cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen-helium demixing from first principles: From diamond anvil cells to planetary interiors

An accurate determination of the immiscibility of helium in hydrogen has a direct impact on the understanding of the interior structure and of the evolution of Jovian planets. We extend our previous work on hydrogen-helium mixtures [Morales, Schwegler, Ceperley, Pierleoni, Hamel, and Caspersen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 106, 1324 (2009)] to lower pressures and lower temperatures, across the molecular dissociation regime in hydrogen to the low-pressure molecular liquid. Using density-functional-theory-based molecular dynamics together with thermodynamic integration techniques, we calculate the Gibbs free energy of the dense liquid as a function of pressure, temperature, and composition. We address the importance of the nonideal entropy of mixing in the solubility of helium in hydrogen and find that it is critically important in the molecular regime. The resulting demixing temperatures smoothly connect measurements done in diamond anvil cells to the high-temperature and -pressure conditions found in giant planet interiors.
ESA SYMPOSIUM: Night Vision Equipment for Studying Nocturnal Behavior of Insects

Many of the technologies that have been and are being developed by research organizations for offensive and defensive purposes against human aggression have great potential for use in the biological sciences. Possible adaptations of these technologies by the scientific community for applications of civilian usage that enhance rather than destroy human lives and property are plentiful. Thus, today we have available to us a technology, night vision goggles (NVG), that greatly extends a basically weak human sense—night vision. This equipment offers the biological sciences a tool for studying the nocturnal behavior of animals. As entomologists, we are probably more interested in the nocturnal behavior of insects which is one of the weakest areas of knowledge in the insect world.
Rupture histories of eastern North American earthquakes

Abstract Digital, worldwide records of P and SH waves are used to invert for rupture histories of the recent, larger, eastern North American earthquakes. The data include a broad bandwidth to facilitate recovery of both source details and total moment. The following events are studied- 9 January 1982 New Brunswick; 5 October and 23 December 1985 Nahanni; 25 November 1988 Saguenay; and 25 December 1989 Ungava earthquakes. We employ a finite-fault, waveform inversion scheme that discretizes the slip history as a function of position on the fault. This formulation allows estimation of rise time and slip velocity, in addition to the spatial distribution of slip. Static stress drops averaged over the entire rupture surface range from a few tens of bars to just over 100 bars and are similar to values estimated for western United States earthquakes. Estimates of stress drop for spatially limited asperities are in the range of a few hundred bars, with the value for the Saguenay earthquake asperity being the largest (approaching 1 kbar). The variation in stress drop is considerable, but no evidence is seen for a scaling relation in which stress drop increases with moment. Maximum slip velocities on the fault also have a wide range (from 50 cm/sec to perhaps greater then 200 cm/sec), with the Saguenay and 5 October Nahanni earthquakes lying at the upper end of this range. Of the events studied, the Saguenay earthquake is unique in terms of its greater depth, spatially concentrated source, and large asperity stress drop.
Anti-epidemic Measures in the Worst-Hit Mianyang Areas in Wenchuan Earthquake

The Wenchuan Earthquake caused severe injuries and deaths as well as subsequent serious potential risks to public health and hygiene in the worst-hit areas.There were 16 casualties in the Mianyang CDC system and the township county CDC networks were destroyed in the worst-hit counties after the earthquake.The Mianyang CDC quickly launched its emergency response plan for major natural disasters within two hours after the earthquake,prepared and improved the technical guide for disease prevention after the earthquake and rapidly sent out quick response team.With the help of CDC aid teams across the country,Mianyang CDC successfully disinfected and buried 6,767,568 corpses,and disposed of millions of animal carcasses.They also disinfected and sterilised an area of 932.595 million square metres,eradicating 3,514,166 fly and mosquito breeding places and treating 5,254,228 cesspit times.By June 30,they had examined 11,092 water supply units and carried out disinfection of 319.7997 million cubic metres of drinking water.Besides,dynamic monitoring for water quality in the four worst-hit areas in Mianyang urban areas.They organised hygienic enforcement supervisors to develop food safety inspection,regulated catering services of the centralised settlements,destroyed spoiled and expired food and vegetables.The authorities prevented the masses from eating dead poultry or meat from carcasses to ensure no occurrence of food poisoning after the earthquake.Standard administration of the 170 settlements of the earthquake-afflicted people and 132 settlements of evacuated people was carried out in accordance with the rules of "Six Provisions and Four Reinforcements" and this would ensure no recurrence of public health events in the settlements.On Day 3(May 15) after the earthquake,they established a real-time monitoring and report network of the epidemic situation after the earthquake and monitored diseases and symptoms of the people in the resettled region to ensure no occurrence of major epidemic cases.The monitoring results showed that the number of infectious disease cases was comparable to that in the previous years.Moreover,they carried out intensive vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine in children 41196 person times,stored 100,000 person oral cholera vaccine and monitoring for new sexually transmitted diseases.A total of 10.1265 million copies of publicity materials were organised printed and distributed.They developed large-scale health education and a massive patriotic health campaign by means of the media and organised the masses to engage in sanitation and hygiene as well as controlling flies,mosquitoes and rats in the temporary earthquake-proof places.Under the unifi ed command of the Mianyang emergency response headquarters,the centers for health and epidemic control and prevention at various levels of disaster relief continued to dispose of carcasses and disinfect and bury corpses as well as monitor water quality,so as to ensure the secondary disasters could be prevented in advance.
Study on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among diabetic population

