cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The USU Mild/Moderate Distance Degree and Licensure Program: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going

Providing access to quality special education teacher training programs for all qualified applicants is particularly pertinent in light of the national shortage of special education teachers. In ad...
Status of Water Resource Systems Analysis

Although substantial progress has been made in simulating the physical operation of water resource systems, challenging problems still remain. These consist of multi-objective evaluations of physical output and application of operations research techniques. The application of stochastic theory to water resource systems analysis also remains a challenge, although great progress has been made in recent years. The development of an optimum plan of water resources management will require the integration of objectives such as economic efficiency, environmental protection, ecological management, and social well-being. Application of operations research techniques, such as linear or dynamic programming, has been impeded by the extreme complexity of water resource systems. Nonlinearities and interrelationships that change with time and location make optimization particularly difficult. The most promising approach appears to be the internal analysis of systems that would lead to logical deduction of system outputs from system inputs.
Unique Infective Complication after Routine Vasectomy: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Introduction We present a case of a 51‐year‐old gentleman who, after undergoing routine vasectomy, presented with an infected wound 7 days after the procedure—one day after receiving oral sex from his wife. Aim We hope to present a unique case of an infected wound after oral sex. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) was cultured from the patient's wound and the asymptomatic wife's pharyngeal mucosa. Main Outcome Measures To educate and expose a rare but potentially devastating postvasectomy complication that, without prompt and aggressive treatment, can lead to significant morbidity. Methods The patient was promptly treated and after hydration, broad spectrum antibiotics, and supportive care, patient showed excellent recovery. The wife was also treated with oral antibiotics. Results Infective complicated are relatively uncommon after routine vasectomy. When present, the vast majority of the infections are treated with a simple course of oral antibiotics. There is strong evidence that establishes oral contact as a vector for transmission of virulent pathogens. Some have linked orogenital transmission of GAS since the 1970s. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of oropharyngeal transmission of GAS that led to rapidly progressive infection of the scrotum following vasectomy. Care should be taken to minimize exposure during postoperative healing. Ramaswamy K and Kaminetsky J. Unique infective complication after routine vasectomy: A case report. J Sex Med 2011;8:2655–2658.
Abstract 16854: End-Stage Renal Disease Associated With Metabolic Syndrome: A Study of Biomarkers Relevant to Cardiovascular Risk

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors which contribute to myocardial infarction and stroke in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Several metabolic biomarkers have been identified and their circulating levels provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of MS/ESRD. The purpose of this investigation is to profile biomarkers of MS in ESRD patients. Materials and Methods: Plasma samples from 87 patients with ESRD undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and 50 normals were collected prior to a routine session. These samples were profiled for metabolic biomarkers using protein chip bioarray technology. The protein chip array was comprised of several biomarkers of MS. All results were compiled in terms of group means +/- 1 SD (SEM) and statistically analyzed. Results: In comparison to the normal samples, the ESRD group showed marked increase in circulating levels of all biomarkers. TNFa (47.4 +/- 18.3 vs 4.1 +/- 1.1 ng/mL) and IL-6 (7.8 +/- 9.1 vs 0.8 +...
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with fluorosis.

The efficacy of fluoride in the community drinking water for the prevention of dental caries has been well established. The average daily intake of fluids in normal children varies with age, sex, temperature and season. Children with polydipsia as in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus consume excessive quantities of water. We are reporting two children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and fluorosis, and suggest looking for evidence of fluoride toxicity in individuals with polydipsia. Substituting nonfluoridated water as part of the fluid intake is recommended.
Launches and the environment - Lessons learned

An evaluation is presented of the consequences of NASA's study of the ways in which the launch of a Space Shuttle generates a plume of HCl and Al2O3; in combination with water from the Shuttle's sound-suppressor cooling water system, these substances can create a corrosive and hard-to-remove Al2O3 coating on nearby surfaces. Attention is given to the site-specific character of such environmental complications, the need to involve environmental-risk specialists in hardware-development teams, and the nonlinearity of many environmental impacts.
An Experimental Test of the Lucas Asset Pricing Model

We use laboratory experiments to test a consumption-based general equilibrium model of asset pricing, which posits that agents buy and sell assets for the purpose of intertemporally smoothing consumption. Such asset pricing models are widely used by macroeconomists and finance researchers but have not yet been subjected to experimental testing. In the experiments we induced several features which, according to the theory, determine asset prices, such as risk and time preferences and the process for income and dividend payments. Our analysis indicates that intertemporal consumption-smoothing strongly inhibits the formation and magnitude of asset price bubbles, a stark departure from most recent asset pricing experiments. In fact, when subjects are motivated to smooth consumption, assets trade at a discount relative to their expected value and markets are thick; when this condition is eliminated in an otherwise identical economy, assets trade at a premium in thin markets.
Paediatric yellow flags and early identification of psychosocial factors in paediatric patients with unexplained musculoskeletal disorders

