cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Missing Link: Nutritional Healing in Recovery

The journey of students in a Collegiate Recovery Program (CRP) begins with early recovery and continues towards a well-developed mental, spiritual, emotional, and physical state. Much emphasis is placed on mental, emotional, and spiritual healing through traditional recovery programs. Though all of these aspects are vital to flourishing in recovery, nourishing the physical state is often overlooked. The “missing link” within CRPs, the role of nutrition, can significantly impact physical well-being in recovery and a student’s reconnection with their body. Delivering information to CRP staff and students on the many aspects impacted from nutritional deficiencies and imbalances (neurobiological, gastrointestinal, emotional, mental), particularly in early recovery, will provide a means to evaluate inclusion of nutritional and physical health emphasis at their CRP. Appropriate implementation, not only knowledge, of resources to support this “missing link” is also crucial in a student’s journey to flourishing in recovery.
Consensus or Controversy: Do Recent Advances Shift the Debate for the Use of Echocardiography Versus Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, often lethal condition originating in the pulmonary arteriolar tree. It is typically manifested in stereotypical changes in the right ventric...
The African American community and professional baseball: examining Major League Baseball's corporate social-responsibility efforts as a relationship-management strategy.

In 1989, former Major League Baseball (MLB) player John Young created the Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities (RBI) program as a way to increase the number of African Americans becoming involved with...
Discrete-Time Large-Signal Modeling and Numerical Methods for Flyback Converters

A 6th-order state-space model is presented for a flyback converter. The state-space model is used to predict the dynamic behavior of a flyback converter in simulation. Computation time is reduced by calculating the matrix exponential using a decomposition method and by quickly estimating switching times every period to avoid overly reducing the time step in simulation.
Bone mineral density, energy availability, and dietary restraint in collegiate cross-country runners and non-running controls

Weight-bearing activities such as running have been shown to be osteogenic. However, investigations have also shown that running may lead to site-specific deficiencies in bone mineral density (BMD) as well as overall low BMD. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the BMD of female and male collegiate cross-country runners with non-running controls. In addition, energy availability and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors were assessed. BMD of 60 collegiate cross-country runners and 47 BMI and age-matched non-running controls were measured via DXA scans. Participants completed a Block 2014 Food Frequency Questionnaire and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Controlling for fat-free mass (FFM), male runners showed greater BMD at the femoral neck (0.934 ± 0.029 vs. 0.866 ± 0.028 g cm2, p < 0.05), total hip (1.119 ± 0.023 vs. 1.038 ± 0.021 g cm2, p < 0.05), and whole body (1.119 ± 0.023 vs. 1.038 ± 0.021 g cm2, p < 0.05) than male controls. The female runners had greater whole-body BMD than female controls (1.143 ± 0.018 vs. 1.087 ± 0.022 g cm2, p < 0.05). Runners scored significantly higher than controls in dietary restraint (1.134 ± 1.24 vs. 0.451 ± 0.75, p < 0.05), male runners were significantly higher than male controls in eating concern (1.344 ± 1.08 vs. 0.113 ± 0.27, p < 0.05) and female runners were significantly higher than male runners in shape concern (1.056 ± 1.27 vs. 0.242 ± 0.31, p < 0.05). Forty-two percent of the male runners and 29% of female runners had an energy availability of less than 30 kcals kg−1FFM. It appears that distance running has beneficial effects on whole-body BMD and site-specific areas. Further research is warranted to further clarify the health effects of eating behaviors and EA of distance runners.
AR changes in circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with high-dose testosterone.

5058Background: High-dose testosterone (HDT) is active in mCRPC pts and may allow successful re-sensitization to previously utilized androgen-axis targeted therapies. The relationship of genomic al...
James Riley Weaver’s Civil War: The Diary of a Union Cavalry Officer and Prisoner of War, 1863–1865

Unlike so many Civil War diarists, James Riley Weaver was known for another reason a full century before the full range of his wartime thoughts became available to the general public. Successfully ...
#LauraSpeaks: Remediations of Pellegra Bongiovanni’s “Risposte”

