cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Empirical Evidence for Telemedicine Interventions in Mental Disorders.

Abstract Problem and Objective: This research derives from the confluence of several factors, namely, the prevalence of a complex array of mental health issues across age, social, ethnic, and economic groups, an increasingly critical shortage of mental health professionals and the associated disability and productivity loss in the population, and the potential of telemental health (TMH) to ameliorate these problems. Definitive information regarding the true merit of telemedicine applications and intervention is now of paramount importance among policymakers, providers of care, researchers, payers, program developers, and the public at large. This is necessary for rational policymaking, prudent resource allocation decisions, and informed strategic planning. This article is aimed at assessing the state of scientific knowledge regarding the merit of telemedicine interventions in the treatment of mental disorders (TMH) in terms of feasibility/acceptance, effects on medication compliance, health outcomes, and ...
Foreword: Evaluation of new treatment paradigms for diabetic retinopathy and macular edema.

This is an interesting time in diabetic retinopathy research. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that currently available medications and treatments can slow the development of diabetic complications and reduce the risk of blindness. I have been fortunate to be involved in a 6-year collaboration between Eli Lilly & Co. and the National Eye Institute, which has focused on promising medical treatments for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. As we discuss promising medical treatments for diabetic retinopathy, we need to consider them as being complementary to, and not replacements for, the best practices now being applied. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 2 and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) 1 showed that we can slow the progression of DR by controlling blood sugar, serum lipids, and blood pressure in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In the DCCT, intensive medical control slowed the progression of retinopathy by more than 50%. We still work to improve on that, because achievement of the targets of intensive medical control, even today, remains a near-impossible task. (I have enormous respect for my patients who are able to control blood glucose and maintain their HbA1c 7.) The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) and Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) showed that scatter photocoagulation can substantially reduce the risk of severe blindness from proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, treatment for diabetic macular edema has not been as successful, and I believe that this is a greater problem for us. We have shown that focal photocoagulation and grid photocoagulation, where needed, may reduce the risk of vision loss from diabetic macular edema by 50%. Involvement of the center with diabetic macular edema is the key, and the question is whether new agents, such as anti-angiogenics, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, and protein kinase C inhibitors, will be effective. Aldose reductase inhibitors are still under investigation. Additionally, interest remains in advanced glycated endproduct inhibitors and growth hormone antagonists. Treatments to manage blood pressure and decrease lipids have improved the management of diabetic complications, and promising treatments that directly target the microvascular complications of diabetes are on the horizon. This supplement, arising from a CME-accredited satellite symposium held in New Orleans on the occasion of the 2001 meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, is just an opening salvo to help us look toward the future. Of course, to prevent blindness, regular screening, careful follow-up, and timely treatment are essential building blocks in effective medicine. To those building blocks, it is hoped that we can soon add innovative treatments.
Routing Model for Multicommodity Freight in an Intermodal Network Under Disruptions

This paper presents a mathematical model for the routing of multicommodity freight in an intermodal network under disruptions. A stochastic mixed-integer program was formulated to minimize not only operational costs of various modes and transfer costs at terminals but also penalty costs associated with unsatisfied demands. The sample average approximation algorithm was used to solve this challenging problem. The developed model was then applied to two networks—a hypothetical 15-node network and an actual intermodal network in the Gulf Coast, Southeastern, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States—to demonstrate its applicability with explicit consideration of disruptions at links, nodes, and terminals. The model results indicated that during disruptions, goods in the study region should be shipped by road–rail intermodal network because of the built-in redundancy of the freight transport network. Additionally, the routes generated by the model were found to be more robust than those typically used by ...
Do Employment Quotas Explain the Occupational Choices of Disadvantaged Minorities in India

This article investigates the effects of a large-scale public sector employment quota policy for disadvantaged minorities (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) in India on their occupational choices, as defined by skill level, during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that, first, the employment quota policy significantly affects the occupational structure of both disadvantaged minority populations. In response to the employment quotas, individuals belonging to the Scheduled Caste group are more likely to choose high-skill occupations and less likely to choose low- and middle-skill occupations, while individuals belonging to the Scheduled Tribe group are less likely to choose high-skill occupations and more likely to choose low- and middle-skill occupations. Second, the influence of the employment quotas is significantly interrelated with an individual's years of schooling. Overall, the results indicate that the employment quota policy changes the occupational choices of individuals within the targeted populations and contributes to their improved socio-economic standing.
WYSISNWIV: What You Scan Is Not What I Visit

