cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Die Genetik der temperenten Bakteriophagen

Bei allen in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln besprochenen Bakteriophagen fuhrt eine erfolgreiche Infektion immer zur sofortigen Produktion von Nachkommen-Virionen. Es sind jedoch viele Bakteriophagen bekannt, bei denen es eine Alternative in der Phageninfektion gibt. Statt der gewohnlich ungehemmten DNA-Replikation und der Zusammenlagerung der Phagen tritt eine temperente (gemasigte) Antwort ein, in der der Phage seinen „Hausstand” in der bakteriellen Zelle grundet und mit dieser Zelle und all ihren Nachkommen uber viele Generationen eine stabile Verbindung eingeht.
An extended series of assignments in CS2 involving a text adventure game

Students in computer science and related disciplines need experience with larger software projects. This paper describes details of a sequence of assignments for CS2 that guide students to develop a general-purpose system for text-based adventure games. These assignments seek to increase motivation, provide context for core topics, and explore some of the challenges associated with larger projects. This paper also describes forms of support and scaffolding to increase the effectiveness of such projects, and describes lessons learned and best practices for faculty seeking to adapt or create them for their own environments.
Evaluation of two 4th generation point-of-care assays for the detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection

Background Fourth generation assays detect simultaneously antibodies for HIV and the p24 antigen, identifying HIV infection earlier than previous generation tests. Previous studies have shown that the Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Combo has lower than anticipated performance in detecting antibodies for HIV and the p24 antigen. Furthermore, there are currently very few studies evaluating the performance of Standard Diagnostics BIOLINE HIV Ag/Ab Combo. Objective To evaluate the performance of the Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Combo and the Standard Diagnostics BIOLINE HIV Ag/Ab Combo in a panel of frozen serum samples. Study design The testing panel included 133 previously frozen serum specimens from the UCLA Clinical Microbiology & Immunoserology laboratory. Reference testing included testing for HIV antibodies by a 3rd generation enzyme immunoassay followed by HIV RNA detection. Antibody negative and RNA positive sera were also tested by a laboratory 4th generation HIV Ab/Ag enzyme immunoassay. Results Reference testing yielded 97 positives for HIV infection and 36 negative samples. Sensitivity of the Alere test was 95% (88–98%), while the SD Bioline sensitivity was 91% (83–96%). Both assays showed 100% (90–100%) specificity. No indeterminate or invalid results were recorded. Among 13 samples with acute infection (HIV RNA positive, HIV antibody negative), 12 were found positive by the first assay and 8 by the second. The antigen component of the Alere assay detected 10 acute samples, while the SD Bioline assay detected only one. Conclusions Both rapid assays showed very good overall performance in detecting HIV infection in frozen serum samples, but further improvements are required to improve the performance in acute infection.
Statistical evaluation of critical path delay in CNFET-based circuits in the presence of CNT fabrication imperfections

The presence of metallic tubes and CNT diameter variation impacts delay of critical paths in CNFET circuits. Consequently, variations in critical path delays impact functional yield. We propose to predict circuit performance and yield using a statistical approach, rather than the worst-case method, to the critical path delay evaluation. We consider the CNT diameter variation and the number of tubes per transistor variation caused by the removal of unwanted metallic tubes. For the set of ISCAS'85 combinational benchmark circuits, we tested with initial presence of 10% and 20% metallic tubes, that are all being removed, we are able to show a functional yield between 92.04% and 99.95%, and between 20.95% and 94.05%, respectively. We assumed delay degradation not larger than 1.3x as compared to the initial 0% of metallic tubes. The algorithm proposed to statistically evaluate path delay in the presence of variations has a time complexity of O(V log V +VE), where E is the number of gates and V is the number of nodes in the circuit. The results show the reduction of statistically calculated critical path delay as compared to the worst-case calculations. This indicates that it would be possible to manufacture a CNFET-based circuit with acceptable delay and functional yield, even in the presence of fabrication imperfections. To predict the behavior of these circuits and to design them efficiently it is necessary to use a statistical approach to the design process.
Inductive and example-based learning for text classification.

