cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin polarization of amorphous CoFeB determined by point-contact Andreev reflection

Point-contact Andreev reflection measurements reveal that amorphous CoxFe80−xB20 (x=20, 40, and 60) alloys possess spin polarization of as much as 65%, much higher than the values of 43%–45% for Co and Fe. This accounts for the high magnetoresistance values in magnetic tunnel junctions incorporating amorphous CoFeB as the ferromagnetic electrodes. The crystallization of the amorphous alloys substantially reduces the spin polarization.
Double unilimb Z-plastic repair of microform cleft lip.

Background: Microform unilateral cleft lip is characterized by 1) notched mucosal margin; 2) thin medial vermilion; 3) elevated medial peak of Cupid's bow; 4) furrowed philtral column; 5) hypoplastic orbicularis oris; and 6) minor nasal deformity. Methods: The author's registry of unilateral incomplete cleft lip was culled for patients with microform cleft lip. Operative correction included: double-limb Z-plasty at the vermilion-cutaneous and vermilion-mucosal junctions; eversion of orbicularis oris; augmentation of philtral ridge with a dermal graft; medial positioning of the alar base; and elevation of the lower lateral cartilage. Results: Microform phenotype was found in 33 of 360 infants (9.2 percent) with unilateral incomplete cleft lip. Male-to-female and left-to-right ratio were both 2:1. Median age at presentation was 11 months (range, 2 weeks to 9 years). Twenty-three patients had a double unilimb Z-plastic repair (including dermal graft and nasal correction). No revisions have been necessary at median follow-up of 5 years, however, 13 percent of children lacked prominence of the upper philtral column and one-third of children exhibited minor nostril asymmetry. Conclusions: Double unilimb Z-plasty corrects the vertical asymmetry in a microform cleft lip while limiting the scar to the lower one-half of the lip. The philtral ridge is formed by repair of the muscular diastasis and onlay of a dermal graft. Components of this technique are applicable to secondary cleft deformities, such as elevated peak of the Cupid's bow and inadequate philtral ridge.
Tropical Cyclone Data Impact Studies: Influence of Model Bias and Synthetic Observations

AbstractThe impacts of assimilating dropwindsonde data and enhanced atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) on tropical cyclone track forecasts are examined using the Navy global data assimilation and forecasting systems. Enhanced AMVs have the largest impact on eastern Pacific storms, while dropwindsonde data have the largest impact on Atlantic storms. Results in the western Pacific are mixed. Two western Pacific storms, Nuri and Jangmi, are examined in detail. For Nuri, dropwindsonde data and enhanced AMVs are at least as likely to degrade as to improve forecasts. For Jangmi, additional data improve track forecasts in most cases. An erroneous weakening of the forecasted subtropical high appears to contribute to the track errors for Nuri and Jangmi. Assimilation of enhanced AMVs systematically increases the analyzed heights in this region, counteracting this model bias. However, the impact of enhanced AMVs decreases rapidly as the model biases saturate at similar levels for experiments with and without the enh...
CEO Succession: A Help or Hindrance to Corporate Reputation?

While there are over 50 years of study on how CEO turnover influences corporate outcomes, there is a paucity of research on the impact of leadership changes on reputation. This study uses signaling theory to investigate the relationship between chief executive transitions and corporate reputation, as assessed by 2007 and 2008 Fortune ratings of 241 companies. On average, CEO successions improved reputations; however, companies with higher initial reputations were more likely to experience a decline in their subsequent reputations. These significant effects occurred over the short term and were not significant over the long term. The implications of these findings address how companies should manage CEO transition announcements and succession planning.
Trends and Toxic Effects From Pediatric Clonidine Exposures

Objective To analyze the trends, demographics, and toxic effects associated with pediatric clonidine hydrochloride exposures reported to poison centers. Design Retrospective. Setting and Patients Clonidine-only exposures followed up to known outcome in children younger than 19 years reported to the American Association of Poison Control Center's database from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 1999. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of exposures over time, acuity, reason, symptoms, management site, treatment, and outcome. Results There were 10 060 reported exposures with 57% reported for children younger than 6 years, 34% for children between 6 and 12 years old, and 9% for adolescents between 13 and 18 years old. In 1999 there were 2.5 times as many exposures as in 1993. In 6- through 12-year-olds, clonidine was the child's medication in 35% of the exposures, compared with 10% in children younger than 6 years and 26% in adolescents. The proportion of cases involving the child's medication increased over 7 years. While unintentional overdose was most common in children younger than 6 years, therapeutic errors and suicide attempts predominated in 6- through 12-year-olds and adolescents, respectively. In 6042 symptomatic children (60%), the most common symptoms were lethargy (80%), bradycardia (17%), hypotension (15%), and respiratory depression (5%). Most exposures resulted in no effect (40%) or minor effects (39%). Moderate effects occurred in 1907 children (19%), major effects in 230 children (2%); there was 1 fatality in a 23-month-old. Conclusions While most of the clonidine exposures resulted in minimal toxic effects, serious toxic effects and death can occur. The trend toward increasing the number of exposures in children, especially with evidence of toxic effects in children receiving clonidine therapeutically, is cause for concern.
Does delayed gastric emptying really cause symptoms in functional dyspepsia

