cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The application of flipped classroom in pediatric physical therapy

Background: Flipped classroom is a novel pedagogical approach that promotes active learning in many fields of medical education. However, little is known about how to implement flipped classroom learning in pediatric physical therapy. Purpose: The paper reports the design, implementation, and evaluation offlipped classroom in pediatric physical therapy. Methods: Motor facilitation videos were uploaded to Youtube. The students were required to watch the videos and commend on-line before the class. The teacher designed classroom activities based on the student commends and key points of the topic. During the class, the students participated in classroom activities and demonstrated what they learned fromYoutube videos. The students observed the clinical skills of their peers andpoint outwhat needs to be refined in termsof the facilitation skills. The teacher answered the on-line commends and provided feedback for the demonstration of the students. Clinical skill examination and questionnaire were used to evaluate the outcome of the innovative pedagogy. Results: The final examination scores (78.96± 12.03) of the clinical skills were significantly higher than the midterm scores (70.24± 11.80). The students indicated watching motor facilitation video onYoutubewas helpful to their learning because they can watch the videos before and after the class for many times. They practiced the facilitation skills with their peers before the class. Their skills were refined during the class with commend of the teacher and peers. They also felt more confident for the performance in the final examination. Conclusion(s): Flipped classroom pedagogy can effectively promote the learning outcome in Pediatric Physical Therapy. The students achieved better scoreswithmore active and positive learning experiences. Implications: Flipped classroom pedagogy is feasible in the teaching of pediatric physical therapy.
Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: An Update on Demographics, Clinical Presentation, Pathophysiology, Animal Models, Prognosis, and Treatment

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common acute ischemic optic neuropathy. The condition typically affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, though it may occur in younger age groups. Recent evidence suggests that its prevalence is higher than previously estimated. The clinical presentation of NAION is very classic and includes acute loss of visual afferent function (acuity, field and/or color) with the funduscopic appearance of an edematous optic nerve. The unaffected fellow eye usually has a small, crowded appearance described as a ‘disc at risk’. The pathophysiology of NAION is believed to be multi-factorial with the common pathway being circulatory insufficiency of the small caliber vessels supplying the optic nerve head. However, the exact location and mechanism of ischemia are still under debate. Prognosis of NAION is guarded; up to 50% of patients may have acuity of 20/200 or less with significant visual field loss, though approximately 40% will have improvement in their acuity. There are currently two animal models employed in investigating the histopathologic, molecular, and electrophysiologic changes seen in NAION. Treatment of the condition is quite controversial. Numerous medical and surgical interventions have been tried without clear evidence of benefit. The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial demonstrated no benefit of optic nerve sheath fenestration in acute NAION. The role of oral corticosteroids is unclear, as is the use of aspirin in the prevention of the condition in the fellow eye. Several other promising agents are currently under investigation for the treatment of acute NAION.
Optimizing the evidence for linkage by permuting marker order.

We developed a new marker-reordering algorithm to find the best order of fine-mapping markers for multipoint linkage analysis. The algorithm searches for the best order of fine-mapping markers such that the sum of the squared differences in identity-by-descent distribution between neighboring markers is minimized. To test this algorithm, we examined its effect on the evidence for linkage in the simulated and the Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) data. We found enhanced evidence for linkage with the reordered map at the true location in the simulated data (p-value decreased from 1.16 × 10-9 to 9.70 × 10-10). Analysis of the White population from the COGA data with the reordered map for alcohol dependence led to a significant change of the linkage signal (p = 0.0365 decreased to p = 0.0039) on chromosome 1 between marker D1S1592 and D1S1598. Our results suggest that reordering fine-mapping markers in candidate regions when the genetic map is uncertain can be a critical step when considering a dense map.
Science, Practice, and Place

Place-oriented inquiry and practice are proposed as keys to overcoming the persistent gap between science and practice. This chapter begins by describing some of the reasons science fails to simplify conservation practice, highlighting the challenges associated with the social and ecological sciences of multi-scaled ­complexity. Place concepts help scientists and practitioners address the inevitably incomplete, plural, and uncertain character of all knowledge and suggest productive ways forward that not only embrace this pluralism but find greater efficacy and advantage in the multiplicity of context-dependent positions occupied by scientists and practitioners, each differentially shaped by individual life history. The chapter then highlights a growing body of literature in sociology and public administration that has begun to address the broad challenge of governing complex social-ecological systems. These emerging theories recognize that much of contemporary governance takes place outside formal government institutions and bureaucracies and involves increasingly complex linkages and collaborations among multiple public and ­private organizations. In governing complex systems informed practice can be conceived as guided by the emergent wisdom of networked actors and institutions governing complex systems, each informing one another in a collaborative form of rationality that operates both horizontally (place to place) and vertically (upwards and downwards in scale).
Tension in the Plaque: Hypoxia Modulates Metabolism in Atheroma

