cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interdependence of magnetic field and plasma pressures in cusp diamagnetic cavities

[1] We examine Polar data for several high-altitude cusp crossings to characterize “Cusp Diamagnetic Cavities” (CDCs). In particular, we determine the relationship between the magnetic field and thermal pressure of the local plasma. The cusp is characterized by high density and the presence of stagnant solar wind plasma throughout. The CDCs represent a distinct region within the cusp, possessing a depressed and turbulent magnetic field in addition to the other cusp properties. We find the CDCs are colocated with “Cusp Energetic Particle” (CEP) events. In CDCs, depressions in the field are strongly correlated to local enhancements in plasma density and thus pressure, supporting the “diamagnetic” label. No correlation between field and plasma is found in the cusp outside of the CDC. The colocation of CDCs and CEP events suggests constraints on the origin of CEPs.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanesulfonic and -phosphonic Acids on Amorphous Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

We have functionalized amorphous Fe2O3 nanoparticles with alkanesulfonic and octadecanephosphonic acids. TEM reveals nanoparticles 5−10 nm in diameter. FTIR spectra suggest that while in all cases the alkyl chains are packed in a solid-like arrangement, packing disorder increased with decreasing chain length. TGA of the sulfonic acid-functionalized Fe2O3 nanoparticles shows that moieties started to decompose and desorb from the iron oxide surface at about 260 °C. In the case of the octadecanephosphonic acid (OPA)-functionalized Fe2O3, moieties started to decompose and desorb at 340 °C. It is suggested that free Fe−OH groups can serve as proton donors to assist in the sulfonic acid desorption process and that because of the diprotic nature of the phosphonic acid these free surface Fe−OH groups may no longer be available. Among all, the octadecanesulfonic acid coating displays the lowest magnetization, which may be explained by the high packing and ordering of the alkyl chains on the particle surface. The s...
A method to determine activation thresholds in fMRI paradigms

Determining meaningful activation thresholds in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms is complicated by several factors. These include the time-series nature of the data, the influence of physiological rhythms (e.g. respiration) and vacillations introduced by the experimental design (e.g. cueing). We present an empirical threshold for each subject and each fMRI experiment that takes these factors into account. The method requires an additional fMRI data set as similar to the experimental paradigm as possible without dichotomously varying the experimental task of interest. A letter fluency task was used to illustrate this method. This technique differs from classical methods since the Pearson correlation probability values tabulated from statistical theory are not used. Rather, each subject defines his or her own set of threshold probability values for correlations. It is against these empirical thresholds, not Pearson's, that an experimental fMRI correlation is assessed.
Cryptography and public policy

Abstract Cryptography has been at the center of an often obscure but bitterly fought policy battle for the past several years. The National Research Council (NRC), at the request of Congress, compiled a comprehensive review of national cryptography policy. The NRC’s report, Cryptography’s Role in Securing the Information Society , presents its view on national cryptography policy in force at the time the report was released. The Executive Summary from that report is reprinted, followed by a description of major events since the report was released in May 1996 through mid-1997.
Screening Couples for Intimate Partner Violence

This article’s goals are to (a) sensitize couple and family therapists to the problem of intimate partner violence (IPV), (b) help therapists screen couples for violence, and (c) discuss some key considerations when there is abuse or risk of abuse. Although this article focuses on male-to-female violence because it is more prevalent and harmful, there is also female-to-male violence and violence in same-sex couples. IPV encompasses any intimate relationship and it occurs among all age groups, ethnicities, denominations, and socioeconomic groups. The use of survey questionnaires may be the most effective way to detect the presence of IPV. Detection of IPV is more likely when interviews are done separately and when direct and specific questions are asked. If there is violence present, steps must be taken to ensure safety. Treatment should be selected carefully to ensure best outcomes. A written nonviolence contract can be helpful that includes proactive components to help prevent violence and consequences if limits are breached. There are programs of domestic violence–focused couples’ treatment that are being developed. Screening all couples for violence is important because of the prevalence of IPV. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Quantitative high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of plasma and tissue levels of 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine (metoprine) and its application to the measurement of brain capillary permeability coefficients

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for metoprine levels in aqueous media, serum, and tissue extracts has been developed that can measure concentrations of the drug in the 25-100 ng range with accuracy, reproducibility, and ease. The half-time for metoprine disappearance from rat plasma and capillary permeability coefficients for metroprine in rate brain tissue determined with this method are in excellent agreement with values determined for related drugs using labeled compounds.
Electrostatic Droplet Growth in a Neutrally Buoyant Emulsion

