cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perpetuation of muscle fibers after removal of stretch in the Japanese quail.

Stretch-overload has been shown to increase muscle mass in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) of the adult quail by increasing both fiber size and number, but it is not known whether the new muscl...
Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection in hairy leukoplakia by using nucleic acid hybridization and noninvasive techniques.

The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the epithelial cells of oral hairy leukoplakia is the confirming criterion in the diagnosis of this lesion, which occurs mainly in persons infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Because hairy leukoplakia often presages the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, it is important that suspicious lesions be accurately diagnosed. Commonly, biopsy tissue is removed for detection of EBV DNA by in situ hybridization, but biopsy is contraindicated in some patients. This study evaluated filter and cytospin in situ hybridization, two noninvasive techniques that examine epithelial cells swabbed from the surfaces of the lesions, for their sensitivity in detecting EBV DNA. As compared with tissue in situ hybridization, the filter and cytospin techniques had sensitivities of 100 and 92%, respectively. We conclude that these two noninvasive techniques can provide the clinician with an accurate alternative to biopsy whenever this human immunodeficiency virus-associated lesion is suspected. Images
dFault: fault localization in large-scale peer-to-peer systems

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) have been adopted as a building block for large-scale distributed systems. The upshot of this success is that their robust operation is even more important as mission-critical applications begin to be layered on them. Even though DHTs can detect and heal around unresponsive hosts and disconnected links, several hidden faults and performance bottlenecks go undetected, resulting in unanswered queries and delayed responses. In this paper, we propose dFault, a system that helps large-scale DHTs to localize such faults. Informed with a log of failed queries called symptoms and some available information about the hosts in the DHT, dFault identifies the potential root causes (hosts and overlay links) that with high likelihood contributed towards those symptoms. Its design is based on the recently proposed dependency graph modeling and inference approach for fault localization. We describe the design of dFault, and show that it can accurately localize the root causes of faults with modest amount of information collected from individual nodes using a real prototype deployed over PlanetLab.
Safing and fault protection for the MESSENGER mission to Mercury

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission is a NASA Discovery-class, deep-space mission to orbit the planet Mercury. Its purpose is to map the planet surface using various scientific instruments and explore the interior of the planet using measurements from instruments such as a magnetometer and observation of planetary libration. This paper discusses the architecture and implementation of the methods by which faults in the MESSENGER spacecraft are detected and the effects of those faults mitigated. The responsibility of the redundant Fault Protection Processors (FPPs) is to detect faults and take autonomous corrective actions that will keep the spacecraft healthy and safe.
Designing Agreement Features for Realization Ranking

This paper shows that incorporating linguistically motivated features to ensure correct animacy and number agreement in an averaged perceptron ranking model for CCG realization helps improve a state-of-the-art baseline even further. Traditionally, these features have been modelled using hard constraints in the grammar. However, given the graded nature of grammaticality judgements in the case of animacy we argue a case for the use of a statistical model to rank competing preferences. Though subject-verb agreement is generally viewed to be syntactic in nature, a perusal of relevant examples discussed in the theoretical linguistics literature (Kathol, 1999; Pollard and Sag, 1994) points toward the heterogeneous nature of English agreement. Compared to writing grammar rules, our method is more robust and allows incorporating information from diverse sources in realization. We also show that the perceptron model can reduce balanced punctuation errors that would otherwise require a post-filter. The full model yields significant improvements in BLEU scores on Section 23 of the CCGbank and makes many fewer agreement errors.
Inhibition of Vitamin K2 and Carotenoid Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus by Diphenylamine

Diphenylamine at concentrations which did not effect the growth rate inhibited the synthesis of vitamin K2 in both anaerobic and aerobic cultures by about 50%. At this concentration, diphenylamine inhibited the synthesis of the cyclic carotenoids δ-carotene and the rubixanthins 25 to 35% anaerobically and 60 to 90% aerobically. The inhibition of synthesis of cyclic carotenoids and vitamin K2 by diphenylamine had no detectable effect on the formation of the membrane-bound electron transport system.
Parallels Between Nutrition and Physical Activity: Research Questions in Development of Peak Bone Mass