Objective To observe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) among people with diabetes.Methods 9 275 diabetic patients (FPG was ≥7.0 mmol/L or FPG＜7.0 mmol/L but diagnosed as diabetes or having history of diabetes,or were under hypoglycemic agents treatment) of 101 510 employees of Kailuan group who took physical check-up between 2006 and 2007,were recruited to take part in this study.Using the latest defined diagnostic criteria on MS from the 2010 hypertension guidelines,prevalence of MS among the population was analyzed,according to age and gender.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test the relevant factors of MS.Results There were 6 105 cases with MS among the population with the prevalence as 65.8％ (female:70.0％,male:64.9％).Stratified by age and gender,the prevalence rates of MS among young-age group,middle-age group and elderly group were 59.7％,66.0％ and 68.8％,respectively.The prevalence in males among the three groups was 61.4％,64.9％ and 67.0％,respectively.The prevalence rates in females among the three groups were 50.3％,70.7％ and 78.8％,respectively Stratified by age and gender,the prevalence of waist abnormal in female was the highest (100.0％) in the youth group that with MS.However,the prevalence of dyslipidemia appeared the highest (86.3％) in males.In the elderly group with MS,the prevalence of abnormal blood pressure was the highest in both males and females,up to 96.0％.Results from multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that cigarette smoking would increase the risk of developing MS in the youth group (OR=1.89,95％CI:1.09-3.28) and the risk of developing MS of man was lower than women in the middle-aged group (OR=0.77,95％ CI:0.67-0.89; OR=0.48,95％ CI:0.35-0.66).Conclusion In the diabetic population,MS prevalence in female appeared to be higher than in males.The prevalence of MS tended to increase with age.Cigarette smoking could increase the risk of MS in the youth group. Key words: Metabolic syndrome; Diabetes; Prevalence
Just the Facts? Partisan Media and the Political Conditioning of Economic Perceptions:

This paper analyzes the effects of biases in economic information on partisans’ economic perceptions. In survey experiments, I manipulate the presence of partisan cues and the direction of proattitudinal information in news stories about the American economy. Results demonstrate that although proattitudinal tone in factual economic news stories most strongly affects partisans’ economic perceptions, inclusion of partisan cues alongside proattitudinal information results in weaker shifts in economic sentiment relative to stories lacking partisan content. These findings suggest that the relatively subtle process of agenda setting in economic news may be the most effective tool used by partisan news outlets to drive polarization in citizens’ factual economic perceptions.
Modeling the Effects of Focal Adhesion Size Restriction on Cell Shape during Spreading

Focal adhesions (FAs) are known to exhibit mechanosensitive properties. Changes in FA size, distribution, and dynamics is leveraged in controlling various signaling networks that enable a cell to demonstrate mechanochemical sensitivity to its environment. Here, we present a two-dimensional model and finite element simulations of a cell interacting with a deformable substrate through FA complexes. The cell is treated as a hypoelastic material that is allowed to undergo active deformation representative of spreading and localized actomyosin contractions, and the substrate is modeled as linearly elastic. FA complexes are modeled by collections of linear springs that can form and break dynamically. Our aim is to understand how controlling the size of FAs, either via disassembly by microtubules or by ligand patterning, affects cellular responses. We model microtubule induced FA disassembly by systematically removing FA springs from regions closest to the cell nucleus. Alternately we also examine control of FA size by ligand patterning using reaction-diffusion equations describing the interchange between bound and unbound integrins, which accounts for the conservation of the total number of integrins within the cell. We verify our model of the coupling between integrin activation and actomyosin contractions by demonstrating that stress fibers form between adhesive patches as reported in the experimental work of Thery et al [1]. In addition, we compare the effects of the proposed two models for controlling FA evolution on intracellular stresses, substrate displacement patterns, FA distribution, and cell shape for different substrate stiffnesses and ligand patterns.[1] M. Thery, A. Pepin, E. Dressaire,Y. Chen, and M. Bornens (2006). Cell Distribution of Stress Fibers in Response to the Geometry of the Adhesive Geometry, Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton, 63, pp. 341-355.
Anemonefish musical chairs and the plight of the two-band anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus

Anemonefishes’ obligatory mutualism with sea anemones dictates their occurrence in marine habitats. We examined whether the spatial distribution, number, and size of the host anemones Heteractis crispa and Entacmaea quadricolor affected the settlement, habitat usage, and survival of the two-band anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus. In a 200 × 50 m study site off the coast of Israel in the Gulf of Eilat, we followed the fish and anemone populations initially in 13 censuses from October 1996 to August 1997 and follow-up censuses from 1998 to 2015. Based on size, anemonefish were categorized as adults, juveniles, or settlers. Settlers tended to cluster together but displayed significantly dispersed distributions in relation to adult individual fish and breeding pairs. Adult and juvenile anemonefish associated more with, and exhibited higher survival in, E. quadricolor. Settlers primarily inhabited H. crispa, with similar survival rates in the two anemone species. H. crispa was less occupied compared to E. quadricolor, but 95 % of the 233 anemones hosted fish during at least one census. From 1997 to 2015, anemone and anemonefish numbers plummeted by 86 % and 74 %, respectively. In 2015, all 27 remaining anemones were occupied, with most E. quadricolor inhabited by adults. The anemones left at the study site, on average, hosted more fish per anemone than those in the original population. This saturated habitat could hinder new anemonefish individuals from settling. These results indicate that if the anemone population does not recover, the anemonefish could face local extinction.
Nontarget Analysis Reveals a Bacterial Metabolite of Pyrene Implicated in the Genotoxicity of Contaminated Soil after Bioremediation.

Bioremediation is an accepted technology for cleanup of soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but it can increase the genotoxicity of the soil despite removal of the regulated PAHs. Although polar biotransformation products have been implicated as causative genotoxic agents, no specific product has been identified. We pursued a nontarget analytical approach combining effect-directed analysis (EDA) and metabolite profiling to compare extracts of PAH-contaminated soil from a former manufactured-gas plant site before and after treatment in a laboratory-scale aerobic bioreactor. A compound with the composition C15H8O2 and four methylated homologues were shown to accumulate as a result of bioreactor treatment, and the C15H8O2 compound purified from soil extracts was determined to be genotoxic. Its structure was established by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy as a heretofore unidentified α,β-unsaturated lactone derived from dioxygenation of pyrene at an apical ring, 2H-...
HA2lloc: Hardware-Assisted Secure Allocator

With ever-increasing complexity of software systems, the number of reported security issues increases as well. Among them, memory corruption attacks are a prevalent vector used against today's software stacks. These attacks are repeatedly leveraged to compromise common application software, such as web browsers or document viewers. However, previous work to mitigate memory corruption attacks either suffer from high overhead or can be bypassed by a knowledgeable attacker.In this work, we introduce HA2lloc, a hardware-assisted allocator that is capable of leveraging an extended memory management unit to detect memory errors in the heap. We also perform some preliminary testing using HA2lloc in a simulation environment and find that the approach is capable of detecting and preventing common memory vulnerabilities.
Influence of Forced Flow on the Dendritic Growth of Fe-C Alloy: 3D vs 2D Simulation

A 3D parallel cellular automaton-finite volume method (CA-FVM) model was used to simulate the equiaxed dendritic growth of an Fe-0.82 wt pct C alloy with xy-in-out and xyz-in-out type forced flows and the columnar dendritic growth with y-in-out type forced flow. In addition, the similarities and differences between the results of the 3D and 2D models are discussed and summarized in detail. The capabilities of the 3D and 2D CA-FVM models to predict the dendritic growth of the alloy with forced flow are validated through comparison with the boundary layer correction and Oseen–Ivanstov models, respectively. Because the forced flow can pass around perpendicular arms of the dendrites, the secondary arms at the sides upstream from the perpendicular arms are more developed than those on the upstream side of the upstream arms, especially at higher inlet velocities. In addition, compared to the xy-in-out case, the growth of the downstream arms is less inhibited and the secondary arms are more developed in the xyz-in-out case because of the greater lateral flow around their tips. Compared to the 3D case, the 2D equiaxed dendrites are more asymmetrical and lack secondary arms because of the thicker solute envelope. In the 3D case, the columnar dendrites on the upstream side (left one) are promoted, while the middle and downstream dendrites are inhibited in sequence. However, the sequential inhibition starts on the upstream side in the 2D case. This is mainly because the melt can pass around the upstream branch in 3D space. However, it can only climb over the upstream tip in 2D space. Additionally, the secondary arms show upstream development, which is more significant with increasing inlet velocity. The level of development of the secondary arms is also affected by the decay of the forced flow in the flow direction.
Equine nursing “how to” guide – “Folding” a foal into lateral recumbency as a form of restraint

To prevent stress in a newborn foal it is important to familiarise them as much as possible to human handling. Described below is a method that can be used to safely and effectively restrain a foal...
Strain and built-in fields in wurtzite GaN/AlxIn1−xN quantum wells and quantum dots

