cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Recurrent Colorectal Endometriosis with Segmental Resection

Study Objective To present a unique case of the workup and management of recurrent colorectal endometriosis utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach. Design Case Report. Setting Community teaching hospital. Collaborative robotic surgical team including a minimally invasive gynecologic surgeon and colorectal surgeon utilizing the Da Vinci Xi platform. Patients or Participants 38-year-old gravida 3, para 1 with a history of deeply-infiltrating endometriosis status post excisional surgery including shave excision of a colorectal implant six months prior. She presents with recurrent rectal pain and bleeding due to confirmed recurrent colorectal endometriosis. Interventions Following a multi-disciplinary case conference, colorectal surgery performed a robotic-assisted low anterior bowel resection with primary colorectal anastomosis and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Gynecology was present to confirm all endometriosis excised and fertility was optimized for future planned frozen embryo transfer. Measurements and Main Results Complete excision of colorectal endometriosis with resolution of patient's rectal pain and bleeding. Pathology showed transmural colorectal endometriosis including a rectal lymph node involved with endometriosis. Conclusion Unusual case of recurrent colorectal endometriosis following shave excision, managed with segmental colorectal resection. Endometriosis involving a lymph node shows the disease's ability to be locally invasive however this phenomenon is not thought to lead to higher recurrence rates.
Mental Health in Schools: Engaging Learners, Preventing Problems, and Improving Schools

Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction Part I. The Field of Mental Health in Schools 1. Mental Health in Schools: Past and Present 2. About Moving Toward a Comprehensive Approach Part II. Three Major Issues Confronting the Field 3. Labeling, Screening, and Over-Pathologizing 4. Evidence-Based Practices in Schools: Concerns About Fit and Implementation 5. Social Control Versus Engagement in Learning: A Mental Health Perspective Part III. Moving Forward: School-Based Strategies for Addressing Behavior, Learning, and Emotional Problems 6. A Period of Transition and Possible Transformation 7. Strategies for Embedding Mental Health in School Improvement 8. Social and Emotional Learning and Promotion of Mental Health: Implications for Addressing Behavior Problems 9. Challenges and Opportunities for Promoting Mental Health in the Classroom 10. Mental Health Assistance for Students at School 11. Focusing on the Well-Being of School Staff Part IV. Policy and Systemic Change for Moving Forward 12. New Directions 13. Collaboration: Working Together to Move Forward and Enhance Impact 14. Show Us the Data: Using and Extending the Research Base 15. Addressing Systemic Change Call to Action: Moving Forward Appendix: Leadership at a School Site for an Enabling or Learning Supports Component References Index
Philippine Politics: Possibilities and Problems in a Localist Democracy

1. Local Regimes: An Introduction 2. Malay Foundations and Colonial Semi-Modernizations 3. Clan Feuds Localize Political Violence 4. Entrepreneurs as Politicians 5. Marcos, Failed Centralization, and Land from the Tiller 6. Law of Rule, Power of Separations 7. Populist Rituals and Elite Reformism 8. Voting, Pork, Policy, and Media 9. Corruption 10. PNoy, "Pacquiaos," and Philippine Progress
Reinventing the wheel: Effectively revamping LibGuide structure at Cunningham Memorial Library

Having created LibGuides since 2008, Indiana State University librarians’ early efforts soon lacked cohesion as additional content was added in various boxes, tabs, and subtabs. This resulted in an analogous house with odd rooms, windows and doors poking out from unusual positions. Experience has triggered ideas for improvement so when approached by teaching faculty to create LibGuides for their departments, the librarians have begun to design the LibGuides as a series of strategically planned connections. This connectivity approach moves away from simply providing information links to adding value with the informational content drawn from the librarian’s knowledge of the discipline, in partnership with the discipline’s faculty, to assure alignment with learning objectives and coursework.
Transvaginal color Doppler determination of the ovarian and uterine blood flow characteristics in polycystic ovary disease.

Objective To determine blood flow characteristics of ovarian and uterine arteries in patients with endocrinologically and clinically confirmed polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) in comparison with blood flow parameters observed in patients with spontaneous ovulatory cycles. Design Controlled clinical study. Setting Patients from Infertility Service in a tertiary care institution. Patients Forty patients with confirmed PCOD and 50 control patients in various phases of spontaneous menstrual cycles. Main Outcome Measure Using transvaginal color Doppler sonography to determine ovarian morphology, ovarian blood vessel visualization rates, and ovarian and uterine arteries blood flow parameters (resistance index, pulsatility index, and maximal peak velocity). These parameters were correlated with serum hormone levels. Results Polycystic ovaries showed typical vascular pattern: increased stromal vascularity, a positive correlation between increased blood velocities and serum LH levels, and a trend toward lower resistance index and pulsatility index values, whereas uterine arteries revealed significantly increased resistance index and pulsatility index values. Conclusions The observed specific intraovarian and uterine vascular pattern in PCOD patients may provide additional data for conventional endocrinologic and ultrasonic diagnostic methods for PCOD.
New pharmacologic approaches to acute spinal cord injury

The incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States is approximately 10,000 new cases per year. Strategies to prevent injury or salvage a few dermatomal levels may have significant effects on outcome. Several pharmacologic agents have been evaluated for their efficacy in patients with acute SCI. Methylprednisolone, when administered early, was the first drug to show significant improvement in outcome and is a standard of comparison for future agents. Several new drugs show promising results in animal models of SCI, with more extensive human trials currently under way. Results of more well-controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine which agents have significant neurologic benefits.
Western Ideology, Japanese Product Safety Regulation and International Trade

This paper proposes to deal with domestic consumer protection laws and standards regulation, which have their roots in both categories. While most trade analysts differentiate between cultural and standards barriers, we hope to demonstrate that culture and social custom are not nicely distinguishable from law. Design standards, testing and certification requirements, positive substance lists and other recognized non-tariff barriers are as much a reflection of culture as are buyer-supplier customary norms and consumer preferences for goods produced in Japan. Although many product standards are explicitly set by government, either directly or through subsidiary administrative agencies, this paper will illustrate that it will be a far more intractable process to adapt these standards to meet the demands of Japan's Western trading partners than it was to modify existing tariff and quota structures. These non-tariff barriers are deeply rooted in the Japanese culture and psyche, are not obviously motivated by protectionist objects, are often unarticulated and non-specific in their effect, and are not subject to reform through traditional international trade liberalization agreements.In this paper the substantive and procedural aspects of products liability law and the standards systems in place in Japan will be outlined in order to show how they differ from the analogous products liability regime and standards systems in Canada. Although foreign manufacturers frequently avoid insurance, product design, and litigation costs related to products liabiity risks, Canadian manufacturers exporting to Japan must comply with a wide range of standards and certification regulations. We conclude that product safety regulation in Japan, manifested both in product standards and in products liability law, is a reflection of Japanese history, culture, religion, and structural and institutional constraints on litigation, and that it is unrealistic, if not arrogant, for the West to dismiss summarily these standards as being merely protectionist barriers, or to demand their modification in accordance with our regulatory philosophies.
Propagation models for nanocommunication networks

Nanotechnology is enabling the development of devices in a scale ranging from one to a few hundred nanometers. Communication among these nano-devices will expand the capabilities and applications of individual devices both in terms of complexity and range of operation, enabling new applications of nanotechnology in the medical, environmental and military fields as well as in consumer and industrial goods. Despite major progress in the design and manufacturing of these devices has been accomplished to date, it is still not clear how they are going to communicate. Two main alternatives for communication among nano-devices have been envisioned, namely, molecular communication, i.e., the transmission of information encoded in molecules, and nano-electromagnetic communication, which is defined as the transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation from nanoscale components based on novel nanomate-rials. In this paper, propagation models for both communication paradigms are discussed, emphasizing the challenges in nanocom-munication networks.
Exploratory Study of Scientific Visualization Techniques for Program Visualization

This paper presents a unique point-of-view for program visualization, namely, the use of scientific visualization techniques for program visualization. This paper is exploratory in nature. Its primary contribution is to re-examine program visualization from a scientific visualization point-of-view. This paper reveals that specific visualization techniques such as animation, isolines, program slicing, dimensional reduction, glyphs and color maps may be considered for program visualization. In addition, some features of AVS/Express that may be used for program visualization are discussed. Lastly, comments regarding emotional color spaces are made.
Poster abstract: Multihop routing in camera sensor networks - An experimental study

While the traditional wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of low-bandwidth sensors with limited capabilities, e.g., acoustic, vibration, and infrared sensors, camera sensor networks can provide visual verification, in-depth situational awareness, recognition, and other capabilities ([1], and references therein).
"Contradictions, Clashes, Cominglings": The Syncretic Literacy Projects of Young Bilinguals

This article explores the concept of syncretism, its history, related concepts, and potential as a research tool. It proposes a critical syncretism for analyzing the syncretic literacy projects of three young Puerto Rican bilinguals with attention to their agency and creativity drawing on diverse languages and literacies and transforming them at home with family members' support. The projects are also analyzed within the sociohistorical contexts of the families. Challenges for research and education are discussed.
Quality evaluation of noodles prepared from blending of broken rice and wheat flour

