cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laminar differences in the spatiotemporal structure of simple cell receptive fields in cat area 17.

Previous studies of cat visual cortex have shown that the spatiotemporal (S-T) structure of simple cell receptive fields correlates with direction selectivity. However, great heterogeneity exists in the relationship and this has implications for models. Here we report a laminar basis for some of the heterogeneity. S-T structure and direction selectivity were measured in 101 cells using stationary counterphasing and drifting gratings, respectively. Two procedures were used to assess S-T structure and its relation to direction selectivity. In the first, the S-T orientations of receptive fields were quantified by fitting response temporal phase versus stimulus spatial phase data. In the second procedure, conventional linear predictions of direction selectivity were computed from the amplitudes and phases of responses to stationary gratings. Extracellular recording locations were reconstructed histologically. Among direction-selective cells, S-T orientation was greatest in layer 4B and it correlated well (r = 0.76) with direction selectivity. In layer 6, S-T orientation was uniformly low, overlapping little with layer 4B, and it was not correlated with directional tuning. Layer 4A was intermediate in S-T orientation and its relation (r = 0.46) to direction selectivity. The same laminar patterns were observed using conventional linear predictions. The patterns do not reflect laminar differences in direction selectivity since the layers were equivalent in directional tuning. We also evaluated a model of linear spatiotemporal summation followed by a static nonlinear amplification (exponent model) to account for direction selectivity. The values of the exponents were estimated from differences between linearly predicted and actual amplitude modulations to counterphasing gratings. Comparing these exponents with another exponent -that required to obtain perfect matches between linearly predicted and measured directional tuning- indicates that an exponent model largely accounts for direction selectivity in most cells in layer 4, particularly layer 4B, but not in layer 6. Dynamic nonlinearities seem essential for cells in layer 6. We suggest that these laminar differences may partly reflect the differential involvement of geniculocortical and intracortical mechanisms.
BalestraWeb: efficient online evaluation of drug-target interactions.

Summary: BalestraWeb is an online server that allows users to instantly make predictions about the potential occurrence of interactions between any given drug–target pair, or predict the most likely interaction partners of any drug or target listed in the DrugBank. It also permits users to identify most similar drugs or most similar targets based on their interaction patterns. Outputs help to develop hypotheses about drug repurposing as well as potential side effects. Availability and implementation: BalestraWeb is accessible at http://balestra.csb.pitt.edu/. The tool is built using a probabilistic matrix factorization method and DrugBank v3, and the latent variable models are trained using the GraphLab collaborative filtering toolkit. The server is implemented using Python, Flask, NumPy and SciPy. Contact: ude.ttip@rahab
Understanding Social and Emotional Needs as an Approach in Developing a Positive Classroom Environment.

The classroom environment is an important aspect of classroom management that concerns many teachers. Properly engaging students in the classroom can foster a positive environment. This study examines social and emotional needs of students and its implications in developing a positive classroom. How can meeting social and emotional needs of children help teachers create an engaging and productive learning environment? This study examines aspects of social and emotional needs as they are used in creating a positive classroom environment. The problem is that teachers have difficulty controlling student behavior in the classroom. While there are many approaches to behavioral management, most of them rely on teacher control without emphasizing student responsibility, internal control. A review of the literature reveals that teachers need to be connected with their students by understanding their needs and seeing things from their point of view. Understanding the social and emotional components in student behavior is important in developing a constructive and positive environment for learning. This study followed qualitative research design utilizing teacher interviews and researcher observations. Participants were purposely chosen for their expertise in social and emotional needs of students. The classroom observations took place in a 3 and 4 grade combination classroom. Results indicate that teachers need to focus on the positive aspects of the students to get them to exhibit positive behaviors. Teachers need to consciously address the social and emotional needs of children in creating a classroom environment that is productive and positive. Emotional Intelligence and Classroom Management 8 CHAPTER
Violent offending predicts P300 amplitude

