cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Recurrence of Pericardial Tamponade in Patients With Extended Versus Nonextended Pericardial Catheter Drainage

Recurrence of pericardial tamponade is relatively common after pericardiocentesis. We evaluated the clinical and procedural predictors of recurrent pericardial tamponade after pericardiocentesis. We included 157 consecutive patients with pericardial tamponade (age 62 ± 18 years, 54% men) who had undergone pericardiocentesis from 2000 to 2007. An intrapericardial catheter was used for prolonged drainage of the pericardial effusion (78% of cases) at the discretion of the operator. The overall recurrence rate 11.8 ± 0.6 months after pericardiocentesis was 20% and the mean interval to recurrence was 1.2 ± 2.1 months. However, patients with extended catheter drainage had a reduced recurrence rate of 12% compared to 52% in patients without extended drainage (p <0.001). In the Cox regression modeling, absence of extended drainage (hazard ratio [HR] 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7 to 10, p = 0.002), incomplete drainage of pericardial effusion (HR 9.7, 95% CI 3.6 to 22.7, p <0.001), loculated effusion (HR 11.1, 95% CI 2.9 to 43, p = 0.001), and malignancy (HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.8 to 10.3, p = 0.037) independently correlated with recurrence at 1 year. In conclusion, extended pericardial drainage after catheter placement is associated with a reduced recurrence of pericardial tamponade after pericardiocentesis.
Instrumental images: the visual rhetoric of self-presentation in Hevelius's Machina Coelestis

This article places the famous images of Johannes Hevelius's instruments in his Machina Coelestis (1673) in the context of Hevelius's contested cometary observations and his debate with Hooke over telescopic sights. Seen thus, the images promote a crafted vision of Hevelius's astronomical practice and skills, constituting a careful self-presentation to his distant professional network and a claim as to which instrumental techniques guarantee accurate observations. Reviewing the reception of the images, the article explores how visual rhetoric may be invoked and challenged in the context of controversy, and suggests renewed analytical attention to the role of laboratory imagery in instrumental cultures in the history of science.
A finite concave minimization algorithm using branch and bound and neighbor generation

In this article we present a new finite algorithm for globally minimizing a concave function over a compact polyhedron. The algorithm combines a branch and bound search with a new process called neighbor generation. It is guaranteed to find an exact, extreme point optimal solution, does not require the objective function to be separable or even analytically defined, requires no nonlinear computations, and requires no determinations of convex envelopes or underestimating functions. Linear programs are solved in the branch and bound search which do not grow in size and differ from one another in only one column of data. Some preliminary computational experience is also presented.
Intraarterial cisplatin with intravenous paclitaxel and ifosfamide as an organ-preservation approach in patients with paranasal sinus carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy, organ-preservation rate, and safety of intraarterial (IA) cisplatin in combination with intravenous paclitaxel and ifosfamide in patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses who required orbital exenteration or major craniofacial resection for complete tumor resection. METHODS Patients were treated with intravenous paclitaxel (135 mg/m2) on Day 1, ifosfamide (1000 mg/m2) on Days 1–3, sodium mercaptoethanesulfonate (600 mg/m2) on Days 1–3, and IA cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on Day 1 every 21 days. RESULTS Of 24 study participants, 20 patients received at least 1 course of IA cisplatin, 1 patient had an early death, and 19 patients were evaluable for response. Five of those 19 patients (26%) achieved a complete response (CR), 6 patients (32%) achieved a partial response, and 8 patients (42%) had stable disease or developed progressive disease. Eye-sparing surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) was feasible in 7 of 24 patients, RT was offered to only 7 patients, whereas 3 patients received chemotherapy and RT, 2 patients refused further therapy, 3 patients underwent craniofacial resection with orbitectomy, and 1 patient was treated systemically for metastatic disease. At the completion of treatment, 14 of 23 patients (61%) with locally advanced disease were disease free, and the orbit was preserved in 21 of 24 patients (88%). The overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival rates at 2 years were 60%, 50%, and 84%, respectively. Toxicity was substantial, with two patients experiencing cerebrovascular ischemia (one transient and one cerebrovascular accident) and three patients experiencing cranial neuropathy, which was reversible in two patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite the encouraging organ-preservation rate, the approach studied resulted in substantial toxicity, and more effective adjunctive therapy is needed. Alternative approaches, including the integration of targeted therapy agents in induction chemotherapy regimens followed by concomitant chemotherapy and RT or eye-sparing surgery, need further exploration. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Polymer-protein conjugates. I. Effect of protein conjugation on the cloud point of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide).