When the glove does fit, you should not acquit In this month’s issue of Gut , Talley and colleagues1 report an interesting study on the opportunistic use of a database, acquired during the baseline period of four multicentre therapeutic trials, to explore the associations between gastric emptying and symptoms in functional dyspepsia (see page 933) . This was not a prospective study designed to specifically address the question posed in the title of this commentary. Before analysing the information from this study, it is opportune to review three concepts that reflect recent papers from the literature. Firstly, combinations of symptoms are associated with abnormal gastric functions . In a scholarly review, Tack et al surmised that 40–50% of patients with dyspepsia had impaired gastric accommodation after meal ingestion, 34–66% had gastric hypersensitivity, and 23–59% had delayed gastric emptying.2 Moreover, delayed gastric emptying was associated with early satiety, nausea, vomiting and fullness; impaired gastric accommodation with early satiety and fullness, and with weight loss in two of four studies; and visceral hypersensitivity with pain, belching, and weight loss in one of four studies.2 Secondly, symptoms of dyspepsia occur in combination, and they have already been shown to be associated with delayed gastric emptying . …
Development policy, forests, and peasant farms: Reflections on Huastec-managed forests’ contributions to commercial production and resource conservation

The Huastec Indians of northeastern Mexico manage their forests in an indigenous system that integrates commercial and subsistence production. Elements of primary and secondary forest coexist with introduced species in this diverse silvicultural structure which complements the swidden and permanent agriculture fields of the Huastec farmstead. The forest’s direct production of the food, timber, and fuel resources discussed here buffers the Huastec peasant family against market fluctuations and the failed harvest of a single crop. The Huastec system of forest management offers an alternative pattern to the agroforestry and plantation schemes now being suggested for development in the tropics. It is an alternative that provides protection for wild genetic resources while it contributes to the combination of commercial and subsistence agriculture so important for the successful modernization of peasant agriculture. The documentation of this system demonstrates that ethnobotanists and economic botanists have an important but unrealized role to play in the protection of biotic resources and in the development of sustained yield agroecosystems for peasants. The contributions of ethnobotanists are particularly valuable because they can find where and why useful wild species persist in agroecosystems. A greater effort to direct the attentions of policy makers to the value of ethnobotanical knowledge is needed.
Event-related brain potentials and visual attention in six-month-old infants.

This study tested theoretical accounts of the Nc component of the event-related brain potentials in six-month-old infants by replicating and extending a previous study [Ackles, P. K., & Cook, K. G. (2007). Attention or memory? Effects of familiarity and novelty on the Nc component in event-related brain potentials in six-month-old infants. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 117, 837–867]. Stimulus familiarity and novelty of visual stimuli were manipulated within and across four groups of infants to test predictions from attentional, memory, and expectancy accounts of Nc. Nc amplitudes were the larger to oddball stimuli in the. 80/.20 oddball group and One Face group than to frequent stimuli in oddball group and to novel stimuli in the Novel Faces and Novel Pictures groups. The results supported an attention-based interpretation of Nc.
Estimating normal means with a conjugate style dirichlet process prior

The problem of estimating many normal means is approached by means of an hierarchical model. The hierarchical model is the standard conjugate model with one exception: the normal distribution at the middle stage is replaced by a Dirichlet process with a normal shape. Estimation for this model is accomplished through the implementation of the Gibbs sampler (see Escobar and West,1991)Thisarticle describes a new Gibbs sampler algorithm that is implemented on a collapsed state space Results that apply to a general setting are obtained, suggesting that a collapse of the state space willimprove the rate of convergence of the Gibbs sampler. An example shows that the proposed collapse of the state space may result in a dramatically improved algorithm
Three-dimensional low Reynolds number flows with a free surface

The two-dimensional leveling problem (Degani, Gutfinger, 1976) is extended to three dimensions in the case where the flow Re number is very low and attention is paid to the free surface boundary condition with surface tension effects included. The no-slip boundary condition on the wall is observed. The numerical solution falls back on the Marker and Cell (MAC) method (Harlow and Welch, 1965) with the computation region divided into a finite number of stationary rectangular cells (or boxes in the 3-D case) and fluid flow traverses the cells (or boxes).
Era Boundaries Reconsidered: ABSTRACT

