cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PSEUDOMONAS SPP.‐MEDIATED REGULATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND ROSMARINIC ACID LEVELS IN SHOOT‐BASED CLONAL LINES OF THYME (THYMUS VULGARIS L.)

Plant phenolics are secondary plant products, sometimes synthesized as chemical defenses to microorganisms, and also serve as potential sources of food preservatives. In this study, we have investigated the extent of stimulation of total phenolics and rosmarinic acid (RA) levels in three in vitro shoot culture-based thyme clonal lines in response to a novel Pseudomonas spp. previously isolated from oregano tissue cultures. Clonal lines chosen for this study were the high phenolic line T-12 and the medium- and low-phenolic lines T-16G and M-3. Results indicate that different strains of Pseudomonas stimulated total phenolic levels and RA accumulation to varying degrees. Mucoid strain M4 elicited the highest levels of RA in clonal line T-12 on day 25. A moderate degree of RA stimulation in response to M4 was observed in clonal line M-3. Mucoid strain F elicited the highest total phenolic levels in T-12 on day 25. Nonmucoid strain NMA elicited stimulation of total phenolic compounds and RA to some degree only in clonal line T-16G. A 30 day time course analysis in line T-12 indicated that strains F and NMA, elicited the highest phenolic levels. RA synthesis appeared to be stimulated in response to M4 at later stages of growth and reduced stimulation was apparent in response to F and NMA. The mechanical rigidity of T-12 shoots appeared to be highest in response to mucoid strain M4, indicating the possibility of increased lignin formation. This Pseudomonas-thyme clonal system provides a foundation to investigate the microbially-elicited stimulation of biosynthetic pathways leading to novel antimicrobials and antioxidants.
High-Resolution deconvolution techniques and their applications in ultrasonic NDE

The technique of ultrasonic pulse echo measurement is a very cost-effective method of non-destructive evaluation (NDE). These measurements are, however, usually masked by the characteristics of the measuring equipment and the propagation paths taken by the ultrasonic pulse. With a proper modeling of the pulse echo, these effects can be reduced by deconvolution. In this paper, several deconvolution algorithms that have been popularly used in other areas such as seismic explorations are revised and adapted to ultrasonic NDE applications. Simulation results are presented to support the feasibility of using these algorithms to extract impulse responses from the ultrasonic pulse echoes for use in defect classifications. The performances and computational complexities of these algorithms are analyzed and compared. In addition, application of these deconvolution techniques to B-scan enhancement is also discussed.
Diurnal Patterns in Host Finding by Potato Aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Homoptera: Aphididae), is an abundant potato pest and vector of potato leaf-roll virus and potato virus Y in Maine and other potato growing areas. We investigated the circadian rhythmicity of its movement towards host plant odor. Effects of daily cycle (day or night) and illumination (light or dark) on the proportion of aphids colonizing potato leaflets were determined in a Petri plate arena and in a Y-tube olfactometer. In Petri dishes, both daily cycle and light had a highly significant effect on plant colonization. Increasing temperature reduced aphid colonization of the leaflets. In the olfactometer, light had a significant effect on the proportion of aphids walking towards the host plant. Interaction between time and light was also statistically significant, with the effect of illumination being smaller during the day than during the night. Our results suggest that circadian rhythm in host-finding behavior of the potato aphid is regulated by both exogenous and endogenous mechanisms.
Temporal changes of mechanical signals and extracellular composition in human intervertebral disc during degenerative progression

In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model was used to investigate the changes in tissue composition and mechanical signals within human lumbar intervertebral disc during the degenerative progression. This model was developed based on the cell-activity coupled mechano-electrochemical mixture theory. The disc degeneration was simulated by lowering nutrition levels at disc boundaries, and the temporal and spatial distributions of the fixed charge density, water content, fluid pressure, Von Mises stress, and disc deformation were analyzed. Results showed that fixed charge density, fluid pressure, and water content decreased significantly in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the inner to middle annulus fibrosus (AF) regions of the degenerative disc. It was found that, with degenerative progression, the Von Mises stress (relative to that at healthy state) increased within the disc, with a larger increase in the outer AF region. Both the disc volume and height decreased with the degenerative progression. The predicted results of fluid pressure change in the NP were consistent with experimental findings in the literature. The knowledge of the variations of temporal and spatial distributions of composition and mechanical signals within the human IVDs provide a better understanding of the progression of disc degeneration.
The Future of National Manufacturing Policy