Lifestyle choices are attributed to 40% to 60% of adult peak bone mass. The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) sought to update its 2000 consensus statement on peak bone mass and partnered with the American Society for Nutrition, which, in turn, charged a 9-member writing committee with using a systematic review approach to update the previous NOF guidelines. PubMed searches of the scientific literature from January 2000 through December 2014 were conducted on all relevant lifestyle choice factors and their relation to increasing bone mass during childhood and adolescence. The writing group concluded that there is strong evidence for the benefits of physical activity and calcium intake on bone mass accretion, moderately strong evidence for the benefits of vitamin D and dairy intake on bone mass and for physical activity on bone structure, and weaker evidence for other lifestyle choices. There were parallels and synergies between the benefits of diet and exercise on development of peak bone mass, but the type of evidence and public policy recommendations in the two disciplines differ in several important ways. Nutrition uses a more reductionist approach in contrast to physical activity, which uses a more global approach. This leads to differences in research priorities in the 2 disciplines. The disciplines can advance more quickly through collaboration and adoption of the best approaches from each other.
RANS and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for Prediction of Separated Flow Characteristics for Flow Over a Wall-Mounted Hump

One of the critical challenges in fluid flow research is to understand and predict separated flows. Separated flows are usually unsteady and turbulent. This work focuses on the calculations for the flow over a wall-mounted hump, an example of a turbulent separated flow. To validate the results of numerical simulation, the experimental data chosen was case 3 of the 2004 CFD Validation on Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control Workshop (http://cfdval2004.larc.nasa.gov/case3.html) conducted by NASA. This particular hump is the upper surface of a Glauert-Goldschmied type airfoil and has a chord length of C = 0.42 m, a maximum height of 0.0537 m, and a span of 0.5842 m. For this configuration, as the flow approaches the hump, the boundary layer experiences an adverse pressure gradient. Over the front convex portion of the hump, the flow experiences a favorable pressure gradient and accelerates, and then it separates over a relatively short concave section in the presence of a strong adverse pressure gradient. The hump has a simple geometry, but, nevertheless, is rich in many complex flow phenomena such as shear layer, separation, reattachment, and vortex interactions. Advances made in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have made available wide variety of turbulence models. A variety of turbulence model and simulation approaches are being used for this work. The flow is simulated using steady and unsteady-state three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations based turbulence models and three-dimensional time-dependent Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) methods. Case 3 of the CFD Validation workshop was done for both the baseline case as well as with flow control. In this work, the baseline case with Reynolds number of 371,600 based on the hump chord length, C, and Mach number, M, of 0.04 is simulated and analyzed. The experimental data reported by Greenblatt et. al. is used to validate the results for this work. K-ω, the Spalart-Allmaras and the SST turbulence models are implemented for the RANS simulation. Mean-velocity profiles and turbulent kinetic energy profiles, is reported and analyzed at several streamwise (x/C) locations, where C is the chord length of the hump. Detailed comparisons have been made of mean and turbulence statistics such as the pressure coefficient, skin-friction coefficient, and Reynolds stress profiles, with experimental results. The location of the reattachment behind the hump has been compared with experimental results.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Literacy, aliteracy, and lifelong learning

Purpose – This conceptual paper aims to discuss a few concerns in the title categories of literacy, aliteracy, and lifelong learning and illuminates the scholarly concern about a global population increase of people who either are unable to read or are uninterested in reading.Design/methodology/approach – The juxtaposition of discussion about the three title categories and conclusions excerpted from the literature about these categories shows the predicament of the person today who is ill‐prepared in basic literacy. The predicament includes the individual's lack of ability to read, write, or reason; but also their limited capacity for successfully engaging technology or future lifelong learning. A discussion of marginalized populations relates how marginalized groups are unable to participate fully in their societies. Regardless of economic, gender, religious, or other reasons for group marginalization, members of these groups often suffer from illiteracy as well.Findings – It is concluded that librarians...
Some geometric consequences of a game theoretic result

Players I and II play the following game. From a compact Hausdorff space S, player II secretly selects a point x. A number i E {1,2,3,..., p} is secretly chosen by player I. After their selections I receives from II an amount ji(zc) where jr , ji ,..., j, are real continuous functions on S. For such a game the following theorem is classical in game theory [2] (Theorem 2.4.2, page 4%
Diminished inhibition of succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity of resolved reductase complex by thenoyltrifluoroacetone in the presence of antimycin.

Abstract Antimycin, when added to resolved succinate-cytochrome c reductase complex in amounts sufficient to partially inhibit succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity, causes a decrease in inhibition of the residual succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity by 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone. Antimycin has no effect on the inhibition of succinate-ubiquinone reductase activity by 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone. We propose that antimycin increases the steady state concentration of ubisemiquinone in the reductase complex, and that 2-thenoyltrifluoracetone is competitive with ubisemiquinone.
The nasal floor transposition flap for repairing distal nose/columella defects.