Text classification has been widely applied to many practical tasks. Inductive models trained from labeled data are the most commonly used technique. The basic assumption underlying an inductive model is that the training data are drawn from the same distribution as the test data. However, labeling such a training set is often expensive for practical applications. On the other hand, a large amount of labeled data, which have been drawn from a different distribution, is often available in the same application domain. It is thus very desirable to take advantage of these data even though there is a discrepancy between their underlying distribution and that of the test set. This paper compares three text classification algorithms applied in this scenario, including two inductive Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models, one flatly initialized and the other initialized with a term-frequency/inverse document frequency (Tf*Idf) weighted vector space model, and an example-based learning algorithm, which assigns a class label to a text by learning from the labels assigned to the training data that are similar to the text. Experiment results show that example-based learning has achieved more than 5% improvement in precisions across almost all coverage levels.
Crohn's disease in Caucasians and African Americans, as defined by clinical predictors and single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Objectives: To compare three aspects of Crohn's disease (CD) between African Americans and Caucasians: (1) demographic data and environmental factors affecting CD susceptibility, (2) disease presentation and clinical course, and (3) genetic susceptibility via the use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility loci. Methods: Clinical data and peripheral blood were obtained from 1032 patients (554 CD patients and 478 controls) derived from a clinically well-defined university-based medical and surgical digestive disease practice and included those who were diagnosed with IBD. Genomic DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and genotyping were performed for 11 SNPs, including the NOD2, IL-23r, OCTN1, and the IGR gene variants. Results: A total of 554 patients with CD were included in this study: 53 African Americans (10%), 485 Caucasians (87%), and 15 of other races (3%). The strongest demographic predictor of CD in African American patients was a family history of IBD. Ileocolic disease (L3) was the most common site involved in both African Americans and Caucasians, while the penetrating phenotype (B3) was the most common CD disease behavior in both races. Genotype association analysis showed a significant association between 2 IL23r gene SNPs and CD susceptibility in African Americans (p = .016 and .028, respectively). Conclusions: We believe this study is the first to report on genotype-phenotype associations in African American CD patients and compare findings to Caucasian CD patients within the same geographic area. We found no association between NOD2 gene SNPs and CD susceptibility in African Americans patients (p > .05).
Metabolism of cholesterol in the chick embryo. I. The synthesis of cholesterol.

The metabolism of cholesterol in the chick embryo has been investigated by means of balance experiments and by the use of deuterium oxide as an indicator. The majority of balance experiments suggested a net synthesis (l), but Dam (2) concluded after careful experimentation that this had not been established. Similar investigations in this laboratory with 52 eggs confirm this conclusion. Rittenberg and Schoenheimer (3) were unable to demonstrate the incorporation of deuterium into the cholesterol of fertile eggs incubated in the presence of added deuterium oxide. However, the results of Bernhard (4) indicated a significant deuterium content in the cholesterol of the embryo. Our early experiments with eggs incubated for 14 days with injected carboxyl-labeled sodium acetate support Bernhard’s results. The work reported here was undertaken to obtain information concerning the continuity, site and time of synthesis, and possibly the rate of degradation.
Measurements of the Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum at LANSCE: The Chi-Nu Experiment

The goal of the Chi-Nu experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center is to measure the prompt fission neutron spectra from major actinides using a double time-of-flight method with a pulsed, white incoming neutron source. Fission events are detected with a parallel-plate avalanche counter and outgoing neutrons are detected with either a 6 Li-glass or liquid scintillator detector array for low- or high-energy neutrons, respectively. A detector response matrix for the interaction of neutrons with the experimental environment for neutrons measured with the Chi-Nu 6 Li-glass detector array has been calculated to obtain a full understanding of the measured Chi-Nu data and also to allow for nearly instantaneous production of simulated Chi-Nu data spectra. Prompt fission neutron spectra corresponding to 19 incoming neutron energy ranges from 0.7-20 MeV have been extracted using the ratio-of-ratios method with Chi-Nu 6 Li-glass data on the neutron-induced fission of 235 U.
Predicting Third-Grade Mathematics Achievement: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Role of Early Numeracy Skills

Despite the vast research on the early predictors of mathematics achievement, little research has investigated the predictors of various domains of mathematics (e.g., geometry, statistics). The pur...
Virtual reality simulation of neuroendovascular intervention improves procedure speed in a cohort of trainees.

Background Realistic virtual reality (VR) simulators have greatly expanded the tools available for training surgeons and interventionalists. While this technology is effective in improving performance in many fields, it has never been evaluated for neuroendovascular procedures. This study aims to determine whether VR is an effective tool for improving neuroendovascular skill among trainees. Methods Trainees performed two VR revascularizations of a right-sided middle cerebral artery (MCA) thrombosis and their times to procedural benchmarks (time to enter internal carotid artery [ICA], traverse clot, and complete procedure) were compared. To determine whether the improvement was case specific, trainees with less procedural exposure were timed during VR left-sided ICA (LICA) aneurysm coiling before or after performing MCA thrombectomy simulations. To determine the value of observing simulations, medical students were timed during the right MCA revascularization simulations after watching other VR procedures. Results Trainees significantly improved their time to every procedural benchmark during their second MCA revascularization (mean decrease = 1.08, 1.57, and 2.24 min; P = 0.0072, 0.0466, and 0.0230). In addition, time required to access the LICA during aneurysm coiling was shortened by 0.77 min for each previous VR right MCA revascularization performed (P = 0.0176; r2 = 0.71). Finally, medical students' MCA revascularization simulation times improved by 0.87 min for each prior simulation viewed (P < 0.0221; r2 = 0.96). Conclusion Both performance and viewing of simulated procedures produced significant decreases in time to reach neuroendovascular procedural benchmarks. These data show that VR simulation is a valuable tool for improving trainee skill in neuroendovascular procedures.
Commentary: Relationships, developmental contexts, and the school development program

