cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulations of stress distributions in crankshaft sections under fillet rolling and bending fatigue tests

Abstract The residual stresses due to fillet rolling and the bending stresses near the fillets of crankshaft sections under bending fatigue tests are important driving forces to determine the bending fatigue limits of crankshafts. In this paper, the residual stresses and the bending stresses near the fillet of a crankshaft section under fillet rolling and subsequent bending fatigue tests are investigated by a two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis based on the anisotropic hardening rule of Choi and Pan [Choi KS, Pan J. A generalized anisotropic hardening rule based on the Mroz multi-yield-surface model for pressure insensitive and sensitive materials (in preparation)]. The evolution equation for the active yield surface during the unloading/reloading process is first presented based on the anisotropic hardening rule of Choi and Pan (in preparation) and the Mises yield function. The tangent modulus procedure of Peirce et al. [Peirce D, Shih CF, Needleman A. A tangent modulus method for rate dependent solids. Comput Struct 1984;18:875–87] for rate-sensitive materials is adopted to derive the constitutive relation. A user material subroutine based on the anisotropic hardening rule and the constitutive relation was written and implemented into ABAQUS. Computations were first conducted for a simple plane strain finite element model under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic loading conditions based on the anisotropic hardening rule, the isotropic and nonlinear kinematic hardening rules of ABAQUS. The results indicate that the plastic response of the material follows the intended input stress–strain data for the anisotropic hardening rule whereas the plastic response depends upon the input strain ranges of the stress–strain data for the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule. Then, a two-dimensional plane-strain finite element analysis of a crankshaft section under fillet rolling and subsequent bending was conducted based on the anisotropic hardening rule of Choi and Pan (in preparation) and the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule of ABAQUS. In general, the trends of the stress distributions based on the two hardening rules are quite similar after the release of roller and under bending. However, the compressive hoop stress based on the anisotropic hardening rule is larger than that based on the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule within the depth of 2 mm from the fillet surface under bending with consideration of the residual stresses of fillet rolling. The critical locations for fatigue crack initiation according to the stress distributions based on the anisotropic hardening rule appear to agree with the experimental observations in bending fatigue tests of crankshaft sections.
Street life and drug risk behaviors associated with exchanging sex among male street children in Lahore, Pakistan.

Background Throughout the developing world, children living on urban streets is a byproduct of economic deprivation. In Lahore, Pakistan, there are an estimated 5,000–7,000 street children.
Specificity of lysophospholipase D

The specificity of lysophospholipase D (1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine ethanolaminehydrolase, EC 3.1.4.39; also works on choline analogs) for 1-alkyl- and 1-acyl-linked substrates was examined using rat liver microsomes. The microsomes were treated with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate to inhibit the hydrolysis of acyl chains from the acyl-linked compounds (1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) and were treated with p-bromophenacyl bromide to block acylation of the compounds tested. In the presence of the inhibitors, 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine were hydrolyzed extensively by lysophospholipase D but the corresponding 1-acyl-linked analogs were only negligibly hydrolyzed. Lysophospholipase D therefore appears to be specific for the ether-linked compounds. 1-Alk-1-'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (lyso plasmalogen) was also tested as a substrate, but a plasmalogenase in the rat liver microsomes rapidly hydrolyzed the compound and we were unable to determine whether it is a substrate for lysophospholipase D. Alkyl-linked substrates containing long-chain acyl groups at the 2-position are not hydrolyzed by the enzymes. We tested 1-alkyl-2-acetoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-alkyl-2-acetoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine to determine if the less bulky, more hydrophilic acetate group would permit hydrolysis by lysophospholipase D; the derivatives did not appear to be attacked, except after hydrolysis of the acetate group. However, in the absence of inhibitors, the acetate groups were rapidly hydrolyzed by microsomal preparations.
Analysis of seasonal fluctuations of CSF monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides in normal controls: Findings with 5HIAA and HVA

Abstract Seasonal variations of certain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters have been reported in several psychiatric patient groups, but there is little or no available information on such variations in normal individuals. To evaluate possible circannual variations in the major CSF monoamine metabolites and an array of neuropeptide measures, we analyzed data from 20 to 34 normal volunteers studied over a 3-year period. Data were analyzed for seasonal and cross-seasonal fluctuations by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni t tests when appropriate. The only statistically significant findings by ANOVA were for CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), both of which were lowest during spring and highest during summer. These spring-summer differences were statistically significant following Bonferroni t tests. These data support a growing body of evidence indicating a substantial seasonal effect on the serotonin system and suggest that any group analysis of SCF 5HIAA, and perhaps HVA, should take into account circannual variability.
CYTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF MULTIVESICULAR BODY AND GOLGI VESICLES

