cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF GEOMATERIALS WITHIN THEORY OF POROUS MEDIA

It is widely accepted that the mechanical behavior of saturated geomaterials is largely governed by the interaction of the solid skeleton with the fluids present in the pore structure. This interaction is particularly strong in quasi-static and dynamic problems and may lead to the catastrophic loss of strength known as liquefaction, which frequently occurs under earthquake loading. In this work, numerical simulations of saturated granular deposits under transient loads are presented to illustrate the performance of a u-p-U finite-element method formulation and the versatility of the numerical implementation. Closed-form solutions based on both a Biot formulation and modern theories of mixtures are compared with numerical results. In addition, centrifuge experimental results are correlated with numerical simulations. A companion paper presents the details of the theoretical formulation and the numerical implementation within the finite-element method.
Stability of Self-Control Hirschi’s Redefined Self-Control

In 2004, Hirschi redefined self-control by using the framework of his social control theory while retaining assumptions of his original self-control theory. A few studies have provided supportive evidence for the relationship between the newly defined self-control and deviant behavior, whereas no study has tested stability hypothesis by using this new self-control. This is the first study that examines whether the stability hypothesis is still valid in the revised self-control theory. A recent longitudinal national sample of South Korean youths has been used for this purpose. Correlation analysis revealed moderate relationships among self-control measures for 5 years. Self-control differences across genders and across offenders/nonoffenders were significant and consistent. Finally, the results of growth-mixture modeling indicated that 89.5% of the sample exhibited stable group differences in self-control. These findings provide support for the stability thesis in the new version of self-control theory. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Four-dimensional processing of deformable cardiac PET data

A 4D deformable motion algorithm is described for use in the motion compensation of gated cardiac PET. The algorithm makes use of temporal continuity and a non-uniform elastic material model to provide improved estimates of heart motion between time frames. Temporal continuity is enforced by two methods. First, a prediction motion field is calculated using an assumption of constant particle velocity between time frames. Second, incremental motion fields are used as initializations for the estimation of motion fields between distant time frames. The prediction fields augment the algorithm's ability to estimate motion between noisy adjacent time frames, and the concatenated incremental motion fields improve estimation for large deformations. The estimated motion fields are used to establish a voxel correspondence between volumes, and produce a motion compensated composite volume.
9: Multivariate Analysis in Educational Research:

There has been a sharp increase during the past decade in the use of multivariate analysis in research in the behavioral sciences and education. This is a healthy trend because educational research inherently involves many variables, both as predictors and criteria. We seldom seek to predict educational outcomes from a single variable, and we seldom assess them with single criterion variables.
Combining partial order alignment and progressive multiple sequence alignment increases alignment speed and scalability to very large alignment problems

Motivation: Partial order alignment (POA) has been proposed as a new approach to multiple sequence alignment (MSA), which can be combined with existing methods such as progressive alignment. This is important for addressing problems both in the original version of POA (such as order sensitivity) and in standard progressive alignment programs (such as information loss in complex alignments, especially surrounding gap regions). Results: We have developed a new Partial Order--Partial Order alignment algorithm that optimally aligns a pair of MSAs and which therefore can be applied directly to progressive alignment methods such as CLUSTAL. Using this algorithm, we show the combined Progressive POA alignment method yields results comparable with the best available MSA programs (CLUSTALW, DIALIGN2, T-COFFEE) but is far faster. For example, depending on the level of sequence similarity, aligning 1000 sequences, each 500 amino acids long, took 15 min (at 90% average identity) to 44 min (at 30% identity) on a standard PC. For large alignments, Progressive POA was 10--30 times faster than the fastest of the three previous methods (CLUSTALW). These data suggest that POA-based methods can scale to much larger alignment problems than possible for previous methods. Availability: The POA source code is available at http://www.bioinformatics.ucla.edu/poa
Mathematical Model of the Behavioral Stream Measurement

Motivation theory is coming of age and it carries the unmistakable stamp of Jack Atkinson. In this chapter I intend both to help the rest of you to document Atkinson’s influence on the psychology of motivation and to argue that motivation theory is coming of age.
Treating Hepatitis C in a Ryan White-Funded HIV Clinic: Has the Treatment Uptake Improved in the Interferon-Free Directly Active Antiviral Era?

