cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 341:In vivomodel of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis to the brain.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a high rate of metastasis to distant sites such as the brain. Previous reports have suggested that exogenously expressed EMT transcription factors lead to EMT-induced migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells in vitro. In other cancer types, increased EMT transcription factors leads to promotion of metastatic tumor cell dissemination but simultaneously can also inhibit distant colonization by circulating metastatic cells. Methods: To investigate the role of EMT in brain metastasis in NSCLC, we established an in vivo model of brain metastasis through the isolation of brain metastatic clones from iterative rounds of systemic cancer cell inoculation in immunodeficient mice. Results: With each round, an increasing frequency of brain metastasis characterized the metastatic pattern and earlier onset of brain tumor formation was seen in select animals. In the metastatic cell lines established from the explanted brain metastases, we observed elevation of EMT markers such as TWIST, vimentin, and fibronectin compared to the parental cells. In addition, metastatic clones to the brain demonstrated markedly increased migration and EGFR expression. Conclusion: Iterative in vivo passaging of cancer cells facilitated isolation of subclones demonstrating increased brain metastasis. Also, these data suggests that the increased expression of EMT markers does not inhibit the formation of brain metastasis in NSCLC. Citation Format: Su I. Chung, Lisa A. Tobin, Yili Xie, John R. Wunderlich, King F. Kwong. In vivo model of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis to the brain. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 341. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-341
Regression Testing of Virtual Prototypes Using Symbolic Execution.

Recently virtual platforms and virtual prototyping techniques have been widely applied for accelerating software development in electronics companies. It has been proved that these techniques can greatly shorten time-to-market and improve product quality. One challenge is how to test and validate a virtual prototype. In this paper, we present how to conduct regression testing of virtual prototypes in different versions using symbolic execution. Suppose we have old and new versions of a virtual prototype, we first apply symbolic execution to the new version and collect all path constraints. Then the collected path constraints are used for guiding the symbolic execution of the old version. For each path explored, we compare the device states between two versions to check if they behave the same. We have applied this approach to a widely-used virtual prototype and detected numerous differences. The experimental results show that our approach is useful and efficient.
Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder

AbstractBetween January 1980 and June 1990 we treated 21 patients with invasive carcinoma of the bladder and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Three distinct groups of patients were identified. Group 1 comprised 8 patients who were initially diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer and during cancer staging a concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm was found. Group 2 consisted of 10 patients previously treated for invasive bladder cancer who had aneurysmal disease at a later date. Group 3 included 3 patients who underwent a previous aneurysm repair and subsequently had invasive carcinoma of the bladder.Total survival was 9 of 21 patients (43%) with a mean of 84 months of followup after initial diagnosis. This finding is comparable to long-term (greater than 5 years) survival in patients with invasive carcinoma of the bladder alone. In fact, none of the 21 patients studied experienced rupture of the aneurysm and/or died of aneurysmal disease. We found that patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and invasive bladder ...
Retest of a Principal Components Analysis of Two Household Environmental Risk Instruments.

Household Risk Perception (HRP) and Self-Efficacy in Environmental Risk Reduction (SEERR) instruments were developed for a public health nurse-delivered intervention designed to reduce home-based, environmental health risks among rural, low-income families. The purpose of this study was to test both instruments in a second low-income population that differed geographically and economically from the original sample. Participants (N = 199) were recruited from the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. Paper and pencil surveys were collected at WIC sites by research-trained student nurses. Exploratory principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted, and comparisons were made to the original PCA for the purpose of data reduction. Instruments showed satisfactory Cronbach alpha values for all components. HRP components were reduced from five to four, which explained 70% of variance. The components were labeled sensed risks, unseen risks, severity of risks, and knowledge. In contrast to the original testing, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) items was not a separate component of the HRP. The SEERR analysis demonstrated four components explaining 71% of variance, with similar patterns of items as in the first study, including a component on ETS, but some differences in item location. Although low-income populations constituted both samples, differences in demographics and risk exposures may have played a role in component and item locations. Findings provided justification for changing or reducing items, and for tailoring the instruments to population-level risks and behaviors. Although analytic refinement will continue, both instruments advance the measurement of environmental health risk perception and self-efficacy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Singular Forms of Cirrhosis of the Liver

