cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
79. DEMYSTIFYING COMPLEX CARE: DEVELOPMENT OF ENTRUSTABLE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN PEDIATRIC COMPLEX CARE

Background Care of medically complex children, commonly managed by general pediatricians in hospital and community settings, involves unique knowledge, skills and attitudes. Currently, there are no established competency frameworks for training physicians in these specific elements of care. Previous work identified curricular priorities in complex care for pediatricians. Applying the framework of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) to provide rich description for concrete clinical activities and practical skills in complex care can help guide educators and trainees. Objective To develop EPAs focused on the care of children with medical complexity. Design/Methods Utilizing an established approach for developing EPAs, we created a template with guidelines for elaborating EPA elements and mapping to the pediatric competencies/milestones framework. We recruited small teams of complex care clinicians with content expertise via an international listserv and complex care special interest groups to further develop these EPAs and map to existing pediatric competency frameworks. Drafts were reviewed and refined by key stakeholders including medical educators, complex care clinicians, trainees, and patient families. Results Content experts developed five complex care EPAs with an additional six in progress (Table 1). Each EPA includes rich description and explicit delineation of activity-specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for attaining competency. In addition, we mapped completed EPAs to 15 of the 21 (71%) core pediatric milestones that are reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Each completed complex care EPA aligned with 1-2 of the General Pediatric EPAs (Table 2). Conclusion Development of EPAs in the care of children with medical complexity expands upon existing pediatric competency frameworks. This work can guide educators and trainees in curriculum development and training activities essential to attaining competence to care for this growing population.
5-Fluorouracil Enhances the Antitumor Activity of the Glutaminase Inhibitor CB-839 against PIK3CA-Mutant Colorectal Cancers

PIK3CA encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K and is frequently mutated in human cancers, including ∼30% of colorectal cancer. Oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA render colorectal cancers more dependent on glutamine. Here we report that the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 preferentially inhibits xenograft growth of PIK3CA-mutant, but not wild-type (WT), colorectal cancers. Moreover, the combination of CB-839 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induces PIK3CA-mutant tumor regression in xenograft models. CB-839 treatment increased reactive oxygen species and caused nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which in turn upregulated mRNA expression of uridine phosphorylase 1 (UPP1). UPP1 facilitated the conversion of 5-FU to its active compound, thereby enhancing the inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Consistently, knockout of UPP1 abrogated the tumor inhibitory effect of combined CB-839 and 5-FU administration. A phase I clinical trial showed that the combination of CB-839 and capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-FU, was well tolerated at biologically-active doses. Although not designed to test efficacy, an exploratory analysis of the phase I data showed a trend that PIK3CA-mutant patients with colorectal cancer might derive greater benefit from this treatment strategy as compared with PIK3CA WT patients with colorectal cancer. These results effectively demonstrate that targeting glutamine metabolism may be an effective approach for treating patients with PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancers and warrants further clinical evaluation. SIGNIFICANCE: Preclinical and clinical trial data suggest that the combination of CB-839 with capecitabine could serve as an effective treatment for PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancers.
A Single Point-in-Time eGFR Is Not Associated with Increased Risk of Dementia in the Elderly

We appreciate the growing interest in unraveling the association between CKD and dementia. Kurella et al. [1][1] report results from the Systolic BP Intervention Trial (SPRINT) on the association of eGFR with cognition and show that a single baseline eGFR is not predictive of mild cognitive
Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidance on the Treatment of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa).

Background Antimicrobial-resistant infections are commonly encountered in US hospitals and result in significant morbidity and mortality. This guidance document provides recommendations for the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa). Methods A panel of 6 infectious diseases specialists with expertise in managing antimicrobial-resistant infections formulated common questions regarding the treatment of ESBL-E, CRE, and DTR-P. aeruginosa infections. Based on review of the published literature and clinical experience, the panel provide recommendations and associated rationale for each recommendation. Because of significant differences in the molecular epidemiology of resistance and the availability of specific anti-infective agents globally, this document focuses on treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections in the United States. Results Approaches to empiric treatment selection, duration of therapy, and other management considerations are briefly discussed. The majority of guidance focuses on preferred and alternative treatment recommendations for antimicrobial-resistant infections, assuming that the causative organism has been identified and antibiotic susceptibility testing results are known. Treatment recommendations apply to both adults and children. Conclusions The field of antimicrobial resistance is dynamic and rapidly evolving, and the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections will continue to challenge clinicians. This guidance document is current as of 17 September 2020. Updates to this guidance document will occur periodically as new data emerge. Furthermore, the panel will expand recommendations to include other problematic gram-negative pathogens in future versions. The most current version of the guidance including the date of publication can be found at www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance/.
Culture and Human Development: Where Did It Go? and Where Is It Going?.