A variety of attacks, including remote-code execution exploits, malware, and phishing, are delivered to users over the web. Users are lured to malicious websites in various ways, including through spam delivered over email and instant messages, and by links injected in search engines and popular benign websites. In response to such attacks, many initiatives, such as Google's Safe Browsing, are trying to make the web a safer place by scanning URLs to automatically detect and blacklist malicious pages. Such blacklists are then used to block dangerous content, take down domains hosting malware, and warn users that have clicked on suspicious links. However, they are only useful, when scanners and browsers address the web the same way. This paper presents a study that exposes differences on how browsers and scanners parse URLs. These differences leave users vulnerable to malicious web content, because the same URL leads the browser to one page, while the scanner follows the URL to scan another page. We experimentally test all major browsers and URL scanners, as well as various applications that parse URLs, and discover multiple discrepancies. In particular, we discover that pairing Firefox with the blacklist produced by Google's Safe Browsing, leaves Firefox users exposed to malicious content hosted under URLs including the backslash character. The problem is a general one and affects various applications and URL scanners. Even though, the solution is technically straightforward, it requires that multiple parties follow the same standard when parsing URLs. Currently, the standard followed by an application, seems to be unconsciously dictated by the URL parser implementation it is using, while most browsers have strayed from the URL RFC.
Spatial analysis of muscular activations in stroke survivors

We investigated the spatial patterns of electrical activity in stroke-affected muscles using the high density surface electromyogram (sEMG) grids. We acquired 128-channel sEMG signals from the impaired as well as contralateral Biceps Brachii (BB) muscles of stroke survivors and from healthy participants at various force levels from 20 to 60% of maximum voluntary contraction in an isometric non-fatiguing recording protocol. We found the spatial sEMG pattern to be consistent across force levels in healthy and stroke subjects. However, once compared across sides (left vs right in healthy and impaired vs. contralateral in stroke) we found stroke-affected sides to be significantly different in distribution pattern of sEMG from the contralateral side. The sEMG activity areas were significantly shrunk on the affected sides indicating muscle atrophy due to stroke.
All Loads Are Not Equal: Distinct Influences of Perceptual Load and Cognitive Load on Peripheral Ad Processing

Task load is an important variable in understanding mediated message processing under different levels of demand on audience attention. However, past research has neglected to differentiate between...
Developing Leadership Talent in Family Businesses: Embracing Risk or Playing It Safe

On-the-job experiences are emphasized as powerful developers of leadership talent in leadership and family business literature. Our qualitative study of 37 family business leaders from mid-market privately held family firms found that it is not just having experiences but the nature of those experiences that determines whether or not authentic leadership talent is actually developed, particularly in next-generation family enterprise leaders. The ?family effect,? the extent to which actors in a family firm embrace risk in the development of nextgeneration leaders, is identified as central to the development of leadership competencies. We propose a conceptual framework with four factors that promote and four factors that impede the development of leadership talent in family enterprises. Early leadership learning experiences, emotional and social intelligence, job assignments with real responsibility and accountability, and personal reflection promote the development of authentic leadership talent in family firms. Obligatory or entitled motivations for joining the family business, being shielded from risk and/or the consequences of failure, a family business environment characterized by unresolved conflict, and being promoted to positions without necessary qualifications impede the development of leadership talent, and are associated with family business leaders who are likely to hold what we have labeled ?pseudo leadership positions.?
Policy-Related Experiments on Information Provision: A Normative Model and Explication

As government agencies have become more proactive they have begun to conduct prospective impact evaluation studies. Laboratory experimentation is an appropriate method for such studies. The authors discuss relevant issues and normative values to be considered in developing and evaluating such research in a public policy setting. An explication of the model in a policy case is presented.
On the Design of Instrumented Double-Wall Model Piles Used to Investigate Plugging of Open-Ended Pipe Piles

Plugging of open-ended pipe piles during installation and loading is an important phenomenon with substantial effects on pile capacity. This paper offers a number of comments related to the design of instrumented double-wall pipe piles that are becoming increasingly popular in research. A double-wall pile consists of two concentric thin-wall cylinders that are rigidly fixed at the top and are free to strain independently of one another elsewhere, with the pile shoe attached to one of the cylinders. Instrumentation that permits defining the state of the stress around the pile is installed between the two cylinders. Pile geometry, location of pile shoe, protection of sensors, radial stress measurements, and pore water pressure measurements are discussed. Measurements indicate that when a pile plugs, load is transferred by arching to the inner pile surface within the first two pile diameters. The data also indicates that a surge in pore water pressure occurs with each hammer blow, which results in a reduction of effective stress and subsequent pile setup.
The role of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in the division of WI 38 cells. The cellular response to prostaglandin E1 and the effects of an cyclic adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate analogue and prostaglandin E1 on cell division.

