cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glycogen and other soluble glucans from chytridiomycete and oomycete species.

Dry weight, protein, lipid, and glycogen were determined at various times during cultivation of the Chytridiomycetes, Rhizophydium sphaerotheca and Monoblepharella elongata. M. elongata had relatively stable levels of glycogen, but, in R. sphaerotheca, glycogen levels showed significant changes, particularly in older cultures in which a depletion of glycogen was accompanied by a marked thickening of the cell walls. Glycogen was a significant cellular constitutent in both chytridiomycete species. In R. sphaerotheca and M. elongata, respectively, glycogen accounted for as much as 6% and 8.1% of the dry weight. In purified glycogens of both species, only α-1,4-and α-1,6-linked glucosyl residues were detected and the absorbance spectra of I2-complexes were similar to those of other well characterized glycogens. Purified Rhizophydium glycogen had a α-amylolysis limit of 43%, and a \({{\text{CL}}}\) of approximately 12. For the Monoblepharella polysaccharide, the respective values were 45% and 11. In extracts of the Oomycetes, Pythium debaryanum, Mindeniella spinospora, and Apodachlya sp., only β-1,3- and β-1,6-linked glucosyl residues were detected. These glucans were not iodophilic nor were they sensitive to α-amylase and β-amylase. The properties of the oomycete polysaccharides suggested that they were similar to the mycolaminarans of Phytophthora spp. Although both investigated chytridiomycete species produced glycogen with typical properties, glycogen was apparently absent in the investigated Oomycetes.
Comparison of a Tolerant and a Susceptible Maize Inbred Under Artificial Infestations of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera: Yield and Adult Emergence

Uniform artificial infestations with eggs of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte produced the same root damage ratings with both a rootworm-tolerant inbred (SD 10) and a rootworm-susceptible inbred (A 632). Yields of SD 10, however, generally remained the same under the different levels of rootworm infestation, whereas Yields of A 632 were significantly reduced at every level beyond 100 eggs/30.5 cm of row. Clearly, under rootworm infestation, the tolerant inbred had a yield advantage over the susceptible inbred. The same number of adults emerged from the inbred with the smaller root system (A 632) as from the inbred with the larger root system (SD 10). These results indicate that under rootworm infestation, tolerant maizes with large root systems would have yield advantages over maizes with small root systems. Moreover, the use of tolerant maizes would probably not lead to an increase in adult numbers.
Demography of the Pacific walrus ( Odobenus rosmarus divergens ): 1974-2006

Global climate change may fundamentally alter population dynamics of many species for which baseline population parameter estimates are imprecise or lacking. Historically, the Pacific walrus is thought to have been limited by harvest, but it may become limited by global warming-induced reductions in sea ice. Loss of sea ice, on which walruses rest between foraging bouts, may reduce access to food, thus lowering vital rates. Rigorous walrus survival rate estimates do not exist, and other population parameter estimates are out of date or have well-documented bias and imprecision. To provide useful population parameter estimates we developed a Bayesian, hidden process demographic model of walrus population dynamics from 1974 through 2006 that combined annual age-specific harvest estimates with five population size estimates, six standing age structure estimates, and two reproductive rate estimates. Median density independent natural survival was high for juveniles (0.97) and adults (0.99), and annual density dependent vital rates rose from 0.06 to 0.11 for reproduction, 0.31 to 0.59 for survival of neonatal calves, and 0.39 to 0.85 for survival of older calves, concomitant with a population decline. This integrated population model provides a baseline for estimating changing population dynamics resulting from changing harvests or sea ice.
Coping with Negative Emotions: Connections with Adolescents’ Academic Performance and Stress

ABSTRACT The authors assessed connections among adolescents’ emotional dispositions, negative academic affect, coping strategies, academic stress, and overall grade point average (GPA). A total of 119 ninth through 12th-grade students completed assessments for (a) overall positive and negative moods, (b) GPA, and (c) academically related variables involving stress, negative emotions, and engaged and disengaged coping strategies. Greater negative academic affect and disengaged coping were related to lower GPAs, and disengaged coping mediated the connection between negative academic affect and GPA. By contrast, higher academic stress was related to students’ overall moods, negative academic affect, and disengaged coping; disengaged coping mediated the connection between academic stress and negative overall moods. Discussion focused on the especially problematic nature of disengaged academic coping.
THROUGHPUT TIME REDUCTION: TAKING ONE'S MEDICINE

Managing throughput time and its relation to work-in-process (wip) inventory and customer service is the focus of this paper. This research combines theory, simulation results, and the analysis of corporate data in an effort to address the issues associated with how one company (Eli Lilly) managed a reduction in their throughput times and an improvement in their delivery reliability. The results for this company suggest that production control decisions—expediting and de-expediting—can lead to a vicious circle of decisions, which in turn can lead to increased levels of WIP inventory and higher and more unpredictable throughput times.
ATPase activity in fish tissue homogenates and inhibitory effects of DDT and related compounds

