cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute adrenal insufficiency following cardiac surgical procedures.

Five of 4,364 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures at this hospital from 1974 to 1978 have experienced bizarre and confusing postoperative courses, ultimately shown to be caused by acute adrenal insufficiency. Four were men and the age range was 53 to 73 years. None had evidence of preoperative Addison’s disease or endocrine hypofunction. In each instance, the operation was coronary artery bypass performed without untoward incident. Following uncomplicated postoperative courses ranging from 4 to 10 days, each exhibited insidious symptoms of flank or abdominal pain, delirium, fever, and eventual shock, occasionally preceded by hypertension. Diagnoses considered included leaking abdominal aneurysm, ischemic bowel, retroperitoneal hemorrhage, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, nephrolithiasis, stress ulcer, cecal volvulus, septicemia, brain tumor, cerebral edema, and schizophrenia. None had septicemia. All had abdominal surgical consultation and three underwent laparotomy. The correct diagnosis was first suspected on postoperative days 11 to 30 (average 19.0) and was proved on postoperative days 14 to 42 (average 21.0). Low serum cortisol levels strongly suggested adrenal insufficiency. Confirmation was based on lack of rise in urinary steroid determinations after 3 days of maximal adrenal stimulation with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Four of the patients remain well receiving steroid replacement 5 to 60 months later. One died 16 months postoperatively of aortic dissection.
Prototyping the DySER specialization architecture with OpenSPARC

This paper describes the prototype implementation of the DySER specialization architecture integrated into the OpenSPARC processor. The paper's description covers the hardware, compiler, and application tuning. The prototype system provides speedups up to 14× over OpenSPARC (geometric mean 5×). The architecture is more flexible than SIMD and GPU-based acceleration while supporting a more diverse set of workloads
Christian Maturity in Light of Feminist Theory

Beginning with a methodological statement regarding the integration of faith and learning, the article proceeds to a brief historical overview of definitions of human maturity, followed by a critical evaluation of ideas of maturity implicit in liberal Marxist, and radical feminist movements. Particular attention is paid to certain aspects of “postradical” or “differentiating” feminisms which are compatible with a biblical world view.
Choroidal Folding in Orbital Disease

Choroidal folds are lines or grooves of the posterior pole of the eye which appear as approximately parallel alternating light and dark lines, usually radiating from the disc across the macula. These folds are seen in a variety of orbital and ocular conditions, including orbital inflammation and tumors, hyperopia, scleritis, choroidal tumors, hypotony, retinal or choroidal detachments, papilledema, or after retinal detachment surgery (Bullock & Egbert, 1974).
The Effects of Perceived Threat, Political Orientation, and Framing on Public Reactions to Punitive Immigration Law Enforcement Practices

This study explores variation in people’s reactions to a punitive immigration law enforcement practice. Using a vignette-styled framing-effects experiment, we examined whether reactions to the practice depend, in part, on who receives its consequences. More than 500 undergraduates from a large Mid-Atlantic university read a brief vignette about an immigrant motorist who is stopped by a police officer for a broken taillight violation and then detained for failing to document his legal immigration status. We manipulated three characteristics of the motorist in the vignette, including his nationality (Mexico/Canada), occupation (factory worker/software engineer), and documentation status (documented/undocumented). When we framed the motorist as an unauthorized immigrant, the subjects were more likely to condone the officer’s intrusive actions. We also found that the subjects’ political orientation and immigrant threat perceptions were powerful predictors of their normative reactions to the vignette.
A shooting like method for non-Darcian seepage flow problems

In this paper, we consider an efficient algorithm for solving a class of boundary value problems with gradient nonlinearity arising from many applications such as non-Darician porous media flows.
Failing Better: What We Learn by Confronting Risk and Uncertainty

When it comes to human health, wealth, and happiness—and to social progress and prosperity more generally—there is no static equilibrium, no final destination. There is only a dynamic and never-ending learning process. Learning from experience provides individuals and organizations with valuable informational inputs regarding which methods work better than others. Even more importantly, learning by doing facilitates social and economic resiliency that helps individuals and organizations develop better coping strategies for when things go wrong. Behavioral theorists and nudge advocates often fail to incorporate these insights into their analysis and policy proposals.
Scientific lineage and object-based storage systems

The lineage of scientific data refers to the linkage of a data set with the input and algorithms used to generate it. The input data, the algorithms, and the output data can be represented by nodes in a lineage graph; the child node (the output data) is connected by uni-directional arcs to the parent nodes (the inputs and the algorithm). Lineage graphs provide reproducibility as well as navigation back to original inputs and algorithms. Storage system technologies can be tremendously helpful in the storage and management of data lineage information. Recent developments in the storage industry can assist in the creation of lineage graphs. Object-addressable storage (OAS) systems can unify data with its lineage; the eXtensible Access Method (XAM) can serve as an industry standard access method for manipulating these united objects. Object-addressable storage systems can be mounted as cloud storage devices. These devices are capable of providing lineage functionality to provenance-aware applications.
A State’s Duty to Prepare, Warn, and Mitigate NaturalDisaster Damages