Background: Children presenting with medically unexplained musculoskeletal complaints are often referred for physiotherapy. This study aimed to retrospectively identify the demographic details of patients referred to physiotherapy with no organic pathology and secondly, to use paediatric yellow flags to identify psychosocial factors documented during the assessment of these patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients with disorders of non-organic origin (n=23) seen in one year at the physiotherapy department of Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin (OLCHC), was undertaken. Data was collected from physiotherapy records and analysed. Psychosocial factors were identified from the documentation using paediatric yellow flags Results: The majority (73.9%) of patients that presented were female. Patients had an age range of 9-16 years and a mean presenting age of 11.9 years. All patients had at least three paediatric yellow flags documented in their notes. Conclusions: The use of Paediatric yellow flags may facilitate early identification of psychosocial factors in this patient group by physiotherapists. This has potential to help facilitate appropriate multidisciplinary intervention
Problems and pitfalls in animal experiments designed to establish dietary requirements for essential nutrients.

Problems are encountered in nutrition research designed to establish nutrient requirements. A nutrient requirement must be defined in terms of a specific criterion of response for animals of a given age, weight, sex and body composition. The experimental diet employed must be carefully defined in terms of protein source and level, energy source and level and a multitude of biological availability factors, both negative (e.g., phytate and fiber) and positive (e.g., anabolic bioactivity). Also precursor materials may contribute nutrient bioactivity to the diet. Having considered these factors, the data obtained must be subjected to appropriate statistical methods that will allow objective rather than subjective estimation of the maxima or minima being sought (i.e., the "requirement").
Predictors of clinical response to immunotherapy with or without radiotherapy

Success with recent immunotherapies has resulted in previously unattainable response rates, as well as durable responses in diseases with historically poor prognoses. The combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy has been a recent area of active investigation, with exciting results in a subset of patients. However, patient characteristics predictive of probable benefit from therapy and clinically meaningful biomarkers indicative of the early development of an antitumor immune response have yet to be identified. What is needed is a better way to predict which patients are likely to benefit from therapy, which would allow those patients unlikely to benefit from immunotherapy to be spared potentially futile therapies, thereby avoiding unnecessary risks of toxicity and costly treatment. Here, we summarize the early data on predictors of clinical response to immunotherapy, and to immunotherapy in combination with radiation.
Physiologic effects of a self-contained self-rescuer

Recently promulgated federal regulations mandate the provision of an emergency, self-contained, oxygen-supplying breathing device (self-contained self-rescuer, SCSR) to all underground coalminers. In order to assist in defining the potential limitations of this new device, we measured the responses of ten healthy coal mine inspectors to submaximal steady-state treadmill exercise with and without the SCSR. During the last minute of exercise, blood oxygen saturation averaged 98.3% and mouth pressure swing 15.6 cm H2O with the device, compared to 94.8% and 10.4 cm H2O without it. Mean respiratory rates were decreased to 25/min with the SCSR from 28/min without it. Blood pressure, core temperature and heart rate were unaffected. We conclude that in healthy individuals on submaximal exercise there is little evidence of a significant adverse effect of the new device.
Effects of cycloheximide on protein degradation and gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver.

Cycloheximide at concentrations above 18 μM produced a 93% inhibition of total protein synthesis measured by valine incorporation in the perfused rat liver. Rates of protein degradation were estimated by perfusing livers prelabeled in vivo with L-[1-14C]valine with medium containing 15 mM L-valine. Thus, labeled valine released from liver protein during perfusion was greatly diluted and reincorporation of label was minimized. Cycloheximide at 18 μM inhibited protein degradation by over 60%, after a delay of 15–20 min. Associated with these effects were dose-dependent increases in the rates of glucose and urea production. Glucose production increased 3 fold, from 0.54 ± 0.07 in control to 1.85 ± 0.24 μmol/min/100 g rat in cycloheximide-treated livers. Urea production increased from 0.24 ± 0.02 to 0.62 ± 0.06 μmol/min/100 g rat. No changes in liver glycogen or cyclic AMP content were seen. The data suggest that inhibition of protein synthesis provides an increased availability of intracellular amino acids and that many of these are rapidly degraded, yielding urea and glucose. This is supported by the fact that intracellular alanine levels were significantly increased following cycloheximide treatment. It is possible that the inhibition of protein degradation by cycloheximide is due to altered intracellular pools of amino acids or their metabolites.
Dynamic mean field theory of condensation and evaporation in model pore networks with variations in pore size