Inhibition of growth and DNA synthesis was observed in WI 38 cells incubated with 8-methylthioadenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate or prostaglandin E1. The effect of both compounds on cell growth was reversible. On removal of these compounds from culture media the cells initiated DNA synthesis and divided. In addition, prostaglandin E1 stimulated cyclic AMP formation in these cells to over 40 times the normal basal value. The increase in cyclic AMP concentration in WI 38 cells after addition of prostaglandin E1 showed a marked variation. Cells that had recently been treated with trypsin and plated at a lower cell density exhibited a smaller response to addition of prostaglandin E1 than cells that had divided and reached confluence.
Labour management of a woman with carnitine palmitoyl transferase type 2 deficiency.

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) type 2 deficiency is a disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In situations where energy stores are inadequate, such as may occur during labour, women with CPT type 2 deficiency are at risk of rhabdomyolysis. There is limited experience in the management of women with this condition in labour. We report a case of successful labour management of a woman with CPT type 2 deficiency, together with a brief review of the published case reports and a discussion of the issues surrounding anaesthetic management.
Nursery Housing Systems for Early Weaned Pigs1

Abstract One hundred ninety pigs weaned at 4 wk of age were used to study the effects of five rearing systems on pig performance. Treatment 1 was a conventional nursery pen, treatment 2 was a top deck, treatment 3 was a bottom deck, treatment 4 was the combined top and bottom deck, and treatment 5 was a minipen. Treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 were in a heated, enclosed nursery while treatment 5 was in an enclosed, ventilated building with no supplemental heat. Weights were recorded at weaning, on day 14 and day 28 of the test. There was no difference (P
The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, modifies predation at the soil surface and in cotton foliage

Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, are generalist predators that can have major impacts on foliar arthropod communities in agricultural systems; however, their effects as predators at the soil surface have not been adequately characterized. We examined the contribution of fire ants to predation at the soil surface and in cotton foliage at two sites and over the course of two field seasons in Georgia, using egg masses of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. To assess interactions between fire ants and other arthropod species, we also measured the densities of edaphic predators and honeydew-producing hemipterans at both sites. The sites occurred in different growing regions (Piedmont and Coastal Plain), and allowed us to characterize the importance of fire ants as predators under different climatic and soil conditions. Fire ant suppression decreased egg predation at both field sites, and predation by fire ants at the soil surface was equal to if not greater than that in cotton foliage. However, the impact of fire ants on predation varied between sites, likely due to differences in climate and the composition and activity of the extant arthropod communities. Our study also indicates that fire ant suppression is associated with decreases in the density of honeydew-producing insects, and increasing abundance of whiteflies on the plants coincided with a decrease in egg predation at the soil surface. This finding suggests the mutualism between ants and whiteflies may lead to a shift in predation intensity from edaphic towards plant-based food webs.
Central β-adrenoceptor regulation and adaptation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions

Most clinically effective antidepressant treatments — pharmacotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) — attenuate the norepinephrine (NE) [noradrenaline] sensitive adenylate cyclase system and this attenuation is generally linked to a down-regulation of its β-adrenoceptor subpopulation (Sulser, 1983). Since catecholamine receptor coupled adenylate cyclase systems function as highly efficient kinetic amplification systems, small changes in receptor number and function, such as the formation of the second messenger cyclic AMP, will be amplified through the cascade of protein kinase mediated phosphorylation processes. Utilizing the β-adrenoceptor-cyclic AMP mediated formation of melatonin in the pineal gland, Heydorn et al. (1982) have demonstrated that the net effect on NE signal transfer following chronic treatment with antidepressants — both tricyclics and MAO inhibitors — is a deamplification of the NE signal.
Enhancing Water Governance for Climate Resilience: Arizona, USA—Sonora, Mexico Comparative Assessment of the Role of Reservoirs in Adaptive Management for Water Security

Climate variability and change exert disproportionate impacts on the water sector because water is a crosscutting resource for food production, energy generation, economic development, poverty alleviation, and ecosystem processes. Flexible surface water and groundwater storage together with adaptive water governance are increasingly recognized and deployed to strengthen climate resilience, specifically by buffering drought and flood extremes, bridging interannual variability, and providing for multiple uses of water, including environmental flows. Adaptation can be further enhanced by the following: (1) accounting for hydroclimatic and water-demand uncertainties; (2) strengthening institutional learning in relation to reservoirs (reoperations as well as mechanisms to address growing civil-society critiques of “hard-path dependence”); (3) increasing flexibility of policies for infrastructure (including readaptation to past cycles of infrastructure development); and (4) building on science-policy dialogues that link infrastructure and governance. An array of complementary adaptation tools will buttress climate resilience. Some emerging techniques include underground storage, distributed basin-wide enhancement of water retention, efficient water use (with limits on the expansion of new demands on saved water), and wastewater reclamation and reuse (with their own emerging storage and recovery techniques). Each of these techniques is directly linked to reservoirs in practical and operational terms. Conjunctive surface-water and groundwater storage must be further developed through infrastructure, institutional, and policy approaches including groundwater banking, trading and credit schemes, water swaps (substitutions and exchanges), and a robust approach to targeted water storage for climate resilience.
High‐Temperature Healing of Cracklike Flaws in Mg‐ and Ca‐Ion‐Implanted Sapphire

