cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Latino Design in an Age of Neoliberal Multiculturalism: Contemporary Changes in Latin/o American Urban Cultural Representation

This article considers an emerging shift in Latino cultural politics of design representation and urbanism. To illustrate this shift, I include interviews with designers whose imaginative and geographic locations across the Americas have fostered a global attitude that challenges previous Latino designs that follow nationalist cultural politics of differentiation and are shaped by neoliberal multicultural imperatives. This article serves as an analytical study for scholars interested in understanding the ways in which cultural difference is included in a creative industry that has a large role to play in the configuration, evaluation, and theorization of poor, urban, and ethnic spaces. In particular, this article stimulates a debate about the different modes of incorporating Latino culture in design and generates future discussion on how to achieve more inclusive urban representations.
Comparison of the Fourier transform and flip-flop thin-film synthesis methods

The inverse Fourier transform and flip-flop thin-film synthesis methods are compared and contrasted. Modifications to the flip-flop method are described which make it useful even for the solution of problems that require a large overall film thickness. The two methods were applied to a number of difficult problems. They yielded solutions that were different but of equivalent performance.
Acetonitrile shortage: Use of isopropanol as an alternative elution system for ultra/high performance liquid chromatography

Acetonitrile is a choice of solvent for almost all chromatographic separations. In recent years, researchers around the globe faced acetonitrile shortage that affected routine analytical operations. Researchers tried to counter this shortage by applying many innovative solutions, including using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) columns that are shorter and smaller in diameter than traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns, thus significantly decreasing the volume of eluent required. Although utilizing UPLC in place of HPLC can alleviate the solvent demand to some extent, acetonitrile is generally thought of as the solvent of choice due to its versatility. In the following communication, we describe an alternative eluent system that uses isopropanol in place of acetonitrile as an organic modifier for routine chromatographic separations. We report here the development of an isopropanol based UPLC protocol for G5 PAMAM dendrimer based conjugates that was transferred to semi-preparative scale to purify functionalized forms of the dendrimer (50 mg).
SELF-CONCEPTIONS, AGENCY, AND THE VALUE OF INDIVIDUAL PERSONS

Few moral criticisms cut deeper than the allegation that one is not being treated as a person. Sometimes these criticisms give voice to our indignation at the ways in which others fail to accord us the basic respect to which all human beings are entitled. People are not mere objects to be manipulated to serve one’s personal or other ends, and if we are not deficient in self-respect, we resent others’ failure to acknowledge our equal worth as persons and to treat us accordingly. But using another is only one way of failing to treat another as a person. Complaints that one is not being treated as a person are frequently lodged against the institutionalized practices of modern bureaucratic society, for example, and, typically, the way in which bureaucracies fail to respect persons is through their impersonality. We may feel that, even if we are not being used, we are not being treated as the particular persons we are, which is how we are entitled to be treated at least sometimes by some people. Treating others as particular persons may just be what treating others as persons requires, in some instances.
Least-square synthesis of radar ambiguity functions

The synthesis of radar ambiguity functions is approached by minimizing the integrated square error between an arbitrary desired function and a realizable ambiguity function. The approximation is carried out via an orthonormal signal basis which generates an "induced basis" over the time-frequency plane consisting of all pair-wise cross-ambiguity functions of the signal basis. The minimum mean-square error and the corresponding signal are determined through an eigenvalue problem for 1) approximation by complex autoambiguity function and 2) approximation by complex cross-ambiguity function. A new form of the realizability theorem shows that the conditions for cross-ambiguity functions differ from those for autoambiguity functions only in the absence of the symmetry condition: F(\tau, \omega) = F^{\ast}(-\tau, -\omega) . Moreover, the approximations by cross- and autoambiguity functions coincide whenever the desired function has the above symmetry. When an ambiguity function realizable by a known signal is to be approximated on a finite basis, least-square approximation in signal space or in ambiguity-function space leads to equivalent results. The relation between the mean-square errors in the two spaces is obtained. For the phase incoherent radar case an iteration procedure is presented for successively modifying the arbitrary phase assigned to the desired function. Convergence is proved in the sense that the error is nonincreasing at each stage of the iteration, but arrival at the best approximation to the desired magnitude is not guaranteed. As an aid in numerical applications, a formulation based on a discrete sample grid in the time-frequency plane is derived. With the appropriate grid dimensions, the analytic procedures carry over directly into sampled-data representation.
Chemical Composition, Carcass Yield and Tenderness of Broilers as Influenced by Rearing Methods and Genetic Strains

