cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CO2 selectivity and lifetimes of high silica ZSM-5 membranes

Abstract High silica ZSM-5 membranes have been grown on porous α-alumina supports via hydrothermal synthesis for CO2 sequestration from methane reforming processes. The optimized synthesis parameters for high silica ZSM-5 membranes, including gel composition and ageing, seed composition and deposition techniques, temperature, time, and membrane calcination parameters are discussed. The permeation characteristics of several membranes for gases present during methane reforming processes (H2, CO2, O2, CH4, N2 and CO) were measured, as well as for the test gases He and SF6. The permeance of CO2 is higher than that of the other gases and is between two and three times higher than that of the smaller He atoms or H2 molecules. The higher permeance of CO2 is likely due to enhanced surface diffusion. Membranes showed a decrease in CO2 permeation over time, which was partially regenerated after a heating cycle.
Modeling of asphaltene phase behavior with the SAFT equation of state

Abstract The SAFT equation of state was used to model asphaltene phase behavior in a model live oil and a recombined oil under reservoir conditions. The equation of state parameters for the asphaltenes were fit to precipitation data from oil titrations with n-alkanes at ambient conditions. The SAFT model was then used to predict the asphaltene stability boundaries in the live oils. A lumping scheme that divides the recombined oil into six pseudo-components based on composition, saturates–aromatics–resins–asphaltenes fractionation, and gas–oil-ratio data was introduced. Using this lumping scheme, SAFT predicted stock-tank oil and recombined oil densities that are in excellent agreement with experiment data. For both the model and the recombined oil systems, SAFT predicted asphaltene instability and bubble points agree well with experimental measurements.
New perspectives in basal forebrain organization of special relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders: the striatopallidal, amygdaloid, and corticopetal components of substantia innominata.

Abstract The basal forebrain is critically involved in functions representing the highest levels of integration. Only recently has a relatively clear anatomical picture of this important area begun to emerge. The territory that has generally been referred to as the “substantia innominata” appears to be composed of portions of three recognizable forebrain structures: the ventral striatopallidal system, the extended amygdala and the magnocellular corticopetal system. (1) Rostrally, the striatopallidal system reaches ventrally to the base of the brain. (1) Caudal to the ventral extension of the striatopallidal system elements of the centromedial amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are merged so that these two areas together with this subpallidal corridor form a large forebrain unit that might be described as an “extended amygdala”. (1) Large cholinergic and non-cholinergic corticopetal neurons form a more or less continuous aggregate that is interwoven with the striatopallidal and extended amygdala systems in basal forebrain. Consideration of morphological and conneetional characteristics of basal forebrain suggests that the corticopetal cell groups, together with magnocellular elements of the striatum. serve similar functional roles for the strialopallidal system, the extended amygdala, and the septal diagonal band complex. Specifically, the output of medium spiny neurons in striatum, extended amygdala, and lateral septum are directed toward somewhat larger sparsely or moderately spiny neurons with radiating dendrites which in turn project to diencephalon and brainstem or provide either local feedback (e.g. in striatum) or distal feedback to cortex. The functional implications of this parallel processing of descending forebrain afferents are discussed.
Enhanced δ-opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in μ-opioid receptor-deficient mice

Inflammatory hyperalgesia was induced in wild-type, heterozygous and mu-opioid receptor knockout mice after an intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. micro-Opioid receptor knockout mice exhibited faster recovery from hyperalgesia as compared to heterozygous (P<0.05) and wild-type (P<0.01) mice. Naloxone restored hyperalgesia in all genotypes. Naltrindole (delta-opioid receptor-selective antagonist) partially restored the hyperalgesia only in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice (P<0.001). Nor-binaltorphimine (kappa-opioid receptor-selective antagonist) had no effect. The mu-opioid receptor-selective agonist, [D-Ala(2), MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO), reduced the hyperalgesia in heterozygous and wild-type but not in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice while U69,593 ?(+)-(5alpha,7alpha, 8beta)-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro[4. 5]dec-8-yl]-benzeneacetamide, kappa-opioid receptor-selective? produced similar effects in all mice. The delta-opioid receptor-selective agonists, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin (DPDPE) and deltorphin ([D-Ala(2)]deltrophin-II), produced significantly greater antihyperalgesia in knockout mice (P<0.05). The findings suggest that mu-opioid receptors may be involved in the persistence of inflammatory hyperalgesia and that a delta-opioid receptor-mediated compensatory mechanism in the absence of the mu-opioid receptor is activated by persistent hyperalgesia.
Reflection groups and coxeter groups

Part I. Finite and Affine Reflection Groups: 1. Finite reflection groups 2. Classification of finite reflection groups 3. Polynomial invariants of finite reflection groups 4. Affine reflection groups Part II. General Theory of Coxeter Groups: 5. Coxeter groups 6. Special case 7. Hecke algebras and Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials 8. Complements Bibliography.
Identification of protein kinase C inhibitory activity associated with a polypeptide isolated from a phage display system with homology to PCM-1, the pericentriolar material-1 protein

