cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Processing and trafficking of clotting factor X in the secretory pathway. Effects of warfarin

Clotting factor X undergoes several post-translational processing steps in the liver before the protein appears in blood as the mature two-chain zymogen. In this study we have followed the factor X precursor through the secretory pathway in rat liver in order to identify the site for proteolytic processing of the precursor into a two-chain form and the site for warfarin inhibition of precursor trafficking within the pathway. Isolated rat liver Golgi apparatus was shown to harbour two single-chains of factor X precursors of 70 and 74 kDa and the heavy (50 kDa) and light chains of factor X. It was demonstrated that the two-chain factor X form was produced from a late processing form of the factor X precursor, which indicated that the site for proteolytic conversion to a two-chain form was in the trans-Golgi compartment. The 70 and 74 kDa single-chain precursors and also the light chain of the two-chain form were shown to contain the factor X propeptide which is normally removed before the coagulation factor appears in blood. The data demonstrate that intra-chain cleavage of a single chain factor X precursor in the trans-Golgi compartment can precede release of the propeptide. Warfarin was shown to affect trafficking of the factor X precursor between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. The data suggest a link between vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of the precursor and its exit from the ER. Warfarin administration resulted in accumulation of factor X precursors associated with the ER membrane. These precursors appear to be stabilized from intracellular degradation while in the ER. In contrast to the large increase in the factor X precursor concentration in the ER membrane, there was no change in the prothrombin precursor concentration as a result of warfarin action on the liver. However, intracellular turnover of the microsomal prothrombin precursor pool in warfarin-treated rats resulted in a pool of less negatively charged proteins, indicating ongoing protein synthesis but inhibition of gamma-carboxylation. The data are consistent with previous findings [Wallin & Martin (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 9994-10001] suggesting that prothrombin and factor X are processed differently by the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase in the ER membrane.
Prediction of stevia liking by sucrose liking: Effects of beverage background.

There is significant concern over the health implications of increased consumption of sugars added to foods and beverages. Understanding the increase in sugar intake, as well as consideration of potential substitutes, will require research in multiple domains. Research on hedonic ratings of sucrose suggests that individuals can be classified into two distinct liking profiles: sweet likers and sweet non-likers. However, no known studies have investigated liking for the natural, non-nutritive sweetener, stevia. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between liking of stevia and liking of sucrose as a function of beverage background. Forty young adults, 20 high concentration and 20 moderate concentration stevia likers, gave intensity and pleasantness ratings for stevia blend and sucrose taste solutions that varied in concentration and background. The results revealed a significant relationship between stevia blend liking and sucrose liking. The majority of stevia high concentration likers were high concentration sucrose likers. Pleasantness ratings also significantly varied as a function of background: the discrepancy in pleasantness ratings between stevia blend high concentration likers and moderate concentration likers observed in distilled water was attenuated in a citric beverage background. The majority of high concentration stevia likers were sucrose likers; however, pleasantness ratings also significantly varied as a function of stimulus background. Limiting sucrose in the modern diet is an important research area for diabetes and other health issues. The results suggest that perception of pleasantness and sweetness at varying sweetener concentrations is not fully generalizable from one beverage background to another.
Evaluate the impact of Role stress on job satisfaction in gender basis among banking industry

This study investigates the effects of Role stress on job satisfaction in gender basis among banks at Manmunai North Divisional Secretariat of Batticaloa district. Role stress is stress causes by the role hold by specific person. Job satisfaction is mentality an individual holds regarding his job. Role stress brings many negative consequences into organization whereas Job satisfaction eliminates the mentality of leaving the organization and leads to many positive behaviors in organization. There are several researches have been conducted related with Role stress and job satisfaction, however in the context effects of Role stress on job satisfaction in gender basis among banks were not much studied in the past. Study population consists of 247 bank employees from 13 banks in Batticaloa. A structured questionnaire was distributed to selected respondents and 100 duly filled questionnaires received back. And research methodology employed by simple random sample method in order to derive sample for this study. The level of each variable was analyzed by analysis of mean and standard deviation. Relationship within variables analyzed through Correlations. And to analyze the impact of variables, regression analysis has been used. Role stress negatively related and impacted to job satisfaction. And the impact of role stress among female is higher compare to male.
CancerLinQ: Origins, Implementation, and Future Directions.