Now that highly efficacious, interferon-free (IFN-free), direct acting antivirals (DAA) for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) have closed the gap between treatment and cure, identifying barriers that prevent initiation of treatment is more crucial than ever. This is a retrospective study utilizing Electronic Medical Records and Prior Authorization Records to identify HCV treatment gaps, including predictors for intention-to-treat and treatment initiation in the first 15 months of a Ryan White funded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV co-infection clinic. This study included 128 adults ≥ 18 years old with HIV and chronic HCV infection who had visited the treatment center at least once since January 2013. Provider intent-to-treat was used to differentiate patients actively considered for treatment based on documentation kept by a multidisciplinary HCV team. Members of this group who had gone on to initiate treatment were identified. Baseline characteristics were compared. Rates of active treatment consideration and treatment initiation were 30% and 14%, respectively. HCV treatment-naive individuals were less likely to be considered for treatment [risk ratio (RR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.32] and initiate therapy (RR 2.33, 95% CI 0.97-5.60). Advanced liver disease had no significant association. Black race (RR 1.96, 95% CI 0.90-4.25) and Medicaid insurance holders (RR 1.90, 95% CI 0.95-3.82) tended to be less likely to initiate therapy. The availability of IFN-free DAA regimens has yet to increase HCV treatment uptake in our HIV/HCV co-infected population. Barriers to HCV treatment initiation have shifted from medical contraindications to socioeconomic variables.
Coats Syndrome in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy Type 1

Investigators at University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Hopital Archet-CHU de Nice, France; and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, studied the frequency of Coats syndrome and its association with D4Z4 contraction size in 408 patients identified with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1).
The Links between Imitation and Social Referencing

Two directions stand out in the current rethinking of development during infancy; one emphasizes the biologically given abilities and inclinations of the infant as a foundation for development, while the other stresses the infant’s social orientation and involvement from the earliest days of life. These two directions converge in studies of preverbal communication. The earliest communicative exchanges between infants and their adult partners are thought to rely on the sensitivity of both partners to certain aspects of human action, which seem to have biologically given significance. In the course of social exchanges, however, an infant’s developing understanding of reality is influenced by the meanings and interpretations given to actions and events by those interacting with the infant. Thus, the cultural understanding of the world soon begins to be reflected in various facets of infant activities.
Storage of platelets at 4°C in platelet additive solutions prevents aggregate formation and preserves platelet functional responses

BACKGROUND Platelet (PLT) storage has been limited to 5 days at room temperature due to metabolic decline and risk for bacterial contamination. Refrigeration preserves PLT metabolism and function as well as limits bacterial growth; however, cold storage of PLTs also leads to aggregate formation. We hypothesized that storage of PLT concentrates at 4°C leads to glycoprotein (GP)IIb-IIIa activation and thus aggregate formation through fibrinogen binding and that this could be prevented by storing PLTs in PLT additive solution (PAS) without compromising PLT function. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Apheresis PLTs in plasma (AP) or apheresis PLTs in PAS were stored at 22 or 4°C for up to 15 days. Measurements include PLT counts, blood gases, aggregation response, flow cytometry analysis of integrin levels, activation markers, and microparticle formation. RESULTS Storage of AP 4°C led to a gradual decline in PLT count and an increase in aggregate formation that was mediated by intracellular calcium leak and fibrinogen receptor activation. Storage of PAS at 4°C prevented aggregate formation due to dilution of plasma fibrinogen. PAS stored at 4°C maintained aggregation responses to multiple agonists better than 22°C controls. CONCLUSION Storage of AP at 4°C leads to low level GPIIb-IIIa activation and results in aggregate formation over time. Separating the PLTs from the plasma component and storing them in PAS at 4°C resolves aggregate formation and preserves the metabolic and functional responses of these stored PLTs.
Microbial Control of Sea Spray Aerosol Composition: A Tale of Two Blooms

With the oceans covering 71% of the Earth, sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles profoundly impact climate through their ability to scatter solar radiation and serve as seeds for cloud formation. The climate properties can change when sea salt particles become mixed with insoluble organic material formed in ocean regions with phytoplankton blooms. Currently, the extent to which SSA chemical composition and climate properties are altered by biological processes in the ocean is uncertain. To better understand the factors controlling SSA composition, we carried out a mesocosm study in an isolated ocean-atmosphere facility containing 3,400 gallons of natural seawater. Over the course of the study, two successive phytoplankton blooms resulted in SSA with vastly different composition and properties. During the first bloom, aliphatic-rich organics were enhanced in submicron SSA and tracked the abundance of phytoplankton as indicated by chlorophyll-a concentrations. In contrast, the second bloom showed no enhancement...
Abstract A26: Impact of PARP1 on AR signaling and therapeutic response in prostate cancer