Numerous types of chronic liver disease can be considered as singular, in that they are both distinctive and uncommon. Knowledge of them has helped to broaden the understanding of hepatic metabolism and of the general disease that is manifested partly in the liver. Each of these disorders has a pattern of genetic inheritance, some more clearly than others, and each may lead to portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and hepatic failure. This chapter discusses forms of cirrhosis that are associated with Wilson disease, hemochromatosis, alpha-l-antitrypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis, and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Abnormally heavy deposition of copper throughout the body is the direct cause of Wilson disease. Patients with Wilson disease are almost invariably unable to synthesize the protein ceruloplasmin that normally carries eight atoms of copper on a single molecule. Symptoms vary considerably from patient to patient. Many with advanced symptoms of basal ganglion disease show no clinicalor laboratory evidence of liver disease although hepatic copper levels are invariably elevated. Hemochromatosis results when excessive deposition of iron is present throughout the body, and when organ necrosis, fibrosis, and dysfunction have resulted from this abnormality. In hemosiderosis, the accumulation of hepatic iron is greatest in Kupffer cells and in portal macrophages whereas in hemochromatosis, iron accumulates preponderantly in hepatocytes and in bile ductular epithelium. The chapter also describes PBC as a singular disease of unknown etiology. It occurs much more commonly in women than in men and is rarely seen before the age of 30. It consists of a progressive self-destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, does not affect extrahepatic ducts, and is closely linked to altered immune mechanisms.
Trials and Tribulations: Transnational Judicial Institutions

The global political system has become increasingly permeated by transnational judicial institutions and legal instruments. As more and more states subject themselves to elements of this transborder legal system, it is worth exploring the ways in which transnational judicial bodies hinder or promote state accountability and the rule of law. Although individual citizens may see in transnational judicial forums an immediate and practical way to pursue justice previously unavailable to them, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) also regard such institutions as having a more long-term transformative potential, hoping to use them as a means to press for political change at home. This chapter focuses on Russia as a nondemocratic state subject to the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), a transnational court located in Strasbourg, France. The ECHR rules on the basis of the 1953 European Convention on Human Rights and its protocols, holding signatory states accountable for violating the rights of their citizens. The increasing number of cases brought to the ECHR in recent years suggests that when national courts fail to protect human rights, people invest their hopes for accountability in transnational judicial institutions. Although claimants must exhaust their options for recourse within their domestic legal systems before turning to the ECHR, the growing use of this transnational court by Russian citizens indicates reliance on an external actor to redress domestic accountability failures.
Resummed hadronic spectra of inclusive B decays

In this paper we investigate the hadronic mass spectra of inclusive B decays. Specifically, we study how an upper cut on the invariant mass spectrum, which is necessary to extract V{sub ub}, results in the breakdown of the standard perturbative expansion due to the existence of large infrared logs. We first show how the decay rate factorizes at the level of the double differential distribution. Then, we present closed form expressions for the resummed cut rate for the inclusive decays B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma} and B{yields}X{sub u}e{nu} at next-to-leading order in the infrared logs. Using these results, we determine the range of cuts for which resummation is necessary, as well as the range for which the resummed expansion itself breaks down. We also use our results to extract the leading and next to leading infrared log contribution to the two loop differential rate. We find that for the phenomenologically interesting cut values, there is only a small region where the calculation is under control. Furthermore, the size of this region is sensitive to the parameter {lambda}(bar sign). We discuss the viability of extracting V{sub ub} from the hadronic mass spectrum. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Upbeat nystagmus after bilateral superior canal plugging: A peripheral cause of vertical nystagmus

Vertical nystagmus without a torsional component is generally considered a finding indicative of central nervous system pathology. We report two cases of purely upbeat nystagmus elicited with mastoid vibration after bilateral superior canal plugging, to highlight the vestibular pathophysiology involved in this unusual peripheral cause for upbeat nystagmus. Laryngoscope, 127:1698-1700, 2017.
Long-Term Management Challenges in Esophageal Atresia

Esophageal atresia is a rare congenital anomaly, but improved surgical and critical care has resulted in survival rates exceeding 90%. Long-term survival is associated with numerous management challenges including chronic motility disorders, dysphagia, strictures, reflux, esophagitis and attendant complications, tracheomalacia and chronic restrictive lung disease, and recurrent pulmonary infections. No guidelines for adolescents and younger or older adults exist for the treatment and monitoring of this specialized patient population. As such, patients with esophageal atresia can experience life-long sequelae of their disease and are best served by intentional transition to adult care for surveillance and monitoring, specifically for chronic lung disease, reflux, and its complications. This is best accomplished in a multidisciplinary fashion at experienced esophageal and lung centers.
Cross-Cultural Aspects of Environmental Design