Rapid-learning health systems have been proposed as a potential solution to the problem of quality in medicine, by leveraging data generated from electronic health systems in near-real time to improve quality and reduce cost. Given the complex, dynamic nature of cancer care, a rapid-learning health system offers large potential benefits to oncology practice. In this article, we review the rationale for developing a rapid-learning health system for oncology and describe the sequence of events that led to the development of ASCO’s CancerLinQ (Cancer Learning Intelligence Network for Quality) initiative, as well as the current state of CancerLinQ, including its importance to efforts such as the Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot. We then review the considerable challenges facing optimal implementation of a rapid-learning health system such as CancerLinQ, including integration of rapidly expanding multiomic data, capturing big data from a variety of sources, an evolving competitive landscape, and implementing a rapid...
Aeroelastic Control-Oriented Modeling of an Airbreathing Hypersonic Vehicle

Modeling aeroelastic effects for an airbreathing hypersonic vehicle is challenging due to its tightly integrated airframe and propulsion system that leads to significant deflections in the thrust v...
Teaching Students the Importance of Community Engagement and Awareness in the Areas of Mental Health and Addiction

Social work is community practice. Although many students of social work prefer to focus on gaining direct practice knowledge and skills, the need for them to be able to engage within communities is essential to them being effective practitioners. Social work has always emphasized the person-in-environment approach addressing individual and social problems. Since the 1960s, the treatment of mental health and addictions in the field has transferred progressively from large, in-patient institutions to community-based organizations. Practice in this field has become synonymous with community practice in the present day. Therefore, it requires social workers to adopt the systems approach to providing effective and impactful treatment for the affected population. This chapter helps to define the evolving meaning of community, illustrate the basic concepts of community practice, and highlight the benefits of community engagement in the field of mental health and addictions. Critical skills necessarily to practice in the community context while ensuring health well-being of the individuals and families we serve are elucidated.
A Boy with Poor Psychosocial Development and Eventual Psychotic Disorder: A Pediatrician’s Struggle to Prevail in a Hostile Treatment Environment

This is a complex pediatric case, followed from age 8 to adulthood. The patient initially presented with allergic-spectrum illness complicated by poor social and academic performance. A major disruptive issue from the start of treatment was profound disagreement between the (divorced) parents about managing their son’s healthcare. The result of this breach was disruptions of care adherence and thus, continuity. Legal involvement was ultimately necessary to manage this case. The patient’s psychiatric illness was itself complex (including elements of anxiety, depression, and psychosis) and created increased challenges in care for an already highly complex case.
Numerically Stable and Reliable Computation of Electromagnetic Modes in Multilayered Waveguides Using the Cauchy Integration Method With Automatic Differentiation

A robust and efficient method is presented for the computation of the electromagnetic modes supported by planar multilayer waveguides that may comprise lossy, active, plasmonic, and uniaxial media, including graphene sheets. Pole-free and numerically stable dispersion functions (DFs) are developed for various shielding configurations using the $S$ -matrix formulation. The modal propagation constants are computed by the Cauchy integration method on the four-sheeted Riemann surface, using the derivative of the DF for greater reliability. Since analytical derivatives of the S-parameters are difficult to obtain, automatic differentiation is employed, implemented by operator overloading in modern Fortran. The method is validated using various benchmark problems found in the literature.
Teachers’ Perspectives on the Consequences of Managing Classroom Climate

Well-managed, emotionally positive preschool classrooms promote academic and social success (Mashburn et al. in Child Dev 79(3):732–749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01154.x , 2008). Therefore, learning standards and practitioner guidelines emphasize the maintenance of a positive, well-managed classroom climate (Schonert-Reichl et al., in: Durlak, Domitrovich, Weissberg, Gullotta (eds) Handbook of social and emotional learning: research and practice, The Guilford Press, New York, 2016). The present study qualitatively explores how this emphasis on classroom climate shapes teachers’ perceptions of their own and children’s emotions in the classroom. Three themes emerged around creating a positive, well-managed classroom climate. Specifically, teachers tended to perceive their own and their students’ emotions as hindrances. Also, teachers desired additional training to prepare themselves to create and maintain a positive, well-managed classroom climate. Participants were 31 lead preschool teachers working at 10 private and publicly funded preschool centers in the Mid-Atlantic region. Three major themes emerged from the coded focus group transcripts. First, teachers viewed children’s emotions as requiring management and detracting from class climate. Second, teachers viewed their own emotions as prominent determinants of classroom climate. Third, teachers wanted more support in creating and maintaining positive, well-managed classroom climates. The data described here suggest that the early-childhood education field must better support teachers with clear guidance about managing classroom climate and their own emotional well-being.
Computer Analysis of Trussed Domes

The following analysis of a steel dome is illustrated by solving a specific problem, using the powerful computer program that is internationally known and available world wide wherever IBM services are provided. The System STRUDL II was originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and it is still available, although new upgraded versions are also offered such as the one by Georgia Tech. The problem is presented to the attention of the reader as a simple analytical tool and can be applied by following the step-by-step sequence illustrated hereafter.
Hardness and Approximation of Network Vulnerability