over the issue of the correct growth strategy. A critical dimension of this debate has been the role the government should play in achieving desired growth rates. Nowhere has this struggle been more pronounced than in the debate over rationales for government support of the domestic manufacturing sector. Philosophies vary from a broadly activist government role to complete laissez faire. The optimal government role depends completely on the underlying economics. In this regard, leading economies have succeeded over time by investing in a set of assets and learning how to manage those assets effectively. The first industrial revolution (1750 to 1850) began as a rudimentary factory system in which small businesses used emerging crude machines and locally available supplies of power to manufacture a fairly limited range of products. By the second industrial revolution (approximately 1860 to 1910), production technologies based on numerous scientific developments had expanded to a wide range of product categories. The critical processing technology characteristics were mass production, interchangeable parts (i.e., standardization), and the assembly line. In the United States, massive investments in new types of infrastructure such as a national transportation network (particularly railroads), electricity, and an expanded and consolidated financial market were critical to the so-called Gilded Age of the late 19 century. The driver of advancement in process technology was the growing mechanization, not only of individual industries but also of entire supply chains, which created cheaper ways of making products. The key metric was achieving economies of scale. Machines were designed, plants were organized, and labor skills were specified in order to produce large volumes of undifferentiated products. As Henry Ford famously stated, “Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black.” Economic historians will eventually pass judgment on the characteristics of the current drivers of manufacturing: information technology, nanoscience, and systems engineering. Still, regardless of when this information age is determined to
Sirt2 Deacetylase Is A Novel AKT Binding Partner Critical For AKT Activation By Insulin

AKT/PKB kinases transmit insulin and growth factor signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). AKT activation involves phosphorylation at two residues, Thr308 and Ser473, mediated by PDK1 and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), respectively. Impaired AKT activation is a key factor in metabolic disorders involving insulin resistance, whereas hyperactivation of AKT is linked to cancer pathogenesis. Here, we identify the cytoplasmic NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirt2, as a novel AKT interactor, required for optimal AKT activation. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic down-regulation of Sirt2 diminished AKT activation in insulin and growth factor-responsive cells, whereas Sirt2 overexpression enhanced the activation of AKT and its downstream targets. AKT was prebound with Sirt2 in serum or glucose-deprived cells, and the complex dissociated following insulin treatment. The binding was mediated by the pleckstrin homology and the kinase domains of AKT and was dependent on AMP-activated kinase. This regulation involved a novel AMP-activated kinase-dependent Sirt2 phosphorylation at Thr101. In cells with constitutive PI3K activation, we found that AKT also associated with a nuclear sirtuin, Sirt1; however, inhibition of PI3K resulted in dissociation from Sirt1 and increased association with Sirt2. Sirt1 and Sirt2 inhibitors additively inhibited the constitutive AKT activity in these cells. Our results suggest potential usefulness of Sirt1 and Sirt2 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer cells with up-regulated PI3K activity and of Sirt2 activators in the treatment of insulin-resistant metabolic disorders.
Heat deposition, damage, and tritium breeding characteristics in thick liquid wall blanket concepts

The advanced power extraction (APEX) study aims at exploring new and innovative blanket concepts that can efficiently extract power from fusion devices with high neutron wall load. Among the concepts under investigation is the free liquid FW:liquid blanket concept in which a fast flowing liquid FW ( 2‐3 cm) is followed by thick flowing blanket (B) of 40‐50 cm thickness with minimal amount of structure. The liquid FW:B are contained inside the vacuum vessel (VV) with a shielding zone (S) located either behind the VV and outside the vacuum boundary (case A) or placed after the FW:B and inside the VV (case B). In this paper we investigate the nuclear characteristics of this concept in terms of: (1) attenuation capability of the liquid FW:B:S and protection of the VV and magnet against radiation damage; (2) profiles of tritium production rate and tritium breeding ratio (TBR) for several liquid candidates; and (3) profiles of heat deposition rate and power multiplication. The candidate liquid breeders considered are Li, Flibe, Li‐Sn, and Li‐Pb. Parameters varied are (1) FW:B thickness, L, (2) Li-6 enrichment and (3) thickness of the shield. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Surgical treatment for isolated atrial fibrillation: minimally invasive vs. classic cut and sew maze.

ObjectiveWe sought to compare outcomes after two surgical approaches for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF): a minimally invasive, staged hybrid approach combining surgery with catheter abla...
Vietnamese Parent Attitudes Toward Bilingual Education

Abstract One hundred and six Vietnamese parents were given a questionnaire to assess their attitudes toward bilingual education and its underlying principles. The majority of parents preferred that their children be enrolled in a classroom where Vietnamese was part of the curriculum regardless of English proficiency. Parents believed that bilingual education allows children to keep up in subject matter while acquiring English, that developing literacy in Vietnamese would facilitate their English acquisition, that learning subject matter first in the primary language would make the subject matter more understandable in English, that bilingualism had practical, career, and cognitive related advantages, and that it was necessary to maintain language and culture.
Optimal control with multiple control periods

The multiperiod optimal control problem is formulated and solved using dynamic programming.
Hazard Model for Repaired System