Controlled-geometry voids were introduced into Mg-implanted and Ca-implanted sapphire substrates using microfabrication techniques and ion beam etching, and were subsequently transferred to an internal interface by hot-pressing. The morphological evolution of cracklike and channel-like defects in response to anneals at 1700°C was studied. The healing behavior of defects in the Ca- and Mg-ion-implanted samples differs significantly. Mg additions appear to reduce the directional dependence of the healing characteristics and thus homogenize the evolution. Destabilization of the basal plane by Ca may contribute to the rapid healing of cracks oriented parallel to the basal plane. The healing characteristics of pore channels in Ca-implanted samples indicate a strong residual energetic barrier to healing stemming from surface energy anisotropy. Despite this, defects in Ca-implanted sapphire healed more rapidly than crystallographically and geometrically identical defects in Mg-implanted sapphire. Thus, the results suggest that Ca additions increase transport rates sufficiently to more than compensate for the relatively higher energetic barriers to pore channel breakup.
Generalized Cortical Dysplasia

The clinical and neuropathological findings in three children with diffuse cortical dysplasia are reported from the Departments of Pathology, Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Activity Maintains Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia and Is Required for Organ Regeneration in Pancreatitis

Background & Aims Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the exocrine pancreas has been extensively studied in the context of pancreatic cancer, where its potential as a therapeutic target is limited by acquired drug resistance. However, its role in pancreatitis is less understood. We investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-initiated MAPK signaling in pancreatitis to determine the potential for MEK inhibition in treating pancreatitis patients. Methods To examine the role of MEK signaling in pancreatitis, we used both genetic and pharmacologic approaches to inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway in a murine model of cerulein-induced pancreatitis. We generated mice harboring inducible short hairpins targeting the MEK isoforms Map2k1 and/or Map2k2 specifically in the pancreatic epithelium. We also used the MEK inhibitor trametinib to determine the efficacy of systemic inhibition in mice with pancreatitis. Results We demonstrated an essential role for MEK signaling in the initiation of pancreatitis. We showed that both systemic and parenchyma-specific MEK inhibition in established pancreatitis induces epithelial differentiation and stromal remodeling. However, systemic MEK inhibition also leads to a loss of the proliferative capacity of the pancreas, preventing the restoration of organ mass. Conclusions MEK activity is required for the initiation and maintenance of pancreatitis. MEK inhibition may be useful in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis to interrupt the vicious cycle of destruction and repair but at the expense of organ regeneration.
Survival of Biological Evidence on Artifacts: Applying Forensic Techniques at the Boston Saloon, Virginia City, Nevada

The Boston Saloon was an African American-owned business that operated during the 1860s and the 1870s in the mining boomtown of Virginia City, Nevada. Most materials recovered from this establishment are similar to artifacts from other Virginia City saloons due to the widespread availability of mass-produced items. This challenges any attempt at investigating relationships between gender and ethnicity from saloon artifacts. Cooperative efforts between forensic sciences and historical archaeological studies provide a solid foundation for developing unequivocal interpretations of these topics by extracting DNA from common, mass-produced artifacts. Specifically, these efforts resulted in the retrieval of a DNA profile from a clay tobacco pipe stem. Choosing the pipe stem and other likely candidates that could have served as material hosts for ancient DNA (in this case, at least 125 years in age) was a learning process, the results of which may require archaeologists to modify standard recovery methods so as to maximize information retrieval. This process led to other techniques, such as the use of a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS), to identify residues on artifacts.
COMETARY MOLECULES & LIFE'S ORIGIN

The present paper discusses the problem of the origin of life on Earth. It is based on previous experimental work concerning the prebiological synthesis of biochemical molecules, such as adenine from hydrogen cyanide (Oro, 1960) and the subsequent hypothesis developed by the author on the role that cometary matter may have had on the formation of biochemical molecules on the primitive Earth. It was suggested (Oro, 1961) that the capture of comets by the primitive Earth provided the molecular precursors necessary for the eventual appearance of life on our planet. A major paper by (2000) has been published recently that explains in detail the cometary origin of the biosphere, and provides support for our initial experimental and theoretical studies (Oro, 1960, 1961). The present paper is in agreement with (2000) major conclusions, and we believe that the work from both laboratories provides a reasonably complete physical and ch emical insight into the difficult problem of the origin of life on the primitive Earth.
The association between attention control, anxiety, and depression: the indirect effects of repetitive negative thinking and mood recovery

