cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Restaurant Franchise Investment

Abstract The objectives of this case study are to describe the strategic positioning of the Johnny Carino's1 concept and to enable students to financially evaluate the purchase of a single-site franchise unit. Accordingly, this case begins with the formation of the Johnny Carino's parent company, Fired Up, Inc. Next the parent company's strategy and operations are examined. Finally, the student is guided in an analysis of individual restaurant financial performance.(A teaching note for this case is available from the author upon request).
Chemical Exchange Effects on Spectra

The sections in this article are 1 Derivation of the Exchange Operator 2 Short List of Common Exchange Events 3 Systems Undergoing more than One Exchange Process 4 Linearization of the Nonlinear Exchange Terms 5 Discussion for a Simple Spin System of Techniques for Obtaining the Exchange Time τe 6 The Exception when the Exchange Time τe is Equal to or Less than the Correlation Time τc 7 The Exception when the Exchange Relaxation is not Exponential 8 Biographical Sketch
Host stroma determines the tumor response to radio-inducible TNF-alpha based gene therapy

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4027 Combination treatment with the radio-inducible adenoviral vector Ad.Egr-TNF (TNFerade™) and ionizing radiation (IR) produces synergistic anti-tumor effects in pre-clinical tumor models. Safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in phase I and phase 2 clinical trials. To test the hypothesis that host stroma determines the tumor response to Ad.Egr-TNF+IR we compared the effects of treatment on B16-F1 melanoma tumors growing in wild-type C57BL/6 and TNF receptor 1, receptor 2 deficient (TNFR−/−) mice. C57BL/6 or TNFR−/− mice were injected in the hind limb subcutaneously with 1× 106 B16-F1 melanoma cells. 7-10 days later tumors reached a mean volume of 368.4 ± 33.6 mm3 (C57BL/6) and 355.4 ± 45.9 mm3 (TNFR−/−) respectively. Treatment began at day 0 at which time tumors were divided in 4 treatment groups: control (viral buffer, days 0, 1), IR (20 Gy, day 1, viral buffer, days 0, 1), vector alone (2×109 p.u. Ad.Egr-TNF, days 0, 1), vector + IR (Ad.Egr-TNF, 2×109 p.u., days 0, 1, and 20 Gy, day 1). 10μl of viral buffer or Ad.Egr-TNF were injected intratumorally (IT) using a Hamilton syringe. Untreated tumors in C57BL/6 hosts exhibited a 10-fold increase in tumor volume by day 8. Equivalent growth was observed in vector treated tumors (10.2-fold increase, day 8) at which time animals in both groups were sacrificed due to tumor burden. Tumors treated with Ad.Egr-TNF+IR were significantly smaller compared with IR alone (4.3 vs 10.8, day 11, p=0.04) In TNFR−/−mice, untreated and vector treated tumors exhibited equivalent growth similar to that observed in wild-type C57BL/6 hosts. However, no significant anti-tumor effects were detected following combined treatment with Ad.Egr-TNF+IR (10.4-fold increase) compared with IR alone (9.6-fold increase, day 11) in TNFR−/− hosts. These results demonstrate that TNF-α protein induced by IR requires intact host TNF receptors to achieve anti-tumor effects and suggest that the tumor stroma is a target for radio-inducible gene therapy. Supported by NIH Grant CA-111423 (RRW)
Characterization of n‐Type Semiconducting Indium Phosphide Photoelectrodes Stabilization to Photoanodic Dissolution in Aqueous Solutions of Telluride and Ditelluride Ions

n-type semiconducting single crystal InP (bandgap, E/sub BG/, = 1.25 eV) has been studied as a photoanode in aqueous electrolytes. Irradiation of the InP with light of energy greater than or equal to the value of E/sub BG/ results in the flow of anodic current. In 1.0M NaOH solutions, the onset of photocurrent is at about -1.1V vs SCE, and the current is accompanied by anodic dissolution of the electrode. The behavior of the reductants X/sup 2 -/ (X = S, Se, Te) was investigated, and only Te/sup 2 -/ was found to be oxidized completely efficiently at the irradiated InP. For S/sup 2 -/ we could see no oxidation to elemental S, but oxidation of Se/sup 2 -/ was found to be partially competitive with photoanodic dissolution of the electrode. The band positions of InP have been determined in all electrolytes by measuring the photopotential, or from differential capacitance measurements. The band positions are dependent on the electrolyte pH and on the presence of X/sup 2 -/. For the Te/sup 2 -/ electrolyte, the oxidation product, Te/sub 2//sup 2 -/, is reducible at the Pt counterelectrode, ultimately resulting in an electrolyte with a constant composition. The maximum voltage outputmore » in the Te/sup 2 -//Te/sub 2//sup 2 -/ electrolyte is approximately 0.4V at high light intensity, and the short-circuit quantum efficiency for electron flow is approximately 0.2 at low light intensity. The energy conversion efficiency for conversion of 632.8 nm light to electricity is of the order of one percent.« less
Integrating Regulation into Nursing Curricula

Knowledge of applicable regulatory standards is crucial to the safe, effective practice of nursing at all levels. Boards of nursing recognize the importance of regulatory content in nursing education, and the concept of regulation is invariably included in regulatory requirements and accreditation standards; however, authority over integration within the educational curriculum is limited. This article presents a framework and instructional techniques for effectively teaching regulation in nursing curricula.
Contrasting models of parity-mode evolution in squamate reptiles.

