cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the Natural History of the Arboreal Harvestman Cynorta marginalis (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) Inhabiting a Costa Rican Forest

Relatively little is known about the natural history of the cosmetid harvestmen that inhabit the forests of Central America. The primary objective of this study was to investigate habitat use among adult Cynorta marginalis. In the field, we established 15 transects (40 m in length) and sampled them repeatedly in the morning (0830–1100 h) and evening (1800–2300 h). During 45 morning and 35 evening surveys, we captured and marked 146 males and 112 females. Only three individuals (all females) were recaptured over the course of the study, indicating that the population size at this field site was relatively large. Heavy rains significantly reduced the surface activity of adults (1.1 individuals per transect during heavy rain vs. 3.7 individuals per transect during light or no rain). Harvestmen most commonly used leaves (65% of captures) or tree trunks (31%) as perches, and rarely occupied branches or the leaf litter. Only 18 adults were observed with leg injuries, with two individuals having damage to multiple legs. Perch height was significantly lower during the evening (110.9 cm at night vs. 155.1 cm during the day). Adults were most commonly found alone (85%), however, we observed several harvestmen in male-female pairs (8%), same sex pairs (4%) and heterosexual groups (3%). Although we did not observe reproductive or aggressive behaviors in the field, we observed intraspecific interactions under laboratory conditions and found that some individuals (15%) engaged in courtship suggesting that the sharing of perches by male-female pairs may be related to reproductive activity.
Reduced Incision Surgical Fixation of Diaphyseal Forearm Fractures in Adults through a Minimally Invasive Volar Approach

Abstract Purpose The study aimed to describe and evaluate the minimally invasive volar approach to the forearm for open reduction and internal fixation of diaphyseal radius fractures. Methods This is a matched case-control study involving patients with diaphyseal forearm fractures operated by one orthopaedic surgeon over 2 years. Cases underwent a minimally invasive volar approach, whereas controls underwent a standard Henry’s approach. In total, 17 cases and 17 controls were studied based on patient demographics, injury patterns, and surgical outcomes. Results The duration of surgery was significantly shorter for cases than for controls in combined radius and ulna fracture fixation (58.8 minutes vs. 84 minutes; p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in operative time for isolated radius fractures, hospitalisation duration, and time to return to work. No malalignment or complications were observed. Conclusion The minimally invasive volar approach to the forearm is as safe and efficacious as traditional approaches in the fixation of diaphyseal radius fractures.
Phylogenetic Paleoecology: Tree-Thinking and Ecology in Deep Time

The new and emerging field of phylogenetic paleoecology leverages the evolutionary relationships among species to explain temporal and spatial changes in species diversity, abundance, and distribution in deep time. This field is poised for rapid progress as knowledge of the evolutionary relationships among fossil species continues to expand. In particular, this approach will lend new insights to many of the longstanding questions in evolutionary biology, such as: the relationships among character change, ecology, and evolutionary rates; the processes that determine the evolutionary relationships among species within communities and along environmental gradients; and the phylogenetic signal underlying ecological selectivity in background and mass extinctions and in major evolutionary radiations.
A direct DC bus voltage regulation of the variable voltage converter in the electric traction drive system

Electrification of vehicles has been gaining a transition in recent years since new fuel-economy and CO 2 regulation standards became technical challenges. For HEVs and Plug-In HEVs, the electric traction drive system, which includes a motor drive, a generator drive, and a variable voltage converter (VVC), is an essential part. The existing control for the VVC has intrinsic performance limitations associated with the DC bus voltage control. If the converter output power suddenly changes significantly and the DC bus voltage becomes lower than an input voltage, the system becomes unstable causing a voltage oscillation. In this paper, a new DC bus voltage control strategy based on a direct output voltage control using the capacitor current, is proposed based on an interleaved bi-directional DC-DC converter.
Two-item PROMIS® global physical and mental health scales

