cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations on FORM in a simple geomechanics example

Abstract This technical note studies the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) applied to a plane strain Mohr–Coulomb drained (c′, tan ϕ′) element test. The influences of distribution types and linear correlation between random variables are studied. The approximation of assuming a “first order” limit state function is assessed by comparison with direct integration of the probability distribution function in the failure region. The results indicate that FORM overestimates pf when random variables are lognormally distributed and underestimate pf when random variables are normally distributed.
Expanded Characterization of the Common-Drain Amplifier Using Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

Data is presented in this paper that was obtained using a metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor (MFSFET) in a common-drain amplifier configuration. The empirical data shown has been collected using larger drain voltages than previously seen, which helps to further understand and characterize the interesting operation of this amplifier circuit. The effects of varying different parameters such as load resistance, poling voltage, and input voltages of the amplifier circuit are examined. Differences between the MFSFET and MOSFET common-drain amplifier configurations are explored in-depth.
Simple Fuzzy Self-tuning PI Controller for Multi-terminal HVDC Transmission Systems

Abstract This paper describes fuzzy logic-based self-tuning controller parameters for the rectifier side current regulators and inverter side gamma regulators in a multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (MTDC) transmission system. A four-terminal MTDC system is considered, with the detailed modeling of converters, transformers, source impedances, transmission lines, and filters. Simulations are conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK® to generate transient responses. The simulation results using a fuzzy self-tuning proportional-integral (PI) controller and a fixed-parameter PI controller are compared. The transient simulation studies presented reveal the superior performance of the fuzzy self-tuning PI controller over the fixed-parameter PI controller in the MTDC transmission systems.
Avoiding a Knowledge Gap in a Multiethnic Statewide Social Marketing Campaign: Is Cultural Tailoring Sufficient?

In 2007, the State of Hawaii, Healthy Hawaii Initiative conducted a statewide social-marketing campaign promoting increased physical activity and nutrition. The campaign included substantial formative research to develop messages tailored for Hawaii's multiethnic Asian and Pacific Islander populations. The authors conducted a statewide random digital dialing telephone survey to assess the campaign's comparative reach among individuals with different ethnicities and different levels of education and income. This analysis suggests that the intervention was successful in reaching its target ethnic audiences. However, a knowledge gap related to the campaign appeared among individuals with incomes less than 130% of the poverty level and those with less than a high school education. These results varied significantly by message and the communication channel used. Recall of supermarket-based messages was significantly higher among individuals below 130% of the poverty level and those between 18 and 35 years of age, 2 groups that showed consistently lower recall of messages in other channels. Results suggest that cultural tailoring for ethnic audiences, although important, is insufficient for reaching low-income populations, and that broad-based social marketing campaigns should consider addressing socioeconomic status-related channel preferences in formative research and campaign design.
The photographer's body: Populism, polarization, and the uses of victimhood in Venezuela

Political antagonism between supporters and opponents of former president Hugo Chavez has been a defining feature of daily life in Caracas for more than a decade. Despite their different political orientations, the antagonistic poles of “chavismo” and “the opposition” share striking similarities, starting at the level of political practice. I argue that Venezuela's political polarization reflects the shared logic of populism. Through the story of Jorge Tortoza—a photojournalist killed during the failed 2002 coup d’etat against President Chavez—I describe how the chavista–opposition divide is produced and policed through performances of victimhood, performances that are essential to populist mobilization in Venezuela.
An affine prime non-semiprimitive monomial algebra with quadratic growth

We give a simple construction of a prime monomial algebra with quadratic growth, which is neither primitive nor PI.
Power efficiency of voltage scaling in multiple clock multiple voltage cores

Due to increasing clock speeds, increasing design sizes and shrinking technologies, it is becoming more and more challenging to distribute a single global clock throughout a chip. In this paper we study the effect of using a Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous (GALS) organization for a superscalar, out-of-order processor, both in terms of power and performance. To this end, we propose a novel modeling and simulation environment for multiple clock cores with static or dynamically variable voltages for each synchronous block. Using this design exploration environment we were able to assess the power/performance tradeoffs available for Multiple Clock, Single Voltage (MCSV), as well as Multiple Clock, Dynamic Voltage (MCDV) cores. Our results show that MCSV processors are 10% more power efficient when compared to single-clock single voltage designs with a performance penalty of about 10%. By exploiting the flexibility of independent dynamic voltage scaling the various clock domains, the power efficiency of GALS designs can be improved by 12% on average, and up to 20% more in select cases. The power efficiency of MCDV cores becomes comparable with the one of Single Clock, Dynamic Voltage (SCDV) cores, while being up to 8% better in some cases. Our results show that MCDV cores consume 22% less power at an average 12% performance loss.
Assessing food appeal and desire to eat: the effects of portion size & energy density