Droplet growth is examined in a water-in-oil type emulsion where the droplets are subjected exclusively to viscous and dielectrophoretic forces. The latter are produced by the interaction of the droplets with an otherwise uniformly imposed electric field. Theoretical considerations are presented as a basis for understanding and interpreting the experiments. An emulsion consisting of deionized water droplets in a silicone oil of specific gravity I is subjected to a uniform 60 Hz, ac electrostatic field. Initially, the droplets are fairly monodisperse with mean diameters of approximately 25 , sm. The changes in droplet size distributions with time are examined with a laser diffraction system for water volume fractions ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 and applied fields ranging from 52 to 520 kVm-1. The average droplet size increases exponentially with time; we examine the exponent's dependence on average field strength and droplet volume fraction.
Genetics and Medicine in the United States: 1800-1922

This book investigates the relationship between developments in the science of genetics and the clinical practice of medicine in the United States. Rushton shows how physicians first doubted, then slowly accepted, the relevance of Mendel's work for human heredity. The modern synthesis of cytology and genetics, which explained the inheritance of specific characters by the segregation of genes on the chromosomes of egg and sperm, was widely discussed in the medical community by 1910. By 1915, physicians began to recognize that the transmission of such human disorders as haemophilia, Huntington chorea, and Tay-Sachs disease fit the Mendelian model. Yet by the early 1920s, Rushton explains, progress had reached a near standstill. First, physicians were becoming convinced that genetic illness was relatively rare compared with such bacteriological diseases as tuberculosis, which posed a far more visible threat to public health. In addition, many physicians permitted their ethical objections to eugenics theories, increasingly embraced by genetics researchers, to colour their judgment of the research itself.
The contrast sensitivity function and childhood amblyopia.

We measured contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity in both eyes of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopic patients. There was a linear relationship between contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. As visual acuity decreased, the contrast sensitivity function decreased along the contrast sensitivity axis, and peak sensitivity shifted to lower spatial frequencies. After patching therapy, when visual acuity reached 20/20 in each eye, suggesting that the amblyopia was cured, there continued to be a statistically significant difference in the contrast sensitivity functions between the eyes. The contrast sensitivity function from the previously amblyopic eye was depressed compared to the nonamblyopic eye. A comparison between patients with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia showed that, when matched for visual acuity, the contrast sensitivity functions were similar for both the nonamblyopic and amblyopic eyes. However, a large difference was found between the amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes of each group.
Microstructural modeling of metadynamic recrystallization in hot working of IN 718 superalloy

The hot deformation behavior of IN 718 superalloy has been characterized in the temperature range 900–1100°C and strain rate range 0.001–1.0 s−1 using compression tests on process annealed material, with a view to obtain a correlation between grain size and the process parameters. At a strain rate of 0.001 s−1, the material exhibits dynamic recrystallization (DRx) at 975°C and superplasticity at 1100°C, while metadynamic recrystallization (MDRx) occurs in the temperature range 950–1100°C and strain rate range 0.01–1.0 s−1. Unlike in the DRx domain, the grain size (d) variation in the MDRx regime could not be correlated with the standard Zener–Hollomon (Z) parameter due to strong thermal effects during cooling after hot deformation. However, it follows an equation of the type d=cexp(−Q/RT), where c, p and R are constants, Q the activation energy for MDRx and T the temperature. The value of p is very low (0.028) and the apparent activation energy is about 275 kJ mole−1, which is very close to that for self-diffusion in pure nickel. The data obtained from several investigators are in agreement with this equation. Such an equation combines the mild dynamic effect in MDRx with a stronger post-deformation cooling effect and may be used for predicting the grain size of IN 718 hot forged in the MDRx regime.
Decomposition of Water by Light

WE wish to direct attention to two simple cases in which the decomposition of water (or some other oxidation-reduction reaction) can be effected by light of practically any wave-length, and which may play some part in Nature1,2.
A standardized method for determination of crown margin fidelity

Previous research on crown margin fidelity is reviewed and methods of measurement are compared and scrutinized. A standardized method for the determination of crown margin fidelity is introduced. A biologically oriented rationale is presented for analysis of the measurement parameters. This system places a strong emphasis on measuring factors that impact upon accumulation of plaque and the microbiologic environment around crowns, ultimately affecting gingival health. Crown samples were cemented on master dies and were embedded for sectioning buccolingually and mesiodistally. Photographs of margins with plastic overlays indicating emergence profiles were used to determine vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies. Three observers measured seven crown systems for the vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies of each crown system. The interobserver variance was 10 microns for the horizontal and 9 microns for the vertical marginal discrepancy.
Factorization and Resultants of Partial Differential Operators

Comparatively little is known about commutative rings of partial differential operators, while in the ordinary case, concrete examples and an algebraic(-geometric) structure can be algorithmically determined for large classes. In this note, by the calculation of the partial μ-shifted differential resultant which we defined in a previous paper, we produce algebraic equations of spectral surfaces for commutative rings in two variables, and Darboux transformations of Airy-type operators that correspond to morphisms of surfaces. There are, however, many elementary differential-algebraic statements that we only observe experimentally, thus we offer open questions which seem to us quite significant in differential algebra, and access to Mathematica code to enable further experimentation.
An examination of the effects of wind turbulence on the aerodynamic drag of vehicles

