cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response of a Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Underwater Explosive Loading

The dynamic response characteristic of a simply supported cylindrical shell which is located in the infinite water region subjected to underwater explosive loading induced by spherical charges is investigated in this paper. The equation of the cylindrical shell subjected to underwater explosion shock wave is derived from Hamilton variation principle, considering the fluid-structure interaction. Then the equation is expanded in Fourier series respectively, the dynamic response can be obtained using Galerkin method after being dispersed in time domain using 4-steps classical Ronge-Kutta technique. The computational results are proven to be reliable and correct by comparing with the solutions computed by the code MSC.DYTRAN.
Urinary Incontinence and Health-Seeking Behavior Among White, Black, and Latina Women.

Objective Fewer than half of women with urinary incontinence (UI) seek care for their condition. Our objective was to qualitatively assess the themes surrounding treatment-seeking behaviors. Methods We conducted 12 focus groups with women and, using purposive sampling, we stratified by racial or ethnic group (white, black, Latina) and by UI frequency. All sessions were transcribed and coded for common themes. Comparative thematic analysis was used to describe similarities and differences among groups. Results In total, 113 (39 white, 41 black, and 33 Latina) community-dwelling women participated in focus groups. There were no differences in treatment-seeking themes between groups with different UI frequency. However, certain themes emerged when comparing racial/ethnic groups. Women from all groups shared experiences of embarrassment and isolation because of UI, which were impediments to care seeking. White and black women described discussions with close friends or family that led to normalization of symptoms and prevented care seeking. Latina women maintained more secrecy about UI and reported the longest delays in seeking care. Women articulated a higher likelihood of seeking care if they had knowledge of treatment options, but white women were more likely to seek UI-related knowledge compared with black or Latina women. Physician communication barriers were identified in all groups. Conclusions Despite similar experiences, there are different perceptions about care seeking among white, black, and Latina women. Culturally relevant educational resources that focus on a range of treatment options may improve knowledge and thus improve care-seeking behaviors in women with UI.
Surveillances of pathogens distribution and antibiotic resistance in general intensive care unit

[Objective] To investigate the distribution of pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in general intensive care unit.[Methods] Pathogens isolated in sputum,blood,urine,cent ral venous catheter and local drain from patient s admitted were collected and analyzed during July 2004 to December 2004.[Results] A total of 141 pathogens were identified,pathogens were isolated from at least one location in 73 cases out of 102 patients.The number of ESBL strains were 18.The most common sites of infection were lower respiratory tract,followed by urinary tract.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphlococcus epidermidis were common strains in respiratory tract;Fungi and Escherichia coli were common in urinary tract.Among 141 strains,39.7 % were Gram-negative bacteria,37.6% were Gram positive cocci and 22.7% were fungi.Most of Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Imipenem,and most of Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Vancomycin.[Conclusions] Lower respiratory tract is the major infection site in intensive care unit,Gram-negative bacilli are the most common pathogens,which present with multi-drug resistant pattern.Most of Gram negative bacteria are sensitive to Imipenem,Vancomycin is active against Gram positive cocci.
Geographical Scenic Tourism Development——Take Thousand Island Lake in Chunan County,Zhejiang Province For Example

This paper elaborated the concept of "scenic" and "geographical scenic",and take Thousand Island Lake in Chunan County,Zhejiang Province for example,analyzed great significance of geographical scenic tourist on accelerating tourism transition,integration of urban and rural,enhancing core competitiveness.Thereby,strategy of geographical scenic tourism development such as improving transport and other infrastructure,enhancing the taste of attractions,promoting the works of integration of Township and village,and accelerating the development of special industries have been put forward.
Giving Youth Athletes a Voice in Award Selection and Program-Goal Evaluation

Young athletes are bombarded with images and messages in the media about what sport is supposed to represent. In addition to coping with the potentially negative influences of the media, coaches also face having to address the variable influences of their athletes' peers and parents. This article presents a rationale and a relatively simple method for soliciting youth athlete input in the selection of key awards which can simultaneously yield insight into athlete perceptions and future program goals. The method presented here can also be used to gain insight into a variety of other sport program aspects, such as athletes' understanding of individual skill and team strategy needs, perceptions of desirable moral and ethical behavior, and the influence of comments from peers, parents and coaches. The important message is that “athletes' voices matter” and that young athletes' input can provide insight into the influence of sport on their lives now and in the future.
Human Choice and Good Choice

The choice made by humans is known to depend on available alternatives in rather complex but systematic ways. There has been a significant amount of work on choice models for modeling such human choice. Most of the existing choice models, particularly those in the class of random utility models, however, cannot represent one of the typical phenomena of human choice, known as the attraction effect . Here, we review recent development of choice models that can be trained to learn the attraction effect and other typical phenomena of human choice from the data of the choice made by humans. We also discuss possible extensions of such work on choice models, which suggest potential directions of future research.
Coincidence: The Grounding Problem, Object-Specifying Principles, and Some Consequences