Visual presentation of food provides considerable information such as its potential for palatability and availability, both of which can impact eating behavior. We investigated the subjective ratings for food appeal and desire to eat when exposed to food pictures in a fed sample (n = 129) using the computer paradigm ImageRate. Food appeal and desire to eat were analyzed for the effects of food group, portion size and energy density of the foods presented as well as by participant characteristics. Food appeal ratings were significantly higher than those for desire to eat (57.9 ± 11.6 v. 44.7 ± 18.0; p < 0.05). Body mass index was positively correlated to desire to eat (r = 0.20; p < 0.05), but not food appeal. Food category analyses revealed that fruit was the highest rated food category for both appeal and desire, followed by discretionary foods. Additionally, overweight individuals reported higher ratings of desire to eat large portions of food compared to smaller portions (p < 0.001), although these effects were relatively small. Energy density of the foods was inversely correlated with ratings for both appeal and desire (r's = - 0.27; p's < 0.01). Results support the hypothesis that individuals differentiate between food appeal and desire to eat foods when assessing these ratings using the same type of metric. Additionally, relations among food appeal and desire to eat ratings and body mass show overweight individuals could be more responsive to visual foods cues in a manner that contributes to obesity.
Non-singularity and differentials

From a technical point of view, the big drawback about the tangent cone is that it is non-linear. It is always easier to handle essentially linear objects. The most natural way around this is to study the “linear hull” of the tangent cone, which we will call the tangent space. Let X be a scheme of finite type over k, and let x ∈ X be a closed point.
Novel underwater soundscape: acoustic repertoire of plainfin midshipman fish

Toadfishes are among the best-known groups of sound-producing (vocal) fishes and include species commonly known as toadfish and midshipman. Although midshipman have been the subject of extensive investigation of the neural mechanisms of vocalization, this is the first comprehensive, quantitative analysis of the spectrotemporal characters of their acoustic signals and one of the few for fishes in general. Field recordings of territorial, nest-guarding male midshipman during the breeding season identified a diverse vocal repertoire composed of three basic sound types that varied widely in duration, harmonic structure and degree of amplitude modulation (AM): ‘hum’, ‘grunt’ and ‘growl’. Hum duration varied nearly 1000-fold, lasting for minutes at a time, with stable harmonic stacks and little envelope modulation throughout the sound. By contrast, grunts were brief, ~30–140 ms, broadband signals produced both in isolation and repetitively as a train of up to 200 at intervals of ~0.5–1.0 s. Growls were also produced alone or repetitively, but at variable intervals of the order of seconds with durations between those of grunts and hums, ranging 60-fold from ~200 ms to 12 s. Growls exhibited prominent harmonics with sudden shifts in pulse repetition rate and highly variable AM patterns, unlike the nearly constant AM of grunt trains and flat envelope of hums. Behavioral and neurophysiological studies support the hypothesis that each sound type’s unique acoustic signature contributes to signal recognition mechanisms. Nocturnal production of these sounds against a background chorus dominated constantly for hours by a single sound type, the multiharmonic hum, reveals a novel underwater soundscape for fish.
Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic myf5 Mice

Abstract To explore the compatibility of skeletal and cardiac programs of gene expression, transgenic mice that express a skeletal muscle myogenic regulator, bmyf5, in the heart were analyzed. These mice develop a severe cardiomyopathy and exhibit a significantly shorter life span than do their nontransgenic littermates. The transgene was expressed from day 7.5 post coitum forward, resulting in activation of skeletal muscle genes not normally seen in the myocardium. Cardiac pathology was not apparent at midgestation but was evident by day 2 of postnatal life, and by 42 days, hearts exhibited multifocal interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, cellular hypertrophy, and occasional myocyte degeneration. All four chambers of the heart were enlarged to varying degrees, with the atria demonstrating the most significant hypertrophy (>100% in 42-day-old mice). The transgene and several skeletal muscle–specific genes were expressed only in patchy areas of the heart in heterozygous mice. However, molecular markers of hypertrophy (such as α-skeletal actin and atrial myosin light chain-1) were expressed with a wider distribution, suggesting that their induction was secondary to the expression of the transgene. In older (28-week-old) mice, lung weights were also significantly increased, consistent with congestive heart failure. The life span of bmyf5 mice was significantly shortened, with an average life span of 109 days, compared with at least a twofold longer life expectancy for nontransgenic littermates. Expression of the transgene was associated with an increase in Ca2+-stimulated myofibrillar ATPase in myofibrils obtained from the left ventricles of 42-day-old bmyf5 mice. Myocardial bmyf5 expression therefore induces a program of skeletal muscle gene expression that results in progressive cardiomyopathy that may be due to incompatibility of heart and skeletal muscle structural proteins.
MicroRNAs in the pathobiology of sarcomas

Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. The last decade has witnessed extensive efforts to understand the pathobiology of many aggressive sarcoma types. In parallel, we have also begun to unravel the complex gene regulation processes mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) in sarcomas and other cancers, discovering that microRNAs have critical roles in the majority of both oncogenic and tumor suppressor signaling networks. Expression profiles and a greater understanding of the biologic roles of microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs have considerably expanded our current knowledge and provided key pathobiological insights into many sarcomas, and helped identify novel therapeutic targets. The limited number of sarcoma patients in each sarcoma type and their heterogeneity pose distinct challenges in translating this knowledge into the clinic. It will be critical to prioritize these novel targets and choose those that have a broad applicability. A small group of microRNAs have conserved roles across many types of sarcomas and other cancers. Therapies that target these key microRNA-gene signaling and regulatory networks, in combination with standard of care treatment, may be the pivotal component in significantly improving treatment outcomes in patients with sarcoma or other cancers.
Providing Psychological Counseling in Community Colleges: Even Greater Challenges and Fewer Resources.

Community college counseling is often not well understood in the “university-centric” higher education community. In fact, work at community college counseling centers typically involves an exaggerated version of the challenges found at university counseling centers. At a community college, there are usually vastly fewer resources from the college (number of staff, facilities, and overall financial support), and the student clients often face many more struggles (economic, academic, and psychological). Recently, various professional counseling organizations have begun including community college counselors, and expanded collaboration between those who work at community colleges and at universities benefits all.
Emergency Department Visits by Older Adults with Mental Illness in North Carolina

Author(s): Hakenewerth, Anne M.; Tintinalli, Judith E.; Waller, Anna E.; Ising, Amy | Abstract: Introduction: We analyzed emergency department (ED) visits by patients with mental health disorders (MHDs) in North Carolina from 2008-2010 to determine frequencies and characteristics of ED visits by older adults with MHDs.Methods: We extracted ED visit data from the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT). We defined mental health visits as visits with a mental health ICD-9-CM diagnostic code, and organized MHDs into clinically similar groups for analysis.Results: Those ≥65 with MHDs accounted for 27.3% of all MHD ED visits, and 51.2% were admitted. The most common MHD diagnoses for this age group were psychosis, and stress/anxiety/depression.Conclusion: Older adults with MHDs account for over one-quarter of ED patients with MHDs, and their numbers will continue to increase as the “boomer” population ages. We must anticipate and prepare for the MHD-related needs of the elderly.
Effect of adenosine on heart rate in isolated muskrat and guinea pig hearts

The purpose of this study was to compare the responses of isolated hearts of the diving muskrat with the nondividing guinea pig (GP) to determine the contribution of adenosine (ADO) to the profound bradycardia that was seen in isolated muskrat hearts during exposure to hypoxia. Muskrat hearts were more sensitive than GP hearts to the heart rate-lowering effects of exogenously applied ADO or a stable ADO analogue, (R)-N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine. The hearts of both species were unpaced, and the bradycardia appeared to be due to high degree of atrioventricular block. Radioligand binding with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine to A1-ADO receptors was greater in cardiac membranes prepared from GP hearts than from muskrat hearts. Nucleoside transporter antagonist binding was also greater in GP hearts compared with muskrats. This was determined by membrane binding of [3H]-nitrobenzylthioinosine, an antagonist of nucleoside transport. Both muskrat and GP hearts responded to 30 min of hypoxic perfusion by releasing ADO into the coronary effluent; however, the muskrat hearts released approximately five times more than the GP hearts. When hearts were subjected to hypoxia in the presence of ADO deaminase, theophylline, or 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline, the hypoxia-induced bradycardia was blocked in the GP hearts and either slightly reduced or not affected in muskrat hearts. In contrast to GP hearts, muskrat hearts release larger amounts of ADO during hypoxia and are more sensitive to the negative chronotropic effects of exogenously administered ADO; yet the hypoxia-induced bradycardia does not appear to be exclusively mediated by ADO in the muskrat as it is in the isolated GP heart.
Sperm Centrosomes: Kiss Your Asterless Goodbye, for Fertility’s Sake

Centrosomes are reduced to their cores in sperm. Emerging molecular explanations for centrosome construction have now helped to elucidate the mechanism of their destruction in sperm. Since centrosome inaccuracies cause aneuploidies responsible for cancers, birth defects and infertility, this new insight into centrosome behavior has broad implications.
Wnt5a regulates Mart1 expression via increases in IL-6