Abstract We consider the dynamics of capillary condensation and evaporation in model pore networks in the context of a recently developed dynamic mean field theory. We have applied this theory to three types of networks: (a) a network of slit pores with a single pore width; (b) a network of slit pores with two pore widths arranged in intersecting channels with a single pore width in each channel; (c) a network of slit pores with two pore widths forming an array of inkbottles. The results illustrate the effects of pore connectivity upon the dynamics of vapor–liquid phase transformations as well as on the mass transfer resistances to equilibration. Even when the pores in the network operate independently with respect to thermodynamics, the equilibration dynamics may be sensitive to the connectivity.
Use of a murine monoclonal antibody which binds to malignant keratinocytes to detect tumor cells in microscopically controlled surgery

A new murine monoclonal antibody, termed VM-1, stains basal cell carcinoma cells and at least some squamous cell carcinoma cells. This antibody was used to visualize the tumor margins during microscopically controlled surgery using immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP) technics. Our experiments demonstrate that VM-1 is helpful in detecting small islands of tumor cells in the tissue at the margins of skin cancers. Thus, tissue staining with this antibody should improve the accuracy of microscopically controlled excision, and hopefully will decrease the rate of tumor recurrence after surgery.
The temporal structure of motivation IV: A reexamination of extinction effects in intracranial reward.

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were stereotaxically implanted with unipolar electrodes and trained to press a panel to receive contingent electrical stimulation of the anterior medial forebrain bundle. A chronic design was employed in which rats had continuous access to brain stimulation. Over a 2-week period, overall rates of response per 24 hr stabilized, typically displaying a discrete episodic organization and occurring exclusively during the dark period of the lighting cycle. Normal patterns of response and response patterns after the discontinuation of stimulation were studied on a minute-by-minute basis to determine the behavioral basis and time course of experimental extinction. Separate mechanisms for the initiation and maintenance of responding were identified. The response maintenance mechanism (reflecting a priming process) extinguished within a few minutes of the onset of the extinction schedule, although rats continued to initiate episodes at high rates for at least 4 days. Thus, two response mechanisms may be empirically dissociated. Neuroleptics have been claimed to produce an anhedonic state similar to experimental extinction, and the influence of the neuroleptic drug fluspirilene was therefore examined for purposes of comparison. Unlike normal extinction neuroleptic treatment diminished response initiation but not response maintenance. The two experiments suggest it is possible to doubly dissociate two mechanisms controlling local aspects of intracranial reinforcement in the rat, and that at least some of the behavioral mechanisms underlying experimental extinction and neuroleptic incentive reduction are orthogonal.
Numerical Computation of Tsunami Response for Island Systems

Abstract A numerical procedure has been developed to determine the tsunami response of an island system and the surrounding underwater topography. The main algorithm in based on the Eulerian equations of motion and continuity which correspond to the classical, linear, long-wave equation in the absence of friction and rotation. It performs an integration of these equations in terms of an explicit scheme based on centered differences. The computations are carried out on a Cartesian grid network and employ a condition of no normal flow at the island shoreline representation as well as an approximate radiation condition for the scattered portion of the wave field at the outer boundaries. The responses at the island shorelines are determined by introducing a time sequence input with a stipulated spectrum covering the tsunami range (4–90 min). Computations are continued for a duration sufficient to establish a statistical equilibrium within the system. The shoreline time series of water elevations are then Four...
1074 SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF A LIVE ATTENUATED RHESUS MONKEY ROTAVIRUS VACCINE

Rotavirus is a major worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. We recently evaluated a rhesus monkey rotavirus (RRV-1) which shares neutralization specificity with human sero-type 3, as a potential vaccine candidate. We administered RRV-1 (106 TCID50) or placebo orally to 40 adult volunteers who had low or undetectable levels of serum neutralizing antibody under double-blind conditions. Volunteers were evaluated daily for signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis, and stools were examined for RRV-1 by ELISA and tissue culture. Administration of RRV-1 did not induce illness. RRV-1 was shed in the stools of 11/21 (53%) vaccinees for 1 to 6 days without transmission of RRV-1 to other subjects, although one placebo recipient shed wild-type rotavirus from a community-acquired infection. Fourfold or greater serum neutralizing antibody rises to RRV-1 were noted in all vaccinees (21/21) and in 1/18 placebo recipients. Serum antibody rises were also demonstrated by immune adherence hemagglutination in 20/21 volunteers who received RRV-1 and in 1/18 who received placebo, and by complement fixation in 17/21 who received RRV-1 and 0/17 who received placebo. Transient asymptomatic serum ALT and AST rises were seen with similar frequencies in RRV-1 (3/21) and placebo (5/19) recipients. Thus, RRV-1 appears to be attenuated and highly immunogenic in young adults, and warrants additional study in children.
Supplemental Feeding Increases the Utilization of a Factitious Host for Rearing Bracon thurberiphagae Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a Parasitoid of Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Bracon thurberiphagae is a parasitoid attacking Anthonomus grandis thurberiae, the thurberia weevil. Although B. thurberiphagae can be reared on the boil weevil, the host is expensive to maintain in the laboratory and varies greatly in quality. Heliothis virescens was tested as an alternate host for rearing B. thurberiphagae because of their more consistent quality and availability, but after three generations the B. thurberiphagae population was severely reduced. After the addition of several amino acids to an adult wasp diet, a 100% improvement in the fecundity of B. thurberiphagae reared on H. virescens was observed and a 1:1 sex ratio was restored. This resulted in the ability to maintain a strong colony on an otherwise unsuitable factitious host. The rearing of B. thurberiphagae on H. virescens did not alter their response to boil weevil cues. These results are important in that they demonstrate that the selection of factitious hosts does not necessarily depend on whether the host is suitable, but that the suitability may be manipulated to some degree.
Mostly static program partitioning of binary executables