background. Reconstruction of defects of the distal nose/colu-mella region present a challenge both esthetically and functionally. objective. To describe the use of nasal floor tissue as an inferiorly based transposition flap for closure of distal nose/columella defects. methods. Mohs micrographic surgery for excision of basal cell carcinoma was performed on the distal nose/columella area of a patient. The resultant defect was closed using an inferiorly based transposition flap elevated from the nasal floor. Other closure options for this region are discussed. conclusion. The nasal floor flap allowed the reconstruction of a properly contoured columella and distal nose.
On monomorphisms in homotopy theory

A MAP h : Y ~ Z is a monomorphism in the category o f based topological spaces and based homotopy classes o f maps if, for any space X and any two maps f , g : X ~ Y, h o f ,,~ h o g imp l i e s f _ g [6; p. 168]. Let O denote the constant map with arbitrary domain and range, and suppose h is a fibre map with fibre X and inclusion e : X ~ Y; then, h o e = O = h o O so that e ~ O is a necessary condit ion in order that h be monomorphic . An interesting class o f fibre maps h fulfilling this necessary condit ion is provided by the H o p f fibrations
Change in the Department of Veterans Affairs: What should be done?

Health care in the Department of Veterans Affairs is undergoing the most dramatic change since the era following World War II. The Congress has supported the Undersecretary for Health in his guidance of this change. Traditional hospital-based, specialty-focused care has given way to outpatient and primary care focused health care. Administrative authority has been shifted to 22 Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs). Research goals are being reoriented, and neurology resident allocation is being reduced. VA neurologists and neurology chairs must organize strong service lines in their own VA facilities and in their networks to provide care for veterans with neurologic diseases. VA neurologists must also emphasize their role in principal care and increase their involvement in outcomes research.
The shapes of open and closed random walks: a 1/d expansion

A new technique for calculating the shapes of random walks is presented. The method is used to derive an exact analytical expression for the asphericity of an unrestricted closed or ring walk embedded in d spatial dimensions. A graphical procedure is developed to systematise a 1/d series expansion for the individual principal radii of gyration and their respective probability distribution functions P(R2i)(1<or=i<or=d). The average principal radii of gyration are calculated to O(1/d2) for both open and closed walks and selected terms in the 1/d expansion are summed to all orders in 1/d in the determination of P(R2i). This leads to an explicit analytical form for P(R2i) for open walks. The distribution of the largest eigenvalue is compared with a distribution obtained from numerical simulations of walks in three dimensions. The agreement between the two is extremely good. Other predictions for various parameters that characterise the average shape of open and closed walks in three dimensions are also found to agree remarkably well with the results of simulations, the error being of the order of 5%.
Instability of bounded gas‐particle fluidized beds

Steady flows of gas and particles in unbounded-fluidized beds have been shown to lose stability to localized voidage disturbances. An insight is provided into the linear stability of bounded gas-particle flows using a kinetic theory approach. The stability analysis is carried out for two illustrative sets corresponding to fluidized systems having walls acting as sinks and sources of fluctuation energy. Instabilities are characterized by computing leading eigenvalue profiles and dominant eigenfunction contour maps. Results show two types of dominant instability patterns (symmetric and antisymmetric) for flow in a vertical duct, both of which propagate through the bed in the form of traveling waves at speeds comparable to that of the solid phase. Moreover, model predictions show that increasing solids fraction and decreasing particle inelasticity will suppress the wavy disturbance. The physical mechanism of instability formation is further investigated using a term-by-term method of analysis. Results show that instability modes can be suppressed if solid phase inertia or inelastic particle collisions are eliminated from the momentum and pseudo-thermal energy balance equations. Finally, the symmetric instabilities were shown to develop into bubble-like structures while the antisymmetric instabilities develop into streamer-like structures. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Vascular depression prevalence and epidemiology in the United States

Abstract Objective To examine and describe vascular depression epidemiology in the United States. Methods Cross-sectional data from a national probability sample of household resident adults (18-years and older; N = 16,423) living in the 48 coterminous United States were analyzed to calculate prevalence estimates of vascular depression, associated disability and treatment rates. In this study, vascular depression was defined as the presence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and CVD major risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and obesity) among adults 50-years and older who also met 12-month DSM-IV major depression criteria. Results We estimated that about 3.4% or approximately 2.64 million American adults 50-years and older met our criteria for vascular depression. Among adults who met criteria for lifetime major depression, over one-in-five (22.1%) were considered to have the vascular depression subtype. Secondly, vascular depression was associated with significantly increased functional impairment relative to the non-depressed population and adults meeting criteria for major depression alone. Although depression care use was significantly higher among vascular depression respondents relative to those with major depression alone, practice guideline concordant therapy use was not. Conclusions Vascular depression appears to be an important public health problem that affects a large portion of the U.S. adult population with major depression, and that it is associated with excess functional impairment without concomitant better depression care.
Input/output control of asynchronous sequential machines with races

