cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to mental and physical stress before and during adrenoreceptor blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in essential hypertension

The effects of mental, static and dynamic stresses on physiologic parameters before and after beta-blocker (n = 24) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (n = 29) treatment were examined. Mental stress induced similar elevation in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs) with and without beta-blocker treatment. During angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment, the change in systolic BP was significantly greater (p less than 0.05). Heart rate response was attenuated by beta blockers and unchanged by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Skin temperature and galvanic skin resistance significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) with mental stress. Beta blockers did not change the response pattern, whereas the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor attenuated the stress-induced reduction of both skin temperature and galvanic skin response. After handgrip exercise, increases in systolic and diastolic BPs and heart rate were similar before and after beta-blocker treatment, whereas the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced small but significantly fewer (p less than 0.05) changes in diastolic BP and heart rate. Treadmill exercise induced similar changes in systolic and diastolic BPs with both treatments compared with no treatment. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor appears to provide additional protection to that seen with beta blockers during mental and static stressors by blunted changes in skin temperature and galvanic skin resistance.
Structural characteristics of the antigenic capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides involved in the serological classification of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae strains

Abstract The detailed structures of the specific capsular polysaccharides and cellular lipopolysaccharides of the 12 known serotypes of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae are presented and their serological relationships are discussed together with their significance in the control of swine pleuropneumonia.
On the physical origin of blue-shifted hydrogen bonds.

For blue-shifted hydrogen-bonded systems, the hydrogen stretching frequency increases rather than decreases on complexation. In computations at various levels of theory, the blue-shift in the archetypical system, F3C−H···FH, is reproduced at the Hartree−Fock level, indicating that electron correlation is not the primary cause. Calculations also demonstrate that a blue-shift does not require either a carbon center or the absence of a lone pair on the proton donor, because F3Si−H···OH2, F2NH···FH, F2PH···NH3, and F2PH···OH2 have substantial blue-shifts. Orbital interactions are shown to lengthen the X−H bond and lower its vibrational frequency, and thus cannot be the source of the blue-shift. In the F3CH···FH system, the charge redistribution in F3CH can be reproduced very well by replacing the FH with a simple dipole, which suggests that the interactions are predominantly electrostatic. When modeled with a point charge for the proton acceptor, attractive electrostatic interactions elongate the F3C−H, while...
Therapeutic Blockade of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Fails To Promote Clearance of a Persistent Viral Infection

Persistent viral infections often overburden the immune system and are a major cause of disease in humans. During many persistent infections, antiviral T cells are maintained in a state of immune exhaustion characterized by diminished effector and helper functions. In mammalian systems, an extensive immune regulatory network exists to limit unwanted, potentially fatal immunopathology by inducing T cell exhaustion. However, this regulatory network at times overprotects the host and fosters viral persistence by severely dampening adaptive immune responsiveness. Importantly, recent studies have shown that T cell exhaustion is mediated in part by host immunoregulatory pathways (e.g., programmed death 1 [PD-1], interleukin 10 [IL-10]) and that therapeutic blockade of these pathways either before or during persistent infection can promote viral clearance. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is another immunosuppressive cytokine known to impede both self- and tumor-specific T cells, but its role in regulating antiviral immunity is not entirely understood. In this study, we inhibited TGF-β with three potent antagonists to determine whether neutralization of this regulatory molecule is a viable approach to control a persistent viral infection. Our results revealed that these inhibitors modestly elevate the number of antiviral T cells following infection with a persistent variant of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) but have no impact on viral clearance. These data suggest that therapeutic neutralization of TGF-β is not an efficacious means to promote clearance of a persistent viral infection.
The role of acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase in reopening and remodeling of the developing chick esophagus

Abstract Biochemical and ultrastructural methods have been employed to determine the relationship of the lysosomal system to reopening and remodeling of the developing chick esophagus. Biochemical data indicate an increase in both acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase activity during esophageal organogenesis. The appearance of these hydrolase enzyme activities appears to be independently regulated. The increase in acid hydrolase activities parallels the increase in total protein at a time when the esophagus is greatly enlarging. The greatest activity of acid phosphatase was localized in the anterior occluded segment of the esophagus. With reformation of the lumen, the distribution of acid phosphatase becomes uniform along the organ. Increases in hydrolase activities correlate closely with cell degeneration and the differentiation of the epithelium. Acid phosphatase is identified cytochemically in the Golgi complex and lysosomes of embryonic epithelial cells. Surrounding mesenchyme contains only modest cytochemical activity. Diffuse Golgi complexes and primary lysosomes predominate during early stages studied. Secondary lysosomes and condensed Golgi complexes are characteristic of differentiating epithelium at later stages. Acid phosphatase activity appears selectively localized in vital epithelial cells, while degenerating and moribund cells, whose appearances are obligatory to the reopening process, fail to demonstrate enzymatic activity. The temporal association of increased hydrolase activity and cytochemical maturation of a lyosomal system suggests an active involvement of the system in esophageal organogenesis.
Effect of Brownian Motion on Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

