cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simple shear detachment fault system and marginal grabens in the southernmost Red Sea rift

Abstract The NNW-SSE oriented Red Sea rift, which separates the African and Arabian plates, bifurcates southwards into two parallel branches, southeastern and southern, collectively referred to as the southernmost Red Sea rift. The southern branch forms the magmatically and seismo-tectonically active Afar rift, while the less active southeastern branch connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden through the strait of Bab el Mandeb. The Afar rift is characterized by lateral heterogeneities in crustal thickness, and along-strike variation in extension. The Danakil horst, a counterclockwise rotating, narrow sliver of coherent continental relic, stands between the two rift branches. The western margin of the Afar rift is marked by a series of N-S aligned right-lateral-stepping and seismo-tectonically active marginal grabens. The tectonic configuration of the parallel rift branches, the alignment of the marginal grabens, and the Danakil horst are linked to the initial mode of stretching of the continental crust and its progressive deformation that led to the breakup of the once contiguous African–Arabian plates. We attribute the initial stretching of the continental crust to a simple shear ramp-flat detachment fault geometry where the marginal grabens mark the breakaway zone. The rift basins represent the ramps and the Danakil horst corresponds to the flat in the detachment fault system. As extension progressed, pure shear deformation dominated and overprinted the initial low-angle detachment fault system. Magmatic activity continues to play an integral part in extensional deformation in the southernmost Red Sea rift.
Bioassay of Water from a Concretion‐Forming Marl Lake

Using a pure, bacteria-free culture of Nostoc muscorum as a bioassay test organism, it was found that the water of Bass Lake, Livingston Co., Michigan, had a severe phosphate deficiency and less severe deficiencies of K, Fe, Mn, and Mg. Emission spectrographic analyses showed that the concretions had Ca as the principal constituent, Mg as the major impurity, and Fe, Si, Mn, Al, and Sr as minor impurities. When boiled, the lake water formed a white precipitate of CaC03, which could be prevented by the addition of a very small amount of KtHPOd. It is suggested that concretion formation in marl lakes is associated with extreme phosphate deficiency.
Inherited disorders of voltage-gated sodium channels

A variety of inherited human disorders affecting skeletal muscle contraction, heart rhythm, and nervous system function have been traced to mutations in genes encoding voltage-gated sodium channels. Clinical severity among these conditions ranges from mild or even latent disease to life-threatening or incapacitating conditions. The sodium channelopathies were among the first recognized ion channel diseases and continue to attract widespread clinical and scientific interest. An expanding knowledge base has substantially advanced our understanding of structure-function and genotype-phenotype relationships for voltage-gated sodium channels and provided new insights into the pathophysiological basis for common diseases such as cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsy.
Methods for Surgical Targeting of the STN in Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease

Patients with Parkinson’s disease experience progressive neurological decline, and future interventional therapies are thought to show most promise in early stages of the disease. There is much interest in therapies that target the subthalamic nucleus (STN) with surgical access. While locating STN in advanced disease patients (Hoehn-Yahr III or IV) is well understood and routinely performed at many centers in the context of deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS), the ability to identify this nucleus in early stage patients has not previously been explored in a sizeable cohort. We report surgical methods used to target the STN nucleus in fifteen patients with early Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn-Yahr II), using a combination of image guided surgery, microelectrode recordings and clinical responses to macrostimulation of the region surrounding the STN. Measures of electrophysiology (firing rates, root mean squared activity) have previously been found to be lower than in later stage patients, however, the patterns of electrophysiology seen and dopamimetic macrostimulation effects are qualitatively similar to those seen in advanced stages. Our experience with surgical implantation of Parkinson’s patients with minimal motor symptoms suggest that it remains possible to accurately target the STN in early stage Parkinson’s disease using traditional methods.
Future strategies needed for palliative care.

Too many cancer patients have less than optimal care at the end of life, as measured by unrelieved pain, death in a setting other than home, and uncoordinated care. Solutions will require at least the following: (1) new models of care and better coordination of care; (2) new drugs or techniques; (3) better professional knowledge and dissemination of that knowledge; (4) facing the issue of death; and (5) acknowledgment of cost constraints. Cost constraints will lead to more gaps between the haves and have nots in the United States in the next 5 years.
Data warehouse design for pharmaceutical drug discovery research

Pharmaceutical companies spend billions of dollars annually on drug discovery research. In the process, they generate vast amounts of scientific data. Data warehousing could significantly shorten the research cycle that leads to a new drug. We propose a framework for the application of data warehousing to integrate a pharmaceutical company's drug discovery data. We provide an analysis of the principal activities involved in drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry, and a set of questions from which potential queries can be derived. This information is used to identify fact and dimension tables, and a dimensional data model for a drug discovery data warehouse is proposed.
Two characterizations of matrices with the Perron-Frobenius property

