cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Size mismatch in liver transplantation

Size mismatch is an unique and inevitable but critical issue in live donor liver transplantation. Unmatched metabolic demand of recipient as well as physiologic mismatch aggravates the damage to liver graft, inevitably leading to graft failure on recipient. Also, an excessive resection of liver graft for better recipient outcome in live donor liver transplant may jeopardize the healthy donor well-being and even put donor life in danger. There is a fine balance between resected graft volume required to meet the recipient's metabolic demand and residual graft volume required for donor safety. The obvious clinical necessity of finding that balance has prompted a clinical need and promoted the improvement of knowledge and development of management strategies for size-mismatched transplants. The development of the size-matching methodology has significantly improved graft outcome and recipient survival in live donor liver transplants. On the other hand, the effect of size mismatch in cadaveric transplants has never been observed as being so pronounced. The importance of matching of the donor recipient size has been unrecognized in cadaveric liver transplant. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current most updated knowledge on the subject, particularly addressing the definition and complications of size-mismatched cadaveric liver transplant, as well as management strategies.
The human laryngeal microbiome: effects of cigarette smoke and reflux

Prolonged diffuse laryngeal inflammation from smoking and/or reflux is commonly diagnosed as chronic laryngitis and treated empirically with expensive drugs that have not proven effective. Shifts in microbiota have been associated with many inflammatory diseases, though little is known about how resident microbes may contribute to chronic laryngitis. We sought to characterize the core microbiota of disease-free human laryngeal tissue and to investigate shifts in microbial community membership associated with exposure to cigarette smoke and reflux. Using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we compared bacterial communities of laryngeal tissue biopsies collected from 97 non-treatment-seeking volunteers based on reflux and smoking status. The core community was characterized by a highly abundant OTU within the family Comamonadaceae found in all laryngeal tissues. Smokers demonstrated less microbial diversity than nonsmokers, with differences in relative abundances of OTUs classified as Streptococcus, unclassified Comamonadaceae, Cloacibacterium, and Helicobacter. Reflux status did not affect microbial diversity nor community structure nor composition. Comparison of healthy laryngeal microbial communities to benign vocal fold disease samples revealed greater abundance of Streptococcus in benign vocal fold disease suggesting that mucosal dominance by Streptococcus may be a factor in disease etiology.
Observed El Niño SSTA Development and the Effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind Events in 2014/15

AbstractThe unexpected halt of warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) growth in 2014 and development of a major El Nino in 2015 has drawn attention to our ability to understand and predict El Nino development. Wind stress–forced ocean model studies have satisfactorily reproduced observed equatorial Pacific SSTAs during periods when data return from the TAO/TRITON buoy network was high. Unfortunately, TAO/TRITON data return in 2014 was poor. To study 2014 SSTA development, the observed wind gaps must be filled. The hypothesis that subseasonal wind events provided the dominant driver of observed waveguide SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 is used along with the available buoy winds to construct an oceanic waveguide-wide surface stress field of westerly wind events (WWEs) and easterly wind surges (EWSs). It is found that the observed Nino-3.4 SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 can thereby be reproduced satisfactorily. Previous 2014 studies used other wind fields and reached differing conclusions about th...
Integrin-Independent Role of CalDAG-GEFI in Neutrophil Chemotaxis.

Abstract Neutrophil chemotaxis and transmigration towards a source of inflammation are two crucial processes for host defense against infection that rely on integrin function. Recently, integrin-independent migration of dendritic cells to the lymph node has been brought to light, although neutrophil migration in the presence of EDTA was reported many years ago. Ca2+ and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI), is a small signaling protein that plays a key role in the activation of beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 integrins in platelets and neutrophils by activating the small GTPase Rap1. We explored the role of CalDAG-GEFI in integrin-independent chemotaxis in neutrophils. Here we report that CalDAG-GEFI−/− neutrophils have impaired chemotaxis that is independent of integrin function. In a chemotaxis transwell assay towards LTB4 and in the presence of 10mM EDTA, CalDAG-GEFI−/− neutrophils had a 50% reduction in transmigration over 60 minutes compared to wild-type (WT) neutrophils (p
Erratum to “Identification and characterization of Rhodopseudomonas spp., a purple, non-sulfur bacterium from microbial mats”: [Biomolec. Eng. 18 (2001) 49–56]

Erratum to ‘‘Identification and characterization of Rhodopseudomonas spp., a purple, non-sulfur bacterium from microbial mats’’ [Biomolec. Eng. 18 (2001) 49–56] Sharifeh Mehrabi *, Udoudo M. Ekanemesang , Felix O. Aikhionbare , K. Sean Kimbro , Judith Bender a a Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta Uni ersity, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA b Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
A multilevel decoupling method for the Navier–Stokes/Darcy model