Nanofluids, i.e., liquids containing nanometer sized metallic or nonmetallic solid particles, show an increase in thermal conductivity compared to that of the pure liquid. In this paper, a simple model for predicting thermal conductivity of nanofluids based on Brownian motion of nanoparticles in the liquid is developed. A general expression for the effective thermal conductivity of a colloidal suspension is derived by using ensemble averaging under the assumption of small departures from equilibrium and the presence of pairwise additive interaction potential between the nanoparticles. The resulting expression for thermal conductivity enhancement is applied to the nanofluids with a polar base fluid, such as water or ethylene glycol, by assuming an effective double layer repulsive potential between pairs of nanoparticles. It is shown that the model predicts a particle size and temperature dependent thermal conductivity enhancement. The results of the calculation are compared with the experimental data for various nanofluids containing metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles.
Experimental determination of the real elements of the density matrix of H( n =3) atoms produced in 20–100-keV collisions of H + on Kr

In continuation of our previous work, charge transfer processes occurring in protons on rare-gas-atom collisions have been investigated. Diagonal and real off-diagonal coherence elements of the density matrix for H({ital n}=3) atoms produced in 20--100-keV electron-capture collisions with Kr atoms are experimentally determined by analyzing the Balmer-{alpha} light from the decay of H atoms from the ({ital n}=3) state to the ({ital n}=2) state. The intensity and polarization of the emitted light are measured as functions of an axially symmetric electric field in the collision region. These data are fitted to a numerical model of the H atom in an electric field in order to extract density-matrix elements. The results are compared to previous studies of H{sup +} on He and Ar. The collisionally produced dipole moment of the H({ital n}=3) atom decreases for increasing atomic number of the rare-gas target atoms, which indicates that the final phase of the collision process is not essential for the formation of the dipole moment. This physical picture is further supported by our alignment data. Absolute cross sections for charge transfer to the 3{ital s}, 3{ital p}, and 3{ital d} levels are presented as well.
Alterations in Clarke's column secondary to granule cell degeneration in the neurological mutant mice, weaver and staggerer

Abstract In the neurological mutants weaver and staggerer, the granule cells either do not successfully migrate into the granular (weaver) or, having migrated, die during the second postnatal week (staggerer). We wished to determine if the resulting agranular cortex might produce retrograde transneuronal changes in the spinal cord similar to the changes observed after neonatal hemicerebellectomy. Golgi analysis of Clarke's column indicates that neurons in weaver are affected; neurons in staggerer are not. These observations support the view that neuronal maturation requires the presence of a target nucleus during ‘critical’ postnatal growth periods.
Determination of strains from fringe patterns using space-frequency representations

A new approach to the retrieval of fringe pattern frequency information is introduced. In this approach, strain information is extracted from fringe patterns by using either short-time Fourier transforms or wavelets. Space-frequency representation of the fringe signals is introduced as a tool to get the space localization of the strains. The idea of spectral energy density maxima to define the instantaneous frequency (ridge points) is presented. Examples of application are given. Results show that this approach provides an excellent tool for pattern analysis.
TIMBER HARVEST TRANSFORMS ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF SALMON IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA RAIN FOREST STREAMS

Although species commonly modify habitats and thereby influence ecosystem structure and function, the factors governing the ecological importance of these modifications are not well understood. Pacific salmon have repeatedly been shown to positively influence the abundance of benthic biota by annually transferring large quantities of nutrients from marine systems to the nutrient-poor freshwaters in which they spawn. Conversely, other studies have demonstrated that salmon can negatively influence the abundance of freshwater biota, an effect attributed to bioturbation during upstream migration and nest construction. The factors determining which of these contrasting ecological effects predominates are unknown, including how human activities, such as land use, influence ecological responses to salmon. We sampled a key basal food resource, sediment biofilm, in seven southeast Alaskan streams impacted to varying degrees by timber harvest. Biofilm abundance (measured as chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass) was positively related to timber-harvest intensity prior to salmon arrival. However, during the salmon run, an inverse relationship emerged of more abundant biofilm in less-harvested watersheds. Among-stream variability in biofilm response to salmon was largely explained by sediment particle size, which was larger in less-harvested watersheds. Collectively, these results suggest that, by altering stream sediment size, timber harvest transformed the dominant effect of salmon from nutrient enrichment to physical disturbance, thus modifying nutrient linkages between marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Perceived Income Adequacy among Elderly Retirees