The past two decades have brought an onslaught of increasingly severe natural disasters. Scientists warn that climate change will continue to worsen this phenomenon. Infrastructure has not, and will not, hold up to the threats these natural disaster pose. In light of this new global reality, this Note explores what duty a state has to prepare for, warn of, and mitigate natural disaster damages. Past disasters have left victims unsatisfied with their government’s response to their needs. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina left victims in the U.S. Gulf region abandoned for days; in 2008, the Myanmar government refused to accept foreign aid after Cyclone Nargis swept through the countryside; and in 2009, Italian government scientists offered citizens of L’Aquila absolute assurance that they were safe to return to their homes, merely days before a 6.3 magnitude earthquake devastated the region. The extent of a state’s duty, as well as access to relief, have left victims with tremendous uncertainty. Even with these hurdles and in light of the overwhelming practical and policy concerns, the needs of victims might be best satisfied outside the context of litiga-
Securing a Stop to the Summer Setback: Policy Considerations in the Future Expansion of the Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer for Children.

The Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer for Children (SEBTC) has been proposed as a solution to address the problem of child food security during the summer. Initial SEBTC findings from a demonstration project show promise and the federal government has approved substantial funding for its continuation. This report reviews empirical assessments of SEBTC and Electronic Benefits Transfer research, and presents policy considerations in the program's future expansion.
Internally Combined Volume-Surface Integral Equation for a 3-D Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis of High-Contrast Media

An internally combined volume surface integral equation (ICVSIE) for analyzing three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic scattering from heterogeneous high-contrast (HC) dielectric objects is proposed. Iteratively solved (generalized) volume integral equations [(g)VIEs] often converge slowly when applied to the analysis of electromagnetic interactions involving dielectric objects with permittivities much higher than those of the surrounding medium [HC breakdown] or discretized using mesh elements much smaller than the wavelength [low-frequency (LF) breakdown]. The proposed ICVSIE hybridizes a VIE and a surface integral equation (SIE) in a manner that eliminates both breakdown phenomena. Just as in previous hybrid VIE–SIE approaches, the ICVSIE invokes Huygens surface equivalence principle to transform the original problem into coupled equivalent exterior and interior scenarios. In the exterior scenario, surface currents radiate in the original surrounding medium; in the interior problem, surface and volume polarization currents radiate in a medium with permittivity closer to that of the object. By judiciously combining integral equations pertinent to both scenarios, the ICVSIE system is assembled. Numerical results show that the proposed ICVSIE is both HC and LF stable when applied to the analysis of 3-D scattering problems.
The effect of rivers, streams, and canals on property values

Rivers, streams, and canals support a variety of critical agricultural, industrial, transportation, ecological, and household uses. They also provide important aesthetic, recreational, and sociocultural benefits. This review paper synthesizes the evidence to date regarding the value of these linear water features as aesthetic and recreational resources to adjacent and nearby residents. Specifically, it summarizes 25 studies that have used the hedonic pricing method to calculate the effects of views of and proximity to rivers, streams, and canals on surrounding residential property values. The majority of studies indicated that significant positive property price effects are associated with river, stream, and canal view and proximity, though these effects appear less definitive in rural than urban settings. Implications of the body of evidence for planning, management, and development are discussed, and potential effects of climate change and diversion policies are highlighted. Improvements in measurement facilitated by advanced geographic information systems and rigorous spatially explicit regression techniques are noted.
Have Recent Modifications of Operating Room Attire Policies Decreased Surgical Site Infections? An American College of Surgeons NSQIP Review of 6,517 Patients

Background After a Department of Health site visit, 2 teaching hospitals imposed strict regulations on operating room attire, including full coverage of ears and facial hair. We hypothesized that this intervention would reduce superficial surgical site infections (SSIs). Study Design We compared NSQIP data from all patients undergoing operations in the 9 months before implementation (n = 3,077) to time-matched data 9 months post-implementation (n = 3,440). Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine patient, clinical, and operative factors associated with SSIs. Power analysis was performed using pre-intervention SSI rates. Results Despite a shift toward more clean cases, there were more SSIs post-implementation (33 vs 30 [1%]; p = 0.95). There were no differences in length of stay, complications, or mortality between the 2 time periods. Overall, SSI increased with wound class: 0.6%, 0.9%, 2.3%, and 3.8% in clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, and infected cases, respectively. Limiting the review to clean or clean-contaminated cases, incisional SSIs increased from 0.7% (20 of 2,754) to 0.8% (24 of 3,115) (p = 0.85). A multivariable analysis showed that implementation of these policies was not associated with decreased SSIs (odds ratio 1.2; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.96; p = 0.56). The largest predictors of SSIs were preoperative infection, operative time >75th percentile, open wounds, and dirty/contaminated wounds. A hypothetical analysis revealed that a sample size of 485,154 patients would be required to demonstrate a 10% SSI reduction among patients with clean or clean-contaminated wounds. Conclusions Implementation of stringent operating room attire policies do not reduce SSI rates. A study to prove this principle further would be impractical to conduct.
Comparative study of dissolved and nanoparticulate Ag effects on the life cycle of an estuarine meiobenthic copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis.

