cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contradictory Renal Function Measured With Mercaptoacetyltriglycine Diuretic Renography in Unilateral Hydronephrosis

AbstractPurpose: We studied apparently supranormal renal function in hydronephrotic kidneys, as measured by99m technetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine renography.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical history, ultrasonography and renography of 29 children.Results: Of the 29 children 7 had greater than 50 percent relative function in the hydronephrotic kidney. This finding was independent of patient age, gender, degree of hydronephrosis or obstructive pattern. Of these 7 cases 6 occurred on the right side (p less than 0.05 versus a large registry).Conclusions: In most cases supranormal renal function is caused by a technical problem, likely the inadequate background subtraction of mercaptoacetyltriglycine in the liver.
Barack Obama, the Democratic Party, and the Evolution of the American Party System

This paper analyzes Obama’s relationship to the Democratic Party in historical perspective. It shows that Obama has established a complex and ambivalent relationship with the Democratic Party, in some ways strengthening, and in others enervating, his party. Nonetheless, nationalized, disciplined, and programmatic political parties appear to be a fixture of the contemporary political scene.
The genesis of efferent connections from the visual cortex of the fetal rhesus monkey.

The prenatal development of the cortical projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), superior colliculus (SC) and pulvinar was studied by autoradiography of orthogradely transported 3H-proline injected into the occipital cortex of fetal rhesus monkeys aged from embryonic day 63 (E63) to E95. Differentiation of pyramidal neurons situated in the infragranular strata of the cortical plate (prospective layers 5 and 6, which give rise to these efferent projections) was also examined in Golgi preparations prepared from specimens of corresponding embryonic ages. In autoradiographs of the E63 fetus, no radioactive label was seen in subcortical structures. In two specimens injected around E70, label was present in the prospective magnocellular layers of the LGN and within the immediately surrounding cell-poor zones. At these young fetal ages, the presence of topographic order in the corticogeniculate projection could not be determined due to the large size of the injection sites relative to the small cerebral vesicles. By E84 the portion of the prospective parvocellular layers adjacent to the white matter also contained label which was characteristically wedge-shaped and appropriately located with respect to the site of the cortical injection, suggesting that topographic order is established. In the oldest fetus (E95) label in the LGN assumed a configuration similar to that seen in the adult. The cortical projection also invades the SC and pulvinar around E70. In the SC, label was initially confined to the stratum opticum, but by E84 it extended into the superficial gray. Thus, all known classes of efferent pathways from the visual cortex to subcortical structures are present by the middle of the 165-day gestational period in rhesus monkey. The one-month period, E63–E97, during which these efferent visual connections are established is characterized by the considerable growth and increased complexity of the dendritic arborization of pyramidal cells in the infragranular cortical layers of area 17. Thus the development of visual cortical efferents occurs in rough synchrony with the genesis of the afferent pathway from the LGN (Rakic, '76a; '79) and with the onset of morphological differentiation of pyramidal neurons in the infragranular cortical layers.
The impact of tillage and residual nitrogen on wheat

Abstract Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality is influenced by management of the previous crop but is highly dependent on current year management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of winter wheat seeded in two tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT)] to four N rates applied to a previous cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg ha −1 ). The experiment with wheat was conducted on a Dothan sandy loam (fine, loamy siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) at the University of Florida North Florida Research and Education Center near Quincy, FL from 1995 to 1997. For most plant characteristics, there was a tillage x N x year interaction. Greater plant emergence (79.4 vs. 65.3%) and grain N (23.5 vs. 21.5 g kg −1 ), and lower grain moisture (139 vs. 142 g kg −1 ) were obtained under NT than CT, respectively, in one out of two years. Nitrogen applied to a previous cotton crop increased wheat grain yields, plant height and seed number under NT in 1995–1996 and CT in 1996–1997, head density under NT in both years, harvest index under CT in 1996–1997, and grain N concentration in 1995–1996 and 1996–1997 due to residual plant and soil N. With every 1 kg N applied to a previous cotton crop, wheat grain yields increased by 5.38 kg ha −1 under NT, whereas grain yield under CT was not influenced by N application to cotton in 1995–1996. In 1996–1997, grain yields increased by 4.96 and 4.23 kg ha −1 for wheat grown in NT and CT, respectively. Generally, wheat seeded in NT following cotton did not decrease stand or yields compared to CT and wheat grain yields and grain N content increased with N fertilization of the previous crop. However, we would have to apply about 134 kg N ha −1 to a previous cotton crop to maximize wheat production under NT and CT.
Political Aspsects of Ecologically Sustainable Development

In less than two decades, the concepts of limits to growth and of the necessity of an ecologically sustainable economic order have gained international recognition. These concepts are not yet understood by most people or most governments, but belief in the necessity for planning for a sustainable future is growing. Several lines of strategy are necessary to obtain a truly global commitment to sustainable programmes of development that will simultaneously protect The Biosphere. Among those now undertaken are the World Conservation Strategy, the international environmental education movement formalized at Tbilisi in 1977, and the World Campaign for The Biosphere. Educational efforts are necessary but insufficient to move the world into an ecologically sustainable mode of behaviour. Political action that reflects moral conviction roused by scientific information will also be necessary. Safeguarding the environmental future and The Biosphere requires a social commitment of a moral, quasi-religious character.
ELECTRONIC STATES OF THE HAFNIUM TRIMER (HF3)

Abstract The equilibrium geometries and bending potential energy surfaces of twelve electronic states of the hafnium trimer (Hf3) are obtained by the complete active space multi-configuration self-consistent field (CAS-MCSCF) followed by multi-reference configuration interaction computations (MRSDCI) that included up to 2.23 million configurations. The spin–orbit effects were found to be quite significant. We reassign the recently observed spectra of Hf3 to arise from an A1 spin–orbit state of 3 A 2 .
Pharmacological characterization of 4-hydroxy-n-desmethyl-tamoxifen (ENDOXIFEN) AND 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OHTAM)

Tamoxifen is an important drug for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. This drug is extensively oxidized to several metabolites, some of which have notably increased potency relative to the parent drug. We characterized the pharmacological properties of endoxifen with respect to the binding affinity, anti-proliferative activity, and effects on the expression of estrogen-regulated genes, in comparison with those of 4OHTAM. In estrogen receptor (ER) binding assays, endoxifen and 4OHTAM showed identical binding affinity for the α- and β-estrogen receptors. Both compounds antagonized 17β-estradiol (E2)-stimulated growth of several ER-positive breast cancer cell lines equipotently (IC50 ~50nM). In expression studies of estrogen-regulated genes using northern blot and real-time RT-PCR, endoxifen and 4OHTAM showed similar inhibitory potency towards estrogen-induced pS2 and progesterone receptor mRNA expression. These data strongly suggest that endoxifen has essentially equivalent activity to 4OHTAM. Since human plasma concentrations of endoxifen are ~7-fold higher than 4OHTAM following therapeutic doses of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients, we suggest that endoxifen is the major active metabolite of tamoxifen in vivo. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P19–P19; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.073
Training the Next Generation of Teaching Professors: A Comparative Study of Ph.D. Programs in Political Science.

in this article, we investigate the graduate curricula of political science programs and 122 Ph.D.-granting political science programs in the United States and how they seek to prepare political science teachers. We first investigate whether the department offers a ded icated political science course at the graduate level on college teaching, and whether the pres ence of this class correlates with the size of the department, the size of the university, the ranking of the department, and so on. We find that whether a program offers a graduate course on teaching is inversely related to the research productivity of a department, and that departments at public institutions are more likely to offer such courses than are depart ments at private institutions. Second, we conduct content analysis of a sample of syllabi from departments that offer such courses to ascertain the kinds of topics that are covered/Finally, we briefly describe some model programs that seek to prepare graduate students for teach ing careers that integrate graduate student teacher training throughout the Ph.D. program.
Immunization with Genetic Toxoids of the Arcanobacterium pyogenes Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin, Pyolysin, Protects Mice against Infection

Pyolysin (PLO), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin expressed by Arcanobacterium pyogenes, is an important host-protective antigen. However, this molecule is toxic and requires inactivation prior to its use as a vaccine. Three genetically toxoided, nonhemolytic PLO molecules, HIS-PLO.F497, HIS-PLO.ΔP499, and HIS-PLO.A522, were found to be nontoxic, and vaccinated mice were protected from infection, indicating the potential of these toxoids as vaccines. Furthermore, in a mouse model of infection, A. pyogenes carrying the F497 mutation was as attenuated as a PLO-deficient strain, indicating that the cytolytic activity of PLO is important in virulence.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript (LAT) Enhancer/rcr Is Hyperacetylated during Latency Independently of LAT Transcription

During herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency, only one region of the viral genome is actively transcribed: the region encoding the latency-associated transcript (LAT). A previous study demonstrated that during latency the LAT promoter is hyperacetylated at histone H3 (K9, K14) relative to lytic genes examined. In the present study, we examine the acetylation profile of regions downstream of the LAT promoter during a latent infection of murine dorsal root ganglia. These analyses revealed the following: (i) the region of the genome containing the 5' exon of the LAT primary transcript was at least as enriched in acetylated H3 as the LAT promoter, and (ii) the region of hyperacetylation does not extend to the ICP0 promoter. In order to assess the contribution of LAT transcription to the acetylation of the 5' exon region, the acetylation profile of KOS/29, a recombinant with a deletion of the LAT promoter, was examined. The region containing the 5' exon of KOS/29 was hyperacetylated relative to lytic gene regions in the absence of detectable LAT transcription. These results indicate that the region containing the 5' exon of LAT, known to contain enhancer activities and to be critical for induced reactivation (rcr), exists in a chromatin structure during latency that is distinct from other lytic gene regions. This result suggests a role for the 5' exon LAT enhancer region as a cis-acting regulator of transcription that maintains a transcriptionally permissive chromatin domain in the HSV-1 latent episome.
New-category knowledge systems for human-computer cooperation

Two categories of knowledge-based systems are proposed. These are knowledge sharing systems and knowledge communication systems. The essence of the knowledge sharing systems is that knowledge suppliers are the system users, thereby encouraging the users to share and use knowledge that they have provided. Knowledge communication systems provide users with unexpected knowledge that is chosen from the knowledge base by the user's colleagues. Knowledge communication systems use not only the user's intuitive judgment, but also the colleague's intuitive judgment to connect independent pieces of knowledge. Since knowledge sharing systems require knowledge variety, implementation strategies involve approaching large domains and applying a give-and-take principle to acquire knowledge. In knowledge communication systems, establishment of a colleague (user) database is an important task. >
Greenhouse gas implications of using coal for transportation: Life cycle assessment of coal-to-liquids, plug-in hybrids, and hydrogen pathways

Using coal to produce transportation fuels could improve the energy security of the United States by replacing some of the demand for imported petroleum. Because of concerns regarding climate change and the high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with conventional coal use, policies to encourage pathways that utilize coal for transportation should seek to reduce GHGs compared to petroleum fuels. This paper compares the GHG emissions of coal-to-liquid (CTL) fuels to the emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) powered with coal-based electricity, and to the emissions of a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) that uses coal-based hydrogen. A life cycle approach is used to account for fuel cycle and use-phase emissions, as well as vehicle cycle and battery manufacturing emissions. This analysis allows policymakers to better identify benefits or disadvantages of an energy future that includes coal as a transportation fuel. We find that PHEVs could reduce vehicle life cycle GHG emissions by up to about one-half when coal with carbon capture and sequestration is used to generate the electricity used by the vehicles. On the other hand, CTL fuels and coal-based hydrogen would likely lead to significantly increased emissions compared to PHEVs and conventional vehicles using petroleum-based fuels.
Use of the Multinomial Dirichlet Model for Analysis of Subdivided Genetic Populations

The distribution found by compounding the multinomial distribution with the Dirichlet distribution has been suggested as a basis for the estimation of parameters in subdivided populations, in particular of the "correlation between genotypes" within subpopulations. It is shown that the estimators deriving from these procedures perform poorly when the data are generated by the classical Wright drift model of subdivided populations. This conclusion suggests that the compound distribution estimation approach does not provide a good estimation procedure for real populations which are reasonably described by the Wright model.
Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms

AbstractNative freshwater mussels can influence the aquatic N cycle, but the mechanisms and magnitude of this effect are not fully understood. We assessed the effects of Amblema plicata and Lampsilis cardium on N transformations over 72 d in 4 continuous-flow mesocosms, with 2 replicates of 2 treatments (mesocosms with and without mussels), equipped with electronic water-chemistry sensors. We compared sensor data to discrete sample data to assess the effect of additional sensor measurements on the ability to detect mussel-related effects on NO3– formation. Analysis of 624 sensor-based data points detected a nearly 6% increase in NO3– concentration in overlying water of mesocosms with mussels relative to mesocosms without mussels (p < 0.05), whereas analysis of 36 discrete samples showed no statistical difference in NO3– between treatments. Mussels also significantly increased NO2– concentrations in the overlying water, but no significant difference in total N was observed. We used the sensor data for phyt...
Basics of Intracoronary Devices

In the present era of ever expanding interventional cardiology, there are various intracoronary devices apart from stents and balloon which have found their place in the catheterization laboratory. This chapter outlines basic coronary devices and their usage.
The Integrated Curriculum of the Future: Eliminating a Hidden Curriculum to Unveil a New Era of Collaboration, Practical Training, and Interdisciplinary Learning

This article seeks to challenge traditional methods of assessment used in U.S. law schools, specifically the final exam format and the grade and rank system. Such methods breed competition and elitism that have plagued the legal profession long enough. Instead, future curricula should require assessment based on large-scale collaboration, interdisciplinary techniques, and learned interpersonal skills. This shift in assessment should include fostering student development toward a post-conventional moral schema necessary to enrich our profession. The challenge is how rapidly faculties are able to transform curricula to include such initiatives and showcase the strength of such design. This change alone may cause entrenchment; however, the question is not whether faculties desire to sit and contemplate the best path for integrating skills. Rather, the larger momentum requires faculties to take steps toward integrated curricula. Each school will ultimately choose a path unique to its culture, resources, and the outcomes desired by its faculty. This paper visualizes one path for curricular integration but recognizes the many possible successes of other avenues.
Patterns of HIV risk and preventive behaviors among teenage men.

Abstract Analyses of the 1988 National Survey of Adolescent Males indicate the prevalence of risk behaviors related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, including sexual, contraceptive, and drug use behaviors, among 15- to 19-year-old men. About three-fifths had sexual intercourse, indicating that a majority of teenage men have at least some potential exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted disease. From a behavioral perspective, the average sexually active teenage man used a condom more than half the time in the 12 months before the interview. Those with most experience with sexual intercourse, however, used condoms least frequently. More important from an epidemiologic perspective, a third of all acts of intercourse in the prior year were protected using condoms. Further, behaviors with the greatest direct risks for HIV infection, such as homosexual intercourse, use of intravenous drugs, and sex with intravenous drug users or prostitutes, appear to be relatively uncommon. Teenage men who demonstrate high-risk behavior, including both sexual and substance abuse, compound their risks, because risks generally are correlated. Condom use is a preventive behavior that is negatively correlated with most risk behaviors; those who have multiple partners, or who are substance abusers, tend to use condoms least. The convergence of risks for multi-problem teenage men indicates the relevance of interventions directed to high-risk youths.
Adverse Cardiac Events and the Impaired Relaxation Left Ventricular Filling Pattern

Background Increasing diastolic dysfunction (DD) grade is associated with increased heart failure (HF). Patients with preserved ejection fractions and grade 1 DD may have left atrial dilatation, e′ 8 may be associated with a greater incidence of HF. Methods Two hundred twelve patients with grade 1 DD and ejection fractions > 50% were retrospectively studied. Group 1 comprised 108 patients with E/A ratios 8. Patients with incident HF and valvular or coronary disease were excluded. Using two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography, LV and left atrial volumes and transmitral spectral and tissue Doppler were analyzed. Medical records were examined for laboratory data, HF admissions, and all-cause mortality from 2004 to 2012. Results Despite similar ejection fractions, patients in group 2 had greater LV and left atrial volumes, LV mass index values, and E/e′ ratios ( P P P P P = .0123), and LV mass index ( P = .042). Combined HF or all-cause mortality was associated with E/e′ ratio ( P P = .009), and lower calcium channel blocker use ( P = .0011). Conclusions HF alone or HF and all-cause mortality were increased in patients with grade 1 DD in the presence of LV hypertrophy or elevated LV filling pressures.
Methods for Characterizing the Reliability of Deployable Modules for Large Optical Reflectors

The In-Space Telescope Assembly Robotics (ISTAR) project has proposed an architecture for a large robotically-assembled telescope in space, comprised of many deployable truss modules. The truss modules are based on the Pactruss deployment scheme and are equipped with Rolamite tape spring hinges. Fabrication and assembly errors that arise from bulk manufacturing the modules may make the deployment unreliable. A simulation toolkit has been developed to characterize the deployment behavior of the module in the presence of such errors. This paper first outlines the details of the toolkit, including the truss model, the Rolamite hinge model, and the simulation methodology. It then describes the experiment designed to validate the toolkit. A module was constructed and deployed while tracking the displacements of a select node and the rotations of the Rolamite hinges. The measured shape of this module was recreated in the simulation model and the same parameters were obtained. It was found that the experimental and simulated nodal displacements matched within 10%. The experimental hinge behavior was generally captured in the simulation, with some discrepancies in the latching of one hinge. The possible causes for the discrepancies and ongoing work to improve the results are discussed in the paper.
Baseline renal function and surgical revascularization in atherosclerotic renal arterial disease in the elderly.

From 1975 to 1984, 107 patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age had surgical revascularization at the Cleveland Clinic for correction of atherosclerotic renal arterial disease. To evaluate the effect of baseline renal function (RF) on outcome in older patients, the patients were retrospectively divided according to their preoperative serum creatinine levels into Group I, less than or equal to 1.4 (N = 26), and Group II, greater than or equal to 1.5 (N = 81). Extrarenal atherosclerosis was more frequent in Group II (P less than .005). Higher rates of complications were seen both in Group II and with extrarenal atherosclerosis, but these associations did not achieve statistical significance (P = .07). Baseline RF did not affect results, but after revascularization, the fall in diastolic blood pressure was greater in Group I (28.2 +/- 4.4 mmHg v 17.4 +/- 1.8 mmHg, P less than .05). No such effect was noted in systolic blood pressure or in the frequency of cure or improvement v failure. Operative mortality for the entire group was 2.8%.
Experimental research on FBG monitoring vibration parameters

The theoretical model of the vibration parameters got from measuring the wavelength of FBG sensing component are established,through theoretical analysis of FBG sensor.The method of measuring system's signal processing are presented.The experimental results of the FBG sensor and the accelerometer are also compared.
Metal-metal hip resurfacing : Solution to a nonexistent problem

Second-decade survivorship may not be as predictable for total hip resurfacing as for THA. The operation requires more surgical exposure and is more difficult to perform reliably than a large-head metal-on-metal THA. Perhaps we have solved some of our prior dilemmas and created some new risks for the future with hip resurfacing arthroplasty, with many questions remaining unanswered. For now, we will stick with what works and solves real clinical problems for both the surgeon and the patient: the conventional THA with a large-head metal-on-metal articulation.
E-cigarette use results in suppression of immune and inflammatory-response genes in nasal epithelial cells similar to cigarette smoke

Exposure to cigarette smoke is known to result in impaired host defense responses and immune suppressive effects. However, the effects of new and emerging tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, on...
Evaluation of gene panel mRNAs in urine samples of kidney transplant recipients as a non-invasive tool of graft function.

Non-invasive monitoring may be useful after kidney transplantation (KT), particularly for predicting acute rejection (AR). It is less clear whether chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is also associated with changes in urine cells. To identify non-invasive markers of allograft function in kidney transplant patients (KTP), mRNA levels of AGT, TGF-β1, EGFR, IFN-γ, TSP-1, and IL-10 in urine (Ur) samples were studied using QRT-PCR. Ninety-five KTP and 111 Ur samples were evaluated. Patients (Pts) were divided as, within six months (N = 31), and with more than six months post-KT (N = 64). KTP with more than six months post-KT were classified as KTP with stable kidney function (SKF) (N = 32), KTP with SKF (creatinine 500 mg/24 h (N = 18), and KTP with biopsy proven CAN (N = 14). F-test was used to test for equality of variances between groups. IL-10 mRNA was decreased in Ur samples from KTP with less than six months post-KT (P = 0.005). For KTR groups with more than six months post-KT, AGT and EGFR mRNA were statistically different among KTP with SKF, KTP with SKF and proteinuria, and CAN Pts (P= 0.003, and P = 0.01), with KTP with SKF having higher mean expression. TSP-1 mRNA levels also were significantly different among these three groups (P = 0.04), with higher expression observed in CAN Pts. Using the random forest algorithm, AGT, EGFR, and TGF-β1 were identified as predictors of CAN, SKF, SKF with proteinuria. A characteristic pattern of mRNA levels in the different KTP groups was observed indicating that the mRNA levels in Ur cells might reflect allograft function.
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THIN SHELL STRUCTURES

Summary This is a brief report of the recent research work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the dynamics of thin shell structures in the plastic range. Two problems will be discussed here: the first one is the problem of large plastic deformation of shells under intensive loading of very short durations; the second one is the dynamic response of thin shell beams after a buckling failure has occurred.
Signaling Boundary Conditions Drive Self-Organization of Human “Gastruloids”

Morphogenesis requires tissues to sense and respond to their geometry. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Etoc et al. (2016) show that a confined colony of human embryonic stem cells can spontaneously sense its boundary, generating a self-organized TGF-β signaling gradient that patterns it into a tissue resembling a gastrulating embryo.
Insertional Activation of GLI2 in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.

Abstract Retroviruses induce cancer by integrating into the cellular genome and activating oncogenes or inactivating tumor suppressor genes. Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a complex retrovirus, induces Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) after a latency of over 30 years and in only 5% of carriers. The long latency and incomplete penetrance is similar to how slow transforming retroviruses induce cancer in mice and imply multiple oncogenic “hits” need to accumulate for clinically apparent disease. Insertional mutagenesis may be one mechanism by which ATLL develops. We used splinkerette-PCR to clone and map insertion sites from an HTLV-1 infected T-cell line, Hut-102. We identified an HTLV-1 insertion 5′ of the GLI2 gene, formerly known as Tax-Helper-Protein-1. We found GLI2 was up-regulated by promoter insertion. Interestingly, we found GLI2 protein occupied the HTLV-1 Long Terminal Repeat. The effect of GLI2 expression on viral expression was investigated by knockdown of GLI2 in Hut-102 cells. Our results show that retroviral insertional mutagenesis can be an important mechanism in HTLV-1-induced leukemias and lymphomas.
Restrictions on initial system-environment correlations based on the dynamics of an open quantum system

The dynamics of an open quantum system is often modeled by introducing a bath initially in a product state with the system, letting the system and bath evolve unitarily together, and then tracing over the bath. However, often this model may not accurately reflect a particular experimental situation. Here, we provide some restrictions on one's ability to model an open quantum system using an initial product state when some information about the system-bath interaction is known. For instance, when certain symmetries exist in the system-bath interaction, we compute limitations on how much the system's purity can be increased if the bath is initially uncorrelated white noise. Furthermore, when the system and bath are qubits, we find that effectively only swap and product unitaries always generate system dynamics capable of being modeled using an initial product state. Finally, we show how any initial correlations between the system and environment are detectable, in principle, by observing the system transformation alone during certain joint evolutions. Our results have application in experimental quantum control and quantum computing where the system and environment are often assumed to be initially uncorrelated.
Experimental doping dependence of the lattice parameter in n -type Ge: Identifying the correct theoretical framework by comparison with Si

Doping a semiconductor induces a change in its lattice parameter. This change is caused not only by the different sizes of the impurity and host atoms, but also by the strain developed when the occupation of electronic energy bands is modified. While these ideas are conceptually simple, experimentalists and theorists alike have struggled for decades to separate the size and electronic effects. Following up on the most significant earlier developments, which focused on doped Si, the authors present data for $n$-type Ge doped with novel precursors and suggest that trends as a function of the donor species in both Ge and Si hold the key to resolving the doping dependence of the lattice parameter into its two fundamental physical components.
Reading the Past Across Space and Time: Receptions and World Literature

This collection of essays examines receptions of ancient to early modern literary works from around the world that have circulated globally, that is, across time and space. Thus, in one sense, the collection starts with the premise of an enduring and revered cultural past, whether in the East, West, North, or South. The second premise is that the circulation of literature through translation and other forms of reception long predates modern global society. It is hardly a new phenomenon. If anything is new, it is the idea of national literary canons, which have existed just over a 100 years.
Experts and Novices Reading Literature: An Analysis of Disciplinary Literacy in English Language Arts

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this pilot study is to examine how experts and novices in the study of literary texts read those texts, and to make suggestions for an English Language Arts (ELA) disciplinary literacy based on those findings. A small sample of experts and novices, four professors of literature and four college freshmen, participated in read-alouds of two texts. Their comments were transcribed and analyzed. This article provides a broad theory to justify the study of disciplinary literacy, as well as an explanation of the findings from this expert–novice study, especially regarding the major differences between how the experts and novices read. Specifically, three guiding traits of ELA disciplinary literacy were found and discussed: interpretive purpose-driven reading, recursive and constant hypothesizing, and literary dialoging.
Organizational supports used by private child and family serving agencies to facilitate evidence use: a mixed methods study protocol

Challenges to evidence use are well documented. Less well understood are the formal supports—e.g., technical infrastructure, inter-organizational relationships—organizations may put in place to help overcome these challenges. This study will identify supports for evidence use currently used by private child and family serving agencies delivering publicly funded behavioral health and/or human services; examine contextual, organizational, and managerial factors associated with use of such supports; and determine how identified supports affect evidence use by staff at multiple levels of the organization. We will use a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, with study activities occurring in two sequential phases: In phase 1, quantitative survey data collected from managers of private child and family serving agencies in six states (CA, IN, KY, MO, PA, and WI) and analyzed using both regression and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) will identify organizational supports currently being used to facilitate evidence use and examine the contextual, organizational, and managerial factors associated with the use of such supports. In phase 2, data from phase 1 will be used to select a purposive sample of 12 agencies for in-depth case studies. In those 12 agencies, semi-structured interviews with key informants and managers, focus groups with frontline staff, and document analysis will provide further insight into agencies’ motivation for investing in organizational supports for evidence use and the facilitators and barriers encountered in doing so. Semi-structured interviews with managers and focus groups with frontline staff will also assess whether and how identified supports affect evidence use at different levels of the organization (senior executives, middle managers, frontline supervisors, and frontline staff). Within- and between-case analyses supplemented by QCA will identify combinations of factors associated with the highest and lowest levels of staff evidence use. This study will inform efforts to improve sustainment, scale-up, and spread of evidence by providing insight into organizational and managerial strategies that facilitate evidence use, the contexts in which these strategies are most effective, and their effect on evidence use by staff at different levels of the organization.
China's manufacturing locus in 2025: With a comparison of “Made-in-China 2025” and “Industry 4.0”

Abstract In this study, we have compared Germany's “Industry 4.0” and China's “Made-in-China 2025” and estimated China's locus in “Made-in-China 2025”. “Made-in-China 2025” has clear goals, measures and sector focus. Its guiding principles are to enhance industrial capability through innovation-driven manufacturing, optimize the structure of Chinese industry, emphasize quality over quantity, train and attract talent, and achieve green manufacturing and environment. Data show that currently China is no longer the lowest–cost labor market; it is being squeezed by newly emerging low-cost producers such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Meanwhile, China is not the strongest player in the high-tech arena; well-established industrialized nations, the US, Germany, and Japan, have all effectively deployed digital technology to create new industrial environments, produce new products, and improve their well-established brands. Having analyzed the data from the World Bank and China's National Bureau of Statistics, we find an upward trajectory in China in manufacturing capability development, research and development commitment, and human capital investment. However, implementing an ambitious strategic plan such as “Made-in-China 2025” is coupled with challenges. This research helps us understand the relationship between technological entrepreneurship and socio-economic changes in emerging economies such as China. Furthermore, the experience accumulated in China can be referenced by both emerging economies and developed nations to advance their technological entrepreneurship.
The Feminist Perspective of Implicit Bias in Succession Planning in Healthcare

