cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presence of the Major Progesterone-Induced Proteins of the Sheep Endometrium in Fetal Fluids

Allantoic and amniotic fluids were collected on Days 60 (n = 3), 100 (n = 4), and 140 (n = 3) of pregnancy. The presence of uterine milk proteins (UTM-proteins) in these samples was evaluated by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). Eight of ten samples of allantoic fluid and three of ten samples of amniotic fluid produced one or two immunoprecipitin bands against antiserum to UTM-proteins. Each band fused with immunoprecipitin bands from UTM-proteins purified from uterine fluid. Data from a semi-quantitative ELISA indicated that allantoic fluid from all ewes and amniotic fluid from six of ten ewes contained immunoreactive UTM-proteins. Concentrations of UTM-proteins in these fluids were not statistically affected by day of gestation (p greater than 0.10), but tended to decline as gestation advanced. Greater concentrations of UTM-proteins were detected in allantoic fluid than in amniotic fluid (p less than 0.05). The physical characteristics of the immunoreactive material in allantoic and amniotic fluids were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. The immunoreactive material was found to possess pIs and molecular weights identical to UTM-proteins. These results indicate that fetal fluids contain material that reacts with antiserum to UTM-proteins and has physical properties similar to UTM-proteins. It is likely, therefore, that the UTM-proteins are transported across the placenta during gestation, perhaps to serve some function in the fetal compartment.
Infusing Information Assurance into an Undergraduate CS Curriculum

With the advent of the Internet and the World Wide Web, the focus on securing information has become a topic of increasing importance. To ensure the security of information in a society of e-commerce, e-business, and e-sharing it is essential for graduates of computer science departments to be trained in the fundamentals of information security and to gain hands-on experience with security tools. To address this issue computer science educators are turning their attentions to the development of software and information security courses. The goal of this paper is to describe the development of an Information Assurance track in Computer Science and Information Systems at the undergraduate level. The paper describes existing courses that have been modified to include security concepts as well as the paper introduces the new courses that have been developed.
Representation of generally mixed multivariate aerosols by the quadrature method of moments: II. Aerosol dynamics

Abstract The quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is extended to generally mixed multicomponent particle populations using principal component analysis (PCA). The resulting PCA-QMOM provides a versatile method for moment closure illustrated for generally mixed, multivariate, particle populations evolving under condensation, coagulation, sintering, and simultaneous processes. The method is illustrated using a 2h-point quadrature version of the PCA-QMOM, where h is the number of coordinate dimensions, developed in the preceding paper (Paper I). Calculations for multiple particle populations interacting through coagulation are also presented. A theory is developed for the time-dependence of the covariance matrix of a multicomponent particle population evolving under a size-independent coagulation rate. It is found that the rank of the h×h covariance matrix, for h components, approaches unity at long time as the particle population evolves to an internally mixed, self-preserving size distribution state.
Analysis of Materials from a Late 15th-Early 16th Century Polychromed Wood Sculpture

During conservation, The Detroit Institute of Arts' late Gothic carved wooden sculpture, Madonna and Child, was found to have extensive, though fragmentary, remains of the original polychromy and at least four subsequent “restoration” overpaints. The materials present in the original and overpaintings were probed by polarizing microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses of individual paint specimens, and scanning electron microscopic/energydispersive X-ray analyses of cross sections prepared using an ultramicrotome. Several sections were also studied using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopic staining techniques to determine the nature of the media used. The pigments identified include azurite, lead white, calcite, vermilion, red lead, hematite, red lakes and glazes, smalt and Prussian blue. Gold and silver metal leafs were also detected. The deteriorated remains of the late Gothic pressed brocade technique, and the use of “bronze” paint to approximate genuine gold leaf on a later addition to the sculpture, are also discussed.
Horseradish peroxidase uptake in Vivo by neuronal and glial lysosomes.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected intracerebrally to immature rats, once a day for 3 days. The animals were killed 24 hr after the last injection and the cellular and intracellular localization of the enzymatic tracer in the cerebral cortex was investigated by ultrastructural cytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic level as well as biochemically. By light microscopy it could be shown that the neuronal cell bodies and their dendritic processes took up the HRP tracer selectively and that its intracellular disposition remained confined to the cytoplasm. The HRP reaction product also appeared in neuroglial cells. Microperoxidase, a small molecular weight tracer, whose presence in cells can also be demonstrated by the cytochemical technique used for the demonstration of HRP activity, also entered neuronal cell bodies readily but, unlike HRP, it invaded their space rather indiscriminately including the nucleus. The segregation of HRP in the lysosomes of both neuronal cell bodies and neuroglial cells was demonstrated by electron microscopy. No evidence could be secured for the presence of HRP-positive reaction product in any other intraperikaryal organelle or inside nerve terminals. Oligodendrocytes appeared to concentrate HRP-reaction product in their lysosomes somewhat more avidly than the neurons. Additional evidence for the segregation of HRP in the neuronal lysosome was obtained by demonstrating its presence in neuronal cell bodies isolated in bulk by a recently developed technique. This was accomplished both at the level of the electron microscope and, concurrently, by measurements of HRP activity in homogenates and subcellular fractions prepared from the bulk-isolated neuronal cell bodies. Finally, the association of the injected HRP with a lysosome-rich subfraction obtained by differential and density gradient centrifugation of neuronal homogenates was also established. An incidental observation was the marked reduction, as a result of the repeated administration of HRP to rats 4 or 5 days old, of the specific
Liver Stem Cells: Experimental Findings and Implications for Human Liver Disease