Abstract Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (p(NIPAAm)) exhibits a cloud point around 32°C. In this study we have conjugated several proteins to p(NIPAAm), and the effects of protein molecular weight, pH and ionic strength on the cloud point of the p(NIPAAm)-protein conjugates have been studied. The cloud points of p(NIPAAm)-protein conjugates appear to be unaffected by the molecular weight or isoelectric point (pi) of the proteins, the pH or ionic strength.
Studies on the biosynthesis of insulin. I. The paper chromatographic isolation of 14C-labeled insulin from calf pancreas slices.

A paper chromatographic method for the isolation of insulin from calf pancreas slices is presented. The method is reasonably rapid and is particularly adaptable to running multiple samples. If the pancreas slices are incubated in the presence of leucine-I-14C, the insulin becomes labeled. Evidence is presented relating to the purity of the isolated insulin. A method is also presented for the separation of the hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor from insulin.
Recycling to remodel: evolution of dosage-compensation complexes.

Abstract In diploid species where sex determination involves heteromorphic sex chromosomes, a mechanism has evolved to compensate for gene–dosage differences in sex-linked genes between the sexes. This regulatory mechanism, which is based on chromatin remodeling, is the function of complexes that include components themselves involved in other cellular functions or with homologs that are involved in such functions. Directing these complexes to the correct chromosome in the appropriate sex relies on pioneer or novel components as well as on the presence of sequence-dependent target sites.
Immunocytochemistry of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in brains of breeding eastern narrow-mouthed toads (Gastrophryne carolinensis).

Abstract 1. 1. Unlabeled antibody-enzyme immunocytochemistry was used to localize mammalian-like immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in brains of breeding eastern narrow-mouthed toads ( Gastrophryne carolinensis ). 2. 2. Intense immunostaining occurred over the infundibular floor and the median eminence, yet staining of few perikarya in the anterior preoptic area was minimal. 3. 3. This pattern of markedly regional immunostaining diners from that reported for other anurans.
Pneumonia Associated with Acute Rheumatic Fever

Pulmonary involvement in acute rheumatic fever is rare. Clinical and laboratory findings in rheumatic pneumonia are non-specific. Most of the cases of rheumatic pneumonia described in recent years have had a fulminant course often resulting in death. Autopsy findings are suggestive of but not specific for rheumatic pneumonia. In this article a case of pneumonia associated with acute rheumatic fever is described. Pneumonia and carditis occurred simultaneously in a 10-year-old boy treated without steroids, which resulted in recovery. The clinical spectrum of rheumatic pneumonia can range from mild to fulminant.
Integrals, an introduction to analytic number theory

(1988). Integrals, an Introduction to Analytic Number Theory. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 4, pp. 308-315.
Mandibular growth in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Mandibular growth of 42 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Four groups of animals were defined according to dentitional age (i.e., infant, juvenile, adolescent, young adult). At each age growth was observed for a 24 week period. Since some animals were observed at more than one stage of development, 57 periods of growth were studied. The growth incremental data were collected by superimposing serial cephalograms on mandibular implants. Growth and remodeling of both the skeletal and dento-alveolar components of the rhesus mandible were greatest in the infant monkeys and were less in successive age groups. Posterior relocation of the ramus was noted in all age groups while bone deposition on the anterior and inferior borders of the mandibular body was greatest in the younger animals. The most pronounced dental changes also occurred in the younger animals while the dentitions of the adolescent and adult animals were generally more stable. This study demonstrates that the rate and direction of normal mandibular growth varies with the age of the animal. Furthermore, mandibular growth is quantified at four defined maturational levels to provide a set of values illustrating normal mandibular growth. These values can also be used as control data for experimental studies.
Alternative Approach to Estimation of Critical Cornering Speed

An alternative approach to the estimation of the critical cornering speed of large combination vehicles is presented. Existing techniques are based on analytical models subject to a series of simplifying assumptions, and do not explicitly consider grades and other three‐dimensional roadway features of the real problem. One result of this study indicates that these simplified models may overestimate critical cornering speed by as much as 50%. The proposed technique combines detailed simulation of the dynamics of the motion of large combination vehicles through a three‐dimensional roadway, with a Monte Carlo sampling of possible vehicle configurations and component mechanical properties to produce databases for statistical analysis. This approach is applied to the study of critical cornering speed at freeway‐to‐freeway connectors. Databases for several samples of vehicles are generated, and a series of regression models that predict critical cornering speed is created. Results indicate that these regression...
Application of autoregressive models to the study of the temporal structure of a handwritten text

Abstract Variations of the slope of handwriting in several hundreds of lines are predicted by using autoregressive models. Most of the unpredictable lines correspond to features such as the lack or excess of ink, the beginning of pages or paragraphs. The temporal succession of models is statistically analyzed in order to define descriptors, such as the transition matrix, that account for the building of a further state-space model for handwriting.
Tremor-Induced ECG Artifact Mimicking Ventricular Tachycardia

A56-year-old woman presented for an evaluation of a tremor. In the course of her evaluation, her serum potassium was found to be 2.5 meq/L (normal range, 3.6 to 4.8 meq/L); this was probably secondary to diuretic therapy. She was subsequently admitted to the hospital for potassium replacement and further evaluation of the tremor. Physical examination was remarkable only for a high-amplitude left upper extremity tremor. The patient’s blood pressure was …
4/5 Kolmogorov law for statistically stationary turbulence: Application to high-Rayleigh-number Bénard convection.

