cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Policy Recommendations to Guide the Use of Telemedicine in Primary Care Settings: An American College of Physicians Position Paper

Telemedicine-the use of technology to deliver care at a distance-is rapidly growing and can potentially expand access for patients, enhance patient-physician collaboration, improve health outcomes, and reduce medical costs. However, the potential benefits of telemedicine must be measured against the risks and challenges associated with its use, including the absence of the physical examination, variation in state practice and licensing regulations, and issues surrounding the establishment of the patient-physician relationship. This paper offers policy recommendations for the practice and use of telemedicine in primary care and reimbursement policies associated with telemedicine use. The positions put forward by the American College of Physicians highlight a meaningful approach to telemedicine policies and regulations that will have lasting positive effects for patients and physicians.
Differences in lumbar and pelvic angles and gluteal pressure in different sitting postures

[Purpose] To investigate the effects of erect sitting, slouched posture with cross-legged sitting, and erect posture with cross-legged sitting on the lumbar and pelvic angles, and gluteal pressure. [Subjects] For the experiments, 17 healthy women were recruited. [Methods] All subjects were asked to perform three sitting postures: erect sitting, slouched posture with cross-legged sitting, and erect posture with cross-legged sitting. Lumbar and pelvic angles were measured using a three-dimensional motion-capture system, and gluteal pressure was measured using a pressure mat. [Results] Compared to erector sitting, slouched posture with cross-legged sitting showed significantly greater lumbar flexion, posterior pelvic tilt, and left pelvic tilt. Compared to erect sitting, erect posture with cross-legged sitting showed significantly greater lumbar flexion and posterior pelvic tilt. Compared to erect posture with cross-legged sitting, slouched posture with cross-legged sitting showed significantly greater lumbar flexion and posterior pelvic tilt. Compared to erect sitting and erect posture with cross-legged sitting, slouched posture with cross-legged sitting showed significantly greater left gluteal pressure; there was no significant difference in right gluteal pressure. [Conclusion] An erect posture can reduce changes in lumbar and pelvic angles, and gluteal pressure compared to a slouched posture during cross-legged sitting.
Sufism in the contemporary Arabic novel

, by Ziad Elmarsafy, Edinburgh Studies in Modern Arabic Literature, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2012, 260 pp., £65.00, ISBN 978 0 7486 4140 6 Exactly a century after the publication of M...
Perifollicular erythematous papules on the scalp.

From the School of Medicine, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. Funding sources: None. Conflicts of interest: None declared. Correspondence to: Ryan Fischer, MD, Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160. E-mail: rfischer3@kumc.edu. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016;74:e23-4. 0190-9622/$36.00 a 2015 by the American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.066
Biology of Cerebral Vascular Muscle

This chapter summarizes the current evidence regarding mechanisms which account for activation of guanylate cyclase, adenylate cyclase, and potassium channels in cerebral vascular muscle. This chapter also focuses on endothelium-dependent relaxation and mechanism of vasomotor regulation. Two forms of guanylate cyclase are present in vascular muscle and contribute to regulation of vascular tone. The first form of guanylate cyclase is soluble, or cytosolic, and the second form is particulate (associated with the plasma membrane). Formation of nitric oxide occurs in cerebral blood vessels under basal conditions and activity of nitric oxide synthase can be further stimulated by increases in intracellular calcium that occur in response to receptor mediated agonists like acetylcholine or in response to increases in shear stress. After release by endothelium, nitric oxide diffuses to vascular muscle and stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase, resulting in a rise in intracellular concentrations of cyclic GMP and relaxation. Under normal conditions, nitric oxide is released both lumenally and ablumenally by endothelium. Release of nitric oxide into the vascular lumen contributes to the antithrombogenic properties of endothelium because nitric oxide inhibits aggregation of platelets and adherence of leukocytes to endothelium.
Soberanía popular, democracia y el poder constituyente

The concept of sovereignty is today seriously challenged. Contemporary critics of sovereignty have focused on its hierarchical, unitary, discretionary, and arbitrary attributes. Hence, sovereign power is treated as anachronistic and dangerous, the cause of the many wrongs that have marked modern politics. This paper seeks to defend the notion and practice of sovereignty as inherently democratic. The argument begins with and relies on the historical observation that the idea of sovereignty as supreme command corresponds to merely one definition among several to be proposed and acted on in the long history of this term. An alternative definition can be traced to the writings of several modern political and constitutional thinkers, for whom sovereignty was understood not as the ultimate coercive power of command but instead as the power to found, to posit, to constitute, that is, as a constituting power. It is this alternative conceptualization of the sovereign as constituent power that this article excavates and recovers as a more attractive and relevant form of popular sovereignty, more attuned to the emancipatory and egalitarian promises of a normative theory of democracy.
Glucose formate conversion in gamma-valerolactone