The design of output feedback controllers that eliminate uncertainties caused by critical races in asynchronous sequential machines is considered. The objective is to build controllers that drive a race-afflicted machine so as to match a prescribed deterministic model. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such controllers are presented in terms of a numerical matrix derived from the given machine. When controllers exist, an algorithm for their construction is also provided. The discussion depends on the novel notion of ‘generalised state’, which helps represent the uncertainty created by critical races and facilitates the construction of controllers.
PREREQUISITES FOR TUBOPLASTY

Techniques in measuring tubal patency and interpretation of findings can be misleading. Laparoscopic study of infertile women with suspected, diseased fallopian tubes is always prerequisite to tuboplasty. Observations must be accompanied by intrauterine injection of adequate amounts of dye and gentle tubal manipulations. Determined efforts should be made to eliminate reconstructive operations on nonsalvageable tubes because successful term pregnancies following tuboplasties are related more to the extent of tubal damage than to operative technique or postoperative management.
Expanding the phenotype of multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia

Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia is characterized by vascular skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract lesions, thrombocytopenia, and GI bleeding. The first patient had scattered red macules and subcutaneous nodules on the skin with involvement of the lungs, liver, omentum, and right kidney. At 10 months of age he continues to have severe GI bleeding. The second patient had innumerable vascular plaques on the skin plus muscle, bone, lung, liver, and brain involvement. She died from respiratory failure at 8 months of age due to brainstem involvement. Both patients required aggressive management of GI bleeding, but had quite different skin findings and long-term outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:531–534. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improved fluorescence peak integration in the Tekran 2537 for applications with sub-optimal sample loadings

Abstract The Tekran 2537 is widely used for monitoring atmospheric mercury. Although the instrument was designed for sample volumes in excess of 7.5 L, some recent research applications (e.g. aircraft) have used the instrument with significantly smaller collection times and sample volumes – and therefore smaller Hg loadings per cycle – than for which the instrument was designed. We have noticed a potential for non-linear (low) response in the fluorescence peak integration scheme, and thus the reported concentrations when the Hg loading (per cycle) is less than about 10–15 pg, e.g. at around 1 pg loading, the sensitivity is 25% lower than at 10 pg. We determined that although the atomic fluorescence detector was fundamentally linear down to at least 1 pg, the default peak integration scheme appeared to be optimized for > 10–15 pg cycle −1 and so could introduce non-linearity in smaller peaks (i.e. lower mass loadings). For research applications where achieving maximum accuracy and precision of individual, high-time resolution (
A production estimate approach to analyze habitat and weather effects on recruitment of two endangered freshwater fish

Factors affecting the early life survival of fishes are often difficult to demonstrate because variable immigration and mortality rates coupled with noncontinuous sampling may confound estimates of...
Faculty Use and Impressions of Courseware Management Tools: A National Survey

Technology in the classroom is changing the way faculties instruct and students learn. Understanding how faculty members perceive and use technology for learning is important for improving the educational process because instructor perceptions can potentially be a hindrance to the use and implementation of technology. This paper describes the results of a survey that investigated faculty Internet usage for instructional purposes as well as their perceptions of courseware management and Web-publishing tools. The survey targeted a random sample of engineering faculty at ABET-accredited universities. The survey results show that while many faculty members are using both Web-publishing tools and courseware management tools for delivering educational content, they use these tools for only a small subset of pedagogical activities.
The best lack all conviction: biomedical ethics, professionalism, and social responsibility.

Robert Coles' sentiment characterizes well the moral tenor of medical education today. Indeed, medical educators are frequently “seized by spasms of genuine moral awareness,” as they try to cope with the massive social and economic problems that face medical schools and teaching hospitals. The perception among educators that we currently fail to adequately teach several core aspects of doctoring, including professional values and behavior, constitutes one such spasm. In this case, the proposed remedy has generated considerable enthusiasm, but whether the “core competencies” curriculum will make a difference, or simply “accommodate to the prevailing rhythms of the world we inhabit,” remains to be seen.
Does pre-hospital ventilation effect outcome after significant brain injury?:

Traumatic brain injury has a devastating impact on society, utilizing many resources and disproportionately affecting the young. Recent evidence demonstrates the early care of the brain injured patient impacts patient outcomes. While prevention of systolic hypotension and hypoxia are mainstays of prehospital management of the injured patient ventilatory management performed in the prehospital environment has recently been shown to impact outcomes. Hypocapnea from hyperventilation has been shown in several trials to cause deleterious effects from cerebral vasoconstriction and ischemia. The importance of balancing the prevention of both hypocapnea and hypercapnea has led to the idea of a target ventilation range for arterial carbon dioxide tension, the ideal way to achieve this balance in the prehospital setting remains elusive. This article reviews the background, physiologic effects, impact on outcomes, and implications for prehospital care of prehospital ventilation.
Propellant Thermal Management Effect on Neutral Residence Time in Low-Voltage Hall Thrusters

