cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It's a Fine Line...Deconstructing Youth At-Risk: Critical Ethnography as Pedagogy.

Using critical ethnography as a tool to engage teacher education students in the lives of their students and their communities, this article focuses on case studies of four veteran teachers who went through perceptual, pedagogical, and personal transformation during a graduate seminar. The cases provide a range of situations including a first grade teacher, a high school principal, a middle school teacher, and a teacher in a mental health hospital. Preconceptions of who is at risk are eradicated as they encounter the stories of the individuals with whom they work. Reflective analysis resulted in the student researchers' acknowledgment of their own marginality and vulnerability.
Carbon and Nutrient Cycling at the Sediment-water Boundary in Western Lake Superior

Organic carbon and nutrient settling rates, benthic recycling rates, and material burial rates were measured in the western arm of Lake Superior. Organic carbon settling rates, measured using particle-intercepting sediment traps, averaged 2.3 mmol m−2 day−1 over the course of the experiment. Measured particle settling fluxes exhibit a minimum during winter and a maximum during spring. Sediment oxygen uptake rates measured throughout the basin average 2.2 ± 0.8 mmol m−2 day−1 (n = 16) and nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus, and silicic acid efflux rates average 0.15 ± 0.07 (n = 25), 0.005 ± 0.006 (n = 23), and 1.34 ± 0.4 mmol m−2 day−1 (n = 26), respectively. Sediment solid-phase, particle settling rate, and benthic efflux data demonstrate that organic carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica are recycled at the sediment- water interface with an efficiency of ∼60% or greater in western Lake Superior. In contrast to these constituents, phosphorus recycling efficiency is lowest at sites close to the two major river inputs of (∼10%) and highest at our deepest site (∼40%). Despite these low recycling efficiencies for phosphorus, the benthic flux of phosphorous is an essential and dominant component to the lake's annual internal budget contributing ∼50% of the total annual phosphorus inputs to the water column.
Spectroscopic study of a model composite: Compressive behavior of the reinforcement fiber and the buildup of thermal residual stress

The compressive behavior of polydiacetylene (PDA) single-crystal fiber and the buildup of thermal residual stress in PDA/epoxy model composite systems have been studied by Raman-mechanical spectroscopy. The compressive failure of the PDA fiber has been directly observed when the macroscopic compressive stress, applied during a bending experiment, exceeds a critical value. Fiber failure in model composites caused by thermal residual stress can also be observed by Raman measurements as well as optical microscopy. In fact, the most clear indication of fiber failure was the observation of kink bands formed. The thermal residual stress buildup which resulted from significant temperature changes in this model composite have also been studied. Contrary to most accepted views, our analysis showed the adhesion between the reinforcement fiber to the epoxy matrix to be strong.
Continuous growth facilitates feeding and reproduction: impact of size on energy allocation patterns for organisms with indeterminate growth

Body size has great influence on feeding, reproduction, and ecological importance. This study measures growth, reproduction, and feeding for several northeastern Pacific intertidal invertebrates that have indeterminate growth. In all species studied, linear size (length, diameter) showed asymptotic growth fit by the von Bertalanffy growth function, supporting the notion that less energy is allocated to growth with age because of increased reproduction. However, these same species displayed a continuous, roughly linear increase in volume with age. Both reproductive output and food intake were shown to scale proportionally with volume. This indicates that some species with indeterminate growth do not reduce energy allocation to growth with age but instead display continuous volumetric growth that facilitates increases in feeding rate and reproductive output with age and size. A simple allometric model is proposed to describe constant volumetric growth rates and linear increases in reproduction with age.
Impact of temperature on juvenile growth and age at first egg-laying of the Pacific reef squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana reared in captivity

Cephalopod mollusks exhibit highly plastic life cycle traits influenced primarily by the interactive effects of food availability, light cycle and temperature, with the latter perhaps the most influential. Hatchlings of the tropical reef squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana were hatched from field-collected eggs in the laboratory and cultured at different temperatures to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth rates. All groups showed rapid, sustained growth rates from hatching to a size of 10–25 g. Beyond this size range, growth was slower and not clearly exponential in form. Growth rate was closely linked to temperature. Squids grown at approximately 27 °C attained a size of 10 g in as little as 45 days at sustained growth rates of 12.2% body weight day−1 (%bw day−1), while squids cultured at 20 °C required almost 100 days to attain the same size at rates of 5.7%bw day−1. At an age of 55 days and approximately 1 g body weight, juvenile squids cultured at 20 °C were able to accelerate growth rates from 5.7%bw day−1 to over 12%bw day−1 when temperature was raised to 27 °C. They maintained this growth rate to a size of about 10 g and an age of at least 75 days post-hatching, indicating that body size and not age is the limiting factor for this rapid post-hatching growth. By comparison, conspecifics cultured near 27 °C from hatching had shifted out of the rapid post-hatching growth phase by day 50 at sizes between 10 and 50 g. The hatchlings from temperate to subtropical Japan had consistently higher growth rates at comparable temperatures than hatchlings from tropical Okinawa. When plotted as growth rate versus temperature, the Japanese group had a clearly higher slope to the relationship than the tropical populations, equivalent to a 2%bw day−1 difference in growth rate at 25 °C. Age at first egg-laying was decreased at higher culture temperatures; however, overall life span was not.
Tra Proteins Characteristic of F-Like Type IV Secretion Systems Constitute an Interaction Group by Yeast Two-Hybrid Analysis