Prior work has consistently revealed a relationship between antisocial behavior and reduced P300 amplitude. Fewer studies have directly evaluated behavioral indices of aggression and P300, and those that have generally do not account for potential mediating variables such as age, intelligence, and behavioral task performance. The current study assessed the relationship between the total number of convicted violent and non-violent offenses and P300 in a sample of inmates from a medium security state prison. Violent offenses evidenced a robust negative relationship with P300 amplitude, whereas non-violent offenses did not. Additional analyses evaluated age, intelligence, and behavioral task performance as potential mediating variables. Only reaction time significantly predicted P300 amplitude, and mediational analyses showed that this relationship did not account for the violent-offense/P300 relationship. Findings are discussed in terms of personality correlates and neurobiological process related to aggression. There is long-standing interest in the notion that antisocial behavior, and aggression in particular, involves neurobiologically-based deficits in information processing. Neuropsychological research has revealed that antisocial behavior is associated with impaired executive function (c.f. Morgan and Lilienfeld, 2000), and neuroimaging studies have consistently identified frontal lobe abnormalities among violent offenders (Goyer et al., 1994; Raine et al., 1997; Raine et al., 2000; Volkow et al., 1995). Furthermore, research using event-related brain potentials has indicated that antisocial behavior is associated with reduced P300 responses to task-relevant stimuli in target detection tasks (e.g., Bauer et al., 1994; Iacono et al., 2003). These deficits may reflect inefficient neural processing of salient environmental stimuli (Donchin and Coles, 1988), which could potentially contribute to risk for antisocial deviance. Notably, antisocial behavior encompasses both violent and nonviolent transgressions. One unresolved issue is whether P300 amplitude is associated with both violent and non-violent forms of antisocial behavior, or more predominantly with aggressive forms of acting out. Some research has examined P300 response in aggressive individuals specifically (e.g., Barratt et al., 1997); this work has revealed that reduced P300 amplitude is selectively related to impulsive, but not instrumental, aggression. However, this work has not compared associations for aggressive versus non-aggressive offending behavior. Thus, the aim of the present study was to replicate and extend prior research on antisocial behavior and brain response by examining relations between violent and non-violent offenses and P300 amplitude in a sample of adult male inmates. Our prediction was that reduced P300 response would be associated more predominantly with a history of violent offending, and that this effect would be independent of age, intelligence, and task performance effects.
Recipes for Pork and Other Delicious Offerings for the New Administration

Is pork produced by feeble budgetary processes? By fixing weak budgetary procedures, can wasteful spending and opportunities for corruption be reduced? This essay looks at three varieties of pork: earmarked, ad hoc, and presidential. What can be done to curb the excesses of each one? By examining the problem of congressional earmarking, this timely article proposes a new process for controlling “earmarked” pork by supporting a new (constitutional) presidential line-item veto/reprogramming. “Ad hoc pork,” generated by emergency or stimulus bills, is also analyzed. Its downsides can be fixed, according to the essay, by creating a preapproved roadmap for the appropriations process, thereby enhancing the quality of spending oversight. Finally, “presidential pork” derives from chief executives rewarding congressional allies and from government agencies allocating program resources so as to engender support from congressional members. This third variety of pork can be controlled if agencies improve their operational transparency plus strengthen their procedures for selecting projects. What happens when you put good people in a bad place, good apples in a bad barrel? Do the apples change the barrel, or does the barrel change the apples? —Philip Zimbardo, 2008
PITUITARY ADENOMAS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

✓ Pituitary adenomas are uncommon in childhood. Between 1975 and 1988, 36 patients underwent trans-sphenoidal resection at the Mayo Clinic before their 17th birthday. Fifteen (41.7%) had prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumors, 16 (44.4%) had adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumors (including two patients with Nelson-Salassa syndrome), and three (8.3%) had tumors secreting growth hormone (GH); two patients (5.6%) had clinically nonfunctioning tumors. Of the 36 patients, 21 (58.3%) were girls, and girls predominated in every group except that with ACTH-secreting tumors, where they accounted for only 37.5% of the patients. The average age at the time of surgery was 14.7 ± 2.2 years, the youngest patient being 7.3 years old. The ACTH-secreting tumors were associated with an earlier onset of symptoms than the other tumor types: six (37.5%) of 16 patients became symptomatic before 10 years of age, compared with two (10.0%) of the 20 other patients. Presenting symptoms primarily reflected endocrine dysfunc...
A comparative analysis of implementation mechanisms for packet voice conferencing

A quantitative comparative analysis of alternative implementation methods is presented with respect to network transmission capabilities, gateway design, and the presence or absence of silence detection algorithms. Performance measures presented include station, gateway, and network workloads. In presenting the results, the authors account for the effects of different network configurations and capabilities. In particular, they distinguish between multicast-capable and nonmulticast-capable networks. Results are given for conferences on a single network and across interconnected networks. >
In vitro activity of RU29246. The metabolite of a new HR916 cephalosporin ester.

