cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduction of seed motion using a bio-absorbable polymer coating during permanent prostate brachytherapy using a mick applicator technique

PURPOSE The addition of a braided bio-absorbable vicryl coating to the surface of radioactive seeds used for low dose rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy is intended to reduce the incidence of seed movement and migration. Here, we present a single-institution study of the frequency and severity of seed slippage (initial seed movement) of coated seeds in comparison with uncoated seeds. METHODS Forty-seven patients received permanent prostate brachytherapy, with either coated (n = 26) or uncoated (n = 21) seeds. AgX100 125 I seeds, coated or uncoated, and uncoated Model 200 103 Pd seeds were used. During the ultrasound-guided implantation procedure, each implanted seed was categorized as having remained in the implanted position after being placed, having moved slightly, or having left the ultrasound field of view. RESULTS 3.1% of the coated seeds (AgX100 seeds, n = 70) and 6.9% of the uncoated seeds (AgX100 and Model 200 seeds, n = 128) were observed to have moved at least 2 mm from their initial implant positions, respectively. The difference in incidence of this movement was 54.4% (P = 0.0026). Coated AgX100 seeds demonstrated a 66.7% lower rate of movement of at least 2 mm than that for uncoated AgX100 seeds (P = 0.038), and a 49.0% lower rate than that for Model 200 seeds (P = 0.021). While no significant differences were noted in prescription dose coverage of the prostate or the studied dosimetric parameters for the organs at risk between the coated and uncoated seeds (P > 0.05) in the CT-based Day-0 postoperative plans, the limited sample size and differences in energies between the 125 I and 103 Pd seeds make further analysis of postoperative dosimetric coverage difficult without additional data directly comparing the coated and uncoated 125 I seeds. CONCLUSION When the vicryl coating is used, seeds have a significantly lower propensity to slip from their initial implant locations. This may help maintain dosimetric integrity, warranting further study of postoperative dosimetry.
Nurses’ perspectives on the impact of management approaches on the blame culture in health-care organizations

The study aimed at assessing nurses’ perspectives on the impact of management approach on blame culture in health care organizations. The research questions that guided the study included the evalu...
The association between racism and high blood pressure among African Americans

National attention is currently being directed toward assessing the association between racism as a stressor and high blood pressure (HBP) among African Americans. Within this context, however, very little research is designed to elucidate the viewpoints of African Americans with HBP on this topic area. The purpose of this article is to explore, critique, and elaborate upon the study of racism as it relates to HBP research. The first portion of this paper reviews the existing literature in this field. Limitations of the current research are outlined. Insights gained as 30 African Americans with HBP talked about racism as a stressor and how it affected their health are subsequently highlighted. Lastly, suggestions for future studies on racism and HBP are postulated.
Some Controversial Aspects of Electronic and Magnetic Interactions in the Amorphous Metallic State

In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to the study of electrical and magnetic properties of amorphous metallic alloys. Several important aspects of this field are still the subject of much controversy. The purpose of this article is to critically review the status of one such controversial problem, i.e. the origin of the resistance minimum phenomenon.
Serologic Specificity of Human Anti-IgA and its Significance in Transfusion

Anti-IgA antibodies detected by a passive hemagglutination assay are either specific for the IgA class or they are of limited specificity. Persons lacking IgA can produce class-specific anti-IgA as a result of parenteral exposure to incompatible IgA globulin in blood and its components. In contrast, persons with normal levels of IgA may produce anti-IgA of limited specificity. Either type of anti-IgA antibodies was present in 86 per cent of anaphylactoid and urticarial transfusion reactions. A majority of these antibodies are of the IgG class.
An intervention study to reduce black-white treatment disparities in early stage non-small cell lung cancer.

6560Background: Racial disparities in the treatment of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) continue to exist leading to poorer outcomes in African-Americans (AA) compared to Caucasians (C). Our previous ...
Social Networking Site Password Sharing and Account Monitoring as Online Surveillance

Abstract Although suggested in previous research, password sharing as a form of online surveillance has yet to be empirically established. This study examines whether social networking site (SNS) p...
Bullying Among Middle School Students with Disabilities

This investigation examined the association between bully victimization and willingness to intervene in bullying situations among students with and without disabilities. Through the use of self-report surveys, middle school students ( n = 1005) participated in the study. The majority of students with disabilities reported having a Specific Learning Disability, and the sample included 49% male students and 44% Caucasian students. Results indicated that there was no significant effect for disability status on willingness to intervene; however, students who were bullied were more willing to intervene compared to youth with low rates of victimization. Students with disabilities who were victimized at high rates reported greater willingness to intervene in bullying situations compared to students with disabilities who reported lower rates of victimization and students without disabilities. These findings suggest that students with disabilities play a critical role in supporting other students who are being victimized by intervening to help them.
"Half the dsylipidemia of insulin resistance" is the dyslipidemia [corrected] of insulin-resistant Blacks.

