cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wall fibrils ingerminating sporangiospores of Gilbertella persicaria (Mucorales)

In germinated sporangiospores of Gilbertella persicaria, negatively contrasted fibrils, 20–70 A diam, are seen in thin sections of the inner vegetative wall that is continuous with the germ tube wall. The fibrils are randomly oriented in a loose network in this wall and in the germ tube wall. Germ tubes have an additional surface layer of fine, positively contrasted fibrils which appear as a nap-like coating on the hyphae. Patterns of wall fibril orientation are not revealed by transverse sections of spore and germ tube walls, whereas oblique and tangential sections are favorable for examining cell wall architecture in situ. Staining patterns show textural and compositional differences among various wall layers.
In support of anti-intellectualism

Intellectualist theories attempt to assimilate know how to propositional knowledge and, in so doing, fail to properly explain the close relation know how bears to action. I develop here an anti-intellectualist theory that is warranted, I argue, because it best accounts for the difference between know how and mere “armchair knowledge.” Know how is a mental state characterized by a certain world-to-mind direction of fit (though it is non-motivational) and attendant functional role. It is essential of know how, but not propositional knowledge, that it makes possible performance errors and has the functional role of guiding action. The theory is attractive, in part, because it allows for propositional, non-propositional and perhaps even non-representational varieties of know how.
Studies with H. Pertussis

Summary Antitoxin for the two known toxins of H. pertussis is not found in human convalescent or hyperimmune human serum. Agglutinins or antibacterial antibodies are found in high titer in the hyperimmune serum of known high clinical potency. Agglutination is recommended as a means of assay of such sera and should be used routinely as a laboratory control test in the production of such sera for clinical use. A procedure for immunization of adult donors is discussed, and the technique for use of agglutination in such assays is presented in detail. Titers of the sera of a group of human donors during the course of immunization are recorded. Most striking is the variation that occurs in different donors in response to immunization and also in any given donor from time to time. This makes it imperative to follow immunization by laboratory assays of the sera and to use the results as a guide in the selection of donors.
SOFTENING KINETICS OF COOKED DRY BEANS AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 100C

New value-added dry bean products, such as sugar-coated beans, require a shorter cooking time (15-30 min) and lower temperature (under JOOC) than typical canned beans. Michigan bean classes navy, great white northern, small white, small red, dark red kidney, light red kidney, vine cranberry, bush cranberry, pinto and black beans were cooked at constant water temperatures of 90, 95 and 99C for 5-120 min. Isothermal rate constants for texture were estimated at each temperature for each bean class based on a modified first-order model and an n th -order model. Heat transfer coefficients were estimated using aluminum beans and lumped capacity analysis. Isothermal parameters (rate constant and activation energy) and a nonisothermal parameter (activation energy) were used to predict texture from dynamic-temperature experiments. The first-order model (isothermal) was accurate up to 30 min, but was not appropriate for time greater than 30 min. The n th -order was considered superior to the modified first-order model, because only three rather than four parameters needed to be estimated for similar accuracy. The nonisothermal method can save experimental time compared with the isothermal method, because additional experiments at different constant temperatures are unnecessary. A nomograph of equivalent heating time versus constant heating temperature was shown as a useful tool for process design.
Why subject relatives prevail: Constraints versus constructional licensing

Relative clauses containing subject relative-pronouns (e.g. that go to Utah all the time) are the prevalent type both across languages (Keenan and Comrie 1977) and in conversation, accounting for 65% of relative clauses in the American National Corpus (Reali and Christiansen 2007) and 67% of relative clauses in the corpus examined for this study, the Switchboard corpus. This fact appears attributable to parsing preferences, as per Hawkins (1999, 2004), Gibson (1998) and Gibson et al. (2005): subject extractions are the most local filler-gap dependency and therefore impose the lowest burden on short-term memory. This explanation, however, not only lacks strong psycholinguistic support but also fails to explain a major pattern in Switchboard: subject relatives are not preferred across the board but only as modifiers of postverbal (object and oblique) nominals. We propose that the preference for subject relatives is an effect not of general-purpose interpretive or encoding constraints but rather of constructional licensing: the subject relative belongs to an entrenched syntactic routine, the Presentational Relative construction, e.g. I have friends that clip articles (McCawley 1981; Lambrecht 1987, 1988, 2002). We investigate this hypothesis by examining the formal, semantic and pragmatic
Market Orientation Within University Schools Of Business: Can A Dynamical Systems Viewpoint Applied To A Non-Temporal Data Set Yield Valuable Insights For University Managers?