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of cage and floor rearing and strains as well as the rearing of sexes separately or in equal numbers on chemical composition, yield and tenderness. The sexed birds were processed at 6, 7 and 8 weeks of age with measurements made at these ages. The shear values from the iliotibialis of the males were higher than those of the same muscle from the female. This difference in shear values was the only one noted. The second slice of the pectoralis muscle from birds reared in cages produced lower shear values than the corresponding slice from floor reared birds. The shear values from the broilers reared separately by sex or combined were influenced by both the sex of the individual bird as well as rearing method. Shear values from males grown separately were lower than those obtained from the females or those values from birds grown with equal numbers of sexes per pen. Shear values from the 8 week old broilers were lower than either 6 or 7 week old birds. The highest values were obtained from the 7 week old broilers. Females had a higher percentage of total meat as well as a greater meat-to-bone ratio for light meat, but no statistical difference was found between sexes for the dark meat portions. Yield of the sex separated birds increased as they increased in age.
CrossMotion: Fusing Device and Image Motion for User Identification, Tracking and Device Association

Identifying and tracking people and mobile devices indoors has many applications, but is still a challenging problem. We introduce a cross-modal sensor fusion approach to track mobile devices and the users carrying them. The CrossMotion technique matches the acceleration of a mobile device, as measured by an onboard internal measurement unit, to similar acceleration observed in the infrared and depth images of a Microsoft Kinect v2 camera. This matching process is conceptually simple and avoids many of the difficulties typical of more common appearance-based approaches. In particular, CrossMotion does not require a model of the appearance of either the user or the device, nor in many cases a direct line of sight to the device. We demonstrate a real time implementation that can be applied to many ubiquitous computing scenarios. In our experiments, CrossMotion found the person's body 99% of the time, on average within 7cm of a reference device position.
The Single-Fiber Collision Rate and Filtration Efficiency for Nanoparticles II: Extension to Arbitrary-Shaped Particles

We extend the equations for the dimensionless collision kernel and filtration efficiency, attained previously via mean first-passage time (MFPT) calculations, to particles of arbitrary shape. Specifically, we show that the regression equations for the dimensionless collision rate found considering particle-fiber collisions driven by simultaneous diffusion and interception remain valid for non-spherical particles, provided that an appropriate collision length scale for the non-spherical particle (L) is defined and incorporated into the definitions of the dimensionless collision rate (H) and the diffusive Knudsen number (KnD). Regression equations are provided to calculate this length scale for quasifractal aggregates of varying fractal dimension, as well as cylinders. MFPT calculations reveal that, over ∼5 orders of magnitude in H, these regression equations for the collision length are valid. Furthermore, using the previously attained proportionality between the predicted dimensionless collision rate and ...
Solution adaptive grid strategies based on point redistribution

Solution adaptive grid strategies based on the redistribution of a fixed number of points are described in this paper. The redistribution is performed using weight functions that vary based on significant flow features. The weight functions are evaluated using an equidistribution principle. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the development of weight functions applicable to compressible flows exhibiting large scale separated vortical flows, vortex‐vortex and vortex‐surface interactions, separated shear layers and multiple shocks of diAerent intensities. Algebraic, elliptic and parabolic methods of grid generation have been utilized for structured grid redistribution. Additionally, a point movement scheme is presented for generalized (structured/unstructured/hybrid) grid adaptation. Computer Aided Geometry Design (CAGD) techniques are combined with redistribution schemes to maintain the fidelity of solid boundaries. In particular, solid boundaries are represented using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). A grid generation software system ‐ Parallel Multiblock Adaptive Grid generation (PMAG) ‐ using an elliptic redistribution scheme is also described with emphasis placed on the parallel implementation for multiblock structured grids with unstructured blocking topologies and on interpolation issues. Computational examples demonstrating the influence of diAerent weight functions and grid redistribution strategies are presented. ” 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
Proteinuria in membranous lupus nephritis: the pathology is in the podocyte.

BackgroundPatients with membranous lupus glomerulonephritis (MLN) can present with a broad range of urine protein excretion. The glomerular lesion underlying this functional abnormality has been presumed to be immune complexes which aggregate in the subepithelial area. However, the amount of proteinuria often fails to correlate with the quantity of immune deposits demonstrable on fluorescent and electron microscopy. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of alterations of the morphologic components of the glomerular capillary wall with the amount of proteinuria in MLN.DesignWe conducted a retrospective clinicopathologic study of patients with lupus nephritis (n = 236). In those with pure MLN and proteinuria (n = 20), the degree of immune aggregates in the capillary walls and mesangium was detailed using fluorescent and electron microscopy. The degree of foot process effacement (FPE) was detailed using electron microscopy.ResultEleven patients had nephrotic range proteinuria (≥3 g protei...
Effective and Efficient Memory Protection Using Dynamic Tainting

