH on the regulation of dopamine receptors in rat brain

Abstract Rats were exposed for one week to either neurotensin (4 μg/h), substance P (3.3 μg/h), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (5 μg/h), or saline administered intracerebroventricularly via mini osmotic-pumps and either haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg i.p., 2 × daily) or vehicle control. The peptide treatments by themselves did not alter [ 3 H]spiroperidol binding in either the nucleus accumbens or the striatum. Neurotensin, however, augmented the increase in [ 3 H]spiroperidol binding caused by the haloperidol treatment in both the nucleus accumbens and striatum.
Integration of combustion reaction systems

Abstract When integrating the mass and energy balances with a stiff integrator, such as LSODE (Hindmarsh, [1]), absolute error tolerances are inefficient during the initiation of free radicals, loss of precision in evaluating the algebraic mass balances can lead to numerical instability, and integrator stall can occur when species decay to depletion with a sub-first-order kinetic model. To improve reliability and efficiency, asymptotic expansions ar patched with the combustion model. When loss of precision exceeds some heuristic measure, the state variables of the differential equations (concentrations of the basic species) are reselected in order that the largest concentrations are computed by the algebraic mass balances.
Observations on the RNA metabolism of leukaemic cell cultures.

MORE than half the RNA synthesized in mammalian cells is ribosomal and transfer RNA. This RNA is rich in guanine (G) and cytosine (C) and is polymerized by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase1,2. Conversely, the RNA synthesized in mammalian cells infected with cytocidal single-stranded RNA viruses, such as polio-viruses and EMC virus, is predominantly viral RNA. This RNA is rich in adenine (A) and uracil (U) and is polymerized by virus-induced, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase3–7. Cells infected with such viruses also show repression of the synthesis of GC-rich cellular RNA8,9. Little is known about the metabolism of RNA in mammalian cells infected with leukaemia viruses. The present study was undertaken to examine some gross characteristics of RNA synthesis in leukaemia cells from mice in which the leukaemias resulted from infection either with the Rauscher leukaemia virus or with a virus from radiation-induced myeloid leukaemia10. Recent investigations have shown that the nucleic acid of the Rauscher virus is single-stranded RNA with about 52 per cent total G + C and a low uridine content11,12. The nature of the nucleic acid of the radiation-induced myeloid leukaemia virus is not known.
Ozone alteration of transport of cations and the Na+/K+-ATPase in human erythrocytes.

Abstract The rates of movements of Na + and K + across the red cell membrane, controlled by active transport and sensitive to ouabain, were slightly decreased (15 to 20%) by exposure of the cells to high levels of ozone (14 μmol), in a manner suggesting inhibition of the transport Na + K + -ATPase. However, when measured in intact cells, the Na + K + -ATPase did not seem to be inhibited significantly by ozone. Neither the concentration of intracellular ATP nor the glucose transport to provide energy was significantly decreased by ozone treatment. Yet, the sensitivity to ouabain, as measured by the ability of the red blood cell ghost to bind ouabain, was reduced by exposure of the cell to ozone. Only when the Na + K + -ATPase activity was measured in broken or in Tris buffer-treated ghosts could a significant inhibition by ozone exposure be observed. Such evidence disputes recent proposals that a loss of transport ATPase activity results in the volume and shape changes known to occur in red cells in vivo after ozone exposures. We propose that the ozone exposure modifies the red blood cell membrane itself, rather than the Na + K + -ATPase. This membrane modification then causes the observed inhibition of the Na + and K + transport.
Wide Dynamic Range 6000-Pixel Line Scan CCD Imager For Graphic Arts Applications