Many nanotoxicological studies have assessed the acute toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) at high exposure concentrations. There is a gap in understanding NP chronic environmental effects at lower exp...
Googling your hand hygiene data: Using Google Forms, Google Sheets, and R to collect and automate analysis of hand hygiene compliance monitoring.

Background Hand hygiene is one of the most important interventions in the quest to eliminate healthcare-associated infections, and rates in healthcare facilities are markedly low. Since hand hygiene observation and feedback are critical to improve adherence, we created an easy-to-use, platform-independent hand hygiene data collection process and an automated, on-demand reporting engine. Methods A 3-step approach was used for this project: 1) creation of a data collection form using Google Forms, 2) transfer of data from the form to a spreadsheet using Google Spreadsheets, and 3) creation of an automated, cloud-based analytics platform for report generation using R and RStudio Shiny software. Results A video tutorial of all steps in the creation and use of this free tool can be found on our YouTube channel:
Stimulation of Starter Culture for Further Reduction of Foodborne Pathogens during Salami Fermentation

This study was conducted to determine if stimulated meat starter culture (MSC; Pediococcus acidilactici) would further control Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus during salami fermentation. Manganese ion (0.005% of MnSO4) was used as a stimulator for the growth and acid production of MSC. After 24-h salami fermentation, nonstimulated MSC and stimulated MSC reduced E. coli O157:H7 levels by 1.3 and 2.3 log10 units, respectively. Nonstimulated MSC reduced L. monocytogenes levels by 1.2 log10 units, whereas the stimulated MSC achieved a 2.2-log10 reduction after 24-h fermentation. In the case of S. aureus, nonstimulated MSC and stimulated MSC reduced S. aureus levels by 1.3 and 2.3 log10 units after 24-h fermentation, respectively. Stimulated MSC by MnSO4 reduced those foodborne pathogens more effectively compared with nonstimulated MSC (P < 0.05).
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reverses luteal phase steroid production in oocyte donors*

Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition would affect ovarian steroid synthesis in the oocyte donors undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Setting The IVF program of the University of Southern California. Design Prospective matched clinical trial. Patients Twelve oocyte donors were studied in 28 hyperstimulation cycles. Interventions Donors underwent a standard COH protocol. Follicle aspiration was performed 34 hours after administration of hCG. After the procedure, seven donors were administered the ACE inhibitor, captopril, 6.25 mg orally twice daily for 4 days. The remaining patients served as controls. Main Outcome Measures Serum E 2 , P, plasma prorenin, active renin, and angiotensin II (Ang II). Results Angiotensin II increased after aspiration in both groups but was significantly lower in those receiving captopril. Peak P in the captopril group was significantly lower than controls (81.8 ± 27.8 versus 208.5 ± 23.9 ng/mL [conversion factor to SI unit, 3.180]). Peak E 2 was significantly higher (2,222.4 ± 875.3 versus 425.6 ± 490.4 pg/mL [conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671]). Active renin and Ang II correlated with P. Conclusions In stimulated cycles, inhibition of Ang II production appears to raise serum E 2 and lower P levels. Angiotensin II, therefore, may have a role in the regulation of ovarian steroid synthesis.
Mushrooms: Single Cell Protein from Cellulose

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of mushrooms, technology of mushroom cultivation, log mushroom culture and semi-composted mushroom culture. Mushrooms and other macromycetes are the oldest microbial (single cell protein) food for man and undoubtedly were the first solid state fermentation. Most mushroom production is by mixed or pasteurized culture techniques; however, some is essentially pure culture technique. Commercial practice and even most research reported in the last few years seems relatively primitive compared to submerged cultures in the fermentation industry; however, submerged culture of mushrooms has not proven to be commercially viable. Solid state culture appears to be the most suitable method for cultivating the macromycetes. In general, mushroom culture and solid state fermentation is an area where great advances seem possible. It is likely that it will become of greater importance in the production of enzymes, antitumor compounds and antibiotics, as well as food and feed. Mushroom science and technology have been of importance to the history of fermentation technology. Humfeld was responsible for the mechanically agitated fermentor, which is presently, the central hardware of the fermentation industry.
Limitations to Input-Output Analysis of Cascade Control of Unstable Chemical Reactors