Using yeast two-hybrid screens, we have defined an interaction group of six Tra proteins encoded by the F plasmid and required by F(+) cells to elaborate F pili. The six proteins are TraH, TraF, TraW, TraU, TrbI, and TrbB. Except for TrbI, these proteins were all identified as hallmarks of F-like type IV secretion systems (TFSSs), with no homologues among TFSS genes of P-type or I-type systems (T. Lawley, W. Klimke, M. Gubbins, and L. Frost, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 224:1-15, 2003). Also with the exception of TrbI, which is an inner membrane protein, the remaining proteins are or are predicted to be periplasmic. TrbI consists of one membrane-spanning segment near its N terminus and an 88-residue, hydrophilic domain that extends into the periplasm. Hence, the proteins of this group probably form a periplasmic cluster in Escherichia coli. The interaction network identifies TraH as the most highly connected node, with two-hybrid links to TrbI, TraU, and TraF. As measured by transcriptional activation of lacZ, the TrbI-TraH interaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the TraH amino acid segment from residues 193 to 225. The TraU and TraF interactions are localized to C-terminal segments of TraH (amino acids 315 to 458 for TraF and amino acids 341 to 458 for TraU). The TrbI-TraH interaction with full-length (less the signal peptide) TraH is weak but increases 40-fold with N-terminal TraH deletions; the first 50 amino acids appear to be critical for inhibiting TrbI binding in yeast. Previous studies by others have shown that, with the exception of trbB mutations, which do not affect the elaboration or function of F pili under laboratory conditions, a mutation in any of the other genes in this interaction group alters the number or length distribution of F pili. We propose a model whereby one function of the TraH interaction group is to control F-pilus extension and retraction.
Windows 7: trials and tribulations

Giving up on something you know in order to risk the unknown usually proves to be a challenge. It is customary to have created a comfortable atmosphere of using what's now considered the old, but there is a demand for the new. So now is the time to learn, explore and ultimately understand the new. This new version of Windows is radically different from the old version. It requires much time, patience and planning, which in the Information Technology world is something we do not have. This requires us to collectively pool our experiences together and collaborate to achieve our goals.Windows XP has been around for a long time and most have become comfortable in developing and deploying it. Windows 7 offers a substantial upgrade from Windows XP in regards to features for users, but not necessarily for image developers. Image developers are discovering that creating a Windows 7 image is not an easy process compared to using Windows XP. It requires undergoing extensive test trials, researching new approaches to conduct old tasks, and giving up on features that can no longer be achieved using this new operating system.At Lewis & Clark College, we have migrated all of our PC computers and dual-boot labs to Windows 7 64-bit from Windows XP. We overcame many obstacles while striving to meet our goals. This paper will highlight the in-depth process it took to develop and deploy a Windows 7 image for our environment, including the researched documentation and resources that assisted us through our endeavor.
Effect of water deprivation and saline-induced thirst on the conditioned heart rate response of the rat

Abstract The heart rate of rats was recorded prior to and during conditioning under 21 and 45 hr of water deprivation. The conditioning groups showed significant cardiac accelerations though a reversal procedure was necessary to discriminate between the CR of the rats at the two deprivation levels. Following acquisition, the effects of water and of hypertonic saline injections were studied for their effect on basal HR and on the CR. Baseline HR was depressed markedly by saline and less so by water. The CR was potentiated by the saline and obliterated by the water. The conclusion drawn by previous investigators, that thirst induced by saline or deprivation resulted in a decelerative cardiac response, was seen, thus, to be founded on a specific depressive effect of saline. Variations in the level of thirst produced by saline or water appear to be best reflected by the amplitude of the conditional response. In Malmo's model, the latter is a resultant of the effects of the external conditions acting conjointly with the otherwise latent effect of the altered internal state.
Students access biology and art history images over campus network

In her 25 years of teaching biological sciences, Professor Mary Coyne has sought appropriate diagrams and images to illustrate the concepts of what she terms a visual discipline. Until recently, she used both slides and overhead transparencies during lectures – methods which she found inflexible, colorless, or boring. Moreover, these methods constantly thwarted her goal of new and better ways to illustrate a point. Frequent refocussing of the slide projector frustrated her by interrupting the flow of her lectures. Worse still was the scarcity of study review materials available for students. One slide carousel left on reserve at the library was never enough, nor was slide projection a practical study method.
Strong Darboux retracts

