cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Petroleum-Base Herbicides on Growth and Carcass Flavor in Chickens

Abstract PETROLEUM products are sometimes used to spray milo and other sorghum grains before they are completely mature. This allows the crop to be harvested with a combine considerably earlier, than would be possible otherwise. Milo, which has been harvested by this means, may retain an odor of the herbicide and promotes a consideration of the effect that it may have upon the poultry to which it may be fed. The fact that organic compounds such as benzene hexachloride are absorbed and stored in the tissues of chickens (Hixson and Muma, 1947; Furman and Bankowski, 1949) emphasizes the fact that the herbicides may also be absorbed by the tissues in amounts great enough to become objectionable. Two phases of this problem are apparent: (1) the amount of the compound(s) which may be found on the grain after spraying and harvesting and (2) the effect which the herbicide may have on the …
The Nervous System of Certain Abdominal Segments and the Innervation of the Male Reproductive System and Genitalia of Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

The musculature and its innervations in the fourth pregenital abdominal segment of the adult male cecropia moth are described. Dorsal, ventral, and transverse pairs of nerve roots arising from the pregenital segmental abdominal ganglion seem homologous with those described for the pregenital segments of certain Orthoptera, the neuropteran Chauliodes formosanus , and the cecropia larva. In this lepidopteran, as in those other orders, the dorsal nerve fuses with the transverse nerve of the preceding ganglion, and the spiracular muscles are innervated from the fused branches of the dorsal and transverse nerves. The ventral nerve in this species and in some Orthoptera fuses with the transverse nerve of its own segmental ganglion. The homologies in such widely separated insect orders support the concept of a basic segmental nerve pattern within the Hexapoda. The terminal abdominal ganglion lies in the sixth abdominal segment in the cecropia male and gives rise to the lateral nerves of the sixth, seventh, and eighth abdominal segments, as well as the trunk giving rise to the branch nerves that innervate the reproductive system and the genital musculature. The vasa deferentia loop beneath the lateral nerves innervating the rectum, anal tube, and body wall in the anal area. If these relationships are homologous with the position of the lateral nerves of the 11th abdominal segment in Orthoptera, the nerves passingabove the vasa deferentia in this moth are the lateral nerves of the 11th abdominal segment, which is no longer recognizable as a segment in Hyalophora cecropia (L.).
Effects of freeze-thawing and storage on ultracentrifugal properties of human serum lipoproteins.

SummaryThe effects of freeze-thawing and of storage on ultracentrifugal characteristics of human serum lipoproteins have been studied. Two different rates of freezing and thawing have been used. Storage has been carried out at 3 different temperatures: between −30° and −26°C, between −5° and 0°C, and between 0° and +4°C. Adequate preservation of lipoproteins stored as serum at a temperature between −5° and 0°C was maintained for 4 weeks, between 0°C and + 4°C for 2 weeks, and between −30° and −26°C for a few days.
Orthopedic aspects of Rett syndrome: A multicenter review

Twenty-three of 36 patients (64%) with Rett syndrome showed orthopedic problems at an average age of 8 years 7 months. Sixteen patients had spinal deformities (45%), six had scoliosis, one had sagittal deformity, and nine had scoliosis with sagittal deformity. Eight patients with scoliosis have shown progression, with two patients requiring surgery. Thirteen patients (36%) exhibited joint contractures; three of them have required surgery. Ten fractures occurred in five patients (14%). Coxa valga was present in all 14 hips. Skeletal ages in four preadolescent patients were normal.
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: Addressing the Function and the Family From the Perspective of Systemic Family Therapies

ABSTRACTNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescence has been increasing steadily over the past several decades. Mental health professionals frequently address NSSI solely within an individual context. Behaviorally focused therapy is the norm for treating NSSI in adolescents, but existence of the behavior as a larger manifestation of structural family problems is missing from this modality of therapy. Although short-term outcomes display a reduction or cessation of NSSI, long-term efficacy is still not proven for behaviorally focused therapies. Addressing the function of NSSI in a family context will help shift the perspective of clinicians from behavioral, individual therapy to structural family therapy.
Stimulation of a Histone H4 Protein Kinase in Triton X‐100 Lysates of Rabbit Peritoneal Neutrophils Pretreated With Chemotactic Factors: Effect of Leukotriene B4 and Cytochalasin B

The effects of leukotriene B4 on the stimulation of a histone H4 kinase activity in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils have been studied. LTB4 activated the kinase within 10 sec with the increasing activity decaying to near basal level after 20 sec of stimulation. The effect was not inhibited by removal of extracellular calcium or loading the cells with quin-2/AM. Pretreatment of the cells with cytochalasin B greatly enhanced and prolonged the activation of the kinase. Pretreatment of the cells with LTB4 or fMet-Leu-Phe inhibited the effect of the later addition of LTB4. Since similar characteristics of LTB4 and cytochalasin B have also been observed in LTB4-stimulated responses such as secretion and superoxide generation, the results suggest a potential role of H4 kinase in LTB4-stimulated responses.
Abnormal Pap screening among Mexican-American women: impediments to receiving and reporting follow-up care.

