cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design in Ben Johnston's sonata for microtonal piano

Abstract The structure of Ben Johnston's Sonata for Microtonal Piano is discussed in terms of elements of design. These include associations which locate the work in the contexts of 1950s avant‐garde concerns and American popular culture; pitch structure, with respect to triadic just intonation as applied to the keyboard, and to combinatorial set structure; durational structure on the levels of movement, section, phrase; and the generation of a single proportional series to determine rhythms in the fourth movement, symbolized as a sequence of pitch ratios. Conclusions are based on study of sketches and the original manuscript.
Isotypes of protein kinase C in bovine sperm.

Abstract Protein kinase C is present in bovine epididymal sperm. The enzyme was partially purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The Ca 2+ /phosphatidylserine-dependent histone phosphotransferase activity elutes from the gel filtration column in a manner corresponding to a M r ~80 kDa. The activity peak also corresponds with [ 3 H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding activity. Immunoblot analysis of the partially purified enzyme with isozyme-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of α-, β-, and γ-subspecies of protein kinase C. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that the antibodies against α-, β-, and γ-subspecies produced prominent staining of the postacrosomal region of the sperm head. In addition, β-subspecies antibodies produced minor staining of the midpiece and γ-subspecies antibodies produced a minor staining of the acrosomal region.
The periodicity of insulin secretion by islets of Langerhans shown by using a new apparatus preliminary data

Abstract Cerasi et al. (1) have recently emphasized that the beta cell defect in prediabetes and maturity onset diabetes may be limited to the insulin-discharging action of glucose. An important aspect of this defective release in man is a delay in the insulin response to glucose which is most pronounced in the initial 10 min after stimulation (2). It is, therefore, apparent that a detailed study of the initial transient phase (3) of insulin release in animal models may reveal important information about this defect. This preliminary report describes the use of a “dipping” apparatus in which the time course of this initial phase of insulin release can be studied in single isolated islets from the mouse, an animal with distinct genetic strains of model diabetes. A single islet is secured to the tip of a micropipet by suction and dipped successively, at timed intervals into small cups drilled into the periphery of a Lucite wheel. Immunoassay of insulin is then performed on an aliquot from each cup.
Life = self-reproduction with variations?

(2012). Life = Self-Reproduction with Variations? Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 621-622.
Wave propagation characteristics in long bones to diagnose osteoporosis

A mathematical model of stress wave propagation in bone is developed assuming a long bone to be a thick-walled, long cylindrical shell filled with a fluid. The calculated phase and group velocities in adult human femurs were found to be a function of the wave number and they were different for population groups of above and below 55 yr of age. The velocities were also sex dependent, being different for males and females of the same age group. Diagnostic methods based on the measurement of wave propagation characteristics may potentially be used to measure the structural changes in long bones due to osteoporosis.
Predictive value of gadolinium enhancement in differentiating ALT/WD liposarcomas from benign fatty tumors.

Objective To determine the predictive value of gadolinium enhancement on MRI in differentiating atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT)/well-differentiated (WD) liposarcoma from benign fatty tumors.
Application of control theory to endocrine regulation and control.

This paper considers some aspects of the application of control theory to endocrine regulation and control. Consideration is given to both the structural and functional aspects of various control concepts and ideas in this context. For single-input, single-output feedback control structures, emphasis is placed on loop gain and its importance in establishing the functional capability of such structures. Examples are given of both functional and nonfunctional feedback structures proposed by endocrinologists. For multi-input, multi-output structures, emphasis is placed on the concept of input and output decoupling, and the possible applicability of these concepts to hormonal control system interrelationships is illustrated. Finally, the possible application of optimal control theory to endocrine regulation and control is illustrated by means of a naive and highly simplified example involving control of the thyroid gland by the pituitary gland, and several surprising and interesting implications are shown to be implicit in the resulting control structure.
Student Expectations About Affective Correlates of Academic Goal Setting

AbstractWe studied “affective expectations” that may influence students’ willingness or unwillingness to study. Detailed expectations were elicited by having students imagine moods and appraisals at several stages of pursuing hypothetical classroom goals that differed in specificity and difficulty. They expected affective benefits much more than they expected affective penalties of goal setting; goal specificity, for example, reduced perceived coercion-distrust and improved mood before and after grade outcomes. Interactions suggested especially negative affect with easy/indefinite goals and stronger effects of goal characteristics in earlier phases of goal pursuit. Students also expected goal setting to increase importance of the goal and commitment to it. We concluded that students’ expectations of affective consequences should support rather than disrupt beneficial effects of goal setting on performance.
Wetting transition of water on graphite: Monte Carlo simulations

