cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The analysis of binary and ternary thin alloy films of tantalum, titanium, niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, and beryllium

Summary Despite the fact that there are numerous current investigations relating to thin alloy films there is a dearth of published analytical procedures concerning their analysis. Thus, this article attempts to provide an accurate and rapid analytical scheme to cope with films involving refractory-type metals. The sensitivities of the methods are such that even smaller size samples can be adequately handled. The methods recommended have been successfully used the past 2 years in this laboratory for the analysis of numerous films. If a film and substrate are subdivided into several sections and the ratio of the concentrations of the elements comprising the alloy is chemically determined to be uniform over the whole film, then one of the sections could logically serve as a standard for X-ray fluorescence analysis. Since the effect of niobium upon the pyrocatechol violet procedure for zirconium had not been previously reported, it appeared to be quite noteworthy, especially in those instances where a maximum degree of accuracy is desired. The data are summarized by a statistical treatment that indicates the relative standard deviation to be between 1 and 4% depending upon the method and the system. The 95% confidence limits are also estimated.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Purchaser Style Inventory for Sport Products (PSISP)

Abstract Consumers are bombarded every day by numerous promotion messages, and their decision making in purchasing sport goods or services is frequently confused by these advertised information ( Lysonski, Durvasula, & Zotos, 1996 ). For this reason, research in consumer decision-making styles has become increasingly popular. In 2009, Bae, Lam, and Jackson developed the Purchaser Style Inventory for Sport Products (PSISP) to identify consumers’ shopping behaviors. However, the PSISP was exploratory in nature. The purpose of this study was to validate the PSISP using confirmatory factor analysis. Participants (N = 455) were college students in the southern region of the United States. Fit indices (e.g., CFI = .92, SRMR = .068, RMSEA = .065: 90% CI = .062; .068) indicated the model provided reasonable fit to the data. After model respecification, the 37-item PSISP-II model significantly (p
Gastroenterology: A Field With Endless Career Opportunities for Physicians and Scientists

Gastroenterology is an exciting and burgeoning field that provides an extraordinary number of career opportunities for physicians and scientists. The unique blend of intellectual and procedural-based clinical practice coupled with the excite
Species and shape diversification are inversely correlated among gobies and cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes)

Gobies and their relatives are significant components of nearshore marine, estuarine, and freshwater fish faunas in both tropical and temperate habitats worldwide. They are remarkable for their ability to adapt to and diversify in a wide range of environments. Among gobiiform clades, species diversities vary widely, ranging from two species in Kurtidae to more than 1,000 species in Gobiidae. There is also great variation in head and body shape and in environmental preferences (fresh, brackish, or marine habitats). In this study, I used a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny, coupled with morphometric and comparative analyses, to examine evolutionary rates of both speciation and morphological diversification among gobiiform lineages. Projection of the phylogeny onto a shape-derived morphospace shows that Gobioidei is morphometrically distinct from its sister taxon Apogonoidei, but that families within Gobioidei overlap in morphospace. Analysis of species diversification rates indicates that three rate shifts have occurred over the evolutionary history of Gobiiformes. Relative to the other lineages, Kurtidae has exhibited a slowdown in speciation, whereas both Apogonidae and Gobiidae + Gobionellidae have experienced an increase in diversification. Comparative analyses show that in Apogonidae and Gobiidae + Gobionellidae, increased speciation is correlated with diminished rates of morphological diversification, differently manifested in either clade and among the various sublineages. The elevation in speciation rates and diminishment in rates of morphological change in both Apogonidae and the clade Gobiidae + Gobionellidae are correlated with shifts to oceanic habitats from freshwater. This pattern is the complement to that seen across the global radiation of acanthomorph fishes in which a decrease in species diversification is associated with an increase in morphological disparity.
A histological study of the development of the avian middle ear and tympanum

The development of the middle ear and tympanum of Gallus gallus has been studied in embryos Hamilton-Hamburger stages 20-46. Particular attention was paid to the pattern of expansion of the pharyngeal pouch forming the tympanic cavity, and the histogenesis of the tissues of the region of the vestibular window. It is concluded that pouch expansion is brought about by simple epithelial growth into regions devoid of mesenchyme. The mesenchyme does not show significant cell death, but differentiates as connective tissue, macrophages, and sinus vascular spaces. The epithelium of the mature cavity is of endodermal origin, and there is no indication of celomic contributions. We provide a detailed morphological analysis of the development of the footplate from cells of both the second visceral arch and the otic capsule. These detailed observations on the patterns of chondrification of columella and capsular tissues permit the presentation of a model for cellular interactions leading to the differentiation of the annular ligament.
Nitrous oxide emissions from riparian forest buffers, warm-season and cool-season grass filters, and crop fields