Investigators have long recognized low oxygen tension in the atherosclerotic plaque. The diffusion limitation for molecular oxygen through the relatively avascular center of the plaque decreases the supply of this gas. Inflammatory cells accumulate in the core of atheromata. These cells have high metabolic rates and correspondingly high oxygen consumption, increasing demand (Figure). Human and experimental atheromata have hypoxic regions. Animal studies have shown that hypoxia augments atherogenesis.1,2 Recent work has highlighted the myriad mechanisms by which hypoxia may contribute to atheroma evolution and complication.3,4 Figure. Hypoxia in atherogenesis. This figure illustrates selected examples of the manifold effects of hypoxia in atheromata; see text for explanation. 15-LOX-2 indicates 15-lipoxygenase-2; ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette A 1; FA, fatty acid; GLUT-1, glucose transporter 1; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; HMG-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. Pathologists have long appreciated the microvasculature of plaques. The rise of Judah Folkman's concept of tumor angiogenesis as a growth-promoting mechanism in malignancy stimulated parallel thinking in atherosclerosis research.5 Plaque neovessels may stimulate lesion growth and provide a portal with a large surface area for penetration of inflammatory cells. Fragile neovessels in atheromata, as in the diabetic retina, may prove prone to hemorrhage. Extravasated erythrocytes furnish a local depot of cholesterol-rich red cell membranes and of heme, a source of iron—which is a catalyst for oxidative stress. Thrombosis in situ may elicit cycles of thrombin-mediated smooth-muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation and hence lesion growth. Thus the neovessels stimulated through the …
Multilocus analyses reveal little evidence for lineage‐wide adaptive evolution within major clades of soft pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus)

Estimates from molecular data for the fraction of new nonsynonymous mutations that are adaptive vary strongly across plant species. Much of this variation is due to differences in life history strategies as they influence the effective population size (Ne ). Ample variation for these estimates, however, remains even when comparisons are made across species with similar values of Ne . An open question thus remains as to why the large disparity for estimates of adaptive evolution exists among plant species. Here, we have estimated the distribution of deleterious fitness effects (DFE) and the fraction of adaptive nonsynonymous substitutions (α) for 11 species of soft pines (subgenus Strobus) using DNA sequence data from 167 orthologous nuclear gene fragments. Most newly arising nonsynonymous mutations were inferred to be so strongly deleterious that they would rarely become fixed. Little evidence for long-term adaptive evolution was detected, as all 11 estimates for α were not significantly different from zero. Nucleotide diversity at synonymous sites, moreover, was strongly correlated with attributes of the DFE across species, thus illustrating a strong consistency with the expectations from the Nearly Neutral Theory of molecular evolution. Application of these patterns to genome-wide expectations for these species, however, was difficult as the loci chosen for the analysis were a biased set of conserved loci, which greatly influenced the estimates of the DFE and α. This implies that genome-wide parameter estimates will need truly genome-wide data, so that many of the existing patterns documented previously for forest trees (e.g. little evidence for signature of selection) may need revision.
Accuracy of parental reporting of immunization.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of parental reporting of their children’s immunization status. One hundred eight consecutively admitted children to Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center were sampled during October and November 2001. Review of the immunization record, recording the immunizations documented, and matching it with the parents’ report was done for children in whom the parents brought the cards. The primary care physician was contacted to verify the immunization status for children for whom the parents did not bring the card during hospitalization or for whom there was a mismatch between the card and the parents’ report. The study included 100 patients (8 were excluded). Forty-nine patients had their immunization cards on admission; 18 brought the cards later during the hospital stay. Of the 100 parents questioned, 98 stated that their children are up to date and 2 stated that their children are missing vaccinations. Of the 98 parents who stated that their child...
Trends in the Prevalence of Ketoacidosis at Diabetes Diagnosis: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