Recent analyses using large-scale phylogenies suggest a radically different history for the evolution of live birth and egg laying in squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) than traditionally understood. What is the ancestral condition for lizards and snakes? How frequently does live bearing evolve in egg-laying lineages? Can the eggshell ever re-evolve in live-bearing lineages? Answering these fundamental questions about the evolution of key physiological processes will require additional data from genomic, developmental, and fossil data. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B:467-472, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article: Pyron R, Burbrink FT. 2015. Contrasting models of parity-mode evolution in squamate reptiles. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B:467-472. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B:467-472, 2015
Distribution of melanocytes in the human cochlea

Melanin pigmentation in the human cochlea may have an important role in preventing oxidative stress by limiting free-radical formation.1 Melanocytes are distributed in the stria vascularis and spiral ligament regions and recent evidence illustrates the distribution of melanin in the human cochlea with lower relative amount of melanin observed in the basilar turns compared to apical turns.2 In this important report, African American (AA) individuals had greater cochlear melanin levels compared to Caucasian individuals and these results are hypothesized to account for decreased rates of presbycusis in AA patients. This temporal bone histopathology case illustrates the melanin distribution in the adult cochlea in a patient with a history of presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss with a preponderance of melanin in the mid turns compared to basal turns.
Equation of state and metallization of CsI

Self-consistent, nonrelativistic augmented-plane-wave (APW) calculations for CsI were carried out to generate the band structure, the static-lattice equation of state (EOS), and the volume dependence of the electronic energy-band gap. The theoretical room-temperature isothermal compression curve agrees well with static and ultrasonic measurements at low pressure. Our calculations do not agree with two recent sets of diamond-anvil-cell measurements above 10 GPa. The calculated band gaps are too small at low pressure, but, at high pressure, are consistent with both the experimental results and the Herzfeld-model prediction. These results suggest that the insulator-to-metal transition occurs in the range 100 +- 10 GPa. A calculation of the shock compression curve of CsI shows that the thermally excited electrons cause a significant softening of the Hugoniot curve. The experimental zero-pressure band gaps of the isoelectronic compounds Xe, CsI, and BaTe are linearly correlated with ln(v/v/sub H/), where v/sub H/ is the specific volume of metallization predicted by the Herzfeld model. Based on this correlation, and on the similarity of the APW calculated EOS's of Xe and CsI, which agree closely with experimental compression measurements, we predict that BaTe will become metallic at approximately 30 GPa.
Optimal control of multiclass parallel service systems

We consider routing and scheduling systems consisting of a number of parallel homogeneous servers with finite capacities. Assuming that jobs belong to multiple classes, we represent the interconnection of arrival streams (servers) to stations by abipartite graph, called therouting (resp.scheduling) digraph. By developing an algebraic structure on the interconnection pattern embedded in the digraph, we identify certain classes of symmetric routing and scheduling systems for which a simple control policy such as theShortest Queue policy can be shown to be optimal in the sense of optimizing the departure and loss counting processes. A counterexample is shown for systems described by digraphs with a cyclic structure.
Theoretical Analysis of Perching and Hovering Maneuvers

Unsteady aerodynamic phenomena are encountered in a large number of modern aerospace and non-aerospace applications. Leading edge vortices (LEVs) are of particular interest because of their large impact on the forces and performance. In rotorcraft applications, they cause large vibrations and torsional loads (dynamic stall), affecting the performance adversely. In insect flight however, they contribute positively by enabling high-lift flight. Identifying the conditions that result in LEV formation and modeling their effects on the flow is an important ongoing challenge. Perching (airfoil decelerates to rest) and hovering (zero freestream velocity) maneuvers are of special interest. In earlier work by the authors, a Leading Edge Suction Parameter (LESP) was developed to predict LEV formation for airfoils undergoing arbitrary variation in pitch and plunge at a constant freestream velocity. In this research, the LESP criterion is extended to situations where the freestream velocity is varying or zero. A point-vortex model based on this criterion is developed and results from the model are compared against those from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Abstractions of perching and hovering maneuvers are used to validate the low-order model's performance in highly unsteady vortex-dominated flows, where the time-varying freestream/translational velocity is small in magnitude compared to the other contributions to the velocity experienced by the leading edge region of the airfoil. Time instants of LEV formation, flow topologies and force coefficient histories for the various motion kinematics from the low-order model and CFD are obtained and compared. The LESP criterion is seen to be successful in predicting the start of LEV formation and the point-vortex method is effective in modeling the flow development and forces on the airfoil. Typical run-times for the low-order method are between 30-40 seconds, making it a potentially convenient tool for control/design applications.
Temperature equilibration in a fully ionized plasma: Electron-ion mass ratio effects.

Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS) produced an analytic calculation for energy exchange processes for a weakly to moderately coupled plasma: the electron-ion temperature equilibration rate and the charged particle stopping power. These precise calculations are accurate to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma coupling parameter and to all orders for two-body quantum scattering within the plasma. Classical molecular dynamics can provide another approach that can be rigorously implemented. It is therefore useful to compare the predictions from these two methods, particularly since the former is theoretically based and the latter numerically. An agreement would provide both confidence in our theoretical machinery and in the reliability of the computer simulations. The comparisons can be made cleanly in the purely classical regime, thereby avoiding the arbitrariness associated with constructing effective potentials to mock up quantum effects. We present here the classical limit of the general result for the temperature equilibration rate presented in BPS. In particular, we examine the validity of the m{sub electron}/m{sub ion}{yields}0 limit used in BPS to obtain a very simple analytic evaluation of the long-distance collective effects in the background plasma.
Non-perturbative semi-analytical source-type solutions of thin-film equation

Abstract We employ Adomian’s decomposition method to explicitly construct approximate non-perturbative source-like solutions of the thin-film equation h t = −( h n h xxx ) x for 0 n
Inhibitory sites of androgens and estradiol in progesterone biosynthesis in granulosa cells of the domestic hen.

Abstract In a previous in vitro study we found that androgens and estradiol (E2) suppress progesterone (P4) production by the granulosa cells isolated from the largest follicle of the domestic hen in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of an aromatase inhibitor did not block the inhibitory action of androgens. The addition of androgen plus E2 to the granulosa cells had an additive effect on suppressing P4 secretion. The aim of this study was to determine the loci in the steroid biosynthetic pathway where androgens and E2 inhibit P4 production by the granulosa cells. Granulosa layers of the largest follicles removed from two or three hens 22 h before ovulation were pooled. Dispersed granulosa cells were incubated for 3 h in triplicate for each treatment, and pregnenolone (P5) and P4 secretion were measured in medium and cells. Experiments were replicated three or four times. Treatment of granulosa cells with cyanoketone (0–100 μM), an inhibitor of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, increased P5 production ...
Changes in bowel symptoms 1 year after rectocele repair

Objective We sought to evaluate changes in bowel symptoms after rectocele repair and identify risk factors for persistent symptoms. Study Design We conducted ancillary analysis of a randomized surgical trial for rectocele repair. Subjects underwent examinations and completed questionnaires for bowel symptoms at baseline and 12 months postoperatively. Outcomes included resolution, persistence, or de novo bowel symptoms. We used multiple logistic regression to identify risk factors for bowel symptom persistence. Results A total of 160 women enrolled: 139 had baseline bowel symptoms and 85% had 12-month data. The prevalence of bowel symptoms decreased after rectocele repair (56% vs 23% splinting, 74% vs 37% straining, 85% vs 19% incomplete evacuation, 66% vs 14% obstructive defecation; P Conclusion Bowel symptoms may improve after rectocele repair, but almost half of women will have persistent symptoms.
Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy Advanced Turbine Program for Coal Based Power Systems With Carbon Capture

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy Turbine Program is implementing a new research program to develop turbines for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems that capturer CO2. On September 8, 2005 the U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy announced a $130 million investment of government money in turbine related technology to promote the development of IGCC power systems that can capture CO2 and minimize the emissions of criteria pollutants. These funds will be matched at various levels by the industry partners. In part through this investment the FE Advanced Turbine Program is designed to attain three primary goals: 1) By 2010 develop advanced coal based power systems capable of 45–50% efficiency at < $1000 / kW, 2) By 2012, develop technologies for capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that result in less than 10 percent increase in the cost of electricity and 3) By 2015 demonstrate coal based energy plants that offer zero emissions (including CO2) w/ multi product production. The program has an additional primary objective to provide turbine based technology for the FutureGen Project. To attain these goals the program is organized into four areas: H2 fueled turbines for IGCC and FutureGen applications, Oxy-fuel turbines for IGCC and FutureGen applications; MW-scale H2 fueled turbines and CO2 compression technology. The paper will report on the program goals, status of these new projects and early progress towards these goals and objectives.© 2007 ASME
Patients with IgG subclass and/or selective antibody deficiency to polysaccharide antigens: Initiation of a controlled clinical trial of intravenous immune globulin

Abstract Selective IgG subclass deficiencies and/or selectively impaired antibody responses to bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigens have been increasingly reported. In this report, 13 children with recurrent infections and deficient antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens are described. Serum IgG2 subclass concentrations were normal in all the patients, and two children had low IgG3 levels. Mean serum antibody concentrations to the capsular polysaccharide antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilias influenzae were significantly decreased after immunizations, but antibody responses to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were normal. The identification of children with selective antibody deficiencies and recurrent infections has prompted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immune globulin therapy in these patients.
Coherent superposition of M-states in a single rovibrational level of H2 by Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage.