Abstract. Denitrification within riparian buffers may trade reduced nonpoint source pollution of surface waters for increased greenhouse gas emissions resulting from denitrification-produced nitrous oxide (N2O). However, little is known about the N2O emission within conservation buffers established for water quality improvement or of the importance of short-term N2O peak emission following rewetting dry soils and thawing frozen soils. Such estimates are important in reducing uncertainties in current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies estimating soil N2O emission which are based on N inputs. This study contrasts N2O emission from riparian buffer systems of three perennial vegetation types and an adjacent crop field, and compares measured N2O emission with estimates based on the IPCC methodology. We measured soil properties, N inputs, weather conditions and N2O fluxes from soils in forested riparian buffers, warm-season and cool-season grass filters, and a crop field located in the Bear Creek watershed in central Iowa, USA. Cumulative N2O emissions from soils in all riparian buffers (5.8 kg N2O-N ha−1 in 2006–2007) were significantly less than those from crop field soils (24.0 kg N2O-N ha−1 in 2006–2007), with no difference among the buffer vegetation types. While N2O peak emissions (up to 70-fold increase) following the rewetting of dry soils and thawing of frozen soils comprised 46–70% of the annual N2O emissions from soils in the crop field, soils in the riparian buffers were less sensitive to such events (3 to 10-fold increase). The ratio of N2O emission to N inputs within riparian buffers (0.02) was smaller than those of crop field (0.07). These results indicate that N2O emission from soils within the riparian buffers established for water quality improvement should not be considered a major source of N2O emission compared to crop field emission. The observed large difference between measured N2O emissions and those estimated using the IPCC's recommended methodology (i.e., 87% underestimation) in the crop field suggests that the IPCC methodology may underestimate N2O emission in the regions where soil rewetting and thawing are common, and that conditions predicted by future climate-change scenarios may increase N2O emissions.
A case for social marketing and education for acceptance and implementation of preventive health and occupational safety measure programs for rural communities

The environment in which acceptance and implementation of preventive health and occupational safety occurs is not conducive to the message being heard, nor are people acting upon the message. Diffusion of innovation and community development models are explored for possible approaches to health education in the rural community. In particular, the community-oriented primary care approach to medical practice is discussed. In addition, the responsibility of the rural community is outlined.
Development of arteries in embryonic chick bone marrow with special reference to the appearance of periarterial granulopoietic sheaths

Arterial development was studied in embryonic chick bone marrow starting on day 11 of incubation and continuing until day 18. Arteries first appear on day 11 as vessels with two components to their wall structure, namely a thin, complete endothelium and a nearly complete pericyte layer. With advancing age, three distinct layers--an endothelium, a complete muscularis, and adventitia--appear. Long, narrow endothelial cells form cellular junctions at their basal surfaces. Smooth muscle cells remain relatively undifferentiated and do not consist of more than three layers even in the largest arteries. The adventitia consists of a hypocellular zone containing fibroblasts and a collagenous extracellular matrix. Unmyelinated nerves are located at the peripheral margin of the adventitia. All of the larger arteries are surrounded by a sheath of heterophilic granulopoietic cells. These cells do not intrude into the adventitia, but basophilic or mast cells often do intrude. The stromal cells of the periarterial granulopoietic sheaths remain as either fibroblastic cells or as multilocular preadipocytes. They, unlike those stromal cells beyond the sheath, never become unilocular adipocytes. By day 18, granulopoiesis is restricted to the periarterial sheaths and to the endosteal regions of the marrow. These studies indicate that fibroblastic stromal cells and preadipocytes, but not fully developed adipocytes, support granulopoiesis in the chick marrow. The stromal cells in the periarterial sheaths either represent a subpopulation of cells that do not develop into adipocytes or represent cells whose development into adipocytes is locally inhibited.
Aggregation and Its Influence on Macroscopic In-Plane Organization in Thin Films of Electrostatically Self-Assembled Perylene-Diimide/Polyelectrolyte Nanofibers

The influence of precursor aggregation on materials deposition efficiency, film morphology, and macroscopic in-plane organization is explored for electrostatically self-assembled perylene-diimide/polyelectrolyte (PDI/PE) composites. PDI/PE thin films are prepared from aqueous precursor solutions by sequential dip-coating methods. Three PDI dyes are employed to probe the influence of aggregation on electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) of the composites. These include a singly charged PDI, C7OPDI+, and two doubly charged species, PDISO32− and TAPDI2+. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDDA+) chloride and sodium poly(acrylate) (PA−) are used as the PEs. UV−vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopies show that all three dyes are heavily aggregated in their respective aqueous solutions. Temperature-dependent fluorescence data and filtration studies show that C7OPDI+ is most strongly associated and also forms the largest aggregates. Absorbance data obtained as a function of the number of deposition cycles employed...
The core domain of a new retina specific RGS protein stimulates the GTPase activity of transducin in vitro

