cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conflict Management in Multi-model Adaptive Hypermedia

New adaptive hypermedia systems are employing multiple independent models in order to better guide their adaptation mechanisms by considering relevant factors in addition to user characteristics. This approach promises an enhanced system responsiveness and functionality. However, it also entails the possibility of conflicts as different models can suggest adapting the document in contradicting ways. Finding mechanisms capable of automatically managing these conflicts is a key issue in the development of this new generation of adaptive hypermedia systems. This work provides an approach that delivers a context-sensitive solution to this issue within the field of adaptive spatial hypermedia. The paper reports how this approach was instantiated and included in the WARP system. Details about its architecture, adaptation process and key features are discussed in order to inform and enable the design of the next generation of multi-model adaptive systems.
4.20 – Historical Seismicity – Archeoseismology

Archeoseismology is the study of earthquakes in the archeological record. Because earthquake occurrence on faults is treated as a stochastic process, and since instrumental observations of earthquakes have been recorded for only a little more than a century, the scientific earthquake record is insufficient to understand the seismic risk worldwide. One way to widen the observation window is to extend the earthquake record into the past, by extracting information about ancient earthquakes from the archeological record. Such an endeavor requires cooperation among archeologists, geologists, and geophysicists, and requires a specific focus on finding evidence of earthquake damage in current and future excavations. Evidence of earthquakes includes patterned collapse of columns or walls, displacement of walls or horizontal surfaces across fault planes, skeletons of earthquake victims trapped beneath rubble, tsunami, or seiche deposits, and more general evidence like preferred axes of destruction within a site, or regional damage patterns consistent with known active faults. The greatest obstacle to advancement in this field is the difficulty of communication among the disciplines involved.
Pd-Senphos Catalyzed trans-Selective Cyanoboration of 1,3-Enynes

The first trans-selective cyanoboration reaction of an alkyne, specifically a 1,3-enyne, is described. The reported palladium-catalyzed cyanoboration of 1,3-enynes is site-, regio-, and diastereoselective, and is uniquely enabled by the 1,4-azaborine-based Senphos ligand structure. Tetra-substituted alkenyl nitriles are obtained providing useful boron-dienenitrile building blocks that can be further functionalized. The utility of our method has been demonstrated with the synthesis of Satigrel, an anti-platelet aggregating agent.
Serious safety events in rituximab-treated multiple sclerosis and related disorders.

Introduction Studies investigating rates and risk factors for serious safety events (SSEs) during rituximab treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and related disorders are limited. Methods Rituximab-treated patients with MS, NMOSD, or related disorders at the Rocky Mountain and New York University MS Care Centers were included. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial dose of rituximab up to 12 months of last dose of rituximab or ocrelizumab (in patients who switched). Clinician-reported and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records. Results One-thousand patients were included comprising 907 MS, 77 NMOSD, and 16 related disorders. Patients had a mean follow-up of 31.1 months and a mean cumulative rituximab dose of 4012 mg. Of the 169 patients who switched to ocrelizumab, the mean ocrelizumab dose was 1141 mg. Crude incidence rate per 1000 person-years (PY) for lymphopenia was 19.2, neutropenia 5.6, and hypogammaglobulinemia 17.8. Infections resulting in either hospitalization, IV antibiotics, or using antibiotics ≥14 days occurred at a rate of 38.6/1000 PY. Risk factors for infection were duration of therapy, male gender, increased disability, prior exposure to immunosuppression/chemotherapy, lymphopenia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Particularly, wheelchair-bound patients had 8.56-fold increased odds of infections. Crude incidence rates of malignant cancer were 3.5, new autoimmune disease 2.3, thromboembolic event 3.1, and mortality of 5.4 per 1000 PY. Interpretation Rates of SSEs in patients with MS, NMOSD, and related disorders were low. Through properly assessing risk:benefit of B-cell depleting therapy in neuroinflammatory disorders and continual monitoring, clinicians may decrease the risk of serious infections.
Commercial Interests in Outer Space

This chapter discusses the new and exciting era of commercial space efforts. The status of the American space program and where it is headed in the future is explained in terms of how NASA interacts with industry to accomplish common goals. Commercial endeavors are discussed with a spotlight on some of the most influential private companies with outer space agendas, including a few of the visionaries who founded them.
Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for Gaucher disease in pediatric populations.