To investigate the origin and nature of vesicles found within multivesicular bodies (mvb), the cytochemical staining properties of mvb vesicles were compared with those of other cytoplasmic vesicles, i.e. those associated with the Golgi complex and endocytic vesicles found near the apical cell surface. Rat epididymal tissue was stained in unbuffered OsO4 for 40–48 hr, and the distribution of stain was compared to that of reaction products for acid phosphatase (AcPase) to mark lysosomal vesicles, or thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) to mark certain Golgi vesicles, or infused with peroxidase (HRPase) to demonstrate endocytic vesicles. Mvb vesicles were stained only by OsO4; AcPase, TPPase, and HRPase reaction products stained the mvb matrix. OsO4 also stained certain vesicles along the convex surface of the Golgi complex. The findings suggest that mvb vesicles in epididymal epithelium are not lysosomes and are not involved in protein uptake. The majority of these vesicles have cytochemical reactions in common with vesicles located along the convex surface of the Golgi complex and may be derived therefrom. A minority are derived from the mvb-limiting membrane.
Heat Waves, Meteor Showers, and Trading Volume: An Analysis of Volatility Spillovers in the U.S. Treasury Market *

The market for U.S. Treasury securities operates around-the-clock from the three main trading centers of Tokyo, London, and New York. We examine this market for volatility spillovers using the methodology employed by Engle, Ito, and Lin (1990) for the foreign exchange market. We find meteor showers in Tokyo and London but not New York; i.e., volatility spills over into Tokyo and London from the other trading centers, but not into New York. We also find that lagged trading volume significantly impacts U.S. Treasury yield volatility for the overseas trading centers, although it does not change the basic meteor shower findings.
Phosphorylation-dependent Pex11p and Fis1p interaction regulates peroxisome division

Peroxisome division is regulated by the conserved peroxin Pex11p. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc), induction of the phosphoprotein ScPex11p coincides with peroxisome biogenesis. We show that the ScPex11p homologue in Pichia pastoris (PpPex11p) is phosphorylated at serine 173. PpPex11p expression and phosphorylation are induced in oleate and coordinated with peroxisome biogenesis. PpPex11p transits to peroxisomes via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PpPex11p is unstable and ER restricted gin pex3Δ and pex19Δ cells, which are impaired in peroxisomal membrane protein biogenesis. In oleate medium, the P. pastoris mutants pex11A (constitutively unphosphorylated; S173A) and pex11D (constitutively phosphorylated; S173D) exhibit juxtaposed elongated peroxisomes (JEPs) and hyperdivided forms, respectively, although protein levels remain unchanged. In contrast with ScPex11p, the ER-to-peroxisome translocation in P. pastoris is phosphorylation independent, and the phosphorylation occurs at the peroxisome. We show that PpPex11p interacts with the peroxisome fission machinery via PpFis1p and is regulated by phosphorylation because PpPex11p and PpPex11Dp interact more strongly with PpFis1p than PpPex11Ap. Neither PpPex11p nor PpFis1p is necessary for peroxisome division in methanol medium. We propose a model for the role of PpPex11p in the regulation of peroxisome division through a phosphorylation-dependent interaction with the fission machinery, providing novel insights into peroxisome morphogenesis.
A review of practical Salmonella control measures in animal feed

SUMMARY Salmonella is a major microbial hazard in animal feed. Salmonella can persist for long periods in a wide range of materials. The lack of uniformity involved in Salmonella contamination and the large volumes of feed produced make accurate assessments of feed contamination rates difficult. Salmonella control principles may be divided into 3 broad categories: efforts to prevent contamination from entering the facility, work to reduce microbial multiplication within the plant, and procedures designed to kill the pathogen. Preventing contamination also involves controlling dust, managing the flow of equipment and humans, reducing rodent infestations, preventing contamination from wild birds, and ensuring the sanitation of transport vehicles. Reducing Salmonella multiplication in feed manufacturing facilities involves discovering microbial growth niches and reducing conditions that lead to growth. Killing Salmonella may involve thermal processing (pelleting) or chemical addition. Pelleting reduces, but may not completely eliminate, Salmonella contamination because of limitations of the process or recontamination after thermal processing. Chemical additions to control Salmonella in feed primarily involve the use of products containing organic acid, formaldehyde, or a combination of such compounds.
Architecture design of an H.264/AVC decoder for real-time FPGA implementation

This paper discusses hardware development of a real-lime H.264/AVC video decoder. Synthesis results are presented for example implementations of the inverse quantization, inverse transform, and deblocking filter stages. A hardware architecture is also proposed for FPGA implementations of a complete video decoder
Recognition of tRNAGln by Helicobacter pylori GluRS2—a tRNAGln-specific glutamyl-tRNA synthetase

