cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Meaning, Experiences, and Behaviors of Nurses Caring for Women With a Perinatal Loss

Poster Presentation Objective To explore the experiences of obstetric, postanesthesia, and emergency nurses in caring for women after fetal death. Design Qualitative study using focus group (FG) interviewing. Setting Two large, acute care hospitals with level 3 nurseries. Sample Four FGs were conducted involving 24 total participants. Participants were registered nurses currently working in labor and delivery, antepartum, postanesthesia, and emergency departments who have been employed for at least 1 year and had experience in caring for a patient with fetal loss. Methods The FG questions were carefully constructed based on the major concepts of Swanson's Theory of Caring: open‐ended, clear, appropriately sequenced, and supportive of the group process and response maximization. Participants also completed a brief demographic questionnaire. Interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim, and deidentified. Transcripts were then uploaded for coding by research team members. Analysis was conducted using a continuously emergent process of data collection, reduction, display, and interpretation. Team members coded the transcripts that were then compared for agreement. Any discrepancies in coding and theme identification were resolved through discussion and group consensus. Results Nurses in all areas of specialty demonstrated Swanson's nurse caring behaviors but used them preferentially according to situational exigencies and level of rapport developed with the patient. Themes that emerged from the data included Strategies for Coping in the Moment, Making Meaning of the Experience, Situations That Make Care Easier, Situations that Make Care More Difficult, and Priority of Care. Symptoms of compassion fatigue described by nurses included anger, intense sorrow, feeling incompetent, overwhelmed, exhausted, inconsolable, and having a desire to avoid patient care. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice Nurses who are indirectly exposed to trauma through their work are at high risk of developing compassion fatigue. There is limited research to identify whether nurses in obstetrics, emergency departments, and postanesthesia units who provide care to women who have experienced fetal death are at increased risk of developing compassion fatigue. Nurses try very hard to give the best care they can to women after fetal loss. In doing so, they make themselves vulnerable to compassion fatigue. Further research is needed to identify ways to support nurses as they provide care to these traumatized patients.
Escherichia coliFlavodoxin Sepharose as an Affinity Resin for Cytochromes P450 and Use to Identify a Putative Cytochrome P450c17/3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Interaction☆

Flavodoxin Sepharose (Fld Sepharose), a reagent originally developed to demonstrate an interaction between nativeEscherichia coliFld and cytochrome P450c17, has been synthesized, using highly expressed (7 μmol Fld/literE. coliculture) recombinantE. coliFld, for use as an affinity resin for microsomal cytochromes P450. As a test of the specificity of Fld Sepharose, we have examined the utility of this resin for purification of P450c17 and P450c21 from a relatively crude mixture of solubilized adrenocortical microsomal proteins. Chromatography of this mixture on Fld Sepharose resulted in a threefold enrichment of cytochrome P450 specific content without spectrally detectable P450 denaturation. Electrophoretic and immunoblot analyses of fractions eluted from the Fld Sepharose column revealed the presence of P450c17 and P450c21, both of which were sufficiently pure, after SDS–PAGE, for identification by N-terminal sequence analysis. Intriguingly, a major protein copurifying with P450c17 and P450c21 was identified as 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) which was subsequently found not to directly bind Fld Sepharose. Purified bovine 3β-HSD covalently linked to Sepharose can bind recombinant bovine P450c17, an interaction which is partially disrupted upon mild heat denaturation of P450c17 or by the nonionic detergent Emulgen. This interaction, however, does not appear to affect P450c17 hydroxylase and lyase activities as measuredin vitro.From these results, we propose that 3β-HSD and P450c17 may associate, perhaps as part of a steroidogenic complex, in the endoplasmic reticulum.
An oxide chain constructed from octamolybdate, a Keggin anion and a copper (II) – Tetrapyridylpyrazine binuclear unit

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of MoO3, CuSO4·5H2O, tetra-4-pyridylpyrazine (tpyprz), and diphenyldiarsonic acid in water at 140 °C for 48 h yielded the one-dimensional material [{Cu2(tpyprz)(H2O)3}2{Mo8O26}{Mo12O36(AsO4)}]·8H2O (1·8H2O). The chain structure of 1·8H2O is constructed from alternating β-octamolybdate clusters and molybdoarsonate Keggin clusters linked through {Cu2(tpyprz)(H2O)3}4+ binuclear subunits. The Cu(II) sites are inequivalent with one copper bonding to two pyridyl donors and a pyrazine nitrogen of one terminus of the tpyprz ligand, two aqua ligands and an oxo-group of the β - Mo 8 O 26 4 - cluster while the second copper site coordinates to the nitrogen donors of the other terminus of the tpyprz ligand, an aqua group, a terminal oxo-group of the β - Mo 8 O 26 4 - cluster and a terminal oxo-group of the mixed valence {Mo11VIMoVO36(AsO4)}4− cluster. Crystal data: C48H60AsCu4Mo20N12O80: FW = 4332.96 Triclinic P 1 ¯ , a = 12.5087(5) A, b = 13.6681(6) A, c = 14.8980(6) A, α = 92.196(1)°, β = 97.046(1)°, γ = 97.751(1)°, Z = 1, Dcalc = 2.877 g cm−3; structure solution and refinement based on 12,333 reflections (Mo Kα, λ = 0.71073 A) converged at R1 = 0.0540 and wR2 = 0.1115.
A Resolution Measurement Technique For Large Screen Displays