AbstractThis paper lays out the basic structure of any view involving coincident entities, in the light of the grounding problem. While the account is not novel, I highlight fundamental features, to which attention is not usually properly drawn. With this in place, I argue for a number of further claims: (1) The basic differences between coincident objects are modal differences, and any other differences between them need to be explained in terms of these differences. More specifically, the basic difference is not a difference in sort. (2) A number of recent defenses of coincidence, which share the basic structure I outline, misidentify what, in their accounts, plays the basic role of addressing (if not solving) the grounding problem. More tentatively, I argue (3) Coincident entities differ only in these modal properties, and properties they entail. In particular, they do not differ in properties like ‘being a tree,’ ‘being a statue,’ or aesthetic properties, and finally (4) in light of how the account of...
Home-Based Contingency Systems for School Problems

This paper reviews selected literature on the use of daily/weekly report cards with parent managed contingencies to modify school learning and behavior problems. Issues in the development, implemen...
Stochastic response of Duffing-Van der Pol vibro-impact system with viscoelastic term under wide-band excitation

Abstract This paper aims to investigate stochastic dynamics of nonlinear vibro-impact system with viscoelastic term subjected to wide-band noise. Firstly, the viscoelastic term is approximated as equivalent damping and stiffness forces. Then, the non-smooth transformation is adopted to convert the vibro-impact system into a system without barriers. By using of the stochastic averaging method based on generalized harmonic function, the probability densities of the stationary response are obtained and dynamical influence of viscoelastic parameters and restitution coefficient of the system are discussed as well. Comparison between the analytical simulation and numerical simulation results shows an excellent agreement.
FRASA ADJEKTIVA BAHASA JEPANG: ANALISIS X-BAR

The structure and principles of how to form adjective phrases in Japanese were investigated in this study. This qualitative study used content analysis as the research design and assigned Japanese Textbooks used for Japanese Course as the source of data. Corpus of Japanese utterances obtained from the textbook was selected as the research data, containing sentences, clauses, phrases, and discourses. Data were analyzed using linguistic theories of internal structure of tree diagram using X-bar. The study revealed that the structure of adjective phrases of Japanese served as the boundary sentence and pronoun. In addition, the principle of adjective phrases of Japanese consisted of: (1) adjective+noun, (2) pronoun+adjective, (3) noun+adjective, dan (4) adverb+adjective.
Microaggressions, Macroaggressions, and Modern Racism in Higher Education

In this chapter, I present and discuss findings on modern racism, microaggressions, and macroaggressions. The data come from 2500 participants at a predominantly White university and a racially diverse institution who filled out a survey that included scales and items related to racist microaggressive and macroaggressive experiences, racist beliefs, post-racist beliefs, perceptions of campus climate, and cultural competence. Major findings include students of color experiencing more race-based microaggressions than White students, Black and Asian students experiencing the highest levels of race-based microaggressions, and students of color experiencing victimization by members outside of their racial group at higher rates than White students. These findings also illuminate the point that race and racism are still significant within academic institutions. This chapter also includes qualitative data from open-ended survey questions. Major themes include anti-Asian sentiments, anti-Black sentiments, claims of “reverse” racism, and racist jokes.
High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies Defined by Apolipoprotein C-III and Subclinical Atherosclerosis Measures: MESA (The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)

Background Apolipoprotein C‐III (apoC‐III), a small proinflammatory protein present on 6% to 7% of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, defines a subspecies of HDL adversely associated with coronary heart disease in primarily white cohorts. In a multi‐ethnic population free of clinical cardiovascular disease, we evaluated the relationship between apoC‐III–defined HDL subspecies and subclinical markers of atherosclerotic pathology. Methods and Results We investigated cross‐sectional associations between apolipoprotein A‐I concentrations of apoC‐III–defined HDL subspecies, measured via ELISA and imaging measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, among 4659 participants in the MESA (The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) at baseline (2000–2002). HDL particles containing and lacking apoC‐III were divergently associated with coronary artery calcification in women ( P ‐heterogeneity=0.002) but not in men ( P ‐heterogeneity=0.31) and with carotid plaque score ( P ‐heterogeneity=0.02) and intima‐media thickness ( P ‐heterogeneity=0.06) in the overall study population. HDL lacking apoC‐III was inversely associated with all outcome measures (coronary artery calcification, women: odds ratio per SD=0.81 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.90]; carotid plaque, overall: odds ratio per SD=0.92 [95% CI, 0.84–1.00]; intima‐media thickness, overall: mean difference per SD=−14.0 µm [95% CI, −21.1 to −6.7 μm]), whereas HDL containing apoC‐III was positively associated (coronary artery calcification, women: odds ratio=1.10 [95% CI, 0.99–1.22]; plaque, overall: odds ratio=1.10 [95% CI, 1.01–1.19]) or unassociated. Neither total HDL nor HDL subspecies was associated with changes in subclinical atherosclerosis measures up to 10 years later. Conclusions The presence of apoC‐III defined a subspecies of HDL not inversely associated with baseline measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, supporting a role of apoC‐III in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
Consequences of Having Two Kinds of F-Electrons for Sce Systems as Treated By a Synthesis of Many-Body Theory and Electronic Structure

