cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The contextual nature of decision making near the end of life: hospice patients' perspectives.

Mr. C. was diagnosed with lung cancer seven months ago. The cancer then spread to his brain. He was fully aware that the physicians were treating his symptoms, not the disease; however, discussions regarding the goals of treatment did not occur. He continued the treatment regimen of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. While at home one evening, he fell and fractured his femur. His mobility and independence were at once greatly compromised. While recovering in the hospital, he made the decision to opt out of curative treatment. He stated, “I want to go home, play with my cat, smoke cigarettes, and be with my friends when they can visit.”What are the processes by which adults with life-threatening conditions make decisions about their care? What is the context of these decisions? The purpose of this study was to describe the process of decision making for adults with a terminal illness.
Neotropical primate conservation

Abstract The greatest threat to Neotropical primates is the loss of tropical forest for agriculture, ranching, commercial logging and hydroelectric projects. Hunting of primates for consumption or sale and live capture for the pet trade and for biomedical purposes is also a threat to certain species. Twenty-eight of the 76 Neotropical primate species are considered endangered and the highest density of endangered taxa occurs in Brazil's Atlantic forest, followed by Amazonia and Middle America. The most endangered Neotropical primate genera are Brachyteles and Leontopithecus , followed by some species of Ateles, Lagothrix, Saguinus and the Central American squirrel monkey ( Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus ). Solutions to the problems of primate conservation are discussed, including habitat conservation, protection against poaching and international primate trade, education, research and captive propagation, and examples of successful conservation efferts are provided.
Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation of composites for Navy ship applications

Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are being considered by the US Navy for top-side structures on ships. Electronic equipment and personnel inside these structures must be protected from electromagnetic interference and radiation hazards from friendly and hostile sources. Since these composites are nondesctructive, metallic layers of various architectures, composition, and lay-ups have been incorporated into them for electromagnetic shielding. This paper will present electromagnetic NDE data on some of these metal-clad, nonconductive composites. Low frequency eddy-current test results will be compared to the electromagnetic shielding performance at microwave frequencies. Issues associated with corrosion will be discussed.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Book Review: Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Head and Neck

Peter Neligan, Fu-Chan Wei, Editors. Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Head and Neck, St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, 2010 ISBN: 1576262693 When two internationally-recognized surgeons and close friends combine their decades of experience in head and neck reconstruction to honor their friend and mentor, Ralph Manktelow, something special is bound to happen. That’s exactly what occurred with Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Head and Neck , a multidisciplinary, international, and comprehensive text. This book is an instant classic and a must-read for those who consider themselves microsurgeons and who perform more than an occasional head and neck reconstruction with free tissue. The title may be somewhat misleading, however, since this volume is so much more than an encyclopedia of microsurgery in head and neck reconstruction. The international cast of contributors is drawn not only from the authors’ home countries of the United States and Taiwan, but also from Canada, Saudi Arabia, Ireland, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Significant pages are devoted to the comprehensive review of related topics from radiation therapy, surgical oncology, medical oncology, anesthesia, and …
Hall Effects of the Cobalt Nickel Alloys and of Armco Iron

Experimental investigations of the Hall effects in cobalt, the cobalt-nickel alloys, and Armco iron are described in detail. Precision measurements were made with magnetic fields up to 30 kilogauss in order to separate the ordinary and extraordinary effects. The ordinary effect in all the Co-Ni alloys was found to be negative and agreed within a factor of two with values expected from only $4s$ band conductivity. The ordinary effect in Armco iron was positive indicating hole conduction in the $3d$ band. The field parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ was observed to be small and negative for most of the cobalt rich alloys, while it was positive for the nickel rich alloys and Armco iron. The limitations in the use of the simple two-band model for explaining the data are outlined. No explanation of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is given.
Cyclophosphamide and cortisol reduce the severity of morphine withdrawal.