Abstract This paper considers a multilevel decoupling method for the coupled Navier–Stokes/Darcy model describing a free flowing fluid over a porous medium. The method utilizes a sequence of meshes on which a low dimensional fully coupled nonlinear problem is solved only on a very coarse initial mesh. On subsequent finer meshes, the approximate solution in each flow region is obtained by solving a linear decoupled problem and performing a correction step. The correction step in each domain is achieved by solving a linear system that differs from the original decoupled system only in the right hand side. We prove optimal error estimates and demonstrate that for a sequence of meshes with spacing h j = h j − 1 2 , the decoupling method is computationally efficient and achieves the same order of approximation as the fully coupled method.
Technologischer und struktureller Wandel in der Produktion — Mensch und Technik im Spannungsfeld von Automation und Selbstorganisation

Der technologische Wandel, die Internationalisierung der Markte und der vermehrte Zustrom von Produkten aus Fernost haben neue Wettbewerbsbedingungen geschaffen. Deshalb mussen wir heute mehr denn je alles daran setzen, Produkte von hochster Qualitat zu wettbewerbsfahigen Kosten zu erzeugen. Wahrend wir bis weit in die 70er Jahre hinein ohne harten Wettbewerb neue Produkte entwickeln und der Serienproduktion zufuhren konnten, hat sich unser Geschaftsfeld seit Beginn der 80er Jahre drastisch verandert. Heute ist es von allergroster Bedeutung, als erster mit innovativen Ideen auf den Markt zu kommen, neue Produkte zu entwickeln und, wahrend deren Produktion anlauft, bereits die nachste Produktgeneration ins Auge zu fassen.
Early detection of recurrence or progression disease in patients with ovarian cancer after primary debulking surgery. Correlation between CT findings and CA 125 levels.

Background There are no standard approaches for follow up in advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) patients; the aim of this study is to evaluate correlation between computed tomography (CT) and CA 125 levels to assess early detection of recurrence or progression disease (PD). Methods We included 76 patients with AOC, who had prior debulking surgery, starting first or second line of chemotherapy and underwent follow-up CT examinations. Evaluation of tumor response to treatment by imaging was assessed using RECIST 1.1. Site of relapse was classified as: abdomen, chest and neck (observed in the upper chest scans). Results Change in CA 125 levels was calculated in respect previous evaluation at the end of treatment for each patient. The most suitable cut-offs could be identified in an increase in CA 125 levels >10.5% (sensitivity: 67.9%; specificity: 83.6%; LR+: 4.1; LR-: 0.4) in order to predict PD and in a change of -0.5% in order to exclude PD (sensitivity 83.0%; specificity: 69.6%; LR+: 2.7; LR-: 0.2). Site of relapse was abdomen (58.5%), abdomen and chest (33.9%), chest (3.8%), chest and neck (1.9%), and abdomen, chest and neck (1.9%). Conclusions Increase in CA 125 levels >10.5% could be sufficiently predictive of PD requiring CT examination. Change of -0.5% is sufficiently predictive of absence of PD. Increase 0.5% needs clinical correlation to establish correct timing and extension of CT examination. Attention must be played in reducing number and extent of CT examinations to reduce exposure dose.
An optimization method to improve the transmission capability of AC/DC system with hierarchical access UHVDC

A reactive power/ voltage control sensitivity metric of reactive power devices to high-end or low-end inverter station buses of hierarchical access DC at different faults is defined. An index to evaluate the values of dynamic reactive power devices for improving voltage stability during transient process is proposed. Based on the index, an optimization problem of maximizing the reactive power reserve capacity for improving transient voltage stability is formulated. The method is proven to be effective with the actual case of North China Power Grid.
EMS providers do not use FOAM for education

Free open access to medical education (FOAM, #FOAM) is the free availability of educational materials on various medicine topics. We hope to evaluate the use of social media and FOAM by emergency medical services (EMS) providers. We designed an online survey distributed to EMS providers with questions about demographics and social media/FOAM use by providers. The survey was sent to the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) EMS Listserv of medical directors and was asked to be distributed to their respective agencies. The survey was designed to inquire about the providers’ knowledge of FOAM and social media and their use of the above for EMS education. There were 169 respondents out of a total of 523 providers yielding a response rate of 32.3%. Fifty-three percent of respondents are paramedics, 37% are EMT-Basic trained, and the remainder (16%) were “other.” The minority (20%) of respondents had heard of FOAM. However, 54% of respondents had heard of “free medical education online” regarding pertinent topics. Of the total respondents who used social media for education, 31% used Facebook and 23% used blogs and podcasts as resources for online education. Only 4% of respondents stated they produced FOAM content. Seventy-six percent of respondents said they were “interested” or “very interested” in using FOAM for medical education. If FOAM provided continuing medical education (CME), 83% of respondents would be interested in using it. Social media is not used frequently by EMS providers for the purposes of FOAM. There is interest within EMS providers to use FOAM for education, even if CME was not provided. FOAM can provide a novel area of education for EMS.
On linear programming relaxations for solving polynomial programming problems