Programs written in languages allowing direct access to memory through pointers often contain memory-related faults, which cause nondeterministic failures and security vulnerabilities. We present a new dynamic tainting technique to detect illegal memory accesses. When memory is allocated, at runtime, we taint both the memory and the corresponding pointer using the same taint mark. Taint marks are then propagated and checked every time a memory address m is accessed through a pointer p; if the associated taint marks differ, an illegal access is reported. To allow always-on checking using a low overhead, hardware-assisted implementation, we make several key technical decisions. We use a configurable, low number of reusable taint marks instead of a unique mark for each allocated area of memory, reducing the performance overhead without losing the ability to target most memory-related faults. We also define the technique at the binary level, which helps handle applications using third-party libraries whose source code is unavailable. We created a software-only prototype of our technique and simulated a hardware-assisted implementation. Our results show that 1) it identifies a large class of memory-related faults, even when using only two unique taint marks, and 2) a hardware-assisted implementation can achieve performance overheads in single-digit percentages.
Acoustic and Elastic Properties of PZT Ceramics with Anisotropic Pores

It has been shown that anisotropic porosity in PZT reduces the d31/d33, ratio, raising the hydrostatic piezoelectric response of PZT significantly. In the present work, this behavior is related to Poisson's ratio by applying the Gibbs thermodynamic energy function, literature data for dense PZT ceramics and for materials with hexagonal crystal symmetry, and experimental results for PZT with anisotropic porosity. Acoustic as well as mechanical tests of PZT ceramics with anisotropic pores demonstrate the elastic anisotropies that cause the reduction in Poisson's ratio. The dependence of d31/d33 on Poisson's ratio is also detailed. In addition, a close relation between d31/d33 and the longitudinal acoustic velocity is demonstrated. Flexural strength tests indicate that anisotropic pores provide dhn-enhanced PZT ceramics with significantly greater strength than isotropic pores.
UBP43 is a novel regulator of interferon signaling independent of its ISG15 isopeptidase activity.

Interferons (IFNs) regulate diverse cellular functions through activation of the Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway. Lack of Ubp43, an IFN-inducible ISG15 deconjugating enzyme, leads to IFN hypersensitivity in ubp43−/− mice, suggesting an important function of Ubp43 in downregulation of IFN responses. Here, we show that Ubp43 negatively regulates IFN signaling independent of its isopeptidase activity towards ISG15. Ubp43 functions specifically for type I IFN signaling by downregulating the JAK–STAT pathway at the level of the IFN receptor. Using molecular, biochemical, and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that Ubp43 specifically binds to the IFNAR2 receptor subunit and inhibits the activity of receptor-associated JAK1 by blocking the interaction between JAK and the IFN receptor. These data implicate Ubp43 as a novel in vivo inhibitor of signal transduction pathways that are specifically triggered by type I IFN.
A new empirical model of a sunspot umbra

A model for the T, τ-relation in the umbra of a sunspot is derived from the observed infrared continuous limb darkening of the spots' umbrae.
Jets, structured outflows and energy injection in gamma-ray burst afterglows: numerical modelling

We investigate numerically the ability of three models (jet, structured outflow and energy injection) to accommodate the optical light-curve breaks observed in 10 gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows (980519, 990123, 990510, 991216, 000301c, 000926, 010222, 011211, 020813 and 030226), as well as the relative intensities of the radio, optical and X-ray emissions of these afterglows. We find that the jet and structured outflow models fare much better than energy injection model in accommodating the multiwavelength data of the above 10 afterglows. For the first two models, a uniform circumburst medium provides a better fit to the optical light-curve break than a wind-like medium with a r -2 stratification. However, in the only two cases where the energy injection model may be at work, a wind medium is favoured (an energy injection is also possible in a third case, the afterglow 970508, whose optical emission exhibited a sharp rise, but not a steepening decay). The best-fitting parameters obtained with the jet model indicate an outflow energy of 2 × 10 50 to 6 x 11 50 ergs and a jet opening of 2 - 3°. Structured outflows with a quasi-uniform core have a core angular size of 0.°7-1° and an energy per solid angle of 0.5 x 10 53 to 3 x 10 53 erg sr -1 , surrounded by an envelope where this energy falls off roughly as θ -2 with angle from the outflow axis, requiring thus the same energy budget as jets. Circumburst densities are found to be typically in the range 0.1-1 cm -3 , for either model. We also find that the reverse shock emission resulting from the injection of ejecta into the decelerating blast wave at about 1 d after the burst can explain the slowly decaying radio light curves observed for the afterglows 990123, 991216 and 010222.
Proton MR spectroscopy with choline peak as malignancy marker improves positive predictive value for breast cancer diagnosis: preliminary study.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in patients with suspicious lesions or biopsy-proved cancers at MR imaging by using histologic findings as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: After institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study, breast MR spectroscopy was performed in patients with suspicious or biopsy-proved malignant lesions measuring 1 cm or larger at MR imaging. Single-voxel MR spectroscopy data were collected from a single rectangular volume of interest that encompassed the lesion. MR spectroscopy findings were defined as positive if the signal-to-noise ratio of the choline resonance peak was greater than or equal to 2 and as negative in all other cases. MR spectroscopy findings were then compared with histologic findings. Results: A total of 56 patients (age range, 20–77 years) with 57 lesions were imaged. The median lesion size at MR imaging was 2.3 cm (range, 1–15...
On Claims That Answer the Wrong Questions