Culture and human development blossomed as a research enterprise in the last quarter of the 20th century; the energy and innovation of that enterprise are less evident now. Where did it go, and where is it going? In this essay, we examine the shifting fields of cross-cultural psychology, psychological anthropology, cultural psychology, indigenous psychology, and the surge of research on Individualism/Collectivism. Offering both academic and personal perspectives, we reflect on the importance of "culture" as a construct, and the value of focusing on individual development in that context. The way forward now, we suggest, is international and intercultural collaboration of scientists. The challenge for training new researchers from diverse backgrounds, however, is to equip them with the knowledge and insights gained from cross-cultural psychology, psychological anthropology, and their own cultures, rather than simply making the next generation of scholars into new representatives of Western theories of development.
Mechanisms of prompt and delayed ignition and combustion of explosively dispersed aluminum powder

A multidimensional numerical study was performed to explore the ignition and combustion mechanisms of an annular aluminum particle shell surrounding a trinitrotoluene (TNT) charge. The model equations consist of a fully compressible reacting gas coupled to a kinetic-theory-based Eulerian granular multiphase model. The parametric study explored the influence of thickness of the Al particle layer, initial Al packing, and diameter of the Al particles. The computed results show ignition and flame structures that are consistent with both delayed and prompt ignition of explosively dispersed reactive powder. In delayed ignition, the Al particles ignite several milliseconds after the dispersal when the particles interact with the surface of the TNT fireball during the negative phase of the blast. The resulting turbulent Al dust flame propagates from the inside toward the outside of the dispersed Al dust cloud. The results show that smaller-diameter Al particles ignite more quickly and propagate through the dispersed dust cloud more rapidly. Paradoxically, larger amounts of smaller Al particles are unburned after the turbulent flame propagates through the dust cloud in comparison to larger-diameter particles. Prompt ignition occurs when the Al particles ignite in the shock-heated air almost immediately as the particles start to disperse. The flame structure for prompt ignition scenarios is a non-premixed dust flame where the fuel and air are mixed by velocity slip between the gas and particles.
The relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque in the Northern Manhattan Study.

Abstract Objective Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque (CP) are proposed biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis associated with stroke risk. Whether cIMT and CP are distinct phenotypes or single traits at different stages of atherosclerotic development is unclear. We explored the relationship between these markers in the population-based Northern Manhattan Study. Methods We used high-resolution ultrasound and validated imaging protocols to study the cross-sectional (N = 1788 stroke-free participants) and prospective relationship (N = 768 with follow-up scan; mean years between examinations = 3.5) between CP and cIMT measured in plaque-free areas. Results The mean age was 66 ± 9 (40% male, 19% black, 17% white, 61% Hispanic). The mean baseline cIMT was 0.92 ± 0.09 mm, 0.94 ± 0.09 mm among the 58% with prevalent plaque, 0.90 ± 0.08 mm among the 42% without prevalent plaque (p 2 , p Conclusion Increased cIMT was associated with baseline prevalent plaque but did not predict incident plaque independent of other vascular risk factors. This finding suggests that increased cIMT is not an independent predictor of plaque development although these atherosclerotic phenotypes often coexist and share some common vascular determinants.
No Longer a Shot in the Dark: Engineering a Robust Environment for Film Study

Representation of film texts for scholars and students has been fraught with difficulties imposed by the very nature of the text. The time-varying image track presented hurdles to close significant challenges to formulation of units of meaning and analysis. The digital environment offers opportunities for addressing these problems. We offer here a model of the film document as a bundle of time-varying signals. We demonstrate using this model to construct a system for close analysis of film texts, including precise measurement of attributes. Finally, we consider some consequence for the pedagogical environment.
Measure-Specific DEA Models

Although DEA does not need a priori information on the underlying functional forms and weights among various input and output measures, it assumes proportional improvements of inputs or outputs. This assumption becomes invalid when a preference structure over the improvement of different inputs (outputs) is present in evaluating (inefficient) DMUs (see also Chap. 7). We need models where a particular set of performance measures is given pre-emptive priority to improve.
Overview of novel loss-mitigating schemes for high-frequency-link inverters with application potential for photovoltaics, wind, fuel cell, energy storage, and EV/HEV