Line scan CCD imagers have been used successfully in various applications such as remote sensing, document and film scanning, industrial inspection, and optical processing. However, high quality scanning of transparencies for electronic color separation has not been completely satisfactory when performed with CCD imagers intended for document scanning applications. This paper describes a new CCD imager specifically designed to handle the wide dynamic range of transparencies. This new line scan CCD imager features 6000 pixels 10μm x 10μm on a 10μm pitch. The 2.4 inch long chip is built on a low crosstalk substrate with all the state-of-the-art features: low-lag photodiodes, antiblooming and integration controls, output clock gates, in-phase outputs, and high scale factor amplifiers. The device is packaged in a new ceramic/precision metal header. A key performance parameter is its dynamic range: 30,000:1 (relative to RMS temporal noise in the dark, with CDS) which makes it an excellent candidate for use in high-resolution high-quality flatbed scanners.
Simulation and Experimental Validation of a Magnetocaloric Microcooler

This research focuses on the simulation and experimental test and validation of a magnetocaloric microcooler that works under a small magnetic field obtainable by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. The numerical simulation model of the cooler was constructed by finite element method. Three different kinds of bonded channel layers were used. The temperature change of the working fluid in the cooler was analyzed. The results from the simulation showed a clear fluid temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the channel (ΔT) of 11 °C while the fluid average temperature ≈ 7.01 °C at the outlet of the microcooler. The microcooler was fabricated using the MEMS processes, and experimental setup was developed for testing of the microcooler. The cooling test was performed for coolers with different channel layers – only micro channel wafer, microchannels in Si-Si fusion bonded wafers and microchannels in glass-Si anodic bonded wafers. Simulated and experimental results of the cooler demonstrate the effect of the materials that were used for microchannels and intermediate plates, on the cooling characteristics.© 2006 ASME
Temperature adaptations and biochemical activities of group 3 mycobacteria.

Repeated passage ofMycobacterium avium and of Battey bacilli(M. intracellulare) at elevated temperatures does not appear to lead to selection of strains with tolerance to higher temperature.M. avium has weaker arylsulfatase and nitrite reducing activity than the Battey bacillus, and these activities are not stimulated at elevated temperatures. This is in contrast to observations of Fromanet al. that high temperatures modify phage susceptibility and pathogenicity of organisms in this complex.
A METHOD FOR EXAMINING TURNOVER AND SYNTHESIS OF PALMITATE‐CONTAINING BRAIN LIPIDS IN VIVO

SUMMARY 1. A theoretical three compartment model is presented which gives the rate of incorporation of plasma palmitate into brain, Jpalm, in terms of turnover and synthesis of palmitate-containing lipids, de novo synthesis of palmitate from acetate, and recycling of palmitate within lipids. 2. Jpalm equals 4 h brain radioactivity following intravenous injection of [U-14C]-palmitate (determined with quantitative autoradiography), divided by integrated plasma specific activity of palmitate. Jpalm follows the time course of brain lipid synthesis during development of the rat, but is age-invariant in the adult. 3. At 1–7 days after 5 min of bilateral carotid occlusion in the awake gerbil, intravascular [14C]-palmitate incorporation is reduced in the CA1 pyramidal layer of the hippocampus, consistent with delayed neuronal death, but is elevated in the CA3 and CA4 pyramidal layers and dentate gyrus, suggesting synthesis of new membrane during recovery from the ischaemic insult. 4. Several weeks after unilateral destruction of the cochlea in 11 day old rats, incorporation of [14C]-palmitate from plasma into appropriate central auditory regions is reduced, corresponding to reduced cell size and altered morphology. 5. [14C]-palmitate incorporation into the left hypoglossal nucleus is increased during and following axonal regeneration (up to 23% compared with control side) following transection of the left hypoglossal nerve in Fischer-344 rats, whereas incorporation is decreased 6–7% when regeneration is prevented. Time courses of incorporation in both cases correspond to histological changes. 6. The results show that the palmitate method can be used to examine regional turnover and synthesis of brain lipids following injury, sensory deprivation, development, regeneration and ageing.
Adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland with micronodular adrenal cortical hyperplasia