During the long history of the evolution of life on earth, boundaries between geologic eras represent time of transition, when character and composition of the biosphere changed more rapidly and markedly than at intersystemic boundaries within eras. Although many causes have been suggested to explain these changes, most workers have attempted to find one common cause for all. More detailed analysis of the nature of the biologic changes that occur at era boundaries, however, support the conclusion that a common cause does not exist. At the transition from the Precambrian to the Paleozoic Era, life changed from a little-known state in the Precambrian to a state that at least in part resembled life as we know it now. The emergence of Paleozoic life took place during Cambrian and Early Ordovician time, a span of 100 million years. At the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary, mass extinctions were common among benthonic marine life. Life on land, both plant and animal, was not so affected. After the mass extinctions it took 20-30 million years until a well-balanced and diversified benthonic fauna was reestablished in the seas. At the Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundary, mass extinctions were widespread among terrestrial animals, especially reptiles, but not among plants. In the sea spectacular extinctions occurred among planktonic organisms such as foraminifers and coccoliths, but not nearly to the same extent among benthonic organisms, including benthonic foraminifers. On the land it took many millions of years to fill the ecologic niches left vacant by the disappearance of the reptiles. In the sea replacement of the extinct forms of planktonic organisms by other types was almost instantaneous. It seems that the biologic changes that took place at and around the three era boundaries were so different in kind that no single cause can be invoked to explain them all. End_of_Article - Last_Page 637------------
The Concept of Normal Price in Value and Distribution

"Primary" value theory and distributive theory call for the same formulation of the market price concept but for different conceptions of normal price, 66. — Contrast of market price and normal price points of view, equilibrium between amounts vs. between rates of flow, 68. — Limitations; meaning of cost of production, 72. — Clark's "Static State" the same concept as Marshall's long-period normal price of consumption goods, but incorrectly applied to distribution, 73. — This concept applicable in "sub-distribution," which is practically more important than the theorist's division of income into general shares, 84. — Criticism of Marshall's equilibrium levels of wages and interest, 89. — Conclusion: Marshall's theory a correct logical definition, but applicable to reality only as determining a "tendency" which may be overcome by other tendencies; contrast with Clark; contrast with Mill, 95.
Inhibition of platelet energy production and release reaction by PGE1, theophylline and cAMP.

Thrombin induces a rapid, simultaneous release from platelets of adenine nucleotides and calcium in a constant molar ratio. PGE1, theophylline, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibit this release reaction, the attendant lactate production, and the subsequent aggregation of platelets. Compounds which result in increased intracellular levels of cAMP appear to block aggregation by inhibiting the release reaction and energy production.
An Investigation into the Dimensions of Unethical Behavior.

Abstract The influence on unethical behavior of (a) the probability of being caught and penalized, (b) level of self-esteem, (c) high time urgency, (d) hostility/aggression, (e) type A personality, (f) gender, and (g) GPA were explored to determine their impact on predispositions of students to cheat in a classroom situation. The most effective predictors of students cheating were the probability of being caught and penalized, high hostility/aggression characteristics, and gender, with male students reporting a higher propensity to engage in unethical behavior.
Geomagnetic sudden impulses and storm sudden commencements - A note on terminology

The definitions of and distinctions between storm sudden commencements (SSCs) and geomagnetic sudden impulses (SIs) are examined and present definitions of SIs and SSCs are modernized. Quantitative definitions of the two terms are recommended.
The price of rights: High school students' civic values and behaviors

Previous analyses of U.S. civics textbooks documented an overwhelming emphasis on citizen rights to the relative exclusion of citizen obligations and participation. Despite evidence of this uneven coverage, scholars have not yet investigated the psychological and behavioral consequences of this asymmetry, which may be especially consequential in the U.S., a predominantly individualistic culture. The present research does just this by analyzing survey data collected from high school students in civics courses. As expected, and in accordance with the content of civics curricula, students show greater endorsement of rights than of obligations. Moreover, higher support for obligations increases students' intention to vote and to participate in civic and extracurricular activities, whereas endorsement of rights is negatively associated with political participation.
Redistribution of organ blood flow after hemorrhage and resuscitation in full-term piglets.