Abstract Data from wind-tunnel and full-scale measurements of the aerodynamic drag on trucks are used to illustrate the effects of wind turbulence. An attempt has been made to estimate these effects using a quasi-steady average of smooth-flow wind-tunnel data, allowing the data to be adjusted to better represent road conditions. The theory does not completely explain the behaviour observed in turbulence conditions although some of the general trends found in turbulent-flow wind-tunnel tests are predicted.
Analysis of instability and response of reactors with rectangular hysteresis loop core material in series with capacitors

An exact analysis is given for a reactor having an idealized magnetization characteristic consisting of two linear regions of zero inductance, interrupted by a linear region of infinite inductance, when connected in series with a load comprising of capacitance and resistance under the action of a sinusoidal applied voltage. The recent developments in core materials have introduced magnetic materials such as Deltamax? and Orthonol? which have magnetization characteristic, at high values of saturation, approximating the ideal case. Thus the results obtained on the basis of an idealized analysis show good correlation with practical results obtained by experimenting on Deltamax cores. The circuit analyzed is the simplest circuit exhibiting an unstable and multivalued behavior attributed by several authors to a nonlinear resonance, sometimes referred to as ferro-resonance phenomenon. Since the ideal magnetization characteristic assumed, consisting of regions of zero and infinite inductance, could not resonate with the finite load capacitance, the behavior of the circuit is explained by a different approach.
Semidefinite programming based algorithms for sensor network localization

An SDP relaxation based method is developed to solve the localization problem in sensor networks using incomplete and inaccurate distance information. The problem is set up to find a set of sensor positions such that given distance constraints are satisfied. The nonconvex constraints in the formulation are then relaxed in order to yield a semidefinite program that can be solved efficiently.The basic model is extended in order to account for noisy distance information. In particular, a maximum likelihood based formulation and an interval based formulation are discussed. The SDP solution can then also be used as a starting point for steepest descent based local optimization techniques that can further refine the SDP solution.We also describe the extension of the basic method to develop an iterative distributed SDP method for solving very large scale semidefinite programs that arise out of localization problems for large dense networks and are intractable using centralized methods.The performance evaluation of the technique with regard to estimation accuracy and computation time is also presented by the means of extensive simulations.Our SDP scheme also seems to be applicable to solving other Euclidean geometry problems where points are locally connected.
Transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections without electrocautery using the Seldinger technique

Background: Complications of endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections arise from entry through the gastrointestinal wall. We describe transmural drainage of these collections using the Seldinger technique without electrocautery. Methods: From January 1995 to September 1997, we attempted endoscopic transmural drainage of 94 consecutive pancreatic fluid collections without EUS guidance (needle-knife entry in 51, Seldinger entry technique in 43). Success of entry and complications were compared. Results: Successful entry was achieved in 95.3% using the Seldinger technique and 92.1% using the needle-knife entry technique (p = NS). Complications of bleeding and perforation were seen in 4.6% of patients in the Seldinger group and 15.7% in the needle-knife entry group. Conclusions: The Seldinger technique of endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections appears effective and safer than entry using the needle-knife. Collections as small as 3 cm in diameter can be entered using the Seldinger technique without EUS guidance.
The relationship between multidrug resistance and glucosylceramide levels: an opportunity for combined therapies.

Commentary to:Co-suppression of MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) and GCS（glucosylceramide synthase）restores sensitivity to multidrug resistance breast cancer cells by RNA interference (RNAi)Xiaofang Zhang, Juan Li, Zhengang Qiu, Peng Gao, Xiaojuan Wu, Genyin Zhou
Endotoxin-induced Cardiac Depression is Associated with Decreased Cardiac Dihydropyridine Receptors in Rabbits

Endotoxin depresses left ventricular (LV) contractility independently of alterations in loading conditions, acidosis, or hypoxia (Hung and Lew, 1993a). We evaluated if endotoxin-induced LV depression is associated with a decrease in functionall-type calcium channels, as reflected by the number of dihydropyridine receptors measured by [3H]-PN200-110 binding. New Zealand white rabbits were instrumented with sonomicrometers to measure the end-systolic pressure–volume relationship after i.v. saline (group I,n=6), 5μg/kg endotoxin (group II,n=6), or 10μg/kg endotoxin (group III,n=6). The end-systolic volume (ESV) measured at a matched end-systolic pressure did not change significantly over 6 h in group I (ESV changed by <5±2%s.e.) and group II (ESV changed by <3±2%), but increased markedly in group III (ESV increased 70±24%,P<0.05), indicating LV systolic depression. We measured [3H]-PN200-110 binding in crude membrane homogenates from the left ventricle. There was a dose-dependent decrease in Bmax: 75±5 fmol/mg protein in group I, 62±3 fmol/mg in group II, and 56±5 fmol/mg in group III (P=0.02 by ANOVA). Since the majority of dihydropyridine receptors are functionall-type calcium channels in rabbits (Lewet al., 1991), we conclude that a decreased number of dihydropyridine receptors contributes to endotoxin-induced LV depression.
The nursing assistants' communication style and the behavioral symptoms of dementia in Korean-American nursing home residents