This paper examines the implications of digital remediation which translates and transforms an older text, endowing it with new life, in relation to the project #LauraSpeaks, a translation and remediation of Pellegra Bongiovanni’s Risposte di Madonna Laura alle rime di Messer Francesco Petrarca, in nome della medesima. Divided into three different sections, it describes the steps involved in this project, from the discovery of the original text and the analysis of Bongiovanni’s contribution within the realm of Petrarchism, moving to a discussion of the translation of her work from Italian to English and the creation of the “Twitterature” version of the text, then finally to an analysis of the text’s transformation into the film medium. This paper also investigates the theoretical premises of digital remediation and the role that hypertext plays in multiplying opportunities for meaning-making and in enriching the act of reading and writing.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Episcleritis and Scleritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Purpose To determine the population-based incidence and disease associations of episcleritis and scleritis in a midwestern U.S. population. Design Population-based retrospective cohort study. Methods All residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota from 2006 to 2015 were identified by using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. A total of 223 episcleritis cases and 77 scleritis cases were identified. The incidence and disease associations of episcleritis and scleritis were assessed, as well as scleritis recurrence rates, treatment, and complications. Results Incidence rates for episcleritis and scleritis were 15.39 and 5.54 per 100,000 per year, respectively. Females accounted for 60.1% of episcleritis and 51.9% of scleritis cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.2 years of age for episcleritis and 48.8 years of age for scleritis. In the episcleritis cases, the incidence in females was higher (P = .01). There were no significant differences between sexes for scleritis incidence (P = .75); 23.4% of scleritis patients had an associated systemic disease. Patients with systemic disease showed a trend toward an increased risk of recurrence, but it was not statistically significant. There was a slightly decreased risk of scleritis recurrence with older age at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.73; P = .058; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-1.01). At last follow-up, most eyes with scleritis (90.4%) had good visual acuity (better than 20/40), and 92.3% had stable or improved visual acuity. Conclusions The Olmsted County, Minnesota population had a lower incidence of episcleritis and a higher incidence of scleritis than populations in previous studies. The population-based results from the current study may provide information that is more applicable to a primary eye care setting.
A Physics-Informed Assembly of Feed-Forward Neural Network Engines to Predict Inelasticity in Cross-Linked Polymers.

In solid mechanics, data-driven approaches are widely considered as the new paradigm that can overcome the classic problems of constitutive models such as limiting hypothesis, complexity, and accuracy. However, the implementation of machine-learned approaches in material modeling has been modest due to the high-dimensionality of the data space, the significant size of missing data, and limited convergence. This work proposes a framework to hire concepts from polymer science, statistical physics, and continuum mechanics to provide super-constrained machine-learning techniques of reduced-order to partly overcome the existing difficulties. Using a sequential order-reduction, we have simplified the 3D stress–strain tensor mapping problem into a limited number of super-constrained 1D mapping problems. Next, we introduce an assembly of multiple replicated neural network learning agents (L-agents) to systematically classify those mapping problems into a few categories, each of which were described by a distinct agent type. By capturing all loading modes through a simplified set of dispersed experimental data, the proposed hybrid assembly of L-agents provides a new generation of machine-learned approaches that simply outperform most constitutive laws in training speed, and accuracy even in complicated loading scenarios. Interestingly, the physics-based nature of the proposed model avoids the low interpretability of conventional machine-learned models.
Treatment of Aggression and Property Destruction in Persons with Dual Diagnosis

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual/developmental disabilities are more likely to display aggression and property destruction than the general population. It is known that aggression and property destruction are often learned, operant behavior. From this framework, we will discuss potential treatments for aggression and property destruction, followed by considerations when implementing treatment in the natural environment. We will then review crisis management procedures relevant to aggression and property destruction and discuss alternative learning mechanisms that should be considered when addressing such severe behavior.
Between Cities and Mountains: A Look at Contemporary Ecofeminist Cinema in Italy

Starting with a brief overview of the ecofeminist movement and ecocinema, this article provides some theoretical coordinates to contextualise contemporary Italian ecofeminist cinema. Films such as ...
Identifying health correlates of intimate partner violence against pregnant women

Violence against women during pregnancy is a serious public health concern due to its significant adverse health consequences for both the mother and the baby. This study aims to systematically identify common health problems and synergistic health correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) that specifically affect pregnant women. We mine large-scale electronic health record (EHR) data from the IBM Explorys database to identify health problems that are prevalent in both IPV and pregnancy populations, as well those that are synergistically associated with the presence of IPV during pregnancy. For this purpose, we develop methods that enhance the statistical reliability of identified patterns by constructing confidence intervals that take into account systematic bias and measurement errors in addition to the variance in estimation. We identify with high confidence 668 and 2750 terms that are respectively prevalent in respectively IPV and pregnancy populations. Of these terms, 279 are common. We also identify 16 synergistic health correlates with high confidence. Our results suggest that mental health, substance abuse, and genitourinary complications are prevalent among pregnant women exposed to IPV. The synergistic terms we identify reveal potential conditions that can be direct consequences of trauma (e.g., tibial fracture), long-term health consequences (e.g., chronic rhinitis), markers associated with the demograhics of affected populations (e.g., acne), and risk factors that potentially increase vulnerability during pregnancy (e.g., disorders of attention and motor control). Our results indicate that IPV significantly affects the well-being of pregnant women in multiple ways. The findings of this study can be useful for screening of IPV in pregnant women. Finally, the methodology presented here can also be useful for investigating the synergy between other medical conditions using EHR databases with privacy constraints.
Climate Change, Literature, and Environmental Justice: Poetics of Dissent and Repair