The Kolmogorov relation for the third-order moments of the velocity differences is generalized for the case of statistically steady turbulence and applied to the B\'enard convection problem. The predicted temperature and velocity spectra are ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{T}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathit{k}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7/5}$ and E\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\mathit{k}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}11/5}$, respectively. At the smaller scales, in the dissipation range of the temperature fluctuations, the Kolmogorov range where most of the energy is dissipated is predicted. The new set of scaling exponents, which can be observed in the experiments in the small-aspect-ratio convection cells, is derived.
Experimental studies of selective predation on ampibpods: Consequences for amphipod distribution and abundance

Abstract Aspects of the relationship between the amphipods found associated with eelgrass ( Zostera marina L.) and the common predators of this habitat have been examined by laboratory experiments and field sampling. Laboratory experiments showed that of the most abundant potential predators on eelgrass amphipods, the pinfish Lagodon rhomboides (L.) and the grass shrimp Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say) were amongst the most effective predators. Selective feeding by these two species with respect to prey species, size, and sex was demonstrated. Habitat complexity was shown to play a major role in the predatory effectiveness of the pinfish and grass shrimp. An examination of the field data in the light of the laboratory selection experiments suggests that the presence of pinfish may 1. 1) determine the relative abundances in the community of different types of amphipod species, 2. 2) determine seasonal changes in species diversity by selectively removing certain species, and 3. 3) to some degree, through an interaction with habitat complexity, determine the spatial distribution of amphipod abundance and diversity within eelgrass beds.
Relative Effectiveness and Safety of Chemotherapy in Elderly and Nonelderly Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review

Background Chemotherapy effectiveness in clinical practice may differ from the efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials, particularly among populations underrepresented in clinical trials, such as elderly patients with cancer. This review aims to examine the relative effectiveness of chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer in elderly versus nonelderly patients. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality approach. Literature searches were performed in Medline and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases. Chemotherapy regimens approved for stage III colon cancer were reviewed. Four effectiveness and 15 safety outcomes were extracted. Results From 708 identified articles, 25 articles provided data on the relative effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy among elderly versus nonelderly patients. Four of 14 studies showed lower overall survival treatment effects, whereas one of five and one of four studies indicated more favorable treatment effects for time to progression and overall response rate. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were higher among elderly patients for cardiac disorder (2/5 studies), leukopenia (1/5), neutropenia (4/16), thrombocytopenia (2/13), febrile neutropenia (1/4), infection (2/10), dehydration (2/6), diarrhea (6/20), and fatigue (6/13). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were lower for neutropenia (2/16 studies), nausea/vomiting (1/16), and neuropathy (1/9). Conclusion The majority of the evidence suggests that chemotherapy has similar relative effectiveness and safety for patients >65 years of age versus younger patients with stage III colon cancer. When differences are reported, treatment effects are more often worse among the elderly. This review suggests that without other reasons for withholding treatment, elderly patients should receive chemotherapy as often as nonelderly patients.
Mediation as Framing and Framing within Mediation

In this paper I explore two connections between mediation and framing. First, mediators use framing as a technique to foster resolution by creating different social accounts of the conflict. I review several framing tasks include framing: the process and disputants' expectations, fairness and justice, the issues in contention, alternatives, and identity concerns. Thus, I pay particular attention to the mechanisms by which framing can transform disputes and disputants. Second, I explore how mediation itself is a frame within the larger constellation of frames disputants and third parties might evoke to view conflicts. Within this constellation of frames, mediation is positioned as one of several possible conflict handling frames that disputants could, but often don't, adopt. I explore several reasons why disputants' framing of the conflict makes them leery of mediation. Finally, I consider several alternatives that third parties can use to help maintain a civil dialogue among disputants when mediation is not an accepted option. These interventions focus on narration, perspective-taking, and acknowledgment of critical identities, and are intended to honor disputants' existing frames while at the same time promoting possible frame enlargement so that disputants can begin to understand each other better.
The efficacy of an oscillating bed in the prevention of lower respiratory tract infection in critically ill victims of blunt trauma. A prospective study.