We report a case of an adenomatoid tumor (AT) of an adrenal gland with micronodular adrenal cortical hyperplasia (ACH). A 51-year-old man was found to have newly developed hypertension with clinical evidence of primary aldosteronism. A computerized tomogram of the abdomen revealed a solitary mass in the right adrenal gland. He underwent a right adrenalectomy for a presumptive clinical diagnosis of a solitary aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma. On histopathologic examination, the adrenal gland demonstrated an AT, diagnosed by the characteristic histological features, immunohistochemical stain results, and electron microscopic findings. The surrounding adrenal cortex showed multiple small hyperplastic cortical nodules. After the adrenalectomy, the patient's blood pressure normalized. Primary AT of the adrenal gland coexisting with micronodular ACH associated with hypertension has not been previously reported.
MD Simulations of Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2): Force-Field Parameterization and Thermal Transport Behavior

Abstract In this article, we have investigated the anisotropic nature of thermal transport in molybdenum disulphide using molecular dynamics simulations. At first, a force field has been validated with respect to crystal structure and experimental vibrational spectra of MoS 2 . Thereafter, non-equilibrium MD simulations have been performed in two perpendicular directions (along as well as across the basal planes) to study thermal transport behavior. At room temperature, our results show an anisotropic factor of ∼4 in the values of thermal conductivity along two studied directions, which is in good agreement with recent experiments on MoS 2 thin films. However, the predicted values of thermal conductivity are about an order of magnitude higher with respect to experiments. The reasoning behind these differences has been discussed in terms of layer disorder and the large number of grain boundary interfaces in experimental thin films, which consisted of nano-crystalline MoS 2 grains with a predominant parallel or perpendicular basal plane orientation. Incorporation of phonon scattering via structure disorder and boundary interfaces were identified as further directions for the model refinement.
Unique barriers and needs in weight management for obese women with fibromyalgia.

Research Question The aim of this study was to identify barriers, needs, and preferences of weight management intervention for women with fibromyalgia (FM). Theoretical Framework Obesity appears in higher rates in women with fibromyalgia compared to the population at large, and no study to date has taken a qualitative approach to better understand how these women view weight management in relation to their disease and vice versa. Methodology We designed a qualitative interview study with women patients with FM and obesity. Context Women ( N = 15) were recruited by their participation in a fibromyalgia treatment program (FTP) within the year prior. Sample Selection The women approached for the study met the following inclusion criteria: confirmed diagnosis of FM, age between 30 and 60 years ( M = 51 ± 6.27), and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 ( M = 37.88 ± 4.87). Data Collection Patients completed questionnaire data prior to their participation in focus groups ( N = 3), including weight loss history, physical activity data, the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9). Three focus group interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. Analysis and Interpretation Consistent themes were revealed within and between groups. Patients expressed the complex relationships between FM symptoms, daily responsibilities, and weight management. Weight was viewed as an emotionally laden topic requiring compassionate delivery of programming from an empathetic leader who is knowledgeable about fibromyalgia. Patients view themselves as complex and different, requiring a specifically tailored weight management program for women with FM. Main Results Women with FM identify unique barriers to weight management, including the complex interrelationships between symptoms of FM and health behaviors, such as diet and exercise. They prefer a weight management program for women with FM that consists of an in-person, group-based approach with a leader but are open to a tailored conventional weight management program. Feasibility may be one of the biggest barriers to such a program both from an institutional and individual perspective.
On comparing conventional and electrically driven OPC techniques

This paper compares the range of accepted layouts produced by conventional Shape Driven Proximity Correction (SDOPC) and Electrically Driven Optical Proximity Correction (EDOPC). For SDOPC, correction is made until a target geometry matches a layout. In EDOPC, current matching is the primary objective. 1-6 Using electrical objectives results in a smaller fragmentation requirement for an equivalent current accuracy as SDOPC. Number of candidate OPC solutions accepted by EDOPC is orders of magnitude higher than SDOPC leading to potentially much faster convergence. Moreover, due to additional flexibility in EDOPC, it is able to correct several layouts which are not correctable by SDOPC with the same fragmentation.
N-acetyl-cysteine decreases the matrix-degrading capacity of macrophage-derived foam cells: new target for antioxidant therapy?

