cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary effects of repeated exposures to paraquat aerosol in guinea pigs

Abstract Exposure to paraquat, a widely used herbicide, has been shown to produce a concentration dependent rapid, shallow breathing pattern in guinea pigs 18 hr following exposure (H. Burleigh-Flayer and Y. Alarie 1987, Arch. Toxicol. , 59 (6), 391–396). To further explore the pulmonary effects following exposure to paraquat, two experiments were carried out. The first experiment consisted of exposing a group of guinea pigs for a period of 4 hr to 0.7 mg/m 3 paraquat aerosol and monitoring respiratory variables for 2 weeks following the exposure. In the second experiment, three groups of guinea pigs were repeatedly exposed to three concentrations of paraquat aerosol (0.1, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/m 3 ) for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Respiratory variables were measured each day of these-3-week experiments. The respiratory variables evaluated in both experiments were tidal volume ( VT ) and respiratory frequency ( f ). These variables were monitored during air breathing and upon challenge with 10% CO 2 in 20% O 2 and 70% N 2 in order to evaluate the pulmonary effects of exposure to paraquat. Following a single exposure to 0.7 mg/m 3 paraquat aerosol, a decrease in VT and increase in f were seen during air and 10% CO 2 challenge which reached a maximum several days following exposure. After reaching maximal changes, the respiratory variables returned to control values. With repeated 6-hr exposures to paraquat aerosol. guinea pigs exposed to 0.4 and 0.8 mg/m 3 also displayed a rapid, shallow breathing pattern. Adaptation to the exposures for these two concentration groups was evidenced by a return of the respiratory variables toward control levels. This adaptation typically occurred during the first 7 days of exposures. A cumulative effect was therefore not detected with repeated exposures to paraquat aerosols.
Arteriovenous Vertebral Fistulae: Cure by Combination of Operation and Detachable Intravascular Balloon

The direct surgical treatment of vertebral arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) presents serious difficulty and risk. Techniques for intravascular occlusion or embolization have made the treatment of AVF safer and effective. However, the occlusion of an AVF involving the segment where the vertebral vein becomes a single vessel may result in pulmonary emoblization by the occluding material. A combined procedure involving ligation of the vertebral vein and detachable balloon occlusion of the fistula was used in two instances without complications and with complete cure of the AVF.
HBZ RNA may promote cell survival against clastogenic damages and thereby contributes to the development of leukemic ATL cells

HTLV-1, the first tumorigenic retrovirus identified in humans, causes adult-T cell leukemia in about 5% of the infected individuals with a long latency period > 40 years. The mechanism of ATL has been extensively studied with emphasis on the role of regulatory factors encoded by the viral genome including Tax, Rex, p30 p12, p8 and p13. However, the recent discovery of a new gene HBZ (HTLV-1 basic ZIP factor) encoded by the minus strand of the virus has added a new layer to the research. HBZ helps the establishment of T-cell leukemia in mice when expressed in T-lineage cells as a transgene (demonstrated by Satou et al. in 2011). HBZ seems to exert its functions by two forms – as protein and as regulatory RNA. We hypothesized that HBZ may be responsible for the accumulation in ATL precursor cells of chromosomal damages that would arrest the cell cycle progression in normal cells. We observed that HBZ-transduced mouse and human cells become resistant to apoptotic cell death or replicative senescence that is caused by clastogenic agents including arsenic trioxide. This is accompanied by the suppression of check-point mechanisms. Importantly, this function of HBZ seems mediated by the RNA form, rather than by the HBZ-protein. The nature of the RNA form of HBZ remains largely uncharacterized at the moment and our data adds new layer leading to the comprehensive understanding of how HTLV-1 causes malignant transformation of human T cells.
Temperature analysis of low-expansion Fabry-Perot cavities.

Temperature dependent structural distortion at the contacted mirrors of low-expansion glass cavities can introduce changes to the cavity length independent of the length of the spacer. There are resulting temperature sensitivities of the path (m/K) at each end of a cavity that are proportional to the difference of the coefficient of thermal expansion (α) at the contact. The temperature sensitivity of the resonant frequency can be a minimum at a temperature TC if the product of length times α(TC) of the spacer approximately offsets the combined sensitivities of the ends, even if α(TC) of the spacer is significantly nonzero.
Nonlocal response of a small coated sphere.