Recently, several new loss-mitigating modulation strategies have been developed for high-frequency-link (HFL) inverters, which demonstrate capability for high efficiency and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in spite of the fact that, the HFL inverter operates without any intermediate dc-link filter. An overview of these technologies and mechanisms and their performance evaluation have been provided in this paper. The compactness, direct power conversion (DPC), and dc-link-filter-less solution (hence high reliability) of the HFL inverters make them suitable candidates for renewable and alternative energy applications for smart grids and smart microgrids including photovoltaics, wind, fuel cell, energy storage as well as for battery-vehicle (e.g. EV/HEV/PHEV) applications.
Simulating Plasma Turbulence in Tokamaks

A challenging and fundamental research problem is the better understanding and control of the turbulent transport of heat in present-day tokamak fusion experiments. Recent developments in numerical methods along with enormous gains in computing power have made large-scale simulations an important tool for improving our understanding of this phenomena. Simulating this highly non-linear behavior requires solving for the perturbations of the phase space distribution function in five dimensions. We use a particle-in-cell approach to solve the equations. The code has been parallelized for a variety of architectures (C90, CM-5, T3D) using a 1-D domain decomposition along the toroidal axis, for which the number of particles in each cell remains approximately constant. The quasi-uniform distribution of particles, which minimizes load imbalance, coupled with the relatively small movement of particles across cells, which minimizes communications, makes this problem ideally suited to massively parallel architectures. We present the performance of the program for different numbers of processors and problem sizes. In addition, we discuss some recent scientific results obtained from the code.
First-class structures for standard ML

Standard ML is a statically typed programming language that is suited for the construction of both small and large programs. "Programming in the small" is captured by Standard ML's Core language. "Programming in the large" is captured by Standard ML's Modules language that provides constructs for organising related Core language definitions into self-contained modules with descriptive interfaces. While the Core is used to express details of algorithms and data structures, Modules is used to express the overall architecture of a software system. The Modules and Core languages are stratified in the sense that modules may not be manipulated as ordinary values of the Core. This is a limitation, since it means that the architecture of a program cannot be reconfigured according to run-time demands. We propose a novel and practical extension of the language that allows modules to be manipulated as first-class values of the Core language.
Flock by leader: a novel machine learning biologically inspired clustering algorithm

In the April 2010 Nature research report, it was announced that biological physicists only very recently discovered that there exists a leadership pattern in flocks of pigeon birds. The most authoritative birds of the pigeons' flock take the lead, and followers follow the leaders' directions. Pigeon leaders' roles vary over time. Following this unprecedented discovery made by zoologists at the University of Oxford and Eotvos University, we extend in this paper the flocking model largely used in computer science. We define a new biologically inspired clustering algorithm entitled "FlockbyLeade" that detects hierarchical leaders, discovers their followers, and enables them to flock based on local proximity in an artificial virtual space to create clusters. We offer empirical evidence that the algorithm outperforms both the existing flocking algorithm and the K-means algorithm. We analyze the performance of the algorithm based on widely used datasets in the literature.
Distinct signalling pathways control Toxoplasma egress and host‐cell invasion

Calcium signalling coordinates motility, cell invasion, and egress by apicomplexan parasites, yet the key mediators that transduce these signals remain largely unknown. One underlying assumption is that invasion into and egress from the host cell depend on highly similar systems to initiate motility. Using a chemical-genetic approach to specifically inhibit select calcium-dependent kinases (CDPKs), we instead demonstrate that these pathways are controlled by different kinases: both TgCDPK1 and TgCDPK3 were required during ionophore-induced egress, but only TgCDPK1 was required during invasion. Similarly, microneme secretion, which is necessary for motility during both invasion and egress, universally depended on TgCDPK1, but only exhibited TgCDPK3 dependence when triggered by certain stimuli. We also demonstrate that egress likely comes under a further level of control by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and that its activation can induce egress and partially compensate for the inhibition of TgCDPK3. These results demonstrate that separate signalling pathways are integrated to regulate motility in response to the different signals that promote invasion or egress during infection by Toxoplasma gondii.
Evaluation of pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines as inhibitors of mammalian folylpolyglutamate synthetase.

Abstract The similarity between the reactions catalyzed by folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and glutamine synthetase, as well as the susceptibility of the latter two enzymes to inhibition by methionine sulfoximine, suggest that folic acid derivatives with methionine sulfoximine or its alkyl homologs in place of the glutamate side chain of folate are good candidates to act as enzyme-generated transition state analog inhibitors of the FPGS reaction. Thus, pteroylmethionine sulfoximine, and the homologous S -ethyl-, S -propyl-, and S -butylhomocysteine sulfoximine derivatives were evaluated as inhibitors of FPGS that was partially purified from mouse liver and from mouse L1210 cells. The related compound, pteroyl- S -methylhomocysteine sulfone, which cannot undergo enzyme mediated activation, was also investigated. Unexpectedly, none of these compounds showed significant inhibition of FPGS from these sources under a variety of conditions. These results, taken together with previously established structure-activity correlations, imply that a negative charge at the γ-position of folate analogs may be required for initial binding to FPGS and thus constitutes a prerequisite for activity of potential mechanism-based inhibitors of this enzyme.
Nonlinear Instability in Two Dimensional Ideal Fluids: The Case of a Dominant Eigenvalue