Assessing network vulnerability is a central research topic to understand networks structures, thus providing an efficient way to protect them from attacks and other disruptive events. Existing vulnerability assessments mainly focus on investigating the inhomogeneous properties of graph elements, node degree, for example; however, these measures and the corresponding heuristic solutions cannot either provide an accurate evaluation over general network topologies
Zuotin, a putative Z-DNA binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A putative Z-DNA binding protein, named zuotin, was purified from a yeast nuclear extract by means of a Z-DNA binding assay using [32P]poly(dG-m5dC) and [32P]oligo(dG-Br5dC)22 in the presence of B-DNA competitor. Poly(dG-Br5dC) in the Z-form competed well for the binding of a zuotin containing fraction, but salmon sperm DNA, poly(dG-dC) and poly(dA-dT) were not effective. Negatively supercoiled plasmid pUC19 did not compete, whereas an otherwise identical plasmid pUC19(CG), which contained a (dG-dC)7 segment in the Z-form was an excellent competitor. A Southwestern blot using [32P]poly(dG-m5dC) as a probe in the presence of MgCl2 identified a protein having a molecular weight of 51 kDa. The 51 kDa zuotin was partially sequenced at the N-terminal and the gene, ZUO1, was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli; the expressed zuotin showed similar Z-DNA binding activity, but with lower affinity than zuotin that had been partially purified from yeast. Zuotin was deduced to have a number of potential phosphorylation sites including two CDC28 (homologous to the human and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc2) phosphorylation sites. The hexapeptide motif KYHPDK was found in zuotin as well as in several yeast proteins, DnaJ of E.coli, csp29 and csp32 proteins of Drosophila and the small t and large T antigens of the polyoma virus. A 60 amino acid segment of zuotin has similarity to several histone H1 sequences. Disruption of ZUO1 in yeast resulted in a slow growth phenotype.
Parametric Solution Algorithms for Large-Scale Mixed-Integer Fractional Programming Problems and Applications in Process Systems Engineering

Abstract In this work, we proposed novel parametric algorithms for solving large-scale mixed- integer linear and nonlinear fractional programming problems. By developing an equivalent parametric formulation of the general mixed-integer fractional program (MIFP), we propose exact parametric algorithms based on the root-finding methods for the global optimization of MIFPs. We also propose an inexact parametric algorithm that can potentially outperform the exact parametric algorithms for some types of MIFPs. Extensive computational studies are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of these parametric algorithms and to compare them with the general-purpose mixed-integer nonlinear programming methods. The applications of the proposed algorithms are illustrated through a case study on process scheduling and demonstrate the economic benefits of applying the proposed algorithms to practical application problems.
Evaluation of the feasibility and use of a prototype remote drug delivery capsule (RDDC) for non-invasive regional drug absorption studies in the GI tract of man and beagle dog.

Purpose. Evaluate a prototype Remote Drug Delivery Capsule (RDDC) for use in beagle dogs and human volunteers for non-invasive drug absorption studies in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Scholarship-Practice “Oneness” of an Academic Career: The Entrepreneurial Pursuit of an Expansive View of Management Scholarship

Management scholars in the West engage in a variety of work that tends to divide between scholarly research and practical endeavors. The schism has not historically existed in China and the East, where scholarship and practice are by tradition regarded as an integrated whole. This paper seeks to narrow the gulf by exploring the conception of management scholarship in the global context, a concern that goes to the heart of what an academic career in management means today, and how scholars may contribute to research and the profession in general. The paper conveys lessons and insights from my three decades of scholarly work developing competitive dynamics and ambicultural management as distinctive research domains, as well as academic and business ventures I have founded to support my research. All these entrepreneurial undertakings are grounded in an expansive, integrated Chinese” view of management scholarship. Academics seeking to explore synergies between scholarship and practice and to achieve a balanced career anchored in research may find that my entrepreneurial efforts to integrate scholarly and practical ventures offer a useful guide.
Transistor Optimization with Novel Cavity for Advanced FinFET Technology

We present a novel cavity engineering work – we named this cavity as dual-curvature cavity, which improves pFET electrical performance. This new cavity shape design minimizes the source/drain leakage penalty from deeper cavity depth while enabling the transistor performance benefits from larger eSiGe. In addition, this new cavity shape minimizes the penalty of deeper cavity on SDB (single diffusion break) devices through minimizing the facet effect in SDB structure. This work demonstrates that this new cavity shape could improve p-type transistor performance by 4{\%} on top of the Fin shape optimization.
Production of Protein-Complex Components Is Stoichiometric and Lacks General Feedback Regulation in Eukaryotes