We have built a runtime compilation system that takes unmodified sequential binaries and improves their performance on off-the-shelf multiprocessors using dynamic vectorization and loop-level parallelization techniques. Our system, Azure, is purely software based and requires no specific hardware support for speculative thread execution, yet it is able to break even in most cases; that is, the achieved speedup exceeds the cost of runtime monitoring and compilation, often by significant amounts.Key to this remarkable performance is an offline preprocessing step that extracts a mostly correct control flow graph (CFG) from the binary program ahead of time. This statically obtained CFG is incomplete in that it may be missing some edges corresponding to computed branches. We describe how such additional control flow edges are discovered and handled at runtime, so that an incomplete static analysis never leads to an incorrect optimization result.The availability of a mostly correct CFG enables us to statically partition a binary executable into single-entry multiple-exit regions and to identify potential parallelization candidates ahead of execution. Program regions that are not candidates for parallelization can thereby be excluded completely from runtime monitoring and dynamic recompilation. Azure's extremely low overhead is a direct consequence of this design.
Determination of critical observed frequencies in chi square

The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is viewed as restrictive in interpretation potentials. The concept, rationale, formulas, and limitations for a simple test of observed frequencies are offered. This test, respecting limitations, allows the determination of a critical observed frequency value for any cell that would yield a significant deviation from expectations. The test is statistically conservative and allows category- or condition-specific interpretation of chi-square data.
MapReduce Algorithms for GIS Polygonal Overlay Processing

Polygon overlay is one of the complex operations in computational geometry. It is applied in many fields such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), computer graphics and VLSI CAD. Sequential algorithms for this problem are in abundance in literature but there is a lack of distributed algorithms especially for MapReduce platform. In GIS, spatial data files tend to be large in size (in GBs) and the underlying overlay computation is highly irregular and compute intensive. The MapReduce paradigm is now standard in industry and academia for processing large-scale data. Motivated by the MapReduce programming model, we revisit the distributed polygon overlay problem and its implementation on MapReduce platform. Our algorithms are geared towards maximizing local processing and minimizing the communication overhead inherent with shuffle and sort phases in MapReduce. We have experimented with two data sets and achieved up to 22x speedup with dataset 1 using 64 CPU cores.
Nonprofit organizations in the health sector.

Nonprofit organizations have a substantial share of the U.S. health care markets. They care for approximately 70 percent of all inpatient cases in acute care hospitals, and for half of the market for inpatient specialty mental health treatment and substances abuse treatment. Nonprofits are predominant in home health care, where visiting nurse associations typically serve more than half the market. Nonprofits are less dominant in the nursing home market but still account for nearly one-fourth of all days of care. In 1990, 54 percent of the enrollment in health maintenance organizations was in the nonprofit sector (Interstudy, 1991), although for-profit HMOs have been increasing their market share rapidly, from 26 percent in 1985 to 46 percent in 1990. As a crude overall measure, one can use expenditure data as an indicator of the importance of nonprofit organizations in the health sector. Data for 1989 shows $191.4 billion in revenues for health sector nonprofits (Independent Sector, 1993, p. 147, SIC code 80); this was 31.8 percent of total U.S. health spending for that year (Levit et al., 1991). Given the size and scope of the nonprofit sector, it perhaps inevitably inspires conflicting sentiments. Government appears to both promote and mistrust nonprofit organizations in the health sector. On the supportive side, not-for-profit providers are exempted from most federal, state and local taxes, and they receive preferential treatment in the contract procurement process in many states; for example, for-profit firms are precluded from bidding on requests to provide residential services to the mentally disabled in Maryland. On the negative side, legislation was recently introduced in the Congress to link
The Significance of Central Pathology Review in Clinical Studies of Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Situ