It is proved that any steady 2 dimensional ideal fluid flow is nonlinearly unstable with respect to L2 growth in the velocity, provided there exists an eigenvalue λ for the linearised Euler equation with Reλ>Λ. Here Λ is the maximal Lyapunov exponent of the steady flow.
Streptococcal bacteriophage φ42 has a terminal repetition and a circular permutation

Abstract Bacteriophage φ42 is able to lyse or lysogenize group H streptococcus (strain WE4). φ42 DNA is linear and double stranded, with molecular weight of 25 × 10 6 . The nucleotide sequence is randomly circulatory permuted. Individual molecules have an average terminal repetition approximately 9% of the genome length.
A study in the combination of two consumer credit scores

Credit scores measure the creditworthiness of individuals in a population of interest. In this paper, we employ the concepts of sufficiency and extraneousness to study the conditions under which scoring results can be improved through the combination of individual scores. The concept of sufficiency is used to identify scores that are dominant. Extraneousness is used to determine whether a particular score provides additional useful information relative to other scores. In addition, we employ a profit-based utility measure to evaluate the performance of different scores. We investigate the performance of a regression-based combination of a bureau credit score and an application credit score on a large historical data set. Our results show that the bureau score is dominated by the application score, but the bureau score is not extraneous to the combination. Thus, both scores contribute to the combined score, which indeed outperforms both of the scores upon which it is based.
Intermediary metabolism of L-cysteinesulfinic acid in animal tissues.

Abstract 1. 1. Homogenates and soluble extracts of rat liver mitochondrial acetone powder catalyze the rapid, coupled oxidation of cysteinesulfinate (CSA) and fumarate (or malate) to yield pyruvate, aspartate, and inorganic sulfate, as well as an analogous reaction between CSA and α-ketoglutarate to yield pyruvate, glutamate, and sulfate. In preparations from heart mitochondria the same reactions occur, except that the sulfur moiety of CSA accumulates as sulfite. 2. 2. The reactions above have been shown to involve rapid transaminations of CSA with α-ketoglutarate or oxalacetate. β-Sulfinylpyruvate, the product of these transaminations does not accumulate in the preparations but is cleaved to pyruvate and sulfite. The latter is oxidized to sulfate by sulfite oxidase in liver preparations but not by heart mitochondria. 3. 3. The very slow formation of oxalacetate from fumarate or malate by malic dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial system is greatly enhanced by the presence of CSA, by virtue of the rapid and complete removal of oxalacetate in the transamination reaction. 4. 4. Highly purified glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase catalyzes the reaction of CSA and α-ketoglutarate more rapidly than the transamination between aspartate and α-ketoglutarate. It is suggested that the observed transamination of CSA with oxalacetate and α-ketoglutarate may be the result of the action of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase. 5. 5. Another, apparently non-transaminative, oxidation of CSA to pyruvate, sulfate, and ammonia has been observed in fresh rat liver mitochondrial acetone powders. The reaction is DPN-dependent. It is suggested that the initial steps may be the anaerobic dehydrogenation of CSA by a DPN-linked enzyme to β-sulfinylpyruvate and ammonia and that the further metabolism of the keto acid is identical with that occurring in the coupled reactions described. 6. 6. It is pointed out that these results and other data in the literature confirm the view that the mineralization of the sulfur moiety of cysteine in liver occurs at the oxidation level of CSA and entails cleavage of β-sulfinylpyruvate to sulfite, followed by the action of sulfite oxidase. 7. 7. The central position of transaminations involving CSA in the interrelations of carbohydrate and sulfur metabolism is discussed.
La antropología de Jacques Maritain: problemas y virtualidades de la distinción individuo - persona

Modern academic thinking in fields as diverse as economics, sociology, bioethics, law or politics frequently calls for a reconfiguration of our public institutions from a more humanising anthropological perspective to make them more conducive to people’s happiness. Among the approaches used to focus on this demand, the Thomist distinction between the individual and the persona has come to the fore. One of the most systematic and enlightening theories in this regard is that of French philosopher Jacques Maritain. In this paper we analyse his anthropological approach to conclude that, with positive and negative aspects, it may be of great interest approach to deepen this social debate and so help develop a new anthropological theory more geared towards people and their goals.
Relational Aggression and Victimization in Young Adults' Romantic Relationships: Associations with Perceptions of Parent, Peer, and Romantic Relationship Quality