Self-reports of health provide useful information about function and well-being that can improve communication between patients and clinicians. Global health items provide summary information that are predictive of health care utilization and mortality. There is a need for parsimonious global health scales for use in large sample surveys. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of brief measures of global physical health and mental health in the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS®) project. A total of 21,133 persons included in the PROMIS development sample: 52% female; 82% White, 9% Black, 9% Hispanic; median age of 50 years. We identified two global physical health items (GPH-2) and two global mental health items (GMH-2) with highest discrimination parameters and compared their reliabilities and construct validity to that of the original 4-item scales (GPH-4 and GMH-4) and a single global health item (Global01). Internal consistency reliability was 0.73 for the GPH-2 (versus 0.81 for the GPH-4) and 0.81 for the GMH-2 (versus 0.86 for the GMH-4). Marginal reliabilities were 0.55 for Global01, 0.70 for GPH-2, 0.79 for GPH-4, 0.80 for GMH-2, and 0.86 for GMH-4. The product-moment correlation between the GPH-2 and GPH-4 was 0.94 and between GMH-2 and GMH-4 was 0.97. The 2-item and 4-item versions of the scales had similar correlations with PROMIS domain scores, the EQ-5D-3L and comorbidities, but the 4-item scales were more strongly correlated with these measures. Adding a single item to a large cross-sectional population survey can cost as much as $100,000. The 2-item variants of the PROMIS global health scales reduce the cost of use on national surveys by 50%, a substantial cost savings. These briefer scales are also more practical for use in clinical practice. The 2-item versions of the PROMIS global health scales display adequate reliability for group comparisons and their associations with other indicators of health are similar to that of the original 4-item scales. The briefer scales are psychometrically sound and reduce burden of survey administration.
Association of Socioeconomic and Geographic Factors With Google Trends for Tanning and Sunscreen.

BACKGROUND Internet search trends are used to track both infectious diseases and noncommunicable conditions. OBJECTIVE The authors sought to characterize Google Trends search volume index (SVI) for the terms "sunscreen" and tanning ("tanning salon" and "tanning bed") in the United States from 2010 to 2015 and analyze association with educational attainment, average income, and percent white data by state. METHODS SVI is search frequency data relative to total search volume. Analysis of variance, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to assess seasonal variations in SVI and the association of state-level SVI with state latitudes and census data. RESULTS Hawaii had the highest SVI for sunscreen searches, whereas Alaska had the lowest. West Virginia had the highest SVI for tanning searches, whereas Hawaii had the lowest. There were significant differences between seasonal SVI for sunscreen and tanning searches (p < .001). Sunscreen SVI by state was correlated with an increase in educational attainment and average income, and a decrease in latitude (p < .05) in a multivariate model. Tanning SVI was correlated with a decrease in educational attainment and average income, and an increase in latitude (p < .05). CONCLUSION Internet search trends for sunscreen and tanning are influenced by socioeconomic factors, and could be a tool for skin-related public health.
Religions in the Middle East- Christian Arabs from Lebanon

RELIGIOES NO ORIENTE MEDIO - ARABES CRISTAOS DO LIBANO Resumo: rompendo com estereotipos acerca da cultura e das manifestacoes religiosas do Oriente Medio, esse artigo demonstra a pluralidade ali existente. Aborda-se as trocas identitarias e os conflitos provocados justamente devido a tais diferentes formas de crer e de viver o sagrado. Uma enfase especial e dada na caracterizacao dos cristianismos organizados naquela regiao. Palavras-chave: Religioes. Crencas. Pluralismo. Oriente Medio. Abstract: stereotypes about the culture and the religious manifestations of the Middle East need braked. This article demonstrates the plurality existing in there. Deals with the exchange of identity and conflicts caused precisely due to such different ways of believing and to express the sacred. A special emphasis was given on characterization of organized Christianity instituitions in region. Keywords: Religions. Beliefs. Pluralism. Middle East.
Marginal Propensity to Consume in Hungary: The long-term versus Short-term Challenges to Policy Makers

This study uses Hungarian quarterly data from the International Monetary Fund to estimate a distributed lag model whose coefficients allow derivation of the short-run and long-run marginal propensities to consume. MPCs are main factors determining the consumption, investment, government spending, and export and import multipliers of the economy. Hungary's economy has stagnated and its policy makers are exploring new ways to manage its economy. Our model reveals that the numerical value of Hungarian short-run marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.4081181655 and the long-run MPC is 0.9458619. These results are consistent with the corresponding figures in emerging and advanced economies. These derived MPCs suggest that Hungarian economic policy makers should use fiscal instruments to bring these macroeconomic variables back to their long-term trend effectively
Operational Risk Management: Preventive vs. Corrective Control

In this paper, we propose a general modeling framework for operational risk management of financial firms. We consider operational risk events as shocks to a financial firm's value process, and then study capital investments in preventive and corrective controls to mitigate risk losses. The optimal decisions would be made under three scenarios: (i) preventive control only, (ii) corrective control only, and (iii) joint controls. We characterize the optimal control policies under a general modeling framework under these three scenarios, and then discuss an exponential risk reduction function. We conclude our work with an implementation of our model to a data set from a commercial bank. We find that through a proper investment strategy, we can achieve a significant performance improvement, especially when the risk severity level is high. At the bank we analyze, we find that within a certain range of the frequency reduction efficiency we can achieve up to 2.5% improvement in the expected bank revenue; within a proper range of risk severity reduction efficiency, we can achieve an improvement of up to 1.5%. In general, our modeling framework, which combines a typical operational risk process with stochastic control, may suggest a new research direction in operations management and operational risk management.
Analyticity, Uniform Averaging and K-Theory