Introduction The past decades have witnessed a remarkable improvement in the health of patients with Gaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, resulting from the availability of enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapies. Especially in pediatric populations, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential to achieving optimal outcomes. Areas covered The authors review the literature pertaining to the effectiveness of currently available therapies and describe new pharmacotherapies under development, especially for young patients. Expert opinion For pediatric patients with non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease, there may be new therapeutic options on the horizon in the form of gene therapy or small molecule glucocerebrosidase chaperones. These have the potential to result in a cure for systemic disease manifestations and/or to reduce the cost and convenience of treatment. For children with neuronopathic Gaucher disease, the challenge of targeting therapy to the central nervous system is being explored through new modalities including brain-targeted gene therapy, in-utero therapy, brain-penetrant small molecule chaperones, and other methods that convey enzyme across the blood-brain barrier. Indeed, these are exciting times for both pediatric patients with Gaucher disease and those with other lysosomal storage disorders.
The intersections of culturally sustaining pedagogies and systemic functional linguistics: affordances for the education of multilingual learners

The articles in this issue of Language and Education highlight three important areas of research that have evolved in the education of multilingual learners: (1) culturally sustaining pedagogies (C...
Dynamic reach deficits in those with chronic ankle instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective . The purpose of this review with meta-analyses was to determine the dynamic reach differences 1) between chronic ankle instability (CAI) and uninjured individuals, 2) between the limbs of an individual with CAI, and 3) between the uninvolved CAI limb and the healthy control limb across all possible reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Methods . PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus databases were searched up to October 2021. Data were extracted from the retained studies and underwent methodological quality assessment and meta-analysis using random-effect models. Results . After screening, 33 articles were included for the analyses. In all possible SEBT reach directions, the CAI group demonstrated significantly decreased normalized dynamic reach distances relative to the uninjured control group (SMDs: −0.66 to −0.48, p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, the involved CAI limb demonstrated significantly decreased normalized dynamic reach distances relative to the uninvolved CAI limb (SMDs: −0.61 to −0.33, p ≤ 0.05). However, no differences were noted between the uninvolved CAI limb and the healthy control limb (SMDs: −0.22 to 0.09, p ≥ 0.13). Conclusions . Our findings were that the involved limb of those with CAI has dynamic postural deficits relative to (i) an uninjured control group and (ii) relative to their uninvolved limb. However, the uninvolved limb of the CAI group does not differ from an uninjured control group in any reach direction.
Racial Disparities in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in the United States.

Living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) is the best treatment for endstage kidney disease, but there are racial disparities in LDKT rates. To study putative mechanisms of these disparities, we identified 58,752 adult kidney transplant candidates first activated on the United States kidney transplant waitlist 2015-2016 and defined 4 exposure groups by race/primary payer: African American/Medicaid, African American/NonMedicaid, Non-African American/Medicaid, Non-African American/NonMedicaid. We performed competing risk regression to compare risk of LDKT between groups. Among included candidates, 30% had African American race and 9% had Medicaid primary payer. By the end of follow up, 16% underwent LDKT. The cumulative incidence of LDKT was lowest for African American candidates regardless of payer. Compared to African American/Non-Medicaid candidates, the adjusted likelihood of LDKT was higher for Non-African American/Medicaid (HR 1.60, 95%CI 1.43- 1.78) and Non-African American/Non-Medicaid payers (HR 2.66, 95%CI 2.50-2.83). Results were similar when analyzing only candidates still waitlisted >2 years after initial activation or candidates with type O blood. Among 9639 candidates who received LDKT, only 13% were African American. Donor-recipient relationships were similar for African American and Non-African American recipients. These findings indicate African American candidates have a lower incidence of LDKT than candidates of other races, regardless of primary payer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The molecular cloning of the gene encoding the Escherichia coli 75-kDa helicase and the determination of its nucleotide sequence and gentic map position.

Abstract A previously unreported DNA unwinding enzyme, referred to as the 75-kDa helicase, was recently purified from Escherichia coli cell extracts and biochemically characterized (Wood, E. R., and Matson, S. W. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15269-15276). In order to initiate the genetic analysis of the 75-kDa helicase, the gene encoding this enzyme was cloned. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the gene since the predicted amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide precisely matched the sequence of the first 27 NH2-terminal amino acid residues of the 75-kDa helicase as determined by peptide sequencing. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 75-kDa helicase is similar in several regions to the amino acid sequences of two other E. coli helicases, Rep protein and helicase II. The gene encoding the 75-kDa helicase was mapped to 22 min on the E. coli chromosome. We propose that this newly defined locus be referred to as helD, and, to avoid confusion with other E. coli helicases with a similar molecular size, we propose that the 75-kDa helicase be referred to as helicase IV.
Exploring Abstract Algebra in Constructive Type Theory

I describe my implementation of computational abstract algebra in the Nuprl system. I focus on my development of multivariate polynomials. I show how I use Nuprl's expressive type theory to define classes of free abelian monoids and free monoid algebras. These classes are combined to create a class of all implementations of polynomials. I discuss the issues of subtyping and computational content that came up in designing the class definitions. I give examples of relevant theory developments, tactics and proofs. I consider how Nuprl could act as an algebraic ‘oracle’ for a computer algebra system and the relevance of this work for abstract functional programming.
Miscellaneous Food Products