Abstract This paper studies linear programming (LP) relaxations for solving polynomial programming problems. A polynomial programming problem can be equivalently formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) by introducing new variables that represent nonlinear monomials and substituting them within the original formulation. Whereas Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT)-based LP relaxations constructed for the original formulation are tight, the relaxations generated using the equivalent lower degree formulations are smaller and require less computational effort to optimize in comparison to the effort the former requires. In this study, we analyze the strength and tractability of the standard RLT, the J-set, and recursive McCormick relaxations for polynomial programming problems, and identify the superior relaxation depending on the problem characteristics. Extensive computational results are provided to demonstrate the relative effectiveness of the standard RLT, J-set, and recursive McCormick algorithms using problems from the literature and randomly generated test instances.
True Bugs and Their Relatives, Diversity of

True bugs (Heteroptera) are a fascinating and very diverse group of insects. Some are predacious, and many feed on plants and in several cases can be serious pests. Included are the bedbugs, and certain other insects that can spread Chagas disease. In this article, the author is primarily concerned with the biology and life history of these insects.
Studies of Bone Biophysics Using Ultrasound Velocity

INTRODUCTION The biological processes in bone are expressed in its final structure, achieved to fulfill specific physical functions. Thus a biophysical study of bone is a study of the relationship between its organization (at various scales) and its functions. Bone tissue primarily provides structural support and mineral homeostasis. Its microstructure has a hierarchical organization and a symmetry (transverse isotropy) optimized to meet a variety of structural needs over the entire skeleton; the material is thus heterogeneous and anisotropic with its mechanical properties varying with site and orientation. The two compartments (types) of bone, cortical and cancellous, are made of the same material but vary in the composition of the components. Bone material is constituted from organic matter which consists mostly of proteins (primarily the fibrous protein Type I collagen), glycoproteins and proteoglycans and from inorganic matter, the bone mineral crystals. The microstructural organization of these two phases is not very well described but it has been demonstrated that the mineral crystals are normally preferentially oriented with their major axis along the long fibrous collagen proteins1. The properties of these components also change with location and age. This complexity in the microarchitecture of bone matrix makes it extremely difficult to diagnose causes of mechanical or functional failure of the tissue. The strength of bone is a clinically relevant biophysical property, the assessment of which is currently carried out by calculating the amount of mineral present in bone from a projected X-ray image of the entire bone. Biochemical markers such as collagen degradation products have also been used to assess bone physiology but give no insight into location or compartment-specific responses. Biopsies of bone can provide valuable information about bone status but this is an invasive technique and repeated measurements are generally not possible. Magnetic resonance microscopy has been used at peripheral sites to quantitate bone structure, through which the functional status of bone can be inferred2. However, all of the above techniques provide indirect measures of the mechanical properties of bone.
Immune Function and Immunizations in Dialyzed Children

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are associated with significant alterations in immune function. On the one hand, CKD is associated with a state of chronic inflammation, which in turn has been associated with increased muscle catabolism, vascular calcification, insulin resistance, and malnutrition [1]. However, patients with CKD and ESRD also have immunodeficiency, as manifested by an increased risk for infection and sepsis and impaired response to vaccinations [1] Infection is a leading reported cause of death in children with ESRD [2, 3]. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) continues to be plagued with the infectious complication of peritonitis, and hemodialysis (HD) is complicated by the development of catheter-related bacteremia. Excluding transplantation, infection is reported to be the most common ­reason for dialysis modality termination in children [2]. The treatment and the prevention of infections are therefore important elements in the care of pediatric dialysis patients, both for reduction of mortality and morbidity, and in the setting of PD, for preservation of the peritoneal membrane function. This chapter will provide a brief review of currently available information regarding the immune dysfunction associated with CKD and ESRD. In addition, because delivery of routine childhood and supplemental vaccinations remains a cornerstone of infection prevention, data regarding response to immunizations in children with CKD and alterations to the routine immunization schedule for healthy children required for children with CKD will be presented.
Coarctation of the aorta in patients younger than three months: a critique of the subclavian flap operation

Unexpected and disappointing late results with the subclavian flap operation prompted this analysis of repair of coarctation in infants under 3 months of age. A total of 134 such patients underwent surgical repair since 1960 with 55 end-to-end anastomoses performed earlier in our experience (mean follow-up 5.0 years) and 67 subclavian flap angioplasty operations performed more recently (mean follow-up 2.0 years). The operative mortality was not significantly different (p = 0.3) between end-to-end anastomosis (29%) and subclavian flap angioplasty (19%), but it was significantly higher (p
Investigating a novel fMRI cannabis cue reactivity task in youth.