The effects of anode temperature on the performance of a 4.5 kW Hall-effect thruster are investigated. The approach separates the location of gas injection from discharge current collection using an anode band, which removes the main mechanism that heats the gas distributor. A thermal model predicts a 270 K reduction of the gas distributor temperature, which corresponds to a 28% increase in the propellant residence time. Collection of the discharge current on the anode band, which is upstream of the bulk Hall current region, generates a 10% increase in ion current density at the thruster centerline for discharge voltages of 100, 125, and 150 V at a xenon mass flow rate of 5 mg/s. The initial reduction in neutral velocity with the anode band is counteracted by the influence of the channel wall temperature, which increases the neutral velocity of the particles by up to 25% greater than the velocity at the gas distributor exit plane. This reduces the potential thruster efficiency improvement from 5.5 to 2.5...
Uranium isotope dilution mass spectrometry using NBL certified reference materials as spikes

The isotope dilution mass spectrometry method of analysis is used to determine the elemental uranium contents in a wide variety of uranium bearing materials. The method is based on the mass spectrometric analysis of a mixture prepared by diluting the sample to be analyzed with a spike of distinctly different isotopic composition to that of the sample. In this work, a beginning is made to identify suitable candidates among the multitude of certified reference materials (CRMs) available at the New Brunswick Laboratory to supplant the use of 233U which remains now as the preferred spike nuclide. The results of the study presented here identify CRM 112-A (of normal isotopic composition) and CRM 115 (depleted uranium composition) as suitable candidates to replace 233U as spike material for determining uranium in high enriched uranium materials, and CRM 116 (235U mass fraction of >90 %) for determining uranium in materials of low enrichment.
The lower symmetric regime and its transition to waves in rotating annulus convection

Measurements of the temperature and zonal velocity fields which develop in a rotating annulus of fluid with an upper surface, differentially heated from the inner to outer cylinder, are described for the lower symmetric regime (small radial temperature differences). The temperature field is essentially conductive for moderate to large rotation rates, Ω (>1.0 sec−1). The zonal velocity field is poorly approximated by the thermal wind equation. Measurements of the transition to waves from the lower symmetric regime at very large rotation rates are presented for positive and negative radial temperature differences. They suggest that the centrifugal buoyancy force and the free surface curvature may be important factors for the lower symmetric-wave transition at large Ω. By varying the stratification of the fluid over a range of 103 independently of the radial temperature difference, ΔrwT, it is conclusively shown that several theories are correct in predicting that the lower symmetric transition is independent of the stratification at small ΔrwT > 0 for large enough Ω.
Investigating Friendship Quality: An Exploration of Self-Control and Social Control Theories' Friendship Hypotheses

While associations with deviant peers are well understood to impact individual development, less is understood about the relationship between friendship quality and delinquency. Two criminological theories—social control theory and self-control theory—are able to offer an explanation for the latter relationship. Social control and self-control theories both premise that delinquents will have largely fractured, weak, and “cold and brittle” friendships. This study investigates how variations in perceptions of friendship quality are related to the delinquency, maternal attachment, school attachment, and self-control levels of both a participant and his/her close friend. To explore these relationships, we use a diverse (14% black; 18% Hispanic; 9% Asian) sample of 2,154 emerging adults within 1,077 friendship pairs (66% female). In each dyad, both members perceived the friendship’s quality and reported personal markers of delinquency, social bonds, and self-control. Several series of multilevel models are estimated that regress each participant’s friendship quality perception onto the participant’s and their friend’s delinquency, attachments, self-control, and demographic characteristics. Results show that delinquents have as intense, or more intense, friendships as non-delinquents. However, low levels of both actor and partner attachments and self-control are independently related to low friendship quality, and this is especially true for self-control. Supplemental analyses demonstrate that the effect of self-control on friendship quality may be reduced when individuals in dyads are delinquent. In conclusion, studies that address friendship quality without including characteristics of multiple members of the friendship are only capturing part of one’s estimate of friendship quality.
Multiple Linear Regression Model Approach for Aerosol Dispersion in Ventilated Spaces Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Dimensional Analysis

Aerosol dispersion in living spaces especially bioaerosols, due to accidents or deliberate acts, is of significant current interest. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides an accurate and detailed platform to study the influence of different parameters on aerosol distribution in indoor spaces. The simulations however are time consuming and site-specific. The work here introduces an approach toward addressing this challenge. During emergencies, an accurate, quicker, and more general model is required to give rapid answers to first responders. Significant parameters influencing aerosol behavior in an office room were identified and through dimensional analysis, nine dimensionless groups were developed. Fractional factorial design was used to build sixteen scenarios to explore the design space. These scenarios were then simulated using a comprehensive CFD model. Large eddy simulation with the Smagorinsky subgrid scale model was applied to compute the airflow. Aerosols were modeled as a dispersed solid p...
Interpreting facial expressions: the influence of social anxiety, emotional valence, and race.