Abstract Cyclophosphamide and cortisol, two nonspecific immunomodulators, significantly reduced the behavioral indices of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine dependent rats. Each immunomodulator reduced the morphine abstinence syndrome when administered either prior to or after chronic morphine treatment. Morphine exerts numerous effects on all levels of the central nervous system with tolerance, physical dependence, and a withdrawal syndrome being characteristics of this drug class. It is suggested that the degree of opiate dependence is directly correlated with the intensity of the behavioral withdrawal signs. Therefore, success in modifying the abstinence syndrome may lead to a better understanding of the dynamics of opiate dependence. The results reported herein coupled with similar findings for alpha-interferon and cyclosporine, suggest that opiate dependence may involve the immune system.
Apnea and bradycardia during feeding in infantsweighing >2000 gm*

One full-term and nine premature infants who had been or were about to be discharged from thehospital were studied to identify any breathing problems. While awake and when sucking and swallowing, the infants had central apnea accompanied by significant bradycardia and significant drops in transcutaneous oxygen values. These events occurred whether infants were breast-fed or ingested human milk, formula, or water by bottle, and were not associated with falls in esophageal pH. While awake, after occlusion of both nostrils, the infants responded with mouth breathing. Sleep-related apneic episodes were also found but were less significant. The long apneic events were related to poorly coordinated sucking and breathing while awake.
A Spectral Analysis of World Cocoa Prices

T HE KNOWLEDGE of certain cyclical patterns is essential to effective potential price stabilization policies on the world market. If cycles extend for periods greater than three years, the International Monetary Fund's policy toward countries affected by variations in primary export prices would be inadequate.' In addition, in the case of cocoa, the approved range of prices set by an eventual international agreement would have to take into account the stages of the several cycles at the time of the final agreement. This uncertainty is one of the impasses in FAO sponsored negotiations.2 Neither side is sure of whether it is gaining or losing, since positions are often taken on the basis of current prices. Spectral analysis, a relatively new technique, appears to be appropriate in the determination of length of lags for use in the analysis of supply, demand, and other functions in which lagged variables are involved and the length of lag is not accurately known a priori. Such functions with lagged variables appear to be appropriate with many agricultural commodities, especially with tree crops where considerable lags occur between initial investment and first returns and where returns continue for some time with minimal variable costs. These products involve numerous suppliers, making the macroeconomic length of lag difficult to estimate. Spectral analy-
Advances in environmentally benign coatings and adhesives

There is an increased need to develop environmentally benign (no pollution or release of hazardous materials into the air, water or soil from a coating or adhesive either during their manufacture, use and disposal or recycle lifetimes), coatings and adhesives that have equivalent or superior properties to their conventional (non-environmentally benign) counterparts. This paper discusses some of the new concepts or technologies associated with environmentally benign barrier coatings for packaging, abrasion resistant coatings for plastic substrates, new developments in wood finishes, antifouling coatings and new chemistry associated with the design of advanced coating systems. This paper also discusses how Battelle is helping the US Air Force to eliminate hazardous waste associated with structural adhesive technology through the identification of equivalent adhesive systems reducing the number of adhesives used to repair current aircraft and missile equipment. This paper also discusses advances in the area of repulpable/recyclable pressure sensitive adhesives and silicone release coatings used in a variety of commercial applications.
Synchronization of inhibitory neurones in the guinea‐pig hippocampus in vitro.

1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from pyramidal, granule and hilar cells in transverse slices of guinea-pig hippocampus to examine synaptic interactions between GABAergic neurones. 2. In the presence of the convulsant compound 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), after fast excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmission was blocked pharmacologically, large amplitude inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) occurred rhythmically (every 4-8 s) and synchronously in all principal cell populations (triphasic synchronized IPSPs). In the presence of the GABAA receptor blocker picrotoxin (PTX), a large amplitude IPSP continued to occur spontaneously in all principal cells simultaneously (monophasic synchronized IPSP). 3. Burst firing occurred simultaneously in a group of hilar neurones (synchronized bursting neurones) coincident with triphasic synchronized IPSPs in principal cells. After PTX was added, the bursts and the underlying depolarizing synaptic potentials were completely suppressed in some of the synchronized bursting neurones (type I hilar neurones), while others (type II hilar neurones) continued to fire in bursts coincident with monophasic synchronized IPSPs in principal cells. Intense hyperpolarization blocked burst firing and revealed underlying attenuated spikes of less than 10 mV, but did not uncover any underlying depolarizing synaptic potentials. 4. In type II hilar neurones, during sufficient hyperpolarization, spontaneous activity consisted of attenuated spikes. With depolarization, the small spikes began to trigger full size action potentials. These data suggest the presence of electrotonically remote spike initiation sites. 5. The morphology of synchronized bursting neurones was revealed by intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow. Attempts to inject dye into one type II hilar neurone often resulted in the labelling of two to four cells (dye coupling). Dye coupling was not observed in type I hilar neurones. 6. These findings indicate that excitatory interactions synchronizing the firing of GABAergic neurones can occur in the absence of fast EAA neurotransmission. GABAergic neurones can become synchronized via their recurrent collaterals through the depolarizing action of synaptically activated GABAA receptors. In addition, a subpopulation of GABAergic neurones can become synchronized by a mechanism probably involving electrotonic coupling.
LEAST ABSOLUTE REGRESSION RESIDUALS : ANALYSES OF RANDOMIZED DESIGNS

