cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bagrada hilaris Control with Conventional Insecticide Mixtures, 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of conventional insecticide chemistries (pyrethroid, organophosphate, and neonicotinoid) used alone or in mixtures against Bagrada hilaris in broccoli under low desert growing conditions. Broccoli “Emerald Crown” was direct seeded into double row beds on 42-inch centers on 16 September 2014. Plots were two beds wide by 35 ft in length and bordered by two untreated beds. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Two foliar sprays were …
EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF CHANGES IN MOOD, SLEEP, AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONING ASSOCIATED WITH MENOPAUSE

Most women will not have significant psychological, sleep, or sexual disturbances during the transition from menstrual to menopausal life. Evaluation of these symptoms requires careful consideration of menopausal status, preexisting difficulties, and complicating medical or interpersonal problems. Hormone replacement therapy may be a useful treatment either alone or as an adjunct to other somatic, behavioral, or psychological interventions.
G312 Improving appropriate and safe management of children in primary care through direct access to specialist paediatric expertise

Aims We report on the Evelina London Children’s Hospital (ELCH)’s one year experience of introducing the Children’s Assessment and Referral Service (CARS), an integrated programme to improve primary care doctors’ access to secondary care expertise. Through improved access to “just-in-time” advice on management and referral urgency for local general practitioners, we aim to improve primary care diagnosis and management of complex paediatric problems; facilitate specialist paediatric reviews by the right person, at the right time; and to reduce unnecessary referrals to emergency department. Methods In October 2014, we introduced CARS, providing advice and triage to support GPs with the management of paediatric patients, comprising 3 key elements: Telephone advice 11am–7pm: A general paediatric consultant available to GPs. Email advice within 24 h Monday–Friday Rapid access outpatient review: A rapid access outpatient facility for children who would benefit from a prompt assessment, but who do not have urgent clinical need which indicates they should attend A&E. Results Utilisation has increased month on month from onset. Most recent data shows 12.6 calls and 10.7 emails per week. For 34% of phone calls in past 3 months, GPs reported that the purpose of their call was for advice on management in primary care. Of these, 4.7% (9 patients) were deemed to require an outpatient review, uncovering an under-recognition of problem requiring specialist review. 46% of calls were reported to be seeking advice for outpatient referral need/urgency. Of these, 22% received advice which obviated the need for outpatient referral. For 5 patients, a request for outpatient referral resulted in advice that the child required emergency same-day review, which ensured acutely unwell children were recognised appropriately and received timely review and treatment. Primary care colleagues have provided overwhelmingly positive feedback on the service. Conclusion We have instigated a coordinated program of improving the remote provision of paediatric expertise to primary care, which has resulted in improving the appropriateness of hospital utilisation, both in reducing unnecessary outpatient referrals but more importantly recognising and mitigating the risk of under-recognition of paediatric problems in primary care requiring urgent specialist intervention.
SU-C-BRC-07: Parametrized GPU Accelerated Electron Monte Carlo Second Check

Purpose: I am presenting a parameterized 3D GPU accelerated electron Monte Carlo second check program. Method: I wrote the 3D grid dose calculation algorithm in CUDA and utilized an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 780 Ti to run all of the calculations. The electron path beyond the distal end of the cone is governed by four parameters: the amplitude of scattering (AMP), the mean and width of a Gaussian energy distribution (E and α), and the percentage of photons. In my code, I adjusted all parameters until the calculated PDD and profile fit the measured 10×10 open beam data within 1%/1mm. I then wrote a user interface for reading the DICOM treatment plan and images in Python. In order to verify the algorithm, I calculated 3D dose distributions on a variety of phantoms and geometries, and compared them with the Eclipse eMC calculations. I also calculated several patient specific dose distributions, including a nose and an ear. Finally, I compared my algorithm's computation times to Eclipse's. Results: The calculated MU for all of the investigated geometries agree with the TPS within the TG-114 action level of 5%. The MU for the nose was < 0.5 % different while the MU for the ear at 105 SSD was ∼2 %. Calculation times for a 12MeV 10×10 open beam ranged from 1 second for a 2.5 mm grid resolution with ∼15 million particles to 33 seconds on a 1 mm grid with ∼460 million particles. Eclipse calculation runtimes distributed over 10 FAS workers were 9 seconds to 15 minutes respectively. Conclusion: The GPU accelerated second check allows quick MU verification while accounting for patient specific geometry and heterogeneity.
Second-Guessing Theory: Review and Extension

Messages are often biased. Whether these messages are produced by acquaintances, coworkers, governments, or the mass media, social actors believe they can identify biases in them. Not only do they feel they can identify distortions, but they also believe they can correct those distortions, arriving at a more accurate understanding of the messages’ referents than if they relied on the messages unreflectively. Hewes and Planalp (1982) called this process of correcting for biases “second-guessing.” This chapter describes this process and its implications for communication theory. In addition, it presents a theory of second-guessing that specifies its antecedents and consequences. Included is a review of the relevant literature, suggesting facets of the theory that need further testing and new areas of application.
Development and implementation of a pharmacist-run comprehensive medication review program in Wisconsin.