The effect of blending wheat flour (WF) on broken rice flour (BRF) at various levels (0, 20 40, 60, 80 and 100 g/100 g) were assessed for their suitability in noodles making. Physicochemical and functional properties of prepared noodles from these blends were studied. The proximate composition of uncooked noodle samples varied significantly (p < 0.05). Water absorption and soluble loss of uncooked noodles ranged from 2.79 to 4.86 g/g and 0.167 to 0.467 g/g, respectively. The cooking parameters differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the noodle samples. The cooking time value ranged from 6.20 to 11.23 min and was high in noodle made from WF alone and low in pure rice flour noodles. Cooked weight, percent rehydration and cooking loss values ranged from 2.92 to 3.82 g/g, 170 to 282% and 0.09 to 0.62 g/g, respectively. The overall acceptability of native WF noodles (BRF:WF 00:100) were rated superior for their sensory characteristics. Among the blended flour noodles, BRF:WF (20:80) showed higher score for appearance and texture but lower score for aroma, still had a higher acceptance than the rest of the sample. Noodles with acceptable quality characteristics were made from BRF with the incorporation of WF at various levels.
Partial discharge propagation model and location estimate

This paper describes a partial discharge propagation model and a location estimate which uses digital signal processing techniques. The model and the estimate are developed for an instrument which is capable of locating partial discharge sites in power cables non-destructively and in situ. Since the model utilizes actual cable response to partial discharge signals, it provides an excellent waveform match between simulations and measurements. The estimator can locate partial discharge sites in noisy environments with an error not exceeding 2 m. Applications of this model to field test data are also discussed. >
On the Nature of Nonframework Cations in a Zeolitic deNOxCatalyst

Abstract The location of extra-framework Cu 2+ cations in the dehydrated copper ion exchanged zeolite, ferrierite, has been determined from the analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data (Cu 0.023 (Al 0.065 Si 0.935 )O 2 ; space group Immm, a =18.8101(2) A, b =14.0930(2) A, c =7.44527(7) A, V =1973.67(6) A 3 , Z =36, R wp =9.89%, χ 2 =1.12). One copper site was found towards the side of the 8-ring window at the intersection of the 10- and 8-ring channels. An electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic study indicates the presence of one Cu 2+ species in the hydrated sample, which forms two Cu 2+ species upon evacuation to 200°C, only one of which remains after evacuation to 360°C. This remaining Cu 2+ species has nonaxial symmetry. The low coordination, but high accessibility, of the cation site provides a possible explanation for the high activity of ferrierite and its related pentasil family members for nitrogen oxide decomposition.
Negative Affinity X-Ray Photocathodes

True image-forming telescopes for use in X-ray astronomy are available now with arc-second resolution for A ?3A. Such telescopes have been very successfully applied on rockets and on the recent Skylab mission for solar observations. However, their application to observations of extra-solar X-ray sources has been severely limited due to a lack of sensitive X-ray imaging detectors. We describe here a new type of detector using a GaAs photocathode with quantum efficiency approaching 100%. This detector allows us to detect sources 10 to 20 times fainter than previously possible, while preserving spatial resolution on the several micron scale. We present data on the X-ray photoelectron yield for GaAs (Cs-O2) negative affinity cathodes both in reflection mode using a thick cathode and in the transmission mode using a 3.7 micron wafer. A theoretical model is developed and compared with the data to determine the electron diffusion length, the front surface electron reflection coefficient and the back surface electron escape probability for the transmission cathode. There is good agreement between the crystal parameters obtained from X-ray data and from optical data. Application to X-ray telescope imaging in a practical device is discussed.
Activating Transcription Factor 3 Immunoreactivity Identifies Small Populations of Axotomized Neurons in Rat Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia After Transection of the Preganglionic Cervical Sympathetic Trunk

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been proposed as a marker for injured neurons. Thus, while undetectable normally in sensory, motor, or sympathetic neurons, ATF3-like immunoreactivity (ATF3-IR) is readily detectable in such cells after axotomy. Here we examined ATF3-IR in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and the middle and inferior cervical ganglia (MICG) after transection of the predominantly preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk (CST). The purpose of the study was to determine whether neurons in the SCG would exhibit ATF3-IR after decentralization and, if they did not, whether the induction of ATF3-IR was sensitive enough to identify the small numbers of neurons in the SCG and MICG that project their axons into the CST. Following transection of the CST, the majority of deafferented neurons in the SCG showed no ATF3-IR; however, a small group of neurons in both the SCG and MICG were labeled, and the location of the labeled neurons within these ganglia corresponded to that of neurons axotomized by this procedure. Furthermore, the ATF3-positive neurons in the MICG could be retrogradely labeled from the transected CST. In addition, a large number of smaller cells were labeled in the SCG, though not in the MICG, and some of these cells were double labeled with an antiserum to the glial protein S-100. These data indicate that, after transection of the CST, neuronal labeling in the SCG and MICG is restricted to axotomized neurons but that in addition there is extensive labeling of glial cells associated with anterograde degeneration within the SCG.
Synthesis of ferroelectric thin films via metallo- organic decomposition