For strongly correlated electron (SCE) systems, one has to treat at least two-electron dynamics and to include both p/d band -f hybridization and p/d band-f coulomb exchange. However, the two great simplifications possible when considering magnetic ordering for uranium SCE systems have enabled us to make absolute material-specific predictions of alloying or high-pressure effects using Local Density Approximation (LDA) input into many-electron dynamics with only one non-ab-initio number (the baseline percentage division, for unalloyed material at ambient pressure, between occupied correlated-electron states having localized (magnetic) and those having delocalized (nonmagnetic) 5f electrons). Experimentally, the alloying effects can be dramatic, e.g. in UxLal-XS the magnetic ordering abruptly disappears at about 55% uranium. The theory is quite successful in its detailed absolute predictions, and this has important implications for the overall understanding of electronic behavior in SCE systems including heavy fermion systems. The key conclusion is that the hybridization, as kinematically restricted by exchange symmetry, leads to a chemical-environment-dependent sharp threshold for a drastic restructuring of the ground state in SCE systems with dramatic observable consequences. This restructuring is driven by the elimination of the localized-magnetic transition-shell electrons (f electrons for light actinide and cerium-based SCE materials, d electrons for transition-metal-oxide-based SCE materials).
Version spaces: a candidate elimination approach to rule learning

An important research problem in artificial intelligence is the study of methods for learning general concepts or rules from a set of training instances. An approach to this problem is presented which is guaranteed to find, without backtracing, all rule versions consistent with a set of positive and negative training instances. The algorithm put forth uses a representation of the space of those rules consistent with the observed training data. This "rule version space" is modified in response to new training instances by eliminating candidate rule versions found to conflict with each new instance. The use of version spaces is discussed in the context of Meta-DENDRAL, a program which learns rules in the domain of chemical spectroscopy.
Downtown congestion pricing in practice

Abstract “Downtown congestion pricing” (DCP) is what this paper calls the practice of relieving congestion by charging tolls, or requiring the purchase of supplementary licenses, to drive in a city’s central areas. Five major cities have implemented DCP: Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan and Gothenburg. This paper reviews the history of DCP, reporting on each system’s implementation, design, transportation impacts and finances. In addition, the paper provides historical context, discusses four recurring themes and outlines plans for future systems.
On-wafer Magnetic Resonance of Magnetite Nanoparticles

Abstract Magnetic resonance measurements of ferumoxytol and TEMPO were made using an on-wafer transmission line technique with a vector network analyzer, allowing for broadband measurements of small sample volumes (4 nL) and small numbers of spins (1 nmol). On-wafer resonance measurements were compared with standard single-frequency cavity-based electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements using a new power conservation approach and the results show similar line shape. On-wafer magnetic resonance measurements using integrated microfluidics and microwave technology can significantly reduce the cost and sample volumes required for EPR spectral analysis and allow for integration of EPR with existing lab-on-a-chip processing and characterization techniques for point-of-care medical diagnostic applications.
The generality of post-antimicrobial treatment persistence of replicatively-attenuatedBorrelia burgdorferiin a mouse model

ABSTRACT A basic feature of infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme borreliosis, is that persistent infection is the rule, not the norm, in its many hosts. The ability to persist and evade host immune clearance poses a challenge to effective antimicrobial treatment. A link between therapy failure and the presence of persister cells has started to emerge. There is growing experimental evidence that viable, but non-cultivable spirochetes persist following treatment with several different antimicrobial agents, then resurge after 12 months. The current study utilized the mouse model to evaluate if persistence and resurgence occur following antimicrobial treatment in a disease-susceptible (C3H/HeN) and disease-resistant (C57BL/6) mouse strain infected with B. burgdorferi strains N40 and B31, to confirm the generality of these phenomena. The status of infection was evaluated at 12 and 18-months after treatment. The results demonstrated that persistent spirochetes remain viable for up to 18 months following treatment, but divide slowly, thereby being tolerant to the effects of antimicrobial agents, as well as being non-cultivable. The phenomenon of persistence and resurgence in disease-susceptible C3H mice is equally evident in disease-resistant B6 mice, and not unique to any particular B. burgdorferi strain. The results also demonstrate that following antimicrobial treatment, both strains of B. burgdorferi, N40 and B31, lose one or more small plasmids, resulting in attenuation. The biological relevance of attenuated B. burgdorferi spirochetes is probably inconsequential. The study demonstrated that non-cultivable spirochetes can persist in a host following antimicrobial treatment for a long time but did not demonstrate their clinical relevance in a mouse model of chronic infection.
Exploring the Boundaries of Diversity and Inclusion in Human Resource Development

