cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology for cancer screening and diagnosis: from innovations to clinical applications

Abstract There have been extensive studies aiming at applying nanotechnology to advance biosensing and imaging to improve screening and diagnosis of cancers. Nanotechnology-enhanced biosensing could improve screening and early detection of cancers while guiding personalized medicine. Nanotechnology-enabled imaging has the promise of advancing early detection of cancers, determining localization or spread of cancer, confirming successful removal of all residual cancerous tissue during surgeries, monitoring in real-time the response of the cancer to therapy (theranostics), or guiding delivery to the site of cancer. Such studies have been ongoing for nearly two decades now; nonetheless, very few nanomaterials are clinically used for cancer screening or diagnosis. This chapter reviews the existing applications of nanotechnology to cancer screening and diagnosis, reports on the status of their clinical use, and examines some challenges that have been hindering clinical applications.
Finite element simulation of restrained shrinkage cracking of cementitious materials: Considering moisture diffusion, aging viscoelasticity, aleatory uncertainty, and the effects of soft/stiff inclusions

Abstract Simulation of restrained ring shrinkage and cracking of cementitious materials in a multiphysics simulation framework (MOOSE) is discussed in this paper. The 3D numerical model analyzes residual stress development and crack initiation/propagation in cement pastes by applying an eigenstrain which varies over the depth of the specimen based on the relative humidity of the pores as moisture diffuses from the drying surface. The numerical modeling framework explicitly considers: (i) moisture diffusion that generates differential shrinkage along the depth of the specimen (ii) viscoelastic response of aging cementitious materials through a rate-type creep law based on generalized Maxwell model, (iii) isotropic damage model with Rankine′s criterion determining the failure initiation, and (iv) aleatory uncertainty-based distribution of tensile strengths of individual finite elements to account for statistical variability and associated microstructural size effects. The model is implemented for cement pastes containing compliant/stiff inclusions subjected to variable drying conditions. The numerical model can be used to compare the cracking propensity of different cementitious mixtures.
Language as Symbolic Power

Language is not simply a tool for communication - symbolic power struggles underlie any speech act, discourse move, or verbal interaction, be it in face-to-face conversations, online tweets or political debates. This book provides a clear and accessible introduction to the topic of language and power from an applied linguistics perspective. It is clearly split into three sections: the power of symbolic representation, the power of symbolic action and the power to create symbolic reality. It draws upon a wide range of existing work by philosophers, sociolinguists, sociologists and applied linguists, and includes current real-world examples, to provide a fresh insight into a topic that is of particular signiﬁcance and interest in the current political climate and in our increasingly digital age. The book shows the workings of language as symbolic power in educational, social, cultural and political settings and discusses ways to respond to and even resist symbolic violence.
Existential Psychoanalysis in America

It is the task of the present chapter to demonstrate the manner in which Sartre’s existential psychoanalysis was received by American psychology in the 1950s and 1960s. We will argue that Sartre’s own form of analysis, developed most explicitly toward the end of Being and Nothingness, together with his critique of Freudian psychoanalysis, the most sustained form of which is found in the chapter of Being and Nothingness entitled “Bad Faith,” served as an alternative to the predominance of orthodox psychoanalysis and behaviorism in the United States. As we will show, Sartre represents a movement away from the conception of the human being determined by biological givens and unconscious forces, or as an entity governed by patterns established through operant conditioning. Both of these schools and approaches, it is worth noting, fall under what Ludwig Binswanger termed homo natura (Binswanger 1963, p. 150). However, in critiquing the biological reductionism and determinism of the tradition of psychology, Sartre moves toward a non-essentialist humanism which interprets neurosis through a confrontation with one or more of the following themes—namely, freedom, death, isolation, and meaninglessness—and interprets the behavior of the subject as rooted in a fundamental life-choice. This existentialist critique and orientation influenced the development of American psychology during these decades and continues to do so up to the present day. In thus influencing and re-orienting American psychology, we would also like to signal its philosophical import, demonstrated in the shift of focus from the Kantian categories of causality, actuality, and necessity, to those of community, possibility, and contingency. And finally, we would like to show the manner in which Sartre’s critique of Freud and behaviorism is similar to that which Kierkegaard leveled at Hegel, only, instead of not wanting to kneel before the system, Sartre did not want to drown in the depths of the unconscious (Kierkegaard 1941, pp. 97–98). Thus, while providing an account of the history of Sartre’s reception, we also hope to provide a conceptual account of his influence on the history of American psychology.
Lifestyle Modification Practices and Drug Prescription Use in Elderly Americans with Metabolic Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Abstract Aim To determine differences in lifestyle modification practices and use of prescription drugs in a representative sample of Mexican American (MA), non-Hispanic White (NHW), and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) elderly Americans with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods Data from the United States National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys were used in this study. Lifestyle modification practices include ongoing physical activity, weight control, and ongoing diet modifications. Prescription drugs include anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, insulin sensitizers, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, fibrates, and cilostazol. Race/ethnic-specific prevalence odds ratios from the multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between selected independent variables and MetS control (defined as the use of lifestyle modification practices or prescription drugs), adjusting for covariates. Results The rates of ongoing weight control (73.4% versus 68.1% in MA and 66.3% in NHW) and diet modification practices (78.1% versus 77.4% in MA and 66.7% in NHW) were higher among NHB, and rate of ongoing physical activity (61.8% versus 52.8% in NHW and 56.4% in NHB) was higher among MA participants compared to their other racial/ethnic elderly counterparts (P Conclusions Given the clinical importance of MetS, improving knowledge-based health decisions relative to lifestyle modification practices is very important. Moreover, sources of low-cost medications that links elderly patients with drug prescription coverage programs may help to improve the management of MetS.
Regional Performance of Apical Support Procedures at Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Indications: What Is the Role of Surgeon Training?