Constituents of multiprotein complexes are required at well-defined levels relative to each other. However, it remains unknown whether eukaryotic cells typically produce precise amounts of subunits, or instead rely on degradation to mitigate imprecise production. Here, we quantified the production rates of multiprotein complexes in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes using ribosome profiling. By resolving read-mapping ambiguities, which occur for a large fraction of ribosome footprints and distort quantitation accuracy in eukaryotes, we found that obligate components of multiprotein complexes are produced in proportion to their stoichiometry, indicating that their abundances are already precisely tuned at the synthesis level. By systematically interrogating the impact of gene dosage variations in budding yeast, we found a general lack of negative feedback regulation protecting the normally precise rates of subunit synthesis. These results reveal a core principle of proteome homeostasis and highlight the evolution toward quantitative control at every step in the central dogma.
3 – Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) atomic-layer by atomic-layer crystal growth technique. It is based on reaction of molecular or atomic beams with a heated crystalline substrate. MBE is capable of producing extremely high purity and highly crystalline thin films with precise control over composition, doping, and interfaces in the fraction of nanometer range and in the growth direction with precise lateral uniformity. MBE is widely employed to grow semiconductor, metal, insulator, and ceramic thin films. This chapter highlights the important features of MBE, techniques for investigating the growth mechanism, system components, and their function with emphasis on in-situ real-time monitoring and control, growth mechanisms, growth procedures, ex-situ materials analysis, and the main ingredients which go into bandgap or band structure engineering. The chapter focuses on the III–V compounds because of their technological importance and maturity of the understanding of growth issues. It also discusses variations of MBE.
Improvements in on-farm resource stewardship with profitable information technologies in rice production

ABSTRACTAgricultural production can place burdens on natural environments. Profitable crop production practices can have unintended consequences on farm natural resources that are difficult to monitor. This article considers if precision agriculture’s (PrecAg) information technologies can influence the rates, and profit implications, of using best management practices (BMPs) to improve on-farm natural resource stewardship. If PrecAg can increase rice yields with better management of inputs, reducing costs, and increasing profits, resource stewardship may also benefit. U.S. national farm-level production data from NASS (USDA), confirm background hypotheses of links between PrecAg use and BMPs. The main objective is then to test these relationships in a single, comprehensive, treatment effects model that accounts for PrecAg use, resource stewardship, and rice-farm costs and profits. Capital investments in equipment and other fixed costs are included as adoption control variables. The sustainable BMP rice pr...
Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial Hyperacetylation and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension

Significance: Vascular dysfunction plays a key role in the development of arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and hypertension, which causes one-third of deaths worldwide. Vascular oxidative stress and metabolic disorders contribute to vascular dysfunction, leading to impaired vasorelaxation, vascular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and aortic stiffening. Mitochondria are critical in the regulation of metabolic and antioxidant functions; therefore, mitochondria-targeted treatments could be beneficial. Recent Advances: Vascular dysfunction is crucial in hypertension pathophysiology and exhibits bidirectional relationship. Metabolic disorders and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction and hypertension, which are associated with mitochondrial impairment and hyperacetylation. Mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is critical in the regulation of metabolic and antioxidant functions. Clinical studies show that cardiovascular disease risk factors reduce Sirt3 level and Sirt3 declines with age, paralleling the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. An imbalance between mitochondrial acetylation and reduced Sirt3 activity contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We propose that mitochondrial hyperacetylation drives a vicious cycle between metabolic disorders and mitochondrial oxidative stress, promoting vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Critical Issues: The mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction are still obscure in human hypertension. Mitochondrial hyperacetylation and oxidative stress contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction; however, regulation of mitochondrial acetylation, the role of GCN5L1 (acetyl-CoA-binding protein promoting acetyltransferase protein acetylation) acetyltransferase, Sirt3 deacetylase, and acetylation of specific proteins require further investigations. Future Directions: There is an urgent need to define molecular mechanisms and the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial hyperacetylation, identify novel pharmacological targets, and develop therapeutic approaches to reduce this phenomenon.
Immigrants and Foreign Firm Performance

Studies have demonstrated that foreign firms locate where immigrants from their home countries reside and have suggested that doing so can improve performance. We argue that to properly assess how ...
Optical and Neural Properties of Vision as Applied to Virtual Reality