This study investigates the use of using complexity theory – the study of nonlinear dynamical systems of which chaos and catastrophe theory are subsets – in the analysis of a non temporal data set to derive valuable insights into the functioning of university schools of business. The approach is unusual in that studies of nonlinearity in complex dynamical systems typically involve longitudinal data. Challenges associated with such studies usually involve establishing nonlinearity, obtaining a data set with a sufficient number of entries, and robust mathematical and computational requirements for effective analysis. The format of the paper is as follows: 1) a general description of complex systems is presented which identifies a number of generally accepted characteristics of complex systems, 2) a description of the data set and the research technique utilized, 3) a presentation of the data set as an “attractor” landscape as typically defined in complex systems analysis, 4) potential insights that may be derived from the analysis; and 5) conclusions and recommendations for further study. The value of the study is to demonstrate that within the framework of complexity theory, non longitudinal data may be used to derive valuable managerial insights into the functioning of organizations such as university schools of business.
FOOD UTILIZATION BY LARVAE OF THE FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE, ANTHRENUS FLAVIPES

The influence of nutrients on the utilization of wool fabric by larvae of the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flavipes LeConte, was studied. Water extracts of brewer's yeast and a combination of cholesterol, vitamins, and minerals applied to the wool stimulated both larval feeding and growth, although these treatments were not as effective as brewer's yeast when the yeast was dusted on the woolen fabric. A mineral analysis of the wool fabric and bio-assays indicated that the wool fabric was deficient in potassium and sodium. The addition of K alone stimulated some larval feeding, but Na alone was inactive. However, the combination of K and Na was highly synergistic in the promotion of both larval feeding and growth. The addition of glucose reduced the efficiency of both the gross and net utilization of the diet, and low concentrations of glucose inhibited larval feeding. Supplemental amino acids in which wool is known to be deficient did not alter the efficiency indices, although tryptophan stimulated larval feeding. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERWERTUNG DER NAHRUNG BEI LARVEN DES POLSTERWARENKAFERS, ANTHRENUS FLAVIPES Untersucht wurde der Einfluss von Nahrstoffen auf die Verwertung von 100%igem Wollgewebe („entschweisstes Mottentestgewebe”) bei Larven des Polsterwarenkafers, Anthrenus flavipes. Wasserextrakte von Bierhefe und eine Kombination von Cholesterin, Vitaminen und Mineralsalzen stimulierte Frass und Wachstum der Larven, wenngleich diese Behandlungen nicht so wirksam waren wie Bierhefe, die auf das Gewebe aufgepudert wurde. Eine Mineralanalyse der Wolle ergeb einen Gehalt von nur 15 ppm kalium und 67 ppm Natrium. Futterungstests zeigten, dass diese Mengen suboptimal fur das Larvenwachstum waren. Die Zugabe von Kalium allein (Endkonzentration 3000 ppm) stimulierte den Larvenfrass und enhohte den ECD-Wert von 6,6% auf 17,3%. Natrium allein (Endkonzentration 250 ppm) hatte keine Wirkung. Jedoch erwies sich die Kombination von K und Na als stark synergistisch hinsichtlich von Frass und Wachstum der Larven, wobei die Nahrungsumsatzindices vergleichbar waren mit denen der positiven Kontrolle. Diese Befunde mit den Mineralsalzbehandlungen waren eindeutige Beispiele fur die Wirkung von spezifischem Nahrstoffmangel auf die Verwertung eines Nahrungssubstrates. Zugabe von Glukose zum Wollgewebe reduzierte Brutto- und Nettoverwertung des Nahrungssubstrates und geringe Konzentrationen von Glukose (0,1%, wt/wt) hemmte den Frass der Laven. Zusatze solcher Aminosauren, deren bekanntermassen Wolle ermangelt (Tryptophan, Methionin, Histidin und Lysin), anderte nicht die Wirksamkeitsindices, wobei immerhin Tryptophan den Larvenfrass stimulierte. Larven von A. flavipes enthalten ein Protozoon im Lumen des Mitteldarms. Dieses Protozoon konnte bei deer Nahrungsverwertung zugunsten des Insekts wirksam sein. Versuche zur Entfernung des Protozoons durch Zusatz von Sorbinsauren zur Diat, um die symbiontische Beziechung zu studieren, blieben jedoch erfolglos.
Corridors, Coordination, and the Entrepreneurial Theory of the Market Process

Daniel Klein (Klein 1997, Klein and Orsborn 2009 and Klein and Briggeman forthcoming) and Israel Kirzner (forthcoming) have been engaged in a debate concerning how economists should understand and use the terms “coordination” and “economic goodness”. Klein and Briggeman (forthcoming) contend that Kirzner suffers from excessive ambition scientifically. The authors claim Kirzner’s reliance and identification with “the Misesian image of science” threatens to discredit his more sensible contributions (e.g., market processes are driven towards progress by competitive entrepreneurial discovery). We offer a response to Klein and Briggeman’s claim that loose, vague and indeterminate forms of economic reasoning make for a more robust political economy. In doing so, we also explain the theoretical context surrounding Kirzner’s theory of the entrepreneurial market process. While we agree with Klein and Briggeman’s critique of scientism and formalism, we emphasize the nature of the debates over market theory and the price system that Kirzner was engaging in order to understand the reasons behind his methods and the theoretical insights they provide. Rather than the source of his failure, we view Kirzner’s “excessive ambitions” to provide a scientific foundation of the market process as the source of his great success as an economic theorist.
Nonideal effects on inelastic Compton scattering in a nonideal plasma