6127 Earlier studies have shown that microarray analysis of melanoma can distinguish more motile from less motile cells, despite similar histopathology. One key feature of this gene expression signature is that cells that are more motile have high expression of WNT5A and low expression of MART-1. Reconstituting WNT5A expression in cells with low levels of WNT5A increases motility of these cells, via the activation of protein kinase C. In order to better understand the pathways by which WNT5A mediates motility, we performed RNAi knockdown of WNT5A in cells that were transfected with WNT5A. We could establish using Western analysis, and confocal microscopy, that Wnt5a protein expression was downregulated by RNAi, and this contributed to the deactivation of PKC, and its subsequent translocation from the membrane to the cytoplasm. Array analysis of these RNAi treated cells also demonstrated that WNT5A overexpression suppressed the expression of a large amount of genes. To determine if WNT5A could directly affect the expression of MART1 and TYRP1, we treated WNT5A expressing cells with RNAi against WNT5A, and analyzed changes in the expression of these genes using real time PCR. MART1 expression, nearly absent in a number of highly metastatic melanoma lines, was reconstituted as early as 24 hours, as was MITF expression and TYRP, both of which are lost in the presence of high WNT5A. The reverse could also be observed when treating low- WNT5A expressing cells with medium containing Wnt5a protein. In a study of a panel of RNA from melanoma cells derived from patient tissues we found a robust inverse relationship between WNT5A and MART1. Furthermore, preliminary data indicates that these effects may be mediated via a Wnt5a- dependent increase in IL-6 both at the level of secretion, and transcription, resulting in the phosphorylation of STAT-3 and a subsequent down-regulation of PAX3, the presence of which is required, along with MITF, for expression of MART1, TYRP1 and GP100. Experiments to determine if WNT5A over-expression can protect melanoma cells in vitro from cytolysis by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) recognizing MART1 peptide are currently underway.
Seasonal Variation in the Incidence of Hip Fracture among White Persons Aged 65 Years and Older in the United States, 1984–1987

This study uses 44 consecutive months of data from the Health Care Financing Administration to assess seasonal trends in hip fracture incidence among the United States white population aged 65 years and older. The authors studied a total of 621,387 cases of hip fracture which occurred from January 1984 to September 1987. During the study period, hip fracture incidence rates display a distinctive pattern of seasonal periodicity; high rates are found in the winter and low rates in the summer among both males and females. This pattern of seasonal periodicity is consistent at ages 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and greater than or equal to 85 years. When the time series of rates are stratified into five geographic levels, each level covering 5 degrees of latitude, the distinctive pattern of seasonal periodicity is the same for all levels.
The American Export Trading Company: Designing a New International Marketing Institution:

While recent legislation provides the legal basis for the development of American export trading companies, the law leaves decisions regarding operating characteristics and export services to the p...
In vitro production of feline IgG: quantification by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

AbstractWe report here on the development of a sensitive and convenient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for feline IgG by using commercially available reagents and optimizing their concentrations. The reagents employed include goat anti-cat IgG antibody and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-cat IgG antibody. The assay described is sensitive, reproducible, and highly specific for feline IgG. The assay was applied for the measurement of feline IgG synthesized and secreted in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with or without a polyclonal B-cell activator. The amounts of secreted IgG in the supernatants measured by an ELISA correlated well with the numbers of IgG-secreting cells which were induced upon stimulation with pokeweed mitogen and determined by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay.
Hitchhiking on the heptahelical highway: structure and function of 7TM receptor complexes

Seven transmembrane domain (7TM) receptors are a vast group of proteins that respond to various cues and transmit signals intracellularly by interacting with heterotrimeric G proteins, arrestins and G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Recent structural analyses reveal common means of interaction between 7TM receptors and these intracellular signalling components.
The Strategic Use of Rhetoric: Disagreeable Language in Supreme Court Opinions

We explore the factors that lead Supreme Court justices to integrate disagreeable rhetoric into their written, signed opinions. We suggest that deploying disagreeable rhetoric is a costly exercise that is governed by strategic considerations. In particular, we posit that justices will be more willing to pay the costs of disagreeability for issues that are of high personal or legal significance, while they will prove less willing to employ disagreeable rhetoric as they drive to accommodate an ideologically diverse set of colleagues. Examining judicial opinions from 1946-2011 using text-based measures of negative language, we find consistent evidence on both accounts. Moreover, we find that several predictors are robust across majority, dissenting, and concurring opinions. Finally, to explore one consequence of disagreeable rhetoric, we show that it is negatively related to the size of majority coalitions, suggesting important implications for the legitimacy of the Supreme Court.
Flow injection method for the detection of cyanide in drinking water