Abstract We define a metric compactum M to be an absolute strong Darboux retract (ASDR) if for each separable metric space X containing M there exists a Darboux retraction of X onto M which is continuous off M . The following conditions are shown to be equivalent: (1) M is an ASDR. (2) M contains a dense arc-component. (3) For each embedding e of M into the Hilbert cube Q , e ( M ) admits a Darboux retraction of Q which is continuous off e ( M ).
Paul in the Stoa Poecile: A Response to Troels Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (Oxford, 2010)

Troels Engberg-Pedersen offers ‘a coherent reading of Paul that reflects the best available conceptual tools for understanding the world, both his and ours’ (6). These tools include ancient Stoicism, which illuminates the material character of pneuma, and the writings of contemporary theorists Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu, which provide heuristic keys to the interpretation of Paul. This response offers sustained analysis followed by three substantive critiques of Engberg-Pedersen’s use of Stoicism to explain Pauline pneumatology. (1) The Stoic models he constructs do not adequately explain Pauline pneumatology. (2) Stoic models that do not align with his conception of pneuma in Stoicism are neglected. (3) Neglected as well are key texts from Paul’s Jewish heritage—Hebrew Bible, Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls—though in principle Engberg-Pedersen acknowledges the indispensability of this heritage.
Adenosine A2 receptor-mediated excitation of a subset of AH/Type 2 neurons and elevation of cAMP levels in myenteric ganglia of guinea-pig ileum

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that excitatory A2 and inhibitory A1 receptors coexist on myenteric AHIType 2 neurons, and are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase to stimulate cAMP formation. The A2 agonists NECA and CGS 21680 increased excitability and depolarized the membrane in 40% of 71 AH/Type 2 neurons. In the remainder, the agonists depressed excitability and hyperpolarized the neurons. In 13% of neurons, A2 agonists caused a concentration-dependent depolarization at nanomolar concentrations, followed by hyperpolarization at higher concentrations. CGS 21680 (EC50=0.15 nM) was 133-fold more potent than NECA (EC50= 20 nM) in depolarizing AH/Type 2 neurons. The A1 agonist, CCPA, caused hyperpolarization and depressed excitability in more than 90% of neurons. The potency profile of agonists for depolarization was CGS 21680 ≫ NECA ≫> CCPA. NECA augmented at nanomolar and inhibited at micromolar concentrations, excitatory depolarizing responses to forskolin in AH/Type 2 neurons; whereas, CCPA only inhibited the action of forskolin. In parallel studies on enzymatically dissociated myenteric ganglia, when the ganglia were exposed to priming concentrations of forskolin (5 μM) in the presence of Ro-20 1724, NECA enhanced the stimulatory action of forskolin on CAMP formation. This effect was abolished by the adenosine receptor antagonist DPSPX. The potency of NECA for stimulation of adenylate cyclase equalled that for depolarization of the AH/Type 2 neurons. The results suggest that high affinity excitutory A2 receptors are coupled to adenylate cyclase in a minority subset of AH/Type 2 myenteric neurons, and that inhibitory A1 and excitatory A2 receptors are co-localized on some AH/Type 2 neurons.
Stock-rationing policy for a make-to-stock production system with two priority classes and backordering

This article considers the problem of production control and stock rationing in a make-to-stock production system with two priority customer classes and backordering. The problem is formulated as a queueing control model. With Poisson arrivals and exponential production times, we show that the optimal production control and stock-rationing policies can be characterized by a single, monotone switching curve. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 457–472, 1997
SU-GG-J-119: Localization Accuracy of Target Verification System Using Digitial Tomosynthesis (DTS)

Purposes: A research platform was developed for target verification using digital tomosynthesis (DTS). To verify its accuracy, a phantom study was conducted and several clinical cases were investigated. Method and Materials: customer‐developed reconstruction and image registration algorithms were implemented in this platform. The existing image reviewing software was employed for the purpose of manual registration. Phantom study was conducted to investigate the target localization accuracy using DTS with respect to different simulated shifts along three directions. In real clinical cases, the registration results of both CBCT‐based and DTS‐based methods were achieved and compared for identify their equivalency. Results: with respect to different simulated shifts of phantom ranging from 1 cm to 5 cm, the high target localization accuracy was obtained which is within 1 mm. The comparison between CBCT‐based and DTS‐based registration results on clinical cases shows that they are nearly identical. The maximal different is less than 0.5 mm and averagely 0.1 mm over three dimensions was observed. Conclusion: DTS is an effective way for fast target localization. With properly setting, the high registration accuracy comparable to CBCT can be achieved. Currently, more effects related to acquisition mode, scan angles, and reconstruction slice thickness, were under investigation. It is expected to present interested user a clear guidance on how to use this new image modality more effectively for image‐guidedradiotherapy. Acknowledgements: this study was supported by NIH grant (R21‐CA128368).
Quantitative cytophotometric studies of nuclear protein in Vicia faba following acute irradiation.

Abstract Germinating seeds of Vicia faba were exposed to 1000 R of X-rays. Nuclei from the primary root meristems of the irradiated seedlings as well as from non-irradiated controls were isolated, smeared on slides and air dried. Total nuclear protein was stained with pH 2.8 fast green FCF and by the ninhydrin-Schiff method. Histones were visualized by staining with pH 8.2 fast green FCF and sulfhydryl and disulfide containing proteins by staining with mercury orange. Cytophotometric measurements of irradiated nuclei indicated an increase in total nuclear protein over controls during the post-irradiation period in which chromosomal rejoining occurs. No change in the amount of histones was noted. Protein-bound sulfhydryl and disulfide groups increased slightly during the restitution period with a subsequent return to control level at the close of this time interval. The rise in total nuclear protein was attributed primarily to proteins of the nucleoplasm rather than to those of the chromosomes.
Solid Lubricants: How They Work and Where to Use Them

Solid lubricants technology is a burgeoning field that deserves the attention of the designer of machines and devices that will operate in ordinary as well as in extreme environments. This article describes solid lubrication processes, the mechanisms by which solid lubricants function, the properties of solid lubricants, and the materials involved in solid lubrication and techniques for their application. Self-lubricating composites containing solid lubricants are described, which are useful as maintenance-free gears, bearings, and commutator brushes. Reliability of solid lubrication and wear life of solid-film lubricants are being improved by designing machine elements specifically to employ solid lubricants and by careful matching of the solid lubricant with the substrate bearing material.
Glutamate and tumor-associated epilepsy: Glial cell dysfunction in the peritumoral environment

Seizures are a serious and debilitating co-morbidity of primary brain tumors that affect most patients, yet their etiology is poorly understood. In many CNS pathologies, including epilepsy and brain injury, high levels of extracellular glutamate have been implicated in seizure generation. It has been shown that gliomas release neurotoxic levels of glutamate through their high expression of system xc-. More recently it was shown that the surrounding peritumoral cortex is spontaneously hyperexcitable. In this review, we discuss how gliomas induce changes in the surrounding environment that may further contribute to elevated extracellular glutamate and tumor-associated seizures. Peritumoral astrocytes become reactive and lose their ability to remove glutamate, while microglia, in response to signals from glioma cells, may release glutamate. In addition, gliomas increase blood brain barrier permeability, allowing seizure-inducing serum components, including glutamate, into the peritumoral region. These factors, working together or alone, may influence the frequency and severity of tumor-associated epilepsy.
Race(ing) Stories: Digital Storytelling as a Tool for Critical Race Scholarship.

This article investigates the use of digital storytelling as a medium for exploring the significance of race in the educational experiences of youth. A critical race theory (CRT) framework is utilized because CRT places race at the center of social analysis and values the everyday experiences of people of color. The author focuses on two US high school students who created digital stories and shows how the students grappled with the ways race shaped identities and institutional structures in their educational contexts. The author also highlights the ways in which the students represented themselves through stories that countered normalized discourses about race. The author concludes that the digital storytelling medium, combined with a CRT framework, can be a valuable tool for initiating conversations about the raced experiences of youth and can provide valuable knowledge for those working towards greater racial justice within educational contexts.
Structure and Mechanism of the Genomically Encoded Fosfomycin Resistance Protein, FosX, from Listeria monocytogenes.

The fosfomycin resistance protein, FosX, catalyzes the hydration of the antibiotic fosfomycin, (1R,2S)-epoxypropylphosphonic acid. Genes encoding the enzyme are found in several pathogenic microorg...
T Cells Overexpressing Interferon-γ and Interleukin-10 Are Found in Both the Thymus and Secondary Lymphoid Tissues of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Cats

Similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) replicates in the thymus of infected animals, causing marked alteration in thymic lymphocyte subpopulations. The immune phenotype and cytokine patterns in the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues of FIV-infected cats were investigated. FIV infection caused an acute-stage transient reduction in CD4CD8 double-positive thymocytes, a marked increase in CD8 single-positive thymocytes, and formation of thymic B cell lymphoid follicles. Interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA were up-regulated in both the thymus and lymph nodes of FIV-infected cats. Analysis of purified CD4 and CD8 cells revealed that CD4 cells produced most of the IL-10, whereas IFN-gamma was produced by both subsets. Quantitative-competitive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that thymocytes, especially CD4CD8 thymocytes, had much greater levels of gag mRNA than did lymph node T cells. Thus, overexpression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 is a feature of the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues of FIV-infected cats.
Formulas for calculating the calorific value of coal and coal chars: Development, tests, and uses

Abstract A new formula for calculating the calorific value of coal from its ultimate analysis has been obtained by regression analysis of a data bank consisting of data on 775 samples of U.S. coals of all ranks. It yielded zero average difference between observed and calculated values and a standard deviation of 129 Btu/lb (300 kJ/kg). Neither average difference nor standard deviation varied much with rank of the coal. The Dulong, Mott-Spooner, Boie, and Grummel-Davies formulae were also tested with the data but gave substantially poorer results. The new formula has been substantiated with data from other laboratories and with data on chars. The distribution of variance, attributable to variability of mineral matter, variability of coal organic matter not related to rank, and variance of laboratory determinations was estimated. Use of the formula to monitor performance of a laboratory is illustrated, as is modification to obtain maximum precision in heat balance calculations on a coal conversion process.
Application of classical versus bayesian statistical control charts to on-line radiological monitoring

False positive and false negative incidence rates of radiological monitoring data from classical and Bayesian statistical process control chart techniques are compared. The on-line monitoring for illicit radioactive material with no false positives or false negatives is the goal of homeland security monitoring, but is unrealistic. However, statistical fluctuations in the detector signal, short detection times, large source to detector distances, and shielding effects make distinguishing between a radiation source and natural background particularly difficult. Experimental time series data were collected using a 1″ × 1″ LaCl3(Ce) based scintillation detector (Scionix, Orlando, FL) under various simulated conditions. Experimental parameters include radionuclide (gamma-ray) energy, activity, density thickness (source to detector distance and shielding), time, and temperature. All statistical algorithms were developed using MATLAB™. The Shewhart (3-σ) control chart and the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart are the classical procedures adopted, while the Bayesian technique is the Shiryayev–Roberts (S–R) control chart. The Shiryayev–Roberts method was the best method for controlling the number of false positive detects, followed by the CUSUM method. However, The Shiryayev–Roberts method, used without modification, resulted in one of the highest false negative incidence rates independent of the signal strength. Modification of The Shiryayev–Roberts statistical analysis method reduced the number of false negatives, but resulted in an increase in the false positive incidence rate.
Support vector machine regression analysis of LHD failures

Load-haul-dump (LHD) machines are the main material handling equipment in underground mines. Reliability analysis of the machine, in the form of forecasting the time between failures (TBFs), is a reliability index for scheduling, preventive maintenance. Support vector regression (SVR) was employed for reliability analysis of an LHD unit. The LHD’s engine was detected as the most critical system by a Pareto analysis. TBFs of 32 failures were obtained. Twenty-five records were used for SVR modelling and the remaining for testing. Mean absolute percentage error value of less than 2% was achieved, which demonstrated the applicability of SVR.
The dynamics of photodissociation of the gas phase N2O·H2O)+ cluster ion

Abstract The photodissociation dynamics of the positive cluster ion of N 2 O and H 2 O have been examined for the wavelength range 657–458 nm (1.89–2.71 eV). The major products at all wavelengths are N 2 O + H 2 O, which are formed by excitation to a repulsive upper surface followed by rapid dissociation. The next most abundant products are H 2 O + N 2 O, which are formed predominantly by rapid dissociation from a repulsive surface. At the longest wavelength (657 nm), there is evidence for a second mechanism for production of H 2 O + + N 2 O, possibly involving a bound excited state. A minor N 2 OH + + OH channel is observed at all wavelengths, and arises by vibrational predissociation in the ground state after photoexcitation to a bound excited state. Molecular orbital calculations indicate that at least two isomers of the cluster ion exist on the ground state potential energy surface. One isomer is best represented as N 2 O + · H 2 O and is a logical precursor for the N 2 O + /H 2 O products and the major portion of the H 2 O + /N 2 O products that is formed by a repulsive dissociation mechanism. The second isomer is N 2 OH + ·OH, probably the precursor for the N 2 OH + /OH products and perhaps a minor portion of the H 2 O + /N 2 O products observed from excitation at 657 nm. Phase space modeling of the N 2 OH + kinetic energy release distribution suggests a binding energy of about 1.2 eV for the N 2 OH + ·OH cluster. The relative binding energy from ab initio calculations suggests that the N 2 O + /H 2 O cluster is bound by about 0.5 eV. Mechanisms for formation of the observed photofragments are proposed.
Aromatase inhibitors for therapy of advanced breast cancer.

Abstract In postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, numerous phase III trials have been performed comparing the third-generation non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (NS-AIs) anastrozole and letrozole and the steroidal AI (S-AI) exemestane in the “first-line” setting against tamoxifen and in the “second-line” setting against megestrol acetate. In both settings, the AIs were at least as efficacious or superior in some endpoints with a preferable toxicity profile including a lower incidence of thrombotic events. Relatively small differences in potency between the three AIs have been identified and it has not been demonstrated that these differences have clinical implications. The recent establishment of the value of AIs in the adjuvant setting for postmenopausal women will impact on their utilization in advanced disease. In premenopausal women the third-generation AIs have not been studied as monotherapy and there is a paucity of data in combination with ovarian function suppression in the advanced disease setting. The main area of future investigations for the AIs in premenopausal women will be in the adjuvant therapy setting in combination with suppression of ovarian function.
Syntactic complexity and elaborative processing

Memory for sentences as a function of the syntactic complexity of the sentences was examined. Sentence complexity was varied through a manipulation that involved presenting sentences in either self-embedded forms or more standard forms. Subjects performed an incidental semantic orienting task on a set of sentences varying in complexity and were subsequently tested for their recognition memory of the sentences. In Experiment 1, subjects were tested for their memory of both surface characteristics and meaning of the sentences. There were no differences caused by sentence complexity for memory for meaning. Memory for surface structure, however, was a function of sentence complexity such that there was better memory for the more complex sentences. Experiment 2 replicated the finding that the more complex sentences produced better recognition memory for surface structure. The results are interpreted within a framework that suggests that increased syntactic complexity produces more elaboration, which in turn produces better memory.
Information processing among non-clinical compulsives.

Abstract Non-clinical compulsive and non-compulsive Ss participated in an information processing task involving categorization. Consistent with the ‘complex concepts’ hypothesis, compulsives took longer to sort items into categories than non-compulsives. However, compulsives did not sort items into a larger number of categories. Thus the observed deficit may be due to slowness in general information processing, slowness in a specific form of information processing (complex concepts) or slowness in response processing. Consistent with previous work on cognitive deficits in compulsives, the effects were present for Ss scoring high on the MOCI-Check subscale but not for Ss scoring high on the MOCI-Wash subscale.
Deficits in mouse-killing following trigeminal lesions in the rat

Lesions of the trigeminal somatosensory system were produced in adult male hooded rats that would spontaneously kill C57B1/6 mice (i.e., natural killers). The mouse-killing behavior was assessed by the speed of the initial attack (1/latency in seconds), reflecting the release of the behavior, and the speed and efficiency (1/number of attacks to kill) of killing. Ten-minute test sessions were given once every 2–4 days, 3–4 times prior to trigeminal or control surgery and again 5–6 times following surgery. In three experiments, it was found that lesions of the medial ventrobasal thalamic complex (VBm), trigeminal sensory root, or infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve decreased the speed and efficiency of killing. In rats that were induced to kill by food deprivation and were tested while food-deprived, the trigeminal sensory root lesions had the same effects, although the impairment of killing speed was not as marked. Only the VBm lesions decreased the initial attack speeds, and this deficit was attenuated by 2 weeks following surgery. It is concluded that perioral somatosensory cues normally guide the mouse-killing behavior but are not necessary for initiation of attack behavior.
Yttrium(III) oxoisopropoxide: A new synthetic route and reinvestigation of the 1H, 13C and 89Y NMR of Y5(μ5‐O)(μ3‐OiPr)4(μ2‐OiPr)4(O iPr)5

Yttrium(III) oxoisopropoxide, Y 5 O(O i Pr) 13 , was synthesized via a new synthetic route and characterized by mass spectrometry and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Extensive 1 H, 13 C and 89 Y NMR studies with full assignments are reported
A 60-kD protein mediates the binding of transforming growth factor-beta to cell surface and extracellular matrix proteoglycans

The biological activity of many cytokines is regulated by binding proteins present at the cell surface, in extracellular matrices or in soluble phase. We describe here a TGF-beta binding protein that is both an extracellular matrix and a cell surface protein. When intact extracellular matrices of HEP-G2 cells were affinity cross-linked with 125I-TGF-beta 1, two major binding components were seen: a 250-kD, proteoglycan-like molecule, presumed to be betaglycan, and a 60-kD protein. The 60-kD TGF-beta-binding protein was also present at the cell surface. It could be released from the cell surface by treating cells with high salt, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, heparitinase, or chondroitinase, indicating that it is bound to heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. The 60-kD protein bound TGF-beta 1 with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.6 nM, and there were 30,000 binding sites per cell at the cell surface. In addition to the HEP-G2 cells and another hepatoma cell line, the 60-kD protein was also found in a human colon carcinoma (HT-29) cell line but not in rat kidney (NRK-49F) or human fibroblast (HUT-12) cell lines. The 60-kD protein could be extracted from cells containing it and transferred to the surface of previously negative cells. The 60-kD protein may serve to regulate the binding of TGF-beta to its signal transducing receptors by targeting TGF-beta to appropriate locations in the microenvironment of cells.
Experimental study of dissociative attachment in H 2 : Effects of vibrational excitation

Dissociative electron attachment (DA) to ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ has been studied by measuring the outgoing kinetic energies of the ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}{(1s}^{2}),$ with $\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{nl})$ in $n=1$ and 2 exit channels. The electron energies ${E}_{e}$ studied are 3\char21{}16 eV. Effects of vibration-rotation population in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ are seen, and the DA results herein are modeled in terms of known cross sections for attachment from ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}{(v}^{\ensuremath{''}}{,J}^{\ensuremath{''}}).$ Use is made of magnetically confined electron and ion beams with trochoidal deflection to measure outgoing ion energies.
Creative Problem Solving and Problem Finding in Young Adults: Interconnections with Stress, Hassles, and Coping Abilities.

This study examined the relationship among creative problem solving (PS) and problem generation (PG) abilities, stress and daily hassles, and coping skills in a sample of college undergraduates. Heirarchical regression analyses indicated that separate sets of both PS and PS task scores were predictive of scores on certain coping scales even after the variance accounted for by indices of stress and hassles was removed. Specifically, PG and PS abilities were negatively related to such coping processes as confrontation, distancing, escape-avoidance tendencies, and excessive acceptance of responsibility, and positively associated with more general adaptive qualities. The findings strongly suggest that PS and PG abilities are important components of an individual's overall capacity to cope with both major and minor stresses of life.
Lessons Learned Coaching Teachers in Behavior Management: The PBISplus Coaching Model

There is growing interest in coaching as a means of promoting professional development and the use of evidence-based practices in schools. This article describes the PBISplus coaching model used to provide technical assistance for classroom- and school-wide behavior management to elementary schools over the course of 3 years. This Tier 2 coaching model was implemented within the context of school-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) and tested in a 42-school, randomized controlled trial. We summarize some of the lessons learned by coaches regarding their efforts to gain access to the administrators, teachers, and student support staff in order to effect change and improve student outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of ways to successfully collaborate with teachers to promote effective classroom- and school-wide behavior management.
Management of massive intractable hematuria A simple method

Abstract Hemorrhagic cystitis with massive hematuria is a serious complication of cyclophosphamide or radiation therapy. The bleeding is usually from the telangiectatic capillaries located beneath the urothelium. Several modalities of treatment to save the patient's life range from surgical procedures such as cystectomy, urinary diversion, and ligation of hypogastric arteries to cauterization. We believe instillation of formaldehyde solution can be used in poor-risk patients to control bleeding in life-threatening situations when attempts to control intractable bleeding with other conservative methods have failed. However, since experience is limited, the procedure should be used with extreme caution.
Spatial scan statistics in loglinear models

The likelihood ratio spatial scan statistic has been widely used in spatial disease surveillance and spatial cluster detection applications. In order to better understand cluster mechanisms, an equivalent model-based approach is proposed to the spatial scan statistic that unifies currently loosely coupled methods for including ecological covariates in the spatial scan test. In addition, the utility of the model-based approach with a Wald-based scan statistic is demonstrated to account for overdispersion and heterogeneity in background rates. Simulation and case studies show that both the likelihood ratio-based and Wald-based scan statistics are comparable with the original spatial scan statistic.
Cooling Intrinsically Stable Superconducting Magnets with Supercritical Helium

A number of papers have been written suggesting that superconducting magnets could be cooled by using supercritical helium (helium at pressures above the critical pressure of 2.2 atm). Nearly all schemes for using supercritical helium involve circulating helium inside fully stabilized hollow superconductors. This paper describes a supercritical helium-cooled magnet which is quite different. This magnet, built at LRL, utilizes an intrinsically stable, low-ac-loss superconductor. The heat generated with the coil is conducted to supercritical helium cooling tubes which are adjacent to the magnet coil. (Several superconducting synchrotron groups have suggested this method for cooling pulsed magnets.) This paper describes the experimental equipment, which differs considerably from the normal superconducting magnet system. The problems associated with cooling the magnet are discussed, and the operating characteristics of the coil are presented. In conclusion, the paper presents some of the advantages and limitations involved with this type of magnet cooling.
Possible mechanism of chrysotile asbestos-stimulated superoxide anion production in guinea pig alveolar macrophages.

Excessive production of active oxygen radicals by macrophages is proposed to play an important role in asbestos-related diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the capacity and mechanisms of action of various forms of asbestos to stimulate superoxide anion production by guinea pig alveolar macrophages. Chrysotile, but not the amphiboles (crocidolite, anthophyllite, or amosite), stimulated a rapid (<1 min) and dose-dependent (2.5–50 μg/ml) production of superoxide anion at noncytotoxic doses (2.5 to 25 μg/ml). The stimulation of superoxide anion production by chrysotile could be blocked by putative protein kinase C inhibitors (staurosporine, sphingosine, and fluphenazine). Chrysotile also stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover as measured using 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids, [3H]-diacylglycerol levels, and intracellular calcium mobilization as measured using fura-2 and 45Ca. In addition, pertussis toxin partially blocked chrysotile-stimulated superoxide anion production. We conclude that the mechanism of guinea pig alveolar macrophage stimulation by chrysotile, but not the amphibole asbestos forms, is consistent with a mechanism which is similar to that used by agonists such as N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe resulting in stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover, calcium mobilization, and activation of protein kinase C.
A Comparison of FPS-16 and GMD-1 Measurements and Methods for Processing Wind Data

Vector winds computed from GMD-1 and FPS-16 radar tracking data indicate accurate wind macro- and mesoscale resolution from GMD data
Male circumcision as an HIV prevention intervention in the U.S.: Influence of health care providers and potential for risk compensation.