This paper describes the use of a metric called modulation depth to successfully characterize the resolution of any large screen display (LSD). In addition, a measurement technique was developed to provide for an accurate and repeatable determination of modulation depth. Resolution measurements made on commercially available LSDs with this technique demonstrate its utility in both development and production environments. Finally, a linear systems analysis calculates the modulation depth seen by the observer as a function of distance from the projection screen. This calculation is then related to the actual measurements obtained from the LSDs. As a result of this work, the resolution metric and associated measurement technique should form the basis for an LSD industry standard.
An EPR investigation of X-irradiated cyanoguanidine single crystals at -60°C and at room temperature

Abstract An EPR experiment on X-irradiated cyanoguanidine single crystals at −60°C and at room temperature indicates that the temperature-dependent fine broadening of the spectra is completely reversible over this temperature range. The experimental hyperfine coupling tensors determined at −60°C and at room temperature support a radical with structure H2NC(NH2NCHN. An EPR spectrum of a crystal grown from D2O and X-irradiated, as well as an INDO calculation, supports this radical assignment.
Behavioral economics and aging

Abstract Aging populations represent a growing health and economic challenge for many countries. While economists have studied aging extensively, the issue of aging has received less direct attention from the relatively younger field of behavioral economics. Nonetheless, many of the best-understood policies proposed by behavioral economics have implications for aging. In this paper, I review theoretical and empirical work in behavioral economics relevant to policies around global aging and highlight areas where more evidence is needed. I focus on interventions that encourage financial preparation for old age, policies that attempt to change health behaviors to mitigate the burden of non-communicable diseases and the implications of behavioral economics for policies that policies related to aging around health spending, insurance and regulation.
Identification and analysis of hydrostatic transmission system

The dynamic behavior of hydro-static transmission (HST) systems is studied experimentally and theoretically to formulate a linearized mathematical model of the HST system and a recursive identification model is then proposed. A computer-controlled test rig is developed and the system state responses are measured. The results obtained from the experimental work and the linearized models are used to build a recursive identification model in order to identify the system under study. Furthermore, comparisons among the experimental, simulated, and identified results are presented. These results show that recursive identification models are powerful tools that can be used for the identification and analysis of HST. Finally, parameter variations of the volume displacement and the motor torque are introduced to the system in order to study their effect on pressure and hydraulic motor speed.
Method Differences in Measuring Working Families’ Time

At the end of the 20th century, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation undertook a bold initiative by establishing seven multidisciplinary Centers across the U.S. The mission of these Centers was to examine the lives of workers at home and at work, with a special emphasis on dual-career parents, arguing that the American workplace had substantially changed. Most mothers with children under age 18 and fathers were now fully employed, and most families now had to fill three jobs instead of one-two earners and one caretaker. Even if mothers and fathers split household chores evenly, most adults were now responsible for more than one job (Christensen and Gomory 1999). Consequently, the Centers were charged with learning what impact work was having on managing their multiple roles and parenting responsibilities. Each of the Centers formulated a series of questions and unique approaches, collected different types of evidence, and analyzed their data in manners consistent with their disciplinary traditions. The richness and depth of the data across these Centers is striking; but their samples and methodological techniques are notably dissimilar, suggesting that synthesizing results would be problematic using meta-analysis (Hedges and Olkin 1985). Some of the studies have in-depth observations of small purposive samples, whereas other studies are based on larger representative samples. Thus a key role of the Centers has been to reconcile estimates across self-reports from representative samples with in-depth observational data from small purposive samples. This article describes studies undertaken by two of the Centers to examine where and how families spend their time together.
The Quake-Catcher Network: Citizen Science Expanding Seismic Horizons

The Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) is a seismic network that implements distributed/volunteer computing with the potential to provide critical earthquake information by filling in the gaps between traditional seismic stations. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors detect vibrations within the frequency range of local seismic waves (0.1–20 Hz), so any internet-connected computer with an internal or external MEMS accelerometer can become a strong-motion seismic station. The QCN, a distributed computing project, uses idle computer cycles and MEMS sensors to increase the number of seismic stations, which may soon provide faster and more accurate detection and characterization of moderate to large earthquakes. We present accelerograms and triggering analysis of an Mb 5.1 earthquake recorded by laptop MEMS accelerometers during early testing of the QCN system. In addition, we present here the advantages of distributed computing and MEMS accelerometers for seismic monitoring, as well as basic triggering algorithms. The QCN capitalizes on the main advantage of distributed computing—achieving large numbers of processors with low infrastructure costs—to provide a dense, large-scale seismic network. While MEMS accelerometers are less sensitive than typical broadband or short-period sensors, a higher number of stations is advantageous for both the study of earthquakes and, potentially, earthquake early warning (Allen and Kanamori 2003; Wurman et al. 2007). Volunteer computing reduces overhead by limiting instrument, operation, and maintenance costs associated with traditional seismic networks (Anderson et al. 2002). Distributed computing brings many advantages to the field of seismology. Data are analyzed on an individual's laptop or desktop, and only minimal data are transferred to a central server for further analyses. This differs from the traditional approach of uploading continuous waveform data to a central server for analysis (Allen and Kanamori 2003; Wurman et al. 2007). By pushing the analysis to the sensor level, a greater volume of seismic data …
A Small Molecule Promotes Mitochondrial Fusion in Mammalian Cells

Mitochondria are highly dynamic cellular organelles that continuously undergo fission and fusion. This dynamic nature plays a key role in regulating mitochondrial function, and also gives mitochondria their heterogeneous morphology. Disruption of the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, especially a shift towards fission, contributes to a variety of human disorders, including neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disease, and ischemia. In addition, fragmented mitochondria are early signs of activation of apoptosis, and fusion of mitochondria by genetic or chemical manipulation has been shown to have an anti-apoptotic effect. Thus, the identification of small molecules that modulate mitochondrial dynamics can provide useful tools to study mitochondrial function and may ultimately lead to new therapeutics. Here, we report the identification and preliminary biological characterization of the small molecule, M1, which significantly restores the mitochondrial tubular network in response to genetically or chemically induced fragmentation. Mitochondrial fusion is a two-step process in which the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (OMM and IMM, respectively) fuse separately, but in an ordered fashion. The core components of the mitochondrial fusion machinery are the OMM proteins, mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2), and the IMM protein, optic atrophy 1 (Opa1). Unlike wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (WT MEFs), which mainly have interconnected tubular mitochondria, Mfn1 Knockout (KO) MEFs exhibit severely and uniformly frag-
History and Physical Examination, Screening and Diagnostic Testing

The oral medicine specialist and oral pathologist are the disciplined subspecialists in dentistry who deal with oral disease and related systemic conditions. Dental colleagues are an invaluable resource for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases unfamiliar to the otolaryngologist. This article reviews the process of history taking, the physical examination, head and neck examination, oral soft tissue anatomy, the oral examination, and screening and diagnostic testing.
Dreams and conversions: a comparative analysis of catholic and Buddhist dreams in Ming and Qing China: Part I

Since the Church fathers, oneirology and dream revelations were regarded with considerable suspicion among theologians and ecclesiastical authorities, though dreams remained a powerful and pervasive feature of religious expression at a popular level. Among converts in Ming-Qing China, where lay initiatives were necessarily important given the paucity of European priests, holy dreams were crucial in the formation and consolidation of a powerful religious subculture. The following is a version of the keynote address delivered at the Fourth Biennial Meeting of the Religious History Society, in July 2004 in Newcastle, Australia.
Ageism as a Risk Factor for Chronic Disease

Ageism is one of the most socially condoned and institutionalized forms of prejudice in the United States. Older adults are discriminated against in employment, health care, and other domains. Exposure to unfavorable stereotypes adversely affects the attitudes, cognitions, and behavior of older adults. Recurrent experiences with negative stereotypes combined with discrimination may make ageism a chronic stressor in the lives of older adults. The way stress influences physical health is gaining increasing support. The weathering hypothesis (Geronimus, A. T. (1992) The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: Evidence and speculations. Ethnicity and Disease, 2, 207-221) posits that the cumulative effects of chronic objective and subjective stressors and high-effort coping cause deterioration of the body, premature aging, and associated health problems such as chronic diseases. Researchers have found empirical support for the weathering hypothesis as well as its theorized contribution to racial and ethnic health disparities. Although ageism is not experienced over the entire life course, as racism typically is, repeated exposure to chronic stressors associated with age stereotypes and discrimination may increase the risk of chronic disease, mortality, and other adverse health outcomes. I conclude with implications for practice in the helping professions and recommendations for future research. Ageism warrants greater recognition, social condemnation, and scientific study as a possible social determinant of chronic disease.
The effect of router buffer size on HighSpeed TCP performance