Purpose The development and implementation of a centralized, pharmacist-run population health program were pursued within a health system to increase patient exposure to comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) and improve visit processes. Summary Program implementation included choosing appropriate pilot pharmacy locations, developing a feasible staffing model, standardizing the workflow, and creating a patient referral process. The impact on patient exposure, specific interventions, and the sustainability of the program were evaluated over a seven-month period. A total of 96 CMRs were scheduled during the data collection period. Attendance at scheduled CMRs was 54% (52 visits); there were 25 cancellations (26%) and 19 no-shows (20%). Since program implementation, there has been more than a twofold increase (2.08) in the number of CMRs completed within the health system. On average, all aspects of each patient visit took 1.78 hours to complete. Pharmacists spent 28% of scheduled time on CMR tasks and 72% of time on telephone calls and technical tasks to maintain appointments. Conclusion A pharmacist-run CMR program helped to elevate the role of the community pharmacist in a health system and to improve patient exposure to CMRs. Sustaining a centralized CMR program requires support from other members of the health-system team so that pharmacists can spend more time providing patient care and less time on the technical tasks involved.
Pneumonia prevention: Cost-effectiveness analyses of two vaccines among refugee children aged under two years, Haemophilus influenzae type b-containing and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, during a humanitarian emergency, Yida camp, South Sudan.

By September 2013, war between Sudan and South Sudan resulted in >70,000 Sudanese refugees and high pneumonia incidence among the 20,000 refugees in Yida camp, South Sudan. Using Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF)-provided data and modifying our decision-tree models, we estimated if administering Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-containing (pentavalent vaccine, also with diphtheria pertussis and tetanus [DPT] and hepatitis B) and pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) vaccines were cost-effective against hospitalized pneumonia. Among children <2years old, compared with no vaccination, one- and two-doses of combined Hib-containing and PCV would avert an estimated 118 and 125 pneumonia cases, and 8.5 and 9.1 deaths, respectively. The cost per Disability-Adjusted-Life-Year averted for administering combined one- and two-doses was US$125 and US$209, respectively. MSF demonstrated that it was possible to administer these vaccines during an emergency and our analysis found it was highly cost-effective, even with just one-dose of either vaccine. Despite unknown etiology, there is strong field and now economic rationale for administering Hib and PCV during at least one humanitarian emergency.
Inequalities as Modelling Tools in Computing

This chapter is a reflection on a technology-enhanced mathematics education course that utilizes context-oriented spreadsheet modelling as a milieu for secondary school teachers' training in the use of inequalities and associated proof techniques. In some cases, a spreadsheet is presented as a generator of applied problems dealing with a computational efficiency of modelling involved and leading to the use of inequalities. In other cases, a context within which computational environments are created is extended to allow for inequalities to be used as problem-solving tools. The chapter illustrates how a traditional pedagogy of utilizing technology for modelling inequalities can be complemented by that of using inequalities as modelling tools in applications to computing.
The Role of Short Term Volunteers in Responding to Humanitarian Crises: Lessons from the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Political, social and economic shifts in humanitarian responses to disasters have increased the prominence of short-term volunteers, often working through small, informal and non-governmental channels. Such volunteers offer the potential for a “surge” capacity in crises but are also often under-regulated, poorly trained and know little about the people they claim to help. In this chapter, we first draw on social theorists like Zygmunt Bauman and Michel Agier to argue that this represents a form of neo-liberal—“liquid”—governance that offers only fleeting, fragmented and privatized solutions to collective problems. However, we temper this critique with a review of the literature on short-term “voluntourism” that shows it can have an important pedagogical role, priming volunteers to engage in more long-term solidarity with people in distress. To illustrate our argument, we use ethnographic and participant observation research conducted in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. We show the flaws of many short-term volunteer programs but also highlight efforts to manage them responsibly, as an attempt to cultivate an ethic of solidarity with marginalized communities. We conclude with a list of good practices for leaders of short-term volunteer programs in humanitarian crises.
Hypophysectomy-induced regression of female rat lacrimal glands: partial restoration and maintenance by dihydrotestosterone and prolactin.