Even though the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance is characterized by increased triglyceride (TG) and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, insulin-resistant Blacks usually have normal TG levels.1,2 Therefore, the universality of the concept of the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance needs re-examination. Overall, a lack of appreciation of the absence of hypertriglyceridemia in insulin-resistant Blacks has lead to the development of health screening programs that are not optimally effective in Blacks. For example, paradigms used to identify individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) often require that TG be elevated.3 Therefore, these programs often lead to the under-diagnosis of risk of T2DM and CVD in Blacks.4 As the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance, particularly elevated TG, is part of many screening programs,3,5–13 we need to critically review the effectiveness of these programs in Blacks. The observation that Blacks often have only “half the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance” (ie, normal TG and low HDL-C levels) challenges established dogma that in the presence of insulin resistance, increased TG and low HDL-C are a couplet.14 To understand the physiology of insulin resistance, pathways that allow “half the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance” to occur in Blacks must be explored. In this commentary, syndromes that emphasize elevated TG to predict risk for T2DM and CVD are identified and their effectiveness in Black populations examined. Then pathways that could account for the finding of “half the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance” in Blacks are described.
Introduction: Mapping the Desert, Mapping Identity in Late Antiquity

This chapter introduces the work, specifically why studying the desert in hagiography is of value for studying the history of Christianity. It explores recent scholarship on the genre of literature known as saints’ lives—or Christian hagiography. It also considers studies on space and identity in early and late-ancient Christianity and argues that these concepts are co-constitutive. Finally, it introduces the ancient desert as a borderland space in Anzalduan terms.
The Multilingual Reality: Living with Languages

Mohanty’s (2019) book, The Multilingual Reality, unpacks, as renowned linguist E. Annamalai notes in the Afterword, how ‘Multilingualism itself is minoritised’ (214) within society. The book opens ...
Liminality: Daremo shiranai/Nobody Knows, 2004

In Nobody Knows (Daremo shiranai, 2004), Kore-eda Hirokazu takes a sensational news story and imagines its depths. While inspired by current sociopolitical problems in Japan (and elsewhere), the film also reminds us of the resilience, and the vulnerability, of children.
13 – The Future

Publisher Summary Looking into the future is as important as any task faced in professional life. It meets several critical needs for the growth of the professional and of the profession. The accuracy of predictions is approximately logarithmically related to the time span for which the prediction is made. The further into the future the prediction is made, the less likely it is to be accurate. However, even if the predictions are not particularly accurate, the exercise is a healthy one. Looking into the future also forces the professional to consider what is happening in other disciplines. Two major forces that shapes the society at present and which will continue to be dominant influences in the future are the telephone and the television. Telephones and television altered the primary means by which information was transmitted in the society. This chapter discusses the preparation for the future is an individual matter. Some clinicians are affected more and some less. A few focus their energies on the opportunities with computers and make it central to their careers. Most incorporate it as just another tool which helps them become better professionals. The end result is professionals who can more efficiently provide better services to more people and for a professional, that is the bottom line.
History and radiographic findings as predictors for esophageal coins versus button batteries.

Abstract Objective To determine if clinical history and radiographic findings are reliable predictors for coin versus button battery in children presenting with esophageal foreign bodies to accurately guide decision making regarding the urgency of removal. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted in a single pediatric tertiary care center of all children who presented with suspected coin or button battery esophageal foreign body ingestion from 2017 to 2019. Patients with documented surgical removal, completed consultation notes, and available radiographic studies were included. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and predictive characteristics of the diagnostic tests were calculated. Results 139 patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Of 5 patients who had esophageal button batteries removed, clinical history was concerning for button battery in 2; accuracy of 12.35%. However, radiology reports suggested a battery in all 5. The negative predictive value for radiology alone for diagnosis of button battery was 97% with 81% accuracy. The clinical history for coin foreign body was accurate in 85.28% while radiography was 87% accurate. Wait time on average for all coin foreign body cases was 6.3 h. Day cases waited on average 5.5 h while after-hours cases waited a statistically significantly longer 7.5 h (p = 0.006). Conclusion Button batteries, while clinically important emergencies, are rare esophageal ingestions. Radiography has a strong negative predictive value for button battery. Children whose radiographic studies do not demonstrate concern for button battery could be considered for delayed elective removal. This could allow children to complete a period of observation at home, thereby reducing prolonged in-house wait times prior to operative removal.
Least Squares Estimation and ANOVA for Partitioned Models