Let (A, R, α) be a C*-dynamical systerr, let H∞(α) be the subalgebra of A consisting of those a in A such that the Arveson spectrum of a is contained in [0, ∞), and let Aα be the fixed point subalgebra of A. In this note we investigate conditions for the existence of an R-invariant conditional expectation from A onto Aα and we show that when such an expectation exists, then the K-theory of H∞(α) is isomorphic to that of Aα. We show by example that if no such expectation exists, then the K-theories may be different.
Multi-layer Queuing Model to Check Automated Air Traffic Control Systems

Optimum performance of an automated air traffic control (ATC) system requires it to learn and modify itself to improve performance by practicing tasks over and over, solving problems, creating new terms and concepts, catching and exploiting explanations as a human air traffic controller would. Additionally, the system must check itself for errors, inconsistencies, unstable searching, identification of responsibility for decisions, and default reasoning. The multi-layer queuing model is a logic based problem solver to integrate an expert system, truth maintenance system, and queue model, to ensure efficient learning and checking are performed on-line in automated air traffic control systems. Many classes of parallel distributed processing models (also called neural network models) have been developed to address the learning issue. Expert systems have been used to organize knowledge, use rule-based and object-oriented reasoning models, and diagnose (or even execute) recommended repair plans to address problems where knowledge can be partitioned or organized with rules. Truth maintenance systems have been developed to perform indirect proofs, diagnosis, dependency-directed backtracking, dependency-directed searches, etc. to detect contradictions in conjunction with results from an expert system. The queue model and truth maintenance systems perform independently after calculations have been performed.
Communicating with the Alzheimer's Resident

Abstract Optimal quality of care for long term residents, especially those suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been linked to meaningful and rewarding communication with staff care givers. However, the precise methods of effective, supportive communication used by care providers of persons with AD have not been identified. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate caregivers' perceptions of communication used in dementia-specific community residential facilities. Eight care providers were interviewed and asked a series of in-depth, semistructured questions regarding their communication experiences with AD residents. Employing features of grounded theory methodology, all interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were coded using an open-coding technique followed by selective coding processes. Results merged into two core categories: (1) Compliance Gaining Strategies and (2) Learning the Language. Results indicated that care providers used several commu...
3D airway model to assess airway dead space

High flow therapy works partly by washout of airway dead space, the volume of which has not been quantified in newborns. This observational study aimed to quantify airway dead space in infants and to compare efficacy of washout between high flow devices in three-dimensional (3D) printed airway models of infants weighing 2.5–3.8 kg. Nasopharyngeal airway dead space volume was 1.5–2.0 mL/kg in newborns. A single cannula device produced lower carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels than a dual cannula device (33.7, 31.2, 23.1, 15.9, 10.9 and 6.3 mm Hg vs 36.8, 35.5, 32.1, 26.8, 23.1 and 18.8 mm Hg at flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 L/min, respectively; p Relative nasopharyngeal airway dead space volume is increased in newborns. In 3D-printed airway models, a single cannula high flow device produces improved CO 2 washout with lower airway pressure.
Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Aesthetics and Functionality Preferences for Online Tobacco Education

As cigarette use rates decline among adolescents and young adults, public health officials face new challenges with high use of non-cigarette tobacco products (NCTPs). Online tobacco education is a potential solution to discourage use, yet limited information is available for how online media should look and function. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting focus group interviews to identify adolescents and young adults' aesthetic and functionality preferences for online tobacco education (phase 1) followed by interviews to assess a NCTP education website developed (phase 2). We found preferences for use of font and colors to highlight tobacco information in organized designs. Interactive features (quizzes) motivated engagement, and participants desired responsive designs that function similarly across devices. Public health researchers and educators should apply aesthetic and functionality preferences to reduce NCTP use and help create a tobacco-free future for youth.
Prolonged delayed vasospasm in the setting of nonaneurysmal intraventricular hemorrhage.

