cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rank-sets of indecomposable modules over one-dimensional rings

Abstract Let R be a one-dimensional, reduced Noetherian ring with finite normalization, and suppose there exists a positive integer N R such that, for every indecomposable finitely generated torsion-free R -module M and every minimal prime ideal P of R , the dimension of M P , as a vector space over the localization R P (a field), is less than or equal to N R . For a finitely generated torsion-free R -module M , we call the set of all such vector-space dimensions the rank-set of M . What subsets of the integers arise as rank-sets of indecomposable finitely generated torsion-free R -modules? In this article, we give more information on rank-sets of indecomposable modules, to supplement previous work concerning this question. In particular we provide examples having as rank-sets those intervals of consecutive integers that are not ruled out by an earlier article of Arnavut, Luckas and Wiegand. We also show that certain non-consecutive rank-sets never arise.
Coexistence in the even zinc isotopes

A generalized two-state coexistence model developed to describe the 0/sup +//sup '/ to ground state cross-section ratios in the (p,t) and (t,p) reactions on even-even nuclei is applied to the zinc isotopes. We demonstrate that two-state mixing wave functions for the ground state and excited 0/sup +/' state in /sup A/Zn can quantitatively account for all sigma(0/sup +//sup '/)/sigma (g.s.) ratios in Zn(p,t) and Zn(t,p). Finally, we couple these 0/sup +/ wave functions with a set of two-state mixing 2/sup +/ wave functions to describe the E2 transition-rate data in /sup 68/Zn.
Incremental value of combined perfusion and function over perfusion alone by gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of severe three-vessel coronary artery disease.

Abstract Objectives We hypothesized that combining functional assessment to perfusion enhances the ability of electrocardiographic gating Tc-99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (gated SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) to detect defects in multiple vascular territories in patients with severe three-vessel coronary artery disease (3VD). Background In patients with 3VD, perfusion defects in multiple vascular territories may not always be evident due to globally reduced perfusion. Methods Gated SPECT MPIs were interpreted sequentially with perfusion first, followed by combined perfusion/function, in 143 patients with angiographic 3VD and a control group of 112 non-3VD patients. All patients underwent coronary arteriography within one month of MPI. Results In 3VD patients, combined perfusion/function analysis yielded significantly greater numbers of abnormal segments/patient (6.2 ± 4.7 vs. 4.1 ± 2.8, p Conclusions Adjunctive assessment of function with perfusion by gated SPECT MPI enhances the detection of defects in multiple vascular territories in patients with severe 3VD, without adversely affecting its specificity.
Near-infrared spectroscopy for measurement of total dietary fiber in homogenized meals.

Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was investigated as a method for prediction of total dietary fiber (TDF) in mixed meals. Meals were prepared for spectral analysis by homogenization only (HO), homogenization and drying (HD), and homogenization, drying, and defatting (HDF). The NIR spectra (400-2498 nm) were obtained with a dispersive NIR spectrometer. Total dietary fiber was determined in HDF samples by an enzymatic-gravimetric assay (AOAC 991.43), and values were calculated for HD and HO samples. Using multivariate analysis software and optimum processing, partial least squares models (n ) 114) were developed to relate NIR spectra to the corresponding TDF values. The HO, HD, and HDF models predicted TDF in independent validation samples (n ) 37) with a standard error of performance of 0.93% (range 0.7-8.4%), 1.90% (range 2.2-18.9%), and 1.45% (range 2.8-23.3%) and r2 values of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.97, respectively. Compared with traditional analysis of TDF in mixed meals, which takes 4 days, NIR spectroscopy provides a faster method for screening samples for TDF. The accuracy of prediction was greatest for the HDF model followed by the HD model.
Adsorption kinetic and equilibrium study for removal of mercuric chloride by CuCl2-impregnated activated carbon sorbent.

Abstract The intrinsic adsorption kinetics of mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ) was studied for raw, 4% and 10% CuCl 2 -impregnated activated carbon (CuCl 2 -AC) sorbents in a fixed-bed system. An HgCl 2 adsorption kinetic model was developed for the AC sorbents by taking into account the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and internal and external mass transfer. The adsorption kinetic constants determined from the comparisons between the simulation and experimental results were 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 m 3 /(g s) for DARCO-HG, 4%(wt), and 10%(wt) CuCl 2 -AC sorbents, respectively, at 140 °C. CuCl 2 loading was found to slightly increase the adsorption kinetic constant or at least not to decrease it. The HgCl 2 equilibrium adsorption data based on the Langmuir isotherm show that high CuCl 2 loading can result in high binding energy of the HgCl 2 adsorption onto the carbon surface. The adsorption equilibrium constant was found to increase by ∼10 times when CuCl 2 loading varied from 0 to 10%(wt), which led to a decrease in the desorption kinetic constant (k 2 ) by ∼10 times and subsequently the desorption rate by ∼50 times. Intraparticle pore diffusion considered in the model showed good accuracy, allowing for the determination of intrinsic HgCl 2 adsorption kinetics.
Randomization Analysis of the Completely Randomized Design Extended to Growth and Response Curves