GTP hydrolysis by the transducin α subunit is stimulated by a membrane-bound protein. The identity of this GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is not yet known, but the recent identification of a new gene family encoding regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins raises the possibility that the transducin GAP is an RGS protein. Biochemical evidence shows that RGS proteins act as GAPs for α subunits of the Gi subfamily of G proteins. To identify an RGS protein that could be a GAP for the transducin α subunit, we investigated the expression of RGS proteins in the retina and identified a new RGS domain, RET-RGS-d, which is specifically expressed in the retina. In situ RNA hybridization analyses revealed that RET-RGS-d is expressed in photoreceptor cells as well as in other cells of the retina. Recombinant RET-RGS-d accelerates single turnover hydrolysis of GTP by transducin. We used RET-RGS-d to isolate a full-length cDNA, RET-RGS1, encoding a new RGS protein with a C terminus that corresponds to RET-RGS-d. The N-terminal half of RET-RGS1 contains a putative transmembrane domain and a string of nine cysteines that are potential substrates for multiple palmitoylation. These findings suggest that RET-RGS1 is an integral membrane protein and that it is a candidate for the membrane-associated protein responsible for the GAP activity detected in photoreceptor membranes.
A proposed mutation, Val781Ile, associated with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and cardiac dysrhythmia is a benign polymorphism

Twenty different point mutations have been identified in the gene coding for the α subunit of the adult skeletal muscle sodium channel in families with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, paramyotonia congenita, and the potassium-aggravated myotonias. One novel mutation (Val781Ile) was reported in an adopted boy with potassium-sensitive weakness and cardiac dysrhythmia. The confidence in establishing this rare amino acid substitution as a causative mutation was limited by the absence of family members for segregation analysis. Functional expression studies herein show that Val781Ile is most likely a benign polymorphism and not a disese-associated mutation.
Evaluation of a Sol-Gel Derived Nafion/Silica Hybrid Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications: II. Methanol Uptake and Methanol Permeability

Sol-gel derived Nafion/silica hybrid membranes were investigated as a potential polymer electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cell applications. Methanol uptake and methanol permeability were measured in liquid and vapor phase as a function of temperature, methanol vapor activity, and silica content. Decreased methanol uptake from liquid methanol was observed in the hybrid membranes with silica contents of 10 and 21 wt %. The hybrid membrane with silica content of ≈20 wt % showed a significant lower methanol permeation rate when immersed in a liquid methanol-water mixture at 25 and 80°C. Methanol uptake from the vapor phase by the hybrid membranes appears similar to that of unmodified Nafion. Methanol diffusion coefficients, as determined from sorption experiments, were slightly lower in the hybrid membranes than in unmodified Nafion. However, in direct permeation experiments, significantly lower methanol vapor permeability was seen only in the hybrid membrane with silica content of ≈20 wt %. Based on these results, Nafion/silica hybrid membranes with high silica content have potential as electrolytes for direct methanol fuel cells operating either on liquid or vapor-feed fuels. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Experimental study of pleated fabric cartridges in a pulse-jet cleaned dust collector

Abstract Six pleated filter cartridges with different base media and geometrical dimensions were tested in a full-size dust collector periodically cleaned by a short burst of pulse-jet. The evaluation was performed under two different cleaning modes called clean-on-demand (to clean the filter once the pressure drop reaches a preset value) and clean-on-time (to clean the filter at a fixed time interval). The filter performance was evaluated by the effective residual pressure drop and downstream particle concentration. The results showed that the pleat ratio, defined as the ratio of pleat height to pleat pitch, had a great influence on the preferred operating mode for cleaning the filter. Clean-on-time mode demonstrated better performance for filters with a high pleat ratio (> 4.0), while clean-on-demand mode performed better for filters with a low pleat ratio (
Adrenocortical influences upon the extinction of an appetitive runway response

Abstract Sprague-Dawley rats received daily injections of either ACTH, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, or placebo throughout the acquisition and extinction of a food-reinforced runway response. The results showed that hormone injections produced no systematic effects upon acquisition performance. Injections of either hydrocortisone or corticosterone, however, produced faster running on early extinction trials as compared to either ACTH or placebo injection. There was some suggestion that increased corticosteroid levels, rather than some change in ACTH levels, produced the effects upon extinction responding.
Geometric considerations relevant to hydrogen depth profiling by reflection elastic recoil detection analysis