Residuals obtained from least sum of absolute deviations regression are analyzed by a procedure consistent with Euclidean geometry. Applications to one-way randomized designs, one-way randomized designs with a covariate, and factorial designs are illustrated and evaluated.
Gendered Revolutionary Bridges: Women in the Salvadoran Resistance Movement (1979-1992)

Is a "liberated nation" an inherently male concept? What happens if women insurgents do not map out a site for gendered demands within the revolutionary movement? If women had been fully encouraged revolutionary actors, could there have been a military triumph for the guerrillas in El Salvador? In other words, are women a strategic sector with the potential to alter revolutionary outcomes? The answers to these questions may expand the current boundaries of sociological theories of revolution and the literature on gender and revolution. By focusing on the case of women revolutionaries in El Salvador, we can move toward unpacking the significance of these issues. I argue that women revolutionaries served the unconscious yet highly strategic role of gendered revolutionary bridges. In short, armed and unarmed women revolutionaries were able to bridge gaps between the guerrillas and unincorporated Salvadoran civilians, thus expanding the revolutionary base and movement. Salvadoran women demonstrated a revolutionary capacity that proved eminently effective but was consistently belittled, and this has had both practical and theoretical consequences. This article aims at addressing the latter.
Major Changes in the Kinetic Mechanism of AMP Inhibition and AMP Cooperativity Attend the Mutation of Arg49 in Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

The significance of subunit interface residues Arg49 and Lys50 in the function of porcine liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was explored by site-directed mutagenesis, initial rate kinetics, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The Lys50 --> Met mutant had kinetic properties similar to the wild-type enzyme but was more thermostable. Mutants Arg49 --> Leu, Arg49 --> Asp, Arg49 --> Cys were less thermostable than the wild-type enzyme yet exhibited wild-type values for kcat and Km. The Ki for the competitive inhibitor fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increased 3- and 5-fold in Arg49 --> Leu and Arg49 --> Asp, respectively. The Ka for Mg2+ increased 4-8-fold for the Arg49 mutants, with no alteration in the cooperativity of Mg2+ binding. Position 49 mutants had 4-10-fold lower AMP affinity. Most significantly, the mechanism of AMP inhibition with respect to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate changed from noncompetitive (wild-type enzyme) to competitive (Arg49 --> Leu and Arg49 --> Asp mutants) and to uncompetitive (Arg49 --> Cys mutant). In addition, AMP cooperativity was absent in the Arg49 mutants. The R and T-state circular dichroism spectra of the position 49 mutants were identical and superimposable on only the R-state spectrum of the wild-type enzyme. Changes from noncompetitive to competitive inhibition by AMP can be accommodated within the framework of a steady-state Random Bi Bi mechanism. The appearance of uncompetitive inhibition, however, suggests that a more complex mechanism may be necessary to account for the kinetic properties of the enzyme.
The Spatial Structure of Migration: An Analysis of Flows Between States in the USA over Three Decades

MUESER P. (1989) The spatial structure of migration: an analysis of flows between states in the USA over three decades, Reg. Studies 23, 185–200. Migration flows between states in the USA over three decades are analysed using a general spatial interaction model. The role of geographic distance and a more general distance conception are examined, as is the stability of the spatial structure over time. Results imply that although migration structures reflect geographic distance, other stable factors, reflecting idiosyncratic ties between locations, are important as well. This suggests that the common practice in migration research of ignoring spatial structure to focus on individual locations is misleading. The particular ties between locations cannot be ignored in examining total migration at a location at one point in time. In examining changes over time, however, we can limit consideration to the relative draw and sending effects at each location because the spatial structure is quite stable over extende...
The Cinema of Central Europe, edited by Peter Hames. London: Wallflower Press, 2005

The Cinema of Central Europe, ably edited by Peter Hames with a preface by Istvan Szabo, is a fascinating compilation of twenty-four essays or “frames” in Wallflower's new series focusing on nation...
CD1-Dependent Natural Killer (NK1.1+) T Cells Are Required for Oral and Portal Venous Tolerance Induction