We report evidence observed from molecular simulations for the first-order wetting transition of water on a solid surface. Based on the empirical potentials of SPC/E for water, the 10-4-3 van der Waals model, and a recently developed induction and multipolar potential for water and graphite, we show through a series of Monte Carlo simulations that the first-order wetting transition of water on graphite occurs at $475--480\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and the prewetting critical temperature lies in the range $505--510\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The calculated wetting transition temperature agrees quantitatively with that predicted previously using a simple model.
Using address histories in health research: challenges and recommendations for research

Longitudinal address histories are underutilized in Health GIS research; we describe some of the challenges limiting use of these data. We make suggestions for research efforts that can help other researchers access the information contained within address histories.
Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm in Meshes with Solid Faults

A fault-tolerant routing method that can tolerate solid faults using only two virtual channels is presented. The proposed routing algorithm, called FT-Ecube, not only uses a fewer number of virtual channels but also tolerates f-chains in the meshes. Furthermore, the proposed scheme misroutes messages both clockwise and counter clockwise directions to reduce channel contention on f-rings. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is deadlock-free and livelock-free in meshes when it has nonoverlapping multiple f-regions. Further, we conducted flit-level simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed routing algorithm. As our simulation results show, FT-Ecube tolerates multiple faulty blocks using only two virtual channels per physical channel, and has good performance in terms of average latency.
Enduring Rivalries and Territorial Disputes, 1950-1990

In this paper a set of hypotheses about the conditions under which territorial disputes evolve into enduring rivalries are tested against a dataset of 129 territorial disputes in the international system from 1950-1990. During this period only 36 territorial disputes developed into enduring rivalries. The central theoretical question I address is what conditions cause foreign policy leaders to adopt non-violent and more flexible diplomatic policies over disputed territory and, conversely, when will leaders pursue territorial claims in a more aggressive and confrontational manner? To answer this question I utilize a modified realist approach which posits that foreign policy choices are shaped by the domestic political goal of state leaders to retain their position of political power. From this theoretical approach a series of hypotheses focusing on the issues at stake in control of disputed territory, the domestic political context, and the international political-military environment of challenger states ...
A three-year study of obesity and its relationship to high blood pressure in adolescents.

: A sample of 356 matched cases were tracked for three years during high school. Measures taken included self-reported behavior and clinical measures of height, weight, skinfold, blood pressure, and body mass index. Data were analyzed by ethnic group, age, and sex groups. Three year (1981–1982 to 1984–1985) trends for students who were overfat, overweight, and obese revealed: a relatively greater proportion of female to male students were overfat as seniors; overweight trends for each of the four groups (ethnic group and gender) were stable over the study period; a sharp increase of obesity trends among black females was observed; and significant positive relationships existed between Percent Ideal Body Weight, skinfold thickness. Body Mass Index, and blood pressure among females of both ethnic groups. The hypothesis that the early onset of obesity is an indicator of obesity in older adolescents was supported. Students classified at risk as freshmen are more likely to remain at risk as seniors.
Polyribosomes from Peas: VI. Auxin-stimulated Recruitment of Free Monosomes into Membrane-bound Polysomes

Auxin treatment of aged pea stems (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) caused a decrease in monosomes (especially free monosomes) and an increase in polysomes (especially membrane-bound polysomes). These effects were not duplicated by gibberellic acid or benzyladenine. These auxin-stimulated shifts in polysome distribution commenced at least 9 hours before significant growth took place. It is suggested that this auxin-stimulated incorporation of free monosomes into membrane-bound polysomes might involve increased utilization (through activation or synthesis) of messenger RNA(s) acting as template(s) for synthesis of secretable enzyme(s) involved in growth.
Effect of censoring on adjusting for covariates in comparison of survival times

The increase in the variance of the estimate of treatment effect which results from omitting a dichotomous or continuous covariate is quantified as a function of censoring. The efficiency of not adjusting for a covariate is measured by the ratio of the variance obtained with and without adjustment for the covariate. The variance is derived using the Weibull proportional hazards model. Under random censoring, the efficiency of not adjusting for a continuous covariate is an increasing function of the percentage of censored observations.
Silibinin upregulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells.

