cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Parkinson’s Disease Motor Symptoms: A Wireless Motion Sensing Approach

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by its hallmark motor symptoms of bradykinesia and tremor. Numerous studies have suggested novel quantification methods of its symptoms. However, there lacks the means to accurately assess improvements in an intraoperative setting during deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implantation. This study introduces a methodology to quantify selected PD motor symptoms in such a restrictive environment using a wireless Leap Motion sensor. The result suggests that utilizing the Leap Motion sensor intraoperatively is feasible for quantifying motor parameters for bradykinesia and resting tremor of a PD patient.
Active metasurfaces for time modulation and reconfigurable wavefront control

I will discuss the status and outlook for electronically tunable and reconfigurable dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces whose elements are arbitrarily reprogrammable, enabling a wide array of functions, including steering, focusing, and frequency multiplexing of scattered radiation.
Uncertain Recording Act Priority

Our real estate recording act makes priority depend not only on the objective question of which of two rival interests was recorded first, but also on the subjective consideration of the equities of one of the parties (usually the one who took second but recorded first) — i.e., on whether she gave value or was without notice of the other (was “in good faith”).
Phenological responsiveness and fecundity decline near the southern range limit of Trientalis borealis (Primulaceae)

In boreal species, populations at a southern range edge are at risk of being extirpated due to rising temperatures from climate change and potentially from demographic factors that affect small populations. The ability to track climate through phenological responsiveness can affect survival and reproductive success, with implications for long-term population persistence. This study examines phenological responsiveness and fecundity in populations of an understory plant species, Trientalis borealis, in the Midwestern USA using herbarium specimens and field observations. Date of flowering was well predicted by the mean May temperature. We detected a shift in the mean flowering date for populations north of latitude 45° N of an average of 1.4 days earlier per decade. We did not find shifts in mean flowering date for populations south of 45° N. Trientalis borealis exhibits phenological responsiveness differently in different parts of its range. In populations north of latitude 45° N, T. borealis advances its date of flowering, on average, by approximately 3 days for every 1 °C increase in mean May temperature. In populations south of 45° N, T. borealis advances its flowering date less than 1 day for every 1 °C increase in mean May temperature. Flowering and seed set increased along a latitudinal gradient away from the range edge. If population growth is limited by seed production in this species, this suggests that populations near the southern range limit are not performing well, perhaps due to direct effects of warming, a lack of phenological responsiveness that exacerbates exposure to warming, or a lack of genetic diversity.
Heat Fluxes, Whitecaps, and Sea Spray

The exchange of moisture and sensible heat between the atmosphere and the earth’s surface is important in driving weather, climate, and a variety of factors of relevance to human activities (e.g., clouds, atmospheric optical properties, ocean mixed-layer dynamics) addressed by oceanography and meteorology. This exchange is often dominated by molecular and turbulent diffusive processes in the atmospheric surface layer (a region in contact with the surface on the order of 10 m thick where the height dependence of the fluxes is negligible). The exchange is quite dependent on the nature of the surface. Over land the roughness of the surface, the subsurface moisture and the transfer properties of the plant canopy complicate this exchange process. Ice and snow also have physical properties that require special treatment. Historically, the transfer processes over the ocean and over more solid surfaces have been interpreted and parameterized in terms of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The ocean has two unique properties that have greatly simplified this approach: the surface humidity is assumed to be in equilibrium with the saturation vapor pressure at the ocean surface temperature and the roughness is considered to be determined by the mean wind speed or friction velocity. This second assumption is now being recast in terms of the surface wave spectrum (e.g., Chapters 5 and 8). However, the formation of whitecaps over the ocean strongly modifies the exchange process (see Slinn et al., 1978; Hasse, 1980; Coantic, 1980) for virtually all constituents (i.e., heat, moisture, trace gases, and particles). This modification is due to the release of gases and particles by the bursting of whitecap bubbles and, in the case of sensible and latent heat fluxes, the evaporation of the seawater spray droplets produced by the bursting bubbles.
QoS considerations for future packet switched satellite communication systems with dynamic resource allocation

To efficiently utilize limited RF resources, future packet-switched satellite networks are being designed to dynamically allocate resources on the uplink and downlink. These dynamic-resource allocation algorithms may result in uplinks and downlinks with time varying data rates. Providing QoS over these time varying channels is a difficult task. Several issues are examined including the required interaction between the network layer and link layer, the impact of links with time varying data rates on QoS schedulers, and downlink queuing strategies for achieving downlink QoS
Exactly Backwards: Exceptionalism and the Federal Circuit