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) modifies various nuclear proteins by poly (ADP-ribose)-ylation, and has a known role in a multitude of chromatin-associated functions, including: transcriptional coregulation, modification of chromatin structure, regulation of insulators, and well-established activities in DNA repair. With regard to nuclear receptors, PARP1 promotes recruitment of topoisomerase IIβ (TopoIIβ) to estrogen-regulated promoters, leading to promoter DNA cleavage, factor exchange, and transcriptional activation. However, PARP1 function is known to be context dependent. Here, the impact of PARP1 on AR signaling was assessed under conditions of prostate cancer relevance. As will be discussed, key preliminary data strongly suggest that PARP1 function is critical for the pro-tumorigenic functions of AR. First, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity potently suppressed ligand-dependent AR transcriptional activity on target genes of clinical relevance. As it is well established that AR is involved in all stages of disease, PARP inhibition could potentially serve to prevent progression. Second, the mechanism of PARP1-mediated AR regulation appears to be manifest at the level of chromatin, as inhibition of PARP1 failed to alter AR protein levels. This was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to delineate the impact on AR signaling. Third, it was shown that suppression of PARP1 specifically inhibited AR-dependent prostate cancer cell proliferation in both early stage and late stage (castrate-resistant) models of disease. This observation could potentially lead to studies to determine if PARP inhibition can prevent the transition to castrate resistance, as there is some evidence that PARP inhibition can decrease relapse in models of mammary tumors. Lastly, it was observed that PARP1 inhibition cooperates with currently used genotoxic therapeutic modalities (IR and Docetaxel) in reducing cell survival, dependent on treatment scheduling. In sum, our data identify PARP1 as a critical effector of AR activity at the level of chromatin, and suggest that abrogation of PARP1 function may cooperate with existing therapeutics to improve the response to therapeutic intervention and may serve as a means to prevent disease progression. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):A26.
Optical band gaps of selected ternary sulfide minerals

Optical band gaps for a set of 23 ternary and quaternary sulfide minerals have been measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Comparison of band gaps measured by diffuse reflectance with band gaps determined by single-crystal methods for 12 binary sulfides demonstrates that the diffuse reflectance measurement produces results accurate to within 0.1 eV. Unlike the band gaps of binary sulfides that plot linearly with various measures of bond energy, the ternary and quaternary sulfides cluster within ranges determined by the chemical composition. The band gaps for the ternary and quaternary sulfides tend to lie between the band gaps of the component binary sulfides.
Assessment of Airway Smooth Muscle Structure and Function with Birefringence Endomicroscopy

Here we present an imaging modality capable of assessing airway smooth muscle structure and function in vivo. We believe this technology will be extremely beneficial in understanding, phenotyping, and monitoring the treatment of, asthma.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Controls Proliferation of Keratinocytes From Children With Van der Woude Syndrome.

Objective: Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is critical for craniofacial development, epidermal differentiation, and tissue repair. IRF6 mutations cause Van der Woude Syndrome (VWS) and Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome. Individuals with VWS exhibit craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip and palate and lip pits. Furthermore, they have an increased risk for wound-healing complications following surgical repair when compared with patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). However, nothing is known about the skin of these patients. The objective was to characterize the skin of patients with VWS. We hypothesize that IRF6 is required for proper skin homeostasis in humans. Design: Discarded tissue from a hip was collected during surgical alveolar bone graft. Samples from children with VWS harboring IRF6 mutations (n = 2) were compared with samples from children with NSCLP (n = 7). Histology was assessed following hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expressions of Proliferating Cell Nuclear ...
Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway and Cardiovascular Disease

Nitric oxide(NO) plays an important role in cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide synthase is the key enzyme during the synthesis process of nitric oxide. Different nitric oxide synthases have different effects on cardiovascular disease. Interference with nitric oxide synthase may be a new important method of treatment of cardiovascular disease. This article focuses on the effect of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide pathway on cardiovascular disease.
A closed form solution to the one-ball geolocation problem

We address the problem of determining the source location of an electromagnetic signal from the signal received by one or more moving receivers. We base our process on cross-spectral methods that were developed in the early 1980’s for analysis and demodulation/despreading of communication and spread spectrum signals and were later applied to speech processing and speech enhancement. In this article, we expand the concept of robust polynomial tracking, which we demonstrate may be used to solve for the emitter location in closed form. This is accomplished by generating and solving a system of equations representing curves, each of which passes through the emitter location.
Localization of a vitronectin binding region of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