We had previously identified a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor in murine neuroblastoma cells (Chakravarthy et al. [1]). Similar PKC inhibitory activity was also found in adult rat brain. Using polyclonal antibodies raised against the partially purified PKC inhibitor from rat brain as bait, we isolated a putative brain PKC inhibitor using a T-7 phage display system expressing human brain cDNA library. After enriching the phage population expressing the putative PKC inhibitor with four rounds of biopanning using ELISA and in vitro PKC binding assays, we identified a phage clone that expressed a product with significant PKC inhibitory activity. We have cloned and expressed this cDNA in a bacterial system and purified the recombinant protein. This polypeptide (174 amino acids) is highly homologous to a region of the 228-kDa PCM-1, the human pericentriolar material 1 protein. We have mapped this polypeptide's PKC-inhibitory domain and shown its PKC inhibitory activity in vitro. However, it will need to be determined whether the full-length PCM-1 protein possesses PKC inhibitory activity in vivo, and if so, how this might contribute to PCM-1's recently demonstrated roles in ciliogenesis and neurogenesis.
Comparison of Gaussian closure technique and equivalent linearization method

Abstract Owing to their simplicity, the Gaussian closure technique and equivalent linearization method are frequently used in solving nonlinear random vibration problems. Whether Gaussian closure leads to more accurate result than the equivalent linearization method or vice versa is a controversial issue. Generally, they have the same analytical ingradients and will lead to identical or similar results depending on specific equivalent linearization techniques used. The present paper proves this assertion for relatively simple nonlinear systems. The method of proof, however, appears to be applicable to more complex problems. Examples are provided for a parametrically excited nonlinear system and a hysteric system.
Remittances and Inequality: A Question of Migration Stage and Geographic Scale*

The impact of migrant remittances on the place of migrant origin is examined using data from a 1988 household study undertaken in central Zacatecas state Mexico. The focus is on whether remittances tend to increase or to decrease income inequalities. "Interfamilial inequalities are found first to decrease and then to increase as a places migration experience deepens. Throughout this experience however rural incomes improve relative to urban ones since remittances are targeted to the predominantly rural areas of origin." (EXCERPT)
Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy using CCD detection and a semiconductor bandgap filter for Rayleigh line rejection

A novel application of a tuneable Ti: sapphire laser and a CdTe a Rayleigh line rejection filter for near-infrared Raman spectroscopy employing a single grating spectrograph and multichannel detection is demonstrated. Raman spectra of liquid, solid, and photobiological samples have been measured within 75 cm−1 of the exciting laser line. At excitation wavelengths between 790 and 850 mm, a significant improvement in sensitivity over that for present Fourier transform Raman techniques has been obtained.
Combined therapy with LHRH and HCG in cryptorchid infants

In 238 boys with cryptorchidism, between the ages of 4 and 48 months, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was administered as nasal spray 1.2 mg/day for 4 weeks. The nonresponders received human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 500 I.U. i.m. three times a week for 3 weeks. With the combined treatment, 37.8% of testes descended into the scrotum. Testicular descent occurred more often in patients whose testes were located in a lower position. Histological findings indicated a reduction in the number and maturation of germ cells. A clear improvement of germ cells trophism was observed in boys hormonally treated and operated on before the 12th month of life. Early administered combined treatment with LHRH and HCG can be considered as a substitution of the gonadotropins insufficiency manifested by most cryptorchid infants in the first months of life.
Lost Voices: Vergil, Aeneid 12.718–19

Here, in the middle of the well-known simile that depicts Aeneas and Turnus as bulls fighting for territory and a herd (12.715–22), Vergil registers the reactions of the onlookers. Commentators and lexicographers disagree about what the heifers are doing, interpreting ‘mussant’ in different ways. Servius (followed by Conington–Nettleship) glosses the verb as ‘dubitant’. By contrast, Heyne offers the paraphrase ‘anxii expectant’, responding to the theme of fear in the two preceding cola: cf. ‘pavidi’ and ‘metu’. Forbiger's explanatory ‘tacite expectant’ stresses rather the note of silence introduced by ‘stat pecus omne metu mutum’. Lewis and Short (s.v., II) and Georges (s.v., 112) concur with Forbiger when they translate ‘mussant’ ‘expect in silence’ and ‘stumm harren’. Other authorities, however, underscore the verb's onomatopoeic sense. Julius Caesar Scaliger, for example, observes of Vergil's usage: ‘sane verbum factitium, neque absonum a bourn voce’. Accordingly, some older commentators interpret ‘mussant’ as a restrained form of ‘mugiunt’. More recently, the OLD (s.v., 3a) and TLL (s.v., II2b [8.2.1709.26–32]) cite Aen. 12.718 under the definitions ‘mutter in indecision’ and ‘mussantem (i.e. murmurantem) dubitare’. Although there is general agreement that ‘mussant’ (followed by indirect deliberative questions) connotes uncertainty, there still remains the problem of whether it indicates silence, faint lowing, or muttering. The purpose of this note is to call attention to an unrecognized etymological wordplay in line 718 (‘stat pecus omne metu mutum, mussantque iuvencae’) which helps explain what the heifers are doing and why there are varying interpretations of ‘mussant’.
Necessary Conditions for a Fixed Point of Maps in Non-Metric Spaces