This short essay critically evaluates the current proposals, most closely associated with Dan Burk and Mark Lemley, that the patent law should increasingly become technology-specific - that is, that the law should reflect different rules for different technological areas or industries. I make three points. The first is to point out that descriptive claims of a fundamental technological-exceptionalism (what I call "macro-exceptionalism") in the patent law are not well supported, once one sets aside the small factual variability ("micro-exceptionalism") built into the legal standards. Second, using empirical data from the development of claim construction jurisprudence and the patterns of en banc proceedings at the Federal Circuit, I argue that the major trends in the patent law run directly counter to macro-exceptionalist claims. Finally, in considering the public policy issues raised by the calls for a judicially created technological-exceptionalism, I conclude that the most successful approach is, indeed, exactly backwards of that suggested by the proponents of technological-specificity in the patent law.
Polygon clipping: analysis and experiences

Abstract The subject of this paper is polygon clipping. Polygon clipping is an especially important and frequent operation in high resolution graphics applications. First, all the major polygon clipping algorithms are presented. The Liang-Barsky, Sutherland-Hodgman and Weiler-Atherton algorithms are compared in terms of features of the source and clipping regions they can be applied to. Next, these algorithms are analyzed analytically with respect to “rectangular” and “convex” clipping regions. All polygon clipping algorithms are analyzed with respect to the best case, worst case and bounded case, when available. This represents the first complete analysis of these algorithms relative performance presented in the literature. To support the analytical results with experimental data, all three algorithms have been implemented in the C language and run on random sets of polygons produced by a convex polygon generator. Such an algorithm is presented, based on the sign of the vector cross product of adjacent polygon edges, and necessary and sufficient conditions for generating a proper convex polygon are included. Both the analytical and experimental results show some common misconceptions about the relative performance of these algorithms. In particular, it is shown that the Weiler-Atherton algorithm, considered by many to be “overly complex” and therefore inefficient, performs much better than previously expected. It is also shown that when the requirement is to clip against a rectangular clipping region, the Liang-Barsky algorithm clearly performs much better than any of the other algorithms.
The house of ill repute: Malayalee House, reality television and morality debates in contemporary Kerala

This paper maps the production history of Malayalee House (2013) a reality television show telecast by Surya TV, one of the many Malayalam satellite channels in the southern Indian state of Kerala. Publicized as a Malayalam edition of Bigg Boss, it soon ran into controversy with the filing of the injunction at the Bombay High Court by Endemol group, the makers of Bigg Boss who alleged copyright infringement. This was followed by protests by women's organizations and an outcry for television censorship. The making and the telecast would leave the participants and the producers at loggerheads about the unsaid norms which govern the so called “appropriate” content to be telecast during the prime time. Using an ethnographic lens, I map out the varied circuits taken by the television program and the “afterlives” of the participants, to explore the social dynamics that shaped the debates in the post-telecast phase. In doing so, I try and see how rather than a mere deployment of “electronic eyes” and voyeuristic...
Physical and biological modeling in the Gulf Stream region:: I. Data assimilation methodology

Abstract Physical and biological data are assimilated into a time-evolving, mesoscale-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) ocean model using optimal interpolation. Simulations are conducted in the Gulf Stream region during the BIOSYNOP/Anatomy of a Meander Experiment in September–October of 1988. Physical data assimilation only or biological data assimilation only resulted in misalignment of the physical and biological fronts, causing spurious cross-frontal fluxes of biological quantities. Assimilation of both physical and compatible biological fields was necessary for adequate equilibration of the simulated fields. The resulting combined 4-D fields substantially extend the value of the observations alone. A technique is presented for deriving the necessary, dynamically consistent 3-D physical and biological field estimates from data for initialization and assimilation into time-evolving model simulations.
Butterfly-shaped mark.

In Reply.— We were delighted to encounter interest in our "Butterfly-Shaped Mark" (BSM), and read Dr Oakes9 remarks with interest. Alas, his critical attitude derives mainly from confusion of terminology. A call for an accepted agreement on common terminology is long due.1 When using the term nevus flammeus (a port wine stain), we clearly differentiate it from capillary hemangioma (strawberry hemangioma). We are quite aware of, and quoted accordingly, the occurrence of several capillary hemangiomas with spinal lesions.2
Contracted Suffix Trees: A Simple and Dynamic Text Indexing Data Structure

We address the problem of finding the locations of all instances of a string P in a text T , where of T is allowed to facilitate the queries. Previous data structures for this problem include the suffix tree, the suffix array, and the compact DAWG. We modify a data structure called a sequence tree , which was proposed by Coffman and Eve for hashing, and adapt it to the new problem. We can then produce a list of k occurrences of any string P in T in O (||P || + k ) time. Because of properties shared by suffixes of a text that are not shared by arbitrary hash keys, we can build the structure in O (||T ||) time, which is much faster than Coffman and Eve's algorithm. These bounds are as good as those for the suffix tree, suffix array, and the compact DAWG. The advantages are the elementary nature of some of the algorithms for constructing and using the data structure and the asymptotic bounds we can give for updating the data structure when the text is edited.
Cultural diversity and conservation