We study the effect of the IP router buffer size on the throughput of HighSpeed TCP (HSTCP). We are motivated by the fact that, in high speed routers, the buffer size is important, as a large buffer size might be a constraint. We first derive an analytical model for HighSpeed TCP and we show that for a small buffer size, equal to 10% of the bandwidth-delay product, HighSpeed TCP can achieve more than 90% of the bottleneck capacity. We also show that setting the buffer size equal to 20% can increase the utilization of HighSpeed TCP up to 98%. On the contrary, setting the buffer size to less than 10% of the bandwidth-delay product can decrease HighSpeed TCP's throughput significantly. We also study the performance effects under both DropTail and RED AQM (active queue management). Analytical results obtained using a fixed-point approach are compared to those obtained by simulation.
Robust sensor placements at informative and communication-efficient locations

When monitoring spatial phenomena with wireless sensor networks, selecting the best sensor placements is a fundamental task. Not only should the sensors be informative, but they should also be able to communicate efficiently. In this article, we present a data-driven approach that addresses the three central aspects of this problem: measuring the predictive quality of a set of sensor locations (regardless of whether sensors were ever placed at these locations), predicting the communication cost involved with these placements, and designing an algorithm with provable quality guarantees that optimizes the NP-hard trade-off. Specifically, we use data from a pilot deployment to build nonparametric probabilistic models called Gaussian Processes (GPs) both for the spatial phenomena of interest and for the spatial variability of link qualities, which allows us to estimate predictive power and communication cost of unsensed locations. Surprisingly, uncertainty in the representation of link qualities plays an important role in estimating communication costs. Using these models, we present a novel, polynomial-time, data-driven algorithm, PSPIEL, which selects Sensor Placements at Informative and communication-Efficient Locations. Our approach exploits two important properties of this problem: submodularity, formalizing the intuition that adding a node to a small deployment can help more than adding a node to a large deployment; and locality, under which nodes that are far from each other provide almost independent information. Exploiting these properties, we prove strong approximation guarantees for our PSPIEL approach. In addition, we show how our placements can be made robust against changes in the environment, and how PSPIEL can be used to plan informative paths for information gathering using mobile robots. We also provide extensive experimental validation of this practical approach on several real-world placement problems, and built a complete system implementation on 46 Tmote Sky motes, demonstrating significant advantages over existing methods.
Oil, Nontax Revenue, and the Redistributional Foundations of Regime Stability

Nontax revenues make up a substantial amount of government revenue around the world, though scholars usually focus on individual sources of such revenue (for example, foreign aid and state-owned oil companies). Using a theory of regime change that builds on recent models of the redistributional foundations of dictatorships and democracies, I generate hypotheses regarding all nontax revenue and regime stability. I argue that an increase in nontax revenue should be associated with less taxation of elites in democracies, more social spending in dictatorships, and more stability for both regime types. I find support for all three of these hypotheses in a cross-sectional time-series analysis, covering all countries and years for which the necessary data are available. Significantly, I show that the particular source of nontax revenue does not make a difference: they all act similarly with regard to regime stability and the causal mechanisms.
Tooth Loss, Apolipoprotein E, and Decline in Delayed Word Recall

Our previous research suggests an association between a low number of teeth and increased risk of dementia. The aim of the present study was to determine if a low number of teeth is specifically related to memory decline as evidenced by low Delayed Word Recall scores. In addition, we examined the combined effect of a low number of teeth and the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele on Delayed Word Recall scores. We hypothesized that the scores of those who had the allele and a low number of teeth (0-9) would decline more rapidly over time than those participants with a greater number of teeth who lacked the allele. We found that individuals with both risk factors (the allele and fewer teeth) had lower Delayed Word Recall scores at the first examination and declined more quickly compared with participants with neither of these risk factors or with either risk factor alone.
Transfer Functions for Xeroradiographs and Electronic Image Enhancement Systems

Xeroradiography has been felt by many radiologists to be diagnostically superior to no-screen x-ray films for mammography. Recently we have shown that Xeroradiography has a modulation transfer function similar to that of "soft focus masking" or "dodging" wherein low spatial frequencies are reduced almost to zero while frequencies near one line pair per millimeter are greatly accentuated. Since lower spatial frequencies contain information mostly about the size and shape of the breast while the higher ones presumably contain diagnostic information about small calcifications and blood vessel structure, it would appear that Xeroradio-graphy is able to present the spatial frequencies of interest with great contrast without exceeding the dynamic range of the powdered image in large sections.
A non‐linear model for the experimental measurement of utility

When a person has to choose between two or more situations, each involving certain risks, he presumably weighs the chances of the possible outcomes against the “worth” of these outcomes to him. His estimation of the chances is governed by his “subjective probabilities,” his relative preferences for the outcomes by his “utility function.” This paper explores ways of estimating the latter so as to predict individuals' choices among various bets, assuming the chances are known.
Status of Underground Coal Gasification: ABSTRACT