Accurate aminoacylation of tRNAs by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) plays a critical role in protein translation. However, some of the aaRSs are missing in many microorganisms. Helicobacter pylori does not have a glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) but has two divergent glutamyl-tRNA synthetases: GluRS1 and GluRS2. Like a canonical GluRS, GluRS1 aminoacylates tRNAGlu1 and tRNAGlu2. In contrast, GluRS2 only misacylates tRNAGln to form Glu-tRNAGln. It is not clear how GluRS2 achieves specific recognition of tRNAGln while rejecting the two H. pylori tRNAGlu isoacceptors. Here, we show that GluRS2 recognizes major identity elements clustered in the tRNAGln acceptor stem. Mutations in the tRNA anticodon or at the discriminator base had little to no impact on enzyme specificity and activity.
Privacy-preserving decision trees over vertically partitioned data

Privacy and security concerns can prevent sharing of data, derailing data-mining projects. Distributed knowledge discovery, if done correctly, can alleviate this problem. We introduce a generalized privacy-preserving variant of the ID3 algorithm for vertically partitioned data distributed over two or more parties. Along with a proof of security, we discuss what would be necessary to make the protocols completely secure. We also provide experimental results, giving a first demonstration of the practical complexity of secure multiparty computation-based data mining.
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation.

AJR:192, May 2009 known, and a strong correlation with another disease process has not been found [3, 4]. SANT has a distinctive gross appearance. It is a well-circumscribed mass composed of numerous nodules derived from red pulp alternating with bands of dense fibrous tissue that coalesce to form a central, stellate fibrous scar [3]. Microscopically, SANT is characterized by multiple nodular aggregates of plump endothelial cells and pericytes lining prominent slitlike vascular spaces [2–5]. The nodules are associated with extravasated erythrocytes, and the intervening collagenous stroma contains variable numbers of reactive myofibroblasts, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The endothelial cells exhibit minimal cytologic atypia, with rare mitotic activity [2–5]. Limited imaging information is conveyed by the pathology literature. Two articles provide correlative enhanced CT images [4, 5]. Both have images or descriptions depicting a hypodense mass in the early portal venous phase, with areas of peripheral enhancement that become homogeneous on more delayed imaging. Description of MR findings in one case indicates that the mass showed low signal on T1 and T2 sequences [4]. A recent report, however, describes a single case showing early peripheral enhancement progressing centripetally in a radial pattern [6]. Although the small number of cases with radiologic description precludes definitive assessment, suggestive characteristics of SANT include a well-circumscribed solitary mass of the spleen that initially shows low attenuation with areas of peripheral enhancement after the administration of contrast material. This may reflect the gross pathologic appearance of central fibrous stroma and more peripheral coalescent nodules of angiomatoid Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation
Visuomotor crowding: the resolution of grasping in cluttered scenes.

Reaching toward a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper becomes exceedingly difficult when other objects are nearby. Although much is known about the precision of visual perception in cluttered scenes, relatively little is understood about acting within these environments—the spatial resolution of visuomotor behavior. When the number and density of objects overwhelm visual processing, crowding results, which serves as a bottleneck for object recognition. Despite crowding, featural information of the ensemble persists, thereby supporting texture perception. While texture is beneficial for visual perception, it is relatively uninformative for guiding the metrics of grasping. Therefore, it would be adaptive if the visual and visuomotor systems utilized the clutter differently. Using an orientation task, we measured the effect of crowding on vision and visually guided grasping and found that the density of clutter similarly limited discrimination performance. However, while vision integrates the surround to compute a texture, action discounts this global information. We propose that this dissociation reflects an optimal use of information by each system.
Recurrent ectopic craniopharyngioma

A 66-year-old woman developed an asymptomatic mass in the right frontal lobe 5 years after undergoing a right frontal craniotomy and removal of a craniopharyngioma. The mass progressively enlarged over the next 3 years, during which time it became multiloculated and partially cystic. Repeat craniotomy was performed 8 years after the original operation, at which time the mass was found to be an ectopic craniopharyngioma. The lesion probably resulted from seeding of tumour cells along the surgical tract at the time of the initial surgery.
Scalable Social Coordination with Group Constraints using Enmeshed Queries.

While specific forms of social coordination appear in tools such as Meetup and in game platforms such as XBox LIVE, we introduce a more general model using what we call enmeshed queries. An enmeshed query allows users to declaratively specify an intent to coordinate with other users (who they may not know a priori) by specifying constraints on who/what/when as well as on the composition of the group, such as the desired group size. The database returns a group of users who have registered queries with matching intents. Enmeshed queries are continuous, but new queries (and not data) answer older queries; the group constraints and the ability to coordinate with unknown partners make enmeshed queries differ from entangled queries, publish-subscribe systems, dating services and nested transactions. While even offline group coordination using enmeshed queries is NPhard, we introduce efficient heuristic algorithms that can scale to millions of queries, and find 86% of the matches found by an optimal algorithm using 40 microseconds per query on a 2.5 GHz server machine. We conclude by describing potential generalizations that add prices, recommendations, and data mining to basic enmeshed queries.
Synthesis of (Silylamino)Phospholenes and their Derivatives: Synthesis of a New Spirocyclic Phosphazene