Placing climate change within the long histories of enslavement, settler colonialism, and resistance, Climate Change, Literature, and Environmental Justice: Poetics of Dissent and Repair examines the connections between climate disruption and white supremacy. Drawing on decolonial and reparative theories, Janet Fiskio focuses on expressive cultures and practices, such as dance, protests, and cooking, in conversation with texts by Kazim Ali, Octavia Butler, Louise Erdrich, Winona LaDuke, Mark Nowak, Simon Ortiz, Jesmyn Ward, and Colson Whitehead. Through an exploration of speculative pasts and futures, practices of dissent and mourning, and everyday inhabitation and social care, Climate Change, Literature, and Environmental Justice illuminates the ways that frontline communities resist environmental racism while protecting and repairing the world.
Precision of synaptic weights programmed in phase-change memory devices for deep learning inference

The precision at which the conductance states can be programmed and maintained over time is central to the operation of analog resistance-based memory devices such as phase-change memory (PCM) in in-memory computing applications such as deep learning and scientific computing. Iterative programming with closed loop feedback is the most common approach towards programming an array of devices to achieve the desired conductance values as stipulated by the application. In this work, we analytically derive the precision associated with the iterative programming scheme and show that it is fundamentally limited by the read noise. The estimated programming noise quantitatively matches that measured experimentally on >1k PCM device arrays incorporating two types of doped GST phase-change materials. We further demonstrate that the conductance drift driven divergence of the programmed conductance states depends on the time of feedback in the iterative programming. Moreover, we studied the impact of the inaccuracy associated with synaptic weight storage on deep learning inference. We demonstrate significant accuracy retention improvements on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and PTB benchmarks by tuning the time of feedback when programming weights on PCM-based DNN inference hardware.
Two-step Two-intermediate Photorelease Bolm-McCulla Reaction: Dual Release of Nitrene and Atomic Oxygen Reactive Intermediates.

This article is a highlight of the paper by Isor et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology. It describes the photolysis of a dibenzothiophene sulfoximine (bearing N-phenyl imino and S-oxide groups) to produce two reactive intermediates in tandem. The sulfoximine undergoes a S-N and S-O photocleavage to release phenyl nitrene and atomic oxygen [O(3 P)]. The phenyl nitrene dimerizes to azobenzene or is trapped by diethylamine to reach an azepine. From there, atomic oxygen arises in a secondary photolysis of dibenzothiophene sulfoxide. A computational analysis also reveals that the S-N bond is labile for initial nitrene release, with the secondary release of atomic oxygen by S-O cleavage. Whether future sulfoximine scaffolds can produce the reverse order release of O(3 P) then nitrene, or release both simultaneously, is yet to be established. Nonetheless, molecules with dual-intermediate release, such as coupled photoaffinity labeling and cellular oxidation, are worth pursuing.
Providing APPE pharmacy students rural health assessment experience following wildfire event in western Montana.

Abstract Background and purpose We describe a novel, interprofessional, experiential training involving pharmacy students in response to a health emergency in rural Montana (MT). Educational activity and setting Fourth-year pharmacy students on clinical rotations were recruited to participate in screening events assessing effects of wildfire smoke in Seeley Lake, MT. Students were required to fulfill at least two hours of supplementary training in addition to education on human research guidelines. Students assisted with patient surveys (demographics, health, and respiratory), physiological testing with biomedical researchers, blood pressure and medication counseling, and spirometry specialists. Findings At least 20 pharmacy students have participated in this project in addition to nursing (n = 8), public health (n = 1), and social work (n = 1) students. In initial and subsequent screenings, students worked alongside a team of biomedical researchers and faculty from the University of Montana. An initial cohort of 95 patients was recruited. Summary This unique experiential training opportunity has afforded pharmacy students access to rural community patient interaction and exposure to and performance of a variety of tests in response to an environmental health emergency. Furthermore, it enabled health professionals and researchers to assess individual and overall community health following an extreme wildfire smoke event, providing the groundwork for utilization of pharmacy students in healthcare responses to public health emergencies.
It Is About Believing: Superstition and Religiosity

This paper has a novel framework analysing what shapes superstition in a multivariate analysis. The results indicate that socio-demographic and socio-economic variables matter. The results also indicate that there is a certain concurrence between churches and superstitious beliefs. In most of the cases we observe a negative correlation between superstition and attendance of church and other religious activities. Closeness to the churches goes in line with lower superstition. On the other hand, a generally higher perceived religiosity increases superstition. Furthermore, there is the tendency that people without a religious denomination have the lowest belief in superstition. Finally, the results indicate that there is a strong variety in superstition among countries. Especially people from formerly Communist countries have a higher degree of superstition than others.
Knowledge management enterprise and RFID systems

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the investment of supply chain technology-to-performance path relationship through the lens of the resource-based view (RBV) as illuminated by the organizational learning literature. Design/methodology/approach – This study surveyed top-level managers who are registered members of the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals. Findings – Using factor analysis and OLS regression on 300+ supply chain professionals, this study confirms that investments in both enterprise- and radio frequency identification (RFID)-specific knowledge management (KM) tools yield substantial benefits to the firm’s knowledge management system (KMS) which is the dependent path to higher supply chain performance. Research limitations/implications – This sample was taken with supply chain professionals who are more likely to value supply chain investments as part of their responsibility. Practical implications – The authors believe that the empirical study on supply chain inve...
Locomotion of human lymphoid cells. I. Effect of culture and con A on T and non-T lymphocytes.