Abstract Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 films have been deposited on platinum and silicon substrates via spin casting metallo-organic compounds and annealing in a conventional oven to 600°C. This method, called metallo-organic deposition, produces BaTiO 3 films with the tetragonal structure and provides for excellent control of film stoichiometry as determined by X-ray and Auger analysis. Variable thicknesses (0.1–5 μm) were achieved by spin casting multiple layers of the films. The films on both platinum and silicon were uniform and showed no cracks by scanning electron microscopy. The films show ferroelectric behavior as evidenced by a polarization vs. electric field hyeteresis and a peak in the dielectric permittivity around 120°C.
Inference of the Lateral Heterogeneity of the Earth from the Eigenfrequency Spectrum: a Linear Inverse Problem

Summary We consider the problem of inferring information about the lateral heterogeneity of the Earth's physical properties given certain measurements of the eigenfrequency splitting of the elastic-gravitational normal mode multiplets. We show that this problem can be formulated as a series of exactly linear inverse problems; the data which are relevant to at least the first two of these linear inversions can be measured without having to resolve fully the normal mode multiplets.
Inez Beverly Prosser and the education of African Americans

Inez Beverly Prosser (ca. 1895-1934) was arguably the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology. Her dissertation, completed in 1933, examined personality differences in black children attending either voluntarily segregated or integrated schools and concluded that black children were better served in segregated schools. This research was one of several studies in the 1920s and 1930s that was part of the debate on segregated schools as maintained in the United States under the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). This article examines the life and career of Prosser in the context of educational barriers and opportunities for African Americans in the early part of the twentieth century and explores the arguments that pitted African Americans against one another in determining how best to educate black children, arguments that eventually led to the desegregation decision of Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
Sample Analogs to Multidimensional Coverages with Applications to Prediction

Abstract Let X 1, …, Xn and Y 1, …, Ym be two independent random samples of a multidimensional random variable X with distribution function F(x). Let B 1, …, B n + 1 be statistically equivalent blocks constructed from X 1, …, Xn . Let Umi (i = 1, …, n + 1) be the proportion of Yj 's that lie in Bi . The Umi 's are the sample analogs of the multidimensional coverages Ui = ∫ Bi dF. Small and large sample properties of the sample coverages are studied and found to be similar to those of their population counterparts. The sample coverages are used to construct prediction regions for future observations.
Relation between sexual practices and T-cell subsets in homosexually active men.

Abstract 27% of 89 young, non-ill, homosexually active men in Los Angeles had a Leu-3(OKT4)/Leu-2(OKT8) ratio≤0·8. The low ratio was due to a significantly raised mean number of Leu-2 cells, whereas individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome had a decrease in both Leu-3 and Leu-2 cells. The term "acquired immune augmentation" may be appropriate for those with a low ratio due to raised numbers of Leu-2 cells. Those practising passive (receptive) anal intercourse had a significantly higher mean number of Leu-2 cells than did those practising only active (insertive) anal intercourse or no anal intercourse. The results of this study suggest that two distinct conditions occur in homosexually active men. Whether acquired immune augmentation is a precursor of the rarer acquired immune deficiency syndrome or is an unrelated disorder needs to be determined. In this study passive anal intercourse was associated with acquired immune augmentation.
High-Frequency Asymptotic Solution for the Electromagnetic Scattering From a Small Groove Around a Conical or Cylindrical Surface

The electromagnetic scattering from a small circumferential groove around an electrically large conical surface is found in closed form using the method of stationary phase. The fields at every point along the groove are found from the two-dimensional analytic solution for the TE and TM scattering from a small rectangular cavity in a ground plane, defining an equivalent groove current radiating in the presence of the curved surface. The stationary phase evaluation of the three-dimensional radiation integral reduces the solution to two scattering points along the groove on opposite sides of the cone, one of which may be in the shadow region depending on the incidence angle. The asymptotic cone solution extends trivially to the cylinder solution, and is validated with numerical data for a finite cone with a circumferential groove.
In Situ Evaluation of Diffusion Mechanisms in Thin Polystyrene Films Used as Integrated Optical Structures

The use of optical waveguide techniques allows the in situ, nondestructive examination of diffusion in thin films. Through the eigenvalue equation, the changes in thickness and refractive index, corresponding to changes in the composition of the film, can be monitored. By assuming a Case-II-like sharp diffusion front, one can model the system as a two-layer film, whose individual layer thicknesses can be determined by the analysis of the observed eigenmodes. This model is used to judge the appropriateness of the Case II description for a given set of conditions. Thin films (on the order of 1-7 μ in thickness) of polystyrene were exposed to n-hexane, methylcyclopentane, and a mixture of the two. The analysis of the observed eigenmodes indicates that n-hexane diffuses into polystyrene via a Case II mechanism, but a Fickian leading edge of the diffusion front can also be observed. In general, this approach provides a simple technique to distinguish between Fickian and Case II diffusion in planar polymer films in the micron thickness regime.
The Politics of Social Regulatory Policy: State and Federal Hate Crime Policy and Implementation Effort:

Research suggests there has been a rise in the number of hate crimes since 1985. At the same time, legislatures at the local, state, and national level have enacted policies that both track and regulate hate crime. This article is an effort to determine the factors influencing hate crime policy and implementation efforts. The project is divided into three sections: In the first section, the characteristics and extent of hate crime are discussed. Section two describes hate crime policy as social regulatory policy and uses this theoretical framework to explain state variation in laws con cerning hate crimes. In section three, I present a model of policy imple mentation to predict state implementation efforts of federal hate crime policy Based on the variables suggested by these theoretical frameworks, I present hypotheses and conduct a multiple regression analysis using a fifty-state data set. The results indicate hate crime policies and imple mentation efforts are largely attempts by politicians to satisfy...
Cadmium Reactivity in Metal-Contaminated Soils Using a Coupled Stable Isotope Dilution-Sequential Extraction Procedure

To better understand the intrinsic reactivity of Cd, four soils having diverse sources of Cd contamination (total Cd: 22-34 mg kg(-1)) were investigated using a stable isotope dilution-sequential extraction procedure (SID-SEP) during a 59-week incubation. Samples were spiked with carrier-free 111Cd and periodically extracted into five operationally defined fractions; the 111Cd:10Cd ratios were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The total labile pool of Cd (E value) was calculated as well as the labile Cd within each extracted fraction. Results for three of the soils (Cd sources: natural, sewage sludge, smelter emissions) were quite similar. The overall %E after 2-week equilibration was 35-49% of total soil Cd. Within fraction 2 (sorbed/carbonate), 70-75% of the Cd was isotopically labile, while within fraction 3 (oxidizable) only 35-41% of the Cd was labile within 2 weeks. The fourth (reducible) and fifth (residual) fractions were dominated by nonlabile Cd. Although all E values increased somewhat from 2 to 59 weeks, none of the extracted fractions reached isotopic equilibrium with the soluble/exchangeable Cd extracted during step 1. Because fractions 2 and 3 dominated the native Cd in all three soils, the total labile pool was contributed primarily (85-98%) by these two fractions. A fourth soil (mine spoil-contaminated) was demonstrably different: after 2 weeks, the overall %E was just 13 and, although 82% of the total Cd was present in the oxidizable fraction, just 2% of that was isotopically labile. The nonlability of Cd in this soil could be ascribed to the predominance of inorganic forms, most likely occluded Cd in sphalerite. No single Cd fraction from the SEP nor any combination of fractions showed a good correspondence with the size of the isotopically labile pool. Our results suggest that conventional SEPs may be of limited utility for predicting bioavailability, for example, during ecological risk assessment.
Forecasting the ‘Futures' of the Evolving Police Operation: A Theoretical Note

The 50-year change interval for the police operation is in progress. Taking a macro-historical view and thinking by analogy, this writer foresees that the futures of the problem will be influenced by the revolution currently taking place in management and technology. Employing theories from futures studies, the scientific inquiry that is interdisciplinary in nature, the holistic forecast of its outlooks in action becomes attainable.
Interpretation of the Correlations between Sets of Scale Values for Stimuli Which Have Been Rated for More than a Single Attribute

A partial solution is suggested to the problem of determining whether high positive correlations between sets of scale values for different attributes of a set of stimuli represent the actual situation or a failure on the part of independent panels of judges to rate the attributes differentially.
Bioavailability of Digestible Lysine in Heat-Damaged Soybean Meal for Chick Growth

Abstract Previous experiments indicated that true digestible Lys values for soybean and cottonseed meals obtained with the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay were accurate estimators of Lys bioavailability for chick growth. This study was conducted to determine whether the digestible Lys in overheated soybean meal (SBM) was totally bioavailable for protein synthesis. Soybean meal alone or mixed with dextrose (SBM: dextrose ratio = 3:1) was autoclaved at 114 C and 97 kPa for 0 to 60 min. True digestibility of Lys in SBM was determined using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Bioavailability was then assessed by chick growth assay using purified crystalline amino acid diets deficient in Lys that were supplemented with varying levels of crystalline L-Lys·Cl or a SBM. Multiple regression slope-ratio methodology indicated that the digestible Lys in unautoclaved SBM was 100% bioavailable. For SBM autoclaved for 40 or 60 min and SBM-dextrose autoclaved for 20 min, bioavailability of digestible Lys based on weight gain or carcass Lys gain was 81 to 87% and significantly less (P 0.05) from 100%. Bioavailability values for digestible Lys in SBM:dextrose autoclaved for 30 min ranged from 55 to 73% for all performance criteria. Partitioning the response criteria, so that only the response to the supplemental Lys source (not the basal diet) was being evaluated, increased the bioavailability values for all treatments except SBM: dextrose autoclaved for 30 min. The results of this study indicated that digestible Lys in severely heat-damaged SBM measured by the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay was not totally bioavailable for protein synthesis.
The snake lemma in an abelian category with enough projectives (Injectives)