Drivers of Human Development nicely synthesizes decades of research on the way context and relationships impact development and learning. The article presents evidence that there is an inextricable...
Cognitive assessment in children through motion capture and computer vision: the cross-your-body task

This paper focuses on creating video-based human activity recognition methods towards an automated cognitive assessment system for children. We present the Activate Test for Embodied Cognition (ATEC), which assesses executive functioning in children through physical/cognitive tasks. Detecting activities for children is challenging due to high amount of random motion and variability. This paper focuses on creating a ubiquitous and non-intrusive activity recognition system for upper-body movements. Our proposed methods are evaluated on real-world data from children performing the Cross-your-Body task. The dataset includes 15 children performing 8 types of activities, resulting to 1900 annotated video samples.
Technology and Reading: The Effects of CALL Glossing:

Studies of the effects of L1 glossing on L2 reading comprehension have shown varying results. The present meta-analytic study provides an update of the research of CALL glossing studies and examine...
Moral Distress: Identification Among Inpatient Oncology Nurses in an Academic Health System.

Background Moral distress occurs when clinicians know the morally correct action to take but are unable to follow through because of internal and external constraints. It is associated with negative consequences, such as burnout, decreased job satisfaction, avoidance, and turnover. Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and level of moral distress among inpatient oncology nurses and to identify possible associations among nurses' demographic characteristics, work experience, and moral distress levels. Methods Ninety-three inpatient oncology nurses from a large academic health system completed the Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R). Additional questions included intent to leave and requests for changes in patient assignments because of moral distress. Findings Years as a nurse, changing or considering changing patient assignments, and changing care provided to a patient because of moral distress were statistically significantly associated with higher MDS-R scores. Participants reported using palliative care consultations, pastoral care, and social work to assist with their moral distress.
Separase cleaves the kinetochore protein Meikin to direct the meiosis I/II transition

Summary To generate haploid gametes, germ cells undergo two consecutive meiotic divisions requiring key changes to the cell division machinery. Here, we explore the regulatory mechanisms that differentially control meiotic events. We demonstrate that the protease Separase rewires key cell division processes at the meiosis I/II transition by cleaving the meiosis-specific protein Meikin. In contrast to cohesin, which is inactivated by Separase proteolysis, cleaved Meikin remains functional, but results in a distinct activity state. Full-length Meikin and the C-terminal Meikin Separase-cleavage product both localize to kinetochores, bind to Plk1 kinase, and promote Rec8 cleavage, but our results reveal distinct roles for these proteins in controlling meiosis. Mutations that prevent Meikin cleavage or that conditionally inactivate Meikin at anaphase I both result in defective meiosis II chromosome alignment. Thus, Separase cleavage of Meikin creates an irreversible molecular switch to rewire the cell division machinery at the meiosis I/II transition.
Debating the Role of Institutions in Political and Economic Development: Theory, History, and Findings

This essay examines the recent use of the concept of institutions in economics and political science, and the impact of institutions on economic growth and democracy. The discussion includes the definition of institutions, the question of endogenous and exogenous origins of institutions, the role of fixed and flexible institutions, and the relations among different types of institutions. Particular attention is given to recent books by Avner Greif and by Daron Acemoglu & James A. Robinson.
Practical Utility PV Multilevel Inverter Solutions.

Multilevel inverters are used to improve powerquality and reduce component stresses. This paper describesand compares two multilevel cascaded three phase inverterimplementations with two different modulation techniques: PhaseShifted Pulse Width Modulation, and Nearest Level Control.Further analysis will show required number of inverter levelswith respect to modulation techniques to provide desired powerand power quality to resistive load or grid. Cascaded inverterwill be designed and simulated to draw power from PV cells.
Perceptions of classroom quality and well-being among Black women teachers of young children

Concerns about preschool effectiveness have increasingly led to early childhood education policy changes focused on teacher quality. While these reforms intend to ensure children’s educational well-being, they rarely consider the impact policies have on teachers. Additionally, child care work is a feminized profession with distinct social experiences along lines of race and class. Black women who are early child care teachers live in poverty at rates disproportionate to their white counterparts. Through Black feminist focus group research, this paper documents perceptions of early childhood education quality mandates in Georgia and their impact on the well-being of 44 Black women teachers of infants, toddlers, and preschool age children. Findings suggest that the call for quality complicates Black teachers’ work, adds undue financial and emotional stress that takes a toll on their well-being, and interrupts personal dynamics with their loved ones. The paper calls for antiracist and antisexist structural support to interrupt both the stressors exacted by the field and the sociohistorical processes devaluing Black women’s work with children.
Realizing the Kilogram from the Planck Constant: The Kibble Balance and the Electrical Units