Previous research indicates that elderly people generally find their incomes to be adequate, even when those incomes are relatively low. This article explores the relationship between household income and multiple measures of perceived income adequacy among elderly retirees. The authors also examine the effect of older people's assessments of health on perceptions of income adequacy. Results confirm previous findings that older people assess their financial resources as adequate. Older people who assess their health more negatively, or who had experienced recent declines in health status, assessed their financial resources as less adequate than respondents in better health who reported similar income levels.
On steady and pulsed low-blowing-ratio transverse jets

The present experimental and numerical study focuses on the vortical structures encountered in steady and pulsed low-blowing-ratio transverse jets ( ), a configuration hardly discussed in the literature. Under unforced conditions at low blowing ratio, a stable leading-edge shear-layer rollup is identified inside the jet pipe. As the blowing ratio is increased, the destabilization and evolution of this structure sheds light on the formation mechanisms of the well-known transverse jet vortical system. A discussion on the nature of the counter-rotating vortex pair in low-blowing-ratio transverse jets is also provided. Under forced conditions, the experimental observations support and extend numerical results of previous fully modulated jet studies. Large-eddy simulation results provide scaling parameters for the classification of starting vortices for partly modulated jets, as well as information on their three-dimensional dynamics. The counter-rotating vortex pair initiation is observed and detailed in both Mie scattering visualizations and simulations. The observations support a mechanism based on stretching of the starting vortical structures because of inviscid induction and partial leapfrogging. Two modes of cross-flow ingestion inside the jet pipe are described as the pulsed jet cycles from high to low values of blowing ratio.
Physiognomic Homogamy: A test of physical similarity as a factor in the mate selection process

Abstract This study tests the hypothesis that physiognomic similarity is a factor in the process of mate selection. Judges asked to match photographs of males and females who looked most alike actually paired engaged and newlywed couples to a significant degree. This study highlights the possible importance of similar physical appearance as a factor in the formation of interpersonal relationships.
Mechanisms controlling Th17 cytokine expression and host defense

Th17 cells contribute to mucosal immunity by stimulating epithelial cells to induce antimicrobial peptides, granulopoiesis, neutrophil recruitment, and tissue repair. Recent studies have identified important roles for commensal microbiota and Ahr ligands in stabilizing Th17 gene expression in vivo, linking environmental cues to CD4 T cell polarization. Epigenetic changes that occur during the transition from naive to effector Th17 cells increase the accessibility of il17a, il17f, and il22 loci to transcription factors. In addition, Th17 cells maintain the potential for expressing T-bet, Foxp3, or GATA-binding protein-3, explaining their plastic nature under various cytokine microenvironments. Although CD4 T cells are major sources of IL-17 and IL-22, innate cell populations, including γδ T cells, NK cells, and lymphoid tissue-inducer cells, are early sources of these cytokines during IL-23-driven responses. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts are important cellular targets for IL-17 in vivo; however, recent data suggest that macrophages and B cells are also stimulated directly by IL-17. Thus, Th17 cells interact with multiple populations to facilitate protection against intracellular and extracellular pathogens.
Demonstration of a Novel Mid Infrared Device: The Quantum-Dot Avalanche Photodiode (QDAP)

In this paper we demonstrate an intersubband quantum dot detector coupled to an avalanche photodiode to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and increase the operating temperature of the device. Mid-infrared photodetectors, operating in the 50-400 meV (3-25 mum) regime, have a variety of potential applications in medical diagnostics, thermal imaging, night vision cameras for battlefield recognition systems, and chip-based detection of chemical warfare agents. Intersubband quantum dot detectors have been proposed as a promising technology due to their normal incidence excitation and lower dark currents. However, the low quantum efficiency leads to a lower detectivity, responsivity and limits their operating temperature to about 70-80 K
A Comparison of Triploid Induction Validation Techniques

Abstract Triploidy induction is a technique that allows genetic manipulation of chromosome number to control reproduction and potentially create faster-growing animals; however, most methods for inducing polyploidy are not 100% effective. Using sunshine bass (white bass Morone chrysops ♀ × striped bass M. saxatilis ♂) as a model, we cross-validated the most common verification techniques: DNA staining and fluorescence quantification with a flow cytometer, erythrocyte nuclear volume with a Coulter counter particle size analyzer, silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and cytological karyotyping. Results indicated that the electronic techniques of particle size analysis and flow cytometry were the simplest and quickest methods of validation. The major drawback of both electronic ploidy determination methods is the cost of the equipment required for analysis. Cytological karyotyping was the most accurate method for determining polyploidy because actual chromosome numbers were determined. It w...
Legacy of the chameleon: Edible wild plants in the Kindom of Swaziland, Southern Africa. A cultural, ecological, nutritional study. Part II ‐ demographics, species availability and dietary use, analysis by ecological zone