The main purpose of the present work is to introduce necessary conditions for a map on a non-metric space, defined by using a map on a metric space, to have a fixed point.
Review of active chem-bio sensing

The US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center is the leader in development of military systems for chemical and biological defense, in collaboration with all Services, other Government laboratories, academia, and industry. Chemical and biological optical sensing principles, unique capabilities, state-of-the-art sensors, and emerging technologies will be discussed.
Gallium-67 scintigraphy in malignant melanoma.

Gallium-67 whole body scintigraphy was included in the diagnostic workup of 44 consecutive patients with biopsy proven malignant melanoma in order to study the uptake of this nuclide by known melanoma tissue and to objectively assess its value in the detection of known and unknown meta-static disease.
HPA axis responsiveness to stress: Implications for healthy aging

The major neuroendocrine response mediating stress adaptation is activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, with stimulation of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (VP) from parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, leading to stimulation of pituitary ACTH secretion and increases in glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex. Basal production and transient increases during stress of glucocorticoids and its hypothalamic regulators are essential for neuronal plasticity and normal brain function. While activation of the HPA axis is essential for survival during stress, chronic exposure to stress hormones can predispose to psychological, metabolic and immune alterations. Thus, prompt termination of the stress response is essential to prevent negative effects of inappropriate levels of CRH and glucocorticoids. This review addresses the regulation of HPA axis activity with emphasis on the mechanisms of termination of CRH transcription, which is a critical step in this process. In addition, the actions by which glucocorticoids, CRH and VP can affect the aging process will be discussed.
Influencing policy development: the whirling dervish of the autism in-home program.

The elimination of a state supported autism in-home program due to budgetary constraints is used to illustrate how nurses working with grassroots and legislative groups can influence policy, and how policy, in turn, determines the availability of treatment and services. Within 24 hours of its elimination, parents of children with autism and key stakeholders mounted a statewide advocacy effort to restore an autism in-home program that researchers had shown to be effective Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treament and normal education and intellectual functioning in your autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 55, 3-9 . The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the circuitous route of public policy through the perpective of a nurse practitioner who worked at a grass roots level with parents of children with autism and legislators to effect policy change related to the program. In addition, the paper provides perspectives from a provider of autism in-home services, a parent, and a politician stressing the lessons learned in using the political process for the benefit of the children.
Growth of spectral components in a wind-generated wave train

Power spectral density measurements were made of the water surface displacement in a wind-generated wave train in the Stanford wind, water-wave research facility. Growth rates of different components were determined from the measured spectra. The resulting values were compared with those predicted by the viscous Reynolds stress mechanism of energy transfer from wind to wave which was proposed by Miles. Where the growth was exponential the theory could be made to predict growth rates successfully at wave frequencies less than 3·5 c/s. At higher frequencies the theory predicted values an order of magnitude larger than those measured. Limited regions of linear growth were found at the lowest wind speed for components with frequencies less than 2·5 c/s. The scatter in the data did not permit a quantitative comparison with theory to be made for this range.
Dispersion of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Poly(Pyridinium Salt)s Containing Various Rigid Aromatic Moieties

Dispersions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with several poly(pyridinium salt)s containing various aromatic diamine moieties are prepared via a non-covalent coagulation in DMSO. The interactions between SWNTs and polymers are characterized with various spectroscopic techniques. The 1H NMR spectra suggest that strong interactions exist. The UV−Vis absorption spectra are independent of the incorporation of SWNTs. The resulting composites display high quenching efficiency in the photoluminescent properties; and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal the well-dispersed SWNTs in the ionic polymer matrices. The enhanced thermal stability of the composites is determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The fully grown lyotropic LC properties of the poly(pyridinium salt)s are disrupted by the introduction of SWNTs.
A Fault-Tolerant Multiprocessor for Real-Time Control Applications

This paper presents the design, analysis, and experimental evaluation of a fault-tolerant multiprocessor for use in systems requiring real-time, microprocessor-based control. Example applications of the fault-tolerant system are found in robotics, process control, manufacturing, and factory automation. The architecture for the multiprocessor is presented and analyzed for reliability, availability, and safety. A prototype of the fault-tolerant multiprocessor has been constructed, using Intel 8088 processors, and experimentally evaluated in the laboratory. Both hardware and software descriptions of the system are provided, and an example application to the control of an electric wheelchair is presented.
Chronopotentiometric study of the redox characteristics of PtCl62− and PtCl42− at a platinum electrode