Purpose/objectives To understand impediments to receiving and reporting timely follow-up care for abnormal Pap tests among Hispanic women. Design Descriptive, qualitative. Setting A federally funded cancer screening clinic in urban South Texas. Sample 11 Mexican/Mexican-American women over 40 years old who appear in clinic records as "lapsed" in follow-up and 5 clinic staff members. Methods Semistructured, qualitative interviews regarding staff and patient concepts about cancer, cancer screening, and follow-up. Abstraction of patients' clinic charts. Main research variables Factors associated with women being classified as "lapsed" in follow-up care for abnormal Pap tests. Findings Only two patients had no follow-up, while nine eventually had follow-up, either elsewhere or after several missed appointments. Contrary to expectations, poor knowledge, lack of social support, and lack of availability of care were not factors impeding follow-up. Reluctance to be examined by a male practitioner, lack of flexibility in scheduling clinic appointments, and poor staff communication regarding appointments and the seriousness of the condition were all influences negatively affecting follow-up behavior. Nevertheless, these women went to significant lengths to comply with follow-up recommendations. Conclusions The classification of patients' follow-up behavior as "lapsed" was not attributable to culturally based beliefs and attitudes, nor lack of knowledge and motivation, but was primarily the result of institutional features such as scheduling and record-keeping practices and policies. Implications for nursing practice More thorough evaluation of actual behaviors would ensure more accurate assessment of follow-up behavior in this group. More female practitioners, better communication of appointments and of the seriousness of the condition, and more flexible scheduling options would reduce the difficulty these Hispanic patients encountered in having timely follow-up care.
Pregnancy Discrimination and the Law Implications for Social Work

This article makes the case that social workers and social welfare advocates need to be aware of pregnancy discrimination law to better advocate for individual clients and for changes in the existi...
The carbon fertilization effect over a century of anthropogenic CO2 emissions: higher intracellular CO2 and more drought resistance among invasive and native grass species contrasts with increased water use efficiency for woody plants in the US Southwest

From 1890 to 2015, anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from 270 to 400 mol mol-1 . The effect of increased carbon emissions on plant growth and reproduction has been the subject of study of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments. These experiments have found (i) an increase in internal CO2 partial pressure (ci ) alongside acclimation of photosynthetic capacity, (ii) variable decreases in stomatal conductance, and (iii) that increases in yield do not increase commensurate with CO2 concentrations. Our data set, which includes a 115-year-long selection of grasses collected in New Mexico since 1892, is consistent with an increased ci as a response to historical CO2 increase in the atmosphere, with invasive species showing the largest increase. Comparison with Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index (PDSI) for New Mexico indicates a moderate correlation with Δ13 C (r2 = 0.32, P < 0.01) before 1950, with no correlation (r2 = 0.00, P = 0.91) after 1950. These results indicate that increased ci may have conferred some drought resistance to these grasses through increased availability of CO2 in the event of reduced stomatal conductance in response to short-term water shortage. Comparison with C3 trees from arid environments (Pinus longaeva and Pinus edulis in the US Southwest) as well as from wetter environments (Bromus and Poa grasses in New Mexico) suggests differing responses based on environment; arid environments in New Mexico see increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) in response to historic elevated CO2 while wetter environments see increased ci . This study suggests that (i) the observed increases in ci in FACE experiments are consistent with historical CO2 increases and (ii) the CO2 increase influences plant sensitivity to water shortage, through either increased WUE or ci in arid and wet environments, respectively.
Mindfulness In Parenting Questionnaire (MIPQ): Development and Validation of a Measure of Mindful Parenting

The aim of the present study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a measure of mindful parenting (the Mindfulness In Parenting Questionnaire (MIPQ)) for use with parents of children and adolescents, ranging in age from 2- to 16-years-old. Content experts assisted in item development, and cognitive interviewing was used to revise the measure. Parents (N = 203) completed the preliminary MIPQ along with measures of parenting style, parenting practices, and mindfulness. The contemporary psychometrics approach known as the item response theory (IRT) was used to evaluate the MIPQ. Results yielded two dimensions, each of which was measured optimally using the partial credit model. The two dimensions, mindful discipline and being in the moment with the child, explained 42.3 and 43.4 % of the variance, respectively. Correlations between the MIPQ and parenting style, parenting practices, practice of mindfulness, and participant demographics provided support for construct validity. The MIPQ exhibited a positive and weak correlation with the MAAS, indicating that interpersonal and intrapersonal mindfulness are related yet separate and distinct constructs. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
P047 Safety and tolerability of transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor and language mapping in children with epilepsy