SUMMARY Two characterizations of general matrices for which the spectral radius is an eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector is either positive or nonnegative are presented. One is a full characterization in terms of the sign of the entries of the spectral projector. In another case, dierent necessary and sucient conditions are presented which relate to the classes of the matrix. These characterizations generalize well-known results for nonnegative matrices. Copyright c 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of large bulk viscosity on large-Reynolds-number flows

We examine the inviscid and boundary-layer approximations in fluids having bulk viscosities which are large compared with their shear viscosities for three-dimensional steady flows over rigid bodies. We examine the first-order corrections to the classical lowest-order inviscid and laminar boundary-layer flows using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. It is shown that the effects of large bulk viscosity are non-negligible when the ratio of bulk to shear viscosity is of the order of the square root of the Reynolds number. The first-order outer flow is seen to be rotational, non-isentropic and viscous but nevertheless slips at the inner boundary. First-order corrections to the boundary-layer flow include a variation of the thermodynamic pressure across the boundary layer and terms interpreted as heat sources in the energy equation. The latter results are a generalization and verification of the predictions of Emanuel (Phys. Fluids A, vol. 4, 1992, pp. 491–495).
News from the funding front: upcoming opportunities, proposals welcomed.

Many life sciences faculty and administrators are unaware of existing funding programs and of the strategies needed for writing an educationally related proposal. We hope to remedy this problem by ...
Practical maintenance of evolving metadata for digital preservation: algorithmic solution and system support

Metadata (i.e., data describing about data) of digital objects plays an important role in digital libraries and archives, and thus its quality needs to be maintained well. However, as digital objects evolve over time, their associated metadata evolves as well, causing a consistency issue. Since various functionalities of applications containing digital objects (e.g., digital library, public image repository) are based on metadata, evolving metadata directly affects the quality of such applications. To make matters worse, modern data applications are often large-scale (having millions of digital objects) and are constructed by software agents or crawlers (thus often having automatically populated and erroneous metadata). In such an environment, it is challenging to quickly and accurately identify evolving metadata and fix them (if needed) while applications keep running. Despite the importance and implications of the problem, the conventional solutions have been very limited. Most of existing metadata-related approaches either focus on the model and semantics of metadata, or simply keep authority file of some sort for evolving metadata, and never fully exploit its potential usage from the system point of view. On the other hand, the question that we raise in this paper is “when millions of digital objects and their metadata are given, (1) how to quickly identify evolving metadata in various context? and (2) once the evolving metadata are identified, how to incorporate them into the system?” The significance of this paper is that we investigate scalable algorithmic solution toward the identification of evolving metadata and emphasize the role of “systems” for maintenance, and argue that “systems” must keep track of metadata changes pro-actively, and leverage on the learned knowledge in their various services.
A fault-tolerant and deadlock-free routing protocol in 2D meshes based on odd-even turn model

We propose a deterministic fault-tolerant and deadlock-free routing protocol in two-dimensional (2D) meshes based on dimension-order routing and the odd-even turn model. The proposed protocol, called extended X-Y routing, does not use any virtual channels by prohibiting certain locations of faults and destinations. Faults are contained in a set of disjointed rectangular regions called faulty blocks. The number of faults to be tolerated is unbounded as long as nodes outside faulty blocks are connected in the 2D mesh network. The extended X-Y routing can also be used under a special convex fault region called an orthogonal faulty block, which can be derived from a given faulty block by activating some nonfaulty nodes in the block. Extensions to partially adaptive routing, traffic and adaptivity-balancing using virtual networks, and routing without constraints using virtual channels and virtual networks are also discussed.
Geologic Evidence of Hurricane Katrina Recovered from the Pearl River Marsh, MS/LA

Abstract Hurricane Katrina made its final landfall on August 29, 2005, as a category three storm, at the mouth of the Pearl River on the Mississippi/Louisiana border. Between October and December of 2005, 16 cores were recovered along two transects in the Pearl River Marsh: one running east to west across the mouth of the delta, and the other running south to north through the center of the basin. Loss-on-ignition and grain-size analysis clearly identified the sediments deposited by the storm and the resulting 5.9 m storm surge. The inorganic storm layer consisted of fine grain sands and silts, which were easily distinguished from the organic peat that develops naturally in the marsh. Although the Pearl River Marsh received uniform storm surge, the storm layer was unevenly distributed and was thicker and more pronounced toward the center of the marsh. The funneling of the storm surge by the floodplain terraces and/or the winnowing effect of wave action could account for this variability. Only 5 of the 16 ...
INDUCED UNRESPONSIVENESS TO SIMPLE ALLERGENIC CHEMICALS II. INDEPENDENCE OF DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY AND FORMATION OF CIRCULATING ANTIBODY

