cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Covalent Binding of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Polyamide Membranes for Antimicrobial Surface Properties

We propose an innovative approach to impart nanomaterial-specific properties to the surface of thin-film composite membranes. Specifically, biocidal properties were obtained by covalently binding single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to the membrane surface. The SWNTs were first modified by purification and ozonolysis to increase their sidewall functionalities, maximize cytotoxic properties, and achieve dispersion in aqueous solution. A tailored reaction protocol was developed to exploit the inherent moieties of hand-cast polyamide membrane surfaces and create covalent amide bonds with the functionalized SWNTs. The reaction is entirely aqueous-based and entails activation of the carboxylate groups of both the membrane and the nanomaterials to maximize reaction with ethylenediamine. The presence of SWNTs was verified after sonication of the membranes, confirming the strength of the bond between the SWNTs and the membrane surface. Characterization of the SWNT-functionalized surfaces demonstrated the attain...
Erratum to: Sorafenib-Associated Facial Acneiform Eruption.

The online version of the original article can be found under doi:10.1007/s13555-014-0067-9.
OUTCOMES OF OUT OF HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA

Out of hospital cardiac arrest is major cause of morbidity and mortality in US. Survival rates are dismal 9.5% and also major financial burden for health care. Hypothermia protocol has shown improved neurological outcomes after sudden cardiac arrest, but the factors affecting outcomes remain unclear
Organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands.

(R)-Proline catalyzes the amination reaction of functionalized indane carboxaldehydes and allows for the efficient enantioselective synthesis (>99% ee) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands (S)-AIDA and (S)-APICA.
Typology of emotional and behavioral adjustment for low-income children: A child-centered approach

Abstract An empirical typology of classroom emotional and behavioral adjustment was developed for preschool children living in urban poverty. Multistage hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to identify six distinct and reliable subtypes of classroom adjustment, differentiated by high and low levels of behavioral (aggressive, inattentive, oppositional, withdrawn/low energy, socially reticent) and situational adjustment (structured learning, peer interactions, and teacher interactions). Differences among profile types were found across child age, special needs status, and peer social and classroom learning outcomes. Patterns of overactive behavior with problems in socially-mediated learning situations predicted peer disruption. Patterns of withdrawn behavior, and problems in socially-mediated and teacher-directed learning situations predicted peer disconnection and poor learning outcomes. More resilient patterns were associated with older age, lower percentage of special needs, and higher readiness outcomes. Implications of the findings to extend prior research and to inform strategic early identification and mental health intervention are discussed.
Adaptive behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera) toward beetle invaders exhibiting various levels of colony integration

Social bees generally host fewer nest invaders than do ants and termites. This is potentially explained by the adaptive defensive strategies of host bees when faced with nest invaders exhibiting various levels of colony integration (based on adaptations to the nest habitat and frequency of nest inhabitation). In the present study, experiments are performed to determine the behaviour at the nest entrance of European honeybee guards Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) toward beetle invaders of various levels of behavioural integration into colonies. The species used to test this include Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), which is regarded as a highly integrated, unwelcome guest (synechthran) or true guest (symphile); Lobiopa insularis Laporte (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Epuraea luteola Erichson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) that are accidentals; and Carpophilus humeralis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Carpophilus hemipterus L. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), all of which are species that are not integrated into honeybee colonies. The responses of guard bees to a control bead also are noted. In general, bees ignore T. castaneum and E. luteola to a greater extent than other beetle species. Bees make contact with the black glass bead (a non-aggressive behaviour) more than they do all beetle species. Bees treat A. tumida more defensively than they treat any other beetle species and the level of bee defensiveness varies by colony. These data suggest an adaptive heightened defensive response by bees toward the most integrated colony intruder but a significantly reduced level of response toward invaders representing all other levels of colony integration.
Stability of the mammalian sperm nucleus.

The nuclei of spermatozoa leaving the testies are transcritionally inactivated and are structurally stabilised by extensive association of sperm DNA with protamines, highly basic proteins that replace somatic histones during spermiogenesis. During sperm matureation within teh epididymis, protamine–SH is oxidised to -SS-(Bedford & Calvin, 1974).
Some radiochemical experiments on minor constitutents in soybean oil

A14C-labeled high molecular weight hydrocarbon and an insecticidal compound were added as minor constituents in soybean oil samples. Liquid scintillation counting was used to assay the radioactivity of the oil preceding and after laboratory simulations of commercial processing procedures (bleaching and deodorization). Radiochemical techniques were found to be highly sensitive and quantitative and detection was unaffected by chemical modification or decomposition of the parent compound. Labeled (14C) benzo(a)pyrene was retained primarily by the oil during extraction, filtering, solvent stripping, deodorization and treatment with AOCS bleaching earths. Treatment of the oil with activated charcoal effected removal of this hydrocarbon. Bleaching was ineffective in removing added14C-endrin from the oil but a deodorization using specific conditions of temperature (250 C), time (2 hr), and pressure (4.5 mm) removed this constituent.
Thyratron Control of D-C Motors