Introduction & Objectives Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method for focal noninvasive cortical stimulation where small intracranial electrical currents are generated by a powerful extracranial fluctuating magnetic field. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess TMS safety and tolerability for presurgical mapping in children with epilepsy. Materials & methods TMS was performed with a figure-of-eight coil and the site was localized to the patient’s own MRI using frameless stereotaxy. Motor mapping involved single-pulse stimulation at 110% resting motor threshold (rMT), or 100% machine output (MO) when MT was ⩾100% MO. Expressive language mapping involved repetitive stimulation at 90–150% rMT, delivered in 5 Hz trains around Broca’s area and the homologous right hemisphere region. Heart rate (HR) and HR variability during stimulation were extracted from the EMG as additional safety measures. Our data also enables measures of rMT as a function of age. Results 106 patients (10 mo – 18y; 97 ⩽ 18y) with medication-refractory epilepsy underwent TMS motor mapping, and 28 patients (ages 6–18y; 24 ⩽ 18y) underwent language mapping. There were no atypical seizures, status epilepticus or epilepsy exacerbation. Typical seizures occurred in 3 patients during TMS motor mapping, and 1 seizure occurred during speech mapping. Of the three in-session seizures during motor mapping, one occurred in the setting of reduced antiepileptic medications, during EMG electrode setup, the second occurred during a session in a patient who experienced frequent daily seizures, and the third, a motor seizure with right arm extension occurred during right hand rMT determination. The seizure during language mapping may occurred in a patient with reflex audiogenic epilepsy, whose seizure were triggered by rhythmic auditory stimuli. Although higher stimulation intensity was required in younger children secondary to lower rMT the tolerability was similar in younger and older children. There was no significant change in heart rate from baseline during TMS sessions. Conclusions Navigated TMS appears to be safe and relatively well tolerated in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing presurgical mapping.
International Student Employment: Navigating Immigration Regulations, Career Services, and Employer Considerations

This chapter introduces student services professionals to trends and issues regarding international student employment from career services and international student services advising perspectives.
Suitability of Parametric Shepard Interpolation for Nonrigid Image Registration

Shepard interpolation is known to produce flat horizontal spots at and around data points. The phenomenon is caused by Shepard’s use of rational inverse-distance weight functions, producing similar values around data points. In this paper, a parametric version of Shepard interpolation is introduced that avoids flat horizontal spots. Because Shepard interpolation or its parametric version does not require the solution of a system of equations, the interpolation is stable under varying density and organization of data points as well as under highly varying data values. The suitability of parametric Shepard interpolation in nonrigid image registration is investigated and its speed and accuracy are compared with those of multiquadric, thin-plate spline, and moving least-squares.
PREDICTION OF PITCH COKE ANISOTROPY FROM PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND EPR CHARACTERIZATION OF PITCHES

Publisher Summary The optical anisotropy of pitch coke is known to be related to pitch properties. This chapter discusses a study to identify the pitch properties, exhibiting the most pronounced influence on optical textures distribution of the pitch cokes, and to quantify the relationships. Pitches were prepared from commercial high temperature tars by vacuum distillation at 130 Pa up to 250°C in distillation flask and were filtered through paper IRAPA 2A at 175°C. Cokes were prepared from the pitches fed dropwise on the upper edge of metal funnel with downward temperature gradient 200°C–460°C, then kept 6 h at 490°C, and finally at temperature rise of 3 K/min up to 1000°C. For the characterization of optical anisotropy, index optical textures equal to the first statistical moment of texture main size distribution was suggested. Factor analysis, for its ability to disclose mutual relationships between many variables in a single set of results, was used for data analysis. At the early stage of carbonization, the number of nucleation centers is supposed to be proportional to the concentration of stable free radicals.
First Experience with Teleophthalmology in Rural Nepal

Access to subspecialty eye care is a challenge in Nepal, given the lack of subspecialists in rural areas, the mountainous terrain, and lack of infrastructure. The use of telemedicine was tested at two different sites in rural Nepal in 2008. Photos of fundus pathology were taken, uploaded to an Internet server, and evaluated by subspecialists in Kathmandu and the USA. Even though telemedicine seems to be a good fit for rural Nepal, major obstacles including power supply, Internet connection, and technical support have to be overcome before telemedicine could be implemented for routine use.
Evolution of the Signal

