cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preexposure to Objects that Contrast in Familiarity Improves Young Children’s Lexical Knowledge Judgment

ABSTRACTThe ability to judge the limits of one’s own knowledge may play an important role in knowledge acquisition. The current study tested the prediction that preschoolers would judge the limits of their lexical knowledge more accurately if they were first exposed to a few objects of contrasting familiarity. Such preexposure was hypothesized to increase the salience of the metacognitive experiences that distinguish known from unknown kinds. These experiences include both the feeling of familiarity that a kind evokes and the amount of information about the kind that is retrieved spontaneously. In Experiment 1, 3- and 4-year-olds performed a matching task involving familiar and unfamiliar objects, then made lexical knowledge judgments about both objects and words. The accuracy of these judgments was predicted to exceed that of children who had not performed a matching task (Experiment 1) or who had performed one involving wooden blocks (Experiment 1) or only familiar objects (Experiment 2). This predictio...
Biologic therapies in the treatment of sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a disease of remarkable heterogeneity in organ manifestation, severity and natural history, characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas. The majority of cases are acute and self-limited or remit with short courses of glucocorticoids; however, a proportion progress to a life-threatening obliterative fibrotic type associated with significant disability related to pulmonary, cardiac, ocular or central nervous system involvement. Biologic agents have been demonstrated in the successful treatment of refractory organ-threatening sarcoidosis; and though sarcoidosis remains elusive in predictability of progression, strong evidence suggests an indisputably efficacious role for these agents in efforts to stave morbidity and mortality related to sarcoidosis. This paper provides a review of sarcoidosis mechanistic etiopathogenesis to highlight the hypothetical underpinnings of the utility and concerns of current biologic treatments in current use and the potential future applications of newer agents and those under development.
Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Expression of P-Glycoprotein 170 in Peripheral Blood of Children with Infantile Spasms

Objective To explore the effect of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on the expression level of the drug-resistant gene expression product P-glycoprotein170(P-gp170) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with infantile spasms(IS). Methods The expression of P-gp170 in peripheral blood in children with IS was measured by flow cytometry.According to the different treatment options,they were divided into group A(topiramate,n=6),group B[valproate(VPA)+topiramate,n= 9],group C(VPA+clonazepam,n= 6),group D(topiramate + clonazepam,n= 7),and group E(healthy control group,n= 8),and the expressions of P-gp170 in peripheral blood were checked before treatment,3 months and 6 months after treatment,respectively. Results The expressions of P-gp170 in group A,group B,group C and group D at three time points were all significantly higher than that in group E(Pa0.001).The expressions of P-gp170 in group A and group B at three time points were not significantly different.The expressions of P-gp170 in group C and group D at 6 months after treatment were higher than those without treatment and 3 months after treatment(Pa0.05). Conclusions The expression of P-gp170 increase in peripheral blood of children with IS;Sodium valproate and topiramate have no significant effect on the expression of P-gp170 in children with IS,but long-term using clonazepam can increase the expression of P-gp170.
An epidemiological analysis of the cases of hand-foot-mouth disease occurring in Yuecheng district of Shao-xing city during 2008—2011

Objective Our study was intended to find out the patterns and characteristics of contagion of the hand-food-mouth disease(HFMD) by examining the disease cases occurring during 2008—2011 in Yue-cheng district of Shao-xing city.It attempted to obtain scientific knowledge for effective prevention and control of HFMD.Method The datum of HFMD was retrieved from the database of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and that of Shao-xing and then analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Findings From 2008 to 2011,the incidence of HFMD was 87.6/105、102.0/105、226.9/105、121.9/105.The months from April to July saw the peak of occurrence of the disease.About 80% cases were from the 1~、2~、3~、4~four years of age group.More male cases were found(male:female 1.6 ∶ 1).The disease mainly occurred among preschool children.Conclusion The peak of occurrence of HFMD in Yue-cheng district came during spring and summer.The prevention and control of HFMD should be strengthened for children under 5 years old in spring and winter,especially for those children of migrant workers.
Characterization of two monoclonal antibodies against human tissue-type plasminogen activator.