Abstract Newborn piglets (aged 1 to 2 days and 7 to 14 days) were used to study (1) the redistribution of organ blood flow after a 25% acute blood loss and (2) the response to resuscitation with shed blood (20 mL/kg), crystalloid (normal saline [NS] or lactated Ringer's [LR]; 60 mL/kg), and colloid (dextran-40, 20 mL/kg). Hemodynamic parameters showed little differences in the response to hemorrhage and resuscitation. The two age groups had no significant differences in parameters or blood flow (results combined). The animals maintained flow to the heart and central nervous system (CNS) and had significantly decreased flow to the kidneys and splanchnic organs. In the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine was affected most severely, with a significant decrease in blood flow, especially to the mucosa. In all organ systems, Dextran 40 restored blood flow to levels significantly above the baseline. Shed blood and crystalloid restored flow to organs sustaining decreased flow, but crystalloid did not restore flow to the baseline level in the kidney and all segments of the gastrointestinal tract.
Oxidation of Cholesterol and Dehydroandrosterone by Means of Osmic Acid

UNSATURATED compounds are known to add, under the action of osmic acid, two hydroxyl groups at the place of their double bond1, these groups being in cis-exposition with regard to each other. The reaction course is analogous to that produced by KMnO4. However, action of the latter on cholesterol2 yields but 4–5 per cent of cis-cholestan-triol. Thus KMnO4 is unsuitable for the oxidation of the double bond in sterol-derived hormones, in particular in dehydro-androsterone.
ViewpointEnvisioning the future of computing research

Advances in computing have changed our lives---the Computing Community Consortium aims to help the research community continue that lineage.
A cross-national study of child labor and its determinants

This paper investigates the determinants of global child labor among countries with non-zero child labor rates. I find that the average child labor rate across countries rises with the size of the rural population, female labor force participation and fertility, whereas it falls with increases in GDP per capita, the share of public educational expenditures in gross national income, life expectancy and the share of the labor force in industry or agriculture. Over time, as GDP per capita rises and as trade expands, the child labor rate falls, whereas increases in the size of the rural population and in the female participation rate lead to increases in the child labor rate. Results indicate that the most effective ways to combat child labor are to increase GDP per capita, improve life expectancy, expand trade, increase spending on education and raise the GDP growth rate.
Analyzing Different Parameterizations of the Varying Dispersion Parameter as a Function of Segment Length

Until a few years ago, the dispersion parameter of Poisson-gamma models had been assumed to be invariant of the characteristics of the observations under study, but recent research in highway safety has shown that the dispersion parameter can depend on the covariates of the model. To account for this dependence, some researchers have reported that the dispersion parameter should be modeled solely as a function of segment length. The primary objective of this research was to examine empirically whether the dispersion parameter should be characterized using only the length of the segment. If not, the secondary objective consisted of determining alternative parameterizations using other covariates that would offer a better approach for characterizing the variance function of Poisson-gamma models. To accomplish the study objectives, 10 parameterizations describing the varying dispersion parameter were estimated with three different data sets collected in Texas, California, and Washington State. Flow-only models were used for comparing the parameterizations. The Akaike information criterion and other related goodness-of-fit (GOF) measures were used for evaluating and comparing the different models. The results of this study show that no single functional form or parameterization is suitable for all the data sets. Traffic flow was more significantly associated with the structured variation observed in the data than segment length. It is therefore recommended that transportation safety analysts evaluate different parameterizations and select the most appropriate one using a combination of GOF criteria, including the significance of the model's coefficients.
Option pricing for a stochastic-volatility jump-diffusion model with log-uniform jump-amplitudes

An alternative option pricing model is proposed, in which the stock prices follow a diffusion model with square root stochastic volatility and a jump model with log-uniformly distributed jump amplitudes in the stock price process. The stochastic-volatility follows a square-root and mean-reverting diffusion process. Fourier transforms are applied to solve the problem for risk-neutral European option pricing under this compound stochastic-volatility jump-diffusion (SVJD) process. Characteristic formulas and their inverses simplified by integration along better equivalent contours are given. The numerical implementation of pricing formulas is accomplished by both fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and more highly accurate discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) for verifying results and for different output.
A Short-term Psychoeducational Intervention for Families with Parental Cancer

Researchers and clinicians alike have emphasized the importance of focusing on the family when a parent has a serious illness.lS2 Parental cancer has been associated with adjustment problems in young children and adolescents, and concerns about the impact of the illness on their children cause parents considerable di~tress.~ Although a variety of effective psychosocial interventions are available for adult cancer patients: few resources address family issues that arise when a parent with dependent children has cancer.lx2 Helping parents to understand their children’s responses and better attend to their needs not only benefits the children but also aids the parents by addressing a substantial source of their concern and anxiety. This report describes a short-term psychoeducational intervention that is designed to address parenting concerns and children’s adjustment when a parent has cancer. Following the lines of a model developed for families with parental affective illness, information is provided to parents about how families and children cope and adjust when a parent is ill. Although cancer and affective illness differ in important ways, a comparison of findings about these two disorders suggests that they present families with similar challenges: (1) both cause substantial and often unpredictable disruptions in the daily lives of parents and children; (2) they are a major source of psychological distress, not only for the person who is ill, but also for other family members; (3) their practical and psychological effects can cause increased strain in marital relationships, making it hard for parents to support one another and their children; and (4) communicating about them is often difficult, both within the family and with outside social supports, contributing to family members’ feelings of guilt, confusion, and i~olation.~
The puzzle of Australian union decline