Abstract In this paper we show that the traditional methods of analyzing cascade control (based on series or parallel input/output relationships) should not be used when the primary and secondary processes are coupled, and the process is open-loop unstable. The connection between cascade control and traditional state feedback control is studied. In addition, we develop a cascade control system methodology which incorporates a specified inner-loop controller in the outer-loop controller design. This cascade control design procedure is compared to a conventional cascade control design procedure and to a noncascade control strategy.
Examining the Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty in the Relationship Between Health Anxiety and Likelihood of Medical Care Utilization

Health anxiety is associated with reassurance-seeking behaviors, including persistent medical care utilization. The current study sought to identify targetable and underlying (transdiagnostic) factors that may influence the relationship between health anxiety and medical care utilization. We examined the role of both anxiety sensitivity (AS; fear of arousal-related sensations) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU; fear of the unknown) in the relationship between health anxiety and likelihood of utilization of general, specialist, and emergency care among 566 adults (Mage = 20.47, SD = 3.54, 79.9% female). A three-way interaction revealed that AS strengthened the association between health anxiety and likelihood of general medical care utilization within the context of higher, but not lower, levels of IU. Only the main effects of AS and IU were significantly associated with odds of emergency care utilization, and there were no significant predictors of odds of specialist care utilization. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.
Rapid Assessment of Shoreline Changes Induced by Tropical Cyclone Oma Using CubeSat Imagery in Southeast Queensland, Australia

Kelly, J.T. and Gontz, A.M., 2020. Rapid assessment of shoreline changes induced by Tropical Cyclone Oma using CubeSat imagery in southeast Queensland, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(1), 72–87. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Tropical Cyclone Oma hit the SE Queensland coast of Australia in February 2019. Significant wave heights exceeding 10 m were further amplified by a king tide. Satellite remote sensing of pre- and post-Oma shoreline positions was performed because storms hindered the ability to acquire field-based data. The high spatial and temporal resolution of PlanetScope imagery enabled mapping of the high water line (HWL), which was used as a shoreline indicator across 200 km of shoreline. Given that this is the first use of PlanetScope imagery to map shoreline positions, the positional uncertainty was assessed. Comparison to a temporally coincident, LIDAR-derived mean high water (MHW) shoreline at a distant site showed an average horizontal offset of 9 m with the HWL shoreline. The Oma-affected shoreline uncertainty ranged between ±13.86 and 23.28 m, primarily influenced by the geometric accuracy of the data used, as well as the pixel size of the imagery and the horizontal offset between the HWL and MHW elevations. The net shoreline movement (NSM) was calculated every 200 m along the study area by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Only transects with NSM values greater than the uncertainty of their associated shoreline compartment were used to assess change. The spatial distribution of erosion and accretion was similar across the SW–NE-oriented shorelines as the southern ends of Fraser Island and the Cooloola Sand Mass eroded while their northern ends prograded. Wave data shows that the wave direction rapidly shifted 56° in an anticlockwise direction during Oma. Wave propagation came primarily from the SE, and the direction of longshore transport likely turned northward, leading to the shoreline rotation observed in the imagery. This study demonstrates the significant improvement on assessments of regional-scale shoreline changes in the aftermath of an episodic event using new satellite products.
Ultrastructure of hagfish blood leucocytes.

Ostracoderms were the first fishes to emerge from the primordial ooze during the Devonian and Silurian periods of the Paleozoic era, over 400 million years ago. These ancient armoured fishes are now extinct, but their direct decendents, hagfishes and lampreys, still persist throughout much of the aquatic world. Hagfishes are Agnathan cyclostomes and possess numerous primitive physiologic and morphologic traits. Phylogenetically they are considered to be the lowest living vertebrate. Because of their pre-historic lineage and primitive characteristics, hagfishes probably represent an important stage in the early evolution of advanced fishes and higher vertebrates. An evaluation of their immunologic repertoire may elucidate the early development of immune responsiveness of higher vertebrates. Futhermore, hagfishes which are notochordates represent an important transition between the protochrodates and the true vertebrates may possess immunologic mechanisms common to both groups.
Exploring Patients' Experience with Clinicians Who Recognize Their Unmet Palliative Needs: An Inpatient Study