Background Though still thought to be rare, in recent years, vasospasm as a result of primary intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been increasingly recognized in patients with spontaneous primary intraventricular hemorrhage, of various etiologies. Unlike vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which has a well-defined time frame of 3-21 days, such a window is poorly defined for primary spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage from other vascular etiologies. Case Description We report on two cases of prolonged delayed proximal intracranial cerebral vasospasm occurring 29 and 22 days after the initial presentation. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of such delayed vasospasm in spontaneous primary intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to a dural arteriovenous fistula and cavernous malformation. Our two cases of vasospasm in patients with nontraumatic nonaneurysmal SAH with IVH presented outside the expected time period of 21 days. It is important to recognize that symptomatic vasospasm secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage is a rare but devastating complication that can have serious deleterious consequences if gone unrecognized and untreated.
Plenary Lecture: Sensory control of energy density at different life stages

Taste preferences, food choices and eating habits all change with age. The transition from childhood to adolescence and adult life is associated with reduced sweet taste preferences, lower sugars consumption and reduced energy density of the diet. Ageing is associated with elevated acceptance of bitter tastes, elevated preferences for vegetables and salad greens, and increased consumption of whole grains, vegetables and fruit. The age-associated drop in energy intakes is achieved through a reduction in the weight and volume of food consumed, as well as a reduction in the overall energy density of the diet. Energy density drops from a peak of 5 kJ (1.2 kcal)/g in adolescence and early adult life to a low of 3.1 kJ (0.75 kcal)/g for adult women aged 45–54 years. Older adults, particularly women, consume less fat and saturated fat and more fibre and vitamin C, suggesting a shift in consumption from snacks, sweets and desserts towards grains, vegetables and fruit. These changes in food preferences and eating habits are associated, on a population level, with a decline in preferences for sweet taste and with increased acceptance of bitter tastes. At present there are no data to show a causal relationship between age-related changes in sensory function and the selection of a more bulky energy-dilute diet. However, it is a plausible hypothesis that sensory factors mediate adjustments in energy density of foods at different life stages.
Comprehensive model for X-ray-induced damage in protein crystallography

Acquisition of X-ray crystallographic data is always accompanied by structural degradation owing to the absorption of energy. The application of high-fluency X-ray sources to large biomolecules has increased the importance of finding ways to curtail the onset of X-ray-induced damage. A significant effort has been under way with the aim of identifying strategies for protecting protein structure. A comprehensive model is presented that has the potential to explain, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the structural changes induced in crystalline protein at ∼100 K. The first step is to consider the qualitative question: what are the radiation-induced intermediates and expected end products? The aim of this paper is to assist in optimizing these strategies through a fundamental understanding of radiation physics and chemistry, with additional insight provided by theoretical calculations performed on the many schemes presented.
Plasma-Wave Propagation in GaN and Its Applications

Electron plasma waves are oscillations of electron density in space and time. They have attracted significant attention for the development of terahertz detectors and sources. Electron plasma waves are generated when electrons in the channel of a transistor are not able to follow high-frequency oscillations and lag behind. This introduces a delay or phase shift manifested as an inductive behavior, the so-called kinetic inductance. This electron inertia is essential for the propagation of 2D plasmonic waves. In this chapter, we discuss the physical origin of these plasma waves and describe the latest experimental results reported in GaN-based devices. In addition, we outline the prospective applications in the context of a terahertz power amplifiers. We conclude with an outlook of the future directions in this emerging field.
Field of View and Forward Motion Discrimination in Virtual Reality

There has long been interest in illusions of self-motion and their perception in virtual environments. Prior work has indicated that an observer's field of view size is an important factor in the perception of self-motion both real and illusory. Restricted fields of view in some virtual reality displays has limited the extent to which this can be studied. In this paper, we discuss a pilot study examining how well observers can discriminate forward motion velocities as viewed through two common, but differing, field of view configurations. We find that observers are quite sensitive to changes in forward motion. The perceived magnitude of this motion is also found to be affected by field of view size with a smaller field of view resulting in slower perceived velocity.
Resuscitation before cord clamping: the maternal experience

We recently established the feasibility of intubation and initiating ventilation prior to umbilical cord clamping (UCC) for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The objective of the present study was to assess the maternal experience of this approach. This was a mixed-methods ancillary study of a pilot feasibility single-arm trial of intubation and ventilation prior to UCC among neonates with CDH.1 A multiple choice questionnaire was administered to mothers within 1 month after delivery. Mothers were invited to participate in an open-ended interview. Survey questions were adapted from a study of parental experiences of resuscitation before UCC in preterm neonates.2 Interview transcripts were imported into ATLAS.ti V.7 and analysed using coding and analytical memos by …
Experimental studies on the role of alkyl lysophospholipids in autologous bone marrow transplatation