The PAI-1 binding site for VN was studied using two independent methods. PAI-1 was cleaved by Staph V8 protease, producing 8 fragments, only 2 of which bound to [ 125 I]-VN. These fragments were predicted to overlap between residues 91-130. Since PAI-2 has structural homology to PAI-1, but does not bind to vitronectin, chimeras of PAI-1 and PAI-2 were constructed. Four chimeras, containing PAI-1 residues 1-70, 1-105, 1-114, and 1-167 were constructed and expressed in vitro. PAI- 1, PAI-2, and all of the chimeras retained inhibitory activity for t-PA, but only the chimera containing PAI-1 residues 1-167 formed a complex with VN. Together, these results predict that the VN binding site of PAI-1 is between residues 115-130
Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction Using Stomach and the Artificial Sphincter

AbstractWe implanted the artificial urinary sphincter at gastrocystoplasty in 13 male and 5 female patients. The diagnoses were classical bladder exstrophy (8 patients), myelodysplasia (8), cloacal exstrophy (1) and bilateral ectopic ureters (1). Mean patient age was 14.3 years (range 7 to 32.5). Six patients (5 with bladder exstrophy and 1 with cloacal exstrophy) had failed bladder neck continence procedures, 3 myelodysplastic patients had failed artificial urinary sphincter placement, and 1 exstrophy patient had failed a Young-Dees bladder neck repair and artificial urinary sphincter placement. The sphincter cuff was placed around the reconstructed bladder neck in these patients, while in the remainder the artificial urinary sphincter was placed around the intact bladder neck. Mean followup was 20.3 months (range 1 to 5). Of the patients 16 (88%) are continent day and night, while 2 are wet. A total of 11 patients (61%) use Valsalva’s maneuver alone for voiding and the remainder use Valsalva’s maneuver ...
Variable reporting of functional outcomes and return to play in superior labrum anterior and posterior tear.

Background Outcomes assessments after superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tear/repair are highly varied, making it difficult to draw comparisons across the literature. This study examined the inconsistency in outcomes reporting in the SLAP tear literature. We hypothesize that there is significant variability in outcomes reporting and that although most studies may report return to play, time to return reporting will be highly variable. Methods The PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically reviewed for studies from January 2000 to December 2014 reporting outcomes after SLAP tear/repair. Two reviewers assessed each study, and those meeting inclusion criteria were examined for pertinent data. Outcomes included objective (range of motion, strength, clinical examinations, and imaging) and subjective (patient-reported outcomes, satisfaction, activities of daily living, and return to play) measures. Results Of the 56 included studies, 43% documented range of motion, 14% reported strength, and 16% noted postoperative imaging. There was significant variation in use of patient-reported outcomes measures, with the 3 most commonly noted measures reported in 20% to 55% of studies. Return to play was noted in 75% of studies, and 23% reported time to return, with greater rates in elite athletes. Eleven studies (20%) did not report follow-up or noted data with Conclusions The SLAP literature is characterized by substantial variability in outcomes reporting, with time to return to play noted in few studies. Efforts to standardize outcomes reporting would facilitate comparisons across the literature and improve our understanding of the prognosis of this injury.
Distinct ecological niche of anal, oral, and cervical mucosal microbiomes in adolescent women

Human body sites represent ecological niches for microorganisms, each providing variations in microbial exposure, nutrient availability, microbial competition, and host immunological responses. In this study, we investigated the oral, anal, and cervical microbiomes from the same 20 sexually active adolescent females, using culture-independent, next-generation sequencing. DNA from each sample was amplified for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and sequenced on an Illumina platform using paired-end reads. Across the three anatomical niches, we found significant differences in bacterial community composition and diversity. Overall anal samples were dominated with Prevotella and Bacteriodes, oral samples with Streptococcus and Prevotella, and cervical samples with Lactobacillus. The microbiomes of a few cervical samples clustered with anal samples in weighted principal coordinate analyses, due in part to a higher proportion of Prevotella in those samples. Additionally, cervical samples had the lowest alpha diversity. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of distinct microbial communities across body sites within the same individual.
Platform for security-aware design of human-on-the-loop cyber-physical systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are commonly supervisory control systems where a human-on-the-loop (HOL) supervises one or more autonomous systems, while embedded autonomy allows the operators to intermittently attend to the system and other tasks. Thus, it is imperative that the design of any security-aware CPS considers the impact of the human interaction with the system on security guarantees. Yet, there has been very little work on design of Human-CPS that promotes human situational awareness for enhanced system performance, particularly in terms of cyber-physical security and real-time defense against attacks. One of the main obstacles to the rapid advancement of this field is the scarcity of testbeds for evaluating security-aware Human-CPS interactions.We present RESCHU-SA, an extendable virtual platform that facilitates studying the impact that HOL has on security of CPS with varying levels of autonomy. It allows users to analyze how inductive reasoning and ability to provide context, particularly during an attack, affects the overall CPS security guarantees. The proposed platform is an extension of the Research Environment for Supervisory Control of Heterogeneous Unmanned Vehicles (RESCHU) simulation environment, previously used in various applications including studies focused on supervising Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) missions and evaluation of interface usability.
Complications Related to Linear Staplers