Underground coal gasification appears to be one of the most attractive routes for synfuels from coal because the process can produce methanol and substitute natural gas at prices competitive with existing energy sources. The technical feasibility of underground coal gasification has been well established by small-scale field tests. Cost estimates based on the resultant data are favorable. The environmental effects associated with the technology appear to be acceptable. Successful commercialization of the process would probably triple the proven reserves of United States coal, which would be sufficient to last for hundreds of years. At this stage of development, underground coal gasification is a high-risk technology and will remain so until large-scale field tests are successfully carried out. These tests are recommended by the Gas Research Institute and by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. A 7-yr program costing about $200 million would permit initial commercial production in 10 yr. End_of_Article - Last_Page 309------------
Infrared vibrational and electronic transitions in the dibenzopolyacene family

We report experimental spectra in the mid-infrared (IR) and near-IR for a series of dibenzoacenes isolated in Ar matrices. The experiments are supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations with both vibrational and electronic transitions studied. For the neutrals, we find good agreement between the experimental and B3LYP and BP86 results for all species studied. The band at about 1440 cm(-1) carries more intensity than in typical PAHs and increases in intensity with the size of the dibenzoacene molecule. For the ions the B3LYP approach fails to yield reasonable IR spectra for most systems and the BP86 approach is used. Electronic transitions dominate the vibrational bands in the mid-IR region for the large dibenzoacene ions. In spite of the very strong electronic transitions, there is still reasonable agreement between theory and experiment for the vibrational band positions. The experimental and theoretical results for the dibenzoacenes are also compared with those for the polyacenes.
Value Realization from Adoption of Integrated Electronic Health Records

While the U.S. government is making a significant investment in supporting the implementation of integrated electronic health records, the benefits of vendor supplied software in community health networks has not yet been clearly demonstrated. Four themes have been identified as not well researched and therefore limiting IT value research in general: (1) co-creation of IT value, (2) IT embededdness, (3) information mindset, and (4) intangible value [1]. We suggest that these four areas need to be addressed in order to demonstrate how value can be realized from implementation and integration of electronic health records. Focusing on these issues will not only help us assess benefits, but also elucidate the changes in work processes, organizational structures, and attitudes that will help promote benefit. We illustrate with findings from the first phase of a longitudinal study on adoption of a system that integrates ambulatory OB/GYN practices with the triage unit at an academic community hospital, using vendor supplied software.
Determining hardness of thin films in elastically mismatched film-on-substrate systems using nanoindentation

Abstract Nanoindentation has developed as a practical tool for determining the mechanical properties of thin films. In this paper, we develop a method for determining the hardness of thin films on substrates based on measurements of the contact stiffness vs. depth of indentation and prior knowledge of the elastic properties of the film and substrate. The method utilizes an analysis of contact stiffness vs. contact area for purely elastic indentation to correct for the effects of surface roughness and pile-up/sink-in on the contact area during elastic–plastic indentation of elastically mismatched film/substrate systems. We find the hardness to be essentially depth independent for indentation depths approaching the thickness of the film for several thin film/substrate systems. This new technique is described in detail and is applied to the nanoindentation of compliant films on stiff substrates (Al/Si and Al/sapphire) and stiff films on compliant substrates (W/Si and W/glass).
Response to high-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) therapy in patients with brain metastases from metastatic melanoma

e20007 Background: HD IL-2 has been shown to produce durable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the University of Minnesota's outcome...
Psychosocial Reasons Why Patrons Avoid Seeking Help from Librarians: A Literature Review

ABSTRACTPatrons avoid asking librarians for help for a variety of psychosocial reasons. These include academic goal orientation; degree of self-regulation; perceived threats to autonomy or self-esteem; desire to avoid being stereotyped; perceptions of librarians; and feelings of confusion, fear, or anxiety. Educational psychologists and college student services professionals have published research on help seeking that is directly relevant to library patrons’ behaviors. This review summarizes literature on the educational psychology of help seeking, help seeking in college student services, interpersonal dimensions of library reference services, library anxiety, the effect of librarian behaviors on patrons’ perceptions of help received, and preliminary findings on help seeking in online settings.
Presentation of Neonatal Sinovenous Thrombosis

Signs, risk factors, comorbidities, and radiographic findings in 59 neonates presenting with sinovenous thrombosis are reported from Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
Theoretical assessment of renal autoregulatory mechanisms.

A mathematical model of renal hemodynamics was used to assess the individual contributions of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism and the myogenic response to glomerular filtration rate r...
Efficient Rate Allocation in Wireless Networks Under Incomplete Information

In this technical note, we study the rate allocation problem for a generic wireless system. Assuming strategic users and incomplete information at the network side, we propose a novel auction mechanism that allows the network operator to efficiently conduct the task of rate allocation under incomplete information regarding the users' valuation. Central to our design is an iterative procedure that determines the correct interference price, which ensures that truth-telling is a dominant strategy for each user. The proposed strategy works for a large family of wireless systems, including those whose rate region are not given in closed-form.
24 ZYXIN IS INVOLVED IN THROMBIN SIGNALING VIA INTERACTION WITH PROTEASE-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR 1.