Evidence from human histopathology and experimental studies with rodents and zebrafish has shown that hepatocytes and cholangiocytes may function as facultative stem cells for each other in conditions of impaired regeneration. The interpretation of the findings derived from these studies has generated considerable discussion and some controversies. This review examines the evidence obtained from the different experimental models and considers implications that these studies may have for human liver disease.
Gauging differential health among the sexes at Windover (8Br246) using the Western Hemisphere Health Index

Assessment of intrapopulation human health provides information concerning social structure, division of labor, and lifestyle. Differential health among the sexes can provide clues to social roles, resource acquisition and status within prehistoric populations. Windover (8Br246) is an Archaic mortuary pond located in eastern central Florida. Its occupation spans over 500 years and dates to 7000 years BP. Over 168 well-preserved individuals were excavated, providing a glimpse into life during Florida's Archaic. Through the application of the Western Hemisphere Health Index, we find that males within the group experienced better overall health than females. Males outscore females in quality of life, percent of maximum scores, stature, anemia, dental disease, and infection. Females out-score males in enamel hypoplasia and degenerative joint disease. Causative factors for observed differential health are examined and include activity levels, sexual division of labor, access to resources, and the physiological demands of childbearing.
MAJOR VOLATILES IN TOASTED SESAME SEED OIL

Sesame seed was toasted at 260C for 10 min. Oil was extracted with hexane at room temperature for 10 h. Post-treatment of the oil was not done. One half gram of TenaxR TA 60/80 (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA) was used for trapping the volatile compounds from one hundred milliliters of toasted sesame seed oil. The procedure was continued for 24 h. The TenaxR TA was washed three times using polar and nonpolar solvents. The solvent extracts were combined and concentrated by drying in a hood at room temperature for 6 h. Two μl of concentrated extract were separated on a 30 m DB 1 bonded phase fused silica capillary column (J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA) with a Hewlett Packard (HP) 5890A gas chromatograph connected to a HP 5790 mass selective spectrometer. Volatiles were tentatively identified with a NBS 43K.1 library by PBM (probability based on matching) search. Seventy-nine peaks were detected by the mass selective detector. Among those, 66 peaks were tentatively identified. Dimethylsulfide, 4-methylthiazole, 2,4-dimethylthiazole, methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone, dodecane, tetradecane, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl phenol, N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-dodecamide, cyclododecane, 2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl-1H-indene, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexa-decenul, hexudecanoic acid, 9-octudecenoic mid, ocladecanoic acid, [1,1′:3′,1 ′I-tephenylJ-1′-ol and bis (2-ethyl hexy1)phthulate were the major volutiles identifled tentdively.
The distribution of sojourn times in finite absorbing Markov chains

Abstract The distribution of the time spent before absorption in various states of finite Markov chains with time-independent transition probabilities is derived. All the moments of this distribution are calculated. The problem is of interest in population genetics.
Force-directed scheduling for dynamic power optimization

We present a latency-constrained scheduling algorithm to optimize a design for dynamic power Usage of forces to model power is motivated by the force-directed scheduling (FDS) heuristic proposed by Paulin and Knight (1989). Given a dataflow graph (DFG) and an input data environment, we profile the DFG with representative data streams. Our algorithm reduces dynamic power by reducing switched capacitance inside resources. The switched capacitance of combinations among DFG operations, which could share a resource, and the probability of selecting such a combination, are evaluated. Switched capacitance inside a module is modeled as the spring constant k and probability of selecting the corresponding combination is modeled as the displacement x, in the force equation F=kx. Thus, a force is associated with each feasible combination corresponding to its power cost. Due to numerous possibilities, we obtain a distribution of forces whose mean, standard deviation, and skew are used to make a power-optimal scheduling decision. Compared to original FDS, our algorithm shows average power savings of 16.4% for the same throughput at the cost of a nominal area overhead.
Legislation for the Farmers: Packers and Grain Exchanges

I. The Packers and Stockyard Act of 1921, 688. — Its constitutionality affirmed, 690. — II. The Future Trading Act of 1921, 693. — Held unconstitutional in 1922, 696. — The Grain Futures Act of 1922, 698. — Held constitutional, 700. — The outcome of these measures, 703.
Radiation reduction in pediatric and adult congenital patients during cardiac catheterization.