Background—Atherosclerotic plaque destabilization triggers clinical cardiovascular disease and thus represents an attractive therapeutic target. Weakening of tissue through the action of matrix-degrading enzymes, called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), released by resident macrophages was previously implicated in unstable vascular syndromes. Methods and Results—We used a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model of atherosclerosis to investigate the gelatinolytic activity associated with macrophage-derived foam cells (FCs). Gelatinolytic activity and expression of MMP-9 but not of MMP-2 cosegregated with macrophage FCs in aortic lesions. Macrophage-derived gelatinases were further investigated in vitro. MMP-9 was identified as the main macrophage-derived gelatinase in cells isolated from aortic lesions and from granuloma induced in the same rabbits to increase cell yield. Importantly, detection of activated MMP-9 in the FC culture medium supports the notion that these cells can independently initiate processing ...
Summer Students in Virtual Reality: A Pilot Study on Educational Applications of Virtual Reality Technology.

Publisher Summary Virtual reality (VR) is a new way to use computers. VR eliminates the traditional separation between user and machine, providing more direct and intuitive interaction with information. By wearing a head-mounted audio/visual display, position and orientation sensors, and tactile interface devices, one can actively inhabit an immersive computer-generated environment. One can create virtual worlds and step inside to see, hear, touch, and modify them. Major corporations and companies worldwide are actively exploring the use of the VR technology for a variety of application areas, including telecommunications, arcade and home entertainment, production and assembly management, health care, digital design, and product sales and marketing. VR has been developed during the past 20 years to facilitate learning and performance in high-workload environments in the U.S. Air Force. Flight simulators, which combine physical and computer-generated elements to create task-specific learning environments, have been highly effective in pilot training. Current VR systems provide new capabilities for perceptual expansion, for creative construction, and for unique social interactivity.
Mothers of Adults with Mental Retardation: Is Race a Factor in Perceptions of Burdens and Gratifications?:

The results of this research comparing the perceptions of burdens and gratifications of African American families and Caucasian caregivers of adult sons and daughters with mental retardation indicate that African American families are more likely to provide care within their homes. Regardless of in-home or out-of-home placement, however, African American mothers reported greater satisfaction and more intimacy with their sons and daughters with mental retardation and less burden and conflict than Caucasian mothers. Implications for social work practice and policy are suggested.
Simulation of fixed-bed gas—solid reactors using an adaptive-spline collocation method

Abstract The adaptive spline-collocation method proposed by Ramachandran and Dudukovic (1984) is used to solve the transient problem arising in the operation The method is attractive because of its ability to follow the steep temperature gradients present in the reactor. Results of this application study indicate that this method is well-suited for simulating such reactors when global collocation method fail or require
Biogenous Deep-Sea Sediments: Fractionation by Deep-Sea Circulation

There are two types of marginal seas: the lagoonal type with deep water outflow, and the estuarine type with deep water inflow. Lagoonal basins are characterized by waters that have low nutrient concentrations and high salinity and are well aerated; their sediments are rich in calcium carbonate. Estuarine basins contain waters with high nutrient concentrations, low salinity, and relatively low oxygen values; their sediments are rich in silica and organic matter and tend toward being anaerobic. The Atlantic Ocean is “lagoonal” in that it has a deep water outflow and collects lime on its floor; the Pacific Ocean is “estuarine” with a deep water inflow and silica-rich sediments. The oceanic fractionation of silica from lime through basin-basin exchange of water at different depth levels is due to both supply and preservation patterns. Supply of biogenous precipitates to the ocean floor exceeds influx of solutes to the ocean, requiring dissolution on the ocean floor to maintain steady state. Supply is greatest in estuarine basins. Dissolution of lime proceeds fastest in estuarine basins, which have CO 2 -rich deep waters, whereas dissolution of silica is greatest in lagoonal basins, where the deep water is farthest from saturation because of low dissolved nutrient concentrations. Trace elements may conceivably be affected also by this fractionation mechanism. Some implications for the geological record are discussed.
Curved characteristics behind blast waves.

