cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perishock Pause Intervals and Rearrest after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Abstract Background The loss of pulses after successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is known as rearrest (RA). The causes of RA are not well understood. Objectives To investigate the association between shock pause intervals and RA. Methods Data from treated OHCA with ROSC and one or more defibrillation attempts were obtained from one site of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. All analyses were conducted internally. Data available for analysis included cases spanning 2006–2008 and 2010–2011. Defibrillator tracings were used to calculate both components of the perishock pause (PSP) interval: the pre- (preSP) and the postshock pauses (postSP). RA and no-RA shock pauses were compared and independent associations between shock pause intervals, patient characteristics, and RA were assessed with the appropriate statistical tests. Results Analysis included 241 shocks from 101 cases. Forty-one cases (41%) had RA. RA vs. no-RA median (interquartile range) shock pauses in seconds were: preSP 13.5 (6.0–18.0) vs. 15.0 (10.9–21.5) ( p = 0.121); postSP 6.0 (3.5–8.2) vs. 8.7 (4.5–13.9) ( p = 0.053); and PSP 18.0 (12.3–24.0) vs. 24.0 (16.7–30.2) ( p = 0.022). Considering all possible shock pause durations, shock pause lengths and various patient characteristics were not associated with RA. If 30 s or shorter, the preSP (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 955 confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.98) and postSP (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79–0.99) were related to RA. Conclusion Shock pause length was inversely associated with RA when shock pause intervals were limited to 30 s or less. Shock pauses and RA were not associated when all durations of shock pauses were considered.
Investigation of Interface States on Mbe CoSi2/Si Schottky Contacts by Forward Bias Capacitance Measurement

The properties of the interface states of MBE grown CoSi 2 /n-Si(111) intimate contacts has been investigated using forward bias capacitance measurement. The barrier height o bn for this structure is 0.66±0.01 V. It has been found that there is an interface state band located in 0.44–0.50 eV bfow the conduction band edge of Si. The density of states D it is about 4×10 12 cm −2 eV −1 , lower than those made by other methods. This intrface state band is in equilibrium with Si and the charge exchange occurs mainly with the electrons in the conduction band of Si. The electron capture cross section oa is about 3×10 −15 cm 2 . In addition, some discrete interface states were found at 0.53 eV, 0.51 eV and 0.47 eV below the conduction band edge of Si, respectively for several samples. The density of states D it ranges (1.5–3.5)×10 10 cm −2 . They are probably caused by localized point defects formed during CoSi 2 growth.
Limit cycle and anomalous capacitance in the Kondo insulator SmB6

We report a frequency coding limit cycle and anomalous capacitance in the Kondo insulator SmB6 at low temperatures where the insulating gap becomes fully opened. The limit cycle appears to be associated with local activity and autocatalytic temporal pattern formation, as occurs in biological systems. The measured anomalous capacitance may indicate surface and bulk separation, suggesting the formation of a surface conducting state. The biological analogy suggests lossless information transport and complex information coding, and the surface state with a superconductor would provide a possible venue for quantum computing resources without decoherence.
Bubble Proliferation or Dissolution of Cavitation Nuclei in the Beam Path of a Shock-Wave Lithotripter

Kidney stones are a common and painful affliction, but fortunately physics offers some relief: Sound can be used to break up the stones, without invasive surgery. Efficacy of this ``lithotripsy'' treatment, however, depends strongly on cavitation, which can both attenuate the sound waves and provoke significant tissue damage. In this collaboration between a physicist, engineers, and materials scientists, our understanding of this process is advanced through measurements and modeling, providing insight into the relations between bubble dynamics and lithotripsy effectiveness.
Different administration methods of amiodarone in treatment of malignant arrhythmia

Objective:To study the effects of different administration methods of amiodarone in the patients with malignant arrhythmia. Methods:26 patients with malignant arrhythmia in our hospital from December 2008 to January 2009 were selected as research object,and they were randomly divided into group A 13 cases and group B 13 cases. The group A were treated with intravenous injection,and group B were treated with intravenous injection combined with oral,then the total effective rate,recurrence rate,incidence of complications and satisfaction rate were analyzed and compared. Results:The total effective rate of the two groups had no significant difference,P0.05,and the recurrence rate and incidence of complications of group B was lower than that of group A,but satisfaction rate of group B was higher than that of group A,all differences had statistical significance,P0.05. Conclusion:The effects of amiodarone given to intravenous injection combined with oral in the patients with malignant arrhythmia is better,and has advantage of high safety,it is worthy of further popularization and application.
Case-control study on risk factors of hand,foot and mouth disease in Ningde City