Objectives Our objective was to determine if technical changes combined with radiation safety initiatives reduced the radiation dose delivered to patients during congenital catheterization. Background Use of ionizing radiation is necessary during cardiac catheterization. Minimizing radiation dose, while maintaining clinically useful image quality, is an important safety issue. In our congenital heart center intentional practice changes, including technical changes and provider awareness initiatives, were implemented to decrease radiation dose. Methods Data were retrospectively collected for all procedures involving children and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing catheterization over 45 months. Cases were divided into three categories including: noninterventional (NI), simple intervention (SI), and complex intervention (CI). The change in dose was modeled as log of cumulative air kerma (Ka,r). The change in Ka,r was evaluated for each procedural category as well as changes occurring as a function of age and weight. Results Considering all procedures (n = 1,082), Ka,r decreased by 61%. In the NI group (n = 481), Ka,r decreased by 71%. In the SI group (n = 424), Ka,r decreased by 74%. The Ka,r for the 10–17 year old group (n = 125) and those ≥18 years (n = 709) decreased 74 and 67%, respectively. The Ka,r decreased 72 and 66% for those 20–60 kg and ≥60 kg, respectively. Groups not showing significant change in Ka,r included CI, age ≤9 years, and weight ≤20 kg. Conclusions Through technical changes and provider awareness initiatives, our institution dramatically reduced the radiation dose in the majority of pediatric and adult CHD patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relaxation of rotational and internal modes of macromolecules determined by dynamic scattering.

About 11 years ago Ford & Benedek (1964) and Cummins, Knable & Yeh (1964) developed some fascinating new light-scattering techniques for the study of macromolecular motions in solution. Enthusiastic researchers have over the years endowed these new methods with a variety of colourful names, including optical mixing or light-beating spectroscopy, heterodyne or homodyne beating, intensity fluctuation spectroscopy, Rayleigh spectroscopy, and quasielastic or dynamic light scattering.
KDM5B regulates embryonic stem cell self‐renewal and represses cryptic intragenic transcription

Although regulation of histone methylation is believed to contribute to embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal, the mechanisms remain obscure. We show here that the histone H3 trimethyl lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylase, KDM5B, is a downstream Nanog target and critical for ESC self-renewal. Although KDM5B is believed to function as a promoter-bound repressor, we find that it paradoxically functions as an activator of a gene network associated with self-renewal. ChIP-Seq reveals that KDM5B is predominantly targeted to intragenic regions and that it is recruited to H3K36me3 via an interaction with the chromodomain protein MRG15. Depletion of KDM5B or MRG15 increases intragenic H3K4me3, increases cryptic intragenic transcription, and inhibits transcriptional elongation of KDM5B target genes. We propose that KDM5B activates self-renewal-associated gene expression by repressing cryptic initiation and maintaining an H3K4me3 gradient important for productive transcriptional elongation.
Recent high resolution photoemission studies of electronic structure in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

Abstract The electronic structure near the Fermi level of K 0.3 MoO 3 and Li 0.9 Mo 6 O 17 , two prototypical quasi-one-dimensional (1D) conductors, has been studied using very high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our results differ from earlier lower resolution studies. For Li 0.9 Mo 6 O 17 we clearly observe a quasi-1D state dispersing through the Fermi level ( E F ) and the opening up of a gap at E F as the sample is cooled through a bulk metal to non-metal transition at 24 K. For K 0.3 MoO 3 we clearly observe two quasi-1D bands cross E F , and measured a temperature dependence to the Fermi surface nesting vector that correlates well with neutron-scattering measurements of the charge density wave vector.
Design of strain compensated InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum well structures for mid-infrared photodiodes

In this paper, the transition wavelength and wave function overlap of type-II In x Ga 1−x As/GaAs 1−y Sb y quantum wells are numerically calculated using a 4-band k · p Hamiltonian model. The simulation results indicate that absorption wavelength from 2μm to 4μm can be achieved with a symmetric strain compensated quantum well structure. For these structures, the transition wavelength and wave function overlap can be optimized by properly selecting the thicknesses and composition of the quantum well layers.
Inhibition of Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I-Mediated Induction of Beta Interferon by the NS1 Protein of Influenza A Virus

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I product (RIG-I) has been identified as a cellular sensor of RNA virus infection resulting in beta interferon (IFN-β) induction. However, many viruses are known to encode viral products that inhibit IFN-β production. In the case of influenza A virus, the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) prevents the induction of the IFN-β promoter by inhibiting the activation of transcription factors, including IRF-3, involved in IFN-β transcriptional activation. The inhibitory properties of NS1 appear to be due at least in part to its binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), resulting in the sequestration of this viral mediator of RIG-I activation. However, the precise effects of NS1 on the RIG-I-mediated induction of IFN-β have not been characterized. We now report that the NS1 of influenza A virus interacts with RIG-I and inhibits the RIG-I-mediated induction of IFN-β. This inhibition was apparent even when a mutant RIG-I that is constitutively activated (in the absence of dsRNA) was used to trigger IFN-β production. Coexpression of RIG-I, its downstream signaling partner, IPS-1, and NS1 resulted in increased levels of RIG-I and NS1 within an IPS-1-rich, solubilization-resistant fraction after cell lysis. These results suggest that RIG-I, IPS-1, and NS1 become part of the same complex. Consistent with this idea, NS1 was also found to inhibit IFN-β promoter activation by IPS-1 overexpression. Our results indicate that, in addition to sequestering dsRNA, the NS1 of influenza A virus binds to RIG-I and inhibits downstream activation of IRF-3, preventing the transcriptional induction of IFN-β.
The GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor: an electron device with optical device reliability

GaAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are of interest for a wide variety of applications. However, concerns about the long-term stability of the device have recently arisen. This paper describes the physics of HBT degradation under bias stress as similar to GaAs light-emitting diode (LED) and laser diode (LD) degradation. TEM, electroluminescence, and electrical measurements support this model. Additionally, the model also indicates the factors in epitaxial growth and device processing that are critical to device reliability.
Directed Overexpression of Suppressor 2 of zeste and Posterior Sex Combs Results in Bristle Abnormalities in Drosophila melanogaster

Three dominant second-chromosome rearrangement mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, Aristapedioid1 (Arp), vestigial-Depilate (vgD), and vestigial62 (vg62), result in developmental abnormalities of the bristle sense organs on the notum, abdomen, legs, and wing margin. The bristle abnormalities are associated with overexpression of Suppressor 2 of zeste (Su(z)2). We constructed and transformed into flies Hsp70:cDNA constructs for Su(z)2 and the related and neighboring Polycomb group (Pc-G) gene Posterior Sex Combs (Psc). Heat shock-induced overexpression of these two genes (hs-Su(z)2 and hs-Psc) resulted in similar bristle abnormalities that in a developmental stage-specific manner mimicked those seen with the three rearrangement mutations. In addition, hs-Psc overexpression at white prepupae was lethal. The bristle abnormalities are reminiscent of those seen with reduced function of Notch, a neurogenic gene. We found that hs-Su(z)2 overexpression reduced the expression of a lac z enhancer trap in the neurogenic gene neuralized. Previous experiments found that loss of function mutations in Su(z)2 resulted in no bristle abnormalities. Analysis of Psc mitotic clones revealed no essential function of Psc in bristle development. Antibody staining of salivary gland polytene chromosomes showed that after heat shock induction of hs-Psc, Psc protein binds ectopically to hundreds of polytene chromosome loci. These data suggest that the bristle abnormalities seen with overexpression of Su(z)2 and Psc may result from altered expression of genes involved in bristle sense organ development that are not normal regulatory targets of these genes.
Understanding the life cycle of computer-based models: the role of expert contributions in design, development and implementation

This paper examined the nuances of the background process of design and development and follow up classroom implementation of computer-based models for high school chemistry. More specifically, the study examined the knowledge contributions of an interdisciplinary team of experts; points of tensions, negotiations and non-negotiable aspects of model design; and the evolutionary trajectory of technological artefacts as they are readied for classroom implementation. A Discourse-in-use methodological approach examined planning sessions involved in the design and development of models and a case study of classroom implementation in two high school chemistry classrooms were conducted. The data included transcripts of planning sessions, classroom observations and teacher and student interviews. Design and development sessions reflected five major themes: (i) the nature of models: function, goals and limitations of models (ii) the role of students, background knowledge, and goals for student learning (ii) pedagogical decisions of the modeling process (iv) models and assessment and (v) the role of implementation. In comparison to the educator group, the scientist/programmer knowledge contributions dominated the form that technologies eventually assumed. Surely, implementation exposed teacher and student challenges with sub micro NetLogo representations; this finding reinforced the tensions and non-negotiable aspects of design that were involved in ensuring accurate representations. Models were configured to accommodate what was scientifically and technically reproducible within the constraints of context. However, these visual representations were not always commensurable with chemistry expectations at the high school level. These findings have implications for pedagogical decisions aligned with implementation, content understanding and assessment; and the sustainability of computer-based models in precollege science classrooms.
Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis Application on Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) and LdNPV-Induced Mortality of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Abstract The effect of aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki Berliner ( Btk) on mortality of gypsy moth larvae caused by the entomopathogens Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu, & Soper, and the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus ( LdNPV) was evaluated. Three sites in 1997 and four sites in 1998 were established in a randomized complete block design. Larvae were collected weekly to determine the proportion infected with E. maimaiga and LdNPV. In 1997, epizootics of E. maimaiga in control plots boosted infection rates (61%) to levels twice that in Btk-treated plots (33%). Postseason egg mass density and defoliation did not differ between treatments, indicating population reduction early in the season by Btk or late in the season by E. maimaiga was equivalent. Few larvae became infected with LdNPV in 1997, probably because of the relatively low densities of gypsy moth larvae. In 1998, E. maimaiga was again more active in control plots than in Btk-treated plots, but dry weather cond...
Evaluation of Silica-Supported Metal and Metal Phosphide Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol Under Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Conditions