This study had three goals: (a) To investigate gender differences in relational aggression and victimization within young adults' romantic relationships, (b) to investigate associations between romantic relational aggression and victimization and perceptions of romantic relationship quality, and (c) to explore parent and peer predictors of romantic relational aggression and victimization. College students (70 females and 34 males) completed self-reports of romantic relational aggression and victimization, and parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality. Men and women reported equal levels of romantic relational aggression, and men reported higher levels of victimization than women. Aggression and victimization were positively correlated with negative romantic relationship qualities and negatively correlated with positive relationship qualities. Regression analyses indicated that both romantic relational victimization and romantic relational aggression explained variance in romantic relationship quality. There were several significant associations between parent and peer relationship quality and romantic relational aggression and victimization, which suggest that poor relationships with parents and peers may play a role in the development and maintenance of these behaviors.
Child Maltreatment, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress: The Impact of Emotional Abuse

This study examined the relationship of emotion regulation to multiple forms of child abuse and subsequent posttraumatic stress. Particular consideration was given to emotional abuse, which has received less attention in the literature. Results from a survey of 912 female college students revealed that women who reported a history of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse endorsed greater emotion regulation difficulties compared to women without abuse histories. Notably, emotional abuse was the strongest predictor of emotion deregulation. Mediation analyses indicated that emotion dysregulation partially explained the relationship between physical and emotional abuse and symptoms of posttraumatic stress, suggesting that intervention efforts aimed at improving emotion regulation strategies might be beneficial in decreasing posttraumatic stress among women with child maltreatment histories.
A View on Energy Transfer Between Cold Atoms

Atoms with highly excited electrons—called Rydberg atoms—have many exaggerated properties compared with ordinary ground-state atoms. For example, the loosely bound electrons create large dipoles that lead to long-range interactions between Rydberg atoms that are many orders of magnitude stronger than those between ground-state atoms. Strong interactions between Rydberg atoms can enable energy transport over distances many times the size of the atoms ( 1 ). On page 954 of this issue ( 2 ), Gunter et al. describe how they have nondestructively and continuously imaged resonant-energy transfer between cold 87Rb Rydberg atoms with controlled coupling to the environment. Their technique may enable the engineering of open quantum systems for quantum simulation ( 3 ), which could lend insight to the transition from classical to quantum energy transport in complex systems. The nature of this transition in a dissipative environment remains an open question and may have relevance to the efficiency of dipole-coupled energy transport in molecular systems such as photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes ( 4 ).
Helium Sedimentation and the UV Upturn in Brightest Cluster Galaxies

Recent observations with Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) show strong unexpected UV excess in the spectrum of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). It is believed that the excess UV signal is produced by old and evolved core-He burning stars, and the UV flux strength could be greatly enhanced if the progenitor stars have high value of He abundance. In this work, we propose that sedimentation process can greatly enhance the He abundance in BCGs. Our model predicts that the UV flux strength is stronger in more massive, low-redshift, and dynamically relaxed BCGs. These predictions are testable with the current generation of GALEX+SDSS observations.
Diel nectar secretion rhythm in squash ( Cucurbita pepo ) and its relation with pollinator activity

Most studies of foraging behavior in bees have been performed under artificial conditions. One highly neglected area is the daily nectar secretion rhythm in flowers including how nectar properties may vary with time of day. As a first step in understanding the connections between forager behavior and nectar presentation under more natural conditions, we examined nectar secretion patterns in flowers of the squash Cucurbita pepo. Under greenhouse conditions, squash flowers exhibit consistent diel changes in nectar volume and concentration through anthesis. These temporal patterns are robust, persisting under field conditions as well as simulated drought conditions in the greenhouse. In the presence of active pollinators, diel patterns are evident but with highly variable, severely reduced volumes. The potential consequences of these factors for pollinator behavior are discussed.
An extension of Bass' algorithm for stabilizing linear continuous constant systems

A stabilization algorithm of Bass originally developed for controllable systems is extended to include systems which are stabilizable.
Supraspinal neurotensin-induced antianalgesia in mice is mediated by spinal cholecystokinin.