This article reviews literature focused on diversity and inclusion in human resource development (HRD) journals. A focused analysis of articles published from 2010 to the present reveals shifting c...
When Objectivity Is Out of Reach: Learnings from Conducting Research with Commercially Sexually Exploited Women

Leveraging my personal narrative, stemming from conducting research in a personally relevant context with marginalized participants, I use standpoint theory and a posttraumatic growth lens to provi...
Randomized Trial of a Lifestyle Intervention for Urban Low-Income African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

African Americans suffer more than non-Hispanic whites from type 2 diabetes, but diabetes self-management education (DSME) has been less effective at improving glycemic control for African Americans. Our objective was to determine whether a novel, culturally tailored DSME intervention would result in sustained improvements in glycemic control in low-income African-American patients of public hospital clinics. This randomized controlled trial (n = 211) compared changes in hemoglobin A1c (A1c) at 6, 12, and 18 months between two arms: (1) Lifestyle Improvement through Food and Exercise (LIFE), a culturally tailored, 28-session community-based intervention, focused on diet and physical activity, and (2) a standard of care comparison group receiving two group DSME classes. Cluster-adjusted ANCOVA modeling was used to assess A1c changes from baseline to 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively, between arms. At 6 months, A1c decreased significantly more in the intervention group than the control group (− 0.76 vs − 0.21%, p = 0.03). However, by 12 and 18 months, the difference was no longer significant (12 months − 0.63 intervention vs − 0.45 control, p = 0.52). There was a decrease in A1c over 18 months in both the intervention (β = − 0.026, p = 0.003) and the comparison arm (β = − 0.018, p = 0.048) but no difference in trend (p = 0.472) between arms. The intervention group had greater improvements in nutrition knowledge (11.1 vs 6.0 point change, p = 0.002) and diet quality (4.0 vs − 0.5 point change, p = 0.018) while the comparison group had more participants with improved medication adherence (24% vs 10%, p < 0.05) at 12 months. The LIFE intervention resulted in improved nutrition knowledge and diet quality and the comparison intervention resulted in improved medication adherence. LIFE participants showed greater A1c reduction than standard of care at 6 months but the difference between groups was no longer significant at 12 and 18 months. NCT01901952
Hölder estimates for homotopy operators on strictly pseudoconvex domains with $$C^2$$ C 2 boundary

We derive a new homotopy formula for a strictly pseudoconvex domain of $$C^2$$ boundary in $${\mathbf C}^n$$ by using a method of Lieb and Range and obtain estimates in Lipschitz spaces for the homotopy operators. For $$r>1$$ and $$q>0$$ , we obtain a $$\Lambda _{r+{1}/{2}}$$ solution u to $$\overline{\partial }u=f$$ for a $$\overline{\partial }$$ -closed (0, q)-form f of class $$\Lambda _{r}$$ in the domain. We apply the estimates to obtain boundary regularities of $$\mathcal D$$ -solutions for a domain in $$\mathbf{C}^n\times \mathbf{R}^m$$ .
Association of a Lung Screening Program Coordinator With Adherence to Annual CT Lung Screening at a Large Academic Institution.

Abstract Background Detection of early-stage lung cancer improves during subsequent rounds of screening with low-dose CT and potentially leads to saving lives with curative treatment. Therefore, adherence to annual lung screening is important. We hypothesized that adherence to annual screening would increase after hiring of a dedicated program coordinator. Methods We performed a mixed-methods study in a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent lung screening at our academic institution between January 1, 2014, and March 31, 2018. Patients with baseline lung screening examinations performed between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2016, with Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System 1 or 2 scores and a 12-month follow-up recommendation were included. We tracked patient adherence to annual follow-up lung screening over time (before and after hiring of a program coordinator) and conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients nonadherent to annual follow-up to elicit quantitative and qualitative feedback. Results Of the 319 patients who completed baseline lung screening with normal results, 189 (59%) were adherent to annual follow-up recommendations and 130 (41%) were nonadherent. Patient adherence varied over time: 21.7% adherence (10 of 46) before hiring a program coordinator and 65.6% adherence (179 of 273) after the program coordinator’s hire date. Patients reported the following reasons for nonadherence to annual lung screening: lack of transportation, financial cost, lack of communication by physicians, and lack of current symptoms. Conclusions Adherence to annual lung screening after normal baseline studies increased significantly over time. Hiring a full-time program coordinator was likely associated with this increased in adherence.
A unified optimization algorithm for solving "regret-minimizing representative" problems