“The essence of tyranny is the denial of complexity”. Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt The biocultural perspective, a direct result of the crisis narrative regarding cultural and biological extinctions, overemphasises the homogenising effects of globalisation and fails to recognise processes that actively produce diversity. Cartographic visualisations depicting overlapping zones of biological and cultural diversity simplify complex realities and provide little guidance for policy and practice. Moving beyond this perspective requires problematisation of essentialist notions of culture, analysis of the politics surrounding the production of knowledge, and acknowledgement of the anthropogenic nature of landscapes often deemed “pristine”. The biocultural perspective is reviewed within the context of recent trends in conservation, from community-based conservation to the more recent “Strategic Turn” in conservation. To define a new perspective linking cultural diversity and conservation, the authors argue that we need a new politics of knowledge that: (a) moves beyond notions of TEK as the only valid form of local knowledge that can be integrated into conservation planning, (b) examines how local perspectives are translated between scales, and (c) creates new linkages between local knowledge and the policy domain. This new politics of knowledge can help make visible multiple actors, multiple forms of agency, and multiple regimes of credibility and can elucidate the ways in which knowledge about cultural diversity and biological diversity is produced, circulated, and incorporated into decision-making.
Characterization of Iridium Thin Films for TES Microcalorimeters

We are developing transition edge sensors (TES) using single layer iridium (Ir) as the detector and deposited tin (Sn) as the absorber. We obtained good Ir devices with reproducible and uniform transition temperature around 120 mK, transition widths of 1–2 mK, residual resistivity ratio (RRR) between 1.8–3 and high sensitivity α. Our Ir films are obtained using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and photolithography. In this paper we present a full low temperature characterization of the Ir films.
Environmental justice, local knowledge, and after-disaster planning in New Orleans

Abstract This article addresses issues of environmental justice and historic preservation in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Specifically, four main areas are examined in light of failures in after-disaster planning during the rebuilding of the city in the year following the storm. The first area of critique is the problem of public trust in government environmental officials in Louisiana. The second area is the lack of planning for debris disposal, and the possibility that this may create future public health and environmental injustice sites. Third, the article addresses problems faced by residents, particularly the poor and working class, who are trying to clean up and rebuild after the storm. And last, the article highlights issues unique to rebuilding in New Orleans’ 20 historic districts, in particular the tensions between local knowledge and the federal response to the disaster.
Normalization of composition of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein subfractions in diabetic subjects during insulin infusion with programmable implantable medication system

Objective –To investigate whether long-term improved glycemic control by intraperitoneal insulin infusion normalizes the compositional abnormalities of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Research Design and Methods –Seven subjects were studied before and 12–14 mo after initiation of treatment with the programmable implantable medication system (PIMS). Plasma TG levels were measured, and the composition of three TG-rich lipoprotein subfractions (Svedberg flotation [Sf] >400, 100–400, and 20–100) were analyzed before and every 1.5 h for 7.5 h after ingestion of corn oil. Results –PIMS significantly improved glycemic control, as measured by mean blood glucose ( P 1 ( P t test) levels. Weight loss was also observed during PIMS treatment. Significant changes occurred in the composition of TG-rich lipoprotein subfractions during PIMS treatment in both the fasting ( P P 1 , whereas the very-low-density lipoprotein compositional changes were by both the improved glycemic control and body weight. Conclusions –In IDDM subjects during PIMS treatment, there was normalization of most abnormalities in the composition of fasting and postprandial TG-rich lipoproteins, including enrichment in total cholesterol, which is considered atherogenic.
Experiments on a round turbulent buoyant plume

This paper reports a comprehensive set of hot-wire measurements of a round buoyant plume which was generated by forcing a jet of hot air vertically up into quiescent environment. The boundary conditions of the experiment were measured, and are documented in the present paper in an attempt to sort out the contradictory mean flow results from the earlier studies. The ambient temperature was monitored to insure that the facility was not stratified and that the experiment was conducted in a neutral environment. The axisymmetry of the flow was checked by using a planar array of sixteen thermocouples and the mean temperature measurements from these are used to supplement the hot-wire measurements. The source flow conditions were measured so as to ascertain the rate at which the buoyancy was added to the flow. The measurements conserve buoyancy within 10 percent. The results are used to carry out the balances of the mean energy and momentum differential equations. In the mean energy equation it is found that the vertical advection of the energy is primarily balanced by the radial turbulent transport. In the mean momentum equation the vertical advection of momentum and the buoyancy force balance the radial turbulent transport. The buoyancy force is the second largest term in this balance and is responsible for the wider (and higher) velocity profiles in plumes as compared to jets. Budgets of the temperature variance and turbulence kinetic energy are also carried out in which thermal and mechanical dissipation rates are obtained as the closing terms. Similarities and differences between the two balances are discussed. It is found that even though the direct affect of buoyancy on turbulence, as evidenced by the buoyancy production term, is substantial, most of the turbulence is produced by shear. This is in contrast to the mean velocity field where the affect of buoyancy force is quite strong. Therefore, it is concluded that in a buoyant plume the primary affect of buoyancy on turbulence is indirect, and enters through the mean velocity field (giving larger shear production).
Dependence of the off-energy-shell T matrix on the total three-momentum