Introduction Thrombin-induced increase in endothelial monolayer permeability depends on reorganization of cytoskeletal structures. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) is the main receptor responsible for thrombin signaling in endothelial cells. Zyxin, a low-abundance phosphoprotein, serves as a molecular adaptor that mediates the productive juxtaposition of protein partners. Zyxin may participate in aspects of cytoskeletal assembly and dynamics by recruiting components of actin assembly machinery to specific sites in the cells. The subcellular distribution of zyxin is critical to its functions. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), thrombin stimulation induces zyxin targeting to actin stress fibers. We proposed that zyxin participates in thrombin induced cytoskeletal reorganization by interaction with PAR-1. Methods Coimmunoprecipitation and GST fusion protein pull-down assay were performed to identify the domains of zyxin to interact with carboxyl-terminal PAR-1 in COS-7 cells. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was utilized to observe the subcellular distribution of zyxin, PAR-1, actin stained with appropriate antibodies against these proteins. Zyxin-specific siRNA duplexes are generated to knock down the expression of endogenous zyxin. Results We showed that PAR-1 interacted with zyxin both in vitro and in vivo. We have shown that LIM domains 1 and 2 of zyxin interacted with C-terminal domain of PAR-1. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), thrombin promotes zyxin targeting to actin stress fibers. Down-regulation of zyxin using siRNA and disruption of the interaction between zyxin and PAR-1 resulted in reduced cellular responses to thrombin stimulation: actin stress fiber formation and serum response element (SRE)-dependent gene transcription. Zyxin-specific siRNA and C terminus of zyxin overexpression did not inhibit thrombin-induced RhoA activity, which plays a key role in thrombin-induced stress fiber formation and SRE activity and knockdown of endogenous zyxin could still attenuate the active RhoA-induced SRE activity, suggesting that zyxin may regulate thrombin-induced actin reorganization and SRE activity in an RhoA-independent manner. These results suggest that zyxin is involved in thrombin signaling by direct interaction with PAR-1.
Three-Dimensional Printed Modeling of an Arteriovenous Malformation Including Blood Flow.

Background Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a complex pathologic entity in terms of their associated angioarchitecture and blood flow dynamics. Methods Using existing imaging data, we generated a patient's giant AVM to scale. Results A series of 3-dimensional (3D) models were generated and blood flow dynamics were represented. Faculty and resident surveys were positive regarding the technology. Conclusions This report represents a novel application of 3D printing in neurosurgery and a means to model dynamic blood flow in 3 dimensions. The 3D printed models may improve on our ability to plan for and treat complex vascular pathologies.
Architecture Design of Management and Control System for Enterprise Virtual Private Network

Virtual private network(VPN) not only possesses the low cost,inexpensive fees,and excellent support advantages of the Internet,it also has the benefit of the security as the leased line.How to properly manage the VPN is an issue which the enterprise IT engineers have to take seriously.This research is based on the new network management technologies such as policy-based network management,mobile Agent,etc.,to design a VPN monitor and management system architecture.This system architecture integrates both VPN devices and general network devices,which can effectively assist the enterprise IT engineers to monitor and manage their enterprise VPNs in order to utilize the Internet resources,and to reduce the possible operation off time.
On similar matrices and their products

Let GL(n, q) be the group of n×n invertible matrices over a field with q elements, and SL(n, q) be the group of n×n matrices with determinant 1 over a field with q elements. We prove that the product of any two non-central conjugacy classes in GL(n, q) is the union of at least q−1 distinct conjugacy classes, and that the product of any two non-central conjugacy classes in SL(n, q) is the union of at least § q 2 ¨ distinct conjugacy classes
In rat tIMCD, NH 4 + uptake by Na+-K+-ATPase is critical to net acid secretion during chronic hypokalemia

The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of Na+ pump-mediated NH 4 + uptake in the terminal inner medullary collecting duct (tIMCD) at K+ and NH 4 + concentrations observed in vivo ...
Fault Modeling of Extreme Scale Applications Using Machine Learning

Faults are commonplace in large scale systems. These systems experience a variety of faults such as transient, permanent and intermittent. Multi-bit faults are typically not corrected by the hardware resulting in an error. This paper attempts to answer an important question: Given a multi-bit fault in main memory, will it result in an application error -- and hence a recovery algorithm should be invoked -- or can it be safely ignored?We propose an application fault modeling methodology to answer this question. Given a fault signature (a set of attributes comprising of system and application state), we use machine learning to create amodel which predicts whether a multi-bit permanent/transient mainmemory fault will likely result in error. We present the design elements such as the fault injection methodology for covering important data structures, the application and system attributes which should be used for learning the model, the supervised learning algorithms (and potentially ensembles), and important metrics. We use three applications -- NWChem, LULESH and SVM -- as examples for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed faultmodeling methodology.
Prediction of blunt traumatic injuries and hospital admission based on history and physical exam.