Objective The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with performance of concomitant apical support procedures (ASPs) with benign hysterectomy at a regional medical system. Methods Benign hysterectomies performed within 1 regional medical system from January 2011 to November 2017 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and 10th Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Primary outcome was performance of concomitant ASP. χ2 Tests compared categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with performance of concomitant ASP. Results A total of 12,345 benign hysterectomies were performed during the study period. Uterovaginal prolapse was the primary diagnosis in 924 (7.48%) hysterectomies and an associated diagnosis in 1180 (9.56%) hysterectomies. A total of 686 patients (5.56%) had concurrent ASPs: 119 (17.3%) in patients without a diagnosis of prolapse and 567 (82.7%) with prolapse. Using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age, race, insurance type, hospital type, procedure year, hysterectomy route, and surgeon training in patients with a diagnosis of prolapse, older age, supracervical hysterectomy, and surgeon training were associated with performance of ASPs. Conclusions Even in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of uterovaginal prolapse, ASPs are not routinely performed at time of hysterectomy. Fellowship-trained surgeons were more likely to perform ASPs. Ongoing educational efforts during training and postgraduate at the national and regional level on the importance of reestablishing apical vaginal support at time of hysterectomy is needed to prevent incident and recurrent post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse.
Unicuspid aortic valve: Case series and review

A unicuspid aortic valve is a very rare valvular lesion. Its physical manifestations vary and are associated with other cardiovascular abnormalities such as aortic stenosis/insufficiency and aortopathy. Echocardiography remains the modality of choice, with computerized tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance used as adjunctive imaging. Herein, we present a case series of three patients with unicuspid aortic valves treated at our institution, with a focus on 2D and 3D echocardiographic imaging.
The Hispanic/Latinx Perinatal Paradox in the United States: A Scoping Review and Recommendations to Guide Future Research

For decades, epidemiologists have documented a health advantage among Hispanic/Latinx individuals who live in the United States, despite their significant socioeconomic barriers. This observation is often described as the "Hispanic paradox." In this scoping review, we aimed to summarize literature published on Hispanic/Latinx perinatal outcomes over the past two decades and place these findings within the context of the overarching "Healthy Immigrant" paradox. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they utilized large population datasets to describe rates of preterm birth, low birth weight and infant mortality among Hispanic/Latinx women living in the United States. To focus on the most recent trends, studies were excluded if they were published prior to the year 2000. Globally, Hispanic/Latinx women appear to continue to have improved perinatal outcomes compared to non-Hispanic Black infants, while rates of adverse outcomes appear similar for Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic White women. However, our review emphasizes the heterogeneity of outcomes experienced by Hispanic/Latinx women. The epidemiologic advantage among Hispanic/Latinx women and their infants may be largely concentrated among specific national origin subgroups or among recently arrived foreign-born Hispanic/Latinx women. Given the disparities that exist among Hispanic/Latinx women, we provide a summary of themes to explore in future research and methodologic recommendations that may assist in identifying important subgroup differences and their determinants.
Readmission After Emergency General Surgery: NSQIP Review of Risk, Cause and Ideal Follow-Up.