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTPhospholenes containing one or two methyl groups at the 3 and 4 positions on the heterocyclic ring and bis(trimethylsilyl)amino groups on phosphorus were prepared by treating 1-bromo or 1-chlorophospholenes with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide. Several P(V) derivatives of these 2-and 3-phospholenes were prepared by oxidation with hexachloroethane. The chloro groups in the resulting P-chloro-N-trimethylsilyl derivatives were subsequently replaced by phenoxy groups to afford P-phenoxy-N-trimethylsilyl substituted ring compounds. The P-phenoxy-N-trimethylsilyl derivative was hydrolyzed to the corresponding P-amino phosphine oxide; treated with trifluoroethanol to form a new trispirocyclic phosphazene; and copolymerized with Me2P(OPh) = NSiMe3 to give a new phosphazene copolymer containing the phospholene ring (Mw = 3.8 × 104 Da). These new compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The spirocyclic phosphazene was also characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Visual Acuity and Self-Reported Vision Status: Their Associations With Social Isolation in Older Adults

Objectives: This study examined the associations of two measures of vision impairment (i.e., a clinical measure of visual acuity and self-reported vision status) and social isolation in a nationall...
Towards Sensor-Free Affect Detection in Cognitive Tutor Algebra.

In recent years, the usefulness of affect detection for educational software has become clear. Accurate detection of student affect can support a wide range of interventions with the potential to improve student affect, increase engagement, and improve learning. In addition, accurate detection of student affect could play an essential role in research attempting to understand the root causes and impacts of different forms of affect. However, current approaches to affect detection have largely relied upon sensor systems, which are expensive and typically not physically robust to classroom conditions, reducing their potential real-world impact. Work towards sensor-free affect detection has produced detectors that are better than chance, but not substantially better— especially when subject to stringent cross-validation processes. In this paper we present models which can detect student engaged concentration, confusion, frustration, and boredom solely from students' interactions within a Cognitive Tutor for Algebra. These detectors are designed to operate solely on the information available through students’ semantic actions within the interface, making these detectors applicable both for driving interventions and for labeling existing log files in the PSLC DataShop, facilitating future discovery with models analyses at scale.
Erratum to: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU

After publication of this article [1] it has been found that the name of the second author has been misspelt. The correct name is Wendy Ziai which has been herewith corrected in this erratum.
Stability of Cations for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The hydrothermal stability of quaternary ammonium hydroxides was evaluated to better understand the degradation of anion exchange membranes used in alkaline fuel cells. Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide were examined as representative cations for membrane materials. The benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxides displayed much better stability than the phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxides under similar conditions. Additionally, as the concentration of the ammonium hydroxides in water increased, the stability of the cation decreased.
Dilemma Zone Modeling using Yellow-Onset Vehicular Trajectory Data

Dilemma zone is dynamically featured both in location and length at signalized intersections. This study presents a proof-of-concept development of the innovative methodology for characterizing the dynamics of dilemma zones using video-capture techniques. With availability of ground-truth video and extracted vehicle trajectory data, various dilemma zone contributing factors, such as vehicle type, speed at the onset of yellow indication, onset acceleration/deceleration, dilemma zone behavior (pass or stop), yellow duration, and arrival type can be identified and/or quantified. More importantly, the study quantitatively distinguishes and models the risky zone and option zone, both of which constitute a dilemma zone under varied speeds and yellow durations. The paper demonstrates a significant advancement in dilemma zone data analysis and modeling, which provides a solid basis for further research on modeling the dynamics of dilemma zones and loop detectors placement for dilemma zone protection problems in the future.
Imaging Neural Stem Cell Graft-Induced Structural Repair in Stroke:

Stem cell therapy ameliorates motor deficits in experimental stroke model. Multimodal molecular imaging enables real-time longitudinal monitoring of infarct location, size, and transplant survival....
Optical and Acoustic Phonon Dynamics of Exciton Self-Trapping in a Nondegenerate Quasi-One-Dimensional Charge Density Wave System

Localization of electronic excitations via electron–lattice interactions is a process of fundamental interest in molecular materials and has a dramatic impact on their optical and transport propert...
Cooling control system reconstruction in LY Steel CSP

The coil temperature of hot rolling strip is the key factor for the surface quality and profile.The cooling control system reconstruction in LY Steel CSP is introduced in this paper.Based on the LY Steel CSP cooling control system,and according to the traditional heat transfer theory,the non-linear model used for laminar cooling process control is constructed.Model parameter regression for water cooling is also studied during the commission.The practice result indicates that the calculation accuracy of the reconstructed cooling control system is good enough to fit the demand of production.At the same time,the model coefficient is optimized and the control effect is improved.
The Effect of Cost of Living on Employee Wages in the Hospitality Industry

This study examines the effect of cost of living (COL) on employee wages in the hotel industry. Although prior research clearly indicates that COL and wages are positively related, there is a lack ...
The possible inhibitory role of the leucine-zipper DNA binding protein c-fos in the regulation of hepatic gene expression after sepsis.

