cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilization of an Animated Electronic Health Video to Increase Knowledge of Post- and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Among African American Women: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Despite renewed focus on biomedical prevention strategies since the publication of several clinical trials highlighting the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), knowledge of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and PrEP continues to remain scarce among women, especially among African American women who are disproportionally affected by HIV. In an effort to address this barrier and encourage uptake of PEP and PrEP, an electronic health (eHealth) video was created using an entertainment-education format. Objective: The study aimed to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and preference of an avatar-led, eHealth video, PEP and PrEP for Women, to increase awareness and knowledge of PEP and PrEP for HIV in a sample of African American women. Methods: A cross-sectional, Web-based study was conducted with 116 African American women aged 18 to 61 years to measure participants’ perceived acceptability of the video on a 5-point scale: poor, fair, good, very good, and excellent. Backward stepwise regression was used to the find the outcome variable of a higher rating of the PEP and PrEP for Women video. Thematic analysis was conducted to explore the reasons for recommending the video to others after watching the eHealth video. Results: Overall, 89% of the participants rated the video as good or higher. A higher rating of the educational video was significantly predicted by: no current use of drugs/alcohol (beta=−.814; P=.004), not having unprotected sex in the last 3 months (beta=−.488; P=.03), higher income (beta=.149; P=.03), lower level of education (beta=−.267; P=.005), and lower exposure to sexual assault since the age of 18 years (beta=−.313; P=.004). After watching the eHealth video, reasons for recommending the video included the video being educational, entertaining, and suitable for women. Conclusions: Utilization of an avatar-led eHealth video fostered education about PEP and PrEP among African American women who have experienced insufficient outreach for biomedical HIV strategies. This approach can be leveraged to increase awareness and usage among African American women.
1265-P: The Paradox of Care Delivery for Type 1 Diabetes in Primary Care Settings: A Call for Interventions to Reduce Health Disparities

Adults and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the U.S. do not meet targets for HbA1c. These deficits are even more pronounced based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES). Most studies on T1D health outcomes focus on data from endocrinology clinics, yet, primary care clinics play a central role in the management of patients, especially those affected by health disparities. To better understand barriers for individuals with T1D in primary care settings, survey research was conducted with 110 Primary Care Providers (PCPs) in Florida (n=52) and California (n=58) using publicly available state-wide provider directories. Surveys were completed by PCPs in a range of settings including solo (20%), multi-specialty group (35%), single-specialty group (21%), hospital/hospital-owned systems (12%) and ‘other’ (12%). For pediatric T1D populations, 58% of PCPs reported referring children to endocrinologists for diabetes care and only 45% checked HbA1c for children with T1D during clinic visits. For adult T1D populations, 30% of PCPs referred patients to endocrinologists and 65% checked for HbA1c. Overall, providers expressed a lack of confidence in caring for T1D patients, especially when it came to technologies like CGMs (only 28% said they were “moderately” or “extremely” confident herein) and insulin pumps (only 17% said they were “moderately” or “extremely” confident). The lack of confidence surrounding diabetes-technologies was especially evident for PCPs in practice 1-10 years or 31+ years (p Disclosure A.F. Walker: None. N. Cuttriss: None. M.J. Haller: Advisory Panel; Self; Pancreum, SAB Biotherapeutics. K. Yabut: None. C. Anez-Zabala: None. R. Lal: Consultant; Self; Abbott. E. Sheehan: None. M. Basina: None. K.K. Hood: Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute. A. Bernier: None. L.G. Baer: None. S.L. Filipp: None. C. Wang: None. M. Town: None. M.J. Gurka: None. D.M. Maahs: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Consultant; Self; Abbott, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. Funding The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
Eating Disorder Pathology Among Individuals Living with Food Insecurity: A Replication Study

Eating disorders (EDs) are stereotypically associated with thin, White, affluent women and girls. One result of the ED stereotype has been a relative dearth of ED research with marginalized communi...
Surgical Strategies for the Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy.

Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is one of the most common Achilles tendon disorders and often results in substantial heel pain and functional disability. There is consensus that treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy should start with nonoperative modalities. Surgery should be reserved for patients who fail exhaustive conservative treatment for a period of 3 months to 6 months and include debridement of insertional calcifications. Intratendinous degenerative tissue should be debrided and any Haglund deformity resected. Different surgical techniques have been described for reattachment of the distal Achilles tendon. The authors' preferred surgical technique includes the knotless double-row footprint reconstruction. Postoperative complications are not rare.
The next chapter of human–plague science

In PNAS, Jones et al. (1) provide an expert history of human–plague interactions across central Asia, and we support their thesis that zoonotic systems are best regulated using “control” rather than “eradication” strategies. Nonetheless, a control strategy is incomplete if it fails to acknowledge the critical role that modern biospecimen infrastructure plays in revealing historic and ongoing oscillations of host–pathogen systems. Recent environmental changes unique to central Asia (2), coupled with intensification of cultural and economic exchange in the region (i.e., China’s Belt and Road Initiative; ref. 3) demand approaches to pathogen control that are informed by the historic and … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: bryansmclean{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Selection of Server-Side Technologies for an E-Business Curriculum.