Background: Given the national shortage of palliative care specialists relative to the need for their services, engaging nonspecialists is important to ensure patients with serious illness have an opportunity to share their goals and values with their providers. Hospital medicine clinicians are well positioned to conduct these conversations given they care for many medically complex patients. Yet, little is known about the patient experience of inpatient goals and values conversations led by hospitalist teams. Objective: To assess patients' experience and perception of the quality of goals and values conversations. Design/Setting/Participation: Single center, tertiary care, nonrandomized, two group cohort trial of patients hospitalized on general medical inpatient units staffed by hospital medicine clinicians previously trained to conduct serious illness conversations. Intervention: An automated screening tool was used to identify patients at increased risk for unmet palliative needs. The multidisciplinary team was informed of the screen's results on the intervention units but not on the control units. Intervention unit clinicians were asked to consider talking with patients about their goals and values. Results: One hundred thirty patients participated in the study. The intervention patients reported improved quality of communication and fewer anxiety and depression symptoms compared with the control patients. Hospice utilization in addition to emergency department visits and hospital readmissions did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that informing the care team regarding their patients' potential unmet palliative care needs is associated with patients reporting improved experience of their care without adverse effects on their mood.
Deformation Monitoring Method of Long Time Series Interferometry for UHV Power Transmission Towers in Goaf

Power transmission towers have a strong backscattering property in SAR images. In high-resolution SAR images, the target property of UHV towers is reflected as a series of bright spots and form into bright lines that are wide in range and narrow in azimuth. The power transmission towers can be precisely extracted from high-resolution SAR images by their geometric structures, spatial topological relations, texture features and other information. In this paper, we put forward the long time series interferometry for deformation monitoring of UHV power transmission towers in goafs, and an experiment on the deformation monitoring of UHV power transmission towers in the study area is carried out. The result indicates there are two clear subsidence centers in the study area and the ground subsidence is expected to get worse year by year as new infrastructures are constructed in the study area.
Two-particle correlations on transverse momentum: an untapped resource for studying relativistic heavy-ion collision dynamics

Two-particle correlation projections onto two-dimensional transverse momentum coordinates (pt 1 , pt 2 ) allow access to properties of the relativistic heavy-ion collision system which are complementary to that studied using angular correlations. Examples include the degree of thermal equilibration and the variance of dynamical fluctuations in hard-scattering processes. Results for minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at √s NN = 200 are presented, with the structures described by two phenomenological models. The correlations structures and extracted physical quantities are then compared to theoretical predictions. Conclusions from these comparisons regarding global equilibration, fluctuations in soft and semi-hard QCD processes, and the effects of the hot, dense collision medium are presented.
A multi-center trial of exercise and testosterone therapy in women after hip fracture: Design, methods and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Up to 75% of hip fracture patients never recover to their pre-fracture functional status. Supervised exercise that includes strength training can improve functional recovery after hip fracture. The role of testosterone replacement for augmenting the effects of exercise in older women after hip fracture is unknown. METHODS: The Starting Testosterone and Exercise after Hip Injury (STEP-HI) Study is a 6-month Phase 3 multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial designed to compare supervised exercise (EX) plus 1% testosterone topical gel, with EX plus placebo gel, and with enhanced usual care (EUC). Female hip fracture patients age ≥ 65 years are being recruited from clinical centers across the United States. Participants are community dwelling and enrolled within 24 weeks after surgical repair of the fracture. The EX intervention is a center-based program of progressive resistance training. The EUC group receives a home exercise program and health education. Participants receive dietary counseling, calcium and vitamin D. The primary outcome is the Six Minute Walk Distance. Secondary outcomes include physical performance measures, self-reported function and quality of life, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of body composition and bone mineral density. RESULTS: Enrollment, interventions, and follow-up are ongoing. We describe the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the trial, including modifications made to allow continuation of the interventions and outcome data collection using remote video and audio technology. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the STEP-HI study are expected to have important clinical and public health implications for management of the growing population of hip fracture patients.
Trans-Oral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF):

Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) is designed to create a 3 cm length, 270° to 300°, omega-shaped flap valve, reconstructing the structure and function of the lower esophageal sphincter (...
Freyja: A Full Multirotor System for Agile & Precise Outdoor Flights

Several independent approaches exist for state estimation and control of multirotor unmanned aerial systems (UASs) that address specific and constrained operational conditions. This work presents a complete end-to-end pipeline that enables precise, aggressive and agile maneuvers for multirotor UASs under real and challenging outdoor environments. We leverage state-of-the-art optimal methods from the literature for trajectory planning and control, such that designing and executing dynamic paths is fast, robust and easy to customize for a particular application. The complete pipeline, built entirely using commercially available components, is made open-source and fully documented to facilitate adoption. We demonstrate its performance in a variety of operational settings, such as hovering at a spot under dynamic wind speeds of up to 5– 6m/s (12–15mi/h) while staying within 12cm of 3D error. We also characterize its capabilities in flying high-speed trajectories outdoors, and enabling fast aerial docking with a moving target with planning and interception occurring in under 8s.
Probing charge transfer in 2D MoS2/tellurene type-II p–n heterojunctions

2D heterostructures offer new opportunities for harnessing a wider range of the solar spectrum in high-performance photovoltaic devices. Here, we explore a type-II p–n heterojunction, by exploiting air-stable tellurene (Te) in combination with MoS2, to study its charge transfer for photovoltaic applications. The charge transfer of MoS2/Te heterojunction is confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The exciton binding energy for MoS2/Te heterojunction is estimated to be around 10 meV, which is much lower than that for monolayer MoS2. This strategy can be exploited to develop next-generation intrinsically ultrathin light-harvesting devices.
The Stretched-Vortex SGS Model in Physical Space