Background The leucine-zipper c-fos has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression. We investigated the possible role of c-fos in the regulation of hepatic gene expression after sepsis. Based on previous data demonstrating that sepsis inhibits hepatic gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), we hypothesized that c-fos may play a role in the inhibition of CPT gene expression after sepsis. Methods We studied c-fos gene expression after peritoneal sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham-CLP. To investigate the possible inhibitory role of c-fos on CPT gene transcription, we investigated the effect of c-fos on c-jun-driven CPT promoter-chloramphenicol acyltransferase reporter gene expression in a HepG2 hepatoma cell cotransfection model. To investigate the possible role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the regulation of c-fos in vivo, we treated either the sham-CLP group or the CLP group with either vehicle or cAMP. Results Peritoneal sepsis in the rat model resulted in a four-fold increase in hepatic c-fos mRNA and c-fos protein. In the cotransfection model, c-fos significantly inhibited c-jun-induced chloramphenicol acyltransferase activity. Treatment with cAMP resulted in a 50% decrease in c-fos protein in either the sham-CLP or CLP group. Conclusions We conclude that (1) sepsis increases hepatic c-fos transcription and translation, (2) c-fos inhibits c-jun-induced CPT gene expression, and (3) cAMP probably does not directly mediate the increase in c-fos after sepsis.
Looking into the Future: Using Drawings and Interviews to Uncover Migration Expectations Among Rural Ugandan Youth

Rural youth in developing countries make many important decisions about their future including whether to remain in their village or move to the city. The goal of this study was to investigate the ...
The Effect of Product Representation in Visual Conjoint Analysis

When most designers set out to develop a new product they solicit feedback from potential consumers. These data are incorporated into the design process in an effort to more effectively meet customer requirements. Often these data are used to construct a model of consumer preference capable of evaluating candidate designs. Although the mechanics of these models have been extensively studied there are still some open questions, particularly with respect to models of aesthetic preference. When constructing preference models, simplistic product representations are often favored over high fidelity product models in order to save time and expense. This work investigates how choice of product representation can affect model performance in visual conjoint analysis. Preference models for a single product, a table knife, are derived using three different representation schemes; simple sketches, solid models, and 3D printed models. Each of these representations is used in a separate conjoint analysis survey. The results from this study showed that consumer responses were inconsistent and potentially contradictory between different representations. Consequently, when using conjoint analysis for product innovation, obtaining a true understanding of consumer preference requires selecting representations based on how accurately they convey the product details in question.© 2014 ASME
Ruthenium(0)-Catalyzed C–H Arylation of Aromatic Imines under Neutral Conditions: Access to Biaryl Aldehydes

The first ruthenium(0)-catalyzed C–H bond arylation of aromatic imines with arylboronates under neutral conditions is reported. This versatile method provides rapid access to a wide range of biaryl aldehydes that are difficult to assemble using traditional methods with high atom economy. A new hydrogen acceptor for Ru(0) arylation has been identified. This atom-economical strategy has potential for an array of direct applications in Ru(0)-catalyzed C–H bond arylations using removable directing groups. An indole synthesis by a sequential one-pot, multiple C–H activation protocol is reported.
Update on the Toriello–Carey syndrome

Toriello and Carey described a provisionally-unique syndrome comprised of agenesis of the corpus callosum, Pierre Robin anomaly, and a characteristic facial phenotype. Because the condition affected siblings, this entity was postulated to be an autosomal recessive multiple anomaly syndrome. Several patients were subsequently reported, and over time, it became apparent that the Toriello-Carey syndrome was etiologically heterogeneous. Based on previous reports, it is estimated that at least 20% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Toriello-Carey syndrome have a chromosomal anomaly as the basis of the phenotype. However, no basis for the non-chromosomal cases has been found. This review summarizes the literature to date and provides speculation regarding the possible explanations for failing to find the cause of Toriello-Carey syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noisy Nonlinear Gene Regulatory Networks Analysis Using Ensemble Kalman Filter Based Particle Filter without a Model