Abstract Human peripheral lymphocytes were separated from whole blood on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. They were then depleted of monocytes, separated into T and non-T fractions, and assayed for locomotor responses toward casein and endotoxin-activated serum in Boyden chambers. Non-T cells showed higher random motility than did T cells. Culture prior to assay was necessary in order to demonstrate locomotor activity of T cells, but this requirement, although desirable, was not essential for non-T lymphocytes. It was not necessary for Con A to be present in the culture medium or for either T or non-T lymphocytes to be in blast form to show locomotion.
Identification of Evi-3, a novel common site of retroviral integration in mouse AKXD B-cell lymphomas.

Abstract We have identified a novel common site of ecotropic viral integration called ecotropic viral integration site 3 (Evi-3) in B-cell lineage lymphomas of the AKXD recombinant inbred strains of mice. A number of virally induced pre-B-, B-, myeloid, and T-cell lymphomas were screened for viral rearrangements at Evi-3; rearrangements were found in pre-B- and B-cell lymphomas but not in other hematopoietic tumors. Genetic mapping studies localized Evi-3 to mouse chromosome 18, distinct from proto-oncogene and common viral integration loci identified previously in the mouse. Each proviral integration at Evi-3 is contained within a 200-bp region that lies inside a CpG island. All but one of the proviruses have integrated in the same 5'-to-3' transcriptional orientation. Transcripts from Evi-3 are expressed in a developmentally regulated manner in B cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Evi-3 represents a novel proto-oncogene involved in mouse B-cell lymphomas.
Event-Driven Quality of Service Prediction

Quality of Service Management (QoSM) is a new task in IT-enabled enterprises that supports monitoring, collecting and predicting QoS data. QoSM solutions must be able to efficiently process runtime events, compute and pre dict QoS metrics, and provide real-time visibility and prediction of key perform ance indicators (KPI). Currently, most QoSM systems focus on moni tor ing of QoS constraints, i.e., they report what has been happened. In a way, this provides the awareness of past developments and sets the basis for decisions. However, this kind of knowledge is afterwit. For example, it cannot provide early warnings to prevent the QoS degradation or the violation of commitments. In this paper, we move one step forward to provide QoS prediction. We argue that performance metrics and KPIs can be predicted based on historical data. We present the design and implementation of a novel event-driven QoS prediction system. Integrated into the SOA infrastructure at large, the prediction system can process operational service events in a real-time fashion, in order to predict or refine the prediction of metrics and KPIs.
Narrowing the translational research gap: what needs to be done?

We all seem to agree: the path through the valley of death, which defines the gap between initial discovery at the bench and the drug at the patient’s bedside, is long, costly and frustratingly inefficient. At the Academic Drug Discovery conference (Cambridge, UK) this year, Tim Hammonds proposed that the formation of effective alliances between academia and industry could enable us to break down the barriers of translational research and bridge the valley of death – but is this really possible? In a hypothetical interview, Dr X, a professor in academia, would tell us, ‘my laboratory has developed an assay. It is very robust and reproducible. We were very excited as we could use it to screen our small library for compounds that block cleavage of our preferred substrate. We found the enzyme responsible for its cleavage, which, it turned out, was not the enzyme others have previously described. We are now trying to investigate whether the enzyme responsible for cleavage, or conversely its substrate, could become a real druggable target. We do not know yet, but we took a chance. While tak
Evaluating the Impact of Plant Biofortification on Human Nutrition

An evaluation of the efficacy of biofortified foods for improving human nutrition and health requires both laboratory- and community-based trials. A three-step process is proposed. First, tests of nutrient bioavailability should be conducted in the laboratory. Various genotypes of modified foods may be screened for bioavailability using in vitro cell-culture systems or experimental animals before testing in humans. Second, comprehensive feeding trials are conducted to test the efficacy of the biofortified food for improving the nutrition and health of target populations. These trials are generally done for several weeks or months, and they involve measuring a comprehensive set of endpoints. If efficacy is demonstrated in the feeding trial, the third step, a community-based trial, is planned. This final trial involves evaluating the nutritional, health, agricultural, societal, environmental and economic effects of the biofortified food in the community. A multidisciplinary team including consumers, policy-makers, health leaders, as well as scientists is required for successful completion of the community trial.
Properties of high-lying doubly excited states of H −