A scalar modification model is suggested for the hazard-rate function of a repaired system. This model retains the shape of the hazard-rate function of the original system and shows the effects of aging before failure and repair. It seems reasonable and lends itself to estimation. As an example, a constant hazard-rate is used for the original system; a numerical example is worked out. Further research is needed to study the properties of and variations to this model.
Seasonal carcass composition and energy balance of female black ducks in Maine

Female Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) collected in Maine during the summer, fall, and winter of 1974-1976 showed significant seasonal variation in body weight, nonfat dry weight, gizzard and pectoral muscle weight, and fat, moisture, and protein content. Variation of body weight within and among seasons was correlated more strongly with carcass protein content, and with fat content during seasons of heavy lipid deposition, than with three structural size variables (culmen, tarsus, and sternum). Regression equations including fat and protein as independent variables accounted for 80-90% of the annual and seasonal variation in body weight; structural size variables alone accounted for less than 30%. Immature females averaged 54 and 99 g lighter, and carried 54 and 59 g less fat than adults during the fall and winter. Ducks of both age classes lost weight in December and January. Adult and immature females metabolized 59 and 64 g of fat and 17 and 25 g of protein in winter compared with 46 g of fat during the nesting season. Nutrient reserves are thus equally as important for the winter survival of these birds as for successfurl eproduction. Seasonalc hangesi n carcass composition suggest that (1) fat deposited in late fall provides an energy reserve during winter, (2) a reduction in lean weight during winter may lower daily energy requirements and increase the effective amount of energy reserves, and (3) declining body weights during late winter may be an endogenous rhythm that reflects a shift in the expected benefits of an energy reserve compared to the costs of carrying additional weight.
The effects of surface structure on the electrophoretic mobilities of large particles

Abstract The electrophoretic mobility of a particle whose gross radius of curvature greatly exceeds the Debye length is calculated without assuming that the particle has a smooth surface. The particle's surface is modeled as a layer of appendages which exert frictional forces on the solvent. The functional dependence of the electrophoretic mobility on the surface geometry, surface charge density, and ionic strength is determined using the Debye—Bueche theory of polymer hydrodynamics. It is found that the surface structure can result in an augmented or a diminished electrophoretic velocity relative to that of a smooth body. The Debye—Bueche theory fails at high ionic strengths, and a second model is introduced to consider that regime. A Pade approximant is constructed from the two models, yielding an expression for the electrophoretic mobility which should be valid over a greater range of ionic strengths. Mobilities calculated from the Pade approximant agree reasonably well with the measured mobilities of human erythrocytes as a function of ionic strength.
Pulsed hollow-cathode discharge for extreme-ultraviolet lasers and radiation sources.

This Letter reports the operation of a pulsed hollow-cathode discharge that creates high densities of excited-state lithium ions. This discharge operates at high current density (25 A/cm2) and high voltage (1000 V) and may be useful for the realization of proposed schemes for XUV lasers and radiation sources based on storage in metastable levels.
Putamen volume reduction on magnetic resonance imaging exceeds caudate changes in mild Huntington's disease.

The characteristic pathological features of Huntington's disease (HD) are neostriatal atrophy and neuronal loss. Although neuroradiological studies often show caudate atrophy in patients with moderate HD, frequently no caudate atrophy is found early in the illness. There have been no quantitative reports to date on in vivo putamen volume measures in mild HD, although the structure is known to be neuropathologically involved in the illness. We measured volumes of caudate nucleus and putamen and bicaudate ratios (BCR) from magnetic resonance images, blind to diagnosis, in 15 patients with mild HD and 19 age- and sex-matched control subjects using a computerized image analysis system. The region showing greatest atrophy was the putamen, which was reduced 50.1% in mean volume in HD patients compared with control subjects (p<0.000001). In contrast, caudate volume was reduced 27.7% (p = 0.004). BCR was increased 28.5% in HD patients (p = 0.0002). Discriminant function analysis was 94% effective in identifying the diagnostic group based on putamen volume alone, whereas caudate measures had considerable overlap. Correction of putamen volume for head size led to 100% separation by group. Putamen measures and BCR correlated with neurological examination scores but caudate volume did not. Volumetric measurement of putamen is a more sensitive indicator of brain abnormalities in mild HD than measures of caudate atrophy.
Ha-ras rare alleles in breast cancer susceptibility

Over the last several years, evidence has accumulated to support the idea that rare Ha-ras polymorphisms are associated with inherited susceptibility to certain human cancers. A recent epidemiologic study conducted at our institution found a significant association specifically with breast cancer, although the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. We have proposed that rare Ha-ras alleles are markers of a genomic instability that predisposes to breast cancer. To address this hypothesis, we are investigating the relationship between the presence of rare alleles and another form of instability, gene amplification, and are developing new methodologies both to improve VNTR allele length detection and to characterize the internal repeat sequence variations of the various alleles. These studies should enable us to more clearly define the role of this region in cancer development by delineating VNTR structure and function and the mechanisms of rare allele generation. Ultimately, we hope to identify VNTR characteristics that will permit more accurate cancer risk assessment.
Vibronic origins of high Tc