Silibinin upregulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells
Electrical and magnetic studies on some new organic conductors made with tetratellurafulvalene (TTeF)

Abstract Experimental conditions for the growth of acicular crystals with the new organic donor tetratellurafulvalene (TTeF) are reported. dc Conductivity studies down to 77 K displayed metallic behavior for the tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) compound and an activated behavior for the perchlorate (ClO4). Microwave conductivity studies showed the TCNQ compound to still be highly conducting at 5 K. EPR studies down to 8 K were performed on the TCNQ salt but no measurable resonances were recorded. Preliminary x-ray scattering studies on the TCNQ compound indicate a segregated stack structure. The magnetic susceptibility of TTeF-TCNQ was measured and the charge transfer for the TCNQ salt was calculated from infrared spectroscopy.
Needed Sociological Research on the De-Escalation of Wars

This paper raises a series of questions regarding the de-escalation of wars. It distinguishes between three types of groups that engage in wars: (a) states, (b) insurgents, and (c) peoples, and suggests that wars between different combinations of these three groups follow different patterns of de-escalation. It raises questions regarding the dynamics of de-escalation processes, the roles of different participants, and various types of de-escalation formulae. It concludes with a discussion of special data-gathering problems involved in studying the de-escalation of wars.
Imine (NH) detected by laser magnetic resonance

Abstract The N = 1 → 0 rotational spectrum of the free NH radical in its ground 3 Σ − state has been measured with an optically-pumped laser magnetic resonance spectrometer, operating at wavelengths near 0.3 mm. The hyperfine structure constants b N = −17.3 ± 1 MHz, c N = 107.4 ± 6 MHz, b H = 15.9 ± 1 MHz and c H = 150.8 ± 8 MHz are derived from the spectrum.
Extension and applications of flux-vector splitting to unsteady calculations on dynamic meshes

The Van Leer method of flux-vector splitting for the Euler equations is extended for use on moving meshes and all the properties of the original splittings are maintained. The solution is advanced in time with an implicit, approximately factored algorithm. The use of multiple grids to reduce the computer time is investigated. A substantial reduction in computer time to resolve a pitching cycle is easily obtained with virtually no loss in accuracy. A subiterative procedure to eliminate factorization and linearization errors so that larger time steps can be used is also investigated. Subsequent computations show good agreement with experimental data for transonic and supersonic airfoils and wings undergoing forced pitching oscillation.
SPATIAL MISMATCH OF THE POOR: AN EXPLANATION OF RECENT DECLINES IN JOB ISOLATION

Despite years of spatial mismatch hypothesis research, the poor’s access to jobs is not well understood. This article provides a detailed analysis of the distributional imbalance between the reside...
Strategies of self-regulation in goal attainment versus goal maintenance

We propose that there exists an important difference between attainment and maintenance in terms of the goal pursuit strategies for which they call. Specifically, we propose that goal attainment calls for the use of eager approach strategies, whereas goal maintenance calls for the use of vigilant avoidance strategies. We distinguish between attainment versus maintenance as two different goal pursuit conditions on the one hand, and promotion versus prevention focus as two different self-regulatory concerns on the other hand. We then use insights from Regulatory Fit Theory to make predictions concerning the interactive effects of these two motivational dimensions on outcome valuations. Consistent with our proposal about attainment and maintenance, we found that participants in a promotion focus valued the outcome of an attainment task more than did participants in a prevention focus, whereas the opposite was true for a maintenance task. Implications for maintenance-related phenomena such as belief perseverance effects are subsequently discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inpatient Health Care Utilization by Children and Adolescents With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Kidney Involvement

Objective To evaluate inpatient health care utilization for children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with and without kidney disease.
Principles of Pediatric Decontamination

Although the principles of pediatric decontamination are similar as those for adults, the actual practice is much more challenging. The unique needs and vulnerabilities of children will require health care personnel to be sensitive to developmental stages of the victims and physiological hazards during decontamination. Unless medically indicated, families should undergo decontamination together. This article provides an overview of the need for decontamination and the process of decontamination for hospitals. Practical guidance on decontamination methods for children of different ages is presented. Recommendations for training and communication during decontamination are also reviewed.
CYCLOHEXENE DISPROPORTIONATION OVER TELLURIUM LOADED ZEOLITES

The reaction of cyclohexene over tellurium loaded NaX zeolite has been studied kinetically and new reaction pathways have been developed to explain observed phenomena. The reaction of cyclohexene is believed to involve extensive disproportionation of cyclohexene molecules and hydrogen transfer between cyclohexene and intermediate cyclohexadiene molecules. The kinetics of the system is discussed in terms of adsorption based rate models.
Levels of Trauma Among Women Inmates with HIV Risk and Alcohol Use Disorders: Behavioral and Emotional Impacts