Intracerebral injection of neurotensin into specific brain loci in rats produces hyperalgesia due to the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the spinal cord. The present purpose was to show in another species that neurotensin can antagonize the antinociceptive action of morphine through the spinal CCK mechanism in mice. Neurotensin given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at doses higher than 100 ng produced antinociception in the tail flick test. However, at lower doses between 1 pg to 25 ng, neurotensin antagonized the antinociceptive action of morphine given intrathecally (i.t.), thus demonstrating the antianalgesic activity of neurotensin. The rightward shift in the morphine dose-response curve produced by i.c.v. neurotensin was eliminated by an i.t. pretreatment with CCK8 antibody (5 microl of antiserum solution diluted 1:1000). I.t. administration of lorglumide, a CCK(A)-receptor antagonist (10-1000 ng), and PD135,158, a CCK(B)-receptor antagonist (250-500 ng), also eliminated the antianalgesic action of neurotensin. Thus, the mechanism of the antianalgesic action of neurotensin given i.c.v. involved spinal CCK. This mode of action is similar to that for the antianalgesic action of supraspinal pentobarbital which also involves spinal CCK.
Further Long Memory Properties of Inflationary Shocks

Several previous studies have found fractionally integrated, or long memory behavior, in the conditional mean of inflation. This paper notes that extremely similar phenomena are also apparent in the squared and absolute values of residuals from fractionally filtered inflation series. Hence, the inflation process appears to have a dual long memory feature in both its first and its second conditional moments. We suggest a parametric model of long memory in both the conditional mean and the conditional variance. Some Monte Carlo evidence is presented that supports estimation of the model by approximate maximum likelihood methods. We then report estimated models for the inflation series for several different industrialized countries, including the United States. For nearly all of the countries in our study, there is strong evidence of statistically significant long memory parameters in both the conditional mean and the variance. We note some of the implications for modeling inflation.
Effect of Pressure on Superconducting Transitions and on Electrical Resistance at Low Temperatures

Measurements have been made on the shift of the superconducting transition temperatures of Sn, In, Hg, Tl, and Ta by pressures up to 5000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. For thallium, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{c}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}P}$ is initially positive but becomes negative above 1200 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The effect of pressure on the normal resistance of all these metals, except Hg, has been investigated just above their transition temperatures. In all cases the resistance decreases under pressure.
Scaling Magnetic Actuators Beyond the Single-Domain Limit

Ferromagnetic sensors and actuators have been extensively studied on the microscale and have led to the development of optical switches [Judy, JW & Muller, RS, 1997], magnetically-tunable frequency-selective surfaces [Zendejas, J, et al., 2002], magnetic assembly of out-of-plane-MEMS devices [Chen, J, et al., 2001], and low-power to zero-power magnetometers [Yang, HH, et al., 2002; Vasquez, DJ & Judy, JW, 2004]. For many devices and applications there exist advantages in reducing the size of the system. The authors of this paper are studying the benefits and limitations of decreasing the scale of magnetic actuators. We have designed, fabricated, and tested torsional magnetic actuators that consist of a 1250-nm-long, 85-nm-wide, and 30-nm-thick magnetic element that is attached to a pair of 50-nm-thick, 100-nm-wide, and 2000-nm-long torsion beams
Crisis-management: Tzeltal-Maya transnational migration and the Foucauldian apparatus

This paper offers a Foucauldian analysis of Tzeltal-Maya transnational migration from Canada Estrella, Ocosingo, Chiapas, to San Francisco, California, placing it within the context of North American neoliberalism. It asserts that Tzeltal-Maya migrants, through their creation of new transnational social relations, bring into articulation an informal neoliberal migration apparatus (a Foucauldian dispositif). This apparatus assembles and coordinates a variety of indigenous, ladino, and gringo strategies, techniques, tactics, and technologies for dealing with and harnessing the crises and opportunities presented by international capitalism. Such an apparatus functions in tandem and tension with neoliberal state apparatuses and produces a transnational neoliberal order in indigenous ejidos. Further, this paper demonstrates that this apparatus has allowed Tzeltal-Maya ejidos in the Lacandon Jungle greater degrees of autonomy from the Mexican municipal, state, and federal governments and the local rancher elite, while also making them increasingly interdependent with small businesses in the United States.
Orthopaedic Crossfire®—larger femoral heads: A triumph of hope over reason!: In the affirmative☆☆☆★

The authors' wear studies of total hip arthroplasty cohorts have shown that less polyethylene wear and less deleterious effects of third body debris were found when smaller femoral head sizes were used. The authors' sliding-distance-coupled finite element model findings were corroborated by these clinical wear studies. Thus, with polyethylene on metal bearing surfaces, less wear should occur when smaller head sizes are used. Careful, precise component positioning is important to prevent dislocation.
Evaluation of systemic acquired resistance inducers for control of downy mildew on basil