Abstract The specific activities of ATPases in homogenates of bluegill fish tissues were determined and found to be similar to those previously reported for rabbit tissues. Na+-K+ ATPase was most active in brain and kidney, and Mg2+ ATPase was most active in muscle. A prominent inhibition of Mg2+ ATPase by DDT and TDE tested in vitro was found in tissue homogenates of fish muscle; inhibition was also found in brain, kidney and liver. Less effective, when compared at low concentrations, were DDE, o,p′-DDT and dicofol. DDA was inactive and methoxychlor had little effect. Dicofol was the only closely related compound which had a greater effect on Na+-K+ ATPase of the brain than on Mg2+ ATPase. A synergistic effect resulted when DDT and dicofol were combined, producing greater inhibition of muscle ATPases. Selected chlorinated hydrocarbons of the cyclodiene group also showed inhibitory effects, with Na+-K+ ATPase inhibition being almost equal to Mg2+ ATPase inhibition. Epoxides of the selected cyclodienes were less effective inhibitors of the enzyme system. The significance of these findings are discussed in relation to enzyme inhibition and toxicity of DDT and other compounds.
Enhanced resolution edge and surface estimation from ladar point clouds containing multiple return data

Signal processing enables the detection of more returns in a digital ladar waveform by computing the surface response. Prior work has shown that obtaining the surface response can improve the range resolution by a factor of 2. However, this advantage presents a problem when forming a range image—each ladar shot crossing an edge contains multiple values. To exploit this information, the location of each return inside the spatial beam footprint is estimated by dividing the footprint into sections that correspond to each return and assigning the coordinates of the return to the centroid of the region. Increased resolution results on the edges of targets where multiple returns occur. Experiments focus on angled and slotted surfaces for both simulated and real data. Results show that the angle of incidence on a 75-deg surface is computed only using a single waveform with an error of 1.4 deg and that the width of a 19-cm-wide by 16-cm-deep slot is estimated with an error of 3.4 cm using real data. Point clouds show that the edges of the slotted surface are sharpened. These results can be used to improve features extracted from objects for applications such as automatic target recognition.
Emerging Visions for Sustainable Urbanization

Harsh critiques of the utopian visions of modernist architects have led many of today's designers to seek to fit their constructed responses into the mainstream culture (Schneekloth, 1998). While undoubtedly the works of most designers are grounded in the intention of making the world a better and more beautiful place, the underlying desire to fit in with the mainstream leads implicitly to confirming the status quo of the built environment. We believe that if designers are to move toward envisioning and creating more sustainable urban futures they must eschew the desire to fit in and carefully and methodically reconsider what is possible. To that end, in this paper we explore the motivations, methods and outcomes of five students in their penultimate design studio of the Masters of Architecture program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Using three measures, motivations, methods, and outcomes, as evidence we seek to understand how future designers, as they complete their education and embark on careers in the design professions, comprehend and envision an urbanization process that results in a sustainable urban future.
The total synthesis of 2-O-arachidonoyl-1-O-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-1,3,1′-13C3 and -2,1′-13C2 by a novel chemoenzymatic method

2-O-Arachidonoyl-1-O-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was synthesized with carbon-13 enrichment of the three glycerol carbons and the carbonyl of the stearoyl group. Phospholipase A(2) was utilized to give optically pure lyso-PC, and only 3% acyl migration occurred during reacylation with arachidonic acid anhydride. This phospholipid is an important biosynthetic precursor of arachidonic acid metabolites as well as the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and is now available for NMR studies.
Climate change and large-area corn yield in the southeastern United States

There is concern about the negative effects that a possible trace-gas-induced climate change will have on crop yields. This study determines the effect of climate change already observed on large-area corn yield (Zea mays L.) in the southeastern USA. Our multiple regression models differ from most previous large-area models in two important respects. First, we modeled simultaneously the technological trend and the climate. This is reguired because of the warming of Southeastern nights during the past 50 yr. Second, we used minimum and minimum temperatures, rather than average temperature. Our results generally associate yield reductions with increases in daytime temperatures during the month of corn pollination. In the Middle and Upper South, increased yield is associated with warming of nighttime temperatures during midseason [...]
Rb, whi it's not just for metazoans anymore

The E2F family of heterodimeric transcription factors controls the expression of genes required in G1 for cell cycle progression. The retinoblastoma (Rb) family of pocket proteins which, upon binding to E2F, inhibit this complex from initiating transcription. Upon mitogen stimulation, this repression is relieved by hyperphosphorylation of Rb by the cyclin D Cdk4/6 complex. Initiation of the cell cycle in yeast is similar. The heterodimeric transcription factor SBF controls most G1-specific transcription. Its activation is dependent upon the removal of Whi5; a functional homolog of Rb. Similar to Rb, disassociation of Whi5 from SBF is controlled by G1 cyclin/Cdk-dependent phosphorylation. Although Rb and Whi5 play similar roles in regulating G1 gene expression, they exhibit no sequence homology. This review will discuss the difference and similarities between how these proteins play similar roles in controlling G1 progression.
SOD1, ANG, TARDBP and FUS mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A United States clinical testing lab experience