In considering the relationship between culture and environmental design this chapter will suggest that these two are intimately related and that cultural differences must be considered in tracing environmental effects and in stating design requirements. Since culture is variable, designed environments respond to variable definitions of needs and priorities as expressed in varying schemata: environments are culture specific. In being so they are congruent with specific life-styles. For one thing, both designs and life-styles can be seen as resulting from sets of choices among many alternatives which even the most severe constraints make possible. These choices reflect certain ideal images and schemata, i.e., both environments and life-styles are shaped by cultural “templates.” At smaller scales this process results in sets of cues which are encoded in the environment and help guide behavior. In order to be useful cues need to be decoded—if they cannot be decoded, then environments are effectively meaningless—another reason for the culture specific nature of environments.
Educating students as a means to help people in a low income community live in a DC microgrid laboratory

A microgrid is defined by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as “a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) with clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the electric utility grid.” Today 1.4 billion people in the world have no access to electricity and a billion more only have limited access to unreliable electricity. It is a daunting global challenge to provide universal access to modern electricity services for the poor population. In the United States, the issue is more related to affordability than availability of electricity. Currently the wealthy and well educated U.S. population is increasingly embracing renewable energy and smart solutions such as demand response or local energy storage to reduce both carbon emission and electricity bills simultaneously. The low-income households, which could also participate in and benefit from the energy paradigm shift, are largely left out due to the high initial investment barrier and lack of education and exposure to the new technology. This project focuses on educating high school students in a community in a low income neighborhood in Milwaukee. The students will be learning about the basics of a Microgrid and will learn about the DC Microgrid in their community which includes Solar energy, storage and smart DC loads in full detail. The students will be educated and eventually live in these smart homes which are a part of the community DC Microgrid. This paper proposes a plan of action educate the students to achieve that objective.
Deleterious Germline Mutations in Telomere Maintenance Genes Identified in a Subset of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Abstract The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are the most common cause of bone marrow failure in adults, with an incidence of 40,000 cases per year. Next-generation sequencing of candidate genes has led to major advances in the description of the genetic landscape of MDS, identifying recurrently mutated genes and cellular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. However, use of targeted panels indicates more comprehensive, unbiased sequencing techniques may yet identify additional recurrently mutated genes or cellular pathways important in MDS. Diseases caused by defects in telomere maintenance (telomeropathies) are variable in clinical and genetic presentation but often involve bone marrow failure. We hypothesized that acquired mutations in telomerase maintenance genes may be a recurrent event in MDS. This is significant as identification of recurrent somatic mutations in telomerase maintenance genes would provide further insight into MDS pathogenesis and identify a potential druggable pathway for MDS patients, as novel agents targeting the telomerase pathway are currently in clinical development. First, we identified three adults who presented in middle age with MDS and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), two of which also had a family history of IPF. All three patients had shortened telomeres ( Download : Download high-res image (132KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Jacoby: Sunesis: Research Funding; Quintiles: Consultancy; Celgene: Speakers Bureau.
Prompt transition from intravenous nicardipine to oral antihypertensives reduces resource utilization for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. (P5.063)

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficiency of protocol-driven early initiation and prompt titrations of oral hypertensives in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Background: Intravenous nicardipine infusion is very safe and effective for prompt blood pressure (BP) control in patients with ICH. However, its use requires ICU stay and significant resource utilization. We developed a protocol for early initiation and prompt titrations of oral antihypertensives for optimal blood pressure control in early 2015. Design/Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing resource utilization of the protocol-driven BP reduction strategy from July 1 to December 31, 2015 with traditional practice from July 1 to December 31, 2014 as historical control. All ICH patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit were included for chart reviews. Non-hypertensive ICH and patients with comfort care status within 3 days of admission were excluded from the study. Clinical characteristics, including patient’s age, race, sex, past medical history, GCS, ICH location, volume, ICH score, mechanical ventilation, hemicraniectomy, EVD placement, and mRS at discharge, were collected and analyzed. Antihypertensive usage and costs were obtained for each patient. A Student’s T-test was used to analyze any difference between the two groups. Results: A total of 40 patients with 20 in each group were identified. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, GCS, ICH volumes, ICH scores, and mRS at hospital discharge between the two groups. However, the protocol-driven early initiation and prompt titrations of oral hypertensives resulted in statistically significant reduction in duration of nicardipine infusion, pharmaceutical costs (by $5,000 per patient, p Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that prompt transition from intravenous nicardipine to oral antihypertensives reduces resource utilization for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Disclosure: Dr. Khayali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dastur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Akbari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Groysman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Atallah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yu has received personal compensation for activities with Stryker Neurovascular as a consultant.
A heart of stone: rapid metastatic cardiac calcification in an end-stage renal disease patient.