A series of hybridoma clones, each producing monoclonal antibodies to human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), were prepared from mice by standard procedures. Two of these clones were selected for further study. One HI72A1, produced antibodies that bound to t-PA and strongly inhibited its activity, whereas another, LI72D1, produced antibodies that bound to t-PA but did not affect its activity. The specificity of these antibodies was assessed in immunoabsorption experiments. Both immunoprecipitated 125I-labeled t-PA, and both were specific since only t-PA was recognized in conditioned media collected from Bowes melanoma cells cultured in the presence of 3H-leucine. Neither antibody recognized urokinase. t-PA was desorbed from antibody HI72A1-Sepharose columns with 0.5 M NaCl, consistent with its relatively low association constant (Ka = 9.37 X 10(7) M-1). In contrast, a strong chaotropic agent (i.e., 2 M KI) was required to elute t-PA from antibody LI72D1 columns (Ka = 2.08 X 10(9) M-1). This latter high affinity antibody was employed to develop an immunoradiometric assay for t-PA having a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/ml.
Hybrid expansion–contraction: a robust scaleable method for approximating the H∞ norm

We present a new scaleable algorithm for approximating the $H_{\infty }$ norm, an important robust stability measure for linear dynamical systems with input and output. Our spectral-value-set-based method uses a novel hybrid expansion–contraction scheme that, under reasonable assumptions, is guaranteed to converge to a stationary point of the optimization problem defining the $H_{\infty }$ norm, and, in practice, typically returns local or global maximizers. We prove that the hybrid expansion–contraction method has a quadratic rate of convergence that is also confirmed in practice. In comprehensive numerical experiments, we show that our new method is not only robust but exceptionally fast, successfully completing a large-scale test set 25 times faster than an earlier method by Guglielmi, Gurbuzbalaban & Overton (2013, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 34, 709–737), which occasionally breaks down far from a stationary point of the underlying optimization problem.
Management of the clinically node-negative axilla in primary breast cancer

Axillary lymph node status is an important prognostic factor in patients with primary breast cancer. Yet, management of the axilla in these patients has been controversial. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a less morbid procedure with similar survival and recurrence when compared to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and has emerged as the standard of care for staging patients with clinically node-negative disease. The results of three randomized trials seem to suggest that completion ALND may not be necessary in all women with T1/T2 tumors that have sentinel node-positive tumors and a low burden of axillary disease. However, while patients with isolated tumor cells or micrometastatic disease in the sentinel node may forego further axillary treatment, we believe that those with macrometastatic disease on SLNB should undergo additional axillary treatment (either ALND or radiotherapy) until further evidence defining which patients may benefit from observation alone emerges.
Prospective Association of Physical Activity and Heart Failure Hospitalizations Among Black Adults With Normal Ejection Fraction: The Jackson Heart Study.

BackgroundGiven high rates of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, black persons are at risk to develop heart failure. The association of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and ...
The Fundamental Group and Covering Spaces

Recall from Section 1.2 that a path in a space X is a map from the interval [0, 1] to X. We can equally think of a path as a continuous parametrized curve in X, or as a continuous family of points indexed by t ∈ [0, 1].
Caveats to Exogenous Organic Delivery from Ablation, Dilution, and Thermal Degradation

A hypothesis in prebiotic chemistry argues that organics were delivered to the early Earth in abundance by meteoritic sources. This study tests that hypothesis by measuring how the transfer of organic matter to the surface of Earth is affected by energy-dissipation processes such as ablation and airbursts. Exogenous delivery has been relied upon as a source of primordial material, but it must stand to reason that other avenues (i.e., hydrothermal vents, electric discharge) played a bigger role in the formation of life as we know it on Earth if exogenous material was unable to deliver significant quantities of organics. For this study, we look at various properties of meteors such as initial velocity and mass of the object, and atmospheric composition to see how meteors with different initial velocities and masses ablate. We find that large meteors do not slow down fast enough and thus impact the surface, vaporizing their components; fast meteors with low masses are vaporized during entry; and meteors with low velocities and high initial masses reach the surface. For those objects that survive to reach the surface, about 60 to >99% of the mass is lost by ablation. Large meteors that fragment are also shown to spread out over increasingly larger areas with increasing mass, and small meteors (~1 mm) are subjected to intense thermal heating, potentially degrading intrinsic organics. These findings are generally true across most atmospheric compositions. These findings provide several caveats to extraterrestrial delivery models that—while a viable point source of organics—likely did not supply as much prebiotic material as an effective endogenous production route.
Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection

ESSENTIAL STEPS 1. Place the patient in the lithotomy position, with both arms tucked and well padded. Secure the patient carefully to the table to avoid movement when the table is tilter. Place a Foley catheter and an orogastric tube. 2. Perform rigid proctosigmoidoscopy to identify and mark the distal margin from the anal verge. 3. We perform a diverting loop ileostomy for all anastomosis less than 5 cm from the anal verge. 4. Placement of four trocars: Three 5-mm trocars in the supraumbilical, left lower abdomen and one suprapubic, one 12-mm trocar in the right lower abdomen (use the site that was marked by the enterostomy nurse for this trocar; this will be the site of the future diverting ileostomy if needed). 5. Explore the abdomen for the evidence of metastatic disease. 6. Place the patient in steep Trendelenburg position. 7. Mobilize the left colon from medial to lateral and identify the vascular pedicle. Have the assistant elevate this pedicle at the level of the sacral promontory. 8. Create and enlarge an opening in the peritoneum. Sweep the retroperitoneum downwards while the mesentery
Carrier Velocity Limitation