In the last 15 years, unionization rates in Australia dropped from more than 50% of the employed labor force to less than 40%-the lowest level of union organization since the 1930s. In contrast to western European trends, Australian unions declined while collective bargaining became more centralized and the Labor Party enjoyed unprecedented electoral success. Changes in the industrial or occupational structure account for little of the union decline. Analysis of social survey data suggests that narrowing differences in union ization across occupations and sectors accompany shrinking membership. Results also show that the gap in union organizing is growing between the young and middle-aged and workers in small and large firms. These develop ments are interpreted in the light of shifting institutional, work, and market conditions in the Australian economy.
Blind multi-channel identification of ARMA systems: a least-squares approach

A least-squares approach is proposed for blind multichannel identification of auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) systems. The AR parameters are identified by solving the modified Yule-Walker equations. The MA parameters are identified by exploring the cross-relation between the outputs.
Etiological paradigms of depression: The relationship between perceived causes, empowerment, treatment preferences, and stigma

Background: There is a growing trend to view depression as a biological illness rather than a psychosocial condition, even though there is no consensus as to what causes depression. Furthermore, there are mixed data on the impact of advocating the biological model.Aims: This study examined public perceptions concerning the etiology of depression as well as the relationship between such perceptions and treatment preferences, empowerment, and stigma.Method: Survey techniques were used to assess how 66 college students view the etiology of depression. Etiology beliefs, as well as demographic data, were regressed upon measures of treatment preference, empowerment, and stigma.Results: Factor analysis produced three distinct models of etiology: biological, psychological, and environmental. Regression analyses showed that endorsement of the biological model was associated with increased empowerment, preference for psychotherapy, and decreased stigma. Endorsing the psychological model was associated with an incre...
Surface gravity wave turbulence: three wave interaction?

Abstract We consider the turbulence of potential deep-water surface gravity waves, which have dispersion law Ω k = g k (g is the gravity constant, k=| k | ). It is well known that there are no three wave resonance interaction for such waves, and the lowest-order resonance involves four waves. We show the importance of almost resonance three wave interactions; in particular, they determine the life-span of these waves, provided the range of scales is large enough.
Electrothermal lifetime prediction of polyimide wire insulation with application to aircraft

This work investigates the electrothermal lifetime of a commonly used polyimide wire insulation material, Kapton®, through the use of thermogravimetry (TG) and breakdown voltage testing. From TG, an isoconversional model-free kinetic evaluation was used to obtain a relationship between the activation energies of degradation for Kapton as a function of weight loss. By relating the electrical life theory and the TG theory through the model defined by Toop (IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 1971, 6, 2), the electrothermal lifetime of Kapton has been calculated for conditions of 12 and 14.7 kV over a temperature range of 250–400°C. The resulting model can be used to make lifetime predictions for wire insulation degradation in aging aircraft for improved safety and risk assessment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1639–1644, 2013
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES FROM MIDLIFE TO EARLY OLD AGE: Implications for the Maintenance of Mental Health

Changes from midlife to old age are described and conceptual models of adult development are discussed to debunk some commonly held stereotypes. Effects of biological change on behavior; age differences in learning, memory, and motivation; and age changes in intelligence and personality are considered, including implications for primary prevention, diagnosis, and social intervention.
CONSUMER FOOD SAFETY CONCERNS AND INTEREST IN PESTICIDE-RELATED INFORMATION

Consumer food safety concerns and interest in pesticide related information was measured by personal interviews with 479 consumers in 14 counties in California. Although concern about pesticide safety was noted by almost half of the respondents, nutritional considerations had the greatest impact on food selection criteria. Of those who volunteered pesticide safety concerns, 15% indicated they sought organic produce and 13% said they avoided or reduced produce purchases. In addition to information about the human health effects of pesticide use, consumers expressed high interest in the environmental effects of pesticide use. Consumers currently use television and newspapers as information sources and prefer these to other sources.
Familial testicular torsion in three consecutive generations of first-degree relatives

We report the first and largest family with testicular torsion in three consecutive generations affecting four first-degree relatives. The incidence of familial testicular torsion is under reported in the literature. We recommend eliciting family history in evaluation of acute scrotum, as a useful adjunct for clinical decision making. In families with a strong predisposition to testicular torsion, management should include family counseling about the significant risk of occurrence of this condition.
Parallels between the reading and spelling deficits of two subgroups of developmental dyslexics