Given a database with numeric attributes, it is often of interest to rank the tuples according to linear scoring functions. For a scoring function and a subset of tuples, the regret of the subset is defined as the (relative) difference in scores between the top-1 tuple of the subset and the top-1 tuple of the entire database. Finding the regret-ratio minimizing set (RRMS), i.e., the subset of a required size k that minimizes the maximum regret-ratio across all possible ranking functions, has been a well-studied problem in recent years. This problem is known to be NP-complete and there are several approximation algorithms for it. Other NP-complete variants have also been investigated, e.g., finding the set of size k that minimizes the average regret ratio over all linear functions. Prior work have designed customized algorithms for different variants of the problem, and are unlikely to easily generalize to other variants.In this paper we take a different path towards tackling these problems. In contrast to the prior, we propose a unified algorithm for solving different problem variants. Unification is done by localizing the customization to the design of variant-specific subroutines or "oracles" that are called by our algorithm. Our unified algorithm takes inspiration from the seemingly unrelated problem of clustering from data mining, and the corresponding k-medoid algorithm. We make several innovative contributions in designing our algorithm, including various techniques such as linear programming, edge sampling in graphs, volume estimation of multi-dimensional convex polytopes, and several others. We provide rigorous theoretical analysis, as well as substantial experimental evaluations over real and synthetic data sets to demonstrate the practical feasibility of our approach.
Rate Redundancy and Entropy Allocation for PAS-OFDM Based Mobile Fronthaul

From the perspective of an experimentalist, we discuss the comparison framework that ensures the same information rate in probabilistic shaping (PS) signals. Theoretically, the information rate can be tuned by adjusting the target entropy, scaling the signal bandwidth and adjusting FEC code rate. In practice, the information rate tuning should be based on the hardware feasibility (e.g., DAC resolution, available analog bandwidth, cost of rate adaptation). Adjusting a constellation entropy rate without considering FEC redundancy will cause an over-estimation of the PS system performance gain. To avoid the over-estimation issue, the modified pre-FEC threshold for PS signal is also proposed to estimate the system performance accurately. The modified pre-FEC threshold is obtained from the FEC code rate of PS signal. Moreover, we experimentally investigated the adaptive entropy allocation scheme in a millimeter-wave analog radio over fiber fronthaul using the modified pre-FEC threshold. By grouping the subcarriers into PS units and using the same QAM order, the proposed scheme can reduce the required data frame length as well as the processing complexity. Notably, this method requires neither dynamic FEC coding rate nor bandwidth adjusting method. Up to 2.5-dB power margins and a smoother pre-FEC performance among PS units are achieved in a frequency selective fading channel. If the modified FEC threshold were not used, it would induce up to 0.7-dB over-estimation in the received sensitivity. This indicates the importance of employing the proposed methods for comparison when FEC is used in combination with PS.
Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Cells

This review focuses on three approaches used to study recombination mediated by cellular functions: (a) extrachromosomal recombination between transfected DNA molecules; (b) chromosomal recombination between repeated genes stably incorporated in the genome; and (c) targeted recombination between introduced DNA molecules and homologous sequences in the chromosome
Trigger Point Injections for Myofascial Pain During Epidural Analgesia for Labor

Background and Objectives Myofascial pain is the leading cause of chronic low back pain and in most cases can be successfully resolved with trigger point injections of local anesthetics. This type of pain can exist during pregnancy and exceed the analgesia provided by an epidural for labor. Methods A 31-year-old primiparous woman received an epidural infusion for labor analgesia. Despite complete resolution of labor pain and a solid, bilateral T10 block, the patient reported discomfort at two discrete locations in her right lumbar paraspinous muscle. Results The administration of local anesthetic via trigger point injections resulted in successful palliation of the myofascial pain. Conclusions Myofascial pain can be an etiology of back pain in the parturient. Trigger point injections, even when used concomitantly with a functioning epidural infusion, can be a valuable aid for the provision of complete analgesia.
Evaluation of longitudinal surrogate markers

The use of surrogate markers to examine the effectiveness of a treatment has the potential to decrease study length and identify effective treatments more quickly. Most available methods to investigate the usefulness of a surrogate marker involve restrictive parametric assumptions and tend to focus on settings where the surrogate is measured at a single point in time. However, in many clinical settings, the potential surrogate marker is often measured repeatedly over time, and thus, the surrogate marker information is a trajectory of measurements. In addition, it is often difficult in practice to correctly specify the relationship between a treatment, primary outcome, and surrogate marker trajectory. In this paper, we propose a model-free definition for the proportion of the treatment effect on the primary outcome that is explained by the treatment effect on the longitudinal surrogate markers. We propose three novel flexible methods to estimate this proportion, develop the asymptotic properties of our estimators, and investigate the robustness of the estimators under multiple settings via a simulation study. We apply our proposed procedures to an AIDS clinical trial dataset to examine a trajectory of CD4 counts as a potential surrogate.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Migration Following Mechanical Intubation: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature.