Inelastic Compton scattering of photons by hydrogenic ions in a classical nonideal plasma is investigated. An effective pseudopotential model taking into account plasma screening and collective effects is applied to describe the interaction potential in a nonideal plasma. The screened atomic wave functions and energy eigenvalues for the ground and excited states of the hydrogenic ion in a classical nonideal plasma obtained by the Ritz variational and perturbational methods. The expression for the lowest-order transition matrix element is obtained by a two-photon process associated with terms quadratic in the vector potential A. The inelastic Compton scattering cross-section horn the 1s ground state to the 2p excited state is obtained as a function of the incident photon energy, Debye length, and the non-ideality plasma parameter. It is found that the collective effect reduces the cross-section. The collective effect on the cross-section is decreased with increasing Debye length.
Early Histocompatibility: Color the Mechanism Green and Red

Allorecognition in Hydractinia, a cnidarian, is governed by two different, highly polymorphic genes encoding transmembrane proteins. Using a fluorescent cell read-out system, a new study now shows that the basis for specificity involves homophilic interactions between extracellular domains.
Sleep and Parent-family Connectedness: Links, Relationships and Implications for Adolescent Depression

The present study investigated the relationship between adolescent depression, levels of sleep and family functioning in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Participants were selected from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and were split into two separate groups: those who reported getting insufficient amounts of sleep (i.e., 1 to 6 hours/night), and those who reported getting typical amounts of sleep (7 to 10 hours/night). Primary results indicated significant negative relationships between depression and relationships with mother, father and family connectedness. Additionally, for the low-sleep males, a significant negative relationship was found between depression and positive relationship with father, and for low-sleep females, a significant negative relationship was found between depression and a positive relationship with mother and with high levels of family connectedness. Collectively, these results indicate that positive perceptions of parent and family relationships seem to help adolescents avoid depression when they are concurrently experiencing problematic sleep.
The optimality of beamforming: a unified view

We explore the optimality of transmit beamforming for a vector channel with multiple transmit antennas and a single receive antenna. Perfect channel information is assumed to be available at the receiver while the transmitter only has partial/limited knowledge of the user's channel vector based on feedback. Without limiting the kind of partial/limited feedback or the type of channel distribution, we derive a general necessary and sufficient condition for the optimality of beamforming in such channels. The condition we obtain is universal - applicable to all partial/limited feedback scenarios in all ergodic fading channel distributions regardless of the number of transmit antennas or transmit power. Considering different types of partial/limited feedback, we show how our conditions can be employed to obtain previous results on the optimality of beamforming. With Monte Carlo simulations, we provide numerical results comparing different partial/limited feedback schemes
Reflections from employers on the disabled workforce: Focus groups with healthcare, hospitality, and retail administrators

Historically, employment rates for people with disabilities have been low. Despite legislation that prohibits the discrimination of this group in work settings, employers are reluctant to hire people with disabilities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of employers with workers with disabilities. Three focus groups were conducted with 21 administrators from three business sectors (i.e., healthcare, hospitality, and retail). Content analysis indicated five primary themes: (1) importance of disability employment agencies and disability advocates; (2) persistence of manager bias; (3) lack of promotion opportunities; (4) costs associated with having workers with disabilities; and (5) benefits associated with having workers with disabilities. Implications include the need for intervention studies that address the challenges experienced by individuals with disabilities, particularly during hiring and promoting phases of employment, and educational efforts to inform administrators and managers of the few costs and numerous benefits associated with having workers with disabilities.
The State of the Art of E-Government Services in Africa: An Analysis of Relevant Websites

The rate of adoption of information and communication technologies such as those necessary to provide e-government services by African countries is slow due to several factors such as infrastructure, literacy, economic development, and culture. Despite the obstacles, most African countries have made noticeable progress over the last couple of decades. Almost all African governments now have some presence on the Web including fully fledged egovernment web portals, albeit in small numbers. However, the state of the art of e-government services in African countries is not well documented in detail. We present results of a comprehensive analysis of 468 e-government service websites with respect to the type of websites, services & features available, as well as the level of development of e-government services. We also compute e-government indexes, produce egovernment rankings, and compare our rankings to previous ones. Recommendations for future researchers regarding frameworks used for computing e-government indexes are made.
Farmers, Industries, and the State: The Culture of Contract Farming in Spain and Japan