The rapid growth of e-business and e-commerce has made server-side programming an increasingly important topic in information systems (IS) and computer science (CS) curricula. This article presents an overview of the major features of several popular server-side programming technologies and discusses the factors that influence the selection of server-side programming for teaching e-business curriculum. The factors include the capabilities of the technology, its complexity, infrastructure requirements, fit within the broader curriculum, market share, employer demand, and the availability of supporting resources such as books and on-line help. It concludes with a brief description of the decision-making process at Western Washington University (WWU).
Management of Adults With Normally Functioning Congenitally Bicuspid Aortic Valves and Dilated Ascending Aortas.

We describe herein a 65-year-old woman who underwent resection of a dilated (5.1 cm) ascending aorta associated with a normally functioning congenitally bicuspid aortic valve. The patient provided the framework to discuss proper management—operative versus nonoperative—of the dilated ascending aorta associated with a normally functioning bicuspid aortic valve. Unfortunately, there is inadequate data to provide an unequivocal answer to this dilemma. Operative intervention requires that the short-term risk of the prophylactic procedure be considerably lower than the long-term risk of aortic dissection/rupture without operative intervention. Because there is no proof that operative intervention provides less morbidity and lower mortality, nonoperative management at this time seems to be the better approach.
Upper Extremity Injuries in Gymnasts

The upper extremity is subjected to extreme forces in gymnastics, leading to a substantial number of injuries. Males have a higher incidence of upper extremity injuries than females, and shoulder injuries are the most common. In females, wrist injuries predominate. The fact that most gymnasts are adolescents also influences the types of injuries seen. This chapter focuses on common upper extremity injuries seen in gymnasts: rotator cuff injuries, labral tears and multidirectional instability; chronic medial and lateral elbow injuries including ulnar collateral ligament injuries, Panner and osteochondritis dissecans; gymnast’s wrist, ulnar-sided wrist injuries, and carpal instability.
A woodcut retold: Visual memory in Garcilaso’s “Ode ad florem Gnidi”

AbstractThis essay considers the internal chronology of the myth exemplum in Garcilaso de la Vega’s “Ode ad florem Gnidi.” A close reading suggests that the exemplum, an imitation of Ovid’s myth of...
Determination of Molecular and “Truly” Free Sulfur Dioxide in Wine: A Comparison of Headspace and Conventional Methods

Conventional methods such as Ripper titration and aeration-oxidation (A-O) are widely used for the analysis of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in wine. However, the free SO2 reported by these procedures is overestimated due to dissociation of weakly bound SO2 forms during the analysis, particularly from anthocyanin-bisulfite complexes. “Truly” free SO2 in wine can be determined from the headspace SO2 concentration of an equilibrated wine sample. A headspace SO2 method based on gas detection tubes (HS-GDT) was recently described but is not readily automated. While solid phase microextraction (SPME) yielded poor precision in our experiments, our new method, based on static headspace gas chromatography and sulfur chemiluminescence detection (HS-GC-SCD), is readily automated and achieves high precision (
Stabilization of soybean oil-in-water emulsions using polypeptide multilayers: Cationic polylysine and anionic polyglutamic acid.

Abstract Oil-in-water emulsions are used as delivery systems for non-polar functional ingredients in various industries, including foods, cosmetics, personal care products, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Emulsions, however, tend to breakdown under the conditions found in many commercial products. In this study, the functional performance of the lipid droplets in emulsions was tailored by sequential layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition of oppositely charged polypeptides onto their surfaces. Cationic poly-L-lysine (PLL) and anionic poly-glutamic acid (PGA) were used as a pair of oppositely charged polypeptides (pH 4.0). First, a primary emulsion (10% w/w soybean oil-in-water emulsion) was formed consisting of small lipid droplets (d32 = 500 µm) coated by a natural surfactant (0.05% w/w quillaja saponin). Second, cationic PLL was deposited onto the surfaces of the anionic saponin-coated droplets. Third, anionic PGA was deposited onto the surfaces of the cationic PLL-saponin-coated droplets. We then assessed the ability of the coatings to protect the lipid droplets from aggregation when the pH (2.0–9.0), ionic strength (0–350 mM), or temperature (30–90 °C) were altered. The properties of the primary, secondary, and tertiary emulsions were monitored by measuring the mean particle diameter (d32), electrical characteristics (ζ-potential), and microstructure of the lipid droplets. The electrical characteristics of the droplets could be modulated by controlling the number and type of layers used. The primary emulsion had the best resistance to varying environmental conditions, while the secondary emulsion had the worst, suggesting electrostatic deposition should only be used to obtain specific functionalities. Interestingly, PLL detached from the surfaces of the secondary emulsions at high salt concentrations due to electrostatic screening, which improved their salt stability. This phenomenon may be useful for some food applications, e.g., having cationic droplets during food storage, but anionic ones inside the human body.
Effect of temperature and deposition technology on the microstructure, chemistry and tribo-mechanical characteristics of Ti-B based thin films by magnetron sputtering