The Snake Lemma, fundamental in producing long exact sequences in homology or cohomology theories based on an abelian category, is shown to have a proof formally identical to the familiar one involving abelian groups when the category either has enough projectives or enough injectives.
Wood as a linear orthotropic viscoelastic material

Measurements were made of the principal components of the creep compliance tensor in the radial-longitudinal and the tangential-longitudinal planes of Douglas-fir at 10 percent moisture content. Extensional creep compliance measurements at angles to the grain were also made. The results show that creep parallel to grain occurs at an increase in volume, and that creep at angles to the grain can be predicted from standard transformation equations. It is concluded that wood can be regarded as a linear orthotropic viscoelastic material.
Using the cloze procedure to assess program reading comprehension

This paper discusses the feasibility of using cloze procedure to assess program reading comprehension. Two Pascal programs were prepared as cloze tests and administered to introductory computer science students. Scores on the cloze tests were found to be positively related to other measures of program reading comprehension. A number of procedural and methodological issues are raised, but, overall, the results indicate that the cloze procedure can be used to assess program reading comprehension and, perhaps, program complexity as well.
The influence of fixation on the carbohydrate cytochemistry of rat salivary gland secretory granules.

A series of studies was performed to assess the optimum fixation conditions for staining of carbohydrate-containing constituents of rat salivary gland secretory granules. In the parotid and submandibular salivary glands of the rat, the reactivity of secretory granules, at both the light and electron microscopic level, with routine stains and with cytochemical reagents was highly dependent upon the nature of the fixative employed. At the light microscopic level, secretory granules in rat parotid gland were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive if fixed with buffered formalin fixatives. However, if the gland was fixed with lipid-solvent-containing fixatives, or with formalin at a very acid pH (as in Bouin's fixative), the PAS reactivity of the granules was lost. In the submandibular gland of rats, the acinar cells and granular tubules behaved similarly after such fixation in terms of their PAS reactivity, particularly in males; acinar cells of the female submandibular gland stained only lightly with PAS. At the fine structural level, the morphology of secretory granule constituents depended on the buffer used (cacodylate, phosphate or collidine) and on whether or not tissue was post-osmicated. Post-osmication considerably reduced the reaction of secretory granule components with stains for carbohydrates. The experimental evidence indicated that the carbohydrate-containing components of both parotid and submandibular gland secretory granules were not typical long-chain neutral or acidic mucins, but were rather glycolipids or lipophilic glycoproteins that were solubilized by lipid solvents or at acidic pH and were lost or destroyed in the presence of strong oxidants.
Floodplain dynamics included in river model

[1] Surface water flow is important to the climate system and to water resources management. Floodplain inundation dynamics is a key part of surface water flow, but most current river routing models do not include realistic representation of floodplain dynamics. A new global river routing model created by Yamazaki et al. does include these dynamics. The researchers tested the model by comparing results of their model simulation with in situ and satellite observations and found that the model improved simulation of river discharge in most of the world's major river basins. (Water Resources Research, doi:10.1029/2010WR009726, 2011)
Assessment and Planning Using Portfolio Analysis.

AbstractPortfolio analysis is a simple yet powerful management tool. Programs and activities are placed on a grid with mission along one axis and financial return on the other. The four boxes of the grid (low mission, low return; high mission, low return; high return, low mission; high return, high mission) help managers identify which programs might be eliminated and which might be nurtured and expanded. The tool also offers insights into how the entire portfolio should be managed.
Knowledge management-enabled health care management systems: capabilities, infrastructure, and decision-support

Abstract The health care industry is increasingly becoming a knowledge-based community that is connected to hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and customers for sharing knowledge, reducing administrative costs and improving the quality of care. Thus, the success of health care depends critically on the collection, analysis and seamless exchange of clinical, billing, and utilization information or knowledge within and across the above organizational boundaries. This research envisions a knowledge management-enabled health care management system that would help integrate clinical, administrative, and financial processes in health care through a common technical architecture; and provides a decision support infrastructure for clinical and administrative decision-making. Hence, the objective of this research is to present and describe the knowledge management capabilities, the technical infrastructure, and the decision support architecture for such a health care management system. The research findings would immensely help the health care information technology (IT) managers and knowledge based system developers to identify their IT needs and to plan for and develop the technical infrastructure of the health care management system for their organizations.
Class-first analysis in a continuum: an approach to the complexities of schools, society, and insurgent science

