Evaluation of the effect of the integrated echinococcosis control program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018

Objective To evaluate the effect of the integrated echinococcosis control program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018. Methods A package of integrated interventions were employed for echinococcosis control in 22 counties (districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including screening of human echinococcosis, treatment of echinococcosis patients, deworming of domestic dogs and monitoring of infections, surveillance of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, health education. The detection of human echinococcosis, seroprevalence of anti- Echinococcus antibody in children at ages of 6 to 12 years, the Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate in domestic dogs, prevalence of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge were investigated and compared during the period between 2011 and 2018. Results The detection of human echinococcosis appeared a decline tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years during the period from 2011 to 2018 ( χ 2 trend = 82.22, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of human echinococcosis decreased from 0.31% in 2011 to 0.15% in 2018. The seroprevalence of anti- Echinococcus antibody appeared a decline tendency in children at ages of 6 to 12 years over years ( χ 2 trend = 439.64, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of anti- Echinococcus antibody decreased from 6.12% in 2011 to 0.67% in 2018. The Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate appeared a decline tendency in domestic dogs over years ( χ 2 trend = 260.33, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of anti- Echinococcus antibody decreased from 7.11% in 2011 to 0.75% in 2018. The prevalence of bovine and sheep echinococcosis reduced from 3.26% and 5.08% in 2011 to 1.35% and 0.76% in 2018, and Echinococcus predominantly parasitized in bovine (92.00%) and sheep (93.94%) livers. A total of 63 stool samples were collected from red fox, wolf and badger in Xiji and Haiyuan counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2013 and 2014, with no Echinococcus coproantigen-positives detected, and 107 domestic cats and 3 domestic dogs were dissected in these two counties, with no Echinococcus found. A total of 6 046 wild mice were dissected in Xiji County, Yuanzhou District and Haiyuan County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2019, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis was 0.31%. The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge appeared an increasing tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years from 2011 to 2018 ( χ 2 trend = 3 367.97, P < 0.01), and the awareness increased from 21.83% in 2011 to 72.24% in 2018. Conclusion The integrated echinococcosis control program achieves a remarkable effect in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the transmission of echinococcosis has been preliminarily controlled. However, the echinococcosis transmission risk remains in few regions, and the integrated echinococcosis control program remains to be reinforced. ［摘要］ 目的 评价2011—2018年宁夏回族自治区棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果。 方法 2011—2018年在宁夏回 族自治区22个县 (市、区) 开展人群棘球蚴病筛查、病人救治、家犬驱虫与感染监测、牛羊患病监测、人群健康教育为主的 棘球蚴病综合防治措施, 比较2011—2018年人群棘球蚴病检出率、6～12 岁儿童血清抗棘球蚴抗体阳性率、家犬粪棘球 绦虫抗原阳性率、牛羊棘球蚴患病率、人群棘球蚴防治知识知晓率变化。 结果 2011—2018年, 宁夏回族自治区人群棘 球蚴病检出率呈逐年下降趋势 ( χ 2 趋势= 82.22, P < 0.05), 由2011年的0.31%下降到2018年的0.15%; 6～12 岁儿童血清抗 棘球蚴抗体阳性率呈逐年下降趋势 ( χ 2 趋势= 439.64, P < 0.01), 由2011年的6.12%下降至2018年的0.67%; 家犬粪抗原阳 性率呈逐年下降趋势 ( χ 2 趋势= 260.33, P < 0.05), 由2011年的7.11%下降至2018年的0.75%; 牛棘球蚴病患病率由2011年 的3.26%下降至2018年的1.35%, 羊棘球蚴病患病率由2011年的5.08%下降至2018年的0.76%, 且棘球绦虫主要寄生于 牛 (占92.00%) 、羊 (占93.94%) 肝脏。2013—2014年, 在宁夏回族自治区西吉县和海原县采集红狐、狼、獾等野生动物粪 便63份, 未检出阳性粪便; 在2个县累计解剖家猫107只、家犬3只, 均未检出棘球绦虫。2016—2019年, 在宁夏回族自 治区西吉县、原州区和海原县累计解剖野鼠6 046只, 多房棘球绦虫感染率为0.31%。2011—2018年, 宁夏回族自治区人 群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率呈逐年上升趋势 ( χ 2 趋势= 3 367.97, P < 0.01), 由2011年的21.83%上升至2018年的72.24%。 结论 宁夏回族自治区棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果显著, 棘球蚴病流行得到初步控制; 但少数地区棘球蚴病传播风 险依然存在, 仍需加强棘球蚴病综合防治工作。