Normal guinea pigs fed chemical haptens develop a specific state of unresponsiveness, inhibiting subsequent development of dermal sensitization with the same hapten and modifying profoundly the synthesis of anaphylactic antibody in response to hapten conjugated to guinea pig proteins. The degree of unresponsiveness has been tested by exposing hapten-fed animals to intense haptenic stimulation. Animals of groups that were demonstrably unresponsive to picryl chloride could be made to form hapten-specific antibody by injecting picrylated bovine gamma globulin. Specific anaphylactic-type antibodies, presumably 7S γ1, were synthesized, and in animals given PBGG adsorbed to alumina there arose a measurable concentration of precipitating antibody, presumably 7S γ2, perhaps slightly earlier than in similarly treated control animals. Attempts to impose contact-type reactivity on such unresponsive animals met with limited success. Injection of picrylated guinea pig erythrocyte stromata in a complete Freund's adjuvant, with subsequent applications of picryl chloride to the dermis, led to definite contact sensitivity to 0.3 per cent picryl chloride, whereas parallel treatment of normal control animals induced sensitivity to 0.006 or 0.002 per cent. By this double method of stimulation, hapten-fed animals did not advance in sensitivity by reason of the secondary dermal applications of the simple chemical, whereas control animals developed increasingly higher sensitivity by these contacts in what appeared to be a stepwise manner. Picryl chloride-fed guinea pigs injected intradermally with picryl chloride either after or before forming picryl-specific circulating antibody still remained unable to develop picryl-specific contact hypersensitivity. Control animals synthesizing picryl-specific antibody subsequently responded to intradermal injection of picryl chloride with contact-type sensitivity. Interpretations of these results are discussed and the view is presented that delayed-type hypersensitivity and circulating antibodies of the varieties measured here are formed independently of each other.
Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA: Properties, Regulation and Suppression

In Neurospora, a gene not paired with a homolog in prophase I of meiosis generates a signal that transiently silences all sequences homologous to it by a process called meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD). Thus a deletion mutation in a heterozygous cross is formally "ascus-dominant" because its unpaired wild-type partner silences itself. We describe in detail the isolation of a mutation, Sad-1(UV), that suppresses the dominance of various ascus-dominant mutations. Additional dominant, semidominant, and recessive Sad-1 alleles have been generated by RIP; the DNA of the dominant RIP alleles becomes methylated, but dim-2-dependent methylation is not necessary for silencing. The barrenness of homozygous Sad-1 crosses is not due to the failure to silence unpaired mating-type mat A-2 mat A-3 genes. Transcripts of sad-1(+) can be detected during the sexual phase in a homozygous wild-type cross, indicating that the gene is expressed even if all DNA can pair normally. Meiotic silencing is confined to the ascus in which DNA is unpaired, and silencing does not spread to neighboring asci in a fruiting body of mixed genetic constitution.
Late capsular bag contraction and intraocular lens subluxation in retinitis pigmentosa: a case report

Retinitis pigmentosa is clinically characterized by loss of predominantly rod photoreceptor function as well as loss of peripheral vision. The classic clinical triad is considered to be the presence of bone spicule pigmentation in the peripheral retina, arteriolar attenuation, and waxy disc pallor. Cataracts, most commonly of the posterior subcapsular type, are often found in all forms of retinitis pigmentosa. Ectopia lentis and lens dislocation are known risk factors for those with retinitis pigmentosa, presumably secondary to zonular fiber weakness and vitreous degeneration. The post-operative complication of lens dislocation following cataract extraction in patients with retinitis pigmentosa has also been documented. We report a case of severe capsular bag contraction with intraocular lens subluxation following cataract extraction in a 58-year-old Hispanic woman with retinitis pigmentosa. Patients with retinitis pigmentosa undergoing cataract surgery should be notified of this potentially late complication of surgery.
Intrinsic diurnal variations in cardiac metabolism and contractile function

Diurnal variation of cardiac function in vivo has been attributed primarily to changes in factors such as sympathetic activity. No study has investigated previously the intrinsic properties of the heart throughout the day. We therefore investigated diurnal variations in metabolic flux and contractile function of the isolated working rat heart and how this related to circadian expression of metabolic genes. Contractile performance, carbohydrate oxidation, and oxygen consumption were greatest in the middle of the night, with little variation in fatty acid oxidation. The expression of all metabolic genes investigated (including regulators of carbohydrate utilization, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial function) showed diurnal variation, with a general peak in the night. In contrast, pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy completely abolished this diurnal variation of metabolic gene expression. Thus, over the course of the day, the normal heart anticipates, responds, and adapts to physiological alterations within its environment, a trait that is lost by the hypertrophied heart. We speculate that loss of plasticity of the hypertrophied heart may play a role in the subsequent development of contractile dysfunction.
Introducing Followership into the Leadership Classroom: An Integrative Approach.