Abstract Objective Adult and adolescent studies suggest increased motivational responses to cannabis cues among regular cannabis users. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have not explored neural activation in response to visual cannabis cues among adolescents in the United States. Gaining a better understanding of the neural circuits related to cue-elicited craving during adolescence may shed light on the neural basis for the development of problematic cannabis use that could ultimately be targeted for interventions. Methods 41 non-treatment-seeking youth (ages 17–21; mean age = 18.83; 46.3% female) who reported regular cannabis use underwent fMRI scanning involving a visual cannabis cue task and completed self-report and biological measures. Whole-brain activation was examined for cannabis cues compared to non-cannabis cues, and for active versus passive cannabis cues. Associations between self-reported substance use and task activation were examined. Results Cannabis images were identifiable to adolescents and were rated as more rewarding than matched non-cannabis images (p 0.05). No differences were observed for the active versus passive cue contrast. Conclusions Cannabis-using youth show more activation to cannabis cues than non-cannabis cues in brain regions underlying incentive salience, reward, and visual attention. This task could be useful for future studies examining neural underpinnings of reward processes in adolescent cannabis users.
A Bioprinted Cardiac Patch Composed of Cardiac-Specific Extracellular Matrix and Progenitor Cells for Heart Repair.

Congenital heart defects are present in 8 of 1000 newborns and palliative surgical therapy has increased survival. Despite improved outcomes, many children develop reduced cardiac function and heart failure requiring transplantation. Human cardiac progenitor cell (hCPC) therapy has potential to repair the pediatric myocardium through release of reparative factors, but therapy suffers from limited hCPC retention and functionality. Decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogel (cECM) improves heart function in animals, and human trials are ongoing. In the present study, a 3D bioprinted patch containing cECM for delivery of pediatric hCPCs is developed. Cardiac patches are printed with bioinks composed of cECM, hCPCs, and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). GelMA-cECM bioinks print uniformly with a homogeneous distribution of cECM and hCPCs. hCPCs maintain >75% viability and incorporation of cECM within patches results in a 30-fold increase in cardiogenic gene expression of hCPCs compared to hCPCs grown in pure GelMA patches. Conditioned media from GelMA-cECM patches show increased angiogenic potential (>2-fold) over GelMA alone as seen by improved endothelial cell tube formation. Finally, patches are retained on rat hearts and show vascularization over 14 days in vivo. This work shows the successful bioprinting and implementation of cECM-hCPC patches for potential use in repairing damaged myocardium.
The Slow Convergence of Ordinary Least Squares Estimators of α, β and Portfolio Weights under Long‐Memory Stochastic Volatility

We consider inference for the market model coefficients based on simple linear regression under a long memory stochastic volatility generating mechanism for the returns. We obtain limit theorems for the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators of α and β in this framework. These theorems imply that the convergence rate of the OLS estimators is typically slower than √ T if both the regressor and the predictor have long memory in volatility, where T is the sample size. The traditional standard errors of the OLS‐estimated intercept (α) and slope (β), which disregard long memory in volatility, are typically too optimistic, and therefore the traditional ‐statistic for testing, say, α= 0 or β= 1, will diverge under the null hypothesis. We also obtain limit theorems (which imply slow convergence) for the estimated weights of the minimum variance portfolio and the optimal portfolio in the same framework. In addition, we propose and study the performance of a subsampling‐based approach to hypothesis testing for α and β. We conclude by noting that analogous results hold under more general conditions on long‐memory volatility models and state these general conditions which cover certain fractionally integrated exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) models.
Abstract WMP12: Endovascular Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke With M2 Occlusion

Introduction: Endovascular Therapy (EVT) has become standard care for selected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with a proximal emergent large vessels occlusion (ELVO), such as occlusion in ter...
Hybrid.Poly: Performance Evaluation of Linear Algebra Analytical Extensions

Anecdotal evidence suggests that Variety is one of the most challenging problems in Big data research [1]. Different data providers use different data models and formats to represent their data, which causes significant impediment to data scientists, whose goal is to make sense of all relevant data regardless of the source. Hybrid.Poly [2], [3] is the analytical polystore data management system designed to make all data accessible to the analyst, oblivious of the source differences.In this paper, we focus on the in-depth analysis and performance evaluation of the Linear Algebra extensions added to the Hybrid.Poly language.
Impact of Morphological Effects on the Activity and Stability of Tungsten Carbide Catalysts for Dry Methane Reforming

Fundamental understanding of the effects of phase and exposed facets of transition metal carbide (TMC) catalysts on reactivity is a route to preparing more active and stable materials for targeted ...
A 3D Printed Ethanol Sensor Using Conformally-Coated Conductive Polymer Electrodes

This work demonstrates, for the first time, conformal coating of conductive polymer electrodes onto PolyJet 3D printed structures to enable the fabrication of in-channel 3D electrodes for sensing applications. The reagent (3-Glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GOPS) is used as the chemical material to crosslink carbon nanotube-doped poly(3,4ethyelenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (CNT-PEDOT:PSS) to a variety of 3D printing materials. The conformally-coated electrodes are functionalized via electropolymerization of polyaniline (PANI), an ethanol sensitive material, to demonstrate a 3D printed ethanol sensor with a measured detection limit of ~0.19 %v/v. As such, this work opens up a new class of 3D printed sensing systems based on the conformal coating of conductive sensing material.
Adenocarcionma Of Mullerian Origin masquerading as an ovarian tumour- a rare case report.