In the previous chapter, we alluded to the fact that we will eventually use the overall ANOVA to judge whether the variables comprising the model matrix X are, as a whole, important in “explaining” the variation in the elements of y. Often we want to also make this same kind of judgment about groups of explanatory variables or even individual variables. For this and other reasons, we consider in this chapter how the model sum of squares in the overall ANOVA may be partitioned into sums of squares that correspond to the explanatory value of groups of, or individual, variables. We also consider a partition of the residual sum of squares that is possible when multiple observations are taken at one or more combinations of values of the explanatory variables.
Surveillance and Monitoring Techniques for HPV-Related Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Circulating Tumor DNA

Human papilloma virus (HPV) related head and neck cancer is rising in prevalence, preferentially affecting young patients and imparting long term toxicities. Despite this, there are no screening tests or clinical biomarkers for treatment monitoring. HPV circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) represents a novel circulating biomarker which may provide real-time assessment of tumor response to therapy and recurrence. Early work suggests the promise of this assay as a predictive biomarker in numerous clinical settings, namely risk of recurrence after chemoradiation in locally advanced disease. Advancement of these findings to the clinic will require a collaborative effort in the field, including technical harmonization of assay testing characteristics, understanding of the normal kinetics in patients being treated with standard of care therapies, and appropriately designed phase III trials prior to implementation in the clinic. If successful, HPV ctDNA has the potential to revolutionize clinical trial treatment paradigms and transform patient care.
Wrist and tendon dynamics as contributory risk factors in work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Research Articles

Many studies have shown that repetitive wrist motion is a major risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Specific contributory factors include wrist and tendon dynamics. The authors present recent methodological advances, epidemiological studies, and biomechanical models estimating the effects of wrist dynamics on internal tendon force as a theoretical basis for the risk of incurring a WMSD. These biomechanical models utilize either the reduction method or the optimization method to solve the indeterminate problem resulting from too many internal variables. Generally, the optimization methods show the best agreement with direct in vivo tendon force studies. For the models of pinch grips, the average ratio of tendon forces to external forces ranges from 1.8 to 3.5, while for direct tendon measurements, the ratio ranges from 1.73 to 7.92. Similarly, high contributions of flexor tendons for pinches and grasps are found in both the models and direct tendon measurements. These high tendon forces combined with wrist dynamics may be a significant factor in the development of WMSDs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 83–105, 2006.
Optimal Design of Plane Frames

This paper presents an application of state space optimization techniques to the optimal design of plane steel frames. AISC Code requirements are imposed, along with displacement, natural frequency, and member size constraints. A general structural design problem is defined and is then specialized to the case of plane frames. Results for three example problems are obtained with a computer program developed for the purpose. Results are compared with solutions available in the literature. New results are presented for cases in which multiple failure modes are imposed on the structure.
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

The primary task was to investigate and explain the source of blockage in an elbow (B2) and in other parts of the fuel supply unit recovered from the wreckage of a private airplane. A small clump of pollen associated with a disc-shaped gummy mass of plant fibers suggested that bees belonging to the family Megachilidae might have been responsible for accumulating these plant materials. Examination of other parts of the fuel control unit revealed three dead adult bees identified as Osmia gaudiosa Cockerell (Megachilidae) and a single dead individual of the genus Ashmeadiella (Megachilidae). A survey of the tubing of a heater that had been stored showed that 69% of its tubings and fittings contained nest material and other arthropod debris including those of Ashmeadiella meliloti (Cockerell) and Anthidium sp. (Megachilidae). Through SEM examination, a single branched hair partly embedded in the clump of pollen was matched with the postgenal hairs of an adult Ashmeadiella. These facts left no doubt that the B2 elbow mass was part of a nest of Ashmeadiella. This conclusion was consistent with the facts that the wreckage had been available to the bees for nesting during the entire time of the spring and summer nesting season, and that the plant materials (leaves of Sphaeralcea and pollen sources) were readily available near the storage yard during that time. Contamination of the wreckage by nesting bees was obviously a post-crash phenomenon. Plant materials as well as dead bees would have been consumed by the intense fire that accompanied the crash if they had been present before.
Triage, initial assessment, and early treatment of the pediatric trauma patient.