This chapter contains brief descriptions of a wide variety of food products along with the microbial biota of fresh and spoiled.
Feedback stabilization of a thermoacoustic device with experiments

This paper deploys a recent mathematical tool to predict and prevent thermoacoustic instability (TAI) in a simple combustor. Widely-accepted characteristic of TAI is its time-delayed dynamics which originates from the acoustic coupling terms. Independently from the combustion instability studies, systems specialists have been developing mathematical approaches on similar time-delay problems. This document offers a bridge between the two veins of research. It utilizes the recent mathematical tool called the Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots (CTCR) to predict the onset of instability (TAI) for this simple benchmark combustor, Rijke Tube. Beyond prediction, for the operating conditions which already induce an undesirable TAI, this paper proposes a feedback controller design strategy which can recover stability. The suggested control logic is implemented on a test bed and the theoretical results are verified experimentally.
Statistical Analysis of a Model for Earthquake Faults with Long-Range Stress Transfer

We present both theoretical and numerical analysis of a cellular automaton version of a slider-block model for earthquake faults that includes long-range stress transfer. Theoretically we develop a coarse-grained description in the mean-field (infinite range) limit and discuss the relevance of the meta-stable state, limit of stability (spinodal) and nucleation to the phenomenology of the model. We also simulate the model and confirm the relevance of the theory for systems with long, but finite range, interactions. Results of particular interest include the existence of Gutenberg-Richter like scaling consistent with that found on real earthquake fault systems, the association of large events with nucleation near the spinodal, the existence of more than one scaling regime, and the result that such systems can be described, in the mean-field limit, with techniques appropriate to systems in equilibrium.
Isolation of a sialogogic peptide from bovine hypothalamic tissue and its characterization as substance P

A sialogogic peptide has been isolated from bovine hypothalami by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and high voltage paper electrophoresis. The purity of this peptide was established by showing that the molar ratios of the constituent amino acids remained constant after high voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 1.9, 3.5, and 6.5. Its molecular weight (estimated by gel filtration) and its amino acid composition show that the peptide is an undecapeptide composed of Lys1, Arg1, Glx2, Pro2, Gly1, Leu1, Met1, and Phe2. The NH2-terminal residue is arginine. Further biological testing showed that the sialogogic peptide isolated is indistinguishable from Substance P; i.e. it stimulates contraction of the guinea pig ileum and the rat duodenum and is a potent vasodepressor. These effects are not inhibited by prior treatment of the test preparation with atropine. This report is believed to present the first complete purification of Substance P.
Land Use/Cover change detection of the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using remote sensing and geographic information system technology

Information about changes in land use/cover provides valuable insights while devising future natural resource management strategies. Remotely sensed data, serve as an effective tool for deriving this kind of information. Landsat Thematic Mapper images of 1987 and 1999 were used to extract land use/cover change of the city of Addis Ababa and the surrounding area. Analysis of the multitemporal Landsat images has clearly revealed the loss of forest to urban and residential sprawl within the city limit and the surrounding area.
De la destrucción de Chile o la historia es una pesadilla de la que estoy tratando de despertar

o Este ensayo pretende esbozar algunas de las principales lineas en que se ha desarrollado una parte importante de la poesia, a contar del ano noventa en adelante. El enfasis esta dado por la relacion entre el establecimiento de una politica economica neoliberal y como este sistema ha sido no solo el "contexto" de creacion para estos autores, sino una variante que ha terminado por modificar la idea misma de la escritura y sus realizaciones poeticas.
Agricultural Experiment Station Faculty and Administrator Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Placing Research Results on the World Wide Web

s and non–peer-reviewed AES-SR, but only 10% post full-text articles, suggesting that USU faculty view MYAG primarily as a reporting mechanism, consistent with previous importance they placed on administrative reporting. FACULTY PART I C I P A T ION . Approximately 40% of both horticulture (41%) and USU faculty (39%) placed their research findings on the Web, either by themselves or with the support of a Web programmer (survey item 14; data not shown). Of the faculty that do publish on the Web, 41% (16% of total) of these among the USU faculty prepare and post research results on the Web themselves, while 52% (22% of total) of the horticulture faculty do it all themselves. The remainder of each group works with a Web programmer to publish results. Only 38% of the USU faculty that post research results online use the Web to post reprints, vs. 57% of the horticulture faculty. Similar majorities (58%) published other, non–peer-reviewed, research findings or gray literature on the Web, but similar minorities (43%) provided some degree of interpretation of their research results online. Both horticulture and USU faculty were ambivalent about the time cost involved in placing AES-RS online (survey item 15; Fig. 4A), Fig. 2. Fractional response frequency rating (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree) by AES administrators (AES directors and plant science department heads) and AES-supported faculty (all AES-supported faculty at USU and horticulture faculty at selected horticultural departments) of four statements regarding alternative approaches to publishing of AES-supported research on the Web being consistent with the mission of the AES, and the extent to which faculty should be encouraged to engage in these alternative approaches. • January–March 2007 17(1) 99 echoing their previous sentiment about potential interference (survey item 9; Fig. 3C). Again, there was about a one-third split in agreement (A/SA, N, D/SD) among both groups. The previous ambivalent perception (Fig. 3C) and this actual assessment (Fig. 4A) suggest that those engaged in placing research online are largely ‘‘making it work’’ in terms of balancing other responsibilities, but the rest may need additional resources of time or technical support to balance participation in disseminating their AES-SR online with their existing duties. Both faculty groups were interested in becoming more engaged in publishing research results on the Web. Of those that did not publish on the Web (survey item 14, ‘‘no’’ response), 60% of the horticulture faculty and 75% USU faculty would like to learn. The perception among both faculty groups was that more support would facilitate greater faculty involvement in getting AES-SR results online (survey item16; Fig. 4B). Majorities of both USU (68% A/SA vs. 2% D/SD) and horticulture (64% A/SA vs. 10%, D/SD) faculty felt that their AES could do more to support faculty efforts at getting research results on the Web.
Hepatitic variant of graft-versus-host disease after donor lymphocyte infusion.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the liver is characterized by bile duct damage and portal lymphocytic infiltrate. We report acute hepatitislike presentation of GVHD after donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Between April 1998 and September 2001, 73 patients received 94 DLI treatments. Liver GVHD developed after DLI in 22 (30%) patients whose median age was 43 years (range, 21 to 61 years). Onset of liver dysfunction was at 35 days (range, 11 to 406 days) after DLI. Fifteen patients underwent liver biopsy, and the diagnosis of liver GVHD was confirmed in 13 (87%) patients. After viral hepatitis and recent drug exposure were excluded, 11 (50%) patients were given a diagnosis of a hepatitic variant of GVHD based on histologic evidence of lobular hepatitis (n = 5), elevation of maximum serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level more than 10 times the upper normal limit (n = 9), or both. There was a significant difference in maximum ALT ( P = .002) and AST ( P = .01) level between the hepatitic-variant and classical GVHD groups. GVHD progressed in 14 (64%) patients, and 10 patients died after a median follow-up of 221 days (range, 31-1284 days). These observations suggest that GVHD that occurs after DLI may have distinct clinical features. Hepatitic-variant GVHD should be considered in the differential diagnosis in DLI recipients with unexplained hepatitis.
Behavioral and cognitive subtypes of ADHD.

Abstract. Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms are observed by teachers in 9.2% of a nonreferred elementary school population. Two subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a cognitive form and a behavioral form, are identified. The behavioral subtype includes about 80% of those identified and is characterized by distinct clinical phenomenology of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These children can be described on a continuum of severity, with the most severe showing behavioral features indistinguishable from conduct disorder. Children with behavioral subtypes of ADHD do not exhibit the specific skill deficits on neuropsychological tests that are characteristic of reading disabled children. There is a second, less prevalent type of cognitive attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder constituting approximately 20% of ADHD children that includes severe academic underachievement along with inattention, impulsivity, and overactivity. Children with the cognitive subtype exhibit information processing deficits that involve inadequate encoding and retrieval of linguistic information, characteristic of reading disabilities.
The College Class at Work and Home

The core of the upper-middle class are college-educated, employed, married couples with their children. Within this class there are fractions that live somewhat different lives from one another. These families make a spectrum with corporate managers at one end, intellectuals at the other, and professionals in the middle. Each of these groups has a distinctive approach to work, which carries over into differences in how they lives their family lives. The college class spreads across a spectrum of occupations. It also produces a middle class layer and an uppermiddle class layer. College-educated men and women tend to marry one another, and both are likely to have jobs. Husband and wife each approach their work in line with the norms of each person’s occupation. They also make a common family out of some combination of the class and occupational cultures that they join together.
Measurement of blood hematocrit by dual-wavelength near-IR photoplethysmography

Blood hematocrit is routinely determined in the clinic by analysis of blood samples. This paper introduces an non-invasive method for measuring arterial blood hematocrit which, when combined with pulse oximetry, potentially enables simultaneous monitoring of hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation. It is based on the same principles underlying pulse oximetry, except two light sources that emit close to isobestic wavelengths of oxy/deoxyhemoglobin in the near-infrared band (800 nm and 1300 nm) are employed. Hematocrjt is related to the ratios of the pulsatile and nonpulsatile components of the diffuse intensity transmitted through a blood-perfused tissue at these wavelengths. To test the feasibility of the method, we developed an in vitro light-scattering model with optical properties similar to those of skin tissue. Measurements were made using semiconductor light sources and detectors. We discuss the experimental results in the context of theoretical predictions that show the effect of variations in the volume fraction of blood and water in tissue. Finally, potential problems concerning calibration in a clinical setting are addressed.
Aromatic aminotransferase activity of rat brain cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases.

— Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of aspartate aminotransferase were purified from rat brain homogenates and tested for their ability to catalyze transamination of various aromatic amino acids. The mitochondrial enzyme exhibited activity toward tyrosine and phenylalanine with 2-oxoglutar-ate as acceptor, although the specific activities were less than 1% of the corresponding aspartate activity when all substrates were 10 mM. Even less activity was seen with DOPA, 5-hydroxytryptophan and tryptophan. The cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase was active toward tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and DOPA, but these transaminations were favored by pyruvate or oxaloacetate rather than 2-oxoglutarate as keto acid. Based on co-migration of aromatic activities with the respective aspartate aminotransferases during isoelectric focusing and based on equal sensitivities of aromatic transamination and aspartate transamination to inhibition by vinylglycine, it was concluded that all activities resided in the aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Some doubt exists, however, as to the physiological significance of these alternate activities in view of the requirement that aromatic amino acids must compete with aspartate for transamination by these enzymes.
Quasiconformal homogeneity of hyperbolic surfaces with fixed-point full automorphisms

We show that any closed hyperbolic surface admitting a conformal automorphism with ?many? fixed points is uniformly quasiconformally homogeneous, with constant uniformly bounded away from 1. In particular, there is a uniform lower bound on the quasiconformal homogeneity constant for all hyperelliptic surfaces. In addition, we introduce more restrictive notions of quasiconformal homogeneity and bound the associated quasiconformal homogeneity constants uniformly away from 1 for all hyperbolic surfaces.
EFFECT OF NITRIC OXIDE IN MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME AFTER TREATMENT WITH SURFACTANT. † 2064

EFFECT OF NITRIC OXIDE IN MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME AFTER TREATMENT WITH SURFACTANT. † 2064
Group delay time for the surface wave on a YIG film backed by a grounded dielectric slab

The group delay time of the surface wave supported by a YIG film backed by a grounded dielectric slab is investigated theoretically. It is found that the group delay time is approximately independent of the permittivity of the dielectric and that there is a frequency range in Which the group delay time is nearly independent of the frequency.
Moral Realism and the Argument from Disagreement

Etude de l'argument de la difference developpe par J. L. Mackie contre l'epistemologie du realisme moral en general et contre l'intuitionnisme moral en particulier. Examinant la position du naturalisme scientifique face au probleme de l'acces epistemique, d'une part, et la version de l'argument de la difference portant sur la semantique du realisme moral plutot que sur son epistemologie, d'autre part, l'A. montre que le realisme moral naturaliste redonne de la vigueur au debat metaethique en rejetant l'hypothese de la reference commune qui constitue la solution au desaccord scientifique
Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasm

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related mortality in the United States. Surgical resection is the standard treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients who have resectable cancer may have significant comorbidities precluding surgical resection. Radiofrequency ablation is an emerging modality of treatment and may be applicable in this high-risk group of patients. In this article, we review the principles of radiofrequency ablation, the common devices in use, and the results of treatment for stage I non-small cell lung neoplasm.
Wavelet edge detection with composite embedded fiber optic sensors

Embedding fiber optic sensors in composites has achieved sensing of strain or vibration at micron-levels. Wavelet signal and image processing are potentially a means to detect actual cracks (and future fractures). Successes and obstacles of composite-embedded fiber optic sensors will be examined and new capabilities emulating from wavelet signal and image processing will be projected.
Nuclear threat detection with mobile distributed sensor networks

The ability to track illicit radioactive source in an urban environment is critical in national security applications. To this end, two modes of operation are common: positioning individual portal monitors, and deploying a network of distributed sensors. We address here the use of multiple detectors, mounted on moving vehicles, for the purpose of detecting nu- clear threats. An example scenario is that of multiple taxi cabs each carrying a detector. The detectors' positions are known in real-time as these are continuously reported from GPS data. The level of detected risk is then reported from each detector at each position. The problem is to delineate the presence of a potentially dangerous source and its approximate location by identifying a small area that has an elevated concentration of reported risk. This problem of using spatially deployed mobile detector networks to identify and locate risks is modeled and formulated here. The problem is shown to be solvable in polynomial time and with a combinatorial network flow algorithm. The efficiency of the algorithm enable its use in real time, and in areas containing a large number of deployed detectors. A simulation study, that takes into account false-positive and false-negatives reports from individual sen- sors, demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm in using the sensor network's detection
An automated template approach for generating web-based conservation planning worksheets

An automated web-form generator system was created to rapidly produce dynamic web-based inventory and assessment worksheets that are used by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to describe the condition of natural resources on farms and ranches. These worksheets are used by NRCS as part of the criteria for creating a conservation plan to qualify landowners for payments under the USDA Farm Bill Conservation Title. Presently, most worksheets are filled out by hand or in personal computer spreadsheets. If worksheets such as these were available over the web, landowners could also self-assess the conditions on their farms or ranches before requiring assistance of NRCS conservation planners or technical service providers. Because many conservation worksheets have a similar style and behavior, we created an automated web-script generator that produces a dynamic web-page worksheet from a common template file and a configuration file. A worksheet-specific configuration file provides the details for the worksheet. The template, configuration files, and web scripts are all in PHP (PHP hypertext processor). Each configuration file required approximately 5 h to program, a savings of more than 4 d compared with a web-based worksheet programmed individually with a scripting language. In this way, various conservation worksheets can be quickly created for the web, as well as be easily maintained. As an example, we produced a suite of assessment worksheets used by Oregon NRCS with our automated web-form conservation worksheet system. Those worksheets are accessible at: http:// yukon.een.orst.edu/ms_apps/wq_indexes/forms/index_menu.html (verified 5 May 2006).
The growth and chemical composition of three species of turtles fed on rations of pure foods

Painted turtles, gopher tortoises, and terrapins were fed on various mixtures of sand, salts, dextrin, casein, cod-liver oil, wheat, eggs, lettuce, and meal worms. Each individual was weighted weekly for about a year and then killed for analysis, the water, ash, nitrogen, and fat being determined. Some individuals increased in weight as much as 75 per cent, others lost weight. Judged by growth and chemical analyses, the food requirements of chelonians, as representative poikilothermal vertebrates toward nutritive substances (including vitamines) are similar to those of homoiothermal animals.
Occult thyroid eye disease in patients presenting with dry eye symptoms.

Purpose To describe the clinical presentation, laboratory features, and treatment outcomes in a series of patients with occult thyroid eye disease (TED). Design Retrospective observational case series. Methods Among 539 patients who were referred for dry eye evaluation over 2 years, 21 were diagnosed with occult TED, based on typical findings in orbital echography. Medical records of these patients were reviewed to collect information on demographics, clinical findings, laboratory studies, and treatment response. Results All patients presented with symptoms of dry eye. Median age of patients was 57 years (range, 24 to 78 years), with the majority female (86%). No patients carried prior diagnosis of TED or had typical findings of TED such as proptosis, dysmotility, or diplopia. Suspicion of TED was based on conjunctival hyperemia with or without chemosis localized to extraocular muscles (100%), and subtle widening of interpalpebral fissure (48%). Clinical findings included corneal fluorescein staining (57%), rapid tear break-up time (31%), and abnormal Schirmer test (19%). Nineteen percent of patients had other rheumatologic disorders commonly associated with dry eye: Sjogren syndrome (n = 3), and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1). Patients were treated topically using cyclosporine 0.05% 2 to 4 times a day, with or without steroid. Other treatments were also employed as necessary including warm compresses, artificial tears, and puntal plugs. Majority of patients (76%) had improvement of their symptoms. Conclusion Occult TED is a potential cause of inflammatory ocular surface disease with dry eye symptomatology and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating dry eye patients.
Replication protein A is a component of a complex that binds the human metallothionein IIA gene transcription start site

Previous studies revealed that sequences surrounding the initiation sites in many mammalian and viral gene promoters, called initiator (Inr) elements, may be essential for promoter strength and for determining the actual transcription start sites. DNA sequences in the vicinity of the human metallothionein IIA (hMTIIA) gene transcription start site share homology with some of the previously identified Inr elements. However, in the present study we have found by in vitro transcription assays that the hMTIIA promoter does not contain a typical Inr. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified several DNA-protein complexes at the hMTIIA gene transcription start site. A partially purified protein fraction containing replication protein A (RPA) binds to the hMTIIA gene transcription start site and represses transcription from the hMTIIA promoter in vitro. In addition, overexpression of the human 70-kDa RPA-1 protein represses transcription of a reporter gene controlled by the hMTIIA promoter in vivo. These findings suggest that hMTIIA transcription initiation is controlled by a mechanism different from most mammalian and viral promoters and that the previously identified RPA may also be involved in transcription regulation.
Concepts and fuzzy logic

Edited by Radim Belohlavek and George J. Klir, MIT Press, 2011, ix+274 pp., ISBN 978-0-262-01647-6 There are books, many of them, that can be praised for the manner in which they settle a subject. ...
Child Health and Household Resources in South Africa: Evidence from the Old Age Pension Program

This paper presents nonparametric evidence on the effects of the expansion of the Old Age Pension program in South Africa on child health. Did this increase in household resources improve child health and nutrition? Does the gender of the recipient of the pension affect its impact? The answers to these questions have very important policy implications. There is evidence that inadequate nutrition during childhood (and even in utero) affects long-term physical development, as well as the development of cognitive skills. This in turn affects productivity later in life (see Partha Dasgupta, 1993; John Strauss and Duncan Thomas, 1998; T. Paul Schultz, 1999). In the United States, the evidence suggests that monetary transfers to the poor have very little impact on child welfare (Janet Currie, 1995; Susan Mayer, 1997). However, the effects of parental income and monetary transfers on child outcomes are likely to be of greater magnitude among poor households in developing countries. The South African Pension program provides an unusual opportunity to evaluate the possible effects of such a monetary transfer. This paper exploits the rapid increase in the coverage and benefits of the Old Age Pension program in South Africa which took place in the early 1990’s (Anne Case and Angus Deaton, 1998). At the end of the apartheid era, the government committed to achieving parity of benefits and eligibility requirements between whites and Africans. This was achieved mostly by increasing the benefits received by the Africans. In 1993, 80 percent of African women above age 60 and 77 percent of African men above 65 received the pension. The maximum benefit of 370 rands per month (aproximately $3 per day) was equal to half of the minimum wage, and about twice the median income per capita in rural areas. Due to living arrangements inherited from the apartheid era, close to onethird of African children under the age of 5 currently live with a pension recipient. Children who live with a pension recipient tend to come from relatively disadvantaged backgrounds. As a consequence, they tend to be smaller than other children their age. To estimate the effect of receiving a pension on the anthropometric status of children, this paper exploits the fact that height reflects accumulated investments in child nutrition. The larger the proportion of her life during which a child is well-nourished, the taller she will be, given her age. Due to the expansion of the program in the early 1990’s, individuals of qualified age became more likely to receive a pension, and the benefits became substantially larger. Thus, children born after the expansion of the program are more likely to have spent a larger fraction of their lives wellnourished, if they live with a pension recipient, to the extent that the pension resulted in improved nutrition. In this paper, I present nonparametric evidence of the program’s effect on nutrition based on this observation.
Independent confirmation that delayed die swell is a hyperbolic transition

Abstract We measured shear wave speeds in the same aqueous Xathan solutions used to study delayed die swell by Allain et al. (Eur. J. Mech. A/Fluids, 12 (1993) 175-186). They reported delayed die swell for solutions of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm Xanthan in water when the shear rate, 8 U/d, was above a critical value 8Uc/d, where U is the mean velocity through a round pipe of diameter d = 0.6 mm and Uc is a critical value. Their photographs of delayed die swell are exactly like those reported by Joseph et al. (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 24 (1987) 31-65) for 17 different polymer solutions, by Joseph (Fluid Dynamics of Viscoelastic Liquids, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990) for 18 and by Hu et al. (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 35 (1990) 287-307) for Ml. Allain et al. sent us samples of the four solutions, prepared by them, and we measured wave speeds on our meter. As in all the earlier experiments, the delay occurs when the centerline velocity in the pipe U = 2U is greater than the wave speed C, and after a distance L the swell is complete and the mean velocity is less than C. This adds four more cases, 23 in all, to those for which the delay can be correlated with the wave speed measured on our meter. So far 23, and only 23, cases have been studied and they are all consistent with calculations from theory giving rise to hyperbolicity and change of type.
A single Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer for gas separations

This paper reports the synthesis of novel composite membranes that use a single Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayer as a separating layer. These membranes have been fabricated by using poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] (PTMSP) as support materials, {alpha}-cyclodextrin/sodium phenoxide or {beta}-cyclodextrin/sodium phenoxide as a gutter layer, and a single monolayer of a calix[6]arene as the primary barrier for transport.
Insulin-like growth factor I and its binding proteins in the cardiovascular system

