cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical localization of IgA and secretory component in rat liver

Abstract IgA is transported from rat blood into bile. The localization of IgA and secretory component in rat liver was studied in order to facilitate understanding of this IgA transport. Both indirect immunofluorescence and unlabeled antibody enzyme histochemical techniques were used. Immunoglobulin A was found surrounding bile canaliculi, within bile duct epithelium, on or near the plasma membranes of hepatocytes, within the cytoplasm of a few intensely stained hepatocytes, within the cytoplasm of intensely reactive cells found in or adjacent to the sinusoids, and in sparsely distributed plasma cells. Reactivity for secretory component was present surrounding bile canaliculi, within bile duct epithelium, on or near the plasma membranes of hepatocytes and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that immunoglobulin A is transported from blood to bile through hepatocytes by a process involving secretory component. Bile duct epithelium may also have a role in immunoglobulin A transport.
High Gradient Magnetic Separation: An Industrial Application of Magnetism

A widespread commercial application of magnetism is the separation of mixed materials with different magnetic properties. Most magnetic separators use permanent magnets or electromagnets which remove ferromagnetic impurities such as bolts from non-magnetic products. Flour and cereal, among other common foodstuffs are subjected to cleaning by electromagnets. The grade of scrap iron is improved while loading it for transportation by lifting it magnetically which reduces the non-ferro-magnetic content.
Uncoded transmission in MAC channels achieves arbitrarily small error probability

We consider an uplink with a large number of uncoded non cooperating transmitters and joint processing at the multi-antenna receiver. We investigate the minimum number of receiver antennas that are needed for perfect recovery of the transmitted signals with asymptotically high probability. We find that in the limit of a large number of users, and in a rich scattering environment, the per user number of receive antennas can be arbitrarily small. Comparison with the ergodic capacity of the resulting channel in the limit of a large number of users suggests that even with uncoded transmissions we can achieve optimal per user number of receiver antennas.
Carpal instability non-dissociative

A retrospective study of 45 patients with symptoms of wrist pain and weakness with clinical evidence of instability is presented. These patients had normal intrinsic interosseous ligaments demonstrated arthrographically or surgically. They were followed for a minimum of 18 months and an average of 5.8 years. All patients demonstrated instability of the proximal carpal row which is referred to as carpal instability non-dissociative (CIND). Seven patients were treated non-operatively and 38 were treated operatively. Surgical management consisted of soft tissue reconstruction directed at the area of instability in 34 cases, joint levelling osteotomy in six, three of whom also had soft tissue reconstructions, and mid-carpal fusion in one. The overall good and excellent results were a disappointing 56% and there was no significant difference between the non-surgical and surgical groups. The best results were found in the ulna-minus CIND patients who underwent a joint levelling osteotomy, with 83% good and excellent results. CIND is associated with extrinsic ligamentous laxity; however, significant difficulty exists in locating the precise areas of maximum pathology. This accounts for the unpredictable results of treatment. As our understanding of the pathomechanics of CIND improves, the treatment will become more specific and the results should improve.
PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE-ORIENTED NETWORK OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM

The objective of the current network optimization system (NOS) model used by the Arizona Department of Transportation is to minimize the annual cost over the planning period. An NOS model with the objective of maximizing a network's pavement performance is presented. In this performance-oriented NOS, the annual budget is given as a constraint that is distributed evenly over the planning period. This NOS model aims to provide an approach simulating a possible scenario in a state department of transportation by effectively using a given budget in the planning period. At the same time the performance of the pavement network is also maximized. In relation to annual budget and pavement condition, two types of analysis are conducted: in the first analysis, only annual budget is applied as the constraint for this model; in the second, both annual budget and pavement performance requirements are introduced as the constraints. The necessary minimum annual budgets for various pavement performance requirements are compared; using the results, a rational annual budget for the needed pavement performance standards can be obtained, which may be used as decision support data for future budget allocation.
Isolation and elimination of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from mammalian cell cultures.

SummaryOne hundred sixty-six sublines representative of 68 culture lines of cells of human, rabbit, monkey, mouse, pig, cow and other species origin were tested repeatedly for contamination with pleuropneumonia-like organisms over a period of 18 months. Cells freshly dispersed with trypsin were inoculated into a medium containing pancreatic digest of beef heart enriched with yeast extract and human ascitic fluid. Of the tested sublines, 57% were contaminated with PPLO. Repeated tests with the heart digest medium on 89 sublines were consistently positive, while 5 sublines yielded variable results. PPLO strains isolated from 2 of the variable cell sublines grew sparsely and slowly, but growth of other PPLO strains was luxuriant in the test medium. Fifteen cell lines carrying PPLO of varying colonial morphology were treated for 3 weeks with 100 μg of kanamycin per ml of medium. Treated sublines yielded no PPLO during subsequent cultivation for nearly a year in the absence of kanamycin. A contaminated strain ...
Comparison of Porphyrin-Based, Growth Factor-Based, and Biochemical-Based Testing Methods for Identification of Haemophilus influenzae