Objective: To create awareness about this rare tumour and the way it can mislead the clinician into believing it to be of an ovarian origin. Case report: A 50 years old postmenopausal female presented with a partly solid-partly cystic mass noted arising from the mesentery of sigmoid colon, obliterating the pouch of douglas and adhered to the posterior surface of uterus and right adnexa. The histopa thological features were suggestive of Adenocarcinoma of Mullerian origin. Conclusion: Great caution and precision are needed to ascertain the origin and management of these tumours as they carry a bad prognosis.
Accelerating the Performance of Modal Aerosol Module of E3SM Using OpenACC

Using GPUs to accelerate the performance of HPC applications has recently gained great momentum. Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) is a state-of-the-science earth system model development and simulation project and has gained national recognition. It has a large code base with over a million lines of code. How to make effective use of GPUs, however, remains a challenge. In this paper, we use the modal aerosol module (MAM) of E3SM as a driving example to investigate how to effectively offload computational tasks to GPUs using the OpenACC directives. In particular, we are interested in the performance advantage of using GPUs and in understanding performance-limiting factors from both application characteristics and the GPU or OpenACC.
Vertical Stretch and Isaac Newton’s Conics

A vertical stretch is a central collineation whose axis is a horizontal line and whose center is at infinity on the lines perpendicular to the axis. When the axis is the x-axis, and point (0, 1) is mapped to (0, k), for k≠0, then each point (x, y) is mapped to (x, ky). The scale factor is k.
Thermal-elastic buckling of the arch-shaped structures with FGP aluminum reinforced by composite graphene platelets

Abstract This paper presents the analytical process of the functionally graded porous (FGP) arch structure in an elevated thermal field. The FGP arch is reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs). Analytical expressions are used to illustrate the distribution of the pores and GPLs in the cross profile. A small crown dent is considered by introducing a small point load on the crown portion. The nonlinear thin-walled shell theory is used to formulate the potential energy function of the deformed arch. Then, this energy function is expressed explicitly by assuming a cosine function to describe the radial displacement of the deformed arch. Two nonlinear formulae of equilibrium are obtained by differentiating the energy function, resulting in an implicit form of the critical temperature change, which reduces to an explicit form when the dent is negligible. Moreover, the derived analytical solutions are verified by an aluminum ring with homogeneity. Finally, an analysis is developed to estimate the effect of various geometric and material parameters on the critical temperature changes and the equilibrium plots.
Moral Leadership or Moral Hazard? Germany’s Response to the Refugee Crisis and Its Impact on European Solidarity

Germany has long played a quiet but essential role in moving the EU forward. Recently, external crises pushed Germany to embrace a visible leadership role, providing the EU with resources to both muddle through and even expand institutional competence. In 2015 Germany led in managing Europe’s refugee crisis. Which of three scenarios presented by the editors best describes the impact that the crisis and Germany’s leadership had on the EU? I argue that German leadership in Europe was constrained by weak EU institutions in the issue area of immigration, institutions in which Germany is embedded. When constrained by institutional weakness, Germany cannot successfully lead by coercion. In this case, however, it did, thereby dividing Europe Although the European refugee crisis receded, EU solidarity was weakened. Europe could only “muddle through.”
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.

The adaptive immune system is important for control of most viral infections. The three fundamental components of the adaptive immune system are B cells (the source of antibodies), CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. The armamentarium of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells has differing roles in different viral infections and in vaccines, and thus it is critical to directly study adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 to understand COVID-19. Knowledge is now available on relationships between antigen-specific immune responses and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although more studies are needed, a picture has begun to emerge that reveals that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all contribute to control of SARS-CoV-2 in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized cases of COVID-19. The specific functions and kinetics of these adaptive immune responses are discussed, as well as their interplay with innate immunity and implications for COVID-19 vaccines and immune memory against re-infection.
Stable social groups foster conformity and among-group differences

