cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trastuzumab Treatment in Multiple Lines: Current Data and Future Directions

Trastuzumab improves response rate, time to progression, and overall survival when combined with first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2-positive) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the benefits of continuing trastuzumab beyond disease progression have not been clearly established. The literature was reviewed to obtain data on trastuzumab use beyond disease progression. In general, data from retrospective and observational studies suggest that there may be clinical benefit when trastuzumab is used beyond disease progression. These results are supported by prospective non-randomized studies. Response rates and survival outcomes have generally been superior in patients who have continued trastuzumab after disease progression compared with those who have not. Moreover, recent data from two prospective randomized phase III trials have shown that adding trastuzumab to the treatment regimen in patients with MBC who have progressed on trastuzumab-based therapy significantly prolongs progression-free survival. Emerging evidence from randomized controlled trials supports the potential clinical utility of continuing trastuzumab-based therapy beyond progression and supports the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommendation to consider this treatment approach. Future treatment of HER2-positive MBC may involve trastuzumab being used in successive regimens in combination with other targeted therapies.
Dynamic Kernel Function Fast Fourier Transform with Variable Truncation Scheme for Wideband Signal Detection

A 2.56 giga sample per second (GSPS) fixed-point fixed-precision dynamic kernel function fast Fourier transform (FFT) with variable truncation scheme is designed for real-time wideband signal detection. This design is verified for two-tone signal detection in a bandwidth of 1.14 GHz at 20 MHz intervals with output throughput rates of 50 ns. The dynamic kernel FFT uses about 32 % of the slices available on the Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA model XC4VSX55 onboard the Delphi ADC3255 with an Atmel 10-bit analog to digital converter (ADC). The proposed design has an averaged single signal spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 40.6 dB and the ability to detect a weak input signal at -45 dBm. This is possible for a fixed-precision FFT design due to the embedded variable truncation scheme. In addition, with an ideal 8-bit ADC, averaged single signal SFDR performance of 47.60 dB and two-tone signal instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) of 32.60 dB are achieved. The two-tone signal IDR is the ratio between the strong and weak signal inputs in the time domain. The high throughput rates and single signal SFDR have performed better than Xilinx LogicCOREtrade 256-point IP FFT's throughput rate of 4.827 to 5.119 mus and single-tone SFDR of 25- 30 dB for an 8-bit input.
LLG Simulation of MRAM Switching Trajectories

The simplest method for estimating switching rates, transition state theory (TST), badly overestimates the switching rate for common materials with low Landau-Lifshitz damping. By classifying and counting simulated switching trajectories, we show why this occurs: there are orbits that swing back and forth between the stable potential wells (and are counted as multiple switches by the TST) which are not real switches. We suggest methods for correcting the TST rate for this phenomenon, to correctly estimate the switching rate for MRAM and spin-torque systems
Univariate input models for stochastic simulation

Techniques are presented for modelling and then randomly sampling many of the continuous univariate probabilistic input processes that drive discrete-event simulation experiments. Emphasis is given to the generalized beta distribution family, the Johnson translation system of distributions, and the Bezier distribution family because of the flexibility of these families to model a wide range of distributional shapes that arise in practical applications. Methods are described for rapidly fitting these distributions to data or to subjective information (expert opinion) and for randomly sampling from the fitted distributions. Also discussed are applications ranging from pharmaceutical manufacturing and medical decision analysis to smart-materials research and health-care systems analysis.
0-1 laws and decision problems for fragments of second-order logic

Fragments of existential second-order logic are investigated in which the patterns of first order quantifiers are restricted. The focus is on the class Sigma /sub 1//sup 1/ (Ackermann) of existential second-order sentences in which the first-order part belongs to the Ackermann class, i.e. it contains at most one universal first-order quantifier. All properties expressible by Sigma /sub 1//sup 1/ (Ackermann) sentences are NP-computable, and there are natural NP-complete properties, such as satisfiability, that are expressible by such sentences. It is established that the 0-1 law holds for the class Sigma /sub 1//sup 1/ (Ackermann), and it is shown that the associated decision problem is NEXPTIME-complete. It is also shown that the 0-1 law fails for other fragments of existential second-order logic in which first-order part belongs to certain prefix classes with an unsolvable decision problem. >
Organizational buying behavior: past performance and future expectations

Reviews the academic research conducted on organizational buying behavior since the publication of Sheth’s model of industrial buying behavior in 1973. Discovers an impressive amount of research primarily focused on the decision‐making process, environmental influences and conflict resolution in joint decisions. Also, there is an emerging area of research on supply‐chain partnering and the use of information technology such as networked computing and online data services. States that there is a surplus of empirical studies using descriptive methods and that more analytical approaches on the one hand, and conceptual constructs on the other. Focusses on future academic research in organizational buying behavior. Concludes that purchasing function is dramatically shifting from the transaction‐oriented to the relational‐oriented philosophy, and it is also shifting from domestic to global sourcing. This will change the role, processes and strategies of procurement and, therefore, new research opportunities will emerge for academic scholars. These include understanding suppliers as customers; cross‐functional supplier teaming; economic value of supplier equity; supply experience curves; hub and spoke organization; bonding with suppliers; global sourcing processes; cross‐cultural values in purchasing; cross‐national rules and regulations; and service procurement.
Martin v. Peyton: Rich Investors, Risky Investment, and the Line between Lenders and Undisclosed Partners