The spelling errors of third graders who fit phonological and surface profiles of developmental dyslexia were analyzed, along with the errors of younger (reading level matched) and chronologically age matched non-dyslexic comparison groups. In Study 1, errors were analyzed as phonologically constrained, unconstrained, or inaccurate and as either orthographically acceptable or unacceptable. Study 2 extended the error classifica- tion system to nonword spellings. The main finding was that different types of dyslexics produced different types of errors. Both studies found that children produced spelling errors consistent with their type of dyslexia. The phonological group showed poor knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences, consistent with the existence of a phonological deficit. The surface group's spelling error profile differed from the phonological group and closely resembled the younger normal comparison group. This pattern is consistent with other evidence that surface dyslexia represents a general delay in acquiring literacy skills. The studies provide converging evidence, from a spelling task, that developmental dyslexia is a non-homogeneous category consisting of at least two major subtypes with distinct etiologies and behavioral sequelae.
Perceived Links Between Physical Problems and Stress May Be Clouded by Dissociative Processes

This study investigated the relationships between dissociative experiences, somatization and participants' perceptions regarding the contribution of stress to their physical problems. Seventy undergraduate students were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Bernstein & Putnam, 1986) and a physical symptom checklist which included questions about the frequency and severity of various physical symptoms as well as participants' perceptions of the contribution of stress to their physical symptoms. A significant positive relationship was found between DES scores and self-reported frequency and severity of somatic symptoms. Participants with higher DES scores were less likely to attribute their physical problems to stress than subjects with lower DES scores.
“Just Talk to Me”: Communicating With College Students About Depression Disclosures on Facebook

Abstract Purpose To determine acceptability, preferred communication medium, and other key considerations for intervention by friends, professors or resident advisors, and strangers in response to college students' references to depression on the social networking site Facebook. Methods Facebook profiles belonging to 18- to 19-year-old students (n = 60) at a large public university were evaluated for references to depression. In-person, structured interviews assessed how students would prefer to be approached by a friend, professor or resident advisor, or stranger if that person saw displays of depression on the student's Facebook page. We coded interview transcripts for approach acceptability, communication medium, and emerging themes. We used chi-square tests to assess differences between depression displayers and non-displayers. Results The sample was 60% female with a mean age of 18.5 years. All students were accepting of intervention approaches by friends. Most (93%) were accepting of an approach by known adults. Approximately half would accept an approach by a stranger, but this proportion was 26% lower among those who had displayed depression references on Facebook than among non-displayers ( p = .072). In-person communication was preferred for approaches made by friends and adults. E-mail or using a student's friend as an intermediary was preferred if a stranger were to intervene. Conclusions In-person communication from friends or trusted adults is the preferred means for raising concerns about a student's signs of depression displays on Facebook. Programs that encourage resident advisors and peers to respond in this manner and encourage treatment may represent a way to improve access to care for depression.
Alternative data processing for frequency-domain optical coherence tomography

In frequency-domain optical coherence tomography the tissue scattering function is recovered by a simple inverse Fourier transform (IFT) of the measured power spectrum. Instead, we report that taking an IFT of the square-root of the same power spectrum improves the axial-resolution and reduces the auto-correlation noise.
Factor XIII and adipocyte biology.

In this issue of Blood , Myneni et al demonstrate a role for the A (transglutaminase) subunit of factor XIII (FXIII-A) in cell culture models of differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes.[1][1] This finding is potentially of great importance in light of recent genome-wide association and
Optics and photonics education centers of excellence: an opportunity for international collaboration

The increased demand for highly educated and trained workers in optics and photonics is evident in many countries. Colleges and universities that provide this education can benefit greatly from support by non-profit National Education Centers of Excellence that conduct research in workforce needs, design curricula, develop industry-validated teaching materials, train new faculty and establish models for laser/optics laboratories. In 2006, the National Science Foundation (NSF) established OP-TEC, the National Center for Optics and Photonics Education, which encourages and supports U.S. colleges to educate and train an adequate supply of high quality technicians to meet the workforce demand by companies, institutions and government agencies. In 2013 and 2014 NSF awarded grants to establish regional photonics centers in the southeast U.S. (LASER-TEC) and the Midwest (MPEC). These Centers work cooperatively with OP-TEC, sharing resources, teaching materials and best practices for colleges with photonics technician education programs. This successful “center organization plan” that has evolved could be adopted in other countries, and international cooperation could be established between similar Centers of Education in Photonics education.
Second Best Practices?: Addressing Mediation's Definitional Problems in Environmental Siting Disputes