OBJECTIVE: To estimate temporal changes in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes in youth and to explore factors associated with its occurrence. METHODS: Five centers identified incident cases of diabetes among youth aged 0 to 19 years starting in 2002. DKA presence was defined as a bicarbonate level RESULTS: In youth with type 1 diabetes ( n = 5615), the prevalence of DKA was high and stable over time (30.2% in 2002–2003, 29.1% in 2004–2005, and 31.1% in 2008–2010; P for trend = .42). Higher prevalence was associated with younger age at diagnosis ( P P = .019), income ( P = .019), and lack of private health insurance ( P = 008). Among youth with type 2 diabetes ( n = 1425), DKA prevalence decreased from 11.7% in 2002–2003 to 5.7% in 2008–2010 ( P for trend = .005). Higher prevalence was associated with younger age at diagnosis ( P = .001), minority race/ethnicity ( P = .013), and male gender ( P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of DKA in youth with type 1 diabetes, although stable, remains high, indicating a persistent need for increased awareness of signs and symptoms of diabetes and better access to health care. In youth with type 2 diabetes, DKA at onset is less common and is decreasing over time.
Body-fixed complex-coordinate coupled-channel formalism for rotational predissociation of van der Waals molecules

Abstract The method of complex-coordinate coupled-channel (CCCC) formalism previously developed in the space-fixed (SF) frame is reformulated in the body-fixed (BF) frame, more appropriate for strong-coupling van der Waals complexes. The utility of the method is demonstrated through a study of the level widths and energies of rotationally predissociating atom-diatom model systems. The possible usefulness of incorporating the centrifugal decoupling approximation in the BF CCCC theory is pointed out.
Stem Cells and the Regeneration of the Aging Cardiovascular System

It is well established that cardiovascular repair mechanisms become progressively impaired with age and that advanced age is itself a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although therapeutic developments have improved the prognosis for those with cardiovascular disease, mortality rates have nevertheless remained virtually unchanged in the last twenty years. Clearly, there is a need for alternative strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the idea that the heart is capable of regeneration has raised the possibility that cell-based therapies may provide such an alternative to conventional treatments. Cells that have the potential to generate cardiomyocytes and vascular cells have been identified in both the adult heart and peripheral tissues, and in vivo experiments suggest that these cardiovascular stem cells and cardiovascular progenitor cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, are capable of replacing damaged myocardium and vascular tissues. Despite these findings, the endogenous actions of cardiovascular stem cells and cardiovascular progenitor cells appear to be insufficient to protect against cardiovascular disease in older individuals. Because recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular stem cells and cardiovascular progenitor cells are subject to age-associated changes that impair their function, these changes may contribute to the dysregulation of endogenous cardiovascular repair mechanisms in the aging heart and vasculature. Here we present the evidence for the impact of aging on cardiovascular stem cell/cardiovascular progenitor cell function and its potential importance in the increased severity of cardiovascular pathophysiology observed in the geriatric population.
Selectivity estimation for string predicates: overcoming the underestimation problem

Queries with (equality or LIKE) selection predicates over string attributes are widely used in relational databases. However, state-of-the-art techniques for estimating selectivities of string predicates are often biased towards severely underestimating selectivities. We develop accurate selectivity estimators for string predicates that adapt to data and query characteristics, and which can exploit and build on a variety of existing estimators. A thorough experimental evaluation over real data sets demonstrates the resilience of our estimators to variations in both data and query characteristics.
Notes from the 2001 American Society of Anesthesiologists annual meeting.

LAST OCTOBER, KEY ASPAN leaders attended the 2001 American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana. President Susan Shelander, Vice President/President Elect Linda Wilson, and ASPAN Liaison to the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Denise O’Brien attended the opening ceremonies on October 14 as President Shelander was introduced to the House of Delegates and officers of the ASA. During the following days, ASPAN members Katrina Arceneaux, Karla Lucas, and Janet Waddell staffed an ASPAN booth in the Scientific Exhibit area, while Ms Shelander, Ms Wilson, and Ms O’Brien visited exhibitors, attended lectures and presentations, and participated in meetings of the Anesthesia Care Team and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation.
Meanders and Detached Eddies of a Strong Eastward-Flowing Jet Using a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model

Abstract The process of meander growth on and eddy detachment from an eastward flowing oceanic jet, which is modeled after the Gulf Stream east of Cape Hatteras, is studied using numerical solutions of nonlinear equations. The equations express potential-vorticity conservation in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model with a weak planetary β effect. Solutions are restricted to a spatially periodic, temporally growing case. Initially, small-amplitude meanders are given, being superimposed on the jet. The solutions describe a process in which the meanders grow increasingly larger, the larger meanders are cut off, and cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies are detached southward and northward, respectively. Concurrent with the eddy detachment, an eastward flow is restored in the upper layer, and the lower layer develops an eastward flow under the restored jet and two westward flows north and south of it. A baroclinic instability is very effective in meander growth, while a weak β effect is necessary for eddy detachme...
Prostaglandins and Vascular Wall