This paper describes the characteristics of new thyratron circuits which have been developed for the control of direct current motors. By means of these circuits it is possible to hold constant motor speed, constant armature voltage, or constant relative speed between two systems. It is also possible to hold constant either an alternating or direct current voltage which is dependent on the speed or position of the armature of a direct current motor.
Personality, Competence, And Leadership: The Synergism Of Effective Parenting

The success of individuals to perform and produce at high qualitative levels is a major concern of society. Strategies and workshops for enhancement of character and competence abound. The source of character and competence fundamentally rests upon the cognitive and emotional strengths resultant of the family of origin dynamics. Significant individual variation of societal competencies is traceable to the early years parent-child ongoing patterns of interaction. To provide effective early years socialization concurrently builds the keystone for capacity for prosocial leadership, the highest level of performance.
SYNTHESES OF MULTIDENTATE LIGANDS CONTAINING HYDROXYPRYIDYL DONOR GROUPS

Abstract Efficient syntheses are described for three new multidentate ligands containing 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridyl donor groups; N,N′-bis(3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′ -diacetic acid, N,N″-bis(3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)diethylenetriamine-N,N′ ,N″-triacetic acid, and N,N′ ,N″-tris (3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl) -1,4,7- triazacyclononane.
Resolution of inflammation by N-arachidonoylglycine

N-arachidonoylglycine (NAgly) is an endogenous signaling lipid that is a member of the eicosanoid super family and is related to anandamide. It shows anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in the mouse peritonitis model where it reduces migration of inflammatory leukocytes following injection of pro-inflammatory agents into the peritoneal cavity. Using cell culture models, including GPR18 transfected HEK-293 cells, evidence is presented that the orphan receptor GPR18 is involved in this action. Increases in free arachidonic acid, and robust stimulation of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids were observed at low micromolar concentrations. These included 15-deoxy-delta-13,14-PGJ(2) and lipoxin A(4) both of which are believed to mediate the resolution stage of inflammation. It was further shown that NAgly might act via GPR18 activation in promoting the number of Trypan Blue stained cells, a possible indicator of programmed cell death. Thus, we hypothesize that NAgly induces the death of inflammatory cells, a process that is considered to be important for the resolution of inflammation.
Daily administration of the progesterone antagonist RU 486 prevents implantation in the cycling guinea pig

Since progesterone is required to prepare the endometrium for implantation of an embryo, a progesterone antagonist may inhibit nidation and thus prevent pregnancy. We addressed this possibility in the guinea pig, the small laboratory animal whose reproductive physiology most resembles that of women. Daily administration of the antiprogestin RU 486 (0, 1, 2, or 3 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for 9 days after mating inhibited implantation in a dose-dependent fashion. When this compound was given daily throughout the estrous cycle, cyclic vaginal changes, ovulation, and mating were suppressed in up to 17%, 28%, and 55% of animals, respectively. Two of seven mated female animals receiving RU 486,1 mg/kg/day, had implantation sites. Nidation was completely blocked at higher doses. Thus daily antiprogestin administration prevented pregnancy in sexually active, normally cycling guinea pigs. A similar strategy using a daily antinidatory dose of an antiprogestin may offer a novel approach to human fertility control.
Methanol vapor sorption in plasma polymerized thin films

Abstract Methanol vapor sorption isotherms for methyl acrylate (MA) and styrene plasma polymer thin films are measured and compared with those for conventionally polymerized analogs. Isotherms are collected for the series of thin films between 30 and 75 °C using a quartz crystal microbalance. Rubbery poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and plasticized poly(styrene) (PS) conscribe to the classical Flory–Huggins-type sorption mechanism, whereas the sorption isotherms of the plasma polymer analogs have a distinct Langmuir-type sorption component. Plasma polymers are analyzed using the dual mode sorption model commonly applied to conventional glassy polymers. The heat of sorption of the ‘glassy’ ppMA films (−56 kJ/mol) is far above that measured for PMA (−20 kJ/mol) and much closer to that measured for glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (−48 kJ/mol). The work shows that both the plasticization effect of sorbed penetrants and relaxation phenomena associated with slow cooling are suppressed in the plasma polymer materials when compared to the conventional polymer analogs.
Training Perceptual-Rule Based Skills

The results of an experiment are discussed that address how best to train perceptual-rule based skills within a domain where rules correlate to perceptual aspects of a dynamic evolving environment. Participants performed the role of football quarterback where the object of the task was to learn to identify the correct pass receiver in a simulated football system. The correct receiver could always be specified by a set of rules or subtle perceptual cues. Subjects were assigned to one of four training groups which were constructed by complete crossing of rule versus no rule learning and visual enhancement training versus no visual enhancement training. After training trials all subjects transferred to new plays in which new rules or perceptual cues were required. Transfer performance was superior for the participants who received the visually enhanced training. These results are discussed in light of theories of part-task training.
The risk of intrauterine fetal death in the small-for-gestational-age fetus.