In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble Kalman filter based particle filter for gene regulatory networks (GRNs) analysis, which incorporates ensemble Kalman filter into particle filter. New particles generated by particle filter are sampled by ensemble Kalman filter, which can take current measurements into account to predict the system states. This will alleviate the sample degeneracy problem in particle filter. The proposed method is model-free algorithm. Both particle filter and ensemble Kalman filter can be applied when the model is unknown, noisy, and nonlinear. This combination of approaches results in comparable accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. In the GRNs analysis, simulation results show that the proposed ensemble Kalman filter based particle filter performs better than particle filter in identifying dynamics relations among genes.
UN Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Sanctions for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules): A Gendered Critique

El 2010, les Nacions Unides van adoptar les Regles de les Nacions Unides per al tractament de les recluses i mesures no privatives de la llibertat per a les dones delinquents (les «regles de Bangkok»). Aixo va ser un pas important en l’adaptacio de les Regles minimes de les Nacions Unides per al tractament dels reclusos de 1955 a les dones delinquents i recluses, i va ser un precursor important per a la revisio de les regles de 1955. Com a instruments juridics no vinculants, son principis de drets humans que reconeixen que les dones recluses tenen diferents necessitats respecte dels reclusos homes. Entre d’altres, tenen en compte la presencia d’alts nivells de victimitzacio entre les recluses i la seva major propensio a autolesionar-se i suicidar-se; la condicio especial d’algunes dones recluses com a mares; les necessitats particulars de salut i higiene de les dones; l’estigma i la discriminacio que pateixen les dones recluses; la necessitat de programes i activitats sensibles al genere per a les dones empresonades; i les necessitats particulars de les dones recluses indigenes i de diversos origens religiosos i culturals. Demanen politiques i programes sensibles al genere als centres penitenciaris en una amplia gamma d’ambits: ingres, classificacio, cures de salut fisica i mental, maternitat a les presons, registres i elaboracio de programes previs i posteriors a la posada en llibertat que tinguin en compte l’estigmatitzacio i la discriminacio de les dones en sortir de la preso, entre d’altres. Examinarem la historia i els antecedents d’aquestes regles, n’oferirem una critica i discutirem les seves implicacions per a les intervencions criminologiques feministes relacionades amb les dones recluses a tot el mon.
Abstract 6170: Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion Predicts Invasive Hemodynamic Markers of Right Ventricular Function in Pulmonary Hypertension

Right ventricular (RV) systolic function is an important prognostic factor in pulmonary hypertension. Its echocardiographic assessment is limited by RV geometry and poor endocardial definition. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV fractional area change (RVFAC) are used as echo measures of RV systolic function. We tested the hypothesis that TAPSE and RVFAC correlate with invasive measurements of cardiac index, dP/dt max and dP/dt max normalized to instantaneous pressure. (dP/dt max /IP). 15 consecutive patients with pulmonary hypertension and clinical indication for right heart catheterization were prospectively evaluated using high fidelity micromanometry in addition to traditional PA catheterization. Patients underwent transthoracic echo immediately following catheterization. TAPSE was measured by M-mode echo as the mean displacement (cm) of the tricuspid annular plane towards the RV apex from end diastole to end systole. RVFAC was measured as the percent change in RV area from end diastole to end systole as measured in the apical four chamber view. In this cohort, TAPSE correlates with cardiac index p≪26>0.046) and inversely with mean pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.001). The strongest correlation was with dP/dt max /IP (r = 0.79; p max /IP. RVFAC was not of use in evaluating RV systolic function. As pulmonary hypertension generates high afterload for the RV, correlation with load-independent indices is a particularly desirable characteristic and more directly reflects myocyte contractility. TAPSE is an excellent marker of right ventricular function.
Hyperplanes, Embeddings, and Teirlinck’s Theory

L. Teirlinck’s theory characterized projective spaces among singular spaces by an axiom on geometric hyperplanes. That theory is recast here so that it applies to any point-line geometry with a suitable subcollection H of geometric hyperplanes satisfying the Teirlinck axiom. If H can separate points, then all singular subspaces are projective spaces. This axiom affects the associated Veldkamp space VH, and has a lot to do with the ability to embed a point-line space into a projective space.
Applied Geography, Institutions, and Racial-Ethnic Experiences

Applied geography, including a diverse range of practitioners united by an interest in problem solving, resulted in geographers employed at all levels of government, private enterprises, nonprofits...
Remotely sensed physical property estimation from powder contaminated surfaces

It is the intent of this paper to demonstrate the veracity of a method to estimate the total solid contaminant mass present on a sparsely coated surface encompassing a pixel from longwave infrared spectra. Sparsely coated surfaces create complex radiometry due to the interactions of electromagnetic energy between intimate materials. Current algorithms can be used on intimate mixtures to identify the abundances of materials in a pixel, but they cannot provide additional property information. Radiative transfer models can create mixture signatures, but only with a set of well-characterized physical parameters that are typically not known or are difficult to retrieve. The approach described here creates a parameter inversion model from a radiative transfer model and uses empirically measured mixture data to retrieve physical characteristics of the contaminated surface and derive a total contaminant mass present.
Symmetries and Noether’s Theorem in MHD