Developing followers is just as important as developing leaders. This brief outlines strategies for integrating material on followership into three leadership course units: introduction to leadership, leadership theories, and leadership ethics. Instructors can highlight the importance of followership by emphasizing that (a) leaders and followers have an interdependent relationship, (b) followers are essential to group success, (c) followers are an important component in many leadership theories, and (d) followers are responsible for their moral choices and face their own set of ethical challenges.
Radiopaque Polymer Hydrogel Used as a Fiducial Marker in Gynecologic Brachytherapy

the traditionally planned patients to document doses delivered to OAR that were not originally recorded. Results: All 7 patients treated in the traditional approach did not meet the vaginal point constraints, and 3 of those 7 patients developed severe fibrosis and/or fistula. One patient treated in the traditional approach exceeded small bowel constraints and died from complications of bowel perforation. No patients treated using the comprehensive approach exceeded small bowel constraint. Eleven patients did not meet the recently published urethral constraints, although to date, we have not observed urethral late toxicity. No patients treated using the comprehensive approach have developed any late toxicity to date, although followup for this cohort is shorter. Conclusion: We present a practical approach to interstitial brachytherapy planning that meets both the ABS guidelines and other normal tissue toxicity constraints. This technique is reproducible and does not significantly add to treatment planning time. We recommend using the more comprehensive technique to accurately document dose to all regional organs at risk in order to minimize late toxicity.
Elastomeric properties of bimodal networks prepared by simultaneous curing-filling technique

If the tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) used to end link hydroxyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) chains is present in excess, there are two effects on the resulting network structure. First, some of the excess TEOS hydrolyzes to give in situ precipitation of reinforcing silica particles. In addition, some can cause extension of the polymer chains, particularly of the shorter chains in the case of a bimodal network. In the present investigation, the ultimate strength and toughness of such bimodal networks was found to go through a maximum with increase in the amount of excess TEOS used in the curingfilling procedure.
Addressing globalization in Civil Engineering at the United States Coast Guard Academy

The United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) graduates between twenty and forty officers each year with an undergraduate degree in Civil Engineering. It is imperative that graduates of the program are prepared to serve as both officers and civil engineers in an increasingly global society. This paper summarizes current efforts and future opportunities to infuse global issues and cultural awareness into the curriculum. Initiatives are presented in the context of requirements to graduate students in four years with an ABET accredited civil engineering degree and ready to serve as officers in the United States Coast Guard. Among the ideas and initiatives discussed are international projects, use of global case studies and issues, leveraging experiences of international students and faculty, culture and language courses, participation in international conferences and societies, inclusion of guest speakers with international experience, and the pursuit of study abroad opportunities. With a greater infusion of global and cultural issues into the curriculum, Coast Guard civil engineering graduates will be better prepared to meet the challenges they will face as officers and practicing professional engineers in the twenty first century.
Anxiety disorders in African-American and white children

There are little available data on African-American children with anxiety disorders. Treatment-seeking African-American (n=30) and white children (n=139), with a current DSM-III-R anxiety disorder, were compared on sociodemographic background variables, clinical characteristics, and lifetime rates of specific DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. Overall, results suggested that the anxiety-disordered African-American and white children who sought treatment from an outpatient mental health facility were more similar than different. The two groups did, however, differ somewhat on several variables (trend only), including rates of school refusal, severity of primary anxiety disorder, lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, and total scores on the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised. More specifically, white children were more likely to present with school refusal and higher severity ratings, while African American children were more likely to have a history of posttraumatic stress disorder and score higher on the FSSC-R. The impact of these findings and the need for additional research are discussed.
Achieving National Recognition Through Experiential Learning

A student marketing organization was created as an internship project sponsored by General Motors (GM). Students gained hands-on experience in marketing the products and services of a local General Motors dealership selected by GM. The finalist team members presented the results of the project to a panel of GM representatives. The plan and its implementation which resulted in first place in a nationwide competition will be discussed. This paper will evaluate the project and determine the benefits to students, the faculty member, the University, and the community.
Correlates of long-term physical activity adherence in women.