Prostaglandins (PGs) are potent vasoactive agents. Prostaglandins of the F series (PGFs) constrict mainly capacitance vessels, whereas prostaglandins of the E series (PGEs) dilate arterioles, metaarterioles, precapillaries and venules (Greenberg and Sparks, 1969) in most organs except for nasal mucosa (Nakano, 1973). There are also species differences in vascular reactivity to PGE. PGE2 constricts renal blood vessels of rats and potentiates vascular sensitivity to pressor hormones in renal (Malik and McGiff, 1975a; Mullane et al., 1976), mesenteric (Malik and McGiff. 1975b; Horrobin et al., 1974) and coronary (Horrobin et al., 1974) regions. Also isolated rat aorta, carotid and femoral arteries keep their tone owing to a continuous generation of PGEs and are relaxed by PG synthetase inhibitors (Rioux and Regoli, 1975). Therefore speaking about vasoditator properties of PGEs we have to exclude rates. In most other species, including man.
Measurement of SQL

Since development of the database query language, SQL, began, there have been behavioral experiments to measure and improve its ease of use. These experiments are important in their own right. In addition, they are examples of how methodology in the new field of “software human factors” is developing. The present paper, written for the 17th annual IBM Computer Science Symposium at Nemu-no-sato, Japan, uses the experiments with SQL as a springboard to illustrate both the progress that has been made in this new field and the problems that still remain.
Application of ultrasound energy for intracardiac ablation of arrhythmias

Ultrasound is a potential energy source for cardiac ablation. Small ultrasound applicators were tested for their ability to create lesions in cardiac tissue. Ultrasound applicators were designed, constructed and tested in canine cardiac tissue in degassed normal saline, and both in vitro and in vivo, lesions were produced by using transducers with frequencies of about 10 MHz. Lesion depth increased with longer duration of energy delivery from 15-60 s, and there was a linear relationship between increasing power and depth of lesions. Seven in vivo experiments in open-chest dogs were performed, and the ultrasound transducers were mounted on the tip of 7-French angiographic catheters. On the epicardium the maximum lesion depth was 9 mm. When the transducer was inserted into the left ventricle, lesions of 8.7 +/- 2.9 mm (n = 4) were produced. It is concluded that an ultrasound transducer mounted on a cardiac catheter can produce lesions that may be useful for ablation of cardiac arrhythmias.
Treason's Return

On October 11, 2006, the Department of Justice indicted Adam Gadahn on charges of treason and providing material support to a designated foreign terrorist organization. Because Gadahn's alleged crimes consist solely of participating in propaganda videos, his case strongly resembles the last wave of treason prosecutions of American civilians, many of which involved citizens who served as propagandists for Germany and Japan during World War II. In those prosecutions, the government employed an "aid and comfort" theory of treason; today, that theory raises First Amendment problems. Instead, the government should prosecute Gadahn under the "levying war" prong of the Treason Clause on the basis of his participation in a campaign of psychological warfare against the United States.
Management-organization effectiveness as revealed by NRC diagnostic evaluation

As part of the issuance of a license to operate a nuclear power plant, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) determines that the prospective licensee is qualified to engage in the activities authorized by the operating license. The NRC now places greater importance on the effect of management and organizational effectiveness on operating plant performance and has developed new tools for evaluation of plant performance and the effectiveness of license management in ensuring high levels of safety. The diagnostic evaluation (DE) program was developed by the NRC to assess management and organizational effectiveness at operating plants. A DE is a broad-based evaluation of licensee and plant safety performance. A major objective of a DE is the assessment of license management and organizational effectiveness. Plants are chosen based on a perceived need for NRC's senior management to better understand that plant's performance. A DE seeks to determine area(s) of strengths and weaknesses in a licensee's management and organization. In the case of performance weaknesses, a DE seeks to determine the root causes of these weaknesses as well as the adequacy and effectiveness of licensee improvement initiatives to address the significant performance weaknesses and their root causes.
Situational Determinants of Supervisor Attributions and Behavior

Forty subjects, randomly assigned to a supervisory role in either a reward power only or penalty power only condition, supervised two successful subordinates, one closely and one generally, and two...
SPACEWATCH STUDIES OF THE POPULATION OF EARTH-APPROACHING ASTEROIDS