The selective cytocidal effect of alkyl lysophospholipids against neoplastic cells while sparing normal cells make these ideal candidates for purging leukemic cells from bone marrows obtained during remission. To test the feasibility of such an approach, a murine model and an in vitro human cell model were developed. In the murine system a mixture of normal bone marrow cells and WEHI IIIB myelomonocytic leukemic cells was incubated with varying doses of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-Me) for 24 hr before being injected into tail veins of lethally irradiated Balb/c mice. At doses of 20 and 100 μg/ml, long-term survivors were noted. The additional steps of freezing and thawing following incubation resulted in significantly longer survival with doses of 10 to 50 μg/ml, but were toxic to marrow stem cells at 100 μg/ml. In the in vitro model, normal marrow progenitor cells and leukemic cells (the promyelocytic cell line HL60) were exposed to varying concentrations of ET-Me for 1 and 4 hr alone or mixed, and clonogenicity was assayed by colony formation in semisolid medium during 7–14 days’ incubation. At doses up to 100 μg/ml exposed for 4 hr normal progenitor cells were spared and HL60 colonies eliminated. Other phospholipids analogues were less effective in eliminating leukemic cells, but spared normal progenitor cells. A survey of fresh leukemic cells found varying degrees of sensitivity to ET-Me, indicating the need for testing a variety of compounds. These studies clearly indicated the potential usefulness of alkyl lysophospholipid compounds in selectively purging leukemic cells from remission marrows for autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Late Growth and Changes in Body Composition Influence Odds of Developing Retinopathy of Prematurity among Preterm Infants.

Background: While postnatal growth in the first month of life is known to impact retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) risk, the impact of growth later in hospitalization, during critical times of retinal vascularization, remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess if postnatal growth and body composition during the second half of neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization were associated with severity of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight preterm infants. Methods: Prospective observational pilot study of 83 infants born <32 weeks gestation and <1500 g, conducted at a Level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Body composition was measured during the second half of hospitalization. Infants were evaluated for retinopathy of prematurity. Logistic regression was performed. Results: Greater gains in fat mass, fat-free mass, and percent body fat from 32 to 37 weeks postmenstrual age and higher % body fat at term postmenstrual age were associated with decreased odds of ≥stage 2 retinopathy of prematurity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Improved growth later in neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization and increased adiposity at term may reduce odds of severe retinopathy of prematurity.
AN ECOFEMINIST READING OF ANITA DESAI’S FIRE ON THE MOUNTAIN

Ecofeminism is a term that links feminism with ecology. This paper tries to outline the fact that the capitalistic society has led to a conflict between nature and culture. This also makes it clear that the exploitation of nature and the oppression of women are closely linked with notions of class, caste, race, colonialism and social rules. Anita Desai, in Fire on the Mountain emphasis ecoconsciousness by depicting a serene landscape. She also takes the reader through a maze of human actions, diverse nature of the mountain, the ecological natural processes in the mountain milieu, excessive population disturbing the peace ,man-made dangers exploiting nature; and therefore aims at showing an integral relationship between man and nature. The novel certainly recalls the fact that mother earth suffers just like women living on her, exploited, discriminated, humiliated, raped, disowned, discarded and let to die.
Pilot evaluation of the stop, breathe & think mindfulness app for student clients on a college counseling center waitlist.

Objectives: College counseling centers face significant challenges meeting the mental health needs of their students and waitlists are common. Mobile apps offer a promising solution to increase access to resources while students wait for services. Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a publicly available mindfulness app. Students on a counseling center waitlist (n = 23) were randomized to use the app or not, with assessments completed over four weeks. Results: Recruitment over three semesters was slow, leading to an underpowered trial. Participants reported high satisfaction and moderate app usage. Very preliminary support was found for potential app efficacy relative to the control condition, particularly for depression, anxiety, and overall distress. Weaker, mixed effects were found for mindfulness and values processes. Conclusions: Overall, these results provide mixed findings suggesting the potential benefits, but also challenges in using a mindfulness app for students waiting to receive counseling services.
Methodological quality of oncology noninferiority clinical trials.

Abstract Introduction Noninferiority trials can show that new treatments with slightly less efficacy are safer, cheaper, or easier to administer. However, the conclusions of noninferiority trials depend on robust methodology. Methods We conducted a 6 year cross-sectional investigation of the methodological quality of oncology noninferiority trials published in the top 10 oncology journals. Four key quality criteria were investigated. Results Nonefficacy benefits of the new treatment were stated in 88/110 (80.0 %) trials. Justification for the noninferiority margin was provided in 79/110 (71.8 %) trials. Authors most often used previous data as justification for the chosen margin (n = 42). In 15 noninferiority trials the percent preserved effect could be calculated and the median effect preserved was 56.8 %. Conclusions The oncology noninferiority trials included in our study had key methodological shortcomings, counterbalanced by a clear delineation of expected nonefficacy benefits of the new treatment.
Innocence in the shadow of COVID-19: Plea decision making during a pandemic.