A theory for the response of a small spherical particle with a coating is developed using the semiclassical infinite-barrier model. Both the core and the outer layer are described by a nonlocal dielectric function. The theory is applied to an ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-coated Al sphere and to an Sn-coated ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ sphere, and we find the coating to dominate the high-multipole response of the particle in either case. The optical-absorption and scanning tunneling electron microscopy spectra of the above systems are discussed.
The augmented RIC model of the human respiratory system

This paper describes the augmented RIC model of respiratory impedance and analyzes its parameter values estimated—by a modified Newton method with least squares criterion—from impulse oscillometry data. The data were from asthmatic children, tested pre- and post-bronchodilator, and from healthy adults and a second group of adults with COPD. Our analyses show that the augmented RIC model was 13.7–66.6% more accurate than the extended RIC model at fitting these data, while its parameter estimates were within previously reported ranges, unlike the Mead1969, DuBois and Mead models, which typically yielded compliance estimates exceeding 200 l/kPa. Additionally, the augmented RIC model’s C p parameter, representing peripheral airway compliance, is a statistically significant discriminator between unconstricted and constricted conditions (with p < 0.001) occurring in asthma and COPD. This corresponds well with current medical understanding, so the augmented RIC model is potentially useful for detection and treatment of airflow obstruction.
Comparative Effects of Mindfulness and Skills-Based Parent Training Programs for Parents of Children with Autism: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcome Data

Parents of children with autism report high levels of stress as compared to parents of typically developing children, children with chronic illnesses, and children with other developmental disabilities. Previous research has supported both parent-focused and child-focused parent training programs as effective in alleviating parental stress and enhancing meaningful parent–child interactions. In the present study, a behavioral skills approach was compared to a parent-oriented model, a mindfulness group. Fifteen parents of children with autism were matched on a measure of parental stress and were randomized to one of the two treatment groups. Each group included an 8-week program that incorporated didactics, discussion, role plays, and homework. Parental stress and global health outcomes were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Overall, the mindfulness group alone demonstrated statistically significant improvement on both outcome measures following treatment. Although significant changes were not observed in the skills group, effect sizes suggested moderate to large treatment benefits. The feasibility of the programs as well as implications and future directions of this line of research are discussed.
Aggression in psychiatric patients

Abstract Man's aggression permeates everyone's life. Although aggression is discussed increasingly, few studies have investigated it in unselected populations. The majority of studies of human aggression have subjects selected because of their violent behavior. Marten et al. 1 called attention to this fact after a literature survey. In their recent report on belligerence, they found a 74% incidence of belligerent thoughts and behavior in their population. The subjects were largely medically indigent psychiatric patients seen in the emergency room of an urban community mental health center. Males were more belligerent than females, young patients more than old, and no direct or inverse relation could be found between belligerent and self-destructive behavior. Gulevich and Bourne 2 concluded from several investigations that discharged psychiatric patients do not show a greater risk of behaving in a criminal or violent way than the general population. Rappeport, 3,4 however, revealed a higher incidence of robbery in discharged male psychiatric patients, and of aggravated assault in discharged female psychiatric patients. This study investigates specific manifestations of aggression among hospitalized psychiatric patients by using a broad definition: the entire spectrum of assertive, intrusive, and attacking behaviors directed at the self or others. 5 Patients were asked a range of questions of gradually increasing intensity about their aggression toward others and toward themselves. If their responses to a question were positive, they were categorized into three levels of expression: thoughts and feelings, verbalization, and physical action. The subjects were not selected because they were violent in some way, but because they had some psychiatric problem or illness that caused them to be hospitalized.
The Value of Automation: A Study of MPI Application Migration Methods

This paper presents a user study of the process of migrating MPI applications manually. The gathered data quantifies the scale of the challenge that researchers face when attempting to use shared computing resources. Migrating to one site took on average 2.5 hours where the majority of the time was spent on learning, compiling, and debugging. Less experienced researchers took almost 50% more time and overall spread their effort across more days. Consequently, they took on average three weeks to migrate to four sites. The study data is used to investigate the speedup that can be gained by automating the migration process. How much more efficient application migration can be when utilizing FEAM, the Framework for Efficient Application Migration, instead of just manual methods is modeled in terms of time. While an ideal solution for general automation of application migration would enable computations to run on any available compute resource with minimal user interaction and in a tuned manner, FEAM focuses on what can be automated without recompiling applications. The calculations predict that using FEAM results in a 1.6x speedup on average or just under an hour of effort saved per site. This equates to more than two day of saved effort per site. The results presented in this paper underline the value of automation in the context of application migration.
The ultra-violet and visible spectra of trans-bis (halogenoacetato)tetrammine and trans-bis (halogenoacetato)bis(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) complexes

The ultraviolet and visible spectra of trans-bis(halogenoacetato)tetrammine and trans-bis(halogenoacetato)bis(ethylenediamine) cobalt (III) complexes were examined. Evidence is presented to show that splitting of the 2nd band occurs for [Co(NH3)4(CCl3CO2)2]+, [Co(NH3)4(CF3CO3)2]+, [Co(en)2(CCl3CO2)2]+, [Co(en)2(CF3CO2)2]+ and [Co(en)2(CHCl2)2]+. A correlation is also shown between the magnitude of splitting of the bands and the dissociation constant of the acid form of the halogenoacetato ligands.
Femoral hernia: The dire consequences of a missed diagnosis