Purpose Previous studies have implicated androgens and one or more as yet unknown pituitary or pituitary-dependent factors in the regulation of certain lacrimal gland functions. Many observations suggest that prolactin (PRL) might well be one of these factors. This study was designed to determine the effect of hypophysectomy on biochemical markers of exorbital lacrimal gland secretory capacity and to determine the extent to which dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and prolactin reverse these changes. Methods Female rats were hypophysectomized and, 5 days later, were treated for 2 days with DHT (0.25 or 1 mg/kg), PRL (1 or 5 mg/kg), combinations of the low or high doses of DHT and PRL, or vehicle only. The animals were killed, and crude membrane fractions were isolated from their lacrimal glands. An untreated group served as control. Results Lacrimal glands atrophied rapidly after hypophysectomy, losing 40% of their total and membrane-associated protein and 50% of their total DNA within 5 days. Total Na+,K(+)-ATPase and acid phosphatase activities and beta-adrenergic receptor number were decreased by half, whereas alkaline phosphatase activity and muscarinic cholinergic receptor number were reduced by 25% to 30%. DHT treatment increased total DNA above control values; it partially restored the amount of protein in the gland, the Na+,K(+)-ATPase and acid phosphatase activities, and the beta-adrenergic receptor number; and it fully restored the alkaline phosphatase activity. Prolactin treatment partially restored the amount of protein in the gland and the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity; it fully restored the alkaline phosphatase activity and cholinergic receptor number; but it had no effect on the acid phosphatase activity or the beta-adrenergic receptor number. The high dose of DHT reduced the increase in cholinergic receptor number elicited by PRL. The high dose of PRL reduced the increases of total Na+,K(+)-ATPase and acid phosphatase elicited by DHT. Conclusions These findings suggest that DHT and PRL exert general trophic actions on the lacrimal gland and specifically on lacrimal Na+,K(+)-ATPase, acid phosphatase, and neurotransmitter receptors. They also suggest that excessive levels of either hormone may be deleterious to secretory function. Because sex hormone levels are prone to wide fluctuations in women, our results also suggest a plausible hypothesis to account for the greater incidence in women of lacrimal insufficiency.
Acid-sensing ion channel 1 contributes to normal olfactory function

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are cation channels activated by protons. ASIC1a, a primary ASIC subunit in the brain, was recently characterized in the olfactory bulb. The present study tested the hypothesis that ASIC1a is essential for normal olfactory function. Olfactory behavior of wild-type (WT) and ASIC1-/- mice was evaluated by using three standard olfactory tests: (1) the buried food test, (2) the olfactory habituation test, and (3) the olfactory preference test. In buried food test, ASIC1-/- mice had significantly longer latency to uncover buried food than WT mice. In olfactory habituation test, ASIC1-/- mice had increased sniffing time with acidic odorants. In olfactory preference test, ASIC1-/- mice did not exhibit normal avoidance behavior for 2, 5- dihydro-2, 4, 5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT). Consistent with ASIC1 knockout, ASIC1 inhibition by nasal administration of PcTX1 increased the latency for WT mice to uncover the buried food. Together, these findings suggest a key role for ASIC1a in normal olfactory function.
Understanding the Policymaking Process in Developing Countries

Understanding the Policymaking Process in Developing Countries provides a uniquely comprehensive and practical framework for development practitioners, policymakers, activists, and students to diagnose and improve policy processes in developing countries across a wide range of issues. Based on the classic policy sciences approach, the book offers over 100 diagnostic indicators keyed to identify problems of policy processes, policy content, bureaucratic behavior, stakeholder behavior, and national-subnational interactions. This multi-disciplinary framework is applied to a host of policy problems that particularly plague countries experiencing the 'under-development syndrome', including aborted programs and projects, policy impasses, distorted implementation, unnecessary harm and conflict, and shortsighted initiatives. These points are illustrated through cases from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Based on the developing countries' distinctive challenges, the book also offers recommendations on improving policy content and institutions to address the typical limitations.
ELEMENTARY PROCESSES OF GRAPHITE WEAR

The wearing process between rubbing solids has been studied in detail on graphite basal plane surfaces. It is found that the area disturbed by the contact of a slider upon graphite is very much larger than the maximum area of real contact, and that several distinct processes of surface damage and wear may be distinguished and photographed. These processes include (1) punching of particles from the basal plane (2) planting of surface layers (3) peeling of surface layers and (4) plucking of small surface areas by surface forces. Contributions of these separate wearing processes to the total frictional force have been determined experimentally, and in particular the contributions of individual asperities to the friction have been measured.
Quantum nonlinear light emission in metamaterials: broadband Purcell enhancement of parametric downconversion

Single-photon and correlated two-photon sources are important elements for optical information systems. Nonlinear downconversion light sources are robust and stable emitters of single photons and entangled photon pairs. However, the rate of downconverted light emission, dictated by the properties of low-symmetry nonlinear crystals, is typically very small, leading to significant constraints in device design and integration. In this Letter, we study principles of spontaneous emission control (i.e., the Purcell effect) generalized to describe the enhancement of nonlinear generation of quantum light through spontaneous parametric downconversion. We develop a theoretical framework based on eigenmode analysis to study quantum nonlinear emission in a general anisotropic, dispersive, and lossy media. Our theory provides an unprecedented insight into the emission process. We find that spontaneous parametric downconversion in a media with hyperbolic dispersion is broadband and phase-mismatch-free. We further predict a significant enhancement of the downconverted emission rate in experimentally realistic nanostructures. Our theoretical formalism and approach to Purcell enhancement of nonlinear optical processes provides a framework for description of quantum nonlinear optical phenomena in complex nanophotonic structures.
Trading Trust for Discount: Does Frugality Moderate the Impact of Privacy and Security Concerns?