This article explores the potential value of interested parties who serve a mediative function in environmental siting disputes and whether they meet the definitional requirements to be called mediators. For almost forty years, local agencies have relied on mediators to manage contentious adjudicative decisions such as the siting of facilities. Who qualifies as a mediator, however, is not always clear. According to some best practices, environmental mediators should be highly trained and experienced professionals who do not have a stake in the outcome of the decision. This combination of experience and lack of interest in the outcome offers the greatest assurance that the mediators will be impartial process managers who can maintain a balance of power and guard against inappropriate substantive bias in the outcome. However, in some successful siting negotiations, interested parties have taken responsibility for managing the process as a mediator and have assumed the title of the mediator. Labeling these interested parties as “mediators” raises many of the definitional problems confronted by mediation in general. While interested parties can and do perform valuable mediative functions in many disputes, there is also a danger that their bias can lead to corrupt results that harm the parties as well as promote societal misperceptions of mediation. This article presents two case studies where interested parties played the role of a mediator in contentious siting decisions and explores whether the label of “mediator” is appropriate. Interested parties can mediate siting decisions; however, calling them “mediators” raises problems for the instant dispute and for the general understanding of mediation. To the extent that participants afford mediators elevated status, this comes from a mediator’s neutrality and talent. By casually referring to unqualified individuals as mediators, participants are, at best, in danger of wasting time in poorly designed and managed processes and, at worst, vulnerable to corrupted outcomes. The author suggests that labeling these interested parties as “quasi-mediators” can clarify some of the confusion surrounding the expectation of mediators while taking advantage of collaborative capacity among disputants.
Remembrances of Hannelore Wass

A brief tribute to a dear friend and former colleague, Hannelore Wass, these remembrances evidence her delightfully humorous and mischievous side as well as celebrate her long and illustrious career. A woman in full, she is sorely missed but fondly remembered.
Eighth Circuit and Professional Judgment: Retrenchment of the Constitutional Right to Refuse Antipsychotic Medication, The

This Article examines the confused evolution of the right to refuse antipsychotic medication. The complex and difficult issues presented by this emerging legal concept are illustrated by an analysis of the initial right to refuse litigation in Rennie and Rogers. A description of the Supreme Court's review and remand of these two cases as well as its intervening decision in Youngberg follows. The Article then focuses on the impact these Supreme Court decisions have had on subsequent federal right to refuse cases. Special emphasis is placed on the Eighth Circuit's unqualified adoption of Youngberg's professional judgment standard. In addition, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit's recent shift from a protective due process approach to the Eighth Circuit's position is described.The Article maintains that reliance on the Supreme Court's reasoning in Youngberg, as well as on other cases in which it has displayed a great amount of deference to institutional decision making, is misplaced in drug refusal litigation. It is argued that forced medication determinations involve protected individual interests, which are different from and more important than those addressed by the Supreme Court in Youngberg and similar cases. In addition, the adverse side effects posed by drug therapy present a far greater intrusion on a patient's constitutionally protected interests than do the institutional interventions previously at issue before the Supreme Court. As a result, the state interests necessary to justify forced medication must be compelling. In addition, the procedural protections necessary in medication determinations must be more extensive than those offered by the professional judgment standard.The Article further describes state cases addressing the right to refuse issue. It chronicles how state courts have generally avoided employing the professional judgment standard either by distinguishing the relevant Supreme Court cases or relying on state constitutional, statutory or common law. Special treatment is given to the Washington Supreme Court's recent decision in Harper v. State, due to the United States Supreme Court's grant of certiorari. The Article concludes by maintaining that the Eighth Circuit as well as other courts which have adopted the professional judgment approach in drug refusal cases are in fact misinterpreting and misusing the standard; that while professional judgment is a procedural means for implementing a constitutional right, these courts are instead using the doctrine to define the protected individual interest involved. Moreover, even when properly employed, the standard offers inadequate protection to patients refusing antipsychotic medication, considering the lack of medical knowledge about these potentially dangerous drugs and the substandard conditions in public mental hospitals.
The Impact of High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes on Vehicle Miles Travelled

Proponents of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes claim HOV lanes reduce vehicle miles traveled by encouraging more people to carpool. This is thought to reduce congestion, improve air quality, and save fuel. However, HOV lanes are expansions in highway capacity (especially when built as additional lanes) and as such encourage vehicle travel. Traffic simulation models have found evidence for and against the effectiveness of HOV lanes, but so far no study has looked at the effects of HOV lanes on vehicle miles traveled across a wide range of cities. This paper uses a national dataset and exploits the structure of the Clean Air Act to find that building HOV lanes increases vehicle miles traveled. The Clean Air Act encourages non-attainment areas to build HOV lanes as a traffic control measure. Using ozone non-attainment as an instrument for the placement of HOV lanes, this paper shows HOV lanes increase traffic volume. Thus, the Clean Air Act’s provisions for building HOV lanes as an environmental tool are troubling since HOV lanes appear to increase, not decrease, traffic volume.
Hinduism and Law