Abstract In this paper we present a detailed development of our vibronic mechanism for the explanation of high temperature superconductivity. We first review the evidence for believing that some unified mechanism for “low” and “high” T c is required. We then develop the case for the existence of the double-well motions, required by our theory, in these systems, and proceed to develop our ideas further to the point of unifying, the T c ∼ 100 K, and the T c ∼ 40 K systems. We also advance a possible explanation of the anomalous isotope effects in these systems, and conclude with an extended discussion of non-cuprate systems and general criteria for high T c theories, including the gap to kT c ratio.
Flexible insulin therapy with glargine insulin improved glycemic control and reduced severe hypoglycemia among preschool-aged children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Background and objectives Insulin replacement regimens now stress the importance of administering throughout the day insulin doses that are based on flexible food choices and focusing on improved metabolic control. A flexible multiple daily insulin (FMDI) regimen (premeal lispro plus bedtime glargine) results in lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and fewer hypoglycemic episodes than does a multiple daily insulin (MDI) regimen among school-aged children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of FMDI therapy for a group of preschool-aged children with type 1 DM who were transitioned from MDI therapy (premeal lispro plus ultralente insulin twice per day), by comparing BMI, total daily insulin requirements, HbA1c levels, and episodes of severe hypoglycemia. Research design and methods Data were collected over a 2-year period, during quarterly DM clinic visits, from 35 patients (17 female patients and 18 male patients, 4.8 +/- 1.0 years of age) who had received MDI insulin therapy for > or =1 year before being transitioned to a FMDI regimen. Results Although there was no significant change in BMI with FMDI therapy (17.1 +/- 1.8 kg/m2 vs 17.0 +/- 1.7 kg/m2), 43% of patients (6 female subjects and 9 male subjects) were overweight (BMI of >85th percentile for age) both before and after treatment. The total daily insulin requirement (0.67 +/- 0.13 U/kg per day vs 0.78 +/- 0.14 U/kg per day) and bolus/basal insulin ratio (1.1 +/- 0.4 vs 1.9 +/- 0.6) were significantly increased and overall glycemic control was improved after transition to FMDI therapy (HbA1c levels: 8.8 +/- 0.9% vs 8.3 +/- 0.8%). However, HbA1c levels improved only among normal-weight subjects (9.0 +/- 1.0% vs 8.3 +/- 1.0%) and not among overweight subjects (8.7 +/- 0.7% vs 8.4 +/- 0.6%) after FMDI therapy. The overall rate of severe hypoglycemia was significantly decreased with the FMDI regimen (25.5 events per 100 patient-years vs 10.6 events per 100 patient-years) but again only for normal-weight children (29.7 events per 100 patient-years vs 7.4 events per 100 patient-years). Conclusions The use of FMDI therapy with glargine among preschool-aged children with type 1 DM was associated with improved overall glycemic control and decreased frequency of severe hypoglycemia. Although our study did not have a control group, these findings suggest that FMDI regimens may be a feasible therapeutic alternative to MDI treatment for preschool-aged children with type 1 DM. However, excess body weight status appeared to preclude a desirable therapeutic response in this group of patients.
Daily Social Enjoyment Interrupts the Cycle of Same-day and Next-day Fatigue in Women with Fibromyalgia

Fatigue is a debilitating symptom of fibromyalgia (FM) that has limited treatment options. Some evidence, however, has linked positive social engagement with reduced within-day fatigue. This study elaborated longitudinal within-day and across-day relations between FM fatigue and social enjoyment. One hundred seventy-six women with FM completed 21-day automated diaries assessing morning and end-of-day fatigue, and both afternoon social enjoyment and stress within two social domains: non-spousal and spousal. In the non-spousal domain, analysis supported a mediational path from lower morning fatigue to higher afternoon social enjoyment, which predicted lower end-of-day fatigue, and subsequently, lower next-morning fatigue. Enjoyment exerted a greater impact on within-day fatigue than did stress. Patterns in the spousal domain were similar, but the mediated path was nonsignificant. Positive social engagement offers relief from FM fatigue that carries over across days and may provide an additional target to enhance the effectiveness of current interventions.
In vitro effects of selenodiglutathione on canine mammary cells