One of the greatest challenges in modern medicine has been to coalesce the advances of the last 20 years into regionalized systems of care for the victims of traumatic injury. That there is a need for such a systematic approach is currently well documented by studies that indicate that outcome is improved when patients are cared for in an organized system. This is especially true of the injured pediatric patient who demands specific consideration.
Headspace quantification of pure and aqueous solutions of binary mixtures of key volatile organic compounds in Swiss cheeses using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry

RATIONALE Twelve volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have recently been identified as key compounds in Swiss cheese with split defects. It is important to know how these VOCs interact in binary mixtures and if their behavior changes with concentration in binary mixtures. METHODS Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) was used for the headspace analysis of VOCs commonly found in Swiss cheeses. Headspace (H/S) sampling and quantification checks using SIFT-MS and further linear regression analyses were carried out on twelve selected aqueous solutions of VOCs. Five binary mixtures of standard solutions of VOCs were also prepared and the H/S profile of each mixture was analyzed. RESULTS A very good fit of linearity for the twelve VOCs (95% confidence level) confirms direct proportionality between the H/S and the aqueous concentration of the standard solutions. Henry's Law coefficients were calculated with a high degree of confidence. SIFT-MS analysis of five binary mixtures showed that the more polar compounds reduced the H/S concentration of the less polar compounds, while the addition of a less polar compound increased the H/S concentration of the more polar compound. CONCLUSIONS In the binary experiment, it was shown that the behavior of a compound in the headspace can be significantly affected by the presence of another compound. Thus, the matrix effect plays a significant role in the behavior of molecules in a mixed solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La Nueva Política Evangélica: El Movimiento Evangélico y El Complot Católico en La Argentina

El articulo examina el uso, por lideres evangelicos argentinos, de una teoria de conspiracion catolica contra el movimiento evangelico. El marco interpretativo de la conspiracion trae una fuerte resonancia cultural en la Argentina y, demostramos, ha servido para mobilizar a pastores y miembros laicos a niveles de accion politica no anticipados. Utilizando datos del periodico evangelico El Puente, vemos que la idea del complot anti-evangelico aparece en las paginas del periodico en momentos de alta actividad politica por los lideres del movimiento evangelico. Estos datos sugieren la importancia de investigacion sobre el tema cultural del complot y, tambien, sobre los mecanismos que emplean lideres religiosos para mobilizar accion politica de la base.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immune dysfunction: induction of and recovery from T-cell anergy in acutely infected mice

Acute infection of immunocompetent mice by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induces a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response that eliminates infectious virus. Concurrently and paradoxically, there is a general suppression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens and to other infectious agents. Splenocytes from infected mice released significant amounts of gamma interferon in response to mitogenic stimulation in vitro, but neither interleukin 2 nor interleukin 4 was similarly elevated relative to the amounts released by control cells. Early T-cell receptor-proximal signaling events were found to be intact, confirming that the cells were viable and had received the mitogenic stimuli in an appropriate manner. Acutely infected adult thymectomized mice regained concanavalin A responsiveness in parallel with euthymic mice, if T cells were left unmanipulated for several weeks after clearance of virus from the mice. Therefore, although acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection has the effect of disrupting proliferation when the T-cell receptor is ligated, this state is only temporary. In contrast, T cells from persistently infected adult mice reveal long-lasting alterations in concanavalin A responsiveness.
The Pragmatic Passion of Stephen Breyer

Now in his twelfth year as a Supreme Court Justice, Stephen Breyer has written an important book, Active Liberty,' which crystallizes a fundamental set of beliefs about the American Constitution and his role as a Justice. Taking Active Liberty as the entry point, this piece places Breyer's book in the wider context of his judicial opinions and activities as a Justice and, as such, seeks to provide a preliminary sketch of Breyer's distinctive place in American law today.
Interface strength, work of adhesion and plasticity in the peel test

A cohesive zone model is proposed and analyzed for steady-state peeling of a thin rate-independent, elastic-plastic film bonded to an elastic substrate. A traction-separation description of the interface is embedded within continuum characterizations of the film and substrate. The primary parameters characterizing the traction-separation relation are the work of adhesion and the peak separation stress, termed the interface strength. The objective of the study is the determination of the relationship of the peel force to the work of adhesion of the interface and its strength, with due regard for plastic deformation in the film. An example of an elastic film peeled from an elastic-plastic substrate is also presented.
Esophagoglottal closure reflex: A mechanism of airway protection