Femoral hernia has always presented more difficulty in diagnosis than other external abdominal hernias. The incidence of incarceration and strangulation is higher in our series than the published literature would suggest. A retrospective study was performed at our institution from February 1990 to June 1995. In that period, 22 patients were operated on for femoral hernia. There were 16 women and 6 men, average ages 51 and 48 years, respectively. The men weighed on average 209 lb, and the women, 154 lb. Three of our patients had elective repair of their hernias (16%); 19 were performed urgently or emergently (86%). Of the emergency repairs, 3 had strangulated small bowel requiring resection (16%), 1 had a strangulated vermiform appendix with abscess formation (5%), 3 had strangulated omentum requiring excision (16%), giving a total of 7 patients with strangulation and necrosis of the hernial contents (36%). The remainder had viable contents in the hernia sac. The time from the onset of symptoms to presentation at the hospital varied from 1 day to 3 years. The time from strangulation to presentation was between a few hours and 4 days. Surgery was performed on the day of admission (within 24 hours) on all but 2 of our patients. Procedures performed were McVay repair, 13; Bassini, 4; laparoscopic with Marlex mesh, 1 patient; drainage of a groin abscess in 2 patients with later repair; and on 2 patients the type of repair was not specified. One of the patients died. Postoperative wound infection occurred in 2 heavily contaminated patients, and 3 had pneumonia. Patients with no regular physician and no routine physical examinations are at higher risk for developing strangulation of femoral hernias. Emergency physicians and general practitioners are in the best position to diagnose these hernias early, when treatment can be elective.
Computer-based Cognitive Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results from a Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial

We performed a pilot randomized, controlled trial of intensive, computer-based cognitive training in 47 subjects with mild cognitive impairment. The intervention group performed exercises specifically designed to improve auditory processing speed and accuracy for 100 min/d, 5 d/wk for 6 weeks; the control group performed more passive computer activities (reading, listening, visuospatial game) for similar amounts of time. Subjects had a mean age of 74 years and 60% were men; 77% successfully completed training. On our primary outcome, Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status total scores improved 0.36 standard deviations (SD) in the intervention group (P=0.097) compared with 0.03 SD in the control group (P=0.88) for a nonsignificant difference between the groups of 0.33 SD (P=0.26). On 12 secondary outcome measures, most differences between the groups were not statistically significant. However, we observed a pattern in which effect sizes for verbal learning and memory measures tended to favor the intervention group whereas effect sizes for language and visuospatial function measures tended to favor the control group, which raises the possibility that these training programs may have domain-specific effects. We conclude that intensive, computer-based mental activity is feasible in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and that larger trials are warranted.
Inter‐ and intralaboratory variability in Daphnia magna effluent toxicity test results

A nine-laboratory round-robin study of the Daphnia magna static, acute, effluent toxicity test was conducted to examine inter- and intralaboratory variability in test results. A single effluent sample was split and sent to three government, three commercial and three industrial aquatic laboratories. Each laboratory followed a specifically designed test protocol and reported the number of daphnids immobilized in each of seven effluent test concentrations at 24 h and 48 h of exposure. The mean 48-h EC50 value for all data was 5.3% effluent. The range was 3.5 to 9.1% effluent, so there is a factor of 2.6 between the highest and lowest EC50 values. The pooled within-laboratory standard deviation and coefficient of variation were 0.91 and 16%, respectively. Combined inter-and intralaboratory estimates of standard deviation and coefficient of variation were 1.8 and 33%, respectively. The results of this study show that Daphnia magna effluent toxicity data can be reproduced both within and between laboratories when clearly defined test protocols are employed.
Valine activation of feeding in the sea anemone Boloceroides

Abstract 1. 1. The feeding response of the swimming sea anemone, Baloceroides sp., was found to be activated by the amino acid valine. 2. 2. Isoleucine served as a competitive inhibitor while leucine did not. 3. 3. The feeding response to valine dissolved in sea water could not be observed unless the animal were presented at the same time with an inert object.
On the foundations of the nonlinear theory of the cylindrical deformation of thin elastic plates

Abstract Equations for the cylindrical deformation of thin plates are derived from the equations of three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity by the method of asymptotic integration. It is assumed that deflection components are of the order of the lateral dimensions of the plate and that strain components are small. Nonlinear constitutive equations are used in the model. It is found that the middle surface is inextensible in the lowest order approximation. Middle surface extensibility comes in at the next order of approximation. The range of validity of the theory is examined by considering the solution of some simple problems.
Inhibition of leptin release by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in human adipocytes.