AbstractSOD1, ANG, TARDBP and FUS mutations have been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our goal was to extend molecular genetic analysis to newly identified ALS genetic loci and to determine the frequency of mutations, distribution of disease genes, and variant spectrum of these genes in a large United States ALS-phenotype cohort. We screened 1220 probands with an ALS phenotype, referred originally for SOD1 molecular genetic analysis. 1128 SOD1-negative probands were screened for ANG, and 277 and 223 SOD1- and ANG-negative samples were screened for TARDBP and FUS, respectively. One hundred additional probands were specifically screened only for FUS exon 15. We identified a total of 36 different SOD1 mutations, including three novel mutations, in 92 probands. ANG screening identified three mutations, including two novel mutations, and TARDBP screening identified two previously reported TARDBP mutations. We also identified four mutations in FUS, including the reported FUS in-frame deleti...
The β2-adrenergic receptor Arg16-gly polymorphism and interactions involving β2- and β3-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are associated with variations in longitudinal serum lipid profiles: The Bogalusa Heart Study

We examined the effects of combined genotypes of the β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) Arg16-Gly and β3-AR Trp64-Arg polymorphisms on longitudinal serum total (T-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) profiles in 1,198 subjects examined multiple times (6,488 observations) from 1973 to 1996 in the Bogalusa Heart Study, at ages from 4.5 to 38 years. Within 5-year age groups, T-C was significantly (P < .05) higher in β2-AR Arg16/Arg16 homozygotes than in Gly16 carriers among those 4 to 8 (171.4 ± 30.0 v 161.5 ± 27.7 mg/dL), 9 to 13 (167.7 ± 28.6 v 162.4 ± 27.4 mg/dL), and 14 to 18 (158.8 ± 29.6 v 154.7 ± 27.5 mg/dL) years of age, but not in those 19 to 23, 24 to 28, 29 to 33, or 34 to 38 years of age. The β3-AR polymorphism was not associated with variation in either T-C or LDL-C. In multilevel polynomial growth curve models, the combination of the β2-AR Arg16/Arg16 genotype with either the β3-AR Arg64/Arg64 or Trp64/Arg64 genotypes, denoted AA/AX, was associated with variation in longitudinal T-C (P < .01) and LDL-C (P < .01) profiles. The association between combined β2/β3-AR genotype and lipid profiles differed among race/sex groups, being most marked in black females, in whom the AA/AX combination was associated with higher T-C and LDL-C profiles across all ages. In White males, the AA/AX combination was most strongly associated with higher lipids in adults. In black males and white females, lipid profiles differed little between genotype groups. Our findings suggest that the β2-AR Arg16-Gly genotype influences T-C and LDL-C levels in an age-specific manner, that it may interact with β3-AR Trp64-Arg genotypes to influence longitudinal T-C and LDL-C profiles, and that the effect of combined β2/β3-AR genotypes on T-C and LDL-C profiles may differ among race/sex groups.
Plant biology: Defence at dawn

A remarkable example has been discovered of a plant tuning its immune defence against a pathogen. The tuning consists of maximal expression of the relevant genes at the time of day when attack is most likely. See Letter p.110 Circadian rhythms regulate a wide variety of developmental and metabolic processes resulting in enhanced fitness. This study of plant defence against the fungal pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, which causes downy mildew disease in Arabidopsis plants, reveals a link between the plant innate immune responses and the clock. The central circadian regulator CCA1 is shown to regulate a novel set of genes involved in R-gene-mediated defence. The mechanism allows plants to 'anticipate' infection at dawn when the pathogen normally disperses its spores.
A pilot study of a Hatha yoga treatment for menopausal symptoms

Objective: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of a yoga treatment for menopausal symptoms. Both physiologic and self-reported measures of hot flashes were included. Methods: A prospective within-group pilot study was conducted. Participants were 12 peri- and post-menopausal women experiencing at least 4 menopausal hot flashes per day, at least 4 days per week. Assessments were administered before and after completion of a 10-week yoga program. Pre- and post-treatment measures included: Severity of questionnaire-rated menopausal symptoms (Wiklund Symptom Check List), frequency, duration, and severity of hot flashes (24-h ambulatory skin-conductance monitoring; hot-flash diary), interference of hot flashes with daily life (Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale), and subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Yoga classes included breathing techniques, postures, and relaxation poses designed specifically for menopausal symptoms. Participants were asked to practice at home 15 min each day in addition to weekly classes. Results: Eleven women completed the study and attended a mean of 7.45 (S.D. 1.63) classes. Significant pre- to post-treatment improvements were found for severity of questionnaire-rated total menopausal symptoms, hot-flash daily interference; and sleep efficiency, disturbances, and quality. Neither 24-h monitoring nor accompanying diaries yielded significant changes in hot flashes. Conclusions: The yoga treatment and study procedures were feasible for midlife women. Improvement in symptom perceptions and well being warrant further study of yoga for menopausal symptoms, with a larger number of women and including a control group.
Uptake of cholesterol and cholestanol by the intestine, hemolymph, and fat body of Heliothis zea

