cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tidal currents on the central Oregon shelf: Models, data, and assimilation

[1] Measurements of tidal currents on the central Oregon shelf are available from several sources, including recent high frequency (HF) coastal radar and Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) deployments, and historical current moorings. In this paper we use a generalized inverse (GI) approach to compare these data to, and then assimilate them into, numerical models for the barotropic tides. Harmonic analysis of the data in short time windows using a modified admittance approach reveals that tidal currents on the Oregon shelf are highly variable in time, and can contain significant baroclinic components. Data from the winter months, when waters on the shelf are only weakly stratified, are found to be most nearly barotropic and thus most reasonable for assimilation into the shallow water equations model. The various data sources are used in several different combinations for assimilation and validation. Forcing the prior forward model with normal flow open boundary conditions obtained from a regional barotropic inverse model results in semidiurnal barotropic currents that are consistent (within estimated error limits) with all available data. In contrast, diurnal currents on the shelf are very sensitive to details of the model configuration, and are significantly improved by data assimilation. Very similar solutions result from assimilation of either the HF radar or ADP data sets. The high sensitivity of the diurnal band currents can be understood dynamically in terms of trapped shelf waves. A short (∼85 km long) section of shelf off the central Oregon coast is wide enough to allow first-mode barotropic shelf waves at the subinertial diurnal frequencies. This results in locally resonant large amplitude diurnal tidal currents that are very sensitive to details in the local forcing, and hence quite variable in time.
Simulation of cold-test parameters and RF output power for a coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube

Procedures have been developed which enable the accurate computation of the cold-test (absence of an electron beam) parameters and RF output power for the slow-wave circuits of coupled-cavity traveling-wave tubes (TWT's). The cold-test parameters, which consist of RF phase shift per cavity, impedance, and attenuation, are computed with the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation code MAFIA and compared to experimental data for an existing V-band (59-64 GHz) coupled-cavity TWT. When simulated in cylindrical coordinates, the absolute average differences from experiment are only 0.3% for phase shift and 2.4% for impedance. Using the cold-test parameters calculated with MAFIA as input, the NASA Coupled-Cavity TWT Code is used to simulate the saturated RF output power of the TWT across the V-band frequency range. Taking into account the output window and coupler loss, the agreement with experiment is very good from 60-64 GHz, with the average absolute percentage difference between simulated and measured power only 3.8%. This demonstrates that the saturated RF output power of a coupled cavity TWT can be accurately simulated using cold-test parameters determined with a three dimensional electromagnetic simulation code. >
Genetic Alterations in Thyroid Cancer: The Role of Mouse Models:

Thyroid carcinomas are the most common endocrine neoplasms in humans, with a globally increasing incidence. Thyroid follicular cells and neuroendocrine (parafollicular) C cells are each susceptible to neoplastic transformation, resulting in thyroid cancers of differing phenotypes with unique associated genetic mutations and clinical outcomes. Over the past 15 years, several sophisticated genetically engineered mouse models of thyroid cancer have been created to further our understanding of the genetic events leading to thyroid carcinogenesis in vivo. The most significant mouse models of papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid carcinoma are highlighted, with particular emphasis on the relationship between the relevant oncogenes in these models and genetic events in the naturally occurring human disease. Limitations of each model are presented, and the need for additional models to better recapitulate certain aspects of the human disease is discussed.
FTIR study of deuterated montmorillonites; structural features relevant to pillared clay stability

FTIR studies of six partially-deuterated montmorillonites (MS) reveal the presence of two O- D stretching bands, one between 2702-2728 cm ~ and another near 2680 cm -~ . For homoionic (Li, Na, Mg, Ca, or La) Wyoming-type MS, the position of the higher frequency band, designated as (O--O)h , is between 2714-2728 cm -t, whereas for homoionic Cheto-type MS it is between 2702-2706 cm -l. The lower frequency band, designated as (O-D)~, is in the narrow range of 2674-2684 cm ~. Resolution of two corresponding O-H bands, appearing near 3670 and 3635 cm -~, was observed only after partial dehydroxylation of the smectites. The changes in the relative intensities of the two O-D stretching bands as a function of the smectite type and of the Lewis acidity (charge density) of the exchangeable ion were determined. For Wyoming-type MS, the intensity of the (O-D)h band is much lower than that of the (O- D)t band, whereas for Cheto-type MS, the intensity of the (O-D)h band is about equal or slightly higher than that of the (O-D)z band. The observed resolution can be ascribed tentatively to the presence of (at least) two types of octahedral OH groups in the smectites, the (O-D)h band being assigned to A1MgOH and the (O-D)~ band to A1A1OH groups. Pillaring of Cheto-type MS with hydroxy-Al~3 oligocations resulted in products showing much higher thermal stability between 400-600~ compared to that of identically pillared Wyoming-type MS. Compositional and other factors, e.g., CEC values and mode of pillaring, may cause this difference in stability.
Cloud Sustainability Dashboard