Abstract A solution of PtCl 6 2− in 1 M hydrochloric acid does not show a chronopotentiometric reduction wave at a platinum cathode whose surface has been cleaned with aqua regia . When the electrode has previously been coated with a small quantity of platinum black a well-developed reduction wave is observed. Under the latter condition the transition time is diffusion-controlled, and corresponds to reduction of +4 Pt to the +3 state. A solution of +2 Pt (PtCl 4 2− ) in 1 M hydrochloric acid shows both anodic and cathodic chronopotentiometric waves with a platinum electrode. The anodic and cathodic transition times are approximately equal, and correspond respectively to the oxidation of +2 Pt to the +4 state and reduction to metallic platinum.
Privatizing Environmental Governance

Many of today’s systems that regulate the environmental impact of households and arms grew out the work of national legislatures in the early 1970s. Tragically, perhaps, a global cultural shift began within a decade after this wave of legislatively sanctioned regulation; in the age of Thatcher, Reagan, and global neoliberalism, public regulation became anathema to powerful social forces and to many sitting governments. In lieu of national laws or international treaties, a variety of political entrepreneurs and associated interest groups began pushing for private, voluntary systems of environmental governance, as well as for public-private partnerships that might accomplish the kind of things that advocates of legal regulation had once demanded. The three volumes under review all provide empirical evaluations of different examples of such private environmental governance. Taken together, they paint a picture that is not hopeless; some well-designed private systems have been able to shift the basic way in which organizations think about and make decisions concerning their environmental impact. Nonetheless, these studies provide little evidence to suggest that private governance can ever substitute for public regulation. Two of these books are collected volumes. In Privatization and the Remaking of Nature-Society Relations, Mansaeld and her colleagues apply the tools of critical geography to the analysis of a set of biosphere issues—agriculture, asheries, genetically modiaed crops, and water—in Canada, the United States, and the developing world. In Reality Check, Morgenstern and Pizer’s authors are primarily concerned with programs to reduce energy consumption or the release of
Complex-coordinate method. II. Resonance calculations with correlated target state wave functions

We have computed the position and width of the 1s (2s)/sup 2/ /sup 2/S resonance of He/sup -/ using five different wave functions for the ground state of He. These wave functions include different amounts of spatial and angular correlation. The difference in the width using a closed-shell target-state function and a three-configuration target function with spatial and angular correlation is only 6.6%. The width using the former function is 12.55 meV, while that for the latter is 11.72 meV. We also performed the calculations without constraining the relative amplitudes of the configurations in the target function to those obtained from a variational calculation of the He ground-state energy. In these calculations we did not encounter the same instability of the complex energy as reported elsewhere in the literature. Finally, improvement in the target-state functions results in a convergence of the scattering-state energies towards the rotated rays. This is to be expected since the description of these states is dominated by the open channel.
Drinking settings, alcohol consumption, and sexual risk behavior among gay men

Abstract We sought to 1) describe the settings or groups of settings where men who have sex with men (MSM) consume alcohol in 16 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSA); and 2) investigate whether certain drinking settings or groups of settings are associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption, problem drinking, and sexual risk behavior. Latent class analysis was used to develop our measure of drinking settings. The final latent class model consisted of four distinct classes which captured the typical settings where MSM consumed alcohol: “home” “social,” “bar/social,” and “general” drinkers (i.e., drinks in all settings). Regression models showed that “general” drinkers were more likely than “social” drinkers to engage in frequent heavy drinking. Compared to ‘social’ drinkers, general drinkers were also more likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse (UAIMP) and UAIMP with men met in bars and other venues (e.g., private parties, bath houses) while intoxicated. Assessment of drinking settings may be a means of identifying MSM who are at greater risk for frequent, heavy drinking and related sexual risk behavior.
Harmonic spin dynamics in Rb2MnxCr1−xCl4

Abstract We employ equation-of-motion techniques to calculate the dynamic structure factor of the quasi-two dimensional disordered magnet Rb2MnxCr1−xCl4. Using experimental values for the Cr-Cr, Cr-Mn, and Mn-Mn exchange integrals, we obtain reasonable agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering data for x=0.70 and 0.59 reported by Sieger, et.al. Our calculations show that their findings can be explained within the framework of a harmonic magnon model. In addition to the dynamic structure factor we present results for the magnon density of states and the localization indices for x=0.25, 0.59, and 0.70. The latter provide support for the interpretation given earlier of cluster modes coexisting with propagating modes.
Wear resistant irradiated FEP/unirradiated PTFE composites