The Bakamjian-Thomas form of relativistic potential theory is used to derive a constraint on the off-energy-shell two-body T matrix elements. This is an equation which specifies the dependence of these matrix elements on the total three-momentum. While other formulations lead to different constraints, it is argued that this one is the most convenient. The distinction between this formula and the (irrelevant) notion of Lorentz transforming an off-energy-shell matrix element is discussed. A critical comparison is made with several formulas which have appeared in the literature in connection with the problem of scattering a $pi$ meson by a nucleus. (AIP)
Structural determinants for specific recognition by T4 endonuclease V

DNA glycosylases catalyze the scission of the N-glycosyl bond linking either a damaged or mismatched base to the DNA sugar phosphate backbone. T4 endonuclease V is a glycosylase/apurinic (AP) lyase that is specific for UV light-induced cis-syn pyrimidine dimers. As a proposed transition state analog/inhibitor for glycosylases, a phosphoramidite derivative containing a pyrrolidine residue has been synthesized. The binding of endonuclease V to this duplex was analyzed by gel mobility shift assays and resulted in a single stable complex of reduced mobility and an apparent Kd of 17 nM. To assess the importance of the positive charge for specific binding, studies using other non-cleavable substrate analogs were performed. Wild type T4 endonuclease V shows an 8-fold decreased affinity for a tetrahydrofuran as compared with the pyrrolidine residue, demonstrating the significance of the positive charge for recognition. A 2-fold increase in binding affinity for a reduced AP site was observed. Similar assays using catalytically compromised mutants (E23Q and E23D) of endonuclease V demonstrate altered affinities for the pyrrolidine as well as tetrahydrofuran and reduced AP sites. This approach has provided insight into the structural mechanism by which specific lesions are targeted by the protein as well as the structural determinants of the DNA required for specific recognition by T4 endonuclease V.
Knowledge access issues

Cet article souligne le role joue par les bibliotheques pour l'acces a l'information au format papier ou electronique, notamment a l'information officielle produite par les agences de gouvernement americain
Immunoaffinity chromatographic isolation of a high molecular weight seroreactive protein from Mycobacterium leprae cell sonicate

The purpose of this study was to isolate Mycobacterium leprae antigen(s) by immunoaffinity chromatography using immunoglobulins from leprosy patients and from rabbit anti-M. leprae hyperimmune serum coupled to CNBr-Sepharose 4B. A high molecular weigh (Mr) M. leprae protein (MLP) with a subunit Mr of 22000 was isolated. MLP was recognized by monoclonal antibody MMPII1G4 which is known to react with MMPII, a 22 kDa protein of M. leprae. The N-terminal sequence of the 22 kDa subunit (Met-gln-gly-asp-pro-asp-val-leu-arg-leu-leu-asn-glu-gln-leu-thr) was identical to MMPII and to antigen D (bacterioferritin) of M. paratuberculosis. It showed 44% homology with N-terminal end of E. coli bacterioferritin. In ELISA, MLP showed 100% and 60% positivity with leprosy and TB sera respectively as compared to normal healthy sera. The role of bacterioferritin in M. leprae and the importance of MLP as an immunogen has been discussed.
Behavioral and biochemical effects of the carbamate insecticide, MOBAM

Decreases in rat plasma, erythrocyte and brain cholinesterase levels after intraperitoneal injection of 1 to 5 mg/kg of 4-benzothienyl-N-methylcarbamate (MOBAM) were compared with decrements in both spontaneous motor activity and conditioned avoidance performance produced by this compound. Significant effects were observed with all five measured phenomena at dosages producing no obvious clinical signs. In albino rats, a dosage of 2 mg/kg significantly depressed plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity, and decreased motor activity 15 min after injection but only higher dosages (3 and 5 mg/kg) significantly depressed brain cholinesterase activity and avoidance performance. In Long-Evans rats, both brain cholinesterase activity and avoidance performance were significantly reduced by the lower (2 mg/kg) dosage. The avoidance impairments observed after 3 mg/kg could be prevented by prior injection with atropine sulfate. It is suggested that both central and peripheral cholinesterase changes are important in determining the nature of the behavioral effects observed after exposure to this compound.
A Comparison of Engineering Students' Reflections on Their First‐Year Experiences