The accurate identification of Haemophilus spp. is essential for optimizing the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis and management of Haemophilus infections. One laboratory-prepared medium and eight commercially available test systems were examined in parallel as a means of identifying 378 clinical isolates of Haemophilus spp. as either Haemophilusinfluenzae or non-Haemophilus influenzae spp. At least one discordant result was noted with 187 (49.5%) of the isolates tested. Discordant results were resolved either by majority rule for isolates with less than three discordant test results or by confirming the identity using conventional biochemical tests for isolates with three or more discordant test results (n=20). Among these 20 isolates, 2 were judged not to belong to the Haemophilus genus. Comparisons of three porphyrin-based methods, three growth factor-based methods (1 of which also incorporates a porphyrin testing component), and three biochemical-based methods revealed varying discrepancy rates within each testing method. In general, porphyrin-based methods, with overall discrepancy rates of 1.3% or less, outperformed other testing methods. One important exception was the performance of the porphyrin testing component of the Haemophilus Identification Test Kit (Remel, USA), which produced an overall discrepancy rate of 28.5% and a false-negative rate of 52.2% with non-Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Growth factor-based methods yielded overall discrepancy rates ranging from 1.6% (Haemophilus Identification Agar Quad; Remel) to 10.4% (hemin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disk component of the Haemophilus Identification Test Kit). Biochemical-based assays produced overall discrepancy rates ranging from 4.5% (API NH; bioMerieux Vitek, USA) to 10.1% (Neisseria Haemophilus Identification Card; bioMerieux Vitek). Collectively, these results suggest that porphyrin-based testing methods represent the most reliable means for identifying Haemophilus spp.
Biologic Assay of Blood Estrogens by the Intravaginal Application of Extracts and Desiccated Material1

SINCE FRANK AND HIS COWORKERS (1) in 1925 demonstrated the presence of estrogenic substances in the circulating blood of women, many iiv vestigators have studied this problem. In most instances the procedures employed have consisted of various methods of extracting the hormones from the blood and conducting the bio-assays on spayed rodents by the Allen-Doisy technic. Frank and Goldberger (2, 3, 4) used alcohol and ether for extraction, Neumann and Peter (5) ether, Freed (6) acetone and ether, and Miihlbock (7) benzene. In each of these methods a relatively large amount of blood (20 to 50 cc.) was required and only a limited number of test animals could be injected for each analysis. Fluhmann (8, 9, 10) sought to avoid this objection by using untreated blood serum for direct injection into spayed mice and noting sub-threshold histologic changes in the vaginal mucosa, but this method involved killing the animals at the conclusion of each test as well as the preparation of microscopic slides. The present rep...
Ingestion of a unilateral removable partial denture causing serious complications

A case of ingestion of a unilateral removable partial denture is presented. Routine endoscopic retrieval was unsuccessful, and the patient required surgical removal of the prosthesis. Subsequent hospitalization, complications, and recovery from an apparently simple accident are discussed.
Suppressive subtractive hybridization as a tool for identifying genetic diversity in an environmental metagenome: the rumen as a model.

Summary Molecular techniques previously used for genome comparisons of closely related bacterial species could prove extremely valuable for comparisons of complex microbial communities, or metagenomes. Our study aimed to determine the breadth and value of suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) in a pilot-scale analysis of metagenomic DNA from communities of microorganisms in the rumen. Suppressive subtractive hybridization was performed using total genomic DNA isolated from rumen fluid samples of two hay-fed steers, arbitrarily designated as tester or driver. Ninety-six subtraction DNA fragments from the tester metagenome were amplified, cloned and the DNA sequences were determined. Verification of the isolation of DNA fragments unique to the tester metagenome was accomplished through dot blot and Southern blot hybridizations. Tester-specific SSH fragments were found in 95 of 96 randomly selected clones. DNA sequences of subtraction fragments were analysed by computer assisted DNA and amino acid comparisons. Putative translations of 26 (32.1%) subtractive hybridization fragments exhibited significant similarity to Bacterial proteins, whereas 15 (18.5%) distinctive subtracted fragments had significant similarity to proteins from Archaea. The remainder of the subtractive hybridization fragments displayed no similarity to GenBank sequences. This metagenomic approach has exposed an unexpectedly large difference in Archaeal community structure between the rumen microbial populations of two steers fed identical diets and housed together. 16S rRNA dot blot hybridizations revealed similar proportions of Bacteria and Archaea in both rumen samples and suggest that the differences uncovered by SSH are the result of varying community structural composition. Our study demonstrates a novel approach to comparative analyses of environmental microbial communities through the use of SSH.
Studies on thyroid immunity. VIII. Biliary clearance of thyroxine in thyroglobulin immunized rats.