Abstract Compound RU29246 (RU) is the active metabolite of an orally absorpted cephalosporin ester HR916. The RU spectrum of activity includes the majority of Enterobacteriaceae species, Haemophilus influenzae , pathogenic Neisseria spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter antiratus , staphylococci, and Streptococcus spp. Pseudomonas species and enterococci were routinely resistant to RU. The RU spectrum was most similar to cefixime against the Gram-negative bacilli and to cefuroxime against the Gram-positive organisms. RU was bactericidal and its mean inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were not greatly increased by high inoculum concentrations. Many strains producing various β-lactamases generally remained susceptible to RU by MIC tests. However, isolates with extended broad spectrum β-lactamases capable of hydrolyzing cefotaxime and ceftazidime were also resistant to RU. Broth and agar RU MICs were comparable. Its activity was increased against enterococci in the presence of blood products.
Inhibitory effects of anesthetics and ethanol on muscarinic receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Abstract Anesthetics (and ethanol) are known to produce amnesia as well as immobilization. Recent identification of a nonimmobilizing (nonanesthetic) agent (F6 or 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane) that impairs learning and memory suggests that distinct mechanisms may be responsible for these two actions of anesthetic agents. Muscarinic receptors are believed to play a role in memory and learning, and we asked if a specific subtype of these receptors is affected by anesthetics as well as the new nonanesthetic. We investigated the effects of halothane, a novel halogenated anesthetic compound F3 (1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane) and ethanol on acetylcholine-induced current mediated by a muscarinic m 1 receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We also studied the effects of halogenated nonanesthetic compounds, F6 and F8 (2,3-chlorooctafluorobutane) on muscarinic m 1 receptors. Halothane, F3, F6 and ethanol inhibited muscarinic m 1 receptor-induced Ca 2+ -dependent Cl − currents at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. F8 had no effect on acetylcholine-induced muscarinic m 1 receptor function. The protein kinase C inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X), enhanced the acetylcholine-induced current and the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), inhibited this current. GF109203X abolished the inhibitory effects of halothane, F3 and ethanol on muscarinic m 1 receptors but had no effect on actions of F6. These results demonstrate that anesthetics and a nonanesthetic inhibit the function of muscarinic m 1 receptors and suggest activation of protein kinase C as the mechanism of action of anesthetics and ethanol on these receptors.
Characterization of Products from the Reactions of Dopamine Quinone with N-Acetylcysteine

Abstract The reactions between electrochemically prepared dopamine (DA) quinone and N -acetylcysteine (NACySH), a protein model nucleophile, have been investigated at pH 7 and pH 2. Major products were purified by semipreparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be nucleophilic addition products of the quinone with NACySH. The principal product is the monoaddition adduct of the quinone at C(5) of the ring, 5- S -( N -acetylcysteinyl)dopamine. The diaddition adduct of the quinone at C(2) and C(5) of the ring, 2,5- S , S ′-di-( N -acetylcysteinyl)dopamine, and the monoaddition product at C(2) of the ring, 2- S -( N -acetylcysteinyl)dopamine, are produced to lesser extents. The relative molar ratio of 2- S -( N -acetylcysteinyl)dopamine, 5- S -( N -acetylcysteinyl)dopamine, and 2,5- S , S ′-di-( N -acetylcysteinyl)dopamine produced at pH 7 is approximately 8:59:33, whereas at pH 2 the ratio is 10:89:1. The uv/vis spectroscopic analysis shows that the two monoaddition products have maxima at 258 and 294 nm, whereas the diaddition product has a maximum at 276 nm and a shoulder at 302 nm. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry demonstrate that these adducts are oxidized more readily than DA, which causes the anodic current for the oxidation of DA in the presence of NACySH to be kinetically controlled by the rates of the addition reactions. A reaction scheme is proposed for the formation of these products.
A critical evaluation of methods for the prediction of critical properties of hydrocarbons

A critical evaluation and modification of the available methods for the estimation of critical properties of pure hydrocarbons was undertaken to determine the most accurate method which has general applicability with minimum input data. As a result of the study, the method of Nokay as modified by the authors is recommended for the estimation of critical temperature while the method of Reidel is the best general method for critical volume. For critical pressure the Lydersen method is preferred for saturated hydrocarbons, while the method of Forman and Thodos is somewhat better for unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Physical activity and telomere length in early stage breast cancer survivors.

Introduction Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker of accumulated cellular damage and human aging. Evidence in healthy populations suggests that TL is impacted by a host of psychosocial and lifestyle factors, including physical activity. This is the first study to evaluate the relationship between self-reported physical activity and telomere length in early stage breast cancer survivors.
Expertomica Cells

Summary: Expertomica Cells is a program for the creation and analysis of pedigree plots from time-lapse micrographs of cell monolayers. It enables recording the basic events in a cell cycle, cell neighbourhoods and spatial migration. The output is both numeric and graphical. The software helps to lower main hurdles in the manual analysis of cell monolayer development to practical limits; it reduces the operator processing time of typical experiment containing 5000 consecutive images from the usual 3 months to 3–10 h. Availability and Implementation: Freely available on the web at http://www.expertomicacells.tk or http://www.expertomicacells.wu.cz. The source code is implemented in JAVA 6 and supported by Linux, Mac and MS Windows. Contact: levitner@ufb.jcu.cz Supplementary information:Supplementary data available at Bioinformatics online.
Faraday resonance in thin sedimentary layers