Cloud computing is gaining in popularity [1]. At the same time, the global community is becoming increasingly conscious about sustainability [2]. While intuitively Cloud computing, due to resource consolidation and virtualization, economies of large scale, delivery on demand, etc., has the potential to be more sustainable than well tuned data centers, this is not guaranteed. To evaluate and understand Cloud sustainability, we propose the Cloud Sustainability Dashboard (CSD), which models and assesses the overall sustainability impact of services hosted in the Cloud. We employ our approach to empirically evaluate the sustainability of Open Cirrus, an open source Cloud computing environment.
Design of a LOGO Environment for Elementary Geometry

One rationale for Logo programming is that students will learn geometry for utilizing concepts that aid them in understanding and directing the Logo turtle’s movements. Research on this claim has yielded mixed results; however, an analysis of these research findings provides significant guidance in the teaching and learning of geometry with Logo. This article (a) reviews the body of research that led to the design of a new Logo environments tailored for elementary students’ learning of geometry; (b) describes this environment, Geo-Logo, and its connections to this research corpus; and (c) presents empirical data from the first field test of the environment, which generally support the efficacy of the design. Logo was developed to serve as a conceptual framework for the learning of mathematics. Therefore, one rationale for Logo programming is that students will learn geometry by utilizing concepts that aid them in understanding and directing the Logo turtle’s movements. Research on this claim has yielded mixed results; however, an analysis of these findings provides significant guidance in the teaching and learning of geometry with Logo. We are engaged in a large-scale curriculum development project, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), that emphasizes meaningful mathematical problems and depth rather than exposure. Our responsibility is developing the geometry and spatial sense strands. Students will engage in investigations involving a wide range of approaches and materials; we are designing a modified Logo environment specifically for the project. We based the design on curricular considerations and a number of research implications for the learning and teaching of geometric concepts with turtle graphics (Clements & Battista, 1991; Time to prepare this material also was partially provided by National Science Foundation Research Grant NSF ES1 9050210, “Investigations in Number, Data, and Space: An Elementary Mathematics Curriculum,” a cooperative project among the University of Buffalo, Rent State University, Technical Education Center, and Southeastern Massachusetts University and by National Science Foundation Research Grant NSF MDR-8954664, “An Investigation of the Development of Elementary Children’s Geometric Thinking in Computer and Noncomputer.” Correspondence and requests for reprints should be sent to Douglas H. Clements, State University of New York, 593 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260.
FEAR OF CRIME AMONG THE ELDERLY: SOME ISSUES AND SUGGESTIONS*

This paper provides a review of the literature on fear of crime among the elderly and its determinants, and a conceptual framework within which to locate the strengths and weaknesses of these works. Variations in fear among elderly of similar backgrounds and residential settings are discussed, along with the fact that although the elderly comprise the most fearful age group, they are actually the least victimized age group. I also argue that the major problems with the existing literature on the effects of fear of crime are the scarcity of research on fear of crime—and the consequences of that fear—and the lack of temporal order with respect to fear and related behaviors.
Cytoskeleton-dependent Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the p130Cas Family Member HEF1 Downstream of the G Protein-coupled Calcitonin Receptor CALCITONIN INDUCES THE ASSOCIATION OF HEF1, PAXILLIN, AND FOCAL ADHESION KINASE

HEF1 is a recently described p130Cas-like docking protein that contains one SH3 domain and multiple SH2 binding motifs. In B cells, HEF1 is phosphorylated by a cytoskeleton-dependent mechanism that is triggered by integrin ligation. However, the induction of HEF1 phosphorylation by G protein-coupled receptors has not been reported. We found that HEF1, but not p130Cas, is tyrosine-phosphorylated following stimulation of the rabbit C1a calcitonin receptor stably expressed in HEK-293 cells. The calcitonin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of HEF1 increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had little or no effect on HEF1 phosphorylation, and the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 failed to detectably inhibit the response to calcitonin, indicating that the Gs/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway does not mediate the calcitonin effect. Pertussis toxin, which selectively blocks Gi/o signaling, also had no effect. Increasing cytosolic Ca2+ with ionomycin stimulated HEF1 phosphorylation and preventing any calcitonin-induced change in cytosolic calcium by a combination of BAPTA and extracellular EGTA completely blocked the calcitonin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of HEF1. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also induced HEF1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and the protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C completely inhibited both calcitonin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated HEF1 phosphorylation. Calcitonin also induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase, and the association of these two proteins with HEF1. Pretreatment with cytochalasin D, which disrupts actin microfilaments, prevented the calcitonin-induced HEF1 and paxillin phosphorylation. In conclusion, the calcitonin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of HEF1 is mediated by calcium- and protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms and requires the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton.
Large dense-core vesicle exocytosis in PC12 cells.