The physiological optics and neurology of vision are topics with much breadth and perhaps even more depth. Though many people have a cursory understanding of the visual system, there are some less-commonly known aspects that are vitally important to virtual environments research and practice. In this paper, we present an elementary discussion of the optical and neural elements involved in the early stages of vision and their relationship to virtual environments.
Club cell TRPV4 as a damage sensor driving lung allergic inflammation

Airway epithelium is the first body surface to contact inhaled irritants and report danger. We studied how epithelial cells recognize and respond to protease, which is a critical component of many allergens that provoke asthma. In a murine model, the aeroallergen alkaline protease 1 (Alp1) of Aspergillus sp. elicited helper T (Th) cell-dependent lung eosinophilia. Bronchiolar club cells responded rapidly to Alp1 by coordinating the accumulation of allergic immune cells in the lung. Alp1 degraded bronchiolar cell junctions, and club cells within the bronchioles propagated this signal via calcium and calcineurin to incite inflammation. In two human cohorts, we linked fungal sensitization and asthma with SNP/protein expression of the mechanosensitive calcium channel, TRPV4. TRPV4 was also necessary and sufficient for club cells to sensitize mice to Alp1. Thus, club cells detect junction damage as mechanical stress, which signals danger via TRPV4, calcium and calcineurin to initiate Th cell sensitization.nnGraphical AbstractnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=87 SRC="FIGDIR/small/773382v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (24K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c8433org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2b3fb6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@163f814org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@33ebcf_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
SPENDING WELL: HOW TIME PERSPECTIVES IMPACT CONSUMER VALUES AND FINANCIAL DECISIONS AMONG MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS

The current research extends the time perspective literature by exploring the relationships between time perspectives and financial outcomes across several adult age groups. In combining various de...
Synthetic antiferromagnet-based spin Josephson oscillator

Two easy-plane ferromagnetic layers, antiferromagnetically coupled through a thin nonmagnetic metal layer, form the magnetic analog of a Josephson junction. A current driven spin chemical potential drives a 2 π precession of the in-plane magnetization of each ferromagnet. The participation of the full magnetic moment in the 2 π precession maximizes the giant magnetoresistance and the ac output power. The frequency can be continuously tuned by a dc bias. An applied ac bias results in a time-averaged magnetoresistance with Shapiro-like steps. The multistate mode-locking behavior exhibited by the Shapiro steps may be exploited for applications such as microwave detectors and neuromorphic computing. They may also serve as an experimental signature of spin superfluidity.
Children, Political Power, and Punishment

How does age matter to moral responsibility and criminal liability? Almost no one thinks that a 3-year old is morally responsible for what she does. No one would think an 8-year old should be held criminally liable for engaging in illegal criminal action—even for something seriously harmful such as intentionally setting fire to a building or badly harming another child. Something else should happen, certainly, but not criminal prosecution and conviction and State punishment. And that’s true even if we might start to think that the 8-year old can be morally responsible, or at least somewhat morally responsible, for what she does. Disagreement might start to enter in as the age increases. What do we think of a 12-year old? A 15-year old? A 17-year old? Gideon Yaffe’s excellent book, The Age of Culpability, is focused on the question of why children—for these purposes, all people under the chronological age of 18—should be given a break, legally speaking, and why this should be done categorically. Yaffe argues that the fact that no one under 18 is eligible to vote is a key part of the explanation. In this paper, I raise two objections to Yaffe’s account. In particular, I raise several questions about the details of Yaffe’s account regarding what it is to “have a say over the law” and the way in which this makes a difference to criminal culpability.
In vivo Imaging Technologies to Monitor the Immune System

The past two decades have brought impressive advancements in immune modulation, particularly with the advent of both cancer immunotherapy and biologic therapeutics for inflammatory conditions. However, the dynamic nature of the immune response often complicates the assessment of therapeutic outcomes. Innovative imaging technologies are designed to bridge this gap and allow non-invasive visualization of immune cell presence and/or function in real time. A variety of anatomical and molecular imaging modalities have been applied for this purpose, with each option providing specific advantages and drawbacks. Anatomical methods including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound provide sharp tissue resolution, which can be further enhanced with contrast agents, including super paramagnetic ions (for MRI) or nanobubbles (for ultrasound). Conjugation of the contrast material to an antibody allows for specific targeting of a cell population or protein of interest. Protein platforms including antibodies, cytokines, and receptor ligands are also popular choices as molecular imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), scintigraphy, and optical imaging. These tracers are tagged with either a radioisotope or fluorescent molecule for detection of the target. During the design process for immune-monitoring imaging tracers, it is important to consider any potential downstream physiologic impact. Antibodies may deplete the target cell population, trigger or inhibit receptor signaling, or neutralize the normal function(s) of soluble proteins. Alternatively, the use of cytokines or other ligands as tracers may stimulate their respective signaling pathways, even in low concentrations. As in vivo immune imaging is still in its infancy, this review aims to describe the modalities and immunologic targets that have thus far been explored, with the goal of promoting and guiding the future development and application of novel imaging technologies.
Effect of liner offset and inclination on cement retention strength of metal‐in‐metal acetabular constructs: A biomechanical study