SUMMARY It is well established that earthquake waves passing through soft alluvial valleys and sedimentary basins will generally amplify, so that signals are stronger, longer and more complex on such sites than on adjacent crystalline rocks. One anomalous feature of the amplification there is the rather significant variability in the recorded strong ground motion, especially over relatively short length-scales. This paper explains such short-scale variability in the amplification factor by proposing a novel seismic resonance mechanism in thin flat layers. The variability is attributed to the subharmonic generation of standing elastic waves on the surface of the deposit. Nodal regions of little horizontal shaking, or little destruction, are separated by antinodal regions of strong horizontal shaking, i.e. significant damage. Vertical ground shaking follows a similar pattern. The subharmonic surface waves are forced by the vertical component of an input seismic shaking at the base of the deposit, through a linear instability mechanism in the layer. A perturbation theory is worked out to describe the conditions for resonance, and a small shaking-tank experiment is conducted to confirm some of the theoretical findings.
New phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for cancer

Introduction: Cancer treatment is moving away from conventional cytotoxic drugs and towards agents that target specific proteins important to cancer development or survival. The PI3K signaling axis is an important pathway involved in myriad human malignancies. Inhibition of this axis is a promising therapeutic approach for several cancers. Areas covered: This article reviews current literature and recent conference proceedings to analyze the rationale for targeting PI3K and its downstream effectors in cancer. Preclinical and clinical results of several PI3K and PI3K–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in early clinical trials, as single agents and in combination with other drugs, are discussed. Thus far, clinical results have been mixed. Expert opinion: The clinical utility of PI3K and PI3K–mTOR inhibitors will depend on appropriate selection of patients. Mutations in the PI3K pathway may predict sensitivity to PI3K inhibition but they are not reliable biomarkers at this point. Efforts to defi...
Post-Implementation Management in Large-Scale Management Information Systems: Changes, Incident Reports, Help Desk Calls, and Business Process

Proper management of the post-implementation phase of the software development life cycle is necessary in order to achieve proper strategic alignment between the technical operation of the system and organizational strategy. For this reason, it is important to understand the relationship between technical changes to the system, business process changes, process support, and the actual use of the system. This study examines the relationships among these aspects of system maintenance and process support for a key information system at a large, industrial Fortune 500 company. In this case study, we see strong relationships between system use, business process, and the technical maintenance of the system, with the business process acting as the driving force for many of these system-support activities. This case study provides empirical validation for strategic alignment philosophies and models, such as Leavitt’s Model, during the maintenance phase of the software development life cycle.
Contrast-marking prosodic emphasis in Williams syndrome: results of detailed phonetic analysis.

Background Past reports on the speech production of individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) suggest that their prosody is anomalous and may lead to challenges in spoken communication. While existing prosodic assessments confirm that individuals with WS fail to use prosodic emphasis to express contrast, those reports typically lack detailed phonetic analysis of speech data. The present study examines the acoustic properties of speech prosody, aiming for the future development of targeted speech interventions. Aims The study examines the three primary acoustic correlates of prosodic emphasis (duration, intensity, F0) and determines whether individuals with WS have difficulty in producing all or a particular set of the three prosodic cues. Methods & Procedures Speech produced by 12 individuals with WS and 12 chronological age (CA)-matched typically developing individuals were recorded. A sequential picture-naming task elicited production of target phrases in three contexts: (1) no contrast: gorilla with a racket → rabbit with a balloon; (2) contrast on the animal: fox with a balloon → rabbit with a balloon; and (3) contrast on the object: rabbit with a ball → rabbit with a balloon. The three acoustic correlates of prosodic prominence (duration, intensity and F0) were compared across the three referential contexts. Outcomes & Results The two groups exhibited striking similarities in their use of word duration and intensity for expressing contrast. Both groups showed the reduction and enhancement of final lengthening, and the enhancement and reduction of intensity difference for the animal contrast and for the object contrast conditions, respectively. The two groups differed in their use of F0: the CA group produced higher F0 for the animal than for the object regardless of the context, and this difference was enhanced when the animal noun was contrastive. In contrast, the WS group produced higher F0 for the object than for the animal when the object was contrastive. Conclusions & Implications The present data contradict previous assessment results that report a lack of prosodic skills to mark contrast in individuals with WS. The methodological differences that may account for this variability are discussed. The present data suggest that individuals with WS produce appropriate prosodic cues to express contrast, although their use of pitch may be somewhat atypical. Additional data and future speech comprehension studies will determine whether pitch modulation can be targeted for speech intervention in individuals with WS.
Research on Application of Software Engineering Science to Control Configuration of Parameter Entry Typed DCS