We tested the hypothesis that the incidence of LRTI in critically ill blunt trauma victims can be reduced by employing continuous postural oscillation. Within 24 h of admission to the SICU, 106 patients were prospectively randomized to either a conventional bed or a RRKTT. Seven patients who were discharged from the SICU in less than 24 h were excluded from the data analyses. Until discharge from the SICU, patients were monitored daily for development of LRTI or pneumonia. Among 48 patients in the control group, 28 met criteria for LRTI and 19 met criteria for pneumonia. Among 51 patients in the RRKTT group, 13 developed LRTI and 7 developed pneumonia. The differences between groups for all LRTI and pneumonia were both significant. We conclude that continuous postural oscillation decreases the risk of pulmonary sepsis in victims of major blunt trauma. (Chest 1990; 97:132-37)
Community Fear of Nonionizing Radiation: A Field Investigation

Four children from the same school class developed cancer. Because of concern in the community, a field study designed to document levels of environmental, nonionizing radiation was undertaken. Two school sites were investigated, the one with the cluster of cases and the other without known cases of cancer. The measured values of nonionizing radiation at both sites were not different and were well below existing exposure standards.
Deformation of Quaternary strata and its relationship to crustal folds and faults, south-central Puget Lowland, Washington State

Folded Quaternary deposits across the south-central Puget Lowland, an area just south of the Seattle fault that extends across the Seattle uplift and its boundary with the adjacent Tacoma basin, provide increased resolution of the character and rate of crustal deformation. They also constrain alternative, and partly incom- patible, views of crustal structure previously suggested by geo- physical investigations. Tectonic deformation has been progressive for at least the past few hundred thousand years: older sediments display greater deformation than the youngest exposed deposits in the study area. Strain rates across the Seattle uplift have probably been between 0.25 and 1.0 mm/yr during this period, accounting for ;10% of the total strain shortening of the western Washington crust. The Seattle uplift displays Quaternary deformation across its full north-south extent and has structural discontinuities at both its northern and southern boundaries. Previous workers have al- ready established the faulted nature of its northern boundary; ex- posed Quaternary strata across its southern boundary display in- tense folding, the location of which generally corresponds to the projection of a ''Tacoma fault'' suggested by prior geophysical studies.
Chronic blockade of hippocampal kappa receptors increases arterial pressure in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats but not in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats.

Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that dynorphins acting on hippocampal kappa opioid receptors in rat brain exert a restraining influence on arterial blood pressure and that a relative deficiency of their production in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) may be involved in SHR hypertension. Kappa receptor blockade should therefore exacerbate hypertension in SHR. We explored the latter possibility by chronic unilateral infusion of nor-binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI), a selective kappa receptor antagonist, into the right dorsal hippocampus of conscious SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls over a 14 day period. Additional controls consisted of similar hippocampal infusions of equivalent volumes of drug vehicle in both rat strains. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rates (HR) were determined in each animal once daily by the tail cuff method during this period. Nor-BNI induced a sustained increase in the basal high level of MAP in SHR from 132 ± 8 to 150 ± 10 mmHg t...
No longer just a pretty face: fashion magazines' depictions of ideal female beauty from 1959 to 1999.

Objective The print media's depiction of the ideal of feminine beauty as presented to American women was examined for the years 1959–1999. Method Trends were investigated through an analysis of cover models appearing on the four most popular American fashion magazines. Results Body size for fashion models decreased significantly during the 1980s and 1990s. There was also a dramatic increase in the frequency with which the media depicted the entire bodies of the models from the 1960s to the 1990s. Discussion Both the increasingly thin images and the striking increase in full-body portrayals suggest an increase in the value placed by American society on a thin ideal for women, a change that is concurrent with the increase in disturbed eating patterns among American women. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 342–347, 2004.
Insect herbivores selectively suppress the HPL branch of the oxylipin pathway in host plants

Summary Insect herbivores have developed a myriad of strategies to manipulate the defense responses of their host plants. Here we provide evidence that chewing insects differentially alter the oxylipin profiles produced by the two main and competing branches of the plant defensive response pathway, the allene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) branches, which are responsible for wound-inducible production of jasmonates (JAs), and green leafy volatiles (GLVs) respectively. Specifically, we used three Arabidopsis genotypes that were damaged by mechanical wounding or by insects of various feeding guilds (piercing aphids, generalist chewing caterpillars and specialist chewing caterpillars). We established that emission of GLVs is stimulated by wounding incurred mechanically or by aphids, but release of these volatiles is constitutively impaired by both generalist and specialist chewing insects. Simultaneously, however, these chewing herbivores stimulated JA production, demonstrating targeted insect suppression of the HPL branch of the oxylipin pathway. Use of lines engineered to express HPL constitutively, in conjunction with quantitative RT–PCR-based expression analyses, established a combination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional reprogramming of the HPL pathway genes as the mechanistic basis of insect-mediated suppression of the corresponding metabolites. Feeding studies suggested a potential evolutionary advantage of suppressing GLV production, as caterpillars preferably consumed leaf tissue from plants that had not been primed by these volatile cues.
PLIN2 inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake in myoblasts through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome

Impaired lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways have individually been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle; however, little evidence is available to date linking the two in this context. In this study, we explored a potential molecular mechanism underlying insulin resistance in myoblasts mediated by the crosstalk between lipid accumulation and inflammatory pathways. We examined the influence of perilipin 2 (PLIN2), one of the most highly expressed lipid droplet-associated proteins in skeletal muscle, on glucose uptake and on the nucleotide‑binding domain, leucine‑rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in vitro. PLIN2 overexpression in C2C12 cells led to an increased expression of NLRP3, caspase‑1 and interleukin (IL)‑1β, along with an impaired insulin‑induced glucose uptake. This defect was remedied by the RNAi‑mediated knockdown of NLRP3 expression. We also found that insulin receptor substrate‑1 (IRS‑1), a component of insulin signaling, was negatively regulated by NLRP3 and IL‑1β, and that IL‑1β inhibited insulin‑induced glucose uptake in myoblasts. These results suggest that PLIN2 inhibits insulin‑induced glucose uptake by activating NLRP3, caspase‑1 and IL‑1β, leading to a decreased IRS‑1 expression. This study provides in vitro evidence supporting an association between lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and suggests potential therapeutic targets that warrant further investigation.
Quality appraisal of diagnostic accuracy studies in fine-needle aspiration cytology: a survey of risk of bias and comparability.

Context.—The quality of diagnostic accuracy studies is determined by 2 key factors: risk of bias and comparability. Bias can distort accuracy estimates and poor reporting impairs comparability. Whi...
Current gain increase of n-p-n transistors by electromigration of atomic hydrogen in emitter polysilicon

The current gain ( beta ) increase of n-p-n transistors induced by forward current stress is investigated. The mechanism of beta increase is identified as electromigration of atomic hydrogen in polysilicon by high density current, and its subsequent passivation of silicon dangling bonds at the poly/monosilicon interface and poly grain boundaries. The hydrogen passivation results in a reduction of surface recombination velocity, thus decreasing base current and increasing beta . The effects of hydrogen in emitter poly must be taken into account if bipolar reliability is to be improved. >
Countering Nuclear Terrorism: A Conventional Response

Nuclear terrorism poses a grave threat to national security, a fact dramatically demonstrated on 11 September 2001 by Al-Qaeda's attacks against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. These strikes revealed the vulnerability of Western societies to foreign terrorist threats and underscored the real possibility that terrorist groups might use nuclear weapons against cities in the United States or Europe. This article analyses the nature of this threat and pos- sible remedies within the context of a new multilateral instrument, the 2005 International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. This Convention furnishes a legal basis for international cooperation to prevent terrorists from acquiring nuclear weap- ons. It criminalizes the possession of, use of, or threat to use radioactive devices by non-state actors, their accomplices, and organizers if intended to produce death, serious bodily injury or environmental or property damage. The agreement further encourages increased exchanges of information and greater collaboration between governments in the pursuit of terrorist sus- pects. But the effectiveness of this instrument depends on the degree to which state parties respect, abide by and enforce its provisions. Key in this regard is strengthening security of fi s- sile materials stored in nuclear facilities. If governments fulfi l their duties in this Convention, the agreement will work well and accomplish its purposes. To the degree that governments fall short of meeting their obligations, specifi c protections against nuclear terrorism in the Convention will be eroded, and the risk of nuclear terrorism will remain high.
Floating-point error analysis of recursive least-squares and least-mean-squares adaptive filters

A floating-point error analysis of the Recursive LeastSquares (RLS) and Least-Mean-Squares (LMS) algorithms is presented. Both the prewindowed growing memory RLS algorithm (\lambda = 1) for stationary systems and the exponentially windowed RLS algorithm (\lambda for time-varying systems are studied. For both algorithms, the expression for the mean-square prediction error and the expected value of the weight error vector norm are derived in terms of the variance of the floating-point noise sources. The results point to a tradeoff in the choice of the forgetting factor \lambda . In order to reduce the effects of additive noise and the floatingpoint noise due to the inner product calculation of the desired signal, \lambda must be chosen close to one. On the other hand, the floating-point noise due to floating-point addition in the weight vector update recursion increases as \lambda \rightarrow 1 . Floating point errors in the calculation of the weight vector correction term, however, do not affect the steady-state error and have a transient effect. For the prewindowed growing memory RLS algorithm, exponential divergence may occur due to errors in the floatingpoint addition in the weight vector update recursion. Conditions for weight vector updating termination are also presented for stationary systems. The results for the LMS algorithm show that the excess mean-square error due to floating-point arithmetic increases inversely to loop gain for errors introduced by the summation in the weight vector recursion. The calculation of the desired signal prediction and prediction error lead to an additive noise term as in the RLS algorithm. Simulations are presented which confirm the theoretical findings of the paper.
Desorption and Exchange of Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) on Gold Generated from Chelating Alkanedithiols

