cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An advanced flight control and navigation system implementation for tactical helicopters

US Army helicopters that will allow single-crewmember operability in tactical environments require a high degree of automation. A tightly integrated flight control and navigation system has been studied. An architecture is discussed which meets anticipated flight control and navigation requirements, at an acceptable weight, using techniques of functional and physical integration. The architecture maximizes the sharing of sensor and computational resources in a flight critical environment and uses modular equipment packaging, dual fault-tolerant tetrad ring-laser-gyro inertial measurement units, and triplex self-checking processor pair-based flight critical processing channels. >
Levamisole resistance resolved at the single-channel level in Caenorhabditis elegans

Sydney Brenner promoted Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, and subsequent investigations pursued resistance to the nicotinic anthelmintic drug levamisole in C. elegans at a genetic level. These studies have advanced our understanding of genes associated with neuromuscular transmission and resistance to the antinematodal drug. In lev-8 and lev-1 mutant C. elegans, levamisole resistance is associated with reductions in levamisole-activated whole muscle cell currents. Although lev-8 and lev-1 are known to code for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, an explanation for why these currents get smaller is not available. In wild-type adults, nAChRs aggregate at neuromuscular junctions and are not accessible for single-channel recording. Here we describe a use of LEV-10 knockouts, in which aggregation is lost, to make in situ recordings of nAChR channel currents. Our observations provide an explanation for levamisole resistance produced by LEV-8 and LEV-1 mutants at the single-channel level.—Qian, H., Robertson, A. P., Powell-Coffman, J. A., and Martin, R. J. Levamisole resistance resolved at the single-channel level in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Semi-active building base isolation

Passive base isolation systems are one of the most successful and widely implemented technologies for seismic hazard mitigation. However, recent changes to the building codes have made the design requirements such that some of the potential gains of such systems may not be realized. This paper investigates the effects of using controllable semi-active dampers, such as magnetorheological fluid dampers, in a base isolation system. A two degree-of-freedom model of a base isolated building is used, with linear viscous, active, and semi-active supplemental damping devices in the isolation layer. Using an H/sub 2//LQG control design, semi-active and active devices are able to achieve a notable decrease in base drifts, compared to the optimal linear passive designs, with no accompanying increase in accelerations imparted into the superstructure.
A WLS method for load estimation in unbalanced distribution networks

This paper investigates the problem of load estimation in unbalanced power distribution networks. A weighted least square (WLS) approach with multiple load parameters is designed to solve a constrained estimation problem. Detailed test results on a 20-bus, unbalanced, radial distribution network are presented and show promise. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with those from a distribution state estimation based method.
Preliminary system analysis of in situ resource utilization for Mars human exploration

We carried out a system analysis of processes for utilization of Mars resources to support human exploration of Mars by production of propellants and life-support consumables from indigenous resources. Seven ISRU processes were analyzed to determine mass, power and propellant storage volume requirements. The major elements of each process include CO/sub 2/ acquisition, chemical conversion, and storage of propellants. Based on two figures of merit [(a) the ratio of the mass of propellants that must be brought from Earth in a non-ISRU mission to the mass of the ISRU system, tanks and feedstocks that must be brought from Earth for a ISRU mission, and (b) the mission mass in LEO saved by use of ISRU] the most attractive process (by far) is one where indigenous Mars water is accessible and this is processed via Sabarier/electrolysis to methane and oxygen. These processes are technically relatively mature. Other processes with positive leverage involve reverse water gas shift and solid oxide electrolysis. These processes would be appropriate if accessible water is not available on Mars. However the technologies involved are still immature. Processes that require storage of large amounts of hydrogen were deemed infeasible because of power, volume and mass considerations. The critical interfacial issues with Mars are finding accessible sources of water and acquisition of CO/sub 2/ from the atmosphere. A technology development and demonstration program is proposed that hinges heavily on the search for accessible water. A roadmap summarizes the future steps needed to implement ISRU in the human mission architecture.
Joint analysis of network incidents and intradomain routing changes

This paper studies how intradomain routing instability relates to events in network trouble tickets for two networks: a VPN provider and the Internet2 backbone network. Our goal in performing this joint analysis of routing and trouble tickets is to better understand the likely underlying causes of intradomain routing instability. We develop a method to correlate trouble tickets with instability events and find that, although unplanned events last longer than scheduled maintenance, there is no single underlying cause for most instability, and that these causes differ across networks. In comparison to a similar study from Labovitz et al. from ten years ago, we find that, while certain causes of instability such as maintenance and circuit problems remain significant, power issues have become much less prevalent, and software-related problems have become more common.
Mexican American Women's Reflections from Public High School.

This qualitative case study examined 5 Mexican American women’s experiences at the intersection of race and gender in public high school. Critical race theory provided the analysis and interpretation. The significant findings of this research included the following: (a) Racism is endemic and pervasive in public education; (b) many educational entities operate via colorblindness; (c) the participants perceived social justice as the solution to ending racism and oppression; (d) learning to navigate the system is necessary to be successful academically; and (e) teachers, counselors, and peers are perpetrators of racism and gender stereotypes in public education for Mexican American females.
Simultaneous Liver–Kidney Transplantation: A Survey of US Transplant Centers

Consensus recommendations have been published to help better define those patients who would benefit from simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLK). We conducted a survey of transplant centers that perform SLK (n = 88, 65% response rate) to determine practice patterns in the United States. The majority of centers (73%) stated that they use dialysis duration whereas only 30% of centers use acute kidney injury duration as a criterion for determining need for SLK. Dialysis duration >4 weeks was used by 32% of centers, >6 weeks by 37% and >8 weeks by 32% of centers. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the modified diet in renal disease (MDRD)-4 equation in roughly half of centers whereas the MDRD-6 equation was used by only 6%. In patients with chronic kidney disease, GFR < 40 mL/min was used by 24% of centers as a criterion for SLK transplants instead of the recommended threshold of < 30 mL/min. Regional differences in practices were also observed. This survey demonstrates significant variation in the criteria used for SLK among transplant centers, with few centers following the current published recommendations, and emphasizes the need for evidence-based guidelines and uniformity in studying renal dysfunction in liver transplant candidates.
Genetics of Natural Populations. Xxix. Is the Genetic Load in Drosophila Pseudoobscura a Mutational or a Balanced Load

The mutational component of a genetic load consists of genetic variants and a balanced component. The genetic variants reduce the fitness of their homozygous, or of both homozygous and heterozygous carriers, in most environments. The balanced component of the load consists of heterotic genes and gene complexes, which yield highly fit heterozygotes but relatively less well adapted homozygotes. Balanced loads are maintained primarily by natural selection. The role of the genetic load was studied in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Data are tabulated and discussed. (C.H.)
Focus on carbon monoxide: a modulator of neutrophil oxidants and elastase spatial localization?

GASEOUS SIGNAL MEDIATORS include nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide (CO) (3, 20, 35). Both NO and hydrogen sulfide play important roles in inflammation, with the existing evidence supporting them as components of the normal biochemical milieu that stabilize the vasculature against leukocyte adhesion, extravasation, and vascular permeability (25, 35). Unlike G protein-coupled receptors, gasotransmitters are membrane-permeant gases that modulate several forms of cell signaling by chemically binding numerous intracellular targets (25, 26, 35, 36). CO is formed in several tissues through the action of two types of hemoxygenases (HOs): an inducible form HO-1 and constituitive forms HO-2 and -3 (HO-3 is involved in O2 sensing) (19). HO-1 is the 32-kDa form of HO, synthesized in response to heat stress (hence, heat shock protein32), oxidants, cytokines, and environmental stress (e.g., metals). HOs catabolize heme to bilivervidin (rapidly converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase), Fe 2 , and CO. While biliverdin and bilirubin formed by HO-1 and -2 are major antioxidants, with potency comparable with glutathione, many studies suggest that the induction of HO-1 expression in inflammation is adaptive through CO-mediated effects. CO is a potent physiological regulator of vascular tone, like NO, and exhibits some similar properties. For example, CO
Revisiting Pneumococcal Carriage by Use of Broth Enrichment and PCR Techniques for Enhanced Detection of Carriage and Serotypes

The measurement of pneumococcal carriage in the nasopharyngeal reservoir is subject to potential confounders that include low-density and multiple-strain colonization. To compare different methodologies, we picked a random sampling of 100 nasopharyngeal specimens recovered from infants less than 2 years of age who were previously assessed for pneumococcal carriage and serotypes by a conventional method that used direct plating from the transport/storage medium (50 specimens were culture negative and 50 specimens were culture positive for pneumococci). We used a broth enrichment approach and a conventional PCR approach (with and without broth enrichment) to determine pneumococcal carriage and serotypes, and the results were compared to the initial conventional culture-based results. Additionally, we used a lytA-targeted real-time PCR for pneumococcal detection. Broth enrichment for both the culture-based and the PCR-based methods enhanced the isolation of pneumococci and detection of serotype diversity, with the most effective serotype deduction method being one that used broth enrichment prior to sequential multiplex PCR. Similarly, we also found that broth enrichment followed by the lytA-specific real-time PCR was the most sensitive for the detection of apparent pneumococcal carriage. The broth enrichment, conventional multiplex PCR, and real-time PCR approaches used in this study were effective in detecting pneumococcal carriage in the 50 specimens that were negative by conventional direct plating from transport medium (range of numbers of positive specimens, 8/50 to 22/50 [16 to 44%]), and the three different serotyping approaches that used broth enrichment increased the number of serotype identifications from the 100 specimens (12 to 29 additional serotype identifications to be positive). A PCR-based approach that employed a broth enrichment step appeared to best enhance the detection of mixed serotypes and low-density pneumococcal carriage.
Effects of Capture by Trammel Net on Colorado River Native Fishes

Abstract Trammel nets are commonly used to sample rare fishes; however, little research has assessed delayed mortality associated with this capture technique. We conducted laboratory experiments to...
Heat transfer and cure in pultrusion: Model and experimental verification

Though pultrusion has existed for nearly 40 years, factors affecting temperature and resin reactivity are not completely understood. A model is tested to help explain the effects of die temperature, line speed and initiator concentration on curing inside a pultrusion die. The model includes radio frequency preheating, heat conduction, heat of cure, changing thermal properties with temperature and degree of cure, and hindered heat transfer due to shrinkage of the profile away from the die. The analysis is compared to experimental temperature measurements for a 1-in. (25-mm) round die, where die temperature, line speed, and initiator concentration were varied. Temperature predictions by the model are in good agreement with the data for many of the conditions tested. Considerable disagreement still persists, however, under processing conditions with faster line speeds and lower die temperatures.
The Role of the Disintegrin Metalloproteinase ADAM15 in Prostate Cancer Progression

The metalloproteinase ADAM15 is a multi-domain disintegrin protease that is upregulated in a variety of human cancers. ADAM15 mRNA and protein levels are increased in prostate cancer and its expression is significantly increased during metastatic progression. It is likely that ADAM15 supports disease progression differentially through the action of its various functional domains. ADAM15 may downregulate adhesion of tumor cells to the extracellular matrix, reduce cell-cell adhesion, and promote metastasis through the activity of its disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. Additionally, ADAM15 can influence cell signaling by shedding membrane-bound growth factors and other proteins that interact with receptor tyrosine kinases, leading to receptor activation. There is also evidence supporting a role for ADAM15 in angiogenesis and angioinvasion of tumor cells, which are critical for unrestrained tumor growth and metastatic spread. Given its diverse functions, ADAM15 may represent a pivotal regulatory component of tumor progression, an important target for therapeutic intervention, or emerge as a biomarker of disease progression.
Orientation and relaxation of polymer–clay solutions studied by rheology and small‐angle neutron scattering

The influence of shear on viscoelastic solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and clay [montmorillonite, i.e., Cloisite NA+ (CNA)] was investigated with rheology and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The steady-state viscosity and SANS were used to measure the shear-induced orientation and relaxation of the polymer and clay platelets. Anisotropic scattering patterns developed at much lower shear rates than in pure clay solutions. The scattering anisotropy saturated at low shear rates, and the CNA clay platelets aligned with the flow, with the surface normal parallel to the gradient direction. The cessation of shear led to partial and slow randomization of the CNA platelets, whereas extremely fast relaxation was observed for laponite (LRD) platelets. These PEO-CNA networklike solutions were compared with previously reported PEO-LRD networks, and the differences and similarities, with respect to the shear orientation, relaxation, and polymer-clay interactions, were examined.
An indirect impedance characterization method for monolithic double-slot antennas for THz sensors

We present an indirect port-impedance characterization technique for monolithically manufactured THz antennas. Due to the exceedingly small geometrical details, standard contact-probe measurements cannot be carried out at the desired port locations. Alternatively, several contact-probe measurements are carried out at remote locations while the input port is terminated with standard loads. As such, the THz antenna is treated as a two-port network and the port impedance seen by a sensing diode can be analytically determined using standard S-parameter measurements. In particular, the diode port is replaced with three standard terminations (short, open, and a resistive load) and the measured S 11 data is used to indirectly compute port impedance seen by the sensor. The initial results show that this approach provides accurate estimates of the antenna impedance, with possible exceptions when the electrical length between the two ports is close to an integer multiple of half wavelength.
Constraints on Energy Dissipation in the Earth's Body Tide from Satellite Tracking and Altimetry

The phase lag by which the earth's body tide follows the tidal potential is estimated for the principal lunar semidiurnal tide M(sub 2). The estimate results from combining recent tidal solutions from satellite tracking data and from Topex/Poseidon satellite altimeter data. Each data type is sensitive to the body-tide lag: gravitationally for the tracking data, geometrically for the altimetry. Allowance is made for the lunar atmospheric tide. For the tidal potential Love number kappa(sub 2) we obtain a lag epsilon of 0.20 deg +/- 0.05 deg, implying an effective body-tide Q of 280 and body-tide energy dissipation of 110 +/- 25 gigawatts.
Acculturation status and sexuality among female Cuban American college students.

The authors examined relations among different measures of acculturation, and between acculturation and sexual behavior, in a sample of female Cuban American college students (n = 61, M age = 18.4 years) who completed self-report surveys. In the first set of analyses, weak to moderate associations emerged among 4 measures of acculturation (birthplace, childhood language use, current language use, and ethnic identity), suggesting that inconsistent findings from prior research may have resulted from measurement limitations. In multivariate analyses, the authors examined predictors of sexual behavior and found that I aspect of acculturation (higher levels of ethnic identity) and background characteristics (being older and less religious) were associated with voluntary sexual intercourse. Moreover, higher levels on a sexual risk composite were associated with being born in the United States, more ethnically identified, older, and less religious. These analyses highlight the need for specificity in assessing a...
Fish oil and prevention of atrial fibrillation.

A substantial body of evidence, including findings from experiments, observational studies, and clinical trials, indicates that consumption of fish or fish oil reduces the incidence of fatal ventricular arrhythmias, manifested as coronary death or sudden death ([1][1]). It is of growing interest
Gentamicin-cephalothin drug reaction.

A case report describing the occurrence of nephrotoxicity in a 26-year-old black male with sickle cell anemia after concurrent i.v. administration of gentamicin sulfate and cephalothin sodium is presented. Cephalothin 1 g.i.v. every six hours was given for three days for a Klebsiella infection demonstrated by urine and blood culture to be cephalosporin sensitive. Cephalothin was then discontinued and gentamicin, after an i.v. loading dose of 2.6 mg/kg, was given for 14 days in a dosage of 1.3 mg/kg every eight hours. After cultures of pus aspirated from the right thigh demonstrated Klebsiella, 2 g of cephalothin was administered i.v. every six hours and gentamicin sulfate was discontinued. Gentamicin therapy was reinstituted two days later, at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day. The gentamicin-cephalothin therapy was continued for nine days. The gentamicin dosage interval was increased from every eight to every 16 hours when serum creatinine and gentamicin levels became elevated. Gentamicin was discontinued entirely two days later because serum gentamicin levels were not decreasing. Previous case reports and studies of nephrotoxicity associated with concurrent gentamicin-cephalothin therapy are reviewed. Pharmacists should be alert to the possible increased incidence of nephrotoxicity occurring with concurrent genticin-cephalothin therapy.
The Fed: The Great Enabler *

The Federal Reserve has a long history of creating aggregate demand bubbles in the United States. In the ramp up to the Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy in September 2008, the Fed not only created a classic aggregate demand bubble, but also facilitated the spawning of many market-specific bubbles. The bubbles in the housing, equity, and commodity markets could have been easily detected by observing the price behavior in those markets, relative to changes in the more broadly based consumer price index. True to form, the Fed officials have steadfastly denied any culpability for creating the bubbles that so spectacularly burst during the Panic of 2008-09.If all that is not enough, Fed officials, as well as other members of the money and banking establishments in the United States and elsewhere, have embraced the idea that stronger, more heavily capitalized banks are necessary to protect taxpayers from future financial storms. This embrace, which is reflected in the Bank for International Settlements’ most recent capital requirement regime (Basel III) and related country-specific capital requirement mandates, represents yet another great monetary misjudgment (error). Indeed, in its stampede to make banks “safer,” the establishment has spawned a policy-induced doom loop. Paradoxically, banks in the Eurozone, the United Kingdom, and the United States — among others — have been weakened by the imposition of new bank regulations in the middle of a slump. New bank regulations have suppressed the money supply and economic activity, rendering banks less “safe.”
Translational Research or Industrial Process Improvement: A False Choice

A decade ago, those of us using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methods to improve healthcare performance began submitting our findings to medical journals, including many of the examples we have presented in this book. Reviewers commonly rejected them as poorly designed research: “Where’s the control group?” Our response was, “It’s not bad research; it’s good PDSA.” We also pointed out that the intention of these projects is to implement good science, not to end-run it [2].
CT findings following the cabrol composite graft procedure.

Purpose Insertion of a composite graft and reimplantation of the coronary arteries through an intermediate Dacron tube (Cabrol composite graft procedure) has been used to treat ascending aortic aneurysms and dissections. The CT findings after the Cabrol composite graft procedure have not been previously described. Method Retrospective review of 12 postoperative CT and CT angiography (CTA) studies both in the immediate postoperative period as well as during long-term follow-up was conducted. Results The Cabrol composite graft procedure produces typical CT findings consisting of a coronary conduit separate from the aortic graft. The presence of perigraft flow can be normal or abnormal depending on the time point of its occurrence and the extent of its hemodynamic consequences. Conclusion Knowledge of the typical CT and CTA findings following a Cabrol composite graft procedure is essential for the correct interpretation of these studies.
Spectroscopic and Molecular Weight Studies of Polytoluidines

Poly( o -toluidine) and poly( m -toluidine) in base form have been characterized by infrared and l H NMR spectroscopy. Assignments of the proton NMR signals have been facilitated by the use of model compounds. The distinction between benzenoid and quinoid methyl resonances in the NMR permits a semi-quantitative estimation of the oxidation states of the polytoluidines. Infrared studies are consistent with a polyaniline-type backbone having pendant methyl groups. Field desorption mass spectrometry (FD-MS) was employed for estimation of the molecular weight of poly( o -toluidine). Gel-permeation chromatography of the same sample showed a bimodal elution pattern, suggesting that the FD-MS technique detects only the lower molecular weight fraction of the polymer. Despite this inherent limitation, FD-MS yields the interesting information that the polymer contains chains of both odd and even numbers of repeat units, necessitating the coexistence of different oxidation states in the base form of the polymer.
Multimodal Coherent Nonlinear Optical Microscopy: From Biophotonics to Geophotonics

Simplified, robust approaches to label-free Coherent Raman Microscopy allow for applications ranging from cellular imaging and disease progression, to biomaterials, to microimaging of mining ore distributions.
Correction for Novitsky et al., Long-Range HIV Genotyping Using Viral RNA and Proviral DNA for Analysis of HIV Drug Resistance and HIV Clustering.

Volume 53, no. 8, p. [2581–2592][1], 2015. Table S1 in the supplemental material: The sequence for primer OFM19 was incorrect; it was missing the triplet ATT. Revised supplemental material is posted at . [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/JCM.
The financialization of US higher education

Research on financialization has been constrained by limited suitable measures for cases outside of the for-profit sector. Using the case of US higher education, we consider financialization as bot ...
An Expanding Role for Interleukin-1 Blockade from Gout to Cancer

There is an expanding role for interleukin (IL)-1 in diseases from gout to cancer. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is closely linked to innate inflammatory and immune responses. This linkage is because the cytoplasmic segment of all members of the IL-1 family of receptors contains a domain, which is highly homologous to the cytoplasmic domains of all toll-like receptors (TLRs). This domain, termed “toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain,” signals as does the IL-1 receptors; therefore, inflammation due to the TLR and the IL-1 families is nearly the same. Fundamental responses such as the induction of cyclo-oxygenase type 2, increased surface expression of cellular adhesion molecules and increased gene expression of a broad number of inflammatory molecules characterizes IL-1 signal transduction as it does for TLR agonists. IL-1β is the most studied member of the IL-1 family because of its role in mediating autoinflammatory disease. However, a role for IL-1α in disease is being validated because of the availability of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to human IL-1α. There are presently three approved therapies for blocking IL-1 activity. Anakinra is a recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist, which binds to the IL-1 receptor and prevents the binding of IL-1β as well as IL-1α. Rilonacept is a soluble decoy receptor that neutralizes primarily IL-1β but also IL-1α. Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes only IL-1β. Thus, a causal or significant contributing role can be established for IL-1β and IL-1α in human disease.
The U.S. Department of Energy Photovoltaic Program for 1987

At the time of this writing (October 3, 1986) the budget for Fiscal Year 1987 has not yet been approved by the U.S. Congress. Based on Preliminary information, it is expected that the Photovoltaic Program will receive approximately $35,000,000 for the period October 1, 1986 thru September 30, 1987. At this funding level, the major effort will be expanded on thin film research ($13M), concentrator cell research ($4M), and fundamental and supporting research ($5M). The remaining funds will be used for crystalline silicon, flat plate modules, concentrator modules, systems development, systems evaluation and program management.
Thrombotic state after a hemorrhagic diathesis, a possible complication of therapy with epsilon-aminocapproic acid.

A hemorrhagic state with afibrinogenemia developed in an 81 year old man with disseminated carcinoma of the prostate. Following administration of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and hydrocortisone, widespread intravascular thromboses developed. It is postulated that epsilon-aminocaproic acid inhibited fibrinolysis and thereby helped to "unmask" a process of intravascular coagulation that had initiated the hemorrhagic diathesis. Although the evidence is less convincing, the administered hydrocortisone may also have contributed to the thrombotic disorder.
Do patients prefer optional follow-up for simple upper extremity fractures: A pilot study.

Abstract Introduction We aimed to evaluate the results of offering patients optional follow-up for simple upper extremity fractures. Specifically this study tested if there is a difference in (1) upper extremity disability, (2) return to work, and (3) satisfaction with delivered care at 2–6 months after enrollment between patients who choose and do not choose a return visit for an adequately aligned metacarpal, distal radius, or radial head fracture. Additionally we assessed if there was a difference in overall evaluation of the visit at enrollment between those patients and what factors were associated with returning after initially choosing not to schedule a follow-up visit. Patients and methods We prospectively enrolled all adult patients (n = 120) with adequately aligned metacarpal fractures, non-or minimally displaced distal radius fractures, and isolated non- or minimally displaced radial head fractures of whom 82 (68%) were available at 2–6 months after enrollment. Subjects chose to have a scheduled (n = 56) or optional (n = 64) return visit. Subsequently, we recorded patient demographics and overall evaluation of the visit. Between two and six months after enrollment we measured QuickDASH, satisfaction with care, and current employment status. Results Accounting for potential differences in baseline characteristics by multivariable analysis, return choice was not associated with QuickDASH (β regression coefficient [β] −0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] −7.4 to 6.4, standard error [SE] 3.5, P = 0.88), return to work (odds ratio [OR] −1.3, 95%CI −3.5 to 0.95, SE 1.1, P = 0.26), satisfaction with care (β −0.084, 95%CI −0.51 to 0.35, SE 0.22, P = 0.70), or overall evaluation of the initial visit (β 0.18, 95%CI −0.38 to 0.73, SE 0.28, P = 0.53). Of the 64 people choosing optional follow-up, 11 patients returned (17%). The only factor independently associated with returning after initially not choosing to return was greater disability at enrollment (OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.0050–1.098, SE 0.024, P = 0.029). Conclusions A majority of patients prefer optional follow-up for simple upper extremity fractures with a good prognosis. Hand surgeons can consider offering patients with low-risk hand fractures an optional second visit. Eliminating unnecessary visits, tests and imaging could lower the cost of care. Level of evidence Therapeutic level II.
Relationship between Transformational Leadership in Social Work Organizations and Social Worker Turnover

Objective: It is not a new phenomenon that there is a high turnover rate among social workers. In particular, child welfare has shown the highest rates of staff turnover. To address the issue, turnover and retention of social workers have been studied for decades. The history of research produced a long list of determinants for social worker turnover, more than 10 factors, and showed conflicting findings with the same variables. However, the long list of factors influencing workers' decision to leave has poorly contributed to organizational practices for retaining social workers. The purpose of this study was to develop and suggest conceptual model for the relationship between transformational leadership and the other four factors for social worker turnover and turnover. Method: This study reviews the literature on factors for social work turnover, leadership styles in social work organizations, and the relationship between social worker turnover and transformational leadership. This study will weigh the roles of child welfare organizations in preventing avoidable staff turnover in child welfare organizations. Result: This integrative research literature review provides the possible research agenda on the relationship between transformational leadership in social work organizations and social worker turnover by discovering the gaps of the present studies on factors for social work turnover, especially a leadership factor. Particularly, it is assumed, according to the comprehensive literature review and critical theory review, that transformational leadership in child welfare organizations can create a positive and supportive culture in organizations for employees. The effect of transformational leadership on social worker turnover intention has been overlooked even though studies have shown the effectiveness of the leadership style in social work organizations.
Early Greek Science

Fresh scientific concepts begin with the Greeks, and they are of astonishing originality. For the first time in history there was a sustained attempt to supply purely natural interpretations of the universe as a whole, living and material. Ingenious natural schemes flourished, which rivaled the established mythologies, giving instead, nonreligious explanations of cosmology, the origins of life, and the functions of the human body. The investigators called themselves “physiologia,” observers of nature, or “natural philosophers.” A few examples illustrate the rich imaginativeness of their earliest speculations.
Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Proteins (SSBPs) Regulate the Abundance of the LIM-Homeodomain Protein LHX2 and Augment Its Transcriptional Activity.

Abstract A small family of proteins with putative single-stranded DNA-binding activity has been shown to augment the biological actions of LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factors through the mediation of the LIM domain-binding protein LDB1. We recently established that two of these SSBPs, Ssbp2 and Ssbp3, were components of an E-box-GATA DNA-binding complex in murine erythroid progenitors containing transcription factors Tal1, E2A, and Gata-1 and LIM-only protein Lmo2 and showed that Ssbp2 stimulated E box-GATA DNA-binding activity by inhibiting Ldb1 ubiquitination and Ldb1 and Lmo2 turnover (Genes & Dev. 21:942–955, 2007). Since LIM-HD proteins are substrates of different E3 ubiquitin ligases than LIM-only proteins and have the additional property of binding DNA, we sought to determine the effect of SSBPs on LIM-HD expression and function. Using the prototype LIM-HD protein Lhx2 and one of its best-characterized target genes, Cga, for analysis, we found that an Ssbp3-, Ldb1-, and Lhx2-containing complex associated with an Lhx2 binding element in the Cga promoter in vitro and in mouse pituitary cells (alphaT3-1 cell line) in vivo. We then showed that enforced expression of Ssbp2 and Ssbp3 in alphaT3-1 cells increased Lhx2 and Ldb1 protein abundance, Lhx2 DNA-binding activity, and Cga expression and augmented Lhx2 transcriptional activity in an Ldb1-dependent fashion. While Lhx2-Ldb1-Ssbp3 DNA-binding activity increased in Ssbp3- relative to vector-transfected cells, the affinity of this complex for DNA was unaltered. Similar to the effect of Ssbp2 on Lmo2 in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, overexpressed Ssbp3 reduced Lhx2 protein turnover in cycloheximide-treated alphaT3-1 cells without affecting Lhx2 RNA levels. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous Ssbp3, but not Ssbp2 which is expressed at much lower levels in these cells, reduced Lhx2 and Ldb1 abundance, Lhx2 DNA-binding activity, Lhx2, Ldb1, and Ssbp3 loading onto the Cga promoter, Cga promoter activity, and endogenous Cga gene expression. Significantly, neither overexpression nor knockdown of Ssbp2 in MEL cells, which express both the LIM-only protein Lmo2 and LIM-HD protein Lhx2, affected Lhx2 protein abundance, and Lhx2 DNA-binding activity was undetectable in nuclear extracts from these cells despite the presence of immunoreactive Lhx2. These studies indicate that SSBP augmentation of LIM-HD function results from Ldb1-mediated inhibition of LIM-HD protein turnover and increased assembly of a LIM-HD/LDB1/SSBP DNA-binding complex. The much greater affinity for LDB1 of LIM-only compared to LIM-HD proteins is likely a major determinant of the SSBP effect on LIM-HD protein abundance. Finally, these findings are consistent with cell type-specific contributions of different SSBPs, even for similar LDB1-dependent actions.
Security and collaboration protocols for mobile and sensor networks

Research in network and computer system architecture is evolving beyond its traditional focus as mobile devices become ubiquitous and mobile computing triggers dramatic change in the computing world. Mobile devices can form heterogeneous mobile networks that provide distributed services and information access in real time from anywhere in the world. Coincident with this change, the assurance of network and system security and availability becomes an important problem. This problem is challenging because it requires the system to be easy to manage and operate, but also requires reliability and security. For the purpose of securing a network, we usually require authentication, authorization, and accounting. Authentication requires users to prove their identity. Accounting requires intrusion detection or forensic analysis to find attacks, if any, in the system. Finally, authorization requires access control to ensure data privacy. This dissertation aims to design security and collaboration protocols to create a comprehensive trust framework to protect mobile and sensor networks by applying cryptographic algorithms. It makes three primary contributions. First, we propose and implement a distributed authentication protocol called DAPP in wireless sensor networks to allow sensors to authenticate servers without requiring a commonly-used trusted authentication server. DAPP maintains the distributed nature of sensor networks, has low computation and communication overhead, and is resilient to node compromises. Second, to attain security for nodes in mobile ad hoc networks, we present an intrusion detection system (IDS) architecture at the application layer to help detect malicious nodes in the network. We describe the design of this architecture and the use of mobile agents to augment each node's IDS. Finally, we design a trusted group-based information sharing protocol called TGIS for mobile devices to establish a trust relationship with collaborators and enforce data access control between collaborators with different privileges. TGIS is built upon existing trust infrastructures in individual organizations to enable trust management for group collaboration. The security and collaboration protocols presented in this dissertation together achieve secure distributed authentication, authorization, and accounting in mobile and sensor networks.
Stochastic gradient ascent outperforms gamers in the Quantum Moves game

Are human players suitable to deliver good strategies for developing quantum protocols? While recent results suggest a positive answer to this question, here a simple stochastic local optimization method is shown to outperform all players.
Field Guides: Insects

Insects and Other Arthropods of Tropical America . By Paul E. Hanson. Photographs by Kenji Nishida. 2016. Cornell University Press. (ISBN 9780801456947). 375 pages. Softcover. $37.95. If I were an extra-terrestrial visiting Earth for the first time, I would refer to it as “The Planet of the Insects”! About 75 percent of all the extant animals worldwide, or the greater than 1.1 million described species, are insects. Insects are from an ancient biological lineage that included trilobites (now extinct) and crustaceans, which were abundant in the oceans over 500 million years ago. Why are insects so successful, you may ask? Several factors contribute to the evolutionary success of these remarkable animals, a few of which include: the ability to fly; diverse mouthparts, which allow them to eat just about anything imaginable; large reproductive capability; they occupy about every imaginable niche; and variation in niche selection between different life stages (e.g., caterpillar vs. butterfly), which reduces competition for resources within the species. Though written for those who have no prior knowledge of insects, Insects and Other Arthropods of Tropical America by Paul E. Hanson provides both the scientist …
Next Steps for Patients Who Fail to Respond to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I): the Perspective from Behavioral Sleep Medicine Psychologists

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a brief and effective non-pharmacologic treatment for insomnia that is recommended as the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia. Despite the benefits for many patients, 25–40% of patients do not have remission of their insomnia disorder. In this article, we discuss predictors of suboptimal response and a framework for assessing and mitigating factors that may interfere with treatment. For patients with a suboptimal response to CBT-I, there is no established protocol to follow because of having no published studies of non-pharmacologic treatments directly targeting CBT-I non-responders. We present evidence-based treatments beyond CBT-I that may benefit patients who are suboptimal CBT-I responders including techniques for promoting adherence and other non-pharmacologic treatments including CBT to address psychiatric symptoms, mindfulness, exercise, bright light, and melatonin treatments. We also discuss the importance of assessment of comorbid sleep disorders and the potential use of hypnotic medications. There are other potential non-pharmacologic treatment that may be beneficial to patients with suboptimal response to CBT-I. However, further research is needed to guide treatment algorithms for patients who have suboptimal response to CBT-I in order to inform treatment decision making.
Ultrasensitive Chemiluminescent Detection of Cathepsin B: Insights into the New Frontier of Chemiluminescent Imaging.