Over 95% of criminal convictions in the United States are the result of guilty pleas. Consequently, it is critical that we ensure the process of pleading guilty is as free of coercion as possible. Yet, research has indicated that incarcerating defendants to await trial could have an undue influence on their decision to plead guilty. The current research employed a novel computer simulation to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on plea decision making among the innocent and the guilty when faced with potential pretrial detention. While presenting COVID-related information to participants increased both true and false guilty pleas, further analyses indicated that concerns about COVID-19 weighed more heavily on the innocent than the guilty. These findings illustrate the negative impact a pandemic could have in combination with a system of pleas that often allows prosecutors to provide defendants with just one guaranteed respite from jail-a guilty plea. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
How to perform the coherent measurement of a curved phase space by continuous isotropic measurement. I. Spin and the Kraus-operator geometry of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$

Recently it was reported that the spin-coherent state (SCS) positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) can be performed for any spin system by continuous isotropic measurement of the three total spin components [E.~Shojaee, C.~S. Jackson, C.~A. Riofr{\'i}o, A.~Kalev, and I.~H. Deutsch, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 121}, 130404 (2018)]. The outcome probability distribution of the SCS POVM for an input quantum state is the generalized $Q$-function, which is defined on the 2-sphere phase space of SCSs. This article develops the theoretical details of the continuous isotropic measurement and places it within the general context of applying curved-phase-space correspondences to quantum systems, indicating their experimental utility by explaining how to analyze this measurement's performance. The analysis is in terms of the Kraus operators that develop over the course of a continuous isotropic measurement. The Kraus operators represent elements of the Lie group $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$, a complex version of the usual unitary operators that represent elements of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$. Consequently, the associated POVM elements represent points in the 3-hyperboloid $\mathrm{SU}(2)\backslash\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$. Three equivalent stochastic techniques, path integral, diffusion (Fokker-Planck) equation, and stochastic differential equations, are applied to show that the POVM quickly limits to the SCS POVM. We apply two basic mathematical tools to the Kraus operators, the Maurer-Cartan form, modified for stochastic applications, and the Cartan decomposition associated with the symmetric pair $\mathrm{SU}(2)\subset\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$. Informed by these tools, the three stochastic techniques are applied directly to the Kraus operators in a representation independent, and thus geometric, way (independent of any spectral information about the spin components).
Disrupted and Restored Patient Experience With Transition to New Electronic Health Record System

Transitioning from one electronic health record (EHR) system to another is of the most disruptive events in health care and research about its impact on patient experience for inpatient is limited....
Music Education for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Full-Inclusion Context:

The purpose of this multiple-case study was to explore the experiences of two students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a full-inclusion music education context and how those experiences alig...
P-103: Profiling the myeloma cell surface proteome reveals CCR10 as a potential immunotherapeutic target

Background Targeting surface antigens upregulated on malignant plasma cells is one of the most promising approaches to improve outcomes for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Surface markers with approved therapeutics include CD38, BCMA, and SLAMF7, with many more under development. However, none of these therapies are known to be curative. Furthermore, the “surfaceome” of cancer cells regulates tumor proliferation, migration, and endogenous immune cell interactions. There remains a need to identify new surface antigens that can serve as new immunotherapeutic targets and/or reveal surface protein biology in MM. Methods We used glycoprotein “Cell Surface Capture” proteomics to define the MM “surfaceome”. Across four cell line models, we quantified 1245 proteins annotated as membrane-spanning in Uniprot; 530 are high-confidence plasma membrane proteins. We integrated our proteomic data with publicly-available mRNA datasets and bioinformatic prediction algorithms to create a ranking system for possible single-antigen immunotherapy targets. Primary patient samples were obtained under an IRB-approved tissue banking protocol. Results Four of the top six targets by our ranking are already being clinically investigated in MM: BCMA, TACI, ITGB7, and SLAMF7. We thus probed other high-scoring proteins found in our proteomic data that, to our knowledge, have not yet been explored as therapeutic targets. To this end, we found the chemokine receptor CCR10 to be robustly expressed on MM cells per the CCLE but with minimal expression on other tumor cell lines. Data from GTEx and the Human Blood Atlas also suggest low mRNA expression on non-hematopoietic tissues and markedly higher mRNA expression on plasmablasts than other hematopoietic cells. By flow cytometry we verified markedly increased CCR10 expression on MM models compared to B-cell cancers. In patient bone marrow aspirates we also confirmed CCR10 expression on patient tumor cells as well as T-regulatory cells. We developed proof-of-concept Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) constructs using CCL27, the native chemokine ligand of CCR10. We found these CAR’s could robustly activate Jurkat T-cells when co-cultured with CCR10+ MM cell lines, suggesting CAR functionality. However, we found that while peripheral blood CD8+ T-cells do not express detectable CCR10 at baseline, T-cell activation during CAR-T production leads to CCR10 upregulation and thus fratricide with functional cyotoxic CAR-T’s. Current efforts involve T-cell engineering to avoid this fratricide and thus develop preclinical therapeutic candidates targeting CCR10. Conclusion Our surface proteomic profiling provides a powerful resource to discover new biology and immunotherapeutic strategies in MM. CCR10 serves as potential immunotherapeutic target in this disease. CCR10 upregulation on plasma cells warrants further investigation into the role of the CCL27-CCR10 axis in MM pathology.
Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion in fed and fasted rats.