We evaluated the ability of experienced trauma surgeons to accurately predict specific blunt injuries, as well as patient disposition from the emergency department (ED), based only on the initial clinical evaluation and prior to any imaging studies. It would be hypothesized that experienced trauma surgeons’ initial clinical evaluation is accurate for excluding life-threatening blunt injuries and for appropriate admission triage decisions. Using only their history and physical exam, and prior to any imaging studies, three (3) experienced trauma surgeons, with a combined Level 1 trauma experience of over 50 years, predicted injuries in patients with an initial GCS (Glasgow Coma Score) of 14–15. Additionally, ED disposition (ICU, floor, discharge to home) was also predicted. These predictions were compared to actual patient dispositions and to blunt injuries documented at discharge. A total of 101 patients with 92 blunt injuries were studied. 43/92 (46.7 %) injuries would have been missed by only performing an initial history and physical exam (“Missed injury”). A change in treatment, though often minor, was required in 19/43 (44.2 %) of the missed injuries. Only 1/43 (2.3 %) of these “missed injuries” (blunt aortic injury) required surgery. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for injury prediction were 53.2, 95.9, and 92.3 % respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 53.8 and 95.8 % respectively. Prediction of disposition from the ED was 77.8 % accurate. In 7/34 (20.6 %) patients, missed injuries led to changes in disposition. “Undertriage” occurred in 9/99 (9.1 %) patients (Predicted for floor but admitted to ICU). Additionally, 8/84 (9.5 %) patients predicted for floor admission were sent home from the ED; and 5/13 (38.5 %) patients predicted for ICU admission were actually sent to the floor after complete evaluations, giving an “overtriage” rate of 13/99 (13.1 %) patients. In a neurologically-intact group of trauma patients, experienced trauma surgeons would have missed 46.7 % of the actual injuries, based only on their history and physical exam. Once accurate diagnoses of injuries were completed, usually with the help of CT scans, admission dispositions changed in 20.6 % of patients. Treatment changes occurred in 44.2 % of the missed injuries, though usually minimal. Broad elimination of early imaging studies in alert, blunt trauma patients cannot be advocated.
NLRC4 suppresses melanoma tumor progression independently of inflammasome activation

Members of the NLR family can assemble inflammasome complexes with the adaptor protein ASC and caspase-1 that result in the activation of caspase-1 and the release of IL-1β and IL-18. Although the NLRC4 inflammasome is known to have a protective role in tumorigenesis, there is an increased appreciation for the inflammasome-independent actions of NLRC4. Here, we utilized a syngeneic subcutaneous murine model of B16F10 melanoma to explore the role of NLRC4 in tumor suppression. We found that NLRC4-deficient mice exhibited enhanced tumor growth that was independent of the inflammasome components ASC and caspase-1. Nlrc4 expression was critical for cytokine and chemokine production in tumor-associated macrophages and was necessary for the generation of protective IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Tumor progression was diminished when WT or caspase-1-deficient, but not NLRC4-deficient, macrophages were coinjected with B16F10 tumor cells in NLRC4-deficient mice. Finally, examination of human primary melanomas revealed the extensive presence of NLRC4+ tumor-associated macrophages. In contrast, there was a paucity of NLRC4+ tumor-associated macrophages observed in human metastatic melanoma, supporting the concept that NLRC4 expression controls tumor growth. These results reveal a critical role for NLRC4 in suppressing tumor growth in an inflammasome-independent manner.
Translational lab-to-clinic hurdles in stem cell therapy

Several experimental therapeutics have been demonstrated to be safe and effective in animal models of neurological disorders, but have failed when they reached the clinic. Postulated factors that affected the poor clinical outcomes include the lack of proper treatment controls and clinically relevant animal models. This failure of lab-to-clinic translation has plagued many neuroprotective drugs for stroke. With this in mind, the stem cell therapy field has cautiously approached translating stem cell products for clinical application, in that a negative clinical trial may hinder the entire regenerative medicine therapeutics. Here, we discuss the many translational challenges associated with stem cell therapy in the setting of stroke.
Multi-view facial expression recognition

The ability to handle multi-view facial expressions is important for computers to understand affective behavior under less constrained environment. However, most of existing methods for facial expression recognition are based on the near-frontal view face data, which are likely to fail in the non-frontal facial expression analysis. In this paper, we conduct an investigation on analyzing multi-view facial expressions. Three local patch descriptors (HoG, LBP, and SIFT) are used to extract facial features, which are the inputs to a nearest-neighbor indexing method that identifies facial expressions. We also investigate the influence of feature dimension reductions (PCA, LDA, and LPP) and classifier fusion on the recognition performance. We test our approaches on multi-view data generated from BU-3DFE 3D facial expression database that includes 100 subjects with 6 emotions and 4 intensity levels. Our extensive person-independent experiments suggest that the SIFT descriptor outperforms HoG and LBP, and LPP outperforms PCA and LDA in this application. But the classifier fusion does not show a significant advantage over SIFT-only classifier.
tcpl: the ToxCast pipeline for high-throughput screening data.