Wear resistance of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) can be increased through electron irradiation by three orders of magnitude. Unlike polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), wear resistance can be maintained in spite of subsequent thermal processing if irradiation is carried out at elevated temperature in inert atmosphere. Composites formed through sintering mixtures of irradiated FEP and unirradiated PTFE particles possess unique combinations of wear resistance and lower friction than that of unirradiated PTFE. Furthermore, irradiated FEP/unirradiated PTFE composites are non-abrasive to mating counterfaces, unlike hard particle-filled composites. Distribution of irradiated FEP particles throughout the entirety of a PTFE body enables these attributes to be maintained indefinitely.
Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Response to Crowding Stress in an F 2 Generation of Rainbow Trout Produced Through Phenotypic Selection

Selective breeding programs for salmonids typically aim to improve traits associated with growth and disease resistance. It has been established that stressors common to production environments can adversely affect these and other traits which are important to producers and consumers. Previously, we employed phenotypic selection to create families that exhibit high or low plasma cortisol concentrations in response to crowding stress. Subsequent crosses of high × low phenotypes founded a multigenerational breeding scheme with the aim of dissecting the genetic basis for variation underlying stress response through the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Multiple methods of QTL analyses differing in their assumptions of homozygosity of the causal alleles in the grandparental generation yielded similar results in the F1 generation, and the analysis of two stress response phenotype measurement indexes were highly correlated. In the current study, we conducted a genome scan with microsatellites to detect QTL in the F2 generation of two families created through phenotypic selection and having larger numbers of offspring than families screened in the previous generation. Seven suggestive and three significant QTL were detected, seven of which were not previously detected in the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture germplasm, bringing the total number of chromosomes containing significant and suggestive stress response QTL to 4 and 15, respectively. One significant QTL which peaks at 7 cM on chromosome Omy12 spans 12 cM and explains 25 % of the phenotypic variance in family 2008052 particularly warrants further investigation. Five QTL with significant parent-of-origin effects were detected in family 2008052, including two QTL on Omy12. The 95 % confidence intervals for the remaining QTL we detected were broad, requiring validation and fine mapping with other genotyping approaches and mapping strategies. These results will facilitate identification of potential casual alleles that can be employed in strategies aimed at better understanding the genetic and physiological basis of stress responses to crowding in rainbow trout aquaculture production.
Measurement of Ξ−→Λπ− and Ω−→ΛK− Decay Parameters

Based on 144 million polarized Ξ − → Λ π − , Λ → p π − and 5.5 million unpolarized Ω − → Λ K − , Λ → p π − decays, the HyperCP collaboration at Fermilab has measured the decay parameters β Ξ − , γ Ξ − , and α Ω − . Our results indicate that β Ξ − and α Ω − are small, but nonzero. Implications of the β Ξ − measurement on the Λ π − phase-shift difference will be discussed. The nonzero value of α Ω − is the first unambiguous evidence of parity violation in Ω − decays. A preliminary measurement of α Ω ¯ + will also be presented, based on 1.9 million Ω ¯ + → Λ ¯ K + , Λ ¯ → p ¯ π + events. The comparison of α Ω − and α Ω ¯ + provides a test of CP invariance for Ω decays.
“Overloading” the left hemisphere in right-handed subjects with verbal and motor tasks

Abstract One hundred and two (51 male, 51 female) right-handed subjects were randomly assigned to either perform a motor task with the left arm or with the right arm while simultaneously performing a digits backward task. It was found that the left arm group performed significantly better on the digits backward task than did the right arm group. The results were explained in terms of “hemisphere sharing”. This concept suggests that an interference situation is created in the left hemisphere when subjects are required to perform two tasks which are both designed to elicit left hemisphere activity.
Dental manifestations of the rubella syndrome.

Abstract Enamel defects of the deciduous teeth occurred in twelve of fourteen children with documented manifestations of the rubella syndrome. Although the congenital rubella infection preceded the onset of enamel formation, studies since the 1963–1964 rubella epidemic have shown that the virus remains viable in the fetus and can still be isolated as late as 3 years after birth. The enamel lesions are, therefore, attributed to this prolonged effect of the virus on the ameloblasts.
The human urokinase-plasminogen activator gene (PLAU) is located on chromosome 10q24 centromeric to the HOX11 gene.

Urokinase-plasminogen activator is one of two soluble serine proteases that are produced by humans and that convert plasminogen, an inactive proenzyme present in plasma and other extracellular fluids, to plasmin, a protease with broad substrate specificities. Its activity is involved in processes requiring localized extracellular proteolysis such as fibrinolysis, tissue remodeling, and cell migration. Increased production of urokinase has been associated with cancer metastases. The gene for urokinase-plasminogen activator, PLAU, was mapped to chromosome 10q24-qter. By employing somatic cell genetics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Southern blot analysis, the authors assign PLAU to chromosome 10q24. Human chromosome segment 10q23-q25 contains the genes for terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase, cytochrome P450IIC, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and plasma retinol binding protein, which form a syntenic group on murine chromosome 19. It is therfore of interest that PLAU and glutamate dehydrogenase, which are on murine chromosome 14, also map in or close to this region of human chromosome 10.
Comparison of the orientational dynamics of water confined in hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanopores

The collective orientational dynamics of water confined in hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanopores have been studied using ultrafast optical Kerr effect spectroscopy. In both types of pores the dynamics depend on pore size and are significantly slower than in the bulk liquid. The slowest dynamics are attributed to molecules at the pore surfaces and are faster in hydrophobic pores than in hydrophilic pores. The dynamics of molecules in the centers of the pores are also inhibited as compared to the bulk liquid but are not influenced by the nature of the pore surfaces. These results suggest that the chemical nature of a solid/water interface affects the structural and dynamic properties of water over only a very short distance.
Management and outcomes of traumatic hemothorax in children.

Background: Adult guidelines for the management of traumatic hemothorax are well established; however, there have been no similar studies conducted in the pediatric population. The purpose of our study was to assess the management and outcomes of children with traumatic hemothorax. Materials and Methods: Following Institutional Review Board approval, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of all trauma patients diagnosed with a hemothorax at a Level-1 pediatric trauma center from 2007 to 2012. Results: Forty-six children with hemothorax were identified, 23 from blunt mechanism and 23 from penetrating mechanism. The majority of children injured by penetrating mechanisms were treated with tube thoracostomy while the majority of blunt injury patients were observed (91.3% vs. 30.4% tube thoracostomy, penetrating vs. blunt, P = 0.00002). Among patients suffering from blunt mechanism, children who were managed with chest tubes had a greater volume of hemothorax than those who were observed. All children who were observed underwent serial chest radiographs demonstrating no progression and required no delayed procedures. Children with a hemothorax identified only by computed tomography, after negative plain radiograph, did not require intervention. No child developed a delayed empyema or fibrothorax. Conclusion: The data suggest that a small-volume hemothorax resulting from blunt mechanism may be safely observed without mandatory tube thoracostomy and with overall low complication rates.
Nitrogen transformations in a small mountain stream

Ammonium, urea, and nitrate were added to Bear Brook, a second and third order stream in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Removal of ammonium and urea during downstream transport coincided with the release of nitrate. Nitrate removal did not occur when it was added alone or with dissolved organic carbon. Laboratory experiments showed that coarse particulate organic material (detritus) and bryophytes taken from the streambed were active in the removal of ammonium from enriched stream water, and in the release of nitrate upon the addition of ammonium. The patterns of removal and release observed in these experiments suggest a biologically mediated, oxidation process. Budgetary calculations show that the in-stream transformation of nitrogen inputs during summer and autumn could represent 12 to 25 percent of the nitrogen exported as nitrate during winter and spring from heterotrophic streams like Bear Brook. This type of internal cycling affects the timing and form of nitrogen export from small streams draining forested watersheds in the northeastern United States.
Alterations in hepatic and renal levels of glutathione and activities of glutathione S-transferases from rats treated with cis-dichlorodiamminelatinum-II

Adult female rats were treated intraperitoneally with 8 mg/kg of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). At various times after treatment 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 days replicate animals were killed and liver and kidney cytosols examined for activity of glutathione-dependent transferase activities and levels of glutathione. Hepatic levels of glutathione were depressed by 13–28% at 1, 3, 5 days after dosing. Renal levels of glutathione were increased by 3–5 fold at 8 and 12 days after drug administration. Renal levels of glutathione were decreased at nearly all times studied with a nadir at 5 days. Activity of glutathione s-acryl transferase was increased and S-epoxidetransferase was decreased at 5, 8, 12 days after dosing. When cisplatinum was added to incubation mixtures in vitro, no changes in enzyme activities were observed. When cisplatin and reduced glutathione were determined chromatographically in tissue cytosols from treated rats, 30% of the recovered platinum was associated with glutathione. In tissue cytosols, greater than 95% of the total platinum content was retained in the supernatant when protein was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, while only 3–5% of the protein was retained.
Influence of Anisotropy on Local and Global Measures of Potential Gradient in Computer Models of Defibrillation

A heart–torso model including fiber orientation is used to calculate electric field strength in an active-can transvenous defibrillation system and estimate errors due to inadequate description of the anisotropy of the myocardium. Using a minimum potential gradient (5 V/cm) in a critical mass (95%) of the tissue, the estimated defibrillation voltage threshold for a right ventricular transvenous lead placement differs by only 4.5% when using isotropic myocardial conductivity compared to a model with realistic fiber architecture. In addition, pointwise comparisons of the two solutions reveal differences of 10.8% rms in potential gradient strength and 31.6% rms in current density magnitude in the myocardium, resulting in a change in the location of the low gradient regions. These results suggest that if a minimum potential gradient throughout the heart is necessary to avoid reinitiation of fibrillatory wave fronts, then isotropic models are adequate for modeling the electric field in the heart. Alternatively, the model demonstrates the use of physiologically based descriptions of anisotropy and fiber orientation, which will soon allow simulations of shock induced membrane polarization during defibrillation. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Creating a national champion or a global pharmaceutical company: a tale of French connection