Farmers used to grow, process, store, and merchandise food and fiber. Such “agriculture as an industry in and of itself or as a distinct phase of our economy,” however, has long become a legacy of the past (Davis and Goldberg 1957:1). Farmers today stand in relations of growing complexity with various “others” for the purpose of agricultural production, i.e. farm suppliers, banks, research centers, processors, storage operators, distributors, and the government. In other words, farmers work in the complex web of relationships created by all these individuals and institutions. In this context, “contract farming,” a topic of growing interest among social scientists, seems to epitomize, perhaps most clearly, such complex production relations maintained by many farmers today in various corners of the world.
Master redox regulator Trx1 upregulates SMYD1 & modulates lysine methylation

Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is а antioxidant protein that regulates protein disulfide bond reduction, transnitrosylation, denitrosylation and other redox post-translational modifications. In order to better understand how Trx1 modulates downstream protective cellular signaling events following cardiac ischemia, we conducted an expression proteomics study of left ventricles (LVs) after thoracic aortic constriction stress treatment of transgenic mice with cardiac-specific over-expression of Trx1, an animal model that has been proven to withstand more stress than its non-transgenic littermates. Although previous redox post-translational modifications proteomics studies found that several cellular protein networks are regulated by Trx1-mediated disulfide reduction and transnitrosylation, we found that Trx1 regulates the expression of a limited number of proteins. Among the proteins found to be upregulated in this study was SET and MYND domain-containing protein 1 (SMYD1), a lysine methyltransferase highly expressed in cardiac and other muscle tissues and an important regulator of cardiac development. The observation of SMYD1 induction by Trx1 following thoracic aortic constriction stress is consistent with the retrograde fetal gene cardiac protection hypothesis. The results presented here suggest for the first time that, in addition to being a master redox regulator of protein disulfide bonds and nitrosation, Trx1 may also modulate lysine methylation, a non-redox post-translational modification, via the regulation of SMYD1 expression. Such crosstalk between redox signaling and a non-redox PTM regulation may provide novel insights into the functions of Trx1 that are independent from its immediate function as a protein reductase.
Achieving EMI compliance with DVI and HDMI on defense/aerospace platforms

Digital Visual Interface (DVI) and High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) have become very popular digital interfaces in the consumer electronics arena for high definition video and audio with personal computers and in-home theatre systems. Due to the off-the-shelf availability of hardware and software that supports these interfaces, DVI and HDMI present the opportunity to provide the aircraft industry and the war fighter with state-of-the-art high-definition video capabilities today. However, these interfaces were not designed for the defense/aerospace electromagnetic effects environments. This paper presents guidelines with respect to circuit modification and cable/connector system design to allow compliance with defense/aerospace equipment EMI standards such as MIL-STD-461E and DO-160E.
Cellular retinoic acid- and cellular retinol-binding proteins: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning, chromosomal assignment, and tissue specific expression.

Both cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and display different patterns of tissue distribution. We have isolated cDNA clones for bovine CRABP and for human CRBP from a bovine adrenal gland cDNA library and from a human liver cDNA library, respectively, by probing with synthetic oligonucleotides. The primary structures of the two proteins inferred from the DNA sequences were identical to the previously reported amino acid sequences. The cDNA probes were used to obtain some information about the genes for CRABP and CRBP, including their chromosomal localization, and about the tissue specific expression of these two genes. Southern blot analyses under highly stringent conditions, of genomic DNA from both the bovine and the mouse, showed that for each retinoid-binding protein, specific DNA sequences are sufficiently conserved across species to allow cross-hybridization to occur. Under the same conditions, howeve...
Dynamics of structures with uplift and sliding

A structure incorporating the mechanism of sliding, as used in seismic isolation, along with the mechanism of uplift, but at a different elevation, is proposed to study the possible beneficial effects on the response of the structure, as compared to allowing partial base uplift only. A two-mass model of system uplift and sliding is established. The equations of motion for both the phase of full contact and the phase of base uplift are derived. The criteria governing the transformation of these two phases are given. Both the time history and the response spectrum results show that the structure with both uplift and sliding mechanisms is superior to that with only the uplift mechanism. Not only is the response of the structure lessened, but also the amount of uplift is greatly reduced because of the added sliding mechanism
Eight-month follow-up of physical activity and central adiposity: results from an Internet-delivered randomized control trial intervention.

Background: Less than half of U.S. adults engage in the recommended amount of physical activity (PA). Internet-delivered PA programs increase short-term PA but long-term adherence is largely equivocal. Purpose: To determine whether increased PA following the 16-week internet-delivered Active Living Every Day (ALED-I) program is maintained 8 months later in sedentary and overweight rural adults. Methods: In our previous randomized controlled trial (N = 32; 18 intent-to-treat controls, 14 ALED-I interventions), the ALED-I group increased PA (+1384 steps/day; E.S. = 0.95) and reduced central adiposity. Nine original intervention participants and ten delayed intent-to-treat control participants completed ALED-I and an 8-month follow-up. Pedometer-measured PA, anthropometric variables, and cardiometabolic disease risk factors were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and at 8 months. Results: Control crossover participants increased PA (+1337 steps/day; P = .04). Eight months following completion of ALED-I ...
Fear of Negative Evaluation Affects Helping Behavior: The Bystander Effect Revisited