Background Cervical arthroplasty has established itself as a safe and efficacious alternative to fusion in management of symptomatic cervical degenerative disease. Recent literature has indicated a trend toward decreased risk of reoperation with cervical arthroplasty, and reoperation in this subset commonly occurs secondary to recurrent pain and device-related complications. The instance of cervical arthroplasty migration, particularly in the setting of trauma, is particularly rare. Here, we report the first case of implant migration secondary to iatrogenic trauma following neck manipulation during direct laryngoscopy for mechanical intubation. Case Description A 53-year-old smoker with cervical spondylosis underwent a cervical 3/4 arthroplasty with a ProDisc-C implant. About a month postoperatively, he was intubated via direct laryngoscopy for community acquired pneumonia and began experiencing new dysphonia and dysphagia after extubation. Delayed imaging revealed anterior migration of the implant. The patient immediately underwent removal of the implant and conversion to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Conclusions Supraphysiologic forces exerted through neck manipulation in mechanical intubation mimicked low-energy trauma, and in the setting of ligamentous resection necessary for cervical arthroplasty and inadequate osseous integration, led to migration of the implant. We recommend the integration of fiberoptic technique or video laryngoscopy with manual in line stabilization for intubation of post cervical arthroplasty patients when airway management is necessary within 10 months after cervical arthroplasty. Clinicians and anesthesiologists should have a high clinical suspicion for prompt and early workup with spine imaging in the setting of persistent postintubation symptoms such as dysphonia and/or dysphagia.
Solvation and Mobilization of Copper Active Sites in Zeolites by Ammonia: Consequences for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides.

ConspectusCopper-exchanged chabazite (Cu-CHA) zeolites are catalysts used in diesel emissions control for the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) via selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactions wi...
Identifying Conversational Strategies for Psychiatrists in Discussing Substance Use with Adolescent Patients.

Child and adolescent psychiatrists are uniquely positioned to discuss substance use with high risk patients; however, there has been little research about these conversations and their characterist...
Justice perceptions of artificial intelligence in selection

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized by organizations in selection decisions. However, research has fallen behind the practice, and one area in need of investigation is how applicants' perceptions of justice are formed in this increased involvement of AI in the hiring process. Accordingly, two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of using AI in selection on justice perceptions. Findings indicated that AI‐based interviewing was generally viewed as less procedurally and interactionally just than traditional human‐based interviewing. Additionally, the effect of interview type on different applicant reaction outcomes was mediated by justice dimensions, particularly two‐way communication. Findings may help organizations regarding how best to utilize AI in selection in order to attract and retain top talent.
Transcriptional Diversity of Medium Spiny Neurons in the Primate Striatum

The striatum is the neural interface between dopamine reward signals and cortico-basal ganglia circuits responsible for value assignments, decisions, and actions. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) make up the vast majority of striatal neurons and are traditionally classified as two distinct types: direct- and indirect-pathway MSNs. The direct- and indirect-pathway model has been useful for understanding some aspects of striatal functions, but it accounts for neither the anatomical heterogeneity, nor the functional diversity of the striatum. Here, we use single nucleus RNA-sequencing and Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization to explore MSN diversity in the Rhesus macaque striatum. We identified MSN subtypes that correspond to the major subdivisions of the striatum. These include dorsal striatum subtypes associated with striosome and matrix compartments, as well as ventral striatum subtypes associated with the shell of the nucleus accumbens. We also describe a cell type that is anatomically restricted to "Neurochemically Unique Domains in the Accumbens and Putamen (NUDAPs)". Together, these results help to advance nonhuman primate studies into the genomics era. The identified cell types provide a comprehensive blueprint for investigating cell type-specific information processing, and the differentially expressed genes lay a foundation for achieving cell type-specific transgenesis in the primate striatum.
Exposure and Recovery from Environmentally Relevant Levels of Waterborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Deepwater Horizon Oil: Effects on the Gulf Toadfish Stress Axis.

There is evidence that the combination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impairs the glucocorticoid stress response of vertebrates in the Gulf of Mexico, but the mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that inhibition of cortisol release may be due to 1) overstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis, or 2) an inhibition of cortisol biosynthesis through PAH activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using a flow-through system, Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) were continuously exposed to control conditions or one of 3 environmentally relevant concentrations of PAHs from Deepwater Horizon oil (∑PAH50 = 0-3 μg L-1 ) for up to 7 d. One group of toadfish was then exposed to a recovery period for up to 7 d. No changes in corticotrophin-releasing factor mRNA expression, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or pituitary mass suggested that overstimulation of the HPI axis was not a factor. The AhR activation was measured by an elevation of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A) mRNA expression within the HPI axis in fish exposed to high PAH concentrations; however, CYP1A was no longer induced after 3 d of recovery in any of the tissues. At 7 d of recovery, there was an impairment of cortisol release in response to an additional simulated predator chase that does not appear to be due to changes in the mRNA expression of the kidney steroidogenic pathway proteins steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage, and 11β-hydroxylase. Future analyses are needed to determine whether the stress response impairment is due to cholesterol availability and/or down-regulation of the melanocortin 2 receptor. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1062-1074. © 2020 SETAC.
Hammers for Robots: Designing Tools for Reinforcement Learning Agents