The international System of Units (SI) was redefined in 2018 [1]. This historical event implemented a beautiful idea—a system of units defined entirely by constants of nature. The most notable modification to the SI involved abandoning the artifact definition of the kilogram in favor of fixing the numerical value of the Planck constant. Apart from its physical and mathematical elegance, the new SI solves the problem of providing an absolute reference for the kilogram. But, how do we understand the link between the kilogram and the Planck constant? And, how can we realize the kilogram now, using the new definition? This paper attempts to give a simple answer to these complicated questions.
What Regulators Can Learn from Global Health Governance

The Great Pandemic of 2020 shows how much public health around the world depends on effective global and domestic governance. Yet for too long, global health governance and domestic regulatory governance have remained largely separate fields of scholarship and practice. In her book, Global Health Justice and Governance, Jennifer Prah Ruger offers scholars and practitioners of regulatory governance an excellent opportunity to see how domestic regulation shares many of the same problems, strategies, and challenges as global health governance. These commonalities reinforce how much national and subnational regulators can learn from global health governance. Drawing on insights from Prah Ruger’s impressive book, I offer seven lessons for domestic regulators around the world to use to improve their performance, arguing that it is vital for regulators to see themselves as operating in a larger social environment in which they must remain agile, vigilant, and responsive to other actors and to changing circumstances.
Robust Metasurfaces with Tailored Graded Index for High Power Laser Applications

Solid-state diffusional dewetting is utilized to produce randomly oriented ensembles of nanoparticles on large scales, which then function as dry etching masks for generation of durable metasurfaces for antireflective and metaoptics applications.
COVID-19 and Food-Related Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Disparities by Income and Food Security Status.

Background: Limited research suggests increased adverse behavioral outcomes, such as distractibility and hyperactivity, among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a result of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19); however, little is known about how the pandemic has impacted food-related behaviors among children with ASD. Objective: This study characterizes the impact of the pandemic on access to preferred foods and eating behaviors among children with ASD. Methods: Caregiver proxies (n = 200) participated in a cross-sectional, online survey investigating the impact of COVID-19 on reported food and eating behaviors of children, ages 2-17 y. Logistic regression models were used to assess the magnitude of association of a change in the child's eating behaviors and in food availability, overall and by household income and food security status. Results: A majority of respondents reported a moderate-to-large impact on their child's eating behaviors (57%) since the onset of COVID-19, and 65% reported unavailability of their child's preferred foods. Increased risk of a moderate-to-large impact on children's eating behaviors was associated with shelter regulations compared with no regulations (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.12, 4.72), food insecurity compared with security status (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.45, 4.67), and household income of <$50,000 compared with ≥$100,000 (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.02, 5.29). The pandemic also amplified the risk of food unavailability by household food security status (food insecure vs. secure; OR: 4.13; 95% CI: 2.12, 7.69) and across income levels (<$50,000 vs. ≥$100,000; OR: 3.48; 95% CI: 1.42, 8.55; and $50,000 to <$100,000 vs. ≥$100,000; OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.71, 9.34). Reported frequencies of consumption of meat, seafood, vegetables, and 100% fruit juice significantly decreased among the children post-onset of COVID-19, while frequency of consumption of sweets increased. Conclusions: A large proportion of caregivers reported substantial COVID-19 impacts on food availability and eating behaviors of children with ASD, especially among low-resource dyads. This study highlights the added burden of existing disparities due to the pandemic on children living with ASD.
The active workplace study: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial with sedentary workers.

Abstract Objectives Sedentary behavior is pervasive in the workplace and is harmful to health. Research on the effectiveness of comprehensive workplace interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and improve worker health and safety is crucial as sedentary jobs become more common. Methods We developed a Total Worker Health intervention targeting sedentary behavior in call centers, and are evaluating intervention effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial. Four worksites will be randomly assigned to an intervention or control condition. The intervention condition includes the provision of active workstations along with programs and procedures at environmental, organizational, and individual levels. Control worksites will receive active workstations with no additional support, following common organizational practices. Results Outcomes include objectively measured physical activity, biological markers of health, and self-report survey data at baseline, after the 6-month intervention or control period, and at a 12-month follow-up. Conclusions The aims of the study are to determine whether a Total Worker Health intervention has stronger impacts on workplace sedentary behavior, uninterrupted bouts of sitting, and worker health and safety compared to a usual practice control condition. The study will inform future workplace sedentary behavior intervention and dissemination research, along with organizational best practices for reducing sedentary behavior in the workplace.
Beyond Experiential Learning Cycles