This paper, the second of four, presents demographic characteristics for 211 adults and 140 school children surveyed in four ecological zones in the Kingdom of Swaziland. It identifies edible species recognized and consumed, and concludes with an analysis of edible plant use by ecological zone. Swaziland is culturally homogeneous: 90 % of persons interviewed were ethnic Swazi; 46 % had no formal education; 60 % of adults were born or had lived for more than 13 years at their present homestead in a specific ecological zone. All respondents consumed wild plants; 11 % never purchased food. More older respondents occupied the Highveld; more younger Swazi Middleveld and Lowveld. Most land was cultivated at Middleveld sites. Food production varied significantly by ecological zone; most maize was produced in the Highveld. Adults reported a range of edible species (9–90) in each of four ecological zones; adults ate, on average, ten more species than school children. Most prominently consumed edible leaves were fr...
Invariant natural killer T cells: an innate activation scheme linked to diverse effector functions

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exist in a 'poised effector' state, which enables them to rapidly produce cytokines following activation. Using a nearly monospecific T cell receptor, they recognize self and foreign lipid antigens presented by CD1d in a conserved manner, but their activation can catalyse a spectrum of polarized immune responses. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the innate-like mechanisms underlying iNKT cell activation and describe how lipid antigens, the inflammatory milieu and interactions with other immune cell subsets regulate the functions of iNKT cells in health and disease.
Quantifying desorption and rearrangement rates of carbon monoxide on a PEM fuel cell electrode

A simple procedure to quantify the rates of carbon monoxide (CO) desorption from, and simultaneous rearrangement on, supported platinum fuel cell electrode (Pt on Vulcan XC-72R) is reported. The surface coverage of CO on Pt electrode in equilibrium with bulk CO was measured from the anodic peaks in the CO stripping voltammogram. The decline in these surface coverages due to desorption and rearrangement, once CO was replaced by N2 in the gas phase was recorded and used in conjunction with a kinetic model to quantify the respective rates. Two distinct CO oxidation peaks observed in the voltammogram due to the oxidation of two distinct ad-species, namely weakly and strongly adsorbed CO (CO I ad and CO II ad), were baseline corrected and deconvoluted using a bimodal Gaussian distribution. Saturation surface coverage of CO I ad decreased with increasing temperature, while the opposite was true for CO II ad . Rearrangement from CO II ad to CO I ad was faster than the desorption rate of either CO species. The desorption rate of CO II ad was at least an order of magnitude lower than that of CO I ad molecules at all temperatures studied. The activation
A causal model for software cost estimating error

Software cost estimation is an important concern for software managers and other software professionals. The hypothesized model in this research suggests that an organization's use of an estimate influences its estimating practices which influence both the basis of the estimating process and the accuracy of the estimate. The model also suggests that the estimating basis directly influences the accuracy of the estimate. A study of business information systems managers and professionals at 112 different organizations using causal analysis with the Equations Modeling System (EQS) refined the model. The refined model shows that no managerial practice in this study discourages the use of intuition, guessing and personal memory in cost estimating. Although user commitment and accountability appear to foster algorithm-based estimating, such an algorithmic basis does not portend greater accuracy. Only one managerial practice-the use of the estimate in performance evaluations of software managers and professionals-presages greater accuracy. By implication, the research suggests somewhat ironically that the most effective approach to improve estimating accuracy may be to make estimators, developers and managers more accountable for the estimate even though it may be impossible to direct them explicitly on how to produce a more accurate one.
Prostate cancer aggressiveness locus on chromosome 7q32-q33 identified by linkage and allelic imbalance studies.

The biologic aggressiveness of prostate tumors is an important indicator of prognosis. Chromosome 7q32—q33 was recently reported to show linkage to more aggressive prostate cancer, based on Gleason score, in a large sibling pair study. We report confirmation and narrowing of the linked region using finer-scale genotyping. We also report a high frequency of allelic imbalance (AI) defined within this locus in a series of 48 primary prostate tumors from men unselected for family history or disease status. The highest frequency of AI was observed with adjacent markers D7S2531 (52%) and D7S1804 (36%). These two markers delineated a common region of AI, with 24 tumors exhibiting interstitial AI involving one or both markers. The 1.1-Mb candidate region contains relatively few transcripts. Additionally, we observed positive associations between interstitial AI at D7S1804 and early age at diagnosis (P=.03) as well as a high combined Gleason score and tumor stage (P=.06). Interstitial AI at D7S2531 was associated with a positive family history of prostate cancer (P=.05). These data imply that we have localized a prostate cancer tumor aggressiveness loci to chromosome 7q32–q33 that is involved in familial and nonfamilial forms of prostate cancer.
Sudden death following butane inhalation