We prepare an ensemble of isolated rovibrationally excited (v = 1, J = 2) H2 molecules in a phase-locked superposition of magnetic sublevels M using Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage with linearly polarized single-mode pump (at 532 nm, ∼6 ns pulse duration, 200 mJ/pulse) and Stokes (699 nm, ∼4 ns pulse duration, 20 mJ/pulse) laser excitation. A biaxial superposition state, given by |ψ(t)⟩=1/(2)[|v=1,J=2,M=−2⟩−|v=1,J=2,M=+2⟩], is prepared with linearly but cross-polarized pump and Stokes laser pulses copropagating along the quantization z-axis. The degree of phase coherence is measured by using the O(2) line of the H2 E,F-X (0,1) band via 2 + 1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) at 210.8 nm by recording interference fringes in the REMPI signal in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer as the direction of the UV laser polarization is rotated using a half-wave plate. Nearly 60% population transfer from H2 (v = 0, J = 0) ground state to the superposition state in H2 (v = 1, J = 2) is measured f...
Chemical transformations in the quassinoid series: Construction of the C(8),C(11) bridged hemiketal ring system of chaparrinone and related quassinoids

Abstract A facile five-step sequence commencing with picrasane derivative 9 has been developed for elaboration of the sensitive ring C hemiketal unit of chaparrinone [cf pentacyclic alcohol 3].
International students' use of facebook vs. a home country site

Previous work on social network sites (SNSs) tends to examine use of a single site, such as Facebook. In this survey study, we examined international students' motivations for participation in Facebook versus a site (Renren or Cyworld) from their own country. We anticipated that use of Facebook would be driven by desires to expand bridging social capital, whereas use of the home country site would be driven primarily by the desire to maintain existing bonds. A survey of 335 Chinese and Korean students in the U.S. showed that contrary to our expectations, desires to develop both bridging and bonding social ties were associated with greater intensity of activity on Facebook and the home country site. Greater intentions to interact with people from their own home country were associated with greater interaction on the home country site. Both intensity of site use and number of friends were higher for Korean than Chinese respondents. We conclude with some thoughts as to how our findings might be used to help people manage social relationships across two different sites in different countries.
State-vector model for life shortening in mice after brief exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation

Abstract A model for radiation-induced life shortening caused by late effects is presented. The model is based on the concept that life shortening from late effects is caused mainly by tumors induced by the radiation. The model is kinetic in nature and describes a two-step process that leads to the bipartition of the irradiated population into two groups: (1) those with and (2) those without radiation-induced tumors which cause life shortening. For group (1) it is assumed that the mean survival time is relatively independent of the absorbed radiation dose. For group (2) it is assumed that the mean survival time will be nearly identical to that of an unirradiated control population. Results based on the model are shown to be consistent with presently available data including curvilinear dose- response relationships after single-dose exposure to 300-kVp x-rays, 1-MeV neutrons, or 60-MeV protons; an enhancement in dose effect after fractionated exposure to fission neutrons; and a dose-sparing effect after fractionated exposure to 60 Co gamma rays.
Volcanic rocks from the Bolivian Altiplano: Insights into crustal structure, contamination, and magma genesis in the central Andes

Lavas from Quaternary minor volcanic centers behind the Central Andean volcanic arc in Bolivia form a compositional continuum with rocks from the arc front, extending to more primitive compositions. The lavas show petrographic and geochemical evidence for deep crustal contamination during differentiation. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data from centers within 30 km of each other encompass the entire range found in the Central Volcanic zone of the Andes. The most mafic rocks are largely typical of arc magmas elsewhere, and may represent parental magmas to the porphyritic andesites and dacites erupted from stratovolcanoes along the arc to the west. Andean arc magmas therefore undergo considerable contamination during ascent through the thick crust. The only basalts lacking petrographic evidence for contamination are picrobasalts from Chiar Kkollu that form the most primitive end member of the compositional spectrum. These rocks resemble ocean-island basalts in some respects, indicating that variations in crustal contamination across the strike of the arc may be superimposed on variations in the mantle source composition.
Genome Sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum Subspecies Polymorphum — a Genetically Tractable Fusobacterium

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a prominent member of the oral microbiota and is a common cause of human infection. F. nucleatum includes five subspecies: polymorphum, nucleatum, vincentii, fusiforme, and animalis. F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum ATCC 10953 has been well characterized phenotypically and, in contrast to previously sequenced strains, is amenable to gene transfer. We sequenced and annotated the 2,429,698 bp genome of F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum ATCC 10953. Plasmid pFN3 from the strain was also sequenced and analyzed. When compared to the other two available fusobacterial genomes (F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, and F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii) 627 open reading frames unique to F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum ATCC 10953 were identified. A large percentage of these mapped within one of 28 regions or islands containing five or more genes. Seventeen percent of the clustered proteins that demonstrated similarity were most similar to proteins from the clostridia, with others being most similar to proteins from other gram-positive organisms such as Bacillus and Streptococcus. A ten kilobase region homologous to the Salmonella typhimurium propanediol utilization locus was identified, as was a prophage and integrated conjugal plasmid. The genome contains five composite ribozyme/transposons, similar to the CdISt IStrons described in Clostridium difficile. IStrons are not present in the other fusobacterial genomes. These findings indicate that F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum is proficient at horizontal gene transfer and that exchange with the Firmicutes, particularly the Clostridia, is common.
Analysis of spectrometric data and detection processes corroborate photons as diffractively evolving wave packets