This essay addresses Katherine Richardson Bruna’s paper: Mexican Immigrant Transnational Social Capital and Class Transformation: Examining the Role of Peer Mediation in Insurgent Science, through five main points. First, I offer a comparison between the traditional analysis of classism in Latin America and Richardson Bruna’s call for a class-first analysis in the North American social sciences where there has been a tendency to obviate the specific examination of class relations and class issues. Secondly, I discuss that a class-first analysis solely cannot suffice to depict the complex dimensions in the relations of schools and society. Thus, I suggest a continuum in the class-first analysis. Third, I argue that social constructions surrounding issues of language, ethnicity, and gender necessarily intersect with issues of class and that, in fact, those other constructions offer compatible epistemologies that aid in representing the complexity of social and institutional practices in the capitalist society. Richardson Bruna’s analysis of Augusto’s interactions with his teacher and peers in the science class provides a fourth point of discussion in this essay. As a final point in my response I discuss Richardson Bruna’s idea of making accessible class-first analysis knowledge to educators and especially to science teachers.
the culture of carving and the carving of culture: content and context in artisan status among the Ashanti

Materialist and symbolic explanations of cultural institutions are weighed in an effort to determine which best explains the unusual status of master wood-carvers in Ashanti. Technical skills and unique privileges mark the carver's position within the social order in a manner resembling the Western concept of professionalism. From an economic standpoint, these mechanisms limit competition and allow carvers to exploit existing markets with maximum efficiency. Yet such explanations fail to elucidate why certain peculiar features of this status assume the particular forms they do. The answer lies in “thick” description and analysis of the status's larger socioideational context—specifically in the analogous structural and symbolic qualities which carvers share with Ashanti noblewomen in their relationship with important chiefs. [symbolism, ideology, social organization, economics, ritual, art]
Fabrication and evaluation of hybrid silica/polymer optical fiber sensors for large strain measurement

Silica-based optical fiber sensors are widely used in structural health monitoring systems for strain and deflection measurement. One drawback of silica-based optical fiber sensors is their low strain toughness. In general, silica-based optical fiber sensors can only reliably measure strains up to 2%. Recently, polymer optical fiber sensors have been employed to measure large strain and deflection. Due to their high optical losses, the length of the polymer optical fibers is limited to 100 meters. In this paper, we present a novel economical technique to fabricate hybrid silica/polymer optical fiber strain sensors for large strain measurement. First, stress analysis of a surface-mounted optical fiber sensor is performed to understand the load distribution between the host structure and the optical fiber in relation to their mechanical properties. Next, the procedure of fabricating a polymer sensing element between two optical fibers is explained. The experimental set-up and the components used in the fabrication process are described in details. Mechanical testing results of the fabricated silica/polymer optical fiber strain sensor are presented.
Differentiation of Recurrent Brain Tumor versus Radiation Injury Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Patients with New Contrast Enhancing Lesions

Abstract Background and Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the evaluation of new contrast-enhancing lesions and perilesional edema in patients previously treated for brain neoplasm in the differentiation of recurrent neoplasm from treatment-related injury. Methods Twenty-eight patients with new contrast-enhancing lesions and perilesional edema at the site of previously treated brain neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed. Nine directional echoplanar DTIs with b=1000 s/mm2 were obtained using a single-shot spin-echo echoplanar imaging. Standardized regions of interest were manually drawn in several regions. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) and eigenvalue indices (λ∥ and λ⊥) and their ratios relative to the contralateral side were compared in patients with recurrent neoplasm versus patients with radiation injury, as established by histological examination or by clinical course, including long-term imaging studies and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results The ADC values in the contrast-enhancing lesions were significantly higher (P=.01) for the recurrence group (range=1.01×10−3 to 1.66×10−3 mm2/s; mean±S.D.=1.27±0.15) than for the nonrecurrence group (range=0.9×10−3 to 1.31×10−3 mm2/s; mean±S.D.=1.12±0.14). The ADC ratios in the white matter tracts in perilesional edema trended higher (P=.09) in treatment-related injury than in recurrent neoplasm (mean±S.D.=1.85±0.30 vs. 1.60±0.27, respectively). FA ratios were significantly higher in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) tracts adjacent to the edema in the nonrecurrence group (mean±S.D.=0.89±0.15) than in those in the recurrence group (mean±S.D.=0.74±0.14; P=.03). Both eigenvalue indices λ∥ and λ⊥ were significantly higher in contrast-enhancing lesions in the recurrence group than in those in the nonrecurrence group (P=.02). As well, both eigenvalue indices λ∥ and λ⊥ were significantly higher in perilesional edema than in normal white matter (P Conclusion The assessment of diffusion properties, especially ADC values and ADC ratios, in contrast-enhancing lesions, perilesional edema and NAWM adjacent to the edema in the follow-up of new contrast-enhancing lesions at the site of previously treated brain neoplasms may add to the information obtained by other imaging techniques in the differentiation of radiation injury from tumor recurrence.
Glycosaminoglycans of tegumental fractions of Hymenolepis diminuta.