The Spacewatch Project was the first to use CCDs to discover Earth-approaching asteroids (EAs), has been discovering EAs steadily for a decade, and has used the results to estimate the statistical properties of the EA population. Spacewatch has discovered 235 EAs and measured and reported more than 5,200 positions of more than 390 EAs. Spacewatch has contributed more astrometric observations of EAs fainter than V=20 with subsequently secured orbits than all other search and followup programs combined. The wellunderstood properties of the Spacewatch survey make it possible to estimate that only 44% of EAs with H<18 have been found by all groups (Bottke et al. 2000, 2001). Bottke et al. also predict that most of the undiscovered EAs tend to have more extreme values of orbital parameters, making them more difficult to detect. This justifies Spacewatch's emphasis to reach faint and sense slow angular motions. A mosaic of CCDs on the 0.9-m telescope will increase that telescope's rate of coverage of sky area by six times while preserving its faint limiting magnitude of V=21.7. The 1.8-m telescope has a limiting magnitude of VX22.6 and can do sophisticated scans directly along the ecliptic or along the lines of variation of targets for recovery. Approximately 300 detections of EAs should be made per year with the mosaic on the 0.9-m telescope and 50-100 per year with the 1.8-m telescope, not counting targets of deliberate recovery. Recovery
Developmental Effects of Ethyl Methanesulfonate and Thiotepa in Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

The effects of various concentrations of a monofunctional alkylating agent, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), and a trifunctional alkylating agent, thiotepa, on 3 stages in the development of the PUGU strain of Aedes aegypti were tested. Eggs, pupae, and adult populations were treated with 0.025%, 0.050%, 0.075%, and 0.10% concentrations of the chemomutagens. Viable adults derived from the treated eggs and pupae were cross-mated, as were the treated adults. Egg production, percentage hatchability, viability, and productivity in the Fl generation were employed to measure the developmental effects. Treatment with EMS did not significantly reduce egg production, percentage hatchability, or total productivity when administered at any of the 3 stages. However, thiotepa induced sterility at all concentrations when male and female adults were treated. Sterility was induced in eggs treated with thiotepa at concentrations of 0.050% and 0.075%; a significant decrease in productivity was shown at both 0.025% and 0.10% thiotepa. Significant reductions in total mean F1 progeny were found at the 0.050%, 0.075%, and 0.10% concentrations of thiotepa when the pupae were treated. Overall, EMS was less effective in altering the life cycle of Ae. aegypti than was thiotepa.
Survey of currently selected dental implants and restorations by prosthodontists.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to survey the prosthodontists of the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) and the American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics (AAMP) to identify the most commonly used implant both during their training and currently in practice, and to evaluate overall restorative preference. Participants were asked to rank criteria that make an implant company desirable and important features when selecting an implant. Materials and methods An electronic survey was emailed to 1,739 members of the ACP and AAMP. Results The majority of respondents (79%) were trained using Nobel Biocare brand implants, which was also the brand most often selected by participants for use in all regions of the oral cavity (34% to 39%, location dependent). Abutment preferences varied by area: incisors and canines (29%) and highly esthetic areas (53%) were more likely to be restored with custom milled zirconia abutments, while prefabricated titanium abutments were preferred for premolars and molar areas. Conventional loading was most often applied, ranging from 95% in medically compromised patients to 55% in esthetic areas. The majority of participants (86%) used Locator attachments for complete overdenture restorations. Also, respondents selected an implant company based on features and literature support versus cost and customer service. The implant features deemed most important were the design of the internal connection and ease of finding replacement parts; thread design and variety of abutments were deemed least important. Respondents reported that while implant planning software was used, they rarely/never order the concurrent surgical guide. Conclusion Within the study's limitations, the majority of prosthodontists select implants based on training, features, and literature support.
Comparison of Allozyme and Morphological Relationships in Some Aedes (Stegomyia) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Numerical-taxonomic methods were employed to determine congruence between morphological and allozymic measurements in the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris group of mosquitoes. In addition, allozymes alone were used to examine relationships between three species groups ( aegypti, w-albus, and scutellaris ) of A. (Stegomyia) . Adult morphological traits and allozymes fit well with geographic distributions and classical taxonomic assignments, whereas larval traits were less reliable. The allozyme relationships at the group and subgroup levels were consistent with previous systematic treatments, in that all species fell into independent and cohesive clusters. However, the albopictus subgroup within scutellaris showed a slightly greater affinity to w-albus than to its closer relatives in the scutellaris subgroup.
The Prospects for a New Political Alignment 1