Linear staplers have become a critical element in the surgical armamentarium of the robotic urologic surgeon and are routinely used to ligate large vessels and resect bowel segments. The most commonly used stapler is the endovascular gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapler. Specifically, these staplers are used to control the renal hilar vessels during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RALRN) and the dorsal venous complex (DVC) during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). As robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RALRC) gains popularity and intracorporeal diversions are performed, stapled bowel anastomoses present their own set of unique complications. In general, these staplers function well and provide excellent vascular control, but complications may occur, and their consequences can vary from minor to life-threatening sequelae.
Learning-Based Cloth Material Recovery from Video

Image and video understanding enables better reconstruction of the physical world. Existing methods focus largely on geometry and visual appearance of the reconstructed scene. In this paper, we extend the frontier in image understanding and present a method to recover the material properties of cloth from a video. Previous cloth material recovery methods often require markers or complex experimental set-up to acquire physical properties, or are limited to certain types of images or videos. Our approach takes advantages of the appearance changes of the moving cloth to infer its physical properties. To extract information about the cloth, our method characterizes both the motion and the visual appearance of the cloth geometry. We apply the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to material recovery of cloth from videos. We also exploit simulated data to help statistical learning of mapping between the visual appearance and material type of the cloth. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated via validation using both the simulated datasets and the real-life recorded videos.
Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism is Associated with Inferior Survival among Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy with Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: We investigated the incidence and survival impact of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after nephrectomy with inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 183 patients who underwent nephrectomy with inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy (level I-IV) for renal cell carcinoma between 2000 and 2010. Postoperative venous thromboembolism was defined as symptomatic bland thrombus or embolism confirmed on imaging. The cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations of clinicopathological features with time to thromboembolism after surgery and all cause mortality were evaluated on multivariable analysis with Cox models.Results: Symptomatic venous thromboembolism developed in 55 patients a median of 23 days (IQR 5–142) postoperatively, including pulmonary thrombosis in 24, deep venous thrombosis in 17, bland inferior vena cava thrombosis in 13 and portal vein thrombosis in 1. The cumulative in...
Phototherapy of Hyperbilirubinemia

Jaundice occurs in about half of all newly born infants, and is the visible expression of high concentrations of bilirubin in the circulating plasma. Bilirubin, a tetrapyrrole pigment derived from the heme moiety of hemoglobin, is carried in plasma bound primarily to albumin; small amounts may also be bound to red cell membranes. If the production of bilirubin exceeds the infant’s ability to conjugate and excrete it, this pigment accumulates in the circulation, a condition called “hyperbilirubinemia,” and thence is deposited in the skin and other tissues. If the amount of bilirubin in the plasma exceeds the available binding sites, it is believed to circulate in a free (unbound or loosely bound) form that can enter and damage the neural tissue of the brain, especially the basal ganglia.
Challenges in reliable quantum computing

Quantum computing is a new and promising technology with the potential of exponentially powerful computation - if only a large-scale one can be built. There are several challenges in building a large-scale quantum computer - fabrication, verification, and architecture. The power of quantum computing comes from the ability to store a complex state in a single bit. This also what makes quantum systems difficult to build, verify, and design. Quantum states are fragile, so fabrication must be precise, and bits must often operate at very low temperatures. Unfortunately, the complete state may not be measured precisely, so verification is difficult. Imagine verifying an operation that is expected to not always get the same answer, but only an answer with a particular probability! Finally, errors occur much more often than with classical computing, making error correction the dominant task that quantum architectures need to perform well. We provide a basic tutorial of quantum computation for the system designer and examine the fundamental design and verification issues in constructing scalable quantum computers. We find the primary issues to be the verification of precise fabrication constraints, the design of quantum communication mechanisms, and the design of classical control circuitry for quantum operation.
Influence of Capsular Penetration on Progression Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Study of 196 Cases with Long-Term Followup