Abstract This work addresses geometric considerations relevant to the accuracy of depth profiling by reflection elastic recoil detection analysis, which becomes an issue when many samples are compared over time or a single sample is repeatedly analyzed following a sequence of processing steps. In such cases, accurate and reproducible geometric alignment and incident beam energy calibration must be performed over time, and are addressed here. Our analysis and experiments show that geometric deviations in the sample tilt angle and incident particle beam steering, as well as deviations from the sample eucentric position, can result in significant errors in depth profiling. As a result, a recommended degree of accuracy is stated for each of these geometric components; techniques are presented to attain this accuracy, or better. The most notable of these techniques is a laser alignment of the sample tilt angle, which has a reproducible accuracy of 0.04°.
Full-text Linking: Affiliated versus Nonaffiliated Access in a Free Database

This article presents a comparison of access to full-text articles from a free bibliographic database (PubSCIENCE) for affiliated and unaffiliated users. The authors found that affiliated users had access to more full-text articles than unaffiliated users had, but the maximum level of full-text access achieved directly through PubSCIENCE was 45 percent. Both affiliated and unaffiliated users could increase their level of access to full-text content by using alternative avenues for access above and beyond use of the database linkage. However, such additional searching requires a higher level of information literacy on the user s part.
Bit-allocation strategies for MIMO fading channels with channel knowledge at transmitter

The singular-value decomposition can be used to transform a MIMO fading channel into an equivalent bank of scalar subchannels, a strategy known as eigenbeamforming or closed-loop MIMO, provided that the transmitter knows the channel. We consider the problem of allocating bits to subchannels after such processing, and propose simple strategies, which achieve near-optimal performance, by exploiting statistical properties of singular values. For large antenna arrays, a fixed bit-allocation becomes an attractive choice without any significant performance loss. For example, on the 6-input 6-output Rayleigh-fading channel, the fixed allocation strategy performs only 0.25 dB worse than the optimal bit-allocation.
Application of the Linear Programming Technique to Making Economic Comparisons of Forages in Dairy Rations

Abstract A procedure is presented utilizing linear programming for making economic comparisons of forages. The technique permits the determination of the maximum that could be paid for a given feedstuff in a ration when evaluated in terms of alternative feedstuffs. Comparative cost values are presented for three alfalfa silages of different nutrient composition relative to corn silage at three prices.
Individual Privacy and Online Services

We explore consumer trade-offs between better performance through tailoring of online services to their individual needs and greater privacy as a result of reduced disclosure of personal information. We show that individuals have different willingness to accept loss of privacy that is a function of (1) the individual and his/her preferences, because the variation in demands for privacy is not uniform across individuals, (2) the service Domain, because individuals demand more privacy in some Domains than they do in others and (3) these differences themselves differ among consumers as well.
Effects of pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone consumption on the growth and metabolic state of obese Zucker rats

Female obese Zucker rats (aged 6 wk) were randomly assigned to one of two control or one of three experimental-diet groups. Experimental diets contained 6% pyruvate (Pyr). 6% dihydroxyacetone (Dha), or 3% each pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone (Pyr-Dha). Control-group 1 was fed a normal diet ad libitum and control-group 2 was pair fed according to the experimental group with the lowest consumption. After 5 wk the rats receiving Pyr (357.5 +/- 12.7 g) were significantly lighter than pair-fed (385.9 +/- 4.9 g) and ad libitum-fed (404.3 +/- 10.1) controls. Resting oxygen consumption (mL.min-1.kg0.65) was significantly higher in Pyr-fed rats than in pair-fed controls and food-conversion efficiency was significantly decreased. Rats fed Pyr had a lower resting respiratory-exchange ratio than did ad libitum- and pair-fed controls (0.81 +/- 0.01 vs 0.88 +/- 0.01 and 0.87 +/- 0.01, respectively). Results suggest that pyruvate consumption reduced the weight gain and food-conversion efficiency of obese Zucker rats, in part by increasing resting metabolic rate and fatty acid oxidation.
Minimally invasive determination of mRNA concentration in single living bacteria

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has permitted the characterization of high concentrations of noncoding RNAs in a single living bacterium. Here, we extend the use of FCS to low concentrations of coding RNAs in single living cells. We genetically fuse a red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene and two binding sites for an RNA-binding protein, whose translated product is the RFP protein alone. Using this construct, we determine in single cells both the absolute [mRNA] concentration and the associated [RFP] expressed from an inducible plasmid. We find that the FCS method allows us to reliably monitor in real-time [mRNA] down to »40nM (i.e. approximately two transcripts per volume of detection). To validate these measurements, we show that [mRNA] is proportional to the associated expression of the RFP protein. This FCS-based technique establishes a frameworkforminimallyinvasive measurements of mRNA concentration in individual living bacteria.
Circuit-level simulation and layout optimization for deep submicron EOS/ESD output protection device

This work presents circuit-level simulation and layout optimization techniques for a multifinger NMOS device. By considering the full thermal-coupling of heat sources at each drain finger, simulations reflect the device layout dependent behavior in silicon under EOS/ESD. Simulation reveals that each NMOS finger may carry a different stress current due to the non-symmetrical heat-coupling effect; as a result, the effective total NMOS width will be reduced. Simulation results agree well with the measured data. We also propose a design and layout optimization methodology which is illustrated with a design example.
Isolation and characterization of kinetoplast DNA networks and minicircles from Crithidia fasciculata.