Abstract Background The Emergency General Surgery (EGS) population is particularly at high risk for readmission. Currently, no system exists to predict which EGS patients are most at risk. We hypothesized that a subset of EGS patients could be identified with increased 30-day unplanned readmission. We also hypothesized that a majority of readmissions occur sooner than the conventional 2-week follow-up period. Methods National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) nonelective general surgery patients were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors with increased odds of unplanned readmission. AAST EGS Diagnosis Categories were used to categorize postop ICD-9 codes, and the top 10 CPT codes in each group were analyzed. Readmission rate, the reason for unplanned readmission, and time to readmission were analyzed. Results A total of 383,726 patients were identified with a readmission rate of 8.1% within 30 d of their primary procedure. The top 50 CPT codes accounted for 84% of EGS readmissions. Increased readmission risk was demonstrated for underweight patients (OR = 1.15, P 2 d, any inpatient pulmonary complications, and discharge to any facility or rehab (all P Conclusions A high-risk subpopulation exists within EGS, and most readmissions occur sooner than a typical 2-week follow-up. Early interventions for high-risk EGS subpopulations may allow for early intervention and reduction of unnecessary healthcare utilization.
The role of cardiorespiratory fitness on quality of life in midlife women.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in a sample of healthy midlife women aged 40 to 65 years. METHODS Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a VO2max test. Quality of life was assessed with the menopause-specific Utian Quality of Life scale (UQOL). The UQOL measures overall quality of life, which comprises health, emotional, occupational, and sexual domains. Simple and multiple linear regression models were built to analyze relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and overall quality of life as well as the separate UQOL domains. RESULTS Forty-nine women with an average age of 52.5 years were included in the analysis. In simple linear models, cardiorespiratory fitness was related to overall (R2 = 0.34, P < 0.001), health (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.001), emotional (R2 = 0.08, P = 0.05), and occupational (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.03) quality of life. In multiple regression models, cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with overall (P < 0.01) and health (P < 0.001) quality of life, after controlling for physical activity, age, body mass index, and time sedentary. CONCLUSIONS Higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with better quality of life during midlife, particularly in the health domain. Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness may be a useful means to promote quality of life in this population.
Variability in the initial costs of care and one-year outcomes of observation services.

Introduction: The use of observation units (OUs) following emergency departments (ED) visits as a model of care has increased exponentially in the last decade. About one-third of U.S. hospitals now have OUs within their facilities. While their use is associated with lower costs and comparable level of care compared to inpatient units, there is a wide variation in OUs characteristics and operational procedures. The objective of this research was to explore the variability in the initial costs of care of placing patients with non-specific chest pain in observation units (OUs) and the one-year outcomes. Methods: The author retrospectively investigated medical insurance claims of 22,962 privately insured patients (2009-2011) admitted to 41 OUs. Outcomes included the one-year chest pain/cardiovascular related costs and primary and secondary outcomes. Primary outcomes included myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke or cardiac arrest, while secondary outcomes included revascularization procedures, ED revisits for angina pectoris or chest pain and hospitalization due to cardiovascular diseases. The author aggregated the adjusted costs and prevalence rates of outcomes for patients over OUs, and computed the weighted coefficients of variation (WCV) to compare variations across OUs. Results: There was minimal variability in the initial costs of care (WCV=2.2%), while the author noticed greater variability in the outcomes. Greater variability were associated with the adjusted cardiovascular-related costs of medical services (WCV=17.6%) followed by the adjusted prevalence odds ratio of patients experiencing primary outcomes (WCV=16.3%) and secondary outcomes (WCV=10%). Conclusion: Higher variability in the outcomes suggests the need for more standardization of the observation services for chest pain patients. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(3):395–400.]
Iris manipulation during phacoemulsification: intraoperative and postoperative complications.

AIM To quantify intraoperative and postoperative complications in complex phacoemulsification cataract extraction (phacoemulsification) with iris manipulation compared to non-complex and complex phacoemulsification without iris manipulation. METHODS All phacoemulsification cases at the University of Colorado between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2017 were included. Exclusion criteria for the primary outcome of intraoperative complications were planned combination surgery and eyes with less than 28d follow-up. Exclusion criteria for the secondary outcomes of postoperative complications were unplanned additional surgery, and chronic steroid eye drop use prior to surgery. Data including sex, race/ethnicity, surgery length, visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and intraocular pressures (IOP) were collected and analyzed utilizing general linear and Logistic regression modeling. RESULTS The medical records of 5772 eyes were reviewed (500 complex without iris manipulation, 367 with iris manipulation). The number of any intraoperative complication in the complex with iris manipulation and complex without iris manipulation groups was 15 (4.1%) and 26 (5.2%), respectively, compared to 41 (0.8%) in the non-complex group. Postoperative inflammation was found in 135 (2.8%) non-complex cases, 20 (4.1%) complex cases without iris manipulation, and 20 (5.6%) complex cases with iris manipulation. The adjusted odds ratio of postoperative inflammation in phacoemulsification with iris manipulation compared to non-complex was 2.3 (95%CI: 1.3-4.0, P=0.005). The rate of IOP spikes >10 mm Hg was significantly greater in cases with iris manipulation (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Complex cases have more intraoperative complications. However, only complex cases with iris manipulation led to increase rates of postoperative inflammation and IOP spikes >10 mm Hg.
Predictors of cannabis use among first-time justice-involved youth: A cohort study.