The effect of shyness and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) on helping behavior was examined. Eighty-three students participated in the experiment. Their individual shyness, FNE, and self-monitoring scores were collected prior to participation. During the experiment, participants had the opportunity to help a female confederate in either a social or nonsocial situation. An interaction of FNE and condition was found to be marginally significant. In the social helping condition, participants who helped showed no difference in FNE scores versus those who did not help. However, in the non-social condition participants who helped had lower FNE scores than those who did not help. The findings are framed in accordance with the bystander effect. A marginally significant interaction of gender and condition was also discovered. Males helped at the same rate as females in the non-social condition, but helped more than females in the social condition. This provides support for the social role theory of helping, based on the socially conditioned mores that a man should help a woman in need. There is extensive research on shyness, fear of negative evaluation (FNE), and helping behavior as individual topics, but very limited knowledge coneeming how these constructs are interrelated. Because shyness, FNE, and helping behavior are prevalent in many facets of everyday life, it is important to investigate the relationship between these variables. In the present study, the effects of shyness and fear of negative evaluation on the likelihood of offering help were examined within a self-presentational paradigm.
Speaker verification using temporal decorrelation post-processing

A text-dependent method of speaker verification processing which utilizes the statistical correlation between measured features of speech across whole words is described. The correlation is used in a linear discriminant analysis to define uncorrelated world-level features as a metric. Initial results indicate that this method can significantly reduce the amount of storage necessary for speaker-specific speech information. Furthermore, this method provides promise of improved verification performance compared to methods based on hidden Markov model (HMM) state level observation metrics. Since the linear discriminant analysis yields features which are decorrelated over entire words, this method should be more robust to signal distortions which are consistent over the entire utterance. >
Delayed firing rate responses to temperature in diencephalic slices

Thermoregulatory responses may be delayed in onset and offset by several minutes after changes in hypothalamic temperature. Our preceding study found neurons that displayed delayed firing rate responses during clamped thermal stimulation in remote regions of rat diencephalic tissue slices. The present study looked for similar delayed firing rate responses during clamped (1.5-10 min) changes in each neuron's local temperature. Of 26 neurons tested with clamped thermal stimulation, six (i.e., 23%) showed delayed responses, with on-latencies of 1.0-7.8 min. These neurons rarely showed off-latencies, and the delayed response was not eliminated by synaptic blockade. The on-latencies and ranges of local thermosensitivity were similar to delayed neuronal responses to remote temperature; however, remote-sensitive neurons displayed off-latencies, higher firing rates at 37 degrees C, and greater sensitivity to thermal stimulation. Our findings suggest that delayed thermosensitivity is an intrinsic property of certain neurons and may initiate more elaborate or prolonged delayed responses in synaptically connected diencephalic networks. These networks could explain the delayed thermoregulatory responses observed during hypothalamic thermal stimulation.
ARE PLEOPODS JUST “MORE LEGS”? THE FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF SWIMMING LIMBS IN EURYTHENES GRYLLUS (AMPHIPODA)

Abstract Amphipods, like most swimming crustaceans, employ a drag-based mechanism to produce thrust. The propulsors are paddle-shaped pleopods that move parallel to the direction of motion. These paired abdominal limbs generate both the propulsive thrust and the respiratory currents that bathe the thoracic gills. This study addresses the basic kinematics of motion and the pleopodal skeletomusculature of the deep-sea scavenger Eurythenes gryllus. The limb beat cycle consists of a power stroke where the three pleopod pairs, with their setal fan outstretched, swing sequentially through an arc parallel to the body axis, and then return anteriorly in a collapsed and bent configuration. The joint connecting the body to the muscular peduncle is complex, allowing promotion and remotion along the main body axis. Several hard plates for extrinsic muscle attachment are surrounded by arthrodial membrane. The extrinsic musculature is proportioned accordingly, with a large mass of muscles controlling the power stroke a...
Belief, Credence, and the Preface Paradox

ABSTRACTMany discussions of the ‘preface paradox’ assume that it is more troubling for deductive closure constraints on rational belief if outright belief is reducible to credence. I show that this is an error: we can generate the problem without assuming such reducibility. All that we need are some very weak normative assumptions about rational relationships between belief and credence. The only view that escapes my way of formulating the problem for the deductive closure constraint is in fact itself a reductive view: namely, the view that outright belief is credence 1. However, I argue that this view is unsustainable. Moreover, my version of the problem turns on no particular theory of evidence or evidential probability, and so cannot be avoided by adopting some revisionary such theory. In sum, deductive closure is in more serious, and more general, trouble than some have thought.
Excited state equilibrium induced lifetime extension in a dinuclear platinum(II) complex.