Objective To explore the risk factors of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Ningde City so as to provide a scientific basis for control of HFMD in future. Methods We conducted questionnaire survey to retrospectively analyze the infection factors concerning HFMD in Fuan City,Jiaocheng District and Zhouning County.Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 16.0software.Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis,and the non-conditional Logistic regression model was performed for multivariate analysis. Results The results of univariate analysis and multivariate nonconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for HFMD were scattered children,not or not often washing hands before meals or after defecation,the history of contacting with HFMD patients in the recent week,the history of sharing toys with other children in the recent week and parents' lack of knowledge about HFMD prevention(OR=11.620,OR=7.227,OR=5.013,OR=4.669,OR=5.606,all P0.05). Conclusions Hand,foot and mouth disease is affected by many factors.Enhancing pretriage in the hospital,strengthening nurseries' morning and afternoon inspection system and developing children's good living and health habits and parents' awareness of health care are the keys to preventing hand,foot and mouth disease.
Correlation of increased fetal asymmetry with shoulder dystocia in the nondiabetic woman with suspected macrosomia.

Objective To determine if the sonographic difference of > or = 2.6 cm between the fetal abdominal diameter (AD) and biparietal diameter (BPD), a proxy for fetal asymmetry, has an association with shoulder dystocia in nondiabetic women with suspected macrosomia. Study design A retrospective cohort study was performed in 3 Southern California tertiary care hospitals. We identified patients in whom sonographic evaluation after 36 weeks' gestation demonstrated an estimated fetal weight > 4,000 g. Additional prenatal and delivery information was obtained from hospital records. Results We identified 159 subjects who met ultrasound criteria and underwent a vaginal delivery. The mean AD-BPD difference in the shoulder dystocia group was significantly greater than in the group without shoulder dystocia (2.76 +/- 0.59 vs. 2.37 +/- 0.56, p = 0.001). The adjusted OR of shoulder dystocia in the group with an AD-BPD difference > or = 2.6 was 3.67 (95% CI, 1.44-9.36). Conclusion Significant discordance between the fetal head and abdomen appears to be associated with an increased rate of shoulder dystocia in a nondiabetic population with suspected macrosomia.
Prospective study of blood lipid parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with the glycated hemoglobin

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are accompanied (many a time ignored) by dyslipidemia; such patients are the easy targets for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An early treatment to normalize abnormal lipid levels can reduce the CVD and related mortality. The aim was to measure blood lipid parameters in patients with T2DM and their relation with the glycemic control. Methods: Prospective study including 124 T2DM patients in the Department of Medicine, Mayo Institute of Medical sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India between January 2016 to June 2016. Brief history, examination and investigations including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post prandial blood glucose (PPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were done. Correlation was obtained for lipid parameters between patients having HbA1c 0.05). A significant positive correlation was obtained between HbA1c and TC (r=0.216, p=0.016), TG (r=0.269, p=0.003), LDL/HDL ratio (r=0.296, p=0.001), VLDL-C (r=0.235, p=0.009) and non HDL-C (r=0.250, p=0.007) whereas a negative correlation was obtained with HDL-C (r= -0.192, p=0.032). In present study, 21.77% had hypercholesterolemia, 54.83% had low HDL-C level, 32.25% had hypertriglyceridemia and 72.58% patients had high LDL-C level. Conclusions: Type 2 DM is associated with dyslipidemia and both together are the major risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease. There was a positive correlation between HbA1c and abnormal lipid parameters in patients with T2DM.
UMLS concept indexing for production databases: a feasibility study.

Objectives: To explore the feasibility of using the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus as the basis for a computational strategy to identify concepts in medical narrative text preparatory to indexing. To quantitatively evaluate this strategy in terms of true positives, false positives (spuriously identified concepts) and false negatives (concepts missed by the identification process). Methods: Using the 1999 UMLS Metathesaurus, the authors processed a training set of 100 documents (50 discharge summaries, 50 surgical notes) with a concept-identification program, whose output was manually analyzed. They flagged concepts that were erroneously identified and added new concepts that were not identified by the program, recording the reason for failure in such cases. After several refinements to both their algorithm and the UMLS subset on which it operated, they deployed the program on a test set of 24 documents (12 of each kind). Results: Of 8,745 matches in the training set, 7,227 (82.6 percent ) were true positives, whereas of 1,701 matches in the test set, 1,298 (76.3 percent) were true positives. Matches other than true positive indicated potential problems in production-mode concept indexing. Examples of causes of problems were redundant concepts in the UMLS, homonyms, acronyms, abbreviations and elisions, concepts that were missing from the UMLS, proper names, and spelling errors. Conclusions: The error rate was too high for concept indexing to be the only production-mode means of preprocessing medical narrative. Considerable curation needs to be performed to define a UMLS subset that is suitable for concept matching. � J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2001;8:80-91.
Comparison of Effects of Endurance and Strength Training Programs in Patients with COPD.