Objective We sought to evaluate the risk of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses. Study Design We analyzed a retrospective cohort of all births in the United States in 2005, as recorded in a national database. We calculated the risk of IUFD within 3 sets of SGA threshold categories as well as within non-SGA pregnancies using the number of at-risk fetuses as the denominator. Results The risk of IUFD increased with gestational age and was inversely proportional to percentile of birthweight for gestational age. The risk for IUFD in those Conclusion There is an increase in the risk of IUFD in SGA fetuses compared to non-SGA fetuses at all gestational ages with the greatest risk demonstrated in the lowest percentile cohort evaluated.
Cognitive factors in Postconcussion Syndrome symptom report

Past studies suggest a variety of factors that influence the report of Postconcussion Syndrome (PCS) symptoms, including head injury, depression, pain, and subjective expectation. Participants included 190 undergraduates across 8 groups chosen to examine the relative contribution of these factors, as well as treatment-seeking behavior, in the report of both current and past PCS symptoms. Depressed persons, depressed persons receiving treatment, and headache sufferers receiving treatment reported elevated rates of PCS symptoms when compared to controls. Five of the eight groups reported experiencing more current than past symptoms. Head-injured persons and headache sufferers underestimated premorbid symptom rates relative to the baseline of controls. These findings are consistent with the growing number of studies that suggest non-neurologic factors may be more closely related to PCS symptom report than head injury status and raise further concern regarding use of self-reported PCS symptoms in the diagnosis of head injury.
Comparative studies of 193-nm photodissociation and TOF-TOFMS analysis of bradykinin analogues: the effects of charge site(s) and fragmentation timescales.

The dissociation reactions of [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, and [M+Cu]+ ions of bradykinin (amino acid sequence RPPGFSPFR) and three bradykinin analogues (RPPGF, RPPGFSPF, PPGFSPFR) are examined by using 193-nm photodissociation and post-source decay (PSD) TOF-TOF-MS techniques. The photodissociation apparatus is equipped with a biased activation cell, which allows us to detect fragment ions that are formed by dissociation of short-lived (<1 µs) photo-excited ions. In our previously reported photodissociation studies, the fragment ions were formed from ions dissociating with lifetimes that exceeded 10 µs; thus these earlier photofragment ion spectra and post-source decay (PSD) spectra [composite of both metastable ion (MI) and collision-induced dissociation (CID)] were quite similar. On the other hand, short-lived photo-excited ions dissociate by simple bond cleavage reactions and other high-energy dissociation channels. We also show that product ion types and abundances vary with the location of the charge on the peptide ion. For example, H+ and Na+ cations can bind to multiple polar functional groups (basic amino acid side chains) of the peptide, whereas Cu+ ions preferentially bind to the guanidino group of the arginine side-chain and the N-terminal amine group. Furthermore, when Cu+ is the charge carrier, the abundances of non-sequence informative ions, especially loss of small neutral molecules (H2O and NH3) is decreased for both photofragment ion and PSD spectra relative to that observed for [M+H]+ and [M+Na]+ peptide ions.
Hierarchical reliability evaluation of large networks

Introduces a hierarchical approach for computing the terminal reliability between any given source-destination pair in large networks. The main advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of breaking down the problem of terminal reliability to subproblems. The technique gives an exact reliability expression for a hierarchical network and an approximation for any large network. The usefulness of the strategy is demonstrated by several examples of large and hierarchical networks. The effect of partitioning a large network into a number of clusters, on the reliability figure and the execution time is also investigated. >
A revised physical theory for adsorption of metal complexes at oxide surfaces

Abstract The electric double-layer model of physical adsorption originally proposed by James and Healy in the early seventies (1–3) has largely been abandoned in favor of more complex triple-layer chemical adsorption models. Two refinements have been made to the original simpler double-layer model and results for the simulation of metal ion adsorption over silica, iron(III) oxide, chromium(III) oxide, and alumina are presented here. With a more accurate (non-Nernstian) description of surface potential (25, 26), and the more accurate solvation free energy term of Levine (8), good fits to the data are obtained with smaller or no adjustable “chemical” interaction terms. The interpretation of the revised model is directly contrary to the original double-layer model in that multivalent, unhydrolyzed ions are now predicted to adsorb preferentially to univalent hydrolysis products. This interpretation coincides with the results of more recent triple-layer models, indicating preferential adsorption of multivalent complexes. However, the revised physical adsorption model suggests that these adsorption phenomenon are usually physical (electrostatic) in nature and not chemical.
Form vs. Substance: The Implications for Auditing Practice and Research of Alternative Perspectives on Corporate Governance