In a previous paper, we have proposed that photons are diffractively evolving classical wave packet as a propagating undulation of the Complex Cosmic Tension Field (C2TF) after the excess energies are released by atomic or molecular dipoles as perturbations of the C2TF. The carrier frequency of the pulse exactly matches the quantum condition ΔEmn = hvmn and the temporal envelope function creates the Lorentzian broadening of the measured spectral lines. In this paper we present both semiclassical and QM theories of emission and compare the QM prescribed natural line width of emitted spectra and the Doppler free laser absorption spectra to further validate our photon model.
Radiation defect formation in Ge-doped silicon as a result of low-temperature irradiation

An investigation of the influence of germanium doping (⩽1 at. %) on the formation efficiency of the main secondary radiation defects in silicon under low-temperature (T⩽90 K) electron irradiation has been carried out. The significant decrease of the formation efficiency of A and V2 centers in Si〈Ge〉 is explained by assuming that the germanium atoms are indirect recombination centers of primary radiation defects (V and I) in Si〈Ge〉.
Application of high-resolution Raman spectroscopy to the study of superlattice acoustic phonons

Abstract High-resolution Raman spectroscopy of thick layer Si/Si 1− x Ge x superlattices has revealed the folded acoustic modes expected at frequencies below the Brillouin line, which is near 5 cm −1 in these structures. However, the measurements unexpectedly revealed much more-complicated fine structure, which is thought to arise from structural irregularities.
Gape limitation, prey size refuges and the top-down impacts of piscivorous largemouth bass in shallow pond ecosystems

Top–down control of phytoplankton biomass through piscivorous fish manipulation has been explored in numerous ecological and biomanipulation experiments. Piscivores are gape-limited predators and it is hypothesized that the distribution of gape sizes relative to distribution of body depths of prey fish may restrict piscivore effects cascading to plankton. We examined the top–down effects of piscivorous largemouth bass on nutrients, turbidity, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish in ponds containing fish assemblages with species representing a range of body sizes and feeding habits (western mosquitofish, bluegill, channel catfish, gizzard shad and common carp). The experimental design consisted of three replicated treatments: fishless ponds (NF), fish community without largemouth bass (FC), and fish community with largemouth bass (FCB). Turbidity, chlorophyll a, cyclopoid copepodid and copepod nauplii densities were significantly greater in FC and FCB ponds than in NF ponds. However, these response variables were not significantly different in FC and FCB ponds. The biomass and density of shallow-bodied western mosquitofish were reduced and bluegill body depths shifted toward larger size classes in the presence of largemouth bass, but the biomass and density of all other fish species and of the total fish community were unaffected by the presence of largemouth bass. Our results show that top–down impacts of largemouth bass in ecosystems containing small- and deep-bodied fish species may be most intense at the top of the food web and alter the size distribution and species composition of the fish community. However, these top–down effects may not cascade to the level of the plankton when large-bodied benthivorous fish species are abundant.
Virtual labs: E-learning for tomorrow.

Because of the explosive growth in our scientific understanding, today's students are required to learn and maintain a rapidly expanding knowledge base. Students are also expected to understand and follow the crossover of information between different disciplines. As a result, they often have to understand the fundamentals of several disciplines, and be able to integrate that knowledge.
Computer graphics animation of the Tellico Reservoir water temperature simulation

A color computer graphics animation movie was developed to illustrate simulated water temperatures in Tellico Reservoir. Movie depicts March through October of a typical annual cycle in five minutes of animation. A FORTRAN program used DISSPLA software and an Information International FR 80 graphic recorder to produce a 16 mm color, silent movie. Displayed data were taken from the results of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic computer model.
Using a reliability process to reduce uncertainty in predicting crashes at unsignalized intersections