Few studies examined the association between communication style and behavioral symptoms of dementia (BSD). The communication style of Nursing Assistants' (NAs), whose ethnic background is different from the residents, may contribute to BSD. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between non-Korean NAs' communication style and BSD in Korean-American (KA) nursing home residents with dementia. Twenty eight NAs and 20 KA residents were recruited from an ethno-specific nursing home. Research assistants observed and recorded NAs' communication style and residents' behavior simultaneously during routine care for 3 days. This study shows a trend that NAs' dementia and culturally appropriate communication style influenced the decreased behavioral symptoms. This finding suggests the need for training for NAs in dementia and culturally appropriate communication.
Nonlinear dynamics of shear flows and plasma rotation in a simple laboratory plasma system

Nonlinear turbulent-shear flow interactions are directly measured in a cylindrical helicon plasma device and found to lead to the development of an azimuthally symmetric radially sheared azimuthal flow by the action of a turbulent Reynolds stress which transfers kinetic energy into the large-scale shear flow. Radially resolved measurements of the nonlinear kinetic energy transfer show that the flow is driven at the plasma boundary; temporally resolved flow measurements show a penetration of the resulting azimuthal flow into the central plasma region. The results provide an initial qualitatively test of theoretical predictions, and suggest how similar studies might be carried out in confinement devices.
Charcot spine as a late complication of traumatic spinal cord injury

Charcot spine, also known as neuropathic spinal arthropathy, is a late complication of traumatic spinal cord injury that can produce pain and further disability. We report five cases of Charcot spine occurring in patients with previous traumatic spinal cord injury that we have identified at our institution from 1985 to 1994. All patients had complete paraplegia with levels of neurologic injury ranging from T7 to T12. Common presenting symptoms included back pain, loss of spasticity, change in bladder function, and audible noises with motion. The diagnosis of Charcot spine was made from 6 to 31 years after original spinal cord injury. In four cases where a surgical fusion had been performed, the Charcot joint developed within two spinal segments below the caudal end of the fusion. Radiological studies, especially plain films and computed tomography, were helpful in making the diagnoses. Immobilization of the affected joint is an essential element of treatment. Surgical repair and stabilization were performed in four patients and has been recommended to the other patient. Early diagnosis and proper treatment is important in preventing the progression of this disorder.
Radiation therapy for primary breast cancer: some of the answers are in.

Radiation therapy as the primary therapy for breast cancer is briefly reviewed, and the interaction between surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation therapists in primary breast cancer management is discussed. The author points out that certain forms of breast cancer can be treated with radiotherapy and local excision as opposed to mastectomies. (JMT)
Matrix transformations and Walsh's equiconvergence theorem

In 1977, Jacob defines G&#945;, for any 0&#8804;&#945;&#60;&#8734;, as the set of all complex sequences x such that |xk|1/k&#8804;&#945;. In this paper, we apply Gu&#8722;Gv matrix transformation on the sequences of operators given in the famous Walsh's equiconvergence theorem, where we have that the difference of two sequences of operators converges to zero in a disk. We show that the Gu&#8722;Gv matrix transformation of the difference converges to zero in an arbitrarily large disk. Also, we give examples of such matrices.
Basis of chloride transport in ciliary epithelium.

The aqueous humor is formed by the bilayered ciliary epithelium. The pigmented ciliary epithelium (PE) faces the stroma and the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPE) contacts the aqueous humor. Cl− secretion likely limits the rate of aqueous humor formation. Many transport components underlying Cl− secretion are known. Cl− is taken up from the stroma into PE cells by electroneutral transporters, diffuses to the NPE cells through gap junctions and is released largely through Cl− channels. Recent work suggests that significant Cl− recycling occurs at both surfaces of the ciliary epithelium, providing the basis for modulation of net secretion. The PE-NPE cell couplet likely forms the fundamental unit of secretion; gap junctions within the PE and NPE cell layers are inadequate to maintain constancy of ionic composition throughout the epithelium under certain conditions. Although many hormones, drugs and signaling cascades are known to have effects, a persuasive model of the regulation of aqueous humor formation has not yet been developed. cAMP likely plays a central role, potentially both enhancing and reducing secretion by actions at both surfaces of the ciliary epithelium. Among other hormone receptors, A3 adenosine receptors likely alter intraocular pressure by regulating NPE-cell Cl− channel activity. Recently, functional evidence for the regional variation in ciliary epithelial secretion has been demonstrated; the physiologic and pathophysiologic implications of this regional variation remain to be addressed.
A Spectroscopic Determination of Scattering Lengths for Sodium Atom Collisions.