A series of metal and metal phosphide catalysts were investigated for the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol under ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis conditions (350 °C, 0.5 MPa, 12 H2:1 guaiacol, weight hourly space velocity 5 h−1). Ligand-capped Ni, Pt, Rh, Ni2P, and Rh2P nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using solution-phase synthesis techniques and dispersed on a silica support. For the metal phosphide NP-catalysts, a synthetic route that relies on the decomposition of a single molecular precursor was employed. The reactivity of the NP-catalysts was compared to a series of reference materials including Ni/SiO2 and Pt/SiO2 prepared using incipient wetness (IW) impregnation and a commercial (com) Pt/SiO2 catalyst. The NP-Ni/SiO2 catalyst exhibited the largest reduction in the oxygen mol% of the organic phase and outperformed the IW-Ni/SiO2 material. Although it was less active for guaiacol conversion than NP-Ni/SiO2, NP-Rh2P/SiO2 demonstrated the largest production of completely deoxygenated products and the highest selectivity to anisole, benzene, and cyclohexane, suggesting that it is a promising catalyst for deoxygenation of aryl-OH bonds. The com-Pt/SiO2 and IW-Pt/SiO2 catalyst exhibited the highest normalized rate of guaiacol conversion per m2 and per gram of active phase, respectively, but did not produce any completely deoxygenated products.
Mind and Life: Is the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature False?

A partial review of Thomas Nagel’s book, Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False is used to articulate some systems-theoretic ideas about the challenge of understanding subjective experience. The article accepts Nagel’s view that reductionist materialism fails as an approach to this challenge, but argues that seeking an explanation of mind based on emergence is more plausible than seeking one based on panpsychism, which Nagel favors. However, the article proposes something similar to Nagel’s neutral monism by positing a hierarchy of information processes that spans the domains of matter, life, and mind. As depicted in this hierarchy, subjective experience is emergent, but also continuous with informational phenomena at lower levels.
Tarasoff as a Duty to Treat: Insights from Criminal Law

In most jurisdictions, the Tarasoff duty is defined as a duty on the part of mental health professionals to act on patient threats of serious harm to identified individuals. Although breach of this duty has, to date, only led to civil liability, a good case can that it should lead to criminal liability as well, not just for something minor like a failure to report a potential crime, but for the felony committed by the patient. Furthermore, to the extent Tarasoff requires merely a warning after a serious threat to an identified victim, this civil and criminal liability could logically be imposed on laypeople as well as clinicians, since laypeople are just as adept as clinicians at identifying when a specific individual has been threatened and at warning the potential victim. To avoid that result (which in effect would reinstall misprision of felony as a serious crime), Tarasoff should be reconceptualized as a duty to treat dangerousness, not as an omnibus duty to prevent harm to third parties. As a practical matter, this duty would most likely result in liability (civil and criminal) when a mental health professional: (1) knows that a patient has genuinely threatened an identified person with serious bodily harm; (2) knows that the patient has engaged in conduct aimed at achieving that end; and (3) fails to commit or otherwise treat the patient in a manner calculated to alleviate the danger. In short, this symposium piece argues, a mental health professional in a Tarasoff situation should have a duty to treat but should never have a duty to warn the potential victim or call the police, unless we are also prepared to make non-clinicians equally liable, civilly and criminally, for failing to take such steps under the same conditions.
Contact resistance and phase slips in mesoscopic superfluid-atom transport

We experimentally measure transport of superfluid, bosonic atoms in a mesoscopic system: a small channel connecting two large reservoirs. Starting far from equilibrium (superfluid in a single reservoir), we observe first resistive flow transitioning at a critical current into superflow, characterized by oscillations. We reproduce this full evolution with a simple electronic circuit model. We compare our fitted conductance to two different microscopic phenomenological models. We also show that the oscillations are consistent with LC oscillations as estimated by the kinetic inductance and effective capacitance in our system. Our experiment provides an attractive platform to begin to probe the mesoscopic transport properties of a dilute, superfluid, Bose gas.
Suppression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activation through ASK2/14-3-3 interaction

A83 The important function of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) in stress-induced cell death requires that it is highly regulated. Previous findings have shown that ASK2 is an ASK1 binding partner. Here we describe a novel function of ASK2, mediating the interaction between ASK1 and the cell survival protein 14-3-3. We found that ASK2 interacts with 14-3-3, a process that is both phosphorylation-dependent and mediated through the amphipathic groove of 14-3-3. Phosphorylation at serine 964 of ASK2 is critical for binding to 14-3-3, as an alanine mutation at this site completely abolishes interaction. Interestingly, the ASK2 S964A mutation decreases ASK1 and 14-3-3 interaction. This dissociation is correlated with a decrease in the phosphorylation at ASK1 serine 967, the critical residue required for ASK1 interaction with 14-3-3, and a concomminent increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, a downstream target of activated ASK1. This data allows us to propose a model whereby ASK2 interaction with 14-3-3 is first necessary in order for ASK1 to bind with and be regulated by 14-3-3.
Cardiac anaphylaxis in isolated guinea pig hearts perfused at constant flow or constant pressure.