Abstract The conversion of glucose in a non-aqueous solvent has been suggested as a means of mitigating the undesired formation of humins. To this end, the use of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) as a solvent for glucose conversion was studied. Since glucose does not dissolve in GVL, it was first esterified with formic acid to produce GVL-soluble glucose formates. The initial rate of glucose formate consumption in GVL using phosphoric acid as the catalyst is greater than the rate of aqueous conversion of glucose using sulfuric acid, but the products are predominantly oligomers of glucose. Only minor amounts of HMF, furfural levulinic acid and anhydro-glucose are formed. Humins begin to form after 60% of the glucose formate has been converted.
The Prevalence of 'Present-In' Jurisdiction

In August 2011, President Obama issued Presidential Study Directive No. 10 (PSD-10), declaring the prevention of genocide and other mass atrocities to be a ‘‘core national security interest and core moral responsibility’’ of the United States. He thus directed the National Security Advisor to launch an interagency process to comprehensively review the U.S. government’s anti-atrocity capabilities and recommend steps for creating a whole-of-government policy framework for preventing mass atrocities that includes the creation of an Atrocities Prevention Board (APB) featuring high-level interagency representation. In April 2012, President Obama approved the recommendations generated by this review and directed his administration to take a range of steps to strengthen the U.S. government’s ability to foresee, prevent, and respond to mass atrocities.In one particular line of effort, the U.S. government (USG) is identifying ways to improve the ability of U.S., foreign, and international courts to prosecute atrocity crimes. To this end, the Departments of Justice, Homeland Security, and State have been directed to develop proposals that would strengthen the USG’s ability to prosecute perpetrators of atrocities found in the United States, and permit the more effective use of immigration laws and immigration fraud penalties to hold accountable perpetrators of mass atrocities. We are also working to support national, hybrid, and international accountability mechanisms when doing so advances U.S. interests and values, consistent with the requirements of U.S. law. In addition, State, DOJ, and DHS are developing options for assisting with witness protection measures and providing technical assistance in connection with foreign and international prosecutions.As part of this process, we surveyed the practice of other national systems in both incorporating international crimes into their penal codes and prosecuting such crimes under the full range of jurisdictional bases — including universal jurisdiction (UJ) — in an effort to identify the relevant law, state practice and opinio juris. Although there are multiple ways to tally relevant statutes and cases, the results of this empirical research reveal a distinct trend toward the codification of the core international crimes (subject to a certain degree of definitional variation), but more limited state practice when it comes to actual prosecutions. In addition, states are finding creative ways to build forms of oversight and limiting principles into their exercise of UJ to protect against prosecutorial over-reaching and ensure high-level engagement in any prosecution. This comparative approach provides a set of useful models as the USG looks for ways to expand our own prosecutorial authorities in keeping with PSD-10.
Synthesis and Properties of YBaSrCu3O6.9 Prepared from Soluble Precursors

Solution chemistry routes have been used to prepare single-phased superconducting ceramics of YBaSrCu3O6.9 (1113). Resistivity measurements on air annealed samples showed a superconducting onset temperature of 85 K with zero resistance at 78 K which improves to 81 K upon oxygen annealing. Magnetization data show ca. 78% flux exclusion at 5 K for 1113. X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that an orthorhombic to tetragonal transition occurs near 590°C when 1113 was heated in air. This work has demonstrated that such techniques can be utilized to prepare solid solution material with properties similar to those observed in YBa2Cu3Ox (123).
EFFECTS OF POSTGLACIAL RANGE EXPANSION ON ALLOZYME AND QUANTITATIVE GENETIC VARIATION OF THE PITCHER-PLANT MOSQUITO, WYEOMYIA SMITHII

We determined allozyme variability of 34 populations of the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, from Florida (30?N) to northern Manitoba (54?N) and compared allozyme variability with the additive genetic variance for preadult development time and photoperiodic response determined previously for six populations over a similar range (30-50?N). Phylogenetic analysis of allozymes shows a well-defined split between Gulf Coast and lowland North Carolina populations, similar to previously observed phylogeographic patterns in a wide variety of taxa. A deeper split in the phylogeny of W. smithii coincides with the location of the maximum extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Furthermore, both average heterozygosity and patterns of isolation-by-distance decline in populations north of the former glacial border. It is likely that northern populations are the result of a range expansion that occurred subsequent to the late-Wisconsin retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and that these populations have not yet reached a drift-migration equilibrium. The northern decline in allozyme heterozygosity contrasts sharply with the northern increase in additive genetic variance of development time and photoperiodic response found in previous studies. These previous studies also showed that the genetic divergence of populations has involved stochastic variation in the contribution of dominance and epistasis to the genetic architecture underlying demographic traits, including preadult development time, and photoperiodic response. When taken together, the present and prior studies identify the genetic processes underlying the lack of concordance between geographic patterns of allozyme and quantitative genetic variation in natural populations of W. smithii. In the presence of nonadditive genetic variation, isolation and drift can result in opposite patterns of genetic variation for structural genes and quantitative traits.
Fine-Scale Nanostructure in γ-Al2O3