The social niche hypothesis theorizes that repeated social interactions between group members is an important mechanism for generating consistent individual differences in behaviour. However, such frequent interactions also have the potential to mask or suppress behavioural differences if individuals conform towards a group behavioural norm (i.e. the social conformity hypothesis) by either synchronizing their behaviour or shifting their behaviour towards that of influential group members. Both of these predictions hinge on the notion that social feedback among group members plays a key role in modulating consistent behavioural variation; thus, in the absence of such feedback, it could be expected that such consistent variation will be reduced. Here, we investigated how a 1-month housing with a stable social group, as opposed to being socially isolated, affected consistent individual differences in the shoaling tendencies of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aceluteus. Specifically, we repeatedly tested the tendency of individual sticklebacks to shoal with conspecifics before and after their social experience. In support of the social conformity hypothesis, we observed a four-fold increase in among-group differences, but no change in among-individual differences, in the shoaling tendencies of sticklebacks housed in groups. A post hoc analysis revealed that the increase in among-group differences may have been driven by the most ‘social’ pretreatment group member. Conversely, fish that were housed in isolation, expressed a notable, albeit nonsignificant, decrease in individual shoaling variation and repeatability. This decrease in shoaling variation corresponded with an increase in the average shoaling tendencies of solitary fish post-treatment, suggesting that solitary fish converged towards a similarly high level of shoaling tendencies post-treatment. For both treatment groups, however, we found among-individual positive correlations in pre- and post-treatment shoaling tendencies, suggesting that individuals may inherently differ in their shoaling tendencies, but that the social environment plays an important role in mediating the expression of these differences.
Evaluation of Motion Compensation Methods for Noninvasive Cardiac Radioablation of Ventricular Tachycardia.

Purpose Noninvasive cardiac radioablation is increasingly used for treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia. Attempts to limit normal tissue exposure are important, including managing motion of the target. An interplay between cardiac and respiratory motion exists for cardiac radioablation, which has not been studied in depth. The objectives of this study were to estimate target motion during abdominal compression free breathing (ACFB) and respiratory gated (RG) deliveries and to investigate the quality of either implanted cardioverter defibrillator lead tip or the diaphragm as a gating surrogate. Methods and Materials Eleven patients underwent computed tomography (CT) simulation with an ACFB 4-dimensional CT (r4DCT) and an exhale breath-hold cardiac 4D-CT (c4DCT). The target, implanted cardioverter defibrillator lead tip and diaphragm trajectories were measured for each patient on the r4DCT and c4DCT using rigid registration of each 4D phase to the reference (0%) phase. Motion ranges for ACFB and exhale (40%-60%) RG delivery were estimated from the target trajectories. Surrogate quality was estimated as the correlation with the target motion magnitudes. Results Mean (range) target motion across patients from r4DCT was as follows: left/right (LR), 3.9 (1.7-6.9); anteroposterior (AP), 4.1 (2.2-5.4); and superoinferior (SI), 4.7 (2.2-7.9) mm. Mean (range) target motion from c4DCT was as follows: LR, 3.4 (1.0-4.8); AP, 4.3 (2.6-6.5); and SI, 4.1 (1.4-8.0) mm. For an ACFB, treatment required mean (range) margins to be 4.5 (3.1-6.9) LR, 4.8 (3-6.5) AP, and 5.5 (2.3-8.0) mm SI. For RG, mean (range) internal target volume motion would be 3.6 (1.1-4.8) mm LR, 4.3 (2.6-6.5) mm AP, and 4.2 (2.2-8.0) mm SI. The motion correlations between the surrogates and target showed a high level of interpatient variability. Conclusions In ACFB patients, a simulated exhale-gated approach did not lead to large projected improvements in margin reduction. Furthermore, the variable correlation between readily available gating surrogates could mitigate any potential advantage to gating and should be evaluated on a patient-specific basis.
Adjustment Disorders in U.S. Active Duty Military Women: A Scoping Review for the Years 2000 to 2018.

Abstract Background Adjustment disorder (AD) is the most common mental health diagnosis in the U.S. military and is more than twice as likely to be diagnosed in active duty servicewomen as compared with male servicemembers. The literature on ADs, particularly in female servicemembers, has not been reviewed yet. We conducted a scoping review of the literature to explore the degree of research activity and summarize current literature gaps. Methods We created a PRISMA-ScR checklist and prospectively registered it in Open Science Framework. The literature search included articles (including studies and reports) published between 2000 and 2018 in either the grey literature or the following databases: Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Ovid Cochrane. We used DistillerSR to conduct title and abstracts screening, full-text screening, and data charting. The social ecological model for military women's health framework was used to organize the results. Results After screening 1,304 records, 29 were included for data charting. Most frequently, studies were descriptive (cross-sectional) (25%), with no randomized controlled studies. The studies primarily focused on ADs’ risk factors in servicewomen (76%), followed by military readiness (38%). Only 14% addressed recommendations for treatments based on expert opinion, although they did not directly test interventions, and 7% focused on health outcomes. Conclusions ADs affect the health of U.S. military women and military readiness, yet little is known about their successful treatment or health outcomes. Additional research in those areas is warranted.
A More Just, Inclusive Future for Sports