Social anxiety is posited to be linked to interpersonal skills deficits, including accurate interpretation of emotional social cues, such as facial expressions. However, empirical support for an interpersonal skills deficit model of social anxiety is lacking. Studies of information processes indicate that socially anxious individuals may be more accurate at identifying threatening facial expressions in particular. In the present study, undergraduates who self-identified as Caucasian (N = 158) completed a task assessing facial expression accuracy. Relevant parameters such as emotional valence as well as race of the target were assessed. As predicted, socially anxious individuals were overall more accurate at identifying facial expressions. Whereas participants were more accurate overall at identifying Caucasian faces, there were differences in the extent of this discrepancy based on emotional valence. Implications for integration of information processing data and evolutionary models of social anxiety are discussed.
Assessment Criteria and Burst Pressure Prediction for Pipelines With Long Blunt Defects

Corrosion assessment analysis and burst pressure prediction for an aged pipeline with blunt corrosion defects are essential to its integrity. It has been known that the flow stress based corrosion criteria including ASME B31G and PRCI RSTRENG are often conservative to use, but can be non-conservative in practical applications. The ultimate tensile stress based corrosion criteria such as PCORRC and LPC models largely improved the burst pressure prediction for corrosion defects, but the practice still showed certain non-conservatism of these newer models. This paper reviews and evaluates the commonly-used corrosion criteria. In order to improve the existing criteria for predicting burst pressure for long corrosion defects, three new theoretical models with consideration of strain hardening response for the corroded pipe are developed in terms of Tresca yield criterion, von Mises yield criterion, and a new multi-axial yield criterion, i.e., average shear stress yield criterion proposed recently by the present authors. The existing corrosion criteria and the proposed theoretical models are evaluated using experimental burst data for long machined defects and for long real corrosion defects removed from service. It is found that ASME B31G is over-conservative for long defects, but can be non-conservative for deep defects with intermediate lengths. RSTRENG is conservative for short defects. In contrast, PCORRC (or LPC) and the proposed ZL model predict reasonably conservative results for long corrosion defects.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Production of functional myeloid cells from CD34‐selected hematopoietic progenitor cells using a clinically relevant ex vivo expansion system

There is increasing clinical interest focused on ex vivo manipulation and expansion of hematopoietic cells. In this study, we demonstrate that a simple combination of growth factors can expand progenitors to yield functional myeloid cells. Furthermore, this system can produce mature, functionally competent cells in the absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), which will enhance the clinical utility of this approach. Hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from normal bone marrow and from leukapheresis products were studied. The mononuclear fraction was enriched for CD34 cells using the Ceprate CD34 biotin kit (CellPro #LC34-1 or LC34-2). The selected cells were expanded for two weeks in Iscove's medium supplemented with 20% FBS and various combinations of interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) added either simultaneously or sequentially. The optimal combination of these factors identified for myeloid expansion was simultaneous addition of IL-3, SCF and G-CSF (at 50 ng/ml each), resulting in an average 773 ± 133-fold expansion of nucleated cells (n = 5). When corrected for the purity of CD34 cells in the starting population, the mean fold expansion with IL-3, SCF and G-CSF was 2,265 ± 729. A mean of 74.7 ± 10.5% (n = 3) of the expanded cells was positive for CD11b; 86-91% (n = 2) of the cells were promyelocytes or more mature granulocytes. Functional assays demonstrated normal phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by the expanded cell population. Studies performed using cells expanded in defined serum-free media demonstrated that fold expansion was decreased and that the cells produced were less mature and functionally less competent than cells expanded with FBS. The decreased expansion could be partially reversed, and the functionality almost completely restored by the addition of autologous plasma.
Source-Aware Nonuniform Information Transmission for Minimum Distortion

This letter considers average input-output distortion minimization through joint optimization of source index assignment and modulation design. First, we derive the general optimization criterion and discuss simultaneous minimization of bit-error rate (BER) and distortion. Second, we propose a novel source-aware information transmission approach by exploiting the nonuniformity in Gray-coded constellations. The proposed approach makes it possible for simultaneous BER and distortion minimization and outperforms the existing schemes with big margin when channel coding is involved. Third, optimal source-aware constellation design for minimum distortion is proposed by incorporating the source information into constellation design. The power efficiency of the proposed source-aware nonuniform transmission scheme makes it attractive for any digital systems with analog inputs, particularly for systems with tight power constraints such as wireless sensor networks and space communications
The Use of Cottonseed Meal to Increase the Percentage of Fat in Milk