A current major challenge in the study of regulated exocytosis is the identification of essential proteins that mediate the transit of secretory vesicles through trafficking stages such as recruitment, docking, and fusion. Defining the physiological roles and mechanisms of action of these essential proteins is paramount. The reconstitution of stages of regulated exocytosis in cell-free systems provides the opportunity to identify required proteins and establish their stage-specific mechanisms of action. PC12 cells, clonal cell lines of adrenal medullary origin, possess large dense-core vesicles that retain their competence for regulated exocytosis in a variety of permeable cell and isolated membrane preparations. We describe several cell-free systems for studies of regulated exocytosis derived from PC12 cells.
The Influence of Repeated Exposure to the Student Success Skills Program on Middle School Students’ Feelings of Connectedness, Behavioral and Metacognitive Skills, and Reading Achievement

The authors of the current study examined the influence of repeated exposure to the Student Success Skills (SSS) counseling intervention program on feelings of connectedness, behavioral and metacognitive skills, and reading achievement for 201 students in a predominately Hispanic, low-income middle school district in the Southwest United States. Results from multiple path analyses indicated model fits based on SSS participation for behavioral regulation for the treatment group, feelings of connectedness for females in the treatment group, and reading growth for low-achieving students.
Social Traps and the Problem of Trust

Social Traps and the Problem of Trust. By Bo Rothstein. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 256p. $80.00 cloth, $30.99 paper. How do you get from Moscow to Stockholm? That is, how do you create efficient, honest government like that of Sweden as opposed to the incompetence and corruption found in Russia? This question drives Bo Rothstein into an analysis of the causes of social traps—situations where actors cannot cooperate due to mutual distrust, even if cooperation is mutually beneficial. Eliminating social traps requires generalized trust, that is, social capital. How does one engender trust? Robert Putnam, both in Making Democracy Work (1993) and Bowling Alone (2001), argues that social capital is created through civil society, a process that bubbles up through history and culture. Rothstein takes this view to task for not analytically distinguishing between associations (a behavior) and trust (a belief), for it is really the belief that needs to be generated. Trust, in his view, need not evolve organically from below; it can be generated from above by establishing efficient political institutions. If public officials are corrupt, citizens will infer that people in general are dishonest and behave dishonestly themselves. Thus, social traps are sprung. The reverse is also true: Honest governance begets social trust.
The Influence of Sex-Role Identity and Occupational Attainment on the Psychological Well-Being of Asian American Women

This study examined the extent to which sex-role identity as defined by Bem's typology is related to occupational attainment, self-esteem, and work satisfaction for 161 employed Asian American women. Three major hypotheses were tested: (a) Masculine and androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of occupational attainment than those with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role identity; (b) androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity; and (c) the higher the level of occupational attainment secured by Asian American women, the greater their work satisfaction and the higher their self-esteem. As predicted, sex-role identity was significantly related to occupational attainment. Androgynous Asian American women and those with a high level of occupational attainment had a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity...
Structural requirements and reaction pathways in methane activation and chemical conversion catalyzed by rhodium

Abstract Kinetic and isotopic tracer methods led to a simple and unifying mechanistic proposal for reactions of CH 4 with CO 2 and H 2 O, for its decomposition on Rh clusters, and for water–gas shift reactions. Kinetic rates for forward reactions were measured by correcting net rates for approach to equilibrium and by eliminating transport artifacts. These rates were proportional to CH 4 pressure (5–450 kPa) and independent of CO 2 or H 2 O pressures (5–450 kPa) on all supported Rh catalysts; the resulting first-order rate constants were identical for H 2 O and CO 2 reforming and for CH 4 decomposition. Kinetic isotope effects ( k CH 4 / k CD 4 =1.54–1.60) were also independent of the concentration or identity of the co-reactant, consistent with the sole kinetic relevance of CH bond activation steps. These data indicate that co-reactant activation and its kinetic coupling with CH 4 activation via scavenging of chemisorbed carbon intermediates are fast steps and lead to Rh surfaces essentially uncovered by reactive intermediates during H 2 O and CO 2 reforming. CO oxidation rates before and after reforming reactions showed that Rh surfaces remain uncovered by unreactive species during reforming catalysis under conditions relevant to industrial practice. CH 4 conversion rates for CH 4 /CD 4 /CO 2 reactant mixtures are much faster than CH 4− x D x formation rates, indicating that CH bond activation elementary steps are irreversible. CH 4 /CO 2 /D 2 reactant mixtures led to binomial isotopomer distributions in dihydrogen and water at all reactant conversions. Their D contents were identical and corresponded to equilibration between all H atoms in reacted CH 4 and all D 2 in the inlet stream. Thus, recombinative desorption steps of H atoms and OH groups to form H 2 or H 2 O are quasi-equilibrated during CH 4 reforming. 12 CH 4 / 12 CO 2 / 13 CO mixtures led to identical 13 C contents in CO and CO 2 , as expected from quasi-equilibrated CO 2 activation steps. The quasi-equilibrated nature of all these steps requires that water–gas shift reactions also be at equilibrium during CH 4 reforming, as found experimentally. CH 4 reforming turnover rates increased as the size of Rh clusters supported on Al 2 O 3 or ZrO 2 decreased, suggesting that coordinatively unsaturated Rh surface atoms prevalent in smaller clusters activate CH bonds more effectively than atoms on lower-index surfaces, as also found on single-crystal surfaces. Turnover rates do not depend on the identity of the support; any involvement of the support in the activation of co-reactants is not kinetically relevant.
Surgical Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing Mastectomy With and Without Reconstruction for Breast Cancer