The objective of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive view of corporate governance than that considered by the traditional agency literature predominately employed in auditing and accounting studies of governance. Specifically, we discuss three widely recognized additional theoretical perspectives: resource dependence, managerial hegemony, and institutional theory. Resource dependence is developed in the strategic management literature and focuses on the contribution of governance mechanisms as a vehicle to help a firm achieve or further its strategic objectives. In contrast with the agency and resource dependence perspectives which offer a functional view of governance, the managerial hegemony perspective views the board and its attendant committees as being under the control of management and hence could be potentially viewed as dysfunctional from a stockholder viewpoint. Finally, institutional theory, developed in the sociology of organizations and organizational behavior literatures, suggests that it is necessary to understand the substance of the interactions between different governance parties and how these parties use at times symbolic gestures and activities to maintain their form to all relevant parties. Although the value of using multiple theoretical perspectives with respect to governance has been well recognized in the economics and behavioral literatures, this is the first paper that we are aware of that examines the effect of using alternative theories of governance on accounting/auditing issues that are influenced by the governance structure of a firm. In addition, we examine how these theories provide a useful basis for reconciling conflicting findings in the existing agency-based audit-related governance literature. Finally, we provide examples of how these alternative theories provide important new insights to issues in auditing research and practice.
A simple fuzzy logic approach to analyze integrated interdisciplinary 'four–component' conceptual resource management models

Four–component conceptual models can link human activities to potential ecological, social, and economic impacts, but they can be difficult to utilize given the range of scales and units present. Fuzzy logic (a rule–based approach applicable to relative or linguistic variables), combined with Monte Carlo simulations, can allow for further analysis of four component models despite the variable units. An analysis of a four–component model for a watershed in central Delaware identified several habitat components as being more or less significant than suggested by the Level 1 ("High" links only) model. The analysis was also used to reduce the number of links, a potentially useful way to create a connected model simplified enough for monitoring and management purposes.
Heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor is a transforming growth factor beta-regulated gene in intestinal epithelial cells.

Heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is an EGF-related peptide with prominent effects on cell growth and migration. We explored potentially unique characteristics of HB-EGF in the intestinal epithelial cell line RIE-1. HB-EGF stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation to a level equivalent to transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha). HB-EGF also rapidly activated MAPK and induced cyclin D1 in mid-G1 with kinetics similar to TGFalpha. Unlike TGFalpha, HB-EGF mRNA was induced within 1 h by a variety of stimuli, including TGFbeta1. Maximal induction by TGFbeta (7-fold) occurred within 2 h of treatment. Actinomycin D decay curves showed that TGFbeta1 had no effect on HB-EGF mRNA half-life (T(1/2) 20 min). Induction of HB-EGF by TGFbeta1 was not affected by pretreatment with the MEK inhibitor PD-98059 while inhibition of protein kinase C either partially (calphostin C) or completely (staurosporin) blocked induction. Our results suggest that major differences exist in the regulation of the closely related EGF family members TGFalpha and HB-EGF. TGFbeta and HB-EGF, structurally unrelated peptides with potent effects on wound healing, may function coordinately to mediate responses to wounding or cell injury in the intestinal epithelium.
Who is satisfied with general surgery clinic visits

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important patient outcome because it informs researchers and practitioners about patients’ experience and identifies potential problems with their care. Patient satisfaction is typically studied through physicianepatient interactions in primary care settings, and little is known about satisfaction with surgical consultations. Methods: Participants responded to questionnaires before and after a surgical consultation. The study was conducted in a diverse outpatient clinic within a county hospital in Southern California. Participants were patients who came to the surgery clinic for their first appointment after referral from a primary care provider for a surgical consultation. Results: Patients’ ethnicity, educational attainment, and insurance status predict their satisfaction, and patients reliably differed in their satisfaction with care providers and with the hospital where they received their care. Conclusions: These findings add to knowledge about patient care by highlighting associations between patients’ demographic characteristics and patients’ differential satisfaction with particular entities within the context of surgical care.
Effects of weight gain induced by controlled overfeeding on physical activity

It is unclear whether physical activity changes following long-term overfeeding and in response to different dietary protein intakes. Twenty-five (16 males, 9 females) healthy adults (18–35 yr) wit...
Computer-assisted versus paper-and-pencil assessment of personal problems in a clinical population