Although a naive economist, I am quite conscious of the way in which the forces of inertia, self-interest, and sentiment combine to give persistent vitality to those two old parties which, so far as ideas are concerned, are so perfect an example of the embalmer's art. Not only do these parties have the network of precinct and local organization upon which effective political work must rest, but they also furnish to ambitious men and women the sole avenues to immediate political power. Perhaps most important of all is the fact that their trade-marks and totemistic deities tap large wellsprings of genuine, if benighted, sentiment in the hearts of millions of humble and undistinguished men and women. To the farmers of the Middle West, the Republican party is still a glorious fellowship of the consecrated Knights of the Grail, who, in times past, prevented slavery from creeping up the Mississippi Valley, gave homesteads to the people, fought the Civil War, and bequeathed Abraham Lincoln to the ages. Similarly, nostalgic Southerners regard the Democratic party as an integral part in that vista of the glorious days before the Civil War when cotton was king and their statesmen dominated Capitol Hill, and also as the corporate representative of that chivalrous group of men in white armor who finally overthrew carpet-bag government and negro domination, and who by their efforts finally made Southern Caucasian civilization free at last. Such being the assets of the old parties as going concerns, it is not surprising that progressively minded leaders like Senators Norris and Borah should wish to stay inside the party breastworks and utilize the accumulated resources of organization and sentiment for their own purposes, rather than to surrender the good-will value of the party label to their opponents.
Research on Routing Overhead for Ad Hoc Networks

Systemic and in-depth research on routing overhead for Ad Hoc networks is conducted in this paper.Based on analyzing routing overhead mechanism,several typical approaches and strategy for overhead optimization are studied and summarized,including Flooding optimization techniques,multi-scope techniques,increment HELLO techniques,least-overhead routing approach and on-demand strategy,etc.then the effect brought by nodes density,traffic,mobility on routing overhead is studied by simulation,as well as brought by MAC protocols.
Field and Laboratory Experiments in Retailing and Marketing Research

In-store field experiments and laboratory experiments have been frequently used in retailing and marketing research. This paper reviews the relative benefits and liabilities associated with field and laboratory experiments. We find that both of these approaches have contributed in the past to retailing and marketing knowledge.
Real ear versus artificial mastoid methods of calibration of bone-conduction vibrators.

Two studies were carried out to determine the usefulness of the artificial mastoid for calibration of bone-conduction vibrators as opposed to that of the real-ear calibration technique. It was foun...
Keyserling after the Council of Economic Advisers: “The Conference on Economic Progress”

After those years on the Council of Economic Advisers to the President, neither Leon Keyserling nor his wife, Mary Dublin Keyserling, retired. Neither one of them ever were the type of people to retire. There were too many things that needed to be done. One of the immediate projects of Leon Keyserling, as well as that of his wife, was the Conference on Economic Progress, which kept track of the economy; of economic policies; of the policies of the post-Truman Presidential Administrations; and proposed specific solutions to economic problems via the publications of the Conference on Economic Progress (CEP). There are too many such publications to deal with specifically here. However, the highlights of these in terms of the problems that Keyserling saw and the development of his thinking over the Post-Truman Era, 1953 to 1987, will be highlighted. They will show the development of both Keyserling and the economy of the nation from 1953–87. Keyserling’s emphasis on growth, the role of low interest rates, the cost of high interest rates, and other social needs will be seen throughout. Herein, I will pick some of the “Conference Reports” that I believe to be the most important or relevant for today.
Deformation in holomorphic Poisson manifolds

Abstract In this paper, we consider deforming a coisotropic submanifold Y in a holomorphic Poisson manifold ( X , π ) . Under the assumption that Y has a holomorphic tubular neighborhood, we associate Y with an L ∞ -algebra that controls the deformations of Y. This L ∞ -algebra can also be extended to control the simultaneous deformations of the holomorphic Poisson structure π and the coisotropic submanifold Y.
Epidemiology of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in the United States Military.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To comprehensively quantify established risk factors for the development of lower extremity stress fractures within a contemporary U.S. military cohort. Methods: Using the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database, all U.S. service members diagnosed with tibia/fibula, metatarsal, other bone, femoral neck, and femoral shaft stress fractures were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification code from 2009 to 2012. Incidence rates (IRs) and adjusted IRs controlling for sex, race, age, rank, and branch of service were obtained with multivariate Poisson regression analysis. Results: Between 2009 and 2012, 31,758 lower extremity stress fractures occurred among 5,580,875 person-years, for an unadjusted IR of 5.69 per 1,000 person-years. Tibial/fibular (40%) involvement was the most common. Bimodal age distribution revealed that service members under 20 years old (23.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.52, 23.55) or ≥40 (6.86; 95% CI 6.65, 7.07)...
How are School Dropout Rates Related to Household Characteristics: Analysis of Survey Data from Bangladesh

AbstractHuman capital accumulation is one of the key drivers of economic growth especially in developing countries that are trying to catch up in per capita income with the developed world. A high dropout rate of children from school can significantly impede growth. This paper presents evidence on school dropout rate being affected by household characteristics and social background. We investigate dropouts by using a large data-set from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. A fractional logit model, a beta regression model, and for comparison a simple OLS model all indicate our empirical strategy to be fairly robust. The large incidence of households having a child quitting school to enter the labor market also allows us to study the dropout using a probit model. We find many interesting results. Children from poor families with less educated parents drop out sooner with a lasting effect on educational outcomes. Households that have more than three children or more than five members also exp...
Endovascular aneurysm repair patients who are lost to follow-up have worse outcomes