METHODS: The American College of Surgeons NSQIP database was used to examine comorbidities and 30-day complication rates in mastectomy patients from 2007-2012. Patients were grouped by age and reconstruction. Complication rates were characterized using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon rank sum-test. Variable frequencies were compared using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, with a 2-sided p value of 0.05.
The Need for Precise and Well-documented Experimental Data on Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra from Neutron-induced Fission of 239Pu

The spectrum of neutrons emitted promptly after 239Pu(n,f)—a so-called prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS)—is a quantity of high interest, for instance, for reactor physics and global security. However, there are only few experimental data sets available that are suitable for evaluations. In addition, some of those data sets differ by more than their 1-σ uncertainty boundaries. We present the results of MCNP studies indicating that these differences are partly caused by underestimated multiple scattering contributions, over-corrected background, and inconsistent deconvolution methods. A detailed uncertainty quantification for suitable experimental data was undertaken including these effects, and test-evaluations were performed with the improved uncertainty information. The test-evaluations illustrate that the inadequately estimated effects and detailed uncertainty quantification have an impact on the evaluated PFNS and associated uncertainties as well as the neutron multiplicity of selected critical assemblies. A summary of data and documentation needs to improve the quality of the experimental database is provided based on the results of simulations and test-evaluations. Furthermore, given the possibly substantial distortion of the PFNS by multiple scattering and background effects, special care should be taken to reduce these effects in future measurements, e.g., by measuring the 239Pu PFNS as a ratio to either the 235Umore » or 252Cf PFNS.« less
Hydranencephaly and Maximal Hydrocephalus

Hydrancencephaly is generally accepted to be an anomaly of the central nervous system in which the cerebral hemispheres have been largely replaced with fluid-filled membranous sacs. The overlying meninges, cranium, and skin are intact, and in most cases the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebellum are relatively preserved. Although the morphological characteristics of hydranencephaly have been well described, the etiology for the condition remains uncertain. In particular, the relationship between hydranencephaly and maximal hydrocephalus remains undefined.
1.15 Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds by Main-Group Element Mediators

Common methods for the olefination of carbonyl compounds founded on the use of organosulfur, organophosphorus, organosilicon, and organoboron nucleophiles are reviewed with an emphasis on stereoselectivity and strategic applications in target-directed synthesis. The historical development of each olefination method is charted alongside current mechanistic models and best practices for proper implementation. Factors affecting reaction efficacy and stereoselectivity are described in detail with examples that illustrate potential pitfalls and solutions to commonly encountered synthetic problems. Significant variants are also described, including specialized reagents for niche applications, the use of nontraditional electrophiles, and enantioselective methodology. The olefination methods significantly featured are the sulfur-mediated Julia–Lythgoe and Julia–Kocienski olefinations, the phosphorus-mediated Wittig, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons, and Horner–Wittig reactions, the silicon-mediated Peterson olefination, and the boron-Wittig reaction. Literature coverage is through to mid-2012.
Surface acoustic waves on real surfaces

A survey is given of recent work on acoustic excitations localized in the vicinity of a rough surface. The rough surfaces considered, which would all be planar in the absence of the roughness, are of three kinds: (a) a planar surface with an isolated protuberance on it; (b) a periodically corrugated surface; and (c) a randomly rough surface. The first kind of roughness gives rise to surface shape resonances, i.e. to modes that are spatially localized in the vicinity of the surface perturbation and that are characterized by discrete frequencies. Waves localized to the surface can propagate across surfaces of the second and third kinds. The effects of the roughness on their dispersion curves are described. Experimental results bearing on the theoretical results obtained are presented.
Racial and ethnic disparities in cost-related medication non-adherence among cancer survivors