As the distributed control system(DCS)of power station is getting increasingly large and complicated,the basic content of DCS configuration in power station is analyzed,and it is suggested that the configuration of parameter entry typed DCS be realized under the guidance of software engineering science.Combined with the engineering application examples of 465 t/h circulating fluidized bed cogeneration units,the task,role and implementation method of such steps as demand analysis,systematic analysis and design,coding,testing and maintenance during configuration are expounded.Practical application results show that the development mode can improve work efficiency and realize the multiplexing of configuration document to the greatest extent;the software design document is complete and convenient for extending function and maintaining software.
Efficacy of Active Participation in Conversation with a Virtual Patient with Alzheimer's Disease.

The objective of our research is to facilitate social conversation between persons affected with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and their caregivers via a future intervention for caregivers. In the intervention, a computer system will enable caregivers to practice spoken conversation with high-fidelity Virtual Patients simulating the verbal and non-verbal behavior of persons with AD (VP-AD). It is hoped that the skills acquired by the caregiver will improve the quality of life of persons with AD and reduce caregiver stress. In this paper, we describe a pilot study intended to evaluate the efficacy of active participation in conversation with a lower fidelity VP-AD in comparison to passive observation of the same VP-AD in conversation. The study found, after 15 minutes or less of practice, a significant increase in use of recommended caregiver communication skills by participants in the active condition.
Does load uncertainty affect adaptation to catch training

Catching relies on anticipatory and compensatory control processes. Load uncertainty increases anticipatory and compensatory neuromotor effort in catching. This experiment tested the effect of load uncertainty in plyometric catch/throw training on elbow flexion reaction time (RT), movement time (MT) and peak torque, as well as the distribution of anticipatory and compensatory neuromotor effort in catching. We expected load uncertainty training to be superior to traditional training for improving elbow flexion MT and peak torque, as well as for reallocating neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory control in catching. Three groups of men (mean age = 21), load knowledge training (K) (n = 14), load uncertainty training (U) (n = 13) and control (C) (n = 14), participated. Groups K and U trained three times/week for 6 weeks using single-arm catch/throw exercises with 0.45-4.08 kg balls. Sets involved 16 repetitions of four different ball masses presented randomly. Group K had knowledge of ball mass on every repetition, whereas group U never did. Change scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests and follow-up Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Group K improved both RT and MT (by 6.2 and 12 %, respectively), whereas group U did not. Both groups K and U improved peak eccentric elbow flexion torque. Group K reallocated neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory processes in the biceps, triceps and the all muscle average, whereas group U did so in the triceps only. In sum, plyometric catch/throw training caused a reallocation of neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory control in catching. However, load uncertainty training did not amplify this effect and in fact appeared to inhibit the reallocation of neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory control.
Percent retention of vitamin C in whipped potatoes after pre-service holding.

Pre-service holding is an important but neglected process step within the conventional food service systems. Dehydrated potatoes (50 one-half-cup servings) were reconstituted, mixed, transferred to a pan, covered, weighed, and placed into a pre-service holding unit for 60 min. at 82 degrees C (179 degrees F) with a 50% RH. Although temperature and time were constantly monitored, statistically significant differences were found for temperatures in both the product and the equipment . Samples of whipped potatoes analyzed for vitamin C were significantly different among the five trials of the experiment, but no differences were found among the three areas in the pan. The mean loss of 36.2% vitamin C under controlled conditions in the laboratory suggests that losses that occur under daily operating conditions in a food service can be much more severe.
Observations of solar chromospheric fine structures in the light of Lyman-α

A Cassegrain telescope with a resolution of 2 sec of arc was successfully flown in an Aerobee-150 rocket from White Sands Missile Range on October 20, 1965. A pinhole, 33 μ in diameter, was placed at the focus of the telescope, followed by a photo-ionization detector with a lithium-fluoride window. The instrument was kept pointed at the sun by a biaxial solar pointing control. Results indicate that in Lyman-α the solar surface shows structures whose characteristic dimensions can be as small as 2 sec of arc, which corresponds to the limit of instrumental resolution. Larger structures with very sharp gradients have also been found. Intensity ratios between bright and dark areas are typically a factor of 1.7. Isophote maps of two small selected areas are discussed in this paper. The results were obtained in an undisturbed (free of plages) portion of the solar disk.
Recursive interpolation filters for video coding