Abstract Strain and built-in fields in wurtzite (WZ) GaN/AlxIn1−xN quantum wells (QWs) and quantum dots (QDs) with piezoelectric (PZ) and spontaneous (SP) polarizations were investigated by using a multi-band effective mass theory. In the case of GaN/AlInN QW structures, the built-in field in the well nearly becomes zero for the QW structure with x = 0.7 while the potential well depth in the conduction band is very small. However, the GaN/AlInN QD structures show that the built-in field in the GaN dot does not become zero in a range of an investigated Al content and the carrier confinement is possible even for the QD structure with x = 0.7. The potential profiles of both QW and QD structures change from type-I to type-II at the Al content of x = 0.7. These results can be used as a design guide for fabrications of QD-based optoelectronic devices with a high emission intensity.
Titanium-Niobium Base Quaternary Alloys

Quaternary alloys with the interstitial elements C, N, and 0 have been considered in Chapter 8 and Table 1–30. Following the scheme introduced in Table 1–38, which summarizes the literature on the subject, this chapter deals with substititional quaternary Ti-Nb-base alloys in the three categories: (a) alloys of Ti-Nb with two simple-metal additions, designated Ti-Nb-SM1–SM2, (b) alloys of Ti-Nb with another transition element and a simple metal, designated Ti-Nb-TM-SM, and finally (c) alloys of Ti-Nb with two additional transition elements, designated Ti-Nb-TM1–TM2. In practice the relevant quaternary TM alloys are generally modifications of the basic Ti-Nb alloy — which is of course a (group-IV)TM-(group-V)TM alloy — in which substitutions have been made on one hand for Ti (by Zr and/or Hf) and on the other for Nb (by V and/or Ta). Typical alloys conforming to this specification are, for example: $$ (Ti - Zr - Hf) - Nb\,and\,(Ti - Zr) - (Ta - Nb), $$ where the parentheses enclose elements of similar group numbers.
Scrolling Radiologic Images: Requirements, Designs, and Analyses

Radiology-workstation scrolling methods are used to roam through individual large images and to move sequentially through the images in a multiple-slice exam. Both one-dimensional scrolling — used to move through a CT exam — and two-dimensional scrolling — used to roam around a large radiograph — are essential for radiology workstation navigation. The UNC FilmPlane radiology workstation project has designed and/or evaluated a number of scrolling methods applicable to radiology workstations; the FilmPlane metaphor, in which the user navigates over a pictorial index of all the images in the patient’s folder, has proven to be an effective means for users to comprehend and access related medical images in a patient’s image folder. Both slider bars and “next/previous” buttons have their advantages and disadvantages for one-dimensional scrolling. The diamond and the arrow cursors described in the text are, in our opinion, among the more effective two-dimensional scrolling methods that use only the mouse and keyboard typically found on modern workstations. Arrow keys, trackerballs, and joysticks are possibilities if they are available, and if the workstation interaction is carefully designed with their integration in mind.
Ammonia: The Old and the New

Experimental evidence relating increased blood ammonia to cerebral dysfunction dates back to 1877 when Eck first created a portocaval shunt. In the 1930’s Van Caulert and Kirk described mental disturbances in cirrhotics receiving ammonium salts.1 However, it wasn’t until 1952 that Gabuzda, Phillips, Schwartz, and Davidson2,3 recognized that symptoms and EEG changes indistinguishable from hepatic encephalopathy could be produced in cirrhotics given ammonium-containing cation-exchange resins, ammonium salts, urea, or protein orally. Two years later a patient with a normal liver who had a portocaval shunt following a Whipple procedure for carcinoma of the pancreas was reported by McDermoff and Adams4 to have recurrent episodes of irrationality, confusion, disorientation, incontinence, drowsiness, apathy, stupor, and sometimes coma Blood ammonia and EEG abnormalities were correlated with the manifestations, which were reproducible by feeding the patient meat, urea, ammonium-containing cation-exchange resin, or ammonium chloride. Such observations in cirrhotics and in patients with portacaval shunts have been confirmed many times since these early reports, so a relationship between ammonia and the clinical syndrome of hepatic coma is well established.
Blast Cell Arterial Embolus in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

The link between coagulatory dysfunction in acute leukemias is well known, with patients having an increased risk of bleeding as well as thrombosis. Arterial thrombosis is particularly rare in this population however with only a few reported cases in the literature. We report the case of acute arterial occlusion secondary to a leukoblastic embolus causing limb-threatening ischemia in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. The patient was successfully treated surgically by open superficial femoral artery thrombectomy, common femoral endarterectomy with patch angioplasty, and percutaneous tibial embolectomy.
Molecular and cellular genetics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Diagnostic and prognostic implications