Abstract Objective. The study aims to assess the acceptability of male circumcision as an HIV prevention intervention and the potential for risk compensation in the continental U.S. Methods. ConsumerStyles 2008 survey was used to identify correlates of 1) a “likely” or “very likely” response among uncircumcised men to “How likely are you to get circumcised if your health care provider told you that circumcision would reduce your chance of becoming HIV infected?” and 2) agreement or neutrality with a statement indicating that given the protective effects of circumcision for heterosexual men shown by research, men do not have to worry about risks like not wearing condoms during sex or having more sex partners (assessed potential for risk compensation). Results. Response rate was 50.6% (10,108/19,996). Overall, 13.1% of uncircumcised men reported they would be likely to get circumcised if their health care provider told them it would reduce the risk of HIV infection through sex with infected women. Nearly 18% of all men responded in a way indicating a potential for risk compensation if circumcised. Conclusions. Tailored educational materials about the benefits and risks, including risk compensation, associated with male circumcision as an HIV prevention intervention should be made available to health care providers and specific groups.
Monitoring Metabolic Responses in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae using Fluorescence-Based Detection of NADH Conformation

Metabolic co-factors such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are fluorescent and can be used to monitor cellular metabolism related to respiration and mitochondrial function. While fluorometric monitoring typically focuses on total NADH concentration, it is the free, as opposed to protein-bound, NADH pool that couples the various biochemical reactions (e.g., involving dehydrogenases) and that is the determinant of reaction velocities. Thus the level of free versus protein-bound NADH is an important physiologic parameter for monitoring metabolic responses. This work explores changes in intracellular NADH conformation when S. cerevisiae (baker's yeast) is subject to various metabolic modifiers (including cyanide, FCCP, glucose, and ethanol) and various oxygenation levels. NADH tends to exist in a folded conformation when free and an unfolded conformation when protein bound, with the excited-state emission shifting to shorter wavelengths upon unfolding. Thus we excite intracellular NADH at 337-nm wavelength using a nitrogen laser, recording the emission spectrum in real time using a spectrograph coupled to an intensified CCD detector. Results indicate that when NADH concentration increases or decreases, the proportion of free NADH increases or decreases as well, although there are differences in the time course of the two measures.
Mineral endowment, labor productivity, and comparative advantage in mining

Labor productivity in the U.S. copper mining industry tripled between 1975 and 1995, allowing the industry to recover its comparative advantage. Mine level data on output and labor input indicate that over three-quarters of this increase came from labor productivity growth at individual mines, and less than a quarter from shifts in output from low- to high-productivity mines. This finding supports the hypothesis that new technology and innovation are as important or more important than mineral endowment in shaping labor productivity trends and comparative advantage in mining.
The “Austrian” School of Strategy

Although traditional industrial organization continues to serve as one of the conceptual foundations for strategic thinking and research, many of its premises have come under widespread criticism. Industrial organization largely ignores, despite their importance, change, uncertainty, and disequilibrium in the business environment. Because these fundamental characteristics are cornerstones of the Austrian School of Economics, this doctrine offers unique strategic perspectives. The Austrian emphasis on “the market process” and entrepreneurial discovery establishes a framework for both strategy formulation and research.
A simple stochastic model for yielding in specimens with limited number of dislocations

Abstract A simple statistical model is developed based on a random distribution and orientation of dislocations in order to explain recent experimental observations of the strength of small specimens containing a limited number of dislocations. Two different types of randomness are introduced, namely, randomness in the spatial location of the dislocations and randomness in the stress needed to activate them. For convenience, the randomness in the activation stress is modeled by assigning a random Schmid factor to the dislocations. In contrast to previous stochastic models, the current model predicts the yield strength not only in the presence of dislocations but also in their absence. Furthermore, the model predicts the scatter in the yield strength in addition to the mean. The model is found to quantitatively explain the yield strength and scatter in micro-compression/tension tests of Mo-alloy fibers using dislocation densities and arrangements measured by transmission electron microscopy. The results of Brenner’s classic tensile tests on metallic whiskers are qualitatively reconciled. The model adds credence to the notion that “smaller is stronger” from a purely statistical point of view.