We report a preliminary value for the zero magnetic field Na 2S(f = 1, m = - 1) + Na 2S(f = 1, m = - 1) scattering length, a1,-1. This parameter describes the low-energy elastic two-body processes in a dilute gas of composite bosons and determines, to a large extent, the macroscopic wavefunction of a Bose condensate in a trap. Our scattering length is obtained from photoassociative spectroscopy with samples of uncondensed atoms. The temperature of the atoms is sufficiently low that contributions from the three lowest partial waves dominate the spectrum. The observed lineshapes for the purely long-range [Formula: see text] molecular state enable us to establish key features of the ground state scattering wavefunction. The fortuitous occurrence of a p-wave node near the deepest point (Re = 72 a0) of the [Formula: see text] potential curve is instrumental in determining a1,-1 = (52 ± 5) a0 and a2,2 = (85 ± 3) a0, where the latter is for a collision of two Na 2S(f = 2, m = 2) atoms.
Somatic mitosis in Ceratobasidium flavescens and Pellicularia koleroga.

Somatic nuclear divisions of Ceratobasidium flavescens and Pellicularia koleroga were studied with the HCl-Giemsa technique. Nuclear divisions in both species were found to be mitotic. Chromosomes,...
Mutations in Citizenship

Mutations in citizenship are crystallized in an ever-shifting landscape shaped by the flows of markets, technologies, and populations. We are moving beyond the citizenship-versus-statelessness model. First, the elements of citizenship (rights, entitlements, etc.) are becoming disarticulated from each other, and becoming re-articulated with universalizing criteria of neoliberalism and human rights. Such 'global assemblages' define zones of political entitlements and claims. Second, the space of the 'assemblage', rather than the national terrain, becomes the site for political mobilizations by diverse groups in motion. Three contrasting configurations are presented. In the EU zone, unregulated markets and migrant flows challenge liberal citizenship. In Asian zones, foreigners who display self-enterprising savoire faire gain rights and benefits of citizenship. In camps of the disenfranchised or displaced, sheer survival becomes the ground for political claims. Thus, particular constellations shape specific problems and resolutions to questions of contemporary living, further disarticulating and deterritorializing aspects of citizenship.
Factors Affecting the Catalytic Activity of Pd/ZrO2for the Combustion of Methane

Abstract The catalytic combustion of CH4has been investigated over Pd/ZrO2with the aim of identifying how the state of oxidation of the Pd affects the catalytic activity, particularly at low temperatures. It is found that fully reduced Pd is inactive and that the activity increases at 533 K until a plateau in activity is achieved when 6–7 ML of PdO have formed over the surface of the Pd crystallites. The maximum activity is identical to that for fully oxidized Pd. Examination of the PdO formed under reaction conditions and during oxidation in O2at 533 K reveals some differences. Temperature-programmed reduction in CH4and Raman spectroscopy demonstrate that the oxide formed under reaction conditions is largely crystalline PdO, whereas the oxide formed in O2is a mixture of amorphous and crystalline PdO. The crystalline form of PdO is found to reduce more readily than the amorphous form. It is observed that the low-temperature CH4combustion activity of PdO can be enhanced by producing a small amount of metallic Pd on the surface of PdO. The metallic Pd is more effective than PdO for the dissociative adsorption of CH4. It is hypothesized that the products of CH4adsorption on Pd, Hsand CHx,s(x=3–1), rapidly diffuse to the Pd/PdO interface and then reduce the PdO to Pd. The effects of metallic Pd cannot be sustained, though, under steady-state conditions, because the metallic Pd is oxidized back to PdO.
Time to cast a larger net

Neutrophils sense the size of microbial targets and respond via 'NETosis' when targets are too big to internalize and contain via phagocytosis.
Distance and parallelism between flats in Rn

Abstract A simple matrix formula for the distance between two flats or affine spaces of ⊙R n is derived. The geometry of intersection and of the degree of parallelism of two flats is elucidated.
Differential Operators on Graphs and Photonic Crystals

Studying classical wave propagation in periodic high contrast photonic and acoustic media naturally leads to the following spectral problem: −Δu=λeu, where e(x) (the dielectric constant) is a periodic function that assumes a large value e near a periodic graph Σ in R2 and is equal to 1 otherwise. High contrast regimes lead to appearence of pseudo-differential operators of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann type on graphs. The paper contains a technique of approximating these pseudo-differential spectral problems by much simpler differential ones that can sometimes be resolved analytically. Numerical experiments show amazing agreement between the spectra of the pseudo-differential and differential problems.
Serum-induced thrombosis. Studies of its induction, and evolution under controlled conditions in vivo

A simple, reproducible, physiologic technic is delineated for the production and study of thromboembolism. The method is based on the observation that the infusion of serum, in striking contrast to plasma, induces massive thrombosis in vascular segments containing stagnant blood far removed from the site of infusion. Data are presented on the nature of the thrombosis-inducing activity of canine and human serum, on the effect of serum infusions on recipient animals, and on the morphology of the induced thrombus. The adaptability of this method to the study of a variety of thromboembolic phenomena in man is described.
Lilly Lecture 2003: The Struggle for Mastery in Insulin Action: From Triumvirate to Republic