Abstract Previous studies have shown that selenodiglutathione (SDG) is toxic to canine mammary tumor cell line 13 (CMT-13), reduces the growth of CMT-11, and does not modify the growth of primary non-neoplastic canine mammary (NCM) cells. In the present studies, approximately 6 times more SDG was required to inhibit by 50% the growth of CMT-11 cells compared with CMT-13 cells. Furthermore, these studies reveal that differences in sensitivity among these mammary cells cannot be explained by cellular retention of selenium from SDG. Data obtained using SDG (3.2 μ m ) double labelled with 75Se and 35S suggest that differences in the rate of selenium detoxification exist among the three cell cultures examined. The influence of SDG (3.2 μ m ) on intercellular glutathione depended on the cell examined, increasing in CMT-11, decreasing in CMT-13, and unchanged in NCM. Addition of GSH (100 μ m ) partially protected CMT-13 and CMT-11 cells against SDG toxicity. Preincubation of CMT-13 or CMT-11 cells with GSH for 48 hr before the addition of SDG completely prevented the growth inhibition caused by this selenocompound. These studies suggest glutathione is critical to the prevention of selenodiglutathione toxicity and accompanying growth depression.
The Use of Detector Tube Humidity Limits

The current methods employed by detector tube manufacturers to report sampling limitations imposed by ambient humidity conditions may be confusing and sometimes misleading to the user. Absolute humidity limits (mg/L of water) are inconvenient to use and are often ignored, even though they frequently impose surprisingly restrictive sampling conditions. A short microcomputer program to convert absolute humidity limits into temperature-dependent relative humidity limits is presented. Temperature-independent relative humidity limits are easier to use but the scientific basis of such limits is questionable. Several recommendations are presented for improving the usefulness and reliability of detector tube humidity limits.
New low-density, high-porosity lithium hydride-beryllium hydride foam: properties and applications to x-ray astronomy

We have developed a low density (30-670 kg/rn3), high porosity (up to 96%) foam containing lithium hydride and amorphous beryllium hydride. This foam may be attractive as the X-ray scauering element in experiments such as the Thomson Scattering Polarimeter as proposed for inclusion in the High Throughput X-Ray Spectroscopy Space Mission, XMM, sponsored by the European Scientific Agency. We discuss ways to synthesize the foam, and report on physical properties such as bulk density and porosity, electron density, uniformity of foam density, concentration of impurities, pore size distribution, and sensitivity to moisture. The composition of the foam can be varied, but equimolar mixtures of LiH and BeH2 give the most vigorous foaming reaction. The force needed to expand the plastic reaction mass into a foam is provided by hydrogen and organic contaminants in the beryllium hydride that are released during the foaming reaction. Simultaneous differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis show that the reaction is endothermic with very little mass loss. The presence of LiBeH3 as either a reaction intermediate or final product is suggested by the fact that the most vigorous foaming occurs with equimolar mixtures oflithium hydride and beryllium hydride.
Effects of configuration mixing on computed dielectronic-recombination rates.

We investigate qualitatively and semiquantitatively the effects on computed dielectronic-recombination rate coefficients of including mixing between basis states of two or more configurations, as opposed to the single-configuration approximation. We have made model-parameter studies for two-electron systems, and have also considered physically realistic three- and four-electron systems. We have attempted to categorize the various circumstances under which configuration-interaction effects are significant, but overall effects appear to be generally small: usually no more than 10--20 %.
Computing the singular behavior of solutions of the cauchy singular integral equations

Abstract Stenger's formula for numerical computation of principal value integrals isused to determine the singular behavior of solutions of homogeneous Cauchy singular integral equations near the end-points of the domain of integration.
Basic theory on surface measurement uncertainty of 3D imaging systems

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems are now widely available, but standards, best practices and comparative data have started to appear only in the last 10 years or so. The need for standards is mainly driven by users and product developers who are concerned with 1) the applicability of a given system to the task at hand (fit-for-purpose), 2) the ability to fairly compare across instruments, 3) instrument warranty issues, 4) costs savings through 3D imaging. The evaluation and characterization of 3D imaging sensors and algorithms require the definition of metric performance. The performance of a system is usually evaluated using quality parameters such as spatial resolution/uncertainty/accuracy and complexity. These are quality parameters that most people in the field can agree upon. The difficulty arises from defining a common terminology and procedures to quantitatively evaluate them though metrology and standards definitions. This paper reviews the basic principles of 3D imaging systems. Optical triangulation and time delay (timeof- flight) measurement systems were selected to explain the theoretical and experimental strands adopted in this paper. The intrinsic uncertainty of optical distance measurement techniques, the parameterization of a 3D surface and systematic errors are covered. Experimental results on a number of scanners (Surphaser®, HDS6000®, Callidus CPW 8000®, ShapeGrabber® 102) support the theoretical descriptions.
Online evidence-based emergency medicine

Abstract [Cordell WH. Online evidence-based emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med . February 2002;39:178-180.]
Genesis of dewatering structures and its implications for melt-out till identification