Abstract A limited sample of mental health center clients' responses to the paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted versions of the Personal Problem Checklist (PPC) revealed no significant differences in symptomatology scores, but has indicated differences in the number of problems reported. A validity study regarding the PPC indicated that the checklist did indeed measure personal problems in a consistent manner.
Function Estimation by Feedforward Sigmoidal Networks with BoundedWeights

We address the problem of estimating a function f: [0,1] ^d m [-L,L] by using feedforward sigmoidal networks with a single hidden layer and bounded weights. The only information about the function is provided by an identically independently distributed sample generated according to an unknown distribution. The quality of the estimate is quantified by the expected cost functional and depends on the sample size. We use Lipschitz properties of the cost functional and of the neural networks to derive the relationship between performance bounds and sample sizes within the framework of Valiant‘s probably approximately correct learning.
A constant modulus algorithm for multiuser signal separation in presence of delay spread using antenna arrays

The consider the problem of recovering p synchronous communication signals that are transmitted through a multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) linear channel and are, therefore, received in the presence of both interuser (IUI) and intersymbol interference (ISI). A multichannel linear equalization approach is taken, and we propose to adjust the equalizer coefficients with a blind adaptive algorithm (without the use of training data). This multiuser constant modulus algorithm (MU-CMA) is derived from the minimization of a cost function that penalizes deviations of the equalized signals from the constant modulus property as well as cross-correlations between them. The proposed scheme appears to be an appealing technique for multiuser blind equalization that combines good convergence properties with low computational complexity.
The effects of particulate air pollution on daily deaths: a multi-city case crossover analysis.

Background: Numerous studies have reported that day-to-day changes in particulate air pollution are associated with day-to-day changes in deaths. Recently, several reports have indicated that the software used to control for season and weather in some of these studies had deficiencies. Aims: To investigate the use of the case-crossover design as an alternative. Methods: This approach compares the exposure of each case to their exposure on a nearby day, when they did not die. Hence it controls for seasonal patterns and for all slowly varying covariates (age, smoking, etc) by matching rather than complex modelling. A key feature is that temperature can also be controlled by matching. This approach was applied to a study of 14 US cities. Weather and day of the week were controlled for in the regression. Results: A 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with a 0.36% increase in daily deaths from internal causes (95% CI 0.22% to 0.50%). Results were little changed if, instead of symmetrical sampling of control days the time stratified method was applied, when control days were matched on temperature, or when more lags of winter time temperatures were used. Similar results were found using a Poisson regression, but the case-crossover method has the advantage of simplicity in modelling, and of combining matched strata across multiple locations in a single stage analysis. Conclusions: Despite the considerable differences in analytical design, the previously reported associations of particles with mortality persisted in this study. The association appeared quite linear. Case-crossover designs represent an attractive method to control for season and weather by matching.
A model-theoretic approach to ordinal analysis

We describe a model-theoretic approach to ordinal analysis via the nite combinatorial notion of an -large set of natural numbers. In contrast to syntactic approaches that use cut elimination, this approach involves constructing nite sets of numbers with combinatorial properties that, in nonstandard instances, give rise to models of the theory being analyzed. This method is applied to obtain ordinal analyses of a number of interesting subsystems of rst- and second-order arithmetic.
Elizabeth Adele Greenleaf: Having Some Fun Getting the Job Done

Elizabeth Adele Greenleaf, professor and coordinator of College Student Personnel Administration at Indiana University, made significant contributions to the development of the student affairs profession through her leadership as an educator, administrator, and mentor.
The Molecular Genetics of Basement Membrane Diseases

Background: Keratin filaments, hemidesmosomes, anchoring filaments, the lamina densa, and anchoring fibrils each function to maintain different levels of basement membrane cohesion. Observations: Keratin 5 or 14 mutations are present in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa is characterized by defects of the anchoring filament protein kalinin (alternatively known as nicein). Mutations of the type VII collagen gene appear to be the primary cause of dominant and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Two hemidesmosomal components are the bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigens: BP230 shows homology to desmoplakin, a desmosomal component; BP180 contains extracellular collagen domains. The autoantigens in cicatricial pemphigiod and IgA-mediated autoimmune diseases are less well understood. Type IV collagen chains are affected in Alport's and Goodpasture's syndromes. Conclusions: New diagnostic and therapeutic techniques based on these genetic/biochemical advances are currently being developed.
The relative advantages of plasticity and fixity in different environments: when is it good for a plant to adjust?