ABSTRACTBackground and objectives: Attention control deficits and repetitive negative thinking (RNT; i.e., rumination) may be key factors in the development and persistence of depression and anxiety, although their role in symptom development remains poorly understood. This represents a gap in the literature, as interventions targeting attention control and associated RNT may enhance interventions and prevent costly relapse. The current study was designed to examine the serial indirect effects of transdiagnostic RNT and negative affect recovery following a lab-induced stressor on the association between attention control deficits and trait anxiety and depression.Methods: Participants were N = 583 university students who completed validated measures of RNT, anxiety, depression, and mood ratings pre- and post-stressor. Stress was induced using a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test.Results: Results of cross-sectional indirect effects models indicated that RNT and mood recovery explained the asso...
Assessment or Surveillance? Panopticism and Higher Education

In this paper, we explore Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon and consider its possible contribution to understanding more fully the impact of current assessment protocols and practices within higher education. More pointedly, we ask the following question: Are the plethora of assessment practices within higher education actually designed to improve student academic experience, or are they instead mechanisms of surveillance intended to control, dominate and invoke paranoia among university workers? In response to this question, we argue that the prevailing preoccupation with assessment in U.S. universities is motivated less by a genuine desire to enhance the actual academic experience of students than it is to offer hegemonic interests a psychological instrument of control to eliminate potential dissent over neo-liberal and managerial class imposed policies. To illustrate our central claim, we first review some general details of Bentham’s panopticon. Secondly, we briefly discuss Foucault’s analysis of the panopticon and consider his accompanying postulate on the tendency of individuals to self-regulate their behavior according to externally imposed and monitored expectations. We also examine in greater depth the relationship between the panopticon and the Lacanian gaze, with a focus on considering the latter’s psychological impact. Finally, we contend that the prevailing obsession with assessment in universities is a mechanism of institutional control that hinders rather than enhances the academic quality of contemporary higher education by limiting the scope of academic dialogue, social imagination and democratic structural critique.
Formation and selective rupture of 1,4-anhydroseptanoses

Abstract Formation 1,4-anhydroseptanose sugars via intramolecular attack of a benzyl ether oxygen onto an anomeric electrophile is reported. The regioselectivity of the cyclization was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and an X-ray structure of a glucose-derived 1,4-anhydroseptanose. The transformation is relatively general and was applied to septanoses derived from glucose, mannose, xylose, and galactose. Regioselective opening of the 1,4-anhydro species to give septanose glycosides in preference to furanoses is also demonstrated.
Duration of indwelling drain following instrumented posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine does not predict surgical site infection requiring reoperation

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of reoperation for surgical site infections (SSI) among patients whose lumbar, closed wound suction drains were removed in the inpatient setting prior to hospital discharge (pre-discharge cohort) versus after inpatient discharge during the first follow up visit (post-discharge cohort). All patients who were admitted for first-time, posterolateral decompression and fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease were retrospectively reviewed at a single institution. In order to eliminate biases, neither the pre-discharge nor post-discharge cohorts experienced any intra-/postoperative sentinel events other than the primary outcome measure: reoperation for SSI. Of 209 patients in the pre-discharge (n=130) and post-discharge (n=79) cohorts, 15 patients required reoperation for SSI. Although time to drain discontinuation was significantly longer in the post-discharge (8.28days) than the pre-discharge (4.65days) cohorts (p<0.001), the incidences of reoperation for SSI did not significantly differ (6.33 vs 7.69%, respectively, p=0.711). In a multivariable regression, only smoking (OR=5.75, p=0.007) and depression (OR=4.11, p=0.040) predicted reoperation for SSI. Neither time to drain removal nor setting of drain removal was a predictor of reoperation for SSI. Although time to drain discontinuation was expectedly longer in the post-discharge versus pre-discharge cohorts, the incidences of reoperation for SSI did not significantly differ. Neither time to drain removal nor setting of drain removal predicted reoperation for SSI. These results suggest that patients may be safely discharged from the hospital with the surgical drain in place.
Introduction to Research on the Mechanics of Jointed Structures

The goal of joint research is the development of a predictive model for the interfacial dissipation and stiffness of a joint. The inherent challenge in this goal is rooted in the lack of understanding of how friction behaves at small scales. Models that are commonly accepted for representing frictional interactions, such as the Coulomb model, are not predictive and break down when applied to the microscale interactions within a jointed interface. This chapter highlights the historical development of the past roadmaps for research into the mechanics of jointed structures and presents a common terminology for this book. Lastly, this chapter presents the organization of this book and details the six different parts of the text.
Business Ethics for a Material World: An Ecological Approach to Object Stewardship