![Figure][1] Disturbed calcium-phosphate metabolism can cause metastatic calcium deposition throughout the body. After missing 2 sessions of dialysis and medication noncompliance, severe electrolyte abnormalities developed in our patient (A) . On day 1 of admission, a chest computed
Balanced Elementary Literacy Instruction in the United States: A Personal Perspective

As I write this chapter in late 2003, I reflect that I cannot count the number of invitations I have received in the past few years to talk about balanced reading instruction, particularly in the elementary grades. Even more uncountable are the number of references I have seen in print in the past few years to “balanced instruction.” Plugging “balanced instruction,” “balanced teaching,” and “balanced literacy instruction,” into the data bases of the electronic booksellers, I come up with more than 20 titles on the topic. Balanced literacy instruction seems very much to be “in.” Perhaps I should feel good about that, since I wrote the first book on the topic (Pressley, 1998) and then, as I broadened my perspective on it, revised that book (Pressley, 2002), anticipating I will do so again (Pressley, 2006?). The fact of the matter is that I do not feel so good about all of the activities claiming to be about balanced instruction. There are many who are using the variations of the term, “balanced instruction,” in ways that are very different that I intended and in ways that do not inspire confidence in me that children’s literacy will be much advanced by their efforts.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE IN BULK TANKS ON MILK QUALITY

On adding warm morning milk to cold evening milk no development of rancidity was detectable with blend temperatures of 40°F., 50°F., and 60°F., but was apparent at a maximum rise of 70°F. Under conditions simulating every-other-day pick-up no significant increase in rancidity occured on raising the blend temperature to 60°F., but a measureable increase did occur with a blend temperature of 70°F. The increment in acid degree values between 24 and 48 hours is much less with every-other-day pick-up than with samples picked up daily.
Adverse childhood experiences, self-care, and compassion outcomes in mental health providers working with trauma.

Objective This study examined the moderating effects of self-care on various compassion outcomes among mental health providers. Method Mental health providers (n = 371; 94.1% female; mean age = 47.12) were surveyed regarding their level of self-care, history of adverse childhood experiences, and the degree of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction experienced. Results Results indicated that providers who endorsed a history of adverse childhood experiences (82.5%) also endorsed greater negative compassion outcomes than those who did not have such a history. Endorsement of self-care activities was a significant predictor of compassion satisfaction and burnout in the expected directions. Self-care served as a moderator between adverse childhood experiences and burnout. Conclusions Self-care is an effective method for decreasing negative compassion outcomes among mental health providers who work with trauma. It is important to develop effective training programs that promote self-care in personal and professional settings.
Keel bone injury in laying hens: the prevalence of injuries in relation to different housing systems, implications, and potential solutions

Increased pressure on the poultry industry by animal-rights organisations and environmentally-conscious consumers has led to the rising popularity of cage-free housing system for hens. One of the m...
Evaluation of α-hydroxycinnamic acids as pyruvate carboxylase inhibitors.

Abstract Through a structure-based drug design project (SBDD), potent small molecule inhibitors of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) have been discovered. A series of α-keto acids (7) and α-hydroxycinnamic acids (8) were prepared and evaluated for inhibition of PC in two assays. The two most potent inhibitors were 3,3′-(1,4-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-propenoic acid] (8u) and 2-hydroxy-3-(quinoline-2-yl)propenoic acid (8v) with IC50 values of 3.0 ± 1.0 μM and 4.3 ± 1.5 μM respectively. Compound 8v is a competitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate (Ki = 0.74 μM) and a mixed-type inhibitor with respect to ATP, indicating that it targets the unique carboxyltransferase (CT) domain of PC. Furthermore, compound 8v does not significantly inhibit human carbonic anhydrase II, matrix metalloproteinase-2, malate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase.
Detecting reports of unsafe foods in consumer product reviews.

Author(s): Maharana, Adyasha; Cai, Kunlin; Hellerstein, Joseph; Hswen, Yulin; Munsell, Michael; Staneva, Valentina; Verma, Miki; Vint, Cynthia; Wijaya, Derry; Nsoesie, Elaine O | Abstract: Objectives:Access to safe and nutritious food is essential for good health. However, food can become unsafe due to contamination with pathogens, chemicals or toxins, or mislabeling of allergens. Illness resulting from the consumption of unsafe foods is a global health problem. Here, we develop a machine learning approach for detecting reports of unsafe food products in consumer product reviews from Amazon.com. Materials and Methods:We linked Amazon.com food product reviews to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food recalls from 2012 to 2014 using text matching approaches in a PostGres relational database. We applied machine learning methods and over- and under-sampling methods to the linked data to automate the detection of reports of unsafe food products. Results:Our data consisted of 1 297 156 product reviews from Amazon.com. Only 5149 (0.4%) were linked to recalled food products. Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformations performed best in identifying unsafe food reviews, achieving an F1 score, precision and recall of 0.74, 0.78, and 0.71, respectively. We also identified synonyms for terms associated with FDA recalls in more than 20 000 reviews, most of which were associated with nonrecalled products. This might suggest that many more products should have been recalled or investigated. Discussion and Conclusion:Challenges to improving food safety include, urbanization which has led to a longer food chain, underreporting of illness and difficulty in linking contaminated food to illness. Our approach can improve food safety by enabling early identification of unsafe foods which can lead to timely recall thereby limiting the health and economic impact on the public.
A toolbox for troubleshooting dairy nutrition problems