The contribution A c (z, t) to the asymptotic behavior of the propagated plane wavefield A(z, t) that is due to the presence of any simple pole singularities of the spectral function \tilde{u}(ω − ω c ), where \(A(0,t) = u(t)\sin ({\omega }_{c}t + \psi )\) with fixed angular carrier frequency ω c ≥ 0, is now condidered in some detail, with primary attention given to the oscillatory case when ω c > 0. As discussed in Sect. 12.4, the field component A c (z, t) is associated with any long-term signal that is being propagated through the dispersive material. The velocity of propagation of the signal and the transition from the total precursor field to the signal field are determined by the relative asymptotic dominance of the component fields A s (z, t), A b (z, t), A m (z, t), and A c (z, t). Consequently, discussion of these topics is deferred to Chap. 15 where the asymptotic description of the dynamical evolution of the total propagated wavefield A(z, t) is considered by combining the results of this chapter with those of Chap. 13.
Dynamic cold regions terrain effects on time-domain electromagnetic induction data

Abstract Subsurface geophysical characterization efforts at a US Army legacy munitions waste site were negatively impacted by dynamic cold regions surface processes including increased snow depth, surface soil erosion and deposition, and seasonal water levels. One concern identified in the characterization efforts showed the time-domain (TD) electromagnetic induction (EMI) response from the buried munitions was diminished due to an increased snow pack. It is well known that increasing the distance between the ground surface and the time-domain electromagnetics (TDEMI) sensor will result in a decreased response, all other factors remaining the same. However, in cold regions or other locations where seasonally dynamic changes in surface elevations occur, the depth to target may also change, potentially resulting in false negatives when site based regulatory thresholds are used for detection criteria. Here, we present measured and synthetic data illustrating the impact of dynamic cold regions environments on subsurface EMI geophysical surveys. We model the TDEMI response from a single target at varying depths and relate this to snow pack thickness in increments of 0.10 m. Results suggest for a target at an original depth of 0.86 m, 0.10 m of snow accumulation, or sensor height change, will result in a false negative for this size munition at this site. Next, a model from the synthetic data to correct for the diminished response due to increased sensor offset is developed, and effectiveness of the model as applied to potentially missed targets is demonstrated. The synthetic data were plotted against the modeled data and exhibited a close correlation. Additionally, we examine the effects of dynamic surface grade on the TDEMI results, demonstrating a significant difference between soil and snow surface grade impacts on target detection and locating. Finally, an approach to correct the TDEMI response based on the change in surface elevation resulting from increased snow depth, surface soil erosion and deposition, or water levels is proposed.
Patient recommendations for PrEP information dissemination at family planning clinics in Atlanta, Georgia.

Abstract Objective Family planning (FP) clinics are an ideal setting to disseminate information about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but little is known about women's preferences for learning about PrEP in this setting. Study design We surveyed 500 women seeking care at 4 FP clinics in Atlanta. Before their provider visit, participants completed an HIV-risk screener. After, we asked participants about the HIV prevention counseling they received and how clinics could share information about PrEP. We performed descriptive analyses on demographics, HIV risk, and PrEP awareness/interest, and conducted thematic analysis on open-ended responses. Results Only 18% knew about PrEP before the study; 28% of 376 sexually-active women had≥1 risk indicator consistent with PrEP eligibility. Three hundred forty seven women (69%) shared suggestions about how clinics should share PrEP information. We categorized suggestions into 4 themes - Advertising, Conversations, Awareness and Access. Participants (n=150) suggested clinics should advertise PrEP via brochures, posters, texts, or emails; 134 wanted providers to talk to patients about PrEP. Several (n=71) suggested sharing PrEP information broadly in the community and with other clinics/providers; others (n=11) wanted improved access to PrEP services. Conclusions Our results demonstrate overwhelming patient interest in learning more about PrEP through educational materials and directly from FP providers. Women were vocal about increasing PrEP awareness in the community, particularly among populations especially at risk for HIV (e.g., teens). These suggestions can be translated into actionable steps FP clinics can take to increase PrEP awareness and expand their reach to benefit women at risk for HIV. Implications High HIV rates among women in the South make it imperative to increase awareness of PrEP among women. Atlanta women seeking care in FP clinics valued learning about PrEP and recommended feasible strategies for disseminating information about PrEP in community settings, the clinic or during patient-provider discussion.
Winning Through Deception: A Pedagogical Case Study on Using Social Deception Games to Teach Small Group Communication Theory:

Social deception games are games that involve players adopting roles and teams that are not known to all players of the game. One of the components of these types of games is deceiving other player...
In vitro assessment of the long-term stability of the inhibitory effects of canine and feline plasma on MMP 2 and 9.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of increasing storage time on the inhibitory effects of canine and feline plasma on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 in vitro. Methods Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activity in the presence of canine plasma stored for 57, 155, 222, 316, 367, and 438 days, and feline plasma stored for 17, 198, 565, and 954 days was assayed using a commercially available colorimetric assay kit. Results For canine plasma, the MMP 2 activity for older samples was not significantly different than the 57-day sample (P = 0.2025-0.9033). Two canine samples had significantly lower MMP 9 activity than the 57-day sample (367 days: P = 0.0099, 438 days: P = 0.0348, others P = 0.0778-0.9928). For feline plasma, storage time did not significantly affect inhibition of MMP 2 and MMP 9 activity (ANOVA, P = 0.2688 and P = 0.2404, respectively). Conclusions Increasing storage time does not significantly decrease the inhibiting activity of plasma on MMP 2 and 9 for up to 14 months in dogs and 31 months in cats.
Mining Students Pre-instruction Beliefs for Improved Learning

