cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of short-term and long-term depleted uranium exposure on open-field behavior and brain lipid oxidation in rats.

Male and female rats were exposed to depleted uranium acetate (DU) in drinking water at doses of 0, 75, or 150 mg/L for either 2 weeks or 6 months. After exposure, the animals were tested for behaviors in the open-field. After testing in the open-field, the brains were examined for levels of lipid oxidation using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay. Behavioral differences (line crossing and rearing) were seen in male rats after 2 weeks exposure to DU in drinking water for the highest dose group. Increased brain lipid oxidation was seen for the highest dose group for both genders. Lipid oxidation levels correlated significantly with line crossing and rearing in the open-field. After 6 months exposure, behavioral differences for male rats in the open-field remained and expanded to include other behaviors (grooming, defecation, and urination). Female rats also demonstrated some behavioral changes after 6 months exposure. Lipid oxidation in the brain continued to be seen; however, these levels no longer correlated with open-field behaviors. These data suggest that DU is a toxin that crosses the blood–brain barrier, producing behavioral changes in male rats and lipid oxidation regardless of gender in as little as 2 weeks in the rat. Longer exposures to DU may produce greater behavioral changes but compensatory mechanisms may reduce the effects of lipid oxidation. Males appear to be more sensitive to the behavioral effects of DU.
Hyperspectral signal models and implications to material detection algorithms

The paper presents a concise overview of hyperspectral signal models and the target detection algorithms resulting from their adoption. We focus on detection algorithms derived using established statistical techniques and whose performance is predictable under reasonable assumptions about hyperspectral imaging data. We show that the family of elliptically contoured distributions (ECDs), in general, and the t-ECD, in particular, provide a more accurate model for hyperspectral backgrounds, compared to the widely used multivariate normal distribution. Since many detection algorithms derived for normal distributions apply to ECDs as well, the ECD models provide a better framework for modeling and analyzing hyperspectral imaging data.
Julian the Apostate at Antioch

Few figures in the story of the rise and establishment of Christianity have drawn so much attention as Julian the Apostate. The emperor who attempted to overthrow the church and reestablish the ancient pagan faith has from his own day to this been bitterly attacked by some, and as stoutly defended by others, until he has become almost a legendary character. Whether monster or tragic hero, his brief career has inevitably called forth an enormous literature in which every shade of the Christian and the pagan points of view is represented.' Professional scholars and men of letters, attracted by a number of different aspects of the emperor's life, find rich material in the problem of his curiously mixed personality and in the spectacle of this last concerted attempt to revive dying paganism. The manner in which the pagans responded to the attempt, and the way in which the church combatted this attack upon it, are alike subjects which will seem to every student to offer valuable lessons. Scholars realize both the difficulty and the importance of a just appreciation of these problems, and the effort to assay them properly has produced studies of the highest value.
A Review of: “Duncan McCargo. Tearing Apart the Land: Islam and Legitimacy in Southern Thailand. Duncan McCargo (ed.). Rethinking Thailand's Southern Violence.”

The conflict in Southern Thailand has commonly been described as part of the wider phenomenon of Islamic radicalism in Southeastern Asia, existing alongside violence in the Philippines and Indonesi...
Orientation Effects on Pyroelectric Properties of Solution - Derived Bismuth Titanate Films

Ferroelectric bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) thin films with controlled degree of c-orientation were fabricated on Pt/Si substrate by solution spin-casting technique. The degree of c-orientation of the films was characterized by XRD analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Film properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, spontaneous polarization, and coercive field varied over the range of (119-87), (0.04-0.015), (8-4 μC/cm2), and (30-20 kV/cm), respectively as the degree of c- orientation of the films increased from 0.3 to 0.85. Values for the pyroelectric coefficient, voltage responsivity, and voltage figure of merit were also evaluated. These properties exhibited strong dependence on the degree of c-orientation of the films and, for highly oriented films, reached values of 9.5 nC/°C. cm2, 62 V/W, and 0.4x10-10 C. cm/J, respectively. The inter-correlation between degree of c-orientation, grain morphology, and pyroelectric properties of the films were explored in this study.
Intermediacy and Gene-Environment Interaction : The Example of CHRNA5-A3 Region, Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Lung Cancer

During the “candidate gene era,” many studies with a small number of cases investigated a small number of variants in a limited number of genes chosen on the basis of partial knowledge of their function. These studies established only a few genetic risk factors for cancer (1) and other diseases. Remarkably, recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have produced strong evidence that variation in a number of genomic regions affects risk of disease (2). Successful GWA studies most often used an agnostic approach to interrogating as many of the more common genetic variants as feasible (up to a million now) and large numbers of cases. They adopted a de facto criterion for genome-wide statistical significance of P values below 10−7 (3), thus guaranteeing a low chance of reporting a false positive even for quite low prior probabilities of association and weak effects (4), and they used statistical methods, such as principal components analysis (5), which protects not only against population stratification but also against poor control selection (6).
Tax Evasion and Monopoly Output Decisions with Endogenous Probability of Detection

The profit tax evasion and monopoly output decisions are examined in the uncerAbstract tainty model with endogenous probability of detection. When a rational but amoral, profit-understated firm in advance considers the probability of detection and punishment, the optimal output rate and the optimal cost-overstating factor will be deliberately determined The analysis shows that the effect of profit tax may be either production in excess, or less than, the conventional monopoly output level. The result suggests that the profit tax cannot be relied on for reducing the monopoly distortion.
A Conserved Enhancer Element Differentially Regulates Developmental Expression of CD5 in B and T Cells

We previously identified an enhancer element upstream of the mouse cd5 gene that was required in reporter assays for the induction of cd5 promoter activity by BCR cross-linking. This element is highly conserved in placental mammals. To determine its physiological role, we have now generated mice with a targeted deletion of the enhancer. The result is the loss of CD5 expression in peritoneal and splenic B-1a cells of adult mice and an inability to induce CD5 by cross-linking of the BCR on splenic B-2 cells. Surprisingly, CD5 expression on B-1a cells of neonatal mice was only minimally compromised. Cd5 enhancer deletion also had only a modest effect on CD5 expression in the T lineage. Thus, this enhancer provides age- and tissue-specific regulation of CD5 expression and is an example of the utilization of different modes of regulation of expression in T and B cells.
Invariant jets of foliations along hyperbolic sets

It is shown that under certain conditions a hyperbolic set will possess an invariant structure in addition to the invariant submanifolds. This invariant structure is in the form of a ‘jet of a foliation’ along the leaves.
Predicting nuclear reactor emergency evacuation behavior

Logistic regression analyses of survey data from a sample of households within the vicinity of the Shoreham Nuclear Power Station support nearly all of the hypothesized linkages in a theoretical model of nuclear reactor emergency evacuation decision-making. The results indicate that, if a TMI type accident were to occur at the Shoreham plant, nearly one-third of the Long Island population (~ 289,000 households) would evacuate voluntarily or spontaneously. Implications for future-oriented nuclear emergency evacuation planning are discussed.
An Analysis of a Piezo-Electric Oscillator Circuit

In this paper there is presented a mathematical analysis of a crystal "oscillator" circuit based on the suppositions: (a) that the oscillating crystal plate may be replaced by an equivalent electrical network; (b) that the "oscillation characteristic" of the tube may be represented by a three term nonlinear expression. The principal results are contained in an expression giving the resulting a-c plate voltage as a function of the plate tuning capacity, and the tube and circuit parameters. From this equation certain conclusions are drawn as to the suitable values for these parameters. The principal limiatations of the analysis are those due to the assumptions: (a) that the internal grid current is negligibly small; (b) that the resistance drop terms in the differential equation may be neglected in comparison with the reactance drop terms. It is pointed out that while the former assumption does not materially affect the results obtained, the latter, by introducing a certain discontinuity which has no physical counterpart, leaves much to be desired in the interpretation of the results for a certain important range of values of the independent variable.
Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm

Also known as solid-cystic tumor, papillary-cystic tumor, and solid and papillary tumor of the pancreas, this low-grade primary pancreatic epithelial neoplasm accounts for 1% of all exocrine pancreatic neoplasms. It occurs predominantly in adolescent girls and young women and is rare in men and children. Patients often present with vague abdominal discomfort/pain and an enlarging abdominal mass. Not infrequently, patients are asymptomatic and the tumors are found incidentally on physical examination or by imaging for the workup for unrelated conditions. Jaundice and hormonal disturbances are rare. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) usually reveal a well-demarcated and variably cystic mass, averaging 10cm and usually located in the body or tail of the pancreas. Tumor calcification may be present. As smaller tumors are identified with the increased use of more sensitive imaging techniques, cystic degeneration and calcification are often not seen.
Hybridization of Cultivated Rice with its Wild Relatives to Incorporate Sheath Blight Resistance

Wild relatives of crop plants often have served as additional sources of disease resistance genes. Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) is one of the two major fungal diseases affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to introduce additional sources of sheath blight resistance from wild relatives of rice (Oryza species) into southern U.S. rice cultivars.
Abstract 129: Severity of Symptoms from Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Depression and Anxiety: Preliminary Data from the InRhythm Study

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects approximately 4 million Americans, and two out of three AF patients are affected by troublesome symptoms. Symptomatic AF often leads to hospitalization, diminishes quality of life, and imposes considerable stress on affected individuals. Depression and anxiety are exceedingly common in AF, affecting up to one-half of these patients. Nevertheless, few investigations have examined the association between severity and type of AF-related symptoms with depression or anxiety. Methods: A cohort of 113 ambulatory patients treated for symptomatic AF in the University of Massachusetts Medical Center’s AF Treatment Program were assessed for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), anxiety by the Generalized Anxiety Score (GAD), and health-related quality of life using the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life (AFEQT) as part of an ongoing study of AF treatment and psychosocial factors. We used logistic regression models to examine the association between severity of AF symptoms in four symptom classes (palpitations, dizziness, pauses in heart activity, and irregularity) and severity of depression or anxiety. Results: Participants were 34% female with a mean age of 64 years. Seventy-six percent had paroxysmal AF, and the average AFEQT score was 67 ± 23 (range 0-100, 100 = no disability). Twenty-five percent (n=28) reported moderate or severe anxiety and 40% (n=46) had moderate or severe depression. In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex, race, AF type, history of heart failure and coronary artery disease, participants with severe palpitations (23%) and dizziness (25%) were 3 to 5 times more likely to report moderate or severe symptoms of depression and anxiety ( Table , p for all <0.05). Those with severe pauses (9%) and moderate irregularity (29%) were 3 to 7 times more likely to report high depressive symptoms, but not anxiety, than participants with minimal or no symptoms ( Table , p for all <0.05). Conclusion: Participants with AF commonly had symptoms, and the severity of symptoms was positively associated with depression and anxiety. In light of the known association between AF, depression and anxiety, rhythm control strategies such as catheter ablation for AF might improve quality of life as well as symptoms of depression or anxiety. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
An Economic Analysis of Requirements to Prevent Handheld Hair Dryer Water Immersion Electrocutions in the USA

Before 1987, when handheld hair dryers were not required to protect against water immersion electrocutions, there were almost 16 such electrocutions annually in the USA. This article presents a retrospective evaluation of the benefits and costs of the 1987 and 1991 immersion protection requirements of the voluntary hair dryer safety standard in the USA. The benefits are based on estimates of the reduced risk of electrocution resulting from the requirements, and the valuation of the reduced risk derived from willingness to pay studies of the “value of statistical life” found in the economics literature. The costs were defined as the incremental costs associated with incorporating the immersion protection technology into handheld hair dryers. The study found that the requirements were highly effective and may have reduced the immersion-related mortality rate by almost 97%. The expected present value of the estimated benefits of the requirements amounted to about $4.56 per dryer in 2014 dollars and substantially exceeded the costs of about $2 per dryer. The primary outcome measure, the expected net benefits (i.e., benefits minus costs) of the requirements, amounted to an average of about $2.56 per hair dryer, over the hair dryer’s expected product life. Given sales of about 23 million handheld hair dryers annually, the present value of the expected net benefits associated with 1 year’s production would have amounted to about $58.9 million. A sensitivity analysis showed that the major findings were robust with respect to changes in the underlying parameters of the analysis. The study also discusses the factors leading to a high rate of effectiveness estimated for the immersion protection requirements.
A paradigm for experimental control of mediating verbal process

Subjects learned A-B-C-D chains of meaningful words and were tested under positive, negative and neutral transfer conditions for A-C or A-D pairs. Transfer conditions were not mixed, but were uniform in each of three groups. Positive and negative transfer were demonstrated. It is asserted that this paradigm makes experimental control of mediating process possible.
Lariat intronic RNAs in the cytoplasm of Xenopus tropicalis oocytes

We previously demonstrated that the oocyte nucleus (germinal vesicle or GV) of Xenopus tropicalis contains a population of stable RNA molecules derived from the introns of most expressed genes. Here we show that similar stable intronic sequence (sis) RNAs occur in the oocyte cytoplasm. About 9000 cytoplasmic sisRNAs have been identified, all of which are resistant to the exonuclease RNase R. About half have been confirmed as lariat molecules and the rest are presumed to be lariats, whereas nuclear sisRNAs are a mixture of lariat and linear molecules. Cytoplasmic sisRNAs are more abundant on a molar basis than nuclear sisRNAs and are derived from short introns, mostly under 1 kb in length. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic sisRNAs are transmitted intact to the egg at GV breakdown and persist until at least the blastula stage of embryogenesis, when zygotic transcription begins. We compared cytoplasmic sisRNAs derived from orthologous genes of X. tropicalis and X. laevis, and found that the specific introns from which sisRNAs are derived are not conserved. The existence of sisRNAs in the cytoplasm of the oocyte, their transmission to the fertilized egg, and their persistence during early embryogenesis suggest that they might play a regulatory role in mRNA translation.
Abstract P2-04-05: Prolonged targeted overexpression of Aurora-A in mammary epithelium promotes mammary adenocarcinoma with genomic instability

Aurora kinase-A (referred to as Aurora-A) identified as a sereine/threonine kinase induces mitotic progression process including centrosome amplification, bipolar spindle formation and chromosome segregation through modulation of activity and localization of its interacting proteins during cell division. Beside its essential roles in mitosis, cancer profiling studies have revealed that Aurora-A function is implicated in tumor relevant signaling pathways and overexpressed in many human tumors. The findings showed highly frequent overexpression of Aurora-A in human breast ductal carcinoma in situ and primary invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Moreover, the Aurora-A overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in breast carcinoma, deregulated overexpression of Aurora-A associates with centrosome anomalies and chromosome instability in rodent models of mammary caricinogenesis. However, published studies in several transgenic mouse models attempting to address the role of Aurora-A in tumorigenesis and genomic instability have raised conflicting results. In this report we targeted expression of Aurora-A transgene in an inducible mouse model in which expression of Aurora-A was restricted to mammary epithelium during multiple pregnancy and lactation cycles under the activity of β-lactoglobulin promotor. The results demonstrate that overexpression of Aurora-A could induce tumorigenesis in mouse mammary epithelium. The tumor incidence was 70% of Aurora-A transgenic mice at 16 months of age. Of note, overexpression of Aurora-A led to genomic instability. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array analyses revealed loss of Trim12a, Trim12c, Trim30b, Trim30d, Trim30e, Cdkn2d, Pten, Cep55 and gain of Adam6. Notably, Aurora-A overexpression caused nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1, activation of AKT, overexpression of TPX2 and PLK1and loss of ERα expression in tumors. Our findings indicated that prolonged Aurora-A expression in mammary epithelium leads to mammary adenocarcinomas with genomic instability. Aurora-A driven adenocarcinoma reveals deregulation of critical tumor relevant genetic pathways involving both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These transgenic mouse model findings indicate that Aurora-A may be an important therapeutic target for mammary cancer. Keywords: Aurora-A, carcinogenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-04-05.
Prematurity prevention: who is at risk?

Multiple factors put pregnant women at risk for preterm labor. Some of these factors are obvious whereas others are more subtle. Some of these factors are more frequently present and put the patient at greater risk than others. Identification of these factors is only the first step in eliminating preterm births. Previous preterm delivery and previous preterm labor put the patient at the highest risk for recurrent preterm labor. Antenatal bleeding and chronic urinary tract infection occur frequently but seem to be associated with a lower likelihood of preterm labor. The importance of bacterial vaginosis, maternal anemia, substance abuse, and coitus as risk factors is currently being evaluated.
Can Dementia Be Delayed? What You Need to Know to Counsel Your Older Patients

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are thought to be the “defining disease of the boomer generation” and will have enormous personal and societal costs over the next several decades. Understanding normal cognitive aging will help primary care providers (PCPs) to recognize what is and is not “normal” for their patients as they age and will assist them in counseling patients about cognitive concerns. While drugs and supplements have been uniformly disappointing in preventing cognitive decline, newer evidence suggests that lifestyle modification, such as healthy diet, exercise, creativity, cognitive stimulation, and good sleep, may be helpful. This chapter reviews normal cognitive aging and the evidence for healthy habits in preventing cognitive decline and provides tips for PCPs to counsel patients on maintaining a health brain.
Personal Mediated Communication and the Concept of Community in Theory and Practice

This chapter has three purposes: first, to review theoretical and practical aspects of the concept of community that may be relevant to a better understanding of relationships between mediated communication and community; second, to explore how personal mediated communication may be affecting the creation, processes, and fates of communities; and third, to consider how the power of mediated communication technologies might alter traditional theories of communities. The chapter begins with a review of the concept of community, discussing positive and negative perspectives on the relationship between mediated communication and community. Then the chapter examines mediated communications, especially the Internet and mobile phone technology, and their potential impact on social relationships within communities. Next, the chapter considers the prospect of virtual mobile communication-based communities becoming an effective source of social capital. Interwoven with these considerations are suggestions for modif...
Le télésuivi des plaies chroniques traitées au domicile

The Franche-Comte Regional Health Authority, in collaboration with the chronic wound outpatient centre of Besancon university hospital and twelve volunteer sites, has developed a remote patient monitoring programme for monitoring chronic wounds in the home. It has been used by private practice nurses since 2009.
Consumers’ Use of UMLS Concepts on Social Media: Diabetes-Related Textual Data Analysis in Blog and Social Q&A Sites

Background: The widely known terminology gap between health professionals and health consumers hinders effective information seeking for consumers. Objective: The aim of this study was to better understand consumers’ usage of medical concepts by evaluating the coverage of concepts and semantic types of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) on diabetes-related postings in 2 types of social media: blogs and social question and answer (QA and (2) a total of 58,422 questions and associated answers posted between 2009 and 2014 in the diabetes category of Yahoo! Answers. We analyzed the datasets using a widely adopted biomedical text processing framework Apache cTAKES and its extension YTEX. First, we applied the named entity recognition (NER) method implemented in YTEX to identify UMLS concepts in the datasets. We then analyzed the coverage and the popularity of concepts in the UMLS source vocabularies across the 2 datasets (ie, blogs and social QA4(4):e41]
Fatigue reduction diet in breast cancer survivors: a pilot randomized clinical trial.

Purpose Fatigue is a prevalent and burdensome effect of breast cancer. Fatigue has been linked to chronic inflammation, and diets high in antioxidant nutrients have been associated with lesser prevalence and severity of fatigue. Studies are needed, however, to test if antioxidant-rich diets could improve fatigue.
Case Series of Pediatric Sickle Retinopathy By Sensitive Clinical Imaging Technologies Suggests Frequent Early Pathology

Introduction : Sickle cell retinopathy (SCR) reflects disease-related vascular injury. Previous studies of pediatric SCR using standard imaging approaches reported retinopathy in Results : Eight children (mean age 16.3 years; 5 HbSS, 2 HbSC,1 HbS-Beta thalassemia0) were evaluated. Three were on hydroxyurea therapy, 1 on chronic transfusion, 1 on both and 3 on no therapy. No patient had vision disturbance at the time of examination. Biomicroscopic examination revealed sunburst lesions in the mid-peripheral retina in 3 patients and subtle vascular changes in the far periphery of all patients. In contrast, UWFA detected extensive capillary non- perfusion of the peripheral retina with abnormal vascular loops (Goldberg Stage I) in all 8 patients; 3 patients had peripheral arteriovenous anastomoses (Goldberg Stage II) that were undetectable by biomicroscopy. No patient had Goldberg Stages III-V. SD-OCT demonstrated thinning of the temporal macula in 2 patients, and OCT-A of both patients revealed flow voids in both the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus in the area of thinned retina. Both the SD- OCT and OCT-A abnormalities were undetectable with standard biomicroscopy. Conclusions : All 8 children with SCD in this case series demonstrated evidence of SCR using the combination of standard biomicroscopy, UWFA, SD-OCT, and OCT-A imaging. Findings from these sensitive imaging modalities suggest that pediatric SCR is more prevalent than previously suspected. Additional patients and age-equivalent controls will be included in this report to validate the specificity of findings to SCD. Larger cross-sectional and prospective analyses using sensitive retina imaging are needed to confirm our findings and identify their significance for detecting pathology. If confirmed, these approaches may enhance early screening for patients at risk of vision-threatening consequences of SCR. Supported by the Irving Institute CTSA at CUMC and by 2T35HL007616 (DP). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Diseases of Dairy Animals | Infectious Diseases: Tuberculosis

Mycobacteria are common in the environment. The two major infectious diseases of cattle caused by mycobacteria are tuberculosis, caused by Mb. bovis, and paratuberculosis, also called Johne’s disease, caused by Mb. paratuberculosis. This article will focus exclusively on bovine tuberculosis which has plagued cattle since their domestication. Domestication and the increased animal density that results was probably responsible for this disease entering the cattle population from humans by adaptation of the human cause of tuberculosis, Mb. tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis, while well adapted to cattle, is genetically similar to Mb. tuberculosis and both are capable of infecting humans. The chronic debilitating nature of bovine tuberculosis results in impaired animal productivity. While this is a sufficient reason to control the infection, it is the zoonotic potential of this microbe that has prompted many countries to invest large sums of money to eradicate the disease. Bovine tuberculosis has largely been eradicated from North America, Australia and most of western Europe. It remains a common and difficult problem for developing countries and in those locations where Mb. bovis has become established in wildlife populations, making eradication virtually impossible. This article discusses the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease.
Hospital readmissions for childhood asthma: the role of individual and neighborhood factors.

Objectives.This study used a Cox proportional hazards model to determine whether neighborhood characteristics are associated with risk of readmission for childhood asthma independently of individua...
Protein Succination Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Mediates CHOP Stability in the Adipocyte during Diabetes

The intake of excess nutrients surpasses the energy requirements of the adipocyte and leads to increased mitochondrial stress. We have previously shown that this is associated with the accumulation of the mitochondrial metabolite fumarate. Fumarate can react with protein thiols to form the chemical modification S-(2-succino) cysteine (2SC), also termed protein succination. Succination is significantly increased in the adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic mouse models, and in adipocytes matured in high glucose, resulting in impaired protein function. We consistently observe that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) is elevated in parallel with increased fumarate and protein succination, independent of other markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. We propose that fumarate may indirectly promote CHOP stability through the succination of Keap1 thiols, as Keap1 regulates CHOP ubiquitination and turnover. Fumarase knockdown (FHKD) or control 3T3-L1 adipocytes were matured in normal (5 mM) or high (25-30 mM) glucose. Protein succination, CHOP stability and activation of Keap1/Nrf2 in adipocyte lysates and adipose tissue (db/db mice) were analyzed. Keap1 succination sites were identified by LC-MS/MS. Fumarate, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species were measured in control and FHKD adipocytes. We discovered that while Keap1 is directly succinated in the presence of excess fumarate derived from fumarase knockdown cells, it is the oxidative modification of Keap1 that predominates in adipocytes matured in high glucose. We also determined that succination indirectly regulates CHOP stability through the induction of oxidative stress in the FHKD model. N-acetylcysteine reduced fumarate levels, protein succination and CHOP levels in adipocytes matured in high glucose. The results shown here demonstrate that elevated fumarate can induce oxidative stress, and that the oxidation of Keap1 thiols contributes to reduced CHOP turnover in the adipocyte during diabetes. This study emphasizes the combined roles of both metabolite derived stress and oxidative stress in the modulation of adipocyte proteins during diabetes.
Incidence of antiemetic‐induced akathisia in patients at a comprehensive cancer center

Introduction Akathisia is a common and severely disabling medication-induced movement disorder. The condition is often missed, and patients suffer for a long time until diagnosed and managed properly. It is important to bring awareness to the clinicians for early detection and management of akathisia. Methods We reviewed a 4-year record of patients seen at a comprehensive cancer center for anxiety and restlessness. Patients diagnosed with akathisia and the medications causing akathisia were identified. Management of akathisia is discussed. Results The results showed that 4.7% of patients developed akathisia while taking antiemetic agents to control chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting. Early detection and management of akathisia resulted in quick recovery and reduced patients' suffering. Conclusion Akathisia is an unpleasant feeling of motor restlessness with anxiety. Clinicians need to have a full understanding to identify the subtle difference between functional anxiety and akathisia.
Eph Receptors and Ephrins: Role in Vascular Development and Tumor Angiogenesis

The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-bound ligands, the ephrins, play a crucial role in vascular remodeling during embryogenesis. More recently, these molecules have been shown to regulate postnatal vascular remodeling, particularly tumor neovascularization. This chapter provides an overview of Eph receptors and ephrins in vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. Recent advances in our understanding of how these molecules function in both tumor tissue and host vasculature suggest that several Eph/ephrin family members will make excellent new targets for anticancer therapy.
A Chat About Chat

This is an informal discussion from my personal perspective on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). I envision an epical opportunity for promising new media to enable interpersonal interaction with today’s network technologies. While asynchronous media have often been tried in classroom settings, I have found that synchronous text chat in small workgroups can be particularly engaging in certain circumstances—although perhaps chat can often be integrated with asynchronous hypermedia to support interaction within larger communities over longer periods. More generally, building collaborative knowledge, making shared meaning, clarifying a group’s terminology, inscribing specialized symbols and creating significant artifacts are foundational activities in group processes, which underlie internalized learning and individual understanding no matter what the medium. Therefore, I look at the online discourse of small groups to see how groups as such accomplish these activities. This has consequences for research and design about learning environments that foster knowledge building through group cognition, and consequently contribute to individual learning.
Surgery in the Past 75 Years

The armistice of November 11, 1918, was unfortunately not followed by a lasting peace in Europe. Individual countries were faced with major political and economic problems, which often led to social unrest. Although the United States, after having contributed so much to the Allied Forces’ victory, showed a tendency towards a degree of political isolationism, the American life-style nevertheless began to penetrate Europe. On both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, jazz music, the Charleston and foxtrot, cocktails, the cinema and short skirts were a part of the cheerful life-style of the ‘roaring’ ‘twenties’, which did its best to forget the preceding years in superficial entertainment. More profound social changes resulted from the fading of traditions, the rise of the trade union movement, and, last but not least, the changed position of women, who during the war had acquired a degree of independence they were unwilling to relinquish. Technological developments such as the telephone, wireless broadcasting, the automobile, and even to a certain extent aviation — KLM opened its first regular air service in 1920 — contributed to the development of a way of life sharply different from before the war.
Exponential Growth of Technology and the Impact on Economic Jobs and Teachings: Change by Assimilation