ABSTRACTPurpose: The causes of interobserver variation in the pathological diagnosis of urothelial neoplasia were studied.Materials and Methods: A central review was performed on pathological specimens in a multi-institutional clinical study of patients with in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.Results: A significant discrepancy in pathological diagnosis was noted between the original report and the central review in 60 of 159 biopsies (38%) and in 73 of 217 cytology specimens (34%). Biopsy discrepancies were almost equally divided between upgrades and downgrades, whereas 89% of cytology discrepancies involved an upgrade in diagnosis by the central reviewer. The most significant factor causing variability in biopsy diagnoses was the multiplicity of classifications used by the originating pathologists. Other factors included fixation and biopsy artifacts. Cell degeneration secondary to treatment was the most important factor resulting in cytology under grading. At originating institutions the...
Preferential diffusion and concentration modification in sooting counterflow diffusion flames

An experimental investigation has been conducted on the influence of the mobility of inert additives on soot formation in propane and ethylene counterflow diffusion flames. Inerts used were helium, neon, argon, or krypton, and the results show that while the mobility of the inert has practically no effect when a small amount of inert is added to the oxidizer side, the influence is significant when added to the fuel side in that krypton, being the least mobile inert, yields the greatest soot loading while helium, being the most mobile, yields the least. By relating the spatially-resolved soot volume fractions to the corresponding profiles of temperature, velocity and species concentrations, it is demonstrated that this influence on soot loading is likely caused by concentration modifications of the fuel and the soot precursors due to the different mobilities of the inert additives.
Trophic structure and species diversity

Abstract This paper considers a model of an ecosystem in which interactions between species are described by pathways for energy flow. We introduce a new measure of diversity which incorporates the complexity of interaction between the various populations in the trophic web. This diversity measure which is given in terms of the feedback at various levels of the ecosystem reduces to the classical Shannon-Weaver measure when the flow of energy from the primary producer to the other populations in the community are equal. We also introduce the concept trophic potential of an ecosystem. The trophic potential measures the mean of the contribution of the various populations to the equilibrium species distribution. This concept is related to the diversity measure. Diversity is precisely the product of the net productivity and the mean turnover time when the trophic potential of the ecosystem is zero.
Slow rotation of two spheres placed about the axis of a circular cylinder in a direction perpendicular to their line of centers

Thesimultaneous effects of a cylinder wall and of a neighboring sphere on the frictional force and torque experienced by a sphere is theoretically calculated, at small Reynolds numbers, for the case when two spheres symmetrically placed about the axis of a circular cylinder rotate slowly with equal angular speeds, in opposite directions, about axes perpendicular to their line of centers. Numerical values are provided which enable the frictional force and torque on the reference sphere to be computed from the fundamental geometrical parameters of the system.
Discussion on detonations

In the course of general discussion on detonation phenomena, the current status of the theory was reviewed and the results of some recent studies, related in particular to the nonsteady behavior of the wave, were presented. With reference to the first of these topics, included here is a summary of the remarks made by Professor Numa Masson. This is followed by a short report presented by Professor R. A. Strehlow with reference to the second topic.
Significance of the Δ5 and Δ4 steroidogenic pathways in the hamster preovulatory follicle

Isolated hamster granulosa cells and theca from preovulatory follicles were incubated in vitro for 2 and 6 h in the absence/or presence of LH and steroid substrates. The purpose of the experiments was to determine, in theca, the relative activities of the delta 5 and delta 4 pathways under controlled conditions, and to compare the ability of granulosa cells and theca to form progesterone from exogenous pregnenolone. The results of the experiments show that the delta 5 pathway in theca predominates before and up to 2 h after LH stimulation. The delayed effect of LH after 2 h is a switch from delta 5 to delta 4 as the major metabolic pathway. Progesterone formation from exogenous pregnenolone is 7 to 10 times greater in unstimulated granulosa cells than in theca. Acute effects of LH lead to increased conversion of exogenous pregnenolone to progesterone in granulosa cells but not theca. LH does, however, acutely stimulate the thecal conversion of DHEA to androstenedione. The longer term effect of LH in both cell types is to increase pregnenolone conversion to progesterone.
Body movement and inattention in learning-disable and normal children

Four experiments were conducted to test various aspects of an optimal level of arousal model of hyperactivity in learning-disabled children. Vigilance performance and level of body movement were measured while learning-disabled and control children performed in an auditory vigilance task. The results suggested that body movement increased throughout the vigilance task, increased rates of external stimulation result in decreased level of body movement, and learningdisabled children differed from controls in showing higher levels of body movement and poorer vigilance performance. The results were discussed in terms of changes in arousal level and compensatory stimulus-seeking behavior.
Low earth orbit navigation in the TDAS era