This essay explores the background, the facts, and the legal and policy implications of the 1927 decision of the New York Court of Appeals in Martin v. Peyton. The fleshed-out facts, which could have come from the pages of a novel by Henry James or Edith Wharton, reveal messy realities of the sort that are typically encountered by practicing lawyers but are understandably omitted or adumbrated in published opinions. The case involved an investment by a small group of wealthy and socially prominent New Yorkers in an investment banking firm that was badly managed and on the threshold of insolvency. The decision in the case turns on the distinction between lenders and partners, or, more broadly, between debt and equity. The essay shows how the unique terms of the deal, with elements of both pure debt and pure equity, were dictated by the circumstances that gave rise to it. In particular, the risky nature of the investment and the thin, or nonexistent, equity cushion led to the would-be lenders accepting a contingent return and, as a corollary, some elements of control. An analysis of the briefs in the case reveals that the outcome may have been determined by a bold factual claim of the plaintiff that failed of proof and was rejected by the court. Finally, the essay examines the policy justification for the rule making silent partners liable for the firm's debts - a rule analogous to vicarious liability of employers for the torts of their employees and to the agency-law principle that makes undisclosed principals liable for unauthorized debts incurred by their agents. In addressing policy, fairness is a commonly claimed and generally admirable goal, but for market transactions it is generally not instructive, as Martin illustrates. Economic efficiency is likely to be a more meaningful policy criterion, as, again, Martin illustrates. But, as Martin also illustrates, economic efficiency, largely relying on unproven, and possibly unprovable, conjectures, can be a fickle and inconclusive criterion.
Composition control and localization of S2- in CdSSe quantum dots grown from Li4[Cd10Se4(SPh)16].

The development of ternary nanoscale materials with controlled cross-sectional doping is an important step for the use of chemically prepared quantum dots for nanoscale engineering applications. We report cross-sectional, elemental doping with the formation of an alloyed CdSSe nanocrystal from the thermal decomposition of Li4[Cd10Se4(SPh)16]. The sulfur incorporation arises from surface-mediated phenylthiolate degradation on the growing quantum dot surface. In the alloy, we identify a pure CdSe nucleus of ∼1.5 nm, consistent with the predictions of nucleation theory. As the particle grows, S2− incorporation increases until the CdSSe reaches ∼4 nm, where a marked reduction in phenylthiolate content on the nanocrystal is observed by CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy, implying that rapid decomposition of the phenylthiolate arises with subsequent enhanced S2− incorporation at the level of the stoichiometry of the reaction (namely ∼60%). The use of molecular clusters to allow controlled defect ion incorporation can open...
Die weiteren Aussichten — wolkig!

Cloud Computing und die Transformation des Rechenzentrums. In der heutigen globalisierten Welt mussen Unternehmen aller Bereiche sehr flexibel auf Veranderungen in ihrem Geschaftsumfeld reagieren konnen. Effektive und effiziente Unterstutzung durch die entsprechenden IT-Services ist dabei von entscheidender Bedeutung. Doch diese Forderung zieht in vielen Fallen (r)evolutionare Veranderungen im Rechenzentrum nach sich. Der technologische Fortschritt in den letzten Jahren hat viele fundamentale Anderungen im Geschaftsprozess und im Rechenzentrum moglich gemacht. Gleichzeitig hat jedoch die Komplexitat in den Rechenzentren dramatisch zugenommen. Wie kann Cloud Computing dazu beitragen, mit diesen Herausforderungen umzugehen?
The Role of Epithelial Cells as Accessory Cells

Mucosal immunity is characterized by poor or absent responses to most orally administered antigens (1,2). Antigens access into gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is partially inhibited by a mucous coat containing glycoproteins and secretory IgA (3). Those antigens which do gain access to GALT are thought to enter through specialized epithelial cells overlying Peyer’s patches, the so-called M cell (M). Although it has been suggested that these cells bear receptors for a number of bacterial and viral antigens (4), the relative numbers of these cells are small and therefore antigen processing via such a mechanism may not be very efficient.
No Easy Task: Making Permanent an Indigenous Knowledge Engagement Course that Changes Lives

In May 2015, Penn State University’s Curriculum Committee approved two related courses: CED 400, Exploring Indigenous Ways of Knowing in the Great Lakes Region, and CED 401, Exploring Indigenous Ways of Knowing among the Ojibwe. This article traces the evolution of the courses over its decade long history.
An Introduction to Boulding

Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910–1993) had a charismatic personality. He published hundreds of articles and dozens of books on topics including economics, religion, peace, ecology, evolution, grants, and ethics. He also published three volumes of poetry and was a gifted painter. He grew up an only child in a working-class family in Liverpool, England. His parents were loving and devout Methodists. Boulding committed himself early in life to Christianity. Growing up during World War I had a significant impact on his beliefs. He became a pacifist at an early age. In high school, he discovered the Society of Friends (Quakers) and joined while in his first year of college at Oxford University—which influenced him both personally and professionally for the rest of his life (Boulding, 1992b, p. 73). Boulding’s humble beginnings did not limit his intellectual capabilities. He did develop in early childhood a severe stutter that remained with him the rest of his life. Regardless, he received scholarships to the best schools in Liverpool, which led to his winning a scholarship to Oxford to study chemistry. During his first year at Oxford he switched to economics.
ORTHOCOMPACTNESS IS NORMALITY IN FINITE PRODUCTS OF LOCALLY COMPACT LOTS'S

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses orthocompactness as normality in finite products. A locally compact LOTS, X, is a K-LOTS if each Xι (x) (for x ɛ X and ι < 2) is compact, a fat ω or a fat κ. Since fat K's obviously look much like ordinals and may, therefore, be expected to behave in a reasonably tractable manner, one begins the study of finite products of locally compact LOTS's with them. Every LOTS is hereditarily orthocompact. If the canonical projection π x: X x Y → X is closed, then X x Y is orthocompact. A finite product of locally compact LOTS's is orthocompact if it is normal.
Characterization of Scaling Laws in Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Spouted Fluidized Beds for Chemical Looping Combustion

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a next generation combustion technology that has shown great promise in addressing the need for high-efficiency low-cost carbon capture from fossil fueled power plants to address rising carbon emissions. The spouted fluidized bed setup provides several advantages when solid coal is used as fuel for CLC. The Lagrangian particle tracking approach known as the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution of the flow field provides an effective means of simulating the behavior of a spouted fluidized bed. However, given the high computing cost of CFD-DEM, it is necessary to develop a scaling methodology based on the principles of dynamic similarity that can be applied to a CFD-DEM simulation to expand the scope of this approach to larger CLC systems up to the industrial scale. In this article, a new scaling methodology based on the terminal velocity is proposed for spouted fluidized beds. Simulations of a laboratory-scale spouted ...
Entangled Bodies: Black Girls Becoming-Molecular:

Using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of becoming alongside Massumi’s reading of A Thousand Plateaus (1992), I explore how Black girls become educated in the molar assemblage1 of schools: students, ...
OLED technology scalable for television: Solution process delivers printed lifetime

DuPont recently announced the achievement of record performance in printed organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, sufficient to enable future adoption of OLED television. Printed devices have reliably achieved T 50 luminance lifetimes of 29,000 (red), 110,000 (green) and 34,000 hours (blue) at typical television brightness.
Executive function fails to predict smoking outcomes in a clinical trial to motivate smokers to quit

Abstract Background Executive function (EF) is considered an important mediator of health outcomes. It is hypothesized that those with better EF are more likely to succeed in turning their intentions into actual health behaviors. Prior studies indicate EF is associated with smoking cessation. Experimental and longitudinal studies, however, have yielded mixed results. Few studies have examined whether EF predicts post-treatment smoking behavior. Fewer still have done so prospectively in a large trial. We sought to determine if EF predicts quit attempts and cessation among community smokers in a large randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of motivational interventions for encouraging cessation. Methods Participants (N = 255) completed a baseline assessment that included a cognitive battery to assess EF (Oral Trail Making Test B, Stroop, Controlled Oral Word Association Test). Participants were then randomized to 4 sessions of Motivational Interviewing or Health Education or one session of Brief Advice to quit. Quit attempts and cessation were assessed at weeks 12 and 26. Results In regression analyses, none of the EF measures were statistically significant predictors of quit attempts or cessation (all ps > 0.20). Conclusions Our data did not support models of health behavior that emphasize EF as a mediator of health outcomes. Methodological shortcomings weaken the existing support for an association between EF and smoking behavior. We suggest methodological improvements that could help move this potentially important area of research forward.
Inhibitory potential of anthocyanin-rich purple and red corn extracts on human colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro

Abstract Anthocyanin-rich foods have shown potential health benefits. The objective was to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of anthocyanin-rich purple and red corn on HCT-116 and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. IC50 values ranged from 1.1 to 6.3 mg/mL, suggesting the corn extracts exhibited anti-proliferative effects on colon cancer cells; the red corn had the highest potential. All extracts increased apoptotic cells and impacted markers of apoptosis (BAX, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, TRAILR2/D5). Angiogenesis markers were also affected; a decreased expression of VEGF resulted with all corn extracts. Red corn significantly reduced other important markers of angiogenesis like Tie-2. Free binding energy of anthocyanins to tyrosine kinases was estimated at −7.86 and −7.76 kcal/mol for cyanidin-3-glucoside with a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and peonidin with a receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. The results indicate that anthocyanin-rich purple and red corn can potentially inhibit human colon cancer cell proliferation through promoting apoptosis and suppressing angiogenesis.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone activates phospholipase C in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissue

Background. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates thyroid growth through two signal transduction pathways : the G protein-adenylate cyclase system and the G protein-phospholipase C (PLC) system. The adenylate cyclase system has been studied extensively, but there is little information available concerning PLC activity in thyroid neoplasms. Methods. Human thyroid membranes were incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C in the presence or absence of bovine TSH (300 mU/ml)
The Role of Individual and Contextual Factors in Differentiating Substance Use Profiles among Adolescents

ABSTRACTBackground: Adolescent substance use is a significant public health concern due to its prevalence and associated negative consequences. Although many adolescents use substances, there is substantial heterogeneity in their use patterns. Identifying risk and protective factors that differentiate adolescents with different substance use profiles is important for preventing negative consequences for those at risk. Objective: This study identified distinct latent profiles of substance use by considering adolescents' involvement in multiple common and illicit substances as well as related problems and examined the extent to which individual and contextual factors in the family, peer, school, and neighborhood environments were related to adolescents' membership of substance use profiles. Method: Data came from 9,155 high school students (51% female; 74% European American) who completed electronic surveys in the 2009 Dane County Youth Assessment (DCYA). Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identif...
CRT-100.46 Utility Of Imaging Modalities In Coronary Lesions With Borderline Fractional Flow Reserve

Coronary intervention is routinely deferred in intermediate coronary lesions with fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≥0.80. Recently, patients with borderline FFR (0.80-0.85) who were initially deferred have been shown to have higher risk of future interventions; however, the data are limited, and the
Convective transition statistics over tropical oceans for climate model diagnostics: Observational baseline

AbstractConvective transition statistics, which describe the relation between column-integrated water vapor (CWV) and precipitation, are compiled over tropical oceans using satellite and ARM site m...
Characterization and Thermal Study of Schiff-Base Monomers and Its Transition Metal Polychelates and Their Photovoltaic Performance on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Azo dye monomer 4,4′-(4,4′-biphenylylenebisazo)-disalicylaldehyde-4n-butylphenyl aniline (H2A) is synthesised by the reaction of 4,4′-bis[(salicylaldehyde-5)-azo]biphenyl (Azo) and n-butylaniline in the 1:2 molar ratio and its metal polychelates are also synthesized with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions. The synthesized compounds are characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, electronic spectra (UV-Vis), elemental analysis (C, H, N, O), gas chromatography-mass (GCmass) spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity techniques. Thermal properties of the title compounds are studied using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The metal molar ratio in all of the polychelates is found to be consistent with 1:1 (metal/ligand) stoichiometry. The influence of organic dyes H2A and the [CuA(H2O)2] n polychelate are investigated as photosensitizers on the photovoltaic parameters by current–voltage (I–V) measurements on TiO2 photoelectrode dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The [CuA(H2O)2] n metal polychelate demonstrates the best performance as compared to the cell sensitized with H2A.
One-step conversion of agro-wastes to nanoporous carbons: Role in separation of greenhouse gases.

Abstract Highly microporous carbons have been synthesized from four types of agro-wastes of lignin, walnut shells, orange peels and apricot seeds by one-step carbonization/activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) in varying ratios. The resultant carbons demonstrated BET specific surface areas of 727–2254 m2/g, and total pore volumes 0.34–1.14 cm3/g. These are higher than the majority of agro-waste derived carbons reported in the literature. For all the carbons, CO2 adsorption at 298 K was higher than SF6 followed by N2 suggesting a possible separation of CO2 and SF6 from N2. The adsorbed amounts of CO2 at 298 K and 273 K and at pressures up to 760 Torr were 7.24 and 9.4 mmol/g, respectively which, to the best of our knowledge, are the highest CO2 uptakes in these temperatures by any carbon material reported so far. For all the gases, selectivity, mixed adsorption isotherms and adsorption breakthrough have been simulated from experimental data.
Crystal field excitations in the Raman spectra of FeSe1−x

Abstract Raman spectra of polycrystalline Fe Se 1 − x ( x ∼ 0.03 ) with a superconducting transition temperature of 9 K have been measured from room temperature down to 5 K. A mode at about 185 cm − 1 is observed throughout the whole temperature range. It is assigned as the B 1 g phonon mode. This phonon mode hardens with decreasing temperature, but undergoes no noticeable change across both the structural phase transition and the superconducting transition, similar to the Raman phonon modes observed in the 1111 and 122 systems. Surprisingly, we also observed several additional Raman modes between 200 and 700 cm−1, which we assigned as due to the crystal field excitations of the 3d electrons in Fe 2 + ions. These modes undergo abrupt change near the structural phase transition around 100 K, but do not exhibit much change across the superconducting transition.
Construction of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

The TFTR construction project is reviewed in three significant phases - Conceptual/Preliminary Design; Final Design/Procurement; and Installation/Assembly. Project organization and responsibilities of major participants are described. A brief discussion on management systems and control including Budgets, Schedules, Costs and Funding is followed by a description of the initial phase of the project highlighting key design issues, engineering tradeoffs, and related research and development programs. Discussion of the Final Design/Procurement Phase focuses on engineering evolution and design changes including selected component problems. The Installation/Assembly Phase of TFTR is described in its significant operations including assembly plans and methods; the role of craft labor in construction of the device; and the problems inherent in large component-close tolerance construction.
Econometric Analysis in FTC v. Staples