The negative binomial (NB) model has been used extensively by traffic safety analysts as a crash prediction model, because it can accommodate the over-dispersion criterion usually exhibited in crash count data. However, the NB model is still a probabilistic model that may benefit from updating the parameters of the covariates to better predict crash frequencies at intersections. The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of updating the parameters of the covariates in the fitted NB model using a Bayesian updating reliability method to more accurately predict crash frequencies at 3-legged and 4-legged unsignalized intersections. For this purpose, data from 433 unsignalized intersections in Orange County, Florida were collected and used in the analysis. Four Bayesian-structure models were examined: (1) a non-informative prior with a log-gamma likelihood function, (2) a non-informative prior with an NB likelihood function, (3) an informative prior with an NB likelihood function, and (4) an informative prior with a log-gamma likelihood function. Standard measures of model effectiveness, such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC), mean absolute deviance (MAD), mean square prediction error (MSPE) and overall prediction accuracy, were used to compare the NB and Bayesian model predictions. Considering only the best estimates of the model parameters (ignoring uncertainty), both the NB and Bayesian models yielded favorable results. However, when considering the standard errors for the fitted parameters as a surrogate measure for measuring uncertainty, the Bayesian methods yielded more promising results. The full Bayesian updating framework using the log-gamma likelihood function for updating parameter estimates of the NB probabilistic models resulted in the least standard error values.
A model for elastic precursor waves in the shock loading of polycrystalline metals

Abstract When materials are shock loaded in a certain range of pressures, the shock wave is preceded by an elastic wave. This elastic precursor wave can undergo relaxation and changes in amplitude and rise time as it traverses the material. Both the wave attenuation and relaxation have been interpreted in the past in terms of dislocation dynamics. This study addresses itself to the wave rise times. The different rise times reported in the literature are reviewed and some trends are identified, namely, that (a) single crystals have usually shorter rise times than polycrystals, (b) rise times increase with transit distance, and (c) in polycrystalline metals rise times are affected by grain size and texture. A model for the rise times of elastic waves in polycrystalline metals is developed. It incorporates the following parameters: anisotropy of wave velocity, scattering by grain boundaries, mode conversion and deflection due to anisotropy of adjacent grains, dislocation effects, and intrinsic wave rise time. The results predicted by the model are compared to experimental results by Jones and Holland [26] for three different grain sizes and good agreement is found. Also, the model is consistent with other results reported in the literature.
Technique for insertion of the superior loop of the Shearing-style posterior chamber lens

Summary An angulated lens guide and iris hook are described for inserting the superior loop of a Shearing-style lens implant.
Molecular atherectomy for restenosis.

Receptors for basic (b) and acidic (a) fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are upregulated in activated smooth muscle cells. These cells, which proliferate in response to bFGF, can thus be killed by a conjugate of bFGF and the ribosome-inactivating enzyme, saporin (which, by itself, does not enter the cells). Quiescent smooth muscle cells and other cells that have few FGF receptors are not killed. In vivo, bFGF-saporin transiently inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal accumulation after balloon injury to the rat carotid artery. Delivery of saporin, diagnostic imaging agents, or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides might be made even more selective by linking these substances to antibodies against the extracellular domains of the putative FGF receptor isoform specific for activated smooth muscle cells.
Ameloblastoma of maxilla and mandible

Results of various treatment modalities in 72 patients with ameloblastoma of mandible and 20 patients with ameloblastoma of maxilla are analyzed. Controversial methods of treatment are discussed to arrive at a semblance of rational management. It was found that: 1. Curettage was followed by local recurrence in 90% of mandibular and all maxillary ameloblastomas; 2. Subsequent resection could control 80% of mandibular but only a fraction of maxillary recurrences; 3. Marginal resection, in a few selected cases, might control primary cases of mandibular ameloblastoma but is not a useful procedure for recurrent mandibular ameloblastoma; 4. External radiation therapy was ineffective in controlling ameloblastoma but did not seem to adversely affect prognosis even after subsequent resection; and 5. Distant metastases, although rare, occurred in 7 patients.
The juvenile hormone—I. Methods of purification and isolation

Methods for the purification and isolation of juvenile hormone from Hyalophora cecropia are described. Ether extraction, low temperature precipitation, thin layer chromatography, and gas liquid chromatography were utilized. JH activity was followed by means of the Tenebrio bioassay. An apparent gain in activity of approximately five-fold was obtained during the course of purification. This was interpreted to be largely the result of a loss of inhibitors during the low temperature precipitation procedure. The final active material, indicated to be a single compound by preliminary gas liquid chromatographic analysis, represented 0·0045–0·0051 per cent of the crude oil used as starting material. The juvenile hormone activity was increased from 25 Tenebrio Units per μl for the crude oil to ⋍2·6×106Tenebrio Units per μl for the final active substance. This represents an approximate 1·05×105-fold purification.
Rederivation of the Saturation Range in the Frequency Spectrum of Wind-Generated Gravity Waves

Abstract The saturation range in the frequency spectrum of wind-generated waves is rederived. Laboratory and theoretical work show that wave breaking is the result of kinematic instability, suggesting that wave celerity is the governing parameter in the saturation range. Using similarity arguments, a general formulation is rederived giving the wave profile spectrum Sη(ω) ∝ ω−5 in deep water as derived by Phillips and Sη(ω) ∝ ω−3 in shallow water. The velocity spectrum in the saturation range is derived using linear wave theory as a spectral transfer function. In both deep and shallow water the horizontal velocity spectrum Su(ω) ∝ ω−3. Wave and velocity measurements made in deep and shallow water are presented showing agreement with theory.
El mundo al revés: una lectura carnavalesca de Fortunata y Jacinta