In principle, learning can be increased by assessing the detailed state of student knowledge and mistaken knowledge with a pre-test and then optimizing instruction as measured by the post-test score. As a first step in this direction, we applied a Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) to 17,000 pre-instruction administrations of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) to study students' initial knowledge in detail. Examination of Item Response Curves (IRCs) showed that even students scoring below chance are not randomly guessing, but instead preferentially select only one or two distractors. Two dimensional IRT applied to the entire set of 150 possible responses, rather than applied dichotomously to the thirty questions, revealed two skill dimensions of comparable variance. Perpendicular directions were identified within this space corresponding to Newtonian ability and propensity to select responses whose IRC's have a maximum at intermediate Newtonian ability rather than at the top of bottom of this dimension. These intermediate responses corresponded to known pre-Newtonian ideas, particularly the Medieval concept of impetus. The ability to measure the detailed misconceptions of individual students or classes will allow development and application of instructional interventions for such specific misunderstandings, which are typically unchanged by traditional instruction.
Validation of the "CHIIDA" and application for PICU triage in children with complicated mild traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Background The Children's Intracranial Injury Decision Aid (CHIIDA) was developed to predict which patients with complicated mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI; GCS ≥ 13 with depressed skull fracture or intracranial injury) would achieve the composite outcome of neurosurgical intervention, intubation > 24 h, or death. The study also explored the CHIIDA as a triage tool to determine need for PICU care. The purpose of this study is to externally validate the CHIIDA and assess its effects on PICU triage. Methods Retrospective cohort study (January 2016 to December 2017) to validate the CHIIDA to predict the composite outcome and assess its effects as a PICU triage tool at a level 1 pediatric trauma center. Results Of 345 patients with cmTBI, the composite outcome occurred in 16 patients (4.6%). At a cutoff score of 2, the CHIIDA predicted the composite outcome with a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 67–99%) and specificity of 69% (95% CI 64–74%), similar to the original study. Using the same cutoff score for PICU triage resulted in 48 (71%) more patients admitted to PICU. Conclusions In our cohort, the CHIIDA predicted the composite outcome well. If applied as a triage tool, it would have resulted in increased unnecessary PICU admissions. Level of Evidence Level III, prognosis
Clinical Application of Stem/Stromal Cells in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive life-threatening disease that is significantly increasing in prevalence and is predicted to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. At present, there are no true curative treatments that can stop the progression of the disease, and new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Advances in cell-based therapies provide a platform for the development of new therapeutic approaches in severe lung diseases such as COPD. At present, a lot of focus is on mesenchymal stem (stromal) cell (MSC)-based therapies, mainly due to their immunomodulatory properties. Despite increasing number of preclinical studies demonstrating that systemic MSC administration can prevent or treat experimental COPD and emphysema, clinical studies have not been able to reproduce the preclinical results and to date no efficacy or significantly improved lung function or quality of life has been observed in COPD patients. Importantly, the completed appropriately conducted clinical trials uniformly demonstrate that MSC treatment in COPD patients is well tolerated and no toxicities have been observed. All clinical trials performed so far, have been phase I/II studies, underpowered for the detection of potential efficacy. There are several challenges ahead for this field such as standardized isolation and culture procedures to obtain a cell product with high quality and reproducibility, administration strategies, improvement of methods to measure outcomes, and development of potency assays. Moreover, COPD is a complex pathology with a diverse spectrum of clinical phenotypes, and therefore it is essential to develop methods to select the subpopulation of patients that is most likely to potentially respond to MSC administration. In this chapter, we will discuss the current state of the art of MSC-based cell therapy for COPD and the hurdles that need to be overcome.
Vortex phase diagram of rotating superfluid He 3 − B