We have applied a local structural technique, atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of powder diffraction data to γ-Al2O3, to obtain a quantitative structure. Refinements of the PDF support previous findings that nonspinel model representations are more suitable to describe the average structure of γ-Al2O3, as opposed to the spinel model. Surprisingly, also we find a previously unknown fine-scale nanostructure with a domain size ∼ 1 nm. Modeling suggests that within these nanodomains the oxygen sublattice is modified from the average structure and retains aspects of the boehmite precursor that reflects a stacking fault in the γ-Al2O3 matrix. This results in a novel and unexpected view of the γ-Al2O3 structure because earlier controversies about it centered on the arrangement of Al ions among different cation sites, whereas the oxygen sublattice arrangement was rarely questioned. This average oxygen sublattice structure is recovered in our models on longer length scales by introducing aperiodic ...
Glycogen formation after oral administration of mannitol to white rats.

Glycogen formation is stated to occur after the oral administration of mannose to animals, but the conversion of mannitol, the hexahydric alcohol which may be obtained by reduction of the aldehyde group of mannose, to glucose or glycogen has not been definitely proven. It has been maintained that sorbitol,1 the hexahydric alcohol derived from glucose, may alleviate the hypoglycemic symptoms in rabbits which have received insulin and when administered to diabetic patients may increase the respiratory quotient. Rosenfeld2 was unable to observe any significant increases in liver glycogen after feeding mannitol to dogs. Pfliiger3 in a critical evaluation of the data of Kiilz concluded that the increased glycogen deposition obtained by this investigator was within the limits of experimental error.We have studied the glycogen content of the liver after the oral administration of d-mannitol by the method of Cori. Young white rats were fasted 24 hours and fed either 2 or 4 cc. of a 15% solution of mannitol by sto...
Exploration of design parameters for a dewatering structure for debris flow mitigation

A small-scale flume experiment was conducted to assess the design considerations for a horizontal dewatering debris-flow-brake. Design parameters and a design sequence are suggested, which were previously unavailable in the published literature, and are developed from comparison to other mitigation design strategies and results of laboratory flume experiments. It is concluded that the most important input parameters into the design of a debris-flow dewatering brake are the expected thickness of the debris-flow deposit and the channel shape. The volume of debris that can be stopped and stored by this mitigation design is a function of these parameters as well as channel slope. The thickness of the debris that is arrested on the grate depends on the depositional properties of the debris-flow mass, such as the unit weight of the material, but in small-scale experimentation thickness was not affected by volume of the debris available. The ideal brake is a free draining surface with an aperture smaller than the D90 value for the debris-flow grain-size distribution.
Monitoring results of soil-borne nematode infection status in Cangxian County of Hebei Province from 2006-2013

[Objective]To carry out surveillance of soil-borne nematode infection continuously in rural population, and provide scientific evidence for developing parasitic diseases control strategy. [Methods]From 2006-2013,≥1 000 stool specimens of local residents,who were over 3 years and lived in monitoring points,were collected in October. Modified Kato Katz thick smear method was used to detect the hookworm,roundworm,whipworm and Enterobius vermicularis eggs. Children aged 3-12 years were added cellophane tape anal swab method for pinworm eggs detection. The rate and intensity of infection was calculated. Soil samples of vegetables garden,toilet surroundings,garden and kitchen were collected for pollution monitoring of ascaris eggs.[Results]From 2006-2013,ascaris eggs infection rates were 0.4%,0.28%,0,0.09%,0,0,0,0.10%,the degree of infection is mild in each year,other species were not detected. A total of 1 049 3-12 years old children were detected pinworm,24 were positive,the infection rate was 2.23%. Female pinworm infection rate was significantly higher than male. No eggs were detected in soil samples. [Conclusion]The Soil-borne nematode monitoring in different points for 8 consecutive years from 2006-2013 only finds ascaris eggs infection,concentrating in 30-39 years,40-49 years and 50 year age groups. The soil-borne nematode infection rate in Cangxian County is at a low level.
Use of webboards for distance learning: a physical therapy model.