This issue of the Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport (JLAS) was dedicated to women in sports law, with a specific emphasis on inclusiveness and new ideas. For decades, the central focus of the law and policy directed to women and sports was Title IX enforcement and securing opportunities for participation. As we approach Title IX’s 50th anniversary, it is clear that the law has greatly expanded participation opportunities for women and powerfully altered the norms around women and sports. Nevertheless, much work remains. Women and girls still do not enjoy the full measure of equality that Title IX guarantees, and women’s sport at all levels still does not get the attention, resources, and respect that it should. The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this issue.
Assessing the joint adoption and complementarity between in-field conservation practices of Kansas farmers

Agricultural conservation systems consist of a myriad of conservation practices. The mix and intensity of conservation practices adopted can benefit farmers and affect the entire production system in addition to soil and water conservation. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze farmer adoption of and complementarity between conservation practices from a joint and conditional probabilistic perspective using Kansas as a case study. We develop a modeling framework that can analyze and examine farmers’ joint and conditional adoption decisions using a multinomial logistic regression model. This framework is used to estimate conditional probabilities of adopting conservation practices given adoption of other practices to better capture the complementarity between different conservation practices. These estimates allow for an assessment of linkages between adoption of different conservation practices and the socioeconomic factors that affect the likelihood of adopting conservation practices given other conservation practices have already been adopted on-farm. The results can help guide policy and outreach efforts to promote further intensification of adoption by farmers.
STEERING A DRIVING SIMULATOR USING THE QUEUEING NETWORK-MODEL HUMAN PROCESSOR (QN-MHP)

The Queueing Network-Model Human Processor (QN-MHP) is a computational architecture that combines the mathematical theories and simulation methods of queueing networks (QN) with the symbolic and procedure methods of GOMS analysis and the Model Human Processor (MHP). QN-MHP has been successfully used to model reaction time tasks and visual search tasks (Feyen and Liu, 2001a,b). This paper describes our work of using QN-MHP to model vehicle steering and to steer a driving simulator as a step toward modeling more complex driving scenarios. The steering model was implemented in Promodel, a commercially available simulation program. A network of 20 servers represents different functional modules of the human perceptual, cognitive, and motor information processing system. Entities carrying information on vehicle location and orientation arrive at and flow through the visual, cognitive and motor sub-networks of the system and are processed independently and concurrently by the servers. The QN-MHP steering model was interfaced with a driving simulator (DriveSafety) using an Ethernet protocol and several custom-built software modules. Heading and location information were received in real-time from the simulator and processed through the servers. Whenever the model made a hand movement, the corresponding position of the steering wheel was transferred to the simulator, thus steering the simulated vehicle. The model demonstrated realistic steering behavior. It steered the driving simulator within the lane boundaries of straight sections and curves of varying curvature. This work showed the potential strength of QN-MHP as a model of driving behavior. Ongoing work will further develop the model by expanding the scope of the driving task and by adding secondary in-vehicle tasks.
A new Agrobacterium strain isolated from aerial tumors on Ficus benjamina L

Crown gall tumors, collected from branches of 1-year-old weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) trees, yielded both tumorigenic and nonpathogenic agrobacteria. On the basis of classical diagnostic tests, the nonpathogenic strains were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, whereas the tumorigenic strains could not be assigned to any of the known terrestrial Agrobacterium spp. The tumorigenic strains also differed from other members of the genus by producing more acid from mannitol. According to cluster analysis of carbon substrate oxidation (GN Microplate; Biolog, Inc.) and fatty acid content, the tumorigenic fig strains were distinct from strains of A. tumefaciens, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Agrobacterium vitis, and Agrobacterium rubi. Furthermore, they had unusual opine metabolism, inducing tumors that synthesized nopaline and three recently discovered opines: chrysopine (d-lactone of N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine, and N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine, and N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-5-oxo-L-proline. The nonpathogenic A. tumefaciens strains present in the same tumors were unable to degrade any of the opines tested. The phylogenetic position of the tumorigenic fig strain AF3.10 was inferred from comparing its rrs (i.e., 16S rRNA gene) sequence with those from the type strains of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium species. The analysis showed that strain AF3.10 clustered with A. tumefaciens and A. rubi but not with A. vitis and was far removed from A. rhizogenes. However, the sequence was significantly different from those of A. tumefaciens and A. rubi to suggest that the tumorigenic fig strain may be a new Agrobacterium species that is as different from A. tumefaciens and A. rubi as these two species are from one another.
Multiple Bragg Scattering and the Phase Problem in X-Ray Diffraction: Mosaic Crystals