SummaryBiliary clearance of radiothy-roxine (131I-T4) and its whole body half-time (T1/2) were determined in rats with actively induced thyroglobulin immunity, as well as in albumin immunized and saline injected controls. Biliary clearance in thyroglobulin immunized rats (0.26 ml/hr) was decreased four-fold in comparison to controls (1.04-1.07 ml/hr), and thin layer chromatography of radioactivity secreted in the bile showed no differences between animals. The decrease in biliary clearance in thyroglobulin immunized rats was seen coexistent with markedly reduced disappearance of 131I-T4 tracer as determined by whole body half-time measurements (T1/2 in thyroglobulin immunized rats = 80.8 hr vs. T1/2 of 19 hr in controls). The percent of total thyroxine that was dialyzable in thyroglobulin immunized animals (0.016) was reduced ~three-fold in comparison to control rats (0.052). The primacy of effects of plasma binding of thyroid hormone relative to its biliary clearance was further shown in passive transfer...
Finding a practical method to increase engagement of residents on a dementia care unit.

Previous research has shown that it is possible to increase the engagement of residents with dementia in daily activities by making changes in institutional care practices. However, these changes often require expensive and cumbersome staff training programs that longterm care facilities may be unlikely to adopt and maintain. This study evaluates a simple, inexpensive recording and feedback procedure to increase resident engagement in a way that may be more amenable to adoption by long-term care facilities. Nursing assistants working in a locked dementia care unit were asked to complete a daily activity record on which they recorded the amount and quality of resident engagement. The facility's activity director was asked to read these activity records each day and give immediate, positive feedback to the nursing assistants. This procedure was evaluated by using a control series design. Results revealed baseline engagement observations with a mean of 11 percent, which increased to a mean of 44 percent duri...
Blood methylomics in response to arsenic exposure in a low-exposed US population

Exposure to arsenic (As) has been associated with a number of diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and neurological disorders. To explore the possible underlying epigenetic mechanisms, a nested case-control study was conducted within the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study by randomly selecting 46 non-smoker and non-diabetic White participants with low (N=23) and high (N=23) As exposure based on toenail total As measures at examination year 2. We conducted methylomic profiling of white blood cell (WBC) DNA collected at examination year 15 using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, and performed association tests using multiple linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, and estimated WBC proportions. We observed 22 CpG sites with methylation levels associated with high As exposure at a nominal significance level of 10(-4). However, the statistical significance disappeared after correction for multiple testing. Some genes annotated by these 22 CpG sites are known to be involved in As-associated diseases. Replication in larger samples of individuals with low levels of As exposure will be required.
A renewal reward approximation for the variance of electric power production costs

The cost of producing electric power over a specified study horizon is a random quantity influenced by random failures and repair times for the generating units and variations in demand over time. Previous approaches for determining the variance of the production cost have required implicit or explicit enumeration of a large set of availability or capacity states for the generation system. In this paper, a simplifying assumption makes possible a renewal reward model for the production cost. Formulas are provided to estimate the asymptotic variance for intermediate to long study horizons and their results are illustrated with a numerical example.
The effect of thromboxane inhibition on vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation in the acute and chronic feline infarction models.

Abstract Inhibition of the enzyme that synthesizes thromboxanes may protect against the development of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during acute myocardial ischemia. This study was carried out to test this hypothesis with a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, and to extend the studies to alternative animal models of myocardial infarction. In a series of acute experiments, 19 cats were pretreated with 10 mg/kg of U-63557A (a dose that produced >75% reduction in thromboxane B 2 [TxB 2 ] levels) or saline before abrupt left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Seven of the nine control animals suffered spontaneous VF associated with a 77% fall in VF threshold compared with the treated animals, of which 2 of 10 had spontaneous VF and in which VF threshold fell by only 45% ( p 2 inhibition in another set of nine animals, U-63557A failed to protect against a fall in VF threshold during coronary reperfusion. Finally, chronic changes in VF threshold and inducibility of sustained ventricular tachycardia by programmed stimulation were assessed in a group of eight animals. The lowering of VF threshold and inducibility of ventricular tachycardia seen in the control state were not influenced by treatment with U-63557A. Thus protection against infarct-related VF by TxB 2 inhibition is a property shared by more than one pharmacologic agent. Arrhythmias generated by reperfusion or induced in a more chronic setting may not be thromboxane-dependent. These results have important implications for the planning of studies designed to assess the antiarrhythmic potential of drugs that inhibit thromboxane synthesis.
Geochemical constraints on the late-stage evolution of basaltic magma as revealed by composite dikes within the Kangâmiut dike swarm, West Greenland