SYNOPSIS. Covalently closed kinetoplast DNA networks have been isolated from stationary phase Crithidia fasciculata cells by a technic involving selective pelleting of the networks at a low centrifugal field. Approximately 62% of the kinetoplast DNA of the cell was recovered free of nuclear DNA by simple differential centrifugation. Purified kinetoplast DNA networks were visualized both in the electron microscope and in the light microscope. Closed networks sedimented as a homogeneous band both in neutral and alkaline sucrose, with an s20w in neutral sucrose of approximately 5 × 103. Closed monomeric minicircles were isolated from purified networks by mild sonication and band sedimentation in alkaline sucrose. Several physical properties of closed monomeric minicircles were measured. These included molecular weight, buoyant density in CsCl, superhelix density and sedimentation coefficient.
Runtime Optimization of System Utility with Variable Hardware

Increasing hardware variability in newer integrated circuit fabrication technologies has caused corresponding power variations on a large scale. These variations are particularly exaggerated for idle power consumption, motivating the need to mitigate the effects of variability in systems whose operation is dominated by long idle states with periodic active states. In systems where computation is severely limited by anemic energy reserves and where a long overall system lifetime is desired, maximizing the quality of a given application subject to these constraints is both challenging and an important step toward achieving high-quality deployments. This work describes VaRTOS, an architecture and corresponding set of operating system abstractions that provide explicit treatment of both idle and active power variations for tasks running in real-time operating systems. Tasks in VaRTOS express elasticity by exposing individual knobs—shared variables that the operating system can tune to adjust task quality and, correspondingly, task power, maximizing application utility both on a per-task and on a system-wide basis. We provide results regarding online learning of instance-specific sleep power, active power, and task-level power expenditure on simulated hardware with demonstrated effects for several prototypical applications. Our results on networked sensing applications, which are representative of a broader category of applications that VaRTOS targets, show that VaRTOS can reduce variability-induced energy expenditure errors from over 70p in many cases to under 2p in most cases and under 5p in the worst case.
A Matching Based Automata for Distributed Graph Algorithms

A consistent problem with distributed algorithms for graph problems is scalability. Here we present a scalable automata that can easily be modified to solve a number of problems. We focus on the Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover problem, showing that our approach improves on the best known algorithm, reducing the number of communication rounds from ( O(log n) ) to ( O(log Delta) ). We then show how our framework can be modified to solve for Edge Coloring and Independent Set.
The design, selection, and performance of statistical control charts for healthcare process improvement

Although the value of Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts to monitor and improve healthcare processes has received growing interest, several important implementation and theoretical issues are largely not understood. SPC charts are chronological graphs of process data that are used in many other industries to help control and improve quality and, while based in statistical theory, are easy for practitioners to use and interpret. This article provides an overview of the use of SPC in healthcare process improvement and Six Sigma activities, including the process of selecting and using the appropriate type of control chart, their statistical performance, and the guidelines for determining the appropriate sample sizes. The operating characteristics are computed and tabulated for a wide range of scenarios in order to aid practitioners in designing control charts with the desired statistical properties.
RASP: efficient multidimensional range query on attack-resilient encrypted databases

Range query is one of the most frequently used queries for online data analytics. Providing such a query service could be expensive for the data owner. With the development of services computing and cloud computing, it has become possible to outsource large databases to database service providers and let the providers maintain the range-query service. With outsourced services, the data owner can greatly reduce the cost in maintaining computing infrastructure and data-rich applications. However, the service provider, although honestly processing queries, may be curious about the hosted data and received queries. Most existing encryption based approaches require linear scan over the entire database, which is inappropriate for online data analytics on large databases. While a few encryption solutions are more focused on efficiency side, they are vulnerable to attackers equipped with certain prior knowledge. We propose the Random Space Encryption (RASP) approach that allows efficient range search with stronger attack resilience than existing efficiency-focused approaches. We use RASP to generate indexable auxiliary data that is resilient to prior knowledge enhanced attacks. Range queries are securely transformed to the encrypted data space and then efficiently processed with a two-stage processing algorithm. We thoroughly studied the potential attacks on the encrypted data and queries at three different levels of prior knowledge available to an attacker. Experimental results on synthetic and real datasets show that this encryption approach allows efficient processing of range queries with high resilience to attacks.
Two-dimensional least-square ARMA modeling in the transform domain