We studied 196 radical prostatectomy cases performed for clinical stage B prostate cancer with capsular penetration; in all cases seminal vesicles and lymph nodes were free of tumor. The mean followup in patients who showed no evidence of progression was 5 years. Focal capsular penetration was seen in 93 cases. There was no difference in progression in this group, irrespective of whether margins were negative or positive. High grade tumors (Gleason score 7 or more) had a significantly higher risk of progression compared to lower grade tumors (p = 0.0002). Established capsular penetration was seen in 103 tumors. Cancers with established capsular penetration had a higher risk of progression than those with focal capsular penetration. Established capsular penetration tumors were stratified into 3 groups with increasing risks of progression: 1) margins were negative and grade was low, 2) margins were positive or grade was high yet both adverse features were not present or 3) margins were positive and grade was high. The differences in progression among these 3 groups were statistically significant. Because of the negligible influence of positive margins in patients with focal capsular penetration the status of capsular margins should not influence the decision on whether to administer immediate postoperative adjuvant therapy. To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapy following radical prostatectomy, tumors with capsular penetration should be stratified into groups having similar risks of progression according to the extent of capsular penetration, surgical margins of resection and grade.
Stepwise Mammary Carcinogenesis: Immunological Considerations

The literature provides ample evidence that mammary carcinogenesis is a nonrandom event influenced by such risk factors as ethnic group, family history, age, parity and, perhaps, nutritional factors (Lilienfeld 1963; Macklin 1959; Vakil and Morgan 1973). It is, therefore, not surprising that patients who develop a cancer in one breast are at a greatly increased risk of developing a second primary breast cancer (Harrington 1946; McCredie et al. 1975). In response to such observations some have gone so far as to recommend prophylactic removal of the “second” breast (Leis 1979). Certainly it is clinically and conceptually important to take note of the increased risk of second breast cancers. However, it may be of even greater importance to consider the paradox that among patients who have the necessary and sufficient requirements to develop breast cancer, only a small minority will develop a primary cancer in the second breast. This is all the more surprising in view of the similarity in microscopic structure, mammographic patterns, and physical proximity of the two breasts. Moreover, the relatively low incidence of second primaries persists regardless of the age at diagnosis of the first lesion, family history, parity, or any constellation of known risk factors.
Disproportionately Overrepresented: Women in Local Elected Offices

This research examines the position of county clerk, where women are numerically disproportionately over-represented. Using data collected from the National Association of Counties and the U.S. Cen...
Reduction of lymphocele rate in patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy for melanoma by intraoperative placement of plant-based hemostatic powder: Results of a prospective trial.

Abstract Background Lymphocele is a complication of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for melanoma. Plant-based hemostatic powder (PBHP) may have a lymphostatic benefit. We studied whether PBHP placed intraoperatively could reduce lymphocele rates. Methods We performed an open label, prospective, IRB -approved, before- and-after, matched control trial of PBHP placed into the wound in patients undergoing SNB of groin or axillary nodes for melanoma staging. Patient/tumor features and lymphocele rates were compared by standard statistical tests. Results 66 control and 66 treatment (49 axillary and 17 groin in each arm) SNBs were performed in 61 and 55 patients, respectively, for a total 132 SNBs in 116 patients. Patient and tumor features were similar between groups. Nineteen lymphoceles occurred (14.4%); lymphocele rates were 22.2% (14/66) in the control group and 7.6% (5/66) in the treatment group (p = 0.026). The reduction in lymphocele rates between arms was greater for axillary than for groin sites (87.5% vs. 33%); the axillary reduction was statistically significant (p = 0.030). Conclusions Intra-operative placement of PBHP reduced the rate of lymphoceles in patients undergoing SNB for melanoma.
An Interactive Online Educational Applet for Multiple Frequencies of Radar Observations

AbstractRadar is an important tool for investigating and forecasting processes in Earth’s atmosphere. More specifically, multiple frequencies of radar with sensitivities to cloud and precipitation ...
Using Smartphones to Capture Novel Recovery Metrics After Cancer Surgery

Importance Patient-generated health data captured from smartphone sensors have the potential to better quantify the physical outcomes of surgery. The ability of these data to discriminate between postoperative trends in physical activity remains unknown. Objective To assess whether physical activity captured from smartphone accelerometer data can be used to describe postoperative recovery among patients undergoing cancer operations. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective observational cohort study was conducted from July 2017 to April 2019 in a single academic tertiary care hospital in the United States. Preoperatively, adults (age ≥18 years) who spoke English and were undergoing elective operations for skin, soft tissue, head, neck, and abdominal cancers were approached. Patients were excluded if they did not own a smartphone. Exposures Study participants downloaded an application that collected smartphone accelerometer data continuously for 1 week preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end points were trends in daily exertional activity and the ability to achieve at least 60 minutes of daily exertional activity after surgery among patients with vs without a clinically significant postoperative event. Postoperative events were defined as complications, emergency department presentations, readmissions, reoperations, and mortality. Results A total of 139 individuals were approached. In the 62 enrolled patients, who were followed up for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 147 (77-179) days, there were no preprocedural differences between patients with vs without a postoperative event. Seventeen patients (27%) experienced a postoperative event. These patients had longer operations than those without a postoperative event (median [IQR], 225 [152-402] minutes vs 107 [68-174] minutes;P Conclusions and Relevance Smartphone accelerometer data can describe differences in postoperative physical activity among patients with vs without a postoperative event. These data help objectively quantify patient-centered surgical recovery, which have the potential to improve and promote shared decision-making, recovery monitoring, and patient engagement.
Numerical Simulation of Rotational Flows