Background The introduction of a mentoring program at the University of Notre Dame in which upperclass engineering students serve as a resource to first-year students was the focus of this study. A retrospective survey was administered to classes of sophomores and juniors. Purpose (Hypothesis) The survey was focused on impressions of the first-year engineering experiences motivated by a desire to assess the new program. This assessment was used to address research questions relating to students' comfort approaching faculty/upperclass students and transition. Design/Method The survey was first administered during January 2006, prior to program introduction, and again in January 2008, after the program was in place for two years. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression models for statistically significant differences. Results Findings indicate: (1) students are more comfortable approaching upperclass students than faculty for advice in many situations, (2) no measurable student benefit could be concluded as a result of the mentoring program introduction, (3) gender differences exist in terms of a student's comfort with their decision to stay in engineering, and (4) gender was not a statistically significant factor in predicting adjustment to engineering. Conclusions Results support continued focus on increasing academic confidence in women and men entering engineering programs to support the adjustment to engineering. The affinity of students for obtaining advice from more experienced students rather than faculty suggests that support programs such as mentoring should aide that adjustment, yet it is clear that the success of such programs is sensitive to conditions that are not easily controlled.
Stimulation of Pancreatic Growth by Secretin, Caerulein, and Pentagastrin*

The primary hormonal regulators of pancreatic exocrine secretion are secretin and cholecystokinin. In addition, cholecystokinin is known to stimulate the growth of the exocrine pancreas. The current study examines whether secretin also alters pancreatic growth by itself and whether it influences the trophic response to caerulein, a structural and functional homolog of cholecystokinin. Rats were injected every 8 h for 7 days with either saline, secretin (50 U/kg), caerulein (320 ng/kg), or a combination of the above doses of secretin and caerulein. After sacrificing the animals, the pancreas was isolated, and the in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was measured. The pancreas was weighed, and the pancreatic content of DNA and RNA were also determined. Secretin and caerulein administered alone both caused significant increases in DNA synthesis and the pancreatic concentrations of both RNA and DNA. The effects of the two hormones on total pancreatic RNA and DNA showed potentiation when combined. ...
Intrauterine embryo reduction in the mare

Abstract The site of a hypothesized embryo reduction mechanism was studied. The number of normal-sized embryos and undersized embryos (>2 standard deviations below the mean embryo diameter in control mares) was determined at day 7 and 11 post-ovulation in single-ovulating control mares and in multiple-ovulating pituitary extract-treated mares in which all ovulations occurred on a single day. In two additional groups (control and treated), the embryonal enlargement was monitored by rectal palpation until day 49. An average of 0.7 normal-sized embryos per control mare at day 7 and at day 11 and 0.6 vesicles per control mare at day 49 was found. More normal-sized embryos (P 10 14 ) was greater (P 1 14 ) and was greater than the number of mares with more than one palpated vesicle in the day 49 treated group ( 2 14 ). Intrauterine reduction was therefore manifested between days 7 and 11 in multiple-ovulating mares, as demonstrated by the number of multiple normal-sized blastocysts recovered at day 7 and by the reduced number of normal-sized and the increased number of undersized blastocysts recovered at day 11.
User engagement with online news: Conceptualizing interactivity and exploring the relationship between online news videos and user comments

With the emergence and rapid acceptance of online news come new and varied opportunities for user engagement with content, along with alternative metrics for capturing those behaviors. This study focuses on interactive engagement with online news videos. We propose a theoretical framework for conceptualizing user engagement on a continuum from exposure to interactivity. Furthermore, we make a distinction between user–content (e.g. commenting) and user–user (e.g. replying to another user’s comment) modes of interaction. We then explore publicly available measures of these concepts and test a series of hypotheses to explore commenting and conversational behaviors in response to YouTube news videos. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications for advancing our understanding of user engagement with online news.
Analysis of TSV/Micro-Bump Deformation due to Chip Misalignment and Thermal Processing in 3D IC Packages

Misalignment of chips in three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) packages subjects the bonding layer between chips to shear deformation. Chip warpage and thermal effects from chip processing can further compound the problem. In this study we perform a numerical assessment on the shear and thermally-induced deformations in and around the through-silicon vias (TSV) and solder micro-bumps. The 3D finite element model features a TSV/micro-bump bonding structure connecting two adjacent silicon chips, with and without an underfill layer in between. The possibility that the entire solder micro-bump may be transformed into an intermetallic is also considered in this study. We seek to parametrically explore the trend of stress and deformation fields due to misalignment-induced shear deformation and thermal expansion mismatch. Potential for damage initiation in the TSV/micro-bump is examined by the measure of plastic strain accumulation. The existence of an underfill layer around the TSV/micro-bump enhances the overall resistance to shear deformation, although with a higher buildup of local stresses. The TSV and silicon chip are less affected by misalignment than by thermal expansion mismatches.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Calcium-oxide-catalyzed reactions of hydrocarbons and of alcohols