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse collection of malignant neoplasms with lymphoid-cell origin which includes all the malignant lymphomas that are not classified as Hodgkin lymphoma. NHL is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed in men and women in the developed world. In the United States of America, the past few decades have seen a significant rise in the incidence of NHL and it accounts for about 4% of all cancers now. The overall survival of NHL has improved drastically over the past ten years. This can be attributed to better understanding of pathogenesis, refined classification, enhanced supportive care, and data from collaborative clinical trials. The prognosis of a newly diagnosed NHL patient depends, among other factors, on the specific subtype of lymphoma, stage of the disease, and age of the patient. Advances in the fields of molecular biology and innovations in cytogenetic techniques have led to the discovery of several oncogenic pathways involved in lymphomagenesis, which in turn has amplified the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches available for NHL. Our comprehension of the genetic features that determine the character of NHL, and ultimately guide the therapy, has undergone significant shift and it is essential that scientists as well as clinicians stay in tune with this rapidly evolving knowledge. In this review we have summarized the current concepts about cellular and molecular genetics of the common subtypes of NHL and their clinical implications.
Collisional excitation transfer and quenching in Rb ( 5 P ) -methane mixtures

We have examined fine-structure mixing between the rubidium $5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3/2}$ and $5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1/2}$ states along with quenching of these states due to collisions with methane gas. Measurements are carried out using ultrafast laser-pulse excitation to populate one of the Rb $5{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}P$ states, with the fluorescence produced through collisional excitation transfer observed using time-correlated single-photon counting. Fine-structure mixing rates and quenching rates are determined by the time dependence of this fluorescence. As $\mathrm{Rb}(5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P$) collisional excitation transfer is relatively fast in methane gas, measurements were performed at methane pressures of $2.5--25$ Torr, resulting in a collisional transfer cross section ($5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{1/2}$) of $(4.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Quenching rates were found to be much slower and were performed over methane pressures of $50--4000$ Torr, resulting in a quenching cross section of $(7.52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. These results represent a significant increase in precision compared to previous work, and also resolve a discrepancy in previous quenching measurements.
Run the country like a business? The economics of Jordan’s Islamic action front:

The moral economics of the Islamic Action Front, the partisan wing of the original Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood, is both defined and compromised by internal inconsistency. Similar to others that mi...
Curbing Chinese missile sales: From imposing to negotiating China’s adherence to the MTCR

This article explores and assesses the ongoing American effort to elicit Chinese adherence to the guidelines and parameters of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). In 1991 and 1992, the United States employed mainly economic pressure in pursuit of this goal, an approach that resulted in China’s first written commitment to respect the regime’s restrictions. Subsequently, although economic pressure has remained the primary tool, Washington has also begun of necessity to discuss Chinese proliferation concerns, American arms sales to Taiwan in particular. This development led to China’s reaffirmation of its MTCR commitment in 1994. Despite these agreements, however, this aspect of the Sino-American relationship remains fraught with potential problems and will require sustained diplomatic attention in the future.
RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS IN FEW BODY SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the relativistic effects in few-body systems. Any process involving particle creation and annihilation can be regarded as a relativistic effect because these phenomena are a natural consequence of relativistic field theory. A relativistic effect is one that must be added to a nonrelativistic calculation to make it relativistic and the one that does not correspond to a separate physical process. Relativistic effects are primarily kinematical, and they arise only in a case when one has made a nonrelativistic calculation of a particular physical process and later wants to correct the calculation to include the effects of relativity. The Dressier–Gross calculation is equivalent to the Riska–Brown result only as in this case, the OPE contribution to the small component wave functions is dominant. The BG wavefunction exhibits a repulsive behavior at short distances. This repulsion must be entirely caused by to the structure of the wave equation and the treatment of the antinucleon degrees of freedom, because the usual nonrelativistic limit of π and σ exchanges is known to be purely attractive in the deuteron channel.
A homozygous frameshift variant in the KRT5 gene is compatible with life and results in severe recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

A KRT5 disease-causing variant was first associated with epidermolysis bullosa simplex by Dowling-Meara in 1992.1 Additional variants throughout the KRT5 and KRT14 genes have subsequently been associated with phenotypic variants of EBS as well as other dermatologic diseases. KRT5 variants alone have been associated with Dowling-Degos disease, EBS-mottled pigmentation, EBS-migratory circinate erythema, EBS-localized (Weber-Cockayne), EBS-generalized intermediate (Koebner), and EBS-generalized severe (Dowling-Meara).2, 3, 4 Most EBS cases from KRT5 and KRT14 variants are autosomal dominant diseases, although autosomal recessive cases have been reported. To our knowledge, loss-of-function KRT5 variants associated with autosomal recessive EBS have not been described previously.2, 3
Editorial Acknowledgments and Introduction to the Special Issue for the EDM Journal Track

The 12th EDM Conference was held in Montreal from July 2 to July 5, and for the fifth time it held a Journal track which this year was edited by Andrew Olney and Luke Eglington. The Journal track allows papers submitted to JEDM to be presented at the conference. A summary is available in the proceedings, and the full text is published in the Journal. The Journal track received 7 submissions, and 2 of them made it to the final stage of the special issue for journal publication. We are pleased to publish these papers in this issue.
Very, Garrison, Thoreau: Variations on the Antebellum Passive