Abstract A technique for simultaneous and independent measurement of gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion in rats was developed and utilized to describe these parameters in 24-hr fasted and fed rats. The differing emission energies of the radioisotopes 51 Cr and 125 I allowed separate determination of the distribution of Na 2 51 CrO 4 and 125 I-polyvinylpyrrolidone at various times after simultaneous intragastric and/or intraduodenal administration of these nonabsorbable markers. Gastric emptying of isotopes was exponential in both groups but much more rapid in fasted than fed rats. There was also a considerable difference in distribution in the small intestine between fasted and fed rats after intragastric administration of the markers with the bulk of the marker moving faster in fasted animals. After intraduodenal administration of the markers, the distribution in the small intestine was quite similar for fasted and fed rats. In contrast to the distribution of radioisotope, the rate of movement of the leading edge of activity in the small intestine was not greatly influenced by gastric emptying.
Persistent infection of a temperature-sensitive G31 vesicular stomatitis virus mutant in neural and nonneural cells: biological and virological characteristics.

Mouse L-929 cells (L cells), human oligodendroglioma cells, and rat glioma cells were persistently infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) mutant tsG31 and maintained for at least 4 years at 37 degrees C. The striking observation in this study was that there is a marked difference in neurovirulence among the persistent infections (PIs) derived from the three cell lines. tsG31 VSV derived from persistently infected L cells and oligodendroglioma cells remained highly virulent as assayed by intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation into 3-week-old Swiss mice. In contrast, tsG31 VSV isolated from glioma cells lost neurovirulence by passage 20. Persistently infected glioma cells were carried through more than 180 passages without reemergence of neurovirulent virus. Importantly, glioma PI virus neurovirulence was restored quickly by i.c. passage in mice and more slowly by passage through normal L cells. In contrast, the neurovirulence of L-cell PI virus was enhanced by i.c. passage in mice and slowly reduced by passage through normal glioma cells. Furthermore, no alteration in neurovirulence was observed in the case of oligodendroglioma PI virus. Although the mechanism(s) underlying the loss of virulence in glioma cells is unclear, our studies suggest that either strict temperature sensitivity or the presence of a heat-labile transcriptase or both play a major role in this phenomenon.
Applications of a digital signal processor in test instruments

A second-generation single-chip digital signal processor, TriStar, the architecture of which has been tailored for the instrumentation environment, is described. The TriStar uses a RISC-style Harvard architecture, prefetched instructions, wide instruction word, two external data memories, and extensive parallelism to provide high performance and throughput in waveform processing. Although its architecture has been optimized for test instruments, the TriStar is also capable of performing general digital signal processing tasks with an unmatched speed. A discussion of typical applications is included, and an explanation is given of how the processor delivers very high throughput for these applications. >
The market experience: The limits of hidden costs in the market

In this chapter I create a straw man with real bones and then produce a bonfire that disfigures him but does not wholly destroy him. The straw man is created in the first section by spelling out the full economic implications of hidden costs and intrinsic motivation; he is a horrid figure. Even in his charred condition he may be considered to be the modern version of the “spectre” that Marx thought he saw haunting Europe. The bonfire is represented by an item-by-item undermining of the force of the theory of hidden costs. We start by examining the difference between pay as information, which does not incur hidden costs, and pay interpreted as control, which does. We then look at some quite powerful self-rewards, other than desire for self-determination, that motivate work without either extrinsic rewards or hidden costs: for example, desire for excellence and desire to deal fairly. Unlike the situations where the intrinsic motivation is the desire for self-determination, when persons with these motives receive their pay, their work motives are not undermined. This section on self-rewards is followed by an examination of the role of choice in voluntarily work, an inquiry regarding just how much the desire for intrinsic rewards informs work motivation, and an exploration of other situations where pay is welcomed without producing a sense of being controlled. The market costs of hidden costs Some astonishing market implications follow from the idea that money rewards reduce enterprise in the free enterprise economy.
The Comprehension of Double-Object Constructions in Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics

A series of studies utilizing the Double Object Comprehension Test is reviewed. This test, designed to distinguish between classes of lexical and syntactic comprehension errors, was administered to...
Analysis of Lunar Occultation Data