Motivation Large high-throughput screening (HTS) efforts are widely used in drug development and chemical toxicity screening. Wide use and integration of these data can benefit from an efficient, transparent and reproducible data pipeline. Summary: The tcpl R package and its associated MySQL database provide a generalized platform for efficiently storing, normalizing and dose-response modeling of large high-throughput and high-content chemical screening data. The novel dose-response modeling algorithm has been tested against millions of diverse dose-response series, and robustly fits data with outliers and cytotoxicity-related signal loss. Availability and implementation tcpl is freely available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network under the GPL-2 license. Contact martin.matt@epa.gov.
Statistics and the detection of scientific misconduct

The paper by Bolland et al.1 in this issue had a longer “gestation” than usual at Neurology ®; it was received on December 4, 2015. We usually review on a tight timeline and publish important work quickly. But this manuscript has a different focus as it presents a statistical analysis that demonstrates probable scientific misconduct (fraud) on a large scale. It is also unique in that its analysis uses complicated methods that may be beyond what most readers are willing to tackle. However, the bottom line is simple: there are statistical methods that, when properly applied, can detect fraudulent behavior by investigators. Clinical trial data can thereby be validated or called into question. In this instance, analysis of a collection of studies by a large research group suggested that at least some of the studies were likely to be fraudulent.
Engines of tourism's growth: An examination of efficacy of shift-share regression analysis in South Carolina

Abstract This study investigates the efficacy of the shift-share regression analysis in examining the tourism industry's performance in a region. Tourism employment figures in the state of South Carolina are used to model and compute the change of employment in SC using shift-share regression and classical shift-share analysis (SSA). These methods yield significantly different results challenging the reliability of the non-statistical methods used in much of the relevant literature. The results from the shift-share regression analysis illustrate that the contribution of the tourism industry in SC to the tourism industry in the U.S. and to overall U.S. economy has decreased over the years. Contrary to the expectations, SC as tourism dependent State is not specialized in the tourism industry and demonstrate competitive disadvantage. While other industries appear to contribute more to the SC economy than the State's tourism industry, proper development policies and strategies could help capitalize on State's tourism potential.
Allan R. Sanford (1927–2016)

Allan (Al) R. Sanford, professor of geophysics, emeritus, at New Mexico Tech (NMT) passed away quietly at his home in Woodinville, Washington, on 9 August 2016. He was 89. Al was a pioneer in the recording and interpretation of microearthquake seismograms. For decades, he was the leading authority concerning seismicity across New Mexico and within the Rio Grande rift (RGR). He published numerous papers with graduate students and colleagues on the unique, high‐amplitude reflected phases seen on Socorro‐area microearthquake records. Al and his students eventually attributed these phases to the presence of an extensive midcrustal magmatic sill now known as the Socorro Magma Body (SMB). Figure 1. Allan R. Sanford (1927–2016) Al was born in Pasadena, California. He attended Pomona College, but then entered the Navy to train as a radar specialist during the final 18 months of World War II. Back at Pomona following the war, he completed a B.S. degree in physics in 1949. He then spent time as the “computer” on a seismic crew prospecting for oil across the western United States. This experience led him to graduate school at California Institute of Technology where he gained knowledge in seismology while working for C. F. Richter and he completed his doctorate in geophysics under the guidance of C. H. Dix in 1958. Al was employed as a professor at NMT in Socorro from 1957 to 1997 where he taught courses in exploration geophysics and earthquake seismology, and supervised the research projects of about 50 masters students and about one dozen doctoral students. He joined Seismological Society of …
Stylet biogenesis in Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae).

Abstract The discovery of ‘ Ca . Liberibacter solanacearum’, causal agent of certain solanaceous and apiaceous crop diseases, inside the functional (intrastadial) and pharate stylet anatomy of the potato psyllid prompted elucidation of the mechanism of stylet replacement as a novel exit portal in the transmission pathway. In Hemiptera, presumptive (formative) stylets, secreted during consecutive pharate instars, replace functional stylets lost with the exuviae. In potato psyllids, each functional stylet has a hollow core filled with a cytology that extends out of the core to form a hemispherical aggregate of cells, the ‘end-cap’, somewhat resembling a golf ball on a tee. A tightly folded mass of extremely thin cells, the ‘matrix’, occurs inside the end-cap. Micrograph interpretations indicate that during the pharate stage, the end-cap apolyses from the core and ‘deconstructs’ to release and expand the matrix into a long, coiled tube, the ‘atrium’. Cells that were in contact with the inner walls of the functional stylet core maintain their position at the apex of the tube, and secrete a new stylet, apex first, the growing length of which descends into the tube until completed. They then despool from the coils into their functional position as the exuviae is shed.