The stretched-vortex subgrid stress model for the large-eddy simulation of turbulent flows has been developed to the stage where it can be applied to realistic flow at large Reynolds numbers [1] [2]. The basic assumption of this model [3] is that the subgrid vortex structure consists of straight, stretched vortices containing a nearly axisymmetric subgrid vorticity field. Vortices of this type, such as the Burgers vortex and the stretched-spiral vortex have provided fair quantitative estimates of turbulence fine-scale properties [4]. These structures are probably an oversimplified model of fine-scale turbulence, but may nevertheless contain sufficient of the vortex-stretching and energy cascade physics characteristic of the small scales to provide a reasonable basis for subgrid-stress modelling for LES. The resulting subgrid stresses are $${{\tau }_{{ij}}} = K\left( {{{\delta }_{{ij}}} - e_{i}^{v}e_{j}^{v}} \right),$$ (1) where K is the subgrid energy and e i v , i = 1, 2, 3 are the direction cosines of the subgrid vortex axis. The local subgrid dissipation ϵ sgs is equal to the product of K with the component of \({{\tilde{S}}_{{ij}}}\) aligned with the vortex axis. A class of simple models is obtained when it is assumed that the subgrid vortices are aligned with the eigenvectors of the rate-of-strain tensor \({{\tilde{S}}_{{ij}}}\) [1]. Utilizing an assumed Kolmogorov form for the local subgrid energy spectrum, the model estimates the turbulent energy production at the resolved-scale cutoff in terms of the model parameters ϵ and the Kolmogorov prefactor K 0 and adjusts these parameters locally so as to continue the cascade through the cutoff to the subgrid vortex structures where the dissipation takes place.
The Effect of Citral and Geraniol Conditioning on the Searching Activity of Honeybee Recruits

SummaryTen forager honeybees from Caucasian and from Cordovan mutant Italian colonies in a wire-screen flight cage were marked, and conditioned to collect sucrose solution placed above petri dishes scented with citral or geraniol. Recruits from colonies conditioned to citral alone or to geraniol alone were attracted to the training scent in greater numbers when it was presented alone than when in combination with the other scent; very few were attracted to the other scent alone or to the unscented dishes. A large number of recruits from a wild-type Italian colony conditioned to citral + geraniol were attracted to dishes with the combination of scents and fewer to dishes with a single scent. Recruits from the same colony were not attracted to any of the scented dishes while its foragers were conditioned to gather sucrose from an unscented training station.
Brown adipose tissue as a derivative of mesoderm grafted below the kidney capsule. A model for differentiation of isolated rat mesoderm.

During development, mesoderm differentiates into connective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscle and kidney. In experimental conditions the developmental spectrum of mesoderm grafted below the kidney capsule is reduced so that mostly brown adipose tissue (BAT) appears. Since BAT is a particular tissue with a specific developmental pattern, the structural and functional characteristics of experimentally developed BAT were analyzed in the present study. Mesoderm from nine-day-old rat embryos was grafted below the kidney capsule of adult rats and one month later the BAT-containing tumors were analyzed. The ultrastructural and morphometrical data of BAT-containing tumors were the same as in BAT developed in situ. Tissue-specific mRNA for uncoupling protein (UCP) was expressed in BAT-containing tumors, and immuno-electron microscopical analysis showed that mitochondria of these brown adipocytes contained UCP. Injections of noradrenaline and exposure of BAT-tumor-bearing rats to cold stress increased both the amount of UCP and the expression of UCP mRNA in tumors of BAT; i.e., experimentally developed BAT entirely resembled standard BAT. It is proposed that mesoderm isolated and displaced below the kidney capsule lacks the inductive stimuli of ectoderm and endoderm, and as a result mesoderm can not realize the natural pattern of differentiation. Here, in a new environment, mesoderm is exposed to new stimuli which induce differentiation of mesoderm into BAT, probably through neuro-vascular elements from the medial side of the kidney (BAT area). Thus, although mesoderm contains a wide differentiation capacity, it can differentiate into only one type of tissue, depending on the presence and range of inductive stimuli.
Classroom acoustics for acceptable speech recognition: A review

The basic acoustical requirements for accpetable speech recognition in classrooms were investigated. The scores for speech intelligibility increased with increasing signal-to-noise ratio until near 100% intelligibility was reached. The study was useful in determining safe teacher voice levels and the required speech/noise ratio for all ages of children.
The maximum principle for the Bergman space and the Möbius pseudodistance for the annulus

It is shown that the formula for the Mobius pseudodistance for the annulus yields better estimates than previously known for the constant in the Bergman space maximum principle.
Change for Women's Sake