Dewatering structures are a common feature used to identify melt-out till, and the lack of such structures in till could preclude deposition by melt-out. To assess the conditions under which melt-out till can be deposited without forming dewatering structures, I use geotechnical data and a quasi-two-dimensional model of geothermal melt-out. Critical discharge determined from geotechnical data suggests that low-hydrau- lic-conductivity till can transport up to 1.3 m 3 water a ^1 m ^2 without forming dewatering structures, which is two to three orders of magnitude greater than the volume of meltwater produced at the base of glaciers. The model indicates that debris content of the ice and the ability of the till to drain govern effective pressure during melt-out. If the drainage system is poorly developed or the till comes from debris-poor ice, effective pressure is below zero, the condition under which dewatering structures could form. However, till from relatively debris-rich ice (>40% debris) with a well-developed drainage system (channels every 10 m) can dewater without forming dewatering structures. This suggests that the lack of dewatering structures in till does not necessarily imply deposition by lodgement or de- forming bed. ABSTRACT. Dewatering structures are a common feature used to identify melt-out till, and the lack of such structures in till could preclude deposition by melt-out. To assess the conditions under which melt-out till can be deposited without forming dewatering structures, I use geotechnical data and a quasi-two-dimensional model of geothermal melt-out. Critical discharge determined from geotechnical data suggests that low-hydrau- lic-conductivity till can transport up to 1.3 m 3 water a ^1 m ^2 without forming dewatering structures, which is two to three orders of magnitude greater than the volume of meltwater produced at the base of glaciers. The model indicates that debris content of the ice and the ability of the till to drain govern effective pressure during melt-out. If the drainage system is poorly developed or the till comes from debris-poor ice, effective pressure is below zero, the condition under which dewatering structures could form. However, till from relatively debris-rich ice (>40% debris) with a well-developed drainage system (channels every 10 m) can dewater without forming dewatering structures. This suggests that the lack of dewatering structures in till does not necessarily imply deposition by lodgement or de- forming bed.
Library Support for Mobile Device Projects

As the use of mobile devices in health care increases, more educational programs are incorporating mobile resources into both their clinical and didactic curricula. Librarians can be instrumental in supporting these programs by implementing strategies for support, content management, and instruction. A guidance document outlining specifications for devices will help students choose a device for purchase. Librarians can help choose software that will be relevant and usable to a mobile user population. For didactic programs in particular, faculty support is an important consideration. Finally, librarians need to design instruction for both the beginner and proficient mobile user.
New emerging zoonoses: a challenge and an opportunity for the veterinary profession

The concept of emerging infectious diseases appeared in the late 1980s, when major outbreaks occurred around the globe and surprised many scientists who considered infectious diseases to be maladies of the past or limited to the under-developed world. Several reports identified erosion of the public health infrastructure among the factors contributing to new and re-emerging infectious diseases. As indicated by Morse, "Disease emergence often follows ecological changes caused by human activities such as agriculture or agricultural change, migration, urbanization, deforestation, or dam building". "Among these new diseases, surprisingly, most emergent viruses and many emergent bacteria are zoonotic". Several new zoonoses have been recently identified. Many of these diseases were either unknown, because we were not able to isolate the infectious agent or to distinguish them from other clinical syndromes, or discovered accidentally. Much of the recent identification of new pathogens has been based on new molecular biology tools or epidemiological studies. For all these diseases or infections, veterinarians played a key role in their identification, isolation of the causative organisms and understanding of the epidemiology of the infection. The role of the veterinary profession is very important in public health and on the rise again in the U.S.A., as it should be in many other countries. Surveillance, clinical curiosity and awareness, epidemiology and laboratory training are the essential tools and competency that the veterinary profession must use to meet the challenge of new emerging zoonoses.
Horizontal Output Transistor Base Circuit Design

The recently introduced high voltage power transistor has found increasing usage in such applications as TV horizontal sweep circuits, switching regulators and other switching applications. A serious problem confronting the circuit designer is how to design circuitry so that transient switching losses are minimized. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss some of the aspects of device behavior and circuit design which can lead to optimum performance with respect to fast current fall at turn off.
Chattanooga shale exploitation and the aquatic environment: The critical issues

Abstract Early identification of the critical environmental issues arising from new energy technologies is needed to ensure adequate consideration of these issues in all phases of research and development. This study examines the potential hazards to aquatic ecosystems from large-scale exploitation (190,000 Mg/day) of the Chattanooga Shale Formation, an immense reserve of oil shale and uranium in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama. Using existing data on regional ecology, hydrology, mining operations, and raw and spent shale chemistry, we identified two major, related environmental issues: (1) the potential for extensive adverse effects on aquatic communities through degradation of water quality and habitat; and (2) the potential conflict between the requirements for shale exploitation, and the habitat and water quality needs of threatened or endangered species. Specific hazards to aquatic ecosystems include erosion, sedimentation, acid mine drainage, raw and spent shale leachates, and surface disposal of immense quantities of solid wastes. Twelve of 19 federally designated, threatened or endangered fish and mollusks in the shale-bearing region were identified as known or recent inhabitants of the counties believed to be most favorable for the exploitation of shale. Of these, five species occur as single populations or are limited to a single river system. The potential for adverse effects on these species is greatest in the counties near the Tennessee-Alabama state line. Future research needs include physical, chemical, and toxicological characterizations of shale leachates and studies of the transport and fate of leachable contaminants. Such research can provide the guidance necessary to minimize impacts on aquatic communities resulting from extraction, retorting, and disposal of shale.
Fate, Time, and Language: An Essay on Free Will