Background. Local antigen presentation via either the oral (PO) or the portal venous (PV) routes results in suppression of systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). The responsible cell populations are not well defined. Because NK1.1 + T cells express the Fas ligand and produce high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-4, they may play a role in both activated T-cell apoptosis and a Th1 to Th2 immune shift, thus promoting tolerance induction. Methods. C57BL/6 mice were tolerized to BALB/c alloantigen by PV or PO spleen cells (25 x 10 6 ) on Day 0. Subcutaneous (SQ) challenge with 10 x 10 6 BALB/c cells on Day 7 was followed by footpad injection of 10 x 10 6 BALB/c cells on Day 14. Footpad swelling was measured 24 h later. A single injection of the NK1.1 + cell-depleting antibody, PK-136, was given IP (10 mg/kg) 2 days prior to PV or PO antigen. Flow cytometry evaluated NK1.1 + cell depletion. CD1 knockout (KO) mice, lacking NK1.1 + T cells, were also challenged with PV and PO Balb/c in parallel experiments. Results. The DTH to BALB/c antigen was markedly suppressed in C57BL/6 mice when this alloantigen was given by either PO or PV routes (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The maintenance of an unaltered response to third-party C3H/HeJ demonstrated alloantigenic specificity. Administration of the anti-NK1.1 T cell monoclonal antibody, PK-136, resulted in complete restoration of in vivo DTH responsiveness in PO tolerance (P < 0.01), and partial restoration in PV tolerance (P < 0.05) in C57BL/6 mice. FACS confirmed virtually complete depletion of liver, splenic, Peyer's patch, and mesenteric lymph node NK1.1 + lymphocytes. Development of both PO and PV tolerance was prevented in CD1 KO mice. Conclusion. NK1.1 + T cells play an essential role in antigen-specific suppression of the DTH response mediated by both oral and portal venous tolerance.
Determining the Cosmic Distance Scale from Interferometric Measurements of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect

The distances to eighteen galaxy clusters are determined, with redshifts ranging from z approx. 0.14 to z approx. 0.78 from a maximum likelihood joint analysis of 30 GHz interferometric Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) and X-ray observations. We model the intracluster medium (ICM) using a spherical isothermal beta model. We quantify the statistical and systematic uncertainties inherent to these direct distance measurements, and we determine constraints on the Hubble parameter for three different cosmologies. These distances imply a Hubble constant of 60((sup +4+13)(sub -4-18)) km s(exp -1) megaparsec(exp -1) for an Omega(sub M) = 0.3, Omega(sub Lambda) = 0.7 cosmology, where the uncertainties correspond to statistical followed by systematic at 68% confidence. With a sample of eighteen clusters, systematic uncertainties clearly dominate. The systematics are observationally approachable and will be addressed in the coming years through the current generation of X-ray satellites (Chandra & XMIM-Newton) and radio observatories (OVRO (Owens Valley Radio Observatory), BIMA (Berkeley Illinois Maryland Association), & VLA (Very Large Array)). Analysis of high redshift clusters detected in future SZE and X-ray surveys will allow a determination of the geometry of the universe from SZE determined distances.
The Arithmetic of Nicomachus of Gerasa and its Applications to Systems of Proportion

Nicomachus of Gerasa has gained a position of importance in the history of ancient mathematics due in great measure to his Introduction to Arithmetic, one of the only surviving documentations of Greek number theory. Jay Kappraff discusses a pair of tables of integers found in the Arithmetic and shows how they lead to a general theory of proportion, including the system of musical proportions developed by the neo-Platonic Renaissance architects Leon Battista Alberti and Andrea Palladio, the Roman system of proportions described by Theon of Smyrna, and the Modulor of Le Corbusier.
Effects of a Magnetic Field on Turbulent Flow in the Mold Region of a Steel Caster

Electromagnetic braking (EMBr) greatly influences turbulent flow in the continuous casting mold and its transient stability, which affects level fluctuations and inclusion entrainment. Large eddy simulations are performed to investigate these transient flow phenomena using an accurate numerical scheme implemented on a graphics processing unit. The important effect of the current flow through the conducting solid steel shell on stabilizing the fluid flow pattern is investigated. The computational model is first validated with measurements made in a scaled physical model with a low melting point liquid metal and is then applied to a full-scale industrial caster. The overall flow field in the scale model was matched in the real caster by keeping only the Stuart number constant. The free surface-level behaviors can be matched by scaling the results using a similarity criterion based on the ratio of the Froude numbers. The transient behavior of the mold flow reveals the effects of EMBr on stability of the jet, top surface velocities, surface-level profiles, and surface-level fluctuations.
Characterization Studies of Copper Supported on a Variety of Carbonaceous Substrates