Abstract This study deals with a deep investigation on chemical, structural, mechanical and tribological properties of TiBx coatings produced by means of PVD techniques, i.e. Direct Current (DC-MS) and High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). TiBx coatings were deposited onto Si wafer, at different substrate temperatures (200, 300 and 400 °C). DC-MS products were strongly overstoichiometric (B at.%/Ti at.% up to 2.86 ± 0.01 at 200 °C), while HiPIMS ones showed a B/Ti atomic ratio closed to 2, particularly at high temperature. Moreover, HiPIMS films exhibited a dense and almost featureless morphology. All the deposited films were constituted of one crystalline TiB2 phase with hexagonal structure, but in HiPIMS mode, a completely dominant (001) texture was developed, which could be responsible of superior mechanical properties and low wear rates, compared to DC-MS products. Different wear mechanisms, i.e. micro-peeling vs direct ploughing at low abrasion rate have been speculated for the two coating types.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 Inhibitors for Modulation of Osteoclastogenesis: Enhancement of Solubility and Stability

Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) activity has been correlated to breast cancer bone metastasis. It has been proposed that MMP-13 contributes to bone metastasis through the promotion of osteoclastogenesis. To explore the mechanisms of MMP-13 action, we previously described a highly efficacious and selective MMP-13 inhibitor, RF036. Unfortunately, further pursuit of RF036 as a probe of MMP-13 in vitro and in vivo activities was not practical due to the limited solubility and stability of the inhibitor. Our new study has explored replacing the RF036 backbone sulfur atom and terminal methyl group to create inhibitors with more favorable pharmacokinetic properties. One compound, designated inhibitor 3, in which the backbone sulfur and terminal methyl group of RF036 were replaced by nitrogen and oxetane, respectively, had comparable activity, selectivity, and membrane permeability to RF036, while exhibiting greatly enhanced solubility and stability. Inhibitor 3 effectively inhibited MMP-13-mediated osteoclastogenesis but spared collagenolysis, and thus represents a next-generation MMP-13 probe applicable for in vivo studies of breast cancer metastasis.
Similarities in client-clinician perceptions of subjective social status and its association to similarities in the quality of working alliance and client anxiety symptoms

Objective: Subjective social status (SSS) has largely been ignored within psychotherapy literature. We investigated the association between similarities in client-clinician perceptions of SSS, simi...
Measuring the Clean Development Mechanism's Performance and Potential (WP #56)

The Kyoto Protocol has entered into force despite US non-participation. One of its key components, the Clean Development Mechanism (“CDM”) is a regime for the creation and trading of greenhouse gas (“GHG”) offsets. An offset is a tradable instrument representing some volume of GHG that the seller has voluntarily agreed not to emit in exchange for the right to sell the offset. A seller will abate her emission of GHG and sell an offset when the cost of not emitting is less than the market price for offsets. A buyer in turn will purchase an offset when its value is less than the cost to him of not emitting some quantity of GHG. In the CDM, offsets are denominated in terms of Certified Emissions Reductions (“CERs”) which represent 1 metric ton of CO2 or its equivalent (“1 t CO2e”). CDM projects must be located in developing nations while CDM buyers are either developed nation governments or private entities. Thus as well as being a market, the CDM is a subsidy from developed to developing nations.
Differential effects of gefitinib and cetuximab on EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC)