Abstract The Kangâmiut dike swarm in West Greenland contains numerous composite dikes with mafic margins and andesitic centers. Internal chilled margins show that the andesitic centers intruded into the middle of the mafic dikes. Major element systematics indicate that the fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides drove the evolution of the Kangâmiut parental magma during its transition from mafic to andesitic compositions. Incompatible trace elements show a marked relative decrease in middle and heavy rare-earth elements (REE) between the mafic margins and the andesitic centers. The decrease in the REE is not explicable by olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide fractionation or by the fractionation of the accessory phases apatite, zircon or garnet. Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopes from margin and center pairs from these composite dikes are nearly identical indicating that crustal contamination had little to no affect on their evolution. Trace element modeling utilizing the mixing of evolved Kangâmiut magmas and low degree melts derived from partial melting of garnet lherzolite produce excellent fits with the trace element patterns for the andesitic centers. These models suggest that the late-stage evolution of the Kangâmiut dikes included input of mantle melts produced during the end stages of rifting.
Modulation of glucocorticoid inhibitory action on human lymphocyte mitogenesis: Dependence on mitogen concentration and T-cell maturity☆

Abstract The inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on the mitogenesis of human T cells derived from thymus and peripheral blood compartments have been investigated. The capacity of dexamethasone (Dex) (10 −7 M ) of inhibiting the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) mitogenesis was inversely correlated with the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) concentration used. Conversely, Dex completely (>90%) inhibited the thymocyte mitogenesis, irrespective of PHA concentrations. T cells purified from PBL (Mo ⩽1%) behaved as thymocytes regarding the Dex inhibitory pattern. The addition of macrophages (Mo) or interleukin 1 (IL1) was effective in removing the Dex inhibitory effect on T cells purified from PBL, but not on thymocytes. The higher corticosensitivity of thymocyte mitogenesis in comparison to PBL mitogenesis cannot be explained by differences in the relative number of Mo, but seems an intrinsic property of these less mature T cells.
Reduced-intensity transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome achieves durable remission with less graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract Reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantations for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients have been limited by significant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), treatment-related mortality, and disease relapse. We treated 18 MDS patients ineligible for standard allogeneic transplantation with a preparative regimen of photopheresis day −7 and −6, pentostatin 4 mg/m2 by continuous infusion day −5 and −4, and total body irradiation 600 cGy in 3 fractions day −3 and −2, followed by allogeneic stem cell infusion from 6/6 or 5/6 HLA-matched related donors or 6/6 HLA-matched unrelated donors. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporin A and a short course of methotrexate. The median age was 54 years (range, 30–70 years). Diagnoses included refractory anemia (n = 2), refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (n = 2), refractory anemia with excess blasts (n = 10), refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (n = 3), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 1). Sixteen of 18 patients developed full donor chimerism with no day +100 transplant-related mortality. Grade II to IV acute GVHD and extensive chronic GVHD developed in 19% and 18% of patients, respectively. Disease relapse occurred in 2 patients. At a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 1–35 months), the 1-year failure-free and overall survival were 64% and 65%, respectively. Our photopheresis and pentostatin-based reduced-intensity preparative regimen for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in high-risk MDS patients achieves successful donor engraftment and disease remission with less transplant toxicity and grade II to IV acute GVHD.
Ongoing Struggles: Mayas and Immigrants in Tourist Era Tulum

In Quintana Roo, Mexico, an area once controlled by Maya descendants of the mid�19th-century Caste Wars of the Yucatan, the global tourist economy has led to radical changes. This study analyzes relations between local Mayas and Yucatec and Mexican immigrants in Tulum Pueblo, located south of Cancun and just outside a popular archeological site. Struggles between Mayas and immigrants have centered on cultural, marital and religious practices and physical control of the town's central church and plaza, eventually resulting in the establishment of dual, competing town centers. Questions of cultural politics and the control of space continue to be central to contemporary political movements around the world. This research shows that the fashioning, of cultural places and practices is inherently tied to materially based differences in power and inequality differences are minimized when few disparities in power exist, but conflicts over places and identities are maximized when power differentials increase
Experimental discrimination of coherent and incoherent behavior in heavy-fermion materials

The onset of heavy-fermion coherent-ground-state behavior is studied in Ce${\mathrm{Cu}}_{6}$ by Hall-effect and magnetoresistance measurements. Ce${\mathrm{Cu}}_{6}$ is an ideal system for this study since the fermions are extremely heavy and the system does not become either magnetic or superconducting. The strong temperature dependence of the Hall effect sets the scale for the high-temperature, single-Kondo-impurity, incoherent regime, a broad transition region, and the very-low-temperature coherent regime. In contrast to the resistivity, which shows a gradual transition to the coherent state, the Hall effect shows a rather sharp feature at the onset of coherence.
Survey Research in Educational Administration