Anderson, Reder, and Simon (1996) contested four propositions that they incorrectly called “claims of situated learning.” This response argues that the important differences between situative and cognitive perspectives are not addressed by discussion of these imputed claims. Instead, there are significant differences in the framing assumptions of the two perspectives. I clarify these differences by inferring questions to which Anderson et al.'s discussion provided answers, by identifying presuppositions of those questions made by Anderson et al., and by stating the different presuppositions and questions that I believe are consistent with the situative perspective. The evidence given by Anderson et al. is compatible with the framing assumptions of situativity; therefore, deciding between the perspectives will involve broader considerations than those presented in their article. These considerations include expectations about which framework offers the better prospect for developing a unified scientific ac...
Measurement of die stress distributions in flip chip CBGA packaging

On-chip piezoresistive stress sensors represent a unique approach for characterizing stresses in silicon die embedded within complicated packaging architectures. In this work, we have used test chips containing such sensors to measure the stresses induced in microprocessor die after various steps of the assembly process, as well as the stress changes occurring due to thermal cycling. The utilized (111) silicon sensor rosettes were able to measure the complete three-dimensional stress state (all 6 stress components) at each sensor site being monitored by the data acquisition hardware. The test chips had dimensions of 20 × 20 mm, and 3600 lead free solder interconnects (full area array) were used to connect the chips to high CTE ceramic chip carriers.
Porous rice powder from the precipitation of gelatinized flour or starch paste with ethanol

Hot paste obtained by autoclaving (1308C, 25 psi, 20–30 min) a 5–7% w/w rice flour or starch slurry was precipitated with ethanol (three extractions) to produce a dry, porous, pregelatinized powder with an average particle size of 75.0 mm (flour-derived powder) and 41.6 mm (starch-derived powder). The microstructure of the individual particles was characterized by an interconnecting lattice of irregularly shaped vesicles, and with cavities of varying size and shape. The vesicular network was relatively thinner and finer for the starch-derived products compared with the flour-derived ones. In comparison with native flour and starch, the bulk density of pregelatinized powders decreased; solvent uptake (water, oil, and alcohol), swelling power, and in vitro starch digestibility increased; whereas, gel consistency, freeze–thaw stability, and AAM content sparingly changed. Changes in morphological and physicochemical properties were generally more evident on the starch-derived products compared with the flour-derived counterparts. To some extent, changes in properties were also affected by severity of the gelatinization treatment (varying slurry concentration and autoclaving duration). The pregelatinized rice products as developed may be useful in food and nonfood applications.
CLITELLOCEPHALUS AMERICANUS N. GEN., N. SP. (APICOMPLEXA: EUGREGARINIDA: GREGARINIDAE) FROM CRATACANTHUS DUBIUS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: HARPALINAE) IN THE NEBRASKA SANDHILLS AND CLITELLOCEPHALUS OPHONI N. COMB. (APICOMPLEXA: EUGREGARINIDA: GREGARINIDAE) FROM OPHONUS PUBESCENS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: HARPALINAE) IN SÈTE, FRANCE

Clitellocephalus americanus n. gen., n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida: Gregarinidae) is described from Cratacanthus dubius (Coleoptera: Carabidae) collected from Keith County in the Sandhills of western Nebraska. Clitellocephalus ophoni n. comb. is redescribed using original type material from Ophonus pubescens (Coleoptera: Carabidae) collected in Sete, France. Clitellocephalus n. gen. is distinguished by a deltoid epimerite with an internal anterior obconoid structure and a basal toroidal vacuole, which is retained in gamonts. Protomerites are broadly elliptical to cylindrical; deutomerites are narrowly obovate. Association is precocious, caudofrontal, and biassociative, with the satellite protomerite engulfing the posterior end of the primite deutomerite to form an interlock. Gametocysts are spherical. Sporoducts are present but reduced and irregular in number. Oocysts are dolioform, dehiscing in chains. The species described herein are differentiated by their overall size and relative proportion of cellular structures.
Use of the Ommaya reservoir in the prevention and treatment of CNS leukemia—an update

The prophylaxis of the CNS in ALL with intraventricular methotrexate therapy via an Ommaya reservoir in 18 patients resulted in a reduction of the CNS relapse rate to 11% with a 6–10+ year follow-up. This procedure proved to be safe and effective in our hands, but with newer, equally effective and less invasive methods of CNS prophylaxis now available, its use is no longer indicated. Intraventricular therapy via the Ommaya reservoir was also evaluated for its role in improving CNS remission duration after a leukemic recurrence in the CSF. The treatment of CNS relapse with intraventricular chemotherapy and low dose (600r) neuraxis radiation is encouraging. Of the ten patients treated for CNS leukemia, three are long-term (8–11+ years) survivors. Isolated CNS relapse occurred in three. The median CNS disease-free survival and the median relapse-free survival are 39 months and 21 months respectively.
Differences in cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons are programmed by breast- versus formula-feeding.