In this chapter we discuss Noether’s first theorem in MHD. The analysis is similar to that in Padhye (1998) and Webb et al. (2005b) We consider the Lagrangian form of the action ( 10.11), namely
Comparison of Relative Abundance and Microhabitat of Desmognathus organi (Northern Pygmy Salamander) and Desmognathus wrighti (Southern Pygmy Salamander) in North Carolina

There are currently no quantitative studies describing the habitat of Desmognathus organi (Northern Pygmy Salamander) and D. wrighti (Southern Pygmy Salamander). We investigated the relative abundance and microhabitat selection of Northern Pygmy Salamander and Southern Pygmy Salamander in 3 forest types of different elevations across the mountains of North Carolina during the summer of 2015. We conducted 2-h time-constrained searches at 4 sites in Picea rubens (Red Spruce) —Abies fraseri (Fraser Fir) forests, northern hardwood forests, and mountain cove forests for each species. We quantified microhabitat characteristics at each pygmy salamander location and at a corresponding random location 2–30 m away. We captured a total of 98 pygmy salamanders (D. organi = 41, D. wrighti = 57): 52 in spruce—fir forests, 26 in northern hardwood forests, and 20 in cove forests, and recorded 655 other salamanders representing 15 species. Relative abundance of pygmy salamanders was greater in spruce—fir forests than in cove forests, but was not significantly different between spruce—fir and northern hardwood forests. Microhabitat did not differ between Northern Pygmy Salamander and Southern Pygmy Salamander for any of the variables examined, except for soil moisture, which was greater at Northern Pygmy Salamander locations and may have been a spurious result. We observed pygmy salamanders almost exclusively beneath wood cover-objects, and size of cover objects did not differ from the size available in the surrounding environments. Total area of small-sized down woody debris (DWD) and total area of large-sized DWD were the only variables associated with the presence of pygmy salamanders, suggesting that pygmy salamanders avoid predation and interspecific competition by selecting sites that minimize encounters with larger salamanders.
Crizotinib induces apoptosis and gene expression changes in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines; brentuximab synergizes and doxorubicin antagonizes

BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) shows 60-70% event free survival with standard treatments. Targeted therapies are being tested for increased benefit and/or reduced toxicity, but interactions with standard agents are not well known. METHODS We exposed four ALCL cell lines to two targeted agents, crizotinib and brentuximab vedotin, and to two standard agents, doxorubicin and vinblastine. For each agent and combination, we measured apoptosis and expression of approximately 300 previously annotated genes of interest using targeted RNA-sequencing. An aurora kinase inhibitor, alisertib, was similarly tested for gene expression effects. RESULTS Only crizotinib, alone or in combination, showed significant effects (adjusted P < 0.05) on expression and apoptosis. One hundred and nine of 277 gene expressions showed crizotinib-associated differential expression, mostly downregulation, 62 associated with apoptosis, and 28 associated with both crizotinib and apoptosis. Doxorubicin was antagonistic with crizotinib on gene expression and apoptosis. Brentuximab was synergistic with crizotinib in apoptosis, and not antagonistic in gene expression. Vinblastine also appeared synergistic with crizotinib but did not achieve statistical significance. Alisertib did not show significant expression changes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that crizotinib induces apoptosis through orderly changes in cell signaling associated with ALK inhibition. Expression effects of crizotinib and associated apoptosis are antagonized by doxorubicin, but apoptosis is synergized by brentuximab vedotin and possibly vinblastine. These findings suggest that concurrent use of crizotinib and doxorubicin may be counterproductive, while the pairing of crizotinib with brentuximab (or vinblastine) may increase efficacy. Alisertib did not induce expression changes at cytotoxic dosage.
Sport Club Participation and Health-Related Outcomes in College Students: Comparisons by Sex and Academic Classification

Using the theory of student involvement, the purpose of this study was to compare sport club participation and health-related outcomes, as well as the association between these two variables by sex...
Affect and Emotion, Anthropology of

Attention to emotion and affect is a wide register running through the history of anthropology. Until recently, however, emotions and affect have not often been explicitly articulated as a force in themselves in theories of culture, history, and ways of life. This article traces the history of affect and emotion in anthropology and reveals emergent trajectories for future work. It situates affect and emotion historically and highlights key writings on these themes in cultural, physical, and linguistic anthropology, and in archaeology. Ultimately, it positions affect as a fruitful analytical tool for anthropology and as a generative source of cross-subfield dialogue.
Methodological Stare Decisis and Constitutional Interpretation