[Objective]To develop a flow injection analysis method for determination of cyanide in drinking water.[Methods]By using SKALAR SAN++ automatic flow injection analyzer,the content of cyanide in drinking water was determined with the straight distillation.[Results]The linear relationship of this method was good(r=0.999 4),the linearity range was 1.25-50 μg/L,the relative deviation ranged from 1.06%-6.0%,and the detection limit was 1.2 μg/L.[Conclusion]This method is simple and rapid,with less interference and high sensitivity,which has higher practical value and is suitable for the detection of large quantities of samples.
Analysis and calculation on maximum repair-amount of repair-link in chain of assembly dimensions

Carrying out repair on the repair link for the assembly of airplanes is one of the effective methods for compensating and coordinating the accumulated errors of airplane assembly. In order to satisfy the assembly requirement of the closed chain, the amount of repair ought to have a limiting value. Firstly, four situations that affect the closed chain, while the repair link is being repaired, were analyzed. The computational formulae of maximum amount of repair for the repair link under these four situations were derived respectively, and their results were all the same. These formulae are conducive to carrying out a reasonable repair on the repair link in the course of assembly, and have already got an application to the assembly of airplanes.
Playing with Time: manipulation of Time and rate in a Multi-rate signal Processing Pipeline.

Time is a central notion in synthesis engines, and manipulating time is an important part of structuring an instrument, a sound or a performance. We discuss how time can be treated in a flexible-rate and multi-rate dataflow engine that does not operate on a preferred rate. We describe how rates can be locally controlled, now interweaving rates can be managed. A multi-rate pipeline has benefits both for computational load as well as ease of building dataflow interactively in live performance.
The Use of Experimental Structures to Model Protein Dynamics

The number of solved protein structures submitted in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) has increased dramatically in recent years. For some specific proteins, this number is very high-for example, there are over 550 solved structures for HIV-1 protease, one protein that is essential for the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. The large number of structures for the same protein and its variants include a sample of different conformational states of the protein. A rich set of structures solved experimentally for the same protein has information buried within the dataset that can explain the functional dynamics and structural mechanism of the protein. To extract the dynamics information and functional mechanism from the experimental structures, this chapter focuses on two methods-Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Elastic Network Models (ENM). PCA is a widely used statistical dimensionality reduction technique to classify and visualize high-dimensional data. On the other hand, ENMs are well-established simple biophysical method for modeling the functionally important global motions of proteins. This chapter covers the basics of these two. Moreover, an improved ENM version that utilizes the variations found within a given set of structures for a protein is described. As a practical example, we have extracted the functional dynamics and mechanism of HIV-1 protease dimeric structure by using a set of 329 PDB structures of this protein. We have described, step by step, how to select a set of protein structures, how to extract the needed information from the PDB files for PCA, how to extract the dynamics information using PCA, how to calculate ENM modes, how to measure the congruency between the dynamics computed from the principal components (PCs) and the ENM modes, and how to compute entropies using the PCs. We provide the computer programs or references to software tools to accomplish each step and show how to use these programs and tools. We also include computer programs to generate movies based on PCs and ENM modes and describe how to visualize them.
Laser Polishing: Green Path to Improved Accelerator Surfaces

We pursued three paths toward reducing the initial cost and operating expense of particle accelerators. First, we investigated laser surface melting as an alternative to the present cavity processing approach using noxious chemicals. We successfully demonstrated a process that can be scaled up and defined the path to do so. Second, we sought to develop tailored laser pulsing as a way to simulate the thermal fatigue environment responsible for damaging accelerator components. Though the first three steps along the path were successfully accomplished, the final segment depended on collaborators with unique facilities, whose program was terminated. The third segment aimed to acquire a fundamental understanding of the widely used chemical process that yields the rough surfaces smoothed by laser melting. We found that the roughness is an inherent and unavoidable outcome that limits the performance of components processed thusly.
Fiction: A Screenplay-to-Understanding

In this chapter, fiction is shown to be a relevant form of educating. While fiction is a different way of reporting, it provides a profound way to express truth. What is more, the mythology of my own life story is presented in the context of diasporic discourse, which is vividly explained in reference to the screenplay The Goddess Within. The narrative theories, reflective practice, and the transmedia storytelling framework are introduced and analyzed.
Scaling Chemical Reactors

In this chapter, we apply dimensional analysis to chemical processes. We use homogeneous batch reactions, plug flow reactions, and porous solid–catalyzed reactions as examples. We show how to derive the dimensionless parameters for these examples, then we show how to combine them to form the Group I, II, III, and IV Damkohler numbers, as well as the Reynolds number. These numbers are used during process upscaling.
Nutrient management on dairy farms in Southeastern Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT: Overapplication of nutrients on cropland has caused serious water quality problems in southeastern Pennsylvania. Alternatives for alleviating the problems include improving nutrient allocations throughout the farm, reducing nutrient applications, implementing soil conservation practices, and off-site manure disposal. Solutions for improving water quality may impose substantial costs on farmers.
Alternative and Non-traditional Treatments of Glaucoma