Increasingly, conscientious consumers and green marketers are recognizing that material things, not firms, must be made responsible. Even so, many scholars in ethics, sustainability, and governance focus on people and organizations, ignoring the flows of things. In this book, Ryan Burg argues that material things are fundamental features of moral life, serving as both valuable instruments and guides for responsibility. Unless care is taken for these non-living entities, living things cannot be protected. Viewing the global economy as a network of material transfers, Burg argues that to facilitate object care, professionals must act as stewards. By tracing the origins and disposal of workplace objects through this material network, businesses and employees can discover the outcomes for which they are responsible, and managers can align ethics, sustainability and governance with a truly global formulation of responsibility.
Symmetric 2-D-Memory Access to Multidimensional Data

In this paper, we propose a novel memory architecture with the capability of single-cycle row-wise/column-wise accesses. Such an architecture is highly suitable for workloads featuring spatial locality in multiple dimensions, which is a characteristic of many matrix and array operations. We describe in detail the circuit design techniques enabling the proposed architectures, as well as the viability of emerging memory technologies based on ferroelectric transistors (FEFETs) for our design. Compared to FEFET memory with standard 1-D access, we achieve 5% energy savings for the proposed memory featuring 2-D read and 93% energy savings for memory with 2-D read and write, for 32 bit column read and write. In addition, we get around 11% and 95% delay savings for 2-D read-enabled memory and 2-D read-write memory, respectively. The application analysis shows that 2-D read-enabled memory achieves around 86% average decrease in row-buffer transactions in $256\times 256$ size matrix operations without any array area increase. The 2-D read write memory offers 87% decrease in row-buffer transactions with 28.5% increase in array area compared to the 1-D FEFET memory.
Updates on Translational Research on Prevention of Polyps and Colorectal Cancer

Morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) can be effectively reduced through early detection and prevention. To date, strategies for managing CRC risk have focused primarily on secondary prevention, through screening asymptomatic individuals for colorectal neoplasia. In the United States, implementation of screening among individuals age ≥50 has led to not only decreased CRC-related mortality but also reduced CRC incidence through colonoscopic removal of precancerous polyps. In contrast to screening's endpoint of early detection, the goal of primary prevention of CRC is to arrest and/or reverse colorectal carcinogenesis. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials continue to examine effects of specific pharmacologic agents (chemoprevention) and dietary interventions on development of advanced colorectal neoplasia. This review will present an overview of strategies for primary and secondary prevention of CRC, including endoscopic, pharmacologic, and dietary interventions.
Some Non-Standard Problems of Inference in Stochastic Processes

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a nonrandom selection of problems in which stochastic processes occur at some stage of the inference problem and in which the usual approaches are not adequate. The problems arise naturally, and the standard procedures do not yield satisfactory solutions. One of the oldest of these problems is that of a frequency modulated process. Several stochastic process inference problems arise as limiting versions of problems arising by other means. For example, the likelihood function of any parametric problem can be considered a stochastic process. There are many problems where finite dimensionality does not occur. For example, the problem of estimating the location of a discontinuity in density is asymptotically the estimation of the point where a Poisson process changes its rate. The situation for the estimation of a nonregular endpoint for the range of a continuous random variable is similar.
Informational effects of assessment feedback

OF THE THESIS INFORMATIONAL EFFECTS OF ASSESSMENT FEEDBACK by Andrea Allen Florida International University, 2001 Miami, Florida Professor Leslie Frazier, Major Professor This study tested the effects of informational assessment feedback on satisfaction, selfesteem and examiner ratings. 83 participants completed a self-report personality inventory (Millon Index of Personality Styles). Participants of the experimental group were given standardized, informational assessment. Participants in the control group received only general information about the personality inventory. Significant group differences were found for the Feedback Assessment Questionnaire with t (81) = 11.67, p <.001, for the Assessment Questionnaire-2 (AQ-2), with F (4, 78)= 18.63, p < .001, for the Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale-Revised Version, with F (81, 1)= 9.97, p < .002 (self-liking factor) and F (81, 1) = 4.319, p = .041 (self-competence factor), and for the New York State Self-Esteem Scale with t (81) = 2.33, p = .023. The State Self-Esteem Scale and the Examiner Description Questionnaire yielded non-significant group differences. Results showed that the information given during the assessment feedback session positively impacts satisfaction and self-esteem. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. LITERATURE REVIEW 1 The Patient-Therapist Relationship 1 Feedback as a Therapeutic Tool 3 Other Benefits of Assessment Feedback 3 Evidence from Clinical Practice 4 Evidence from Marital and Couples Therapy 6 Evidence from Behavioral Research 7 Evidence from Personality Research 8 Evidence from Other Disciplines 10 Present Study 11 Operational Definition 12 II. M E T H O D 15 Participants 15 Measures 15 Design and Procedure 18 Feedback Session: Description and Rationale 20 III. RESULTS 23 Hypothesis 1 23 Hypothesis 2 25 Hypothesis 3 26 IV . D ISC U SSIO N 26 REFERENCES 41 APPENDICES 45
The influence of fluid flow on levelling performance