This chapter critically examines experiential learning cycles using Kolb’s ( Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall, 1984) model as an exemplar. The discussion explores the development of experiential education from the progressive education movement with a particular focus on cyclical models of experiential learning developed from a constructivist perspective. It reviews contemporary critiques of progressivism suggesting that the concepts of recapitulation and effortless learning, endemic to progressive education and also found in experiential education, fail to adequately address the learning process. The chapter then reviews a critique of Kolb’s model, suggesting it was formed by drawing on an eclectic array of progressive progenitors and misinterpreting foundational concepts, particularly those of John Dewey. Ways of moving beyond experiential learning cycles include (a) employing new perspectives such as psychoanalytic, situative, critical-cultural, and enactivist, (b) dropping ‘experiential’ as a qualifier to the concept of learning, and (c) adopting units of analysis that help to resolve the concrete experience/abstract conceptualization dialectic contained in, but not adequately addressed by, cyclic models.
Corrosion of Stainless Steels

With good pricing, high strength, as well as corrosion resistance, stainless steel is a widely used and popular choice for many applications as a rust resistant material, however many types of corrosion attack stainless steel, such as pitting and crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, general corrosion, and attack by high-temperature gases. This article reviews the corrosion mechanisms of stainless steel to understand the corrosion behavior of stainless steel which is important for the design of any application. Moreover, this article will provide a platform for selecting the suitable type of stainless steel for any application with high corrosion resistance.
On the Use and Utility of the Reliability Coefficient in Social and Behavioral Research

This note discusses the use and utility of the reliability concept in social and behavioral research. The focus is on the meaning and limitations of the classical test theory reliability coefficient. Conditions are examined under which reliability is a meaningful notion, and the amount of information it can provide then. Issues pertaining to limitations of the practice of social and behavioral measurement and its implications for indices of measurement accuracy are subsequently discussed.
Rhythmic spontaneous activity in the developing avian auditory system

Microelectrode recordings of spontaneous multiple unit activity were made from nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and nucleus laminaris (NL), second- and third-order nuclei in the chick auditory system, between 14 and 19 d of incubation (E14-E19). Spontaneous firing in E14-E18 embryos occurred in synchronous bursts at periodic intervals. A rhythmic pattern of spontaneous firing was also observed in the auditory nerve but not in nonauditory regions of the brain-stem. The mean interburst interval in NM and NL decreased from 4.9 sec at E14-E15 to 2.1 sec at E18. By E19, 2 d prior to hatching, synchronous bursting was replaced by an unpatterned, steady level of firing comparable to the background discharge that is present in NM and NL of hatchling birds. Bursting was not correlated with heart beat or respiration and was not affected by removal of the middle-ear ossicle. Rhythmic bursting could be reset, blocked, or induced by sound stimulation. Cochlea removal or pharmacological blockade of auditory nerve activity with TTX eliminated bursting. These results indicate that the synchrony and rhythmicity of impulse firing reflect normal physiological activity, most likely of cochlear origin. The present findings show that spontaneous activity in the embryonic avian auditory system, like that in the immature mammalian visual pathway (Maffei and Galli-Resta, 1990; Meister et al., 1991), occurs in a synchronously rhythmic pattern. This similarity raises the possibility that such activity may be a general feature of early sensory system development. Patterned spontaneous firing in the chick takes place during a period of embryogenesis when auditory thresholds are high and when it is unlikely that physiological function in ovo is influenced significantly by normally occurring levels of airborne sound. Brainstem auditory neurons undergo substantial changes in structure and innervation during this same period. It is speculated that the temporal pattern of spontaneous discharge may provide cues that contribute to these developmental events.
Ubiquitin, infinitely seductive

The Keystone Symposium on The Many Faces of Ubiquitin took place between 11 and 16 January 2009, at Copper Mountain, Colorado, USA, and was organized by S. Polo, C.D. Lima & V. Dixit. ![][1] See Glossary for abbreviations used in this article Living in a competitive environment, cells constantly integrate many inputs from their surroundings into rapid and appropriate responses. Crucial to accomplishing accurate signalling is the ability of cells to alter the activity or abundance of regulatory proteins, which is often achieved by conjugating them to ubiquitin or UBLs. Not surprisingly, ubiquitin and UBLs are essential for proliferation and cell survival, and aberrations in the pathways that produce these modifications are linked to diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration (Kerscher et al , 2006). Initial studies revealed the role of ubiquitination in promoting protein degradation. It is now known that ubiquitination also has many non‐proteolytic functions such as regulating protein interaction, intracellular localization and enzymatic activity (Kerscher et al , 2006). The many ways in which ubiquitin/UBLs control signalling originate from the possible modification of proteins with a single molecule of ubiquitin, more than 10 UBLs or distinct types of ubiquitin chains. A large set of cellular proteins recognizes these modifications, thereby deciphering the ubiquitin/UBL code and mediating downstream signalling events (Fig 1; Kirkin & Dikic, 2007). Figure 1. The enzymatics of ubiquitination. Ubiquitin is transferred to substrates using a cascade of E1 and E2 enzymes, and two different classes of E3 ligases. The approximate number of enzymes in each protein family in the human genome is indicated in parenthesis. Ubiquitin‐like modifiers use a similar cascade, but with fewer enzymes at each step. Ubiquitination has many different consequences, depending on the number of ubiquitins attached and their linkage; those discussed in more detail during the meeting are mentioned below the modified … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
ORGANIZATION OF THE qa GENE CLUSTER IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA: DIRECTION OF TRANSCRIPTION OF THE qa-3 GENE