The paper develops a framework (1) to distinguish between the unique and shared dimensions of privacy and security concerns, (2) to examine the impact of privacy and security concerns on the trust -discount tradeoff as moderated by frugality disposition, and (3) to investigate the impact of personality on online privacy and security concerns. We use Utility Theory and its extension, Prospect Theory, to argue that frugality modifies the perception of risk as depicted in privacy and security concerns and monetary gains from discount in the trust-discount tradeoff. We develop the conceptual model to show the role of privacy and security concerns and the moderating role of frugality in trust-discount tradeoff, as well as the role of personality as the antecedents of privacy and security concerns. Data collected fro m lab experiments are used to test the model using the structural equation modeling approach. The study is one of the first to study the role of frugality in trust -discount tradeoff. It is also an early attempt to analyze the similarit ies and dissimilarit ies between the dimensions of security and privacy concern s. Our find ings suggest that frugality plays an important role in moderating the impact of security concerns in trust discount tradeoff. On the theoretical side the paper adds to the trust-privacy literature and to the field of psychology by studying the role of frugality and personality in relat ion to privacy and security concerns. The tradeoff of trust discount is an area that is not adequately studied. This paper adds insight about this tradeoff. The study has practical imp lications by showing that while offering discount may counter consumers’ privacy concern, it does not reduce the security concern of frugal consumers. Little known websites with low t rust perception will not survive by just offering discounts. They need to invest in creating social capital in the form o f increased trustworthiness.
Advanced Intelligent Networks (AINs)

Chapter 8, “The AT&T View of Intelligent Networks (INs),” through Chapter 12, “Global Intelligent Networks (INs),” focused on public domain intelligent networks and the AT&T concept (Type-A) and Bellcore concept (Type-B) of intelligent networks (INs). This chapter discusses the more sophisticated INs from a conceptual and functional perspective. These INs can be readily implemented in private networks and the more rapidly evolving arena of intelligent networks tailored for business communication systems. Section 13–1 discusses networks using existing and evolving technologies for INs. Such networks can utilize concepts more advanced than the IN/2 concept presented in Chapter 11, “Intelligent Networks/2 (IN/2),” and the Universal Information Services Network (UISN) presented in Chapter 8, “The AT&T View of Intelligent Networks (INs).” Universal information services provided by UISN are evolving into an integral part of the Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) services.
Chapter 3 - A Group of Young Chimpanzees in a One-Acre Field1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a group of young chimpanzees in a one-acre field. Three decades ago, Tolman declared that distance and direction are the fundamental concepts of behavior and that all of the important problems of psychology, save perhaps those involving language and society, could eventually be understood in essence by the analysis of the behavior of a rat at a choice point of a maze. Certainly, species variables are more important than the behaviorists of the 1930s admitted, and the maze is an arbitrary and possibly distorted model of the universe. Tolman's lone rat has simply evolved into a group of chimpanzees; the choice-point of a maze has become any given point in an outdoor area as large as the author could reasonably control and survey as a whole with the techniques at his disposal. The major advantage of a spatial, geometrical, or mechanical approach to nature is that its questions, methods, and concepts fully utilize the complexity of the real world in their very construction but are themselves extremely simple and general.
Recent Progress on the Low Frequency Spectra of Coordination Compounds

A review of the present status of the coordinated metalligand atom stretching vibration (where coordination involves oxygen, nitrogen, or halide of ligand) will be presented. The usefulness of the low frequency region of the infrared in elucidating structural information for coordination compounds will be discussed. Limitations of the technique will be reviewed.
Anti-adhesins of Streptococcus sobrinus.

Several members of the genus Streptococcus seem to be able to elaborate surface lectins. The oral streptococci have been reported to bind sialic acid ( S. sanguis) and α-glucans (Gibbons and Fitzgerald 1969). The organisms capable of binding α-glucans include S. cricetus and S. sobrinus. A few members of the highly cariogenic S. mutans also can complex with glucans. Most oral streptococci are also capable of interacting with α-glucans via lectin-independent sites (Robyt, 1995; Mooser, 1992). In the lectin-independent interactions, glucan synthases (dextransucrases or glucosyltransferases, GTFs) use glucans as acceptors for chain extension. The glucan-binding sites on these enzymes are distinct from the catalytic sites acting on sucrose, the sole and natural substrate of the enzymes (Mooser, 1992; Mooser and Wong, 1988; Robyt, 1982).). In the presence of sucrose, streptococci are able to adhere to and colonize enamel surfaces leading to dental decay. Adhesion is a first step leading to dental caries. There have been numerous studies in the past few decades describing adhesion mechanisms of oral streptococci. If suitable anti-adhesins were available, it follows that bacterial colonization could be prevented. There are several factors which modify oral microbial adhesion, including antibodies, lysozyme, salivary amylase, salivary proteins (statherin and proline-rich proteins, PRPs), and resident microbiota capable of producing proteases and glycosidases. Some of the above named factors promote adhesion, whereas others inhibit streptococcal binding to enamel. In this paper, results are presented which show that an anti-adhesin of S. sobrinus, periodate-oxidized α-1,6 glucan, is a potent anti-caries agent. The periodate-oxidized glucan not only inhibits glucan-binding lectin (GBL) activities, but also is an inhibitor of streptococcal GTFs.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Definition and Epidemiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the contemporary term used to describe an abrupt decline in kidney function characterized by reduced excretion of waste products, deranged electrolytes, and disrupted fluid homeostasis. The last two decades have seen tremendous advances in our ability to identify and diagnose AKI events. This culminated in the development of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) AKI criteria, a consensus definition which harmonized preceding approaches and is equally applicable to adults and children. From this, we have seen transformative epidemiologic advances which we hope will pave the way for innovative approaches to care and treatment.
Signed Measures and Differentiation

Let \((X,{\mathcal M})\) be a measurable space. A signed measure of \((X,{\mathcal M})\) is a countably additive set function \(\nu :{\mathcal M}\to [-\infty ,\infty )\) or (−∞, ∞] such that ν(∅) = 0.
Walking the Talk: Teachers as Practitioners of Fitzmaurice Voicework

ABSTRACTFitzmaurice Voicework (FV) is a voice training technique used to create sustainable, healthy, and dynamic sound while allowing for flexibility and spontaneity in performance. Teacher certif...
Multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms and peripheral venous thromboses--the Hughes Stovin syndrome. Report of a case in a 12-year-old boy and a review of the literature.

Characterized by multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms and peripheral venous thromboses, the Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a rare and usually fatal disorder of unknown etiology which occurs almost exclusively in young males. The clinical presentation may include cough or hemoptysis and venous thromboses either in the extremities, the dural sinuses, the vena cavae, or the right atrium. A report of a case, a discussion of the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings, and a review of the literature is presented.
U.S. regulatory perspectives on the back end of the fuel cycle: EUROSAFE 2013 proceeding

Abstract For the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the reactor licensees it regulates, there are a number of contemporary issues associated with the back end of the fuel cycle including, the agency's revision to its “Waste Confidence” decision and the path-forward for high-level waste disposal. Additionally, the 2012 Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future recommendations, the future of reprocessing, consolidated interim spent fuel storage, and maintaining technical competence within the NRC in challenging budgetary conditions are addressed. I conclude that there is confidence in the feasibility of safe storage of spent nuclear fuel following the licensed operational life of a reactor and any change in high-level waste policy will require Congressional action to amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act.
Disentangling the taxonomy and morphology of Ectropothecium (Bryophyta: Hypnaceae s.l .) with comments on its generic relationships, and Neoptychophyllum , a new name for the genus Ptychophyllum

Ectropothecium is a genus of Hypnaceae, consisting of epiphytic or lithophytic species that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical forests. With 233 currently accepted species, the genus has one of the most difficult taxonomies among pleurocarpous mosses. Delimitation of Ectropothecium has been challenging because of morphological convergence between closely related genera within the Hypnaceae, namely Hypnum , Isopterygium , Taxiphyllum , and Vesicularia . Redefining the generic limits is based on reassessment of seven critically important morphological features, i.e., branching pattern, pseudoparaphyllium type, leaf shape, laminal cell surface, alar cell formation, capsule size, and exothecial cell walls. Microscopic images of morphological and anatomical important features are used to show generic characteristics. The five closely related genera are morphologically distinct, but oftentimes difficult to separate apart without considering several features at the same time. The generic delineation of Ectropothecium is provided. Neoptychophyllum (Hypnaceae), a new name is proposed for the genus Ptychophyllum , an illegitimate homonym and a previous generic synonym of Ectropothecium .
Technology as Ideology in Urban Governance

This article argues that the turn toward smart cities, emphasizing solutions, services, and infrastructures driven by digital technologies, has reinforced a dominant ideology shaping urban decision...
Variation of near surface atmosphere microbial communities at an urban and a suburban site in Philadelphia, PA, USA

Abstract Microorganisms are abundant in the near surface atmosphere and make up a significant fraction of organic aerosols with implications on both human health and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, studies investigating biogeographical patterns of the atmospheric microbiome between urban and suburban areas are limited. Urban and suburban locations (including their microbial communities) vary considerably depending on climate, topography, industrial activities, demographics and other socio-economic factors. Hence, we need more location-specific data to make informed decision affecting air quality, human health, and the implication of a changing climate and policy decisions. The objective of this study was to describe how the atmospheric microbiome varies in composition and function between urban and suburban sites. We used high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial communities collected at different times from PM2.5 samples collected by active sampling method (using a pump and an impactor) and dust settling of TSP collected by passive sampling method (no pump and no impactor) from an urban and suburban site. We found diverse communities unique in composition at both sites with equivalent functional potential. Taxonomic composition varied significantly with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Other phyla in greater relative abundance at the urban site. In contrast, Cyanobacteria, Tenericutes, Fusobacteria, and Deinococcus, were enriched at the suburban site. Community diversity also demonstrated a high degree of temporal variation within site. We identified over one-third of the communities as potentially pathogenic taxa (urban: 47.52% ± 14.40%, suburban: 34.53% ± 14.60%) and determined the majority of organisms come from animal-associated host or are environmental non-specific. Potentially pathogenic taxa and source environments were similar between active- and passive- sampling method results. Our research is novel it adds to the underrepresented set of studies on atmospheric microbial structure and function across land types and is the first to compare suburban and urban atmospheric communities.
Increased burden of cardiovascular risk among youth suicide attempters.

BACKGROUND Suicide and cardiovascular disease rank among the leading causes of disability and premature mortality worldwide. Young adult suicide attempters are at increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease even compared to those with major depressive disorder suggesting an increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. We compared the cardiovascular risk burden between youth attempters and other high-risk individuals. METHODS Participants were from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), a U.S. population-based study, aged 18-30 years [suicide attempt (SA): n = 303; suicidal ideation (SI): n = 451; controls: n = 3671]; and psychiatric inpatients admitted for a SA (n = 38) or SI (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 37) aged 15-30 years. We computed a cardiovascular risk score and high- and low-risk latent classes based on risk factors of high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking. RESULTS Suicide attempters showed an increased cardiovascular risk score (CPES: B = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-0.54, p < 0.001; inpatient sample: B = 1.61, 95% CI 0.53-2.68, p = 0.004) compared to controls. They were also more likely to be classified in the high cardiovascular risk group (CPES: odds ratio (OR) 3.36, 95% CI 1.67-6.78, p = 0.001; inpatient sample: OR 9.89, 95% CI 1.38-85.39, p = 0.03) compared to those with SI (CPES: OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.55-2.39, p = 0.71; inpatient sample: OR 1.91, 95% CI 0.25-15.00, p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS Youth attempters show an increased burden for cardiovascular risk compared to other high-risk individuals in inpatient and population-based samples. Clinicians should pay particular attention to cardiovascular risk factors among suicide attempters in order to reduce their risk for cardiovascular events.
Are fashion majors ready for the era of data science? A study on the fashion undergraduate curriculums in U.S. institutions

As the fashion industry is becoming ever more data-driven, this study intends to understand whether the current fashion curriculums in U.S. education institutions have sufficiently introduced fashi...
Health Insurance Literacy among Caregivers of Substance Using Young Adults

The health-care system in the United States is complex, and consumer understanding of the system is limited. Poor health insurance literacy is common, concerning, and may be associated with financi...
Parallel Computation of Standard Competition Rankings over a Sorted Array

The Standard Competition Ranking (SCR) is a commonly adopted ranking strategy and has been used in a wide range of applications, such as statistics, text mining, image processing, and so on. Though the sequential implementation of the SCR can be executed in linear time, it is not straightforward to design parallel algorithms for the SCR. In this paper, our focus is on the novel use of the parallel prefix computation method for calculating the SCR on a many-core Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We also design a pthreads-based algorithm on a multi-core CPU which adopts a modified binary search to find the first item’s rank in each partitioned segment. By integrating the modified binary search with the prefix computation, we later design and implement a more efficient hybrid algorithm on the GPU. The experimental results show that, as compared with the sequential execution on the CPU, our pthreads-based algorithm on a 12-core CPU can be roughly 8 times faster, while the hybrid algorithm on the GPU can achieve more than two orders of magnitude speedup.
Surveillance of work-related asthma including the emergence of a cannabis-associated case series in Washington State.