Doubly excited states of H/sup -/ lying below the hydrogenic N = 3 and thresholds are investigated in hyperspherical coordinates. Adiabatic potential curves are calculated using the recently developed analytical channel functions and approximate resonance energies, and their classifications are described. It is found that the present classification differs from the recent work by Gailitis for /sup 3/P/sup o/ and /sup 1/D/sup e/ states. Angular correlations for doubly excited states below H(N = 2) and H(N = 3) thresholds are also investigated for /sup 1,3/S/sup o/, /sup 1,3/P/sup o/, and /sup 1,3/D/sup e/ symmetries. States belonging to different channels are found to have a high degree of different angular correlations.
Biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation : endoscopic approach to diagnosis and therapy

This study was undertaken to further define the role of endoscopic methods in the evaluation and treatment of biliary tract complications after liver transplantation and to determine the efficacy and safety of this approach. Fifty liver transplant patients were referred for endoscopic evaluation of a suspected biliary tract complication. Two patient groups were identified based on the indication for the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Group 1 was suspected of having biliary fistula and group 2 was suspected of having bile duct obstruction. Group 1 consisted of 35 patients who developed bile peritonitis after inadvertent migration of the T-tube or intentional T-tube removal. Group 2 consisted of 15 patients who developed cholestatic hepatic chemistries in the absence of allograft rejection on liver biopsy. ERCP identified a biliary fistula at the T-tube insertion site into the bile duct in 32 (91%) group 1 patients. Twenty-six of 26 treated with a nasobiliary tube had fistula closure at a mean 5.2 days. Five of 6 treated with a stent, with or without sphincterotomy, had no leak at the time of stent removal (mean, 45 days). ERCP identified a cause for the cholestatic hepatic chemistries in 11 (73.5%) group 2 patients, including bile duct stones (n = 4), anastomotic (n = 3) or intrahepatic (n = 2) strictures, bile duct necrosis (n = 1), and hemobilia (n = 1). Five of the 5 patients undergoing endoscopic therapy were treated successfully. The endoscopic complication rate was 4% and the 30-day mortality rate was 2%. During a mean follow-up of 15 months, 94% of the patients who were treated successfully had no recurrent biliary tract disease. The results of this study suggest that ERCP is an effective modality in the evaluation of patients with suspected biliary tract complications after liver transplantation. In selected patients, endoscopic therapy obviates the need for additional surgical or percutaneous intervention.
Vena Cava Replacement for Malignant Disease: Is There a Role?

Resection and graft replacement of the vena cava for malignant disease is rarely performed, often because of the advanced tumor stage. Since August 1987 we have selectively performed caval replacement in conjunction with tumor resection in 11 patients. Three patients had superior vena cava reconstruction (SVCR) and eight had inferior vena cava replacement (IVCR). There were six males and five females whose mean age was 59.3 years (range 24 to 75 years). Two patients, each with superior vena cava obstruction, presented with symptoms from venous compression. Malignancies involving the superior vena cava were thyroid carcinoma in two patients and lymphoma in one. Cancers requiring IVCR were leiomyosarcoma in three patients, cholangiocarcinoma in two, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver in one each. All IVCRs and two SVCRs were performed with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. The remaining SVCR was constructed with spiral saphenous vein. Six IVCRs involved replacement of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava in conjunction with major liver resection. Mean intraoperative blood transfusions were 5.3 units (range 0 to 10 units). There were no operative deaths. Complications occurred in four patients and included postoperative bleeding in two, myocardial infarction in one, and wound infection in one. There were no perioperative graft occlusions, but one patient developed graft occlusion 2 months after SVCR. All IVCR grafts have remained patent (mean follow-up of 8.8 months). Two patients with SVCRs have died from recurrent cancer at 3.2 and 3.4 years postoperatively. Six patients with IVCRs have developed tumor recurrence either locally (n = 1), at a distant site (n = 2), or both (n = 3). Importantly, eight of nine survivors have an excellent performance status. We conclude that vena cava reconstruction for malignancy can be performed safely, has few graft-related complications, and in some patients may offer the only possibility for tumor control.
Modification of inappropriate sexual behaviors in a mildly mentally retarded male

This paper examines the modification of inappropriate verbal and nonverbal social interactions of a mildly mentally retarded man with a history of socially unacceptable behaviors. Interview, test, and observational material collected from the subject, work supervisors, and parents, was analyzed from a systems perspective. Reframing and positive connotation were used to introduce change into the system. Results showed: (a) inappropriate verbal and nonverbal behavior was virtually eliminated in a system involved in reframing, (b) inappropriate behavior continued unchanged when subject participated in social systems unaffected by the reframing procedure, and (c) virtually identical work behaviors were viewed as inappropriate before the reframing, but as appropriate afterwards. Interpretation of the results suggests the efficiency of reframing techniques used in combination with behavior modification methods in the improvement of social systems including a mentally handicapped client. It is hypothesized that a systems perspective suggests that the inappropriate sexual behavior may have been maintained by a social system in which the mentally retarded person's sexuality was expected to be deviant, in which only socially unacceptable modes of sexual expression were taught, reinforced and/or allowed.
Clusters, superclusters, and large-scale structure: a consistent picture