In today's world of ever-increasing knowledge and technology, mastering the use of information is critical for success. U.S. Army physical therapists have successfully used the Knowledge Management Network as a tool to foster communication, education, and training. The model outlined in this article can serve both as a model for promoting distance learning and as a success story of how to merge today's technology with the medical community to improve productivity and communication.
Can Federal Courts Adjudicate Issues of International Law -- Examining the Act of State Doctrine and the Banco De Nacional De Cuba v. Sabbatino Decision.

Legal philosopher John Austin’s view of positive law as it relates to international law is examined at the beginning of the article. Generally, Austin asserts that positive law requires the existence of a sovereign; but in international law, the question is what sovereign would provide the superior power to induce compliance through enforcement. The issue of law verses custom is examined as it bears on international law in the absence of a sovereign. The paper then examines the expanding role of federal courts in international law — especially as the doctrine is developed in Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino, where the doctrine of the Act of State Rule is examined by both the majority holding and the dissent.
Antisense Inhibition of Protein Synthesis and Function

When considering the use of antisense technology for in vivo apphcatron, whether for therapeutic development or for the creation of animal models for human diseases, a major problem is that most extracellular compartments are constantly mixing with the blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and so forth, and thus constantly diluting the oligonucleotide. A possibly unique exception to this problem is the vitreous, a gelatinous fluid overlying the inner retinal surface. The vitreous is formed early in development and is in essence a relatively closed compartment with no active transport of fluids or ions. Forensic pathologists make use of this fact in determining the composition of electrolytes at the time of death by sampling the vitreal compartment.
Design of a thermosyphon-based thermal valve for controlled high-temperature heat extraction

Abstract Conventional concentrated solar power (CSP) is a reliable alternative energy source that uses the sun’s heat to drive a heat engine to produce electrical power. An advantage of CSP is its ability to store thermal energy for use during off-sun hours which is typically done by storing sensible heat in molten salts. Alternatively, thermal energy may be stored as latent heat in a phase-change material (PCM), which stores large quantities of thermal energy in an isothermal process. On-sun, the PCM melts, storing energy. Off-sun, the latent heat is extracted to produce dispatchable electrical power. This paper presents the design of a thermosyphon-based device with sodium working fluid that is able to extract heat from a source as demand requires. A prototype has been designed to transfer 37 kW of thermal energy from a 600 °C molten PCM tank to an array of 9% efficient thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to produce 3 kW of usable electrical energy for 5 h. This “thermal valve” design incorporates a funnel to collect condensate and a central shut-off valve to control condensate gravity return to the evaporator. Three circumferential tubes allow vapour transport up to the condenser. Pressure and a thermal resistance models were developed to predict the performance of the thermal valve. The pressure model predicts that the thermal valve will function as designed. The thermal resistance model predicts a 5500× difference in total thermal resistance between “on” and “off” states. The evaporator and condenser walls comprise 96% of the “on” thermal resistance, while the small parasitic heat transfer in the “off” state is primarily (77%) due to radiation losses. This simple and effective technology can have a strong impact on the feasibility, scalability, and dispatchability of CSP latent storage. In addition, other industrial and commercial applications can benefit from this thermal valve concept.
Regulation of the microenvironment for cardiac tissue engineering

The microenvironment of myocardium plays an important role in the fate and function of cardiomyocytes (CMs). Cardiovascular tissue engineering strategies commonly utilize stem cell sources in conjunction with microenvironmental cues that often include biochemical, electrical, spatial and biomechanical factors. Microenvironmental stimulation of CMs, in addition to the incorporation of intercellular interactions from non-CMs, results in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs. Current studies suggest that use of these factors when engineering cardiac constructs improve cardiac function when implanted in vivo. In this review, we summarize the approaches to modulate biochemical, electrical, biomechanical and spatial factors to induce CM differentiation and their subsequent organization for cardiac tissue engineering application.
Sexual Minority Women's Satisfaction with Health Care Providers and State-level Structural Support: Investigating the Impact of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Nondiscrimination Legislation

Abstract Purpose Structural discrimination is associated with negative health outcomes among sexual minority populations. Recent changes to state-level and national legislation provide both the opportunity and the need to further explore the impact of legislation on the health indicators of sexual minorities. Using an ecosocial theory lens, the present research addresses the relationship between structural support or discrimination and satisfaction with one's health care provider among sexual minority women. Methods Data were drawn from an online survey of sexual minority women's health care experiences. Using the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization to operationalize the variables in our model, we examined the relationship between state-level nondiscrimination legislation and satisfaction with provider—a widely used measure of health care quality—through regression analysis. Findings Participants in structurally supportive states (i.e., those with nondiscrimination legislation) were more likely to disclose their sexual identity to their providers and to report higher satisfaction with their providers. The absence of nondiscrimination legislation was associated negatively with satisfaction with providers. Conclusions Results of our study show that the external environment in which sexual minority women seek health care, characterized by structural support or lack thereof, is related to perceived quality of health care.
“We Are Talking About Practice”: the Influence of Mindfulness vs. Relaxation Training on Athletes’ Attention and Well-Being over High-Demand Intervals