Abstract The addition of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to isolated human adipocytes in primary culture from very obese individuals resulted in an inhibition of leptin release after a 24- or 48-hr incubation. There was also an inhibition of leptin release by isoproterenol (ISO) that was partially reversed by insulin, whereas the inhibition due to ANP was unaffected. Similar results were seen with N -[2-( p -bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (H-89), which is a cell-permeable inhibitor of protein kinase A. H-89 markedly reduced the effects of ISO on both lipolysis and leptin release without affecting the stimulation of lipolysis or the inhibition of leptin release due to ANP. Inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide formation using N ω -nitro- l -arginine resulted in a 20% increase in leptin release over 48 hr, which suggests that the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway might play a small role in the regulation of endogenous leptin release. Similarly, the addition of the nitric oxide donor ( Z )-1-[2-aminoethyl)- N -(2-aminoethyl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA NONOate) at 0.1 or 1 μM to explants of human adipose tissue enhanced lipolysis by 29%. Our data demonstrate that the lipolytic effect of ANP is probably secondary to stimulation of cyclic GMP accumulation in human adipocytes, and this is accompanied by an inhibition of leptin release.
40μm Ag/Au composite flip-chip interconnect using solid state atomic bonding at 200°C

We performed 40μm silver (Ag)/gold (Au) composite flip-chip interconnects joints between silicon (Si) chips and copper (Cu) substrate using solid-state bonding process at 200°C. 50×50 Ag/Au columns with 40μm in diameter and 100μm pitch were fabricated on a chip region by photolithographic and electroplating processes. Then, the Ag/Au columns were bonding to Cu substrate with fresh surface using solid-state at 200°C for five minutes with a static pressure of 1.7∼2.7 MPa (250∼400psi). The corresponding load for each column is 0.22∼0.35 gm. The five minutes is constrained by the equipment. In theory, bonding should occur in seconds. Cross section SEM images show that Ag/Au column is well bonded to Cu substrate with no void or breakage within it. Ag/Au composite joints well manage the shear strain induced by coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch. There is no molten phase during the bonding process. Neither flux nor underfill was used. Compared to solder flip-chip joints, this new process has the reduction of electrical resistance of the joints of the same size by a factor of 6. Pull test was conducted. The fracture force and fracture strength are 6.5∼7.3kg and 2,940∼3,310psi (20.2∼22.8MPa), respectively. The fracture force is 2.5× of the criterion in MIL-STD-883E. The SEM/EDX analysis of the fracture interface showed that fracture of bonding interface is least likely to incur in pull test.
The influence of initial deformation on drop breakup in subcritical time-dependent flows at low Reynolds numbers

Transient effects associated with the deformation and breakup of a drop following a step change from critical to suberitical flow conditions are studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiments, we consider step changes in both the shear rate and flow type for two-dimensional linear flows generated in a four-roll mill. Numerically we consider step changes in shear rate only for a uniaxial extensional flow. Depending upon the degree of deformation prior to the change in flow conditions, the drop may either return to a steady deformed shape, or continue to stretch at a reduced rate, or, for intermediate cases, the drop may break without large-scale stretching. This behaviour is a consequence of the complicated interaction between changes of shape due to interfacial tension and changes of shape due to the motion of the suspending fluid. This mode of breakup is most pronounced for high viscosity ratios, because very large extensions are necessary to guarantee breakup if the flow is stopped abruptly. For drops that are not too deformed, the sudden addition of vorticity to the external flow is characterized by rapid rotation of the drop to a new steady orientation followed by deformation and/or breakup according to the effective flow conditions at the new orientation. Finally, for viscous drops in flows with vorticity, it is demonstrated experimentally that breakup can be achieved if the initial shape is sufficiently non-spherical even though the same drop could not be made to break in the same flow at any capillary number when beginning with a near-spherical shape.
Early Alterations in Cytokine Expression in Adult Compared to Developing Lung in Mice after Radiation Exposure

To assess early changes in the lung after low-dose radiation exposure that may serve as targets for mitigation of lung injury in the aftermath of a terrorist event, we analyzed cytokine expression after irradiation. Adult mice were studied after whole-lung or total-body irradiation. Mouse pups of different ages were also investigated after total-body irradiation. mRNA abundance was analyzed in tissue and plasma, and pathological changes were assessed. In lung tissue, dose-related changes were seen in IL1B, IL1R2 and CXCR2 mRNA expression at 1 and 6 h after irradiation, concurrent with increases in plasma protein levels of KC/CXCL1 and IL6. However, in the pups, changes in IL1 abundance were not detected until 28 days of age, coincident with the end of postnatal lung growth, although apoptosis was detected at all ages. In conclusion, although cytokines were expressed after low doses of radiation, their role in the progression of tissue response is yet to be determined. They may be candidates for use in marker-based biodosimetry. However, the lack of cytokine induction in early life suggests that different end points (and mitigating treatments) may be required for children.
Performance of autocorrelation receivers for ultra-wideband communications with PPM in multipath channels

A single-user ultra-wideband (UWB) communication system employing an autocorrelation receiver in conjunction with binary block-coded pulse-position modulation (PPM) and transmitted reference (TR) signaling in indoor multipath channels is considered. A general framework for analyzing the system performance is provided and numerical results are obtained by employing measured indoor channel data.
Principal-component-analysis-based estimation of blood flow velocities using optical coherence tomography intensity signals