Cementing metallic liners into well-fixed acetabular shells facilitates utilizing dual-mobility cups in revision total hip arthroplasty without shell replacement. The current biomechanical study investigated the effect of increasing cemented liner (a) inclination; and (b) offset on the cement retention strength measured as the lever-out moment at cement failure. Eighteen metallic liner prototypes were cemented into cluster-hole acetabular shells at variable inclinations (0°, 10°, and 20°) and offsets (0 and 10 mm) relative to the enclosing acetabular shell (6 groups; n = 3 constructs per group). The constructs were connected to a material testing frame, and lever-out failure moments were tested through an established protocol. Failure occurred at the liner-cement interface (18/18). There was no correlation between liner inclination and the lever-out failure moment (r = -0.327, P = .185). Liner offset demonstrated a strong negative correlation to mean lever-out failure moments (r = -0.788, P < .001). There was no significant difference between mean lever-out failure moments at variable liner inclinations, regardless of offset (P = .358). Greater liner offset was associated with diminished mean lever-out failure moments (P < .001). Compared with neutral (0° inclination, 0 mm offset), the maximum inclination and offset group had the lowest mean lever-out failure moment (P = .011). Cemented metal-in-metal constructs are significantly affected by the liner positioning. While a correlation between liner inclination and cement retention strength could not be asserted, cement retention strength is significantly diminished by increased liner offset.
Neurologic Manifestations of Systemic Disease: Peripheral Nervous System

The impact that systemic disease has on the peripheral nervous system is vast. Polyneuropathies due to these disorders fall into broad categories including metabolic diseases, nutritional deficiencies, rheumatological diseases, infectious diseases, and malignancy-associated disorders. This review focuses on the treatment of these systemic disease–associated polyneuropathies. Many of the specific polyneuropathies covered in this review are relatively rare and understudied. As such treatment recommendations are based on expert opinion, small case series, and case reports. Even more prevalent polyneuropathies, such as diabetes-associated, will be covered, though these too often lack standard treatment approaches. The immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated polyneuropathies have garnered much attention recently. Current treatment recommendations for these polyneuropathies will be discussed. Recognition of polyneuropathies associated with the systemic disease is imperative as these acquired polyneuropathies represent potentially treatable disorders. In many circumstances, prompt identification and early treatment prevent permanent neurological deficits and pain. The reader is encouraged to consider these polyneuropathy etiologies in order to expedite diagnostic evaluation and if possible therapeutic intervention.
Dependents and Deviants: The Social Construction of Asian Migrant Women in the United States:

The pathways of equitable access to work and residency for migrants in the United States are fraught with inconsistencies. Spouses of migrants on a specialty occupation visa (H1B) cannot obtain a s...
Searching for the Culprit: When Diabetic Ketoacidosis Presents With Insulin Autoantibodies.

Abstract Objective The main objective was to describe and review a unique case that presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, positive insulin autoantibodies (IAAbs, which are found in Hirata disease and are usually present with hypoglycemia), and laboratory findings characteristic of type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Confirmation of TBIRS was obtained in Germany as immunoassay for insulin receptor antibodies (IRAbs) is not available in the United States. Methods A literature review on TBIRS and cases that present with IAAbs and IRAbs simultaneously was conducted. Results We found 6 cases presenting with hypoglycemia, both antibodies, and treatment attempts with various management approaches that were different from the proposed National Institutes of Health (NIH) protocol for TBIRS. Our case is distinct because of the demographic background, presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis, comparatively lower insulin requirement, and no significant hypoglycemic episodes in the third phase. Conclusion We propose that access to IRAb immunoassays may be important for diagnosing milder cases of TBIRS, while IAAbs may provide prognostic and therapeutic insights. Despite completely different presentation from other TBIRS patients reviewed, we observed that the proposed NIH protocol consisting of dexamethasone, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide was successfully employed in our patient. Thus, we propose that our case and the findings regarding antibody testing and the NIH treatment regimen may assist clinicians with earlier recognition and effective management of milder cases of TBIRS.
Orosomucoid-like protein 3, rhinovirus and asthma