Beginning with a review of the interaction between religion and law in premodern periods, this essay presents in more detail the complex developments since the seventeenth century up to the present day. This includes the creation of ‘Anglo-Hindu’ law, colonial administration of justice (including the legal treatment of disapproved Hindu practices), and the gradual restriction of Hindu law to matters of family law; legal treatment of Hindus and Hindu institutions under secular law in modern India and Nepal; and Hindu religion under modern secular law outside of South Asia. Throughout, the emphasis is on the fruits of research in the last thirty years or so, especially current developments.
Bounded Laplace Transforms

(1942). Bounded Laplace Transforms. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 600-604.
The Merchandising Decision under Uncertainty

Retailing institutions have become enormous, complex operations. One result has been an increasing tendency to turn toward quantitative techniques and models as a means of helping the merchant solv...
Overexpression of C/EBPβ-LIP, a Naturally Occurring, Dominant-Negative Transcription Factor, in Human Breast Cancer

Background When cells fail to maintain a balance between proliferation, terminal differentiation, and programmed cell death, cancer often results. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors regulates many genes involved in the processes of proliferation and terminal differentiation. The messenger RNA for C/EBPbeta is translated into two major isoforms, LAP (liver-enriched activating protein) and LIP (liver-enriched inhibitory protein). LIP levels appear to be elevated in mouse mammary tumors but not in hyperplastic mammary tissues. We tested whether LIP expression is elevated in human breast cancer and whether elevated expression is associated with biologic predictors of the aggressiveness of the disease. Methods Homogenates of infiltrating ductal carcinoma specimens from 39 women were analyzed for C/EBPbeta protein content by western blot analysis, and the ratio of LAP to LIP in specimens containing high levels of LIP (i.e., levels approximately 15 times higher than those in tumor specimens that express little or no LIP) was also determined. Nonparametric statistical analyses were performed. Results LIP was present at high levels in nine of 39 specimens of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Eight of the nine specimens of infiltrating ductal carcinoma that contained high levels of LIP were negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (ER-/PR-); all nine tumors were aneuploid and poorly differentiated, and eight of nine were highly proliferative. Of the tumors that contained LIP at low or nondetectable levels, six of 30 were ER-/PR-, 17 of 29 were aneuploid, eight of 27 were highly proliferative, and 11 of 30 were poorly differentiated. Implication LIP expression should be evaluated further as a prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer.
Rabies Epidemic Situation Analysis of the Junction of Guangdong,Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces in 2001-2010

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic factors of rabies of the junction of Guangdong,Fujian and Jiangxi provinces in recent 10 years and provide the scientific basis for rabies prevention and control measures. Method The epidemic data of infectious diseases and rabies epidemic investigation case data of 2001-2010 were collected from Guangdong province Pingyuan county,Fujian province Wuping county,and Jiangxi province Xunwu county and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results 2001-2010 48 cases of rabies cases were reported with a mean annual incidence rate of 0.53/10 million,occurred through out the year and more incidences in autumn(40%),a sex ratio of 1.5 to 1,high incidence for the age group of 40-70 years(62.5%), occurred mainly in rural areas,farmer and students.Cases caused by head and facial bites showed a short incubation period,while lower limb bite showed a longer latency.83.3% case did not have standardized wound treatment and 87.5% cases without vaccination. Conclusions At the junction of Guangdong,Fujian and Jiangxi provinces rabies epidemic is serious. Low consciousness of prevention of the disease, no proper treatment after dog bites and no injection of rabies vaccine are the main reasons leading to high incidence of rabies.
Radiative decay modes of heavy leptons in e - e + annihilation

We study the kinematical and dynamical features of the normal and radiative decays of heavy leptons (of mass 1.8 GeV) in e/sup -/e/sup +/ annihilation. We find that the angular distribution of e-..mu.. events shows very distinctive behavior depending on the form of the radiative decay interaction. (AIP)
THE WAY I SEE IT: When is a citation just a frustration? Librarians must stand up for the patron

Pour une action des bibliothecaires en faveur du respect des regles concernant l'ecriture des citations
REST SCAN DOES NOT IMPROVE AUTOMATIC MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTION OF MAJOR ADVERSE CORONARY EVENTS AFTER HIGH SPEED MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING

Background: We aimed to compare the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) by machine learning (ML) using clinical information and automatically derived image variables from stress and rest scans. Methods: 2619 consecutive patients (48% male, 62±13 years), undergoing high speed SPECT,