The intensity signal in optical coherence tomography contains information about the translational velocity of scatterers, and can be used to quantify blood flow. We apply principal component analysis to efficiently extract this information. We also study use of nonuniform temporal sampling of the intensity signal to increase the range of quantifiable flow velocities. We demonstrate this technique in simulation, phantom and in vivo blood flow measurements, and highlight its potential to enable three-dimensional wide-field mapping of blood flow using OCT.
Consumer privacy expectations in a virtual environment: a framework for corporate risk assessment

The technological capabilities in a virtual environment enable a wealth of information concerning consumer characteristics and preferences to be gathered, combined and disseminated, with relative ease, during electronic commerce (e-commerce) transactions. Consumers continue to be concerned about the corporate use of personal information collected during the course of such transactions, despite government oversight. This paper examines the types of consumer information collected and the concerns associated with such practices. Consumer concerns give rise to the necessity for corporations to self-regulate by assessing the risks associated with information privacy practices. In response, we present a conceptual framework for the corporate risk assessment of consumer privacy expectations. This framework can be used by corporations to assess and explain their self-regulation of consumer internet privacy.
Daughters of Mars: Army Officers' Wives and Military Culture on the American Frontier

(2005). Daughters of Mars: Army Officers’ Wives and Military Culture on the American Frontier. The Historian: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 20-42.
CLUTCH CHARACTERISTICS AND EGG DISCRIMINATIVE ABILITY OF THE AFRICAN VILLAGE WEAVERBIRD PLOCEUS CUCULLATUS

Summary Over a three-year period, 917 eggs from 27 females were collected from a captive colony of African Village Weaverbirds Ploceus c. cucullatus. A study was made of egg-laying and incubation behaviour, clutch characteristics and egg recognition. Fifteen yearling females laid their first clutches at a mean age of 348 days after hatching. The mean clutch-size was 2.26 in adults and 1.68 in yearlings. The mean clutch replacement interval was 6.6 days in adults and 7.4 days in yearlings with an absolute minimum of 4 days. Eggs were laid at intervals of from 24 to 26 hours beginning usually 2–3 hours after dawn. The eggs laid by this species vary in ground colour and pattern of spotting between different females, but egg pigmentation is constant for each individual bird. The results of 322 egg-replacement tests showed that an individual female could recognise her own egg type and would eject from the nest eggs differing markedly from her own. The incidence of rejection was proportional the degree of difference between the eggs. The possible implications for parasitism by the Didric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx cuprius are discussed.
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and in-source fragmentation of lutein esters.

Negative-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry and in-source collisionally induced dissociation (CID) were employed to obtain structural information of lutein esters from marigold extract. Both molecular ions and structurally significant fragments corresponding to the loss of fatty acids were observed in high abundance in the current study. Six lutein diesters including lauroylmyristoyl-lutein (LML), dimyristoyl-lutein (dML), myristoylpalmitoyl-lutein (MPL), dipalmitoyl-lutein (dPL), palmitoylstearoyl-lutein (PSL) and distearoyl-lutein (dSL) were characterized in a marigold flower extract. Breakdown curves (plots of relative ion abundance vs. internal energy) of three lutein diesters were established by monitoring the relative ion abundance of molecular and fragment ions at different cone voltages during negative-ion APCI-LC/MS analysis.
Expression of an iron-regulated hemolysin by Edwardsiella tarda

The ability of Edwardsiella tarda to hemolyse red blood cells was investigated. Most E. tarda strains (> 80%) produced a hemolysin when assayed by either an agar overlay or contact-dependent hemolysis technique. This activity was cell-associated (CAH) and not released into the culture supernatant under routine conditions. When quantified, E. tarda strains significantly produced 30–40-fold higher levels of hemolytic activity against guinea pig, sheep, or rabbit erythrocytes than either E. hoshinae or E. ictaluri. When grown under iron restricted-conditions in the presence of ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), hemoglubin, hematin and hemin were found to stimulate growth in both liquid and agar bioassays. Hemolysin activity could be released from selected E. tarda strains when grown in L broth supplemented with EDDA; hemolytic activity was 3- to > 40-fold under these conditions when compared to L broth alone. Preliminary characterization of the hemolysin of strain ET-13 indicates that it is a heat-labile protein with active sulphydryl and thiol groups. These results indicate that, in addition to its invasive capabilities, E. tarda produces a hemolysin which is at least partially regulated by the relative availability of iron and may play a role in human disease.
Cognitive maps in swarm robots for the mine detection application