Copper catalysts supported on different allotropie forms of carbon, such as activated carbon, graphite, pitch-based carbon fibers and diamond have been prepared and characterized using TPR, XRD, TPO, TEM and CAEM techniques. Preparation procedures were established for each support system and were dependent upon the oxidation characteristics of the particular carbonaceous solid. The ease of the reduction of copper oxide to metallic copper was found to be dependent upon the nature of the carbonaceous supports as well as the possible interactions between these two components. It was postulated that the epitaxial relationship that might exist between metallic copper and the diamond would make it easy for copper oxide to be reduced to its metallic state on this support. Attack of the graphite surface occurs in the presence of copper species in hydrogen at low temperatures. This behavior is rationalized according to the notion that dissociation of molecular hydrogen takes place on Cu2O and the active atomic species “spill-over” onto the graphite and undergo reaction with the fy-electrons of the basal plane resulting in the creation of pits in the surface. In-situ electron diffraction highlighted the changes in the chemical state of copper species. Cu2O was found to be stabilized at certain stages of the reaction possibly due to its interaction with the carbonaceous supports. It is suggested that this type of copper species might exhibit some unique catalytic behavioral patterns.
Web design issues when searching for information in a small screen display

In this paper, we report preliminary findings from an experimental study in which twenty-eight users answered questions by performing strategic information searches on web pages. Pages, which varied in length from 100 to 850 words, were displayed on either a standard, desktop monitor (full-sized) or a palm handheld interface (small-screen). Overall, users took more time to perform the tasks on the small screen interface, with the break in efficacy appearing between 225 and 350 word-lengths. Finally, contrary to our hypothesis, participants were similarly accurate across conditions.
Quantitative analysis of regenerating and degenerating areas within the lobule of the carbon tetrachloride-injured liver.

Abstract The livers of rats were studied 48 hours after acute carbon tetrachloride injury in order to determine the degree to which four areas of the lobule participate in both regenerative and degenerative processes and to relate alterations in enzyme activity in each area to these processes. With histological stains, the intralobular distribution of mitotic activity, neutral fat and necrosis were quantitated. Microchemical techniques in conjunction with microdissection of lyophilized sections were used, and determinations were made of total protein, total hemoglobin, total lipid, and of nine enzymes in all four areas of the liver lobule. Regenerative processes were shown to dominate the portal midzone area of the injured lobule while degenerative processes were localized largely in the central area. Within the degenerated central area, activities of alkaline phosphatase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were elevated above control levels, while activities of lactic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, glutamic-alanine transaminase, and β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase were decreased. In the portal midzone, a decreased activity of phosphoglucoisomerase and an elevated activity of lactic dehydrogenase were the only alterations in enzyme activities which were interpreted as being related to the regenerative process when correlations were made between the intralobular patterns of enzyme activities and the intralobular patterns of the manifestations of regeneration and degeneration.
Predicting Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Among Post-9/11 College Student Veterans

The current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq present unique risk factors for military personnel that increase the likelihood of psychological distress and concomitant consequences related to trauma. Several studies have found that the stress brought about by financial difficulties, unemployment, and the need to renegotiate roles and responsibilities with spouses following discharge increases the likelihood of relationship strain and even intimate partner violence in the veteran population. This study was undertaken to determine the challenges related to maintaining healthy relationships for college student veterans who have served in the armed forces since September 11, 2001. Psychological distress, substance use, and hypermasculine attitudes were explored as risk factors for intimate violence. Social support was found to be a protective buffer against psychological aggression. However, approximately a third of college student veterans reported low social support along with symptoms of distress, placing ...
Chronic lateral ventricle infusion of a pineal gland-derived decapeptide alters pulsatile secretion of LH in rats