Type 2 diabetes arises from a combination of impaired insulin action and defective pancreatic beta-cell function. Classically, the two abnormalities have been viewed as distinct yet mutually detrimental processes. The combination of impaired insulin-dependent glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and impaired beta-cell function causes an increase of hepatic glucose production, leading to a constellation of tissue abnormalities that has been referred to as the diabetes "ruling triumvirate." Targeted mutagenesis in mice has led to a critical reappraisal of the integrated physiology of insulin action. These studies indicate that insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue does not necessarily lead to hyperglycemia, so long as insulin sensitivity in other tissues is preserved. Additional data suggest a direct role of insulin signaling in beta-cell function and regulation of beta-cell mass, thus raising the possibility that insulin resistance may be the overarching feature of diabetes in all target tissues. I propose that we replace the original picture of a ruling triumvirate with that of a squabbling republic in which every tissue contributes to the onset of the disease.
Conjugation of androgens and estrogens by human breast tumors in vitro.

Abstract The metabolism of 3H-androstenedione (Δ4 -A) and 3H-estriol (E3) was studied in 12 human breast tumors. Part of each tumor was analyzed for estrogen receptor content. Aliquots of tumor homogenates were incubated for 2 hr separately with 3H-δ4-A and 3H-E3 in the presence of appropriate cofactors. No distinct differences emerged in the profiles of the unconjugated metabolites of 3H-δ4-A, the major compounds in the approximate order of descendence being androsterone, androstanedione, testosterone, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, epiandrosterone, and dihydrotestosterone. One tumor homogenate from an infiltrating lobular carcinoma converted 3H-Δ4-A to glucosiduronate metabolites (11%), of which androsterone, 6.4%; testosterone, 1.6%; and androstanediol, 0.6% predominated. The homogenate of this tumor and two other tumors converted 3H-E3 to 3H-E3-3S. Conversions of E3 to E3-3S In the other tumor homogenates were less than 0.6%. No correlation between receptor content and the capability of the tumor to conjugate Δ4-A or E3 evolved. However, correlations between steroid hormone metabolism and tumor histopathology may exist.
Post-antibiotic effect of the new streptogramin RP 59500.

The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of RP 59500, a new streptogramin antibiotic, was determined forStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, andStreptococcus pyogenes. A 30 min exposure ofStaphylococcus aureus to 5 µg/ml of RP 59500 produced a PAE of 1.9–6.9 h, and a 60 min exposure of 2.5 µg/ml produced a PAE of 3.2–8 h. A 30 min exposure of 5 µg/ml of RP 59500 of coagulase-negative staphylococci produced a PAE of 2.5–7.5 h. PAEs of constitutively erythromycin-resistant staphylococcal isolates were shorter than were the PAEs of highly susceptible isolates. A 30 min exposure to 5 µg/ml of RP 59500 produced a PAE of 7.5–9.5 h forStreptococcus pneumoniae and a PAE of >18 h forStreptococcus pyogenes. RP 59500 produced a longer PAE withStaphylococcus aureus than did vancomycin, oxacillin or erythromycin. These results suggest that RP 59500 may be administered less frequently than would be suggested by its half-life.
Psychiatric disorders (DSM‐III) and cognitive impairment among the elderly in a U.S. urban community

Results are presented on the current prevalence rates of psychiatric disorder in 2,588 non-institutionalized persons aged 65 and older who were drawn from a probability sample of New Haven, Connecticut, and 12 surrounding towns in South Central Connecticut. Based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), 6.7% of the respondents had a psychiatric diagnosis (DSM-III), and based on the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMS), 3.4% had severe cognitive impairments during the past 6-month period. Therefore, more than 10% currently had either a psychiatric or a severe cognitive problem. Overall, these rates of psychiatric disorders are lower than those found in adult populations under age 65. As with younger samples, anxiety and affective disorders were among the most common psychiatric problems. The majority of elderly reported themselves in good emotional and physical health and felt they had sufficient finances to meet their needs. The rate of severe cognitive impairment did not increase until after age 79. Among those 80 years and older, cognitive impairments were more common in women than men, probably due to differential survival rates. Since less than 6% of the elderly sample are living in institutions these results among non-institutionalized elderly point to the relative psychiatric well-being of the majority of the elderly. However, in view of the longer life expectancy, the next decade will see an increase in the absolute number of persons with cognitive impairments.
Abstract 5663: In vitro radiosensitization of human cervical cancer HeLa cells with iron oxide- titanium dioxide core-shell nanoparticles conjugated with 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC).