Econometric evidence played an important part in the litigation of the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC's) successful challenge to the proposed merger of Staples and Office Depot. In this article, t...
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metalloproteins

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been widely used as a powerful local structural tool for studying the metal binding sites in metalloproteins, owing to its element specificity, chemical sensitivity, and minimum requirement for sample preparation. The principle subject of this chapter is to provide a general introduction of this technique to molecular biologists and biochemists, with the intention to fill the knowledge gaps in interdisciplinary communication and collaboration. An update of the XAS-based technique applied recently to metalloproteins is also briefly introduced at the end of the chapter.
Fat Women’s Experiences in Therapy: “You Can’t See Beyond…Unless I Share It with You”

AbstractThis article reports the results of a qualitative exploration of fat women’s experiences with weight-related microaggressions in psychotherapy. We conducted semi-structured interviews with ...
User Guide for the Discrete Dipole Approximation Code DDSCAT.6.0

DDSCAT.6.0 is a freely available software package (this http URL) which applies the "discrete dipole approximation" (DDA) to calculate scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves by targets with arbitrary geometries and complex refractive index. DDSCAT.6.0 allows accurate calculations of electromagnetic scattering from targets with ``size parameters'' 2*pi*a/lambda < 15 provided the refractive index m is not large compared to unity (|m-1| < 1). DDSCAT.6.0 includes the option of using the FFTW (Fastest Fourier Transform in the West) package. DDSCAT.6.0 also includes MPI support, permitting parallel calculations on multiprocessor systems. DDSCAT package is written in Fortran and is highly portable. The program supports calculations for a variety of target geometries (e.g., ellipsoids, regular tetrahedra, rectangular solids, finite cylinders, hexagonal prisms, etc.). Target materials may be both inhomogeneous and anisotropic. It is straightforward for the user to ``import'' arbitrary target geometries into the code, and relatively straightforward to add new target generation capability to the package. DDSCAT automatically calculates total cross sections for absorption and scattering and selected elements of the Mueller scattering intensity matrix for specified orientation of the target relative to the incident wave, and for specified scattering directions. This User Guide explains how to use DDSCAT.6.0 to carry out electromagnetic scattering calculations. CPU and memory requirements are described.
Evolving Narratives about College: Immigrant Community College Students’ Perceptions of the Four-Year Degree in the Great Plains

ABSTRACTA significant percentage of the enrollment growth in higher education can be attributed to the recruitment of more diverse students, including those from immigrant households. Although research on immigrant students is growing in light of changing U.S. demographic shifts, this literature is inchoate. This paper examines evolving perspectives of the value of a four-year degree among immigrants and children of immigrants. Thus, in this paper article we synthesize current dominant narratives of immigrant students about the utility and viability of a four-year degree (and the changing impact on community college enrollment) and how they have shifted over time. We observe a current pulse that questions the ideological attitude of college for all, with some noting that a four-year degree has less significance and payoff than in the past within today’s changing economy. Moreover, we present our findings through an empirical study of immigrant community college students’ perceptions of the viability and v...
Spatial and Sensory Aspects of Battle in Biblical and Ancient near Eastern Texts

The intent here is to combine spatial and sensory evaluation of biblical and ancient Near Eastern texts that describe events leading up to, during, and after a battle. Drawing on both factors adds ...
A New Study of Direct-Driven Wind Energy Conversion System under Variable Wind Speed

The direct drive wind turbine systems (without gearboxes) paid attention in recent studies for wind energy field, because several independent researchers have found that malfunctioning of the multiplier is the principal cause of downtime, and without gearboxes, the noise levels are reduced. Actually, solely the permanent magnet synchronous generators and the electrically excited synchronous generator are used in the direct drive wind turbine technology to produce electrical energy. This paper presents a novel study of a direct drive vertical axis wind turbine based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), where, the topology stator is connected directly to the grid while the rotor is connected to grid with back to back converters. The study includes the sizing, modeling, and control of the proposed system. The vectorial control of active/reactive power injected to the grid is selected. A variable wind speed is used to test the complete system; simulations are effectuated in Matlab/ Simulink. The results illustrate the operating efficiency of a DFIG in dire ct drive vertical axis wind turbine systems, and the better performance of the vectorial control in stator powers tracking.
An Ultra-Low Power, Fully Integrated Wake-Up Receiver and Digital Baseband with All-Digital Impairment Correction and -92.4dBm Sensitivity for 802.11ba