Summary From the work reported here the following deductions are probably justified: 1. The substitution of cottonseed meal for old-process linseed oil meal and bran in the ration of milk cows produces no marked change in the percentage of fat in milk. 2. The replacing of cracked corn with cottonseed meal under similar conditions, and in even limited amounts, tends to cause an increase in the fat content of milk. 3. All cows are not uniform in their reaction towards cottonseed meal. 4. In some cases a limited amount of cottonseed meal introduced suddenly into the ration will cause cows to lose appetite, to be subject to digestive disturbances and to decrease markedly in milk production. The large decrease in milk production will be accompanied by a high butterfat content. 5. Increases in butterfat content due to sudden administration of cottonseed meal take place in a comparatively short time and are not of long duration. 6. The readministration of cottonseed meal, before the cows have had time to recover from the effects produced during the first administration, tends to decrease rather than increase the fat content of the milk. 7. The effects produced by the cottonseed meal are probably due to some stimulating effect of the protein, either on general metabolism or on the activity of the mammary gland, which is not as yet completely understood.
Effect of cooling time on survival in classical heatstroke

Although rapid cooling is considered a cornerstone of the treatment of heatstroke, there are little data to correlate rapid cooling with improved outcome. We performed a retrospective analysis of 31 classical heatstroke patients who were classified as rapid coolers (temperature ≤ 38.9° C within 1 h of emergency department [ED] presentation) or delayed coolers (temperature > 38.9° C 1 h after ED presentation) independent of cooling method. Rapid coolers had a much lower mortality (12% vs 36%); however, this finding was not statistically significant ( p =0.12). These preliminary data suggest that continued investigation is warranted to further define the relationship between cooling time and mortality.
Molar mass estimate of dark matter from the dark mass distribution measurements

We study the distribution of dark matter versus visible matter using a set of data obtained from strong gravitational lensing in the galaxy cluster $\mathrm{CL}0024+1654$ and another set of data inferred from the universal rotation curves in spiral galaxies. The important feature of these two dramatically different observations is that the mass density profile of both visible and dark components can be estimated. From these measurements we deduce the mass of the dark matter particle and our estimate of the mass for the dark matter particle is ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{d}\ensuremath{\approx}200--700\mathrm{MeV}.$ We contrast our estimates from $\mathrm{CL}0024+1654$ data and the universal rotation curves of the spiral galaxies and discuss their consistency.
A family of time-staggered schemes for integrating hybrid DPD models for polymers: algorithms and applications

We propose new schemes for integrating the stochastic differential equations of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) in simulations of dilute polymer solutions. The hybrid DPD models consist of hard potentials that describe the microscopic dynamics of polymers and soft potentials that describe the mesoscopic dynamics of the solvent. In particular, we develop extensions to the velocity-Verlet and Lowe's approaches - two representative DPD time-integrators - following a subcycling procedure whereby the solvent is advanced with a timestep much larger than the one employed in the polymer time-integration. The introduction of relaxation parameters allows optimization studies for accuracy while maintaining the low computational complexity of standard DPD algorithms. We demonstrate through equilibrium simulations that a 10-fold gain in efficiency can be obtained with the time-staggered algorithms without loss of accuracy compared to the non-staggered schemes. We then apply the new approach to investigate the scaling response of polymers in equilibrium as well as the dynamics of λ-phage DNA molecules subjected to shear.
Turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in tissues.

SummaryUsing tryptophan-C14 and 5-hydroxytryptophan-C14 it has been possible to measure turnover of serotonin in a number of tissues in the rabbit. The measured half lives are: platelets and spleen...
Sufficient conditions for balanced incomplete block designs to be minimal fractional combinatorial treatment designs

SUMMARY Sufficient conditions are given for balanced incomplete block designs with block sizes three and four to be saturated minimal fractions of m items taken in mixture sizes of n= 3 and 4 for estimating the contrasts of item means and two-item specific mixing effects. Such fractions are useful for investigations involving mixtures of crops, drugs, marketing practices and other systems using mixtures of items. The balanced incomplete block design with parameters v = 6 and k = 4 is shown to be a saturated minimal fraction for estimating contrasts of item means and two-item and threeitem specific mixing effects. This is a continuation of the work of Federer & Raghavarao (1987) and Federer (2001).
Effects of environment and juvenile hormone on ovaries of the wasp, Polistes metricus