We estimated the effects of breast- and formula- feeding on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism for 1.5 years af- ter weaning in 35 newborn baboons that were breast-fed (n = 12) or fed one of two formulas with high (n = 11) or low (n = 12) polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fatty acid composi- tion. Infants were weaned at 15 weeks to a high cholesterol, satu- rated fat diet. Because formula P/S ratio did not affect any varia- ble for 1.5 years after weaning, the data were averaged for the two formula groups. After weaning, serum cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations among the infant diet groups were not different until after 52 weeks of age. From 70 to 97 weeks of age, serum cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-:! (HDL2)-cholesterol (HDL,-C) concentrations were lower (P < 0.04) among baboons that were breast-fed as infants compared with those fed formulas. We observed no significant postweaning differences in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, HDL& or serum apolipoprotein A-I, B, or E con- centrations. At 97 weeks of age baboons that were breast-fed un- til 15 weeks compared with those formula-fed had a 25% lower total bile acid synthetic rate (36.6 vs. 48.6 pmollday per kg body weight, P < 0.02) due principally to a 29% lower cholic acid synthetic rate (23.2 vs. 32.5 pmol/day per kg body weight, P c 0.004). Baboons breast-fed as infants had a 44% higher hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA concentration than those formula-fed (1.45 vs. 1.01 pg mRNA/pg total RNA, P < 0.003). These results suggest that breast- versus formula-feeding in baboons imprints differences in bile acid syn- thesis, regulation of LDL receptor expression, and HDL-C sub- fraction concentrations.-Mott, G. E., E. M. Jackson, L. DeLallo, D. S. Lewis, and C. A. McMahan. Differences in cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons are programmed by breast- versus formula-feeding. J. Lipid Res. 1995. 36: 299-307.
Internet Access to Court Records: Balancing Public Access and Privacy

Federal and state courts across the country are becoming publicly accessible as never before. Growing reliance on computer technology generally and on the Internet specifically, has made the prospect of placing court case records and information online via the Internet a reality. Yet as courts around the country are discovering, difficult policy questions arise as courts move from paper to electronic records, move beyond providing online access to court calendars and docket information, and begin making case files themselves available over the Internet. This article addresses the current debate between public access and privacy in courts around the country as many courts begin providing Internet access to court docket information and case records.
An unmanned aerial vehicle for localization of radio-tagged sturgeon: Design and first test results

Radio tags have long been used for localizing and tracking wildlife for biological studies and for wildlife management. Tagged animals are often tracked from the air requiring wildlife scientists to charter small aircraft and fly over the environment under study; a process that is slow, expensive, and poses a substantial safety risk. This paper describes how we have integrated a radio tag telemetry receiver into an inexpensive unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that we have developed based on a commercial radio-controlled (RC) model aircraft. We have successfully demonstrated localization of fish tags placed on land at known locations on a flying field, both individual tags and two tags. We have also localized a tag anchored underwater in an ice-covered lake. The design of the UAV and the field test results are presented in this paper.
Performance-Index Functions in Networked Control Systems With Disturbance and Noise

This paper presents performance-index functions (PIFs) in networked control systems (NCSs) with disturbance and noise using nonlinear approximations. Based on experimental data, exponential and polynomial approximations are formulated to describe the system performance versus frequency and disturbance. Approximation methods can be used to estimate the amount of disturbance at a given frequency. Once the frequency and the magnitude of disturbance are determined, the optimal sampling frequency can be calculated from PIFs. The exponential and polynomial approximation techniques can be used for an NCS to run within an allowable performance level using PIFs with minimizing the system bandwidth utilization (BU). In this paper, a DC motor speed control system through network is used as an example. From experimental data, the coefficients for exponential and polynomial approximation equations are calculated using a trust-region algorithm and a linear least squares algorithm, respectively. Although the exponential method traces the experimental data better than the polynomial one, it will also take up more resources in real time and may degrade the NCS performance if its calculation time takes more than the allowable time for a given sampling period. Thus a balance between cost and performance should be maintained.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
2D and 3D Multiscale Computational Modeling of Dynamic Microorgan Devices as Drug Screening Platforms