An algorithm for two-dimensional autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and moving average (MA) modeling in the Fourier transform domain that can be implemented in other domains is presented. The algorithm derived here is based on the equationary model (recursive-like structure) which can match, in the least square sense, the unknown system. Simulation examples of two-dimensional system modeling are given to demonstrate the performance of this algorithm. >
Involvement of calpain isoforms in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat retina

Purpose. Much evidence has accumulated suggesting that activation of calpain causes neuronal cell death in ischemic brain. However, little is known about the involvement of calpain in retinal cell death in ischemic injury. Thus, the purpose of present study was to investigate the involvement of calpain isoforms (m- and µ-calpain) in ischemia-reperfusion injury in retina from rat. Methods. Retinal ischemia was produced by occlusion of the central retinal artery for one hour, and this was followed by reperfusion for seven days. Calpain mRNAs, calpain activities, total calcium content and proteolysis of a-spectrin were determined in retina. Effect of a calpain inhibitor SJA6017 was histologically tested in retinal injury after ischemia-reperfusion. Results. Following retinal ischemia, most of cells in the ganglion cell layer were sloughed off by day 1 after reperfusion, followed by loss of cells in the inner plexiform layer on day 3 and loss of cells in the inner nuclear layer by day 5. These morphologic cha...
Histological Enamel Indicator of Childhood Stress in Prehistoric Skeletal Samples

Although previous paleopathological studies have used distur- bances in enamel formation as indicators of childhood stress, the full potential of this technique has not been realized. This paper presents a test case which demonstrates that the frequency of disturbed enamel formation Le., Wilson bands) is associated with other stress indicators (i.e,, probability of dying and infectious lesions) in three prehistoric skeletal samples representing the Middle Woodland (1 0.3%), Mississippian Acculturated Late Woodland (21.4!%), and the Middle Mississippian (40.0X?. Additionally, the mean ages at death of individ- uals with at least one Wilson band are lower than those without bands. These results suggest that Wilson bands are an indicator of the relative proportion of individuals who are high susceptibles in prehistoric populations. The data also corroborate the hypothesis that t he adoption of maize agriculture in the prehistoric American Midwest is associated with increased stress. Previous research suggests that distur- bances in enamel prism formation such as enamel hypoplasia and pathological bands are associated with episodes of morbidity and nutritional disturbances in human popula- tions (Kreshover, '40, '60; Massler et al., '41; Watson et al., '64). Because of this relation- ship with disease and chronological specif- icity, disturbed enamel formation has been used in paleopathology to estimate environ- mental stress and disease experience (Falin, '61; Molnar and Ward, '75; Sognnaes, '55, '56). General application of this methodology to paleopathological problems has been hindered by t,he absence of consistent criteria for defin- ing enamel prism formation. Rose ('77) dem- onstrates that details of enamel prism mor- phology observed in ground thin sections of human enamel with the light microscope can consistently identify one type of disturbed enamel formation. These particular pathologi- cal bands were first reported by Wilson and Schroff ('701. In order to avoid the erroneous implications of the term pathological, they will be called Wilson bands in this paper. Ob- servation with the scanning electron micro-
Reactions ([MATH],2e) and (e,3e) as probes of electronic correlations in atoms

Cross sections of the (γ,2e) and (e,3e) reactions carry information on two vacancy energy spectrum and on electron pair correlations in initial and final states of the target atom. Physical pictures of these processes are presented for two- and many-electron atoms. Simplest mechanisms of them are discussed, demonstrating some features which are waiting for experimental confirmation. Attention is given to high photon energy and even to relativistic energy region of these reactions. The energy distribution of outgoing relativistic electrons is qualitatively different from what it is for the nonrelativistic case. Origin and types of corrections to the simplest mechanisms and possible means of their detection are discussed. Role of different resonances: shape, giant, autoionizational, and Feschbach-type are considered. Results of calculations are compared with experimental data, mainly on double photoionization cross sections. Different possible objects as targets for the reactions are mentioned, including negative ions, excited atoms, moelcules and clusters. Modification of the type of these reactions due to rather probable emission of the photon is discussed. Future of the domain is outlined
Characteristics of interconnect delay in 0.5 micron CMOS