The effect of the concentration and structure of dietary sterol on its uptake and distribution in the intestine, hemolymph and fat body was studied in sixth-instar larvae of Heliothis zea. When cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3β-ol) was inoculated per os into the foregut of larvae, it was rapidly taken up by the intestine. Some of the dietary sterol then passed into the hemolymph, primarily via the midgut, during at least the first 9 h after inoculation, while at least 7% of the dose remained associated with the intestine. The amount of dietary sterol per 0.10 g of hemolymph increased until it reached 3–6% of the dose after 9 h. The amount of sterol per 0.10 g of the fat body increased to as much as 5% of the dose after 10 h. As the concentration of sterol in the dose increased from 0.3 to 15 μg/4 μl, the amount of sterol associated with the intestine, hemolymph, and fat body also increased. When cholesterol was inoculated intrahemocoelically, instead of per os, the amount of sterol in the hemolymph decreased, for at least the first 8 h after inoculation, and may have been absorbed, at least in part, by the intestine. The absence of a double bond in cholestanol (5α-cholestan-3β-ol) had no significant effect, at least 5 h after inoculation, on the uptake and distribution of this sterol in the intestine, hemolymph, and fat body of the larva. The results of this study indicate that although larvae of H. zea fed cholestanol have a slower rate of growth than those fed cholesterol, this may be due to differences in the utilization of the two sterols rather than to differences in their uptake by the tissues.
What color are commodity prices? A fractal analysis

Commodity price behavior holds much interest not only because these markets are affected by waves of speculative activity similar to security markets but more so that these commodities are linked to industries which purchase them and developing country producers which supply them. Commodity spot and future prices have thus been studied extensively. This research extends this work by employing recent fractal approaches to evaluate how the apparent random movements associated with short term behavior can also persist when examining long run behavior. We thus test for the presence of a persistent and finite variance component (i.e. long memory stationary process) as opposed to an infinite variance component (i.e. short memory nonstationary process) in a selected group of international commodity price series. Both fractal and persistent dependence hypotheses and test statistics have been employed. Estimates made of the power law exponent and of the nonintegral or fractional exponent suggest generating processes which are closer to black noise than to white, pink or brown noise.
Encapsulation of One-Dimensional Potassium Halide Crystals within BN Nanotubes

One-dimensional crystals of potassium halides, including KI, KCl, and KBr, were inserted into boron nitride nanotubes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used to characterize their microstructures and compositions. The fillings are usually single crystals with lengths up to several micrometers.
Structure and functions of the endothelial cell protein C receptor

The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays a critical role in augmenting protein C activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex and in modulating the functions of the protein C pathway to aid in preventing organ damage due to various challenges. EPCR exhibits a sequence and three-dimensional homology with the major histocompatibility class 1/CD1 family of proteins. This family of proteins is characterized by having a deep groove that is usually used in antigen presentation. In the case of CD1c and CD1d, this groove is filled with a lipid antigen, usually a glycolipid. Like the CD1 series, EPCR has a lipid in the corresponding groove. In this case, the lipid is usually phosphatidylcholine, but it may be phosphatidylethanolamine. The bound lipid contributes to protein C binding, but its structure suggests a role in maintaining EPCR structure rather than contributing directly to protein C binding. Potential roles for EPCR in hematopoiesis are suggested by the finding that EPCR is located on hematopoietic stem cells at reasonably high concentrations. The structure and the lipid antigen suggest that EPCR may be involved in preventing autoimmunity, which would be consistent with findings in CD1d knockout mice. Complete deletion of EPCR function results in embryonic death, at least in part due to placental thrombosis. In adult animals, the anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory responses to endotoxin increase with increasing EPCR expression. Some of the anti-inflammatory activity is likely to be due to EPCR's interactions with the integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) on leukocytes, an interaction that probably limits tight adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelium. Thus, available data suggest a potential role of EPCR in hematopoiesis, autoimmunity, and the control of both the coagulation and inflammation responses to infection and trauma.
Some interview techniques in child psychiatry.