Today’s computer programs, AI, and Robotics, are vastly superior, faster, more accurate, and some people would argue, easier to deal with than most economists, statisticians, and the currently used economic models. If that is the case, what are we to do, and what are the options? There are many. This paper will provide research information on what is working or not, has changed, and what other options might lurk in the future for this holy grail of science. The literature shows that Artificial Intelligence offers a way to amplify and go beyond the current capacity of capital and labor to drive economic growth. UMO is just one of the examples showing what a hive mentality can achieve and how accurate and predictable the outcome can be. We will discuss how to suspend assumptions and why we ought to stay open to different ideas. Organizations such as Accenture research report on the impact of AI in 12 developed economies, stating it “reveals that AI could double annual economic growth rates in 2035 by changing the nature of work and creating a new relationship between man and machine.”
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

e16193Background: The impact of using adjuvant chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma i...
Naguib Mahfouz: Symbolism Versus Realism

What would motivate the renowned Egyptian novelist of classical stature to attempt writing experimental short stories and plays belonging to the trend of younger generations? In fact, Mahfouz’s novels at the prime of his career paralleled the short story collections of his youth, which were purely realistic, while his later collections such as Under the Bus-Stop Umbrella and The Black Cat Bar—published after the June 1967 war, broke from that tradition to explore the unknown and establish a new effect upon readers.
Recent trends in stochastic gradient descent for machine learning and big data

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), also known as stochastic approximation, refers to certain simple iterative structures used for solving stochastic optimization and root finding problems. The identifying feature of SGD is that, much like in gradient descent for deterministic optimization, each successive iterate in the recursion is determined by adding an appropriately scaled gradient estimate to the prior iterate. Owing to several factors, SGD has become the leading method to solve optimization problems arising within large-scale machine learning and "big data" contexts such as classification and regression. This tutorial covers the basics of SGD with an emphasis on modern developments. The tutorial starts with examples where SGD is applicable, and then details important flavors of SGD and reported complexity calculations.
Symmetry in Syntax: Merge, Move and Labels

While much has been written on asymmetric aspects of sentence structure, symmetric aspects have been largely ignored, or claimed to be non-existent. Does symmetry in syntax exist, and if it does, how do we account for it? In this book, Barbara Citko sets out to tackle these questions and offers a unified approach to a number of phenomena that have so far been studied only in isolation. Focusing on three core minimalist mechanisms: merge, move and labeling, she advances a new theory of these mechanisms, by showing that under certain well-defined circumstances merge can create symmetric structures, move can target either of two potentially moveable objects, and labels can be constructed symmetrically from the features of two objects. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students interested in minimalist syntax, the structure of questions, relative clauses, coordination, double object constructions and copular sentences.
Promoting Physical Activity in Parks: Kinesiology Students Serving the Community

Background and Purpose: Adding outdoor gym equipment to a park has the potential to influence the physical activity of park users. This study piloted the feasibility of utilizing kinesiology students as physical activity coaches to promote physical activity and to motivate park users to use the outdoor exercise equipment in public parks. Methods: Pairs of student coaches (N=24) were placed in 10 parks throughout four cities for a total of 12 coaching sessions per week for 11 weeks. Students were trained in motivational interviewing techniques and behavior change skills to incorporate during their interactions with park users. Data was collected using attendance at the coaching sessions as well as the Systems for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities to scan park use before and after the pilot. Descriptive statistics and dependent t-tests were used to compare the difference in park use. Results: Students coached 205 residents and tracked 475 residents using the exercise equipment. There was no significant difference in park use (p=.066) or exercise equipment use (p=0.58), although numbers were lower after the pilot. However, the percentage of vigorously active users on the exercise equipment remained constant (37.9% vs. 36.3%, p=. 91). Conclusion: Despite no differences in use over time, the student coaches engaged with many users, supporting the feasibility of this approach.
Experimental control from wake induced autorotation with applications to energy harvesting

This study is devoted to the investigation of optimal conditions for flow-induced autorotation of a hinged cylinder in a direction perpendicular to the flow in a water tunnel. Previous studies of h...
Recommendations for performance optimizations when using GATK3.8 and GATK4