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Cervical cancer is resistant to current surgical, chemo- and radiotherapy interventions and represents a virtually incurable tumor. In this study, we explored titanium dioxide core-shell nanocomposites conjugated with DOPAC (DOPAC-NCs) as radiosensitizers. Radioresistant human carcinoma cervical HeLa cell cultures were treated with or without of increasing concentrations of DOPAC-NCs (5-20 nM) prior to irradiation. One hour later, cells were irradiated with a single dose of gamma radiation (5 Gy, 10 Gy, or 15 Gy). Seventy-two hours following radiation treatment, cell proliferation/viability was assessed by MTS assay. Sham-irradiated cells were served as a control. We have found that treatment of HeLa cells with DOPAC-NCs affected the survival of irradiated cells in a dose-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that cell survival of cells irradiated with 15 Gy and pre-treated with the highest concentration of DOPAC-NCs was as low as 23.7% compared to survival of cells that were not treated with DOPAC-NCs prior to irradiation. In opposite, without radiation, treatment with DOPAC-NCs had no effect on cell viability/proliferation. These findings provide in vitro evidence that DOPAC-NCs may be developed and employed as radiosensitizers in cervical cancer radiation therapy. Citation Format: Salida Mirzoeva, Beau M. Wanzer, Tatjana Paunesku, Gayle E. Woloschak. In vitro radiosensitization of human cervical cancer HeLa cells with iron oxide- titanium dioxide core-shell nanoparticles conjugated with 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5663. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5663
Isolated Free Fluid on Abdominal Computed Tomography in Blunt Trauma: Watch and Wait or Operate?

Background Isolated free fluid (FF) on abdominal CT in stable blunt trauma patients can indicate the presence of hollow viscus injury. No criteria exist to differentiate treatment by operative exploration vs observation. The goals of this study were to determine the incidence of isolated FF and to identify factors that discriminate between patients who should undergo operative exploration vs observation. Study Design A review of blunt trauma patients at a Level I trauma center from July 2009 to March 2012 was performed. Patients with a CT showing isolated FF after blunt trauma were included. Data collected included demographics, injury severity, physical examination, CT, and operative findings. Results Two thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine patients had CT scans, 156 (5.4%) of whom had isolated FF. The therapeutic operative group included 13 patients; 9 had immediate operation and 4 failed nonoperative management. The nonoperative/nontherapeutic operation group consisted of 142 patients with successful nonoperative management and 1 patient with a nontherapeutic operation. Abdominal tenderness was documented in 69% of the therapeutic operative group and 23% of the nonoperative/nontherapeutic group (odds ratio = 7.5; p Conclusions Isolated FF was noted in 5.4% of stable blunt trauma patients. Blunt trauma patients with moderate to large amounts of FF without solid organ injury on CT and abdominal tenderness should undergo immediate operative exploration. Patients with neither of these findings can be safely observed.
Isotope effect for electron mobility in anthracene

Transient photoconductivity measurements of room temperature electron mobility in deuterated anthracene single crystals, discussing isotope effect
Ethanol Inhibition of Recombinant Heteromeric NMDA Channels in the Presence and Absence of Modulators

The NMDA receptor/channel has been shown to be inhibited by ethanol in the clinically relevant range 25-100 mM. We studied heteromeric assemblies (NR1b/NR2) of the NMDA receptor, expressed in oocytes, to address three questions regarding this inhibition, and discovered the following: (1) The inhibition was nearly equivalent when ethanol was coapplied with the agonist, and when ethanol was introduced after steady-state current was established, suggesting that ethanol does not act by interfering with the activation process of the NMDA receptor. (2) The degree of inhibition was controlled by the NR2 subunit, with both NR2A and NR2B significantly more sensitive to ethanol than NR2C and NR2D. (3) Manipulation of the NMDA receptor with a number of agents that normally modulate it did not alter the degree of inhibition produced by ethanol. The presence of Mg2+ (3 and 12.5 microM), Zn2+ (1 and 10 microM), or the glycine antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid (1.25 or 5 microM), did not alter the ethanol sensitivity of heteromeric (NR1b/NR2A, NR1b/NR2B, NR1b/NR2C) NMDA receptors. Redox modulation of the NMDA receptor by dithiothreitol (2 mM) or 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (1 mM) also did not alter the degree to which ethanol inhibits NMDA receptors. Taken together, these results indicate that the ethanol sensitivity of native NMDA receptors, which likely exist in heteromeric form, results from actions at a site different from those of known modulators of the receptor.
On integration and adaptation in complex service systems