This chapter assesses the Supreme Court’s reluctance to give stare decisis effect to its methodologies of constitutional interpretation. While the Court claims to presumptively follow the substantive results of its prior constitutional decisions, it has never considered itself bound by the interpretive approaches (e.g., originalism, textualism, or “living constitutionalism”) used to reach those decisions. The author suggests an explanation for this somewhat mysterious state of affairs. A rule of methodological stare decisis would require the Court to employ the same interpretive method in a huge category of cases (e.g., all cases involving the Constitution), which would generate unpredictable results in many cases the Court could not reasonably anticipate, thus aggravating the drawbacks of stare decisis. At the same time, the usual benefits of stare decisis (such as predictability and stability) would not be very well served by methodological stare decisis. In contrast, the Court can reasonably follow precedent regarding constitutional “decision rules”—methods for implementing the Constitution, such as tiers of scrutiny—because those rules are relatively determinate and can be contained within narrowly defined areas of substantive doctrine.
Use of corneal thickness changes to compare the efficacy of conventional eye drops with supracutaneous treatment of dry eye.

The dry eye contact lens wearer has many problems. Disturbances in the qualitative or quantitative status of tear production can result in a decrease in both wearing comfort and visual acuity, an increase in glare, and numerous other problems.
Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking in Asia

Asia, the world’s largest and most populous continent, has a long history of opium cultivation. The two largest opium and heroin producers, Afghanistan and Myanmar, are both located on the continent. Asia is also the largest cannabis producer in the world. After decades of changes in drug use culture, Asia, specifically Southeast Asia, is now the world’s largest amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) producer. Illicit drugs produced in Asia are consumed inside the region or trafficked to other continents, which raises the significant social, political, and legal consequences for Asia and beyond. The purpose of this chapter is to briefly provide historical background and current statistics for drug production, trafficking, and consumption in Asia; to discuss the consequent responses of the criminal justice system; and to access the effectiveness of ongoing anti-drug policies in selected countries.
Effects of vasectomy and antisperm antibodies on human seminal fluid deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity.

DNA-synthesizing complexes possessing a sucrose buoyant density of 1.24 to 1.25 gm/ml were identified in cell-free human seminal fluids prior to and 1 to 3 months following division of the vasa deferentia, performed for fertility control in otherwise normal males After vasectomy, there was a 3.5-fold decrease in endogenous DNA polymerase activity per ejaculate. Partial purification of the seminal fluid DNA polymerase by gel filtration revealed a similar 3.5-fold decrease in dT 12–18 • poly (rA)-templated DNA polymerase activity postvasectomy. Immunoglobulin G, isolated from a rabbit immunized with nuclei derived from detergent-treated ejaculated human spermatozoa, inhibited both sperm- and seminal fluid-derived DNA polymerase activity. The decrease in seminal fluid enzyme activity following vasectomy might be due to its inhibition by sperm autoantibodies induced after vas division.
Empathy as a Moderator of Sexual Violence Perpetration Risk Factors among College Men.

Objective: This study examined if empathy was a significant moderator of several empirically established risk factors for sexual violence perpetration among college men. Participants: Data are from 544 college men who participated in a longitudinal study from 2008 to 2011 at a large, public university. Methods: Participants completed a self-report survey in their first through fourth years in college. A series of generalized linear models were conducted using sexual violence risk factors and empathy during the sophomore year as predictors of sexual violence perpetration frequency during junior year. Results: Empathy was found to be a significant moderator of six out of the 10 sexual violence risk factors tested, such that high levels of empathy were associated with lower sexual violence perpetration rates among high-risk males. Conclusion: Additional research, including the measurement and evaluation of empathy in implementation of college sexual violence prevention and intervention efforts, should be undertaken.
The DoD practice-based implementation (PBI) Network: estimating return on investment

AbstractThe Department of Defense (DoD) and veterans affairs (VA) built the practice-based implementation (PBI) Network in 2013 to facilitate more rapid translation of psychological health (PH) res...
Statistical Analysis of Tri-Cresyl Phosphate Conversion on an Iron Oxide Surface Using Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Parallel reactive molecular dynamics simulations were used to statistically analyze chemical reactions between tri-cresyl phosphate (TCP) and an amorphous iron oxide surface. To accurately model this system, a new parameter set for Fe/P/O interactions within the ReaxFF framework was developed. Using the new parameter set, 100 parallel simulations of a single TCP molecule on an amorphous iron oxide surface were run to capture multiple possible reactions at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 K. The frequency of TCP–surface reactions for each atom type and each unique reaction site on the TCP was analyzed across the range of temperatures. Finally, the composition of the material chemisorbed to the surface was determined and analyzed in the context of previously reported experimental measurements of TCP films in oxygen-deficient environments. The results are specifically relevant to TCP, but the parallel reactive simulation approach and statistical analysis of reaction sites can be applied more generally to...
Efficacy of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid (S/R) metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

66Background: Patients with mRCC with S/R components tend to have a poor prognosis with few therapeutic options available. Recent data suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies...