cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary Management of Oropharynx Carcinomas

The demographics, evaluation, and treatment of patients with oropharynx cancers have changed dramatically in the last decade. Compared to other head and neck malignancies, which are declining, oropharynx cancers are increasing in numbers, younger patients are being diagnosed, and more women are developing the disease; human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated as a likely causative factor in these notable changes. As the nature of the disease itself changes, so does the evaluation and treatment. The integration of detailed imaging modalities, including MRI and PET scans, has helped delineate the extent of disease and guide therapy, and the molecular analysis of tumor tissue for HPV infection has helped predict the outcomes for these patients. As late as the 1990s, the standard therapy for oropharynx cancer at most institutions was surgery with postoperative radiation therapy; during this time, the majority of oropharynx carcinomas were thought to be related to tobacco use. Now, advances in radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and our understanding of a potential viral etiology of these tumors that portends a better prognosis, have caused definitive radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy to become the standard of care. As our understanding of this disease has improved, the integration of novel targeted therapies, including the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors such as cetuximab, has been another milestone in the treatment for these patients. Overall, our understanding of the pathogenesis and methods of treatment has undergone a significant evolution, and the integration of multidisciplinary collaboration has improved outcomes and reduced treatment toxicities for patients with oropharynx carcinomas.
High Magnetic Field Studies of Confined Impurities in Semiconductors

The combination of far infrared spectroscopy and high magnetic fields has proven to be a powerful tool in the study of the electronic properties of bulk semiconductors. Recent advances in growth techniques have permitted the reproducible fabrication of repeated semiconductor heterostructures with interface abruptness on an atomic scale and a very high degree of doping control. Simple considerations show that the electronic states of shallow impurities in such confining structures can depend strongly on location with respect to confining barriers. Recent far infrared magnetospectroscopy studies of shallow donors doped in the GaAs wells of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures are reviewed. Multiple quantum well samples with quantum well widths between 80A and 450A and doped in the well centers, well edges, and simultaneously in the barrier and well centers have been investigated. Results are in generally good agreement with recent theoretical calculations. Possible use of such measurements to determine the impurity distribution along the growth direction is discussed.
Origins of Types of Lake Basins

The origin of a lake can be traced to three elements: (1) an environmental force, (2) a body of terrain reshaped by that force into a closed depression (basin), and (3) a water supply. A lake's principal environmental force at origination is the facet of its natural history most commonly used by scientists to guide the general classification of lake basins. The more specific process by which that force interacts with a body of terrain to create a closed depression is used by scientists to name distinct types of lake basins. In this article, 22 distinct types of lake basins deriving from 10 principal environmental forces are described. These principal forces include glacial, tectonic, volcanic, fluvial, organism behavior, chemical, wind, landslide, shoreline, and meteorite. Glacial, tectonic, and fluvial forces together account for the origin of about 90% of the Earth's current inventory of lake basins, with glacial force being far more important than all the others combined.
Internationalizing the AO Organization

With the success of the AO organization’s rollout of its Instrumentarium, and the increasing acceptance of its philosophy, requests were fielded from surgeons outside of Switzerland who wanted to have their own, local AO organizations. When the AO was founded in 1958, all but one of the 13 founding surgeons were Swiss. The expectation of active participation in the regular meetings to further develop the AO philosophy must have put a break on the enrollment of more AO members. Surgeons attending the Davos courses hailing from other countries were not willing to leave AO contacts at the course-level alone.
Religious Freedom Restoration Law

Following the enactment in 1993 of the federal Religious Freedom Restoration Act—a statute that seeks to minimize the intrusion of government into the practice of religion—numerous states adopted equivalent law. To identify sociological agents that influenced the odds that a state developed such law during the years 1993 through 2010, state-level data were analyzed with logistic regression. The analysis yielded a model consisting of culture (measured by geographic region), social disorder (measured by the rate of violent and property crime in each state during 1990), societal fragmentation (measured by the percentage of the state population aged 5 or older in 1990 that neither spoke English at home nor spoke English “very well”), and societal rationality (measured by the percentage of the state population aged 25 or older in 1990 that had earned at least a bachelor’s degree). Ceteris paribus, the odds that law similar to the federal Act had been adopted by a state were substantially lower among states in the North Central region and in the West, but higher among states in the Northeast, than among states in the South; rose with social disorder and with societal fragmentation; and fell with increasing societal rationality.
Characterization of non-radiolabeled Thyroxine (T4) uptake in cryopreserved rat hepatocyte suspensions: Pharmacokinetic implications for PFOA and PFOS chemical exposure.

Abstract The alteration of thyroxine (T4) cellular uptake by an environmental chemical can serve as a contributing factor in thyroid hormone (TH) disruption. Herein, we describe a non-radiolabeled (LC-MS/MS) oil-filtration technique designed to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for T4 cellular uptake in cryopreserved rat hepatocyte suspensions. The environmental chemicals perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were evaluated for their effect on T4 hepatic uptake. At 37 °C, hepatic assays demonstrated saturable kinetics with increasing T4 concentrations, while a linear uptake rate consistent with passive diffusion was detected at 4 °C. Carrier-mediated (37–4 °C) transport of T4 was the predominant hepatic uptake process versus passive diffusion. Cyclosporin A (CsA) chemically inhibited T4 hepatic uptake, whereas PFOA/PFOS displayed no inhibition of T4 translocation. Increasing PFOA/PFOS concentration levels with the T4 serum carrier-protein transthyretin (TTR) present resulted in a dose-response increase in T4 hepatic uptake rates, correlating with increased T4 free fraction values. Hepatic assays conducted in the presence of PFOA/PFOS and TTR displayed an enhanced first-order T4 hepatic uptake rate consistent with carrier-mediated transport. These in vitro findings characterizing increased T4 hepatic uptake provides mechanistic insight regarding decreased T4 serum levels (hypothyroxinemia) previously observed within in vivo rodent studies following perfluorinated chemical exposure.
Migration and Fertility

Until recently, the growth and structure of national populations has primarily been understood in terms of fertility and mortality, with most classic demographic indicators assuming populations to be closed to migration. This assumption is obviously no longer tenable; most developed countries have relatively low mortality and fertility concurrent with relatively high levels of international migration. These trends highlight the need to more systematically incorporate population mobility into studies of reproduction and growth. This article discusses the mechanisms by which mobility and immigration are linked to fertility, assesses various lines of theorizing about these links, and reviews current research literature.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in cancer patients

Cancer is a chronic condition that induces significant emotional and physical stress, which may increase the risk for developing Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM). Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a clinical syndrome that generally presents as chest pain mimicking acute coronary syndrome or as an acute heart failure characterized by severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction in response to emotional, physical, or medical stress. The potential triggers for Takotsubo syndrome in cancer patients include the emotional turmoil of a cancer diagnosis, the inflammatory state of the cancer itself, and the physical stress of cancer surgery, systemic anti-neoplastic therapy, and radiation treatment. TCM is becoming increasingly recognized among patients with cancer and has been associated with adverse outcomes in this patient population. In this study, we searched the Pubmed database using keywords “Takotsubo cardiomyopathy”, “cancer”, and “anti-neoplastic therapy” to review case reports of Takotsubo syndrome occurring in oncologic patients after systemic anti-neoplastic therapy. Clinical presentation, electrocardiogram, laboratory data, transthoracic echocardiogram and coronary angiogram results, and patient outcomes were collected and analyzed. Patients with cancer are at an elevated risk for developing stress cardiomyopathy, and it is important to know which cancer drugs have been associated with the development of the Takotsubo syndrome.
Impact of the Global Environment on Sustainable Organizations: A New Model for Long-Term Competitive Advantage

Global managers encounter the daunting task of balancing the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental protection, the organization’s economic viability, and social justice (equity). Both scholars and practitioners have increasingly shown interest in this integrative management system. However, the literature on organizational sustainability is fragmented and inconsistent. Furthermore, current conceptual models of how to realize organizational sustainability in the global business environment are either too vague or too incomplete to offer clear guidance to the practicing sustainability manager. This paper uses a systematic review methodology to offer the first collective body of evidence on the global business environment’s impact on sustainable organizations. An analysis of 19 peer-reviewed research articles on organizational sustainability in the global environment covering the period from 2000 to 2016 offers a new conceptual model of sustainable organizations in the global environment, suggestions for future research, and guidelines for professional global sustainability managers.
Epidemiological and Accounting Analysis of Ground Ambulance Whole Blood Transfusion.

Introduction In October 2017, the American Association of Blood Bankers (AABB; Bethesda, Maryland USA) approved a petition to allow low-titer group O whole blood as a standard product without the need for a waiver. Around that time, a few Texas, USA-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems incorporated whole blood into their ground ambulances. The purpose of this project was to describe the epidemiology of ground ambulance patients that received a prehospital whole blood transfusion. The secondary aim of this project was to report an accounting analysis of these ground ambulance prehospital whole blood programs. Methods The dataset came from the Harris County Emergency Service District 48 Fire Department (HCESD 48; Harris County, Texas USA) and San Antonio Fire Department (SAFD; San Antonio, Texas USA) whole blood Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement (QA/QI) databases from September 2017 through December 2018. The primary outcome of this study was the prehospital transfusion indication. The secondary outcome was the projected cost per life saved during the first 10 years of the prehospital whole blood initiative. Results Of 58 consecutive prehospital whole blood administrations, the team included all 58 cases. Hemorrhagic shock from a non-traumatic etiology accounted for 46.5% (95% CI, 34.3%-59.2%) of prehospital whole blood recipients. In the non-traumatic hemorrhagic shock cohort, gastrointestinal hemorrhage was the underlying etiology of hemorrhagic shock in 66.7% (95% CI, 47.8%-81.4%) of prehospital whole blood transfusion recipients. The projected average cost to save a life in Year 10 was US$5,136.51 for the combined cohort, US$4,512.69 for HCESD 48, and US$5,243.72 for SAFD EMS. Conclusion This retrospective analysis of ground ambulance patients that receive prehospital whole blood transfusion found that non-traumatic etiology accounted for 46.5% (95% CI, 34.3%-59.2%) of prehospital whole blood recipients. Additionally, the accounting analysis suggests that by Year 10 of a ground ambulance whole blood transfusion program, the average cost to save a life will be approximately US$5,136.51.
Solid-fluid transition and cell sorting in epithelia with junctional tension fluctuations

Tissues transition between solid-like and fluid-like behavior, which has major implications for morphogenesis and disease. These transitions can occur due to changes in the intrinsic shape of constituent cells and cell motility. We consider an alternative mechanism by studying tissues that explore the energy landscape through stochastic dynamics, driven by turnover of junctional molecular motors. To identify the solid-fluid transition, we start with single-component tissues and show that the mean cell-shape index uniquely describes the effective diffusion coefficient of cell movements, which becomes finite at the transition. We generalize our approach to two-component tissues, and explore cell-sorting dynamics both due to differential adhesion and due to differential degree of junctional fluctuations. We recover some known characteristic scaling relations describing the sorting kinetics, and discover some discrepancies from these relations in the case of differential-fluctuations-driven sorting. Finally, we show that differential fluctuations efficiently sort two solid-like tissues with a fluid intercompartmental boundary.
Cultural Differences in Processing and Consumption

The dietary role of cereal grains varies by country and cultural practice. Grains typically compose a smaller percentage of the diet in developed countries than in developing countries. The processing of cereal grains affects their nutrient quality and availability. Wheat is the primary cereal grain used for food in most Western countries, while rice provides about half the food calories for up to half of the world's population. A shifting dietary landscape, due to changes such as globalization and increasing emphasis on either gluten-free or whole grain foods, may alter the role of traditional and alternative cereal grains in the diet.
What Is a Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a system designed to remotely monitor and control a specific phenomenon or event. This new 2-page fact sheet discusses the advantages that the WSN has over traditional stand-alone sensors and controllers, power consumption and conservation, and WSN technologies. Written by Clyde Fraisse, Janise McNair, and Thiago Borba Onofre, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae521
A Systematic Review of Intensive Empirically Supported Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Various clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have consistently identified two frontline evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs)-prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT)-as well as other empirically supported treatments (EST), such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT for PTSD). However, researchers and clinicians continue to be concerned with rates of symptom improvement and patient dropout within these treatments. Recent attempts to address these issues have resulted in intensive, or "massed," treatments for PTSD. Due to variability among intensive treatments, including treatment delivery format, fidelity to the EST, and the population studied, we conducted a systematic review to summarize and integrate the literature on the impact of intensive treatments on PTSD symptoms. A review of four major databases, with no restrictions regarding publication date, yielded 11 studies that met all inclusion criteria. The individual study findings denoted a large impact of treatment on reduction of PTSD symptoms, ds = 1.15-2.93, and random-effects modeling revealed a large weighted mean effect of treatment, d = 1.57, 95% CI [1.24, 1.91]. Results from intensive treatments also noted high rates of treatment completion (i.e., 0%-13.6% dropout; 5.51% pooled dropout rate across studies). The findings suggest that intensive delivery of these treatments can be an effective alternative to standard delivery and contribute to improved treatment response and reduced treatment dropout.
Yes, Teachers Can Be Financially Fit

Makayla did what? The small audience in the law firm’s conference room learned that this 40-year veteran high school chemistry teacher had left $1.2 million in her will to a local clinic. She had never worked outside of education and she had moved to a sunny coast after retiring. Makayla’s financial success was not built on chasing after money. Rather, she made good decisions while concentrating more on her students than on her investment accounts. This chapter begins by exploring the relationships between money and happiness. It shows teachers what they should look for in a financial adviser. It introduces the financial scorecard called “net worth” – the value of all that someone owns minus the value of whatever is owed. Attitude is important in financial success and this chapter sets the tone for the rest of the book: Teachers can be financially fit.
A Methodology for Remote Sensing Inter-Turn Fault Events in Power System Air-Core Reactors, via Simulation of Magneto Quasi-Static Fields in 2D FDTD

We present a numerical methodology to estimate the transient fault currents and to simulate the remote sensing of transient fault information embedded in the magnetic field emissions caused by inter-turn shorts in 60 Hz air-core reactors, thru a magneto quasi-static (MQS) field approximation in the method of Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) in 2-dimensional (2D) space. The MQS 2D FDTD fields of reactor in normal operation are scaled by correlation against an equivalent circuit model that is derived from application of basic physics principles to parameters of the 3D air-core reactor. The proposed multi-scale quasi-static modeling methodology, based on the reduced c modification, provides fine-feature access down to the single-wire level and can efficiently estimate the transient fault fields and currents due to turn-to-turn short in a reactor with core height in several meters, core diameter in meters, wire diameter in millimeters, and number of turns in the thousands, at 60 Hz; this is accomplished by using computational resources of a typical laptop computer within seconds or minutes , as opposed to days that would be otherwise required without the reduced c modification.
Sites of (Mis)Translation: The Credible Fear Process in United States Immigration Detention

The credible fear interview presents a high-stakes encounter in the circumscribed legal process afforded to individuals in immigration detention as they seek to claim asylum in the United States. Limited research, however, exists on the sociolegal consequences of translation and interpretation in the asylum process generally and the credible fear context specifically. Our paper advances that scholarship in the context of the credible fear process for detained individuals by focusing on two sites of potential (mis)translation and (mis)interpretation: 1) explaining “credible fear” and 2) transposing individual facts and trauma into the legal categories that United States and international asylum law recognize as forming the basis for an asylum claim.
The NRA in Crisis: Social Identities and Publics’ Cognitive and Affective Evaluations:

Contextualized in the Florida Parkland high school mass shooting and National Rifle Association (NRA) crisis, our study is among the first to apply the social identity theory in understanding simul...
Clinical effectiveness of adding azithromycin to antimicrobial prophylaxis for cesarean delivery.

Background A recent large clinical trial demonstrated an approximately 50% decrease in the rate of postoperative infection in women who were laboring and/or had rupture of membranes for >4 hours and who received azithromycin in addition to standard preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of cesarean delivery. Given these results, our institution made a policy change in May 2017 to add azithromycin to standard preoperative prophylaxis for all cesarean deliveries. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of adding azithromycin to preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery. Study Design We conducted a before-and-after cohort study of women delivered via cesarean delivery at our institution. The preimplementation group included women who delivered from March 1, 2016, to February 28, 2017, (before an institutional practice change of adding azithromycin to standard preoperative prophylaxis), and the postimplementation group included women who delivered from September 1, 2017, to August 31, 2018 (allowing a 6-month period for uptake of the practice change). The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative infections (endometritis, wound infection, other maternal infections). Unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a modified Poisson regression model. Results In the preimplementation (n=1171) and postimplementation (n=1168) groups, the incidence rates of the composite outcomes were 4.7% and 5.3%, respectively (P=.49). Both unadjusted (relative risk, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.62) and adjusted (adjusted relative risk, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.52) comparisons were not significantly different. In addition, results were statistically nonsignificant, but in the direction of lower rates of infection, in the after cohort for women in labor and/or with rupture of membranes for ≥4 hours (relative risk, 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.56–1.39]; adjusted relative risk, 0.82 [95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.30]) and for women with clinical chorioamnionitis (relative risk, 0.37 [95% confidence interval, 0.08–1.67]; data too sparse for adjusted analysis). In the subgroup of women who were not in labor, the after cohort had a statistically nonsignificant increased risk of the composite outcome in both unadjusted (relative risk, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–2.72) and adjusted (adjusted relative risk, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–2.65]) comparisons. Conclusion In clinical practice, the addition of azithromycin to standard preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery may have an effect size smaller than seen in the large clinical trial prompting this practice change. Extrapolation of this regimen to women not in labor may be ineffective.
Rapid On-site Evaluation (ROSE) for Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid: Is It Helpful?

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are very common. Many are detected incidentally due to increased head and neck imaging. The majority are benign; however, malignancy can’t be excluded in many cases and tissue sampling is needed. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration is an easy and effective way to sample g thyroid nodules. Inadequate sampling was reported in 10-40% of the cases. Rapid On-site Evaluation (ROSE) was proposed to assess obtained sample for adequacy. The aim of this study is to identify the benefit of applying ROSE with US-FNA of thyroid nodules within our institution. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent FNA for thyroid nodules with ROSE availability documented in their procedure note between January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively included. All procedures were done by experienced radiologists. Aspirated material was Diff Quik stained for immediate evaluation. The final cytological diagnosis and specimen adequacy was based on The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Specimen adequacy was compared between ROSE and non-ROSE groups. Results: 442 thyroid nodules were biopsied. ROSE was available for 65 nodules. Non-diagnostic rate with ROSE was 10.8% compared to 13.8% without ROSE with the difference being statistically insignificant. ROSE availability improved sample adequacy of nodules less than 3 cm with statistically significant difference of 100.0% with ROSE vs. 87% without ROSE. Conclusion: The current study does not justify the routine use of ROSE. However, ROSE availability is beneficial with smaller sized thyroid nodules and less experienced radiologists performing the procedure. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0301-1 Full Text: PDF
Family history and pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants in prostate cancer patients.

143Background: Recent literature highlights the importance of germline genetic testing in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Surprisingly, a literature review indicates that family history records are...
Social Influence Network Simulation Design Affects Behavior of Aggregated Entropy

As agents interact and influence one another in a social network, the opinions they hold about some common topic can change over time. These changes may enable us to infer mechanisms of the network that control how interactions lead to opinion change. Inferring such mechanisms from opinion data could enable analysis of social influence in data-sparse scenarios. However, limited work has focused on this problem, despite its clear value. To address this gap, we create opinion data using agent-based simulation and experimental design. By viewing opinion changes as an information-generating process, opinion dynamics can be studied using entropy. This work explores the relationships between aggregated entropy and five simulation design factors. Three entropy measures are calculated on continuous-valued opinions and are analyzed using a main effects model and cluster analysis. Overall, the choices of influence model and error distribution are most important to the entropy measures, activation regime is important to some measures, and population size is unimportant. Also, design variation can be detected using time-series cluster analysis. These findings may support work in inferring properties about real-world social influence networks using opinion data collected from their members.
Hermeneutics and Performance in Social Theories of Power

In this chapter, we discuss theoretical developments in the sociological theory of power that emerged over the course of the twentieth and into the twenty-first century, in critical dialogue with sociologies that had synthesized the concerns of classical theory. After discussing the inheritances of classical theory in the twentieth century, we turn to the hermeneutic tradition in social theory, which dissented from a focus on power, and oriented itself toward authority instead. This, we propose, opens up a complex space of intellectual dialogue about power and its related terms (authority, violence) and the relationship of power to culture. In this space, we reconstruct two foundational thinkers of the twentieth (and, in one case, the twenty-first) century: Hannah Arendt and Judith Butler. Their work on power, focused on publicity and performance, articulated the performative dimension of power as a locus for sociological research.
Military Solid and Hazardous Wastes—Assessment of Issues at Military Facilities and Base Camps

Publisher Summary This Chapter explores military waste issues. It focuses on the issues associated with the United States Army from existing military facilities and from base camp operations. The Army has facilities to house and train troops, store munitions, support operational commands, conduct research and development, and engage in the production of munitions. Of course, many facilities combine several aspects of these activities. Within these facilities, a wide range of activities can take place, each of which may result in the generation of various waste streams. These include typical household wastes from housing areas, office wastes from various administrative and command activities, landscaping wastes, and construction and demolition (C&D) wastes. Therefore, in many ways, wastes generated at military facilities are similar to civilian residential communities and commercial facilities. However, training areas in particular provide substantially different waste issues than commonly found in civilian environments. Another area of substantial difference is the management of explosive munitions, particularly the decommissioning of out-of-specification materials.
Diffusion Induced Grain Boundary Migration in Surface Modification Processes

Diffusion induced grain boundary migration (DIGM) is a phenomenon which was first reported in 1972 by den Broeder (1); it did not receive very much attention, however, until the observations by Cahn, Pan and Balluffi where published in 1979 (2). Since that time, several studies of the phenomenon have been reported (e. g. 3–8) DIGM is characterised by the sideways motion of grain boundaries in single phased materials during the diffusion of solute along than. As the grain boundaries migrate, solute is deposited in, or depleted from that volume through which a boundary sweeps, as illustrated schematically in Fig.1. Since the process depends on grain boundary diffusion, it is observed most readily in temperature ranges for which lattice diffusion is essentially negligible over the period of the experiment: for most laboratory experiments, this limits the useful range of temperature to between 0.3 and 0.5 of the absolute melting temperature of the solvent material, although DIGM does occur outside this range (3).
An experimental animal model of human tumor dormancy

5133 It is well accepted that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent. It is also known that early in situ cancers can remain dormant for prolonged periods as microscopic lesions. As previously reported, human tumors contain angiogenic as well as non-angiogenic sub-populations of cancer cells ( Achilles et al. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2001 ). In order to study the timing of escape from the dormant phenotype ( i.e. angiogenic switch) we isolated the angiogenic and non-angiogenic sub-populations of human breast adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, and glioblastoma. We developed an experimental animal model in which both phenotypes were xenographed in SCID mice. We hypothesized that dormancy is characterized by the absence or insufficiency of angiogenic activity. To test this hypothesis we compared the in vivo tumor growth of the angiogenic and non-angiogenic variants in both orthotopic and ectopic (subcutaneous) sites. Mice injected subcutaneously with the angiogenic variants initiated palpable tumors at 23 (median), 24 and 17 days for breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and glioblastoma, respectively. In contrast, mice injected with the non-angiogenic variants remained dormant for up to 10 months. The dormancy period of the non-angiogenic variants can be predicted. At 160 days the incidence for breast cancer was 4/5 mice (with a median time of 74 days to the angiogenic switch), osteosarcoma 1/8, and glioblastoma 1/5. Due to the timing of the angiogenic switch the dormancy period significantly varied between the examined cancer types. During this dormancy period, microscopic tumors remain avascular or with non-functional vasculature for a prolonged period. However, histology reveals high proliferative and apoptotic rates within the dormant tumors, suggesting a non-quiescent state. Interestingly, once the non-angiogenic tumors escape dormancy, there are no differences in growth rates when compared to their angiogenic counterparts. Similar in vivo growth patterns were confirmed in the appropriate orthotopic sites. This animal model presents an opportunity to test existing and novel anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies that will regress already established tumors and/or will keep occult tumors in a state of prolonged dormancy by deactivating the angiogenic switch ( i.e. angioprevention).
Geometric Avatar Problems

We introduce the concept of Avatar problems that deal with situations where each entity has multiple copies or "avatars" and the solutions are constrained to use exactly one of the avatars. The resulting set of problems show a surprising range of hardness characteristics and elicit a variety of algorithmic solutions. Many Multiple geometric avatar problems are considered. In particular, we show how to extend the concept of epsilon-kernels to find approximation algorithms for geometric avatar problems. Results for metric space graph avatar problems are also presented.
A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974

This project was designed to outline transportation chapters of a planned written history of Oregon land use planning, written in ways that would make the transportation planning profession relevant to a popular audience. The writing would focus on stories from the profession, and on historical facts and events in Oregon transportation planning history that would surprise or enlighten popular reading audiences. Technology transfer would occur through publication of one or more written pieces of work. The result is a topical and historical tale entitled “A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974.” Sources told stories with enthusiastic reference to past transportation events. The structure chosen was an interwoven collection of topical essays, arranged chronologically but skipping sideways, sometimes backward or forward, from stage to stage – national, metropolitan, state governmental, local – but always moving forward in time. The tale presented here takes the reader through tumultuous early years, up to the moment in 1974 when statewide planning goals, including Goal 12, the transportation goal, were adopted by the Oregon Legislature.
Aero-thermodynamic analysis of space shuttle vehicle at re-entry

Since the last two decades, aerospace agencies around the world have started planning Space-based Solar Power Systems (SSPS) as an alternative power source [1]–[9]. The use of Space Shuttle Orbiter type re-usable launch vehicles will enable the completion of this project in a limited time span with economic feasibility. This would leave less time between successive launches, making it imperative that the aero-thermodynamic analysis of these vehicles be fast and accurate. Currently, aero-thermodynamic analysis is done by high fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers which are accurate but take significantly more time to give necessary results. Therefore, the present CFD solvers might not be useful tools for this mission to be completed in limited time. In this work a low cost, quick and reasonably accurate model is developed when compared with the CFD results [10]. Pressure coefficients and surface temperatures from this code are compared with results from the CFD solver of ‘Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson’ [10]. The model developed in this work is based on hypersonic theories which meet the requirements of this mission.
Counselor Attitudes toward the Use of Motivational Incentives in Addiction Treatment