Summary The technique of conducting a psychiatricinterview with a child is discussed. The interview is treated from two main points of view. 1. Investigation of interpersonal relationships . This includes: (a) Attitudes toward various members of the family, e.g., parents siblings. (b) Attitudes toward contemporaries, at school and in the neighborhood. (c) Attitudes toward teachers andother figures of authority; adjustment at school, and at other group activities. (d) Attitudes toward the self, e.g., problems of inferiority, superiority, feelings of rejection, and so on. (e) Attitudes toward the examining physician. 2. Investigation of unconscious and fantasy life . These include: (a) A study of the dream life. (b) A study of fears and phobias. (c) A study of introjective phenomena. (d) A study of projective phenomena. (e) A study of the child's fantasy and inner dynamics through such methods as: the three wishes, imaginary figures, the deserted island, made-up stories, and other verbal projective techniques. A description is given of supplementarypencil and paper tests and methods of physically contacting and examining the child carried out concurrently with the psychiatric interview. Two illustrative cases with discussion are appended to illustrate pathology in the realm of (1) interpersonal relationships and (2) unconscious and fantasy life.
Interhemispheric pathways of the hippocampal formation, presubiculum, and entorhinal and posterior parahippocampal cortices in the rhesus monkey: the structure and organization of the hippocampal commissures

The interhemispheric pathways originating in the hippocampal formation, presubiculum, and entorhinal and posterior parahippocampal cortices and coursing through the fornix system were investigated by autoradiographic tracing in 29 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The results revealed that crossing fibers are segregated into three contiguous systems. A ventral hippocampal commissure lies at the transition between the body and anterior columns of the fornix in the vicinity of the subfornical organ and the interventricular foramina of Monro; it is formed by axons arising in the most anterior (uncal and genual) subdivisions of the hippocampal formation. A dorsal hippocampal commissure lies inferior to the posterior end of the body of the corpus callosum; it is formed by axons arising in the presubiculum and entorhinal cortex of the anterior parahippocampal gyrus and the proisocortical and neocortical subdivisions of the posterior parahippocampal gyrus but not in the hippocampal formation. A hippocampal decussation lies between the ventral hippocampal commissure and dorsal hippocampal commissure; it is formed by axons arising in the body of the hippocampal formation. In contrast to the fibers of the ventral hippocampal commissure and dorsal hippocampal commissure, which terminate in contralateral cortical areas, these decussating fibers terminate in the contralateral septum. Thus, the ventral hippocampal commissure and dorsal hippocampal commissure of the rhesus monkey appear to be homologous to similarly designated structures in other mammals. To the extent that these observations also apply to the interhemispheric fibers of the human hippocampal formation and parahippocampal areas, their possible preservation must be considered when interpreting the effect of callosal transection on seizures and the results of "split-brain" studies, since callosal transection may fail to sever the hippocampal commissures in their entirety.
Infant with bilateral pulmonary sequestrations with portal venous drainage excised by video-assisted thoracic surgery

Abstract Introduction Bilateral pulmonary sequestrations are rare congenital anomalies. Despite its benign nature, the potential complications of pulmonary sequestration (PS) are significant, including recurrent pulmonary infections, hemoptysis, congestive heart failure, and malignant potential. Therefore, the main treatment is surgical excision, even for patients with asymptomatic PS. Case We present an infant in whom an intralobar PS of the right lung and an extralobar PS of the left lung were diagnosed on prenatal screening ultrasonography. Both were found to have venous drainage into the portal vein. Surgical excision was performed via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) at 14months of age. Conclusion PS may present with unique vascular connections, including venous drainage into the portal vein. VATS resection for pulmonary sequestration is feasible and effective as an alternative to bilateral thoracotomies, in the setting of extensive preoperative planning and performance by an experienced thoracoscopic surgeon.
Note on generating finite element families

Abstract An efficient method of computing entire families of finite element stiffness matrices is presented. A hexahedron family, including material anisotropy, serves as an example for computer subroutines generating entire finite element sets.
Variation in Artistic Circles

Several theorists have suggested the use of social circles in studying patterns of interaction among artists. Crane has proposed that artistic circles approximate circles found among scientists. Kadushin feels that a particular type of circle—the movement circle—characterizes art. Research on the emergence of various artistic groups—the American Artists' Congress, American Abstract Artists, and the surrealist movement—indicates that these two frameworks are not adequate for understanding all artistic circles. What becomes clear is that artistic circles vary along a number of dimensions. First, there is variation in what brings artists together. At times it is the propagation of an aesthetic faith. At others it is a similar political orientation or issue. Finally, artists come together as a result of the practical concerns of making a living. Secondly, there is a wide variation in the types of structures around which these circles drape themselves. These may range from highly instituted structures, such as the federal government art projects, to a club or a bar. Finally, the linkages between these circles, unlike the invisible colleges in science, are individuals characterized not by their belongingness to a particular circle, but rather by their marginality to those circles. Simmel's social type, “the stranger,” is suggested as characterizing this type of individual.
Discrete vector calculus on periodic systems of atoms and molecules

In this paper we combine atomic and molecular data, which are displayed in their periodic systems, in such a way as to take the discrete gradient. Then we act on the resulting vector field with the discrete vector divergence. The curl is obviously zero; the scalar field is conservative. We act on the original data with the discrete Laplacian operator (the iterated average utilizing only data on a border which contains the extreme values). The properties considered are atomic electronegativity, ionization potential and radius; and diatomic-molecular dissociation potential and internuclear separation. The calculus should work well to highlight the local energy minima of the nuclear valley of stability.
Genetics of Briquet's syndrome and somatization disorder. A review of family, adoption, and twin studies

AbstractThis report is limited to publications in English that deal with either Briquet's syndrome or DSM-III and DSM-III-R somatization disorder. The few reports dealing with hysteria defined as isolated conversion symptoms are omitted because of extensive previous work indicating clearly that such cases are very heterogeneous. The studies are presented chronologically, by year of publication.
Mechanism of pokeweed mitogen inhibition of rhIL-4-induced human IgE synthesis.