Plant populations and species differ greatly in phenotypic plasticity. This could be because plasticity is advantageous under some conditions and disadvantageous or not advantageous under others. We distinguish adaptive from injurious and neutral plasticity and discuss when selection should favor adaptive plasticity over genetic differentiation or lack of phenotypic variation. It seems reasonable to hypothesize that selection is likely to favor plasticity when an environmental factor varies on the same spatial scale as the plant response unit, when the plant can respond to an environmental factor faster than the level of the factor changes, and when environmental variation is highly but not completely predictable. Phenotypic plasticity might also tend to be more advantageous when mean resource availability is high rather than low, when a response can occur late in development rather than early, and when a response is reversible rather than irreversible. There is substantial evidence for the hypothesis that predictability favors plasticity. However, available evidence does not support the hypothesis that high mean resource availability necessarily favors plasticity. Testing hypotheses about when it is good for a plant to adjust is central to understanding the diversity of plasticity in plants.
iMSAT: a novel approach to the development of microsatellite loci using barcoded Illumina libraries

Illumina sequencing with its high number of reads and low per base pair cost is an attractive technology for development of molecular resources for non-model organisms. While many software packages have been developed to identify short tandem repeats (STRs) from next-generation sequencing data, these methods do not inform the investigator as to whether or not candidate loci are polymorphic in their target populations. We provide a python program iMSAT that uses the polymorphism data obtained from mapping individual Illumina sequence reads onto a reference genome to identify polymorphic STRs. Using this approach, we identified 9,119 candidate polymorphic STRs for use with the parasitoid wasp Trioxys pallidus and 2,378 candidate polymorphic STRs for use with the aphid Chromaphis juglandicola. For both organisms we selected 20 candidate tri-nucleotide STRs for validation. Using fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotide primers, we genotyped 91 female T. pallidus collected in nine localities and 46 female C. juglandicola collected in 4 localities and found 15 of the examined markers to be polymorphic for T. pallidus and 12 of the examined markers to be polymorphic for C. juglandicola. We present a novel approach that uses standard Illumina barcoding primers and a single Illumina HiSeq run to target polymorphic STR fragments to develop and test STR markers. We validate this approach using the parasitoid wasp T. pallidus and its aphid host C. juglandicola. This approach, which would also be compatible with 454 Sequencing, allowed us to quickly identify markers with known variability. Accordingly, our method constitutes a significant improvement over existing STR identification software packages.
Commentary: Roentgenographic and Direct Observation of Experimental Lesions

Dr. Rossman is a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics, Clinical Associate Professor of Endodontic School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and is Chairman Emeritus, I.B. Bender Division of Endodontics, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Address requests for reprints to Dr. Rossman, Medical Arts Building, 1601 Walnut St., Suite 1114, Philadelphia, PA 19102-2907.
Prospective FDG-PET and CT assessment of discontinuation of erlotinib (E) or gefitinib (G) in patients with EGFR TKI sensitive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who subsequently progress radiographically on E or G (“acquired resistance”) followed by re-initiation of E or G and the subsequent addition of everolimus (RAD001)

7065 Background: About 10% of patients (pts) with NSCLC have a radiographic response to E or G. A dependence on signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is thought to underlie ...
Rational Design of α-Helical Antimicrobial Peptides

Introduction We believe that a synthetic peptide rational design approach of small incremental changes in hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, amphipathicity, helicity and stability of cationic antimicrobial peptides will enable rapid progress in development of new potential peptide antibiotics. Utilizing this approach, we modified an existing antimicrobial peptide (V681) with excellent antimicrobial activity and strong hemolytic activity (a poor therapeutic index) by substituting single Dor L-amino acid residues in the center of the non-polar and polar face. We were able to optimize the specificity of the parent peptide V681 with significantly increased therapeutic indices for V13KL of 89-fold and 17-fold against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, and for V13AD of 42-fold and 23-fold against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, respectively [1].
High-resolution photodetachment studies of P– and Te–

The photodetachment spectra of ${\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{Te}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are measured in the wavelength region where excitation of the first excited state of P and the ground state of Te becomes energetically possible. A crossed ion-laser beam apparatus is used to measure relative total cross sections from the production of neutral atoms, while the ${\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P ground- and excited-state partial cross sections are separately determined by means of kinetic energy analysis of the photoelectrons. The spectra allow determination of the P and Te electron affinities (EA), which are found to be 0.7464(4) and 1.9708(3) eV, respectively. The fine-structure intervals of the negative ions are found to be $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{J(2\ensuremath{-}1)}({\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=181(3)$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{J(2\ensuremath{-}0)}({\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=263(3)$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{J(\frac{3}{2}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2})}({\mathrm{Te}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=5008(5)$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Comparison is made with previous measurements and values which are predicted from extrapolations. A comparison of the ${\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ multichannel measurements is made with equivalent measurements involving alkali negative ions on the basis of channel coupling. In addition, the relative strengths of the various fine-structure level transitions in ${\mathrm{P}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P are determined; the observed strengths agree much better with the predictions of a geometrical model, than with those made by a statistical-weight argument.
Influence of the marangoni effect on the stability of flows of stratified liquids