The ability to incorporate three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte-laden hydrogel constructs using layered fabrication approaches into devices that can be perfused with drugs enables the creation of dynamic microorgan devices (DMDs) that offer an optimal analog of the in vivo liver metabolism scenario. The dynamic nature of such in vitro metabolism models demands reliable numerical tools to determine the optimum process, material, and geometric parameters for the most effective metabolic conversion of the perfused drug into the liver microenvironment. However, there is a current lack of literature that integrates computational approaches to guide the optimum design of such devices. The groundwork of the present numerical study has been laid by our previous study [1], where the authors modeled in 2D an in vitro DMD of arbitrary dimensions and identified the modeling challenges towards meaningful results. These constructs are hosted in the chamber of the microfluidic device serving as walls of the microfluidic array of channels through which a fluorescent drug substrate is perfused into the microfluidic printed channel walls at a specified volumetric flow rate assuring Stokes flow conditions (Re<<1). Due to the porous nature of the hydrogel walls, a metabolized drug product is collected at the outlet port. A rigorous FEM based modeling approach is presented for a single channel parallel model geometry (1 free flow channel with 2 porous walls), where the hydrodynamics, mass transfer and pharmacokinetics equations are solved numerically in order to yield the drug metabolite concentration profile at the DMD outlet. The fluid induces shear stresses are assessed both in 3D, with only 27 cells modeled as single compartment voids, where all of the enzymatic reactions are assumed to take place. In this way, the mechanotransduction effect that alters the hepatocyte metabolic activity is assessed for a small scale model. This approach overcomes the numerical limitations imposed by the cell density (∼1012 cells/m3) of the large scale DMD device. In addition, a compartmentalization technique is proposed in order to assess the metabolism process at the subcellular level. The numerical results are validated with experiments to reveal the robustness of the proposed modeling approach and the necessity of scaling the numerical results by preserving dynamic and biochemical similarity between the small and large scale model.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Streptomycin in the treatment of Leptospira carriers; experiments with hamsters and dogs.

ConclusionsThe data here presented prove that chronic renal infections with leptospira in hamsters and dogs may be successfully cured with streptomycin. Although penicillin, as well as streptomycin, effectively influences the leptospiremia in experimental infections in guinea pigs, mice and hamsters, only streptomycin is capable of destroying the organisms found in the convoluted tubules.Canine leptospirosis is usually treated after the parasite has already disappeared from the blood. Obviously, penicillin is of little value. Streptomycin in oil and wax in a daily dose of 40 mg per kilo given intramuscularly should be used in the treatment of acute and chronic canine leptospirosis. In fact, this antibiotic may be employed in the prevention of this destructive disease in dogs. It is recommended that the urine of all dogs intended for breeding be examined for leptospira, and when infection is found, the dogs should be treated for 3 to 5 days with streptomycin a few days before the act of breeding.
Sensor Based Path Planning in Highly Constrained Environments for Agile Autonomous Vehicles

This paper presents at a class of new methods which explore and describe an unstructured environment according to the free space as seen by a vehicle within the environment. The proposed methods use such sensor-based information to present a safe, goal-seeking path through the environment. The methods are suitable to both online, reactive pathnding and obstacle avoidance as well as online or offline global navigation and goal-seeking behaviours. Experimental results on ground vehicles and in simulation are presented to demonstrate the path-planning capabilities of the proposed methods.
Incisional and Parastomal Hernia following Radical Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion: The University of Southern California Experience

Purpose: Hernia is a common complication following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. We investigated the clinical and radiological evidence for parastomal and incisional hernias, and their risk factors in a large cohort.Materials and Methods: Using an institutional review board approved prospective database we reviewed the records of 1,101 patients who underwent radical cystectomy from 2003 to 2013. Followup (median 57 months) was available for 670 patients. Of the 670 patients 92 underwent ileal conduit diversion using Turnbull stomas with a median followup 34 months. Patients were followed with computerized tomography cancer surveillance. Standardized criteria were used to define parastomal and incisional hernias by an expert radiologist. Multivariate logistic regression was done to identify independent predictors.Results: Parastomal hernia was diagnosed in 21 of 92 patients (23%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 76.5 years. Incisional hernia was present in 125 of 670 patients (18.7%) with a mean...
Crisis Management—An Imperative For Schools

This chapter discusses various aspects of Crisis Management in the context of schools. Indeed, because messes always have a high potential for crises, Crisis Management is thereby an integral component of our ability to manage TEM.
Improving fingerprint sensor interoperability using sensor agnostic image transformation

The increased use of fingerprint recognition systems has brought the issue of fingerprint sensor interoperability to the forefront. Fingerprint sensor interoperability refers to the process of matching fingerprints collected from different sensors. Variability in the fingerprint image is introduced due to the differences in acquisition technology and interaction with the sensor. The effect of sensor interoperability on performance of minutiae based matchers was examined in this research. Fingerprints from 190 participants were collected on nine different fingerprint sensors which included optical, capacitive, and thermal acquisition technologies and touch, and swipe interaction types. Analysis results from testing original fingerprint images showed a higher rate of errors for matching fingerprints from multiple sensors. A sensor agnostic image transformation method is being developed to reduce the number of errors that arise due to interoperability of fingerprint sensors.
A distributed double-balanced dual-gate FET mixer