Exact solutions, expressed in closed form in terms of elementary functions, are presented for the three sets of curved characteristics behind a self‐similar, strong blast wave.
A General Finite Difference Method for Arbitrary Meshes

Abstract A two-dimensional finite-difference technique for irregular meshes is formulated for derivatives up to the second order. The domain in the vicinity of a given central point is broken into eight 45 degree pie shaped segments and the closest finite-difference point in each segment to the center point is noted. By utilizing Taylor series expansions about a central point with a unique averaging process for the points in the four diagonal segments, good approximations to all derivatives up to the second order and including the mixed derivatives are obtained. For square meshes the general derivative expressions for arbitrary meshes which were determined reduce to the usual finite difference formulae. In one example problem the Poisson equation is solved for an irregular mesh. In a second example for the first time a problem with a geometric nonlinearity, namely large deflection response of a flat membrane, is solved with an irregular mesh. The solutions compare very favorably with results obtained previously. Some discussion is given on possible approaches for determination of finite difference derivatives higher than the second.
Practice effects predict cognitive outcome in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective Practice effects on cognitive tests have been shown to further characterize patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and may provide predictive information about cognitive change across time. We tested the hypothesis that a loss of practice effects would portend a worse prognosis in aMCI. Design Longitudinal, observational design following participants across 1 year. Setting Community-based cohort. Participants Three groups of older adults: 1) cognitively intact (n = 57), 2) aMCI with large practice effects across 1 week (MCI + PE, n=25), and 3) aMCI with minimal practice effects across 1 week (MCI − PE, n=26). Measurements Neuropsychological tests. Results After controlling for age and baseline cognitive differences, the MCI − PE group performed significantly worse than the other groups after 1 year on measures of immediate memory, delayed memory, language, and overall cognition. Conclusions Although these results need to be replicated in larger samples, the loss of short-term practice effects portends a worse prognosis in patients with aMCI.
Age models and tephrostratigraphy from two lakes on Adak Island, Alaska

Abstract Radiocarbon-based age models from two lakes on Adak Island, Alaska, were compared using correlated tephra to check the accuracy of the radiocarbon ages and to develop a regional tephrochronology. Andrew and Heart Lakes are located adjacent to and 5 km south of Mt. Moffett on the northern part of Adak Island in the central Aleutian Arc. The downcore trends in radiocarbon ages of macrofossils, the 1963 spike in plutonium ( 239+240 Pu) activity, and a lead ( 210 Pb) profile from Andrew Lake were modeled with smooth spline fits. Tephras were correlated based on magnetic susceptibility, particle morphology, and internal stratigraphy including color and particle size. Of the 19 pure tephras in Heart Lake and 21 in Andrew Lake, ten could be confidently correlated between the two lakes. The composite tephrostratigraphy from the two lakes includes at least 30 unique tephras deposited over 9600 years. Radiocarbon ages obtained from mixed aquatic and terrestrial macrofossils with ages hundreds of years too old were inferred for Heart Lake by correlated tephra ties to the Andrew Lake age model. The eroding tephra-soil deposits that crop out along the banks of Heart Lake, and its large shallow platform, may facilitate remobilization of previously stored sediments. Previous studies on Adak Island of archeological sites and tephra-soil outcrops described five tephras that are correlated with a subset of tephras from the lakes based on stratigraphic succession, inferred age, and physical description. Age-depth models for Heart and Andrew Lakes as well as tephrochronology for Adak Island provide geochronological context for future studies.
Young's modulus evolution and texture-based elastic-inelastic strain partitioning during large uniaxial deformations of monoclinic nickel-titanium