Lunar occultation technique has been successfully applied in the near-infrared to obtain structural information of celestial objects with very high angular resolution. This paper reviews and evaluates the methods which have been used to analyze the data. Specifically, the least-squares modeling is adequate for data suggesting simple intensity structure, while inverse techniques are required for complicated objects. A technique incorporating Bayesian procedure (the Richardson-Lucy algorithm) is found particularly useful in restoration of lunar occultation data.
Assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity by technetium 99m phagocyte scanning

Autologous technetium 99m-labeled phagocyte scanning has been used to assess disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease in 51 consecutive patients. Strong correlations were found between the 24-h fecal excretion of isotope and the histologic score of mucosal biopsy specimens (rS = 0.84, p less than 0.001, where rS is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient), and between the 24-h fecal excretion of isotope and a clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity index based on the Crohn's disease activity index (rS = 0.87, p less than 0.001). To develop a clinically useful and objective measure of inflammatory bowel disease activity that did not require a 24-h stool collection, the intensity of bowel uptake on scanning was graded visually from 0 to 4, a ratio of count rates for the region of interest to the iliac crest reference region was calculated, and the rapidity of labeled phagocyte uptake into inflamed bowel was measured as the peak uptake time. Visual grading of disease activity on the scans was validated by comparing it with the ratio of count rates from inflamed bowel regions of interest and those from the iliac crest reference region. The ratio of count rates showed a significant correlation with the clinical disease activity index (r = 0.75, p less than 0.001). The visual scan grade also correlated well with the clinical activity index (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001). Count rates from hourly scans were also used to calculate the time of peak uptake of counts for a given region of interest. There was a strong negative correlation between this peak uptake time and the fecal excretion of isotope (rS = -0.81, p less than 0.001), a clinical activity index (r = -0.60, p less than 0.001), and the histologic score of the mucosal biopsy specimens (r = -0.84, p less than 0.001). These results indicate that the technetium 99m-labeled phagocyte scan provides an objective assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease using the visual scan grade, ratio of count rates for the region of inflamed bowel, or by the peak uptake time, thereby avoiding the problems associated with fecal collections. This scanning test may prove to be of significant value in clinical management and in the assessment of treatment response.
Stabilization and Task Definition in a Performance Test Battery

Abstract : Performance testing under unusual environmental circumstances almost always involves repeated-measure designs. Most tasks, however, show practice effects with repeated administrations, effects that may appear in the group mean, the variance among subjects, or the correlations over subjects among trials or repeated testings. There comes a point in many tasks after which practice no longer produces changes in performance; as we will put it, the task stabilizes. Our criteria for stabilization are: the group mean no longer increases, or increases at a slow and regular rate; the variance among subjects no longer changes; and the correlation with earlier trials remains the same from one stabilized trial to the next; finally, the correlation among stabilized trials is constant. Stabilization in this sense is virtually essential to a performance test battery. When it is absent, practice and environmental effects are confounded; interpretation becomes very difficult; and problems of design are greatly complicated, in some cases impossibly so. It is desirable, therefore, to determine in advance whether or not a task stabilizes with practice and, if so, how long it takes. It is additionally desirable that a task be well defined, that is, that it stabilize at a high level; preferably the average correlation among stabilized trials should be greater than .90. The present report concerns ten tasks each of which was practiced for 15 days by either 18 or 19 subjects.
The Mentor's Guide: Facilitating Effective Learning Relationships by Lois J. Zachary

Librarians frequently find themselves in a position to mentor others, and like any people who mentor, they occasionally wonder how to be more effective at it. The Mentor's Guide contains informatio...
An Adaptive Estimation Algorithm for Time-Varying Bit Synchronizers

This paper presents an adaptive estimation algorithm for bit synchronization, assuming that the parameters of the incoming data process are time varying. The data are linearly related to the state variable to be determined. By employing the Gauss-Markov theorem, the optimal recursive estimate (including the nonstationary property of the system), which is a matrix operation on the transformed data, is obtained. The efficiency of the estimator is measured by the amount of data required and the speed of convergence. Both of these have proved to be of satisfactory and acceptable quality.
Generalized algebraic structures for the representation of discrete systems

Abstract General algebraic structures are introduced and used to develop representations for discrete systems. Properties of the structures and mappings between the structures are derived. The first general structure presented is based on a free monoid of m-tuples of mappings. A second general structure is presented that is based on a commutative ring of functions with finite support. These structures are specialized to obtain representations for three models of discrete systems: finite-state machines, Petri nets, and inhibitor nets. Uniqueness of the representations is established, and examples of representations for each type of system are given.