Abstract Background Little is known about the factors that may influence women's adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of long-term physical activity (PA) participation among women. Methods Female data from Waves I, III, and IV (n = 5381) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were used for the analysis. The outcome of PA adherence was operationalized as (1) consistently physically active (at least 5 instances during the week) in both Waves III and IV (during adulthood), and (2) consistently not physically active or only physically active in either Wave III or IV. Predictor variables from Wave I (during adolescence) included race/ethnicity, PA level, self-perception of being physically fit, general health status, attempt to change weight, parents' income level, parents' education, well-being, depression, access to PA resources, days of physical education (PE), and grade level. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for the outcome variable. Results PA levels during adolescence significantly predicted PA adherence (aOR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.35–2.05). Additionally, wanting to lose weight (aOR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.20–1.85), using fitness center in the neighborhood (aOR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.05–1.58), and having 5 days of PE a week (aOR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.09–2.02) were significant predictors. Women who did not perceive being physically fit (aOR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44–0.95) and Black, non-Hispanics (aOR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44–0.82) were less likely to adhere to PA. Conclusion The findings suggested that physically active adolescents were more likely to become active adults. Future research should address interventions (e.g., PE program, community resources) that may promote lifetime PA in women, with the goal of decreasing morbidity and mortality.
Abstract WP34: Factors Associated with Reduced use of Stroke MRI: an Analysis of Practice Patterns

Background: Guidelines support the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of acute stroke, however the perceived value of MRI information to providers in different clinical scenarios is not known. We aimed to identify patient characteristics associated with lower MRI use as means of identifying possible clinical scenarios where providers may perceive MRI to be less valuable. Methods: Stroke hospitalizations (principal ICD-9-CM 433.x1, 434.x1, 436) were identified from the State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 2003-2009 for 12 states. MRI utilization was identified using revenue codes and ICD-9 procedure codes. Patient characteristics were abstracted from the hospitalization record. Multi-level logistic regression with a random hospital-level intercept was used to estimate the association between patient characteristics (demographics, vascular risk factors, stroke mimics, comorbidities, regional socioeconomic status) and MRI. Effect sizes were estimated using posterior probabilities with all covariates held at their means. Sensitivity analyses accounting for the distribution of MRI contraindications were performed. Results: 670,309 hospitalizations were included in our sample; 51% of the population received MRI. From the model (area under ROC 0.82), age and potential cardioembolic source (atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction) were associated with a lower probability of MRI utilization (table). The predicted probability of MRI in a 50 year old was 63.7% (95% CI 61.5%-65.9%) compared to 41.6% (39.4%-43.9%) in an 80 year-old. In sensitivity analysis, the association between cardioembolic sources and lower MRI use remained significant after accounting for extreme assumptions about the distribution of MRI contraindications. Conclusions: In routine care, MRI may have less perceived value by providers in stroke patients who are older and have a potential cardioembolic source.
Medical History, Lifestyle, Family History, and Occupational Risk Factors for Adult Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: The InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project

Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) in adults is a rare malignancy with a poor clinical outcome, and few reported etiologic risk factors. Methods We performed an exploratory pooled study of 152 ALL cases and 23096 controls from 16 case-control studies to investigate the role of medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors and risk of ALL. Age- race/ethnicity-, sex-, and study-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Results An increased risk of ALL was found in those with a family history of a hematological malignancy (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.22 to 5.54) and in leather (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.35 to 11.35) and sewing/embroidery workers (OR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.00 to 8.49). Consumers of alcohol had an increased risk of B-cell ALL (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.18 to 6.95). Conclusions The small number of statistically significant risk factors identified out of the 112 variables examined could be chance findings and will require further replication to assess their role in the etiology of adult ALL.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Child-Centered Therapy for Child Anxiety Disorders

This study compared individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a supportive child-centered therapy (CCT) for child anxiety disorders on rates of treatment response and recovery at posttreatment and 1-year follow-up, as well as on real-world measures of emotional functioning. Youth (N = 133; ages 9-14) with anxiety disorders (generalized, separation, and/or social anxiety) were randomized using a 2:1 ratio to CBT (n = 90) or CCT (n = 43), which served as an active comparison. Treatment response and recovery at posttreatment and 1-year follow-up were assessed by Independent Evaluators, and youth completed ecological momentary assessment of daily emotions throughout treatment. The majority of youth in both CBT and CCT were classified as treatment responders (71.1% for CBT, 55.8% for CCT), but youth treated with CBT were significantly more likely to fully recover, no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for any of the targeted anxiety disorders and no longer showing residual symptoms (66.7% for CBT vs. 46.5% for CCT). Youth treated with CBT also reported significantly lower negative emotions associated with recent negative events experienced in daily life during the latter stages of treatment relative to youth treated with CCT. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of youth treated with CBT compared to CCT were in recovery at 1-year follow-up (82.2% for CBT vs. 65.1% for CCT). These findings indicate potential benefits of CBT above and beyond supportive therapy on the breadth, generalizability, and durability of treatment-related gains.
Classification and Analysis of Toxic Medical Materials and Decoction Pieces in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition)