The scattering of electromagnetic radiation from a finite object can be treated with complete generality by making use of Maxwell equations (Jackson, 1975). In this section we will describe a perturbation theory of n-beam diffraction, due to (1986), which has been extremely useful for the application of multiple scattering to the solution of the phase problem. Approximate analytical solutions using the Bethe approximation have been obtained for the three-beam case, by treating the third Bragg reflection as a perturbation (Hummer and Billy, 1986). Applications of this method of attack have been demonstrated for protein crystals (Hummer, Schwegle and Weckert, 1991). When the incident beam is described as a plane wave: $${\vec D_o}(\vec x) = {\vec D_o}\exp \left( { - i{{\vec k}_o} \cdot \vec x} \right)$$ we get the following equation $$({\nabla ^2} + k_o^2)\vec D = - \nabla \times \nabla \times (\delta \epsilon \vec D)$$ Do and D are the displacement vectors in vacuum and in the crystal respectively, ko is the incident wavevector, whose magnitude is 2π/λ, and δe =δe(x) is the deviation of the dielectric constant function in the crystal from its value in vacuum.
Interactive stars: Normal and compact stars in close binaries

The missions planned for the 1990’s will greatly expand our knowledge of close binary systems and the physical phenomena that can be studied in a member of a close binary, from stellar active regions to the highest density black hole candidates known. These sysems and the phenomena are reviewed with reference to major outstanding questions, our expected capability to answer them, and the expansion of capability that would be necessary. A ‘‘super’’ XMM or LAMAR experiment with larger area, but similar moderate energy resolution and moderate spatial resolution, could detect 0.1 millisecond bursts from Cyg X‐1 and 1 millisecond bursts in quiescent black hole candidates, measure Doppler and gravitational energy shifts in the iron line features for black holes and neutron stars. It would also identify these objects in galaxies a few Mpc away and open the way for evolution studies. A somewhat less ambitious goal would be high energy resolution of about the area of LAMAR to make full use of the information in the emission lines in both normal and compact binaries. Much less ambitious with respect to the hardware, but very useful to the astrophysics of these systems would be a melding of a small x‐ray spectroscopy experiment of about the area of BBXRT of AXAF with a UV package like that of IUE.
Amphetamine Augments Action Potential-Dependent Dopaminergic Signaling in the Striatum in Vivo

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 937–948. Abstract Amphetamine (AMPH) is thought to disrupt normal patterns of action potential-dependent dopaminergic signaling by depleting dopamine (DA) vesicular stores and promoting non-exocytotic DA efflux. Voltammetry in brain slices concurrently demonstrates these key drug effects, along with competitive inhibition of neuronal DA uptake. Here, we perform comparable kinetic and voltammetric analyses in vivo to determine whether AMPH acts qualitatively and quantitatively similar in the intact brain. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry measured extracellular DA in dorsal and ventral striata of urethane-anesthetized rats. Electrically evoked recordings were analyzed to determine Km and Vmax for DA uptake and vesicular DA release, while background voltammetric current indexed basal DA concentration. AMPH (0.5, 3, and 10 mg/kg i.p.) robustly increased evoked DA responses in both striatal subregions. The predominant contributor to these elevated levels was competitive uptake inhibition, as exocytotic release was unchanged in the ventral striatum and only modestly decreased in the dorsal striatum. Increases in basal DA levels were not detected. These results are consistent with AMPH augmenting action potential-dependent dopaminergic signaling in vivo across a wide, behaviorally relevant dose range. Future work should be directed at possible causes for the distinct in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of AMPH.
Drilling Safety at BP: The Deepwater Horizon Accident

Following the 2010 Gulf of Mexico explosion and oil spill caused by the Deepwater Horizon, public attention focused on BP's safety record, practices, and management culture as the primary causes of the disaster. Drawing on public sources, this case traces the circumstances surrounding the accident, including not only the role of BP but also those of the two principal subcontractors hired to actually do the drilling and capping of the oil well (Transocean Ltd. and Halliburton Energy Services). The case examines BP's safety record and prior accidents at a refinery in Houston in 2005 and along a pipeline in Alaska in 2006 and describes managerial changes imposed by the Board of Directors and safety programs instituted by Tony Hayward, the new CEO installed in 2007.Learning Objective:The purpose of the case is to explore why it is so difficult for management to implement - and employees to embrace - changes aimed at promoting and ensuring their own safety in environments that are obviously dangerous.
Analyzing Dialog Coherence Using Transition Patterns in Lexical and Semantic Features.

In this paper, we present methods to analyze dialog coherence that help us to automatically distinguish between coherent and incoherent conversations. We build a machine learning classifier using local transition patterns that span over adjacent dialog turns and encode lexical as well as semantic information in dialogs. We evaluate our algorithm on the Switchboard dialog corpus by treating original Switchboard dialogs as our coherent (positive) examples. Incoherent (negative) examples are created by randomly shuffling turns from these Switchboard dialogs. Results are very promising with the accuracy of 89% (over 50% baseline) when incoherent dialogs show both random order as well as random content (topics), and 68% when incoherent dialogs are random ordered but on-topic. We also present experiments on a newspaper text corpus and compare our findings on the two datasets. Copyright © 2008, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.