Comparisons between endurance and strength training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have produced equivocal findings when examining physical function and health-related qua...
Cross comparison of TCP conversion coating performance on aluminum alloys during neutral salt-spray and thin-layer mist accelerated degradation testing

Abstract The stand-alone corrosion resistance imparted to aluminum alloy 7075-T6 by different commercial trivalent chromium process (TCP) conversion coatings was evaluated after exposure to 7-day (i) neutral salt-spray (NSS) and (ii) thin-layer mist (TLM) tests. Comparison studies were performed with a non-chromium conversion coating (NCP). Quantitative assessment of the corrosion damage was made using scanning contact profilometry, weight loss and digital microscopy image analysis data. Analysis of the inorganic chemical composition in the coating baths was performed to correlate the Zr, Cr and F levels with the corrosion resistance. All the TCP and NCP conversion coatings provided an equivalent level of corrosion protection to this alloy during the 7-day NSS test. In contrast, greater differences in coating performance were observed after the 7-day TLM test. In terms of average pit depth, surface roughness, weight loss, pit area and pit density, one TCP coating outperformed the other TCP and NCP coatings. This coating bath had the highest Cr concentration (416 ppm) and the highest Zr/Cr ratio (2.1). The results demonstrate that differences in the stand-alone TCP coating performance can be observed but this depends on the nature of the accelerated degradation test used.
Kinetic Mechanism of DNA Polymerases: Contributions of Conformational Dynamics and a Third Divalent Metal Ion

Faithful transmission and maintenance of genetic material is primarily fulfilled by DNA polymerases. During DNA replication, these enzymes catalyze incorporation of deoxynucleotides into a DNA primer strand based on Watson–Crick complementarity to the DNA template strand. Through the years, research on DNA polymerases from every family and reverse transcriptases has revealed structural and functional similarities, including a conserved domain architecture and purported two-metal-ion mechanism for nucleotidyltransfer. However, it is equally clear that DNA polymerases possess distinct differences that often prescribe a particular cellular role. Indeed, a unified kinetic mechanism to explain all aspects of DNA polymerase catalysis, including DNA binding, nucleotide binding and incorporation, and metal-ion-assisted nucleotidyltransfer (i.e., chemistry), has been difficult to define. In particular, the contributions of enzyme conformational dynamics to several mechanistic steps and their implications for repli...
Stability in ecosystems: some comments

The variety of meanings that can be attached to’ stability’ in ecological contexts has been discussed by Lewontin (1969), Holling (1973), May (1973) and others. Orians (1975) has opened this section with an insightful review of this material.
FITTING A THREE-PARAMETER LOG-NORMAL DISTRIBUTION BY LEAST SQUARES

A three-parameter log-normal distribution is derived as an exact functional transform of an embedded normal distribution. The parameters of this function are evaluated by fitting to histograms of natural hydrologic data. The practice of transformation of data is made unnecessary and can be eliminated. Tolerance limits of extreme hydrologic events can be calculated as transforms of the exact tolerance limits of the embedded normal, permitting precise probabilistic statements on such statistics as T-year floods or droughts.
Activation of NADPH oxidase by docosahexaenoic acid hydroperoxide and its inhibition by a novel retinal pigment epithelial protein.

PURPOSE In an earlier study, a novel retinal pigment epithelial protective protein (RPP) was described, which suppresses the superoxide generation of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In experimental autoimmune uveitis, docosahexaenoic acid hydroperoxide (22:6OOH) has been shown to be the major lipid peroxidation product in photoreceptors. This hydroperoxide was also found to be chemotactic to PMNs. This study was undertaken to evaluate the activation capability of 22:6OOH in resting PMNs and the possible inhibition of this activation by RPP. METHODS The 22:6OOH was obtained from pure 22:6 and was purified by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography. Intact rabbit peritoneal PMNs (7-8 X 10(5)) were coincubated with 0.5 microM formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), 1.3 microM 22:6OOH, or 5.0 microM 22:6. These systems were coincubated with and without 0.25 microg/ml RPP. From PMN cell-free preparations, the reconstitutes each containing 21 microg plasma membranes and 276 microg cytosolic factors were coincubated with arachidonate, 22:6OOH, or 22:6, each at 100 microM. The inhibition of superoxide production was estimated by adding 0.20 microg/ml RPP. Superoxide generation was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome C reduction. RESULTS In 30 minutes, 22:6OOH-activated PMNs produced 11.10 +/- 0.68 nanomoles superoxide, and production was suppressed 72% by RPP. Under the same conditions, fMLP induced production of 34.6 +/- 2.77 nanomoles superoxide, and RPP inhibited 60% of production. In the PMN cell-free systems, 100 microM 22:6OOH induced 74.7 nanomoles superoxide per milligram plasma membrane proteins per 5 minutes, and RPP suppressed 50% of production. These results were comparable with those generated by arachidonate, a known stimulator for this system. RPP was effective only when it was added before assembly of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. CONCLUSIONS The inflammation-mediated retinal peroxidation product 22:6OOH significantly activates resting PMNs, either in intact cells or in cell-free preparations, to increase further the release of superoxide from PMNs, thus accelerating inflammation-mediated tissue damage. This profound amplification process seems to be effectively downregulated by an RPE-generated protein RPP.
Bayesian decision theory, subjective and objective probabilities, and acceptance of empirical hypotheses

It is argued that we need a richer version of Bayesian decision theory, admitting both subjective and objective probabilities and providing rational criteria for choice of our prior probabilities. We also need a theory of tentative acceptance of empirical hypotheses. There is a discussion of subjective and of objective probabilities and of the relationship between them, as well as a discussion of the criteria used in choosing our prior probabilities, such as the principles of indifference and of maximum entropy, and the simplicity ranking of alternative hypotheses.
Is there a role for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during pregnancy

Purpose: To assess the role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for the evaluation and management of women with cardiac disorders in pregnancy and postpartum.Methods: Retrospective record r...
The transport network of a leaf

Abstract Modern leaves, the energy factories of plants, are the products of a 400-million-year evolutionary race towards improved efficiency and robustness. As such they have evolved two sophisticated transport systems, the xylem and the phloem, which irrigate the surface of the leaf blade, distribute water and nutrients, and collect the products of photosynthesis. In this review, we discuss the development and function of these two networks. Additionally, with a focus on the global topological and architectural features, we present an overview of the evolution of reticulation through the lens of transport network optimization theory and analyze some aspects of the physics of flow.
Process measures of palliative and end-of-life care among young adults who died from cancer.

54Background: Timely delivery of palliative and end-of-life care (EOL) are essential components of high-quality cancer care. To date, however, few studies have examined process measures for EOL car...
Racial Diversity and Task Performance: The Roles of Formalization and Goal Setting in Government Organizations:

Previous studies on demographic diversity have yielded inconsistent results with respect to several individual and organizational outcomes. The current study proposes that structural characteristic...
Dynamics of Visual Attention in Multiparty Collaborative Problem Solving using Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis

Multiparty collaborative problem solving - an increasingly important context in the 21st century workforce - suffers from a degradation of social and behavioral signals when attempted remotely, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. We investigate teams' multidimensional patterns of visual attention during a collaborative problem-solving task with an eye for leveraging insights to improve collaborative interfaces. Fifty-seven novices (forming 19 triads) engaged in a challenging programming task (Minecraft Hour of Code) using videoconferencing software with screen sharing. To discover patterns of individual-level gaze-UI coupling(coordination of a teammate's attention with respect to changes in the user interface) and team-level gaze-UI regularity (dynamics of teams' collective attention in context with changes in the user interface), we applied cross- and multidimensional recurrence quantification analyses, respectively. Individuals' eye gaze was significantly coupled with the ongoing screen activity whereas teams displayed significant patterns of gaze regularity, suggesting repetitive patterns in teams' attention. These measures predicted expert-coded collaborative processes of constructing shared knowledge and negotiation and coordination (but not maintaining team function) and correlated with task score (r = .425). They also predicted individually assessed subjective perceptions of team performance and the collaboration process, but not individual's learning or team's task scores. We discuss implications of our findings for the design of intelligent collaborative interfaces.
Preface and Introduction - Energy for the 21st Century: Opportunities and Challenges for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) – natural gas that has been cooled until it forms a transportable liquid – is the fastest growing segment of the energy market and its role as the 'glue' linking global gas markets is set to intensify as policymakers around the world are increasingly looking to natural gas and LNG to meet the twin challenges of energy security and climate change. This book provides critical insights into the opportunities and challenges LNG faces as the fuel of choice for the 21st century. The book discusses all aspects of the dynamic LNG business, including the LNG value chain, the evolution from regional trade to a more globalized LNG market, LNG pricing, contracts and trade, and emerging issues such as the impact of shale gas on global gas markets, the prospects for U.S. and Canadian LNG exports, the role of floating LNG (FLNG) and the potential role of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF).Professor Sakmar contextualizes the discussion about the importance of LNG with an analysis of why the 21st century will be the ‘golden age’ of natural gas with LNG as the ‘glue’ linking global gas markets.
Team Assessment and Decision Making Is Associated With Outcomes: A Trauma Video Review Analysis.

Abstract Background Teamwork is a critical element of trauma resuscitation. Assessment tools such as T-NOTECHS (Trauma NOn-TECHnical Skills) exist, but correlation with patient outcomes is unclear. Using emergency department thoracotomy (EDT), we sought to describe T-NOTECHS scores during resuscitations. We hypothesized that patients undergoing EDT whose resuscitations had better scores would be more likely to have return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Methods Continuously recording video was used to review all captured EDTs over a 24-mo period. We used a modification of the validated T-NOTECHS instrument to measure five domains on a 3-point scale (1 = best, 2 = average, 3 = worst). A total T-NOTECHS score was calculated by one of three reviewers. The primary outcome was ROSC. ROSC was defined as an organized rhythm no longer requiring internal cardiac compressions. Associations between variables and ROSC were examined using univariate regression. Results Sixty-one EDTs were captured. Nineteen patients had ROSC (31%) and 42 (69%) did not. The median T-NOTECHS score for all resuscitations was 8 [IQR 6-10]. As demographic and injury data (age, gender, mechanism, signs of life) were not associated with ROSC in univariate analysis, they were not considered for inclusion in a multivariable regression model. The association between overall T-NOTECHS score and ROSC did not reach statistical significance, but examination of the individual components of the T-NOTECHS score demonstrated that, compared to resuscitations that had “average” (2) or “worst” (3) scores on “Assessment and Decision Making,” resuscitations with a “best” score were 5 times more likely to lead to ROSC. Conclusions Although the association between overall T-NOTECHS scores and ROSC did not reach statistical significance, better scores in the domain of assessment and decision making are associated with improved rates of ROSC in patients arriving in cardiac arrest who undergo EDT. Level of evidence Level IV Therapeutic/Care Management.
A novel coding scheme for assessing responses in divergent thinking: An embodied approach.

In the present study we devised a novel coding scheme for responses generated in a divergent thinking task. Based on considerations from behavioural and neurocognitive research from an embodied perspective, our scheme aims to capture dimensions of simulations of action or the body. In an exploratory investigation, we applied our novel coding scheme to analyze responses from a previously published dataset of divergent thinking responses. We show that a) these dimensions are reliably coded by naive raters, and that b) individual differences in creativity influences the way in which different dimensions are used over time. Overall, our results provide new hypotheses about the generation of creative response in the divergent thinking task and should serve to characterize the cognitive strategies used in creative endeavors.
Review of the EP Activities of US Academia

This paper presents a broad overview of electric space propulsion research being performed at U.S. universities during 2004. University research serves a critical role investigating fundamental issues associated with the science and engineering of space propulsion systems, while serving to educate and train the workforce of the future. Academic research is vibrant, with eleven research groups from nine universities contributing to this paper reporting on devices with power levels ranging from milliwatts to megawatts. Summaries are presented from Colorado State University, Massachusetts
Prevalent Statin Use in Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents with Life-Limiting Illness

Objectives To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with statin pharmacotherapy in long-stay nursing home residents with life-limiting illness. Design Cross-sectional. Setting US Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing home facilities. Participants Long-stay nursing home resident Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with life-limiting illness (n = 424 212). Measurements Prevalent statin use was estimated as any low-moderate intensity (daily dose low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C] reduction 50%) use via Medicare Part D claims for a prescription supply on September 30, 2016, with a 90-day look-back period. Life-limiting illness was operationally defined to capture those near the end of life using evidence-based criteria to identify progressive terminal conditions or limited prognoses ( Results A total of 34% of residents with life-limiting illness were prescribed statins (65-75 y = 44.0%, high intensity = 11.1%; >75 y = 31.1%, high intensity = 5.4%). Prevalence of statins varied by life-limiting illness definition. Of those with a prognosis of less than 6 months, 23% of the 65 to 75 and 12% of the older than 75 age groups were on statins. Factors positively associated with statin use included minority race or ethnicity, use of more than five concurrent medications, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or risk factors. Conclusion Despite having a life-limiting illness, more than one-third of clinically compromised long-stay nursing home residents remain on statins. Although recent national guidelines have expanded indications for statins, the benefit of continued therapy in an advanced age population near the end of life is questionable. Efforts to deprescribe statins in the nursing home setting may be warranted. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:708-716, 2020.
An Integrated Energy Management Framework for Multiple Side-by-Side Applications on Smartphones

While simultaneous side-by-side execution of multiple applications in split-screen mode on smartphones improves quality-of-service (QoS) for end-users, it also results in increased power consumption and reduced battery lifetime. Saving energy when multiple concurrent applications run side-by-side is extremely challenging since applications often utilize the same shared system resources, e.g., memory, at the same time, and resource needs change over time. We present an application-aware integrated system-level energy management framework that (1) leverages applications’ offline profiles to detect dynamic changes in resource usage patterns of the workload of applications, and (2) opportunistically throttle (and later redeem) applications based on their instantaneous resource usage characteristics by dynamically adjusting both the voltage and frequency settings of the processor and memory bandwidth at runtime to achieve the most energy-efficient configuration subject to QoS constraints. Experiments on a Pixel 2 smartphone show that our approach achieves an average energy reduction of 13% (16%) and up to 16% (20%) compared to the most closely related work [1] (and default Android governor) for different combinations of real-world applications running side-by-side in split-screen mode. Our approach is also able to reduce the energy consumption of newly installed real-world applications for which there exists no prior resource usage data by up to 12% (14%) when compared to [1] (and default Android governor).
Contingent organization-public relationship (COPR) matters: reconciling the contingency theory of accommodation into the relationship management paradigm

Although the relational approach has been a focus in many published public relations studies, the dynamic and longitudinal aspects of relationships deserve more exploration. Through explicating and...
CTA utilization for evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism in a tertiary pediatric emergency department

Abstract Objective To evaluate changes in the utilization of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for evaluating suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and the positive rate of ancillary for those studies negative for PE in the last 13 years. Materials and methods A retrospective review of patient ≤ 20 years of age who underwent a chest CT angiography to rule out PE was performed in a 13-year-period. CT angiographies were grouped into three categories: Positive for PE, negative for PE and positive for ancillary findings, and negative for any pathology. From the exams with ancillary findings, we examined how many of these had a chest radiograph perform within 24 h prior to the CTA and how many of them had an impression stating the same conclusion as the CTA. Results 307 chest CT angiographies for suspected PE were included. 50 (16%) were reported as positive for PE and 91 (30%) were negative for PE but positive for ancillary findings. The most frequent ancillary findings were pneumonia (n = 26) and pleural effusion (n = 11). Out of 91, 73 patients had a previous chest radiograph and 28 of them reported a similar diagnosis than the CTA. The number of CT angiographies indicated for PE increased by 3.2 studies per year. The rate of CT angiographies positive for ancillary findings (slope = 1.5) and positive for PE (slope = 0.3) remained similar throughout the same period. Conclusions CTA orders for PE have been increasing without any increased detection of PE or ancillary findings in children.
A Review of Effective Strategies for Parent-Delivered Instruction

Parent involvement in treatment is an important component of effective behavior-analytic services. Whether parents are expected to act as the primary behavior change agent or support treatment in other ways, behavior analysts must provide them with the resources necessary to encourage lasting behavior change. A critical component of supporting lasting behavior change is the foundational skills related to instruction delivery. Without these skills, parents will not likely benefit from more advanced programs and interventions recommended by behavior analysts. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe the foundational skills necessary for parents to successfully establish an instructional environment for further program and intervention delivery. To aid practitioners, a parent-friendly handout is included and discussed.
A narrative review of sociodemographic risk and disparities in screening, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of the most common extrathoracic malignancies in the United States

There is a well-established association between multiple sociodemographic risk factors and disparities in cancer care. These risk factors include minority race and ethnicity, low socioeconomic status (SES) including low income and education level, non-English primary language, immigrant status, and residential segregation, and distance to facilities that deliver cancer care. As cancer care advances, existing disparities in screening, treatment, and outcomes have become more evident. Lung cancer remains the most common and fatal malignancy in the United States, with breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer being the three most common and deadly extrathoracic malignancies. Achieving the best outcomes for patients with these malignancies relies on strong physician-patient relationships leading to robust screening, early diagnosis, and early referral to facilities that can deliver multidisciplinary care and multimodal therapy. It is likely that challenges experienced in developing patient trust and understanding, providing access to screening, and building referral pipelines for definitive therapy in lung cancer care to vulnerable populations are paralleled by those in extrathoracic malignancies. Likewise, progress made in delivering optimal care to all patients across sociodemographic and geographic barriers can serve as a roadmap. Therefore, we provide a narrative review of current disparities in screening, treatment, and outcomes for patients with breast, prostate, and colorectal malignancies.
Online Resources for Teaching with Breaking Bad

Breaking Bad is currently ranked fifth by the Internet Movie Database’s (IMDB) Top 250 television shows based on user rankings and second among 100 shows reviewed by The Hollywood Reporter (Duncan, Muchiri, and Paraschiv, 2020). The show has won over 140 different awards and students rank the show as one of their favorites (Al-Bahrani, Holder, Patel, and Sheridan, 2016). The show centers around a high school chemistry teacher’s battle with cancer and his decision to “break bad” and begin producing a highly pure form of methamphetamine in order to financially support his family. The show provides a wide variety of microeconomic concepts, specifically foundational material and production-related content.
George Liele: Liberated slave and African American Baptist Missionary to Jamaica:

Liele introduced Baptist witness to Jamaica and served as pastor and educator of churches in Kingston and Spanish town cities there. Further, Liele was responsible for the conversion and baptism of...
How to Avoid 'Bad Takes' On Japan

Japan is one of the most visited, translated, and studied non-Western countries. Yet there are still so many "bad takes" about Japan in popular culture, the media, and even occasionally in academia. The intent of this article is to provide guidance for avoiding "bad takes" to students and others who are not (yet) Japan specialists, but who are beginning to think and write about Japan.
Tratamento do herpes zoster e prevenção da nevralgia pós-herpética

Objectives: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the main complication of herpes zoster (HZ), with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and health costs. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of different therapies used in the acute treatment of shingles in the prevention of this complication. Data sources: MEDLINE/PubMed, National Guide Clearinghouse, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines, Bandolier, Evidence-Based Medicine Online, DARE, TRIP database, and The Cochrane Library. Methods: Research of guidelines, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized and controlled clinical trials published between April 2010 and March 2020, written in English, Portuguese or Spanish, using the MeSH terms ‘herpes zoster’ and ‘neuralgia, postherpetic’. Results: From the 333 results obtained in the initial research, seven articles were selected to be included in this review, namely two meta-analyses, one systematic review, and four randomized and controlled clinical trials. Data found regarding the use of antivirals, glucocorticoids, or gabapentinoids in the treatment of HZ showed no benefit in the prevention of PHN. Only the option of amitriptyline or intravenous vitamin C revealed positive results, although with limited evidence. Conclusion: This review concludes that none of the treatments commonly used in the acute treatment of HZ prevents PHN occurrence. Despite the positive results of amitriptyline and vitamin C, there is still insufficient evidence to recommend the disseminated use of these drugs in the acute phase of HZ in order to prevent this complication. Further studies are needed in this context considering the morbidity and health costs associated with PHN.
Developmental origins of polycystic ovary syndrome: Everything starts in utero

Abstract Up to 20% of women in their reproductive years have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a complex reproductive, metabolic, and behavioral women's disorder bestowing subfertility, increased obesity, and type 2 diabetes, as well as increased risk of anxiety and depression. While its origins are unknown, PCOS is highly heritable and increasing evidence suggests a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and developmental origins commencing during hyperandrogenic gestations. A reliable biomarker of female fetal hyperandrogenism, elongated anogenital distance, found in newborn daughters of women with PCOS, and in adult PCOS women, considered together with repeated confirmation of PCOS-like phenotype induction in nonhuman primate, sheep, rat, and mouse models by experimental induction of fetal female hyperandrogenism, and transgenerational transmission of induced PCOS-like phenotypes, all suggest in utero hyperandrogenic origins for PCOS pathogenesis. This brief review will focus on the evidence for PCOS pathogenesis in women and underlying molecular gateways enabling its development during hyperandrogenic gestations in animal models.
The Enemy Within: The Demonization of Poor Women

The denigration and demonization of poor women was central to the effort to repeal Aid to Families with Dependent Children by the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. The utilization of negative stereotypes involving race, class and gender effectively marginalized impoverished women and their children, who were blamed for virtually all of the social problems of the United States during the 1990s. Despite the massive concentration of wealth and income in the hands of the wealthiest Americans and the ever-widening gap between rich and poor, the United States continues to ignore the need for fundamental economic and social reform
Fractures of the Humeral Shaft

The incidence of humeral shaft fractures is relatively low compared to that of other long bone fractures. Generally, they do not represent major problems when treated by closed techniques. Internal fixation is rarely used even by the most aggressive surgeons and it has been long recognized that complications from surgery are likely to occur. With the use of fracture bracing techniques clinical results have been encouraging and the morbidity has been very low. Fracture bracing allows for early range of motion of the joints and muscle activity and therefore reduces or eliminates the sequelae of immobilization and inactivity. Minor angulatory deformities which frequently occur do not constitute a functional deficit. The few degrees of angulation at the fracture site are difficult to recognize and therefore are not cosmetically unsightly. The shortening of the humeral shaft that has been observed in a few instances is also of no clinical significance. Rotational deformities have usually been minimal and represent a loss of external rotation of the shoulder in its last few degrees. These mild deformities are also of no clinical significance.
REGULATION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS GENE EXPRESSION