SUMMARY An increasing number of women are involved in the criminal justice system. Women in corrections are often of low socio-economic status, medically underserved and exposed to a variety of traumatic events. Programs and services provided in correctional settings should be informed by the unique profiles and needs of these women. This study sought to identify distinct sub-groups (classes) of incarcerated women based on differences in their qualitative (types of trauma) and quantitative (number of) trauma experiences. Demographics, psychosocial and behavioral characteristics were measured in 149 women entering jail, who reported recent hazardous drinking and HIV sexual risk behavior. Two classes based on trauma exposure of women were identified through latent class analysis. The classes did not differ with respect to qualitative differences in trauma exposure (both classes reported all forms of trauma), but did differ with respect to quantitative differences (Class 2 reported more exposure to trauma in...
Mothering in a foreign land

The process of becoming a mother in an adopted land presents unique challenges in identity formation of immigrant mothers. The bidirectional influence of the mother's own transformation and that of the larger family system has significant implications for child development. This article addresses the ways in which cultural displacement has an impact on the dilemmas of motherhood, as evident in adaptation to the immigration process, changing conceptions of gender roles and attachment, bicultural conflicts, and changing family structure and social network. Mothers' attempts to integrate the old and the new cultural frameworks are explored, particularly in the context of psychotherapy. Clinical cases are discussed to illustrate the intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts faced by immigrant mothers.
The temporal relationship between behavioral and hematological effects of inhaled benzene

Abstract The time-effect relationship of the behavioral and hematological changes caused by inhaled benzene was investigated in C57BL mice. Mice were exposed to air, or 100, 300, 1000, or 3000 ppm benzene in standard inhalation chambers employing dynamic vapor exposure techniques. Mice were exposed for 6 hr/day for the number of days necessary to achieve a minimum concentration × time (Ct) product of 3000 ppm-days. The intermittent exposure regimen of 6 hr/day was employed to simulate occupational exposure. The most sensitive behavioral index (milk-licking) was affected by the lowest concentration tested (100 ppm), while homecage food intake, hindlimb grip strength, and body weight were reduced only at 1000 and 3000 ppm. Some of these previously undocumented behavioral changes occurred as rapidly as hematological changes that have been considered hallmarks of benzene toxicity. A significant decrease in circulating lymphocytes occurred after exposure to all concentrations. Circulating red blood cells were variably affected by benzene, in that anemia resulted after 10 days exposure to 100 ppm and after 3 days exposure to 300 ppm but not after 3 days exposure to 1000 ppm or a single exposure of 3000 ppm. The data indicate a departure from Ct relationships, and suggest that exposure duration as well as daily dose may be an important factor in benzene toxicity.
Social-Networks Connect Services

New services such as Facebook Platform, Google Friend Connect, and MySpacelD let third-party sites develop social applications without having to build their own social network. These social-networks connect services increase access to and enrich user data in the Social Web, although they also present several security and privacy challenges.
Isolation and characterization of a spacerless dinucleosome from Hl-depleted chromatin

Calf thymus chromatin, depleted in histone H1, was digested with micrococcal nuclease and fractionated by column chromatography. 140 base pair nucleosome core particles were isolated along with an unusual particle containing 2 histone octamers and 240 base pairs of DNA. Evidence is presented that the spacer DNA region is absent from these modified dinucleosomes, which appear as stable products of the digestion process. The physical properties of both particles are presented along with brief speculation on their possible origin and function.
Cathodic materials for lithium-ion batteries based on spinels Li x Mn2−y Me y O4: Synthesis, phase composition, and structure of Li x Mn2−y Cr y O4 at x = 1.0−1.2 and y = 0−0.5

Extralithiated chromium-doped finely divided lithium-manganese spinels are synthesized as a result of a two-step solid-phase process with use made of the fusion-saturation method. The spinels are intended for application as cathodic materials in lithium-ion batteries. The phase composition and structural characteristics of samples of cathodic materials of the type Li x Mn2−y Cr y O4 are studied. The samples with x = 1.0−1.2 and y = 0−0.5 are characterized by phase purity and cubic syngony with parameter a = 0.817−0.823 nm and a disperseness equal to 1–2 nm. The maximum content of chromium and lithium in Li x Mn2−y Cr y O4 that does not lead to violation of cubic syngony is determined. Lithium excess in the cathodic material that does not exceed 0.2 formula units may be used for compensating the irreversible capacity. Replacing some manganese atoms by chromium may facilitate retention of the structures’s integrity in the course of cycling.
Simultaneous monoamine histofluorescence and neuropeptide immunocytochemistry: V. A methodology for examining correlative monoamine-neuropeptide neuroanatomy