We present a theoretical calculation of the pressure-temperature-field phase diagram for the vortex phases of rotating superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{B}$. Based on a strong-coupling Ginzburg-Landau functional that accounts for the relative stability of the bulk A and B phases of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at all pressures, we report calculations for the internal structure and free energies of distinct broken-symmetry vortices in rotating superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{B}$. Theoretical results for the equilibrium vortex phase diagram in zero field and an external field of $H=284\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{G}$ parallel to the rotation axis, $\mathbf{H}\ensuremath{\parallel}\mathbit{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$, are reported, as well as the supercooling transition line, ${T}_{\text{V}}^{*}(p,H)$. In zero field the vortex phases of $^{3}\mathrm{He}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{B}$ are separated by a first-order phase transition line ${T}_{\text{V}}(p)$ that terminates on the bulk critical line ${T}_{c}(p)$ at a triple point. The low-pressure, low-temperature phase is characterized by an array of singly quantized vortices that spontaneously breaks axial rotation symmetry, exhibits anisotropic vortex currents and an axial current anomaly (D-core phase). The high-pressure, high-temperature phase is characterized by vortices with both bulk A phase and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase in their cores (A-core phase). We show that this phase is metastable and supercools down to a minimum temperature, ${T}_{\text{V}}^{*}(p,H)$, below which it is globally unstable to an array of D-core vortices. For $H\ensuremath{\gtrsim}60\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{G}$ external magnetic fields aligned along the axis of rotation increase the region of stability of the A-core phase of rotating $^{3}\mathrm{He}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{B}$, opening a window of stability down to low pressures. These results are compared with the experimentally reported phase transitions in rotating $^{3}\mathrm{He}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{B}$.
Corrosion Susceptibility of Cr–Mo Steels and Ferritic Stainless Steels in Biomass-Derived Pyrolysis Oil Constituents

To better understand and evaluate the corrosion performance of candidate structural steels and ferritic stainless steels for production, transport, and storage of biomass pyrolysis oils, corrosion ...
On Threshold Selection for Improved SAR Two-Stage Change Detection

The sample intensity ratio estimator and the sample coherence estimator are test statistics which are generally used for detecting areas of change between two synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the same scene, taken at different times. Cha et al. have proposed a two-stage change detection method, where the first stage consists of the sample intensity ratio detector, and the second stage uses the Berger's statistic instead of the classical coherence estimator as an estimate of the true coherence between the corresponding pixels in the two images. It was shown with the help of experimental results that the two-stage change detector performs better than the sample intensity ratio as well as the sample coherence detector. However, they have used a heuristic approach to determine the thresholds for the two-stage change detection method. In this paper, using the joint distribution of the sample intensity ratio and the Berger's coherence estimate, an approach for determining the thresholds for this two dimensional detection problem is proposed. Theoretical receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis suggests that for a given probability of false alarm, using the proposed threshold selection method for the two-stage detector yields a higher overall performance as compared to the classical coherence estimator statistic. Also, it is shown that when some practical considerations are taken into account, a modified detector must be used in order to realize this improved change detection.
The personal and professional impact of COVID-19 on orthopedic surgery trainees: reflections from an incoming intern, current intern, and chief resident.

On December 31, 2019, Chinese health officials reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office (World Health Organization 2020) growing concern regarding an increasing number of case...
A multi-objective optimization approach for climate-adaptive building envelope design using parametric behavior maps

Abstract This research presents a multi-objective optimization (MOO) framework to support the climate-adaptive building envelope (CABE) design decisionmaking process using a parametric behavior map (PBM). Unlike static shading, CABE systems include dynamic operations that significantly affect their performance; thus, well-informed strategies for scheduling dynamic operations should be integrated to analyze CABE performance. In this study, two conflicting objectives were pursued: minimizing cooling load and maximizing daylighting performance during the summer season in a hot and humid climate (Houston, Texas). Variables in the CABE performance optimization process were defined as dynamic operation schedules having either parametric linear or non-linear relationships between the degree of openness of the CABE model and certain weather stimuli (i.e., solar radiation). Two CABE models were tested with the PBM by integrating a parametric non-linear function that efficiently conducted the optimization process in a large search space. The outcomes of this optimization study included Pareto-front solutions such as optimal CABE performance and their dynamic operation scenarios. These optimal operation scenarios were determined based on the CABE design options available and user's desired objectives; in some cases, static scenarios were found to be superior. Ultimately, combining PBM with a MOO framework will contribute to the field of performance-based CABE design by supporting architects and engineers and facilitating better decisions through well-informed dynamic operation scenarios.
Towards Constructing One-Particle Representations of the Deformed Poincaré Algebra

We give a method for obtaining states of massive particle representations of the two-parameter deformation of the Poincare algebra proposed in Refs. 1–3. We discuss four procedures to generate eigenstates of a complete set of commuting operators starting from the rest state. One result of this work is the fact that upon deforming to the quantum Poincare algebra, the rest state is split into an infinite number of states. Another result is that the energy spectrum of these states is discrete. Some curious residual degeneracy remains: there are states constructed by applying different operators to the rest state which nevertheless are indistinguishable by eigenvalues of all the observables in the algebra.
Carlo De Benedetti: Another Point of View