Abstract A randomization analysis of a completely randomized growth (or response) curve model is derived from the basic assumptions of the design in the manner of Kempthorne (1955). Best linear unbiased estimators for mean growth and contrast curves are obtained. Kempthorne's discussion of a univariate randomization test is generalized to the case of unequal group sizes and adapted to the problem of testing for treatment effects at a point in time. A similar randomization test for treatment effects over a specified interval of time is motivated and approximated by a standard F test. The proposed analysis is applied to experimental data.
THE ECUMENICAL PROJECTION

The Ecumene, or inhabited world as known to the Greeks and Romans, occupied an arc including Western and Southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central, Southern, and Eastern Asia. In order to map this area with minimal distortion, a special map projection was devised, the "Ecumenical Projection." This projection is an oblique case of the Albers Equivalent Conic, with the projection pole at 60°N, 75°E, and standard parallels at transformed latitudes of +45° and +65°. A BASIC-language computer program was written to calculate graticule coordinates for this projection for any desired area and scale, and is available from the writer. The Ecumenical Projection was found to represent all portions of the "civilized" Ecumene with a high degree of accuracy and should be of use to historical geographers interested in this area and period. La partie habitee du monde que les Grecs et les Romains designaient sous le nom d'oikoumene occupait un arc forme du sud et de l'ouest de l'Europe, du nord de l'Afri...
Methodologic issues in epidemiologic studies of congenital microcephaly

In this methodological paper, we explore a number of issues that pose problems for those who seek the antecedents of congenital microcephaly. We pay particular attention to three concerns: Who is a case? How should cases be classified? To whom should cases be compared?
Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid synergy with thyroid hormone during tadpole metamorphosis

Abstract Corticosteroids (CS) act synergistically with thyroid hormone (TH) to accelerate amphibian metamorphosis. Earlier studies showed that CS increase nuclear 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T 3 ) binding capacity in tadpole tail, and 5′ deiodinase activity in tadpole tissues, increasing the generation of T 3 from thyroxine (T 4 ). In the present study we investigated CS synergy with TH by analyzing expression of key genes involved in TH and CS signaling using tadpole tail explant cultures, prometamorphic tadpoles, and frog tissue culture cells (XTC-2 and XLT-15). Treatment of tail explants with T 3 at 100 nM, but not at 10 nM caused tail regression. Corticosterone (CORT) at three doses (100, 500 and 3400 nM) had no effect or increased tail size. T 3 at 10 nM plus CORT caused tails to regress similar to 100 nM T 3 . Thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) mRNA was synergistically upregulated by T 3 plus CORT in tail explants, tail and brain in vivo , and tissue culture cells. The activating 5′ deiodinase type 2 (D2) mRNA was induced by T 3 and CORT in tail explants and tail in vivo . Thyroid hormone increased expression of glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNAs. Our findings support that the synergistic actions of TH and CS in metamorphosis occur at the level of expression of genes for TRβ and D2, enhancing tissue sensitivity to TH. Concurrently, TH enhances tissue sensitivity to CS by upregulating GR and MR. Environmental stressors can modulate the timing of tadpole metamorphosis in part by CS enhancing the response of tadpole tissues to the actions of TH.
Induced fission of natural thorium systems

Abstract A series of radiochemical experiments have been conducted to determine the amount of naturally occurring fission that might take place in thorium ores. 99Mo was chosen as the fission product to be an indicator for fission events of 232Th. Boron was added to the thorium systems in order to increase the neutron flux of the systems via (α, n) reactions. Equilibrium activity of 99Mo, an average for two samples, was observed to be 6 × 10−5 dps/g Th from the aqueous thorium-boron system. The average effective fast neutron flux determined was about 8 × 10−3n/sec/cm2 for two samples. The B/Th ratio (atom/atom) was 0.1267.
Role of nitrogen mineralization in fertilizer recommendations

Abstract Efficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is important to achieve optimum crop yields while avoiding potential contamination of surface and ground water. A major obstacle in achieving optimum N fertilization is the difficulty of predicting soil organic N mineralization under field conditions. Since soils differ in their N‐supplying capacity, there is need for a testing procedure that will enable producers to make an accurate assessment of soil N availability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate electro‐ultrafiltration (EUF) and autoclave techniques to estimate soil N mineralization relative to N uptake by corn from unfertilized plots. Five different geographical locations in Nebraska were selected to encompass climatic conditions and soil types typically encountered throughout the state. Soil organic N mineralized determined by plant N uptake varied between geographical locations and ranged from 13 to 131 kg ha‐1. Data from both laboratory procedures were poorly correlated with crop N uptake...
Relative retention of adult sawtoothed grain beetles in potential food baits