The influence of fluid flow on electrode-shape change that results from electrodeposition in the presence of a model, levelling agent is simulated and discussed. The treatment is more rigorous than past studies in that flow and concentration fields are recalculated as the electrode shape changes. It is shown that uncertainties due to approximate treatments of fluid flow may be as significant as existing discrepancies between experiment and theory. A numerical algorithm necessary to minimize errors associated with automatic grid generation is discussed.
Determination of system level alterations in host transcriptome due to Zika virus (ZIKV) Infection in retinal pigment epithelium

Previously, we reported that Zika virus (ZIKV) causes ocular complications such as chorioretinal atrophy, by infecting cells lining the blood-retinal barrier, including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To understand the molecular basis of ZIKV-induced retinal pathology, we performed a meta-analysis of transcriptome profiles of ZIKV-infected human primary RPE and other cell types infected with either ZIKV or other related flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and Dengue). This led to identification of a unique ZIKV infection signature comprising 43 genes (35 upregulated and 8 downregulated). The major biological processes perturbed include SH3/SH2 adaptor activity, lipid and ceramide metabolism, and embryonic organ development. Further, a comparative analysis of some differentially regulated genes (ABCG1, SH2B3, SIX4, and TNFSF13B) revealed that ZIKV induced their expression relatively more than dengue virus did in RPE. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of ABCG1, a membrane transporter of cholesterol, resulted in reduced ZIKV infectivity. Interestingly, the ZIKV infection signature revealed the downregulation of ALDH5A1 and CHML, genes implicated in neurological (cognitive impairment, expressive language deficit, and mild ataxia) and ophthalmic (choroideremia) disorders, respectively. Collectively, our study revealed that ZIKV induces differential gene expression in RPE cells, and the identified genes/pathways (e.g., ABCG1) could potentially contribute to ZIKV-associated ocular pathologies.
Accuracy of Suction Rectal Biopsy for Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease in Neonates.

Introduction Recent publications have questioned the sensitivity of suction rectal biopsy (SRB) for diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in newborns. A recent European survey reported that 39% of pediatric surgeons performed full-thickness transanal biopsies due to concerns about the accuracy of SRB. We sought to examine our contemporary SRB experience in infants. Materials and Methods A review was performed (2007–2016) of patients under 6 months of age who had a SRB at our children's hospital. The cohort was subdivided by postmenstrual age at time of SRB: preterm ( 44 weeks, C). The pathology reports from endorectal pull-through were used as gold standard confirmation. One-year follow-up of patients with negative SRB was used to confirm accurate diagnosis. Results A total of 153 patients met the criteria and a total of 159 SRBs ( Conclusion SRB results in adequate tissue for evaluation of HD in nearly all patients less than 6 months of age on the first attempt and is highly accurate in the preterm and newborn infants. No complications occurred, even among infants less than 2,500 g.
“A New Genus:” Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminization of Elocution

Mary Wollstonecraft is significant figure in the development of women9s literature yet her importance in the evolution of rhetoric has yet to be fully recognized. Relatively little recognition has been accorded her work The Female Reader. Yet that text is the first elocutionary text written by a women, specifically for women, and which includes numerous selections from writing by woman authors. As such, Wollstonecraft9s work initiated a place for women in the influential and enduring elocutionary movement. The Female Reader also inspired other authors, female and male, to continue the production of elocutionary manuals intended for women throughout the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Thus Wollstonecraft and her Female Reader were significant in establishing a tradition of women9s participation in rhetorical theory and pedagogy.
Teratological and Behavioral Screening of the National Toxicology Program 91-Compound Library in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