2165 Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have recently been found to closely correlate with tumor responses to the EGFR-TK inhibitor, gefitinib (‘Iressa’), in patients with NSCLC. However, little is known about the efficacy of the EGFR directed antibody, cetuximab, in EGFR mutant NSCLCs. We examined the effects of gefitinib (3.3 nM to 10 μM) and cetuximab (33 ng/ml to 100 μg/ml) on in vitro cell growth by MTS assay in NSCLC cell lines with different EGFR genotypes: wild type (EGFRWT; A549, H441, and H1666); exon 21 L858R missense mutant (EGFRL858R; H3255); and exon 19 deletion mutant (EGFRdel; DFCILU-011). In the H1666 EGFRWT cell line, both gefitinib and cetuximab caused partial growth inhibition (47% and 43% growth inhibition using 1 μM and 10 μg/ml, respectively). In contrast, both H441 and A549 were resistant to both agents. Both gefitinib and cetuximab led to only partial inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation in H1666. Treatment with either 1 μM gefitinib or 10 μg/ml cetuximab induced apoptosis in H1666 (gefitinib:9.3+/− 1.0 %; cetuximab:11.2 +/− 2.5 %) but not in H441 cells. However, both cell lines harboring the EGFR mutations were very sensitive to gefitinib (IC50 for H3255 and DFCILU-011, 63 and 20 nM, respectively) and resistant to cetuximab (IC50 > 100 μg/ml). Consistent with these observations, 1 μM gefitinib led to significantly greater increase in apoptosis than 10 μg/ml cetuximab (H3255: gefitinib: 23.6 +/− 9.2 %, cetuximab 3.7 +/− 1.1 %; DFCILU-011: gefitinib 11 +/− 1.5%, cetuximab 0 +/− 0.9%). Gefitinib treatment also led to complete inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation while cetuximab had minimal effects on EGFR phosphorylation. To further evaluate the differences between wildtype and mutant EGFRs, we examined the effects of these agents in NIH-3T3 cells stably expressing EGFR that was either wild type or contained the L858R or exon 19 deletion mutations. In NIH-3T3/EGFRWT cells, both gefitinib and cetuximab led only to partial blockade of phophorylation of EGFR. However in NIH-3T3/EGFRL858R and NIH-3T3/EGFRdel cells gefitinib completely abrogated phosphorylation of EGFR at 0.1 μM but cetuximab led to only partial inhibition even at 100 μg/ml. We also sequenced EGFR from 3 NSCLC patients who received treatment with both cetuximab and gefitinib. Two patients who initially had stable disease with single agent cetuximab but subsequently developed disease progression achieved partial responses when treated with gefitinib. The third patient had a complete response to gefitinib but subsequently progressed, and was then treated with cetuximab with disease progression. All three patients had somatic mutations (exon 19 deletions) in EGFR.These findings suggest that gefitinib and cetuximab have differential effects on EGFR mutant NSCLCs and that patients with EGFR TK mutations should be treated with EGFR TKIs.
Boundary Spanning and the Differentiated Effects of IS Project Deviations

In environments where risk planning does not eliminate disruptions, advancing risk management requires an improved understating of the relationships among different types of deviations. This empirical study of IT professionals in a single organization differentiates requirements fluctuations, staff fluctuations and technology fluctuations to reveal distinct performance effects from challenges emerging from different domains of the IS Project work system. Data in this setting also reveal important moderating influences from the locus of initiation (either internal or external to the core project team). These findings integrate boundary spanning theory with the IS project risk management literature to provide explaining insight to the role of communication and knowledge transfer for IS projects faced with emergent disruptions.
Bioarchaeology of Native American Adaptation in the Spanish Borderlands

Bioarchaeology of Native American Adaptation in the Spanish Borderlands. Brenda J. Baker and Lisa Kealhofer, eds. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996.232 pp.
An examination of materialism, conspicuous consumption and gender differences

This paper examines gender differences in terms of materialism, conspicuous consumption, brand loyalty and impulse buying. We build our hypotheses based on both existing marketing and consumption literature with an additional integration of historical and gender studies literature in order to further augment the study of materialism and its related variables. Our study used survey data from 1180 Americans living in four northeastern states. Results show that significant differences between the genders were found in terms of materialism, conspicuous consumption and impulse buying. No significant difference was found in terms of brand loyalty.
Naming, Paradise Lost, and the Gendered Discourse of Perfect Language Schemes

AbstractIn the seventeenth century, the search for perfect language was a major European intellectual movement. The quest was motivated by a broad range of concerns, from apocalyptic hopes/fears to...
Graphite foams infiltrated with phase change materials as alternative materials for space and terrestrial thermal energy storage applications

In this work, a numerical study is proposed to investigate and predict the thermal performance of graphite foams infiltrated with phase change materials, PCMs, for space and terrestrial energy storage systems. The numerical model is based on a volume averaging technique while a finite volume method has been used to discretize the heat diffusion equation. A line-by-line solver based on tri-diagonal matrix algorithm has been used to iteratively solve the algebraic discretization equations. Because of the high thermal conductivity of graphite foams, the PCM-foam system thermal performance has been improved significantly. For space applications, the average value of the output power of the new energy storage system has been increased by more than eight times. While for terrestrial applications, the average output power using carbon foam of porosity 97% is about five times greater than that for using pure PCM.
Academic Libraries and Mobile Devices: User and Reader Preferences

The authors surveyed 250 students, faculty, alumni, administrators, and staff about how they use mobile devices, if at all, to access a university library. Fifty percent of respondents reported that they used their mobile devices to access the library—primarily the catalog and the research databases; however, usability hindered accessing other desired services. These results have implications for library administrators with respect to making decisions about App choices, the advertisement of services, and the transition to e-collections.
Writing an Abstract

An abstract presents a brief summary of the content of a paper within the length allowed by a given journal. The problem under investigation is stated in one sentence (usually in the form of a purpose statement); pertinent sample characteristics are described (e.g., number of subjects, age, gender); the methodology is specified, including data collection procedures and instruments; important findings of the study are stated; and conclusions are discussed. The abstract must be an accurate, succinct, comprehensible, and informative representation of what is in an article so as to promote reading of the entire article, increase readership, and facilitate retrieval in the future.
Electron capture in spin-trap capped peptides. An experimental example of ergodic dissociation in peptide cation-radicals.