Covalently linking two square planar platinum(II) centers using two pyrazolate bridging ligands allows the filled dz2 orbitals on each Pt center to overlap, producing a Pt–Pt σ interaction and new low energy dσ* → π* metal—metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) transitions terminating on an appropriate π-acceptor ligand such as 2-phenylpyridine (ppy). In an effort to extend the lifetime of the associated MMLCT excited state, we decided to append piperidinyl naphthalimide (PNI) chromophores to the 2-phenylpyridine charge transfer ligands. This structural modification introduces low-lying PNI-based triplet states serving as long-lived triplet population reservoirs, thermally capable of repopulating the charge transfer state at room temperature (RT), thereby extending its excited state lifetime. Specifically, [Pt(PNI-ppy)(μ-Ph2pz)]2 (1), where PNI-ppy is N-(2-phenylpyridine)-4-(1-piperidinyl)naphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide and Ph2pz is 3,5-diphenylpyrazolate, was synthesized and structurally characterized. Th...
Lewis Acid Activation of a Hydrogen Bond Donor Metal–Organic Framework for Catalysis

A new metal–organic framework (MOF) composed of urea-containing tetracarboxylate struts was synthesized, and its hydrogen bonding capabilities were evaluated. The catalytic performance of this heterogeneous framework is enhanced through preactivation with silyl Lewis acids, leading to Friedel–Crafts reaction rates greater than those of common homogeneous hydrogen bond donors.
Nutrient density of diets in the USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, 1977-1978: I. Impact of socioeconomic status on dietary density.

Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status, appear to be consuming from a “common table,” with some eating more and some less of the same basic quality of foods.
Action of adenosine on cyclic 3',5'-nucleotides in glomeruli.

Recent in vivo studies indicated that adenosine has a profound effect on glomerular dynamics and renal circulation. Because its effect in nonrenal tissues is frequently mediated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), we examined adenosine's effect on cyclic nucleotides in rat kidney. Incubation of tissue slices from renal cortex or medulla with 0.1 mM adenosine resulted in marginal or no increase in cAMP. In isolated glomeruli, adenosine caused a marked and dose-dependent (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) increase in cAMP accumulation. Inosine, a deaminated metabolite of adenosine, had no effect on cAMP levels in glomeruli. No distinct effect of adenosine on cAMP was observed in cortical tubules under the same testing conditions. An increase in cAMP levels in glomeruli elicited by adenosine was blocked by theophylline, a known inhibitor of adenosine receptors. In contrast, theophylline enhanced rather than decreased the stimulation of cAMP accumulation in glomeruli by serotonin. Dipyridamole, a proposed inhib...
The Fiscal Policy Dimension: Implicit Subsidies

This chapter examines the kinds of housing subsidies that are often channeled through housing finance systems in economies experiencing high inflation and financial stress. Argentina in the late 1980s is used as a case study. However, the kinds of programs analyzed appear to be very similar to the programs in operation in a number of other economies.1 The purpose of the chapter is twofold.
Informatique et Handicapes : Essai de Typologie des Methodes d’Assistance

La question que peuvent se poser de nombreux specialistes, mais aussi le grand public et bien entendu les handicapes, est la suivante : quel peut etre aujourd’hui le contenu de l’intersection (deja exploree ou bien a explorer) entre les possibilites de l’informatique et les besoins des handicapes ?
The Recent Occupation and Industry Employment Patterns of American Veterans

Programs aiming to ease the transition from military to civilian life have increasingly focused on specific occupation areas where veteran skills might overlap with civilian job requirements. This research uses the American Community Survey to examine the occupations and industries that veterans tend to work in as well as how veteran incomes compare to similar nonveterans in each area. Results show that veterans tend to seek civilian occupations where military experience is likely to apply, as areas of veteran overrepresentation echo technical military functions. Furthermore, veterans generally tend to earn higher incomes than similar nonveterans in these areas of potential military–civilian overlap, but most income differences are relatively moderate. The results imply that programs encouraging transitioning military members to find a civilian occupation that is similar to their military experience may better assist those in military occupations with clear civilian applications.
An Adaptive Mediating Agent for Teleconferences

Conference calls represent a natural but limited communication channel between people. Lack of visual contact and limited bandwidth impoverish social cues people typically use to moderate their behavior. This paper presents a system capable of providing timely aural feedback enabling meeting participants to check themselves. The system is able to sense and recognize problems, reason about them, and make decisions on how and when to provide feedback based on an interaction policy. While a hand-crafted policy based on expert insight can be used, it is non-optimal and can be brittle. Instead, we use reinforcement learning to build a system that can adapt to users by interacting with them. To evaluate the system, we first conduct a user study and demonstrate its utility in getting meeting participants to contribute more equally. We then validate the adaptive feedback policy by demonstrating the agent's ability to adapt its action choices to different types of users.
Numerical Investigation of the Ability of Salt Tracers to Represent the Residence Time Distribution of Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Particles