Cancer survivors are delaying or avoiding necessary care due to costs, and medication non-adherence is an important aspect of deferred treatment. This study estimates the prevalence of cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) by race and ethnicity and examines factors associated with CRN among cancer survivors. Using the 2006–2013 National Health Interview Survey, we examine self-reported CRN among cancer survivors compared with cancer-free controls. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with CRN among cancer survivors. In a nationally representative sample of 472,542 adults, 10,998 participants reported a history of cancer and 461,544 did not. Among 10,998 cancer survivors, 1397 (12.70 %) reported CRN. Among older cancer survivors, African-Americans were 2.64 times more likely (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.73 to 4.01) and Hispanics 2.07 times more likely (95 % CI, 1.32 to 3.24) than whites to report CRN. Among younger cancer survivors, Hispanics were 1.61 times more likely (95 % CI, 1.23 to 2.10) than whites to report CRN. Significant racial and ethnic disparities in CRN were evident among cancer survivors. Older African-American and Hispanic overall survivors were more likely to report CRN in the past year compared with non-Hispanic whites. Given increasing prescription drug expenditure, it is important to closely monitor CRN in high-risk subgroups. Racial and ethnic minority groups at high risk for CRN should be counseled on the importance of medication adherence and offered support services to promote medication adherence. Further studies are warranted to establish effective policies and interventions in vulnerable populations.
Parameter Space Reduction and Sensitivity Analysis in Complex Thermal Subsurface Production Processes

As conventional resources for liquid fuels in the world become scarcer and less secure, there is a need to develop other feasible resources. Oil shale is a massive resource local to the United States for potential liquid fuel production. In situ oil shale processing strategies are attractive for reduced environmental impact (in comparison to surface production operations) and provide access to resources inaccessible to mining. The efficiency of feasible and economical development is greatly enhanced with predictive power that is both efficient and accurate. However, modeling thermal subsurface processes is a complex problem, involving many simultaneously occurring physical phenomena. In this study, an oil reservoir simulator capable of representing thermal processes was used to explore the impact and interplay of various pertinent parameters to an in situ oil shale processing strategy. A statistical methodology was developed using designed factorial experiments (simulations) to expose probable dominating ...
A Comparison of Bupivacaine and Tetracaine in Spinal Anesthesia

glucose free な0.5% bupivacaine (marcain®)を脊椎麻酔に使用し, tetracaine の高比重液による場合と比較検討した. その結果 tetracaine に較べ, 麻酔持続時間は7.2時間と有意に長く, 合併症としての血圧低下, 悪心, 嘔吐は極めて少ないので, 臨床的にも広い適応をもつと考えられる.
Research on rapid propagation and the endogenous hormones change of Cercidiphyllum japonicum

In this paper,the rapid propagation of Cercidiphyllum japonicum and the change of endogenous hormones in rooting culture were researched.The result showed that MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+GA3 1.0 mg/L+cane sugar 30 g/L+agar 7.0 g/L+pH 6.0 was optimum for multiplication;1/2MS+IBA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+cane sugar 30 g/L+agar 7.0 g/L+ pH 6.0 was optimum medium for root culture;the high level of IAA and low level of GA3,CTK,ABA can be in favor of rooting.
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Masquerading as Hypernephroma With Lung Metastases

AbstractWe report a case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, a clinicopathologic entity characterized by angiocentric, angiodestructive and lymphoreticular proliferation, which was mistaken for a classical solid renal neoplasm with lung metastases.
[Clinical characteristics, prognosis and genetic susceptibility of herpes simplex encephalitis in children].

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) in childhood and to analyze genotype of UNC93B1 and TLR3. Method Data of a total of 30 HSE patients admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2008 to September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, the data included clinical manifestations, physical sign, auxiliary examination, therapy and long-term clinical prognosis. The family history obtained during follow-up visit was also analyzed for genetic predisposition. With parents' agreement, the blood specimens of patients were collected in EDTA anticoagulant tubes, the first 2 genetic etiologies UNC93B1 and TLR3 were sequenced, and the genetic susceptibility to HSE in childhood was summarized. Result (1)All the 30 patients (100%) had fever, 28 (93%) had seizure, 25(83%)had altered state of consciousness, only 11(37%)had personality changes, and in 8 (73%) appeared at or after 2 weeks of onset. (2) During the long-term follow up, 2 (7%) patients died after discharge, 23 patients (82%) had neurological sequelae, 13 patients (57%) had moderate, severe disability and vegetative state. (3)After sequencing of UNC93B1, and TLR3, one patient was found homozygous for a single-nucleotide substitution at position C. 414C>G in exon 4 of UNC93B1 which affected the expression of UNC93B1, and may block or decrease the production of interferon. (4) Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in this study, their genotype frequency and gene frequency of Chinese were respectively searched in Genomes Project in NCBI and defined 1 000 genomes group. The genotype frequency of UNC93B1 rs7149 between 1 000 genomes group and HSE group was significantly different (χ2=55.37, P<0.05). The frequency of CC type and C type was higher in HSE group, both of them had significant difference (χ2=93.90, P<0.05, OR=61.563; χ2=134.40, P<0.05, OR=12.491). Conclusion HSE lacks specific clinical manifestations, the long-term prognosis is poor. One HSE patient carrying a heterozygous mutation in UNC93B1 which may lead to the susceptibility to HSE and had harmful effect on long-term prognosis. The SNP UNC93B1 rs7149 may also have relationship with susceptibility to HSE and the children carrying CC genotype or C gene in this gene site maybe more susceptible to HSE. Key words: Encephalitis, herpes simplex; Child; Follow-up studies; Genetic predisposition to disease
The imaging study of internal mammary artery and its branches