To screen the tens of thousands of chemicals for which no toxicity data currently exists, it is necessary to move from in vivo rodent models to alternative models, such as zebrafish. Here, we used dechorionated Tropical 5D wild-type zebrafish embryos to screen a 91-compound library provided by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for developmental toxicity. This library contained 86 unique chemicals that included negative controls, flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), drugs, industrial chemicals, and pesticides. Fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of each chemical or an equal amount of vehicle (0.5% DMSO) in embryo medium from 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Fish were examined daily for mortality and teratogenic effects and photomotor behavior was assessed at 4 and 5 dpf. Of the 5 negative control compounds in the library, none caused mortality/teratogenesis, but two altered behavior. Chemicals provided in duplicate produced similar outcomes. Overall, 13 compounds caused mortality/teratology but not behavioral abnormalities, 24 only affected behavior, and 18 altered both endpoints, with behavior affected at concentrations that did not cause mortality/teratology (55/86 hits). Of the compounds that affected behavior, 52% caused behavioral abnormalities at either 4 or 5 dpf. Compounds within the same functional group caused different behavioral abnormalities, while similar behavioral patterns were caused by compounds from different groups. Our data suggest that behavior is a sensitive endpoint for developmental toxicity screening that integrates multiple modes of toxic action and is influenced by the age of the larval fish at the time of testing.
Continuous-Time Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization via Reinforcement Learning.

We consider continuous-time Mean-variance (MV) portfolio optimization problem in the Reinforcement Learning (RL) setting. The problem falls into the entropy-regularized relaxed stochastic control framework recently introduced in Wang et al. (2019). We derive the feedback exploration policy as the Gaussian distribution, with time-decaying variance. Close connections between the entropy-regularized MV and the classical MV are also discussed, including the solvability equivalence and the convergence as exploration decays. Finally, we prove a policy improvement theorem (PIT) for the continuous-time MV problem under both entropy regularization and control relaxation. The PIT leads to an implementable RL algorithm for the continuous-time MV problem. Our algorithm outperforms an adaptive control based method that estimates the underlying parameters in real-time and a state-of-the-art RL method that uses deep neural networks for continuous control problems by a large margin in nearly all simulations.
50 years of research in the Journal of Economic Education

In the first issue of the Journal of Economic Education (JEE), Keith Lumsden (1969) noted that economists teach without evidence of the effectiveness of their teaching methods. New methods were dev...
Past and Future Hurricane Intensity Change along the U.S. East Coast

The ocean and atmosphere in the North Atlantic are coupled through a feedback mechanism that excites a dipole pattern in vertical wind shear (VWS), a metric that strongly controls Atlantic hurricanes. In particular, when tropical VWS is under the weakening phase and thus favorable for increased hurricane activity in the Main Development Region (MDR), a protective barrier of high VWS inhibits hurricane intensification along the U.S. East Coast. Here we show that this pattern is driven mostly by natural decadal variability, but that greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing erodes the pattern and degrades the natural barrier along the U.S. coast. Twenty-first century climate model projections show that the increased VWS along the U.S. East Coast during decadal periods of enhanced hurricane activity is substantially reduced by GHG forcing, which allows hurricanes approaching the U.S. coast to intensify more rapidly. The erosion of this natural intensification barrier is especially large following the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (rcp8.5) emission scenario.
Co-Designing an Intelligent Conversational History Tutor with Children

In a world that demands independent and cooperative problem solving to address complex social, economic, ethical, and personal concerns, core social studies content is as basic for success as reading, writing, math, and computing. Nationally, only 20% of 4th grade students are at or above Proficient level in U.S. History, the lowest among the core disciplines of social studies. Reaching proficiency requires students to ask more profound questions of the past as well as construct deeper understandings of it. This research explores the intersection of natural language dialogue and intelligent tutoring systems to enhance history learning of upper elementary students in 3rd and 4th grade. Elementary and middle school students were participants in a participatory design study to extract their design needs for the development of an educational learning technology for social studies.
Collaborative Action on Child Equity: Lessons from the Field.

The Collaborative Action on Child Equity (CACE) pursued child-focused program and policy research through the Morehouse School of Medicine’s Transdisciplinary Col­laborative Center (TCC). CACE engaged with partners representing 13 states in the United States to implement the Smart and Secure Children Parent Leadership Program (SSC) and to develop local child-focused Policy Ac­tion Plans. The objectives of SSC are to sup­port the development of parental agency and leadership in order to achieve positive health and academic readiness among school-aged children. Of the 13 partners, 9 were able to successfully implement SSC, with more than 350 parent-peer learners completing the pro­gram. Additionally, several partners were able to successfully develop Policy Action Plans. We discuss our efforts to bring SSC to scale in a national replication effort and to build policy development, implementation and evaluation capacity in organizations serving children and families. We highlight lessons learned in this replication effort and consider their implications for revisions to our training protocols, recruitment and implementation strategies, methods for providing technical assistance and evaluation models. SSC has demonstrated encouraging efficacy results, was developed using community-based participatory research methods and, as such, the lessons learned are critical for how we engage diverse communities to advance positive child development and academic success. Ethn Dis .2019;29(Suppl 2):365-370. doi:10.18865/ed.29.S2.365