It is pointed out that by the 1990s projected increases in scientific data volume and spacecraft engineering data will require an extension of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). There will also be requirements with respect to improvements related to navigation. The Tracking Data Acquisition System (TDAS) is defined as the heir to TDRSS for the 1990s and beyond. A pre-Phase A TDAS concept definition study has recently been completed. The study covers a 15 year planning period extending from 1990 to 2005. The present investigation is concerned with TDAS-based alternatives, taking into account aspects of orbit and time determination. Attention is given an overview of TDRSS capabilities, pertiment TDAS architecture options, potential user navigation accuracy requirements, and some results of preliminary navigation performance evaluations.
The integration of primary care sports medicine into an academic emergency medicine practice: academic and revenue enhancement.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether integrating primary care sports medicine into academic emergency medicine (EM) can enhance both revenue and the academic program. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive review of all patients seen in a primary care sports medicine practice at a university hospital sports medicine clinic was done over a 24-month period. All patients seen initially in the ED for a sports injury either by the author or by another EM faculty member with follow-up by the author in the sports medicine clinic were included in the study group. The study group was analyzed for diagnoses, payor mix, and revenue generated by the ED follow-up sports medicine clinic visits. RESULTS: There were 199 patients who met the inclusion criteria. This resulted in 483 ED follow-up sports medicine clinic visits. The author practiced 13 hours/week in the ED and 16 hours/week in the primary care sports medicine practice, which resulted in 1,536 sports medicine clinic hours. The study group accounted for 20% of the total patient volume in the author's primary care sports medicine practice. There were 111 lower-extremity injuries (knee 52%, foot/ankle 40%, hip/pelvis 8%), 81 upper-extremity injuries (hand/wrist 48%, shoulder 43%, elbow 9%), and seven spine injuries. Payor mix was 47% traditional indemnity, 45% HMO, 4% self-pay, and 4% Medicare/Medicaid. Total charges for the ED follow-up sports medicine clinic visits were $44,767 ($92.68/visit) and net receipts were $30,276 ($62.68/visit). This represented 20% of the total charges and 16% of the net receipts in the author's sports medicine practice during this period. Revenue generated by the ED follow-up sports medicine clinic visits could have supported 12% of the equivalent cost of the base pay for a full-time EM faculty position. CONCLUSION: The integration of primary care sports medicine into an academic EM faculty practice can enhance revenue through the establishment of an ED follow-up sports medicine clinic while also providing an opportunity to expand resident learning experiences. Language: en
Financial performance measures in credit scoring

In this paper, we suggest that financial performance of loans and loan portfolios, rather than statistical performance of scores, should be the critical focus for lenders and lending institutions using credit scoring to fund and acquire new borrowers. We propose two measures for measuring relative financial performance of loan accounts when portfolio acquisition decisions are based on risk assessments. These compare with numerous statistical performance measures for response and risk scores that assess borrower response to offers, default, bankruptcy, late payment and fraud. Popular statistical measures often used in scorecard development and validation testing include the K-S statistic, Gini coefficient, AUROC, ROC curves, divergence, and others. The measures that we suggest focus on relative return on equity (ROE) and market share; in our opinion, such financial performance measures are more meaningful to lenders and businesses than statistical measures of scorecard performance.
Suboptimal pharmacotherapy in a tribal nursing home.

Objective Suboptimal medication use among nursing home (NH) residents is common. NH residents tend to be older, suffer from multiple conditions, and take numerous medications, increasing their risk of serious complications. This article examines pharmacotherapy in a rural, tribally owned NH. Design Medical records were reviewed and case studies were conducted by a team composed of a medical anthropologist, psychiatrist, and geriatrician. Setting A rural, American Indian–owned NH in the US northern plains. Participants 40 American Indian and 5 EuroAmerican NH residents. Measurements Minimum Data Set assessments, admission records, care plans, social histories, prescription lists, and behavioral consultation reports. Results Potential underuse affected almost 75% of residents; undertreatment of depressive and psychotic/agitated symptoms was especially common. Potential inappropriate use, especially of analgesics, psychotropics, and antihistamines, affected 30% of residents. A smaller, but still substantial, number of residents (21%) experienced potential overuse, much of which involved anticonvulsants, antibiotics, cardiovascular, and psychotropic agents. The prescription of 10 or more medications was significantly associated with potential drug interactions, as well as underuse, inappropriate medication use, and overuse. Conclusions Psychotropic medications were the most potentially problematic medication category, and were strongly implicated in potential underuse, inappropriate use, and overuse. Fewer medications; the discontinuation of drugs known to be potentially problematic for NH residents; modification of psychotropic medication regimens; use of cognitive-enhancing medications where appropriate; implementation of an electronic medical record system; and greater use of nonpharmacological behavioral interventions may have substantially improved residents’ treatment regimens.
Synthesis and characterization of polymethacrylate-based nitric oxide donors.