Let there be light: Chemiluminescence provides a bright detection signal against a dark background and offers an excellent signal-to-noise ratio for analysis. Now, a chemiluminescent probe for cathepsin B has been developed that provides a 16,000-fold improvement in sensitivity for detecting protease activity.
Millimeter-wave MMIC characterization by noncontact electro-optic sampling

The first time-domain measurements on millimeter-wave monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) have been accomplished using noncontact electro-optic sampling. The technique, employing a tiny crystal of lithium tantalate, allows the extraction of voltage waveforms from arbitrary locations in integrated circuits. One study, of a Texas Instruments MMIC amplifier, has determined the response of a narrow-band circuit to have a center frequency of 32.5 GHz.
Semantic Lexicon Expansion for Concept-Based Aspect-Aware Sentiment Analysis

We have developed a prototype for sentiment analysis that is able to identify aspects of an entity being reviewed, along with the sentiment polarity associated to those aspects. Our approach relies on a core ontology of the task, augmented by a workbench for bootstrapping, expanding and maintaining semantic assets that are useful for a number of text analytics tasks. The workbench has the ability to start from classes and instances defined in an ontology and expand their corresponding lexical realizations according to target corpora. In this paper we present results from applying the resulting semantic asset to enhance information extraction techniques for concept-level sentiment analysis. Our prototype(Demo at http://bit.ly/1svngDi) is able to perform SemSA’s Elementary Task (Polarity Detection), Advanced Task #1 (Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis), and Advanced Task #3 (Topic Spotting).
Control of Pluripotency and Reprogramming

Abstract Pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming, natural events in animal development, are controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic regulators include cell cycle dynamics, chromatin structure, and the pluripotent transcriptional regulatory network, which is governed by a small number of transcription factors and microRNA transcripts. Extrinsic regulators are located in the stem cell niche, which regulates stem cell homeostasis according to stem cell shape, position in the embryo, and access to growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins, and they provide the necessary cell–cell interactions. Aspects of the niche independently regulate stem cell homeostasis via growth factor signaling. This intrinsic regulation is governed by a genetic process in vivo and can be induced by exposing somatic cells in vitro that promote reprogramming, or it may be governed by extrinsic nonautonomous signaling.
Transport of Calcium Across Biological Membranes

The precipitation or the “solidification” of mineral salts in living organisms requires that certain conditions be met, among which is the presence of an adequate supply of calcium ions within the “microvicinity” of the site of mineralization. To assure that this condition prevails, various transport and regulatory mechanisms have evolved as evidenced by information from both phylogenetic and ontogenic investigations. Included here are special membrane processes and specific hormones, such as parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
The Procurement of a Health Care Information System within the United Kingdom’s National Health Service

This case describes the procurement of a large administrative computer-based information system for a UK hospital. By ‘procurement’, we mean the various processes that take a business from a decision that it needs a new system, to the stage where the system is available and ready for use. Specifically, the study describes the experiences of staff in a large District General Hospital, as they worked to replace an ageing Patient Management System (PMS).
Pharmacy Internships: We Can Do Better.

The pharmacist’s role in patient care is expanding, and the profession must prepare its graduates for direct patient care. Internships can help facilitate this training outside of the formal pharmacy curriculum. Intern roles can expand beyond distributive tasks to compliment the full range of pharmacist activities, providing value to the student and institution. Crucially, outcomes measured must not only be traditional measures of student and pharmacist output, but also the growth and success of the student within the program. Creative metrics (e.g. resilience or leadership development) should be considered when assessing programmatic outcomes. Programs already engaged in internship programs should assess their respective programs and report findings. Article Type: Commentary
Orthodontic Treatment for Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Orthodontic treatment for any child is by and large elective. Even in the case of outlier orthodontic conditions, the best treatment may not involve tooth movement. The clinician’s mindset is the greatest indicator of treatment success for the patient with an intellectual disability (ID). In essence, orthodontic treatment of the child with an ID is the art of the achievable and not the science of the improbable. The tenets of evidence-based dental practice are very difficult to apply when your sample population is so unique that n always equals 1. This chapter will discuss a pragmatic approach to orthodontic treatment for children with intellectual disabilities.