Electron capture dissociation was studied with tetradecapeptides and pentadecapeptides that were capped at N-termini with a 2-(4′-carboxypyrid-2′-yl)-4-carboxamide group (pepy), e. g., pepy-AEQLLQEEQLLQEL-NH2, pepy-AQEFGEQGQKALKQL-NH2, and pepy-AQEGSEQAQKFFKQL-NH2. Doubly and triply protonated peptide cations underwent efficient electron capture in the ion-cyclotron resonance cell to yield charge-reduced species. However, the electron capture was not accompanied by backbone dissociations. When the peptide ions were preheated by absorption of infrared photons close to the dissociation threshold, subsequent electron capture triggered ion dissociations near the remote C-terminus forming mainly (b11–14+1)+· fragment ions that were analogous to those produced by infrared multiphoton dissociation alone. Ab initio calculations indicated that the N-1 and N-1′ positions in the pepy moiety had topical gas-phase basicities (GB=923 kJ mol−1) that were greater than those of backbone amide groups. Hence, pepy was a likely protonation site in the doubly and triply charged ions. Electron capture in the protonated pepy moiety produced the ground electronic state of the charge-reduced cation-radical with a topical recombination energy, RE=5.43–5.46 eV, which was greater than that of protonated peptide residues. The hydrogen atom in the charge-reduced pepy moiety was bound by >160 kJ mol−1, which exceeded the hydrogen atom affinity of the backbone amide groups (21–41 kJ mol−1). Thus, the pepy moiety functioned as a stable electron and hydrogen atom trap that did not trigger radical-type dissociations in the peptide backbone that are typical of ECD. Instead, the internal energy gained by electron capture was redistributed over the peptide moiety, and when combined with additional IR excitation, induced proton-driven ion dissociations which occurred at sites that were remote from the site of electron capture. This example of a spin-remote fragmentation provided the first clear-cut experimental example of an ergodic dissociation upon ECD.
The Creation of Trust Through Interaction and Exchange: The Role of Consideration in Organizations

Scholars generally agree that highly effective organizations require the cultivation of personal relationships that are high in trust. However, although most conceptualizations of relational trust stress the roles of intention and choice, few explain how these are socially constructed in discrete interactions. To this end, the authors introduce the concept of consideration. Consideration entails a mode of interaction in which (a) a resource is bestowed to a recipient, (b) under a context of choice, (c) involving little sacrifice on the part of the giver, and (d) implying that the recipient’s situation is present in the giver’s thoughts and feelings. Consideration was observed to be central to trust formation and maintenance in a large defense company. Collegial relationships high in trust are characterized by the consistent application of consideration where there are perceived opportunities. These findings have useful implications for management, network theory, social capital, economic sociology, and fr...
Sequences of contractions on L1-spaces☆

Let Tn, n = 1,2,… be a sequence of linear contractions on the space where is a finite measure space. Let M be the subspace of L1 for which Tng → g weakly in L1 for g ϵ M. If Tn1 → 1 strongly, then Tnf → f strongly for all f in the closed vector sublattice in L1 generated by M. This result can be applied to the determination of Korovkin sets and shadows in L1. Given a set G ⊂ L1, its shadow S(G) is the set of all f ϵ L1 with the property that Tnf → f strongly for any sequence of contractions Tn, n = 1, 2,… which converges strongly to the identity on G; and G is said to be a Korovkin set if S(G) = L1. For instance, if 1 ϵ G, then, where M is the linear hull of G and BM is the sub-σ-algebra of B generated by {x ϵ X: g(x) > 0} for g ϵ M. If the measure algebra is separable, has Korovkin sets consisting of two elements.
Elastic Scattering of Slow Electrons by Cesium Atoms

The elastic scattering cross section for the scattering of slow electrons by cesium atoms was calculated for incident electron energies ranging from 0.0005 to 0.13 Ry. The model used is an adiabatic one which includes exchange. By means of a partial-wave expansion the problem is reduced to the solution of an integrodifferential equation for each partial wave. The results of the calculation show rough agreement with low-energy plasma resistivity experiments and with collision-time measurements, but do not support the microwave experiments of Chen and Raether. The results of the calculation are quite sensitive to the inclusion of exchange and to the form of the polarization potential; arguments are presented to show that optimum parameters of an adinbatic model have been used in the present calculation. (auth)
Vector analysing power and cross section for 90Zr(, p)91Zr at 11 and 12 MeV

Abstract Angular distributions of the vector analysing power and the cross section were measured for 90Zr( d , p)91Zr. Measurements were made on two transitions at a deuteron energy of 11 MeV and on 20 transitions at 12 MeV. The observed j-dependence of the vector analysing power provided unambiguous spin assignments for most final states. Measurements of the cross section and vector analysing power were also made for deuteron elastic scattering at 11 MeV in order to determine the potential parameters for DWBA calculations. The DWBA predictions are in good agreement with the measured (d, p) cross sections and in qualitative agreement with the analysing powers. Enriched targets.
Evidence for a male sex pheromone in the noctuid, Trichoplusia ni.

THE hairpencils of several male Lepidoptera secrete volatile substances1–8. Aplin and Birch1 reported that the scent-brushes of some noctuids contain benzaldehyde as their chief component and they suggested that this substance might function as an aphrodisiac because the brushes were displayed during courtship, but they gave no evidence that the compound was olfactorily or otherwise stimulating to the insect. Recent electrophysiological experiments6, however, have demonstrated that the hairpencil substances of the male queen butterfly are detected by the female antenna and behavioural studies5,8 have shown them to function as a female aphrodisiac. This report provides evidence that the hairpencils of the male cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, produce a volatile secretion which probably stimulates the female during courtship.
Theoretical and Computational Problems in Modeling Glow Discharges

It is desirable to develop detailed models of glow discharge chemical reactors in order to understand the many complex interactions that govern reactor performance. One important part of an overall model of the plasma reactor is the description of the discharge physical structure including charged particle densities, energies and the self-consistent electric field. The continuum or fluid equation approach to this problem is presented in this paper and potential problems with this approach are discussed. Results from recent simulations of a 13.56 MHz rf discharge are presented. The behavior of the electrons in the quasineutral plasma and their interaction with the self-consistent field are highlighted. It is shown that the rf power dissipation peaks at the plasma-sheath boundary, and the implications of this for the validity of estimates of mean electron density from equivalent rf rcircuit models is discussed.
Control of mixed oxide textural and acidic properties by the sol-gel method

Abstract Preparation of catalytic mixed oxides by sol-gel chemistry affords a degree of control over the intimacy of molecular-scale mixing — and therefore the important acidic and textural properties that depend upon mixing — that is not available by other methods. Literature examples illustrate how careful control of any one of a number of preparative parameters, including, but not limited to, concentrations, addition order and drying conditions, can lead to changes in the microstructural distribution of the components that are, in turn, related directly to the textural and chemical properties of the calcined sample.
Seizure outcome following standard temporal lobectomy: correlation with hippocampal neuron loss and extrahippocampal pathology

The authors reviewed 149 patients who underwent standard anterior temporal lobectomies for intractable complex partial epilepsy with a mean follow-up period of 5 years. Quantitative analyses of hippocampal neuron loss showed that all patients had some cell loss compared to control hippocampi obtained at autopsy. The average hippocampal cell loss was categorized as severe (greater than 30% of autopsy control levels) or mild. Analysis of hippocampal and extrahippocampal pathologies showed that in 109 cases (73%, the hippocampal lesion group) hippocampal cell loss was mild in 17 cases (16%) and severe in 92 cases (84%); in the remaining 40 cases (27%, the extrahippocampal structural lesion group) hippocampal cell loss was mild in 24 cases (60%) and severe in 16 (40%). The first index of surgical outcome was worthwhile seizure reduction, which occurred in 94 cases (86%) with mild or severe hippocampal lesions and in 33 cases (82%) with extrahippocampal pathology. In the hippocampal lesion group, worthwhile seizure reduction occurred in 90% of cases with severe and in only 65% of cases with mild hippocampal cell loss (p = 0.015). In the extrahippocampal pathology group, worthwhile seizure was not statistically different, whether hippocampal cell loss was severe (94% of cases) or mild (75% of cases). The second index of surgical outcome was the occurrence of residual seizures in the patients with worthwhile seizure reduction, which would indicate remaining epileptogenic tissue. In the hippocampal lesion group, the incidence of residual seizures was not statistically different whether hippocampal cell loss was severe (24% of cases) or mild (45% of cases). However, in the extrahippocampal pathology group, residual seizures occurred in 53% of cases with severe cell loss (dual pathology) but in only 11% of cases with mild cell loss (p = 0.025). Worthwhile seizure reduction can be predicted by the presence of either severe hippocampal cell loss or an extrahippocampal structural lesion. However, residual seizures more frequently follow in cases with a combination of both (extrahippocampal pathology associated with severe hippocampal cell loss, or dual pathology), suggesting that epileptogenic tissue more likely extends outside the boundaries of a standard temporal lobectomy.
Growing Rubber in North America

Abstract Ever since war was forced upon us, with the subsequent capture by the Japanese of the Malay Peninsula and the Dutch East Indies, Americans have been groping for new sources of natural rubber to replace those cut off by our enemies. With startling dispatch, lands which produced 90 per cent of the crude rubber used by this country had been captured, and the supplies from another 7 per cent of the world's producing areas had been endangered by action against lines of communication with these sources. The problem was not entirely new, because many farseeing people, both in government service and private business, had been concerned about our dependence on distant sources for what had become one of our essential materials in peace and war. They had made studies of domestic plants which might produce rubber in quantities sufficient for our necessities. The urgency of the task, however, was not so great then as it is now. Early this year I was assigned by the Goodrich company to give this problem primar...
Time-based and volume-based sampling for flow-injection on-line sorbent extraction graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract Fow-injection on-line preconcentration systems for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry are complicated by the low eluate volume of typically less than 50 μl which can be accommodated in a graphite tube or on a graphite platform. Even when a column with an extra small capacity of 15 μl was used, it was found impossible to elute the sorbed analyte completely with an eluate volume that was compatible with the capacity of the graphite furnace. Two approaches for introducing only the most concentrated fraction of the eluate into the graphite tube while discarding the rest were investigated and compared: controlling the time interval for collection and introduction of the eluate fraction into the furnace tube (time-based sampling), and collection of the eluate fraction of interest in thin tubing of fixed volume, followed by introduction of this fraction into the tube using a low flow of air (volume-based sampling). Cadmium, copper, lead and nickel were the analyte elements investigated. A 15–30% greater enhancement factor was obtained for volume-based sampling because dispersion was interrupted during sample injection by air segmentation. The short- and long-term reproducibility were also better for volume-based sampling because variations in the pump tubing had no influence on the eluate volume introduced. These combined effects resulted in an improvement in detection limits of the four elements by factors of 1.3–2.0. Sample throughput (23 h−1), sample consumption (3 ml min−1 and reagent consumption were the same for both approaches. There were no significant differences in the accuracy and precision of the two techniques in the analysis of sea water, estuarine water and river water standard reference materials.
Pancreas Transplantation for the Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of kidney failure in the United States. Poor glycemic control, hypertension, and smoking have been implicated as risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Improved medical therapy including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and tight glycemic control with use of intensive insulin therapy have been shown to reduce the progression of diabetic nephropathy substantially based on albumin excretion rates. Despite these improvements in medical management, many patients still experience progression from early diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Successful pancreas transplantation leads to normal glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, but historically it has generally been limited to patients with both kidney failure and diabetes. In this review of the current treatment of diabetic nephropathy, we examine the potential role of preemptive pancreas transplantation in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
The occurrence of α-glycogen in human cardiac muscle cells

Abstract Rosettes of glycogen were found in cardiac muscle cells in five of 18 patients with aortic valvular disease and in three of 23 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Although most of the glycogen in each heart was of the monoparticulate type, focal areas containing glycogen rosettes, 1300 to 2400 A in diameter, were observed in cells which were hypertrophied but which otherwise had normal ultrastructure, and in cells showing myofibrillar degeneration. Identification of these rosettes as glycogen was confirmed by staining with the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate method and by digestion with amylase. It is suggested that these rosettes represent a pathologic alteration of glycogen metabolism in hypertrophied and degenerated cardiac muscle cells.
Effects of central leptin administration on blood pressure in normotensive rats.

We tested the hypothesis that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of leptin would increase mean arterial pressure (MAP) in ad libitum (AL) fed and food deprived (FD) normotensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically instrumented with a guide cannula directed at the lateral ventricle and a carotid arterial catheter. Following recovery from surgery, the MAP and heart rate (HR) response to i.c.v. administration of vehicle (5 microl saline over 1 min) or leptin (0.3 microg or 3.0 microg in 5 microl saline) were determined in conscious, unrestrained AL fed (n=7-10) and 48-h FD (n=5-10) rats. Food deprivation significantly reduced MAP (AL=116+/-3; FD=104+/-3 mmHg; P < 0.01) without altering HR. In AL rats, high dose leptin (3.0 microg, i.c.v.) produced a significant increase in MAP when maximal responses were evaluated (9+/-2 mmHg; P < 0.05), but did not significantly alter MAP and HR over time during the 90 min measurement period. In FD rats, low dose leptin (0.3 microg, i.c.v.) produced significant elevations in MAP (7+/-3 mmHg) after a latency of 60 min, while high dose leptin (3.0 microg, i.c.v.) produced an increase in MAP within the first 10 min (10+/-3 mmHg) followed by an additional increase 1 h after injection (6+/-2 mmHg). Leptin administration also produced delayed increases in HR in FD rats (0.3 microg, 34+/-5 b.p.m.; 3.0 microg, 57+/-10 b.p.m). These results indicate that leptin may modulate cardiovascular function through central mechanisms and may do so to a greater extent in food deprived animals.
Node positive renal cell cancer. Who can be helped

The authors correlated outcomes with various tumor and patient characteristics for 171 consecutive patients undergoing radical or partial nephrectomies for pathologic stage T any, N1/2, M0 renal cell carcinomas with predominantly clear-cell, papillary, or chromophobe histologies, enrolled in institutional databases from 10 participating institutions between 1984 and 2001 [1]. To my knowledge, this is the largest series of this group of patients so far presented. This represented roughly 4% of patients treated with these surgeries for renal cell cancer at these institutions during this time period. Kidney cancer-specific survival (as determined by medical chart review or death certificates) with a mean and median follow-up of 3.0 and 1.3 yr, respectively, was 39.3% (confidence interval [CI], 31.4–49.1%) at 5 yr and 30.5% (CI, 22.5–41.4%) at 10 yr, but there were only 36 and 14 patients at risk at those respective time points. Numerous factors to be discussed below make these data somewhat hard to interpret, but the take home message is clear: A substantial minority of patients with renal cancer who have nodal, but not distant metastases, can have reasonable 5and 10-yr survivals if they undergo surgery. Similar data have been published in other clinical series, and, more importantly, in both arms of randomized prospective multi-institution phase 3 trials of adjuvant systemic therapies versus no treatment following local resection for extensive renal carcinoma [2,3]. The authors report statistically significant impacts of the symptom category (systemic versus nonsystemic or local) and histologic grade (Fuhrman grade III and IV vs. I and
Using concept mapping for planning the implementation of a social technology