A synthetic path for the preparation of methacrylic homo- and copolymers containing secondary amine groups that can be converted into nitric oxide (NO) releasing N-diazeniumdiolates is described. The polymers are obtained by a multistep procedure involving synthesis of methacrylate monomers containing boc-protected secondary amine sites, free radical benzoyl peroxide initiated polymerization, deprotection of the amine sites, and subsequent reaction of the polymers with NO in the presence of sodium methoxide. Monomers with both linear and cyclic pendant secondary amines are examined as polymer building blocks. In most cases, polymers are obtained for both types with compositions that agree well with initial monomer ratios and with number average molecular weights (Mn) ranging from 1.69 to 2.58 × 106 Da. The final N-diazeniumdiolated methacrylic amine polymers are shown to release NO for extended periods of time with “apparent” t1/2 values ranging from 30 to 60 min when suspended in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4...
The 2010 commission on dietetic registration entry-level dietetics practice audit: distinguishing between educational attributes.

O d g b a w w m e a t a g d The 2010 Entry-Level Dietetics Practice Audit determined the nature of entry-level practice for egistered dietitians (RDs) and ditetic technicians, registered (DTRs). he primary goal of the audit was to rovide the profession with quantitaive insight about the level and freuency of involvement and perceived isk associated with activity stateents of entry-level RDs (EL RDs) nd DTRs (EL DTRs) in the first 3 ears of practice. The Commission on ietetic Registration uses the audit esults to establish RD and DTR xam content domains while the ommission on Accreditation on Ditetics Education assesses the audit utcomes and accreditation stanards for educators. This report sumarizes the original methods used nd distinguishes between character-
A Dynamic Load Balancing Tool for One and Two Dimensional Parallel Loops

This paper describes a dynamic load balancing tool intended for computational investigators who have little familiarity with programming for a message-passing environment. Motivated by the PAR DOALL directive available in some compilers for shared-memory systems, the tool is designed to simplify the manual conversion of sequential programs containing computationally intensive loops with independent iterates into parallel programs that execute with high efficiency on general-purpose clusters. The tool implements a dynamic loop scheduling strategy to address load imbalance which may be induced by the non-uniformity of loop iterate times, and by the heterogeneity of processors. The tool is based on the Message Passing Interface library for wide availability. Timings of a nontrivial application that utilize the tool on a Linux cluster are presented to demonstrate sample achievable performance.
Effect of hydrogen chemisorption on the photoionization threshold of isolated transition metal clusters

Abstract Large increases in the photoionization threshold energies of small V x , NB x , and Fe x clusters ( x = 3–25) induced by chemisorption of H 2 have been observed using photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of a molecular beam. These shifts exhibit a definite dependence both on the number of atoms constituting the bare metal cluster and on the number of chemisorbed hydrogens, and are particularly large (≳ 0.8 eV) for multiple-H 2 chemisorption on small clusters. A simple frontier orbital model for the chemisorption process predicts the direction of adsorbate-induced shifts in cluster ionization threshold for both H 2 and NH 3 as adsorbates.
Approximate Representations in the Medical Domain

The target of many studies in the health sciences is the discovery of cause-effect relationships among observed variables of interest, for example: treatments, exposures, preconditions, and outcomes. Causal modeling and causal discovery are central to medical science. In order to algorithmically consider causal relations, the relations must be placed into a representation that supports manipulation. Knowledge of at least some causal effects is imprecise. The most widespread causal representation is directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). However, DAGs are severely limited in what portion of the common sense world they can represent. Another network methodology, fuzzy cognitive maps hold promise. This paper considers the needs of commonsense causality and suggests Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a useful methodology.
A comparison of the creep properties of an Al-6092 composite and the unreinforced matrix alloy

Creep tests were conducted on an Al-6092 alloy reinforced with 25 vol pct SiC particulates and on an unreinforced Al-6092 matrix alloy. Both materials exhibit creep behavior indicating the presence of a threshold stress and both have a true stress exponent of 3, but with meaured activation energies for creep of ∼135 and ∼230 kJ mol−1 in the unreinforced and reinforced materials, respectively. By incorporating a temperature-dependent load transfer into the analysis, it is shown that the activation energy for the composite is reduced to ∼130 kJ mol−1. Both materials therefore exhibit creep behavior consistent with viscous glide and the dragging of Mg solute atmospheres, and in addition the results for the composite are consistent with the proposal that the creep of metal matrix composites divides into two classes depending upon the rate-controlling process in the matrix alloys.
Nonequilibrium generalization of Förster–Dexter theory for excitation energy transfer