Abstract Observations of the large-scale structure in the universe using different tracers and techniques, including the spatial distribution of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, narrow pencil-beam surveys, and quasars, appear to be yielding a consistent picture of the universal structure. A network of large-scale superclusters with scales up to approximately 150h-1 Mpc is suggested (where h approximately 0.5-1 is the Hubble constant in units of 100 km.s-1.Mpc-1; 1 pc = 3.09 x 10(16) m; h = 1 is used throughout this paper). The supercluster network surrounds low-density regions, suggesting a "cellular" structure of the universe. The universal dimensionless cluster correlation function, supported by new data from automated cluster surveys, is consistent with this picture. The "standard" Omega = 1 cold dark matter (CDM) model for the universe appears to be inconsistent with the details of the observed large-scale structure distribution; a low-density, Omega approximately 0.2-0.3, CDM model provides a considerably better fit to the observations.
A Review of Scientific Research and Recommendations Regarding Eggs

For much of the past 40 years, the public has been warned away from eggs because of a concern over coronary heart disease risk. This concern is based on three observations: 1. eggs are a rich source of dietary cholesterol; 2. when fed experimentally, dietary cholesterol increases serum cholesterol and; 3. high serum cholesterol predicts the onset of coronary heart disease. However, data from free-living populations show that egg consumption is not associated with higher cholesterol levels. Furthermore, as a whole, the epidemiologic literature does not support the idea that egg consumption is a risk factor for coronary disease. Within the nutritional community there is a growing appreciation that health derives from an overall pattern of diet rather than from the avoidance of particular foods, and there has been a shift in the tone in recent dietary recommendations away from "avoidance" messages to ones that promote healthy eating patterns. The most recent American Heart Association guidelines no longer include a recommendation to limit egg consumption, but recommend the adoption of eating practices associated with good health. Based on the epidemiologic evidence, there is no reason to think that such a healthy eating pattern could not include eggs.
Corrosion-Resistant Zeolite Coatings

Abstract As a promising, environmentally friendly alternative for the toxic and carcinogenic chromate conversion surface finishing, zeolite coatings on various metal alloys have shown excellent corrosion resistance, strong adhesion to substrates, and extraordinary thermal and mechanical properties. This review summarizes recent technological advances of zeolite corrosion-resistant coatings from the conventional hydrothermal in situ synthesis method to the newly developed ambient pressure deposition process. The topic of zeolites as smart inhibitor pigments is also discussed. Future perspectives of zeolite corrosion-resistant coatings are envisaged at the end of this review.
Test-Retest Reliability of Functional Anthropometry and OARS Survey among Older Mexican American Adults

The aim of this study is to assess test-retest reliability of functional anthropometry measures and the Older American Resources and Services (OARS) survey among older Mexican American adults. A healthy sample of 30 Older Mexican American adults was selected from senior recreation centers. For functional anthropometry 20 variables were measured in the participants, and the participants were also asked to fill the OARS survey. All the participants responded to both the test again after two weeks and helped to assess the test-retest reliability of functional anthropometry measures and the OARS Survey. Pearson correlation analysis of the results indicates that the results of the anthropometric test and the OARS survey for the first administration and second administration were significantly positively correlated.
CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: phytotoxicity, metal speciation, and induction of oxidative stress in sand-grown wheat

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are reported to impact plant growth in hydroponic systems. This study describes the impact of commercial CuO (<50 nm) and ZnO (<100 nm) NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in a solid matrix, sand. The NPs contained both metallic and non-metallic impurities to different extents. Dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy (AFM) assessments confirmed aggregation of the NPs to submicron sizes. AFM showed transformation of ZnO NPs from initial rhomboid shapes in water to elongated rods in the aqueous phase of the sand matrix. Solubilization of metals occurred in the sand at similar rates from CuO or ZnO NPs as their bulk equivalents. Amendment of the sand with 500 mg Cu and Zn/kg sand from the NPs significantly (p = 0.05) reduced root growth, but only CuO NPs impaired shoot growth; growth reductions were less with the bulk amendments. Dissolved Cu from CuO NPs contributed to their phytotoxicity but Zn release did not account for the changes in plant growth. Bioaccumulation of Cu, mainly as CuO and Cu(I)–sulfur complexes, and Zn as Zn-phosphate was detected in the shoots of NP-challenged plants. Total Cu and Zn levels in shoot were similar whether NP or bulk materials were used. Oxidative stress in the NP-treated plants was evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and oxidized glutathione in roots and decreased chlorophyll content in shoots; higher peroxidase and catalase activities were present in roots. These findings correlate with the NPs causing increased production of reactive oxygen species. The accumulation of Cu and Zn from NPs into edible plants has relevance to the food chain.
TU‐G‐217BCD‐03: Sensitivity of Peripheral CDTI100 to X‐Ray Tube Starting Angle