OBJECTIVE:To understand roundly and better implement the related regulations of toxic medical materials in the first part of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition),and to ensure safe and rational drug use in the clinic.METHODS:The contents of toxic medical material and decoction pieces in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition) were classified and analyzed.RESULTS CONCLUSION:There were a total of 83 toxic medical materials recorded in the first part of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition).Toxicity grading,usage and dosage,contraindication in pregnancy and incompatibility of medicines possessed different characteristics.It provide evidence and guidance for the safe and rational use of drugs in the clinic,so they should be treated carefully and be enforced strictly.At the same time,the standards on toxic medical materials should be further in-depth studied.
Computer Monitoring and Control System for the First-stage Water Diversion Pumping Station in Zhoushan Mainland

A brief introduction is given to the Zhoushan mainland water diversion engineering project,and the general situation of the computer monitoring control system of the pumping station at Lanshan and Lixidu is also introduced. Through comparison of the differences of the computer monitoring control systems of the two pumping stations,a stable,a reliable and safe scheme is proposed for the designing and implementation of such systems,and it can be taken as a reference for Zhoushan mainland follow-up water diversion projects and other similar engineering projects.
The Future of Cardiovascular Biomedicine

Not since Osler have such powerful currents of change been evident in biomedicine. As the scale of the biomedical enterprise has grown to represent some 20% of the US economy, so the pressures to remodel almost every facet of the so-called medical-industrial complex have become irresistible. New contributors to the discipline and accelerating technological innovations will affect biomedicine in predictable and unpredictable ways, but the radical pace of some of the evolving change is already making the future more uncertain for the field than at any time since the postwar era. Although financial exigencies are driving the entry of many nontraditional participants into the biomedical arena, several other global scientific and secular trends are contributing importantly to the sense of imminent transformation. The enthusiasm for molecular medicine that began almost 20 years ago as disease genes were cloned, combined with the new mechanistic insights that this effort spurred, is finally being applied to the clinical arena. Early successes in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer and the rapid commoditization of sequencing and other technologies are illuminating strategies to bring similar transformation to nonclonal chronic disease. There have also been remarkable developments in many other areas of fundamental and translational science. For example, the discovery of cellular reprogramming to pluripotency and the feasibility of recreating in vitro from patient-derived samples all the cell autonomous components of disease have opened new approaches to mechanistic modeling and drug discovery. The ease of generating recombinant proteins, humanized monoclonal antibodies, and stable forms of the full repertoire of RNAs has revolutionized our ability to manipulate disease pathways therapeutically, whereas gene-editing technologies also promise to affect every field. The translation of numerous other innovations, such as nanotechnology or single-cell analysis, is imminent, but perhaps the largest impact will come from the long overdue penetration of computation …
Atmospheric River Landfall-Latitude Changes in Future Climate Simulations

The latitude of landfall for atmospheric rivers (ARs) is examined in the fully coupled half-degree version of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) for warm future climate simulations. Two regions are examined: U.S. West Coast/North Pacific ARs, and United Kingdom/North Atlantic ARs. Changes in AR landfall-latitude reflect changes in the atmospheric steering flow. West coast U.S. ARs are projected to push equatorward in response to the subtropical jet climate change. UK AR response is dominated by eddy-driven jets and is seasonally dependent. UK simulated AR response is modest in the winter with the largest relative changes occurring in the seasonal transition months. Precipitation associated with ARs is also projected to increase in intensity under global warming. CCSM4 projects a marked shift to higher rainfall rates for Southern California. Small to modest rainfall rates may increase for all UK latitudes, for the Pacific Northwest, and central and northern California.
Reidian Moral Perception