En este articulo se ofrece una lectura carnavalesca de Fortunata y Jacinta (1887) que quiere dar cuenta de la percepcion galdosiana de un mundo al reves. Si bien la diatriba del autor canario contr...
Outer membrane proteins induced upon iron deprivation of Paracoccus denitrificans

Abstract Deprivation of two strains of Paracoccus denitrificans of iron elicited substantial siderophore production, and the associated cell envelope protein changes were examined. In strain DSM 413 four new outer membrane proteins in the M r range 84000 to 76000 were induced, and an M r 23000 protein disappeared, upon iron deprivation. In strain DSM 65 three new outer membrane proteins in the M r range 81000 to 76000 were induced.
Photophysics of Nanometer Sized Metal Particles: Electron−Phonon Coupling and Coherent Excitation of Breathing Vibrational Modes

The wide variety of applications of metal nanoparticles has motivated many studies of their properties. Some important practical issues are how the size, composition and structure of these materials affect their catalytic and optical properties. In this article we review our recent work on the photophysics of metal nanoparticles. The systems that have been investigated include Au particles with sizes ranging from 2 nm diameter (several hundred atoms) to 120 nm diameter, and bimetallic core−shell particles composed of Au, Ag, Pt and/or Pb. These particles, which have a rather narrow size distribution, are prepared by radiolytic techniques. By performing time-resolved laser measurements we have been able to investigate the coupling between the electrons and phonons in the particles, and their low frequency “breathing” modes. These experiments show that for Au the time scale for electron−phonon coupling does not depend on size, in contrast to metals such as Ga and Ag. On the other hand, the frequency of the ...
Photochemistry of the atmosphere of Titan: comparison between model and observations.

The photochemistry of simple molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in the atmosphere of Titan has been investigated using updated chemical schemes and our own estimates of a number of key rate coefficients. Proper exospheric boundary conditions, vertical transport, and condensation processes at the tropopause have been incorporated into the model. It is argued that the composition, climatology, and evolution of Titan's atmosphere are controlled by five major processes: (a) photolysis and photosensitized dissociation of CH_4 ; (b) conversion of H to H_2 and escape of hydrogen; (c) synthesis of higher hydrocarbons; (d) coupling between nitrogen and hydrocarbons; (e) coupling between oxygen and hydrocarbons. Starting with N_2, CH_4, and H_20, and invoking interactions with ultraviolet sunlight, energetic electrons, and cosmic rays, the model satisfactorily accounts for the concentrations of minor species observed by the Voyager IRIS and UVS instruments. Photochemistry is responsible for converting the simpler atmospheric species into more complex organic compounds, which are subsequently condensed at the tropopause and deposited on the surface. Titan might have lost 5.6 × 10^4 , 1.8 × 10^3, and 4.0 g cm^-2 , or the equivalent of 8,0.25, and 5 × 10^-4 bars of CH_4, N_2 , and CO, respectively, over geologic time. Implications of abiotic organic synthesis on Titan for the origin of life on Earth are briefly discussed.
Lead inhibits the rat N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channel by binding to a site distinct from the zinc allosteric site.

Abstract Due to the importance of the NMDA receptor in cognitive function and in models of synaptic plasticity, the effect of Pb+2 on this receptor has been one focus of attempts to define the bases of Pb-induced cognitive impairments seen in young children. The following study was performed to identify the effects on access to the NMDA receptor channel of acute exposure to free Pb+2in vitro. Cerebrocortical membranes were prepared from adult male Sprague–Dawley rats, and binding was measured in 50 mM Tris–acetate with 3H-MK-801 in the presence of saturating concentrations of glutamate and glycine. The potency of Pb+2 to inhibit access to the receptor channel (IC50 = 0.55 μM) was greater than that of Zn+2 (IC50 = 1.30 μM). Dissociation of MK-801 from its binding site exhibited two-component kinetics, and both rate constants were significantly slowed in the presence of Pb+2 or Zn+2. To directly address the question of whether Pb+2 inhibited the receptor channel by binding to the Zn+2 modulatory site, changes in inhibitory potency for the receptor channel were measured when both metals were present. The results demonstrate that multiple levels of Pb+2 produce a concentration-dependent downward shift of the Zn+2 inhibition curve, indicating a noncompetitive inhibition of MK-801 binding by Pb+2 with respect to that of Zn+2. Moreover, Zn+2 IC50 values significantly decreased as a function of increasing Pb+2 concentrations. Analogous results were obtained when Pb+2 inhibition curves were determined in the presence of multiple levels of Zn+2. These findings indicate that the inhibitory properties of free Pb+2 and Zn+2 on the NMDA receptor channel are similar in nature but are exerted via independent allosteric binding sites.
Effect of cancer chemopreventive agents on microsome-mediated DNA adduction of the breast carcinogen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene.