The authors draw upon recent first-principles calculations of monoclinic NiTi elastic constants to develop a combined numerical–empirical, texture-based approach for calculating the Young’s modulus of polycrystalline, monoclinic nickel–titanium specimens. These calculations are carried out for load direction inverse pole figures measured in situ via neutron diffraction during tension–compression deformations to ∼18% true strain, as well as unloading events. As demonstrated by application to this empirical data set, the texture-based approach results in the ability to quantify the evolution of Young’s modulus and to micromechanically partition elastic and inelastic macroscopic strains for the entirety of non-linear and asymmetric uniaxial deformations, a result that had not been achieved previously for a monoclinic material.
On forward and inverse scattering

Abstract The functional relation between elastic total cross sections and interatomic potentials is examined. The forward scattering process is explored by the sensitivity densities δσ( E )/δ V ( R ) and in a similar fashion inverse scattering is probed by the densities δ V ( R )/δσ( E ). Both densities provide valuable information about the relation between structure in the cross section and potential.
High harmonic generation from multiple molecular orbitals

The contribution of the HOMO and HOMO-1 orbitals are observed in high harmonics from N 2 . We discuss the harmonic modulation in the rotational revival structure and present a semi-classical model that reproduces the spectral features.
Eigensolution for large structural systems with substructures

A method for calculating natural frequencies and mode shapes of large structural systems with substructures and the subspace iteration is developed. The method uses only substructural stiffness matrices and the mass matrix for each finite element of the system. The mass matrix for the entire structure or any of its substructures need not be computed. However, efficiency of the method is improved when mass matrix for the entire structure is computed and saved in the computer core. No approximating assumptions are made. Thus, natural frequencies and mode shapes for the finite element model employed are the same with or without the substructuring algorithm. This is demonstrated by computing first ten natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes for an open truss helicopter tail-boom structure.
Morphology of Microtubules Grown in Agarose Gels: Effect of Diffusion and Confinement†

The notion that microtubules (MTs) might serve as active biomolecular nanostructures that can assemble into hierarchical functional networks and systems has held for some time a special allure for bio-nanotechnology researchers. The controlled assembly of active MT-based networks and systems offer great promise in numerous technologies. In recent years there has been an emerging interest in building MT arrays or networks to serve as tracks for kinesin-functionalized micrometer-size cargo such as microcrystals or polymer beads. [1–5] Due to the difficulties encountered in the assembly of such nanoscale tracks, MTs have also been used to serve as transport platforms in kinesin-coated microfluidic channels. [6,7] In addition, MTs have been shown to effectively serve as templates for spatially selective metallization paths. [8] However, the development of effective molecular systems based on MTs is impeded by competition between the natural mixing caused by both diffusion and directional motor-protein transport. Overcoming this mixing problem can be achieved by building MT tracks in media such as gels that retard molecular diffusion. MTs are self-assembling, dynamic, tubular structures composed of polymerized tubulin proteins with nanometer size diameters and large aspect ratios. [9] In the presence of the small molecule guanosine triphosphate (GTP), tubulin monomers form GTP-bound tubulin heterodimers (Tu-GTP). Under suitable conditions, these heterodimers will self-assemble into the MT polymer. MT ends are polarized in that each one exhibits unique and specific biochemical moieties. Dynamic instability is an intrinsic property of MTs. [10] For tubulin concentrations above a critical concentration (Cc), tubulin dimers polymerize into MTs whereas below Cc, MTs depolymerize. Near Cc, MTs undergo apparently random periods of assembly and disassembly. During mitosis, this rapid elongation and shrinkage of MT ends tethered to the kinetochore generate force on the chromosomes. [11] In the presence of MT associated proteins (MAPs), MTs also exhibit different organiza
Modulation of the immune response to ragweed allergens by peptic fragments