Purpose: Reproducible measurements of CDTI100 are required for ACR accreditation. On CT scanners without a fixed x‐ray tube starting angle, the variation of peripheral CTDI100 regularly exceeds the ACR variation criteria of 5%. We investigated the sensitivity of CT peripheral exposure to x‐ray tube starting angle. Methods: Axial scans were performed using a Philips Brilliance 6 CT scanner, varying the x‐ray tube starting angle, rotation time, and collimation width. To eliminate table attenuation, exposure was measured in air at isocenter and at 16 cm off‐center using a 10 cm pencil ionization chamber. A video camera was used to determine the initial angular position of the gantry at the start of each x‐ray exposure. Exposure variation was measured using coefficient of variation (CV) and range. Results: At isocenter, variation of exposure was minimal (average CV, 0.1%; average range, 0.4%) demonstrating machine output consistency. At 16 cm, however, the variation of exposure was substantial (average CV, 3%; average range, 11%; maximum range, 17%) due to its dependence upon the x‐ray tube starting angle, which suggests an asymmetry of the radiation output. Peripheral exposure was independent of collimation width but strongly depended upon rotation time, with increased variation for shorter rotation times (exposure ranges of 17%, 9%, 6% for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 s, respectively). This data suggests that the dose is delivered for approximately 100 ms longer than the time required for a complete rotation. Conclusion: Peripheral CTDI100 can vary considerably (∼20%) when the x‐ray tube starting angle changes. Long rotation times can substantially reduce this variation. In addition, averaging peripheral exposures acquired randomly, or at properly spaced starting angles can further reduce this variation, yielding a reliable average peripheral exposure. Corollary: CT scanners with a fixed x‐ray tube starting angle may yield a reproducible systematic error in peripheral CTDI100.
The Influence of Direct and Indirect Juvenile Victimization Experiences on Adult Victimization and Fear of Crime

Research has identified that juvenile victimization can play a detrimental role for individuals later in life. While this literature has focused on direct and indirect forms of victimization at different stages of life, the influence of juvenile victimization on fear of crime and violent victimization as an adult has been limited. To expand this body of literature, the present research examines the effects of direct (sexual victimization) and indirect (witnessing parental intimate partner violence) juvenile victimization on fear of crime as well as the prevalence of victimization as an adult. Using telephone survey data collected from randomly selected Texas adults, this study demonstrates that both juvenile sexual victimization and indirect victimization increase the likelihood of adult victimization, whereas juvenile sexual victimization increases the likelihood of adult sexual victimization. In contrast, fear of crime as an adult was not significantly influenced by either juvenile sexual victimization ...
Activation of dihydrogen and coordination of molecular H2 on transition metals

Abstract Fifty years ago, when this journal was founded, organometallic chemists could not have imagined that common small molecules such as dinitrogen and especially dihydrogen could function as ligands. Dihydrogen has long been vital in catalytic processes such as hydrogenation and conversions of organic compounds and is now being considered as a future energy storage medium. Dihydrogen is only useful chemically when the two strongly bound H atoms are split apart in a controlled fashion. Although metal hydrides were first well established in 1955, the structure and mechanism by which H 2 binds to and undergoes cleavage on transition metals was not ascertained until even more recently in the history of inorganometallic chemistry, about 20 years after this journal was first published. The activation of dihydrogen is a fascinating saga that has slowly unfolded over the past 80+ years, as will be chronicled in this Perspective. There is a marvelous analogy between the metal-olefin π bonding model first brought to light by Dewar, Chatt, and Duncanson 60 years ago and the bonding model for side-on σ-bond coordination discovered by us 30 years ago. There are two separate pathways for H–H (and X–H σ-bond activation in general) that directly depend on the electronics of the metal σ-ligand bonding. Metal d to σ* X–H backdonation is the key to stabilizing σ-bond coordination and also is crucial to its homolytic cleavage (oxidation addition). For electrophilic complexes, particularly cationic systems with minimal backdonation, heterolytic cleavage of H 2 is common and is a key reaction in industrial and biological catalysis.
In vivo brain microdialysis to evaluate FITC-dextran encapsulated immunopegylated nanoparticles

