cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRESENCE OF A TOXIC SUBSTANCE IN THE BLOOD AND URINE OF PATIENTS WITH SCARLET FEVER

A series of observations on the blood of patients acutely ill with scarlet fever has shown that a toxic substance can be demonstrated in the serum by means of intracutaneous injections of the serum in persons who have not had scarlet fever and whose serums fail to blanch the rash in scarlet fever. The reaction caused by this substance consists of a bright red local erythema, varying from 20 to 70 mm. in diameter, of 1 to 4 days duration. The severer reactions are moderately indurated and tender, and are followed bypigmentation and desquamation. Control injections in persons whose serums blanch the rash in scarlet fever cause no reaction. The toxic substance is not neutralized by mixture with a human serum which gives a negative blanching test but is readily neutralized by a human serum which gives a positive blanching test. It is not neutralized by normal horse serum, but is completely neutralized by Dochez's scarlatinal antistreptococcic serum. In a limited number of observations on the urine of patients with scarlet fever a similar toxic substance has been found in two out of five cases studied. Since the toxic substance described appears to resemble the toxic substance found in the filtrates of scarlatinal hemolytic streptococcus cultures by Dick and Dick and since it is neutralized not only by a blanching human serum but also by Dochez's scarlatinal antistreptococcic horse serum, the experiments reported support the conception that scarlet fever is a local infection of the throat by a particular type of Streptococcus haemolyticus capable of producing a toxin which is absorbed and is the cause of the general manifestations of the disease.
Experimental Test of Instability-Enhanced Collisional Friction for Determining Ion Loss in Two Ion Species Plasmas

Recent experiments have shown that ions in weakly collisional plasmas containing two ion species of comparable densities nearly reach a common velocity at the sheath edge. A new theory suggests that collisional friction between the two ion species enhanced by two stream instability reduces the drift velocity of each ion species relative to each other near the sheath edge and finds that the difference in velocities at the sheath edge depends on the relative concentrations of the species. It is small when the concentrations are comparable and is large, with each species reaching its own Bohm velocity, when the relative concentration differences are large. To test these findings, ion drift velocities were measured with laser-induced fluorescence in argon-xenon plasmas. We show that the predictions are in excellent agreement with the first experimental tests of the new model.
Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula presenting with syncope

Previous reports of syncope in patients with coronary arteriovenous fistula (CAVF) have theorized that it occurs secondary to a coronary steal phenomenon. We present a case of syncope in a young woman with a CAVF and no anatomic substrate for coronary steal.
In-situ monitoring of electrochemical transport processes in Hanford Grout Vault Soil

Abstract Real-time spatially-resolved radiotracer and soil conductivity measurements were used to assess the fate of contaminants and the interaction of electrolysis products with Grout Vault Soil from the Department of Energy's Hanford site in Richland, Washington. Radiotracer techniques allowed the extent that a radioactive species was remediated to be unambiguously determined in the laboratory, and the method also provided insight into the immobilization of Cs + by adsorption to the soil. Conductivity measurements provided a window into the changing state of the porous medium and the propagation of electrochemically-generated species that were introduced by water electrolysis at each active electrode. Measurements of the velocity of conductivity fronts generated by water electrolysis were combined with detailed geochemical and geophysical data about the soil to evaluate plausible soil chemistries in the system. Based on ion transport rates, it was shown that the alkaline nature of the soil buffered protons generated at the anode and hydroxide anions generated at the cathode titrated surface groups in the soil.
Visual pigments: their spectra and isomerizations.

— We have made Pariser-Parr-Pople molecular orbital calculations of the torsional energy curves for rotation about pertinent bonds in retinal and its Schiffs base derivatives. The results correlate well with their observed spectra and isomerization behavior. The calculations are also consistent with the visual pigment model of a protonated Schiffs base of retinal perturbed by a charged group in its environment.
English-Language Assistance Programs, English-Skill Acquisition, and the Academic Progress of High School Language Minority Students

Utilizing the 1988–1992 surveys from the Restricted-Use National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, I find that language minority students who received English-language assistance (ELA) programs beyond the third grade reported lower English-skill acquisition and made smaller academic progress in high school than their peers. Moreover, while the type of high school ELA program (e.g., bilingual education) differently affected scholastic outcomes, students in such programs did not surpass their counterparts in monolingual-English classes on average.
Cooter and Rappoport on the Normative

In a recent examination of the origins of ordinal utility theory in neoclassical economics, Robert D. Cooter and Peter Rappoport argue that the ordinalist revolution of the 1930s, after which most economists abandoned interpersonal utility comparisons as normative and unscientific, constituted neither unambiguous progress in economic science nor the abandonment of normative theorizing, as many economists and historians of economic thought have generally believed (Cooter and Rappoport, 1984). Rather, the widespread acceptance of ordinalism, with its focus on Pareto optimality, simply represented the emergence of a new neoclassical research agenda that, on the one hand, defined economics differently than had the material welfare theorists of the cardinal utility school and, on the other, adopted a positivist methodology in contrast to the less restrictive empiricism of the cardinalists.
An Alternative View on IFLA, Human Rights, and the Social Responsibility of International Librarianship:

The publication of the first book on the development of IFLA's human rights involvement provides an opportunity to stimulate discussion about that history, with particular reference to the Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE) core activity. Several case studies (South Africa, Turkey, Israel/Palestine, and Cuba) are evaluated, the work of the IFLA Social Responsibilities Discussion Group is noted, and suggestions are made for the more democratic and effective functioning of FAIFE.
Human osteogenic sarcoma cells exhibit enhanced protein phosphorylation.

Abstract Protein phosphorylation was compared in normal human cells and human osteogenic sarcoma cells. The phosphorylation of endogenous cellular protein substrates was measured by two independent methods, incubation of homogenized cells with [γ- 32 P]ATP or labeling of intact cells with Na 2 H 32 PO 4 . Phosphorylated proteins were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The stained protein bands of all four osteosarcoma cell lines were nearly identical to those of the normal cells. However, each of the osteosarcoma cell lines showed autoradiographic evidence of enhanced phosphorylation in many different protein bands which was neither cyclic AMP-dependent nor a function of cellular growth rate or density. When normal and tumor cell homogenates were mixed prior to incubation with [γ- 32 P]ATP, the resulting phosphoprotein patterns resembled those obtained with the tumor cells alone. In addition, a surgically derived osteogenic sarcoma was cultured and an established line obtained; another portion of the fresh tumor was immediately homogenized and used in a phosphorylation assay. The same enhanced phosphorylation pattern was obtained with the homogenized fresh tumor as with the cell line established from it. These results suggest thathuman osteogenic sarcoma cells are able to perform a significantly increased amount of phosphorylation of endegenous cellular protein substrates when compared to normal human cells.
Thin-layer chromatography of monoalkyl- and polymethylarenes on alumina

Abstract Thin-layer chromatography of monoalkylarenes in teh naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene series, of polymethylarenes in the first two series, and of a few alkyl-susbtituted azulenes was conducted on alumina in a enviroment of constant humidity. Results are found to be consistent with a Taft Linear free-energy relationship involing the total π-electronic system of the parent arene as the flatwise adsorbing group, which senses both polar effect (thqt serve to increase adsorbability) and steric effect (that serve to decrease adsorbability due to hindrance between the substituent and the alumina surface) of the substituent(s). In the polymethylarenes it is found that isomers with vicinal arrangements of substituents generally have the largest adsorbabilities. Discussion of these results and comparison with reported data from other studies are presented.
Climatological and Genetic Effects on Milk Composition and Yield

Results confirm most other research on milk composition and yield. All responses were affected by climate, some considerably more than others, if percent of error variance is the criterion. Jersey yields were less sensitive to climate than were Holstein, but Jersey milk composition appeared more sensitive. Somatic cell count (REF), a measure of mastitis, was affected by climate but less than all other variables except protein/fat and LM%. Needed are estimates of interactions between climatic effects and response surface models to quantify possible improvement in performance following environmental modification. Genetic correlations between milk yield and REF and chloride % suggest that single trait selection for milk yield might increase incidence of mastitis although phenotypic correlations indicate that high yields and absence of mastitis are correlated.
Why Does It Take Longer to Read Digital Than Film-Screen Screening Mammograms? A Partial Explanation

Digital screening mammograms (DM) take longer to interpret than film-screen screening mammograms (FSM). We evaluated what part of the process takes long in our reading environment. We selected cases from those for which timed readings had been performed as part of a previous study. Readers were timed as they performed various computer manipulations on groups of DM cases and as they moved the alternator and adjusted lighting and manual shutters for FSM cases. Subtracting manipulation time from the original interpretation times yielded estimated times to reach a decision. Manipulation times for DM ranged from a low of 11 s when four-view DM were simply opened and closed in a 4-on-1 hanging protocol before moving on to the next study to 113.8 s when each view of six-view DM were brought up 1-on-1, enlarged to 100% resolution, and panned through. Manipulation times for groups of FSM ranged from 8.3 to 12.1 s. Estimated decision-making times for DM ranged from 128.0 to 202.2 s, while estimated decision-making time for FSM ranged from 60.9 to 146.3 s. Computer manipulation time partially explains the discrepancy in interaction times between DM and FSM. Radiologists also appear to spend more time looking at DM than at FSM before making a decision.
Root contraction in hyacinth. IV, Orientation of cellulose microfibrils in radial longitudinal and transverse cell walls