Abstract Basil downy mildew, caused by Peronospora belbahrii Thines sp. nov., is a devastating foliar disease of fresh-cut basil first discovered in the U.S. in South Florida in 2007. Since then the pathogen has been found in over 20 U.S. states and has become a major threat to sweet basil production. In this study, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, Actigard 50WG), DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA), isonicotinic acid (INA), salicylic acid (SA) and sodium salicylate (SS) were evaluated for their potential to control basil downy mildew in the greenhouse. Efficacy of these systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers varied in control of basil downy mildew depending on the rate, method and timing of application. Foliar sprays of ASM applied pre-, post- or pre- + post-inoculation at rates ranging from 25 to 400 mg l −1 significantly ( P = 0.05) reduced disease severity compared to the non-treated control in all experiments. ASM sprayed at 50 mg l −1 three times on a weekly basis starting 3 and 7 days post- inoculation resulted in a 93.8 and 47.1% reduction in disease severity, respectively. Six weekly foliar sprays of BABA as pre- + post-inoculation at rates equal or higher than 125 mg l −1 significantly suppressed downy mildew compared to the non-treated control. Foliar treatments of ASM or BABA followed by one or two post-inoculation sprays of a mixture of potassium phosphite (Prophyt) and azoxystrobin (Quadris) significantly improved efficacy for disease control. Sporangia counted on ASM treated leaves were significantly lower than leaves sampled from the non-treated control. ASM and BABA at concentrations lower than 1.0 mM did not inhibit sporangial germination in vitro . The effect of INA, SA and SS on disease reduction was generally inconsistent and not significant compared to the non-treated control.
Sebaceous lesions and their associated syndromes: Part II

Sebaceous lesions are associated with two syndromes with widespread multisystem disorders and tumors. Linear sebaceous nevus syndrome has been traditionally known as the triad of sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn, seizures, and mental retardation. This syndrome encompasses a much broader spectrum of multisystem disorders, which is explored below. Muir–Torre syndrome is described as the presence of sebaceous tumors or keratoacanthomas with an underlying visceral malignancy. It is caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. We discuss its relationship with Lynch syndrome and suggest a comprehensive algorithm on how to screen patients with sebaceous neoplasms for Muire–Torre syndrome. We also provide suggested intensive cancer screening guidelines based on recommendations for patients with Lynch syndrome that may also be of value for patients with Muir–Torre syndrome. Learning objectives After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to discuss the characteristics of Lynch and Muir–Torre syndromes, both of which are associated with sebaceous lesions, evaluate a patient who might have epidermal nevus syndrome, formulate an approach to identify patients at risk for Muir–Torre syndrome who have a newly diagnosed sebaceous neoplasm, and discuss screening recommendations for patients who are identified as having Muir–Torre syndrome.
Family transitions in Latin America: First Intercourse, First Union and First Birth

This paper examines the initiation of sexual activity, first marriage and first birth as key steps in family formation. These events mark the transition to adulthood and generally occur in the late teens and early twenties in most Latin American countries. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys, we examine the timing of these events across birth cohorts, comparing urban and rural areas, countries, cultural regions and educational groups. The average life course for young women in Latin America consists of the initiation of intercourse as adolescents, entering partnerships about one year later, and giving birth about a year after that. This pattern remained fairly stable over the time period examined. Education substantially delays these family transitions and the education effect is similar in most countries. Latin American women with secondary levels of schooling are significantly less likely to experience early marriage or parenthood relative to those with no schooling. Urban residence also delays entry into sexual activity, marriage and parenthood at the bivariate level. However, once education is controlled for, the effect of residence reverses – that is, urban residence is associated with early transition ages. A combination of national boundaries and cultural groupings explain more of the variation in transition rates than either grouping alone. Thus, we conclude that both national and cultural factors appear to influence family transitions in Latin America, in addition to the effects of education and urbanisation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface currents and winds at the Delaware Bay mouth

Knowledge of the circulation of estuaries and adjacent shelf waters has relied on hydrographic measurements, moorings, and local wind observations usually removed from the region of interest. Although these observations are certainly sufficient to identify major characteristics, they lack both spatial resolution and temporal coverage. High resolution synoptic observations are required to identify important coastal processes at smaller scales. Long observation periods are needed to properly sample low-frequency processes that may also be important. The introduction of high-frequency (HF) radar measurements and regional wind models for coastal studies is changing this situation. Here we analyze synoptic, high-resolution surface winds and currents in the Delaware Bay mouth over an eight-month period (October 2007 through May 2008). The surface currents were measured by two high-frequency radars while the surface winds were extracted from a data-assimilating regional wind model. To illustrate the utility of these monitoring tools we focus on two 45-day periods which previously were shown to present contrasting pictures of the circulation. One, the low-outflow period is from 1 October through 14 November 2007; the other is the high-outflow period from 3 March through 16 April 2008. The large-scale characteristics noted by previous workers are clearly corroborated. Specifically the M2 tide dominates the surface currents, and the Delaware Bay outflow plume is clearly evident in the low frequency currents. Several new aspects of the surface circulation were also identified. These include a map of the spatial variability of the M2 tide (validating an earlier model study), persistent low-frequency cross-mouth flow, and a rapid response of the surface currents to a changing wind field. However, strong wind episodes did not persist long enough to set up a sustained Ekman response.
The Preparation of Some 4,6‐Dithiobarbituric Acids