In this paper steady, inviscid, compressible two-dimensional and axisymmetric flows (with swirl) are studied. The present calculations are different in many aspects from the majority of the simulations available in literature.
Supply Chain Resilience in the Global Financial Crisis: An Empirical Study on Japan

Intricate trading networks have emerged in East Asia. They are associated with technology transfer, mushrooming productivity growth, and tumbling prices for final goods. This chapter recounts the emergence and evolution of manufacturing production networks in the region. It then documents the burgeoning surpluses between Asia and the rest of the world in goods produced within these regional value chains. Empirical evidence indicates that exchange rates throughout the supply chain affect these surpluses. Given intense pushback against globalization, as evidenced by the British vote to exit the European Union, a harmonized appreciation of Asian currencies would be desirable to reduce the risks of protectionism. To increase the resilience of supply chains, Asian countries should also improve infrastructure, fight corruption, strengthen protections for intellectual property rights, improve the supply of electricity, and invest in the health and education of its people.
Validating an automated image identification process of a passive image-assisted dietary assessment method: proof of concept.

OBJECTIVE To validate an automated food image identification system, DietCam, which has not been validated, in identifying foods with different shapes and complexities from passively taken digital images. DESIGN Participants wore Sony SmartEyeglass that automatically took three images per second, while two meals containing four foods, representing regular- (i.e., cookies) and irregular-shaped (i.e., chips) foods and single (i.e., grapes) and complex (i.e., chicken and rice) foods, were consumed. Non-blurry images from the meals' first 5 min were coded by human raters and compared with DietCam results. Comparisons produced four outcomes: true positive (rater/DietCam reports yes for food), false positive (rater reports no food; DietCam reports food), true negative (rater/DietCam reports no food) or false negative (rater reports food; DietCam reports no food). SETTING Laboratory meal. PARTICIPANTS Thirty men and women (25·1 ± 6·6 years, 22·7 ± 1·6 kg/m2, 46·7 % White). RESULTS Identification accuracy was 81·2 and 79·7 % in meals A and B, respectively (food and non-food images) and 78·7 and 77·5 % in meals A and B, respectively (food images only). For food images only, no effect of food shape or complexity was found. When different types of images, such as 100 % food in the image and on the plate, <100 % food in the image and on the plate and food not on the plate, were analysed separately, images with food on the plate had a slightly higher accuracy. CONCLUSIONS DietCam shows promise in automated food image identification, and DietCam is most accurate when images show food on the plate.
Biodiversity Issues in Romanian Forest Management Planning

Loss of biodiversity is a global issue affecting on an increasing scale European forests too. The forests of Romania should be managed taking into account the necessity of preserving their high level of biodiversity. The paper outlines the ways biodiversity conservation is achieved in protected areas set up within the forest estate of Romania. Based on the fact that an exhaustive research project for solving the basic issues concerning the theoretical and practical aspects of biodiversity is time-consuming and requires an important financial effort, the paper focuses on some straightforward, practical means of biodiversity conservation within the commercially utilised forests of Romania.
Supporting the Health and Well-Being of a Diverse Student Population

Over the past several decades, higher education institutions have become increasingly diverse across several dimensions of social identity including race, class status, sexuality, nationality, veteran status, and ability. While researchers and practitioners tend to focus on identifying the health and well-being needs of students along individual social identities, they miss the opportunity to consider the complex lived experiences of students with multiple identities at their intersections. This chapter presents the case for college healthcare providers and administrators to develop and sustain equity-minded, culturally humble, and power-conscious college health centers to support the health and well-being needs of a diverse student population. After presenting overviews of these three conceptual frameworks, this chapter presents practical recommendations for college healthcare providers and administrators to operationalize these tenets in their college health centers.
Assessment of malnutrition by unintentional weight loss and its implications on oncologic outcomes in patient with locally advanced cervical cancer receiving primary chemoradiation.