Mench argues changing humanitarian aid policies to benefit women refugees will reduce dependency on foreign aid. Targeting the refugee crisis in Darfur, the author proposes humanitarian assistance is needed specifically for women, granting them access to basic necessities, education/training and income-generating programs. While women refugees tend to more vulnerable than their male counterparts, if women are taught to be self-sustainable, this would in turn reduce the amount of aid needed as women could provide for themselves and their families. The author reveals the unintended fallacies in many humanitarian assistance programs and outlines beneficial programs as well as makes recommendations for improving current programs for women. [Abstract by editor]
Fast Stochastic Frank-Wolfe Algorithms for Nonlinear SVMs.

The high computational cost of nonlinear support vector machines has limited their usability for large-scale problems. We propose two novel stochastic algorithms to tackle this problem. These algorithms are based on a simple and classic optimization method: the Frank-Wolfe method, which is known to be fast for problems with a large number of linear constraints. Formulating the nonlinear SVM problem to take advantage of this method, we achieve a provable time complexity of O(dQ/2). The proposed algorithms achieve comparable or even better accuracies than the state-of-theart methods, and are significantly faster.
Correlation of Pain and Fluoride Concentration in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients on Voriconazole.

Abstract Supportive care guidelines recommend antimold prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients deemed to have high risk for invasive fungal infection, leading to long-term use of voriconazole after allogeneic HSCT in patients who remain immunocompromised. Voriconazole has been associated with periostitis, exostoses, and fluoride excess in patients after solid organ transplantation, HSCT, and leukemia therapy. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency and clinical presentation of patients presenting with pain and fluoride excess among allogeneic HSCT patients taking voriconazole, to identify when a plasma fluoride concentration was measured with respect to voriconazole initiation and onset of pain, and to describe the outcomes of patients with fluoride excess in the setting of HSCT. A retrospective review was conducted of all adult allogeneic HSCT patients receiving voriconazole at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between January 1, 2009 and July 31, 2012. Of 242 patients included, 32 had plasma fluoride measured to explore the etiology of musculoskeletal pain. In 31 patients with fluoride measurement while on voriconazole, 29 (93.5%) had elevated levels. The median plasma fluoride was 11.1 μmol/L (range, 2.4 to 24.7). The median duration of voriconazole was 163 days (range, 2 to 1327). The median time to fluoride measurement was 128 days after voriconazole initiation (range, 28 to 692). At 1 year after the start of voriconazole after HSCT, 15.3% of patients had developed pain associated with voriconazole use and 35.7% developed pain while on voriconazole after 2 years. Of the patients with an elevated fluoride level, 22 discontinued voriconazole; pain resolved or improved in 15, stabilized in 3, and worsened in 4 patients. Ten patients continued voriconazole; pain resolved or improved in 7, was attributable to alternative causes in 2, and undefined in 1. Serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, alkaline phosphatase, and voriconazole concentration did not predict for fluoride excess and associated pain. Periostitis due to fluoride excess is a common adverse effect of voriconazole that should be considered in patients presenting with pain and is often reversible after drug discontinuation. Alternative antifungal agents with a lower risk for fluoride excess should be considered in patients receiving voriconazole who develop fluoride excess and pain.
Normalization in cointegrated time series systems

A method for normalizing cointegrating vectors is proposed for cointegrated time series systems containing multiple cointegrating vectors, a method requiring that an identity matrix appear in the normalized cointegrating matrix with unit coefficients at- tached to the endogenous or choice variables. The preferred method causes the normalized cointegrating matrix and the adjustment matrix to be consistent with the implications of static and dynamic economic theory. Alternative normalizations generate cointegrating and adjustment matrices that do not match up well with economic theory and do not reveal the testable restrictions implied by static economic theory. JEL classification: EOO Normalisation dans des systemes de series chronologiques co-integrees. On propose une methode pour normaliser les vecteurs co-integrants pour des systemes de series chronologiques co-integrees contenant de multiples vecteurs co-integrants. Cette methode requiert qu'une matrice identitaire apparaisse dans la matrice co-integrante normalisee avec des coefficients unitaires attaches aux variables endogenes et de choix. La methode preferee assure que la matrice co-integrante normalisee et la matrice d'ajustement soient consistantes avec les implications de la theorie economique statique et dynamique. Des normalisations de rechange engendrent des matrices qui s'arriment mal a la theorie economique et ne revelent pas les restrictions verifiables impliquees par la theorie statique.
Zinc uptake by corn as affected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae

Pot-grown mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal sweet corn were grown in a low Zn soil. All treatments received a complete nutrient solution with or without Zn. Treatments were harvested sequentially to detemine temporal mycorrhizal effects on: (a) tissue and water soluble Zn and (b) differential uptake of P and Zn. Plants grown with supplemental Zn had greater growth and Zn tissue concentration than those not receiving Zn. With no supplemental Zn, mycorrhizal treatments had greater growth and Zn concentration than non-mycorrhizal treatments. There was no indication of nutrient interaction between Zn and P. Over the range of tissue Zn found, there appeared to be no advantage to water soluble Zn analysis over total Zn in assessing plant Zn status.
The Tax Consequences of Partnership Break-Ups: A Primer on Partnership Sales and Liquidations

This Article is a practical exploration of the tax consequences of the alternatives for reducing a partner’s interest: by sale or by a liquidation distribution. Partnerships and limited liability companies do not last forever. Indeed, there comes a point in the life of many partnerships when it is time to retire or to eliminate the interest of one or more partners. There are essentially two forms of transactions for reducing or terminating the interest of a partner: a sale of the partner’s interest to another partner or a third party or a distribution from the partnership in liquidation of the partner’s interest. In some cases the economic effect of a sale or distribution will be the same. The binary nature of this choice, however, is deceptively simple. The variable tax consequences inherent in sales and liquidations of a partner’s interest raise some of the most complex issues in tax law that involve both technical and numerical challenges. In addition, although these issues arise at the reduction or termination of an interest, planning at the formation of a partnership is critical to resolution of questions about the termination of a partner’s interest. With examples, the Article is an attempt to guide the practitioner through an analysis of the statutory and regulatory rules affecting the taxation of sales and liquidation of a partner’s interest looking at the tax consequences to both the partners and the partnership. Although the Article is not an attempt to achieve the impossible — simplifying the excruciatingly complex analysis — the article tries to provide an analytical foundation for the myriad of difficult questions that arise on the context of removing a partner’s interest.
Interpretation of static secondary ion spectra

A model is presented in which electron impact (EI)/electronic excitation plays a pivotal role in the formation of secondary ions in the SIMS experiment, especially those originating from discrete molecular species. Positive ions are formed by electron loss whereas negative ions are formed by electron capture. Collisions of the new ions with the surface and with other species directly above the sample, along with metastable decay events, reduce the number of odd electron ions detected and produce the changes that make SIMS spectra so different from El mass spectra. Primary support for this model is gathered from static SIMS spectra themselves, which can be rationalized to a large degree by assuming that the same rearrangement and fragmentation mechanisms that are invoked to explain El mass spectra take place at the surface after kiloelectron-volt ion impacts. The static secondary ion spectra of a variety of simple discrete molecular species, of simple hydrocarbons, of monofunctional organic species and of more complicated multifunctional organic species are analyzed in this way and the utility of this model is demonstrated.
Inflammation in nasal lavage fluid in chronic rhinosinusitis

Abstract Rationale Chronic rhinosinusitis (CS) has a well documented inflammatory profile but this can only be obtained through invasive procedures. Nasal lavage has been proposed as a non-invasive tool in the assessment of inflammation. We correlated the inflammatory cell profile from sinus tissue of individuals with CS with that obtained from their nasal lavage. Methods Tissue was obtained from 10 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical treatment. Using fluorescence activated cell sorter cytometry, sinus mucosal tissue was analyzed for T lymphocytes (CD3+4+, CD3+8+), B lymphocytes (CD19+), NK cells (CD 56+), and mononuclear cells (CD13+14+). Nasal lavage using normal saline was obtained just prior to the surgery and analyzed by flow cytometry for the same cells. Inflammatory cells found in tissue and lavage were paired and analyzed for correlation. Results Inflammatory cells found in tissue were not significantly correlated with those found in the nasal lavage: CD3+, p=0.425; CD3+4+, p=0.185; CD3+8+, p=0.0665; CD 56+, p=0.275; CD 19+, p=0.733; CD13+14+, p=0.185. Conclusion Preliminary data with this technique does not show a correlation between the percentage of inflammatory cells found in tissue and nasal lavage of patients with CS.
Phase Equilibria in Synthetic Coal–Petcoke Slags (Al2O3–CaO–FeO–SiO2–V2O3) under Simulated Gasification Conditions

Phase equilibria of the Al2O3–CaO–FeO–SiO2–V2O3 system in synthetic slag mixtures simulating coal–petcoke slag chemistry at 1500 °C in an oxygen partial pressure of 10–8 atm were investigated by a series of quench experiments. Quenched samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX). Two precipitated crystal phases were identified in molten slags: mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) in Al2O3-rich slags and karelianite (V2O3) in V2O3-rich slags. Scanning electron microscopy and TEM diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of the mullite and karelianite phases. On the basis of experimental results, an isothermal phase diagram of the Al2O3–CaO–FeO–SiO2–V2O3 system at 1500 °C and PO2 = 10–8 atm is proposed while keeping CaO = 7.0 wt % and FeO = 13.5 wt %.