Glaucoma often exists and progresses at normal or even low intraocular pressure (IOP) levels, on the basis of IOP-independent risk factors. Pressure-independent risk factors have only begun to be explored. Decreased perfusion of the optic nerve head may result from orthostatic hypotension, nocturnal hypotension, atrial fibrillation, migraine, Raynaud’s phenomenon, abnormally low intracranial pressure, autoimmune phenomena, and sleep apnea. Hemorheologic abnormalities, such as increased erythrocyte agglutinability, decreased erythrocyte deformability, increased serum viscosity, or increased platelet aggregability, may also play a role. Recent evidence has implicated oxidative stress as playing a significant role in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors are expressed on RGCs and may play a role in apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.
Local collection, reaction and analysis with theta pipette emitters

A mobile nanofluidic device based on theta pipettes was developed for "collect-react-analyze" measurements of small volumes of a sample collected locally from biological samples. Specifically, we demonstrate execution of local reactions inside single cells and on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms for targeted analysis of metabolites. Nanoliter volumes of the sample, post-reaction, were delivered to a mass spectrometer via electrospray ionization (ESI) for chemical analysis. A new strategy was developed where the additional barrel of a theta pipette was utilized both to enable chemical manipulations after sample collection and to electrospray the nanoliter sample volumes collected directly from the pipette tip. This strategy proved a robust method for ESI from nanometer sized tips without clogging or degradation of the emitter and obviated the need to coat glass pipettes with a conductive metal coating. Chemical reactions investigated include acid catalyzed degradation of oligosaccharides inside the pipette tip to increase the detection sensitivity of minor metabolites found in Allium cepa cells. Additionally, phenylboronic acid complexation of carbohydrates from single cells and liposaccharides from biofilms was also performed inside the pipette tip for selective detection of carbohydrates and liposaccharides with cis-diols.
Google Flu Trends y los datos masivos: ¿extrapolable al ébola? / Google Flu Trendsand Mass Data: Extrapolated to Ebola?

ABSTRACT Millions of people surf the Internet through the Google search engine. This company leveraging in-training your users Google Flu Trends developed in 2008. This tool was created with the aim of collecting data for the incidence of influenza in a country with high precision. This application records queries that netizens through its search engine Google and the data obtained their own conclusions, as if from a study of epidemiology is involved. Three years later the development of this tool, in 2011, the information you offer data did not resemble reality. What had happened? The Data Journalism was failing. Many users who did not have the flu seeking information on the Internet and Google Flu Trends counted them how sick. With this paper is to analyze this tool andcompare their progress and results with Ebola disease. RESUMEN Millones de personas navegan en Internet a traves del buscador de Google. Esta compania aprovechando la informacion de sus usuarios desarrollo Google Flu Trends en 2008. Esta herramienta nace con el objetivo de recabar datos para obtener la incidencia de la gripe en un pais determinado con una gran precision. Esta aplicacion registra las consultas que hacen los cibernautas a traves de su buscador Google y con esos datos obtiene sus propias conclusiones, como si de un estudio de epidemiologia se tratara. Tres anos mas tarde del desarrollo de esta herramienta, en 2011, la informacion que ofrecian los datos no se asemejaban a la realidad. ?Que habia pasado? El Periodismo de datos estaba fallando. Muchos usuarios que no padecian la gripe buscaban informacion en Internet y Google Trends Flu los contaba como enfermos. Con este paper se pretende analizar esta herramienta y comparar su evolucion y resultados con la enfermedad del ebola.
Teaching Programming with Gamified Semantics

Dominant approaches to programming education emphasize program construction over language comprehension. We present Reduct, an educational game embodying a new, comprehension-first approach to teaching novices core programming concepts which include functions, Booleans, equality, conditionals, and mapping functions over sets. In this novel teaching strategy, the player executes code using reduction-based operational semantics. During gameplay, code representations fade from concrete, block-based graphics to the actual syntax of JavaScript ES2015. We describe our design rationale and report on the results of a study evaluating the efficacy of our approach on young adults (18+) without prior coding experience. In a short timeframe, novices demonstrated promising learning of core concepts expressed in actual JavaScript. We also present results from an online deployment. Finally, we discuss ramifications for the design of future computational thinking games.
Establishing a Paradigm: A Systematic Analysis of Interactive Advertising Research