The teguments of 6 and 10 day-old Hymenolepis diminuta were removed with Triton X-100 and separated into brush border and vesicular fractions by differential centrifugation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) isolated from these tissues and from the denuded carcass were treated with specific GAG-degrading enzymes and other chemical agents and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide, agarose gel and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Both 6 and 10 day-old worm carcases contained chondroitin sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. The 10 day-old worm brush border and vesicle fractions contained chondroitin sulfate but no heparin-like material. Colorimetric analysis showed that the carcasses of both 6 and 10 day-old worms contained uronic acid. About 98% of the detectable uronic acid of 10 day-old worms was found in the carcass, and only 2% in the brush border fraction. No uronic acid was detected in the other tegumental fractions.
Photovoltaic/Thermoelectric refrigerator for medicine storage for developing countries

Abstract Small refrigerators for medicine storage are needed for remote parts of the world where electric power is not readily available. The thermoelectrically cooled refrigerator which operates on direct current is ideally suited for matching with an array of photovoltaic cells, and an 18 V d.c. lead-acid or advanced battery power system. In this paper, a design for a collapsible, portable, Photovoltaic/Thermoelectric refrigerator is presented. The unit must be very rugged and operable by unskilled persons. The components of the system are commerically available. The paper includes estimates of the costs of the system.
Local fault-tolerant quantum computation

We analyze and study the effects of locality on the fault-tolerance threshold for quantum computation. We analytically estimate how the threshold will depend on a scale parameter $r$ which characterizes the scale-up in the size of the circuit due to encoding. We carry out a detailed seminumerical threshold analysis for concatenated coding using the seven-qubit CSS code in the local and the `nonlocal' setting. First, we find that the threshold in the local model for the ⟦7,1,3⟧ code has a $1∕r$ dependence, which is in correspondence with our analytical estimate. Second, the threshold, beyond the $1∕r$ dependence, does not depend too strongly on the noise levels for transporting qubits. Beyond these results, we find that it is important to look at more than one level of concatenation in order to estimate the threshold and that it may be beneficial in certain places, like in the transportation of qubits, to do error correction only infrequently.
Associational ties in academe: Some male and female differences

Although a growing body of empirical research has examined discriminatory policies and psychological barriers to ascent for women, it has virtually ignored structural barriers. Noticeably absent are data regarding the social organization of collegial ties. An analysis of the collegial-friend relationships among academicians in this study indicates that female professors, especially unmarried, have fewer males in their collegial-friend networks than men. Whether by choice or exclusion, it is suggested that isolation from these informal collegial contacts leaves women at a professional disadvantage.
Simultaneous and high-throughput quantitation of urinary tetranor PGDM and tetranor PGEM by online SPE-LC–MS/MS as inflammatory biomarkers

Quantitation of urinary tetranor PGDM or tetranor PGEM (tPGDM and tPGEM) in the past was performed separately using off-line SPE LC-MS/MS methods. The manual SPE procedure is generally time-consuming and cost-ineffective. In addition, simultaneous quantitation of tPGDM and tPGEM is favorable yet very challenging because of the similar chemical structures and identical MRM transitions. This work describes the development and validation of a high-throughput online SPE-LC-MS/MS method, allowing simultaneous and high-throughput measurement of tPGDM and tPGEM in human urine. The reportable range of the assay was 0.2-40 ng/ml for tPGDM and 0.5-100 ng/ml for tPGEM. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy determined using quality control samples were all within acceptable ranges (% CV and % Bias < 15%). Tetranor PGDM was stable under all tested conditions while tPGEM was stable at 4 °C and after three F/T cycles but not stable at room temperature for 24 h (recovery below 80%). The assay was applied to measure urinary tPGDM and tPGEM among healthy volunteers, smokers and COPD patients. Significantly higher urinary levels of both tPGDM and tPGEM were observed in COPD patients than those of non-smoking healthy volunteers. These results demonstrated that the high-throughput online SPE-LC-MS/MS assay provides sensitive, reproducible and accurate measurement of urinary tPGDM and tPGEM as biomarkers for assessing inflammatory diseases such as COPD.
A new populism? The case of Patrick Buchanan

Abstract Many observers of contemporary society hold that the traditional categories of right and left are breaking down or changing. In the 1996 campaign for the Republican Presidential nomination in the United States, Patrick Buchanan achieved some success by combining social conservatism with criticism of business. This combination could be expected to be particularly attractive to the working classes, so that Buchanan's campaign might signal the beginning of an ideological and class realignment. This paper uses national survey data to examine the social and ideological bases of Buchanan's support, and finds that: (1) support for Buchanan declined steadily with education, but not with income (2) Buchanan's supporters did not report particularly high levels of economic hardship and were conservative on economic issues. Thus, there were no signs of a dramatic departure from traditional alignments.