OBJECTIVE We conducted surveillance for work-related asthma (WRA) in Washington State to identify the industry sectors and asthma exposures most commonly affecting injured workers and in need of prevention activities. METHODS Using workers' compensation data as the primary data source, valid cases were classified as work-aggravated asthma (WAA) or new onset asthma that includes occupational asthma (OA) and reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). The source of exposure that caused the worker's asthma, their industry and occupation were determined. RESULTS There were 784 valid work-related asthma cases identified for the period 2009-2016, WAA (n = 529) was most common followed by occupational asthma (n = 127) and RADS (n = 12). The Health Care and Social Assistance industry had the highest number of cases (n = 170) with 82% classified as WAA. The highest overall proportions of new onset asthma are occurring in Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (33% of work related asthma cases), Manufacturing (31%) and Construction (30%). The leading substances associated with new onset asthma across all industries include hop plant dust, wood and cedar dust, mineral and inorganic dust, mold, and cleaning materials. We describe ten cases of cannabis-associated asthma including seven from workers in the legalized cannabis industry, four of whom had OA. CONCLUSION State-based work-related asthma surveillance is critical in identifying the workers and exposures associated with this occupational disease, including the detection of a case-series in the cannabis industry.
A field-particle correlation analysis of a perpendicular magnetized collisionless shock

Using the field–particle correlation technique, we examine the particle energization in a three-dimensional (one spatial dimension and two velocity dimensions; 1D-2V) continuum Vlasov–Maxwell simulation of a perpendicular magnetized collisionless shock. The combination of the field–particle correlation technique with the high-fidelity representation of the particle distribution function provided by a direct discretization of the Vlasov equation allows us to ascertain the details of the exchange of energy between the electromagnetic fields and the particles in phase space. We identify the velocity-space signatures of shock-drift acceleration of the ions and adiabatic heating of the electrons arising from the perpendicular collisionless shock by constructing a simplified model with the minimum ingredients necessary to produce the observed energization signatures in the self-consistent Vlasov–Maxwell simulation. We are thus able to completely characterize the energy transfer in the perpendicular collisionless shock considered here and provide predictions for the application of the field–particle correlation technique to spacecraft measurements of collisionless shocks.
Comparison of trunk mechanics and spatiotemporal outcomes in caregivers using a robotic assisted transfer device and a mobile floor lift.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare trunk mechanics, distance covered, and average instantaneous velocity and acceleration recorded with caregivers performing transfer tasks using a research mannequin with both a prototype robotic assisted transfer device (RATD) and a mobile floor lift. DESIGN Cross-Sectional. SETTING Biomechanics Lab and Human Engineering Research Laboratories. PARTICIPANTS Caregivers (N = 21). INTERVENTION Robotic Assisted Transfer Device. OUTCOME MEASURES Range of flexion-extension, lateral bend, and axial rotation; distance covered; average instantaneous velocity and acceleration. RESULTS Caregivers performing transfers using the RATD as compared to when using the moble floor lift reported significantly smaller range of trunk flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, and reported lower pelvic based distance covered and slower average instantaneous velocity and acceleration (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The design and usability of a RATD indicates design driven mobility advantages over clinical standard mobile floor lifts due to its ability to expand the workspace while further reducing risk factors for low back pain. While the concept is promising, further testing is required to address limitations and confirm the concept for clinical applications.
Different external training workload models show no association with injury in competitive junior tennis players

A popular metric in the training load literature is the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR). In tennis players session rate of perceived exertion 7:28 day ACWR has been shown to be associated with injury; however, no study has examined whether this relationship is consistent with an external load variable using different ACWR time frames and mathematical calculations. The purpose of this study is to investigate different ACWRs using Cox proportional hazard models with both rolling averages and exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA) from one external stroke load measurement. Twenty-four junior players were recruited to participate in a 34-week study, 17 were included in the final analysis. The Sony Smart Tennis Sensor was used to quantify external load in the form of swing counts, and non-contact time loss injuries were recorded. The ACWRs were calculated using two models: rolling averages and EWMA. Ten players sustained injuries. The Cox regression model indicated that none of the rolling average ACWRswing count or any of the EWMA ACWRswing count models were associated with injury (P > 0.003). Consequently, the ACWRswing count should not be used when determining injury risk in youth tennis players. This study incorporated one load variable, but injury is multifactorial and other variables need to be considered when reducing injury likelihood.
Large-Scale Land Cover Mapping of Satellite Images Using Ensemble of Random Forests — IEEE Data Fusion Contest 2020 Track 1

This paper describes our approach in the land cover classification with low-resolution labels challenge of 2020 IEEE Data Fusion Contest. The challenge features the large-scale land cover mapping based on weakly annotated samples. We firstly refine the samples based on analyzing the class confusions and the confidence of the sample. Subsequently, an ensemble of random forests is trained for classification and finally the results are generated via soft voting of the classifiers. This approach achieves an average accuracy of 0.5676 on the test dataset and achieves the 4th place in Track 1 of the Data Fusion Contest 2020.
Serum placental lactogen levels in patients with molar pregnancy and trophoblastic tumors.