Counselor attitudes toward evidence-based practices, such as motivational incentives/contingency management (MI/CM), are important in bridging the gap between research and practice. Mailed surveys from 1,959 substance abuse treatment counselors showed ambivalence toward MI/CM and strong disagreement with using monetary rewards for achievement of treatment goals. Attitudes were associated with counselors' educational attainment, a 12-step treatment ideology, affiliation with NIDA's Clinical Trials Network, and working in opioid treatment programs. Exposure to MI/CM via training was more strongly associated with attitudes when counselors worked in programs that had adopted MI/CM. While there is substantial resistance to MI/CM, dissemination and training about the essential elements of MI/CM may enhance counselors' receptivity toward this intervention.
Painting the sacred in the age of romanticism, Grewe, Cordula

(2010). Painting the sacred in the age of romanticism, Grewe, Cordula. Material Religion: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 250-252.
Hydroxylation of taurolithocholate by isolated human liver microsomes: I. Identification of metabolic product

Abstract Human liver microsomes isolated from surgical biopsy specimen hydroxylate taurolithocholic acid in the 6α position. The reaction requires NADPH. The identification of the reaction product as hyodeoxycholic acid is based on data obtained from gas chromatographic, thin-layer chromatographic, and mass spectrometric analyses.
The emergence of visual categories: a computational perspective

When we are born we do not know about sailing boats, frogs, cell-phones and wheelbarrows. By the time we reach school age we can easily recognize these categories of objects and many more using our visual system; by some estimates, we learn around 10 new categories per day with minimal supervision during the first few years of our lives. How can this happen? I will outline a computational approach to the problem of representing the visual properties of object categories, and of learning such models without supervision from cluttered images. Both static images of objects and dynamic displays such as the ones generated by human activity are handled by the theory. Its properties will be exemplified with experiments on a variety of categories.
Structure and equilibria of polyaromatic flame ions

Abstract The aim of this work is to determine structures of a series of major hydrocarbon ions found in the burned gas region of fuel-rich acetylene flames. Both kinetic and thermodynamic arguments are presented to show first that protonated and ionized benzenoid polynuclear aromatics are more stable than any of their nonbenzenoid structural isomers, and then that the ionized forms are expected to predominate in low-pressure flames above ∼ 1600K. The fact that only the protonated forms are detected in flame-sampling experiments is attributed to rapid H atom addition reactions in a region cooled by the sampling probe. This work demonstrates the utility of thermokinetic estimation methods for determining the most stable ion structures, for correcting the sampling effects, and for finding ion reaction pathways.
Bacterial flora of marine penetrating injuries

Bacteriologic and clinical features of 28 cases of traumatic marine injuries are described. The most common bacterial isolates were normal skin bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and, in 11% of cases, Vibrio alginolyticus. All injuries responded to local wound care, and only half received antibiotic therapy.
Reactions of coordinated molecules. XXVII. The crystal and molecular structure of [fac-(OC)3Re(CH3CO)3]BCl: A triacetylmetalate complex of boron

Abstract The (triacetyltricarbonylrhenato)boron chloride complex, [ fac -(OC) 3 Re(CH 3 CO) 3 ]BCl, is characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography. The space group is P2 1 /m with Z = 2, and the unit cell dimensions are: a = 7.144(2) A, b = 8.993(2) A, c = 11.134(4) A, β = 99.24(2)° and V = 706 A 3 . The molecule has crystallographically imposed mirror symmetry. Significant crystal decomposition occured during data collection and resulted in a poorly resolved structure. The final R factor is 9.9%, and the weighted R w factor is 8.4%. Typical standard devaitions of bond distances and bond angles are ca. 0.04 A and 3°, respectively. THe molecule possesses idealized C 3v symmetry at the −σ limit, but only C 8 symmetry at a −σ limit. The possibility of excessive thermal vibrations or disorder is discussed. The structure does confirm that the triacetylrhenate ligand acts as a trioxygen, vicinal, bifurcated chelating ligand when it is coordinated to a boron atom.
Seasonal variation in the effects of major indoor and outdoor environmental variables on asthma.

(1998). Seasonal Variation in the Effects of Major Indoor and Outdoor Environmental Variables on Asthma. Journal of Asthma: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 7-48.
Epidermal growth factor-induced increases in inositol trisphosphates, inositol tetrakisphosphates, and cytosolic Ca2+ in a human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line.