It is a common antirealist strategy to reject realism about some domain of entities for broadly epistemological reasons. When this strategy is applied to realism about moral facts, it takes something like the following form: The moral realist believes that there are full-blooded, irreducible moral facts. But if there are moral facts of this sort, then we shall have no plausible story to tell about how we have epistemic access to them. After all, how can facts about what ought to be the case impinge upon our cognitive faculties so as to produce the corresponding states of knowledge? Indeed, rather than give us any plausible story about how we have epistemic access to moral facts, the realist posits a moral faculty by which we are supposed to ‘intuit’ or ‘see’ moral facts. But in doing so, the realist offers us an overly mysterious epistemology in addition to an already mysterious ontology. But any good theory ought not to multiply mysteries. So, all other things being equal, we ought to reject moral realism.
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy – An overview of surgical techniques

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is one of the commonest indications for epilepsy surgery. Presurgical evaluation for drug resistant epilepsy and identification of appropriate candidates for surgery is essential for optimal seizure freedom. The anatomy of mesial temporal lobe is complex and needs to be understood in the context of the advanced imaging, ictal and interictal Video_EEG monitoring, neuropsychology and psychiatric considerations. The completeness of disconnection of epileptogenic neural networks is paramount and is correlated with the extent of resection of the mesial temporal structures. In the Indian subcontinent, a standard but extended anterior temporal lobectomy is a viable option in view of the diverse socioeconomic, cultural and pathological considerations. The maximum utilization of epilepsy surgery services in this region is also a challenge. There is a need for regional comprehensive epilepsy care teams in a tertiary care academic hospital to form centers of excellence catering to a large population.
Female friendships and relations with disordered eating

Friendships are an important source of support for college women; however, aspects of close relationships can also have negative effects. The present study explored conversations that college women have with their closest female friends about dieting, bingeing, purging, working out, and comparing their bodies to peers, the media, and each other, and whether discussing these topics was related to disordered eating attitudes/behaviors. Participants were 441 female college students who completed a survey regarding whether they talked about the aforementioned topics in close female friendships. In this sample, 56% talked with their closest female friend about dieting, 14% about bingeing, 3% about purging, 89% about working out, and 22–39% about comparisons. Number of body- and disordered eating-related topics discussed was associated with greater eating pathology and weight/shape concern, with some specific conversation topics accounting for unique variance in disordered eating above and beyond number of topi...
The impact of intraocular pressure on elastic wave velocity estimates in the crystalline lens

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is believed to influence the mechanical properties of ocular tissues including cornea and sclera. The elastic properties of the crystalline lens have been mainly investigated with regard to presbyopia, the age-related loss of accommodation power of the eye. However, the relationship between the elastic properties of the lens and IOP remains to be established. The objective of this study is to measure the elastic wave velocity, which represents the mechanical properties of tissue, in the crystalline lens ex vivo in response to changes in IOP. The elastic wave velocities in the cornea and lens from seven enucleated bovine globe samples were estimated using ultrasound shear wave elasticity imaging. To generate and then image the elastic wave propagation, an ultrasound imaging system was used to transmit a 600 µs pushing pulse at 4.5 MHz center frequency and to acquire ultrasound tracking frames at 6 kHz frame rate. The pushing beams were separately applied to the cornea and lens. IOP in the eyeballs was varied from 5 to 50 mmHg. The results indicate that while the elastic wave velocity in the cornea increased from 0.96 ± 0.30 m s−1 to 6.27 ± 0.75 m s−1 as IOP was elevated from 5 to 50 mmHg, there were insignificant changes in the elastic wave velocity in the crystalline lens with the minimum and the maximum speeds of 1.44 ± 0.27 m s−1 and 2.03 ± 0.46 m s−1, respectively. This study shows that ultrasound shear wave elasticity imaging can be used to assess the biomechanical properties of the crystalline lens noninvasively. Also, it was observed that the dependency of the crystalline lens stiffness on the IOP was significantly lower in comparison with that of cornea.
Oesophageal cancer presenting as Lemierre’s syndrome caused by Streptococcus anginosus

A 59-year-old man presented to the emergency department with complaints of dysphagia, right-sided neck swelling, fever and chills. Physical examination was remarkable for fever and tender swelling over the right side of the neck. Laboratory investigations revealed leucocytosis with neutrophilia. CT of the neck showed right internal jugular vein thrombosis with an overlying abscess and a nodular opacity in the right lung apex with air locules. He underwent surgical drainage of the neck abscess. Aerobic cultures from the drainage and blood cultures grew Streptococcus anginosus. Given his initial complaint of dysphagia, upper endoscopy was performed which showed a mass in the upper oesophagus. Histopathology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. The patient received 6 weeks of antibiotics therapy.
Effect of Host Blood–Derived Antibodies Targeting Critical Mosquito Neuronal Receptors and Other Proteins: Disruption of Vector Physiology and Potential for Disease Control