Clark Davis, “Very, Garrison, Thoreau: Variations on the Antebellum Passive” (pp. 332–359) This essay contends that the poetry of Jones Very, often considered predominately “mystical,” was deeply engaged in political debates of the era. Not only did Very often write poems with an avowedly public purpose, but his seemingly otherworldly, spiritual sonnets sometimes participated in antebellum political debates. The sonnet “The Hand and Foot” (1839), for instance, describes a mode of Christian passivity and quietism that echoes the contemporaneous call for passive “non-resistance” to slavery found in William Lloyd Garrison’s 1838 “Declaration of Sentiments,” the foundational statement of the New England Non-Resistance Society. Very’s poem also describes a mode of Christian behavior that is radically disruptive of social conformity, a kind of embodied “prayer” that may have influenced Henry David Thoreau’s more famous manifesto of passive resistance, “Resistance to Civil Government” (1849). Thoreau witnessed Very’s passive but disruptive behavior on more than one occasion in Concord, Massachusetts, well before his own unique dramatization of nonconformity in the mid 1840s. Comparing Very’s erasure of individual will to Thoreau’s more canny deployment of passivity can help us clarify antebellum modes of passive engagement as they evolved toward the eventual violence of John Brown’s raid and the American Civil War.
Rossi-alpha measurements of fast plutonium metal assemblies using organic scintillators

Abstract The reactivity and the k-effective multiplication factor ( k eff ) of a fissionable assembly are quantities of widespread interest. These values can be inferred from Rossi-alpha measurements of the prompt neutron decay constant (or the inverse: α − 1 ). It has been shown that 3 He-gas proportional counter-based detection systems are insensitive to α − 1 of fast assemblies (much faster than tens of microseconds). Therefore, it is of interest to investigate fast detection systems such as those based on organic scintillation detectors. In this work, an array of 12 cylindrical, 5.08 cm × 5.08 cm diameter trans-stilbene organic scintillators was used to measure five subcritical assemblies. One assembly was a sphere of approximately 4.5 kg of alpha-phase, weapons-grade plutonium ( k eff = 0 . 773 , α − 1 = 11 . 84 ns ) known as the BeRP ball encased in a thin stainless-steel clad. The other assemblies used the same encased sphere and 7.62 cm of iron, nickel, copper, or tungsten reflectors ( k eff = 0 . 884 , 0 . 916 , 0 . 924 , 0 . 939 , respectively and α − 1 = 36 . 60 , 41 . 56 , 49 . 60 , 70 . 32 ns , respectively). This work (1) validates Rossi-alpha measurements with organic scintillators by demonstrating good agreement between measurements and simulations; and (2), demonstrates that organic scintillator-based systems are sensitive to α − 1 on the order of 10–100 ns.
SIMULATING EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT BOARDING USING A DIFFERENCE EQUATION

Abstract Background This paper aims to provide a model that can be used to simulate the effect of patient presentation counts on ED boarder counts and investigate strategies that might be used for managing ED boarding levels. Methods A boarding simulation model is constructed using a random variable and two regressions that are linked together in a difference equation. The simulation is run under varying constraints, including time interval, presentation counts, and boarder count threshold. Bootstrapping is used to run the simulation a large number of times so that mean and medians can be calculated along with confidence intervals. Results The method outlined in this paper can be used to simulate the effect of presentation levels on ED boarder counts. Using these methods one can derive quantifiable estimates of time that an emergency department might meet or exceed a particular boarder count threshold. Conclusions These simulation methods can help an emergency department understand the dynamics of the system in the status quo of normal operations and quantify the relationship of presentation counts and throughput to the hospital. We are hopeful that others may use these methods, adapting, developing, and testing for their own institutions.
Edge Computing Based Bad Metering Data Detection

False data injection attacks aim at destroying integrity and availability of data in electric metering system. False data detection scheme is of great significance to the secure and stable operation of smart grid. In order to address many security problems caused by false data in smart grid, this paper proposes a collaborative detection model of false data injection attacks based on edge computing, which improves the network structures of traditional metering system and provides the capability of global monitoring and detection function for false data by edge servers in smart grid. The scheme proposes some rules to detect false data injection in electric metering system. Moreover, a reputation mechanism for data collectors is constructed in the paper. The simulation experiments show the validity of proposed scheme.
Regulatory effectiveness and the long-run policy horizon: The case of U.S. toxic chemical use

Abstract This paper employs state-of-the-art time series analysis to examine the long-run economic and institutional drivers of toxic chemical use behavior in the U.S. Toxic chemicals are classified into growth , Environmental Kuznets Curve ( EKC ), and kinked-growth chemicals, according to their long-run use trend behavior. Cointegration analysis shows that while some toxic chemicals have been successfully reduced by regulatory efforts, a majority of the toxic chemicals used in commercial products share a long-run equilibrium with national accounts and industrial production, suggesting that toxic chemical use has been largely driven by changes in GDP, industrial production, and private R&D investments, rather than by government regulations. Estimated structural break results indicate that the 1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, which created the Toxic Release Inventory has had impact on the consumptive use of more poisonous industrial chemicals than command-and-control regulations.
Precision Doping of Polyelectrolyte Complexes: Insight on the Role of Ions