We investigated the impact of short-form mindfulness training (MT) vs. relaxation training (RT) programs on sustained attention and emotional well-being in college football players (N = 100) during their high-demand pre-season training interval. Participants received 4 weeks of MT (n = 56) or RT (n = 44) and completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) and questionnaires assessing emotional well-being before and after the training period. Sustained attention was assessed via SART outcomes indexing performance (A′), reaction time variability (intraindividual coefficient of variation (ICV)), and self-reported mind wandering and meta-awareness (Probe 1, Probe 2), while emotional well-being was assessed via the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State; STAI-S), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Overall, behavioral measures of sustained attention (A′, ICV) and self-report measures of emotional well-being (PANAS Positive, STAI-S, CES-D) declined during the training interval, suggesting that this was a high-demand interval with cognitive and emotional consequences. Further, while group effects comparing training programs were non-significant, greater engagement (i.e., practice and adherence) in MT, but not RT, predicted greater benefits, akin to protection-from-decline, on SART behavioral indices (A′, ICV). Greater engagement in both MT and RT predicted negative change in anxiety and positive change in positive affect over the high-demand interval. These results suggest that, similar to physical training, athletes must sufficiently engage in MT and RT to experience the distinct and overlapping benefits these programs offer over cognitively and emotionally demanding intervals, such as pre-season athletic training.
Melo e Castro, Paul, editor. Lengthening Shadows: An Anthology of Goan Short Stories Translated from Portuguese. 2 vols. Goa 1566 and Golden Heart Emporium, 2016.

In translating and compiling the 45 stories in this double volume, editor Paul Melo e Castro showcases the legacy of the Portuguese short story from erstwhile Goa Portuguesa. Between 1510 and 1961, Goa was the capital of Luso-Asia and the Estado da India Portuguesa. For Melo e Castro, the anthology functions as "the autopsy of a dead literature," focused as it is on a corpus that spans the period between 1864 and 1987 (8).
Updated results from phase II study of guadecitabine for patients with higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

7020Background: Improving the current response and survival outcomes of patients with higher risk MDS and CMML is fundamental. Guadecitabine is a next generation hypomethylating agent with increase...
Faster segmentation algorithm for optical coherence tomography images with guaranteed smoothness

This paper considers the problem of segmenting an accurate and smooth surface from 3D volumetric images. Despite extensive studies in the past, the segmentation problem remains challenging in medical imaging, and becomes even harder in highly noisy and edge-weak images. In this paper we present a highly efficient graph-theoretical approach for segmenting a surface from 3D OCT images. Our approach adopts an objective function that combines the weight and the smoothness of the surface so that the resulting segmentation achieves global optimality and smoothness simultaneously. Based on a volumetric graph representation of the 3D images that incorporates curvature information, our approach first generates a set of 2D local optimal segmentations, and then iteratively improves the solution by fast local computation at regions where significant improvement can be achieved. It can be shown that our approach monotonically improves the quality of solution and converges rather quickly to the global optimal solution. To evaluate the convergence and performance of our method, we test it on both artificial data sets and a set of 14 3D OCT images. Our experiments suggest that the proposed method yields optimal (or almost optimal) solutions in 3 to 5 iterations. Comparing to the existing approaches, our method has a much improved running time, yields almost the same global optimality but with much better smoothness, which makes it especially suitable for segmenting highly noisy images. Our approach can be easily generalized to multi-surface detection.
Global Redundancy Resolution via Continuous Pseudoinversion of the Forward Kinematic Map

This paper presents a novel approach to kinematic redundancy resolution for redundant robots, which have more degrees of freedom than workspace dimensions. It introduces the concept of a global redundancy resolution, which has the convenient property that whenever the robot returns to the same workspace point, it uses the same joint-space pose. The problem is cast, as a continuous pseudoinversion of the forward kinematic map. Continuity and smoothness should be attained if possible, but otherwise the volume of the discontinuity boundary should be minimized. A sampling-based approximation technique is presented that constructs roadmaps of both the domain and image, and minimizes discontinuities of the inverse function using a maximum satisfiability problem. Applications of this map include teleoperation, dimensionality reduction in motion planning, and workspace visualization. Results are demonstrated on toy problems with up to 20 DOF and on several robot arms. Note to Practitioners —Determining whether a robot manipulator can cover a range of movement in a Cartesian workspace under joint limits and collision constraints is typically addressed by an engineer’s intuition and trial and error. This paper presents an algorithm to solve this problem systematically. The method optimizes a mapping from workspace to joint space to minimize the number of discontinuities. The resulting maps can be used to select continuous inverse kinematic solutions to follow workspace paths, and their visualizations can aid in workcell design, robot selection, and robot placement.
Goal Selection for Counseling with Potentially Religious Clients by Professional and Student Counselors in Explicitly Christian or Secular Settings

Research findings suggest that (a) “religious” clients are less likely to benefit from counseling (more dropouts, less beneficial change) than “nonreligious” clients and (b) successful counseling u...
Scaling 360-degree Adaptive Bitrate Video Delivery Over an SDN Architecture

End user requirements for the delivery of 360-degree media content creates unique challenges when considering operations on a large scale. Systematically taking advantage of existing network capacity is multifaceted and complex. Multipath TCP (MPTCP) can leverage numerous networks simultaneously, but its performance can suffer in congested environments due to inherent trade-offs between responsiveness and load balancing. This paper presents a technique that mitigates these limitations in a software-defined architecture, particularly when operating among many users simultaneously. Using Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) combined with Mininet and Floodlight controllers to manage the network, we designed a framework that actively manages Quick UDP Internet Connections (QUIC) and/or MPTCP usage with a large number of users. Testbed experimental results reveal that the average multipath differential delay decreased by up to 40% in campus networks with 500 or more users. These results are encouraging when compared against current and experimental multipath algorithms that attempt to address similar issues. In campus networks with more than 800 users, analyses show the framework outperforms standard MPTCP in network efficiency by up to 30%.
An Evolutionary Beverton-Holt Model

The classic Beverton-Holt (discrete logistic) difference equation, which arises in population dynamics, has a globally asymptotically stable equilibrium (for positive initial conditions) if its coefficients are constants. If the coefficients change in time, then the equation becomes nonautonomous and the asymptotic dynamics might not be as simple. One reason the coefficients can change in time is their evolution by natural selection. If the model coefficients are functions of a heritable phenotypic trait subject to natural selection then, by standard methods for modeling evolution, the model becomes a planar system of coupled difference equations, consisting of a Beverton-Holt type equation for the population dynamics and a difference equation for the dynamics of the mean phenotypic trait. We consider a case when the trait equation uncouples from the population dynamic equation and obtain criteria under which the evolutionary system has globally asymptotically stable equilibria or periodic solutions.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: The Elusive Hormone

In September 1953 three young men sat on the grass on the grounds of the Allan Memorial Institute of Psychiatry, McGill University, in Montreal, Canada. The Allan Institute is situated on the slopes of Mount Royal (Fig. 1) and the view of the city below was spectacularly beautiful (Fig. 2). September and October are the best months in Montreal, with unexpected warmth, clear skies, and brilliant colors in the trees. But the young men were not looking at the scenery; they were planning experiments.
PRESSURE AND ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS IN THE DIAMOND CELL

A method for measuring electrical resistance in the diamond anvil high pressure cell that employs gasketed samples and a fluid pressure transmitting medium has been developed. Measurements on the semiconductors, ZnS and GaP, both of which exhibit pressure-induced transitions to opaque phases have been made. A decrease in electrical resistance of several orders of magnitude has been measured with the appearance of the high pressure phase, thus indicating the formation of a metallic or semi-metallic state. These results are in agreement with our earlier work which indicated the need for downward revision of the fixed-point pressure scale.
Peace Research and Greening in the Red Zone: Community-Based Ecological Restoration to Enhance Resilience and Transitions Toward Peace

A growing network of social and ecological scientists argue that change is to be expected and planned for, and that identifying sources and mechanisms of resilience in the face of change is crucial to the long-term well-being of humans, their communities, and the local environment. This ‘change’ can include armed conflict and civil unrest, especially as access to resources is constrained. Yet, several gaps in the resilience literature persist, including (1) a lack of studies focused on cultural systems (Wright/Masten 2005) related to change and conflict, (2) relatively few studies that explicitly re-embed humans in ecosystems in the overlapping contexts of security, sustainability, equity and peace, and (3) a need for more studies that integrate the theory and science of individual human resilience with broader ecological systems theory and research exemplified by social-ecological systems resilience scholarship (Masten/Obradovic 2008). The chapter engages the call for identifying sources and mechanisms of resilience and introduces five mechanisms in an attempt to address identified gaps in the resilience literature, and to further efforts to better understand and utilize community-based ecological restoration in enhancing resilience and transitions toward peace.
Tutorial on Experimental Dynamic Substructuring Using the Transmission Simulator Method