Abstract Retention of adult sawtoothed grain beetles, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), in freshly cracked corn, wheat and sorghum; rolled oats or freshly cut kibbled carobs, was evaluated in the laboratory via choice tests. Retention in a food mixture (cracked corn, cracked wheat, rolled oats and kibbled carobs; 1:1:1:0.2 parts by weight), used for detecting stored-product insects on farms and in country elevators in Kansas, was compared with that in cracked corn, cracked wheat, cracked sorghum, kibbled carobs and rolled oats. Choice tests were performed using 80 unsexed adults in 41.5 cm diameter wooden arenas with 5-g samples of one or more food materials in total darkness at 27°C and 45% rh . Retention of O. surinamensis adults in cracked corn and rolled oats was significantly and consistently higher than in cracked wheat, cracked sorghum or kibbled carobs. There were no significant differences in the number of adults retained in cracked corn and rolled oats in the majority of tests. Adult retention in the food mixture and cracked corn was similar, and twice as many adults were retained in these foods compared with rolled oats. Equal number of adults were retained in the food mixture with and without carobs. The consistent and high retention of adults in cracked corn or rolled oats indicated that these foods are promising as baits for detecting residual populations of O. surinamensis adults in empty grain stores, warehouses or outdoors.
Asymptotic oscillation hypothesis

Abstract The observed persistence of threshold effects into the Regge asymptotic region of single-particle inclusive cross sections can be accommodated in a natural fashion by complex Regge poles which, if factorizable, will produce asymptotic damped oscillations in a wide variety of other observable quantities. It is shown that a single pair of such poles, the imaginary part of whose position in the complex J plane is of the order ± 1, can qualitatively explain various anomalies that have been observed in high energy phenomena. Predictions are made for future measurements.
Cometary brightness variation and nucleus structure

The Bobrovnikoff and Beyer photometric data for more than 100 comets have been analyzed for intrinsic brightness variations,before andafter perihelion, according to ther −n law, wherer is solar distance. The Oort and Schmidt classification of comet ‘age’ has been extended and applied with Marsden's new determinations of inverse semi-major axis, 1/a, original. All classes of comets withP>25 yr show statistically the same value ofn after perihelion. New comets approach perihelion with smaller values ofn and older comets with increasingly larger values (Table II). For comets ofP<25 yr,n is larger and erratic. A physical interpretation involves the quick loss of a frosting of super-volatile materials from new comets; then, for all comets, the development of an insulating crust after perihelion. The crust also includes ‘globs’ of meteoroidal and icy material. The crust tends to be purged near perihelion but generally to grow in a spotty fashion with cometary age. The orientation of the axes of rotating comets is shown to be an important unknown factor in cometary brightness variations. A speculation is made concerning the axis of rotation for C/Kohoutek, 1973 XII.
Multiple behavioral techniques in a case of female homosexuality

Abstract The present case study illustrates the use of systematic desensitization, relaxation, behavior rehearsal, role playing and manipulation of masturbation fantasies in treating a female homosexual. Features of the treatment were self-report procedures and a focus upon developing heterosexual behavior.
A reassessment of the status of the benthic macrofauna of the Raritan estuary

The benthic macrofauna of the Raritan estuary, at the mouth of New York Harbor, has been reported to be severely impacted by pollution, with a significant change occurring between surveys in the late 1950’s and the early 1970’s. We review this assessment using five-fold more macrofaunal data (including biomass), not reported or used before, from a 1973–1974 survey. These data are compared to previous and similar studies in the area. This reassessment suggests benthic community structure is not as degraded as previously reported and is, in many ways, similar to other relatively unpolluted middle Atlanic estuaries.
Multi-responsive metal–organic lantern cages in solution

Soluble copper-based M4L4 lantern-type metal–organic cages bearing internal amines were synthesized. The solution state integrity of the paramagnetic metal–organic cages was demonstrated using NMR, DLS, MS, and AFM spectroscopy. 1D supramolecular pillars of pre-formed cages or covalent host–guest complexes selectively formed upon treatment with 4,4′-bipyridine and acetic anhydride, respectively.
Sampling Expansions in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert and Banach Spaces

Given a countable subset Λ of a set Ω, we investigate the construction of all the reproducing kernel Hilbert (resp. Banach) spaces on Ω that have Λ as a sampling (resp. p-sampling) set. Unlike the general p-frames, we prove that every p-sampling set for a reproducing kernel Banach space yields a reconstruction formula. Some applications are given to demonstrate the general construction.
Protease activation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads to neutrophil recruitment to coronary artery endothelial cells.