A pre-802.11ba wake-up radio (WUR) receiver and digital baseband (DBB) is presented and monolithically integrated as a technology demonstrator within an 802.11a/b/g/n/ac Wi-Fi transceiver. Occupying <0.105 mm2, the WUR receiver consumes only 340 μW, with a measured sensitivity of -92.4dBm, and can tolerate a -56dBm, 25MHz offset, Wi-Fi blocker with 3dB desensitization. The WUR receiver operates when the Wi-Fi system is in sleep mode and turns on the Wi-Fi radio upon receiving an 802.11ba, D1.0 compliant, wake-up packet.
Thiol-specific fluorogenic agent for live cell non-protein thiol imaging in lysosomes

Thiol molecules play a significant role in cellular structures and functions. These molecules are distributed in cells unevenly at the subcellular level. Disturbance of cellular thiols has been associated with various diseases and disorders. Probes that are able to detect subcellular thiol density in live cells are valuable tools in determining thiols’ roles at the subcellular level. Lysosomes are a subcellular organelle involved in the degradation of macromolecules through the action of proteolytic enzymes. The degradation not only serves as a way to dispose of unwanted macromolecules but also a way to regulate a variety of cellular functions such as autophagy, endocytosis, and phagocytosis to maintain cell homeostasis. A probe that can detect lysosomal thiols in live cells will be useful in unveiling the roles of thiols in lysosomes. Currently, limited probes are available to detect lysosomal thiols in live cells. We would like to report 4,4′-{[7,7′-thiobis(benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-4,4′-sulfonyl)]bis(oxy))bis(naphthalene-2,7-disulfonicacid) (TBONES) as a thiol-specific fluorogenic agent for lysosomal thiol imaging in live cells through fluorescence microscopy. TBONES exhibits no fluorescence and readily reacts with non-protein thiols to form fluorescent thiol adducts with λex = 400 nm and λem = 540 nm. No reaction was observed when TBONES was mixed with compounds containing nucleophilic functional groups other than thiols such as –OH, –NH2, and –COOH. No reaction was observed either when TBONES was mixed with protein thiols. When incubated with cells, TBONES selectively and effectively imaged lysosomal thiols in live cells. Imaging of lysosomal thiols was confirmed by a co-localization experiment with LysoTracker™ Blue DND-22.
Characterization of key bacterial species in the Daphnia magna microbiota using shotgun metagenomics

The keystone zooplankton Daphnia magna has recently been used as a model system for understanding host-microbiota interactions. However, the bacterial species present and functions associated with their genomes are not well understood. In order to understand potential functions of these species, we combined 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to characterize the whole-organism microbiota of Daphnia magna. We assembled five potentially novel metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of core bacteria in Daphnia magna. Genes involved in host colonization and immune system evasion were detected across the MAGs. Some metabolic pathways were specific to some MAGs, including sulfur oxidation, nitrate reduction, and flagellar assembly. Amino acid exporters were identified in MAGs identified as important for host fitness, and pathways for key vitamin biosynthesis and export were identified across MAGs. In total, our examination of functions in these MAGs shows a diversity of nutrient acquisition and metabolism pathways present that may benefit the host, as well as genomic signatures of host association and immune system evasion.
Optimizing workplace charging facility deployment and smart charging strategies

Abstract This study introduces a workplace charging (WPC) optimization model that maximizes the total satisfied electric miles of employees’ plug-in electric vehicles, subject to a given annual budget. The model optimizes both planning decisions of charger number and power levels and operation decisions of charging spot assignment and charging schedule for the given temporal distribution of charging demands and varied electricity prices. Results of experiments based on national average travel data indicate that the actual WPC strategy varies by budget level. Through optimization, the strategy could reduce impacts of the varied electricity price by shifting charging schedules to periods when electricity prices are low. Also, the model is expanded to study the trade-off between providing WPC and addressing consequence of degraded charging service by including the per-mile shadow cost of unsatisfied charging demand. We observe that their relative competitiveness mainly depends on the actual shadow cost of WPC.
Cryosurgery for Atrial Fibrillation: Physiologic Basis for Creating Optimal Cryolesions

Background Although cryosurgery has been used to treat cardiac arrhythmias for nearly 5 decades, the mechanism of action and the surgical technique that produces optimal cryolesions for the treatment of atrial fibrillation are still poorly understood. This has resulted in surgical outcomes that can be improved by a better understanding the mechanisms of cryothermia ablation and the proper surgical techniques that take advantage of those mechanisms. Methods The cryobiology underlying cryosurgical ablation is described, as are the nuances of cryosurgical techniques that ensure the reliable creation of contiguous, uniformly transmural atrial cryolesions. The oft-misunderstood “2-minute rule” for the application of cryothermia is clarified in detail, along with its variations that depend on target myocardial temperature. Results The creation of optimal cryolesions depends on cryoprobe temperature, the temperature of the target myocardium, the duration of cryothermia application, and the presence or absence of a “heat sink” or “cooling sink” created by intracavitary blood circulation. Cryothermia kills myocardial cells during both the freezing and thawing phases of cryoablation cycle. The critical lethal temperature for myocardium is –30°C. The slower the target tissue thaws, the higher the percentage of cell death. Conclusions The availability of cryosurgical techniques has revolutionized the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. By utilizing modern cryosurgical devices and adhering to the technical principles described, surgeons can now perform surgical procedures for atrial fibrillation that are quicker, safer, and as effective as the standard Maze-III/IV procedure.
Emergency Medicine Intern Education for Best Practices in Opioid Prescribing