Although analytical substructures have been used successfully for years, practical experimental substructures have been limited to special cases until recently. Many of the historical practical applications were based on a single point attachment. Since substructures have to be connected, theoretically, in both translation and rotation degrees of freedom, measurement translation responses and forces around the single point attachment could be used to estimate the rotational responses and moments. For multiple attachment points, often the rotations and moments have been neglected entirely. In addition, often the effect of the joint stiffness and damping is neglected. The translation simulator approach developed by Allen and Mayes captures the interface forces and motions through a fixture called the transmission simulator, overcoming the historical difficulties. The experimental free modes of the experimental substructure mounted to the transmission simulator and the finite element model of the transmission simulator are used to couple the experimental substructure to another substructure and subtract the transmission simulator. This captures the effects of the joint stiffness and damping. The experimental method and mathematics will be explained with examples. The tutorial assumes a basic understanding of the linear multi-degree of freedom equations of motion and the modal approximation.
Formed Elements of Human Blood

The formed elements present in the blood of the human fetus and newborn differ in many respects from those found in older children and adults. Differences have been reported in the metabolism, functions, and cell concentrations in the bone marrow and circulating blood. Obviously, adult values cannot be used for reference when studying fetal and neonatal cells. Thus, these age-related variations in normal values must be appreciated to define the physiology of the perinatal period and to recognize disease. In this chapter, a brief review of the development of the formed elements during fetal life will be given, followed by a description of the characteristics of the erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets present during perinatal life.
Toward Comprehensive Understanding and Treatment of Schizophrenia

A 24-year-old, white, single woman, Ms. N., is brought to the hospital because of recurrent auditory hallucinations and marked agitation. She has been hospitalized for these symptoms on three previous occasions. The voices have been present intermittently for about six years. Sometimes they call her names, sometimes they comment on her thoughts and actions. She thinks they may be caused by some group trying to control her, but is not sure who it is, or won’t say. When the hallucinations are severe, she often becomes agitated with bizarre ritual pacing. She is not elated or depressed.
Surf4 (Erv29p) binds amino-terminal tripeptide motifs of soluble cargo proteins with different affinities, enabling prioritization of their exit from the endoplasmic reticulum

Some secreted proteins that assemble into large complexes, such as extracellular matrices or hormones and enzymes in storage granules, must be kept at subaggregation concentrations during intracellular trafficking. We show surfeit locus protein 4 (Surf4) is the cargo receptor that establishes different steady-state concentrations for a variety of soluble cargo proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through interaction with the amino-terminal tripeptides exposed after removal of leader sequences. We call this motif the ER-Exit by Soluble Cargo using Amino-terminal Peptide-Encoding motif (ER-ESCAPE motif). Proteins that most readily aggregate in the ER lumen (e.g., dentin sialophosphoprotein [DSPP] and amelogenin, X-linked [AMELX]) have strong ER-ESCAPE motifs to inhibit aggregate formation, while less susceptible cargo exhibits weaker motifs. Specific changes in a single amino acid of the tripeptide result in aggregate formation and failure to efficiently traffic cargo out of the ER. A logical subset of 8,000 possible tripeptides starting a model soluble cargo protein (growth hormone) established a continuum of steady-state ER concentrations ranging from low (i.e., high affinity for receptor) to the highest concentrations associated with bulk flow–limited trafficking observed for nonbinding motifs. Human cells lacking Surf4 no longer preferentially trafficked cargo expressing strong ER-ESCAPE motifs. Reexpression of Surf4 or expression of yeast’s ortholog, ER-derived vesicles protein 29 (Erv29p), rescued enhanced ER trafficking in Surf4-null cells. Hence our work describes a new way of preferentially exporting soluble cargo out of the ER that maintains proteins below the concentrations at which they form damaging aggregates.
Predicting Short-Term Uber Demand in New York City Using Spatiotemporal Modeling

AbstractThe demand for e-hailing services is growing rapidly, especially in large cities. Uber is the first and most popular e-hailing company in the United States and New York City (NYC). A compar...
The Length of Promoter Sequence Affects The De Novo Initiation By T7 RNA Polymerase in Vitro: New Insights Into The Evolution of Promoters For Single Subunit RNA Polymerases