The properties of polyelectrolyte complexes and coacervates, both termed PECs, are influenced strongly by their ion and water content. Water plasticizes PECs, reducing their modulus and glass trans...
Factors that affect protein abundance of the bZIP transcription factor ABRE-BINDING FACTOR 2 (ABF2), a positive regulator of abscisic acid signaling

ABSTRACT Most members of bZIP transcription factor (TF) subgroup A play important roles as positive effectors in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination and/or in vegetative stress responses. In multiple plant species, one member, ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), is a major transcription factor that promotes seed maturation and blocks early seeding growth in response to ABA. Other members, referred to as either ABRE-Binding Factors (ABFs), ABRE-Binding proteins (AREBs), or D3 PROTEIN BINDING FACTORS (DPBFs), are implicated as major players in stress responses during vegetative growth. Studies on the proteolytic regulation of ABI5, ABF1, and ABF3 in Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that the proteins have moderate degradation rates and accumulate in the presence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Exogenous ABA slows their degradation and the ubiquitin E3 ligase called KEEP ON GOING (KEG) is important for their degradation. However, there are some reported differences in degradation among subgroup A members. The conserved C-terminal sequences (referred to as the C4 region) enhance degradation of ABI5 but stabilize ABF1 and ABF3. To better understand the proteolytic regulation of the ABI5/ABFs and determine whether there are differences between vegetative ABFs and ABI5, we studied the degradation of an additional family member, ABF2, and compared its in vitro degradation to that of ABI5. As previously seen for ABI5, ABF1, and ABF3, epitope-tagged constitutively expressed ABF2 degrades in seedlings treated with cycloheximide and is stabilized following treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Tagged ABF2 protein accumulates when seedlings are treated with ABA but its mRNA levels do not increase, suggesting that the protein is stabilized in the presence of ABA. ABF2 is also an in vitro ubiquitination substrate of the E3 ligase KEG and recombinant ABF2 is stable in keg lysates. ABF2 with a C4 deletion degrades more quickly in vitro than full-length ABF2, as previously observed for ABF1 and ABF3, suggesting that the conserved C4 region contributes to its stability. In contrast to ABF2 and consistent with previously published work, ABI5 with C terminal deletions including an analogous C4 deletion is stabilized in vitro compared to full length ABI5. In vivo expression of an ABF1 C4 deletion protein appears to have reduced activity compared to equivalent levels of full length ABF1. Additional group A family members show similar proteolytic regulation by MG132 and ABA. Altogether, these results together with other work on ABI5 regulation suggest that the vegetative ABFs share proteolytic regulatory mechanisms that are not completely shared with ABI5.
On the future of IJSL: trans-collaboration and how to overcome the structural constraints on knowledge production, distribution and dissemination

In this essay, using as a point of departure his dilemma to accept or not the invitation to be a member of IJSL’s Editorial Board, del Valle discusses the limitations that academic publishing places on scholars in the humanities and interpretive social sciences: their choice of objects and analytical protocols, and the modes of distribution and dissemination of their production. The constraints imposed by highly bureaucratized universities and publishing companies are set against the intellectual imperative to build academic fields grounded in equality and inclusion. The essay concludes with some thinly drawn goals towards more dynamic trans-collaborative forms of knowledge production, distribution and dissemination.
Power Dense HTS Networks – Designs For Contingencies and Resiliency of Electric Transport Systems

The ability of HTS cable networks to provide a solution for the high power density requirements of electric transportation applications was explored. The high current density and the temperature-dependent critical current features of HTS cables were shown to allow resilient designs for power distribution in electric transportation applications. Heat loads at the terminations are shown to be the primary challenge. Appropriate designs in terms of ampacities of the current leads are essential in using the beneficial features of HTS cables. Thermal network models were used to understand the implications of using HTS cables to carry the necessary additional current to mitigate contingencies and to aid in the designs of effective HTS cable networks for electric aircraft and ships.
The War on Bribes: The FCPA and the Global Battle to End Corruption

In 1972, investigations following the Watergate break-in uncovered a scandal within the scandal: corporations were using slush funds and manipulating financial statements to disguise bribes to foreign officials for business purposes. The U.S. Congress, led by Senators William Proxmire and Frank Church, effectively declared an all-out war on bribes. Their primary weapon: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, signed into law at the end of 1977 with the explicit purpose of ending corporate bribery of foreign officials. In the decades that followed, the international community joined the battle, with some 40 countries enacting laws similar to the FCPA by 2019. But while enforcement by the Department of Justice and the SEC climbed dramatically in more recent years, the agencies' extensive - and perhaps excessive - use of Deferred- and Non-Prosecution Agreements (DPAs and NPAs, respectively) has blunted the effectiveness of the law in rooting out corruption. This paper argues that efficacy of the FCPA is ultimately a function of enforcement, and that enforcement must address individual wrongdoers with meaningful penalties for the FCPA to have any prayer of achieving its goal.
Strength Versus Sensitivity: The Impact of Attorney Gender on Juror Perceptions and Trial Outcomes in a Rape Case.