INTRODUCTION Opioid exposure has been identified as a contributing factor to the opioid epidemic. Reducing patient exposure, by altering heavy opioid prescribing patterns but appropriately addressing patient pain, may represent one approach to combat this public health issue. Our goal was to create and implement an opioid education program for emergency medicine (EM) interns as a means of establishing foundational best practices for safer and more thoughtful prescribing. METHODS This was a retrospective study at an academic, urban emergency department (ED) comparing ED and discharge opioid prescribing practices over a 12-week time period for two 14-intern EM classes (2016 and 2018) to evaluate an early opioid reduction education program. The education program included opioid prescribing guidelines for common ED disease states associated with moderate pain, clinician talking points, and electronic education modules, and was completed by EM interns in July/August 2018. Opioid prescription rates per shift were calculated and opioid prescribing best practices described. We used chi-squared analysis for comparisons between the 2016 and 2018 classes. RESULTS Overall, ED and discharge opioid orders prescribed by EM interns were fewer in the 2018 class that received education compared with the 2016 class. ED opioid orders were reduced by 64% (800 vs 291 orders, rate per shift 1.8 vs 0.7 orders) and opioid discharge prescriptions by 75% (279 vs 70 prescriptions, rate per shift 0.7 vs 0.2 prescriptions). The rate of prescribing combination opioid products compared to opioids alone was decreased for ED orders (32% vs 16%, P < 0.01) and discharge prescriptions (91% vs 74%, P < 0.01) between the groups. Also, the median tablets per discharge prescription (14.5 vs 10) and total tablets prescribed (4305 vs 749) were reduced, P < 0.01. There were no differences in selection of opioid product or total morphine milligram equivalents prescribed when an opioid was used. CONCLUSION An opioid reduction education program targeting EM interns was associated with a reduction in opioid prescribing in the ED and at discharge. This may be an effective way to influence early prescribing patterns and best practices of EM interns.
Silicon Monoxide (SiO) (Noncrystalline)

Publisher Summary Silicon monoxide (SiO) is used as a protective layer and antireflecting coating in optical applications and as the dielectric material in certain microelectronic devices. These layers are generally prepared by the rapid evaporation of SiO under high-vacuum conditions. If the deposition is carried out slowly in the presence of a partial pressure of oxygen, the condensate acquires excess oxygen and the O-to-Si-atom ratio rises above unity. These materials are often labeled “SiOx.” For SiO, not much information is available on its optical properties. However, in the visible and near-ultraviolet spectral regions in which data from several sources can be compared, the results agree with one another quite well. This indicates that the SiO is a well defined material, when prepared in the absence of oxygen, with definitive optical properties. The chapter describes various experimental techniques used to obtain optical constants—namely refractive index n and extinction coefficient k for SiO.
On the spanning hypothesis for EDI semantics

What EDI needs is a good semantics, that is, a workable formal theory of what EDI messages mean. As is widely recognized, the point applies to electronic commerce and to communications by artificial agents in general. Some progress has been made in this direction, but very much work remains to be none. In this paper we introduce and discuss the spanning hypothesis for agent (or, e.g., EDI or electronic commerce) communication languages. The spanning hypothesis is a claim about the semantics for a given communication language, and we think it represents a necessary condition for truly successful artificial communication in electronic commerce. After discussing and clarifying the hypothesis, and how it might be confirmed, we present evidence in its favor from an analysis of several EDIFACT transaction sets.
The Language of Transcendence in Sarah Orne Jewett's "A White Heron"

Technique narrative et vision transcendantale de la realite naturelle dans la nouvelle de S.O. J.
Prostaglandin E2 Inhibition Promotes Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation

INTRODUCTION In a mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) induced by chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion, the effectiveness of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition in attenuating AAA pr...
Rhetoric of Seduction and Seduction of Rhetoric in Paul de Man's ‘Allegories of Reading’

The essay analyzes the work of Paul de Man (1919-1983), in particular Allegories of Reading . Even though his posthumously revealed ties with Nazism reduced his academic influence, de Man is still considered the leader of Deconstruction in America, and his favorite metaphor of 'seduction' summarizes his Nietzschean theory of rhetoric as illusionism, i.e. a strategy that provoke an affective reaction, independent from logic or facts. Yet, this metaphor seems to be in contrast with other tendencies of Deconstruction, namely the self-referential, non-voluntary, autonomous status of writing, the absence of critical meta-language, the reduction of psychology in criticism.
Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class.

Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class.Bonnie Urduoli. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996. xiv, 222 pp.
Separating Exponentially Ambiguous NFA from Polynomially Ambiguous NFA

We resolve an open problem raised by Ravikumar and Ibarra on the succinctness of representations relating to the types of ambiguity of finite automata. We show that there exists a family of nondeterministic finite automata {An} over a two-letters alphabet such that, for any positive integer n, An is exponentially ambiguous and has n states, whereas the smallest equivalent deterministic finite automaton has 2n states and any smallest equivalent polynomially ambiguous finite automaton has 2n− 1 states.
Trends in post-mastectomy reconstruction: A SEER database analysis

Background and Objectives This study was performed to investigate recent trends and factors associated with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using a large population-based registry. We hypothesized that rates of IBR have increased since passage of the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998. Methods The SEER (surveillance, epidemiology and end results) database was used to evaluate Stage I–III breast cancer (BC) patients who underwent total mastectomy from 1998 to 2008. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to study predictors of IBR. Results Of 112,348 patients with BC treated by mastectomy 18,001 (16%) had IBR. Rates of IBR increased significantly from 1998 to 2008 (P < 0.0001). Use of IBR significantly decreased as patient age increased (P < 0.0001), as stage increased (P < 0.0001), and as the number of positive lymph nodes increased (P < 0.0001). Estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ (ER+/PR+) patients had significantly higher IBR rates than ER−/PR−patients (P < 0.0001). IBR was used in 3,615 of 25,823 (14.0%) of patients having post-mastectomy radiation (XRT) and in 14,188 of 86,513 (16.4%) of those not having XRT (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The utilization of IBR has increased significantly over the last decade. IBR was found to be significantly associated with age, race, geographical region, stage, ER, grade, LN status, and XRT (P < 0.0001). J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:163–168. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methyl-substituted conformationally constrained rexinoid agonists for the retinoid X receptors demonstrate improved efficacy for cancer therapy and prevention.

Abstract (2E,4E,6Z,8Z)-8-(3′,4′-Dihydro-1′(2H)-naphthalen-1′-ylidene)-3,7-dimethyl-2,3,6-octatrienoinic acid, 9cUAB30, is a selective rexinoid for the retinoid X nuclear receptors (RXR). 9cUAB30 displays substantial chemopreventive capacity with little toxicity and is being translated to the clinic as a novel cancer prevention agent. To improve on the potency of 9cUAB30, we synthesized 4-methyl analogs of 9cUAB30, which introduced chirality at the 4-position of the tetralone ring. The syntheses and biological evaluations of the racemic homolog and enantiomers are reported. We demonstrate that the S-enantiomer is the most potent and least toxic even though these enantiomers bind in a similar conformation in the ligand binding domain of RXR.
In Defense of the Moral Worth of Wilderness Education: Expeditions as Traveling Monasteries

A quick review of college-level Outdoor Adventure Education (OAE) textbooks reveals that the long-held assumption of character development through OAE persists to the present (Martin, Cashel, Wagstaff, & Breunig, 2006, p. 92; Priest & Gass, 2005, p. 13; Prouty, Collinson, & Panicucci, 2007, p. 10, 13). However, within the OAE literature one also finds a growing body of dissent questioning this traditional assumption (Barrett & Greenaway, 1995, pp. 9-10; Brookes, 2003a, 2003b; Drasdo, 1973/1998, p. 28; Hahn, 1965b, p. 9; Hogan, 1992, p. 28; Pleasants, 2007, p. 54; Price, 1970, p. 84, 87; Wurdinger, 1987, p. 31).
Ecology of plant‐herbivore communities: A fungal component?

We consider how microorganisms may alter conventional theories of the organization of plant-herbivore communities. We focus on endophytic fungi and their role in mediating interactions among herbivores, their host plants, and natural enemies. We propose hypotheses about the role of microbes in plant-herbivore communities and suggest ways to test these hypotheses. An initial approach to the overwhelming complexity of interacting species is to view species as components of functional groups, be they micro- or macroscopic, that potentially affect the ecology and evolution of host plants. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transition from IV epoprostenol to subcutaneous treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a controlled trial

Background We determined the relative efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) treprostinil in stable World Health Organization class II and III patients transitioned from IV epoprostenol. Methods This was an 8-week, multicenter, randomized study in which patients were transitioned from IV epoprostenol to SC treprostinil or placebo over a period of up to 14 days and monitored carefully during and after the transition period for signs of deterioration. Patients with clinical deterioration were returned promptly to epoprostenol. Placebo or SC treprostinil doses were titrated in response to symptoms. Time to adjudicated clinical deterioration was compared between treatment groups, and exercise capacity, symptoms of disease, and safety were assessed throughout the study. Results Twenty-two patients were enrolled and completed the study. Seven of 8 patients (88%) withdrawn to placebo had clinical deterioration, while only 1 of 14 patients (7%) withdrawn to SC treprostinil had clinical deterioration (p = 0.00023 based on a treatment comparison of time to deterioration). Analyses of exercise capacity and symptoms strongly supported the efficacy of SC treprostinil in epoprostenol-treated patients. Adverse events consisted of painful infusion site reactions and anticipated prostacyclin side effects. Conclusions SC treprostinil is effective in pulmonary arterial hypertension and prevents clinical deterioration and maintains functional status in patients transitioned from epoprostenol.