Abstract Calcium oxides are catalysts for the double-bond isomerization of olefins, hydrogen disproportionation, dehydrogenation, and isomerization of 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadiene, dehydrogenation and hydrogen disproportionation of cyclohexene, hydrogenation of alkenes and of cyclohexene, dehydrogenation of alcohols, and hydrogen transfer between an alcohol and ketone. The reactions have been studied in a pulse microreactor mainly at 240–340 ° using helium as a carrier gas, or hydrogen in the case of the hydrogenation studies. The activity of the calcium oxide catalysts depended on their methods of preparation. The most active catalysts were those prepared from calcium hydroxide and calcined at 500 °. When the calcination was made at 900 ° the calcium oxide showed no catalytic activity towards the isomerization of olefins, the activity however could be restored when the catalyst was annealed at 500 °. Another active calcium oxide catalyst was prepared from calcium carbonate which was calcined at 900–1000 °.
Use of time delays between modal components in wavelet based fault location

This paper presents an improved fault location method based on the traveling wave theory of the transmission lines. Fault transients recorded at one end of a transmission line are processed to determine the distance from the fault location. Wavelet transform is utilized for this purpose. The proposed method also takes advantage of the different travel times of the modal components in differentiating between close-in and remote end faults. The approach has the advantages of being independent of the fault impedance, mutual coupling effects and series compensation capacitors. The method's performance for typical faults is illustrated using transient simulations obtained by an electromagnetic transients program.
Pain management in areas of military conflict

Acute and chronic pain conditions are an inescapable by-product of the conduct of war, and have been so throughout the recorded history. The field of pain management within the war zone has evolved during the Global War on Terrorism, spurred in part by increased survival rates from improved vehicle and personal armor, improved surgical lifesaving techniques and hastened evacuation. A result of these improvements is that wounds that were once fatal are now survivable, but may be a cause for significant pain. In this article, we discuss acute and chronic pain management during war, and describe important changes that have occurred during the course of the Global War on Terrorism. Advances in acute pain treatment include multimodal pain regimens from point of injury through air transport from theater. The role of technologies, such as nerve stimulation, ultrasound imaging, and medication pumps, suitable for field use is explored. Chronic pain interventions that have been provided in theater are discussed, as well as the effect that early treatment in theater has on return-to-duty rates. An increasing operational effect from pain management is postulated as military forces become smaller, more specialized, and older.
ELEMENTS WITHIN THE FIRST 17 AMINO ACIDS OF HUMAN OSTEONECTIN ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR BINDING TO TYPE V COLLAGEN

The region in human osteonectin (ON) responsible for binding to type V collagen has been identified as the first 17 NH2-terminal residues. This conclusion is based upon binding studies with deletion mutants of ON produced in Escherichia coli, in which parts of the first 17 amino acids have been removed. Wild-type ON from E. coli and mammalian cell-derived nonglycosylated ON bind identically to type V collagen and at least twice as effectively as mammalian cell-derived N-glycosylated ON. In previous studies, it was shown that N-glycosylation at residue 99 significantly reduces the capacity of ON to bind to type V collagen. Results reported in this communication demonstrate that the actual binding site on ON for type V collagen is distal from the site of N-glycosylation in terms of amino acid sequence but may be proximal in the folded, fully glycosylated, three-dimensional structure. Consistent with this conclusion is the ability of a synthetic peptide consisting of amino acids 1-17 to specifically inhibit the binding of ON to type V collagen.
What ''Mice Trap'' Tells Us about the Mental Lexicon.

Abstract Level ordering has proven inadequate as a morphological theory, leaving unexplained the experimental results taken to support it as a component of innate grammar—young children’s acceptance of irregular plurals in English compounds. The present study demonstrates that these results can be explained by slower access to the grammatically preferred singulars of irregular nouns when compounds are created on-line from plural stimuli. Experiments on English noun–noun compound production and on production of either singular or plural forms from the same or opposite form confirmed that more irregular than regular plurals were used in compounds, and showed that producing irregular singulars from plurals was slower than producing regular singulars. Plural responses were also slower when cue and required response number differed.
Intrauterine endotoxin infusion in rat pregnancy induces preterm delivery and increases placental prostaglandin F2α metabolite levels

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to examine the effects of intrauterine endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) on rat pregnancy. Study Design: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 26) were implanted with uterine catheters on day 15 or 16 of a 22-day gestation. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either lipopolysaccharide (25 or 50 μg) or sodium chloride solution (1 mL) on day 17 and then were either sacrificed on day 19 or observed until delivery. Placentas were harvested at the time of death, homogenates were prepared, and prostaglandin F 2 α metabolite levels were determined by means of radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Student-Newman-Keuls, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Lipopolysaccharide-treated groups (25 and 50 μg) displayed a shorter interval to delivery (mean ± SE, 82 ± 13 and 63 ± 8 hours, respectively) than control animals (117 ± 3 hours). Pups of lipopolysaccharide-treated (25 and 50 μg) female animals had lower live birth weights (4.92 ± 0.01 and 5.12 ± 0.24 g, respectively) compared with control animals (6.04 ± 0.07 g). Placental homogenates from lipopolysaccharide-treated female animals contained higher levels of prostaglandin F 2 α metabolite (1567 ± 64 and 1475 ± 59 pg/mL) than those from sodium chloride solution–infused control animals (804 ± 68 pg/mL). Conclusion: Bacterial products induce the preterm delivery of low-birth-weight pups in rats, possibly by increasing local prostaglandin biosynthesis. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1496-501.)
Improving stemming for Arabic information retrieval: light stemming and co-occurrence analysis