The kinetics of thermal desorption and displacement of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold derived from the adsorption of 2,2-dipentadecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (d-C17, [CH3(CH2)14]2C[CH2SH]2), 2-pentadecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (m-C17, CH3(CH2)14CH[CH2SH]2), and heptadecanethiol (n-C17, CH3(CH2)16SH) were explored. The kinetics were monitored by optical ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Thermal desorption studies of the SAMs in decalin at elevated temperatures demonstrated an enhanced stability for films generated from d-C17 and m-C17 relative to that for the film generated from n-C17. These studies further demonstrated that SAMs adsorbed at elevated temperatures (e.g., 50 °C) are more stable than those adsorbed at room temperature. Upon exposure to ambient laboratory conditions for one month, densely packed SAMs generated from n-C17 and d-C17 underwent no detectable structural changes. In contrast, similar treatment...
Does parent of origin matter? Methylation studies should be performed on patients with multiple copies of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region

Deletion of 15q11.2-q13 results in either Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome (AS) depending on the parent of origin. Duplication of the PWS/AS critical region (PWASCR) has also been reported in association with developmental delay and autism, and it has been shown that they also show a parent-of-origin effect. It is generally accepted that maternal duplications are pathogenic. However, there is conflicting evidence as to the pathogenicity of paternal duplications. We have identified 35 patients with gain of the PWASCR using array comparative genomic hybridization. Methylation testing was performed to determine parent of origin of the extra copies. Of the 35 cases, 22 had a supernumerary marker chromosome 15 (SMC15), 12 had a tandem duplication, and 1 had a tandem triplication. Only one patient had a paternal duplication; this patient does not have features typical of patients with maternal duplication of the PWASCR. Three of the mothers had a tandem duplication (two were paternal and one was maternal origin). While one of the two mothers with paternal duplication was noted not to have autism, the other was noted to have learning disability and depression. Based on our data, we conclude that SMC15 are almost exclusively maternal in origin and result in an abnormal phenotype. Tandem duplications/triplications are generally of maternal origin when ascertained on the basis of abnormal phenotype; however, tandem duplications of paternal origin have also been identified. Therefore, we suggest that methylation testing be performed for cases of tandem duplications/triplications since the pathogenicity of paternal gains is uncertain.
Spontaneous bilateral breast necrosis due to calciphylaxis

From the Division of Surgical Pathology, and Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY This section features outstanding photographs of clinical materials selected for their educational value or message, or possibly their rarity. The images are accompanied by brief case reports (limit 2 typed pages, 4 references). Our readers are invited to sumit items for consideration.
Reproductive and sexual health benefits in private health insurance plans in Washington State.

riers in Washington State assessed benefit coverage for gynecologic services, maternity services, contraceptive services, pregnancy termination, infertility services, reproductive cancer screening, STD services, HIV and AIDS services, and sterilization, as well as for the existence of confidentiality policies. "Core" services in each category were defined based on U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and other recommendations. Results: Of the 91 top-selling plans on which data were collected, 8% were indemnity plans, 14% were point-of-service plans, 21% were preferred-provider organization plans and 57% were health maintenance organization (HMO)–type products; they had a combined enrollment of 1.4 million individuals. Coverage of core services varied widely by type of plan. While a high proportion of plans covered core gynecologic, maternity, reproductive cancer screening, STD and HIV and AIDS services, nearly half of plans did not cover any kind of contraceptive method. Approximately 13% of female enrollees did not have core coverage for gynecologic services, 19% for maternity services, 75% for contraception, 37% for sterilization and 53% for pregnancy termination; 98% of women and men were not covered for infertility treatment. Most carriers did not have specific policies for maintaining privacy of sensitive health information. Overall, benefit coverage was lower for indemnity, preferred-provider organization and HMO plans in Washington State than has previously been seen nationally. Conclusions: A sizable proportion of women and men in Washington State who rely on privatesector health insurance lack comprehensive coverage for key reproductive and sexual health services.
Input Versus Output Queueing on a SpaceDivision Packet Switch

Two simple models of queueing on an N ?? N space-division packet switch are examined. The switch operates synchronously with fixed-length packets; during each time slot, packets may arrive on any inputs addressed to any outputs. Because packet arrivals to the switch are unscheduled, more than one packet may arrive for the same output during the same time slot, making queueing unavoidable. Mean queue lengths are always greater for queueing on inputs than for queueing on outputs, and the output queues saturate only as tbe utilization approaches unity. Input queues, on the other hand, saturate at a utilization that depends on N , but is approximately (2 - ?>2) = 0.586 when N is large. If output trunk utilization is the primary consideration, it is possible to slightly increase utilization of the output trunks??-??upto(1 - e -1 ) ?? 0.632 as N ?> ?>??-??by dropping interfering packets at the end of each time slot, rather than storing them in the input queues. This improvement is possible, however, only when the utilization of the input trunks exceeds a second critical threshold??-??approximately 1n (1 + ?>2) = 0.881 for large N .
Acute management of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury

Patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury present complex clinical challenges. These injuries may result in motor and sensory deficits and also in cardiovascular and respiratory perturbations. Increased attention to critical care support has led to improved survival and recovery in many patients. The methods and technology used to diagnose and classify these injuries as well as medical and surgical treatments have evolved significantly in recent decades. We review important aspects of the diagnosis and acute care of patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries, emphasising the recent evidence.
Law and Colonial Cultures: A Place for the State: Legal Pluralism As a Colonial Project in Bengal and West Africa

The imposition of a hierarchical system of rule in which foreign-derived law topped a pyramid of “other” legal sources and systems was not the first or only possible strategy of European colonizing powers. It was not, even, an obvious strategy. European polities were themselves only beginning to shape a hierarchy of legal authorities which superimposed state law on alternative legal systems, including customary, canon, and merchant law. The agents of colonial expansion were themselves in many cases given judicial authority that was understood to be independent from the state. The complexity of jurisdictional politics at home was such that multiple jurisdictions in colonial settings seemed unexceptional to administrators. Further, cost considerations played a large role in colonial legal policy. There was little interest on the part of governments, charter companies, or private agents in absorbing the costs of erecting an elaborate judicial administration. Well before “indirect rule” was articulated as a political strategy, colonial administrators understood and expressed the need to sustain indigenous legal forums as a means of promoting order. Nevertheless, colonial rule still carried with it the imperative of some judicial involvement. Europeans did not want to be judged by or litigate in indigenous courts – nor, in some cases, did indigenous social actors who were tied by interest, culture, or blood to the colonizers. Depending on the nature of the colonial economy, certain types of contracts, transactions, and disputes might come to be regarded as so vital to European interests that they could not be regulated or resolved except in European-dominated forums.
Patient preferences regarding incidental genomic findings discovered during tumor profiling

BACKGROUND During the process of tumor profiling, there is the potential to detect germline variants. To the authors' knowledge, there currently is no accepted standard of care for how to deal with these incidental findings. The goal of the current study was to assess disclosure preferences among patients with cancer regarding incidental genomic variants that may be discovered during tumor profiling. METHODS A 45-item questionnaire was administered to 413 patients in ambulatory oncology clinics. The survey captured demographic and disease variables and personal and family history, and presented case scenarios for different types of incidental germline variants that could theoretically be detected during genomic analysis of a patient's tumor. RESULTS The possibility of discovering non-cancer-related, germline variants did not deter patients from tumor profiling: 77% wanted to be informed concerning variants that could increase their risk of a serious but preventable illness, 56% wanted to know about variants that cause a serious but unpreventable illness, and 49% wanted to know about variants of uncertain significance. The majority of patients (75%) indicated they would share hereditary information regarding predisposition to preventable diseases with family and 62% would share information concerning unpreventable diseases. The most frequent concerns about incidental findings were ability to obtain health (48%) or life (41%) insurance. Only 21% of patients were concerned about privacy of information. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer appear to prefer to receive information regarding incidental germline variants, but there is substantial variability with regard to what information patients wish to learn. The authors recommend that personal preferences for the disclosure of different types of incidental findings be clarified before a tumor profiling test is ordered. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Abstract TP307: Validation of Clinical Prediction Scores in Patients with Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose: Despite advances in medical and surgical management, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) continues to be associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Several clinical pre...
Chondrosarcoma of the larynx: CT features.

PURPOSE To define the typical CT features of chondrosarcoma of the larynx. PATIENTS AND METHODS Results of CT studies, performed on 10 patients with pathologically proved chondrosarcoma of the larynx, were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with clinical presentation. RESULTS In all patients, the mass was detected on CT. The most frequent site of origin of the tumor was the cricoid cartilage (nine cases) followed by the thyroid cartilage (one case). Coarse or stippled calcification within the tumor was the most helpful radiologic finding and was seen in every case. In eight patients, the tumor had both an endolaryngeal and an extralaryngeal growth pattern, whereas in two patients the tumor was entirely endolaryngeal. Hoarseness, dyspnea, and dysphagia were the most common symptoms. In all patients presenting with dyspnea, the tumor exhibited endolaryngeal components. In patients presenting with hoarseness, three tumors had endolaryngeal and extralaryngeal components and two tumors were entirely endolaryngeal. CONCLUSION Cross-sectional imaging afforded excellent evaluation of the airway as well as the extralaryngeal component of the tumor.
Evaluating In-Role and Out-of-Role Performers