Objective To investigate the distribution of the internal mammary artery and its branches by the multi-slice spiral CT angiography,and to explore the feasibility of transferring pedicled transverse rectus abdomials myocataneous (TRAM) flap for breast reconstruction through resection of inferior costicartilages.Methods 30 female patients received abdominal CT angiography.①The distance between internal mammary artery and the sternum midline were recorded; ② The position and the numbers of branches from bilateral internal mammary arteries at the level of 5th,6th,7th rib was observed; ③ The points where the superior epigastric artery gets through the rectus abdominis muscle were located.Results ① The average distance between left internal mammary artery to the sternum midline is from 1.66 cm (0.62-2.39 cm) to 2.34 cm (0.69-3.36 cm) at the level from 4th to 6th intercostal space.The average distance between right internal mammary artery to the sternum midline is from 1.55 cn (0.66-2.29 cm) to 2.29 cm(0.73-3.67 cm) at the level from 4th to 6th intercostal space; ② The number of branches is the most at the level of 6th intercostal space; ③ There are 235 branches in the superior epigastric artery.Conclusions This imaging study of internal mammary artery explores the feasibility of transferring pedicled transverse rectus abdominals myocataneous flap for breast reconstruction.It has important significance in the breast reconstruction using TRAM flap with lengthened pedicle. Key words: Internal mammary artery; Superior epigastric artery; Surgical flaps; Mammaplasty
Gluconeogenesis in the lactating dairy cow.

A mixture of [14C] amino acids was administered intravenously to a lactating dairy cow, and the appearance of 14C in various constituents of the blood and and milk was followed over the subsequent 16 hours. About 9 per cent of the labelled amino acids was converted into milk protein, but the milk lactose also became radioactive to an extent indicating that about 12 per cent of the lactose was formed by gluconeogenesis from protein. The ketogenesis necessarily accompanying this process would lead to the synthesis of 50 to 60 g. per day of ketone bodies in the average lactating dairy cow.
Applications of Single-Type Branching Processes

Two applications of single-type branching process theory to population and epidemic processes are presented. The first application is to an epidemic model with susceptible, infectious, and recovered individuals in which there is only temporary immunity to reinfection. In the branching process approximation, the infectious stage is modeled by a birth and death process. Branching process theory provides an estimate for the probability of a major outbreak. Whittle in 1955 was the first to apply this theory in an epidemic setting [38]. The second application is to a classic competition model for two species.
Contested collectives: The struggle to define the “we” in the 1995 Québec referendum

This paper is a rhetorical analysis of a definitive moment in the evolution of Quebecois and Canadian national identity. The October 1995 referendum campaign provided a platform for the (re)constitution and (re)development of notions of “peoplehood” and “nationness”. Using as text the campaign posters, speeches, activities and partisan news coverage, I have traced the way these concepts were altered and expanded. By the time the referendum was over, new meanings for these terms had been renegotiated. The notion of a Quebecois people was popularly validated, and a renaissance of Canadian national spirit was in evidence. The position of Quebec as immigrant and “ethnic” communities was left ambiguous.
Multi-sector Partnerships in Disaster Housing Recovery: An Examination of Housing Development Approaches in India

Post-disaster recovery is inextricably linked with housing and livelihoods recovery. However, there is a dearth of studies that systematically discuss a country’s multi-sector partnership arrangements in the context of disaster housing recovery. To fill this gap, the authors examine housing policy changes in India through the lens of housing recovery programs initiated in the aftermath of the Killari earthquake in the Latur district of Maharashtra in 1993, the Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat in 2001, and the Great Tsunami of 2004 in the Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. Since the early 1990s under the flagship of the housing reform movement in India and inspired by global disaster risk reduction strategies, the adoption of public-private-nonprofit partnerships in housing recovery packages have been steadily evolving, and strongly encouraged. This chapter highlights the various approaches adopted in three states of India. The challenges of choosing and implementing owner driven, donor assisted participatory or subsidiary housing approaches, and village adoption, relocation and matching programs, in disaster impacted communities are detailed. The case studies demonstrate lessons learned and suggest improvements to foster synergistic multi-sector partnerships for housing recovery that are self-sustaining and intertwined with overall economic development objectives of communities.
A review of mallet finger and jersey finger injuries in the athlete.

Purpose of review The purposes of this review are to discuss the diagnosis and management of mallet and jersey finger injuries in athletes and to highlight how treatment impacts return to play.
Scattering Problems and Stationary Waves

The stationary incoming wave u with the wave number k is a solution to the perturbed Helmholtz equation (scattering by medium) \(Au - k^{2}u = 0\,\mathrm{in}\,\mathbb{R}^{3}\)
Chronic exposure to tetracyclines and subsequent diagnosis for non-melanoma skin cancer in a large Midwestern U.S. patient population.