Introduction Thrombin or tryptase cleavage of protease-activated receptors (PAR) on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) results in activation of a membrane-associated, calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) that selectively hydrolyzes plasmalogen phospholipids. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture results in a coronary ischemic event in which HCAEC in the ischemic area would be exposed to increased thrombin concentrations in addition to tryptase released by activated mast cells present in the plaque.
Projection onto A Nonnegative Max-Heap

We consider the problem of computing the Euclidean projection of a vector of length p onto a non-negative max-heap—an ordered tree where the values of the nodes are all nonnegative and the value of any parent node is no less than the value(s) of its child node(s). This Euclidean projection plays a building block role in the optimization problem with a non-negative max-heap constraint. Such a constraint is desirable when the features follow an ordered tree structure, that is, a given feature is selected for the given regression/classification task only if its parent node is selected. In this paper, we show that such Euclidean projection problem admits an analytical solution and we develop a top-down algorithm where the key operation is to find the so-called maximal root-tree of the subtree rooted at each node. A naive approach for finding the maximal root-tree is to enumerate all the possible root-trees, which, however, does not scale well. We reveal several important properties of the maximal root-tree, based on which we design a bottom-up algorithm with merge for efficiently finding the maximal root-tree. The proposed algorithm has a (worst-case) linear time complexity for a sequential list, and O(p2) for a general tree. We report simulation results showing the effectiveness of the max-heap for regression with an ordered tree structure. Empirical results show that the proposed algorithm has an expected linear time complexity for many special cases including a sequential list, a full binary tree, and a tree with depth 1.
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the Branching of Olfactory Projection Neurons in the Lobster Deutocerebrum

Serotonin depletion during embryogenesis has been shown previously to retard the growth of the olfactory and accessory lobes of the lobster deutocerebrum (Benton et al., 1997). The present study was undertaken to determine whether morphological changes in the interneurons innervating these lobes contribute to this growth retardation. We examined the effects of in vivo serotonin depletion using 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) on the morphology of the olfactory projection neurons, one of two major classes of interneurons that innervate both lobes. Intracellular dye fills of olfactory projection neurons in normal embryos showed that each neuron extensively innervates either the olfactory or accessory lobe before projecting to neuropil regions in the protocerebrum. In embryos injected with 5,7-DHT, however, the deutocerebral arbors of 13.5% of the olfactory projection neurons examined were either markedly reduced compared with normal neurons or absent. Affected neurons also exhibited a number of additional aberrant morphological features suggesting that these neurons represent cells that were affected during their initial morphogenesis. Olfactory projection neurons with aberrant morphologies were also encountered, although less frequently (7.5% of the neurons examined), in control (sham-injected) embryos indicating that the sham injections can affect the development of the brain. This observation provides insights into the nature of effects seen in control embryos in previous experiments (Benton et al., 1997). The results of the present study indicate that in vivo serotonin depletion inhibits the branching of olfactory projection neurons and suggest, therefore, that one of the functions of serotonin during normal development is to promote the ingrowth of these neurons into the deutocerebral neuropils.
Design of digital filters for communication systems

Digital filters are finding extensive applications in modern communication systems because of their inherent advantages over their analog counterparts. Raised-cosine type of digital filters are used frequently in pulse shaping because of their ability to minimize the error probability caused by the Intersymbol Interference (ISI). In this paper we discuss the design of raised-cosine digital filters required to meet some specific design objectives imposed by the desire to obtain minimum ISI and architectural simplicity. Two optimal methods, viz, the Remez exchange method and the Linear Programming method to design digital filters are compared. When the filter specifications satisfy certain conditions called "half-band" conditions, the computationally efficient Remez exchange method is preferable to the Linear Programing technique. The report also discusses the design of optimally partitioned linear phase transmit and receive filters for minimum ISI in the overall filter. Filter design examples are included.
Intelligence-Personality Associations Reconsidered: The Importance of Distinguishing between General and Narrow Dimensions of Intelligence.