Nutrition is a crucial determinant of dairy cow health and productivity. Veterinarians can leverage their regular access to cows and feed bunks to provide herd owners with regular evaluation and monitoring of nutritional management. The 5 areas in which dairy veterinarians can have the most impact on nutritional management are particle length of total mixed rations, sorting of total mixed rations, adequacy of eating space, adequacy of feed refusals, and appropriate timing of feed deliveries. The pre- and post-fresh groups are the highest priority pens for evaluation and monitoring. The most common problems that may be encountered are inappropriate proportion of long particles in the total mixed rations, excessive sorting of the total mixed rations, insufficient bunk space for all of the cows to eat at the same time, insufficient targeted feed refusals such that cows do not have full access to feed throughout the day, and lack of fresh feed in the bunk when cows return from the parlor after the first milking of the day.
A Retrograde Gravitational Capture Model for a Sizeable Satellite for Mars

In this chapter we explore the consequences of capturing a 0.1 moon-mass (~0.01 mars-mass) planetoid from a mars-like heliocentric orbit into a stable retrograde orbit of large major axis and high eccentricity. The capture mechanism is the same as that for a prograde capture scenario but the motion of the satellite is in the opposite direction. The mars-like planet is rotating in the prograde direction and the satellite is revolving in the retrograde direction. In this dynamical situation the angular momentum of planet rotation is systematically cancelled via tidal activity of the satellite revolving in the opposite direction. Thus, the planet rotation slows as the satellite orbit decreases in major axis as well as in angular momentum. The result of the scenario depends on the initial rotation rate of the planet and the angular momentum of the satellite orbit following a stable retrograde capture. For most orbital scenarios of this type, the satellite eventually coalesces with the planet. If the angular momentum of planet rotation is greater than that associated with the satellite orbit, the result is a planet with a slow prograde rotation. If the angular momentum of planet rotation is less than that associated with the satellite orbit, then the result is a planet rotating in the retrograde direction, the rotation rate depending on the quantity of angular momentum associated with the satellite orbit. If the satellite is sufficiently massive, then the mars-like planet can undergo a GLOBAL RESURFACING EVENT caused by massive tidal energy dissipation.
Impact of Surface Recombination on Single-Event Charge Collection in an SOI Technology

Semiconductor–insulator interfaces play an important role in the reliability of integrated devices; however, the impact of these interfaces on the physical mechanisms related to single-event effects has not been previously reported. We present experimental data that demonstrate that single-event charge collection can be impacted by changes in interface quality. The experimental data, combined with simulations, show that single-event response may depend on surface recombination at interface defects. The effect depends on strike location and increases with increasing linear energy transfer (LET). Surface recombination can affect single-event charge collection for interfaces with a surface recombination velocity (SRV) of 1000 cm/s and is a dominant charge collection mechanism with SRV $> 10^{5}$ cm/s.
Sharing Strategic Decisions: CEO Humility, TMT Decentralization, and Ethical Culture

Humility is increasingly recognized as an essential attribute for individuals at top management levels to build successful organizations. However, research on CEO humility has focused on how humble chief executive officers (CEOs) shape collective perceptions through their interactions and behaviors with other organizational members while overlooking CEOs’ critical role in making strategic decisions. We address this unexplored aspect of CEO humility by proposing that humble CEOs influence decision-making decentralization at the top management team (TMT) and subsequently promote an organizational ethical culture. Using a sample of CEOs and TMT members from 120 small- and medium-sized enterprises, we find strong support for our hypotheses. We discuss important implications for research on CEO humility and strategic leadership.
Positive schizotypy predicts migration intentions and desires