Drift and diffusion velocities cannot exceed with increasing external field or concentration gradients velocity values close to the thermal rms velocity. This limitation influences certain aspects of Schottky barrier or junction device performances, including the shape of its current-voltage characteristics near reverse saturation.
Application of optimization techniques to near terminal area sequencing and flow control.

Development of an arrival air-traffic management system for a single runway. Traffic is segregated throughout most of the near terminal area according to performance characteristics. Nominal approach routes for each class of aircraft are determined by an optimization procedure. In this fashion, the nominal approach routes are dependent upon and, hence, determined by the near terminal area operating capabilities of each class of aircraft. The landing order and spacing of aircraft on the common approach path are determined so that a measure of total system deviation from the nominal landing times is minimized and safety standards are met. Delay maneuvers required to satisfy sequencing needs are then carried out in a manner dependent upon the particular class of aircraft being maneuvered. Finally, results are presented to illustrate the effects of the rate of arrivals upon a one-runway system serving three different classes of aircraft employing several different sequencing strategies and measures of total system deviation.
Extracellular Proteinases in Ocular Angiogenesis

The process of angiogenesis comprises several phases including upregulation of angiogenic factors and increased expression of integrins and extracellular proteinases. The proteinases facilitate the breakdown of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, allowing endothelial cells to migrate. The enzymes primarily involved in this process are the serine proteinase, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. The interaction between uPA and its receptor, uPAR, and the activation of MMPs have been described in tumor angiogenesis. We have found increased expression of MMPs and uPA in retinas of animal models of retinal and choroidal neovascularization. Endogenous inhibitors like tissue inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) also play an important role in pathological angiogenesis. Pre-clinical studies have indicated that proteinase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in retinal and choroidal angiogenesis. Some of these inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials in ocular angiogenesis.
Molecular Basis for Medicinal Actions of Androgens and Green Tea Epigallocatechin Gallate

Androgens, which have been around for more than 2000 years, are probably the oldest drugs used in purified forms, while green tea extracts, which have been around for more than 3000 years, are among the most widely used ancient medicinal agents in man’s history. It is now clear that a specific green tea catechin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), can regulate biological actions of androgens and other hormones. Androgens and EGCG can also modulate the growth of androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancers, as well as other hormone related abnormalities.
A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Theoretical Formulations of Distrust

Recently there has been a call for a better understanding of trust and distrust. This study examined the components of distrust. Content analysis was used to code the narratives of employees of a large paper-process organization. Separate content analyses examined two themes in the distrust literature: a) dimensions of distrust are opposite dimensions of trust, and b) distrust is a violation of trust. The findings demonstrate that dimensions of distrust that were opposite those of trust provided greater discrimination than treating distrust as a violation of trust, dimensions of distrust were rank-ordered differently than dimensions of trust, different features of distrust were identified with different targets of distrust, language intensity was not greater when targets of distrust were more upwardly distal in the organization, and different features and combinations of features elicited different levels of intensity.
Dietary carotenoids and cognitive function among US adults, NHANES 2011–2014

Objectives: Dietary carotenoids may limit neuronal damage from free radicals, potentially serving as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. We examined intake of lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z) in relation to cognitive performance among 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged ≥60 years. Methods: L and Z intake from foods and supplements was estimated from two non-consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Outcomes included the CERAD Word Learning sub-test score, Animal Fluency test score, and Digit Symbol Substitution test score. Regression models were adjusted for survey design variables, year, sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, family income, education, alcohol, and smoking. Results: Among the 2796 participants, higher dietary intake of L and Z was associated with higher score on each test. For example, the highest quartile of L and Z intake was associated with a 2.52 point increase (SE=0.86 points, P=0.01) on the digit symbol score test, compared with the lowest quartile. There were differences by race/ethnicity, with positive associations generally stronger for Black compared to white participants. Discussion: Further research from longitudinal studies is needed, but increasing L and Z intake may help to prevent or slow cognitive decline.
The Effect of Time During the Academic Year or Resident Training Level on Complication Rates After Lower-Extremity Orthopaedic Trauma Procedures.