A large body of evidence has conclusively shown that IGF I is an essential regulator of developmental growth. Thus mice bearing a null mutation for the IGF IR gene invariably die shortly after birth, and mice bearing a null mutation for the IGF I gene have a high neonatal mortality rate and marked growth retardation [158,159]. The ubiquitous effects of IGF I make it likely that this autocrine/endocrine system plays an important role in cardiovascular development. Its potential role in cardiovascular pathophysiology has raised considerable interest over the last several years. There is strong evidence that IGF I is a critical determinant of vascular growth responses in vitro and in vivo. Regulation of VSMC IGF IR availability appears to be crucial for the control of VSMC growth, and as such is at a convergence point for the effects of multiple growth factors. Clinical studies relating to IGF I in hypertension are extremely limited but significant data from animal studies now suggest a role for IGF I as a mediator of hypertrophic/hyperplastic responses in hypertension. Furthermore, significant animal data now exist implicating IGF I as an important mediator of cardiac hypertrophic responses. The development of a specific pharmacologic inhibitor of the IGF IR should allow rational clinical trials to address the function of IGF I as a mediator of cardiovascular growth responses. Specifically, areas of great interest will include the potential prevention of post-angioplasty restenosis, of atherosclerotic lesion development and progression, and of the complications of hypertensive vascular disease. The use of IGF I to ameliorate myocardial growth and function post infarction, to promote angiogenesis and collateral artery formation in the setting of peripheral vascular disease, are other important directions for future research. The use of IGF I to improve wound healing, improve recovery from acute renal failure and improve glucose control is currently under investigation. Clearly ongoing studies addressing the mechanisms whereby IGF I interacts with its receptor and binding proteins to produce its effects in cardiovascular tissues, will provide a rationale for novel and pertinent clinical research.
Development of epitaxial silicon lattice-matched insulators: silicon heterostructures for quantum confinement

Abstract Epitaxial films of the wide-bandgap II–VI beryllium chalcogenide semiconductors, BeTe, BeSe, and BeSeTe were grown on arsenic-terminated silicon substrates by MBE. Silicon was also epitaxially regrown on Be-chalcogenide films. Initial structural characterization revealed the desired smooth two-dimensional nature of the layer growth. The composition of BeSeTe ternary films was governed by the Be/Se flux ratio during deposition rather than by the Se/Te flux ratio. The variation in Be/Se flux ratio or in the sticking coefficients due to temperature gradients led to radial compositional inhomogeneity. Current versus temperature measurements of the Be-chalcogenide films at elevated temperatures analyzed assuming thermionic emission over the heterojunction barrier, showed conduction band offsets of 1.2 eV for the BeSe 0.41 Te 0.59 /As/Si and 1.3 eV for the BeSe/As/Si heterostructures. At room temperature, current density through BeSe/Si and BeSe 0.41 Te 0.59 /Si films was mid-10 − 9 A cm − 2 at 0.1 MV cm − 1 , similar to previously reported values for ZnS/Si, while BeTe/Si films had orders of magnitude higher current density, possibly due to interfacial recombination.
A quasi-steady-state model of attic heat transfer with radiant barriers

Abstract During the cooling season, heat transfer from the attic into the conditioned space of a residence can represent a significant portion of the total envelope heat transfer. Radiant barriers are one method used to reduce this heat transfer. A quasi-steady-state model was developed for predicting attic heat transfer in residences with radiant barrier systems. The model was used to estimate the reduction in cooling load that would occur with a radiant barrier and to identify important construction and environmental parameters that influence this cooling load reduction. The model's output consisted of hourly ceiling heat fluxes inside the house based on hourly weather data inputs. Model results were compared with detailed experimental results from two small test houses. The model predicted typical summer heat flux reductions of between 35 and 43% with different radiant barrier configurations and levels of insulation. These compared to measured heat flux reductions of between 29 and 37% in attics under the same conditions. Sensitivity studies were also conducted to show the effect of uncertainty in several of the important physical attic parameters on the final heat flow predictions of the model.
Nuclear and gamma-ray production by supernova ejecta

Abstract The fastest components of supernova ejecta can have have particle energies above the thresholds for γ-ray production and for nuclear spallation. Thus we expect the fast ejecta to create a γ-ray echo of the explosion as they traverse the circumstellar and interstellar medium. Further, as the fastest particles come from the outermost layers of the supernova progenitor, they may provide a signature of their composition. It is proposed that the very unusual COMPTEL observations in Orion could arise from a supernova with an unusual outer composition: namely, a CO core explosion occurring in the dense Orion cloud. Fast particle spectra are computed from both analytical and numerical supernova models, and are found to have features that are quite universal. The observational and nucleosynthetic implications of this mechnism are discussed, both for Orion, and for supernovae generally.
Discrete sizes of replication intermediates in drosophila cells

Abstract The size of DNA replication intermediates from Drosophila cells pulse-labeled with 3 H-thymidine for 30–120 sec was determined by electrophoresis in formamide-polyacrylamide gels. Replication intermediates were formed in three discrete size classes, with median lengths of 61, 125 and 240 nucleotides. Replication intermediates in the 125 nucleotide size class occurred most frequently. Two of the three size classes may contain discrete species of replication intermediates about 90–400 nucleotides long. The data also suggested that some larger replication intermediates accumulate in pulse-labeled cells. We concluded that 61 nucleotide molecules give rise to 125 and 240 nucleotide molecules, which then form high molecular weight DNA. Mechanisms for forming these replication intermediates are discussed.