A double-balanced dual-gate FET mixer, which is very insensitive to DC bias and RF termination variations, has been fabricated using monolithic circuit technology. The unique approach requires only one balun (balance-unbalance converter), which can be either active or passive and exhibits excellent decade-band performance with overlapping frequency response on all ports. It is concluded that this device can be used as a broadband upconverter as well as a conventional mixer in a variety of receiver applications. In addition, since the mixer is completely balanced, the IF frequency response can overlay the LO (local oscillator) or RF responses which usually can only be accomplished with a double-double balanced structure. >
Long-term effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections on intraocular pressure.

Objective: There is a substantial debate in the ophthalmology community about whether anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections result in a long-term increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). Design: We performed a retrospective study to investigate how the number and timing of intravitreal injections in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) affect IOP over time. Methods: We collected long-term IOP data on patients receiving anti-VEGF injections at our institution. Patients over the age of 40 years who received injections for AMD (n = 76) or DME (n = 55) were included. Patients were grouped according to indication as well as number of injections received (1–3, 4–6, 7–9, or 10+ injections). IOP measurements were then placed into time points (0–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24, or 24+ months) and compared to the preinjection average IOP. Results: For patients with DME, average preinjection IOP was 15.7 mmHg. At 24+ months after injection, the average IOP was 15.2 (P = 0.68) for patients receiving 1–3 injections, 16.8 (P = 0.23) for 4–6 injections, and 14.4 (P = 0.66) for 7–9 injections. For patients with AMD, average initial IOP was 15.6 mmHg. At 24+ months after injection, the average IOP was 12.6 (P = 0.97) for 1–3 injections, 14.9 (P = 0.96) for 4–6 injections, 14.8 (P = 0.84) for 7–9 injections, and 15.7 (P = 0.56) for 10+ injections. Conclusions: There was no increase in IOP over time for AMD or DME patients, regardless of how many injections they received. For patients receiving unilateral injections, there was no increase in IOP in the injected eye when compared to the noninjected eye.
Universal screening to promote early identification of developmental delays: exploring childcare providers’ beliefs and practices

Despite the availability of tools for conducting universal developmental screening, only a fraction of children who could benefit from early intervention services are actually identified before reaching school age. Childcare providers are in a unique position to enhance early identification efforts. A web-based survey was distributed to all licensed childcare providers (centre- and family-based) throughout one Midwestern state to learn about their beliefs and practices associated with universal screening. Preliminary results, based on 1565 responses, indicate that only 16.3% of licensed childcares are conducting developmental screening. However, 54% reported believing it to be part of their role. In addition to this discrepancy, beliefs about their role in developmental screening were also related to other practices that are associated with early identification efforts. Implications and suggestions for practice and policy changes related to early, universal developmental screening in childcare are...
Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. IV. Interaction of various compounds with different forms of cytochrome P-450 and the effect on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in vitro.

The phenomena of increased type II binding, measured by pyridine interaction with oxidized cytochrome P-450 in vitro , and of decreased type I binding, determined by hexobarbital combination with oxidized P-450 in vitro , are related to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by aromatic hydrocarbons in genetically responsive mice and do not occur in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated genetically nonresponsive mice. A method for determining specific binding between P-450 and compounds absorbing in the 350-450 nm region is described. Various lipophilic compounds preferentially inhibit the hydroxylase activity from control or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated genetically nonresponsive mice, whereas other compounds selectively block the 3-methylcholanthrene-induced enzyme activity. By observing the preferential inhibition of one or the other form of hydroxylase activity, one may be able to determine the form of cytochrome P-450 with which a given compound binds. Hence we suggest that α-naphthoflavone, β-naphthoflavone, 2,5-diphenyloxazole, and lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) interact with a spectrally distinct type a species of P-450, the formation of which is associated with hydroxylase induction by aromatic hydrocarbons. Phenylimidazoles, 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenyl valerate HCl (SKF 525-A), metyrapone, 2,2-bis( p -chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, 17β-estradiol , δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cholecalciferol, pyridine, n -octylamine, and aniline inhibit aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity by competing with benzo[ a ]pyrene at a type b P-450 active site. A third class of compounds inhibits both type a and b hydroxylase activities equally, and a fourth class of compounds does not affect either form of the enzyme system. Hexachlorobenzene, α- and β-naphthoflavone, 2,5-diphenyloxazole, lindane, and derivatives of 2-phenylbenzothiazole interact differently with the hepatic enzyme in phenobarbital-treated mice and in control mice. In microsomes from mouse kidney and from rat liver or kidney, the control and 3-methylcholanthrene- or phenobarbital-inducible hydroxylase activities are preferentially inhibited by many of these same compounds in the same manner, indicating that the two forms of the enzyme active site are probably the same in the liver and kidney of the mouse and rat.
Component Swapping Modularity for Distributed Precision Contouring