The relationship between intelligence and personality has been of scientific interest for over 100 years. However, most contemporary estimates of these relationships are limited because they do not separate the variance due to general and narrow cognitive abilities. This study demonstrates that this methodological oversight can distort estimates of intelligence–personality associations by masking true effects and falsely showing others. To test this proposition, we examine correlations between several personality and ability scales, and then repeat the analyses using latent modeling techniques where variance due to general intelligence (g) and narrow mental abilities is appropriately separated. Our results show that estimates of specific intelligence–personality associations based on observed test scores can be both erroneously inflated or deflated.
Boosting performance of I/O-intensive workload by preemptive job migrations in a cluster system

Load balancing in a cluster system has been investigated extensively, mainly focusing on the effective usage of global CPU and memory resources. However, if a significant portion of applications running in the system is I/O-intensive, traditional load balancing policies that focus on CPU and memory usage may cause the system performance to decrease substantially. To solve this problem, a new I/O-aware load-balancing scheme with preemptive job migration is presented to sustain the high performance of a cluster with a diverse set of workload conditions. The proposed scheme dynamically detects I/O load imbalance on nodes of a cluster, and determines whether to preempt some running jobs on overloaded nodes and migrate them to other less- or under-loaded nodes. Besides balancing I/O load, the scheme takes into account both CPU and memory load sharing in clusters, thereby maintaining the same level of performance as existing schemes when I/O load is low or well balanced. Results from a trace-driven simulation show that, compared to the existing approaches that only consider I/O with nonpreemptive job migrations, the proposed schemes achieve the improvement in mean slowdown by up to a factor of 10.
Functional Norms for Young Towers

We introduce functional norms for hyperbolic Young towers which allow us to directly study the transfer operator on the full tower. By eliminating the need for secondary expanding towers commonly employed in this context, this approach simplifies and expands the analysis of this class of Markov extensions and the underlying systems for which they are constructed. As an example, we prove large-deviation estimates with a uniform rate function for a large class of non-invariant measures and show how to translate these to the underlying system.
Distributed computing theory: algorithms, impossibility results, models, and proofs

In this talk, I will recount my history of working in the area of Distributed Computing Theory, starting nearly 30 years ago. I will describe the main contributions my collaborators and I have made, with some history and perspective. These contributions include a few algorithms, many impossibility results, a strong dose of modeling and proof methods, and a variety of applications of the theory. I will highlight one specific technical result—the well-known “Fischer, Lynch, Paterson (FLP)” result that asserts impossibility of reaching consensus in a distributed system, in the presence of failures. I will explain what it says, why it is true, and what its significance has been. Because distributed algorithms must contend with many subtleties that do not arise in simpler settings, modeling and proof methods have come to be an important part of Distributed Computing Theory. I will describe the modeling frameworks that my collaborators and I have developed to support work on distributed algorithms. These are mainly interacting state-machine models like I/O Automata, Timed I/O Automata, and Hybrid and Probabilistic I/O Automata. One thing led to another: Having good modeling and proof methods for distributed algorithms, we found ourselves applying them to practical case studies, in diverse areas including Internet communication protocols, mobile wireless network protocols, controlled robotics and vehicle systems, security protocols, and even cellular-level biological systems. Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). STOC’07, June 11–13, 2007, San Diego, California, USA. ACM 978-1-59593-631-8/07/0006. Finally, I will describe some new directions that my research group is currently pursuing. These include new interacting state-machine models that combine timed, hybrid, and probabilistic features in one framework, as well as a formal language (Tempo) and computer-supported tools for describing and analyzing systems modeled as Timed I/O Automata. And we are still working on distributed algorithms and impossibility results, but now we are focusing on new kinds of distributed network settings: highly dynamic networks such as mobile ad hoc networks. I believe that much interesting research remains to be done to develop a new Distributed Computing Theory for these new settings.
Long-term neural processing of attention following early childhood traumatic brain injury: fMRI and neurobehavioral outcomes

Attentional deficits are common and significant sequelae of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about how the underlying neural processes that support different components of attention are affected. The present study examined brain activation patterns using fMRI in a group of young children who sustained a TBI in early childhood ( n = 5; mean age = 9.4), and a group of age-matched control children with orthopedic injuries (OI) ( n = 8) during a continuous performance task (CPT). Four children in the TBI group had moderate injuries, and one had a severe injury. Performance on the CPT task did not differ between groups. Both TBI and OI children activated similar networks of brain regions relevant to sustained attention processing, but the TBI group demonstrated several areas of significantly greater activation relative to controls, including frontal and parietal regions. These findings of over -activation of the relevant attention network in the TBI group contrast with those obtained in imaging studies of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder where under -activation of the attention network has been documented. This study provides evidence that young children's brains function differently following a traumatic brain injury, and that these differences persist for years after the injury. ( JINS , 2008, 14 , 424–435.)
Choice of technology in farming systems research using expert systems — Case studies from Zambia and India

Abstract Expert systems for on farm recommendations of technology choice are developed in this paper based on solutions of optimization models at the farm level. It is shown that with the facilities of macro-programming in Lotus 1-2-3 or other spreadsheet programs it is possible to develop a rule-based expert system that is easily understood, and modified by the user with very little or no knowledge of programming languages. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the methods using field level data from Zambia and India. The Zambian case uses a linear programming model to choose between oxen and a handhoe technology at the farm level. The Indian case uses a dynamic programming model to make crop disease control decisions. It is argued that similar programs could be written for other farm planning or management problems. Given the increased use of microcomputers at the farm level, programs such as the ones developed in this paper could be highly practical in places where agricultural experts are scarce.
Semiconductors turn soft: inorganic nanomembranes