Abstract Forster–Dexter theory for excitation energy transfer (EET) is generalized for the account of short time nonequilibrium kinetics due to the nonstationary bath relaxation. The final rate expression is presented as a spectral overlap between the time dependent stimulated emission and the stationary absorption profiles, which allows experimental determination of the time dependent rate. For a harmonic oscillator bath model, an explicit rate expression is derived and model calculations are performed in order to examine the dependence of the nonequilibrium kinetics on the excitation–bath coupling strength and the temperature. Relevance of the present theory with recent experimental findings and possible future theoretical directions are discussed.
One-Warehouse Multiretailer Systems with Centralized Stock Information

We consider a distribution system with a central warehouse and multiple retailers. The warehouse orders from an outside supplier and replenishes the retailers which in turn satisfy customer demand. The retailers are nonidentical, and their demand processes are independent compound Poisson. There are economies of scale in inventory replenishment, which is controlled by an echelon-stock, batch-transfer policy. For the special case with simple Poisson demand, we develop an exact method for computing the long-run average holding and backorder costs of the system. Based on this exact method, we provide approximations for compound Poisson demand. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the accuracy of the approximations. We also present a numerical comparison between the average costs of a heuristic, echelon-stock policy and an existing lower bound on the average costs of all feasible policies.
Dual grating monochromator for detector calibrations using synchrotron radiation as an absolute source at NIST

Abstract A new monochromator system has been developed that permits the in situ calibration of its optical components and allows the calibration of a photodiode against a calculable synchrotron radiation source in the spectral range extending from 116 to 254 nm. The instrument has been operated at the Spectrometer Calibration Facility (BL-2) of the SURF II electron storage ring located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Significant reductions in the uncertainty of far ultraviolet detector calibrations are anticipated due to the use of this instrument.
Cargo Cult Horror

Anthropological analyses of cargo cults offer certain plots alongside ethnographic detail. Many such accounts assume one or the other of three common storylines. Cargo cults have been plotted as bildungsroman, as horror story, and as carnival. Bildungsroman cargo narratives suggest that cargo is good but culting is bad. Carnivalesque accounts reverse this polarity to celebrate culting while disparaging the dangers of cargo. The horror storyline laments both cargo and culting. Over the past fifty years, shifting appreciations of modernity, technology, and progress have reshaped the stories in which cargo cults get accounted: Modernity's cargo bildungsroman has given way to postmodern horror.
Surface Metrology using an Elastomeric Sensor

We describe a method for measuring microscopic surface topography using an elastomeric sensor combined with machine vision. The system is fast, low-cost, and offers micron-scale resolution.
Historical perspectives on orthopaedic nursing research in Orthopaedic Nursing from 1982 to 1995.

PURPOSE To describe a systematic review of research studies published from 1982 through 1995 in Orthopaedic Nursing since its first issue in 1982. DESIGN A descriptive design was used to systematically examine and classify the research studies published in Orthopaedic Nursing. SAMPLE Forty-nine research studies made up the sample. METHOD A descriptive historical research method was used to categorize the studies according to (1) topic, (2) research design, (3) sampling method, (4) sample size, (5) educational preparation of the author(s), and (6) funding status of the study. MAIN RESEARCH CLASSIFICATION: Nursing research Orthopaedic Nursing. FINDINGS The number of research studies published in Orthopaedic Nursing was higher from 1990 to 1995. Most studies consisted of adult clients in acute care settings. There was increased attention to nursing interventions, psychosocial needs, and professional development (1990 to 1995). Pain was the most frequently addressed topic. Nonexperimental descriptive and retrospective designs were used most frequently. Nonprobability sampling was more common. Numbers of studies acknowledging funding increased from one study (1982 to 1989), to 10 studies (1990 to 1995). CONCLUSION Overall, the number of research studies published in Orthopaedic Nursing has increased over the years and the studies have become more sophisticated. The clinical setting provides a wealth of topics for studies on nursing interventions and outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING RESEARCH The final step of the research process, dissemination of research findings is integral to the success of the research process. As nursing continues to grow as a profession, the dissemination of research findings to the practicing clinician provides research-based information that can guide and improve clinical practice on a day-to-day basis. Nurses need to take advantage of the opportunities for conducting and using research.
A role for topical 5-fluorouracil therapy in melanoma

Topical 5-fluorouracil (Efudex) has been shown to be of great value in the treatment of skin cancers, Marjolin ulcers, and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and esophagus. It has been advocated for use on patients with melanocytic dysplasia and lentigo maligna melanoma. This report confirms the use of topical 5-FU for lentigo maligna melanoma and melanocytic dysplasia. In melanomas with poor prognosis, preoperative treatment with topical 5-FU converts the cellular infiltrate from acute inflammatory cells to round cells which have been shown to be T-cells. We believe this preoperative stimulation of the patients' own immune reaction to the tumor may be of great significance in improving the surgical results for melanomas with a poor prognosis.