An examination of the research literature in educational administration reveals a pervasive use of survey methods. Given the widespread use, this study addressed the following questions: What level of methodological rigor is evidenced by these studies? and Did the rigor increase during the 1970s? To answer the questions, data were taken from random samples of survey studies published in theJournal of Educational Administrationand theEducational Administration Quarterlyduring the eight years of 1972 through 1979. Each article was evaluated against six criteria for sampling and instrumentation procedures. Qualitative differences between the journals and systematic trends were not evident.
Mineral parageneses in metamorphic rocks exposed along Tailuko Gorge, Central Mountain Range, Taiwan*

Field, petrographic and microprobe investigations of metaclastic rocks, calcareous schists, marbles, chloritic calcareous meta-volcanic units and schists/paragneisses which crop out along the eastern portion of the Central East-West Cross Island Highway in Taiwan demonstrate that metamorphic intensity gradually increases eastward. The lower greenschist facies Slate Formation on the W contains completely recrystallized, pure albitic plagioclase, but at least some of the white micas (± chlorites) probably represent relict detrital flakes. Neo-blastic biotite and epidote occur sporadically in the Pihou(?) Formation, and increase dramatically eastward; concomitantly the abundance of carbonaceous matter decreases to zero in the eastern Tailuko zone, and the amount of chlorite + white mica diminishes somewhat. Epidote becomes more aluminous at higher metamorphic grade. Eastward, phengites change progressively to more muscovitic compositions as the proportion of biotite increases. A close approach to chemical equilibrium for the pre-Cenozoic, complexly deformed metamorphic basement assemblages is suggested by regular, systematic, major and minor element partitioning between analysed coexisting phases. Fractionation is less pronounced on the E, reflecting higher temperatures. Estimated physical conditions of recrystallization with αH2O and αCO2 moderate, are: T > 325 ± 75°C, P > 3 kbar (W); T > 425 ± 75°C, P > 4kbar(E). The gradual eastward increase in metamorphic intensity from the Slate Formation through the Pihou(?) Formation and the three Tailuko zones, as well as the relict precursor textures in the pre-Cenozoic layered basement rocks indicate that the observed paragenetic sequence could represent a synchronous Neogene recrystallization event, probably accompanying the Plio-Pleistocene collision of the Asiatic continental margin and the Luzon (Coastal Range) andesitic arc.
Studies of the slow bidirectional transport of iron and transferrin across the blood-brain barrier.

Abstract Although iron is involved in brain function, very little is known about the regulation of its concentrations in the central nervous system. We quantitatively measured the entry and exit rates of iron, transferrin (its major transport protein) and albumin in mice. The blood to brain transport of iron > transferrin > albumin and the brain to blood transport of transferrin > albumin > iron. The results suggest that iron and transferrin have slow, bidirectional, probably saturable and to some degree independent transport systems, although iron introduced directly into the brain is not readily available for brain to blood transport.
KIVA-A Comprehensive Model for 2-D and 3-D Engine Simulations

This paper summarizes a comprehensive numerical model that represents the spray dynamics, fluid flow, species transport, mixing, chemical reactions, and accompanying heat release that occur inside the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The model is embodied in the KIVA computer code. The code calculates both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) situations. It is an outgrowth of the earlier 2D CONCHAS-SPRAY computer program. Sample numerical calculations are presented to indicate the level of detail that is available from these simulations. These calculations are for a direct injection stratified charge engine with swirl. Both a 2D and a 3D example are shown.
Does Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Older Ambulatory Women Reduce Subsequent Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in older ambulatory women affects the subsequent development of symptoms of urinary tract infection. DESIGN: A controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Older women not having urinary catheters. MEASUREMENTS: Urine cultures every 6 months (the same organism at 105 colony-forming units or more per mL on two midstream urine specimens defined asymptomatic bacteriuria) and questionnaire surveys for the new development of symptoms of urinary tract infection (dysuria, frequency, urgency, low back pain with fever) 1, 3, and 6 months after the initial survey. RESULTS: Of the 23 initally culture-positive participants receiving antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria, nine were culture positive at 6 months, which contrasts with 18 of 27 who received no treatment or placebo, P = .05. However, symptoms of urinary tract infection were more common in the antibiotic-treated group. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic therapy effectively reduced the subsequent occurrence of positive urine cultures, but symptoms were not reduced. Based on this study of morbidity, previous studies failing to show any relation to mortality, and the cost and complications of antibiotic therapy in the older population, treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in older women is contraindicated. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:293–295, 1996.
THe formation of cytochrome P-450-metabolic intermediate complexes from amines, in the isolated perfused rat liver.