Abstract Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) suppressed rhIL-4-induced IgE synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. When rhIL-4 was present from Day 0, PWM added to cultures on Day 0 or 3 inhibited MNC IgE synthesis but not when it was added on Day 6 or later. The concentration of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in MNC culture supernatants varied directly with the quantity of PWM added. Conversely, rhIL-4-stimulated MNC culture IgE concentrations varied inversely with the dose of PWM added and the IFN-γ concentrations induced. The addition of a rabbit polyclonal neutralizing anti-human IFN-γ antibody to rhIL-4 plus PWM-stimulated cultures partially or completely reversed PWM-induced inhibition of rhIL-4-induced IgE synthesis. PWM failed to inhibit rhIL-4-induced IgE synthesis by isolated B cells cocultured with monocytes and T cells from a clone unable to produce IFN-γ message or protein. These findings are consistent with the postulate that PWM inhibits rhIL-4-induced IgE synthesis by inducing the production of IFN-γ.
The Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review of Progress to Date

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among older adults in the USA and throughout the developed world. Etiological research suggests that AMD is a complex disease, caused by the actions and interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. Familial aggregation studies, twin studies, and segregation analyses have provided strong evidence for the heritability of AMD, and linkage and association studies have been conducted to localize the disease-causing genes. Whole genome linkage scans have implicated nearly every chromosome in the human genome, with the most replicated signals residing on 1q25-31 and 10q26. Association studies have identified a major risk variant within the complement factor H gene (CFH), and recent reports suggest that PLEKHA1/LOC387715 and the BF/C2 regions may be major risk loci for AMD as well. Several other genes have had at least one positive association finding and deserve further exploration. Among these, apolipoprotein E (APOE) may be a minor risk locus. Additional genes will likely be identified, and future studies should explore the potential interactions of these genes with other genes as well as environmental factors.
Estimating the Ice Crystal Enhancement Factor in the Tropics

AbstractThe ice crystal enhancement (IE) factor, defined as the ratio of the ice crystal to ice nuclei (IN) number concentrations for any particular cloud condition, is needed to quantify the contribution of changes in IN to global warming. However, the ensemble characteristics of IE are still unclear. In this paper, a representation of the IE factor is incorporated into a three-ice-category microphysical scheme for use in long-term cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations. Model results are compared with remote sensing observations, which suggest that, absent a physically based consideration of how IE comes about, the IE factor in tropical clouds is about 103 times larger than that in midlatitudinal ones. This significant difference in IE between the tropics and middle latitudes is consistent with the observation of stronger entrainment and detrainment in the tropics. In addition, the difference also suggests that cloud microphysical parameterizations depend on spatial resolution (or subgrid turbulence pa...
Oxytocin regulates gastrointestinal motility, inflammation, macromolecular permeability, and mucosal maintenance in mice

Enteric neurons express oxytocin (OT); moreover, enteric neurons and enterocytes express developmentally regulated OT receptors (OTRs). Although OT (with secretin) opposes intestinal inflammation, physiological roles played by enteric OT/OTR signaling have not previously been determined. We tested hypotheses that OT/OTR signaling contributes to enteric nervous system (ENS)-related gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. GI functions and OT effects were compared in OTR-knockout (OTRKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Stool mass and water content were greater in OTRKO mice than in WT. GI transit time in OTRKO animals was faster than in WT; OT inhibited in vitro generation of ENS-dependent colonic migrating motor complexes in WT but not in OTRKO mice. Myenteric neurons were hyperplastic in OTRKO animals, and mucosal exposure to cholera toxin (CTX) in vitro activated Fos in more myenteric neurons in OTRKO than WT than in WT mice; OT inhibited the CTX response in WT but not in OTRKO mice. Villi and crypts were shorter in OTRKO than in WT mice, and transit-amplifying cell proliferation in OTRKO crypts was deficient. Macromolecular intestinal permeability in OTRKO was greater than WT mice, and experimental colitis was more severe in OTRKO mice; moreover, OT protected WT animals from colitis. Observations suggest that OT/OTR signaling acts as a brake on intestinal motility, decreases mucosal activation of enteric neurons, and promotes enteric neuronal development and/or survival. It also regulates proliferation of crypt cells and mucosal permeability; moreover OT/OTR signaling is protective against inflammation. Oxytocinergic signaling thus appears to play an important role in multiple GI functions that are subject to neuronal regulation.
Carbon acidity. 60. Effect of temperature on ion pair acidities of pentafluorobenzene. Nature of pentafluorophenylcesium and -lithium ion pairs in cyclohexylamine.