Tetracyclines (TCNs) are commonly used in the management of several chronic dermatological disorders, partly due to their affinity for inflamed skin tissue, as they are known to suppress cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 that are typically involved in inflammatory skin disorders.1 TCNs are known to be photoreactive following ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, a known risk factor for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), notably basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).2 Previous studies examining the relationship between photoreactive medications, including psoralen compounds and sulfonamide moieties, and NMSC suggest an association. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Real, Cardinal, and Ordinal Numbers

A brief development of the construction of the real numbers is given in terms of equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of rational numbers. This construction is based on the assumption that properties of the rational numbers, including the integers, are known.
Myasthenia gravis with antibodies to MuSK: an update

Myasthenia gravis with antibodies to the muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK+ MG) is a rare disease with distinctive pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features. An acute onset and predominant bulbar muscle weakness are very common and highly suggestive of the disease. On the other hand, a more indolent course, atypical ocular presentation, and signs of cholinergic hyperactivity may complicate the diagnosis. Though MuSK+ MG is still a severe disease, over the years we have observed a steady reduction in the rate of respiratory crisis and a significant improvement in the clinical outcome, both likely related to earlier diagnosis and timely treatment. Despite the improved management, MuSK+ MG patients tend to remain dependent on long-term immunosuppressive treatment and may develop permanent disabling weakness. In uncontrolled studies, B cell depletion with rituximab proved effective in most patients with refractory disease, inducing prolonged clinical responses associated with a sustained reduction of serum antibody levels. Promising results from experimental studies and case reports suggest that both 3,4-diaminopyridine and albuterol may be effective as symptomatic agents.
Cross-Linked Peptide Nanoclusters for Delivery of Oncofetal Antigen as a Cancer Vaccine.

Peptide subunit vaccines are desirable because they increase control over the immune response and safety of the vaccine by reducing the risk of off-target responses to molecules other than the target antigen. The immunogenicity of most peptides, however, is low. Peptide nanoclusters (PNC) are proposed as a subunit peptide vaccine delivery system made completely of cross-linked peptide antigen that could improve the immunogenicity of a peptide vaccine. Proof of concept is demonstrated with oncofetal antigen (OFA), an immature laminin receptor protein expressed by many hematologic cancer cells but not by healthy cells. Peptide epitopes from this protein, called OFA 1, 2, and 3, were synthesized into PNC as a potential cancer peptide vaccine delivery system. PNC were formed by desolvation and stabilized with disulfide bonds using a trithiol cross-linker. Cysteines were added to the C-terminus of each peptide to assist in this cross-linking step, denoted OFA 1C, 2C, and 3C PNC. OFA 2C was found to form the sm...
Dulaglutide 1.5 mg as an add‐on option for patients uncontrolled on insulin: Subgroup analysis by age, duration of diabetes and baseline glycated haemoglobin concentration

Aims To assess efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 1.5 mg combined with insulin, categorized by subgroups of baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; ≤9% and >9% [≤74.9 and >74.9 mmol/mol]), age ( Materials and methods This pooled analysis was conducted in a population of patients with T2D with similar baseline characteristics who were included in the AWARD-4 and AWARD-9 clinical trials and randomized to dulaglutide 1.5 mg (pooled mean baseline age 59 years, duration of diabetes 13 years, HbA1c 8.4% [68.3 mmol/mol]). Weight and hypoglycaemia were analysed by individual trial. In AWARD-4, dulaglutide plus lispro three times daily was assessed against glargine plus lispro three times daily. In AWARD-9, dulaglutide added to glargine was assessed against placebo added to glargine. Insulins were titrated to target in both trials. Results A total of 445 patients were included in this analysis (73% with HbA1c ≤9%, 27% [≤74.9 mmol/mol] with HbA1c >9% [>74.9 mmol/mol]; 70% aged 9% (>74.9 mmol/mol) (range - 1.3% to -2.5% [-14.2 to -27.3 mmol/mol]). The incidence rates of documented symptomatic and severe hypoglycaemia were similar in all subgroups in both trials. The most common adverse events observed in each trial were gastrointestinal in nature. Conclusion Dulaglutide 1.5 mg combined with basal or prandial insulin is efficacious for patients with T2D irrespective of age, duration of diabetes or baseline HbA1c.
Evaluating Preparation Programs for School Counselors and Psychologists

Pressures to evaluate teacher preparation programs are always present. Accountability, pertinence, and usefulness are normal reasons to expect ongoing evaluation. In the preparation of school counselors and school psychologists, however, the demands for evaluation are unique. Aubrey (1982) lists three forces that threaten the survival of graduate counseling programs. These are 1. the American public’s lack of confidence in evaluation, 2. the nation’s economy and the fiscal outlook for the next few years, and 3. the social and political conservatism of the present time.
Other Possibilities of Marine Energy Conversion