Prior works use numerical simulations to verify component swapping modularity (CSM) for various systems. Moreover, current CSM algorithms do not investigate control parameter allocation for a realistic control configuration when the control consists of multiple parts. Thus, this work primarily focuses on presenting and experimentally validating an empirical methodology to allocate and calibrate various parts of the controller to improve CSM in a precision multiaxis servo-system. As a secondary contribution, the concept of the modified reference contour is introduced to simplify control allocation and to improve the modularity of the cross-coupling control (CCC), which is utilized to achieve high-precision contouring. First, the unified linear CCC algorithm is presented for multiaxis servo-systems. Initially, the sensitivity of the contouring algorithm versus the control parameters is studied numerically. Then, empirical calibration and sensitivity analysis are conducted to obtain the optimal set of control parameters. Hence, the lowest feasible contour error is obtained for possible configurations of the servo-system. It is shown that the results of the empirical analysis are consistent with those of the numerical analysis. Despite dramatic differences between the servo-system variants, experimental results show that full CSM is achieved with the same controller for the variants of the servo-system.
High fat diet influences T cell homeostasis and macrophage phenotype to maintain chronic inflammation

Over the past 20 years obesity has become a global health problem affecting the life expectancy of people at epidemic proportions. Obesity is characterized as a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that influences the development and progression of many chronic diseases. A unique role of T cells in adipose tissue has been shown in the initiation and regulation of the inflammatory cascade. However, the mechanisms responsible for the obesity-associated inflammation are not known. We investigated how high fat diet may influence homeostatic expansion of T cells, macrophage behavior and inflammation. High fat diet consumption alters the body weight, fat mass, and lean mass of mice when compared with those on a normal diet. The high fat diet increases the frequency of CD44 + and TCR αβ + T cells in the epididymal adipose tissues as compared with a normal diet. In mice consuming a high fat diet, we also found a significant increase in the frequency of CXCR3 + activated CD8T cells, CD8 + KLRG1 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mucosal and epididymal adipose tissues. High fat diet consumption resulted in greater than 2 fold changes in 85 gene and 142 miRs in epididymal adipose immune cells. Among these, ten inflammatory, obesity miRNAs and genes were validated by RT-PCR analysis. Pathway analysis also validated that differentially regulated miRNAs and gene target mRNAs are associated with T cell homeostatic expansion and macrophage function. Taken together, these results indicate that high fat diet modulates T cell homeostatic proliferation, macrophage phenotype, inflammatory miRNAs and genes to sustain inflammation. This study supports a key role of T cell homeostasis and macrophages to induce inflammation during high fat diet-induced obesity.
Auctioning robotic tasks with overlapping time windows

This work investigates allocation of tasks to multi-robots when tasks are spatially distributed and constrained to be executed within assigned time windows. Our work explores the interaction between scheduling and optimal routing. We propose the Time-Sensitive Sequential Single-Item Auction algorithm as a method to allocate tasks with time windows in multi-robot systems. We show, experimentally, that the proposed algorithm outperforms other auction algorithms that we modified to handle time windows.
Energy Assimilation by the House Cricket, Acheta domesticus, Measured with Radioactive Chromium-51

A radioisotope method for determining energy assimilation for energy flow studies is discussed. Concentrations of radioactive chromium-51 in food and feces, along with caloric measurements on these materials, were used to estimate energy assimilation independent of intake-defecation budgets. Adult house crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), were allowed to feed on chromium-51 tagged food for 24 hours and then were transferred to nonradioactive food. Their feces were collected at hourly intervals for the next 24 hours. Regression analysis was used to estimate radiochromium in the gut at the time of their transfer to a nonradioactive food. The data on these crickets yielded an estimate of 65% for energy assimilation efficiency. Gravimetric determination of energy assimilation efficiency was 63%, based on intake-defecation budgets.
Plasma Electrochemistry: A Novel Chemical Process for the Synthesis and Assembly of Nanomaterials

Electrochemical reactions are typically initiated at the interface of a solid metal electrode and ionic electrolyte. Recently, the development of a novel microplasma source has allowed non-thermal, atmospheric-pressure plasmas to be stably formed at the surface of aqueous ionic electrolytes and thin polymeric films. Thus, microplasmas can act as a gaseous electrode for electrochemical reactions which is termed “plasma electrochemistry”. Plasma electrochemistry allows the synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials, and, in comparison to other chemical methods, is low cost, high purity, scalable via roll-to-roll processing, and environmentally friendly. Overall, these features should be attractive for emerging technological applications in catalysis, energy harvesting/storage, and medicine. This chapter provides technical background and motivation for this area of research, and describes recent progress and remaining scientific challenges.