Despite vigorous resuscitation, two young males died shortly after recreational inhalation of butane gas from cigarette lighter refilling cylinders. Inhaled hydrocarbons may predispose to lethal myocardial arrhythmias. The use of adrenaline in resuscitating such patients should be reconsidered.
Ecological Explanation between Manipulation and Mechanism Description

James Woodward offers a conception of explanation and mechanism in terms of interventionist counterfactuals. Based on a case from ecology, I show that ecologists’ approach to that case satisfies Woodward’s conditions for explanation and mechanism, but his conception does not fully capture what ecologists view as explanatory. The new mechanistic philosophy likewise aims to describe central aspects of mechanisms, but I show that it is not sufficient to account for ecological mechanisms. I argue that in ecology explanation involves identification of invariant and insensitive causal relationships and descriptions of the mechanistic characteristics that make these relations possible.
Critical Multicultural Citizenship Education among Black Immigrant Youth: Factors and Challenges

This study uses qualitative interviews with 18 participants across five states to examine the factors that promote enhancement of critical multicultural education for Black immigrant youth. Findings suggest that class discussion, influence of social media and technology, non-educational practices, and cultural and language differences are the leading factors that promote the advancement of critical multicultural citizenship education for participants. Participants utilized these factors to navigate the democratic education and the role of transnational identification. Findings support the need for teachers and educators to understand the cultures and best practices for teaching immigrant youth.
Thirteen Editions of The Structure of American Industry: An I.O. Perspective

This article examines the content and longevity of The Structure of American Industry, edited first by Walter Adams and later by James Brock, through its 13 editions. The changing composition of industry case studies and their contributors are chronicled. The application of the Structure–Conduct–Performance paradigm for the study of industries is also assessed. As representatives of the approach and themes of the book, the chapters on Steel and on Public Policy are explored as they evolve through the multiple editions. The impact of the 13 editions is assessed in light of other books that contain industry case studies [L1, L22, L6].
On linearity of all optical asynchronous binary delta–sigma modulator

Abstract Since the role of optical signal processing is rapidly increasing within the communication systems, the opportunity to convert the analog signal to digital pulses directly in the optical domain will result in a systems simplification. Following our previous work, this paper describes a simple highly linear all-optical delta–sigma modulator, using the gain modulation in optically coupled single mode ring lasers. The key building blocks are an optical leaky integrator and a switching device, leading to meet the requirements of high-speed dynamic response, input/averaged-output linearity, and functioning without external clock. Linearity of the modulator and the corresponding parameters are discussed in theory, simulation, and experiment.
Magnetic structure and dynamics in α- and β-phase solid oxygen

We have carried out a polarized neutron scattering study of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$- and $\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase solid oxygen. The diffuse quasielastic scattering in the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase is suggestive of three-sublattice noncollinear short-range order with an in-plane correlation length of 9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 \AA{}. $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase oxygen exhibits strong inelastic magnetic scattering with the magnon density of states peaking at 10 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 meV. A two-dimensional model is shown to describe well the magnetic properties of both phases.
Erythropoietin-induced metallothionein gene expression: role in proliferation of K562 cells.

Recent evidence has demonstrated an appreciable expression of metallothionein (MT) in erythrocytes. However, the induction of the MT protein by hematopoietic growth factors and its subsequent functional significance on clonal expansion or differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells remain elusive. We therefore examined the effects of growth factors erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), and interleukin-3 (IL-3) on MT gene expression in erythroid progenitor K562 cell line. EPO, but not IL-3 or GM-CSF, induced a 3-fold increase in MT transcripts in K562 cells. MT induction was associated with EPO-induced cellular proliferation, suggesting a specific role for MT induction by EPO in erythroid progenitor cells. However, EPO- or sodium butyrate– induced differentiation as monitored by hemoglobin formation was inhibited in K562 cells stably transfected with an expression vector containing human MT-IIA gene. This inhibition of differentiation was partially reversed in these cells by an MT antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Furthermore, the MT-induced inhibition of differentiation was associated with downregulation of EPO receptor transcripts in K562 cells. These data suggest that, among growth factors required for erythropoiesis, EPO is a potent inducer of MT, and that MT may plays a significant role in EPO-induced proliferation, but not in the erythroid-specific differentiation of the progenitor cells. Exp Biol Med 228:1033–1039, 2003
The Network Reshapes the Library: Lorcan Dempsey on Libraries, Services, and Networks. Edited by Kenneth J. Varnum: Chicago, Illinois: ALA Editions, 2014, 295 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8389-1233-1, $57.00

Editor Ken Varnum comments in his introduction how “closely intertwined the milestones of my career and Lorcan's weblog were.” I imagine Varnum's statement rings true for many of us who have benefi...
Increased risk of stroke and mortality following new-onset atrial fibrillation during hospitalization