Abstract The ion pair equilibrium between 9-t-butylfluorene and pentafluorobenzene in cyclohexylamine has almost zero entropy for their cesium salts but a relatively high entropy change, 21.5 e.u., for their lithium salts. Both pentafluorophenylcesium and -lithium exist primarily as contat ion pairs in cyclohexylamine.
Genetic Programs Activated by Proneural Proteins in the Developing Drosophila PNS

Summary Neurogenesis depends on a family of proneural transcriptional activator proteins, but the "proneural" function of these factors is poorly understood, in part because the ensemble of genes they activate, directly or indirectly, has not been identified systematically. We have taken a direct approach to this problem in Drosophila . Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to recover a purified population of the cells that comprise the "proneural clusters" from which sensory organ precursors of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) arise. Whole-genome microarray analysis and in situ hybridization was then used to identify and verify a set of genes that are preferentially expressed in proneural cluster cells. Genes in this set encode proteins with a diverse array of implied functions, and loss-of-function analysis of two candidate genes shows that they are indeed required for normal PNS development. Bioinformatic and reporter gene studies further illuminate the cis -regulatory codes that direct expression in proneural clusters.
“I Don't Have to be Afraid of You”: Rape Survivors' Emotion Management in Court

This analysis of 32 semi-structured interviews with rape survivors explores why and how emotions are managed during court events. I examine rape survivors' accounts to identify the factors that contribute to intense feelings in the courtroom, incentives/motivations survivors have to manage their feelings and expressions of specific emotions, survivors' individualized strategies for deflecting, suppressing, and cultivating emotion, and interpersonal strategies for achieving emotional control that involve others in the courtroom. This investigation shows that survivors are not passive victims and that emotions are a fundamental feature of interaction in courtrooms. This investigation builds on Mills and Kleinman's (1988) cognitive/emotional framework and other studies of interpersonal emotion management in and out of formal organizations.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a child with ataxia–telangiectasia

Ataxia–telangiectasia (AT) is a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, cancer susceptibility, and radiation sensitivity. Pleural neoplasms are extremely rare in the pediatric population, even in patients with AT. We describe the case of a 16-year-old male with AT who developed a malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Benign or infectious lung and pleural diseases are common in those with AT. Hence, delayed diagnosis of respiratory neoplasms can occur in these patients. This report highlights the need of heightened vigilance in patients with AT with recurrent or persistent pleuropulmonary disease. To our knowledge, no other cases of MPM in children with AT have been reported. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:94–97. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discography in practice: a clinical and historical review

Chronic low back pain is the most common cause of disability in individuals between the ages of 45 and 65. Given the variety of anatomic and pathophysiologic causes of persistent low back pain, it is a difficult diagnosis for clinicians to treat. Discography is a diagnostic option that may link a patient’s subjective complaints of spinal pain to symptomatic disk disease when non-invasive imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), does not find structural abnormalities. A controversial procedure, discography is only necessary to assess painful discs prior to surgical interventions. For accurate discogram interpretation an experienced spine interventionalist must be careful to exclude false positive results and be aware of the patient’s underlying psychological state. This literature review will discuss the following: anatomy and function of the spine and intervertebral disc, intervertebral disc degeneration and discogenic pain, history of discography, indications and contraindications, a description of the procedure, complications, and the current debate regarding its outcomes.
The heat-shock response of developing barley aleurone layers

Aleurone layers of mature germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare, cv. Himalaya) grains respond to heat shock by synthesizing heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and by selectively suppressing the synthesis of proteins normally translated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound ribosomes. To determine if this also was the case during seed development, we investigated the synthesis of proteins translated by ER-bound ribosomes in heat-shocked aleurone layers isolated from developing barley grains. The optimal induction temperature for the heat shock response in developing aleurone layers was 37.5°C, and temperatures above 42°C inhibited translation. HSPs with apparent molecular masses of 71.1, 66.2, 57.8, 19.1 and 18.8 kDa were induced. Other studies have shown that, in gibberellic acid (GA)-induced aleurone layers from mature barley grains, these temperatures were 40°C and 45°C, respectively. Furthermore, in developing aleurone layers, mRNAs encoding proteins translated by ER-bound ribosomes (mRNAs for a lipid transfer protein and a putative amylase/protease inhibitor) remained stable during heat shock. The ER membranes themselves remained in stacks, but the lumen became distended with electron-dense material. Heat shock prevented the movement of proteins from the ER into the rest of the endomembrane pathway. In contrast, other studies show that in mature, GA-induced aleurone layers, heat shock dissociates ER stacks and blocks translation, but the processing of secretory proteins in the endomembrane pathway is not inhibited. The observation that the same tissue at different developmental stages may respond differently to heat shock indicates that components of the heat-shock response are developmentally regulated. This system provides an opportunity to better understand the nuances of the heat-shock response, especially the post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanisms that occur.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PULSE PRESSURE AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE TO SYSTOLIC PRESSURE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS, 20-94 YEARS OF AGE.