ABSTRACTThis study presents a review of the advertising literature published in the Journal of Interactive Advertising (JIAD) through the application of a paradigm funnel. The technique is designed to systematically explore, classify, and analyze a body of work to gain insight into the current status of a research paradigm. Subsequently, interactive advertising is defined within a scholarly framework and more than 186 research articles are evaluated. The results provide a foundation for helping advertising scholars identify patterns, existing gaps in the literature, and research opportunities for the future that will expand our understanding of interactive advertising.
MRI and biomechanics multidimensional data analysis reveals R2 -R1ρ as an early predictor of cartilage lesion progression in knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose To couple quantitative compositional MRI, gait analysis, and machine learning multidimensional data analysis to study osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a multifactorial disorder accompanied by biochemical and morphological changes in the articular cartilage, modulated by skeletal biomechanics and gait. While we can now acquire detailed information about the knee joint structure and function, we are not yet able to leverage the multifactorial factors for diagnosis and disease management of knee OA. Materials and Methods We mapped 178 subjects in a multidimensional space integrating: demographic, clinical information, gait kinematics and kinetics, cartilage compositional T1ρ and T2 and R2-R1ρ (1/T2–1/T1ρ) acquired at 3T and whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score morphological grading. Topological data analysis (TDA) and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were adopted for data integration, analysis, and hypothesis generation. Regression models were used for hypothesis testing. Results The results of the TDA showed a network composed of three main patient subpopulations, thus potentially identifying new phenotypes. T2 and T1ρ values (T2 lateral femur P = 1.45*10-8, T1ρ medial tibia P = 1.05*10-5), the presence of femoral cartilage defects (P = 0.0013), lesions in the meniscus body (P = 0.0035), and race (P = 2.44*10-4) were key markers in the subpopulation classification. Within one of the subpopulations we observed an association between the composite metric R2-R1ρ and the longitudinal progression of cartilage lesions. Conclusion The analysis presented demonstrates some of the complex multitissue biochemical and biomechanical interactions that define joint degeneration and OA using a multidimensional approach, and potentially indicates that R2-R1ρ may be an imaging biomarker for early OA. Level of Evidence: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Assessing ecosystem integrity of restored prairie wetlands from species production-diversity relationships

We assessed ecosystem integrity in restored prairie wetlands in eastern South Dakota, U.S.A., by examining the relationship between and diatom diversity and production. We asked three questions: (1) Is production related to species diversity? (2) Can production-diversity relationships be used to distinguish between restored and reference wetlands with the purpose of assessing ecological integrity? (3) Are production-diversity relationships influenced by species composition? Eight undisturbed, unrestored wetlands were chosen as references to compare to eight wetlands restored after drainage. Diatoms were collected from artificial substrates that allowed communities to be transplanted from restored to reference wetlands and visa versa. Production was measured as total cell biovolume and diversity as species richness. Neither diversity nor production alone differed between restored and reference wetlands. However, production was negatively related to diversity at restored wetlands, whereas production at reference wetlands was not. Communities transplanted from reference to restored wetlands exhibited a production-diversity relationship like that observed among control samples in restored wetlands. Likewise, communities transplanted from restored to reference wetlands apparently lost any such relationship after they were relocated. Production was dependent on species composition. Furthermore, production of some species differed by restored and reference wetland type. The negative relationship observed between diversity and production was strongly influenced by Rhopalodia gibbaand Epithemia species, suggesting that these species were superior competitors under the conditions found in some restored wetlands. We consider restored wetlands displaying the highest production:diversity ratio to be the most impaired sites, based on the extreme deviation from reference wetlands. We conclude that the relationships between diversity and production provided a rapid measure of restored wetland integrity with respect to baseline conditions observed in reference sites.
Robot-assisted totally endoscopic coronary bypass surgery

Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) surgery can exclusively be undertaken with the aid of operative robots. In the past two decades, surgical remote manipulator systems—predominantly the daVinci® devices—have brought us the reality of endoscopic internal mammary artery harvesting and coronary bypass anastomoses via minimally invasive thoracic port access. Single up to quadruple TECAB interventions are recently feasible; the procedure can be delivered either as beating heart applying endoscopic vacuum stabilizer or under cardioplegic arrest on heart-lung machine. Significant surgical team learning curves are involved in a stepwise development of these complex procedures, including intense dry- and wet-lab trainings, endoscopic internal mammary artery harvesting and manual coronary anastomosis building through a thoracotomy. Increasing number of papers have been published regarding clinical TECAB series in the past decade. In arrested heart TECAB procedures on cardiopulmonary bypass, the conversion rate from port access to larger thoracic incision measures 15.1% and no perioperative mortality is observed in published records. Stroke, kidney failure and atrial fibrillation rates stay at 0.6, 0.4 and 12.9%, respectively. Analysis of beating heart TECAB procedures revealed a conversion rate of 15.3%, perioperative mortality 0.4%, stroke 0.3%, kidney failure 0.6% and atrial fibrillation 9.2%. Additionally, due to the obviously smaller surgical trauma, a remarkable fast return to normal daily activities can be demonstrated in clinical series of robotic assisted coronary bypass surgery. Short-term freedom of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) stays over 90%. Long-term studies reveal 5-year freedom of MACCE in the 75.2 to 83.1% range. Nowadays, total endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting is a feasible and reproducible surgical method. Advanced hybrid coronary interventions offer complex multivessel TECAB with support of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Combination of the above techniques widens the spectrum of minimally invasive therapeutic solutions concerning multivessel procedure including bilateral internal mammary grafts and drug-eluting stents.
Defense-in-depth framework for microgrid secure operations against cyberattacks