Abstract A technique for the simultaneous visualization of monoamines and neuropeptides is described. This technique provides for the correlative examination of monoamine and neuropeptide interrelationships either simultaneously using two adjacent sections of freeze-dried tissue or sequentially using a single freeze-dried tissue section for both histofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. Both techniques provide for the investigation of precise anatomical interrelationships and used together provide confirmation and complementary information concerning neuropeptide-monoaraine interactions. Histological comparisons between freeze-dried and Bouin's fixed tissue revealed three differences: First, the cytoplasm of neurons in freeze-dried tissue retained a reticulated appearance; secondly, neurons in freeze-dried tissue demonstrated a greater affinity for chemical stains; and thirdly, tissue fixed in Bouin's solution appeared shrunken when compared to tissue which had been freeze-dried. Application of immunocytochemistry to freeze-dried tissue proved successful with all antisera tested and the quality of the immunostaining was similar in both freeze-dried and Bouin's fixed tissue. These observations suggest that freeze-drying fixation provides a suitable tissue preparation for immunocytochemistry and a technical means for coupling immunocytochemical staining of neuropeptides and fluorescence histochemical methods for monoamines in a single tissue block.
CONDITION DATA AND BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Automated systems for managing bridge maintenance require information on current and future needs for maintenance and repair actions. This information is often provided indirectly by condition ratings for bridge elements, which are assigned during routine bridge inspections. These ratings indicate the relative health of elements, but usually do not indicate specific types of deterioration or actions needed. Quantitative information on endurance of actions is rarely available at present, but is needed for the rational cost-benefit analysis of maintenance programmes. Condition ratings must be defined to correspond to specific maintenance actions, so that these ratings, and changes in them, can indicate necessary actions and their endurance. 'New condition states' are defined as stages of service life, and models of them offer advantages in models of deterioration. This paper discusses new condition states, notes the correspondence between them and contemporary condition ratings in US practice. It also outlines the use of field testing to identify condition states, reviews deterioration modelling for condition states, and indicates a procedure for segmental inspection to capture quantities and locations of conditions.
Multilevel Factors Influencing Maternal Stress during the First Three Years

This prospective study applies family stress theory to the influence of personal, child, and familial factors on a mother's parenting stress during the first 3 years of her infant's life. Participants included 134 mothers and their infants at ages 1, 6, 15, 24, and 36 months from one site of a multisite, longitudinal study. Mother's personality was most predictive of parenting stress cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Intimacy with partner reduced parenting stress early in the infant's life and at 36 months, whereas general social support was more important in the second year. Child temperament was influential at 1 and 36 months. Counterintuitively, mothers who were more satisfied with work or school choices were more likely to be chronically stressed. Implications are discussed.
Teaching and Assessment Methods in Undergraduate Economics: A Fourth National Quinquennial Survey

Surveys in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 investigated teaching and assessment methods in different undergraduate courses. In this article, the authors offer basic results from the 2010 survey. “Chalk and talk” remains the dominant teaching style, but there were drops in mean (although not median) values for those pedagogies and some growth in the use of other methods, including class discussion and computer-generated displays. More instructors provided students with problem sets and class notes, and computer lab assignments were increasingly common in econometrics and statistics courses. Experiments are occasionally used in introductory courses but almost never used in other courses. Calculus is not viewed as important by a majority of instructors in any courses but is considered more important in intermediate theory and statistics and econometrics courses.
37 Acute Serum Sickness in Renal Transplant: A Case Series

ACUTE SERUM SICKNESS IN RENAL TRANSPLANT: A CASE SERIES Prasad Bichu, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. Case 1: 21 y/o white male underwent Cadaveric Renal Transplant (CRT). Immunosuppression was with 3 doses of Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) over 3days post-transplant, Mycophenolate, steroid and Tacrolimus. He received Pentamidine for PCP prophylaxis which caused mild allergic reactive airway disease. Despite excellent graft function, two weeks later patient developed generalized body pain, headache, fever and progressive polyarthralgia. Physical exam was positive for tender and inflamed joints. Case 2: 31 y/o female underwent second living related renal transplant (LRT) from her sister. Immunosuppression was with 3 doses of ATG over 3 days posttransplant, Mycophenolate, steroid and Tacrolimus. Patient received Valcyte and Dapsone (Bactrim allergy) for CMV and PCP prophylaxis. Two weeks post-transplant she developed pain while raising her upper extremities and opening her TM joints. These symptoms resolved with increasing prednisone to 0.5mg/kg/day. Both the above patients had leukocytosis, polyarthralgia and joint aspirate was negative for infective etiology. ANA, RF, and anti-CCP were negative but antibodies against the ATG (ATG-Ab) were positive in both cases. Response to the increased prednisone dose was excellent with complete resolution of symptoms. About 10% of transplant patients who develop fever, leukocytosis and arthralgia have Serum Sickness due to ATG induction. It is therefore important to have a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis and effective management of this condition. Transplant Immunosuppression Symptoms ATG-Ab
Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites from Thermally Stable Trialkylimidazolium-Treated Montmorillonite