Aims The outcome of patients who develop new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during hospitalization is unknown, and the management of this patient population is not specifically addressed by current guidelines. We investigated the incidence of death and inhospital stroke among a large cohort of hospitalized inpatients who developed new-onset AF. Methods and results All patients ≥50 years of age admitted to a tertiary academic medical centre (20 April 2005 to 31 December 2011; n = 84 919) were studied. Demographic variables were compared among patients categorized as having new-onset, pre-existing, or no AF. A propensity-matched analysis was employed to compare outcomes by generalized estimating equations. Primary endpoints were all-cause 30-day and 1-year mortality and inhospital stroke. New-onset AF occurred in 1749 (2.1%) hospitalized patients. Among patients with new-onset AF, mortality at 30 days and 1 year was higher compared with patients without AF (at 30 days: OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.72–3.02, P < 0.0001; at 1 year: RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.36–1.73, P < 0.0001), and compared with patients with pre-existing AF at 30 days (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06–2.17, P = 0.02) —an effect that persisted as non-significant trend at 1 year (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98–1.34, P = 0.09). Risk of inhospital stroke was higher in patients with new-onset AF compared with patients without AF (OR 4.53, 95% CI 1.36–15.11, P = 0.02). Among patients with new-onset AF, the CHA2DS2-Vasc score correlated with incidence of inhospital stroke. Conclusion New-onset AF among hospitalized inpatients is independently associated with an increased incidence of stroke and mortality.
Preparation of Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a concise description of the steps involved in preparing and maintaining organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. There is variability in the amount and type of anticoagulants contained in commercial plasmas. Fill the dish with enough 95% ethanol to cover the coverslips and soak them overnight. Replace the 95% ethanol with 100% ethanol and soak overnight. Sterilize instruments by dunking in 70% ethanol and then in 95% ethanol. Large scissors and spatulas should be flamed in the alcohol lamp after removing from 95% ethanol. It is recommended that you start with rat or mouse pups that are 5–7 days old. Younger animals can also be used, but the dissection will be more challenging. Animals older than 10 days rarely survive more than a few days in vitro . Hold top of head nose down over the petri dish. Using a spatula dipped in HBSS, push the brain stem, cerebellum, and midbrain down gently, leaving the cortex and hippocampus inside the dorsal skull.
Recognizing and Treating Uncommon Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents Who Have Been Severely Maltreated: Dissociative Disorders

Children who have experienced severe maltreatment may use dissociation as a strategy to cope with the ongoing trauma of their maltreatment. Although dissociation may help children cope with maltreatment, it can become maladaptive if it is used in other contexts. This article explores the symptoms of dissociate disorders and the ways that maladaptive dissociation can develop in maltreated children. Strategies for distinguishing dissociative disorders from other disorders in children are reviewed and treatment strategies for children and adolescents with maladaptive dissociation, and their families, are explored.
Commercial Buildings Partnership Projects - Metered Data Format and Delivery

A number of the Commercial Building Partnership Projects (CBPs) will require metering, monitoring, data analysis and verification of savings after the retrofits are complete. Although monitoring and verification (M&V) agents are free to use any metering and monitoring devices that they chose, the data they collect should be reported to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in a standard format. PNNL will store the data collected in its CBP database for further use by PNNL and U.S. Department of Energy. This document describes the data storage process and the deliver format of the data from the M&V agents.
A 15-step synthesis of (+)-ryanodol

(+)-Ryanodine and (+)-ryanodol are complex diterpenoids that modulate intracellular calcium-ion release at ryanodine receptors, ion channels critical for skeletal and cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling and synaptic transmission. Chemical derivatization of these diterpenoids has demonstrated that certain peripheral structural modifications can alter binding affinity and selectivity among ryanodine receptor isoforms. Here, we report a short chemical synthesis of (+)-ryanodol that proceeds in only 15 steps from the commercially available terpene (S)-pulegone. The efficiency of the synthesis derives from the use of a Pauson-Khand reaction to rapidly build the carbon framework and a SeO2-mediated oxidation to install three oxygen atoms in a single step. This work highlights how strategic C–O bond constructions can streamline the synthesis of polyhydroxylated terpenes by minimizing protecting group and redox adjustments.
Racial Threat, Intergroup Contact, and School Punishment:

Objectives:Drawing on the racial threat and intergroup contact literatures, we explore whether (1) a school’s racial or ethnic context increases school suspensions for Black, Hispanic, and White st...
Thinking Outside the Civil Case Box: Reformulating Pretrial Conference Laws