Cellulose microfibrils (MFs) were visualized on the inner surface of root cortex cell walls ofHyacinthus orientalis L. using a replica technique. Microfibril orientation was determined in radial longitudinal and transverse cell walls of the root tip, uncontracted, contracting, and fully contracted regions of the root. In longitudinal walls, the innermost MFs were ordered and parallel to one another and were oriented transversely, axially or obliquely, depending upon the developmental stage of the region. In transverse walls MFs in a single layer formed crisscross or ordered parallel arrays, depending upon the region. Parallel arrays were oriented either parallel, perpendicular, or oblique to the radius of the root. Inner walls of certain cells in the contracting region had MFs which appeared interrupted over their lengths. In general, these findings parallel earlier immunofluorescence and electron microscopic observations of changing cortical microtubule (MT) orientation accompanying root contraction. The major exception to MT-MF congruence occurred in cells of the actively contracting region. In middle and outer cell layers, MFs appeared short and partially obscured, while MTs in these cells occurred in conspicuous laterally aggregated strands parallel to one another over the length of the cells or were absent. This alteration in MF-MT parallelism may be related to the reorientation in cell growth occurring in the contractile zone or to the collapse of specific cells during the process of root contraction.
Microscopy of the living pancreas in situ.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the microscopic anatomy of the living pancreas in situ. The results indicate that: (1) it is possible to study cellular detail in the living pancreas with resolution closely approaching the limit of resolution of the light microscope; (2) blood flow through indivdual capillaries in both acinar and islet tissue is intermittent; (3) local blood flow through acinar capillaries is regulated by smooth muscle precapillary sphincters and by endothelial sphincters, while flow through capillaries in islets is regulated locally by endothelial sphincters only: (4) insular-acinar capillary anastomoses exist but are not frequent; (5) secretory canaliculi between adjacent acinar cells exist in life and pass between centro-acinar cells to reach the lumen of the ducts; (6) processes of beta cells may pass between two adjacent cells to provide additional surface area for transcapillary exchange; (7) the formation and release of zymogen granules occurs within 45-90 minutes in acinar cells stimulated with pancreozymin and the formation and release of beta granules occurs within 20-60 minutes in beta cells stimulated with tolbutamide; and (8) cytological changes during the secretory cycle in acinar and beta cells are consistent with the current ultrastructural theory of secretion.
Systematics of Tillandsia subgenus Pseudalcantarea (Bromeliaceae)

Tillandsia subg.Pseudalcantarea (Bromeliaceae) includes four species as currently delimited. The phylogenetic relationships of the species in this group are investigated by a cladistic analysis using 16 morphological characters, withVriesea subg.Alcantarea employed as the outgroup.Tillandsia subg.Pseudalcantarea is found to be paraphyletic.Tillandsia grandis andT. paniculata are transferred toTillandsia subg.Tillandsia because they are hypothesized to share a more recent common ancestor withT. utriculata, the type of the genus, than they do with the other two species placed in subg.Pseudalcantarea, i.e.,T. baliophylla andT. viridiflora. These latter two species possibly constitute a basal clade withinTillandsia and are provisionally retained within subg.Pseudalcantarea.
The influence of client behavior during motivational interviewing on marijuana treatment outcome

Psychotherapy process research continues to be important in identifying within session client and therapist behaviors related to outcome. Motivational Interviewing (MI) assumes that the type of client language elicited within session is important. Client behavior was coded from 61 MI sessions with marijuana dependent adults. Sessions were coded for client language using the Client Language and Commitment Scale. Client statements indicating desire and reasons for change were significantly predictive of marijuana treatment outcome through the 34-month follow-up above and beyond baseline levels of marijuana use or motivation for change. Commitment language was not associated with outcomes. These findings suggest specific types of client language statements predict marijuana treatment outcome and are durable to a 34-month follow-up.
Steady motions of translating, twisted webs

The literature on thin, narrow axially moving materials is diverse and mature. However, few investigators have studied the behavior of thin, wide translating continua. This paper evaluates the effect of twist on the equilibrium of wide, axially moving webs. A fully non-linear shell theory that incorporates transverse shear strains is developed and used to determine the equilibrium deformation. This model allows for consideration of large, possibly intentional, twist from effects like roller misalignment. The equations of steady motion are reduced by assuming that the twisted web deforms into a right helicoid. The resulting non-linear, ordinary, differential equations are solved both numerically and analytically. The longitudinal, membrane stress increases with the twist. However, in a web with free lateral edges, the lateral, membrane stress is compressive for any twist of its ends. The translation speed acts, by way of centrifugal tensioning, to increase the lateral, membrane stress. Example results highlight the steady response of translating webs with twisted ends.
Frustration and preference change in international migration.