Use of the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) continues to be the standard practice in genomic variant calling in both research and the clinic. Recently the toolkit has been rapidly evolving. Significant computational performance improvements have been introduced in GATK3.8 through collaboration with Intel in 2017. The first release of GATK4 in early 2018 revealed rewrites in the code base, as the stepping stone toward a Spark implementation. As the software continues to be a moving target for optimal deployment in highly productive environments, we present a detailed analysis of these improvements, to help the community stay abreast with changes in performance. We re-evaluated multiple options, such as threading, parallel garbage collection, I/O options and data-level parallelization. Additionally, we considered the trade-offs of using GATK3.8 and GATK4. We found optimized parameter values that reduce the time of executing the best practices variant calling procedure by 29.3% for GATK3.8 and 16.9% for GATK4. Further speedups can be accomplished by splitting data for parallel analysis, resulting in run time of only a few hours on whole human genome sequenced to the depth of 20X, for both versions of GATK. Nonetheless, GATK4 is already much more cost-effective than GATK3.8. Thanks to significant rewrites of the algorithms, the same analysis can be run largely in a single-threaded fashion, allowing users to process multiple samples on the same CPU. In time-sensitive situations, when a patient has a critical or rapidly developing condition, it is useful to minimize the time to process a single sample. In such cases we recommend using GATK3.8 by splitting the sample into chunks and computing across multiple nodes. The resultant walltime will be nnn.4 hours at the cost of $41.60 on 4 c5.18xlarge instances of Amazon Cloud. For cost-effectiveness of routine analyses or for large population studies, it is useful to maximize the number of samples processed per unit time. Thus we recommend GATK4, running multiple samples on one node. The total walltime will be ∼34.1 hours on 40 samples, with 1.18 samples processed per hour at the cost of $2.60 per sample on c5.18xlarge instance of Amazon Cloud.
Synthesis and Use of Glycosyl Phosphates as Glycosyl Donors

Dibutyl 3, 4, 6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucal 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-2-O-pivaloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidiene-alpha-D-galactopyranoside 1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranose Keywords: glycosyl phosphates; glycosyl donor; waste disposal; carbohydrates; biologically relevant compounds; glycosylation
A Geo/Geo/1 Inventory Priority Queue with Self Induced Interruption

This paper considers discrete time (s, S) inventory Geo/Geo/1 priority queue formed by the customers’ induced interruption during service. An arriving customer enters into a high priority queue of infinite capacity. During his/her service, the service may be interrupted due to own reasons with some probability. The interrupted customer is moved to a lower priority queue of infinite capacity. An item in the inventory is supplied whenever a customer leaves from high priority queue after interrupting/completing the service. The customer in the lower priority queue is served according to preemptive priority discipline. Inter-arrival time, service time and lead time are considered to be geometrically distributed. We use the matrix analytic method to analyse the model. The necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the system is obtained. The marginal distributions of both higher and lower priority queue lengths are studied. Numerical experiments are incorporated to draw special attention to the importance of the model.
Peri-adolescent asthma: Acute impacts on innate immune response, corticosterone, and microglia in mice

Abstract Asthma is highly comorbid with anxiety in youth. We investigated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and microglia as mechanisms underlying asthma and anxiety comorbidity. We induced asthma symptoms in developing BALB/cJ mice with house dust mite (HDM) for airway inflammation and methacholine (MCH) for bronchoconstriction. On the last day of exposure, we analyzed samples at six timepoints. Lung IL-5 and IL-1β expression peaked 4 h after final HDM exposure. Circulating corticosterone was blunted in a sex- and treatment-specific temporal pattern. Hippocampal IL-1β expression and microglial area were marginally increased 24 h after MCH exposure. These results provide a foundation for further work investigating asthma-anxiety mechanisms.
High-Uniformity, High-Performance Double Material Dielectric Diffractive Metagratings

In this work we propose a solution for the creation of a nanojet focusing component based on a combination of two dielectric materials capable of managing the position of the focused beam in the near zone. We demonstrate that the double-material design of the elements of metagratings can be used to change its diffraction properties improving the diffraction efficiency and diffraction uniformity.
Effect of Time to Hand Therapy following Zone II Flexor Tendon Repair.

This population-based study aimed to define how time to hand therapy following isolated zone II flexor tendon repairs impacts complications and secondary procedures. Methods Insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan Databases were used to evaluate outcomes after isolated zone II flexor tendon repairs between January 2009 and October 2015. Cohorts differing in time to hand therapy were compared to evaluate the impact on complications, reoperation, and number of therapy sessions. Secondary outcomes analyzed how the number of therapy sessions affected rates of reoperation. Results Hand therapy was identified in 82% of patients (N = 2867) following tendon reconstruction. Therapy initiation occurred within 1 week, 1-4 weeks, and after 4 weeks in 56%, 35%, and 9% of patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed no difference in non-tendinous complications (27%, 30%, 29%; P = 0.29) or tendon rupture rates (13%, 13%, 10%; P = 0.42) within 90 days between cohorts. Multivariable analysis showed no difference in rates of tenolysis (6.3%, 6%, 4.4%; P > 0.01). In the early initiation cohort, >23 hand therapy sessions were associated with the highest rates of tenolysis (19%). Conclusions Despite being a common fear of hand surgeons, early initiation of hand therapy was not associated with increased tendon rupture rates. Although delayed therapy is a concern for tendon scarring, it did not confer a higher risk of tenolysis. Complication rates do not appear to correlate with timing of hand therapy. Therefore, hand surgeons should promote early mobility following isolated flexor tendon injuries given the known functional outcome benefits.