David Foster Wallace appears on the cover of Fate, Time and Language: An Essay on Free Will seemingly posed and pensive, effecting a mien at once contemplative and rumpled, a mien that only a geniu...
Evidence for two commonly deleted regions on mouse chromosome 2 in γ ray–induced acute myeloid leukemic cells

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to delineate a precise molecular map of the commonly deleted region (CDR) on mouse chr2 in radiation-induced mouse acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells. Materials and Methods We used a PCR-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) assay to map the chr2-CDR in AML cells isolated from F1 hybrid mice ( BALB/cJ × CBA/CaJ) which developed AML following exposure to a single dose of 3 Gy of 137Cs γ rays. A total of 30 polymorphic microsatellite markers, mapping within or close to chr2(D-E), were used under optimized PCR conditions that generate a single major band for each marker on a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel. Results Detailed LOH mapping identified two distinct AML-CDRs: one localized to a 4.6 centiMorgan (cM) interval between markers D2Mit272 and D2Mit394; the other mapped to a 0.8 cM interval between markers D2Mit276 and D2Mit444. Both CDRs span the mouse chr2E region. Conclusion The data present, for the first time, evidence for two distinctly noncontiguous CDRs on mouse chr2 harboring gene(s) involved in AML development. These CDRs are orthologous to human chromosomes 11p11-13 and 15q11-15 that have been implicated in subsets of AML. This finding indicates the region of mouse chr2 that must be searched for candidate genes involved in radiation-induced AML.
Inhibition of Fetal Breathing: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT: Fetal breathing occurs sporadically and is inhibited during periods of hypoxemia, when blood, returning from the placenta, is mainly taking the shortcut through the ductus venosus. The hypothesis tested is that this inhibition might be caused by an expansion of the ductus venosus. Such expansion is pronounced during fetal life but ceases to occur after birth. Regular breathing of newborn lambs was recorded, and it was noted how the breathing was affected when blood, with the aid of a roller pump, was infused from the umbilical arteries into the umbilical veins. Nine lambs were examined, and for a maximal period of 2 min blood was infused into the umbilical veins at a rate of 50–150 mL/min. During 12 infusions, breathing temporarily came to a complete stop; in 30 cases, respiration was only partially inhibited; and in five cases, it was not affected. It is concluded that a very clear breathing inhibition may be obtained with an infusion of blood into the umbilical vein. It is speculated that expansion of the ductus venosus may trigger the inhibition and that the reason the effect varies may have to do with the fact that blood entering the body through the umbilical veins may predominantly take one of two routes: the ductus venosus or the hepatic vessels.
Remember me? Psychopathic traits and emotional memory in an undergraduate sample

Abstract We investigated the effects of psychopathy on emotional memory among a predominantly female undergraduate sample. Undergraduates ( N = 153, mean age = 20.1; 80.1% female; 57.1% Caucasian) completed a facial memory task. Participants were presented with a series of faces (sad, scared, angry, happy, neutral), completed a self-report measure of psychopathy, and were presented with another series of faces (with some from the first phase, and some new). Participants were asked whether they recognized each face from the first set, and reaction time (RT) was measured. Although memory for emotional faces did not differ from neutral faces, there were main effects of emotion, gender and psychopathy on RT. A significant 3-way interaction revealed that males who were higher in psychopathy had slower RTs; they were slow to remember sad, angry and neutral faces. In conclusion, psychopathy may affect emotional memory differently across gender. Specifically, undergraduate men, but not women, with higher psychopathy levels may show impaired memory for emotional faces. Implications for future studies of emotional memory and psychopathy are discussed.
Grapefruit juice ingestion reduces talinolol serum concentration

Background/Aim The objective was to evaluate the effect of single and repeated grapefruit juice relative to water on oral pharmacokinetics (PK) of the non-metabolized and P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-transported drug talinolol in humans, and to assess the impact of grapefruit juice on Pgp and intestinal uptake transporters. Methods Oral PK of 50mg talinolol was determined with water, single (300mL), and repeated grapefruit juice intake (6 days, 900mL/day) in 24 healthy Caucasians. MDR1 mRNA and Pgp levels were measured in duodenal biopsies of 3 subjects before and after juice. All subjects were genotyped for three MDR1 polymorphisms (1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, 3435C>T). Results Single grapefruit juice decreased the talinolol AUC, Cmax, and urinary excretion values to 56% (P<.001), 57% (P<.001) and 58% (P<.001), respectively, of those with water; repeated grapefruit juice showed a 50 to 65% reduction (P<.01). Single or repeated juice intake did not affect CLR, t1/2, and tmax. MDR1 mRNA and Pgp levels in duodenal biopsies did not differ. MDR1 genotypes were not associated with altered PK of talinolol. Conclusion Since both single and repeated juice intake lowered, rather than increased talinolol AUC without changing Pgp expression, our findings suggest constituents in grapefruit juice preferentially inhibited intestinal uptake rather than Pgp. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P4–P4; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.019
Toxicity of drugs in the neonatal period.