This article seeks an answer to the question: given the immense economic incentive to migrate from a poor country to a rich country why in many cases do so few migrate and why in some cases do so many migrate? The logic of relative frustration is applied to the analysis of migration in order to challenge the view that limited immigration serves a beneficial safety-valve function. The point is illustrated using data from sending villages in Mexico. The author examines the concept of relative deprivation in the context of international migration and discusses the concept of adaptive preferences and models of the interaction between desire and opportunity. The author concludes that "migration does not occur in the absence of initial opportunity but that once begun the migration process itself increases both the opportunity and the desire to migrate." (EXCERPT)
Phonon scattering and thermal resistance due to grain boundaries

The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline dielectric solids is reduced because the phonon mean free path is limited by the size of crystallites or grains. This reduces the contribution to the conductivity of low-frequency modes. Quantitative expressions for this reduction have been obtained in terms of a mean free pathL, of the order of the average grain diameter. but there has been no good understanding of what influences the back-scattering probability at the grain boundary, which enters as a factor in 1/L. It is proposed here that there are two contributions to the backscattering. One, which is independent of frequency, depends for large-angle boundaries on the mean square variation of the phonon velocityr, as a function of direction, about its average value. Low-angle boundaries scatter as the square of the tilt angle. This contribution is small. The second contribution is due to a layer of disorder between grains. This varies as the square of the frequency at low frequencies and saturates at a value of one-half at higher frequencies, The theory is compared to measurements of the thermal conductivity at low temperatures of chemically vapor deposited diamond films.
Analysis of the n-wire exponential line

A new approach to distributed network analysis is presented with the analysis of the n-wire exponential line as example. This approach provides the distributed network's transfer matrix in a form useful for both transient and steady-state network calculations.
A two-stage approach to semilinear in-slide models

The semilinear in-slide models (SLIMs) have been shown to be effective methods for normalizing microarray data [J. Fan, P. Tam, G. Vande Woude, Y. Ren, Normalization and analysis of cDNA micro-arrays using within-array replications applied to neuroblastoma cell response to a cytokine, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (2004) 1135-1140]. Using a backfitting method, [J. Fan, H. Peng, T. Huang, Semilinear high-dimensional model for normalization of microarray data: a theoretical analysis and partial consistency, Journal of American Statistical Association, 471, (2005) 781-798] proposed a profile least squares (PLS) estimation for the parametric and nonparametric components. The general asymptotic properties for their estimator is not developed. In this paper, we consider a new approach, two-stage estimation, which enables us to establish the asymptotic normalities for both of the parametric and nonparametric component estimators. We further propose a plug-in bandwidth selector using the asymptotic normality of the nonparametric component estimator. The proposed method allow for the modeling of the aggregated SLIMs case where we can explicitly show that taking the aggregated information into account can improve both of the parametric and nonparametric component estimator by the proposed two-stage approach. Some simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed procedures.
High performance submicron inversion-type enhancement-mode InGaAs MOSFETs with ALD Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 and HfAlO as gate dielectrics

High-performance inversion-type enhancement-mode n-channel In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFETs with atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3, HfO2, and HfAlO as gate dielectrics are demonstrated. The ALD process on III-V compound semiconductors enables the formation of high-quality gate oxides and unpinning of Fermi level on III-V in general. A 0.5-mum gate-length MOSFET with an Al2O3 gate oxide thickness of 8 nm shows a maximum drain current of 430 mA/mm and a transconductance of 160 mA/mm at drain voltage of 2 V. The transconductance is improved to 180 mA/mm by implementing HfO2 or HfAlO as gate dielectrics with the same oxide thickness. The peak effective mobility is -1200 cm2/Vs from dc measurement, ~ 4000 cm2/Vs after interface trap correction for HfO2/In0.53Ga0.47As NMOSFETs.
Thapsigargin enhances carotid body chemosensory discharge in response to hypoxia in zero [Ca2+]e: evidence for intracellular Ca2+ release

To test the hypothesis that Ca2+ is released from intracellular store in the carotid body glomus cells during hypoxia, we stimultaneously measured chemosensory discharge and tissue PO2 of perfused-superfused cat carotid body before and during flow interruption in the presence and absence of extracellular [Ca2+] with and without thapsigargin (1-10 microM). Ca(2+)-free solution increased the latency of sensory response, and decreased the rate of rise and peak activity but thapsigargin significantly influenced these responses, without affecting oxygen consumption. Since thapsigargin depletes the intracellular Ca2+ store, and since Ca2+ is needed for the sensory discharge, these results suggest that intracellular release and influx of Ca2+ occur during hypoxia.
Limit analysis with multiple load parameters

Abstract Upper and lower bound theorems are established for the yield-point interaction curve of a structure with more than one independently prescribed load parameter. The problem of finding the safety factor on the surface loading for a structure subject to a fixed body force is considered as a special case. The theory is illustrated with applications to beams and circular plates.
Investigation of the exactness of Reynolds similarity

Abstract A comparison of the mean and axial turbulent intensity profiles in the flow of air and of water in a round pipe at the same Reynolds number of 50,000 was carried out. Results show the mean velocity profiles to be similar within the experimental accuracy of ±1·4 per cent. However, the axial intensity profiles, while similar up to a dimensionless radius of 0·6, diverged thereafter to a separation of about 15 per cent. These results bring into question the principle of Reynolds similarity with regard to turbulent velocity fluctuations.
Imaging and the new biology: What's wrong with this picture?