Abstract Background Justice-involved youth use cannabis at higher rates than their same-aged peers increasing likelihood of adverse behavioral health consequences and continued legal involvement. This study examined individual level predictors of early onset use cannabis use ( Methods Participants were 391 first-time justice-involved youth (56.9 % male; Mage = 14.6 years; 32.1 % White, 11.1 % Black, 14.7 % Other/Multi-racial, 42.2 % Latinx) and an involved caregiver (87.2 % female; Mage = 41.0 years). Baseline assessments captured individual level factors; cannabis use was assessed every four months post-baseline for 12 months. Primary analyses involved multivariable modified Poisson regressions and survival analysis. Results In multivariable models, youth who reported lifetime cannabis use (n = 188, 48.1 %) were older, reported alcohol use and positive cannabis use expectancies. Greater self-control and self-concept were associated with lower likelihood of lifetime cannabis use. Youth who initiated cannabis during the 12-month follow-up (n = 30, 14.8 %) tended to be older, White/non-Latinx, and to report more psychiatric symptoms (posttraumatic stress, externalizing, internalizing, and affect dysregulation), delinquent behavior, lower levels of self-control, poorer self-concept, greater drug use intentions and positive cannabis expectancies. In the multivariable survival analysis, affect dysregulation, internalizing symptoms, and more positive cannabis expectancies remained independently and positively associated with cannabis initiation. Conclusions There is a critical and unique window of opportunity to prevent cannabis use initiation among first-time justice-involved youth. Research is needed to determine whether brief interventions that aim to modify expectancies about cannabis use reduce rates of cannabis initiation in this underserved population.
High-throughput crystal structure solution using prototypes

Numerous experimentally observed inorganic compounds are missing from materials databases due to challenges in solving their crystal structures from diffraction data. The authors present a rapid DFT-based structure solution method and use it to conduct high-throughput structure solutions for hundreds of previously unsolved compounds. This effort has yielded 520 experimentally observed, newly solved crystal structures, a remarkable expansion that could prove valuable across a wide range of applications.
Model Correction and Updating of a Stochastic Degradation Model for Failure Prognostics of Miter Gates

Abstract Understanding the degradation of the quoin block is vital for failure prognostics in miter gates. Due to the complicated degradation mechanism, degradation models based on simplifications and assumptions cannot accurately describe the damage evolution. It is observed that small errors in a simplified degradation model can lead to a large discrepancy in the remaining useful life estimation attributed to error accumulation over time. Aiming to address this issue in failure prognostics, this paper presents a dynamic model correction framework for a simplified degradation model using strain measurements. In the proposed framework, a polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) model is employed to compensate the missing physics in a simplified stochastic degradation model. A maximum likelihood estimation method is developed to estimate the uncertain parameters of the simplified physics-based degradation model along with the unknown PCE model parameters using strain measurements as the observables. The updated damage degradation model is then applied to failure prognostics of a miter gate. Results of a case study show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the accuracy of failure prognostics in miter gates.
Adaptive Security Dialogs for Improved Security Behavior of Users

Despite the increasing awareness of the importance of security for daily computer users, we see that many users still fail to behave securely when confronted with a security-related decision. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to security-related dialogs called Adaptive Security Dialogs (ASD). This approach is a combination of a new architecture and a new way of interacting with users to provide them with appropriate and effective security dialogs. ASD realizes this goal by matching the complexity and intrusiveness of security-related dialogs to the risk associated with the decision the user is making. This results in an architecture in which users can focus on their tasks, get (immediate) feedback on their decisions, and interact with dialogs with an appropriate complexity and appearance for the decision's associated risk. This paper makes the following three contributions. First, we introduce a general architecture for handling security-related decisions. Second, through an empirical user study using a web-based e-mail client, we show significant improvement in the care exercised by our participants without sacrificing usability. Third, we describe how the different pieces of existing research fit into the bigger picture of improving users' behavior.
Decomposition of Control in a Hierarchical Framework for Manufacturing Systems

We describe a method for decomposing the real-time scheduling of complex manufacturing systems to limit computation time. It is based on a classification of events by frequency and location. An algorithm is described that includes feedback to compensate for random events. Simulation results are presented.
The determination of sulfate as barium sulfate: In the presence of metals of the acid hydrogen sulfide group

Abstract Experimental results are given indicating the accuracy obtained when the sulfate ion is determined as barium sulfate before and after the removal of the metals of the acid hydrogen sulfide group from the solution. Solutions of cadmium, mercury, bismuth, copper, antimony, arsenic and tin were used in the determinations.
Evidence of fiscal differentials and intrametropolitan firm relocation.