Acute responses to antigen-antibody interactions (anaphylactic reactions) in isolated guinea pig hearts are reported to include decreases in coronary flow, increases in heart rate, prolongation of impulse propagation, development of arrhythmias, and transient increases followed by substantial decreases in ventricular contractile force. It is not clear from these studies, however, whether all of the changes are direct effects of the mediators released by the antigen-antibody reaction or whether some of them are indirect results of the severe reduction in flow evoked by coronary vasoconstriction. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess cardiac anaphylactic events in isolated hearts of guinea pigs passively sensitized with IgG antibody to ovalbumin under conditions in which coronary perfusion pressure was maintained constant and to compare the responses to those of hearts in which coronary flow was maintained at a constant rate. Our data indicate that when coronary flow decreased during anaphylaxis (constant pressure perfusion), hearts responded to antigen challenge with greater (i) prolongation of the PR interval, (ii) duration of arrhythmias, (iii) suppression of left ventricular systolic pressure, and (iv) release of histamine and adenosine plus inosine into the venous effluent than when coronary flow was maintained during anaphylaxis (constant flow perfusion). The data suggest that maintenance of coronary flow during cardiac anaphylaxis may attenuate the severity of the functional derangement. o 1987 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. An immediate hypersensitivity reaction (i.e., anaphylaxis) is associated with significant alterations in cardiac as well as pulmonary function ( 1-3). Studies from isolated guinea pig hearts indicate that antigen/antibody-in- duced changes in cardiac function include in- creases in coronary vascular resistance and heart rate, prolongations in PR intervals with arrhythmia generation, and minor increases followed by large decreases in myocardial contractile force (3-9). However, it is not clear from these previous studies of preparations perfused at constant pressure to what extent the changes are a result of the severe reduction in flow that accompanies coronary vasocon- striction. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the anaphylactic reaction in iso- lated hearts under conditions where coronary flow was maintained at a constant value throughout the experiment. These results were compared with those obtained from hearts perfused at a constant pressure in which the coronary flow decreased during anaphylaxis. Variables examined included coronary vas- cular resistance, atrial and ventricular beating rates, left ventricular pressure, and PR interval.
Scientific visualization in drug discovery and development.

Scientific visualization has progressed significantly over the last century since the discovery of X-rays in 1895 and is used widely in many industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, there is a growing need for visualizing disease progression (or reversal) and for visualizing the effectiveness of a drug in animal models and in humans during clinical studies. Improvements in imaging technology could assist in decreasing the time from proof-of-concept to when a drug is finally launched. Many new drugs are entering the pipeline and progress in visualization technology should enhance the objective determination for predicting success or failure in a drug program. "A picture is worth a thousand words." Therefore, by collecting images, which provide information on molecular events, gene expression, biochemical subsystems, anatomical modifications and physiological perturbations, we positively and creatively alter our perception in our explorations of anatomy, disease mechanisms and drug interventions.
Interactions between respiratory oscillators in adult rats.

Breathing in mammals is hypothesized to result from the interaction of two distinct oscillators: the preBotzinger Complex (preBotC) driving inspiration and the lateral parafacial region (pFL) driving active expiration. To understand the interactions between these oscillators, we independently altered their excitability in spontaneously breathing vagotomized urethane-anesthetized adult rats. Hyperpolarizing preBotC neurons decreased inspiratory activity and initiated active expiration, ultimately progressing to apnea, i.e., cessation of both inspiration and active expiration. Depolarizing pFL neurons produced active expiration at rest, but not when inspiratory activity was suppressed by hyperpolarizing preBotC neurons. We conclude that in anesthetized adult rats active expiration is driven by the pFL but requires an additional form of network excitation, i.e., ongoing rhythmic preBotC activity sufficient to drive inspiratory motor output or increased chemosensory drive. The organization of this coupled oscillator system, which is essential for life, may have implications for other neural networks that contain multiple rhythm/pattern generators.
Pathmakers: Women in Art, Craft and Design, Midcentury and Today

The Museum of Arts and Design (MAD) was founded in 1956 as the Museum of Contemporary Crafts and reinvented in 1979 as the American Craft Museum, before receiving its current moniker in 2002 (MAD 2...
On-sky Doppler performance of TOU optical very high-resolution spectrograph for detecting low-mass planets