Abrupt esophageal distention occurs commonly during gastroesophageal reflux, thereby generating a circumstance favorable to esophagopharyngeal regurgitation and laryngeal aspiration of gastric refluxate. The aims of the present study were to examine the glottal response to esophageal distention by air and regional esophageal distention by a balloon. Fifteen healthy volunteers (age, 25 +/- 5 years) were studied while they were in an upright position. Using concurrent videoendoscopy and manometry, glottal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) responses to abrupt esophageal distention by air injection (10-60 mL) and balloon distention (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 cm) were recorded simultaneously. In addition, 6 subjects were studied with concurrent synchronized videofluoroscopy. Results showed that esophageal distention by air at a threshold volume of 10-60 mL caused vocal cord closure. The UES response to this threshold volume was variable. Volumes larger than the threshold value caused complete UES relaxation and belching. In addition to vocal cord closure, belching was accompanied by anterior movement of the glottis. On videofluoroscopy, the hyoid bone moved anteriorly in association with belching, but not with vocal cord closure without belching. Proximal esophageal distention by the balloon also provoked vocal cord closure. This response was less consistent for balloon distention in the middle and distal esophagus. It is concluded that (a) esophageal distention by either air or a balloon evokes a glottal closure mechanism, thereby suggesting the existence of an esophagoglottal reflex; (b) this reflex is elicited most easily by distention of the proximal esophagus; (c) glottal and UES responses to esophageal distention are independent from each other; and (d) the esophagoglottal closure reflex may play an important role in preventing laryngeal aspiration of acid due to gastroesophageal reflux accompanied by acid regurgitation into the pharynx.
β2-Microglobulin deficient mice lack CD4 − 8 + cytolytic T cells

Mice homozygous for a beta 2-microglobulin gene disruption do not express any detectable beta 2-m protein. They express little if any functional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen on the cell surface yet are fertile and apparently healthy. They show a normal distribution of gamma delta, CD4+8+ and CD4+8- T cells, but have no mature CD4-8+ T cells and are defective in CD4-8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Our results strongly support earlier evidence that MHC class I molecules are crucial for positive selection of T cell antigen receptor alpha beta+ CD4-8+ T cells in the thymus and call into question the non-immune functions that have been ascribed to MHC class I molecules.
Experience-Dependent Changes in Extracellular Spike Amplitude May Reflect Regulation of Dendritic Action Potential Back-Propagation in Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells

Activity-dependent attenuations in extracellular spike amplitude have been shown to correlate with a decrease in the effectiveness with which somatic action potentials back-propagate into the dendritic arbor of hippocampal pyramidal cells. In this paper we demonstrate that activity-dependent attenuations in amplitude occur during behavior and that the amount of attenuation is reduced with an animal's experience in an environment. The observed reductions are caused by an animal's experience within a specific environmental context, are dependent on functional NMDA receptors, and are accompanied by an increase in the effective coupling of pyramidal cells and interneurons. These results provide an important step in linking together in vivo studies with in vitro data and suggest that mechanisms of plasticity engaged during behavior may be sufficient to alter the biophysical and integrative properties of hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Neurological Assessment of the Neonate, Infant, Child, and Adolescent

Serial, consistent, and well-documented neurological assessments are the most important aspect of nursing care for the pediatric neurosurgical patient. Subtle changes in the neurological assessment may first be noted by a bedside nurse. Keen observation skills and the ability to extract information about a patient’s baseline level of neurological function from the parents or primary caregivers are essential. The nurse’s response to assessment changes is essential to the prevention of secondary neurological sequelae and other complications associated with neurological disorders [11]. These potential complications include, among others, inability to protect the airway, immobility, endocrine disorders related to central hormonal dysregulation, impaired communication, and behavioral issues [20].
Economic growth, inequality, and well-being

In advanced industrial societies, rising levels of inequality have contributed strongly to the observed gap that has emerged between per capita income and the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), which in its current versions is known as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). Yet the ISEW/GPI approach to measuring the social costs of inequality has been criticized as ad hoc. The present paper reviews the literature on this topic and efforts to resolve it based on the construction of indicators grounded in: (a) a classical utilitarian ethical framework; and (b) empirical evidence on the relationship between income and well-being. In the United States, after-tax income per capita grew at an annual rate of 1.7% between 1979 and 2011. A growth rate of 1.2% per year arises when income is adjusted to account for the social costs of inequality. The most common adjustment used in ISEW/GPI studies yields a similar growth rate despite much smaller subtractions from baseline income.
Least-squares fit of an ellipse to anisotropic polar data: Application to azimuthal resistivity surveys in karst regions☆

Abstract Polar plots of various types of anisotropic data are often approximated by ellipses and used by earth scientists as part of the interpretation process. FITELLIPSE, a code to calculate the orientation and values of the major and minor axes of a best-fit ellipse to anisotropic data, is written using Maple, a standard commercial software. A nonlinear statistical parameter is calculated to evaluate the goodness-of-fit. Application to azimuthal resistivity in karst of Indiana demonstrates the direction and degree of the anisotropy.
Cognitive speed of processing training in older adults with visual impairments