Background Few studies have evaluated the effect of resident participation on morbidity and mortality after orthopaedic trauma surgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether complications after orthopaedic trauma procedures involving residents correlate with the level of resident training and the timing in the academic year. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all patients who underwent operative fixation of proximal femoral fractures, femoral shaft fractures, and tibial shaft fractures from 2005 to 2012. A total of 1,851 cases with resident involvement were identified, and complication rates were calculated and analyzed with respect to resident level of training (postgraduate year [PGY] 1 through 6) and the academic quarter in which the procedure took place. Results The composite complication rates in the first academic quarter for serious adverse events (10.96%), any adverse events (18.57%), and surgical complications (9.62%) did not significantly differ from those during the remainder of the year (11.40%, 17.81%, and 7.19%, respectively). The rates of any adverse event were significantly higher for senior-level residents (quarter 1, 20.58%; quarter 2, 20.05%) than for junior residents (quarter 1, 11.76%; quarter 2, 12.44%) during the first half of the academic year (quarter 1, p = 0.044; quarter 2, p = 0.024). Conclusions This evaluation of the composite complication rates found no "July effect" in lower-extremity orthopaedic trauma surgery. There was evidence for a July effect for superficial surgical site infections, in that there was a significantly higher rate in the first academic quarter. Senior residents may benefit from more oversight or instruction during the first portion of the academic year.
Guidelines, Standards, and Regulations

Many documents, both formal and informal, exist to advise on or specify methods for the design, construction, and operation of cryogenic systems. These documents are variously known as rules, guidelines, standards, codes, and regulations, and any of them can address any facet of the handling of a cryogenic fluid. A general goal of all of these documents is to minimize risk of injury to personnel and damage to facilities and to promote safety by informing all interested parties of required, accepted, and preferable methods of proceeding when working with a cryogenic fluid.
Proposed Alignment of Amino Acid Sequences for Cytochromes c1 and f and Identification of Putative Binding Sites for Cytochrome c and Plastocyanin

Cytochrome (hereafter cyt) cl and f serve similar functions in respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains. Both are components of cyt b/cl(f) complexes which show many similarities and function to reoxidize reduced quinones (1–5). Cyt cl and f are both thought to accept electrons from the Reiske iron-sulfur protein of these complexes and to then reduce a peripheral membrane protein, cyt c in the case of cyt cl and plastocyanin (PC) in the case of cyt f. Despite the similarity in function, it is interesting to note that these electron acceptors differ in charge with cyt c being positively charged (6) and PC a negatively charged protein (7).
Indirect Identification of Psychosocial Risks from Natural Language.

During the perinatal period, psychosocial health risks, including depression and intimate partner violence, are associated with serious adverse health outcomes for parents and children. To appropriately intervene, healthcare professionals must first identify those at risk, yet stigma often prevents people from directly disclosing the information needed to prompt an assessment. We examine indirect methods of eliciting and analyzing information that could indicate psychosocial risks. Short diary entries by peripartum women exhibit thematic patterns, extracted by topic modeling, and emotional perspective, drawn from dictionary-informed sentiment features. Using these features, we use regularized regression to predict screening measures of depression and psychological aggression by an intimate partner. Journal text entries quantified through topic models and sentiment features show promise for depression prediction, with performance almost as good as closed-form questions. Text-based features were less useful for prediction of intimate partner violence, but moderately indirect multiple-choice questioning allowed for detection without explicit disclosure. Both methods may serve as an initial or complementary screening approach to detecting stigmatized risks.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient With Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a severe metabolic complication that usually occurs in patients with aggressive tumors who undergo treatment with chemotherapy. Traditionally, it was mainly associated with hematologic malignancies. However, over the past 4 decades, there have been increasing reports of TLS in solid tumors. We report a case of TLS in a patient with gastric cancer, as a complication of FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy. Our patient was a 48-year-old man with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma who presented with altered mental status and slurred speech. On examination, he was confused and disoriented, but the rest of his examination, including vitals, was unremarkable. Laboratory findings on admission were significant for an elevated uric acid of 14.5 mg/dL, creatinine of 4.1 mg/dL, and phosphorus of 6.9 mg/dL. He had received his first cycle of FOLFOX chemotherapy 4 days prior to admission. The constellation of electrolyte abnormalities and the temporal relationship to chemotherapy led to the diagnosis of chemotherapy-induced TLS. He was treated with aggressive fluid repletion and rasburicase, following which the electrolyte derangements resolved, and he improved clinically. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of TLS in patients with gastric cancer. Initiation of early treatment can reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this oncologic emergency.
Accounting for Demographic and Salary Changes among Business School Faculty