The TOU robotic, compact very high resolution optical spectrograph (R=100,000, 0.38-0.9 microns) has been fully characterized at the 2 meter Automatic Spectroscopy Telescope (AST) at Fairborn Observatory in Arizona during its pilot survey of 12 bright FGK dwarfs in 2015. This instrument has delivered sub m/s Doppler precision for bright reference stars (e.g., 0.7 m/s for Tau Ceti over 60 days) with 5-30 min exposures and 0.7 m/s long-term instrument stability, which is the best performance among all of the known Doppler spectrographs to our knowledge. This performance was achieved by maintaining the instrument in a very high vacuum of 1 micron torr and about 0.5 mK (RMS) long-term temperature stability through an innovative close-loop instrument bench temperature control. It has discovered a 21 Earth-mass planet (P=43days) around a bright K dwarf and confirmed three super-Earth planetary systems, HD 1461, 190360 and HD 219314. This instrument will be used to conduct the Dharma Planet Survey (DPS) in 2016-2019 to monitor ~100 nearby very bright FGK dwarfs (most of them brighter than V=8) at the dedicated 50-inch Robotic Telescope on Mt. Lemmon. With very high RV precision and high cadence (~100 observations per target randomly spread over 450 days), a large number of rocky planets, including possible habitable ones, are expected to be detected. The survey also provides the largest single homogenous high precision RV sample of nearby stars for studying low mass planet populations and constraining various planet formation models. Instrument on-sky performance is summarized.
When Does Co-Rumination Facilitate Depression Contagion in Adolescent Friendships? Investigating Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Factors

Research supports the notion that adolescents’ mental health is impacted by peers via contagion processes. A growing area of interest has been how co-rumination may influence depressive symptoms within friendships. The current study examined particular conditions under which co-rumination is especially likely to facilitate depression contagion. Participants were adolescents (N = 480, 49% female, M age = 14.6 years, 59.5% European American) paired in friendship dyads and assessed over 9 months. Characteristics of the adolescent (personal distress), of the friend (excessive reassurance seeking), and of the friendship (friendship quality) were considered. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that co-rumination facilitated depression contagion only under conditions of adolescents’ high personal distress, friends’ high excessive reassurance seeking, and high positive friendship quality. This research underscores the importance of attending to how and under what conditions depression contagion occurs within f...
A new animal model of binge eating: Key synergistic role of past caloric restriction and stress

Dieting and stress are important in the etiology and maintenance of eating disorders, and dieting strongly predicts stress-induced overeating in humans. We hypothesized that caloric restriction and stress interact in a unique manner to promote binge eating. To test this hypothesis, a group of young female rats were cycled through a restriction period (4 days of 66% of control food intake) followed by 6 days of free feeding prior to being stressed by acute foot shock. After three of these cycles, the food intake of rats exposed only to restriction (R), or only to stress (S), did not differ from controls. However, R+S rats that were restricted and refed, despite normal body weight and food intake after free feeding, engaged in a powerful bout of hyperphagia when stressed (Experiment 1). The R + S effect was replicated in an older group of rats (Experiment 2). The hyperphagia was characteristically binge-like, it constituted a 40% selective increase in highly palatable (HP) food (P < .001) over a discrete period of time (within 24 h post-stress), and reflected feeding for reward (higher HP:chow ratio) over metabolic need as occurred after restriction (higher chow:HP ratio). Subsequent experiments revealed that binge eating did not occur if only chow was available (Experiment 3) or if restriction-refeeding (R-R) did not proximally precede stress (Experiment 4). Experiment 5 revealed that a history of R-R cycles followed by only one stress episode was sufficient to increase intake to 53% above controls as early as 2 h after stress (P < .001). This animal model of binge eating should facilitate investigations into the neurochemical changes induced by dieting and environmental stress to produce disordered eating and provide a preclinical tool to test preventive strategies and treatments more relevant to bulimia nervosa, multiple cases of binge eating disorder (BED) and binge-purge type anorexia nervosa.
Rate of Asymptotic Convergence Near an Isolated Singularity of $$\hbox {G}_2$$ G 2 Manifold

In this paper, a metric with $$\hbox {G}_2$$ holonomy and slow rate of convergence to the cone metric is constructed on a ball inside the cone over the flag manifold.
State of the art of intelligent materials systems

The lecture presents an overview and assessment of the technology leading to the development on intelligent structures. Intelligent structures are those which incorporate actuators and sensors that are highly integrated into the structure and have structural functionnality, as well as highly integrated control logic, signal conditioning and power amplification electronics. Recent progress will be reviewed in the following areas : high strain actuation materials, sensor design and optimization and packaging of components into an intelligent ply.In addition, larger scale applications of intelligent structures will be presented, including in active aeroelastic aircraft wings, and active precision optical benches.
BMI-1 is a potential therapeutic target in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a poor-prognosis pediatric brain tumor. No effective curative therapy is currently available and no therapeutic advances have been made in several decades. BMI-1 is a member of the multimeric protein complex Polycomb repressor complex 1. It is highly expressed in a number of diseases and malignancies and has been implicated in self-renewal of normal and cancer cells, and in DNA damage signaling. The role of BMI-1 in DIPG is largely unknown. Here, we show that BMI-1 is highly expressed in tumor tissue samples of DIPG patients and in patient-derived cancer stem-like cells. BMI-1 downregulation leads to the inhibition of DIPG patient-derived neurosphere cell proliferation, cell cycle signaling, self-renewal, telomerase expression and activity, and suppresses DIPG cell migration. Moreover, targeted inhibition of BMI-1 sensitizes DIPG cells to radiomimetic drug-induced DNA damage. Together, our data validate BMI-1 as a potential therapeutic target to treat children with DIPG.
RF aspects of magnetic resonance imaging