Preparative methods for four 5,5‐disubstituted‐4,6‐diiminobarbituric acids and for four 5,5‐disubstituted‐4,6‐dithiobarbituric acids are described. Seven of the compounds reported are new. One of the compounds, 5,5‐diethyl‐4,6‐dithiobarbituric acid, was tested pharmacologically and found to be unsuitable for possible use as a general anesthetic because of its inordinately long duration of action and the production of tremors.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in pediatric brain: A computational modeling study

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation which uses weak electric currents applied on the scalp to modulate activity of underlying brain tissue. In addition to being used as a tool for cognitive neuroscience investigations, tDCS has generated considerable interest for use as a therapeutic modality for neurologic disorders. Though the safety and tolerability of tDCS in adults is well-established, there is little information on the safety of tDCS in children. Because there are differences between children and adults in several key parameters (such as skull thickness and cerebrospinal fluid volume) which affect current flow through the brain, special consideration should be given to the stimulation parameters which are used in a pediatric study population. In this study we present cortical electrical field maps at different stimulation intensities and electrode configurations using a high-resolution-MRI derived finite element model of a typically developing, anatomically normal 12 year old child. The peak electrical fields for a given stimulus intensity in the adolescent brain were twice as high as in the adult brain for conventional tDCS and nearly four times as high for a 4X1 High-Definition tDCS electrode configuration. These data suggest that acceptable tDCS stimulation parameters may be different in children compared to adults, and that further modeling studies are needed to help guide decisions about applied current intensity.
Synthesis of Cell Wall Microfibrils in vitro by a "Soluble" Chitin Synthetase from Mucor rouxii

A "soluble" form of chitin synthetase was separated from a membrane-rich fraction by exposure to the enzyme substrate (uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) and activator (N-acetyl- D-glucosamine). The solubilized enzyme catalyzed the synthesis of chitin microfibrils similar, if not identical, to those formed in vivo by the fungus. Cell wall microfibrils were thus abundantly formed in the absence of a living cell or its membranes.
The transformation of the “old feminist” movement

An exploration of the dialectical processes through which the ideologies of rhetorical movements are delineated, revised, and transformed generates distinctive conclusions about the character of “Old Feminist” rhetoric. This analysis provides a framework through which the meaning of a key episode in the development of the movement, the 1860 “Divorce Debate,” can be determined.
Erosion of an electron-beam front in a long beam-plasma system.

The front of an electron beam injected into a uniform, magnetized plasma is observed to erode rapidly because of scattering of the beam electrons via collective beam-plasma interactions. The propagation of the beam front is measured with temporal and axial resolution via beam excitation light. A broadened light front can result that propagates much slower than the injected beam particle speed.
Linear stability analysis of viscoelastic Poiseuille flow using an Arnoldi-based orthogonalization algorithm

Abstract An algorithm to compute the extremal eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian matrix, based on Arnoldi-orthogonalization, is employed in the linear stability analysis of the viscoelastic Poiseuille flow at high Reynolds numbers. It is shown that this algorithm is both computationally efficient and accurate in reproducing the most unstable modes in the pseudo-spectrally discretized eigenspectrum of the original problem. The Upper Convected Maxwell (UCM), Oldroyd-B and Chilcott-Rallison models are considered for the linear stability analysis of the high Reynolds number viscoelastic Poiseuille flow. Results for the UCM model show a large destabilization of the flow compared to the Newtonian limit, even for low values of flow elasticity, ϵ = We / Re , of the order 10 −3 , realized at high Reynolds numbers for O (1) We. These results agree qualitatively with those reported by Porteus and Denn, although some quantitative differences exist, especially at high values of elasticity. Furthermore, it is shown that the number of spectral modes necessary to obtain converged results increases substantially as the flow elasticity is increased. A comparison of the linear stability characteristics of the Oldroyd-B and the UCM models has revealed that the presence of a non-zero solvent viscosity has a pronounced stabilizing effect on the flow. Further stabilization occurs through the introduction of a finite molecular extensibility in the Chilcott-Rallison model.