Abstract Background Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines recommend 1- and 12-month follow-up with computed tomography imaging for the year after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). We describe the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of EVAR patients who are lost to follow-up (LTF). Methods All patients undergoing elective EVAR in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) data set (January 2003-December 2015) were stratified according to long-term follow-up method (in-person vs phone call vs LTF). Mortality was captured for all patients by linkage with the Social Security Death Index. Univariable statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to compare groups. Coarsened exact matching analysis was then performed to refine the association between LTF and risk of post-EVAR death. Results During the study period, 11,309 patients underwent elective EVAR (78% in-person follow-up, 11% phone call follow-up, 11% LTF). On univariable analysis, LTF patients had larger baseline aneurysms, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, more comorbidities, and worse baseline functional status compared to patients with in-person or phone call follow-up ( P ≤ .05). Procedural factors (contrast material volume, blood transfusions, postoperative vasopressor use) were higher in the LTF group, as was the incidence of postoperative complications ( P ≤ .05). Accordingly, LTF patients had longer postoperative lengths of stay and were less frequently discharged to home ( P P P P P Conclusions EVAR patients with more comorbidities and a higher incidence of in-hospital complications tend to be more frequently LTF and ultimately have worse survival outcomes. In-person follow-up is associated with better post-EVAR survival and a higher rate of postoperative imaging. Phone follow-up confers a mortality risk equivalent to lack of follow-up, possibly as a result of inadequate postoperative imaging. Surgeons should stress the importance of office-based postoperative follow-up to all EVAR patients, particularly those with poor baseline health and functional status and more complicated perioperative courses.
Non-MARC Databases and the Census Level Record

In the preceding article, Hope Mayo discussed the potentials of the MARC record for cataloging manuscripts from the perspective of someone who has both cataloged manuscripts and been involved in professional librarianship, that is with the world of AACR2 and MARC records.1 This article, as the title suggests, offers the perspective of projects involving medieval manuscripts, microfilmed manuscripts, and collections of catalog descriptions which use computers, but do not use MARC records as a standard. There are valid reasons for this choice, which, in the case of the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library’s computer cataloging project, was made deliberately. In exploring . . .
Jan Vansina (1929–2017): a founder figure in the study of Africa’s past, early and recent

Jan Maria Jozef Vansina, Vilas Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, died peacefully at home on 8 February 2017, surrounded by his family. He was born on 14 September 1929 in A...
Modeling the Population Effects of Hypoxia on Atlantic Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico: Part 1—Model Description and Idealized Hypoxia

We developed a spatially explicit, individual-based model to analyze how hypoxia effects on reproduction, growth, and mortality of Atlantic croaker in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico lead to population-level responses. The model follows the hourly growth, mortality, reproduction, and movement of individuals on a 300 × 800 spatial grid of 1-km2 cells for 140 years. Chlorophyll-a concentration, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were specified daily for each grid cell and repeated for each year of the simulation. A bioenergetics model was used to represent growth, mortality was assumed stage- and age-dependent, and the movement behavior of juveniles and adults was modeled based on temperature and avoidance of low DO. Hypoxia effects were imposed using exposure effect submodels that converted time-varying exposures to low DO to reduced hourly growth, increased hourly mortality, and reduced annual fecundity. Results showed that 100 years of either mild or intermediate hypoxia produced small reductions in population abundance, while repeated severe hypoxia caused a 19% reduction in long-term population abundance. Relatively few individuals were exposed to low DO each hour, but many individuals experienced some exposure. The response was dominated by a 5% average reduction in annual fecundity of individuals. Under conditions of random sequences of mild, intermediate, and severe hypoxia years occurring in proportion to their historical frequency, the model predicted a 10% decrease in the long-term population abundance of croaker. A companion paper substitutes hourly DO values from a three-dimensional water quality model for the idealized hypoxia and results in a more realistic population reduction of about 25%.
Computerized Prediction of Radiological Observations Based on Quantitative Feature Analysis: Initial Experience in Liver Lesions.