In this paper we explore what role humans might play in designing tools for reinforcement learning (RL) agents to interact with the world. Recent work has explored RL methods that optimize a robot’s morphology while learning to control it, effectively dividing an RL agent’s environment into the external world and the agent’s interface with the world. Taking a user-centered design (UCD) approach, we explore the potential of a human, instead of an algorithm, redesigning the agent’s tool. Using UCD to design for a machine learning agent brings up several research questions, including what it means to understand an RL agent’s experience, beliefs, tendencies, and goals. After discussing these questions, we then present a system we developed to study humans designing a 2D racecar for an RL autonomous driver. We conclude with findings and insights from exploratory pilots with twelve users using this system.
Chicago and Corporate-Led Reform

The Chicago Public Schools (CPS) are representative of a large city school system that, despite numerous efforts at the local and state level, has been unable to demonstrate long-term success. In 1987, then Secretary of Education William Bennett declared Chicago’s public schools the worst in the nation. Such harsh criticism of the nations’ third largest school system is neither new nor unique. The focus of this chapter is a discussion of three major reform efforts in Chicago that disrupted the status quo by decentralizing authority, reconfiguring power in the hands of the mayor, and then efforts by the mayor to introduce and expand school choice. The role of various noneducation actors and the response from the existing education regime are also discussed.
Analysis of Nutrient-Response Relationships

A general mathematical model is proposed to relate biological response to nutrient intake. The mathematical expression is r = sigma k0 alpha ini/sigma l0 beta ini, k less than or equal to l, alpha 0 less than greater than or equal to 0, alpha 1 ... alpha k greater than or equal to 0, beta zero ... beta l greater than or equal to 0. The model provides for saturation behavior with respect to nutrient intake, but it also provides for a wide range of shapes to the nutrient-response curve. The characteristics of the nutrient-response curve, as well as the characteristics of transformations of the primary equation, are discussed in detail. Graphical methods are discussed for obtaining quantitative estimates of parameters that describe the nutrient-response relationship. The model is compared with other models used currently in nutrient-response analysis. The steps involved in the graphical procedure are summarized.
Airborne remote sensing measurements with a pulsed CO2 DIAL system

A lidar instrument based on compact, pulsed carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers has been developed for airborne remote sensing of atmospheric trace species at infrared wavelengths. It was designed for differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements using backscatter of laser pulse energy from the ocean and terrain surface in order to infer trace specie column content. The instrument is now operational on the NASA/Wallops Flight Center P3 aircraft. A flight test program started in July 1981 has produced results on instrument performance, backscatter data statistics, and target signatures. We will present these results and discuss their implications for remote sensing with this type of instrument.
Electrical and structural characterization of GaAs vertical-sidewall epilayers grown by atomic layer epitaxy

Electrical and structural measurements have been performed on novel test structures incorporatingp-type GaAs epilayers grown by organometallic vapor phase atomic layer epitaxy on the vertical sidewalls of semi-insulating GaAs rods formed by ion-beam-assisted etching. Preliminary results indicate that the vertical-sidewall epilayers have excellent crystal quality and sufficient electrical quality to support a sidewall-epitaxy device technology. Some examples of candidate electronic, electrooptic, and photonic devices for vertical-sidewall fabrication are FETs, resistors, waveguides, modulators, and quantum-wire and quantum-dot lasers.
Contribution of the cytosol and mitochondrial pathways to phosphoenolpyruvate formation during gluconeogenesis.

Gluconeogenesis was compared in liver slices from guinea pigs and rats to assess the significance of the different distribution patterns of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Preferential formation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the cytosol or mito chondria was determined by addition of compounds (tryptophan, quinolinic acid, n-butylmalonate and amino oxyacetic acid) which inhibit cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or decrease the availability of substrate precursors such as malate and aspartate. During active gluconeogenesis these inhibitors are all effective. In particular, quinolinic acid at a concentration of 10 mM inhibits glucose formation about 90% in rat liver and produces a 60% inhibition in guinea pig liver. A study of avian liver phos phoenolpyruvate carboxykinase which is predominantly a mitochondria! enzyme, re vealed a cytosol component during embryogenesis when there is a requirement for active gluconeogenesis. These results indicate that during maximum gluconeogenesis, the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the cytosol assumes a significant proportion of the carbon pathway, even in those animals which have the capacity to synthesize large amounts of this important precursor of glucose in the mitochondria. J. Nutr. JI03: 1489-1495, 1973. INDEXING
Spectrophotometric determination of the dissociation constant of ribonuclease S