1. Cytochrome P-450-metabolic intermediate (MI) complexes were formed from SKF 525-A, propoxyphene, acetylmethadol, noracetylmethadol, norbenzphetamine, and N-hydroxyamphetamine, but not methadone, in the isolated perfused rat liver.2. The amount of MI complex from SKF 525-A (8% of the cytochrome P-450) after 1 h exceeded that for all other compounds (1-2%).3. Both MI complex and residual substrate contributed to the inhibition of mixed-function oxidase activity observed. No substrate altered the total cytochrome P-450 concentration or NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity.4. The formation of MI complexes in isolated perfused liver corresponds to that seen m whole animals, and contrasts with that seen in microsomal preparations.
Sexual dysfunction: overview of prevalence, etiological factors, and treatments.

Sexual dysfunctions and sexual problems are reviewed from the perspective of prevalence, broad etiological factors, and available treatments. Although a large percentage of individuals experience s...
Antidromic Action Potentials Fail to Demonstrate Known Interactions between Neurons

An identified motor neuron in the stomatogastric ganglion of Panulirus interruptus inhibits four other motor neurons when it fires spontaneously or in response to depolarization of its soma. It does not inhibit these neurons when it is fired antidromically, although the attenuated antidromic spike is visible at its soma. These findings point out the difficulty of interpreting negative results from antidromic stimulation experiments and the importance of neuronal structure to the integrative activities of nervous systems.
Geometry and Structural Properties for the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) from Model Tuning: August 25, 2003--November 30, 2003

The Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART) is a modified Westinghouse WWG-0600 machine rated at 600 kW. It is located at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in Boulder, Colorado, and has been installed to test new control schemes for power and load regulation. In its original configuration, the WWG-0600 uses a synchronous generator, fluid coupling, and hydraulic collective pitch actuation. However, the CART is fitted with an induction generator, rigid coupling, and individual electromechanical pitch actuators. The rotor runs upwind of the tower and consists of two blades and a teetering hub. In order to design advanced control schemes for the CART, representative computational models are essential.
The Philippines and the Bell Report

Of all the countries of Southeast Asia the Philippines would seem to have had the best opportunity to develop into an independent and prosperous nation—in fact, before the war they were well on their way to that goal. Yet only a few months ago the Bell Mission returned from a two months' economic survey of the Philippines with the conclusion "that the Quirino Government was in such a critical condition that only the most far-reaching program of reform and self-help, supported by technical and economic assistance from this country, could save the Philippines from total collapse." So serious was the situation reported to be that even the large sum proposed—$250,000,000 in loans and gifts over a five-year period—would merely provide a favorable environment for the solution of the problems facing them.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A CHEMICALLY CONJUGATED β‐GALACTOSIDASE BIOREACTOR

A chemically prepared conjugate of avidin and E. coli β-galactosidase was adsorbed to biotinylated controlled-pore glass beads and used in a fluidized-bed bioreactor to assess the feasibility of bioselective adsorption immobilization technology. Biotinylated 200 nm pore diameter porous glass beads were prepared by reaction of 3-aminopropyl-glass beads with sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido) hexanoate. Avidin and biotinylated β-galactosidase were sequentially adsorbed to the matrix. The fluidized-bed bioreactor was characterized with respect to β-galactosidase activity using both a lactose solution and o-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) as substrates. A lactose solution (4.5%, pH 7) was assayed for lactose hydrolysis at various flow rates. The bioreactor was operated for three months at 65–75% lactose hydrolysis with no loss in enzyme activity. The biocatalyst was characterized by amino acid analysis to determine the amount of each of the two proteins adsorbed. Results indicated 162 μ protein/mg beads of which 36% was avidin and 64% was β-galactosidase corresponding to 1 mole of avidin per mole of β-galactosidase monomer. Biocatalyst activity using ONPG as the substrate was 430 μmoles/min/mg protein, yielding a specific activity of 672 μmoles/min/mg β-galactosidase. These results lead to the conclusion that biospecific adsorption of the β-galactosidase conjugate onto biotinylated glass beads via avidin results in a biocatalyst that is stable and retains a high specific activity.
State-of-the-art approach to hazardous waste site characterizations

A state-of-the-art characterization of a hazardous waste site provides significant benefits over a conventional program because it defines the hydrogeologic framework that governs contaminant transport, rather than merely confirming the existence of contamination State-of-the-art programs are commonly believed to be substantially more expensive than conventional programs. Such is not the case, however, for properly planned investigations Indeed, a state-of-the-art program can be substantially cheaper than a conventional one in some circumstances Costs remain comparable even under conditions unfavorable to the comparison These conclusions are illustrated by examples of field activities conducted at a variety of study sites.
Some observations on the phosphonic acid cation-exchange resin

Apparent dissociation constants for the phosphonic acid cation-exchange resin have been calculated (pK1=2.6±0.4 and pK2=7.4±0.4). The resin has been investigated in the hydrogen and sodium form for exchange behaviour with Ca2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Mg2+ and Ni2+. The order of preference in the hydrogen form of resin has been found to be Mg2+>Co2+ ≈ Ni2+> Ca2+>Cu2+. Fe3+ shows a great affinity for the resin and is retained by it even in presence of 4–6 N HCL Na+ has been found to show greater affinity than K+.
Faculty evaluation: an unresolved dilemma?