This article examines patterns of change among Business and non-Business PhD cohorts in the United States as well as comparisons across Business subfields. By drawing upon responses to the Survey o...
Partisanship does not tell the full story: The complexities of public opinion and fracking in the United States

Abstract Although party affiliation is a strong predictor of differences in citizen opinion about a wide range of public policy issues, the picture is more complex for unconventional gas development (UGD) through hydraulic fracturing. Using data collected in Colorado (n = 390) around the time of the highly polarizing 2016 Presidential Election, we conduct a latent class analysis based on individual perceptions of the possible risks and benefits of UGD. Instead of finding attitudes polarized along party lines, citizens in Colorado parsimoniously cluster into three substantially sized groups that cannot be explained by party identification and sociodemographic variables. We also test the value of group membership by assessing association with individual voting behavior at the hypothetical ballot box using language from actual measures filed for placement onto the 2016 Statewide Ballot in Colorado. Results suggest that attitudes toward UGD may be better explained by perceptions of potential costs/disadvantages and benefits/advantages rather than traditional sociodemographic and political party variables. This suggests that understanding public opinion on fracking means moving beyond our traditional conceptualization of opinion formation, even in today’s politically polarized environment.
Prescriptive practice differences between nurse practitioners and physicians in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the emergency department setting.

Background Nurse practitioners (NPs) have increasingly broad prescribing authority, yet there is insufficient information available on the prescribing practices of NPs working in the emergency department setting. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe prescriptive practices between two provider groups, NPs and physicians, in an emergency department setting in the United Arab Emirates. This comparison focused on treatment of a common emergency department diagnosis of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods The investigators reviewed a sample of 690 UTI patients during the period of August 30, 2016 to June 30, 2018. Physician and NP provider groups were then assessed for treatment selection and associated patient outcomes. A Chi-square test was used to compare empiric antibiotic selection using variables of population type, gender, age, and provider type. Results There were similar prescriptive practices for beta-lactam, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim prescriptions. The investigators noted a statistical difference for fluoroquinolone use, with the physician group selecting fluoroquinolones more often than the NP group. Also, fluoroquinolone use within the physician group varied significantly; however, the investigators did not see this within the NP group. Implications for practice The findings support that there is comparable care quality in the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs between physician providers and NPs in this setting. Comparing outcome similarities and differences on a commonly occurring medical problem in the emergency department provides an early look at the value-added services that NPs provide.
Sexually dimorphic radiogenomic models identify distinct imaging and biological pathways that are prognostic of overall survival in glioblastoma.

Background Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that sexual dimorphism influences treatment response and prognostic outcome in glioblastoma (GBM). To this end, we sought to (i) identify distinct sex-specific radiomic phenotypes-from tumor subcompartments (peritumoral edema, enhancing tumor, and necrotic core) using pretreatment MRI scans-that are prognostic of overall survival (OS) in GBMs, and (ii) investigate radiogenomic associations of the MRI-based phenotypes with corresponding transcriptomic data, to identify the signaling pathways that drive sex-specific tumor biology and treatment response in GBM. Methods In a retrospective setting, 313 GBM patients (male = 196, female = 117) were curated from multiple institutions for radiomic analysis, where 130 were used for training and independently validated on a cohort of 183 patients. For the radiogenomic analysis, 147 GBM patients (male = 94, female = 53) were used, with 125 patients in training and 22 cases for independent validation. Results Cox regression models of radiomic features from gadolinium T1-weighted MRI allowed for developing more precise prognostic models, when trained separately on male and female cohorts. Our radiogenomic analysis revealed higher expression of Laws energy features that capture spots and ripple-like patterns (representative of increased heterogeneity) from the enhancing tumor region, as well as aggressive biological processes of cell adhesion and angiogenesis to be more enriched in the "high-risk" group of poor OS in the male population. In contrast, higher expressions of Laws energy features (which detect levels and edges) from the necrotic core with significant involvement of immune related signaling pathways was observed in the "low-risk" group of the female population. Conclusions Sexually dimorphic radiogenomic models could help risk-stratify GBM patients for personalized treatment decisions.
Trends in Opioid and Psychotropic Prescription in Pregnancy in the United States From 2001 to 2015 in a Privately Insured Population : A Cross-sectional Study.