Arabic, a highly inflected language, requires good stemming for effective information retrieval, yet no standard approach to stemming has emerged. We developed several light stemmers based on heuristics and a statistical stemmer based on co-occurrence for Arabic retrieval. We compared the retrieval effectiveness of our stemmers and of a morphological analyzer on the TREC-2001 data. The best light stemmer was more effective for cross-language retrieval than a morphological stemmer which tried to find the root for each word. A repartitioning process consisting of vowel removal followed by clustering using co-occurrence analysis produced stem classes which were better than no stemming or very light stemming, but still inferior to good light stemming or morphological analysis.
Unique dairy applications of eastern gamagrass forages in Central Wisconsin: II. Nutritive value and energy density.

Recently, perennial warm-season grasses have received considerable interest, largely through bioenergy initiatives, but their suitability for limiting caloric intake by fiber-demanding livestock classes, such as dairy replacement heifers (Bos taurus) and/or dry cows has not been explored. Our objectives were to evaluate eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] forages harvested from nine single- or double-harvest systems with four N fertilization regimes for macromineral, protein, and fiber composition, and then to estimate the energy densities for these forages by the summative approach. Across the 3-yr trial, concentrations of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) from single-harvest systems increased with mostly linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P = 0.010) effects of harvest date, reaching maximum concentrations ranging from 746 to 801 g kg -1 by early or mid-August. Similarly, concentrations of lignin increased with delayed harvest dates across single-harvest systems in predominantly linear (P < 0.001) patterns. Generally, concentrations of lignin were lower than reported for eastern gamagrass forages grown at more southerly latitudes, and ranged from 37.5 to 46.0 g kg -1 in mid-August. As a result, estimates of total digestible nutrients (TDN) determined by the acid-detergent lignin option for calculating truly digestible fiber remained relatively high through mid-August (582 g kg -1 ). Adjusting truly digestible fiber on the basis of the alternate in vitro 48-h neutral-detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) approach resulted in reduced TDN estimates for eastern gamagrass. In northern climates, eastern gamagrass forages have large concentrations of NDF, and could be used to dilute dietary energy for livestock species with low or moderate energy requirements.
The role of vestibular and neck afferents during eye-head coordination in the monkey.

Abstract Since during active eye-head turning the eyes move first and with higher velocity than the head, the lines of sight reach the target while the head is still moving. Then for the remaining duration of the head movement, the eyes maintain their fixation by performing a movement which is counter to that of the head and perfectly compensates for it. It is agreed that this compensatory eye movement is critically influenced by visual, vestibular and neck afferents and that it is not initiated centrally. We have investigated (a) the relative contribution of the vestibular and neck afferents to the compensatory eye movement made during active and passive head turning in monkeys and (b) the mechanisms underlying the recovery of compensatory eye movements following either the removal of the vestibular or neck loop or both. Our results have shown that (1) normal monkeys display perfect ocular stability in darkness, (2) at least 95% of ocular stability is due to the vestibular loop, and (3) the contribution of the neck loop is negligible. Following bilateral vestibulectomy the recovery of compensatory eye movements occurs gradually and reaches 90% within 7 weeks but only during active head movements. We have shown that there are at least three mechanisms underlying this recovery: (1) an increase in gain of the neck loop, (2) the occurrence of a centrally programmed compensatory eye movement, and (3) a recalibration of the saccadic and head motor system.
Attitudes by Young Adults Toward Child Rearing and Presumed Attitudes of Their Own Parents.

57 undergraduate university students performed a Q-sort of 50 items of possible concern in child rearing and a second sorting based on presumed attitudes of their own parents. Significant differences were obtained between Ss' self-sorts and sorts for their parents; certain nonsignificant sex differences were also noted.
Free trade and Canadian music: Level playing field or scorched earth?