Summary Evidence has been reviewed for the concept that there is a pharmacology that is peculiar to pediatrics. Adverse responses in the very young infant to doses which are well tolerated in the more mature have been recognized with increasing frequency in recent years. The newborn and the premature infant are those most frequently affected. The aspects of developmental immaturity responsible for these altered responses account for a variety of mechanisms and it seems likely that future research will bring to light others. It is recommended that suppliers of drugs should be required to establish, before marketing, the presence or absence of differential toxicity in the very young, and it is suggested that further examples of unusual toxicity in this group would be minimized by the use of the controlled clinical trial in the application of established drugs in therapeutic regimens for newborn term and premature infants.
“HORNS” on a 6Mev linear accelerator

Abstract Measurements made of the in-air off-axis ratios (OARS) on a very recently installed 6MeV linear accelerator revealed a maximum OAR of 1.23 at 16 cm from the central axis at 100 cm source-axis distance (SAD); at the same time, standard beam uniformity specifications (at 10 cm depth) were satisfied. Electronic manipulation of beam quality and the addition of a tungsten filter reduced the OAR maximum to 1.08 and maintained acceptable beam uniformity at depth.
Effective interventions to improve medication adherence in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review

SUMMARY Aim: Medication adherence is associated with improved outcomes in diabetes. Interventions have been established to help improve medication adherence; however, the most effective interventions in patients with Type 2 diabetes remain unclear. The goal of this study was to distinguish whether interventions were effective and identify areas for future research. Methods: Medline was searched for articles published between January 2000 and May 2013, and a reproducible strategy was used. Study eligibility criteria included interventions measuring medication adherence in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Results: Twenty seven studies met the inclusion criteria and 13 showed a statistically significant change in medication adherence. Conclusion: Heterogeneity of the study designs and measures of adherence made it difficult to identify effective interventions that improved medication adherence. Additionally, medication adherence may not be solely responsible for achieving glycemic control. Researchers must empha...
Attitudes and Belief Systems Concerning Urban Services

STRUCTURAL investigations of the interrelationships among attitudes have been an important aspect of research about political belief systems.1 Patterns of correlations among attitude items can reveal much about widespread belief system processes which underlie attitude organization in the general public. This study investigates citizen attitudes toward urban services to enhance our understanding both of mass belief systems concerning local government and the nature of mass political belief systems in general. Political belief system research has focused primarily on national political issues which are remote from the day-to-day concerns and experiences of most citizens. This research, however, concerns attitudes toward the simplest and most basic activities of local government-the provision of urban services such as polic,e, parks and recreation, and refuse collection. Since immediate matters like these may be more salient to average I The other main types of political belief system research have concerned the temporal stability of attitudes, and levels of political conceptualization revealed by open-ended questions.
Layered dynamic fault detection and tolerance for robots

Robots need to quickly detect and tolerate internal failures in order to continue performing their tasks without the need for immediate human intervention. Using analytical redundancy, tests are derived with which the robot can detect failures. A layered intelligent control framework is developed containing these new sensor-based fault detection and tolerance schemes. The servo, interface, and supervisor layers form a hierarchy of fault tolerance which provide different levels of detection and tolerance probabilities for structurally diverse robots. >
Accelerated learning of Generalized Sammon Mappings

The Sammon Mapping (SM) has established itself as a valuable tool in dimensionality reduction, manifold learning, exploratory data analysis and, particularly, in data visualization. The SM is capable of projecting high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space, so that they can be visualized and interpreted. This is accomplished by representing inter-sample dissimilarities in the original space by Euclidean inter-sample distances in the projection space. Recently, Kernel Sammon Mapping (KSM) has been shown to subsume the SM and a few other related extensions to SM. Both of the aforementioned models feature a set of linear weights that are estimated via Iterative Majorization (IM). While IM is significantly faster than other standard gradient-based methods, tackling data sets of larger than moderate sizes becomes a challenging learning task, as IM's convergence significantly slows down with increasing data set cardinality. In this paper we derive two improved training algorithms based on Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) and Parallel Tangents (PARTAN) acceleration, that, while still being first-order methods, exhibit faster convergence than IM. Both algorithms are relatively easy to understand, straightforward to implement and, performance-wise, are as robust as IM. We also present comparative results that illustrate their computational advantages on a set of benchmark problems.