The Human Genome has been defined, giving us one part of the equation that stems from the central dogma of molecular biology. Despite this awesome scientific achievement, the correspondence between genomics and imaging is weak, since we cannot predict an organism's phenotype from even perfect knowledge of its genetic complement. Biological knowledge comes in several forms, and the genome is perhaps the best known and most completely understood type. Imaging creates another form of biological information, providing the ability to study morphology, growth and development, metabolic processes, and diseases in vitro and in vivo at many levels of scale. The principal challenge in biomedical imaging for the future lies in the need to reconcile the data provided by one or multiple modalities with other forms of biological knowledge, most importantly the genome, proteome, physiome, and other "-ome's." To date, the imaging science community has not set a high priority on the unification of their results with genomics, proteomics, and physiological functions in most published work. Images are relatively isolated from other forms of biological data, impairing our ability to conceive and address many fundamental questions in research and clinical practice. This presentation will explain the challenge of biological knowledge integration in basic research and clinical applications from the standpoint of imaging and image processing. The impediments to progress, isolation of the imaging community, and mainstream of new and future biological science will be identified, so the critical and immediate need for change can be highlighted.
Design and evaluation of digital control system for power converters at Advanced Photon Source

The DC-DC converters at the Advanced Photo Source at Argonne National Laboratory are over 15 years old. An upgrade to digital control system is being evaluated to resolve the aging and obsolescence issues. These converters supply power to electromagnets that are used to guide high energy beams. Thus a highly accurate control system is required for the DC-DC converters. This paper describes the design and evaluation of a digital control system to regulate the output current. The digital control system is proposed to replace the current analog control system thereby resolving the aging and obsolescence issues. A digital controller is first designed based on the small signal model of the converter. Experimental data of the output current is analyzed. The complete control system is then simulated and results are evaluated.
Experimental assessment of an innovation knowledge system for decision support

Purpose – Today, a second generation of computer‐based innovation tools employs knowledge systems technology to automate and support key intellectual activities required for effective process design. But a central question remains as to the effectiveness of innovation through such knowledge systems. The research described in this paper is focused on testing the effectiveness of knowledge‐based process‐innovation systems.Design/methodology/approach – One such system called “KOPeR‐lite” is employed as a platform for experimentation to assess the relative efficacy of process designs generated by people using this tool versus that of designs developed by people without it.Findings – Performing in a decision‐support role, KOPeR‐lite helps people to perform comparatively well in certain respects, but human subjects without this tool outperform their KOPeR‐lite‐supported counterparts in others.Originality/value – The results provide evidence to support some claims of innovation efficacy through knowledge systems...
Musculoskeletal abnormalities of the forearm in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis relate mainly to bone geometry

Objective Alterations of the skeletal system, including reduced bone mineral density, increased frequency of fractures, and changes in markers of bone metabolism, have been described in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but measurement of volumetric bone density and bone geometry is not possible with the techniques used in most studies. This study was undertaken to obtain a more detailed understanding of the musculoskeletal system in JIA by analyzing bone density, bone geometry, and muscle force as the most important factor in bone development. Methods The technique of peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used in a cross-sectional study of 57 children with the oligoarticular, polyarticular, or systemic form of JIA. Density of trabecular and cortical bone as well as geometric parameters of bone and muscle were measured at the forearm. Results Children in all subgroups had significantly reduced muscle cross-sectional area, which was strongly correlated with muscle force and abnormalities in geometric parameters of bone, including a significant reduction in cortical thickness. Trabecular density was affected only in the polyarticular JIA group, and cortical density was normal in all subgroups. Conclusion Our results suggest that an important problem in JIA is the lack of muscle mass and force, together with abnormal bone geometry. The thinned bony cortices might predispose to fractures even though cortical bone density itself is normal. These results might have implications with regard to therapeutic approaches to preserve musculoskeletal integrity in JIA.
Ultrastructural Study of Schizogony in Eimeria callospermophili