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the regulation of viral gene expression at the level of transcription. Human cytomegalovirus gene expression (HCMV) is a common pathogen in humans, capable of causing disease that affects all age groups. It is efficiently transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy, with 0.5–2.5% of all newborns showing evidence of congenital infection. HCMV infection does not operate within a vacuum; viral replication proceeds only through a set of intricate interactions of the virus with the host cellular machinery. The cell cycle phase at the time of infection is critical for the initiation of immediate early (IE) gene expression. Whether this restriction is due to effects on viral DNA localization or expression of IE genes at the transcriptional or translational level is yet to be determined. This blockade to initiation may also play a role in the restricted replication of the virus within undifferentiated cells. The information derived from the analysis of viral gene expression in the permissive cell has provided a strong foundation for formulating hypotheses to be tested in the context of the restricted viral infection in cells that are clinically relevant but far more difficult to study. The functioning of the virus in both fully permissive and semipermissive cells will help to develop strategies to combat the debilitating effects of the HCMV infection in neonates and immunocompromised individuals.
An Alternative Economic Analysis of the Regulation of Unions and Collective Bargaining

In this book chapter, I attempt to provide an economic analysis of the positive influences of unions on efficiency, equity and the governance of society, as well as an economic rationale for the regulation of collective bargaining to promote equity in bargaining power and industrial peace. This chapter draws on my previous work on the bargaining model of unions and collective bargaining, as well as work from the law and society literature and behavioral psychology. My analysis examines a variety of possible benefits of unions to society including: the redistribution of product market rents from employers to employees, increases in productivity due to employee organization, and the efficient evolution of the law and social rules with the transformation of workers from one-shot players to repeat-players through organization. The treatment of the costs of collective bargaining as positional externalities within the context of a dilemma game provides a rationale for government regulation to encourage cooperation between the parties to collective negotiations.
Absorption cross-sections of sodium diatomic molecules

The absorption cross sections of sodium dimers were studied using a heat pipe over operating in the non-heat-pipe mode. Three wavelength regions were observed. They are in the red, the green-blue, and the near ultraviolet regions. The absorption cross section depends on the wavelength of the incident light. Representative peak values for the v"=0 progression in the red and green-blue regions are 2.59 A sup 2 (average value) and 11.77 A sup 2 (T sub ave=624 K). The value for the C greater than X transitions is several tenths A sup 2. The cross sections were measured from absorption spectra taken as a function of temperature.
Lateral-Directional Control for High Angle of Attack

Control laws are designed to reduce the high levels of ny, the lateral acceleration measured at the mass center, which are encountered during aggressive rolling maneuvers executed at high angle of attack. The controller designs ate based on linearization of the lateral-directional dynamics for a generic X-31 type aircraft about an angle of attack, /spl alpha/ = 23/sup o/. The controllers incorporate dynamic inversion inner loops to provide control of stability-axis roll- and yaw-rates and then employ filters in both feed-forward and feed-back signal paths to exactly cancel ny. The relative simplicity of the control laws should allow nonlinear generalizations to be devised. Although it is shown that ny can be reduced substantially by such control laws, the improvements are accompanied by degraded roll response.
A unified gate oxide reliability model

Existing literature indicates that there are two major mechanisms involved in the time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of silicon dioxide, and each mechanism dominates under different stress conditions. We suggest that the thermochemical (linear E) model and the hole-induced (1/E) model can be unified in one model. Based on the unified model, a wide range of TDDB data from different sources were examined and shown to behave consistently. Temperature and stress field dependencies are treated together in the model so that the lifetime is a single-valued function of temperature and field. The criterion for screen/ramp breakdown test is also discussed with the model. Furthermore, the unified model accounts for the effect of gross defects, which limit the oxide reliability in real ICs. The model is be used to predict the 10-year lifetime breakdown field or acceptable oxide thickness for a given voltage, and results suggest that further refinements for thin oxide (<5 nm) are necessary.
Nominal effective exchange rate and trade balance adjustment in South Asia countries

Abstract In this paper we examine the short-term and long-term determinants of trade balances of five South Asian countries, using quarterly data from 1985 to 1998. The paper confirms the existence of both short run and long run relationship between nominal effective exchange rates (NEER) and trade balances. This paper highlights the differences in the duration and the extent of the J-curve phenomena. Several plausible explanations consistent with our findings are offered.
Cannabinoids and morphine differentially affect HIV-1 expression in CD4+ lymphocyte and microglial cell cultures

Abstract The influence of substances of abuse on the progression of HIV-1 infection is controversial, and pharmacologic factors have been postulated as a potential explanation for conflicting data arising from epidemiological studies and animal models. In the present study, cell culture models of HIV-1 infection were used to test this hypothesis. The synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 was found to potently inhibit HIV-1 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in CD4+ lymphocyte and microglial cell cultures. In sharp contrast, morphine either inhibited or stimulated viral expression, depending upon the time of drug exposure, and marked differences were observed between CD4+ and microglial cells. Also, WIN 55,212-2 inhibited the stimulatory effect of morphine in HIV-1 infected CD4+ cells. These in vitro findings support the notion that pharmacologic factors need to be considered in epidemiological studies and animal models that pertain to HIV-1 infection.