Purpose To examine whether older adults with vision impairment differentially benefit from cognitive speed of processing training (SPT) relative to healthy older adults. Methods Secondary data analyses were conducted from a randomised trial on the effects of SPT among older adults. The effects of vision impairment as indicated by (1) near visual acuity, (2) contrast sensitivity, (3) self-reported cataracts and (4) self-reported other eye conditions (e.g., glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, optic neuritis, and retinopathy) among participants randomised to either SPT or a social- and computer-contact control group was assessed. The primary outcome was Useful Field of View Test (UFOV) performance. Results Mixed repeated-measures ancovas demonstrated that those randomized to SPT experienced greater baseline to post-test improvements in UFOV performance relative to controls (p's < 0.001), regardless of impairments in near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity or presence of cataracts. Those with other eye conditions significantly benefitted from training (p = 0.044), but to a lesser degree than those without such conditions. Covariates included age and baseline measures of balance and depressive symptoms, which were significantly correlated with baseline UFOV performance. Conclusions Among a community-based sample of older adults with and without visual impairment and eye disease, the SPT intervention was effective in enhancing participants' UFOV performance. The analyses presented here indicate the potential for SPT to enhance UFOV performance among a community-based sample of older adults with visual impairment and potentially for some with self-reported eye disease; further research to explore this area is warranted, particularly to determine the effects of eye diseases on SPT benefits.
Macrolevel and Microlevel Frameworks of Experiential Learning Theory in Construction Engineering Education

The experiential learning theory is one of the best-known learning theories in education and has been explored and developed for decades through various studies in higher education. This learning method is expected to provide a significantly better learning environment for engineering subjects, such as construction techniques and design methods and alternatives, which may occur in most of the construction engineering disciplines. Nevertheless, the theory has hardly been used in construction engineering courses. In this study, the authors perform an in-depth review of the learning theory and present a case study, formwork design example, wherein the theory can be explicitly applied in construction engineering education. Research findings reveal students’ responses to the learning theory and lessons learned. Correlation analysis is conducted to explore how students’ performance in learning can be influenced by this learning theory.
Laterally Forced Equatorial Perturbations in a Linear Model. Part II: Mobile Forcing.

Abstract Impacts of atmospheric mean zonal flows on equatorial perturbations laterally forced by extratropical mobile sources in a linear model are examined. An analytical solution of the model with a constant mean zonal flow reveals that amplitudes of forced waves can be significantly modulated by the mean zonal flow through its Doppler-shift effect on the forcing frequency. In general, amplitudes of westward-propagating waves, such as the Rossby and mixed Rossby–gravity waves, tend to be larger in mean westerlies than in mean easterlies for low-frequency forcing but smaller in mean westerlies for high-frequency forcing. The opposite dependence on the mean zonal flow applies to eastward-propagating waves, such as the Kelvin wave. The model numerical solutions show that the spatial structure of the laterally forced equatorial perturbation as a whole is sensitive to the mean zonal flow. Particularly, a substantial zonal variation in the equatorial perturbation occurs when the mean zonal flow varies in long...
Thawing of frozen foods in humid air

Abstract During thawing of foods in humid air, the ambient water vapour undergoes a phase change at the food surface. The surface phenomena during thawing were formulated into a mathematical model consisting of six stages: frost formation, frost consolidation, transition, condensation, evaporation and drying. This model was coupled with another model developed for heat conduction with phase change inside food during thawing. A numerical solution scheme for the combined thawing model was formulated and a computer program was developed for implementation. A number of experiments were conducted on the thawing of Tylose slabs to compare with the predictions of the thawing model. The predictions of thawing time agreed well with the experimental results. The model was ussed to simulate the growth and decay of frost, ice and water layers on the surface of the food and also to study the effect of temperature and humidity of air, convective film heat transfer coefficient, and shape and size of food on thawing time.
THERMAL INJURY AND RECOVERY OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of mild heat treatments on the survival, injury and recovery of Succharomyces cerevisiae. Cells of S. cerevisiae strain Y-25 were grown in yeast extract-malt extract, harvested, by centrifugation, washed 2X, and suspended in 0.1M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. Cell suspensions were heated in a water bath at various temperatures and survivors were determined by plating on Plate Count Agar (PCA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) with or without acidification. The heated suspensions were stored at room temperature (20–22°C) and sampled at various periods to monitor the recovery of injured cells. Using the system described above, heat-injured cells of S. cerevisiue were not recovered when plated on PCA or PDA immediately after heating. Heat-injured cells were recovered on the plating media after storage in buffer at room temperature, but 5–7 days were required for maximum recovery. Initially, the rate of recovery on PCA was greater than on PDA; this was not attributable to the differences in pH of the media, but apparently was due to nutritional factor(s). Resting cells of S. cerevisiae did not undergo a comparable recovery when heated and stored in either water or buffer.
Referring to God