The limited thermal stability of alkylammonium cations intercalated into smectite minerals (e.g., montmorillonite, MMT) and the processing instability of some polymers [polyamide-6 (PA-6) and polystyrene (PS)] in the presence of nanodispersed MMT have motivated the development of improved organophillic treatments for layered silicates. Success in this regard should enable the preparation of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites from thermoplastic polymers that require high melt-processing temperatures or long residence times under high shear and from thermoset resins with high cure temperatures. Our efforts to address some of these issues focus on the use of new thermally stable imidazolium-treated layered silicates for the preparation of nanocomposites. Several trialkylimidazolium salt derivatives were prepared with propyl, butyl, decyl, and hexadecyl alkyl chains attached to the imidazolium through one of the nitrogens. These imidazolium salts were used to prepare the corresponding treated layered sil...
Cooperation: Japan's new watchword? (software industry)

As Japan attempts to keep pace with developments in the changing world of high technology and computer science, its government and industry leaders are moving on several fronts simultaneously. Efforts underway in several industries to improve coordination and cooperation between the public and private sector, as well as with foreign entities, are described. The industries include the ASIC chip, digital compact cassette and minidisc, construction, ISDN, and computer industries. >
Exotic collider signals from the complete phase diagram of minimal universal extra dimensions

Minimal universal extra dimensions (mUED) is often thought to predict that the lightest Kaluza-Klein particle (LKP) is the Kaluza-Klein gauge boson B{sup 1}, leading to conventional missing energy signals at colliders and weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter. In fact, the implications of mUED are far richer: the B{sup 1}, charged Higgs boson H{sup {+-}}{sup 1}, and graviton G{sup 1} are all possible LKPs, leading to many different phases with distinct signatures. Considering the complete phase diagram, we find predictions for charged or neutral particles with decay lengths of microns to tens of meters; WIMP, superWIMP, or charged relic particles; metastable particles with lifetimes of the order of or in excess of the age of the Universe; and scenarios combining two or more of these phenomena. In the cosmologically preferred region, the Higgs boson mass is between 180 and 245 GeV, the LKP mass is between 810 and 1400 GeV, and the maximal splitting between first Kaluza-Klein modes is less than 320 GeV. This region predicts a variety of exotic collider signals, such as slow charged particles, displaced vertices, tracks with nonvanishing impact parameters, track kinks, and even vanishing charged tracks, all of which provide early discovery possibilities atmore » the Large Hadron Collider.« less
Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: DiGeorge Syndrome/Velocardiofacial Syndrome

DiGeorge syndrome, or chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is a disorder affecting multiple organ systems. The immunologist may be called on to coordinate complex medical care tailored to the specific needs and unique clinical features of each patient. This article focuses on the immune system, but patients require a holistic approach. Attention to cardiac, nutritional, and developmental needs in early infancy is important, and it is critical to identify the rare infants who require either a lymphocyte or thymus transplant. Later, speech and school issues dominate the picture. Allergies and autoimmune disorders also may be troubling for some school-age children.
Histone acetylation during early stages of sea urchin (arbacia punctulata) development

Abstract A correlation has been found between histone acetylation and gene activation at the time of gastrulation in the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata. Between the blastula and gastrula stages, there is a 2.5-fold increase in the rate of acetylation of a histone fraction consisting of slightly lysine-rich and argininerich components, with a marked decrease in the fully differentiated pluteus stage. This pre-gastrular increase in histone acetylation is not correlated with (1) a decrease in the rate of histone deacetylation; (2) a decrease in acetyl coenzyme A pool size; (3) an increase in acetate uptake; (4) histone synthesis. The results thus suggest that increased histone acetylation may be at least one preparative factor for the activation of new genes at gastrulation.
Type of suspended clay influences lake productivity and phytoplankton community response to phosphorus loading