A study is made of the effect of a change in interfacial tension on the stability of shear flows of two-component systems. A linear analysis of the stability of motion is performed using the concept of waves of negative energy.
Abstract 5678: Kavalactone yangonin induces autophagy, inhibits TSC-mediated translation initiation and acts synergistically with a kava chalcone flavokawain A on growth inhibition in bladder cancer UMUC-3 cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Autophagy is a tightly regulated lysosomal self-digestion process that has been shown to suppress primary tumor formation. However, the mechanisms and potential usefulness of autophagy induction in cancer prevention remain controversial and largely unknown. To facilitate the study of the potential of autophagy induction as a mechanism for bladder cancer prevention, we have established a bladder cancer cell line with a stably over-expressed EGFP-LC3 gene (a hallmark gene for autophagy). Using this cell line, we screened out kavalactones yangonin and dehydrokawain as strong autophagy inducers in bladder cancer cells, but not the previously defined apoptosis inducers flavokawains also found in kava root extracts. Yangonin treatment at concentrations of 1.25 to 50 μg/ml for eight hours significantly increases the percentage of EGFP-LC3 cells with punctuate EGFP-LC3 fluorescence up to 80%. The induction of autophagy by yangonin treatment was further confirmed by electron microscopy observation of increased autolysosome formation and by western blotting analysis of LC3-II cleavage. The effect of yangonin on autophagy induction corresponds to its anchorage-dependent and independent growth inhibitory effect in a dose and time dependent manner in UM-UC-3 cells. Similarly, yangonin also induces autophagy and inhibits cell growth in another bladder cancer cell line T24. Further study demonstrated that yangonin is less effective in reducing the cell viability of the primary mouse embryo fibroblasts tuberous sclerosis-1 knockout (MEF TSC1−/−) than that of wild-type cells (MEF TSC1+/+) cells. This result suggested that TSC1 may be, at least in part, required for the growth inhibitory effect of yangonin. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed an increased formation of the TSC1/TSC2 immunocomplex after yangonin treatment in UMUC-3 cells. In addition, yangonin treatment of UMUC-3 cells resulted in a decrease in phosphorylation of mTOR and 4E-BP1 with subsequent increased binding of 4E-BP1 to m7GTP, which is responsible for stoppage of translational initiation. Interestingly, yangonin in combination with flavokawain A, an apoptosis inducer, synergistically inhibits the growth of UMUC-3 cells. Taken together, our results may suggest a novel strategy for bladder cancer chemoprevention through combination of autophagy and apoptosis inducers, yangonin and flavokawain A. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5678.
Geospatial Technology in Geography Education

Depending on how you determine the starting point for the technology driving geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing, it is well over fifty years old now. During the first years of ...
Biomarkers, Trauma, and Sepsis in Pediatrics: A Review

Context: There is a logical connection with biomarkers, trauma, and sepsis. This review paper provides new information and clinical practice implications. Biomarkers are very important especially in pediatrics. Procalcitonin and other biomarkers are helpful in identifying neonatal sepsis, defense mechanisms of the immune system. Pediatric trauma and sepsis is very important both in infants and in children. Stress management both in trauma is based upon the notion that stress causes an immune imbalance in susceptible individuals. Evidence Acquisition: Data sources included studies indexed in PubMed, a meta- analysis, predictive values, research strategies, and quality assessments. A recent paper by one of the authors stated marked increase in serum procalcitonin during the course of a septic process often indicates an exacerbation of the illness, and a decreasing level is a sign of improvement. A review of epidemiologic studies on pediatric soccer patients was also addressed. Keywords for searching included biomarkers, immunity, trauma, and sepsis. Results: Of 50 reviewed articles, 34 eligible articles were selected including biomarkers, predictive values for procalcitonin, identifying children at risk for intra-abdominal injuries, blunt trauma, and epidemiology, a meta-analysis. Of neonatal associated sepsis, the NF-kappa B pathway by inflammatory stimuli in human neutrophils, predictive value of gelsolin for the outcomes of preterm neonates, a metaanalysis interleukin-8 for neonatal sepsis diagnosis. Conclusions: Biomarkers are very important especially in pediatrics. Procalcitonin and other biomarkers are helpful in identifying neonatal sepsis, defense mechanisms, and physiological functions of the immune system. Pediatric trauma and sepsis is very important both in infants and in children. Various topics were covered such as biomarkers, trauma, sepsis, inflammation, innate immunity, role of neutrophils and IL-8, reactive oxygen species, neonatal hypoxia, NF-kappa B related to inflammation. These topics are clearly linked and are very important for pediatricians, pulmonologists, and immunologists in academic centers and in practice.
Associations Between Recent Bereavement and Psychological and Financial Burden in Homebound Older Adults