It is commonly supposed that one succeeds in referring to God only if one employs, or at least has in reserve, a description that uniquely picks out God, e.g., 'the absolutely perfect being', or 'creator of the universe'. As the above disjunction indicates, the view might be that S refers to X only if S "has" a description true only of X, or it might be, more strongly, that S refers to X only if the description S is employing to pick out a referent is true only of X. It is the latter, stronger, view we shall be concentrating on, and that I shall call "descriptivism". On this view, if the operative description is uniquely true of X then X is the referent; if it is not uniquely true of anything, then nothing has been referred to.. As against descriptivism, I shall be defending two theses. (1) There are other ways of referring, ways that do not require one to be using a description to fix the referent. I do not deny that reference can be carried out in the descriptivist way, but I do deny that it is the only way. (2) The other way I shall be describing, "direct reference", is more fundamental than descriptivist reference in a way I shall bring out. Though my particular interest is in reference to God, I believe that issue to present basically the same problems as any case of reference. Hence I shall oscillate freely between more general and more particular considerations. Again, although I believe that these issues concern singular reference carried out by any device, I shall, for the sake of focus, limit consideration to
Application of the common features of transfer RNAs to the determination of their nucleotide sequences

Abstract The sequences of the fragments produced by T1 ribonuclease digestion of tRNA 3 glu of Yeast have been reported. We have determined, with a small amount of remaining ambiguity, an assembly of these fragments that fits the observed regularities in tRNA sequences.
Modulation of the spontaneous contractions of the initial lymphatics of the bat's wing by arterial and venous occlusion.

The spontaneous contractions of the initial lymphatics of the bat’s wing were observed to be modulated by changes in local blood flow. Lymphatic pressure and frequency of contraction were measured wit
Insulin binding and degradation by human erythrocytes at physiological temperature.

When evaluated at 15 C, insulin binding to human erythrocytes is similar to that of human adipocytes fibroblasts, monocytes and placental membranes. At 37 C, however, both insulin binding and degradation by human erythrocytes have a unique character. At this temperature, by the end of the first 30 minutes, erythrocyte specific insulin binding is 3 to 4% of the total available insulin. This percentage of binding remains until the end of the first hour, then for the next four hours, increases linearly to 24%. Intact erythrocytes had negligible degradation of the free 125I-insulin but 56% of the 125I-insulin associated with the erythrocytes was degraded after five hours of incubation at 37 C. The degradation of the bound insulin was determined to be an intracellular property of erythrocytes. This degradation may be the mass action driving force responsible for the increased association of 125I-insulin observed after one hour of incubation. On the other hand, erythrocyte ghosts reached a steady state with 2% ...
Aaron burr's farewell address

(1953). Aaron burr's farewell address. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 273-282.
Developing and maintaining HIV-related websites: a view from the other side

Technology is an increasingly necessary tool for therapists to maintain a successful practice. Studies have not examined how decisions about the content and format of health-related websites are made, which may help providers direct clients to more credible online resources and provide suggestions of how to most efficiently develop a professional website. As an example, the overall aim of this study was to examine the decision-making processes of persons who manage HIV-related websites. A total of 21 managers representing 19 HIV-related websites completed a semi-structured, telephone interview to understand how decisions are made about the content and design of their websites, the purpose of their website and their educational background. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and imported into N-Vivo for analysis. Results showed that informational clearinghouse websites played a central role in developing content to place on their websites, while research and medical facilities tended to rely on...
The morphology and mechanical properties of layer structured cellulose microfibril foams from ice-templating methods

Ice-templated (IT) cellulose microfibril porous foams with unique layer structure and controllable channels were successfully fabricated via unidirectional freezing methods. The cellulose microfibril foam prepared from 1.0 wt% suspension shows a cross-linked network structure. Increasing the content of the cellulose microfibril in the suspension up to 2.75 wt% led to a gradual transition from a crosslinked network structure to a lamellar channel structure. Increasing the concentration of microfibrils in the suspension up to 8.0 wt% caused an increase of the thickness of wall and bridge degree. The wavelength of IT channel structures could be controlled from 2.8 μm to 11.2 μm by changing the temperature gradient between the ice front and the cellulose microfibril suspension. The compressive stress of IT cellulose microfibril foams increases linearly from 30.7 KPa to 360.2 KPa with increasing concentrations of cellulose microfibril suspension from 2.0 wt% up to 8.0 wt%.
SU-E-J-201: What is the Importance of Dose Recalculation for Adaptive Radiotherapy Dose Assessment?