Succession planning for healthcare executive positions may be a built environment feature that prevents women from achieving leadership positions. Disruptive leadership, of not following the status quo, may be more beneficial to healthcare organizations. Not following a succession mentality may offer women greater opportunities for top positions. Current healthcare succession planning focuses on clinical roles for maintaining staffing levels. Organizations such as The Joint Commission (TJC), American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE), and Magnet Certification endorse succession planning with a focus on continuity of an organization. While more women work in healthcare than men, there is gender inequality with more men in leadership roles. The current systems in place tacitly endorse males rising to leadership roles supported by succession planning beliefs.
Incorporating Online and In-person Book Clubs into Sociology Courses:

Previous research has examined the use of nontraditional readings, particularly fiction, as a tool for teaching sociological concepts. Few studies have specifically looked at nonfiction monographs ...
Interview with Henry Pollak

The following interview with Henry Pollak was conducted in September 2007. Dr. Henry O. Pollak spent 22 years as Director of Mathematics and Statistics Research at Bell Laboratories. He was one of the active participants of the School Mathematics Study Group (SMSG), one of the most important projects on the reform of mathematics education in the twentieth century1. He has also been involved in a number of other important educational projects, particularly those connected with teaching modeling.
Scalp Topography of Red LED Flash-Evoked Potentials: Normal and Clinical Data

Clinical application of visual evoked potential (VEP) mapping will require extensive clinical correlation studies. Since the visual system has projections to many extrastriate regions (Van Essen 1979), there is reason to believe that VEP abnormalities might be detected in brain regions for from the “classical” visual system. Duffy and colleagues (1979, 1982, 1986) have shown that such VEP abnormalities can indeed be detected in certain patients.
Cord Blood Erythropoietin and Hepcidin Reflect Lower Newborn Iron Stores due to Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy

Objective Obesity during pregnancy impedes fetal iron endowment. In adults, both iron depletion and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin (Epo) production, while hepcidin, the primary iron regulator, is inhibited by Epo and stimulated by obesity. To understand this relationship in fetuses, we investigated obesity, inflammation, and fetal iron status on fetal Epo and hepcidin levels. Study Design Epo, hepcidin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin levels were measured in 201 newborns of 35 to 40 weeks' gestation with historical risk factors for a low fetal iron endowment, including half with maternal obesity. Results Epo was unrelated to fetal size, but Epo was directly related to maternal body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) (p Conclusion Although some of the fetal responses involving Epo were similar to adults, we did not find a hepcidin–Epo relationship like that of adults, where fetal liver is the site of both hepcidin and Epo production.
Renal Medullary Carcinoma

First described in 1995 [1], renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) predominantly afflicts young adults and adolescents with sickle cell trait and is one of the most aggressive renal cell carcinomas [2, 3]. It arises from the renal papillae or calyceal epithelium of the renal medulla. In the original series by Davis et al. [1], the median overall survival of patients with RMC was only 4 months, and despite therapy it has only improved to 13 months in the most recent series of cases [3]. RMC is very rare, comprising <0.5% of all renal cell carcinomas [4], but its incidence is likely underestimated as it is a challenging diagnosis that can often be mistaken for collecting duct carcinoma or other aggressive kidney malignancies [5].
Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors: A Timely Review of Diagnostic Pathology.

Context.— Gestational trophoblastic tumors include 3 distinct entities: gestational choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Accurate diagnosis is important for clinical management of the patient. Objective.— To review clinical features and pathologic diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic tumors. Data sources.— Literature and personal experience are the sources for this study. Conclusions.— Trophoblastic tumors are rare encounters in modern medicine, as a result of clinical practice of molar surveillance programs and early chemotherapeutic intervention for persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Diagnostic recognition of these tumors requires a high index of suspicion, awareness of their histologic characteristics, and appropriate application of immunohistochemical and molecular biomarkers. Recent attention has been given to a few precursor lesions of gestational trophoblastic tumors, including early/in situ choriocarcinoma and atypical placental site nodule.
A CINESIOTERAPIA NO TRATAMENTO DA FIBROMIALGIA: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