In Neurospora crassa, the enzyme quinate (shikimate) dehydrogenase catalyzes the first reaction in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway and is encoded in the qa-3 gene of the qa cluster. In this cluster, the order of genes has been established as qa-1 qa-3 qa-4 qa-2. Amino-terminal sequences have been determined for purified quinate dehydrogenase from wild type and from UV-induced revertants in two different qa-3 mutants. These two mutants (M16 and M45) map at opposite ends of the qa-3 locus. In addition, mapping data (Case et al. 1978) indicate that the end of the qa-3 gene specified by M45 is closer to the adjacent qa-1 gene than is the end specified by the M16 mutant site. In one of the revertants (R45 from qa-3 mutant M45), the aminoterminal sequence for the first ten amino acids is identical to that of wild type. The other revertant (R1 from qa-3 mutant M16) differs from wild type at the amino-terminal end by a single altered residue at position three in the sequence. The observed change involves the substitution of an isoleucine in M16-R1 for a proline in wild type. This substitution requires a two-nucleotide change in the corresponding wild-type codon.——The combined genetic and biochemical data indicate that the qa-3 mutants M16 and M45 carry amino acid substitutions near the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the quinate dehydrogenase enzyme, respectively. On this basis we conclude that transcription of the qa-3 gene proceeds from the end specified by the M16 mutant site in the direction of the qa-1 gene. It appears probable that transcription is initiated from a promoter site within the qa cluster, possibly immediately adjacent to the qa-3 gene.
Efficient synthesis of metal binding peptides incorporating aminodiacetic acid based ligands

New N alpha-Fmoc/Bu(t) protected amino acids bearing half-EDTA side chains (CH2)nN(Ada-O-Bu(t))2 n = 1 (5), n = 2 (24), n = 3 (10), n = 4 (15) were prepared in satisfactory yields. These derivatives can be conveniently used in a solid-phase peptide synthesis as they are devoid of serious shortcomings of Boc/Bzl based syntheses of metallopeptides, such as preliminary peptide capping as well as undesired lactamization of 5 during the peptide synthesis. Munksgaard 1995.
On the Possibility of Skeptical Scenarios

: It is generally accepted that skeptical scenarios must be possible to raise legitimate skeptical doubt. I argue that if the possibility in question is supposed to be genuine metaphysical possibility, the skeptic's reasoning does not straightforwardly succeed. I first motivate the metaphysical possibility requirement on skeptical scenarios: it's a plausible position that several authors accept and that a family of prominent views—sensitivity, safety, relevant alternatives—are committed to. I argue that plausible constraints in modal epistemology show that justification for believing that certain global skeptical scenarios are metaphysically possible rests on some justified beliefs about the external world, and that this undermines the skeptical argument. While there may still be local skeptical challenges, skeptics cannot appeal to the metaphysical possibility of skeptical scenarios to generate global external world skepticism.
Action of Tubocurarine and Atropine on the Crossed Olivocochlear Bundles

The effect of atropine and d-tubocurarine chloride on the cochlear potentials and modification of the cochlear responses caused by electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundles was examined in guinea pigs. Intravenous injection of gallamine triethiodide did not alter the inhibitory action of the crossed olivocochlear bundles. Section of the crossed olivocochlear bundles did not result in suppression of the cochlear microphonics. Perfusion of the scala tympani with Ringer' containing atropine or d-tubocurarine chloride did not alter the cochlear potentials but did block their responsiveness to the stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundles. The blocking activity of these anticholinergic drugs implies that acetylcholine is the possible transmitter of the crossed olivocochlear bundles.
Global Support of a Scaling Vector

Abstract Multiwavelet decompositions are based on scaling vectors satisfying matrix refinement equations. The support and linear independence of scaling vectors play an essential role in the study of multiwavelets. In this paper we relate these properties with the coefficients in the matrix refinement equation satisfied by the scaling vector.
Community-wide ramifications of an associational refuge on shallow rocky reefs.