significant impact on intraurban business location decisions. However, he also notes that intrametropolitan property tax differentials may equal as much as 10% of a firm's profits. In these cases, one might expect that fiscal variables would affect the intraurban location decision of firms. Oakland also suggests that most studies which have examined intraurban industry location have inappropriately treated the firm's business location decision only from the demand side. Specifically, the firm's demand for space or site choice is presumed to be unrestricted by zoning or other exclusionary practices of local governments. Recent research by Fischel (1975) and Fox (1978) suggests that some local governments rationally exclude firms from locating within their boundaries or supply no industry sites. They argue that residents of communities derive utility from environmental quality, public goods and private goods. The presence of industry in a jurisdiction presumably leads to more increases in tax revenues than in expenditures, and the presence of industry permits the consumption of more local public and private goods at the expense of environmental quality. Communities with stronger preferences for environmental quality will require higher ax revenues from firms or larger increases in private and public goods in order to accept losses in environmental quality. Some communities with very strong preferences for environmental quality may want to increase their property tax rate on firms to adequately compensate them for losses of environmental quality. However, since the property tax rate must be applied uniformly to residential and nonresidential property, residents are essentially constrained to trade increased public goods for losses in environmental quality and losses in private consumption. If communities find either of these tradeoffs unacceptable, then they are likely to zone very little or no land for industrial and commercial use. Thus, Oakland argues, the inclusion of communities that zoneout firms in an analysis of firm site choice ma lead to biased estimation results, especially with regard to fiscal variables. A complete analysis of the location of firms should be based on a demand for
Praying for a Recession: The Business Cycle and Protestant Religiosity in the United States

Some observers believe the business cycle influences religiosity. This possibility is explored in this paper by empirically examining the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and religious participation by U.S. Protestants. The findings of this paper suggest that there is a strong countercyclical component to religious participation in evangelical Protestant denominations while for mainline Protestants there is on balance a procyclical component to religious participation.
Adventure Leadership and Experiential Education

This chapter provides background in adventure education and its connection to student leadership pedagogy. An adventure program is the ideal experiential learning setting promoting students' leadership development through direct experience, reflection, and application.
Performance of Individual Hearing Aids Utilizing Microphone and Induction Coil Input.

Physical measurements of gain, maximum power output, frequency response, and harmonic distortion were made on each of two body-type hearing aids on both the microphone and induction coil settings. ...
Precision of circadian wake and activity onset timing in the mouse.

In each circadian cycle, a mouse begins its major activity period with discrete wake onset and activity onset events. The precision with which these events are timed in constant darkness was analyzed using the approach outlined by Pittendrigh and Daan (1976). 1. Negative serial correlations of observed circadian period values (mean r1=−0.471 for wake data, −0.409 for activity data) imply that deviations in period tend to be compensated by opposite deviations in the following cycle. 2. As a result, precision of the circadian pacemaker must be better than that of observed rhythms. Standard deviation of the pacemaker periodσ(Τ) was estimated at 5.1 min. Some individual data series had estimates s(Τ)=0, implying a nearly perfect pacemaker. 3. Previous speculation was that wake onset would be under more direct pacemaker control than activity onset, and would therefore be timed more precisely (Pittendrigh and Daan 1976; Richardson et al. 1985). Contrary to this prediction, intervals between successive wake onsets exhibited significantly greater variance than intervals between successive activity onsets. Two possible interpretations of this finding were proposed.
Le rôle de l'aumônier lors d'une prise de décision bioéthique

Les organismes de soins de sante doivent faire face a des contraintes economiques serieuses qui menacent de demanteler des services essentiels. Le besoin d'une reforme se fait des plus pressants. La refonte des methodes administratives pourrait bien etre le meilleur remede pour ameliorer sensiblement la productivite sans nuire, pour autant, a la qualite et a la portee des services de sante essentiels. Cette refonte met au defi les organismes de soins de sante d'eliminer certaines fonctions ne contribuant pas a une organisation horizontale dans laquelle un nombre moins eleve de dispensateurs de soins assurent une plus grande variete de services de sante. La technologie de l'information a pour but de remplacer les verifications et les controles manuels. La refonte peut aider a implanter des nouveaux modeles de gestion, tels que les soins axes sur les patients, la direction par cas et la gestion des produits et des programmes. Avec le temps, l'amelioration continue de la qualite peut ameliorer le produit de la refonte.
Suitability of lipid extraction procedures for gas-liquid chromatography

A comparison of two methods of extracting liver tissue lipids has been made using a limited amount of experimental material. The extracts prepared by a procedure using Bloor’s reagent were more stable in storage, contained nearly 100% more total lipids and phospholipids, and produced more uniform and reproducible patterns on gas chromatographic analysis, than extracts of the same liver prepared by a diethyl ether Soxhlet extraction.
Mapping and analysis of HPV16 integration sites in a head and neck cancer cell line