Performance evaluation when in-role and out-of-role behavior are manipulated in a male sex-typed occupation was investigated. Level of performance (high and low), mode of behavior (masculine and fe...
Exploring Internet Addiction as a Process Addiction

Internet addiction is an emerging global problem with inconsistent nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and assessment tools. This review explores the complex and conflicting reports of Internet addiction in the literature in an effort to pinpoint the status of this phenomenon. We cite literature related to process additions in order to provide a framework for Internet addiction's potential place amongst diagnosable disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). Clinical implications of working with people with Internet addiction are emphasized, as is the need for future research.
Effect of centralizer on polished rod load for polymer flooding artificial lift wells

When polymer is found in polymer flooding artificial lift wells, the produced liquid is the mixture of polymer solution and crude oil, its viscosity becomes larger. The resistance of a sucker rod during down stroke increases. In order to deal with the side-abrasion of sucker rods, we generally install centralizers on sucker rods. After the installation of centralizers, the flow resistance and friction increase and which affect polished rod load. Researching the impact of centralizers on polished rod load in polymer flooding oil well, not only can evaluate the changes of polished rod load between installation of centralizer and not, but also can improve the design accuracy of centralizer location. Research shows that rheological property of produced liquid in polymer flooding oil well belongs to power-law pattern. As the increasing of polymer’s concentration, the impact of centralizer on polished rod load will increase. The impact of centralizers on the minimum polished rod load is far greater than that on the maximum polished rod load.
Steroidogenesis of cultured granulosa cells in women at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Objective To determine if cultured human granulosa cells (GCs) obtained from women at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) possess altered steroidogenic capacity. Design Prospective analysis of 28 consecutive in vitro fertilization-gamete intrafallopian transfer (IVF-GIFT) cycles. Setting In Vitro Fertilization Program at Rush Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois. Patients Eighteen patients (group I) with serum estradiol (E 2 ) levels > 7,342 pmol/L on the day of exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (day 0) with > 10 ovarian follicles present (high risk for OHSS); 10 patients (group II) with E 2 ≤ 7,342 pmol/L on day 0 and ≤ 10 follicles. Interventions Human GCs obtained during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-pretreated IVF-GIFT cycles were cultured in the absence (control) or presence (hCG) of hCG, 1 IU/mL, and/or androstenedione (A) 10 − 7 M. Granulosa cells obtained from follicles ≤ 15 mm diameter were cultured separately from those obtained from follicles > 15 mm diameter. Main Outcome Measures Estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone were measured in tissue-culture medium by a solid-phase direct radioimmunoassay. Results In vitro E 2 production by cultured GCs was significantly increased in follicles ≤ 15 mm diameter from women considered at risk of developing OHSS (group I). Estradiol response to hCG and/or A appeared enhanced in all follicles in group I. Progesterone production in the basal and hCG challenged state was greater in cells obtained from large follicles in group I than in group II. Conclusion Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome appears to be a function of an increased number of follicles that express an enhanced steroidogenic capacity.
Designing Conservative Sensor Detection Systems With Emitter Location Uncertainty

The design of sensor systems to detect an emitter at a random location with an unknown distribution is difficult because measurements are conditionally dependent and the hypothesis test is composite. This paper shows that, when sensors are at deterministic locations, these problems can be circumvented and a conservative design is achieved by adopting a least favorable distribution for the emitter location. An algorithm to achieve the design and the application to generalized likelihood ratio test detectors are presented.
Theodoros: Wurzeln und Selbstähnlichkeit (−399)

In Platons Dialog ”Theaitetos“ findet sich die Bemerkung, ein gewisser Theodoros habe die Irrationalitat der Qudratwurzeln bis √17 ”durch Zeichnungen“ bewiesen, aber nicht weiter. Benno Artmann fand 1994 heraus, welche Zeichnungen Theodoros vermutlich angefertigt hat und warum die nachfolgende Wurzel √19 fur ihn unerreichbar war. Diese verbluffend einfachen Figuren enthalten viel mehr als nur den Beweis der Irrationalitat; aus ihnen lasst sich der Wert der Quadratwurzel mit beliebiger Genauigkeit ermitteln, denn sie kodieren den unendlichen Prozess der Wechselwegnahme fur die Quadratwurzel im Verhaltnis zu Eins. Der Prozess ist periodisch, was sich in der Selbstahnlichkeit der Figuren ausdruckt. Diese Eigenschaft wurde von Theodoros bis √17 beobachtet; erst uber zwei Jahrtausende spater hat Lagrange sie allgemein bewiesen. Wir geben ein sehr einfaches Argument dafur.
Ethics Simulation in Global Health Training (ESIGHT).

Introduction Many health care trainees and providers have reported feeling unprepared for the ethical dilemmas they faced while practicing in global health. Simulation is an effective teaching moda...