SYNOPSIS The development of 1st generation schizonts of Eimeria callospermophili was studied with cell cultures and with experimentally infected host animals, Spermophilus armatus. Sporozoite-shaped schizonts each had 5-10 nuclei and all of the organelles of the sporozoite; each nucleus had a nucleolus and an associated Golgi apparatus. In stages immediately preceding merozoite formation, an intranuclear spindle apparatus with conical polar areas were observed near the outer margin of each nucleus. Two centrioles, each having 9 single peripheral tubules and one central tubule, were observed near each pole in some specimens. Merozoite formation began internally, with anlagen of 2 merozoites developing near each nucleus. The inner membrane of the merozoites first appeared as 2 dense thickenings adjacent to the polar cones and centrioles; subpellicular microtubules appeared simultaneously. Two anterior annuli and the conoid formed between the 2 thickenings. Vesicles, possibly of Golgi origin, were located next to the forming inner membrane. As the forming merozoites underwent elongation, a rhoptries anlage, a Golgi apparatus, refractile bodies, and mitochondria were incorporated into each. Sporozoite-shaped schizonts with merozoite anlagen transformed into spheroid or ovoid schizonts; at this time the conoid, rhoptries, micronemes, and the inner membrane of the pellicle gradually disappeared; several small refractile bodies were formed from the larger one. When development was about 1/3 complete, the immature merozoites began to grow outward from the surface of the schizont. In this phase of development, the single surface membrane of the schizont became the outer membrane of the merozoite's pellicle, and additional organelles, including the nucleus, were incorporated. Finally, the merozoites became pinched off, leaving a residual body. Development in cell cultures and host tissues was similar. This type of schizogony, previously undescribed in Eimeria, is compared with corresponding stages of development in other species of Eimeria and Sporozoa.
The Impact of Internal Migration on Married Couples' Earnings in Britain

Previous studies have often suggested that wives experience a decline in labour market fortunes after an internal migration of a married couple. This evidence is consistent with wives being ‘tied movers’ on average. I use the British Household Panel Survey to consider the extent to which wives' annual earnings change systematically in the year following an internal migration event for married couples within Britain. The earnings of working husbands appear to be little impacted by migration. Wives' earnings do fall, though this affect is short-lived and concentrated in a decline in the weeks of work for the wife.
Kinetic studies of membrane (Na+-K+-Mg2+)-ATPase.

Abstract Kinetic studies on a microsomal (Na+-K+-Mg2+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase EC 3.6.1.3) from rat brain are reported. The results indicate that MgATP is the real substrate of the reaction and ATP is a weak competitive inhibitor. Kinetic studies in which MgATP is varied at several Na+ and K+ concentrations reveal that the order of addition of cations and substrate to the enzyme is random. Product inhibition experiments suggest that the release of products is ordered, with Pi being released before ADP. A double reciprocal plot of 1/v vs 1/s[S] at temperatures ranging from 7–37° produced a linear Arrhenius plot with an energy of activation of 23150 cal/mole. Studies of the effect of pH on the kinetic constants show that two ionizing groups with p K values of 7.1 and 7.6 control the catalysis by (Na+-K+-Mg2+)-ATPase.
The effect of new residential construction on housing prices

Abstract New construction is generally expected to create positive externalities. We use a hedonic model to estimate the premium paid for new houses as well as the influence of new residential construction on the selling prices of existing houses considering the number and relative size of the newly constructed houses in the area. The results indicate even atypically large new houses command a premium. Construction of houses of average size relative to the reference group has little effect on existing house prices except to create some competition for houses that were achieving relatively high prices considering their attributes. Meanwhile, construction of a concentration of larger than average size houses exerts a small positive effect on existing house prices, especially for those houses that are selling for a relatively low price. The effect is the strongest when the new construction is located within one-quarter mile.
Montana earthquakes noted in pennsylvania mine‐water pools

A recent paper by daCosta [1959] reported water-level fluctuations caused by the Montana earthquake of August 18, 1959, and mentioned the fluctuations registered in three mine-water pools of the Northern anthracite field in northeastern Pennsylvania, ten miles north of Wilkes-Barre. This paper will discuss the water-level phenomena of these pools in more detail. Most of the coal mines near Wilkes-Barre are idle, and ground water is forming extensive mine-water pools in the underground mine openings. Some of the pools are interconnected by boreholes, tunnels, and other openings through the barrier pillars between adjacent mines.
Negative radiation in partially ionized gas

A stationary, nonlinear collisional-radiative model for high-temperature atomic oxygen is presented. Populations of negative ions, electrons, positive ions and excited atoms and intensities of spectral, continuum and dielectronic recombination radiation are calculated in a wide range of conditions. Calculated total continuum emission is in good agreement with existing measurements. The contribution of the negative ion emission to the total continuum emission is found to be significant.
A Queueing Model Based Intelligent Human–Machine Task Allocator