Little attention has been given to associational refuges in ecology, despite their potential for maintaining species diversity and supporting higher trophic levels. Here I show how the colonial anemone, Corynactis californica, creates a refuge for benthic macroalgae and invertebrate fish prey on intensively grazed shallow rocky reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel off southern California, USA. On reefs heavily grazed by sea urchins, benthic macroalgae and invertebrate fish prey were relatively more abundant among Corynactis colonies than adjacent areas lacking the anemone. Results from field experiments showed that Corynactis facilitated the recruitment of macroalgae and tubicolous amphipods in “urchin-barren” areas subjected to intensive grazing. In areas forested by giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), where grazing intensity from urchins was low, Corynactis suppressed algal recruitment but facilitated tubicolous amphipods. A manipulation of fish and sea urchins suggested that grazing by urchins, as opposed...
Quantitative Differential Thermal Analysis of Small Dust Samples Containing Quartz

Quantitative differential thermal analysis has been used to analyze mine and foundry dust samples varying in size from 40 to 2 mg. As little as 1% quartz has been determined in 2-mg samples by use of a specially modified microholder. Sandwiching techniques permit the analysis of the same amount of quartz in 40-mg samples with a standard 300-mg powder holder. The effects of particle size variation and control of this variable are discussed. Preliminary experimentation indicates that the micro method may be applicable to the quantitative analysis of some asbestos minerals.
Is the lipolytic response in porcine adipose tissue slices equivalent to the lipolytic response in isolated adipocytes

Abstract 1. 1. In most cases, when isolated adipocytes and adipose tissue slices from the same animal were stimulated with various lipolytic agents (adrenergie agonists, theophylline, adenosine deaminase), the qualitative response was similar. 2. 2. There were, however, numerous exceptions; e.g. quinterenol did not affect isolated adipocytes whereas it was a partial agonist for adipose slices from the same animal. 3. 3. The adipocytes present in slices were larger than those isolated from slices by collagenase digestion. 4. 4. Isolated adipocytes were not more sensitive than tissue slices to stimulation by lipolytic agents.
Transitions Between Tiers in U.S. News & World Report Rankings of Colleges and Universities

Timely information regarding academic reputation and competitive edge is often sought from rankings of colleges and universities in the United States, such as are published by the U.S. News & World Report. This paper examins the issue of whether time spent paying attention to these rankings is well spent in the likely pay-off of reaching the immediate goal of higher rankings. To state the issue another way, we ask: how often do changes in rankings occur? Do they frequently tend to improve? Are positive movements in rankings as likely as negative movements? The studies examine the two categories of national liberal arts and Southern regional universities. The research finds sufficient stability within the rankings to justify a somewhat cautious view regarding efforts to improve an institution's rankings. Several issues concerning such efforts are examined in light of these results.
A primal-dual subgradient method for time staged capacity expansion planning

Abstract We model capacity expansion problems as nondifferentiable convex programs. A dual to this problem is also formulated as a nondifferentiable convex program. The solution methodology we utilize is a primal-dual subgradient approach. Here the primal-dual pair is utilized in step length determination. The special structure of these capacity expansion problems also results in other simplifications. In particular, unlike the application of subgradient optimization for general convex programs, the test for feasibility in certain capacity expansion problems is straightforward. Further, quadratic programs associated with projection operators are also avoided by using the special problem structure. The algorithm is shown to be convergent. In order to illustrate the applicability of our methodology, we discuss its application to a time dynamic power generation capacity planning problem. Computational results with this application is also provided.
Determination of the xenon 6s[3/2](2)-6s'[1/2](0) clock frequency by interferometric wavelength measurements

We have determined the wave number of the optical two-photon clock transition 6s[3/2](2)-6s'[1/2](0) in xenon by interferometrically comparing the wavelengths of the 6s[3/2](2)-6p'[1/2](1) (lambda = 450 nm) and 6s'[(1/2)] (0)-6p'([1/2]) (lambda = 764 nm) transitions with an iodine-stabilized 633-nm He-Ne laser. These measurements determine the frequency of the two-photon transition [4564.610902(13) cm(-1) for (132)Xe] to better than 1 MHz and provide precise values for the isotope shifts and the hyperfine structures of these transitions.
Managed Care's Impact on the Financial Well-Being of Social Workers in Private Practice

Abstract The authors used the rosters from the Register of Clinical Social Workers, the American Psychological and American Psychiatric Associations to contrast a random sample of 167 private practicing social workers, 158 psychologists and 187 psychiatrists from across the nation with respect to changes in these practitioners' financial well-being since joining managed care organization panels. Although no statistically significant differences were found between the three groups with respect to many indicators of financial well-being, each of the groups reported that their financial well-being had been adversely affected by managed care organization guidelines. Because the social workers in this study were found to spend a greater percentage of their time in private practice than psychologists and psychiatrists, managed care organizations' policies with respect to financial reimbursement are likely to impact them more adversely than professionals in other disciplines. Other changes in overhead costs, inc...
Preliminary Evidence of the Technical Adequacy of Additional Curriculum-Based Measures for Preschool Mathematics