The civil case box generally described in written civil procedure laws references only presented claims and their named parties, including representative attorneys and agents tied to recovery or liability. Yet in many civil cases there must also be determined unpresented claims (i.e., insurance coverage) and nonparty interests (i.e., contingent or expert witness fee recovery). Unrepresented claims and non-party interests should be processed, like presented claims, with a view toward "just, speedy, and inexpensive" resolutions. Such resolutions can be facilitated through pretrial conferencing. Written pretrial conference laws should be amended to encompass all that may be settled or tried in civil cases. These laws, for example, should speak to who may be directed to attend judicial settlement conferences and the role of trial courts in later enforcing settlements in the very cases in which they occurred.
A Hierarchical Controller for an Automated Highway Vehicle

Abstract The safety, efficiency and reliability of a vehicle's longitudinal and lateral controllers can be substantially enhanced by employing a hierarchical control structure. Here, a two-level configuration, which consists of a single, top-level “supervisor” and three lower level “underlings” was developed. Each of the latter receives inputs pertaining to steering, braking, and acceleration. Thus, three processed outputs are available for control of each of these functions, and reliability is enhanced through redundancy. This configuration was implemented and evaluated in a laboratory simulation, wherein empirically developed models of a vehicle's longitudinal and lateral dynamics were employed. This evaluation, which encompassed a variety of computer failure scenarios in a number of typical traffic situations, demonstrated that vehicle control was effected as if the failures had not occurred.
Noninvasive Stabilization of Periodic Orbits in O4-Symmetrically Coupled Systems Near a Hopf Bifurcation Point

Pyragas time-delayed feedback control has proven itself as an effective tool to noninvasively stabilize periodic solutions. In a number of publications, this method was adapted to equivariant settings. In this paper, we consider O4-symmetric systems of van der Pol and optical oscillators coupled in a cube-like configuration. These systems undergo equivariant Hopf bifurcations giving rise to multiple branches of unstable periodic solutions. We introduce a delayed control term, which ensures stabilization of a selected branch. Group theoretic restrictions which help to shape our choice of control are discussed. Furthermore, we explicitly describe the domains in a two-dimensional parameter space for which the periodic solutions of the delayed system are stable.
Parallel algorithms for polygonal and rectilinear geometry

Parallel algorithms are presented for geometric problems of two types: problems about simple polygons and problems dealing with the rectilinear metric. Of the first type, an important result presented is an efficient parallel algorithm to compute shortest paths and shortest path trees in simple polygons. Applications of this shown include an efficient parallel algorithm to compute farthest neighbors of vertices of a simple polygon (both with distances measured by shortest paths internal and external to the polygon), an efficient parallel algorithm to determine if two simple polygons may be separated by a single translation, and an NC algorithm to compute the Voronoi diagram of a set of points inside a simple polygon. Another result presented is an optimal parallel algorithm to decide if a simple polygon is monotone. Of the second type, the important result obtained is an optimal parallel algorithm to compute the Voronoi diagram of a set of points on the plane under the rectilinear metric. Another result is an NC algorithm to find the shortest rectilinear path between two points on the plane avoiding rectangular barriers. The third result presented is an optimal parallel algorithm to bipartition a planar point set into two subsets of prescribed rectilinear diameter.
Rare Metastasis of Primary Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma to the Bladder

Pancreatic cancer commonly metastasizes to the liver, lungs, stomach, bone, and bowel, but rarely does it spread to the bladder. We describe a case of a 66-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus who presented with abnormal liver function laboratory tests, abdominal discomfort, unintentional weight loss, and no urinary symptoms. Abdominal CT revealed a pancreatic and bladder mass. Pathology of the bladder mass confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of pancreaticobiliary origin. To our knowledge, this is only the third case of metastatic pancreatic cancer spreading to the bladder since 1953.
The “JOG Your Right Brain Exercise” at ISAGA 88

ABSTRACT JOG Your Right Brain (JOG) demonstrates the projective differential (PD) procedure, which may be utilized in various educational, consulting, developmental and research efforts for individuals, groups and organizations. PD responses are rapidly made choices from a set of pairings of abstract visual images created by the presenters. The choices are in response to the question “which image from each pairing seems somehow to be more like —-”, with a topic filling the blank. JOG allows participants to explore and share their intuitive reactions and feelings toward four topics which are tailor-made for the session. Topics always include the participants themselves and may also include organizations, plans, projects – even games and simulations. Individual results are scored and interpreted during the session on a two-part form which permits both the administrator and participants to retain copies. The scores provide nonverbal measures of attitude and identification toward the topics as well as of self-esteem. A PD study conducted in Japan and America showed the measures to have intercultural validity. The JOG exercise provides participants with new insights into their perceptions of the specific topics covered and also develops new abilities in using intuitive processes as well as new appreciations of how their thoughts and feelings blend together. Results from JOG at ISAGA 88 are discussed.
Marking Communicative Repertoire Through Metacommentary