Derivation of FIR/IIR cascades for sub-pixel interpolation filters for video coding is considered. Correct adaptation of reflective and anti-reflective boundary conditions to different poles is proposed. Considered cascades are reported to be unique in the sense of the best trade-off between good precision and low computational costs.
Pollen contamination in seed mixture increases the dominance of resistance to Bt maize in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND Seed mixture, also called ‘RIB’, has been used to provide refuge populations for delaying insect resistance. Pollen contamination in RIB could result in refuge kernels of non-Bt maize expressing variable Bt proteins. Data are lacking regarding the impact of pollen contamination on evolution of resistance for ear-feeding insects. Here, we used Spodoptera frugiperda and Cry1F-maize as a model to examine if pollen contamination in RIB increases the dominance of insect resistance. RESULTS Pollen contamination caused >66% refuge kernels in 5:95% (non-Bt:Bt) and 20:80% RIBs to express Cry1F protein. Survival at adult stage on pure non-Bt ears was similar (54.4–63.3%) among Cry1F-susceptible (SS), Cry1F-resistant (RR) and Cry1F-heterozygous (RS) S. frugiperda. On Bt ears, survival was similar between SS and RS (0.0–1.7%), but it was significantly less than that of RR (59.2%). On the two RIB refuge ears, survival at adult stage for RS (42.3% in 5:95% RIB; 50.0% in 20:80% RIB) was significantly higher than for SS (8.7% in 5:95% RIB; 10.0% in 20:80% RIB). CONCLUSION The results suggest that pollen contamination in RIB could increase the dominance of resistance for ear-feeding insects by significantly reducing susceptible refuge populations and supporting higher survival of heterozygotes relative to homozygous susceptible insects. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Flow-induced vibration analysis of a helical coil steam generator experiment using large eddy simulation

Abstract This paper describes a numerical study of flow-induced vibration in a helical coil steam generator experiment conducted at Argonne National Laboratory in the 1980 s. In the experiment, a half-scale sector model of a steam generator helical coil tube bank was subjected to still and flowing air and water, and the vibrational characteristics were recorded. The research detailed in this document utilizes the multi-physics simulation toolkit SHARP developed at Argonne National Laboratory, in cooperation with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, to simulate the experiment. SHARP uses the spectral element code Nek5000 for fluid dynamics analysis and the finite element code DIABLO for structural analysis. The flow around the coil tubes is modeled in Nek5000 by using a large eddy simulation turbulence model. Transient pressure data on the tube surfaces is sampled and transferred to DIABLO for the structural simulation. The structural response is simulated in DIABLO via an implicit time-marching algorithm and a combination of continuum elements and structural shells. Tube vibration data (acceleration and frequency) are sampled and compared with the experimental data. Currently, only one-way coupling is used, which means that pressure loads from the fluid simulation are transferred to the structural simulation but the resulting structural displacements are not fed back to the fluid simulation.
Fatigue life prediction of composite material's adhesive joints in automotive applications

Composite and adhesive joints are used increasingly in the automotive industry, not only because of the government policy but also their advantages in mechanical properties over traditional materials and joints. An active research area is the fatigue analysis of adhesive joints. In this paper, a methodology to predict the fatigue life of adhesive joint is proposed and implemented into LS-DYNA with the joint modelled using a user-defined cohesive material. Fatigue crack growth rate is used to obtain the fatigue damage accumulation rate in cohesive zone model. Our method is verified by numerical simulations of two commonly used adhesive joints in the automotive industry: single-lap joint and stepped-lap joint. The predicted S-N curve fits well with the experimental data.
Management of Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Tracings

Management of non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns requires an understanding of the pathophysiology that can lead to abnormalities. Although abnormalities suggest fetal distress, false-positives are common. When aberrations are detected, other means of assessing fetal status and nonsurgical interventions should be used when possible [1].
Rear Vehicle Tracking on a Bicycle Using Active Sensor Orientation Control