There has been increased attention to the development of assessment measures for evaluating mathematical skills in young children in order to inform instruction and intervention. However, existing tools have focused primarily on number sense with little attention to other areas of mathematical thinking such as geometry and algebra. The purpose of this study is to describe preliminary reliability and validity evidence for several curriculum-based measures designed to assess mathematical skills in preschool children. Interscorer, test–retest, alternate-form reliability, and concurrent validity of five tasks—Cardinality, Pattern Completion, Shape Naming Fluency, Shape Selection Fluency, and Shape Composition—were examined in a small sample of preschool-age children at risk for academic difficulties because of demographic characteristics. Results indicated strong interscorer reliability, moderate to strong test–retest reliability, and adequate alternate-form reliability. Concurrent validity coefficients range...
Quantum Monte Carlo study of the classical barrier height for the H + H2 exchange reaction: Restricted versus unrestricted trial functions

The fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method is used to obtain the classical barrier height for the H + H2 exchange reaction. Using a spin-restricted, single-determinant trial function ΨT, the authors find that the reaction barrier Eb is less than 9.69 ± 0.25 kcal/mol. This mean value is below the calculated energy barrier obtained by Liu in the most extensive CI calculations on this system. Furthermore, the QMC saddle-point energy of – 1.65903 ± 0.00040 hartrees at the CI-determined geometry lies 0.00027 a.u. (0.17 kcal/mol) below Liu's best CI value. Finally, spinrestricted and spin-unrestricted single-determinant trial functions are contrasted. Although the variational energy 〈ΨT|H|ΨT〉 for an SCF ΨT must be lower for the unrestricted case, this is not true generally for QMC. In fact, we show that if the unrestricted SCF ΨT has the lower QMC energy, then there exists another spin-restricted, single-determinant ΨTwhose QMC energy is lower than the QMC energy of the spin-restricted SCF ΨT.
Improved Sensor Data Utility Through Receptance Coupling Modeling

This paper describes compensation for scaling and frequency distortion errors arising from non-ideal sensor placement on mechanical structures. The mathematical approach is based on receptance coupling techniques for assembly dynamics prediction and offers a hybrid method where measured and modeled component frequency response functions, or receptances, are analytically coupled using rigid, flexible, or flexible/damped compatibility conditions to predict the assembly response at any spatial location. This method offers an alternative to existing finite element analysis packages that can accurately describe natural frequencies and mode shapes, but are generally less successful at predicting properly-scaled assembly dynamic responses. The ability to accurately predict assembly dynamics allows sensor data recorded at one location on the structure to be compensted for the structural dynamics between the measurement point and actual location of interest. Additionally, knowledge of the response at any location on the structure enables mode shape prediction and, therefore, selection of high signal-to-noise ratio sensor locations.© 2004 ASME
Naturally occurring and artificially produced components of three rhinoviruses.

Abstract Preparations of purified virions of human rhinoviruses type 2 and type 14 and of an equine rhinovirus are each homogeneous by the criteria of electron microscopy and rate-zonal and isopycnic gradient centrifugation. The rhinoviruses differ from each other in intrinsic infectivity and buoyant density in CsCl, while their sedimentation rates in sucrose gradients are similar, about 4% less than poliovirus. Purification in CsCl gradients produces an artifactual increase of 7% in the rhinovirus sedimentation constant, which is reversed with time after removal of CsCl from the preparation. Rhinovirus types differ in part in their four size classes of major polypeptides: VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. Crude preparations also contain empty capsids which sediment at half the rate of the virions, contain VP1 and VP3 and polypeptides larger than any in the virions (VPO). There is another naturally occurring component, the slow component, which sediments 90% as fast as intact virions. The slow component gives rise to a dense component in CsCl gradients which is 0.04–0.05 g/ml more dense than intact virions. The dense component contains RNA, VP1, and VP3. On the basis of indirect evidence, only the smallest polypeptide, VP4, is missing from the slow component, and VP2 is lost during CsCl centrifugation. Components which resemble the slow and dense components can be produced from purified virions in vitro by careful acidification.
Systematic Variation in the Clarity of Demand Characteristics in an Experiment Employing a Confederate

60 female Ss were randomly assigned to observe an autokinetic light under one of three conditions, a no-confederate condition, a silent-confederate condition, and a talking-confederate condition. Predictions derived from Orne's construct of demand characteristics were generally confirmed, including the following: Variance of social influence scores was greatest for Ss with a confederate whose estimates were unknown to S; conformity to the verbal estimates of a confederate was greatest for Ss who believed E expected conformity. The findings could not be explained by achievement striving or self-persuasion.
Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Doped Silicon Carbide in Different Polytypes

We report density functional calculations using the full-potential linearized muffin-tin orbital method on early first row transition metal doped Silicon Carbide in both cubic (3C) and hexagonal (4H) polytypes. The energy levels in the gap for Ti, V and Cr are in good agreement with the available photoluminescence experiments. Our calculation shows that the Ti impurity is active for 4H but not for 3C, while V and Cr impurities are active for both polytypes. The magnetic interactions are very different for Cr and Mn. Cr shows a very local exchange interaction that decays rapidly, which is similar for different polytypes and different sites. The exchange interaction for Mn is quite long range and is very sensitive to the location of the Mn pairs.