Background Opioid and psychotropic prescriptions are common during pregnancy. Little is known about coprescriptions of both medications in this setting. Objective To describe opioid prescription among women who are prescribed psychotropics compared with women who are not. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting U.S. commercial insurance beneficiaries from MarketScan (2001 to 2015). Participants Pregnant women at 22 weeks' gestation or greater who were insured continuously for 3 months or more before pregnancy through delivery. Measurements Opioid prescription, dosage thresholds (morphine milligram equivalents [MME] of ≥50/day and ≥90/day), number of opioid agents (≥2), and duration (≥30 days) among those with and without prescription of psychotropics, from 2011 to 2015. Results Among 958 980 pregnant women, 10% received opioids only, 6% psychotropics only, and 2% opioids with coprescription of psychotropics. Opioid prescription was higher among women prescribed psychotropics versus those who were not (26.5% vs. 10.7%). From 2001 to 2015, psychotropic prescription overall increased from 4.4% to 7.6%, opioid prescription without coprescription of psychotropics decreased from 11.9% to 8.4%, and opioids with coprescription decreased from 28.1% to 22.0%. Morphine milligram equivalents of 50 or greater per day decreased for women with and without coprescription (29.6% to 17.3% and 22.8% to 18.5%, respectively); MME of 90 or greater per day also decreased in both groups (15.0% to 4.7% and 11.5% to 4.2%, respectively). Women prescribed opioids only were more likely to have an antepartum hospitalization compared with those with neither prescription, as were women with coprescription versus those prescribed psychotropics only. Compared with those prescribed opioids only, women with coprescriptions were more likely to exceed MME of 90 or greater per day and to be prescribed 2 or more opioid agents and for 30 days or longer. Number and duration of opioids increased with benzodiazepine and gabapentin coprescription. Limitation Inability to determine appropriateness of prescribing or overdose events. Conclusion Opioids are frequently coprescribed with psychotropic medication during pregnancy and are associated with antepartum hospitalization. A substantial proportion of pregnant women are prescribed opioids at doses that increase overdose risk and exceed daily recommendations. Primary funding source None.
Development and Application of Type-III Turbine Impedance Models Including DC Bus Dynamics

Several small-signal impedance models have been reported for type-III wind turbines for use in impedance-based system stability studies. Common to these models is the assumption that the dc bus between the rotor- and stator-side converters is an ideal voltage source. Under this assumption, there is no dynamic coupling between the two converters and the turbine can be represented by the impedance of the stator-side converter in parallel with the impedance of the induction generator with the rotor-side converter behind it. The assumption is well justified above the second harmonic frequency but introduces considerable error at lower frequencies, especially within 20–30 Hz of the fundamental frequency in which dc bus voltage control is active and dc bus capacitor impedance is high. This paper presents the development and application of full-order sequence impedance models for type-III turbines that include dc bus dynamics. The new models also consider the coupled current responses created by each of the converters as well as their coupling across the dc bus. Inclusion of these additional dynamics leads to more accurate prediction of turbine impedance responses and turbine-grid system stability. A comparison with existing models is presented to show the utility and limitation of each model. A practical resonance problem is also presented to demonstrate the application.
Relevance of psychopathic traits to therapeutic processes and outcomes for veterans with substance use disorders.

Psychopathic traits have been routinely associated with poor treatment outcomes in correctional settings. Less is known about how psychopathic traits relate to treatment processes (e.g., perceptions of treatment; adjustment to treatment), particularly in nonforensic settings. The current study tested for relationships between psychopathic traits, as operationalized by the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) and treatment processes and outcomes in a sample of 200 U.S. military veterans enrolled in a residential substance use disorder treatment program at a Veteran's Affairs (VA) medical center. Participants were interviewed using several measurement instruments at 4 time points: treatment entry, 1 month into treatment, treatment discharge, and 12 months post discharge. The TriPM was administered at baseline, and measures of treatment processes/outcomes were measured during treatment and at postdischarge. The TriPM scales exhibited differential associations with treatment processes and outcomes in multivariate analyses. Specifically, higher Boldness was associated with fewer psychiatric symptoms at baseline, but more rule-breaking behaviors and more peer-reported conflicts with other residents in treatment; higher Meanness predicted more negative perceptions of the treatment milieu; and higher Disinhibition predicted poorer substance use outcomes posttreatment. Together, these findings demonstrate associations between psychopathy and therapy processes/outcomes and highlight the potentially unique contribution of psychopathic traits to substance use disorder treatment programming. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Leveraging Institutional Support to Build an Integrated Multidisciplinary Care Model in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