This paper focuses on the development of an active sensing system for a bicycle to accurately detect and track rear vehicles. A collision detection sensor on a bicycle is required to be inexpensive, small, and lightweight. A single beam laser sensor that meets these constraints is mounted on a rotationally controlled platform for this sensing mission. The rotational orientation of the laser sensor needs to be actively controlled in real time in order to continue to focus on a rear vehicle, as the vehicle’s lateral and longitudinal distances change. This tracking problem requires controlling the real-time angular position of the laser sensor without knowing the future trajectory of the vehicle. The challenge is addressed using a novel receding horizon framework for active control and an interacting multiple model framework for estimation. The features and benefits of this active sensing system are shown first using simulation results. Then, extensive experimental results are presented using an instrumented bicycle to show the performance of the system in detecting and tracking rear vehicles during both straight and turning maneuvers.
Peripheral Ameloblastoma: A Study of 18 Cases and Usage of Ber-EP4 Immunohistochemistry to Rule out a Diagnosis of Intraoral Basal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) is a rare odontogenic tumor arising in the mucosa of tooth-bearing areas of the jaws that typically shows no radiographic evidence of bone involvement. It bears close histologic resemblance to intraoral basal cell carcinoma (IOBCC), an extremely rare entity. In our experience from previous published data, 3 cases of IOBCC were initially misdiagnosed as PA and were later differentiated from PA on the basis of Ber-EP4 protein expression. This unusual but significant experience set the premise for us to rule out a diagnosis of IOBCC by evaluating Ber-EP4 expression in all previously diagnosed cases of PA from the University of Florida Oral Pathology (UFOP) biopsy service archives. Materials and Methods With institutional review board approval, 18 cases of PA were retrieved from the UFOP biopsy service archives. We describe the clinicopathologic features of these cases and discuss the Ber-EP4 immunohistochemical staining performed to rule out a potential diagnosis of IOBCC. In addition, we conducted calretinin and epithelial membrane antigen staining for 1 case of PA. Results Most PAs presented in the lingual gingiva of the posterior mandible. Men were affected twice as often as women, and the average age at the diagnosis was 59 ± 21.5 years. Of the 18 lesions, 13 showed no reactivity to Ber-EP4, 4 displayed patchy membranous immunoreactivity, and 1 demonstrated nonspecific reactivity. Conclusions We have concluded that all cases of PA that present with histologic overlap with basal cell carcinoma, especially those from incisional biopsies, those that appear significantly infiltrative, and those that appear ulcerated and/or demonstrate recurrence should be evaluated with Ber-EP4 to rule out IOBCC.
Sound production patterns of big-clawed snapping shrimp (Alpheus spp.) are influenced by time-of-day and social context

Snapping shrimp are perhaps the most pervasive sources of biological sound in the ocean. The snapping sounds of cryptic shrimp colonies in shallow coastal habitats worldwide create a near-continuous crackling with high spatiotemporal variability, yet the underlying acoustic ecology is not well understood. This study investigated sound production rates and acoustic behavior of snapping shrimp species common in the Western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico (Alpheus heterochaelis and Alpheus angulosus). Snap rates were measured in a controlled laboratory setting under natural light, temperature, and substrate conditions for shrimp held individually, in pairs, and in a ten-shrimp mesocosm, to test hypotheses that acoustic activity varies with time-of-day and social context. Spontaneous snapping was observed for 81 out of 84 solitary shrimp monitored. Time-of-day influenced snap output for individuals and same-sex pairs-higher rates occurred during dusk and night, compared to daylight hours, but this pattern was inconsistent for opposite-sex pairs and a mixed-sex group. These laboratory results provide insight into behavioral rhythms that may influence snapping patterns in natural populations, and underscore the limited understanding of a major sound source in marine environments.
Remaining home: Well-being outcomes and co-occurring parental substance use following a maltreatment investigation in middle childhood

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study is to understand differences in child well-being related to parental substance use among children ages 6–12 who were investigated for maltreatment but not removed from their homes. Children with a substance-using parent in the home are compared to those without a substance-using parent in the home. Methods Longitudinal data from waves 1 and 3 of the second National Study of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) are used. NSCAW II is a national sample of families with children and youth aged birth to 17.5 investigated by child protective services (CPS). A subset of the data (analyzed with domain analysis methods) is used for this study (n = 575). Eight well-being outcomes from four domains (cognitive development, physical health, psychological/behavioral development and social/emotional competence) are analyzed. Findings We hypothesized that (among children investigated for maltreatment and not removed from home) children whose parents used substances would exhibit lower mean levels of well-being at thirty-six months follow-up compared to those whose parents did not use. Unexpectedly, we found no significant differences in well-being levels between children with parents in the home using substances and those without. Conclusions Children with substance-using parents may be able to remain at home over an extended period after investigation, while maintaining well-being levels similar to children at home with parents not using substances. If an effective safety plan can be put in place, this option may provide a path to maintaining safety, permanency and well-being for such children without placement in out-of-home care.
Human Nature and Cyber Weaponry: Use of Denial and Deception in Cyber Counterintelligence

With the increase use of cyber weapons for Internet-based cyber espionage, the need for cyber counterintelligence has become apparent, but counterintelligence remains more art than science because of its focus on tricking human nature—the way people think, feel, and behave. Nevertheless, counterintelligence theory and practice have been extended to domains such as industry and finance, and can be applied to cyber security and active cyber defense. Nonetheless, there are relatively few explicit counterintelligence applications to cyber security reported in the open literature. This chapter describes the mechanisms of cyber denial and deception operations, using a cyber deception methods matrix and a cyber deception chain to build a tailored active cyber defense system for cyber counterintelligence. Cyber counterintelligence with cyber deception can mitigate cyber spy actions within the cyber espionage “kill chain.” The chapter describes how defenders can apply cyber denial and deception in their cyber counterintelligence operations to mitigate a cyber espionage threat and thwart cyber spies. The chapter provides a hypothetical case, based on real cyber espionage operations by a state actor.
Detection of residual lymphoma cells by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood is significantly less predictive for relapse than detection in bone marrow