While evaluation of the workforce in any setting is not a straightforward and easy proposition, it is even more difficult with regard to university faculty because of a number of intangibles and hard‐to‐quantify factors. The call for such accountability has been heard even more loudly in recent years as journalists have instigated and politicians have joined the bandwagon in demanding more or better accountability for professors. Elaborates on the recent experience at Clemson University.
An X-ray investigation of the structure of a bacterial ferredoxin

Abstract Ferredoxin is a nonhems iron-containing protein isolated from Clostridium pasteurianum by Mortensen, Valentine and Carnahan (1962) . It has also been found associated with other bacteria ( Whiteley and Woolfolk, 1962 ; Buchanan, Lovenberg and Rabinowitz, 1963 ; Valentine, Mortensen and Carnahan, 1963 ). While there appear to be differences among some of the ferredoxins occurring in different bacteria, they are characterized by molecular weights ∼ 6,000 and the presence of 5–7 Fe atoms and an equivalent number of S atoms per molecule of the protein. This communication reports the preliminary X-ray work on the structure of ferredoxin isolated from Micrococcus aerogenes .
The Polls: America's Most Important Problems Part I: National and International

ONE OF George Gallup's greatest achievements, as Burns Roper noted recently, was building time series by replicating questions. Among the hundreds of trends that Gallup collected, the most important problem series is unique. Gallup started asking about the most important problem facing the American people in September 1935. The trend line is now approaching the half-century mark and is as old as national polling itself. The most important problem item has appeared in at least 178 Gallup surveys since 1935, making it the second most frequently asked attitude after presidential popularity. This density allows not only the study of long-term trends in public opinion, but also the assessment of short-term reactions to specific events. Perhaps no other single item gives us as deep an understanding of American history over the last five decades. The most important problem question provides a grand overview of social change, describes history from the perspective of the participants, and helps to define distinct historical periods and identify turning points. The standard Gallup usage asks, "What do you think is the most important problem facing this country today?" (See below, Question Wording: Most Important Problem, for the variations.)' The frame of reference is the country as a whole and elicits mentions of national and international problems rather than of local or personal problems. The question calls for a relative ranking of problems, not an absolute measure of the level of concern about problems in general or a particular problem. The question does not indicate whether the absolute level of concern has changed over time, but measures how the priority of problems has altered. In addition to the national most important problem question Gallup has
Cross-cultural effect on the brain revisited: Universal structures plus writing system variation

Recognizing printed words requires the mapping of graphic forms, which vary with writing systems, to linguistic forms, which vary with languages. Using a newly developed meta-analytic approach, aggregated Gaussian-estimated sources (AGES; Chein et al. [2002]: Psychol Behav 77:635-639), we examined the neuroimaging results for word reading within and across writing systems and languages. To find commonalities, we compiled 25 studies in English and other Western European languages that use an alphabetic writing system, 9 studies of native Chinese reading, 5 studies of Japanese Kana (syllabic) reading, and 4 studies of Kanji (morpho-syllabic) reading. Using the AGES approach, we created meta-images within each writing system, isolated reliable foci of activation, and compared findings across writing systems and languages. The results suggest that these writing systems utilize a common network of regions in word processing. Writing systems engage largely the same systems in terms of gross cortical regions, but localization within those regions suggests differences across writing systems. In particular, the region known as the visual word form area (VWFA) shows strikingly consistent localization across tasks and across writing systems. This region in the left mid-fusiform gyrus is critical to word recognition across writing systems and languages.
Esterases in Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae). Characterization of enzymes among parthenogenic strains

Abstract 1. Esterase enzymes from four strains of Folsomia Candida were investigated using poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Up to 12 bands of enzymatic activity were present in each strain. 2. Esterase bands were classified as choline esterases or as one of two groups ofcarboxyl esterases, based on mobility, on substrate specificity and on activity remaining after inhibition by class-specific chemicals. 3. One strain-specific choline esterase was discovered which resisted the effects of many organophosphate inhibitors. Organophosphate inhibitor concentrations had to be 10 to 100 times greater to reduce the staining activity of this resistant choline esterase to the level of comparable esterases in other strains.
Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of crystalline tungsten oxide nanoparticles at high density