While the biopsychosocial nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is now well accepted by clinicians, the need for integrated multidisciplinary care is not always clear to institutional administrators who serve as decision makers regarding resources provided to clinical programs. In this commentary, we draw on our own experience in building successful integrated care models within a division of pediatric gastroenterology (GI) to highlight key considerations in garnering initial approval, as well as methods to maintain institutional support over time. Specifically, we discuss the importance of making a strong case for the inclusion of a psychologist in pediatric IBD care, justifying an integrated model for delivering care, and addressing finances at the program level. Further, we review the benefit of collecting and reporting program data to support the existing literature and/or theoretical projections, demonstrate outcomes, and build alternative value streams recognized by the institution (e.g., academic, reputation) alongside the value to patients. Ultimately, success in garnering and maintaining institutional support necessitates moving from the theoretical to the practical, while continually framing discussion for a nonclinical/administrative audience. While the process can be time-consuming, ultimately it is worth the effort, enhancing the care experience for both patients and clinicians.
Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of US college students.

In the beginning of 2020, the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, became a public health emergency in the U.S. and rapidly escalated into a global pandemic. Because the SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly contagious, physical distancing was enforced and indoor public spaces, including schools and educational institutions, were abruptly closed and evacuated to ensure civilian safety. Accordingly, educational institutions rapidly transitioned to remote learning. We investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic U.S. college students, ages 18–24 years. Through Pollfish®’s survey research platform, we collected data from 200 domestic U.S. college students in this age range (N = 200) regarding the physical, emotional, and social impacts of COVID-19 as well as key background information (e.g. whether or not they are first-generation or if they identify with the LGBTQIA+ community). Our results indicate that students closer to graduating faced increases in anxiety (60.8%), feeling of loneliness (54.1%), and depression (59.8%). Many reported worries for the health of loved ones most impacted their mental health status (20.0%), and the need to take care of family most affected current and future plans (31.8%). Almost one-half of students took to exercising and physical activity to take care of their mental health (46.7%). While a third did not have strained familial relationships (36.5%), almost one half did (45.7%). A majority found it harder to complete the semester at home (60.9%), especially among those who had strained relationships with family (34.1%). Seventy percent spent time during the pandemic watching television shows or movies. Significantly more men, first-generation, and low-income students gained beneficial opportunities in light of the pandemic, whereas their counterparts reported no impact. First-generation students were more likely to take a gap year or time off from school. Although students found ways to take care of themselves and spent more time at home, the clear negative mental health impacts call for schools and federal regulations to accommodate, support, and make mental health care accessible to all students.
Racial disparities in the utilization of parathyroidectomy among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: Evidence from a nationwide analysis of Medicare claims.

Abstract Background Among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy offers a chance of cure and mitigation of disease-related complications. The impact of race/ethnicity on referral and utilization of parathyroidectomy has not been fully explored. Methods Population-based, retrospective cohort study using 100% Medicare claims from beneficiaries with primary hyperparathyroidism from 2006 to 2016. Associations of race/ethnicity with disease severity, surgeon evaluation, and subsequent parathyroidectomy were analyzed using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among 210,206 beneficiaries with primary hyperparathyroidism, 63,136 (30.0%) underwent parathyroidectomy within 1 year of diagnosis. Black patients were more likely than other races/ethnicities to have stage 3 chronic kidney disease (10.8%) but had lower prevalence of osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis compared to White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to have been hospitalized for primary hyperparathyroidism-associated conditions (White 4.8%, Black 8.1%, Hispanic 5.8%; P Conclusion Racial/ethnic disparities exist in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism among older adults. Determining the factors that account for this disparity require urgent attention to achieve parity in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Metadata and View Classification

The discussion during the metadata and view session centered on the proper classification rules to be applied to each metadata level and the relationship of the user’s operating level and the metadata level on the base data level.
Sparse-posterior Gaussian processes for general likelihoods

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a probabilistic nonparametric representation of functions in regression, classification, and other problems. Unfortunately, exact learning with GPs is intractable for large datasets. A variety of approximate GP methods have been proposed that essentially map the large dataset into a small set of basis points. Among them, two state-of-the-art methods are sparse pseudo-input Gaussian process (SPGP) (Snelson and Ghahramani, 2006) and variable-sigma GP (VSGP) Walder et al. (2008), which generalizes SPGP and allows each basis point to have its own length scale. However, VSGP was only derived for regression. In this paper, we propose a new sparse GP framework that uses expectation propagation to directly approximate general GP likelihoods using a sparse and smooth basis. It includes both SPGP and VSGP for regression as special cases. Plus as an EP algorithm, it inherits the ability to process data online. As a particular choice of approximating family, we blur each basis point with a Gaussian distribution that has a full covariance matrix representing the data distribution around that basis point; as a result, we can summarize local data manifold information with a small set of basis points. Our experiments demonstrate that this framework outperforms previous GP classification methods on benchmark datasets in terms of minimizing divergence to the non-sparse GP solution as well as lower misclassification rate.
Everything but the Kitchen Sink: Using a Multi-Pronged Approach to Teaching “The Politics of Gender and Population Aging”