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the t(14;18) has been shown to be a highly sensitive method to detect minimal residual disease in patients with non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma (NHL) whose tumors bear this translocation. The ideal tissue source to detect residual lymphoma would be from a previously involved lymph node. However, lymphoid tissue is rarely available once patients achieve complete remission. Although PCR amplification has been used to detect residual lymphoma cells in both bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of patients in complete remission, it is presently unknown whether BM and PB are equivalent tissue sources to detect residual disease. In the present study, we compared the clinical utility of the detection of residual lymphoma in both the BM and the PB of patients with advanced-stage non- Hodgkin9s lymphoma before, at the time of, and after high-dose therapy and autologous BM transplantation (ABMT). The detection of residual lymphoma in either the BM or PB was associated with decreased disease- free survival. However, in the present study, 44% of patients who relapsed had no evidence of circulating lymphoma cells in their PB. At the time of BM harvest, PCR-detectable residual lymphoma cells were detected in 211 of 212 patients; although, in a subset of these patients analyzed, lymphoma cells were detected in the peripheral blood of only 49% of patients. When residual lymphoma cells within the autologous BM are infused into the patient these cells are rapidly detectable circulating in the PB in the patient. These cells continue to circulate during the immediate posttransplant period and be detectable in the PB in the majority of patients who are infused with marrow containing residual lymphoma. We conclude that BM is a more informative tissue source than PB in detecting minimal residual disease at the time of and after ABMT, and that contamination of PB early after ABMT appears to be the consequence of reinfusion of lymphoma cells within autologous marrow.
Erecting Walls Versus Tearing Them Down: Inclusion and the (False) Paradox of Diversity in Times of Economic Upheaval

Media images of walls being erected or dismantled symbolize the global dilemma at the heart of the approach toward diversity during economically challenging times. Will communities, organizations, and nations become more isolated, exclusionary, and protective of scarce resources? Or will they embrace diversity for humanistic reasons and its potential to drive economic growth? This paper first critically examines the paradox of diversity and deems it false because it omits the important role of inclusion climate. It then presents a systematic review of the research. Findings indicate that people are more likely to blame ‘the other’ for their economic hardships, and as a result are more likely to express racism, prejudice, and xenophobia, giving rise to intergroup conflicts and strife. Yet research also links diversity with innovation and its potential to uplift and energize economies, a quality that is particularly important during times of economic hardship. Finally, the paper presents a theory‐based conceptual model, highlighting the central role of inclusion, and proposes directions for future research.
Shoulder Range of Motion and Baseball Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective Arm injuries in baseball players are a common problem. The identification of modifiable risk factors, including range of motion (ROM), is essential for injury prevention. The purpose of this review was to assess the methodologic quality and level of evidence in the literature and to investigate the relationship between shoulder ROM and the risk of arm injuries in baseball players. Data Sources Relevant studies in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus published from inception to August 1, 2017. Study Selection Only studies that encompassed healthy baseball cohorts who were assessed for shoulder ROM and prospectively evaluated for injuries throughout a baseball season or seasons were included. Data Extraction Six articles met the search criteria. Only 3 studies were included in the meta-analysis due to disparate participant groups. Data Synthesis The modified Downs and Black scale (0–15 points) was used to analyze methodologic quality. Study quality ranged from 11 to 14. Four studies received hi...
Real-time 3D Reconstruction Using a Combination of Point-Based and Volumetric Fusion

Real-time 3D reconstruction using low-cost commodity sensors like Kinect or Xtion has been successfully applied in a wide range of fields like augmented reality, robotic teleoperation, and medical diagnosis. Due to the assumption of static scene, popular 3D reconstruction technologies such as KinectFusion and KinFu, find truthful reconstruction with fast motion camera or segmenting a moving object to be a challenge. In this paper, we propose a weighted iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm that uses both depth and RGB information to enhance the stability of camera tracking. Additionally, a GPU-based region growing method that combines depth, normal and intensity level as similarity criteria, is also applied to segment foreground moving objects accurately. For real-time processing and GPU memory efficiency, we also design a combination of point-based and volumetric representation to reconstruct moving objects and static scene, respectively. Both qualitative and quantitative results show that our proposed method improves real-time 3D reconstruction on the performance of camera tracking and segmentation of moving objects with reduced computational complexity.