This case details the life and business of Carlo de Benedetti, a European businessman. Excerpt UVA-E-0091 CARLO de BENEDETTI: ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW SWAT Leslie completed first read. As a former business journalist of a French magazine, the equivalent of Business Week, I covered the high tech industry. Carlo de Benedetti was among the people with whom I met and often spoke. Through the years, I followed his company (among others) quite often. Like all people who try to “manipulate” the media to serve their purpose, Benedetti stuck to a very strict communication policy. In France, where he was targeting individual share buyers, it was very important for him to speak to a broader audience rather than just the business community. As a result, Benedetti reserved his interviews for news magazines rather than business publications—even the news journalists had a tough time getting an appointment with him. Martine Leventer, whose article in Le Point (the equivalent of Newsweek) is quoted in this case, told me it took two years to achieve her goal of interviewing Benedetti. Due to his policy, I never formally interviewed him. I only met him on the occasion of numerous press conferences, during which I was fortunate to have small conversations with him. Some people considered my knowledge of his company sufficient enough to participate in writing a book about his fascinating personality. The project never took off. One of the publishers we contacted was about to release a French translation of an Italian book about Benedetti. There was, obviously, no room in the market for two books about the man. Developing a personal understanding of Benedetti's actions as a businessman as well as his style were the most interesting aspects of my coverage of Benedetti's company. To understand his strategy, one must understand his conception of business. He really thought a CEO could not be effective unless he took personal risks. This is the reason why he always invested all of his money in the companies with which he was involved. Such was the case with Fiat as well as with Olivetti. . . .
Neurobeachin, a promising target for use in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

Hazardous, heavy drinking increases risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD), which affects ~7% of adult Americans. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms promoting risk for heavy drinking is essential to developing more effective AUD pharmacotherapies than those currently approved by the FDA. Using genome-wide bisulfate sequencing, we identified DNA methylation (DNAm) signals within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) that differentiate nonheavy and heavy ethanol-drinking rhesus macaques. One differentially DNAm region (D-DMR) located within the gene neurobeachin (NBEA), which promotes synaptic membrane protein trafficking, was hypermethylated in heavy drinking macaques. A parallel study identified a similar NBEA D-DMR in human NAcC that distinguished alcoholic and nonalcoholic individuals. To investigate the role of NBEA in heavy ethanol drinking, we engineered a viral vector carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to reduce the expression of NBEA. Using two murine models of ethanol consumption: 4 days of drinking-in-the-dark and 4 weeks of chronic intermittent access, the knockdown of NBEA expression did not alter average ethanol consumption in either model. However, it did lead to a significant increase in the ethanol preference ratio. Following withdrawal, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiological experiments revealed that Nbea knockdown led to an increase in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude with no alteration in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, suggesting a specific role of NBEA in trafficking of glutamatergic receptors. Together, our findings suggest that NBEA could be targeted to modulate the preference for alcohol use.
Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers of Adverse Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction

Approximately every minute, someone will die from a myocardial infarction (MI). A MI is the result of an obstruction of blood supply causing the heart to undergo complex structural and functional changes in the left ventricular wall, known as ventricular remodeling. Cardiomyocytes undergo necrosis rapidly after the onset of injury, leading to early accumulation of neutrophils, activation of metalloproteinases, and degradation of the stromal tissue, eventually leading to formation of a collagen scar. Circulating factors related to inflammatory and fibrotic responses are key predictors of extracellular matrix (ECM) changes that occur after MI. Changes in the collagen network of the ECM can alter myocardial stiffness, consequently leading to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and LV dysfunction. Proteins and peptides of the ECM are promising biomarkers for MI. This book chapter provides an overview of key ECM biomarkers involved in adverse remodeling post-MI and their practical applications.
Wt1 and β-catenin cooperatively regulate diaphragm development in the mouse

The developing diaphragm consists of various differentiating cell types, many of which are not well characterized during organogenesis. One important but incompletely understood tissue, the diaphragmatic mesothelium, is distinctively present from early stages of development. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) occurs in humans when diaphragm tissue is lost during development, resulting in high morbidity and mortality postnatally. We utilized a Wilms Tumor 1 (Wt1) mutant mouse model to investigate the involvement of the mesothelium in normal diaphragm signaling and development. Additionally, we developed and characterized a Wt1(CreERT2)-driven β-catenin loss-of-function model of CDH after finding that canonical Wnt signaling and β-catenin are reduced in Wt1 mutant mesothelium. Mice with β-catenin loss or constitutive activation induced in the Wt1 lineage are only affected when tamoxifen injection occurs between E10.5 and E11.5, revealing a critical time-frame for Wt1/ β-catenin activity. Conditional β-catenin loss phenocopies the Wt1 mutant diaphragm defect, while constitutive activation of β-catenin on the Wt1 mutant background is sufficient to close the diaphragm defect. Proliferation and apoptosis are affected, but primarily these genetic manipulations appear to lead to a change in normal diaphragm differentiation. Our data suggest a fundamental role for mesothelial signaling in proper formation of the diaphragm.
Interactivity and Non-Linearity: What do They Really Mean?