Automatic machines are increasingly being used to help drivers automatically complete tasks; however, the high error rate of automatic machines limits how they might reduce driver task load. Therefore, allocating tasks between human and machine becomes an important question in system design. Existing methods of task allocation do not consider several natural characteristics of human-machine systems simultaneously, including speed-error tradeoff, cognitive modeling of workload, multicriteria decision modeling, dynamic allocation, and global optimum. In this paper, a queueing model-based intelligent task allocator (QM-ITA) that covers the criteria above and optimally allocates tasks between a human operator and an automatic machine is developed. The optimal task allocation algorithm is described in four scenarios that demonstrate how QM-ITA is able to minimize the workload of human operator, minimize system error rate, propose a maximum acceptable error rate of an automatic machine, determine if an automatic machine is necessary for a system, and suggest a maximum acceptable task arrival rate. Further development of the model and the prospects for future research are also discussed.
Efficient sampling of protein sequence space for multiple mutants

We describe here a method capable of generating a very large population of multiple mutants, the size of which is primarily limited by volume constraints. This method, referred to as recombination-enhanced mutagenesis, combines the power of in vitro mutagenesis with the high frequencies of in vivo recombination that can be achieved using single-stranded transduction systems. The recombination frequency between two mutations separated by as little as 19 amino acids is 0.02; this frequency approaches a value of 0.1 for mutations separated by more than 38 amino acids. Up to 10(8) independent recombinants were generated in 1 ml of an E. coli culture, and this number scales linearly (or better) with increasing volume. To prove the method's effectiveness, we applied it to the problem of reverting multiple mutants of mouse dihydrofolate reductase, which could not be reverted using mutagenesis alone. Thus, given an appropriate screen or selection scheme, recombination-enhanced mutagenesis is well-suited for addressing a range of combinatorially complex problems, such as antigen recognition, enzyme catalysis, protein folding, and transport/transduction across biomembranes.
AFM observations of slip band development in Al single crystals

Abstract In situ atomic force microscopy is used to observe the structure and evolution of slip bands on the surface of plastically deformed aluminum single crystals. Both the structure and evolution of the slip bands are observed to be a function of the tensile axis. Near the [0 0 1] tensile axis, slip bands are observed to grow to a height of approximately 250 nm over 2% plastic strain and then cease operation. Toward the stable [1 1 2] orientation, slip bands are observed to evolve continuously. Near the [1 1 1] tensile axis, wavy slip bands in which multiple systems are active in the same crystal region are observed. Other behavior, such as the operation of unpredicted slip systems, is also discussed.
Parallelisation study of a three-dimensional environmental flow model

There are many simulation codes in the geosciences that are serial and cannot take advantage of the parallel computational resources commonly available today. One model important for our work in coastal ocean current modelling is EFDC, a Fortran 77 code configured for optimal deployment on vector computers. In order to take advantage of our cache-based, blade computing system we restructured EFDC from serial to parallel, thereby allowing us to run existing models more quickly, and to simulate larger and more detailed models that were previously impractical. Since the source code for EFDC is extensive and involves detailed computation, it is important to do such a port in a manner that limits changes to the files, while achieving the desired speedup. We describe a parallelisation strategy involving surgical changes to the source files to minimise error-prone alteration of the underlying computations, while allowing load-balanced domain decomposition for efficient execution on a commodity cluster. The use of conjugate gradient posed particular challenges due to implicit non-local communication posing a hindrance to standard domain partitioning schemes; a number of techniques are discussed to address this in a feasible, computationally efficient manner. The parallel implementation demonstrates good scalability in combination with a novel domain partitioning scheme that specifically handles mixed water/land regions commonly found in coastal simulations. The approach presented here represents a practical methodology to rejuvenate legacy code on a commodity blade cluster with reasonable effort; our solution has direct application to other similar codes in the geosciences.
Focus Groups Help To Focus the Marketing Strategy.

ABSTRACT A marketing director in a higher education academic center in the D.C. area initiated a market study. The study's purposes were to (1) develop a better understanding of how the academic program benefits the center's target student population, and (2) incorporate this knowledge in the development of marketing plans to increase enrollment. The focus group methodology was used in the study. Three focus group sessions were conducted in the center in April, 1993. The study's methodology results and conclusions are discussed.
Semi-terrestrial Shrimp ( Merguia rhizophorae )

IT is widely believed that there are no semi-terrestrial or terrestrial species of shrimps and prawns (order Decapoda: suborder Natantia)1, but I now report that the shrimp, Merguia rhizophorae (Rathbun, 1900) (family Hippolytidae), is semi-terrestrial. It seems to have evolved behavioural adaptations which have allowed invasion of the terrestrial environment.
Biopsychosocial discriminators of alcoholic and nonalcoholic women.