The genetic variants of orosomucoid-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) gene are associated with highly significant increases in the number of human rhinovirus (HRV)-induced wheezing episodes in children. Recent investigations have been focused on the mechanisms of ORMDL3 in rhinovirus infection for asthma and asthma exacerbations. ORMDL3 not only regulates major human rhinovirus receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, but also plays pivotal roles in viral infection through metabolisms of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ER-Golgi interface and glycolysis. Research on the roles of ORMDL3 in HRV infection will lead us to identify new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in childhood asthma and viral induced asthma exacerbations.
Chest Pain After Vomiting

A 55-year-old alcoholic male presents to the emergency department after experiencing severe chest pain. He is an obese male with a significant medical history that includes coronary artery disease, sleep apnea, hypercholesterolemia, as well as early liver cirrhosis secondary to alcohol abuse. The patient states that the chest pain started about 18 h ago after consuming far too much food at a buffet and binge drinking, which eventually lead to him feeling ill and forcefully vomiting. There was no blood in the vomitus. He states the pain is in his lower chest and radiates to the left side, back, and upper abdomen. The pain is aggravated by swallowing. At initial exam, his blood pressure is 105/90 mmHg, heart rate is 120/min, respiratory rate is 26/min, and temperature is 101.6 °F. He has crepitus with palpation around the sternum. His abdomen is soft and non-tender. A chest x-ray shows a left-sided pleural effusion. Laboratory examination is significant for a white blood count of 17 × 103/μL (normal 4.1–10.9 × 103/μL) with 15 % bands). Serum troponin I is 0.1 mcg/mL (0–0.4 mcg/L).
156: IFN-γ and IL-17A drive distinct airway changes in a murine model of steroid-unresponsive severe asthma

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by airway obstruction due to inappropriate immune responses against some environmental moieties like house dust mite (HDM) and pollens. Depending on the frequency and intensity of exacerbations experienced, asthma can be categorized as mild-moderate asthma (MMA) that is corticosteroid (CS)- responsive and severe asthma (SA) that is poorly managed by CS. SA constitutes only 5–10% of all asthmatics but accounts for 50% of the healthcare costs and morbidity associated with the disease. The presence of neutrophils in asthma has been correlated with refractoriness to CS, fatal exacerbations and severity. To date, our understanding of the pathological mechanisms central to neutrophil-prominent SA is minimal primarily because of the lack of a suitable animal model, limiting the development and testing of new therapeutics. Studies in our lab have shown that unlike patients with milder disease, SA patients consistently have a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 immune phenotype in their airways despite high dose CS treatment. With the association of viral and bacterial infections with severity and frequency of asthma exacerbations, we hypothesized that the combination of an allergen, HDM, with agents that mimic infection would induce a SA phenotype in mice. As in human severe asthmatics, the immune response in this mouse model elicits mixed granulocytic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness that are poorly responsive to CS. IFN-γ-deficient and IL-17A-deficient mice subjected to the SA model highlight the differential role played by each cytokine in modulating hallmark features of asthma such as airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity and steroid responsiveness. To identify additional biomarkers for characterization of SA, total lung RNA from mice subjected to the SA model was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the RNA-Seq data revealed potential intermediates (e.g., lipoproteins, proteases, etc.) in the IFN-γ and IL-17A signaling pathways that can be targeted for developing novel therapies for SA and potentially other steroid-refractory diseases.
The evolution of user roles in online health communities: A social support perspective

Online Health Communities (OHCs) have become a major source of social support for people with health problems. Using a case study of an OHC among breast cancer survivors, we revealed the types of social support embedded in each post using text mining techniques. Then we aggregated users’ activities in different types of social support and identified different roles that users play in an OHC via unsupervised machine learning techniques. By analyzing how users’ roles change over time, we constructed a transition graph to illustrate the evolution of users’ roles in an OHC. In addition, we discovered that a user’s behavior in receiving social support is correlated with the transition of her role. It was revealed that the types social support received by a user may facilitate or delay her role transitioning. Our research has implications for OHC operators to track users’ behaviors in order to manage and sustain an OHC.
Use of Transgenic Fluorescent Reporter Mouse Lines to Monitor Hematopoietic and Erythroid Development During Embryogenesis

The use of fluorescent reporter proteins such as GFP, RFP, and their variants to tag and track cells within the embryo has revolutionized developmental biology. Expression of these proteins within restricted populations has been achieved through the use of lineage-specific regulatory elements. This approach has proven especially powerful in the hematopoietic system, where it has been possible to monitor the generation, expansion, maturation, and migration of primitive erythroid cells, macrophages, and megakaryocytes during embryogenesis at unprecedented resolution. Such analyses have provided novel insights into the development of these lineages. In this chapter, we discuss the design considerations and methodologies involved in the production and analysis of transgenic mouse lines in which fluorescent reporters are expressed in the hematopoietic system of the mouse embryo.
The Original Source of the Cause of Action in Federal Courts: The Example of the Alien Tort Statute