Navigation based on cognition is seen in many instances in the animal community. Maps are very useful for navigation in unknown and complex environments. User defined and preinstalled maps can be very useful in navigation in complex environments, while adaptively built maps become very essential in unknown environments. Intelligence is bestowed in the effective utilization of data to produce decisions. In the case of navigation, intelligence is seen when information collected en-route from a source to a destination is used judiciously in reaching the destination. In this paper we deal with the foraging of a piece of terrain as a process of navigation. The application here is on mine detection. Mines are placed over a field at unknown locations and swarm intelligence based agents are deployed for demining them. The efficiency of the demining process is measured in terms of the quickness with which they can clear the mines and the assurance that the minefield is clear of all of the mines at the end of the process. Simulation results acknowledging the performance under different working conditions of the swarm robots are presented. In an endeavor to substantiate our claims in simulation we decided to build swarm robots performing the task on an artificially developed environment.
The Vibration Signal and Juvenile Hormone Titers in Worker Honeybees, Apis mellifera

We examined the association between the vibration signal and juvenile hormone (JH) titers of honeybees by comparing vibrated recipients and nonvibrated control workers that had been matched for age, colony of origin, and time of collection. Recipients collected at the moment they received vibration signals (0-min bees) did not have higher JH titers compared with controls, which suggests that a worker’s initial JH level did not influence its likelihood of receiving signals. In contrast, JH titers in workers collected 15–30 min after receiving vibration signals were slightly, but significantly higher than those of controls monitored for the same amount of time. These trends were consistent among colonies, despite the fact that we collected different age ranges of workers and observed pronounced variation in JH titers within and between the 0- and 15–30min groups of bees. Thus, over a broad age range of workers the vibration signal may contribute to elevated JH levels, and this effect does not occur because recipients have higher titers at the moment they receive signals. Because JH affects response thresholds in honeybees, increased titers elicited by the vibration signal may allow the signal to influence the performance of a variety of tasks in different worker age groups.
Micronutrient toxicity in buffalograss

Abstract The growth responses of buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] to elevated micronutrient levels in the fertilizer solution were investigated. Seedling plants established in peat‐lite mix in 11‐cm (0.6 L) pots in the greenhouse were irrigated with solutions containing 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 mM of boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), or zinc (Zn). The control solution contained (in μM): 20 B, 0.5 Cu, 40 Fe, 10 Mn, 0.5 Mo, and 4 Zn. A standard macronutrient concentration was used for all treatment solutions. Boron and Mo induced visual toxicity symptoms more readily than other micronutrients. Boron toxicity was characterized by chlorosis often accompanied by bleached leaf tips, while Mo toxicity resulted in leaf necrosis. The lowest levels that induced visual foliar toxicity were 0.5 mM B, 2 mM Cu, 4 mM Fe, 6 mM Mn, 1 mM Mo, and 4 mM Zn. Chloride did not induce foliar abnormalities in the concentration range tested. Biomass yield was reduc...
Arginine-rich regions succeeding the nuclear localization region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein ICP27 are required for efficient nuclear localization and late gene expression.

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein ICP27 is an essential regulatory protein that localizes to the nuclei of infected cells. The strong nuclear localization signal (NLS) of ICP27 was identified recently and shown to reside in the amino-terminal portion of the polypeptide from residues 110 to 137 (W.E. Mears, V. Lam, and S.A. Rice, J. Virol. 69:935-947, 1995). There are also two arginine-rich regions directly succeeding the NLS. The first of these arginine-rich sequences (residues 141 to 151), together with the NLS, has been shown by Mears et al. to form the nucleolar localization signal. Arginine-rich motifs are common in domains involved in nuclear localization and RNA binding. To analyze the role of the arginine-rich regions in ICP27, we constructed stably transformed cell lines containing ICP27 mutants with deletions of all or parts of the NLS and arginine-rich regions. We also constructed mutants in which these regions were replaced with heterologous NLSs or RNA-binding domains. Characterization of these mutants indicated that the arginine-rich regions were required but not sufficient for wild-type localization of ICP27. More importantly, the NLS and arginine-rich regions were also essential to the function of ICP27. Mutants lacking these sequences were defective in late gene expression during infection even when ICP27 was properly localized to the nucleus by substitution of the NLS from simian virus 40 large T antigen. Further, the defect in late gene expression could not be overcome by replacement with the highly basic RNA-binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat. The deficiency in late gene expression was independent of ICP27's role in stimulating viral DNA replication. In addition, localization of the HSV-1 proteins ICP4, ICP0, and ICP8 was unaffected by ICP27 mutants in this region. These results suggest that the arginine-rich regions are required for efficient nuclear localization and for the regulatory activity of ICP27 involved in viral late gene expression.
REVISIONS IN WAVE FORECASTING: DEEP AND SHALLOW WATER