Sixty alcoholic and 60 nonalcoholic women were compared on six variables chosen to represent the biological, psychological, and sociocultural approaches to alcoholism research. Significant differences were found between the two groups on all variables. Compared to the nonalcoholic women, the alcoholic women had more alcoholic relatives, had been treated for more health problems, were more depressed, had lower levels of self-esteem, were more deeply invested in meeting stereotypical feminine sex-role expectations, and perceived themselves as less successful in meeting the expectations of significant others. Scores on four variables—depression, number of alcoholic relatives, treatment for health problems, and meeting others' expectations—made linear contributions to discriminating the groups. These results suggest that alcoholism in women is a multifactorial problem and that theory-guided research may be more useful in elucidating the etiology of female alcoholism than unidimensional and/or atheoretical approaches. Clinical implications of the results are also discussed.
Deficient emotional self-regulation and pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family risk analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little research investigates this association and little is known about its etiology. Family studies provide a method of clarifying the co-occurrence of clinical features, but no family studies have yet addressed ADHD and DESR in children.MethodSubjects were 242 children with ADHD and 224 children without ADHD. DESR was operationalized using an aggregate score ⩾180 and Language: en
Radiation complications and tumor control after 125I plaque brachytherapy for ocular melanoma.

Purpose: To determine the outcome of 125I plaque brachytherapy at our institution and identify the risk factors associated with the development of radiation complications, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Patients and Methods: From 1986 to 2000, 156 patients underwent 125I episcleral plaque (COMS design) application for the treatment of ocular melanoma. Chart analysis of follow-up ophthalmologic appointments assessed the incidence of ocular side effects after therapy. Statistical analysis assessed outcomes and significant influencing factors. Results: With a median follow-up of 6.2 years, the 5-year overall survival was 83%. The 5-year disease-specific survival was 91%. Initial local control at 5 years was 92%, with 100% ultimate local control after secondary therapy that included 9 enucleations. The risk of metastasis was 10% at 5 years and 27% at 10 years. Vision stayed the same or improved in 25% of patients, and 44% of patients maintained visual acuity better than 20/200. Thirteen percent of patients experienced chronic pain or discomfort in the treated eye. Dose rates to the tumor apex greater than 90 to 100 cGy/h were associated with increased systemic control but worse radiation toxicity. Conclusion: Patients in our series experienced excellent local tumor control. Higher dose rates to the tumor apex were associated with reduced rates of distant metastases but worse ocular function.
Electrostatic interactions of S4 voltage sensor in Shaker K+ channel.

Abstract The S4 segment comprises part of the voltage sensor in Shaker K + channels. We have used a strategy similar to intragenic suppression, but without a genetic selection, to identify electrostatic interactions of the S4 segment that may be important in the mechanism of voltage-dependent activation. The S4 neutralization mutations K374Q and R3770 block maturation of the protein, suggesting that they prevent proper folding. K374Q is specifically and efficiently rescued by the second site mutations E2930 and D316N, located in putative transmembrane segments S2 and S3, respectively. These results suggest that K374, E293, and D316 form a network of strong, local, electrostatic interactions that stabilize the structure of the channel. Some other double mutant combinations result in inefficient suppression, identifying weak, presumably longrange electrostatic interactions. A simple structural hypothesis is proposed to account forthe effects of the rescued double mutant combinations on the relative stabilities of open and closed channel conformations.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ADVENTITIOUS ORGAN FORMATION IN LACTUCA SATIVA EXPLANTS

Both kinetin and adenine promote bud initiation in excised cotyledoins of Lactuca sativa. Controls lacking these substances form abundant roots but have never formed buds. Indoleacetic acid and certain mineral salts are also necessary for regeneration of shoots. Although bud growth from cotyledons is extensive on a medium containing both indoleacetic acid and kinetin, excised roots display a low propensity toward bud formation and typically develop callus tissue with roots. Growth of hypocotyl sections is intermediate with respect to bud formation. Shoot initiation in lettuce thus varies with the region of the seedling as well as with the culture medium. BOTH KINETIN (6-furfurylaminopurine) and adenine (6-aminopurine) promote formation of adventitious buds in several plant species. All such species, however, produce some buds even without added kinetin or adenine (see review, Dore, 1965). The question is open, therefore, as to whether these compounds directly cause cells to become committed to bud formation or simply accentuate the expression of a commitment determined by other factors. Our studies of bud formation in Lactuca sativa bear on this question. LaRue (1933, 1936) failed to obtain any shoot formation from leaves of L. sattiva and L. canadensis. We obtain such formatioin only when adenine or kinetin is present.
Feedback control of nonlinear multiplicative systems using neural networks: an application to electrically stimulated muscle

The authors consider the control of a class of nonlinear systems using feedback linearization methods, in which the control maps are learned using an artificial neural net. The class of systems investigated involves the multiplication of separate subsystems. The motivation for considering the real-time control of such systems is the fact that they represent the input-output properties of electrically stimulated muscle. Such systems must be controlled as part of neural prostheses that are designed to restore function to individuals who are paralyzed. >