We propose a computerized framework that, given a region of interest (ROI) circumscribing a lesion, not only predicts radiological observations related to the lesion characteristics with 83.2% average prediction accuracy but also derives explicit association between low-level imaging features and high-level semantic terms by exploiting their statistical correlation. Such direct association between semantic concepts and low-level imaging features can be leveraged to build a powerful annotation system for radiological images that not only allows the computer to infer the semantics from diverse medical images and run automatic reasoning for making diagnostic decision but also provides “human-interpretable explanation” of the system output to facilitate better end user understanding of computer-based diagnostic decisions. The core component of our framework is a radiological observation detection algorithm that maximizes the low-level imaging feature relevancy for each high-level semantic term. On a liver lesion CT dataset, we have implemented our framework by incorporating a large set of state-of-the-art low-level imaging features. Additionally, we included a novel feature that quantifies lesion(s) present within the liver that have a similar appearance as the primary lesion identified by the radiologist. Our framework achieved a high prediction accuracy (83.2%), and the derived association between semantic concepts and imaging features closely correlates with human expectation. The framework has been only tested on liver lesion CT images, but it is capable of being applied to other imaging domains.
Services Innovation: Decision Attributes, Innovation Enablers, and Innovation Drivers

Innovation in the services area — especially in the electronic services (e-services) domain — can be characterized by six decision-oriented attributes: decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive. These attributes constitute the decision informatics paradigm. In turn, decision informatics is supported by information and decision technologies and based on the disciplines of data fusion/analysis, decision modeling and systems engineering. Out of the nine major innovation enablers in the services area (i.e., decision informatics, software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization), decision informatics is shown to be a necessary enabler. Furthermore, four innovation drivers (i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation) are identified; all four are directed at empowering the individual — that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy, one driven by intangible ideas and services innovation.
Internet-accessible radiographic database of Vietnam War casualties for medical student education.

Rationale and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of archiving radiographic images from Vietnam era conflict casualties into a personal computer-based electronic database of text and images and displaying the data using an Internet-accessible database for preservation and educational purposes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patient cases were selected at random from a pool of 1,000 autopsy reports in which radiographs were available. A total of 74 radiographs from these cases were digitized using a commercial image scanner and then uploaded into an Internet accessible database. The quality of the digitized images was assessed by administering an image-based test to a group of 12 medical students. Results: No statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences were found between test scores when using the original radiographs versus using the digitized radiographs on the Internet-accessible database. Conclusion: An Internet-accessible database is capable of effectively archiving Vietnam era casualty radiographs for educational purposes.
The USFL as a Case Study

As a rival league, the USFL was quite unremarkable. It lasted only 3 years, had numerous franchise and ownership changes, and lost tens of millions of dollars. Perhaps more importantly, it failed to gain the merger with the NFL that so many of the upstart league’s owners desperately sought.
Bearing-only Cooperative Localization

In cooperative localization a group of robots exchange relative position measurements from their exteroceptive sensors and their motion information from interoceptive sensors to collectively estimate their position and heading. For the localization errors to be bounded, it is required that the system be observable, independent of the estimation technique being used. In this paper, we develop a test-bed of three ground robots, which are equipped with wheel encoders and omnidirectional cameras, to implement the bearing-only cooperative localization. The simulation and experimental results validate the observability conditions, derived in Sharma et al. (IEEE Trans Robot 28:2, 2011), for the complete observability of the bearing-only cooperative localization problem.
Duodenal Ulcer and Dopamine: New Elements in Pathogenesis and Therapy

ABSTRACT This review demonstrates the usefulness of cysteamine- or propionitrile-induced duodenal ulcers in the rat for pharmacologic and pathophysiologic studies. The animal models were used to elucidate the involvement of dopamine which may represent a new element in both the pathogenesis and therapy of duodenal ulceration. Dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine or lergotrile), either as a pre- or post-treatment, decreased the intensity of the acute and chronic duodenal ulcers and diminished the output of gastric acid in animals given cysteamine or propionitrile. We also demonstrated the existence of specific dopamine binding sites in gastric and duodenal mucosa and muscularis propria. The chemically induced duodenal ulceration was associated with changes in the sensitivity and number of these dopamine receptors.
Self-Defense, Deterrence, and the Use Objection: A Comment on Victor Tadros’s Wrongs and Crimes

In Wrongs and Crimes, Victor Tadros argues that wrongdoers acquire special duties to those they’ve wronged, and from there he generates wrongdoers’ duties to contribute to general deterrence by being punished. In support, he contends that my manipulation argument against compatibilism fails to show that causal determination is incompatible with the proposed duties wrongdoers owe to those they’ve wronged. I respond that I did not intend my manipulation argument to rule out a sense of moral responsibility that features such duties, and that I don’t believe it does. In fact, I’m willing to accept a restricted version of Tadros’s proposal, and I explain how this addition modifies the self-defense-based position on deterrence that I’ve defended in the past.