Abstract Researchers have long noted higher rates of schizophrenia among immigrants, although it's not clear why this is the case. One possibility is that there is something about the process of migration itself that causes increased rates of schizophrenia. Another possibility, referred to as selective migration, is that people who are predisposed to schizophrenia are more likely to migrate. Multiple recent publications have denied that selective migration plays a role in explaining increase rates of schizophrenia among migrants. We challenge this claim, reviewing evidence that positive schizotypy, a longitudinal predictor of psychosis, is associated with an increased tendency towards exploration. We hypothesize that this increased exploration also results in an increased tendency to migrate. We present the results of a pre-registered study (N = 235) showing that positive schizotypy uniquely predicts migration intentions/desires when all three schizotypy factors are included in a regression.
An instance of hybridization with Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) and male parental care by Great-tailed Grackle (Q. mexicanus)

Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) and Common Grackle (Q. quiscula) are phylogenetically distant among grackles and were historically allopatric. Northward range expansion of Great-tailed Grackle and westward expansion of Common Grackle brought these species into increasing contact over the past century but has not led to notable interactions. Hybrids of Great-tailed Grackle with Boat-tailed Grackle (Q. major), Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) have been reported, whereas hybridization of Common Grackle has never been documented with any species. We report a brood of 2 hybrid offspring of a male Great-tailed Grackle and female Common Grackle in Dillon, Montana, in 2015. For about a week after their discovery, both parents defended and fed the fledglings, the latter behavior extraordinary for a male Great-tailed Grackle. Moreover, whereas the female parent was no longer seen, the male continued to feed the young for at least another 7 weeks after they left the nest tree, during which time the trio moved ∼2 km across town and the young began prebasic molt, growing iridescent blue-black secondary coverts as expected for male Great-tailed Grackle but not for Common Grackle or female Great-tailed Grackle. Analysis of DNA from a feather of one offspring confirmed that it had hybrid nuclear DNA, had Common Grackle mitochondrial DNA, and was male. In 2016, the male Great-tailed Grackle again courted a female Common Grackle that nested in his tree, a nest which he defended, but she was also attended by a male Common Grackle. She produced 5 young, all of which were genetically pure Common Grackles, not hybrids. Also notable in 2016, another male Great-tailed Grackle in the general vicinity was observed feeding young in 1 of 3 nests that he defended, suggesting that male parental care may be more common in that species than has been appreciated.
Visual target control of schedule‐induced aggression in white king pigeons (columba livia)

Visual target control of schedule-induced attack was studied in domesticated pigeons by exposing them to successive and simultaneous target preference procedures involving a fixed-time food schedule and projected target images. Pigeons preferred attacking an image of a conspecific head over a headless bird regardless of the height of the latter. Images of an intact bird and of a head alone were equally effective in controlling attack and more effective than the headless bird. Neither the eye nor four. other head-related features exclusively controlled attack. The combined results suggest that the head of an intact conspecific target selectively controls schedule-induced attack and that the effectiveness of the head in directing attack is inversely related to its physical integrity as a unit without regard to specific features. These results are consistent with reports that the head and head-related features of an intruder control reproductive aggression in birds.
Synthesis of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Wires and the Similarity of Their Effective Band Gaps to Those of Equidiameter Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots

High-quality colloidal CdTe quantum wires having purposefully controlled diameters in the range of 5-11 nm are grown by the solution-liquid-solid (SLS) method, using Bi-nanoparticle catalysts, cadmium octadecylphosphonate and trioctylphosphine telluride as precursors, and a TOPO solvent. The wires adopt the wurtzite structure, and grow along the [002] direction (parallel to the c axis). The size dependence of the band gaps in the wires are determined from the absorption spectra, and compared to the experimental results for high-quality CdTe quantum dots. In contrast to the predictions of an effective-mass approximation, particle-in-a-box model, and previous experimental results from CdSe and InP dot-wire comparisons, the band gaps of CdTe dots and wires of like diameter are found to be experimentally indistinguishable. The present results are analyzed using density functional theory under the local-density approximation by implementing a charge-patching method. The higher-level theoretical analysis finds the general existence of a threshold diameter, above which dot and wire band gaps converge. The origin and magnitude of this threshold diameter is discussed.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Thermal Rectification in Graphene Nanoribbons

Classical molecular dynamics based on the Brenner potential and Nose–Hoover thermostat has been used to study the thermal conductivity and thermal rectification (TR) of graphene nanoribbons. An appreciable TR effect in triangular and trapezoidal nanoribbons was found. The TR factor is over 20 % even for 23 nm long monolayer triangular nanoribbons. The TR in graphene nanoribbons may enable novel nanoscale heat management and information processing using phonons.
Physical Disability and the Perception of Social Interaction: It's not What You Look at but How You Look at it