The distinction between hard and soft materials is most frequently described at the microscopic level as a difference in the nature of the bonding and molecular assembly, but concepts of “soft” and “hard” are more intuitively associated with macroscopic mechanical properties, such as stiffness or hardness. The behavior of a hard material may resemble that of a soft material in many aspects when a structural dimension is reduced to the nanoscale, even if elastic constants and moduli do not change. When semiconductor crystals, strongly covalently bonded and brittle, are made into membranes as thin as a few nanometres, they can behave like traditional soft matter, while maintaining their single-crystal structure without defects even after substantial deformation. This review presents single-crystal Si in a new fashion, i.e., as a form of soft matter, if fabricated as flexible nanomembranes, and suggests a plethora of interesting science and many applications that may benefit from the use of Si in this “soft matter” form. We suggest that the nanomembrane form gives Si an additional, new life as a soft material.
Characterizing Location Preferences in an Exurban Population: Implications for Agent-Based Modeling:

Powerful computational tools are becoming available to represent the behavior of complex systems. Agent-based modeling, in particular, facilitates an examination of the system-level outcomes of the heterogeneous actions of a set of heterogeneous agents: for example, patterns of land-use and land-cover change, such as urban sprawl as a result of residential location decisions. These new tools create new demands for data, and empirical studies of the selection behavior of residents. Using resident responses from the 2001 Detroit Area Study survey, we compared two alternative approaches to characterizing the heterogeneous preferences of agents; both based on a factor analysis of resident responses to questions about their reasons for moving to their current location. We used cluster analysis to identify how many and what types of residents there are, grouped by similar preferences. We also evaluated the relationships between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and location preferences using regression trees, and evaluated the fit of the relationship to determine the degree to which socioeconomic characteristics predict preferences. The results showed that the preferences of resident exurbans of single-family homes in the Detroit metropolitan area were heterogeneous and that distinct preference groups do exist in resident populations, but are not well characterized on the basis of simple socioeconomic and demographic variables. We conclude that, given the heterogeneous nature of preferences and a relatively limited number of preference groupings observed in the survey respondents, agent-based models simulating resident behavior should reflect this diversity in the population and incorporate distinct agent classes of empirically derived preference distributions.
Making the Pitch: Examining Dialogue and Revisions in Entrepreneurs' Pitch Decks

Research problem: The question: How Korean entrepreneurs in an entrepreneurship program revised their slide decks for their presentations (“pitches”) in response to professional communication genres representing feedback from potential stakeholders in their target markets is examined. Research questions: As entrepreneurs learn to pitch ideas to unfamiliar markets, how do they revise their slide decks for their pitches when interacting with other professional communication genres that represent the concerns of market stakeholders? Specifically, what changes do entrepreneurs make to the claims, evidence, and complexity of arguments in their pitches? Literature review: The professional communication literature demonstrates that the revision process tends to take place in documentation cycles where documents are set in interaction with each other. Yet such revision processes are not studied in detail in existing studies of entrepreneurial pitches in marketing and technology commercialization. Methodology: In this exploratory qualitative study, researchers textually analyzed 14 sets of five related document genres in the archives of an entrepreneurship program. These genres represented a full cycle of activity: application to the program, initial pitches, initial feedback from program personnel, detailed feedback from representative stakeholders in the target market, and revised pitches. Interviews and surveys of program personnel further contextualize the data. Results and conclusions: Entrepreneurs revised their claims and evidence based on their dialogue with their target market. Some of the entrepreneurs altered their slides to make more complex arguments rebutting stakeholders' concerns. These findings suggest that entrepreneurs engage in dialogue with their target markets, but their engagement tends to be guided by tacit, situated experience rather than through an explicit, systematized approach.
A planar electroosmotic micropump

Electroosmotic (EO) micropumps use field-induced ion drag to drive liquids and achieve high pressures in a compact design with no moving parts. An analytical model applicable to planar, etched-structure micropumps has been developed. This model consists of pressure and flow relations in addition to an analytical expression that can be used to estimate the thermodynamic efficiency of planar EO pumps. The analytical model was applied to guide the design of a pump consisting of an etched EO flow chamber for near-optimal hydraulic power performance. To achieve high efficiency, the working fluid used was deionized (DI) water with a conductivity of 3.0 /spl times/ 10/sup -4/ S/m (pH = 5.7). The EO micropump was fabricated on a soda-lime glass substrate using standard microlithography and chemical wet etching techniques. The active pumping volume of the device consists of a wet-etched flow channel 1-mm long in the flow direction and 0.9 /spl mu/m by 38-mm in cross section. The pump performance agrees well with the theoretical model. The pump can produce a maximum pressure of 0.33 atm and a maximum flow rate of 15 /spl mu/L/min min at 1 kV.
Reduction of iron (III) and humic substances plays a major role in anaerobic respiration in an Arctic peat soil