Spectrophotometric determination of the dissociation constant of ribonuclease S' at low ionic strength and in the absence of substrate yields values for Kd three to four orders of magnitude larger than those determined by using recovery of activity as the criterion for association. These values correspond with calculations from earlier data from another laboratory, and seem reasonable for a peptide-protein interaction involving noncovalent bonds.
Coagulase and Deoxyribonuclease Activities of Staphylococci Isolated From Clinical Sources

A total of 504 clinical isolates of the family Micrococcaceae were tested for coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, clumping factor, and phosphatase to determine whether there is a correlation between the results of these tests and the pathogenicity of staphylococci. In the tests for coagulase production, it was found that either human or rabbit plasma could be used with broth cultures, whereas rabbit but not human plasma was satisfactory when microorganisms removed from solid culture medium were used. Deoxyribonuclease production correlated better than the fermentation of mannitol with coagulase production. The use of methyl green, Toluidine Blue O, or acridine orange offered no advantage over the use of HCl for detecting the production of deoxyribonuclease. Neither the presence of clumping factor nor the production of phosphatase correlated well with coagulase production. Strains of staphylococci that did not produce coagulase and deoxyribonuclease were isolated as frequently as, and from a greater variety of clinical sources than, strains which produced these substances. It is concluded that the production of coagulase and deoxyribonuclease are properties of staphylococci which are not necessarily indicative of potential pathogenicity of the organisms for man.
Reinaldo Arenas' Transformative Revolution

While Roberto Fernandez Retamar, in his post-colonial essay "Caliban: Notes Toward a Discussion of Culture in Our America" (1989) poses the question: "Does a Latin American culture exist?" (3), Reinaldo Arenas asks and attempts to answer the following: Does a homosexual exist in the Cuban culture that promotes non-divergence from the postulated male-female gender behavior? More importantly, he will ask: do I exist? Fernandez Retamar's argument emphasizes the postcolonial conditions under which many Latin American countries continue to exist, focusing his discussions on the differentiation between the center and the periphery. It can be argued, then, that Reinaldo Arenas' writing stems from the nature of Fernandez Retamar's deduction regarding questions of postcolonial existence, which will lead Arenas to analyze the place of the homosexual subject within the center/periphery dichotomy. Another contention discussed in Fernandez Retamar's essay focuses on the issues of language, its connection to the colonizers and the impact it has had on the "developing" cultures of Latin American nations (5). Notwithstanding, his debate also corresponds to the demands placed on Cuban artists and writers to utilize their craft to promote the development of a revolutionary social consciousness by adapting the "language" of the Revolution. As Fidel Castro states, those who supported the Revolution had every right within the system, those that did not had no rights at all. To understand the struggles that Reinaldo Arenas attempted to overcome through his writing, having rejected the regime's demands for conformity and "existing" as a homosexual writer, the iconic symbol of the post-colonial movements, Caliban, can best symbolize the writer's own agenda, particularly emphasizing the development of a counter-discourse that sought to de-construct the "official story" that marginalized and oppressed all non-conformists whom a "colonizer" deemed inferior, thus creating a "colonized subject." This paper seeks to answer the following question: What is the ideological commonality that connects Caliban and Reinaldo Arenas, the homosexual writer?
Forecasting U.S. Home Foreclosures with an Index of Internet Keyword Searches

Finding data to feed into financial and risk management models can be challenging. Many analysts attribute a lack of data or quality information as a contributing factor to the worldwide financial crises that seems to have begun in the U.S. subprime mortgage market. In this paper, a new source of data, key word search statistics recently available from Google, are applied in a experiment to develop a short-term forecasting model for the number of foreclosures in the U.S. housing market. The keyword search data significantly improves forecast of foreclosures, suggesting that this data can be useful for financial risk management. More generally, the new data source shows promise for a variety of financial and market analyses.
Dietary fiber supplementation: effect on exocrine pancreatic secretion in man

The effect of a dietary fiber supplementation program (20 g/d) on exocrine pancreatic gland secretion was evaluated in six healthy male subjects who underwent quantitative assessment of pancreatic enzyme secretion both before and after 4 wk of dietary fiber supplementation. A duodenal perfusion technique was used to quantify the concentrations and output of pancreatic enzymes after ingestion of a standard test meal. Samples were aspirated from the ligament of Trietz and analyzed for pH, total protein, amylase, trypsin, and lipase activity. No significant changes were observed in duodenal flow rate pH, total protein, amylase, or trypsin concentrations and outputs after fiber supplementation. A marked increase in mean (+/- SEM) lipase concentration (U/mL) and output (kU/min) in both the resting and postprandial states was seen, reaching statistical significance (p less than 0.05) at 120 min postprandial. These data suggest that in man, a 4-wk dietary fiber supplementation program can modulate pancreatic lipase secretion.