The effects on phytoplankton and limnetics of two different types of suspended sediments and their interactions with P loading were tested in a small North Carolina Piedmont lake. Limnocorrals were used in a complete, triplicated six-treatment, blocked design. Treatments were loaded with P, kaolinitic clay (K), K+P, montmorillonitic clay (M), and M+P. A4 caused more turbidity and stayed in suspension longer than K. Consequently, the light-dependent parameters, net community productivity (NCP), chlorophyll concentration, and algal density were lowest in the M and highest in the P treatment. Combined P and clay loading promoted clearing for both sediments and mitigated their effects on algal densities and NCP. Flagellated algae and nonfilamentous cyanophytes dominated the control community. The P treatment had blooms ofAnabaena. Without fertilization, both clays resulted in sparse, flagellate-dominated communities. The M+P community, like that of the P treatment, was dominated by Anabaena, but total algal densities were suppressed. In contrast, the K-t-P community lacked Anabaena and was similar to the control in algal quantity and composition. Various mineral substances cause turbidity in lakes, including clays of distinct mineralogies from eroding soils, resuspended bottom sediments, glacial flours, and calcite precipitates. It is unlikely that such a heterogeneous array could exert uniform influences on lacustrine systems. Differential composition of suspensions may be a source of some of the conflict among investigators’ of the effects of mineral turbidity. Some studies show mineral turbidity to favor flagellated algae at the expense of filamentous blue-greens (Hergenrader and Hammer 1971; Avnimelech et al. 1982; Cuker 1987), yet other contrasting reports link blooms of these filamentous blue-greens to loading with suspended clays (Carriker and Taylor 1984; Hart 1987). The effects of mineral turbidity
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases: Dynamic history of protein family evolution.

The acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) are enzymes that catalyze the α,β-dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA esters in fatty acid and amino acid catabolism. Eleven ACADs are now recognized in the sequenced human genome, and several homologs have been reported from bacteria, fungi, plants, and nematodes. We performed a systematic comparative genomic study, integrating homology searches with methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, to investigate the evolutionary history of this family. Sequence analyses indicate origin of the family in the common ancestor of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota, illustrating its essential role in the metabolism of early life. At least three ACADs were already present at that time: ancestral glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCD), isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD), and ACAD10/11. Two gene duplications were unique to the eukaryotic domain: one resulted in the VLCAD and ACAD9 paralogs and another in the ACAD10 and ACAD11 paralogs. The overall patchy distribution of specific ACADs across the tree of life is the result of dynamic evolution that includes numerous rounds of gene duplication and secondary losses, interdomain lateral gene transfer events, alteration of cellular localization, and evolution of novel proteins by domain acquisition. Our finding that eukaryotic ACAD species are more closely related to bacterial ACADs is consistent with endosymbiotic origin of ACADs in eukaryotes and further supported by the localization of all nine previously studied ACADs in mitochondria.
Randomized data selection in detection with applications to distributed signal processing

Performing robust detection with resource limitations such as low-power requirements or limited communication bandwidth is becoming increasingly important in contexts involving distributed signal processing. One way to address these constraints consists of reducing the amount of data used by the detection algorithms. Intelligent data selection in detection can be highly dependent on a priori information about the signal and noise. In this paper, we explore detection strategies based on randomized data selection and analyze the resulting algorithms' performance. Randomized data selection is a viable approach in the absence of reliable and detailed a priori information, and it provides a reasonable lower bound on signal processing performance as more a priori information is incorporated. The randomized selection procedure has the added benefits of simple implementation in a distributed environment and limited communication overhead. As an example of detection algorithms based upon randomized selection, we analyze a binary hypothesis testing problem, and determine several useful properties of detectors derived from the likelihood ratio test. Additionally, we suggest an adaptive detector that accounts for fluctuations in the selected data subset. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach in distributed sensor networks applications are also discussed.
Biokinetic Parameter Estimation for ISB of PAH-Contaminated Soil

In situ bioremediation (ISB) has been shown to be an effective and cost-efficient method for remediating contaminated ground water and soil. One of the major disadvantages associated with this process is the lack of available kinetic information. The viability of respirometry to determine the relevant biokinetic parameters for degradation of contaminants in groundwater has been proven; however, little work has been done using soil systems. This work investigated the applicability of using respirometer data to determine the biokinetic parameters for soil systems. The specific soil investigated was contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which contain 16 EPA priority pollutants. The work also investigated a logarithmic growth and modified Lineweaver-Burke approach for experimentally determining the maximum specific growth rate from batch degradation data. As expected, this research concluded that determining all biokinetic parameters from respirometer data was not a viable method for soil systems. Obtaining the maximum specific growth rate from batch degradation data provided more accurate results.
Quantum Adiabatic Optimization and Combinatorial Landscapes

In this paper we analyze the performance of the Quantum Adiabatic Evolution (QAE) algorithm on a variant of Satisfiability problem for an ensemble of random graphs parametrized by the ratio of clauses to variables, gamma = M / N. We introduce a set of macroscopic parameters (landscapes) and put forward an ansatz of universality for random bit flips. We then formulate the problem of finding the smallest eigenvalue and the excitation gap as a statistical mechanics problem. We use the so-called annealing approximation with a refinement that a finite set of macroscopic variables (verses only energy) is used, and are able to show the existence of a dynamic threshold gamma = gammad, beyond which QAE should take an exponentially long time to find a solution. We compare the results for extended and simplified sets of landscapes and provide numerical evidence in support of our universality ansatz.
Intestinal GUCY2C Prevents TGF-β Secretion Coordinating Desmoplasia and Hyperproliferation in Colorectal Cancer