Purpose – The purpose of this illustrative case‐based research is to analyze and evaluate the 2004 controversial merger of two high‐profile French pharmaceutical companies, Sanofi‐Synthelabo and Aventis.Design/methodology/approach – This is a case‐based research paper that relates existing theory to mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and global strategies by highlighting those issues that impact business and industrial markets as well as multinational corporations' (MNCs) operations.Findings – Sanofi‐Aventis continues to go through a multitude of changes in its corporate reorganization while Novartis has been exploring collaborative ventures with pharmaceutical and bio‐tech companies.Research limitations/implications – There is a scarcity of published work in the case‐based research area. The work provides an understanding of the French government's national champion initiatives and their impact on the European and global pharmaceutical companies.Practical implications – The findings of this case have tangib...
Defect repair for extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask blanks

The development of defect-free reticle blanks is an important challenge facing the commercialization of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The basis of an EUVL reticle are mask blanks consisting of a substrate and a reflective Mo/Si multilayer. Defects on the substrate or defects introduced during multilayer deposition can result in critical phase and amplitude defects. Amplitude- or phase-defect repair techniques are being developed with the goal to repair many of these defects. In this paper we discuss the selection of a capping layer for amplitude-defect repair, and report on experimental results of the reflectance variation over the amplitude-defect repair zone for different capping layers. Our results suggest that carbon and silicon carbide are the leading candidates for capping layer materials. We further performed a quantitative assessment of the yield improvement due to defect repair. We found that amplitude- and phase-defect repair have the potential to significantly improve mask blank yield, and that yield can be maximized by increasing the number of Mo/Si bilayers.
Preparing clients for group therapy: A critical review and theoretical formulation

Abstract This paper reviews the experimental literature on procedures for preparing clients for group therapy. Procedures which have been used are described, results are summarized, and methodological and conceptual critiques, as well as suggestions for improvement, are provided. Bandura's (1977) model regarding the development of expectations and their influence on behavior is proposed as a conceptual framework. Development of positive selfefficacy and outcome expectations regarding a carefully (theoretically and/or empirically) derived set of “appropriate” client behaviors is suggested as the primary goal of preparatory procedures. Application of this conceptual model is elaborated on and explication of how it can help refine investigation efforts is offered.
Effect of Radiation and Conventional Processing on the Thiamin Content of Pork

A study was undertaken to compare the effect of ionizing radiation and thermal processing on the thiamin content of pork. Ground pork was either thermally processed in cans or, after enzyme-inactivation, irradiated in pouches with electrons or gamma rays. Thiamin in treated and untreated samples was measured by the thiochrome method. The results show that thiamin retention in pork decreases as the irradiation dose increases, but that retention increases as the temperature of irradiation decreases. Moreover, irradiation with gamma rays (low dose-rate) leads to lower retention than irradiation with electrons (high dose-rate). Results also show that conventional thermal processing causes loss of thiamin comparable to or greater than irradiation at effective processing conditions for sterilization.
An evolutionary perspective can help unify disparate accounts of grandparental investment

Coall & Hertwig (C&H) bring attention to alternative accounts of grandparental investment from economics, evolutionary anthropology, psychology, and sociology, which have yet to be reconciled. We attempt to help integrate some of the disparate perspectives by expanding the scope of the evolutionary perspective, highlighting some gaps, and discussing problems with the authors' treatment of grandparents in traditional societies.
Pharmacokinetics of amiodarone : implications for drug therapy

Amiodarone is a complex molecule with multiple pharmacologic properties and a complex electrophysiologic profile. Its disposition kinetics and relation between plasma drug concentration and efficacy can be analyzed using principles identical to those applicable to other antiarrhythmic drugs. However, the drug's affinity for lipophilic tissues, its extremely slow elimination rate, and the likelihood that some of its effects may not be mediated by the usual antiarrhythmic mechanisms confounds traditional pharmacokinetic analysis. Further data that deal with the fundamental mechanisms of action of the drug, in addition to the nature of the relation between dose and uptake into cellular and subcellular fractions and its pharmacologic effects, will be of value in understanding how the drug exerts salutary actions in cardiac arrhythmias.
Neotropical Ascomycetes. 1. Valsonectria cinnamomi in artificial culture