The paper proposes a defense-in-depth framework for guarding microgrid operations against malicious cyberattacks, with the help of software-defined networking technologies. In order to fend off cyberattacks, the framework contains three lines of defense. Security measures act as the first line include application-based segmentation and real-time monitoring and verification; measures realizing moving-target defense and defensive deception are deployed on the second line; the third line comprises measures such as decentralized power control and self-healing communication networking. The role of the proposed framework in ensuring microgrid secure operations can be identified by cyber-power co-simulation.
Drug Therapy Problem Identification and Resolution by Clinical Pharmacists in a Family Medicine Residency Clinic.

Purpose: There are limited data to evaluate the impact of ambulatory clinical pharmacist recommendations on family medicine resident prescribing and monitoring of medications. The purpose of this study is to begin to gain insight in this area by answering the research question, “How many ambulatory clinical pharmacist recommendations for drug therapy problem (DTP) resolution are implemented on the day of a medication therapy management (MTM) visit in an outpatient family medicine residency clinic?” Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of face-to-face MTM encounters conducted by ambulatory clinical pharmacists (including pharmacist residents) from August 1, 2012 to June 30, 2015 at a family medicine residency clinic. Descriptive statistics were conducted to both quantify the number of DTPs identified and resolved on the day of the MTM visit as well as categorize the DTPs. Results: Based on the 728 MTM encounters analyzed, patients were an average of 53.6 years old and took 11.9 medications to treat 5.7 medical conditions. A total of 3057 DTPs were identified in the 728 encounters, of which 1303 were resolved the same day as the MTM visit. This resulted in an average of 4.2 DTPs identified and 2.0 resolved per visit per patient. The most common DTP category identified in this study was the need for additional drug therapy (41.6%). Conclusions: Approximately half of the ambulatory clinical pharmacist’s DTP resolution recommendations were implemented the same day they were identified, which highlights the strength of team-based patient care and interprofessional collaboration in a residency teaching clinic. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties. Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB determined project was non-HSR Type: Original Research
Towards the formulation of robust and sustainable cementitious binders for 3-D additive construction by extrusion

Abstract Additive construction by extrusion (ACE), also known as construction-scale 3-D printing, is becoming a new paradigm for concrete construction. While significant cost and manpower savings are projected, many issues remain to be solved before ACE can be viewed as a mainstream technology. Among these is the formulation of a robust and sustainable binder that meets the demanding rheological and mechanical performance requirements of an ACE application. This paper investigates the development of such a binder by exploring pastes prepared from binary blends of cement with limestone powder at various proportions, supplemented with the incorporation of a retarder/accelerator admixture combination. Performance is chiefly characterized by applying a Bingham fluid model to characterize the rheological parameters of yield stress and plastic viscosity and by assessing hydration via isothermal calorimetry measurements. Matching the surface area of the limestone powder to that of the cement that it is replacing affords the opportunity to regulate rheology via water content adjustments, while engineering the cement:limestone powder ratio to provide the desired mechanical properties. The utilization of the retarder/accelerator combination produces a paste with a long pot life (stable rheology) that can be quickly stiffened via the injection of the accelerator (and retarded paste) into a static mixer just prior to the printer’s exit nozzle. Thus, these pastes demonstrate the potential to provide a robust and sustainable binder for ACE applications.
A Parallel Solver to the Three-Level VSC Modeling for HIL Application

This paper presents enhanced parallel field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture for solving the model of diode-clamped three-level voltage source converter (VSC). The simulator is intended for the testing evaluation of digital control based on the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) concept. The philosophies of the proposed implementation are: 1) it enables to the use of simulation as low as 40 nanoseconds, 2) it can provide a fixed timeline for the whole system execution; 3) it effectively utilize the parallel architecture in the FPGA. The implementation results in the National Instruments FIexRIO PXIe-7975 platform are compared with offline simulation in Matlab. The results show high accuracy of the modeling approach.