IntroductionBereavement is common in older adults, but it remains unknown whether bereavement contributes to poor outcomes in the vulnerable population of older adults receiving home-based services...
Analysis of Factors Affecting Insulator Windage Angle in Xinjiang

The main cause for the higher than national average wind deflection caused trip rate in Xinjiang is that strong wind causes flashover.Besides,wide usage of composite insulators is also responsible for frequent flashovers.Factors affecting wind deflection caused discharge include wind speed,wind pressure ununiformity coefficient,induded angle between wind and conductor,and transmission line parameters,etc.By carefully analyzing these factors,it is concluded that wind speed,wind pressure ununiformity coefficient,and vertical span have large influences.It is important to determine wind speed in line design.Adding heavy damper on suspension tower's insulator string to prevent wind deflection is not very effective.
Nuclear receptors for thyroid hormone.

The concept that thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) might act by modification of nuclear RNA synthesis was advanced by Tata in the early 1960’s (Tata, Ernster, and Suranyi, 1962). He reported that T4 induced new RNA and protein synthesis, and indicated later that the earliest observable effect was on the function of nuclear magnesium-dependent polymerase involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis (Tata and Widnell, 1966). An effect was observed 12 hours after administration of hormone to hypothyroid rats. In 1966, Cohen reported that T4 treatment augmented template function of tadpole liver chromatin (Kim and Cohen, 1966), and Tabachnick reported binding of thyroid hormone to histone from calf thymus nuclei (Tabachnick and Giorgio, 1966).
The Social Context of Language Contact in the Informal Economy

In the predawn hours of the Arizona winter, shivering day laborers, their shoulders hunched forward in their jackets against the sharp desert air, huddled around a wobbling card table that served as the Day Labor Center’s (DLC’s) operational headquarters in the parking lot of Hope Christian Church. At precisely 6 o’clock, workers distributed tickets for that morning’s hiring raffle. The sound of a voice reading off ticket numbers and the response of ticket holders calling out their names intermingled with the hiss and glug of coffee percolating in the industrial pot powered by extension cords snaking across the concrete. As the list grew, the serious hush morphed into murmurs and then conversations. Everyone knew that if your name was more than halfway down the hiring list, there was little chance you would get a job that day. Some of the workers who had not been lucky in that morning’s raffle got out their cell phones and started calling employers or friends who might have a lead on a job. Others would try to negotiate directly with employers who came to the Day Labor Center that day and compete with workers who were further up on the hiring list. A few workers might sign up as volunteers for the morning—monitoring the hiring list, cleaning the bathroom, or directing traffic—which insured their place at the top of the list the next day.
Terahertz-Driven Luminescence and Colossal Stark Effect in CdSe–CdS Colloidal Quantum Dots

Optical properties of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), arising from quantum mechanical confinement of charge, present a versatile testbed for the study of how high electric fields affect the electronic structure of nanostructured solids. Studies of quasi-DC electric field modulation of QD properties have been limited by electrostatic breakdown processes under high externally applied electric fields, which have restricted the range of modulation of QD properties. In contrast, here we drive CdSe–CdS core–shell QD films with high-field THz-frequency electromagnetic pulses whose duration is only a few picoseconds. Surprisingly, in response to the THz excitation, we observe QD luminescence even in the absence of an external charge source. Our experiments show that QD luminescence is associated with a remarkably high and rapid modulation of the QD bandgap, which changes by more than 0.5 eV (corresponding to 25% of the unperturbed bandgap energy). We show that these colossal energy shifts can be expla...
Extension of Classical Experimental Techniques for Characterizing Composite-material Behavior

A finite-element-based experimental technique is presented for determining the anisotropic behavior of composite materials from a broad class of experimental specimens. A brief review of the mathematical formulation precedes the discussion of three experiments which constitute a laboratory verification of the experimental technique. The class of specimens under consideration in this paper includes both flat sheets in plane stress and thin shells subjected to combined membrane and bending deformations.
Objective Bayes models for compatibility assessment and bias estimation

Abstract The paper derives a class of non-informative, probability matching priors and of default, data-dependent priors for the difference in two normal means when the variance(s) are unknown. These distributions are useful to get a Bayesian model in the situation where one has to assess compatibility of data obtained by a laboratory with the specified values and uncertainty estimate given in the certificate of analysis. The latter is then interpreted as the parameter assignment for measurand’s normal distribution. The Bayes rules arising from these prior distributions are compared via the frequentist coverage probability of corresponding credible intervals for lab’s bias.