Observers watched a videotape of a stimulus person under one of four instructional sets. It was the subject's presumption that the target person thought her interactant was either: (a) physically normal; (b) taking medication for an allergy; (c) taking medication for epilepsy; or (d)facially scarred. Observers performed a perceptual segmentation task and commented upon breakpoints established in the stimulus tape. Persons given the facial scar set engaged in a fine-grained analysis of the stimulus tape and focused on nonverbal aspects of the behavior stream. A second study examined the effects of instructional sets (allergy or scar) and behavior focus (verbal or nonverbal) on the segmentation task. The latter variable influenced breakpoint frequency while the former did not. Results are discussed in terms of selective attention, level of analysis, and change of meaning explanations.
Rock Varnish in the Sonoran Desert: Microbiologically Mediated Accumulation of Manganiferous Sediments

Rock varnish occurs in virtually all environments, most commonly in arid and semi-arid climates, including Antarctica. Rock varnish consists of thin layers of intimately mixed aeolian and chemical sediments often showing botryoidal and more rarely stromatolite-like morphologies. Typical rock varnish samples collected at Twin Peak Mountain Park, near Phoenix, Arizona, consist of abundant quartz, with plagioclase, illite and a mixed layer, Fe-clay mineral, probably corrensite. EDS, SEM (BSE) and TEM analyses revealed that the typical Mn, Fe minerals occur as minute particles; some of these particles and other mineral grains are attached to filaments. XRD and electron diffraction showed that the Mn.Fe-bearing particles are poorly crystalline. The filaments, based on morphological criteria, are virtually indistinguishable from fungal filaments. Most filaments are fragments, probably broken by scraping during sample collection. Coccoid and rod-shaped forms, resembling cyanobacteria and other bacteria, respectively, are also present. Unlike definitive minerals, these filaments disintegrated in the concentrated energy of the SEM electron beam at the instrumental and experimental conditions used. In addition, no filamentous, rod-shaped or coccoid forms were observed in samples hydrolysed with 6 N HCl for 24 h at 100°C. Bacteria and fungi in powdered rock varnish were cultured on four media, incubated aerobically in the dark at 25°C. The culture media yielded dense growths of spore-forming bacteria and filamentous fungi. One fungus and two Bacillus isolates oxidized and concentrated manganese. Control experiments revealed that fungi and bacteria are present on and below the surfaces of rock varnish. Free and hydrolysed, peptide/protein-bound amino acids were identified in the rock varnish. Amino acids showed virtually no racemization with the exception of D/L asp = 0.1. Relatively high molecular weight humic matter was also separated from the rock varnish. High-resolution mass spectrometry revealed non-hydrocarbon moieties, similar to a Suwannee River (FL) humic acid standard. Micro-organisms and their original biochemical compounds do not seem to be preserved for long in the accreting varnish layer. The studies showed that the filaments helped to trap mineral particles of rock varnish, and that bacteria and fungi abetted Mn concentration. Some structures in the layers of rock varnish resemble stromatolites and present definitions would allow them to be termed as such.
Graduate student voice use and vocal efficiency in an opera rehearsal week: a case study.

Summary The purpose of this case study was to document graduate voice students' (N=2) voice use before, during, and after an intense week of opera rehearsals through (1) acquired Ambulatory Phonation Monitor (APM) data, (2) daily surveys, (3) participant activity logs, (4) three administrations of the Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI), and (5) pre- and post-stroboscopic laryngeal examinations. Two female graduate students, both of whom were cast in a university production of Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress (stage names Anne and Baba) and both of whom served as graduate teaching assistants in voice, wore APMs during waking hours for 9 days, including two pretest baseline days, a 5-day intensive rehearsal week just before the opera production week, and 2 baseline days after opera performances were completed. Mean phonation time dose percentages (Dt) and daily distance dose averages (Dd) were similar between the pre- and posttest periods and the intensive week. Disaggregation of acquired data by four types of activities (opera rehearsals, personal practice time, voice teaching time, and nonrehearsal or teaching time) indicated that the highest mean Dts and Dds were acquired during personal practice time and voice teaching time. Daily surveys and SVHI data as well as the pre- and post-stroboscopies indicated no notable changes occurring in vocal health. Results indicated that these singers were conscious about their voice use during periods of extensive performance demands. However, high vocal doses during voice teaching times suggest that these individuals might benefit from teacher voice care education.
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING LEADS TO TWO CHOLINERGIC PROTEINS IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

The cha-1 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes choline acetyl-transferase (the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme). The C. elegans unc-17 gene encodes a synaptic vesicle-associated acetylcholine transporter. The two genes thus define sequential biochemical steps in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Cloning, sequencing, and molecular analysis of the unc-17 region indicate that cha-1 and unc-17 transcripts share a 5' untranslated exon, and the rest of the unc-17 transcript is nested within the long first intron of cha-1. Thus, two proteins with related functions but with no sequences in common are produced as a result of alternative splicing of a common mRNA precursor. The structure of this transcription unit suggests a novel type of coordinate gene expression, and a temporal processing model is proposed for the regulation of cha-1 and unc-17 expression.
On integer programming models for the multi-channel PMU placement problem and their solution