Accurate analysis of the interconnect is imperative in contemporary sub-micron geometry circuits. The drive characteristics of the driving transistor play a significant role in the response of the interconnect. This paper presents a detailed analysis of a capacitively loaded distributed RLC system driven by a transistor. Using an analytic model the performance of the interconnect will be characterized with respect to design and technology parameters of a CMOS process technology with L/sub eff/=0.45 micron.
In-Stent Restenosis: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Management of in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a clinical challenge after both bare metal stent and drug-eluting stent placement. Autopsy studies and intravascular imaging have augmented our understanding of the pathophysiology of ISR. The clinical presentation and symptoms vary considerably among patients from stable angina to unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. Potential treatment strategies include plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), rotational atherectomy, vascular brachytherapy (VBT), bare metal stents (BMS), drug-coated balloons (DCBs), and drug-eluting stent (DES) placement. The most efficacious therapy depends on patient and lesion characteristics, but drug-eluting stents and drug-coated balloons yield the most successful angiographic and clinical results. Here, we discuss the underlying pathology, risk factors, and clinical presentation of ISR while examining the evidence supporting the optimal interventional techniques for this commonly encountered clinical entity.
A new process with a potential to rapidly texture bulk YBa 2 Cu 3 O x superconductor

A new process has been developed to texture bulk YBa2Cu3Ox superconductors at temperatures about 100°C below the peritectic temperature. The texture is achieved in this process by directional recrystallization of compacts fabricated from quenched YBCO powders. Isothermal recrystallization of quenched precursors at 890°C for 3 min is found to result in the formation of more than 75% of YBa2Cu3Ox phase without any Y2BaCuO5. Recrystallization at higher temperatures leads to rapid formation of fine Y2BaCuO5 precipitates in addition to YBa2Cu3Ox. The formation of YBa2Cu3Ox increases with increasing heating rates. Directional recrystallization at 10 mm/h results in a well-textured microstructure with the YBa2Cu3Ox grains oriented parallel to the sample length. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current density at 77K of the directionally recrystallized material compares well with that of melt-textured YBCO and is superior to that of magnetically aligned and sintered YBCO.
The Campaign to Regulate Causes of Cumulative Trauma Disorders

Dealing with cumulative trauma disorders arising at work has gotten major attention from safety and health professionals over the past few years. Attempts to pass enforceable ergonomics standards have not pro gressed rapidly in Western Europe. The United States, through use of the General Duty Clause of the OSHAct had begun to require employers to re-design work operations to eliminate CTD problems. However, when the federal government attempted to promulgate enforceable ergonomics standards, they ran up against a brick wall of resistance from major employer associations.
"Durable Domination: Mechanisms of Elite Entrenchment from Strategy, Sociology, & Social Psychology"

Different fields have opposing views on the value of durable domination—the continued control of disproportionate resources by elite actors. Durable domination, or sustained competitive advantage, ...
Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm for the Optimal Multistage Transmission Network Planning

To solve multistage transmission network planning (MTNP) optimization problem, a method, which adopts the lines as the decision variables and the serial number of the planning stage as the search domain, was proposed. The proposed method was based on the characteristics that the lines to be selected in MTNP would not be constructed during the planning or would be constructed in a certain stage and would exist in the follow-up stages. By using the proposed method, multistage optimal planning of the transmission network was transformed into static optimization problem, and a plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA) was applied to solve the problem. The test was performed on a 19-bus system for assessing the potential of the proposed approach. The obtained best planning scheme demonstrates the practicability and effectiveness of the method PGSA-based multistage transmission network planning.
Construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid of gene MIC3 of Toxoplasma Gondii and its expression in BHK cells

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid of microneme protein MIC3 of Toxoplasma gondii,and so as to lay a foundation for further sturdy on function of protein MIC3.Methods To amplify target gene of Toxoplasma gondii by PCR,insert purified target gene into eukaryotic expression plasmid PCDNA3.0 and then transfer into host bacteria DH5α,screen positive recombinant on SOB plate that contains penicillin,then carry out identification on the recombinant plasmid by enzyme digestion and method of PCR amplification,and transfect the constructed eukaryotic expression plasmid of Toxoplasma gondii PCDNA-MIC3 into BHK cells,and further verify the expression product with SDS-PAGE,and test the immunogenicity of expression protein using ELISA.Results For recombinant plasmid PCDNA-MIC3,either by single or double enzyme digestion or PCR amplification,fragment that equals the size of the originally inserted fragment of gene MIC3 1 120 bp were obtained.Toxoplasma gondii PCDNA-MIC3 had high expression in BHK cells,and the expression product could be identified by specific serum of Toxoplasma gondi.Conclusion Eukaryotic expression plasmid of gene MIC3 of Toxoplasma Gondii can be successfully constructed.
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in LGBT Young Adults: Demographic Differences and Associations with Health Behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important public health problem with high prevalence and serious costs. Although literature has largely focused on IPV among heterosexuals, studies have recently begun examining IPV in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) samples, with mounting evidence suggesting IPV may be more common among LGBT individuals than heterosexuals. Less research has examined the specific health consequences of IPV in this population, particularly across time and among young people, and it remains unclear whether experiences of IPV differ between subgroups within the LGBT population (e.g., race, gender identity, and sexual orientation). Method: An ethnically diverse sample of 172 LGBT young adults completed self-report measures of IPV, sexual behavior, mental health, and substance abuse at 2 time points (4- and 5-year follow-up) of an ongoing longitudinal study of LGBT youth. Results: IPV was experienced nonuniformly across demographic groups. Specifically, female, male-to-female transgender, and Black/African American young adults were at higher risk compared with those who identified as male, female-to-male transgender, and other races. Being a victim of IPV was associated with concurrent sexual risk taking and prospective mental health outcomes but was not associated with substance abuse. Conclusions: Demographic differences in IPV found in heterosexuals were replicated in this LGBT sample, though additional research is needed to clarify why traditional risk factors found in heterosexual young people may not translate to LGBT individuals. Studies examining the impact of IPV on negative outcomes and revictimization over time may guide our understanding of the immediate and delayed consequences of IPV for LGBT young people. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en
Computing Partial Solutions to Difficult AI Problems