Polistes metricus females emerging from nests collected in eastern Kansas in June, July, and August were kept separately at 26°C with a 16 hr photoperiod or at 22°C with a 14 hr photoperiod. After 7- and 15-day incubations, dissections revealed that only the June long day wasps had significantly well-developed ovaries. This suggests that after June, these wasps are in diapause. It is possible that both adult and immature wasps are sensitive to a diapause cue, and that the July and August adults had already been induced to diapause when they were immature. Topical application of 0·2 or 0·5 μl of Ayerst synthetic juvenile hormone per wasp caused ovarian development in July adults kept at 26°C with a 16 hr photoperiod, suggesting that this diapause is reversible by juvenile hormone.
Electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy from ab initio quantum molecular dynamics

The absorption and resonance Raman excitation profiles of ethylene following π → π* excitation and taking full account of anharmonicity and Duschinsky rotation effects are calculated from first principles molecular dynamics using the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method and a correlation function approach. The AIMS method solves the nuclear and electronic Schrodinger equations simultaneously and it associates a unique nuclear wave function with each electronic state. The computed absorption spectrum has a full width at half maximum of 9800 ± 1300 cm-1 (in agreement with the experimental value, 9500 cm-1) and a high-frequency structure spaced by 800 ± 10 cm-1, attributed to CC stretching. The resonance Raman excitation profile exhibits fundamental activity in all totally symmetric modes with the CC stretching mode being the most dominant. In addition, overtone activity is observed in the torsional motion, out-of-plane wagging motions and the out-of-plane rocking motions. This activity is consistent wi...
Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transforms Using a Fourier Series Approximation

A method is presented for numerically inverting a Laplace transform that requires, in addition to the transform function itself, only sine, cosine, and exponential functions. The method is conceptually much like the method of Dubner and Abate, which approximates the inverse function by means of a Fourier cosine series. The method presented here, however, differs from theirs in two important respects. First of all, the Fourier series contains additional terms involving the sine function selected such that the error in the approximation is less than that of Dubner and Abate and such that the Fourier series approximates the inverse function on an interval of twice the length of the corresponding interval in Dubner and Abate's method. Second, there is incorporated into the method in this paper a transformation of the approximating series into one that converges very rapidly. In test problems using the method it has routinely been possible to evaluate inverse transforms with considerable accuracy over a wide range of values of the independent variable using a relatively few determinations of the Laplace transform itself.
Gender-Bending Anthropological Studies of Education.

L'approche des sexes et de ses differences en anthropologie de l'education. L'auteur produit une reflexion epistemologique a propos des recherches et de la prise en compte des elements se rapportant au sexe dans la recherche d'informations.
Cost-effective personal workstation

A cost-effective personal workstation has been designed and developed using PC based commercial products, to assist physicians and scientists who are interested in creating teaching programs based on CT and MR images, collecting interesting cases, carrying out research projects requiring original digital image information, or generating reports. The development hardware is based on an IBM PS/2 Model 80 with a 85 14 graphics adaptor, an optical disk, a trackball, a digitizing pad, a 9 track tape drive, a mouse, a T800 transputer card, an Ethernet card, a voice recognition card, and a fax machine. The software development has been done using Microsoft C under Windows/286, such that software can be used with any 80286/80386 PCs capably of supporting Windows/286.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Magnetization and exchange in nonstoichiometric magnetite.

Measurements of saturation magnetization and remanence in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3(1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}})}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ single crystals with (0.000 0.006) between 4.2 and 300 K are reported. The exchange constants ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{A}\mathit{B}}$, evaluated with spin-wave theory in the harmonic approximation, agree with those derived from low-temperature heat-capacity investigations. A discontinuous change in behavior for \ensuremath{\delta}g0.0039 is consistent with the change from a first- to second-order Verwey transition, associated wtih splitting of the octahedral electronic levels. A self-reversal of the remanent moment is observed at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{V}}$, in the second-order regime. Simple nearest-neighbor models, in the mean-field approximation, suffice to account for all electronic and magnetic critical temperatures, in the Ising two-state and Heisenberg formulations, respectively.
Patent ductus arteriosus in adult patients with aortic valvular disease: the importance of routine screening for a left-to-right shunt at cardiac catheterization.

Two patients, catheterized primarily for the preoperative assessment of clinically apparent aortic stenosis and insufficiency, were found to have a patent ductus arteriosus as well at cardiac catheterization. The association of aortic valve disease and patent ductus arteriosus is reviewed, and the importance of making the diagnosis prior to aortic valve replacement is stressed, emphasizing the routine use of the hydrogen-platinum electrode system.