This presentation will focus on some of the RF aspects of the MR process and MR scanners. The MR image construction process and the control of the various steps that manipulate the atomic nuclei to generate the final MR diagnostic image put demanding constraints on RF equipment capabilities and these will be discussed, along with a high-level overview of the various components making up conventional MRI systems. This high-level overview will include a look at various examples of transmit and receive RF systems and examples of transmit and receive coils that make up MR scanners and system diagrams for both the RF transmit and receive paths. The talk will then narrow in scope to look at how these RF coils are modeled and controlled in both transmit and receive states and how these components are used for transmit/receive switching and patient and equipment protection. The talk will conclude with a look at current research that will eventually find its way into clinical and research scanners.
The adult-child relationship in breastfeeding and development: a Merleau-Pontian perspective on the existential and social conflicts in childrearing

This paper discusses Merleau-Ponty’s use of idea of ambivalence and its role in psychological conflicts. Merleau-Ponty affirms ambivalent conflicts as lived and social rather than biologically determined, as one might have in some developmental accounts, or hidden, as in some psychoanalytic accounts. With this concept, the paper takes up feminist considerations of the conflicts experienced by mothers in breastfeeding. It argues that the Merleau-Pontian and feminist approach to considering breastfeeding provides a nuanced model for thinking about development that is better suited to cases where both the child and the parent are co-evolving.
Multimodality and footing in peer correction in reading picture books

Abstract This paper is a talk-in-interaction investigation of the multimodal design of peer correction in reading picture books. The focus is on what Erickson (1982a) calls the “double functionality” of moves involved in engaging in a learning task, where one aspect is subject matter content (e.g., correction of a misread word) and the second is a social relational aspect. In examining these features of children’s peer reading, Goffman’s (1981) notion of footing is applied so as to explore the diverse modalities through which children establish their own social order. This paper argues that by locating the achievement of reading a new word within the situated activity of reading with a peer, we are able to see children’s competence and agency in enacting an environment for language and literacy learning. The evidence presented to support this argument draws into question dominant characterizations of peer talk in classroom settings as being unproductive or impoverished.
Abstract P264: Interaction of Collecting Duct-Derived Prorenin and Soluble Prorenin Receptor Increases Intraluminal Renin Activity and Augments Intratubular Angiotensin II Formation in Ang II-Dependent Hypertensive Rats

Upregulation of collecting duct (CD)-derived renin (CD renin) in angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension may provide a pathway for intratubular Ang II formation by acting on angiotensinogen (AGT) delivered from proximal tubule segments. Recently, a prorenin/renin receptor (PRR) has been cloned and shown to enhance renin and prorenin activation. The soluble form of the PRR (sPRR) is augmented in the renal inner medulla of chronic Ang II-infused rats. The present study was performed to determine if renin is secreted into the lumen by the CD cells in chronic Ang II-infused rats and to establish the functional contribution of sPRR to the enhanced renin activity in distal nephron segments. Accordingly, urinary levels of renin ( uRen ) and Ang II ( uAngII ) were measured by RIA in chronic Ang II-infused male Sprague-Dawley rats [80 ng/min, SC minipumps for 14 d, n=10] and sham-operated rats [n=10]. Systolic blood pressure increased in the Ang II rats by Day 5 and continued to increase throughout the study (Day 13; Ang II: 175±10 vs. sham: 116±2 mmHg; p <0.05). Although plasma renin activity (PRA) was suppressed in the Ang II-infused rats, renal medullary renin content was significantly augmented (12,605±1,343 vs. 7,956±765 ng Ang I/h/mg; p <0.05). The excretion of uAngII was also increased (3,813±431 vs. 2,080±361 fmol/day; p <0.05). In addition, renin and prorenin excretion rates increased progressively and were markedly augmented by Day 13 of Ang II infusion [renin (8.6±1.5 vs. 2.8±0.5x10-6Enzyme Units Excreted (EUE) /day; prorenin: 15.8 ± 2.8 vs. 2.6 ± 0.7x10-3 EUE /day, p <0.05). Renin and prorenin protein levels examined by Western Blot in the urine were similarly increased. Importantly, the incubation of urine samples of Ang II-infused rats with recombinant human prorenin showed increased Ang I formation compared to sham-operated rats. In conclusion, in chronic Ang II-infused rats, the presence of sPRR in the urine reflects augmented enzymatic activity of prorenin secreted by the principal cells of the CD, which increase intratubular Ang II de novo formation in the distal nephron segments thus contributing to enhanced sodium reabsorption during Ang II-dependent hypertension.
Posting and Slotting: How Hiring Processes Shape the Quality of Hire and Compensation in Internal Labor Markets:

Recent research highlights the benefits of internal hiring––filling a job by hiring a worker currently employed by the organization––and more than half of jobs are filled that way. Yet we know surp...