Judges and scholars have long debated the legitimacy and contours of federal common law causes of action — actions created neither by Congress nor by state law. The question of federal judicial power to recognize federal common law causes of action arises in a range of contexts in the field of federal courts, including with respect to whether federal courts may recognize an implied right of action for the violation of a constitutional or statutory provision that does not specifically create one. Recently, the power of federal courts to recognize federal common law causes of action has emerged as a key question under the 1789 Alien Tort Statute (“ATS”), a purely jurisdictional statute that the Supreme Court recently has attempted to apply in accordance with its original meaning. In interpreting the ATS to allow federal courts to adjudicate some federal common law causes of action, the Supreme Court has embraced a common — but mistaken — assumption about how early federal courts operated: namely, that early federal courts found causes of action in the ambient unwritten law of the era.This Article explains why this widespread assumption is false. Early federal courts did not rely on ambient common law to supply causes of action in civil suits within their jurisdiction. Rather, early Congresses enacted specific statutes that prescribed the civil causes of action available in federal court. In particular, the Process Acts of 1789 and 1792 defined the causes of action that federal courts could adjudicate in actions at law, as well as in cases in equity and admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. In enacting these laws, Congress did not leave federal courts free to derive causes of action from the common law in the abstract. Rather, Congress specifically adopted several preexisting, well-developed bodies of law for use in federal court — most notably, requiring federal courts to borrow state causes of action in common law cases. While the Process Acts of 1789 and 1792 remained in force, federal courts adjudicated only those causes of action authorized by Congress. This history has important implications for questions of federal judicial power today. The example of the ATS illustrates how a proper understanding of the original source of the cause of action in federal court can both inform and transform debates over the origins and nature of federal judicial power.
Metamagnetic Phase Transitions and Hysteresis in FeCl 2

A reexamination and refinement of magnetization experiments on the prototypal metamagnetic antiferromagnet Fe${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ is presented. From steady-field single-crystal measurements at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, we find the abrupt (metamagnetic) transition at 10.6 kOe, from the low-moment antiferromagnetic state to the saturated configuration whose moment is 4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 Bohr magnetons/Fe ion. This transition is of first order up to about 20.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, above which it is of higher order. Pulsed-field measurements reveal a marked hysteresis in the metamagnetic transition at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The latter two observations are tested against a critical review of theoretical treatments of the antiferro-paramagnetic transition. It is emphasized that, in order to retain the first-order transition above 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and to permit the occurrence of hysteresis, a ferromagnetic intrasublattice exchange is necessary (in addition to a significant anisotropy exceeding the antiferromagnetic intersublattice exchange). The experimental results on Fe${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, along with those on several other metamagnets (i.e., Fe${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$, Co${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O), are successfully compared with predictions both for the upper-limit temperature (${T}^{*}$) of the first-order transition (e.g., for Fe${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$; expt. $\frac{{T}^{*}}{{T}_{N}}=0.87$; calc. $\frac{{T}^{*}}{{T}_{N}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.95$) and the variation of hysteresis as a function of $\frac{T}{{T}_{N}}$ and of the ratio of intra- to intersublattice exchange. The temperature dependence of the normalized sublattice moment is shown to be reasonably described by an Ising model in the Bethe-Peierls approximation. Although the variation with temperature of the normalized transition field is in close correspondence with that of the sublattice moment, this result is in poor agreement with the model just cited and with all others presently available.
A hierarchical unsupervised spectral clustering scheme for detection of prostate cancer from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) along with MRI has emerged as a promising tool in diagnosis and potentially screening for prostate cancer. Surprisingly little work, however, has been done in the area of automated quantitative analysis of MRS data for identifying likely cancerous areas in the prostate. In this paper we present a novel approach that integrates a manifold learning scheme (spectral clustering) with an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm to identify spectra corresponding to cancer on prostate MRS. Ground truth location for cancer on prostate was determined from the sextant location and maximum size of cancer available from the ACRIN database, from where a total of 14 MRS studies were obtained. The high dimensional information in the MR spectra is non linearly transformed to a low dimensional embedding space and via repeated clustering of the voxels in this space, non informative spectra are eliminated and only informative spectra retained. Our scheme successfully identified MRS cancer voxels with sensitivity of 77.8%, false positive rate of 28.92%, and false negative rate of 20.88% on a total of 14 prostate MRS studies. Qualitative results seem to suggest that our method has higher specificity compared to a popular scheme, z-score, routinely used for analysis of MRS data.