Abstract Tungsten oxide nanostructured rods, particles and occasionally tubes are deposited by heating a tungsten filament in a partial oxygen atmosphere. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the nanorods have ∼10–50 nm diameters and ∼50–200 nm lengths. The nanoparticle size ranges from ∼10 to 200 nm. The nanostructures are generally crystalline and predominantly consist of the WO 3 monoclinic (I) γ-phase with some monoclinic (II) e-phase and/or tungsten metal present. Under optimal synthesis conditions, only crystalline nanostructures with a largest dimension of ∼200 nm are observed with TEM analyses. Further characterization conclusively shows that these ‘optimal’ nanostructures are comprised of only the WO 3 monoclinic (I) γ-phase.
Same-evening discharge after carotid endarterectomy: our initial experience.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to review the initial implementation of a same-evening discharge algorithm for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Method We conducted a retrospective review of a prospective database of patients undergoing CEA over 3 years. Results From January 2000 to December 2002, 207 patients underwent CEA, of which 186 qualified for same-evening discharge. Fifty-nine patients (32%) who qualified were discharged to home the same evening; none had an adverse event after discharge. The most common reason for patients not to be discharged the same evening was exiting the operating room too late (n = 63, 34%). Thirteen patients chose to stay overnight, and 11 patients did not go home secondary to physician choice. None of these patients experienced any adverse sequelae during the overnight stay. Conclusion Same-evening discharge after CEA is safe and feasible in selected patients. Currently, nearly one third of our patients are discharged within 8 hours of CEA. With appropriate scheduling, patient education, and increasing physician awareness, most patients can be discharged to home the same evening after CEA.
Heat transfer from a horizontal tube to a fluidized bed in the presence of unheated tubes

An experimental study of heat transfer from a horizontal tube to a fluidized bed was carried out in the presence of nearby unheated tubes. The effect of the number of tubes, their size, configuration, and the type of fluidized materials was studied. Certain configurations caused as much as a 56% reduction in heat transfer over the most favorable case. The top of the tube was covered by stagnant solids, the bottom partially by a gas film, and the sides by a small region of vigorously agitated solids. Most of the heat transfer occurred in the side region. An overall heat transfer coefficient of 35 Btu/hr-ft2-°F. was found at the best conditions. On a fait une etude experimentale de la transmission de la chaleur d'un tube horizontal a un lit fluidise, en presence de tubes non chauffes dans le voisinage. On a etudie l'influence du nombre, des dimensions et de la configuration des tubes ainsi que du genre de produit fluidise. Certaines configurations ont produit une diminution de la transmission de la chaleur allant jusqu'a 55% eu comparaison avec le cas optimal. La partie superieure du tube etait converte de matieres solides stagnantes, tandis que sa partie superieure etait enduite d'une pellicule gazeuse et que ses co'tes etaient recouverts, sur une faible surface, de matieres solides soumises a une forte agitation. La majeure partie du transfert de la chaleur s'est faite sur les co'tes du tube. On a trouve, dans les conditions optimales, un coefficient de transmission globale de la chaleur de 35 Btu/heure/pied carre-°F.
Evaluation of floating and sticking extended release delivery systems: an unconventional dissolution test.

The extent to which hydrophilic matrix tablets with a propensity to stick to the dissolution apparatus and/or float are susceptible to variations in hydrodynamic conditions during dissolution testing was investigated. Furthermore the usefulness of simple alternatives to the current compendial tests is examined. Swellable hydrocolloid (guar) matrix tablets containing verapamil HCl were evaluated using USP dissolution apparatus I and II. Two additional configurations where an additional single ring and mesh device or a double mesh device was located below the paddle in the dissolution vessel were also evaluated. Tablets were placed on top of the single mesh device or in the compartment formed by the two mesh surfaces of the double mesh device. In all cases near linear (n>/=0.82) release profiles were observed. When using apparatus I it was observed that the highly swellable tablets were fully constricted by the basket within 5-7 h. This prevented further independent movement and unimpeded swelling and coincided with a departure from linear release and increased variability (S.D.</=9.5%). Under standard apparatus II conditions two out of three tablets adhered to the bottom of the dissolution vessel for the duration of the experiment. Consequently their release profiles differed markedly from those obtained under apparatus I conditions (similarity factor, f(2)=30.5) with the release rate being approximately half of that obtained under apparatus I conditions. Adhesion to the dissolution vessel was also observed when paddle speed was doubled to 100 rpm, thus again resulting in large variability (S.D.</=34%). Whilst the averaged single and double mesh configuration profiles were similar to the apparatus I profile (f(2)=57.36 and 61.38, respectively), large variability (S.D.</=11%) occurred with the single mesh configuration due to floating and random adhesion of tablets to the paddle or sampling tubes. Almost superimposable profiles were obtained for the individual tablets (S.D.<3%) when the tablets were located in the compartment formed by the double mesh device. Use of a double mesh device may therefore provide an alternative to current compendial dissolution methods when the reliable determination of the true release kinetics of floating and sticking delivery systems is desired.