There is tremendous confusion regarding the terms interactivity and non-linearity as they relate to digital media. My aspiration today is to tackle this subject head-on and hopefully clarify what these terms mean, the significance of each term, and how we should view these dynamics within the entertainment technology industry.
Analysis of nucleic acid derivatives at the subnanomole level. 3. A tritium labeling procedure for quantitative analysis of ribose derivatives.

Abstract Mixtures of ribonucleosides are quantitatively analyzed by a procedure involving the following steps: 1. (1) Oxidation with sodium metaperiodate. 2. (2) Reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride. 3. (3) Thin-layer chromatography on cellulose. 4. (4) Elution of labeled nucleoside trialcohol derivatives and quantitative evaluation by liquid scintillation counting. The method is over 1000-fold more sensitive than the conventional optical techniques. Ribopolynucleotides are analyzed by the labeling technique after appropriate enzymic digestion. In the course of this investigation the molar absorptivity ( e 260 ) of guanosine, measured in 0.02 M Tris-hydrochloride buffer, pH 7.4, was determined to be 12.5 × 10 3 M −1 cm −1 .
Computing hardware for the PBX-M Plasma Control System

This paper describes architectural and performance aspects of the digital computer control system used for the PBX-M Plasma Control System (PPCS). The goal of the PPCS is to achieve integrated and improved plasma control. Integration consists of replacing control functions presently served by several analog systems with a realtime digital control system. The inherently dynamic control capabilities of a high performance digital system foster exploration of advanced plasma control concepts to serve future tokamaks. The PPCS runs concurrent multiple feedback control loops, with input, processing, and output times ranging from 100 /spl mu/S to 10 milliseconds. The initial control loop for plasma shaping was expected to complete in approximately 300 /spl mu/S. The VME-based realtime computing hardware is described. In addition, measurements of the system's performance such as data i/o rates and computing performance are shown. The information presented herein covers the results of the computer system's design, configuration, and laboratory testing. Actual plasma control has not been accomplished to date.
RecA protein and SOS: correlation of mutagenesis phenotype with binding of mutant RecA proteins to duplex DNA and LexA cleavage

The RecA protein of Escherichia coli is required for SOS-induced mutagenesis in addition to its recombinational and regulatory roles. We have suggested that RecA might participate directly in targeted mutagenesis by binding preferentially to the site of the DNA damage (e.g. pyrimidine dimer) because of its partially unwound nature; DNA polymerase III will then encounter RecA-coated DNA at the lesion and might replicate across the damaged site more often but with reduced fidelity. In support of this proposal, we have found that the phenotype of wild-type and mutant RecA for mutagenesis correlates with capacity to bind to double-stranded DNA. Wild-type RecA binds more efficiently to ultraviolet (u.v.)-irradiated, duplex DNA than to non-irradiated DNA. The RecA441 (Tif) protein that is constitutive for mutagenesis binds extremely well to double-stranded DNA with no lesions, whereas the RecA430 protein that is defective in mutagenesis binds poorly even to u.v.-irradiated DNA. The RecA phenotype also correlates with capacity to use duplex DNA as a cofactor for cleavage of the LexA repressor protein for SOS-controlled operons. Wild-type RecA provides efficient cleavage of LexA only with u.v.-irradiated duplex DNA; RecA441 cleaves well with non-irradiated DNA; RecA430 gives very poor cleavage even with u.v.-irradiated DNA. We conclude that the interaction of RecA with damaged double-stranded DNA is likely to be a critical component of SOS mutagenesis and to define a pathway for the LexA cleavage reaction as well.
Decoding sequential versus nonsequential two-photon double ionization of helium using nuclear recoil

Above $54.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, two-photon double ionization of helium is dominated by a sequential absorption process, producing characteristic behavior in the single and triple differential cross sections. We show that the signature of this process is visible in the nuclear recoil cross section, integrated over all energy sharings of the ejected electrons, even below the threshold for the sequential process. Since nuclear recoil momentum imaging does not require coincident photoelectron measurement, the predicted images present a viable target for future experiments with new short-pulse vacuum ultraviolet (vuv) and soft x-ray sources.
Equidynamics and reliable reasoning about frequencies

Strevens’ Tychomancy is an important book for philosophers and historians of science, and for scientists interested in the processes by which we reason about probabilities and frequencies, or interested in the evolution of our ability to do so. Strevens notes that we often have very good intuitions about probability and frequencies in physical processes, and asks how and why that is so. He describes several closely related reasoning strategies that would justify such intuitions. These “equidynamic” (xi) reasoning strategies1 can be used to infer, beginning from relatively minimal assumptions, conclusions about frequencies of outcomes of physical processes involving complex interactions. Strevens illustrates the strategies by applying them to examples such as Maxwell’s derivation of an equilibrium probability distribution over states of a gas, physical games of chance and similar systems, and organisms interacting in evolving populations. Strevens argues that we routinely engage in these reasoning strategies, largely through unconscious processes that are in some sense innate.