[1] Arctic peat soils contain vast reserves of organic C and are largely anaerobic. However, anaerobic respiration, particularly the role of Fe(III) and humic substances as electron acceptors, is not well understood in such ecosystems. We investigated these processes in a drained thaw lake basin on the Arctic coastal plain near Barrow, Alaska. We measured concentrations of soluble Fe and other potential electron acceptors, described the microbial community, and performed experiments in the laboratory and field to measure net rates of Fe(III) reduction and the relationship of this process to C cycling. In most areas within the basin, aerobic conditions existed only in the upper few centimeters of soil, though oxygen penetrated deeper in raised areas, such as rims of ice wedge polygons. Concentrations of nitrate and sulfate in soil pore water were low or negligible. Soil pore water contained surprisingly high concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe(III), in the range of hundreds of μM, suggesting the presence of organic chelators. The solid phase contained substantial amounts of iron minerals, with a progressively reduced oxidation state throughout the growing season. The most abundant 16S rRNA sequence in our gene survey was closely related to the Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, Rhodoferax ferrireducens, and other sequences closely related to Fe-transforming bacteria were found. Field and laboratory incubations with soluble Fe(III) and the quinonic compound, AQDS (a common humic analog), stimulated respiration and verified that Fe(III) reduction occurs in these soils. We conclude that reduction of Fe(III) and humic substances are major metabolic pathways in this ecosystem.
Abstract #1738: Curcumin decreases Sp protein expression and pancreatic cancer cell and tumor growth

Recent studies have shown that Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and is associated with poor prognosis for these patients. In addition to Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are also overexpressed in many tumors and together Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 regulate many genes that play an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, survival and metastasis. Since Sp proteins are overexpressed in tumor tissue when compared to the normal tissues, this suggests that Sp transcription factors are excellent targets for cancer chemotherapy. Recent studies showed that phytochemical curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a spice component, inhibited tumor growth and proliferation in various cancer cell lines and is reported to act through inhibition of NFkB. In this study we show that curcumin inhibited proliferation of Panc-28 and L3.6pL pancreatic cancer cell lines and growth inhibitory IC 50 values were 12.4 and 9.7 µM for Panc-28 and L3.6pL cells respectively. Curcumin also induced apoptosis and decreased expression of cyclin D1, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR1 & VEGFR2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Curcumin also decreased constitutive levels of NFkB and this was associated with down regulation of p65. Sp knockdown by RNA interference also decreased p65 expression demonstrating that in pancreatic cancer cells p65 is an Sp dependent gene. Treatment with 10 - 50 µM curcumin decreased Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 protein expression in both Panc-28 and L3.6pL cells and curcumin induced Sp downregulation was not inhibited by the proteosome inhibitor MG132. We also observed that at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day given intraperitoneally, curcumin decreased pancreatic tumor weight and growth in athymic nude mice bearing L3.6pL cells as xenografts. In addition, we also observed decrease in Sp-dependent genes such as VEGF, survivin, cyclin D1 in both in vivo and in vitro studies. The mechanism responsible for curcumin-dependent Sp proteins degradation is currently under investigation. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1738.
Revolutions Incomplete: Horace Greeley and the Forty-eighters at Home and Abroad

Abstract This article provides an overview of the sweeping events of 1848 on both sides of the Atlantic from the perspective of Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune. It analyzes editorial content about the year's election published concurrently with reports about the revolutionary movements in the German states that were influenced by Rhineland editor Karl Marx, suggesting Greeley's vision for the Whig Party understood the United States as intrinsically linked to international events. The article features newspaper columns, campaign-related literature, and the writings of Whig leaders who, during the short presidency of General Zachary Taylor, helped develop a free-soil platform that resonated in particular with German immigrants, the “Forty-eighters,” later forming the foundation of the Republican Party. Its findings are significant for media historians because they detail Greeley's efforts to attract a valuable immigrant demographic to his audience, and to present issues popularized in his new...
Adrenergic Regulation and Heritable Arrhythmias: Key Roles of the Slowly Activating Heart IKs Potassium Channel