The differences in solar influx in various parts of the ocean induce water temperature and salinity changes that lead to the constitution of water bodies with different characteristics. Such dissimilarities associated or not with the other forces, which act on the oceanic masses, create marine currents. The expression marine currents covers a whole set of extremely complex water movements and exchanges between different oceanic regions. Marine currents can be permanent or seasonal, both in magnitude and direction, and are very difficult to observe and study because of their superimposition on the general oceanic circulation of many local transient phenomena. The energy in a marine current is utilized in the same manner as the wind energy. Although the medium for the utilization of marine currents is water, the turbines are more like wind turbines than water turbines. The reason for this is that no dams are built as for water turbines because no potential head is available and only a part of the kinetic energy in the current is extracted.
Training future clinicians: An interprofessional approach to treating tobacco use and dependence.

The high prevalence of smoking among persons with mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders has not changed in the past decade despite a decline in smoking among the general populatio...
Arthroscopy versus arthrotomy for the treatment of septic knee arthritis.

Abstract Purpose To compare complications following arthroscopy and arthrotomy for treatment of septic knee arthritis. Methods Patients undergoing arthroscopy and arthrotomy for a diagnosis of septic knee arthritis were identified in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and placed in a multivariate analysis to determine if type of surgery contributed to postoperative complications. Results Knee arthrotomy was associated with an increased risk for increased operative time [Parameter estimate 4.555 (95% CI:3.023–6.085); p Conclusions Knee arthrotomy was associated with a higher risk of complications.
Accuracy in Reporting of Kentucky Certified Nurse-Midwives as Attendants in Birth Registration Data.

INTRODUCTION Birth certificate data are used nationally to determine health care policy and health care reimbursement and to demonstrate the legitimacy and value of certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) in perinatal and neonatal outcomes. However, the validity of birth certificate data is questionable, in part because of the data collection process. These data are particularly crucial for midwife-attended births because the correct birth attendant is not always accurately identified on the birth certificate. The purpose of this project was to examine the actual number of CNM-reported births compared with those recorded by the Kentucky Office of Vital Statistics and to examine the process used by birth registrars to complete the birth certificate. METHODS CNMs attending births in hospitals in Kentucky in 2017 logged their birth statistics. These numbers were compared with the 2017 Kentucky Vital Statistics Birth Certificate data of CNM-attended births. Kentucky birth registrars (50%) who work in facilities where CNMs attend births completed a 32-question survey to describe their process of collecting birth certificate data. RESULTS The comparison data revealed that CNM-attended births in Kentucky are underrepresented in the state vital statistics by as much as 19.2%. Birth registrars identified barriers to collecting accurate data including lack of training, multiple sources of data, incomplete prenatal records, and absence of systems to help ensure accuracy. DISCUSSION CNMs/CMs should keep personal and practice birth logs and routinely compare these with hospital data kept by the birth registrar. The state office of vital statistics and hospitals should target training to specific facilities that have the most inaccurate data. The Improving Midwifery Birth Numbers Initiative through the American College of Nurse-Midwives Division of Research Data Management Section should continue to encourage midwifery students to complete this research in all 50 states.
Engineering gender-inclusivity into software: ten teams' tales from the trenches

Although the need for gender-inclusivity in software is gaining attention among SE researchers and SE practitioners, and at least one method (GenderMag) has been published to help, little has been reported on how to make such methods work in real-world settings. Real-world teams are ever-mindful of the practicalities of adding new methods on top of their existing processes. For example, how can they keep the time costs viable? How can they maximize impacts of using it? What about controversies that can arise in talking about gender? To find out how software teams "in the trenches" handle these and similar questions, we collected the GenderMag-based processes of 10 real-world software teams---more than 50 people---for periods ranging from 5 months to 3.5 years. We present these teams' insights and experiences in the form of 9 practices, 2 potential pitfalls, and 2 open issues, so as to provide their insights to other real-world software teams trying to engineer gender-inclusivity into their software products.
Cascaded metamaterial polarizers for the visible region.

Polarizers serve many application fields such as imaging, display technology, and telecommunications. Focusing on the visible spectral region, we provide the design and fabrication of compact high-efficiency resonant polarizers in the crystalline silicon-on-quartz material system. We experimentally verify the improved efficiency attained by a cascaded dual-module polarizer assembled with building blocks of elemental subwavelength grating structures. We obtain a measured extinction ratio (ER) of ∼3000 in a 2 mm thick stacked prototype device across a bandwidth of ∼110nm in the 570–680 nm spectral domain. The ridge width of the constituent nanograting is ∼84nm. Computed results show a high ER in spite of the lossy nature of crystalline silicon in the visible region, enabling cascaded metasurfaces while preserving high transmission.
Against climate apartheid: Confronting the persistent legacies of expendability for climate justice:

While the uneven causes and impacts of climate change are widely known, it is also becoming evident that many elements of the response to the climate crisis are also reinforcing discrimination, seg...