During the past six years since the latest revisions in wave forecasting (Bretschneider 1951) were made, much information has become available such that another revision is in order. An abundance of published (and unpublished) accounts of wave generation and decay in both deep and shallow water from various sources, as well as new ideas in the art of wave forecasting, are used in this revision. Deep water wave forecasting relationships, relationships for the generation of wind waves in shallow water of constant depth, and techniques for forecasting wind waves over the Continental Shelf are included in this paper. Forecasting hurricane waves is also discussed, from the engineering design point of view. The concept of significant wave is still retained as the most practical method in wave forecasting to date. The significant period has definite significance in that the wave energy is propagated forward at a speed approximately equal to the corresponding group velocity. The graphical approach (Wilson 1955) for moving fetches and variable wind vectors is discussed, and is the best approach for forecasting waves. Without Wilson’s graphical technique it is difficult for any two forecasters supplied with the same meteorological data to obtain the same degree of verification, or determine whether the forecaster or the forecasting relationships are in error. It is quite possible that by use of this technique further revisions in wave forecasting are possible. The problem of wave variability is discussed, and the distribution functions are given. A short summary of the wave spectra (Bretschneider 1958) used in connection with the revisions is also given. When the present forecasting relationships are applied to sections of the world, other than that from which the basic data were procured, it is recommended that atmospheric stability factors be taken into account. This essentially involves a slight modification or calibration of the forecasting relationships and techniques, prior to general use in the area of interest.
Three Results on Representations of Mackey Lie Algebras

I. Penkov and V. Serganova have recently introduced, for any nondegenerate pairing \(W \otimes V \rightarrow \mathbb{C}\) of vector spaces, the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M} = \mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M}(V,W)\) consisting of endomorphisms of V whose duals preserve \(W \subseteq V ^{{\ast}}\). In their work, the category \(\mathbb{T}_{\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M}}\) of \(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M}\)-modules, which are finite length subquotients of the tensor algebra \(T(W \otimes V )\), is singled out and studied. Denoting by \(\mathbb{T}_{V \otimes W}\) the category with the same objects as \(\mathbb{T}_{\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M}}\) but regarded as V ⊗ W-modules, we first show that when W and V are paired by dual bases, the functor \(\mathbb{T}_{\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M}} \rightarrow \mathbb{T}_{V \otimes W}\) taking a module to its largest weight submodule with respect to a sufficiently nice Cartan subalgebra of V ⊗ W is a tensor equivalence. Secondly, we prove that when W and V are countable-dimensional, the objects of \(\mathbb{T}_{\mathrm{End}(V )}\) have finite-length as \(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M}\)-modules. Finally, under the same hypotheses, we compute the socle filtration of a simple object in \(\mathbb{T}_{\mathrm{End}(V )}\) as a \(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}^{M}\)-module.
C-4/CBGA comparison with other MLC single chip package alternatives

Future applications, will require higher I/O counts, more densification, lower cost, and greater performance. This paper demonstrates why area-array based chip-to-substrate and substrate-to-card interconnections are strategic, particularly solder bump flip chips (SBFC or C-4) and ceramic ball or column grid arrays (CBGA/CCGA), respectively. That is, SBFC are capable of high pin counts coupled with high yields, performance, and reliability. Moreover, recently introduced CBGA/CCGA interconnections provide substantial benefits over standard pin grid array (PGA) packages. Also, CBGA/CCGA packages possess the highest density achievable at the card level when utilized in conjunction with SBFC-mounted die. >
Feasibility of non-contact ultrasound generation using implanted metallic surfaces as electromagnetic acoustic transducers

In this paper we investigate the feasibility of using an in-vivo metallic implant like a stent for generation of acoustic waves which can then be used for imaging areas inside or near the surface of the implant. The proposed method relies on time-varying eddy-current loops that are excited on the metallic surface of the stent using an external RF coil. In the presence of a constant magnetic field, the eddy-current loops and hence the metal surface experiences a Lorentzian force which then excite acoustic waves in the proximity of the implant's surface. In this paper we have designed a phantom set up to characterize the acoustic wave generation process and we demonstrate that the acoustic waves can be measured, imaged and harvested remotely using a piezoelectric probe.
Patterns of Small Mammal Density and Survival Following Ski-Run Development

Abstract We investigated short-term effects of ski-run development on the dynamics of small mammal populations at Vail Ski Area, Colorado. We compared a new ski run, an experimental ski run with added woody debris, a forest adjacent to a new ski run, and a control forest outside ski development by estimating density and survival of common small mammals using Pollock's robust design. In 4 summers (1998–2001), 16,800 trap nights resulted in 1,276 captures of 668 individuals. Before ski-run development, Clethrionomys gapperi was most abundant in forested areas, but after, density was greatest in the forested site adjacent to a new ski run and next highest on the experimental ski run. C. gapperi survival was similar across sites and years. Peromyscus maniculatus and Tamias minimus densities were greatest on the ski run without woody debris and lowest on the forested control site. Estimated survival of T. minimus varied more by year than by site. Greatest densities of Phenacomys intermedius occurred on the 2 s...
Fluorescence of erythrocytes in relation to erythrocyte protoporphyrin and to urinary lead excretion.