In this chapter, I illustrate that people accumulate idiosyncratic experiences as a repertoire of communicative resources and, in many everyday interactions, use those elements to strike out in new, more loosely encoded, de-enregistered ways. In the face of this kind of everyday creativity, however, a question arises: How do people make sense of each other? Without adhering to the normative expectations of language, dialect and register, how do people interacting know what counts as a communicatively relevant repertoire element? This chapter answers that question by using the concept of metacommentary—or comments about language—as a new ordering principal for understanding heteroglossic communication.
Degrees of polarity and mutual polarization of ions in the molecules of alkali fluorides, SrO, and BaO

The quantity p=μ/er, introduced in 1928 in order to examine the influence of ionic deformation on the polarity of the HCl and HBr molecules, is used here as a measure of the degree of polarity of the molecules M+F−. Correspondingly, for the molecules M2+O2− the degree of polarity is p=μ/2 er. Using reliable experimental data for μ and r, it is shown that the molecule NaF has, among diatomic molecules, the highest known (0.878) degree of polarity, in confirmation of a prediction of 1925, while CsF has, among the alkali fluorides, the smallest p (0.699). Correspondingly, the isoelectronic BaO has a smaller p (0.426 vs 0.483) than SrO.
The Texas Preschool Screening Inventory

Of the more than 4 million children in the United States classified as educationally handicapped (Martin, 1980), more than half are classified as having hearing, speech, or learning disabilities. Many of these youngsters have subtle deficits not readily identified by routine pediatric examination. Furthermore, most of the available screening examinations are somewhat laborious and not well suited for routine office use (Smith, 1978).
NATURAL KILLER CELLS IN HAMSTERS AND THEIR EARLY AUGMENTATION AND LATE SUPPRESSION DURING TUMOR GROWTH

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the natural killer (NK) cells in hamsters and their early augmentation and late suppression during tumor growth. In the study described in the chapter, adult randombred SPF hamsters in a closed isolation colony were given a transplant of 10 7 SA7 cultured tumor cells subcutaneously (SC), and their spleen cell-mediated cytolytic activity was measured at various days post-transplant, along with normal age-matched controls. In addition to the SA7 target, against which specific T-cell immunity may also have been induced, cell-mediated cytotoxicity was also tested against an unrelated (human) target, K562, to assess NK-cell activity more directly, rather than a combination of NK and immune T-cell cytotoxic activity. It was observed that five and seven days post-transplant of SA7 cells, when there was little or no visible tumor, spleen NK activity was greatly augmented. But on day eleven post-transplant, when the tumor was medium in size, activity was 35–39% of control level. At 21 and 28 days when the SC tumor was large, cytolytic activity was even more severely depressed.
Message about the Election of TCDE Chair.

The Chair of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Data Engineering (TCDE) is elected for a two-year period. The mandate of the current Chair, Paul Larson, is coming to an end and it is time to elect a Chair for the next two years. The TCDE Chair Nominating Committee, consisting of Paul Larson, Erich Neuhold, and Calton Pu is nominating David Lomet for the position as Chair of TCDE. A call for nominations was published in the June issue of the Data Engineering Bulletin but no other nominations were received. Erich Neuhold TCDE Nominating Committee Chair
The Community-Based Service Continuum

Continuing problems in implementation and linkage of treatments and recent changes in national economy and policy have presented serious challenges to the deinstitutionalization of several populations. This chapter focuses on issues and suggests strategies that concern system designers and administrators in community-based service continua.
Lipid Profiles in Out-of-Hospital Sudden Unexpected Death.

Abstract Objective To determine the association between serum lipid measurements and the occurrence of out-of-hospital sudden unexpected death (OHSUD). Patients and Methods We compared 139 OHSUD cases (43 female patients [30.9%]) and 968 controls (539 female patients [55.7%]) from Wake County, North Carolina, from March 1, 2013, through February 28, 2015. Individuals were included if they were aged 18 to 64 years and had lipid measurements in the 5 years before their death (cases) or the most recent health care encounter (controls). Covariates were abstracted from medical records for all subjects, and those with triglyceride (TG) levels greater than 400 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259) were excluded for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–related analyses. Results By linear regression using age- and sex-adjusted models, cases of OHSUD had lower adjusted mean total cholesterol (170.3±52.2 mg/dL vs 188.9±39.7 mg/dL; P Conclusion Out-of-hospital sudden unexpected death cases had more favorable levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and non-HDL, possibly indicating a lack of association between traditional lipid cardiovascular risk factors and sudden unexpected death. A comparatively elevated TG/HDL-C ratio in cases may corroborate an evolving hypothesis of how vasoactive and prothrombotic remnant-like lipoprotein particles contribute to sudden unexpected death.