Abstract The relationship of systolic pressure to diastolic pressure and pulse pressure has been studied in more than 20,000 apparently healthy subjects ranging in age from 20 to 94 years, for the purpose of developing quantitative standards of normal pulse pressure throughout the range of blood pressure. Diastolic pressure and pulse pressure were found to vary linearly with the systolic pressure, and regression equations expressing this relationship have been presented. No significant sex difference was found. However, in both sexes, advancing age resulted in a widening of the pulse pressure and related lowering of the diastolic pressure at all levels of systolic pressure. Thus, at ages 20–64 years, diastolic pressure increases about 4 mm.Hg and pulse pressure widens by 6 mm.Hg for each 10-mm.Hg rise in systolic pressure, whereas at ages 65–94 years, diastolic pressure increases 3 mm.Hg and pulse pressure widens by 7 mm.Hg for a comparable change in systolic pressure. Hence, the pulse pressure virtually quadruples when systolic pressure increases from 90 to 220 mm.Hg. Limits of normal variation have been presented. These quantitative standards should prove to be useful in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases or hemodynamic abnormalities which affect the pulse pressure.
60 GHz Linearly And Circularly Polarized Antenna Arrays On Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate.

In this paper, we present for the first time 60 GHz linearly and circularly polarized patch antenna arrays that have been fabricated on an organic substrate and characterized. The chosen series fed topology provides wide fan-beam radiation pattern as well as high gain. Simulation results have been validated by measurements. The fabricated antennas exhibit 10dB return loss bandwidth (VSWR < 2) greater than 2 GHz, which makes them very attractive for gigabit wireless systems. A simplified power link measurement method has been utilized to validate the gain of the antenna arrays. The gain of a 1-by-4 linearly polarized, 1-by-2 and 2-by-2 circularly polarized antenna arrays have been measured to be about 12dBi, 8dBi and 11dBi respectively. Theses results demonstrate the great potential of Liquid Crystal Polymer for 60 GHz antennas.
Motivators and Barriers to Exercise in an Older Community-Dwelling Population

This study aimed to ascertain perceived barriers and motivators to exercise in people age 74–85 and to clarify the meaning of these barriers and motivators by examining participant characteristics that relate to them. 324 community-dwelling participants age 74–85 completed a health questionnaire that included items on barriers and motivators to exercise, as well as questions on demographic variables, health, and exercise. Selected participants then completed a physical-performance battery to measure functional performance. Barriers and motivators were related internally, as well as to many other factors including pain and depressed affect on the Geriatric Depression Scale. The findings suggest a need for individualized and comprehensive approaches to the presentation of exercise programs. Health interventions are needed that will address both physical pain and depressed affect and explain the importance of exercise even in the presence of health problems. An understanding of the context of reported barrie...
Buck-boost PWM converters having two independently controlled switches

Single-switch step-up/step-down converters, such as the buck-boost, SEPIC and Cuk, have relatively high voltage and current stresses on components compared to the buck or the boost converter. A buck-boost converter with two independently controlled switches can work as a boost or as a buck converter depending on input-output conditions, and thus achieves lower stresses on components. Using the converter synthesis method from D. Zhou (1995), families of two-switch buck-boost converters are generated, including several new converter topologies. The two-switch buck-boost converters are evaluated and compared in terms of component stresses in universal-input power-factor-corrector applications. Among them, one new two-switch converter is identified that has low inductor conduction losses (50% of the boost converter), low inductor volt-seconds (72% of the boost converter), and about the same switch conduction losses and voltage stresses as the boost converter.
Potassium tert‐Butoxide–18‐Crown‐6

(t-BuOK) [865-47-4] C4H9KO (MW 112.23) InChI = 1S/C4H9O.K/c1-4(2,3)5;/h1-3H3;/q-1;+1 InChIKey = LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (18-crown-6) [17455-13-9] C12H24O6 (MW 264.36) InChI = 1S/C12H24O6/c1-2-14-5-6-16-9-10-18-12-11-17-8-7-15-4-3-13-1/h1-12H2 InChIKey = XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (basic and especially nucleophilic crown ether complex of t-BuOK) Preparative Method: prepared in situ by mixing the base and the crown ether in an appropriate solvent. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: see 18-Crown-6 and Potassium tert-Butoxide.
A windowed recursive T-matrix algorithm for wave-scattering solutions

A windowed RATMA (recursive aggregate T-matrix algorithm) is discussed which can be used for both E/sub z/ and H/sub z/ wave scatterings. This algorithm has an O(n/sup 2/) complexity in two-dimensions and an O(N/sup 7/3/) complexity in three dimensions which is faster than the method of moments with Gaussian elimination, and yet produces a solution valid for all angles of incidence. >
Des Moines Tries The Conciliation Court

Des Moines joins the list of cities which have lifted justice in small matters out of the class of probihited luxuries available only to the rich.