The university education literature indicates that the time of passive/lecture-based learning is past. Researchers argue that we must move to a more active teaching style for today's learners. I decided to try a new approach: design a class using the principles of adult learning, combined with best practices in liberal education and multi-media communication. I applied this approach to a new class taught this fall: The Politics of Gender & Population Aging. In the paper, I first outline the principles of adult learning. I then discuss how these principles fit with best practices in liberal education and multi-media use in the classroom. I continue with a description of the elements I chose to incorporate in the class, as well as an explanation of my application of these elements to the class design. I conclude with an assessment of the efficacy of the course design and thoughts on how the design can be improved for future classes.
WACC as the touchstone performance indicator: The use of financial ratios as performance indicator – from operations to capital investments

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple framework to help practitioners to analyze and evaluate their performance more accurately and easily from the perspective of value adding concept.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed framework separates management and operations into two different functions in the flows of capital investment and return. This paper suggests the application of the concept of Du Pont ratio (disaggregation of return on asset) for operators to address their true value driver along with the use of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) as the benchmark for performance.Findings – The paper stretches the concept of economic value added into two different tiers of a business organization – operations and top management. This framework can be institutionalized to evaluate operations and management more effectively from two different business dimensions – ROS and asset turnover. Industry practitioners can adopt the concept and develop it further accommodating thei...
Application of texture in predicting nuclear fuel cladding creep

X-ray diffraction techniques have been used to measure the texture of Zircaloy-4, which is described quantitatively by the crystallite orientation distribution function (CODF). Procedures for evaluating the anisotropy parameters in the modified Hill equation (R and P) from the CODF and their use in predicting creep behavior are reviewed. Alternatively, the same anisotropy parameters can be obtained from creep test data using appropriate mechanical deformation concepts. These R and P parameters are used to predict the creep behavior of fuel rod cladding both out of pile and in pile. The procedures involved in obtaining the anisotropy parameters from either crystallographic texture data or creep data are summarized. These two approaches, previously discussed separately in the literature, are brought together for a direct comparison. Predictions of creep behavior based on texture measurements are compared with creep data. The utility of the anisotropy parameters in predicting postirradiation cladding dimensions is illustrated by reviewing the work of another research group. Excellent agreement between their model predictions and experimental results of postirradiation examination is observed.
Overexpression and purification of mammalian mitochondrial translational initiation factor 2 and initiation factor 3.

Abstract Two mammalian mitochondrial initiation factors have been identified. Initiation factor 2 (IF2 mt ) selects the initiator tRNA (fMet-tRNA) and promotes its binding to the ribosome. Initiation factor 3 (IF3 mt ) promotes the dissociation of the 55S mitochondrial ribosome into subunits and may play additional, less-well-understood, roles in initiation complex formation. Native bovine IF2 mt was purified from liver a number of years ago. The yield of this factor is very low making biochemical studies difficult. The cDNA for bovine IF2 mt was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the T7 polymerase promoter in a vector that provides a His 6 -tag at the C-terminus of the expressed protein. This factor was expressed in E. coli and purified by chromatography on Ni-NTA resins. The expressed protein has a number of degradation products in partially purified preparations and this factor is then further purified by high-performance liquid chromatography or gravity chromatography on anion exchange resins. IF3 mt has never been purified from any mammalian system. However, the cDNA for this protein can be identified in the expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries. The portion of the sequence encoding the region of human IF3 mt predicted to be present in the mitochondrially imported form of this factor was cloned and expressed in E. coli using a vector that provides a C-terminal His 6 -tag. The tagged factor is partially purified on Ni-NTA resins. However, a major proteolytic fragment arising from a defined cleavage of this protein is present in these preparations. This contaminant can be removed by a single step of high-performance liquid chromatography on a cation exchange resin. Alternatively, the mature form of IF3 mt can be purified by two sequential passes through a gravity S-Sepharose column.
The replication of bacteriophage MS2: III. Asymmetric complementation between temperature-sensitive mutants*

The isolation and properties of a set of seven temperature-sensitive mutants of the RNA bacteriophage, MS2, are described. Temperature-shift experiments and assays of the production of infective RNA at the high temperature suggest that some of these mutants are blocked at an early stage of infection, while others are defective at a near-terminal step.