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a circular double-stranded DNA virus implicated in at least 90% of cervical and anogenital cancers and has been observed in approximately 20% of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). Transcription of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 is regulated by expression of the E2 protein. Disruption of the E2 gene sequence due to viral integration results in upregulation of E6 and E7, which promote tumorigenesis by abrogating p53 and pRb functions. HPV integration sites in cervical and anogenital cancers have been mapped primarily to chromosomal fragile sites and in some cases have been shown to integrate within tumor suppressor genes or other cancer-related genes. To study viral integration sites in SCCHN, we examined an HPV16-infected SCCHN cell line cultured from a tongue-base tumor. HPV fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed multiple integrated viral DNA copies in blocks throughout the genome. Sequential FISH and spectral karyotyping identified integration sites on chromosomes 3, 6, 9q, 13q and t(1;8)(q;?). Restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (RS-PCR) was performed to identify the viral-cellular junctions. Sequence analyses confirmed integration sites at 9q31.1 and 6p21 and revealed a novel junction at 16p12.3. Subsequent chromosome breakage studies suggested that the observed viral-cellular integration sites may have occurred within common fragile sites. Additional studies using RT-PCR for E6--E7 viral transcripts showed oncoprotein expression from episomal and integrated viral sequences. Our results suggest that viral integration of HPV in SCCHN appears to occur nonrandomly through targeting specific chromosomal sequences prone to breakage.
Invocation of the Trinity and the Tradition of the Lorica in Old English Poetry

These lines are problematical in that Judith is an Old Testament heroine, and one would not expect a poet as sophisticated as the Judith poet to have an Old Testament figure speak as a Christian. Admittedly even good medieval poetry is often anachronistic; popular poetry such as the later medieval drama is strikingly so. Nevertheless, this passage remains a minor anomaly in Judith.2 Although I cannot justify Judith's anachronistic prayer on aesthetic
Activated Lymphocytes Induce Promoter Activity of the TCA3 Gene in Mast Cells Following Cell-to-Cell Contact

Aggregates of mast cells and lymphocytes have been found in inflamed tissues suggesting that lymphocytes may have the ability to activate mast cells through cell-to-cell contact. To examine this hypothesis, murine mast cells were transfected with a T cell activation gene-3 (TCA3)-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) construct, and these cells co-cultured with murine EL-4 (T), CH12.LX (B), WEHI-3 (myelomonocytic) or 3T3(fibroblast) cell lines. Co-culture of activated EL-4 or CH12.LX cells, but not WEHI-3 or 3T3 cells, with transfected mast cells induced a 5 to 7 fold increase in CAT expression which was dependent on the lymphocyte to mast cell ratio. Supernatants from activated EL-4 or CH12.LX cells did not induce CAT expression in transfected mast cells. These data demonstrate that activated lymphocytes have the ability to induce the promoter of the TCA3 gene in mast cells through a mechanism requiring cell-to-cell contact, and suggest the possibility that activated lymphocytes may effect other biologic processes in mast cells as well through such heterotypic activation.
Skin lesion image segmentation using a color genetic algorithm

The development of computer-aided diagnosis systems for skin cancer detection has attracted a lot of interest in the research community. In particular, the availability of an accurate automatic segmentation tool for detecting skin lesions from background skin is of primary importance for the overall diagnosis system. In this paper we investigate the capability of a color image segmentation method based on Genetic Algorithms in discriminating skin lesions. Experimental results show that the segmentation approach is able to detect lesion borders quite accurately, thus coupled with a merging technique of the surrounding region could reveal a promising method for isolating skin tumor.
The Infrared Spectrum of the Optically Thin Dust Shell of V705 Cassiopeiae (Nova Cassiopeiae 1993)

We report 1.25 to 18 mm infrared photometry spectroscopy of the optically thin dust shell of V705 Cassiopeiae (Nova Cas 1993) between 330 and 418 days after the outburst. The measurements show that the dust shell, which had been optically thick until at least day2131, now shows the spectral signatures of optically thin astrophysical silicate grains at 10 and 20 mm and hydrocarbons at 3.2‐3.4 and 11.3 mm. The 1‐8 mm continuum which is due to carbon dust is still present, although it no longer has a blackbody spectral energy distribution. We estimate mass of silicate grains required to produce the observed visual extinction and conclude that the condensible elements in the silicate grains may be overabundant with respect to hydrogen. Subject headings: circumstellar matter—dust, extinction—infrared: stars —stars: individual (V705 Cassiopeiae)
Biology of breast cancer and its clinical implications

Several established prognostic factors are used routinely in the clinical management of breast cancer. These factors include extent of axillary lymph node involvement, tumor size, histologic differentiation, and estrogen and progesterone receptor status. Unfortunately, these factors are not perfect predictors of outcome for the individual patient. This review highlights recent advances in the field of breast cancer biology that may ultimately improve our ability to predict prognosis more accurately, select therapy more appropriately, and possibly identify women who are at high risk for breast cancer development. In particular, studies addressing mechanisms of estrogen and antiestrogen resistance, clinical utility of flow cytometry, roles of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer growth, and biologic factors involved in invasion and metastases are reviewed.
Strategy for Identification of Novel Fungal and Bacterial Glycosyl Hydrolase Hybrid Mixtures that can Efficiently Saccharify Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass

A rational four-step strategy to identify novel bacterial glycosyl hydrolases (GH), in combination with various fungal enzymes, was applied in order to develop tailored enzyme cocktails to efficiently hydrolyze pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The fungal cellulases include cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I; GH family 7A), cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II; GH family 6A), endoglucanase I (EG I; GH family 7B), and β-glucosidase (βG; GH family 3). Bacterial endocellulases (LC1 and LC2; GH family 5), β-glucosidase (LβG; GH family 1), endoxylanases (LX1 and LX2; GH family 10), and β-xylosidase (LβX; GH family 52) from multiple sources were cloned, expressed, and purified. Enzymatic hydrolysis for varying enzyme combinations was carried out on ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX)-treated corn stover at three total protein loadings (i.e., 33, 16.5, and 11 mg enzyme/g glucan). The optimal mass ratio of enzymes necessary to maximize both glucan and xylan yields was determined using a suitable design of experiments. The optimal hybrid enzyme mixtures contained fungal cellulases (78% of total protein loading), which included CBH I (loading ranging between 9-51% of total enzyme), CBH II (9-51%), EG I (10-50%), and bacterial hemicellulases (22% of total protein loading) comprising of LX1 (13%) and LβX (9%). The hybrid mixture was effective at 50°C, pH 4.5 to maximize saccharification of AFEX-treated corn stover resulting in 95% glucan and 65% xylan conversion. This strategy of screening novel enzyme mixtures on pretreated lignocellulose would ultimately lead to the development of tailored enzyme cocktails that can hydrolyze plant cell walls efficiently and economically to produce cellulosic ethanol.
Beyond survival: how well do transplanted livers work? A preliminary comparison of standard-risk, high-risk, and living donor recipients

To help decrease mortality on the liver transplant waitlist, transplant centers are using living donors (LD) and high-risk donors (HRD) in addition to standard-risk donors (SRD). HRD is defined as having a donor risk index score higher than 1.6, which suggests a great risk of graft failure. Recent studies have examined survival rates between HRD and SRD recipients; however, little is known about outcomes other than survival, specifically psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this preliminary, prospective study was to compare post-transplant psychosocial and recovery outcomes between SRD and LD and HRD liver recipients. These outcomes include cognitive functioning, psychological distress, quality of life, and self-reported and objective measures of recovery. Eighty-four patients provided baseline and six-month post-transplant data. There were generally no statistically significant differences at baseline or the six-month follow-up, suggesting that patients receiving HRD livers have similar outcomes to those who receive SRD livers. However, some effect sizes suggest potential advantages for LD recipients compared to SRD recipients. Transplant centers may be more willing to encourage patients to accept HRD or LD livers knowing that they may have comparable outcomes to SRD recipients, which also has implications for the transplant waitlist.
Encouraging and assisting faculty incorporation of innovative classroom technologies

A comprehensive faculty technology training program not only provides a hands-on learning experience that addresses the question of how to include technology in instruction, it also addresses and provides innovative ideas and examples that encourage faculty about why these skills should be incorporated into the classroom. Whether the classroom is online or in a traditional setting, this paper will explore proven methods and avenues that assist and encourage the use of technology in pedagogical delivery of information to sustain learner interest and convenience.
Evaluation of the area under linear loss modulus‐temperature curves

The area under the linear loss modulus-temperature curves, LA, has been shown to be related to the chemical composition of the material. In addition, it can be significantly affected by morphology in multicomponent polymer systems. To characterize LA quantitatively, base-line corrections for instrumental contributions to LA were evaluated by several different methods and the results compared. In some instances, the calculation method affects only the LA magnitude, while general trends are unchanged; whereas in others, qualitative differences also become important. Not all of the methods described can be utilized universally. However, a straight-line-type of base line, similar to that which is used in infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, provides a widely applicable means of quantifying the loss area.
A neo-classical education transitions approach: A corrected tale for three cohorts

Abstract Analysts have regarded education transitions research as revealing late stage educational egalitarianism in the United States (e.g., Stolzenberg, 1994 ) and as sufficiently robust to guide policymakers (e.g., Hout, 2007 ). However, critics suggest parameter estimates are contaminated by selection bias (e.g., De Graaf & Ganzeboom, 1993 ), key parameter differences are unidentified (e.g., Cameron & Heckman, 1998 ), cross-transition comparisons are faulty, and the data are inappropriate. Useful modifications have been offered, (e.g., Breen and Jonsson, 2000 , Hauser and Andrew, 2006 , Lucas, 2001 ), but analysts have yet to comprehensively address the challenges critics pose. In response, we propose a neo-classical education transitions approach that uses fuller sets of data and models that explicitly address the primary threats to proper inference. Using this approach we re-assess the educational attainment process for a baby boomer cohort, a Generation X cohort, and a Generation Y cohort. All cohorts fail to replicate the waning coefficients pattern. Methodologically, the study responds to criticisms in a way that offers methods for continued cross-national comparative research. Substantively, the study undermines confidence that standard education transitions research can provide policy guidance and the claim of late stage egalitarianism in the United States educational attainment process.
Transgenerational inheritance of diet-induced genome rearrangements in Drosophila.

Ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) copy number variation modulates heterochromatin formation and influences the expression of a large fraction of the Drosophila ge-nome. This discovery, along with the link between rDNA, aging, and disease, high-lights the importance of understanding how natural rDNA copy number variation arises. Pursuing the relationship between rDNA expression and stability, we have discovered that increased dietary yeast concentration, emulating periods of dietary excess during life, results in somatic rDNA instability and copy number reduction. Modulation of Insulin/TOR signaling produces similar results, indicating a role for known nutrient sensing signaling pathways in this process. Furthermore, adults fed elevated dietary yeast concentrations produce offspring with fewer rDNA copies demonstrating that these effects also occur in the germline, and are transgenera-tionally heritable. This finding explains one source of natural rDNA copy number variation revealing a clear long-term consequence of diet.
Na to K vapor-phase exchange in polycrystalline β″-alumina

Abstract High-temperature vapor-phase exchange of K for Na in polycrystalline β″-alumina was studied. Samples were exchanged in evacuated quartz tubes at 900°C by suspending a Na-β″-alumina sample above molten KCl. The rate-limiting exchange step was identified as transport of the NaCl, formed during exchange, from the β″-alumina to the KCl melt through the gas phase. The experimental factors that affected this transport for a given time and temperature were the distance between the sample and the KCl melt, the apparent surface area of the KCl melt, and the internal surface area of the exchange tube. We proposed a model for the rate-limiting transport step in which the gas phase was in local equilibrium with a KCl-NaCl liquid layer on the tube walls that impeded diffusion of NaCl gas molecules to the KCl melt.
The dopamine hypothesis of the reinforcing properties of cocaine

A variety of evidence suggests a 'dopamine hypothesis' for the reinforcing properties of cocaine. This hypothesis proposes that cocaine binds at the dopamine transporter and mainly inhibits neurotransmitter re-uptake; the resulting potentiation of dopaminergic neurotransmission in mesolimbocortical pathways ultimately causes reinforcement. This model suggests potential medications for treatment of cocaine abuse and dependence. Some, but not all, pharmacological data in humans support the hypothesis and additional experimentation is needed.
Stress response, cell death and signalling: the many faces of reactive oxygen species

Plants respond to pathogens and abiotic stresses by transient increases in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ion fluxes, which activate both local programmed cell death and systemic increases in stress- and pathogen-resistance. The present essay explores the emerging complexity of the multiple roles that ROS play in intra- and intercellular communication in both stressed and unstressed organisms.
Do Six-Antigen Matched Cadaver Donor (CAD) Kidneys Provide Better Graft Survival to Children Compared to One-Haploidentical Living-Related (LRD) Transplants?

Do Six-Antigen Matched Cadaver Donor (CAD) Kidneys Provide Better Graft Survival to Children Compared to One-Haploidentical Living-Related (LRD) Transplants?
Retrograde amnesia produced by localized electrical stimulation of brain through chronically implanted electrodes

Retrograde amnesia produced by electrical stimulation of brain through chronically implanted electrodes in either the anterior or posterior regions of the cerebrum was compared in rats. Postlearning brain stimulation through either site produced retrograde amnesia, but there was a tendency for stimulation through anteriorly placed electrodes not to induce full tonic-clonic seizures. Differences between these findings and those in cats should not be attributed to species differences.
On velocity narrowing in free-electron lasers using electron echo techniques

Abstract A technique analogous to conventional photon echo is proposed to reduce the velocity spread at the output of a free-electron laser.
Three-Dimensional Lattice Logic Circuits, Part III: Solving 3D Volume Congestion Problem

This part is a continuation of the first and second parts of my paper. In a previous work, symmetry indices have been related to regular logic circuits for the realization of logic functions. In this paper, a more general treatment that produces 3D regular lattice circuits using operations on symmetry indices is presented. A new decomposition called the Iterative Symmetry Indices Decomposition (ISID) is imple- mented for the 3D design of lattice circuits. The synthesis of regular two-dimensional circuits using ISID has been introduced previously, and the synthesis of area-specific circuits using ISID has been demonstrated. The new multiple-valued ISID algorithm can have several applications such as: (1) multi-stage decompositions of multiple- valued logic functions for various lattice circuit layout optimizations, and (2) the new method is useful for the synthesis of ternary functions using three-dimensional regular lattice circuits whenever volume-specific layout constraints have to be satisfied.