The new combination Valsonectria cinnamomi is proposed and the fungus is studied in culture. Ascospores germinated by forming yeast-like budding cells through fissures, eventually developing small colonies of hyaline conidia which germinated to form hyphae at the colony margins. Hyphae produced conidia holoblastically from numerous loci per cell. Some colonies formed thick, dark brown, mycelial threads composed of loose aggregates of hyphae in which the cells rounded up and disarticulated into arthrospore-like cells. Eventually, colonies produced stalk-like stromata which gave rise to the teleomorph at the apex. No conidiomata were formed.
Distributor attitudes toward manufacturer-sponsored promotions

Abstract Manufacturers often use push strategies in combination with their sales force to help secure distributor support in the marketing of products and services. Recent literature indicates that distributors have some critical attitudes toward manufacturer-sponsored promotions. This study examines the attitudes of medical supply distributors toward sales promotions. The findings reveal that distributors have criticisms of manufacturer-sponsored promotions and that distributor attitudes differ with the size of the distributor.
Guiding tourists to their ancestral homes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce measures of the motivation of tourists who travel to their ancestral homes. A set of learning exercises is presented for students and managers to apply understanding of these motives to tourism strategies.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a brief review of the literature of heritage tourism and the special segment concerning travel with genealogical objectives. Survey data on motives to seek out ancestors are provided with learning exercises to link motives to tourism planning.Findings – Data on the importance of multiple motives are presented with analytical measures of their overall importance levels and of differences between US and UK samples.Research limitations/implications – The motivational variables and data collection are primarily exploratory, focusing on samples that are interested in genealogy and heritage tourism. Further research could certainly be expanded to cover broader populations of tourists and genealogists.Practical ...
“There Isn't Wifi in Heaven!” Negotiating Visibility on Facebook Memorial Pages

Today, social network sites are a key site for public displays of connection and grieving. Mourners weigh the benefits of publicness with the problems associated with large and diverse audiences. The replicability, scalability, persistence, and searchability features of networked publics influence both how mourners grieve and their control over depictions of the deceased. This article analyzes a corpus of posts and comments on Facebook memorial pages (N = 37). We examine how the social and technical affordances of social media, and Facebook in particular, affect public displays of grief and portrayals of the deceased. The visibility of social media both encourages performative displays of mourning and allows wider audiences to pay respects. This openness allows for context collapse and potentially unwelcome participants such as “trolls.” We consider the ways in which the publicness of the SNS memorial page affects displays of grieving, specifically around efforts to engage in impression management of the ...
An Energy-Efficient Processor Architecture for Embedded Systems

We present an efficient programmable architecture for compute-intensive embedded applications. The processor architecture uses instruction registers to reduce the cost of delivering instructions, and a hierarchical and distributed data register organization to deliver data. Instruction registers capture instruction reuse and locality in inexpensive storage structures that arc located near to the functional units. The data register organization captures reuse and locality in different levels of the hierarchy to reduce the cost of delivering data. Exposed communication resources eliminate pipeline registers and control logic, and allow the compiler to schedule efficient instruction and data movement. The architecture keeps a significant fraction of instruction and data bandwidth local to the functional units, which reduces the cost of supplying instructions and data to large numbers of functional units. This architecture achieves an energy efficiency that is 23x greater than an embedded RISC processor.
Statistical Gain Characteristics of Radar Antennas at Very Short Fresnel Zone Distances

This paper extends the existing knowledge of statistical gain characteristics of radar antennas to include very short Fresnel zone ranges. The data indicate that the median gain and the standard deviation remain essentially the same as those observed in the Fraunhofer zone until the range begins to approach the physical dimensions of the antenna; however, as the range is decreased closer toward physical contact, the median gain decreases and the standard deviation increases. The site-effects tests which were conducted in the Fresnel zone indicate that the geometrical configuration of an object, the position of an object, and the clear-site median gain of an antenna help to determine the magnitude of the effects of objects on the clear-site statistical gain characteristics.
From Riches to Riches: Intergenerational Transfers and the Evidence from Estate Tax Returns*

Objective. Intergenerational transfers of wealth and ability can influence the distribution of wealth. This research examines the empirical relationships among intergenerational variables and cross-sectional wealth distribution. Methods. Models pioneered by Gary Becker set out the conditions necessary for regression to the mean in wealth across generations. However, empirical testing of such models has been incomplete because large, reliable, intergenerational data sets—especially with data from three generations—are hard to find. This article unveils a remarkable new source of intergenerationally linked data: federal estate tax records filed in Wisconsin from 1916 to 1981 and linked across three generations of families. Results. Wealth tends to regress to the mean at the top end of the distribution, but slowly. Consequently, wealth inequality in the United States is likely to persist. What is more, recent federal tax changes, particularly the repeal of the estate tax and the reduction in capital gains tax rates, will exacerbate cross-sectional wealth disparities. Conclusions. In the long run, intergenerational forces may help overcome inequalities in wealth across U.S. families. Empirical results suggest, however, that regression to the mean will occur quite slowly, and the long run could be long indeed.