In 1959 Whitaker and Vietti described a simple test for fluorescence of erythrocytes that appeared to be useful as a screening test for lead poisoning. When exposed to near ultraviolet light, the majority of erythrocytes from children with lead poisoning showed bright fluorescence and, in patients with a variety of other diseases, fewer than half of the erythrocytes showed dim fluorescence. The term "fluorescytes" used by these authors was apparently coined in 1934 by Keller and Seggel, who used the German equivalent Fluorescylen to describe the same phenomenon. Whitaker and Vietti postulated that the marked fluorescytosis in lead poisoning was due to the great elevations of erythrocyte protoporphyrin known to occur in that disease, but actual erythrocyte protoporphyrin determinations were not performed. By a method similar to that of Whitaker and Vietti, we tested 927 fluorescyte preparations from patients with proved or suspected lead poisoning or with other types of anemia. Quantitative erythrocyte-free protoporphyrin determinations from 35 patients were compared with the percentage of fluorescytes in peripheral blood, and the relation between urinary lead excretion and fluorescytosis was investigated in 89 patients.
On the form and strength of trees: Part II the primary branches

The main purpose of this note is to relate the shape of the branch to its strength and to explain by theory why a tree has a large number of branches.
Ability of the Hessian Fly to Stunt Winter Wheat. 2. Paper Chromatography of Extracts of Freeze-Dried Larvae and Wheat Plants

Paper chromatography of freeze-dried larvae of Mayetiola destructor (Say) in a solvent system of 1-butanol:methanol:water, 80:5:15, isolated a peak of plant-growth-promoting substance at Rt 0.15-0.25. This growth promoter was detected also on chromatograms of stomachs and carcasses of fresh larvae but was absent from chromatograms of larvae collected from ‘Knox 62’ wheat, Triticum aestivum L., a cultivar resistant to the Hessian fly, or from chromatograms of larvae that had never fed. Paper chromatograms of ethanol extracts of both infested and uninfested wheat plants revealed that feeding by the larvae did not reduce the amount of the growth promoter, but benzene extracts of infested plants produced chromatograms with more peaks of growth-inhibiting substances than did benzene extracts of uninfested plants. The inhibitors in the benzene extracts of infested plants may be the reaction of the wheat plant to secretions introduced into the plant by the feeding larvae. Therefore, the most likely cause of stunting of winter wheat by the Hessian fly is the result of something discharged into the plant by the Hessian fly larva as it feeds.
Blade Sweep Effects of Turbomachinery

To meet the needs of efficient turbine blade designs, CFD predictions of a complex 3D flow field in turbine blade passages have been incorporated in the design process during the last decade. Owing to the numerous advantages possessed by a 3-D CFD technology many industries already use a 3D blading technique in the design process of turbomachines. In addition, blade lean and sweep have been implemented to increase the blade row efficiency. Experimental studies have shown some advantages of these features. However, most of the experimental results were combined with other features together as well; thus making it difficult to determine the effects of individual superior features. The development of CFD techniques has made it possible to do three-dimensional turbulent flow analyses in a very short time. In this study, numerical studies are presented to demonstrate the sweep effects on a transonic compressor airfoil. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sweep effects without changing other compressor blade features; i.e. keeping the blade outflow angles and section shapes to be the same at design sections for all cases. Through this study the sweep effect in a transonic compressor rotor blade was tested. The results showed that the sweeps redistribute the flow reducing the secondary flow loss, depending on the baseline. It was shown that the forward sweep reduces the tip loading in terms of the static pressure coefficient.
Fierce Love and fierce response: intervening in the cultural politics of race, sexuality, and AIDS

In their performances of "Fierce Love," the Pomo Afro Homos (Postmodern African American Homosexuals) enact some of the experiences of black gay men. Through performance, the trio intervenes in the...
Sexual competition of gamma-sterilized male cowpea weevils.

Use of gamma radiation for control of stored-product insects has received increased emphasis during the last 5 years. Cornwell et al. (1966) suggested that by sterilizing a resident population, some measure of protection against reinfestation by the same species of insect could be obtained. One of the criteria for success of this technique is that gamma-sterilized males compete favorably with normal males.
Investigations of Inhibition and Interference in Younger and Older Adults

Previous work (Hasher, Stoltzfus, Zacks, & Rypma, 1991) suggested the existence of adult age-related differences in the ability to suppress or inhibit irrelevant information. This investigation explored age differences in the time course of suppression. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that younger adults demonstrate the same level of suppression at 300 as they do at 1,700 ms after a selection response. Older adults consistently show no suppression. Experiments 2 and 3 also examined the relationship between suppression and the degree to which distractors interfere with concurrent selection. The absence of a reliable relationship--both within and across age groups--together with other findings in the literature, raise questions about the function of suppression as a mechanism of concurrent selection. Another function, one that aids in the establishment of a coherent thought stream, is proposed.