For a long time, salt tracers have been used to measure the residence time distribution (RTD) of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) particles. However, due to limitations in experimental measurements and simulation methods, the ability of salt tracers to faithfully represent RTDs has never been directly investigated. Our current simulation results using coarse-grained computational fluid dynamic coupled with discrete element method (CFD-DEM) with filtered drag models show that the residence time of salt tracers with the same terminal velocity as FCC particles is slightly larger than that of FCC particles. This research also demonstrates the ability of filtered drag models to predict the correct RTD curve for FCC particles while the homogeneous drag model may only be used in the dilute riser flow of Geldart type B particles. Thus, the RTD of large-scale reactors can be efficiently investigated with our proposed numerical method as well as by using the old-fashioned salt tracer technology.
Comparison of Utilization Trends, Indications, and Complications of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Native Versus Donor Hearts (from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2002 to 2014).

Native heart endomyocardial biopsy (NH-EMB) is an infrequently performed procedure. The objective of this study is to describe utilization trends, indications, and complications associated with NH-EMB in the United States and compare them with transplanted heart endomyocardial biopsy (TH-EMB). Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database, we identified 71,105 adult patients undergoing EMB in the inpatient setting in participating hospitals from 2002 to 2014. A total of 20,770 (29%) were performed on NHs (mean age 52.2 ± 15.3, 61% men). Approximately half of patients were white and mean Charlson co-morbidity index was 1.97 ± 1.6. Common indications for NH-EMB included a suspected primary cardiomyopathy (disorder confined to the myocardium), heart failure without cardiogenic shock, and acute myocarditis. Less common indications included heart failure with cardiogenic shock, unexplained heart failure with ventricular tachycardia or high-degree atrioventricular block, and cardiac neoplasms. Complications included pericardial effusion (3.8%), third-degree atrioventricular block (2.7%), vascular complications (1.9%), and deep venous thrombosis (3.5%), in others. Predictors of complications included presence of a cardiac malignant neoplasm, use of hemodynamic support, heart failure with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and female gender. Compared with NH-EMB, TH-EMB was associated with lower rates of pericardial effusion, third-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular tachyarrhythmias requiring cardioversion, and higher rates of deep venous thrombosis, infections, and pneumothorax. NH-EMB utilization is low in the United States and constitutes less than 1/3 of all EMBs performed.
Memory Matters: A Case for Granger Causality in Climate Variability Studies

AbstractIn climate variability studies, lagged linear regression is frequently used to infer causality. While lagged linear regression analysis can often provide valuable information about causal relationships, lagged regression is also susceptible to overreporting significant relationships when one or more of the variables has substantial memory (autocorrelation). Granger causality analysis takes into account the memory of the data and is therefore not susceptible to this issue. A simple Monte Carlo example highlights the advantages of Granger causality, compared to traditional lagged linear regression analysis in situations with one or more highly autocorrelated variables. Differences between the two approaches are further explored in two illustrative examples applicable to large-scale climate variability studies. Given that Granger causality is straightforward to calculate, Granger causality analysis may be preferable to traditional lagged regression analysis when one or more datasets has large memory.
Identification of genetic variants associated with dengue or West Nile virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dengue and West Nile viruses are highly cross-reactive and have numerous parallels in geography, potential vector host (Aedes family of mosquitoes), and initial symptoms of infection. While the vast majority (> 80%) of both dengue and West Nile virus infections result in asymptomatic infections, a minority of individuals experience symptomatic infection and an even smaller proportion develop severe disease. The mechanisms by which these infections lead to severe disease in a subset of infected individuals is incompletely understood, but individual host differences including genetic factors and immune responses have been proposed. We sought to identify genetic risk factors that are associated with more severe disease outcomes for both viruses in order to shed light on possible shared mechanisms of resistance and potential therapeutic interventions. We applied a search strategy using four major databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Global Health) to find all known genetic associations identified to date with dengue or West Nile virus disease. Here we present a review of our findings and a meta-analysis of genetic variants identified. We found genetic variations that are significantly associated with infections of these viruses. In particular we found variation within the OAS1 (meta-OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69–1.00) and CCR5 (meta-OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–1.53) genes is significantly associated with West Nile virus disease, while variation within MICB (meta-OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.68–3.29), PLCE1 (meta-OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.42–0.71), MBL2 (meta-OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.02–2.31), and IFN-γ (meta-OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.30–4.71), is associated with dengue disease. Despite substantial heterogeneity in populations studied, genes examined, and methodology, significant associations with genetic variants were found across studies within both diseases. These gene associations suggest a key role for immune mechanisms in susceptibility to severe disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of these genes in disease pathogenesis and may reveal additional genetic factors associated with disease severity.
Hand Movements and Braille Reading Efficiency: Data from the Alphabetic Braille and Contracted Braille Study:

Using a subset of data from the Alphabetic Braille and Contracted Braille Study, researchers analyzed the patterns and characteristics of hand movements as predictors of reading performance. Statis...
CELL SURVIVAL, EXCISION REPAIR AND DNA REPLICATION IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS

ABSTRACT Excision repair is a major set of pathways by which damage is removed from DNA; mutations that affect excision result in large increases (5–10 fold) in UV sensitivity in mammalian cells. Mutations that affect excision-repair indirectly, or that affect the cell cycle, DNA chain growth, replicon organization, etc., may result in smaller increases (2–4 fold) in UV sensitivity. The rate of excision repair depends on the nature and location of damaged sites and their relationship to chromatin Structure and the functional state of DNA. Excision of damage involves nicks which relax the supercoiling of DNA and may prevent replicon initiation, thus indirectly affecting the rate of DNA replication. Perturbations in replication are coupled to the cell's excision-repair capacity and “post-replication repair” may merely be a descriptive term for these perturbations and not a discrete repair system.
Viscosity and Relaxation Approximation for Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws

These lecture notes deal with the approximation of conservation laws via viscosity or relaxation. The following topics are covered:
Parents’ Goals and Preschool Education

Preschool program options for families in Israel are far greater than those available to families in the United States today. The largest preschool program in America is Project Head Start, a comprehensive child development program begun in the summer of 1965. It is the last remnant of President Lyndon S. Johnson’s “War on Poverty” and has served more than six million children since it began. The term “comprehensive” means that Head Start is more than an educational program; it is designed to bring health care, social services, nutrition, and psychological services to preschool disadvantaged children and to involve their parents and/or community people as volunteers and paid employees in the program. Head Start was originally a small eight-week summer enrichment program aimed at helping poor children catch up with their more advantaged peers by the time they entered school together. The initial response to this program was overwhelming and now almost every county in the United States has a Head Start program. Head Start is a social action program designed to equalize educational opportunity for the very young through early medical screening and psychological assessment, by feeding hungry children and by providing social services to their families. In the area of parent involvement, however, there is still a long way to go.
Methods for the Isolation of Phosphoproteins and Phosphopeptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Toward Increased Functional Phosphoproteomics

Reversible phosphorylation is arguably the best understood, if not the most important mechanism a cell employs to dynamically regulate protein (and thereby cellular) activity. In recent years the field of proteomics has acquired an impressive tool kit with which to study protein phosphorylation on a more global scale. These tools build upon classical techniques and incorporate novel methodologies, all propelled by rapid advances in mass spectrometers that function with increased speed, sensitivity and resolution. The depth and breadth of phosphoproteomic analyses are becoming increasingly comprehensive from both cumulative and single-study perspectives. Phosphoproteomics is now poised to become increasingly functional as experimental design incorporates the amassed wealth of current biological understanding with novel technologies and quantitative mass spectrometry. In this chapter, three important phosphoproteomic sample preparation methodologies are described: classical phospho-dependent affinity chromatography, tandem strong cation exchange-immobilized metal affinity chromatography (SCX-IMAC), and immunoaffinity chromatography. Each method is discussed with an eye toward designing experiments that maximize phospho-dependent functional understanding.
Comparison of Geologic and Seismic Structure of Uppermost Fast-Spreading Oceanic Crust: Insights From a Crustal Cross-Section at the Hess Deep Rift

Based on studies of ophiolites (Moores and Vine, 1971; Casey and Karson, 1981; Lippard et al., 1986; Nicolas, 1989) and limited deep drilling (Becker et al., 1988; Alt et al., 1993), the uppermost 2 km of oceanic crust created at fast-to intermediate-rate (>50 mm/yr, full spreading rate) mid-ocean ridge spreading centers is generally considered to consist of a series of laterally continuous geologic units. The upper unit includes basaltic lavas mostly with pillow and lobate morphologies with lesser tabular sheet flows. The lavas are underlain by a “sheeted dike complex” composed of side-byside, vertical, tabular, basaltic intrusions. Dikes are ~1 m wide and represent incremental spreading events accommodated by the injection of basaltic magma from an underlying magma body (Delaney et al., 1998). Slowly crystallizing magma beneath the sheeted dike complex forms coarse-grained gabbroic rocks that constitute the bulk of oceanic crust (Sinton and Detrick, 1992). Thus, the basaltic lavas and sheeted dikes represent a relatively fine-grained, intrusive/extrusive carapace that overlies an axial magma chamber or its products. These rock units form the basis for the interpretation of the geology and geophysics of oceanic crust and, by inference, processes beneath mid-ocean ridge spreading centers.
Postoperative Glucose Management

Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is a risk factor for postoperative wound infections. Most current guidelines recommend a target blood glucose of 150 mg/dl in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia. The risk for infection and for an increased length of stay rises with blood glucose > 180 mg/dl, while length of stay and the risk of mortality rise with blood glucose < 80 mg/dl. Therefore, it is important to have protocols in place that are able to maintain most blood glucose levels between 100 and 180 mg/dl while avoiding hypoglycemia.