Purpose: To quantify the effect of using the planned dose distributions in lieu of performing dose recalculations on daily in‐room images for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) dose assessment of head and neck cancer patients. Methods: 16 patients with cancers of the head and neck were treated using the TomoTherapy Hi‐Art II (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). Images of all patients were acquired prior to each treatment using the megavoltage CT (MVCT) capability of the TomoTherapy unit. Overall, images from 528 fractions were evaluated. For every image set, the delivered dose was estimated by both recalculating the dose distribution using the acquired MVCT and also by simply overlaying the planned distribution on the new images. ART dose assessment was performed using deformable image registration (DIR) to deform contours from the treatment plan to the images acquired during each fraction and to accumulate the estimated dose delivered during each fraction back to the reference treatment plan. The same DIR maps were applied to both dose estimation methods. Dosimetric endpoints were then compared between the DVHs computed using the recalculated or planned dose distributions. Results: The mean PTV D95% and D05% endpoints were 0.6±0.5% and 1.4±0.8% lower using the planned dose distributions compared to the recalculated distributions, respectively, across all patients. The mean parotid D50% was 2.4±1.5% greater using the planned distributions compared to the recalculated distributions. The parotid D50% from the planned distributions was also highly correlated with the parotid D50% from the recalculated distributions for each patient (mean r2=0.97±0.09). Conclusions: For this treatment modality and site, dosimetric differences observed between overlaying the planned dose distributions and recalculating distributions on daily images were typically well within ±5%. This indicates that the dose distribution itself is robust against anatomic variations. This study was funded, in part, by a grant from Accuray Inc.
Understanding how graphic pictorial warnings work on cigarette packaging.

Abstract The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act requires cigarette packages to contain stronger warnings in the form of color, graphic pictures depicting the negative health consequences of smoking. The authors present results from a between-subjects experiment with more than 500 smokers that test (1) the effectiveness of pictorial warnings that vary in their graphic depiction of the warning and (2) an underlying mechanism proposed to drive potential effects of the manipulation of the graphic depiction. The findings indicate that more graphic pictorial warning depictions strengthen smokers' intentions to quit smoking. Recall of warning message statements is reduced by moderately or highly graphic pictures compared with a no-picture control or less graphic pictures. The results also show that the graphic warnings affect evoked fear, and in turn, fear mediates the effects of the graphic warning depiction on intentions to quit for the sample of smokers. This pattern of results indicates t...
Applying MOMI to a dielectric foliage layer above ground for propagation prediction

Past work has shown that solutions of the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) or the combined field integral equations (CFIE) through the method of ordered multiple interactions (MOMI) can be used to provide predictions of irregular terrain loss for point-to-point links. This method uses the terrain profile along the point-to-point path to solve the two dimensional scattering problem. However, in comparison to measured data, paths with heavy foliage obstruction have not fit the predicted results very well. Usually, the predicted loss is less severe than that measured. However, diffraction and integral equation based models cannot easily include most of the statistically oriented volume scattering models for foliage. One way that foliage can be included in the model is to put a lossy layer over top of the ground at the foliage location. It is understood that such a model will not capture the time varying multiple scattering effects of foliage, but it can provide the basic mean or average attenuation and diffraction by the foliage.
Analysis of the genomic structure of the human glycine receptor α2 subunit gene and exclusion of this gene as a candidate for Rett syndrome

The gene that encodes the human alpha2 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GLRA2) is located on the X chromosome (Xp22.2) in a candidate region for a number of neurological disorders. Recently, an exclusion mapping strategy identified this region to be concordant in familial Rett syndrome (RTT) patients. Based on its established expression pattern and known function, GLRA2 was selected as a candidate gene for Rett syndrome. Major gene rearrangements were excluded based on Southern analysis using the GLRA2 cDNA as probe. To identify more subtle mutations, we determined the genomic structure for GLRA2, which consists of nine exons and a putative alternatively spliced exon 3. The exon-intron boundaries were sequenced in order to design primer sets for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of all exons and their immediately flanking intronic regions. PCR products amplified from genomic DNA isolated from 40 RTT patients were subsequently characterized by heteroduplex analysis, and no mutations were detected. Characterization of the intron-exon structure of GLRA2 will facilitate future mutational analysis of this gene for other neurological disorders mapping to human Xp22.2.
Multivariate Failure Time Analysis when only the Time to First Failure is Observed

We propose a log-linear mixed model to assess covariate effects on the unobservable, catheter-related time-until-infection (TUI), utilizing the observable time-until-first-infection (TUFI). The model assumes that both log (TUI) and the common (random) patient effect follow an extreme value distribution, and TUIs of the same patient are conditionally independent. This model enables the assessment of covariate effects on TUI, accounting for both patient-level (age) and catheter-level (e.g., difficulty of insertion) covariates and the within-patient correlation. The efficient likelihood estimators of fixed-effects and scale parameters of random effects are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal and appear to perform well in simulations. The methods are illustrated using an example.