Abstract Due to the large and expanding number of potential cancer chemopreventive agents, there is an increasing need for short term tests to study the efficacy and mechanisms of these agents. In this study, we have employed a microsome-mediated test system to study the effect of several suspected chemopreventive agents on the DNA adduct formation capacity of the potent mammary carcinogen, dibenzo[ a,l ]pyrene (DBP). Bioactivation of DBP by Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver microsomes in the presence of calf thymus DNA (300 μ g/ml) resulted in the formation of one major and six other prominent DNA adducts (324 adducts/10 7 nucleotides). These adducts were previously determined to be deoxyadenosine (dA) and deoxyanosine (dG)-derivatives of both anti - and syn -DBP-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxides (DBPDE). Intervention with ellagic acid, chlorophyllin, benzyl isocyanate (BIC), oltipraz or genistein (150 μ M) strongly diminished DBP–DNA adduction by ≥75%. Linoleic acid, curcumin and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) also significantly inhibited DBP–DNA adduction (26–46%) while N -acetylcysteine (NAC) had no effect. Moreover, nonenzymatic studies with anti - and syn -DBPDE isomers revealed that chlorophyllin, ellagic acid, BIC and BHT may be inhibiting DBP–DNA adduction in an enzymatic-independent manner since these agents diminished DBPDE–DNA adduction by 30–75%. Genistein, oltipraz and curcumin did not diminish DBPDE–DNA adduction and therefore most likely require the presence of the microsomal subcellular fraction to inhibit DBP–DNA adduction.
Touch receptor development and function in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mutations causing a touch-insensitive phenotype in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been the basis of studies on the specification of neuronal cell fate, inherited neurodegeneration, and the molecular nature of mechanosensory transduction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Purification and properties of l-lysine-α-ketoglutarate reductase from human placenta

Abstract l -Lysine-α-ketoglutarate reductase has been extensively purified from human placenta. The enzyme is active in the formation of saccharopine from l -lysine and α-ketoglutarate and possesses a stringent substrate specificity. Steady-state product inhibition studies indicate the possibility of either of two basic reaction mechanisms. The first is an ordered reaction mechanism in which α-ketoglutarate, l -lysine, and NADPH bind to the enzyme followed by the release of NADP and saccharopine. The second mechanism involves an initial binding of NADPH. This is followed by either the ordered addition of α-ketoglutarate and l -lysine with the occurrence of an E -NADPH-saccharopine dead-end complex or by the random addition of α-ketoglutarate and l -lysine with the formation of an E -NADPH-sac-charopine- l -lysine dead-end complex. No inhibition of the forward reaction or stimulation of the reverse reaction by the addition of ammonium sulfate was found; other investigators, working with other mammalian tissue have reported such effects. A molecular weight estimate of 480,000 for both l -lysine-α-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase was obtained on gel filtration. No indication of separation of the two activites was obtained throughout the purification procedure, and the presence of detergents had no effect on the sedimentation rate in the ultracentrifuge or on the migration rate in gel filtration.
Combined Targeting of PDK1 and EGFR Triggers Regression of Glioblastoma by Reversing the Warburg Effect

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) is recognized as a widespread oncogenic signature in glioblastoma multiforme, but the complexity of its contributions is not fully understood, nor the most effective ways to leverage anti-EGFR therapy in this setting. Hypoxia is known to drive the aggressive character of glioblastoma multiforme by promoting aerobic glycolysis rather than pyruvate oxidation carried out in mitochondria (OXPHOS), a phenomenon termed the Warburg effect, which is a general feature of oncogenesis. In this study, we report that hypoxia drives expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1) and EGFR along with the hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF)-1α in human glioblastoma multiforme cells. PDK1 is a HIF-1–regulated gene and our findings indicated that hypoxia-induced PDK1 expression may promote EGFR activation, initiating a feed-forward loop that can sustain malignant progression. RNAi-mediated attenuation of PDK1 and EGFR lowered PDK1-EGFR activation and decreased HIF-1α expression, shifting the Warburg phenotype to OXPHOS and inhibiting glioblastoma multiforme growth and proliferation. In clinical specimens of glioblastoma multiforme, we found that immunohistochemical expression of PDK1, EGFR, and HIF-1α were elevated in glioblastoma multiforme specimens when compared with normal brain tissues. Collectively, our studies establish PDK1 as a key driver and candidate therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res; 73(24); 7277–89. ©2013 AACR .
An alternative analytical reduction scheme in the time‐domain layered finite element reduction recovery method for high‐frequency IC design

An alternative analytical reduction scheme was proposed in the time-domain layered finite element reduction recovery (LAFE-RR) method for the analysis of high-frequency integrated circuits. This alternative reduction scheme permits the use of general absorbing boundary conditions in the framework of a time-domain LAFE-RR method. In addition, it allows for an application of the LAFE-RR method to circuit problems in which the system matrices in multiple regions need to be reduced separately. Numerical and experimental results are given to demonstrate its validity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2337–2341, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23630