Abstract Serum HPL and HCG activity has been measured in patients with molar pregnancy and trophoblastic tumors. Patients with demonstrated trophoblastic tumors showed HPL levels well below the range characteristic of early normal pregnancy of less than 10 weeks' gestational age. Patients with molar pregnancy showed HPL values 10 to 100 times less than the normally expected levels for the corresponding gestational age, when urinary HCG excretion is elevated. This disparity may be used to differentiate between normal and molar pregnancy. In patients with trophoblastic tumors under treatment, the serum HPL activity fell to undetectable levels before the serum HCG activity indicated complete remission. However, relapse of disease indicated by a subsequent rise in HCG titer occurred without concomitant rise in the level of serum HPL activity. The observed difference in serum HCG and HPL activity is thought to be due to the degree of differentiation of trophoblast cells.
Chapter 16 Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a practical guide to immunofluorescence microscopy of Caenorhabditis elegans. In this method, fixed tissue is stained with a fluorescently labeled antibody, and visualized with the light microscope. The antibody ensures that staining is limited to the location of the antigen, and the microscope provides a magnified image of the fluorescent area. Immunofluorescence microscopy is an especially powerful tool for studies of C. elegans. Immunofluorescence staining can provide essential information for the analysis of mutant phenotypes. Mutations that alter developmental programs or the expression of particular proteins can be examined in situ and described at the level of individual cells or cell lineages. Immunofluorescence microscopy can be used to detect the expression of transgenes in C. elegans. Specific epitope tags can be incorporated into a transgene, such that the epitope-tagged protein can be detected with a specific antibody that does not react with the endogenous protein. Epitope tagging is particularly useful for cases in which a null mutation in the endogenous gene is either not available or desirable in the transgenic animal.
Language, Usage and Cognition: Language as a complex adaptive system: the interaction of cognition, culture and use

Typology and universals A linguistic theory must strive to be applicable to all human languages and thus must recognize at some level what all languages have in common. Generative theory, for instance, has sought commonalities in the form of universals of grammar at the level of phrase structure rules and conditions and constraints on movement rules. While there are certainly many tendencies and repeated patterns cross-linguistically, stating universals at this level has largely been unsuccessful in accounting for the empirical data (see Newmeyer 2005). In this chapter we will consider tracing the tendencies and patterns observable across languages to the interaction of the cognitive processes that have been discussed in the previous chapters of this book. This approach allows us to integrate synchronic patterns with patterns of language change and provides the framework for forming a more comprehensive theory that explains the range of structures found in the languages of the world. But in addition to accounting for similarities among languages, it is also important to account for major typological differences. Towards this goal it is suggested here, following other research (Perkins 1992, Wray and Grace 2007) that cultural factors may come into play. Indeed social and cultural factors have remained in the background in the previous discussion, but clearly such factors cannot be ignored in a full account of the emergence of language.
Tau protein: its presence and metabolism in human neuroblastoma cells.

The structural basis of the cellular disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may involve the cytoskeleton. One of the major constituents of the cytoskeleton is the microtubule network. This is composed primarily of tubulin which has a molecular weight of 55 kd and assembles, under certain conditions, to form the microtubules (Cleveland et al., 1977). Other microtubular components include the microtubule associated proteins (MAPS), MAP I and MAP II, and Tau proteins, which co-purify with MAPs. “Tau” represents a class of several proteins which will be referred to collectively as Tau protein.
Family Stress Moderates Relations between Physiological and Behavioral Synchrony and Child Self-Regulation in Mother-Preschooler Dyads

From a bio-behavioral framework, the relations between physiological synchrony, positive behavioral synchrony, and child self-regulation under varying levels of risk were examined among 93 mother- (M age = 30.44 years, SD = 5.98 years) preschooler (M age = 3.47 years, SD =.52 years, 58.70% male) dyads. Physiological synchrony was examined using interbeat interval (IBI) data and measures of positive behavioral synchrony and self-regulation were based on observations of a mother-child interaction task. Results supported the phenomenon of physiological synchrony among mother-preschooler dyads during an interaction, but not a baseline, task. Moderation analyses indicated that under conditions of high family risk, positive behavioral synchrony and child self-regulation were greater when physiological synchrony was low. Positive behavioral synchrony was positively associated with child self-regulation, regardless of risk status. The results document physiological synchrony among mothers and their preschool-aged children and the complex ways that physiological attunement relates to important developmental processes.
Using A Wellness Model With Older Adults to Combat a Sense of Powerlessness

This article discusses the applicability of a wellness model to nursing interactions with community based elderly. It has been documented that a majority of the older population have some type of chronic illness. The model is useful in identifying nursing roles which enable nurses to support client's positive self care practices and encourage personal responsibility for wellness behaviors. Nurses who do health assessments with older adults can incorporate the model into their practice so that learned helplessness and a sense of powerlessness can be combatted. A recognition of community programs that foster self determination and promote positive self worth in older persons is also of value in a holistic'perspsctivc to nursing care.