Abstract This research utilized concept mapping to analyze and compare the process of planning to implement a specific social technology—known as family based intensive in-home services (FABIIHS)—which has demonstrated effectiveness in certain settings and is being adopted in two new sites (the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Rio Grande Corridor in New Mexico). In each site, planning teams were formed to identify the factors which needed to be dealt with in order to implement a FABIIHS project in their setting. Planning team members consisted of direct service agency workers at the managerial and case practice levels from Indian agencies, state, and non-profit organizations which were part of the community service network and which therefore had to be involved to successfully implement the social technology of FABIIHS. Approximately 35 people participated in the three-step process which involved: (a) the generation of a set of eighty-one implementation factors; (b) sorting the factors and rating each one for their importance and ability to influence; and (c) interpretation and naming of the concept map. On the basis of this project, concept mapping is seen as a potentially valuable process which can be helpful in planning for the implementation of new social technologies.
On Selecting Among Treatments with Binomial Outcomes

Most of the procedures for selecting one of the best among several experimental treatments under the binomial setting are based on applying the normal theory to the discrete data. Consequently, they may not be safely applied when dealing with small sample sizes. This article considers exact derivations and the applications of the LFCs for certain binomial procedures.
Tryptar in Intrathoracic Disease

SUMMARY Tryptar provides the surgeon with another excellent therapeutic agent for the treatment of intrathoracic diseases. Fibrin is digested without harm to living tissues. Blood and pus are liquified and can be more easily removed. The excellent results obtained from the use of tryptar in this small series of patients with intrathoracic diseases suggests that further trial be given to the use of the enzyme in similar conditions.
On the numerical characteristics of an inverse solution for three-term radiative transfer

Abstract Certain numerical characteristics of an inverse formulation for three-term scattering radiative transfer are investigated. Specifically, approximate solutions to the direct problem are constructed by the F N and Monte Carlo methods, allowing approximation of the various surface angular moments and related quantities needed for the inverse calculation. Several numerical schemes are employed in order of demonstrate the computational characteristics for some specific phase functions. The numerical results indicate that the single-scatter albedo can be calculated fairly consistently and accurately, but higher order coefficients of the scattering law are more difficult to obtain by this method.
Technical forum—Management of application complexes in multitier clustered systems

In this Technical Forum article, we describe a generalized management framework for application complexes in multitiered cluster environments. The application complexes can be viewed as distinct autonomic computing entities that live together in thecluster. The management framework was implemented on a rack-mounted cluster of servers using the IBM Director management tool.
Effect of molecular association on diffusion in binary liquid mixtures

A predictive equation for the mutual diffusion coefficient is developed for binary solutions which contain a self-associating component. The solution is modeled as a nonideal multicomponent mixture consisting of the solvent molecules and various association complexes. The model provides for a unique mobility for each of the species present and accounts for both physical and chemical contributions to the solution thermodynamics and their effects on the diffusive fluxes. The predictions of the theory were evaluated for n-alcohols in nonpolar solvents using data for six systems at temperatures ranging from 293 to 363 K. In each case, the predictions of this theory are found to be superior to other currently available methods.
Application of Salting-Out Agent to Enhance the Hydrophobicity of Weakly Hydrophobic Bacterial Strains

Hydrophobicity is a vital parameter for initial cell adhesion that ultimately leads to biofouling of surfaces and loss of system performance and health issues. The efficiency of a number of biological systems could be improved by increasing the hydrophobicity of concerned bacteria. Here we used ammonium sulfate (salt) to enhance the bacterial hydrophobicity, as measured by a commonly used liquid–liquid partitioning based hydrophobicity assessment assay — the MATH test. We observed successive increases in bacterial hydrophobicity with incremental increase in salt concentration for Gram-negative bacteria. Upon addition of 2 M salt, three closely related E. coli strains were easily distinguishable from one another. Gram-positive bacteria exhibited different trends than Gram-negative strains, with no change in the hydrophobicity of S. salivarius HB cells and a sharp decline followed by an increase in hydrophobicity for D. radiodurans. Cell size measurements revealed that Gram-positive cells exhibited a change...
Intervention to Improve Care at Life’s End in Inpatient Settings: The BEACON Trial

Background Widespread implementation of palliative care treatment plans could reduce suffering in the last days of life by adopting best practices of traditionally home-based hospice care in inpatient settings.