Abstract The history of researching and developing vaccines for targeting critical proteins in arthropod vectors is long but intermittent; thus, much remains to be discovered and developed. The longest and most advanced research in this field has been with ticks, in which there are now many identified targets and a commercial vaccine against Rhipicephalus microplus. However, it is clear that critical biomolecules in other vectors, such as mosquitoes, can and should be targeted with host antibodies for the development of similar vaccines that might curb transmission of a wide array of vectorborne pathogens. It is also now clear that the binding action of vector-specific antibodies added to the blood meal or injected into the vector can be used in basic research to define protein function and important cellular and physiologic pathways.
ROSAC: A Round-Wise Fair Scheduling Approach for Mobile Clouds Based on Task Asymptotic Complexity

Mobile cloud computing has become popular because of its flexible infrastructure and easily accessible storage, sensing, and computing services. However, scheduling and allocating resources for the tasks provided by the cloud user are major challenges in the mobile cloud. The existing scheduling algorithms in the mobile cloud primarily focus on dividing and distributing a single task among multiple devices participating in the mobile cloud. However, when the load on the mobile cloud increases, multiple requests from different users can come at a single time point. The existing scheduling algorithms for distributed systems cannot be implemented in the mobile cloud, because the available resources differ extensively in the mobile cloud depending upon the time, geographic location, incentive policy, etc. While some cloud users' tasks are computed by their specified deadlines, the others suffer heavily. Therefore, we propose ROSAC, a fair scheduling approach based on the complexity of the cloud users' assigned task that minimizes the average delay between the task computation time and users' specified deadline. ROSAC works by round wise task division and distribution where the estimated time of all the subtasks in each round are the same. We design a simulated platform for a mobile cloud and compare the performance of ROSAC with some of the widely used scheduling approaches for distributed systems.
Ocular Damage from Laser Radiation

It is the purpose of this chapter to consider some simple models of damage to ocular tissues caused by exposure to laser radiation. The presentation stresses the interpretation of limited experimental data obtained in the last few years rather than the development of a comprehensive and physically more accurate model than has been proposed previously.
Group Additivity Determination for Oxygenates, Oxonium Ions, and Oxygen-Containing Carbenium Ions

Bio-oil produced from biomass fast pyrolysis often requires catalytic upgrading to remove oxygen and acidic species over zeolite catalysts. The elementary reactions in the mechanism for this process involve carbenium and oxonium ions. In order to develop a detailed kinetic model for the catalytic upgrading of biomass, rate constants are required for these elementary reactions. The parameters in the Arrhenius equation can be related to thermodynamic properties through structure–reactivity relationships, such as the Evans–Polanyi relationship. For this relationship, enthalpies of formation of each species are required, which can be reasonably estimated using group additivity. However, the literature previously lacked group additivity values for oxygenates, oxonium ions, and oxygen-containing carbenium ions. In this work, 71 group additivity values for these types of groups were regressed, 65 of which had not been reported previously and six of which were newly estimated based on regression in the context of...
Masters Program Bariatric Pathway: Robotic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Sleeve gastrectomy is a definitive surgical treatment for bariatric patients desiring weight loss. Though this surgery is most commonly performed laparoscopically, robotic sleeve gastrectomy can be less technically challenging in super-obese patients (BMI ≥ 50). The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed description of a robotic sleeve gastrectomy using the da Vinci robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). Additionally, we review pertinent literature describing the potential benefits of the application of robotic techniques to bariatric operations and compare patient outcomes following robotic versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
Color Duplex Scanning on Other Miscellaneous Carotid Topics

Although patients should be evaluated by careful history and physical examination, our policy tends to rely on noninvasive vascular testing (duplex ultrasound) as an initial step in the diagnosis of carotid artery disease. The results of noninvasive tests may also help in obtaining optimal angiograms. An example is the patient with noninvasive evidence of severe stenosis who has no significant stenosis demonstrated in standard views of the carotid artery bifurcation. The results of the noninvasive tests indicate the need for additional projections, and if the bifurcation region does not show the expected lesion, there is a strong indication for obtaining adequate siphon views. This chapter will summarize the clinical implications of the vascular laboratory in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular insufficiency including the role of magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography, color duplex ultrasound, and catheter-based digital subtraction arteriography, in single or combination, asymptomatic carotid bruit, management of patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), intraoperative duplex ultrasound assessment of carotid endarterectomy, and post-carotid endarterectomy stroke. It will also cover the value of duplex ultrasound after carotid endarterectomy, post-carotid artery stenting, and the diagnosis of temporal arteritis.