(1991). Free trade and Canadian music: Level playing field or scorched earth? Cultural Studies: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 317-325.
A Cytosine Methyltransferase Homologue Is Essential for Sexual Development in Aspergillus nidulans

Background The genome defense processes RIP (repeat-induced point mutation) in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, and MIP (methylation induced premeiotically) in the fungus Ascobolus immersus depend on proteins with DNA methyltransferase (DMT) domains. Nevertheless, these proteins, RID and Masc1, respectively, have not been demonstrated to have DMT activity. We discovered a close homologue in Aspergillus nidulans, a fungus thought to have no methylation and no genome defense system comparable to RIP or MIP.
Creating truths by winning arguments: the problem of methodological artifacts in philosophy

In this paper I will argue that there is a bi-directional relationship between philosophy and meaning such that doing philosophy can change the meaning of terms. A rhetorically powerful work of philosophy that garners widespread interest has the potential to change how people use a predicate. This gives rise to three concerns. First, one’s conclusion can become right in virtue of one doing a particularly good job arguing for it. Second, it may be implausible to take philosophy to be a primarily descriptive enterprise. Part of the job of the philosopher is to proselytize about the correct usage of a word. Lastly, and most worrisome of all, the age-old method of the dialectic, a centerpiece of the philosophical project for thousands of years, threatens to plunge a range of domains of philosophical discourse into incoherence.
Self-awareness and physical aggression

Abstract A theory of self-awareness was applied to aggression. In Experiment I, men were given an opportunity to aggress against women in the presence of a mirror, an audience, or neither. The mirror significantly inhibited aggression, but the audience did not. In Experiment II, an audience inhibited aggression, but only when there was frequent eye contact between the aggressor and the audience. These results were consistent with the predictions derived from the theory.
Sequential Anovas and Type I Error Rates

Monte Carlo simulations were used to examine three different cases of using analysis of variance sequentially. The first case dealt with adding additional data to original data that were not significant and then reanalyzing. Alpha levels reached a high of .086 in this case. In the second case, data were added only when the F-ratio was not significant but exceeded 1.00; in this case, the alpha level reached a high of .16. The third case added data only when the p value exceeded 0.05 but was less than a predetermined limit (between .06 and .10); alpha levels rose to as much as .39 in this case. The message is clear: ANOVA was not intended as a sequential test and should not be used as such.
V.S. Naipaul's “the Crocodiles of Yamoussoukro”

(1987). V.S. Naipaul's “the Crocodiles of Yamoussoukro”. World Literature Written in English: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 269-274.
Efficacy of multiple influenza vaccine delivery systems in a single facility

We retrospectively investigated different inpatient influenza delivery strategies used during 3 consecutive years at a single institution. Vaccination rates were 3% for a physician reminder system, 21% for a manual standing order program, and 43% for a manual standing order program with a provider education program.
Adiabatic vs. non-adiabatic particle distributions during convection surges

The convection surge is a mechanism whereby a temporary intensification and subsequent relaxation of the east-west electric field coexists with an earthward displacement of the nightside curved magnetospheric field lines. Calculations of single particle trajectories for H[sup +] and O[sup +] during convection surges have found that the first adiabatic invariant [mu] = E[sub [perpendicular]]/B (where E[sub [perpendicular]] is the energy contributed by the motion of the particle perpendicular to the magnetic field and B is the magnitude of the ambient magnetic field) may break down, depending on the particle's species and location. Applying this property to a collection of single particle trajectories, it has been suggested that the boundary between the adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes could be interpreted as the injection boundary formed in the middle magnetosphere during substorm expansions. Under this interpretation, the non-adiabatic conditions establish the character of the populations tailward of the injection boundary. To investigate the behavior of the full particle distributions, the authors have modified the convection surge numerical code of Mauk to approximate the breakdown of the adiabaticity. In this report they present simulated results for various parameter conditions. Contrary to the adiabatic results, the non-adiabatic conditions do not yield the magnetic-field-aligned distributionsmore » that are commonly observed tailward of the injection boundary. 13 refs., 3 figs.« less
Characterization of interfacial failure in SiC reinforced Si3N4 matrix composite material by both fiber push-out testing and Auger electron spectroscopy

AES depth profiling and a fiber push-out test for interfacial shear-strength determination have been used to ascertain the mechanical/chemical properties of the fiber/matrix interface in SiC-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4, with attention to the weak point where interfacial failure occurs. In the cases of both composite fracture and fiber push-outs, the interfacial failure occurred either between the two C-rich coatings that are present on the double-coated SiC fibers, or between the inner C-rich coating and the SiC fiber. Interface failure occurs at points of very abrupt concentration changes.
DEC Personnel Preparation Standards: Revision 2005-2008

The revision and process of validation of standards for early childhood special education (ECSE) and early intervention (EI) personnel at the initial and advanced levels of preparation, which occur...
Correction to “Newtonian versus non‐Newtonian upper mantle viscosity: Implications for subduction initiation”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Newtonian versus non-Newtonian upper mantle viscosity: Implications for subduction initiation’’ (Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L19304, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL023457, 2005), there was a typographical error in equation (2). The stress exponent, n, is missing from the denominator in the exponential. The correct form of the viscosity law when no melt is present and water content is constant is given by