The slowly activating delayed rectifier I Ks channel plays a crucial role in heart repolarization and is regulated by β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation. I Ks channels are comprised of a pore forming subunit, KCNQ1, as well as an auxiliary subunit, KCNE1, and are regulated by the sympathetic nervous system through KCNQ1 association with AKAP9 (Yotiao): AKAP9 recruits PKA, a phosphatase, adenylate cyclase, and a phosphodiesterase to the channel which enables fine regulation of the phosphorylated state of a key serine residue located in the KCNQ1 N-terminus. This chapter reviews work has elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying sympathetic regulation of I Ks and the role of mutations of these genes in heritable arrhythmias, and summarizes the direction of current and future research.
The Effects of Play Therapy on the Social and Psychological Adjustment of Five-to-Nine-Year Old Children

This study was designed to determine the effects of play therapy on the adjustment of children identified as socially and psychologically maladjusted. The effects of play therapy on six variables were investigated. Those variables were: social adjustment, personal adjustment, self-concept, school-related self-concept, behavioral maturity as rated by the teacher, and inferred self-concept as rated by the parent. The general nature of the research hypotheses was that play therapy would effect positive change in the children on the six variables. The results of the study led to the conclusion that during a fifteen-week period play therapy effects statistically significant change in social adjustment, but not in personal adjustment, self-concept, or behavior as perceived by others. Implications of the study based on observations of the experimenter were that all changes made during the therapy process were not reflected by the tests which were available. It was recommended that further research on the effects of play therapy place special emphasis on the selection or development of instruments to measure changes made during therapy.
Use of High-Frequency Ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics, ventilator settings, and gas exchange indices of patients placed on high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Methods Retrospective observation of all consecutive patients aged 0 to 18 years with acute respiratory failure managed with high-frequency ventilation from the institution's introduction of HFPV on May 1, 2012, until July 10, 2013. Measurements and Main Results Twenty-seven patients underwent HFPV as a first mode of high-frequency ventilation and 16 patients underwent HFOV first. HFPV was used more frequently in patients with acute respiratory illnesses ( p p o 2 /F io 2 (SF) ratios ( p p p co 2 levels ( p = 0.02) 6 hours after initiation, and HFOV patients showed no significant differences. Peak inspiratory pressures (HFPV) and mean airway pressures (HFOV) remained at or below 30 cm H 2 O at each time point. HFPV and HFOV patients had an average of 2.8 and 2.9 mode changes, respectively. Mortality was 15% in the HFPV group and 50% in the HFOV group. Conclusions HFPV is associated with rapid improvement in oxygenation and ventilation at acceptable airway pressures in patients with acute respiratory failure of various etiologies, primarily for those with difficulties of ventilation or secretion management. In our institution, HFOV appears to be initiated first in children with higher severity of illness.
Techniques for Determining the Toxicity of Pine Resin Vapors to Dendroctonus brevicomis and D. jeffreyi

Several procedures were explored to obtain a suitable technique for determining the fumigant toxicity of pine resin vapors to adult bark beetles. The most suitable fumigation chamber used was a 150-cc. screw-cap jar with a teflon plastic gasket, though a cork-stoppered 30-cc. test tube had certain limited uses. Beetles were held within the chamber in individual cells of glass and lumite screening. Fresh resin, collected from trees by a mierotap device, was apportioned by volume, and the dosage of vapor in a chamber was determined by changes in weight of the resin sample. A saturated atmosphere of resin vapor was reached within 24 hours after placing a resin sample in the chamber. A 150-cc. volume was saturated by approximately 2 mg. of vapor of Pinus ponderosa Laws. resin, by 20 mg. of P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf and by 6 mg. of P. jeffreyi ✕ ponderosa. Using Dendroctotnus brevicomis Lec. as the test insect, it was found that light, evaporative area of resin, and volume of the chamber did not alter the mortality rate of the beetle. Size and sex of the beetle, species of resin, and temperature of the chamber did alter the mortality rate.
Advising a Model United Nations club: A scaffolded youth-adult partnership to foster active participation and political engagement

Abstract Model United Nations is one of the world's most popular civic education programs, but there has been little research on how adult advisors of such programs support students' participation and political engagement. This study begins to address this research gap through a case study of one Model UN club. By analyzing data from over 150 h of observation and from interviews with advisors and students, the author found that advisors facilitated the club as a scaffolded youth-adult partnership and provided three major types of support: intellectual, administrative, and personal. Findings have implications for various extracurricular and classroom-based educational programs.
The Nonfinancial Business Sector in the Expanded Model

The model of the nonfinancial business sector presented in this chapter extends the one developed in Chapter 4 by allowing the sector to produce capital goods as well as consumption goods. Consequently in addition to the decisions confronting it in Chapter 4, the sector now must determine (at least tentatively) how many capital goods it will produce in both the current and next periods as well as how many of the capital goods it produces this period it will sell to the household or government sectors and how many it will acquire itself in order to facilitate next period’s production.