Introducao: A fibromialgia e uma sindrome reumatica de etiologia desconhecida, que acomete predominantemente mulheres, caracterizada por dor musculoesqueletica difusa e cronica, sitios anatomicos especificos dolorosos a palpacao (tender points). A fisioterapia tem sido indicada no tratamento da FM, pois possibilita a analise e a intervencao na mobilidade humana, reintegrando o paciente ao meio onde vive e, promovendo assim, uma melhora na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Revisar os estudos da literatura, a fim de verificar a eficacia das tecnicas de cinesioterapia no tratamento de FM e ampliar as perspectivas sobre a terapeutica dessa patologia. Metodologia: Foram pesquisados estudos publicados entre os anos de 2002 a 2016, em portugues, na Biblioteca Virtual da Associacao Evangelica de Ceres e nas bases de dados eletronicos Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Pubmed (United States National Library of Medicine) e Google Academico. Resultados e discussao: Em relacao aos exercicios de alongamento muscular, observou-se uma melhora significativa no sono e uma diminuicao da rigidez, tendo o alongamento estatico, tecnica mais comum e segura proporcionado aumento da flexibilidade, ganho de condicionamento fisico, diminuicao da dor e da fadiga muscular. Exercicios aerobios por sua vez, trazem beneficios fisicos como a diminuicao da tensao muscular, disfuncao fisica e dor. Conclusao: O exercicio aerobio tem ganhos mais diversificados do que os exercicios de alongamento. Portanto, se ambas forem executadas juntas ou simultaneamente, podem trazer mais resultados em menor tempo e com maior rendimento.
Age-dependent skeletal muscle transcriptome response to bed rest-induced atrophy.

Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, we identified that older adult skeletal muscle was characterized by dysregulated pathways associated with fibrosis, inflammation (upregulated), a...
The Louisiana State Museum's Colonial Documents Collection:

The Louisiana State Museum's Louisiana Historical Center holds approximately thirty thousand French Superior Council and Spanish Judicial Colonial Documents. These documents contain quotidian detai...
Adoption of Social Media Search Systems: An IS Success Model Perspective

The social media search system aims at providing an organized and integrated access and search support to a massive amount of unstructured, multilingual, user-generated content in an effective and efficient manner. Previous research on social media analytics mainly focuses on developing and applying advanced analysis methods and/or tools to make sense of the large amount of user-generated data over the Internet. Relatively little effort has been put to specifically examine the social media search system. In this study, we utilize and apply the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model to examine this type of systems. To do it, a lab experiment was conducted, and the results showed that all causal relationships, except for satisfaction to social benefit, specified in the DeLone and McLean IS Success Model hold in the context of the large-scale, social media search system. Specifically, we found that information quality and system quality associated with the system could significantly influence both users’ intention to use and satisfaction toward it, both of which, in turn, had significant impacts on users’ perceived individual benefit and social benefit. In addition, satisfaction could significantly influence intention to use the system.
Ion association in aqueous solution

Abstract The properties of aqueous ionic solutions are determined by strong electrostatic interactions, which are influenced by polarizability and charge transfer interactions. Potential models which include polarizability and charge transfer have been developed for water and single ion properties. Here, the ion–ion interactions are optimized so that the osmotic pressure as a function of concentration is reproduced. Using the optimized potentials, the amount of ion pairing and larger cluster formation is calculated. For NaCl, NaI, and KCl, there is a small amount of pairing, with larger clusters present as well. For KI, there is much more pairing and much larger clusters are observed. The amount of pairing is consistent with the law of matching affinities, with the pairs that show the least pairing also being the most mis-matched in terms of size or solvation free energy. The charge transfered from the anions to water is more than from is transferred from the water to cations, so the water molecules acquire a negative charge, which increases with ion concentration.
Scale and Metabolism in Ancient Cities

Ancient cities were like modern ones in some important ways and unlike them in others. Both have consisted of dense agglomerations in which people live in ways that are unprecedented in human history. Despite their points of similarity, scale and metabolism distinguish ancient cities from modern ones. Using the examples of Athens, Rome, and Pompeii, this chapter explores how these cities appropriated energy sources, how they employed time-shifting of energy through debt, and how together these allowed ancient cities to grow but also constrained their scale, unlike sprawling cities of today.
Spinoza’s ‘Infinite Modes’ Reconsidered

My two principal aims in this essay are interconnected. One aim is to provide a new interpretation of the ‘infinite modes’ in Spinoza’s Ethics. I argue that for Spinoza, God, conceived as the one infinite and eternal substance, is not to be understood as causing two kinds of modes, some infinite and eternal and the rest finite and non-eternal. That there cannot be such a bifurcation of divine effects is what I take the ‘infinite mode’ propositions, E1p21–23, to establish; E1p21–23 show that each and every one of the immanent effects of an infinite and eternal God is an infinite and eternal mode. The other aim is to show that these propositions can be understood as part of an extended critical response to Descartes’s infamous doctrine that God creates eternal truths and true and immutable natures. If we have the correct (Spinozan) conceptions of what God is and how God works, we see that an eternal and infinite God can only be understood to cause ‘eternal truths,’ and that these eternal truths are infinite and eternal modes of God.