The services sector employs a large and growing proportion of workers in the industrialized nations, and it is increasingly dependent on information and communication technologies. While the interdependences, similarities and complementarities of manufacturing and services are significant, there are considerable differences between goods and services, including the shift in focus from mass production to mass customization (whereby a service is produced and delivered in response to a customer’s stated or imputed needs). In general, services can be considered to be knowledge-intensive agents or components which work together as providers and consumers to create or co-produce value. Like manufacturing systems, an efficient service system must be an integrated system of systems, leading to greater connectivity and interdependence. Integration must occur over the physical, temporal, organizational and functional dimensions, and must include methods concerned with the component, the management, and the system. Moreover, an effective service system must also be an adaptable system, leading to greater value and responsiveness. Adaptation must occur over the dimensions of monitoring, feedback, cybernetics and learning, and must include methods concerned with space, time, and system. In sum, service systems are indeed complex, especially due to the uncertainties associated with the human-centered aspects of such systems. Moreover, the system complexities can only be dealt with methods that enhance system integration and adaptation. The paper concludes with several insights, including a plea to shift the current misplaced focus on developing a science or discipline for services to further developing a systems engineering approach to services, an approach based on the integration and adaptation of a host of sciences or disciplines (e.g., physics, mathematics, statistics, psychology, sociology, etc.). In fact, what is required is a services-related transdisciplinary - beyond a single disciplinary - ontology or taxonomy as a basis for disciplinary integration and adaptation.
Quantum field theoretical methods in chemically bonded systems. V. Potential energy curves for N2(X1Σ g+) → 2N (4S)

Many-body perturbation theory is applied to the nitrogen triple bond for bond distances ranging from the atomic regime to about 0.6a0 shorter than equilibrium. A full-optimized reaction space model is used to compute orbital spaces with an even-tempered gaussian-type basis set and also with a nominal Bagus–Gilbert Slater-type basis set. Conservation of orbital angular momentum in the atomic regime leads to perturbative theory for Hartree–Fock plus proper dissociation. Angular momentum conservation can also be enforced with a scaled Slater–Condon parameter. Third-order dissociation energies and spectroscopic constants approach limits of the chosen basis sets. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the Use of Variational Inference for Learning Discrete Graphical Model

We study the general class of estimators for graphical model structure based on optimizing l1-regularized approximate log-likelihood, where the approximate likelihood uses tractable variational approximations of the partition function. We provide a message-passing algorithm that directly computes the l1 regularized approximate MLE. Further, in the case of certain reweighted entropy approximations to the partition function, we show that surprisingly the l1 regularized approximate MLE estimator has a closed-form, so that we would no longer need to run through many iterations of approximate inference and message-passing. Lastly, we analyze this general class of estimators for graph structure recovery, or its sparsistency, and show that it is indeed sparsistent under certain conditions.
Aspects of Some Evaporitic Structures in Western Mediterranean Sea

The stratigraphy and outcrops of the gypsum series in Sicily suggest that the interaction of tectonic and subaerial erosion may explain the genesis of "perched" structures. A comparison between these Sicilian evaporitic features and some submarine "diapirs" in the western Mediterranean Sea shows possible interesting similarities. Both Sicilian and submarine structures may be of the same origin.
Parameter constraints in a stream ecosystem model: Incorporation of a priori information in Monte Carlo error analysis☆

Abstract Using a model of mass and nutrient dynamics in a stream, we evaluated the use of a priori information (e.g., mass balance constraints, limits for the state variables, etc.) to increase the accuracy and efficiency of Monte Carlo error analysis. The results indicated that a priori information can effectively eliminate physically unrealistic simulations and reduce uncertainty about the predicted values. Some types of a priori information proved more helpful than increased accuracy in measuring model parameters.
Single-chip, widely-tunable 10 Gbit/s photocurrent-driven wavelength converter incorporating a monolithically integrated laser transmitter and optical receiver

A single-chip photocurrent-driven wavelength converter operating at 10 Gbit/s is presented. The device consists of a monolithically integrated widely tunable transmitter and an optical receiver. The transmitter consists of a sampled grating DBR laser, electroabsorption modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The optical receiver includes a quantum-well pin photodetector and a set of two SOA preamplifiers. Bit error rate measurements at 10 Gbit/s with a 231−1 PRBS showed less than 1 dB of power penalty for conversion between 1550 nm and output wavelengths ranging from 1531 to 1563 nm.
Severe Mental Illness Needs Empirically Supported Assessment and Treatments

This commentary describes the prevailing mental health-care paradigm as hindering the advantageous and sensible utilization of psychologists in the treatment of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). The commentary suggests that the failure to utilize clinical psychology in treating SMI is part of a longstanding trend toward the narrow viewing of SMI as exclusively biological conditions requiring medical treatment exclusively. In neglecting a host of treatment interventions, a broad knowledge base of empirically supported treatments, and specific assessment skills available to clinical psychologists, an opportunity is missed to better enhance the lives of the individuals with SMI and even facilitate the effectiveness of biological interventions. This commentary raises the troubling implications of the underutilization of psychologists in the care of those with SMI, including the moral imperative raised by our absence, the neglect of the development and implementation of effective psychological interventions, and the erroneous message this absence sends about what it is that psychologists practice and who they are able to help. This commentary describes some of the ways in which clinical psychologists have contributed to the care of SMI and argues that the expertise of clinical psychologists in empirically supported assessment and treatment is a resource that should not be deprived to members of society desperately in need of treatments if we are to continue to reduce suffering and enhance quality of life. This commentary elucidates some ways in which members of the profession of clinical psychology can meet their ethical obligation to take part in the treatment of SMI.