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process that reflects intimate reciprocal interactions between epithelia and underlying stroma. However, tumor-initiating mechanisms coordinating transformation of both epithelial and stromal components are not defined. In humans and mice, initiation of colorectal cancer is universally associated with loss of guanylin and uroguanylin, the endogenous ligands for the tumor suppressor guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), disrupting a network of homeostatic mechanisms along the crypt-surface axis. Here, we reveal that silencing GUCY2C in human colon cancer cells increases Akt-dependent TGF-β secretion, activating fibroblasts through TGF-β type I receptors and Smad3 phosphorylation. In turn, activating TGF-β signaling induces fibroblasts to secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), reciprocally driving colon cancer cell proliferation through cMET-dependent signaling. Elimination of GUCY2C signaling in mice (Gucy2c(-/-)) produces intestinal desmoplasia, with increased reactive myofibroblasts, which is suppressed by anti-TGF-β antibodies or genetic silencing of Akt. Thus, GUCY2C coordinates intestinal epithelial-mesenchymal homeostasis through reciprocal paracrine circuits mediated by TGF-β and HGF. In that context, GUCY2C signaling constitutes a direct link between the initiation of colorectal cancer and the induction of its associated desmoplastic stromal niche. The recent regulatory approval of oral GUCY2C ligands to treat chronic gastrointestinal disorders underscores the potential therapeutic opportunity for oral GUCY2C hormone replacement to prevent remodeling of the microenvironment essential for colorectal tumorigenesis.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Use by Independently Living Adults with Major Disabling Conditions

Data from an 18-month prospective study of 205 adults with major disabling conditions revealed that there is a positive but not statistically significant association (p<. 10) between respondents' scores on a scale which measures both numbers and amounts of substances (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) used and bed disability days. There are also nonsignificant positive relationships between scale scores and five of six measures of utilization of medical care.
KENDALL SQUARE MULTIPROCESSOR: EARLY EXPERIENCES AND PERFORMANCE

Initial performance results and early experiences are reported for the Kendall Square Research multiprocessor. The basic architecture of the shared-memory multiprocessor is described, and computational and I/O performance is measured for both serial and parallel programs. Experiences in porting various applications are described.
The paraconsistent logic Z. A possible solution to Jaśkowski’s problem

We present a paraconsistent logic, called Z, based on an intuitive possible worlds semantics, in which the replacement theorem holds. We show how to axiomatize this logic and prove the completeness theorem.
A randomized kinematics-based approach to pharmacophore-constrained conformational search and database screening

Computational tools have greatly expedited the pharmaceutical drug design process in recent years. One common task in this process is the search of a large library for small molecules that can achieve both a low-energy conformation and a prescribed pharmacophore. The pharmacophore expresses constraints on the 3D structure of the molecule by specifying relative atom positions that should be maintained to increase the likelihood that the molecule will bind with the receptor site. This article presents a pharmacophore-based database screening system that has been designed, implemented, and tested on a molecular database. The primary focus of this article is on a simple, randomized conformational search technique that attempts to simultaneously reduce energy and maintain pharmacophore constraints. This enables the identification of molecules in a database that are likely to dock with a given protein, which can serve as a powerful aid in the search for better drug candidates. c 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 731-747, 2000
Differences in Virulence and Sporulation of Phytophthora kernoviae Isolates Originating From Two Distinct Geographical Regions

Phytophthora kernoviae has only been isolated from the United Kingdom and New Zealand. To understand what differences may exist between isolates from these two distinct geographical regions, virule...
Ontology-Based Multilabel Text Classification of Construction Regulatory Documents

AbstractIn order to fully automate the environmental regulatory compliance checking process, rules should be automatically extracted from applicable environmental regulatory textual documents, such as energy conservation codes. In the authors’ automated compliance checking (ACC) approach, prior to rule extraction, the text is first classified into predefined categories to only retrieve relevant clauses and filter out irrelevant ones, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of rule extraction. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been commonly used for text classification (TC). Nonontology-based, ML-based TC has, generally, performed well. However, given the need for an exceptionally high performance in TC to support high performance in ACC, further TC performance improvement is needed. To address this need, an ontology-based TC algorithm is proposed to further improve the classification performance by utilizing the semantic features of the text. A domain ontology for conceptualizing the environment...