Context: Delivery of drugs and dyes through intact blood–brain barrier (BBB) is extremely sought-after. A safe and reliable measurement of delivery efficacy in live animals is necessary.Objective: To investigate the brain uptake of FITC-dextran MW 4000 (FD4) by CD71/OX-26 coated nanoparticles by microdialysis sampling and fluorescence/confocal microscopy.Materials and methods: Methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (Met-PEG-PLA) and maleimide-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (Mal-PEG-PLA) nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation. The surfaces of the prepared nanoparticles were embellished with CD-71/OX-26 antibodies for brain targeting. Male Sprague Dawley rats received 0.4 mg/kg FD4 and equivalent nanoparticulate formulation through lateral tail vein. Animals were euthanized 24 h postadministration, after which the tissues were harvested and analyzed for FD4 concentrations. Tissues were fixed with paraformaldehyde, cryotomed to 20 µm sections, and analyzed by Total Internal Reflection mic...
CHANGE IN EPILOBIUM PHYLLOTAXY DURING REPRODUCTIVE TRANSITION

The ontogeny of Epilobium hirsutum grown under natural summer photoperiod in a glasshouse was divided into vegetative, early transitional, transitional, and floral stages. Bijugate phyllotaxy, common to both the vegetative and early transitional stages, is transformed into spiral phyllotaxy during the transitional stage by an initial change in the divergence angle of a single primordium inserted at a unique level on the shoot. Leaf primordia subsequently are inserted in a spiral arrangement in the indeterminate floral shoot apex. The early transitional shoot apical meristem is about 1.5 times the volume of the vegetative meristem but expands at about two-thirds the relative plastochron rate of volume increment of the vegetative meristem. There are progressive decreases in the plastochron and relative plastochron rates of radial and vertical shoot growth through ontogeny. Relative chronological rates of shoot growth, however, are not altered during ontogeny. Spiral transformation results from changes in the relative points of insertion of leaf primordia on the shoot meristem. These changes are accompanied by an increased rate of primordia initiation on a more circular shoot meristem. The change in phyllotaxy during ontogeny is similar to that which was artificially induced by chemical modification of auxin concentration gradients in the shoot apex, with the additional feature that there is an initial increase in the volume of the shoot meristem prior to the natural spiral transformation. Size of the shoot apical meristem, however, appears to have little influence on Epilobium phyllotaxy; but the geometric shape of the meristem is well correlated with bijugate to spiral transformations. This suggests that geometric parameters of the shoot meristem should be considered in theoretical models
Accuracy in forecasting: A survey

In this study, the author provides a brief and concise summary of empirical investigations pertaining to forecasting with special reference to the accuracy of different forecasting techniques. The study mainly focuses on comparisons of the accuracy of these techniques. The comparisons cover both quantitative and qualitative methods. In addition the summary includes studies seeking to test or improve accuracy by combining forecasting techniques.
The Political Economy of Shrimping in the Gulf of California

Inshore shrimping cooperatives in Mexico's Gulf of California are increasingly marginalized through government regulation, competition with the capital-intensive offshore trawler industry, population growth, and internal political conflict. In its ability to maintain organizational and financial stability and expand its resource base, the Yaqui Indian shrimp cooperative south of Guaymas stands apart from this trend. This success, however, rests on localized historical, ecological, and geomorphological factors, which underscore the pessimistic future projected for cooperatives along this coastline.
Academic Remediation: Educational Applications of Research on Assignment Preference and Choice

SUMMARY Within educational settings students can choose to engage in assigned academic activities or other, sometimes disruptive behaviors. In the current paper recent research on assignment preference, choice, and choosing is reviewed. Results of these studies show how educators can enhance students' academic behaviors (e.g., on-task behavior), decrease disruptive behaviors, and improve academic performance by (a) allowing students to choose assignments, (b) assigning higher preference academic activities, (c) strengthening reinforcement for engaging in academic activities, and (d) altering assignments to make them more acceptable to students.
Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of polarons and charge-conjugation symmetry in conducting polymers

Abstract The main narrow photoluminescence(PL)-enhancing g = 2.0025 ± 0.0010 X-band ODMR of poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) and poly(2,5-dialkoxy para phenylenevinylene) (PDOPV) films, solutions, and blends is described and discussed. The resonances all closely match a sum of narrow and broad Gaussians. In P3AT the narrow Gaussian saturates at a lower power than the broad Gaussian. While this ODMR is believed to result from intrachain ‘distant pair’ polaron recombination, the assignment of each Gaussian to the proper polaron is undecided. The g -values of the two Gaussians are nearly identical in PDOPV, apparently reflecting a very high degree of charge-conjugation symmetry (CCS). They are, however, quite distinct ( g = 2.0032, 2.0019, respectively) in P3AT, possibly due to the sulphur heteroatom on the thiophene rings. The ramifications of this CCS violation for the PL quantum yield are discussed. In all cases, the spectral dependence of the narrow resonance is similar to the PL spectrum, indicating that the polaron levels are close to the band edges and to the levels of the (presumably) short-lived geminate singlet excitons. The sensitivity of the ODMR intensity to sample processing suggests that it may possibly be affected by an unidentified native, possibly conformational, defect. The decay modes competing with polaron recombination are also discussed.