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are starting to see increased deployment, enabling accurate measurement of power grid electrical properties to determine system health. Due to the costs associated with PMU acquisition and maintenance, it is practically important to place the minimum number of PMUs in order to achieve system complete observability. In this paper, we consider a variety of optimization models for the PMU placement problem that addresses more realistic assumptions than simple infinite-capacity placement models. Specifically, instead of assuming that a PMU can sense all lines incident to the bus at which it is placed, we impose the more realistic assumption that PMUs have restricted channel capacity, with per-unit cost given as a function of channel capacity. The optimization objective is then to minimize the total cost of placed PMUs, in contrast to their number. Further, we leverage the zero-injection bus properties to reduce the quantity and cost of placed PMUs. In formulating our optimization models, we identify a close relationship between the PMU placement problem (PPP) and a classic combinatorial problem, the set cover problem (SCP). If channel capacity limits are ignored, there is a close relationship between the PPP and the dominating set problem (DSP), a special case of the SCP. Similarly, when measurement redundancy is imposed as a design requirement, there is a close relationship between the PPP and the set multi-cover problem (SMCP), a generalized version of the SCP. These connections to well-studied combinational problems are not well-known in the power systems literature, and can be leveraged to improve solution algorithms. We demonstrate that more realistic, high-fidelity PPP optimization models can be solved to optimality using commercial integer programing solvers such as CPLEX. Specifically, run-times for all test cases, ranging from IEEE 14-bus to 300-bus test systems, are less than a second. This result indicates that the size of system that can be analyzed using state-of-the-art solvers is considerable. Further, our results call into question the need for problem-specific heuristic solution algorithms for the PPP, many of which have been proposed over the past decade. Finally, we analyze cost versus performance tradeoffs using our PPP optimization models on various IEEE test systems.
The Negative Impact of Structural Adjustment on Sectoral Earnings in Nicaragua

Nicaragua instituted structural adjustment (SA) policies wholeheartedly after the electoral defeat of the Sandinistas in 1990. Using two comprehensive national surveys from 1993 and 1998 (which corresponds to the period of initiation and deepening of SA policies in Nicaragua), this article seeks to determine the impact of SA policies on sectoral earnings. The present research suggests that both informal and formal sector workers suffered a decline in earnings, yet the brunt of the earnings drop affected informal workers and women the most. In addition, the size of the informal sector increased dramatically throughout the 1990s. Together, the surge in informal activity and the decline in sectoral earnings suggest that SA policies in Nicaragua have failed. Nonetheless, those who live in urban areas with high levels of education have been the most able to avoid the greatest costs associated with SA policies.
An Interpretation of Evangelical Gender Ideology: Implications for a Theology of Gender

One of the core findings in the sociology of religion literature regarding evangelicals is the penchant for the adoption of traditional family values. Despite the availability of alternative gender ideology models, evangelicals in general espouse a male headship and female domestic understanding of gender and concomitant domestic division of labor. There has been a "softening" of male headship language as this language is translated into a servant leadership model. This essay asks the question: What is the cost or impact for evangelicals to espouse a traditional model for gender ideology?
Monitoring Pharmacotherapy Response, Safety, and Tolerability to Enhance Adherence in Bipolar Disorder

Among patients with bipolar disorder, treatment nonadherence can be triggered by lack of response or by medication-induced adverse effects. To track treatment response, clinicians can have patients complete daily life and mood charts to provide accurate information over time on patients' mood, adherence, side effects, and life events. Rating scales like the CGI-BP are also an option for assessing treatment response. In addition, clinicians should monitor patients for common side effects related to bipolar depression treatments, such as sedation and weight gain/metabolic abnormalities, which lead to increased medical problems and shortened life expectancy. By implementing specific interventions to address these effects, clinicians can help promote optimal outcomes for patients with bipolar disorder.
Regulating Financial Services: How Severe are the Dangers?

The Financial Services Act has been variously criticised for obstructing competition and increasing operating costs for the producers of financial services in Britain. Robert R. Davis, Commissioner at the Commodity Futures Trading Commission in Washington DC, argues that there are ‘public-goods’ considerations to justify the imposition of the Act, and that its internal guarantees will check the growth of regulation. Len Ross, Principal Lecturer in Economics at the Polytechnic of Central London, maintains his earlier charge that the Act will do immense damage to British trade in financial services.