A human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line, PLC/PRF/5, was examined for its ability to respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) exposure with increased phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis. Upon addition of EGF (25 ng/ml) a rapid (10–15 s) but transient increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels and large, prolonged (2 min) increases in Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 andIns(1,3,4)P3 levels were detected. Increases in cytosolic Ca2+ were observed after a 10 to 2O s lag, reaching peak value at 1 min, and remaining elevated for 10 min. The initial burst of cytosolic Ca2+ occurred in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and probably reflects mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores. In cells pretreated with EGTA, the sustained component of the Ca2+ response was not observed. Comparison of the inositol phosphate and Ca2+ responses of PLC/PRF/5 cells to responses reported in other cell types indicates that this cell line is a good model for EGF action in liver.
Induction of intranuclear inclusions by estrogen in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil.

Inclusions have been induced in the nucleus of mammotrophs in male and female Mongolian gerbils by injection of estradiol. No inclusions could be observed within nuclei of the anterior pituitary gland of control-injected male gerbils, although a small number were normally present within mammotrophs of female gerbils receiving control injections (0.44 ± 0.07 inclusions per field). Estradiol induced 3.30 ± 0.10 inclusions per field in males and 3.90 ± 0.09 for females. Inclusions were of two types: membranous and vesicular. Membranous inclusions were smooth surfaced and consisted of many cisternae containing a slightly electron opaque matrix. Vacuolar inclusions were large, often filling the entire cross sectional area of the nucleus. The protein synthetic apparatus of mammotrophs was stimulated by the estrogen inasmuch as rough endoplasmic reticulum became hypertropic. Inclusions may well reflect the hyperactivity of the mammotrophs after stimulation by estrogen.
Speed tracking and transverse vibration control of an axially accelerating web

In this paper, we present a control strategy for an axially moving web system that regulates transverse vibration and ensures that the web speed tracks a desired trajectory. The control strategy is implemented using roller torque inputs applied at the boundary and a pair of control forces applied to the web via a mechanical guide. Given the hybrid model of the web system (i.e. the distributed parameter field equation coupled to discrete actuator equations), Lyapunov-type arguments are utilised to design a model-based control law that exponentially regulates the axial speed tracking error and the web displacement. The proposed control law is based on measurements of the web speed and displacement, slope, and slope rate at the mechanical guide. Experimental results demonstrate the speed tracking and vibration damping provided by the control strategy.
On significant retention of impact strength in clay–reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites

Abstract The mechanical response of clay–reinforced polyethylene nanocomposite is investigated and the behavior compared with the un-reinforced polyethylene under identical conditions of processing. The micromechanism of plastic deformation during impact loading of neat polyethylene and clay–reinforced polyethylene nanocomposite are studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impact strength of composites is linked to structural studies by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM observations. The addition of clay to polyethylene retains adequately high-impact strength in the investigated temperature range of −40 to +70 °C. The micromechanism of deformation is altered from a combination of craze and drawing of fibrils in neat polyethylene to microvoid coalescence-fibrillated process in the nanocomposite. The aspects related to micromechanism of deformation are discussed.
A Dynamic Analysis of a Spatial Manipulator to Determine Payload Weight

This paper presents a methodology whereby the payload weight of a serial manipulator can be determined from a minimum set of sensor data, i.e., joint angle and joint torque measurements. The particular manipulator geometry that is analyzed is a four degree-of-freedom serial chain that is commonly used in excavator systems. It was quite remarkable that a relatively simple solution was obtained for the payload weight considering that there are a total of nine unknown moments and cross moments of inertia of the payload together with the unknown location of the center of mass. Example calculations are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A poetics of postmodernism: History, theory, fiction

(1991). A poetics of postmodernism: History, theory, fiction. History of European Ideas: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 445-446.
Hyperoxia-induced signal transduction pathways in pulmonary epithelial cells.

Mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia is necessary to treat critically ill patients. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia leads to the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause acute inflammatory lung injury. One of the major effects of hyperoxia is the injury and death of pulmonary epithelium, which is accompanied by increased levels of pulmonary proinflammatory cytokines and excessive leukocyte infiltration. A thorough understanding of the signaling pathways leading to pulmonary epithelial cell injury/death may provide some insights into the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced acute inflammatory lung injury. This review focuses on epithelial responses to hyperoxia and some of the major factors regulating pathways to epithelial cell injury/death, and proinflammatory responses upon exposure to hyperoxia. We discuss in detail some of the most interesting players, such as, NF-κB, that can modulate both proinflammatory responses and cell injury/death of lung epithelial cells. A better appreciation for the functions of these factors will no doubt help us to delineate the pathways to hyperoxic cell death and proinflammatory responses.