We examined the impact of attorney gender on perceptions of a criminal rape trial. Community members (N = 208) read a trial summary describing a rape scenario in which the gender of the prosecuting...
The Ethic of High Expectations

“I understand as well as anyone what people are saying ... [b]ut I can only do my duty by my client to the best of my judgment.” So says Sir William Patterson, the hero of Anthony Trollope’s novel Lady Anna, at a time when he has come under severe criticism. He has just behaved in what seems a most unlawyerly fashion: he has persuaded his client to drop a case that, if successful, would have been worth a good deal of money. He has done so, the Bar believes, because “[i]n lieu of regarding his client, he had taken upon himself to set things right in general, according to his idea of right.” As Lady Anna unfolds, however, it turns out that Sir William has been looking out both for “right in general” and for his client, on whom the opposing party later voluntarily settles a large sum of money. By moving the parties from litigation to trustful reciprocity, Sir William brings about the best possible outcome. Although Lady Anna was written in 1874, Trollope’s portrayal of Sir William has great relevance today. There is perennial debate among legal ethicists about how lawyers should balance their duties to their clients with their responsibilities as moral persons within society. In Lady Anna, Trollope reminds us that while this debate is an important one, there are also time when a far-sighted lawyer can fulfill his duty to his client in a way that benefits everyone involved.
Abstract 236: Trends in Hospitalization for Digoxin Toxicity and Subsequent Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States, 1999-2011

Objective: To characterize changes in rates of hospitalization for digoxin toxicity and trends in the associated mortality and readmission among older adults over a 12-year period in the United States. Methods: We studied 33,952,331 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years or older with a hospital discharge diagnosis of digoxin toxicity in the United States from 1999 to 2011. Outcome measures were rates of hospitalization for digoxin toxicity; in-hospital mortality; 30-day mortality; and 30-day readmission. Results: There were 20,957 hospitalizations for a principal or secondary diagnosis of digoxin toxicity between 1999 and 2011. The rate declined significantly from 15.2 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.7-15.7) in 1999 to 2.1 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 1.9-2.3) in 2011 (p<0.001), representing an adjusted annual decline of 17.0% (95% CI: 16.2-17.0) (Figure 1). Between 1999 and 2011, the observed in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates associated with hospitalization ...
Temporal and spatial regulation of V(D)J recombination: interactions of extrinsic factors with the RAG complex.

In the course of lymphoid development, V(D)J recombination is subject to stringent locus-specific and temporal regulation. These constraints are ultimately responsible for several features peculiar to lymphoid development, including the lineage specificity of antigen receptor assembly, allelic exclusion and receptor editing. In addition, cell cycle phase-dependent regulation of V(D)J recombinase activity ensures that DNA rearrangement is completed by the appropriate mechanism of DNA repair. Regulation of V(D)J recombination involves interactions between the V(D)J recombinase—a heteromeric complex consisting of RAG-1 and RAG-2 subunits—and macromolecular assemblies extrinsic to the recombinase. This chapter will focus on those features of the recombinase itself—and in particular the RAG-2 subunit— that interact with extrinsic factors to establish patterns of temporal control and locus specificity in developing lymphocytes.
Modeling of Failure Modes Induced by Plastic Strain Localization in Dual Phase Steels

Microstructure level inhomogeneity between the harder martensite phase and the softer ferrite phase renders the dual phase (DP) steels more complicated failure mechanisms and associated failure modes compared to the conventionally used low alloy homogenous steels. This paper examines the failure mode DP780 steel and DP 980 steel under different loading conditions using finite element analyses on the microstructure levels. Micro-mechanics analyses based on the actual microstructures of DP steel are performed. The two-dimensional microstructure of DP steel was recorded by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of the ferrite and martensite phases exhibit the dependency of the different chemistry and thermal mechanical processes. The plastic work hardening properties of the ferrite phase was determined by the synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction technique. The work hardening properties of the martensite phase were calibrated and determined based on the uniaxial tensile test results. Under different loading conditions, different failure modes are predicted in the form of plastic strain localization. The local failure mode was closely related to the stress state in the material. Under plane stress condition with free lateral boundary, one dominant shear band develops and leads to final failure of the material. However, if the lateral boundary was strictly constrained,more » splitting failure perpendicular to the loading direction is predicted. On the other hand, under plane strain loading condition, commonly observed necking phenomenon is predicted which leads to the final failure of the material. Numerical predictions were well validated by the experimental.« less