1.1 Abstract RNA polymerases (RNAPs) differ from other polymerases in that they can bind promoter sequences and initiate de novo transcription. Promoter recognition requires the presence of specific DNA binding domains in the polymerase. The structure and mechanistic aspects of transcription by the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) are well characterized. This single subunit RNAP belongs to the family of RNAPs which also includes the T3, SP6 and mitochondrial RNAPs. High specificity for its promoter, the requirement of no additional transcription factors, and high fidelity of initiation from a specific site in the promoter makes it the polymerase of choice to study the mechanistic aspects of transcription. The structure and function of the catalytic domains of this family of polymerases are highly conserved suggesting a common mechanism underlying transcription. Although the two groups of single subunit RNAPs, mitochondrial and bacteriophage, have remarkable structural conservation, they recognize quite dissimilar promoters. Specifically, the bacteriophage promoters recognize a 23 nucleotide promoter extending from −17 to + 6 nucleotides relative to the site of transcription initiation, while the well characterized promoter recognized by the yeast mitochondrial RNAP is nine nucleotides in length extending from −8 to +1 relative to the site of transcription initiation. Promoters recognized by the bacteriophage RNAPs are also well characterized with distinct functional domains involved in promoter recognition and transcription initiation. Thorough mutational studies have been conducted by altering individual base-pairs within these domains. Here we describe experiments to determine whether the prototype bacteriophage RNAP is able to recognize and initiate at truncated promoters similar to mitochondrial promoters. Using an in vitro oligonucleotide transcriptional system, we have assayed transcription initiation activity by T7 RNAP. When a complete or almost complete (20 to 16 nucleotide) double stranded T7 RNAP promoter sequence is present, small RNA’s are produced through template-independent and promoter-dependent stuttering corresponding to abortive initiation, and this effect was lost with a scrambled promoter sequence. When partial double stranded promoter sequences (10 to 12 nucleotides) are supplied, template dependent de novo initiation of RNA occurs at a site different from the canonical +1-initiation site. The site of transcription initiation is determined by a recessed 3’ end based paired to the template strand of DNA rather than relative to the partial promoter sequence. Understanding the mechanism underlying this observation helps us to understand the role of the elements in the T7 promoter, and provides insights into the promoter evolution of the single-subunit RNAPs.
Service Learning and Early Childhood Education: Intersection of Developmentally Appropriate Practice and P.A.R.E.

Service learning (SL) is both a pedagogy and philosophy adopted by many early childhood teacher educators. Extant research suggests the incorporation of service-learning can be effective for facili...
Efficient and Guaranteed Planar Pose Graph optimization Using the Complex Number Representation

In this paper, we present CPL-Sync, a certifiably correct algorithm to solve planar pose graph optimization (PGO) using the complex number representation. We formulate planar PGO as the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) on the product of unit complex numbers, and relax this nonconvex quadratic complex optimization problem to complex semidefinite programming (SDP). Furthermore, we simplify the corresponding semidefinite programming to Riemannian staircase optimization (RSO) on complex oblique manifolds that can be solved with the Riemannian trust region (RTR) method. In addition, we prove that the SDP relaxation and RSO simplification are tight as long as the noise magnitude is below a certain threshold. The efficacy of this work is validated through comparisons with existing methods as well as applications on planar PGO in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), which indicates that the proposed algorithm is capable of solving planar PGO certifiably, and is more efficient in numerical computation and more robust to measurement noises than existing state-of-the-art methods. The C++ code for CPL-Sync is available at https://github.com/fantaosha/CPL-Sync.
The Rhetoric of Things: Historical Archaeology and Oral History

This paper examines precisely how objects assume meanings in archaeological interpretation and a dimension of everyday life and experience that exists on the fringes of self-consciousness. Archaeologists interpret the meanings of material things in ways that have often sought to erase the ambiguities of material symbolism in conventional linear narratives, but oral memories routinely struggle with the meaning of things and underscore their complex and ambiguous meanings. The paper examines how the contributors to this volume illuminate the implications of oral memories on broader material culture scholarship both within and beyond historical archaeology.
Interactive machine teaching: a human-centered approach to building machine-learned models

Modern systems can augment people’s capabilities by using machine-learned models to surface intelligent behaviors. Unfortunately, building these models remains challenging and beyond the reach of n...
Putting the Horse Before the Unicorn: A Safe Supply Strategy Should Begin With Partial Agonists--A Commentary on Bonn et al. (2020).

Comments on an article by M. Bonn et al. (see record 2021-06968-003). Bonn et al. advocate for the introduction and scaling up of safe supply. The current authors report that we should not pursue this unicorn, however, without first taking advantage of the workhorse that is ready to go and can quickly make a population-level difference during the present syndemic. We can recast buprenorphine as a non-treatment-based overdose prophylaxis and distribute it widely among the populations at the greatest risk. This will set the conceptual, legal, and medical stages for considering and evaluating the more controversial intervention of full agonist safe supply. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)