Summary Fragments of short ragweed extract were prepared by peptic digestion and fractionated by molecular exclusion chromatography. We focused on fragmenting a ragweed fraction that was enriched for Amb a I. Digestion products in the molecular weight range of 5–15 kD (fSRW) were examined for their antigenic, immunogenic and immunosuppressive properties. fSRW was poorly immunogenic and unable to induce ragweed-specific PCA reactions in rat skin or to bind to anti-ragweed IgG antibodies. Intravenous administration of fSRW either prior to or after intraperitoneal immunization with a ragweed preparation resulted in a significant suppression of the immune response. T cells isolated from lymph nodes of mice immunized with ragweed were stimulated by fSRW in a lymphoproliferation assay. Moreover, T cells from mice injected with fSRW were immunosuppressive when transferred into mice immunized with intact ragweed antigens. Our data demonstrate that peptic fragments (fSRW) of ragweed lack B-cell determinants while retaining their T-cell immunoregulatory properties. Potentially these peptides are less likely to cause adverse reactions in allergen sensitive patients and thus offer a new approach to allergen immunotherapy.
Fate of intravenously administered high-density lipoprotein labeled with radioiodinated cholesteryl oleate in normal and hypolipidemic rats

Radioiodinated cholesteryl oleate (125I-CO) was found to associate rapidly with plasma lipoproteins following intravenous administration to rats. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction was observed to contain the highest amount of radioiodinated ester. Isolation and purification of this HDL fraction (125I-CO-HDL) and subsequent administration to rats demonstrated a plasma clearance similar to that previously observed for HDL labeled by direct iodination. Moreover, the concentration of radioactivity appearing in the adrenal cortex and ovary 0.5 h after intravenous administration of 125I-CO-HDL was greater than that observed after administration of 125I-CO, and the uptake of radioactivity by these tissues was considerably greater in hypolipidemic rats. These findings are consistent with existing knowledge relating to the metabolic fate of HDL and radioiodinated cholesterol derivatives in the rat, and suggest that radioiodinated cholesteryl esters may become useful probes for labeling lipoproteins.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Can Lower Amyloidogenic Aß42 by Inhibiting Rho

A subset of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to preferentially reduce the secretion of the highly amyloidogenic, 42-residue amyloid-beta peptide Abeta42. We found that Rho and its effector, Rho-associated kinase, preferentially regulated the amount of Abeta42 produced in vitro and that only those NSAIDs effective as Rho inhibitors lowered Abeta42. Administration of Y-27632, a selective Rock inhibitor, also preferentially lowered brain levels of Abeta42 in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the Rho-Rock pathway may regulate amyloid precursor protein processing, and a subset of NSAIDs can reduce Abeta42 through inhibition of Rho activity.
On the influence of non-steadiness on the thickness of the detonation wave.

Wave motion nonsteadyness influence on detonation front thickness using quasi-steady kinetic model of induction process, discussing agreement with experimental observations
Long-Term Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Charleston Pouch I Continent Cutaneous Urinary Diversion

Purpose: Charleston pouch I continent cutaneous urinary diversion has been used since 1989. We evaluated the long-term results of this procedure in 201 consecutive patients.Materials and Methods: The records of patients treated with the Charleston pouch I between 1989 and 2005 at 3 university hospitals were reviewed. Available data on age, sex, indications for diversion, comorbidity, followup duration, continence status, short-term and long-term complications, quality of life issues, and laboratory, radiological and urodynamic data were recorded. Patients were followed at 6-month intervals.Results: Followup was 14 to 136 months. Seven adults died in the 90-day postoperative period, and 21 (10.8%) and 51 (26%) patients had early and late complications, respectively. The interval between clean intermittent catheterizations was 2 to 8 hours. Mean capacity was 470 ml (range 250 to 1,300). At 12 months diurnal continence was achieved in 98% of the patients. A total of 98 patients (50.5%) needed night catheteri...