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence, risk factors for, and clinical implications of unintentional weight loss on oncologic outcomes in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) treated with concurrent chemotherapy and contemporary radiation techniques. Methods This a single-institution, retrospective cohort study of patients with LACC who received definitive chemoradiation (CRT) from 2010 to 2015. Clinicopathologic factors were abstracted by chart review and characterized using descriptive statistics. Factors associated with severe weight loss (≥10% from baseline) were determined by Chi-square test. Time-to-event analysis was performed using the Kaplan Meier method and regression was performed using the Cox Proportional hazards model. Results One hundred and eight patients comprised the cohort. The majority of patients were White, obese, and had squamous histology. Almost 80% of patients experienced at least some weight loss, with 14% of patients experiencing severe weight loss. Patients with FIGO 2009 stage 3 or 4 disease had a 3.4-fold increased risk of severe weight loss compared to those with earlier stage disease. Patients who had severe weight loss had a higher risk for death (HR = 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77, 7.37, p = 0.036) and a trend toward high risk for recurrence (HR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.46, 3.32, p = 0.107) compared to patients without severe weight loss. Conclusion Unintentional weight loss is a common symptom of patients with LACC receiving CRT that affects oncologic outcomes, yet it remains under-recognized. Increased awareness of weight loss and malnutrition may encourage interventions to improve this potentially modifiable risk factor for worse prognosis and quality of life.
Vom Code des Kapitals zu Experimentellem Pluralismus

Der folgende Beitrag kontextualisiert Katharina Pistors „Code of Capital“ vor dem Hintergrund okonomischer Analysen und den ihrem Ansatz vorausgegangenen Denkschulen. Nach einleitenden Worten zu Ungleichheit und okonomischen Dogmen wird gezeigt, welch fundamentale Rolle das Recht in vermeintlich naturlichen Instituten der Wirtschaft, wie Geld oder Kredit, einnimmt. Pistors Thesen aufgreifend und diskutierend sollen auch Gedankenanstose im Sinne einer radikalen Kritik geliefert werden, wie und auf welcher Grundlage gesellschaftliche Veranderung gedacht und experimentelle Ansatze dafur formuliert werden konnen.
Opening up Educational Practices through Faculty, Librarian, and Student Collaboration in OER Creation: Moving from Labor-intensive to Supervisory Involvement

This article presents a case study for transitioning library-led open-educational resources (OER) initiatives away from labor-intensive activities to a model where library personnel focus on project management responsibilities. This shift from labour-intensive activities, such as workshops and training sessions, led to more collaborative partnerships with faculty and students to produce OER projects. In particular, we focus on labour implications for the various stakeholders involved and the sustainability of these initiatives. We describe several initiatives undertaken by the Ohio University Libraries to encourage open educational resource adoptions and projects, including a grant-funded initiative to provide support services for faculty creating OER. That funding, which was awarded to enhance undergraduate education, has been used to support the development of five OER projects that have directly involved students in the creation of those materials. We provide an overview of the various ways in which students have become involved in OER creation in partnership with faculty and librarians and discuss the impact these partnerships have had on student-faculty-librarian relationships and student engagement. Among these projects are an Hispanic linguistics open textbook created using only student-authored texts, student-generated test banks to accompany existing OER materials for a large-enrollment art history course, and several other projects in which hired student assistants are helping faculty to develop content for open textbooks. This article helps to address a gap in the literature by providing transparency regarding the personnel, costs, and workflow for Ohio University Libraries’ OER initiatives and addressing potential areas of concern surrounding student labour.
Modeling and experimental study of oil/water contact angle on biomimetic micro-parallel-patterned self-cleaning surfaces of selected alloys used in water industry

Abstract In the present study, the wetting behavior of surfaces of various common metallic materials used in the water industry including C84400 brass, commercially pure aluminum (99.0% pure), Nickle–Molybdenum alloy (Hastelloy C22), and 316 Stainless Steel prepared by mechanical abrasion and contact angles of several materials after mechanical abrasion were measured. A model to estimate roughness factor, R f , and fraction of solid/oil interface, ƒ so , for surfaces prepared by mechanical abrasion is proposed based on the assumption that abrasive particles acting on a metallic surface would result in scratches parallel to each other and each scratch would have a semi-round cross-section. The model geometrically describes the relation between sandpaper particle size and water/oil contact angle predicted by both the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter contact type, which can then be used for comparison with experimental data to find which regime is active. Results show that brass and Hastelloy followed Cassie–Baxter behavior, aluminum followed Wenzel behavior and stainless steel exhibited a transition from Wenzel to Cassie–Baxter. Microstructural studies have also been done to rule out effects beyond the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter theories such as size of structural details.