Is finding just a part of a solution easier than finding the full solution? For NP-Complete problems (which represent some of the hardest problems for AI to solve) it has been shown that finding a fraction of the bits in a satisfying assignment is as hard as finding the full solution. In this paper we look at a possibility of both computing and representing partial solutions to NP-complete problems, but instead of computing bits of the solution our approach relies on restricted specifications of the problem search space. We show that not only could partial solutions to NP-Complete problems be computed without computing the full solution, but also given an Oracle capable of providing pre-computed partial answer to an NP-complete problem an asymptotic simplification of problems is possible. Our main contribution is a standardized methodology for search space specification which could be used in many distributed computation project to better coordinate necessary computational efforts.
Topographic proxies from 2-D numerical analyses

We use 2D numerical analyses at ground motion stations from the NGA-West2 dataset to develop parameters to predict the effect of surface topography on response spectra. The simplistic numerical analyses use sinusoidal input motions, uniform soil profiles, elastic soil properties, and absorbing boundary conditions. We define several topographic parameters for stations using the natural logarithm of 2D amplifications in peak ground acceleration of a sinusoidal input motion in different orientations. The natural log of 2D amplifications when averaged over multiple orientations is found to have the most predictive power among the studied parameters. We also explore the relationship between the topographic parameters developed in this study, and the topographic parameters developed at the same sites in an earlier study (Rai et al. in Earthq Spectra, 2016b).
Update on NSAIDS in the elderly.

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can effectively reduce pain and inflammation. Although these agents are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, they probably have other effects on the inflammatory process. NSAIDs produce a number of side effects, particularly in elderly patients. Understanding the effects of aging on drug pharmacokinetics will help minimize these complications.
The profiles of students with significant cognitive disabilities and complex communication needs

Understanding the characteristics of students with complex communication needs and significant cognitive disabilities is an important first step toward creating the kinds of supports and services required to help them successfully access the general education curriculum, achieve grade-level standards, and improve overall communication competence. The First Contact Survey was designed to collect important information about students with significant cognitive disabilities who were eligible to take the Dynamic Learning Maps™ (DLM(®)) alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards. From November 2012-May 2013, the survey was used to gather information regarding more than 44,787 students. At that time, the goal was to use the data to inform the development of the DLM assessment. Although the survey includes a wealth of information regarding this large sample of students, the reanalysis of the data reported in the current study focused on the motor, sensory, language, reading, and writing skills of students with significant cognitive disabilities, based on their speech production abilities. Significant differences were identified across each of the domains between students who do and do not use speech with or without aided augmentative and alternative communication.
Reproductive endocrinology: The emotional cost of contraception.

The link between mood disorders and hormonal fluctuations has long been known, but the direction of this correlation has been questioned. New research suggests that initiation of hormonal contraception leads to increased risk of first-time diagnosis of or treatment for depression over a short time frame, particularly for adolescents.
Selfless Selfie Citizenship: Chupacabras Selfie Project

This chapter sheds light on the experiences of immigrants criminalised by the immigration system in the USA. As the media perpetuates a discourse of immigrants as dangerous and threatening to a sanitised American way of life, the aim of this chapter is to focus on the often forgotten stories of people left out of the immigrant right’s agenda and often the main targets of punitive legal measures. At the centre of the chapter is ARTivism – activism through art. Inspired by the author’s film, Chupacabras: The Myth of The Bad Immigrant, undocumented immigrants in California were encouraged to take selfies with a chupacabras mask and stand up to dehumanisation and criminalisation of immigrants, by taking ‘selfless selfies’ and using the hashtags #NotYourChupacabras and #YourChupacabras.
Treatment of Severe Alcohol Withdrawal: A Focus on Adjunctive Agents.

Objective:To review adjunctive treatment options for severe alcohol withdrawal. Data Sources: The search strategy included a search of Ovid MEDLINE using keywords alcohol withdrawal, severe alcohol...