The object of this investigation was to determine whether chronic lateral ventricle infusion of a pineal gland-derived antigonadotropic decapeptide (AGD) would affect pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) release in conscious, unrestrained male rats. Adult male Harlan SD rats were bilaterally orchiectomized and maintained under conditions of controlled photoperiods and temperature. After three (Experiment one) or four (Experiment two) weeks each was fitted stereotaxically with a stainless steel cannula for infusion into the right lateral ventricle. Each cannula was attached to a subcutaneous osmotic minipump filled either with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or AGD in CSF (0.5 microgram/microliter). CSF (1.0 microliter/hr) or the AGD (0.5 microgram/microliter hr) was infused over a period of four days. Blood samples for determined of LH by radioimmunoassay were obtained at five minute intervals from a Tygon microbore cannula inserted via a femoral artery into the abdominal aorta. LH pulses were defined and identified with a computerized deconvolution algorithm designed to determine spontaneous LH secretory events. Although mean LH levels were not significantly reduced, LH secretory pulse frequency and nadirs were significantly decreased by ADG infusion (p<0.01). Additionally, LH secretory pulse amplitude and LH secretory response to LHRL administration were significantly increased (p<0.01) by AGD treatment. These results confirm initial reports of depressive effects of the AGD on LH secretion and support its hypothesized central site of action.
Mitigation of narrowband interference in differentially modulated communication systems

Integration of RF/Analog and digital into a single chip can result in the coupling of digital spurs in the analog front end of a communication systems and can severely degrade the receiver performance. In this paper, we propose a novel receiver architecture of a notch filter together with the feedback filter (FBF) of the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) to mitigate the impact of narrowband interference in differentially modulated communication systems without enhancing the inter-symbol interference (ISI). The proposed solution can be adapted to receiver architectures that employ either coherent or non-coherent demodulation of differentially modulated systems. Simulation results demonstrating the spur mitigation capability of the proposed solution is presented.
Toward Energy Efficient Neural Interfaces

This letter presents progress toward an energy efficient neural data acquisition transponder for brain-computer interfaces. The transponder utilizes a four-channel time-multiplexed analog front-end and an energy efficient short-range backscattering RF link to transmit digitized wireless data. In addition, a low-complexity autonomous and adaptive digital neural signal processor is proposed to minimize wireless bandwidth and overall power dissipation.
Implementation of the Semiclassical Quantum Fourier Transform in a Scalable System

We report the implementation of the semiclassical quantum Fourier transform in a system of three beryllium ion qubits (two-level quantum systems) confined in a segmented multizone trap. The quantum Fourier transform is the crucial final step in Shor's algorithm, and it acts on a register of qubits to determine the periodicity of the quantum state's amplitudes. Because only probability amplitudes are required for this task, a more efficient semiclassical version can be used, for which only single-qubit operations conditioned on measurement outcomes are required. We apply the transform to several input states of different periodicities; the results enable the location of peaks corresponding to the original periods. This demonstration incorporates the key elements of a scalable ion-trap architecture, suggesting the future capability of applying the quantum Fourier transform to a large number of qubits as required for a useful quantum factoring algorithm.
Equivariant covering spaces and homotopy covering spaces

Nonequivariantly, covering spaces over a connected (locally nice) space X are in one-to-one correspondence with actions of the fundamental group of X on discrete sets. For nonconnected spaces we consider instead actions of the fundamental groupoid. In this paper we generalize to the equivariant case, showing that we can use either of two possible notions of action of the equivariant fundamental groupoid. We consider both equivariant covering spaces and the more general notion of equivariant homotopy covering spaces.
Effects of Testing Accommodations on Math and Reading Scores: An Experimental Analysis of the Performance of Students With and Without Disabilities

This study examined the effects of testing accommodations on the mathematics and reading test scores of a sample of 119 fourth graders and 78 eighth graders. The sample included 49 fourth-grade stu...
Two-way selection for serum alkaline phosphatase in laying hens.

Abstract The effectiveness of two way selection for serum alkaline phosphatase (S.A.P.) was investigated to determine its influence on productive traits in a White Leghorn population for three generations. The difference between females in the high and low lines at the end of three generations was 53 percent of the S.A.P. level of the foundation population. Selection was based entirely on phenotypic differences. The divergence of the lines was significant and greater in the high line. Computed heritabilities from within sire dam offspring regression for S.A.P. was .42. Heritability estimates from the analysis of variance sire component was .12 ± .09, and from the dam component .76 ±.16. The realized heritability was .45 and .36 for high and low lines respectively. No correlated responses were found during the time of this study for hen day egg production, egg weight, specific gravity or mortality. Hatchability decreased significantly in the high line and fertility decreased significantly in the low line. A build up of phosphatase in the blood occurred during the formation of the egg which would be an indication that the enzyme is involved in egg shell formation.
Characterization of Fusobacterium necrophorum isolated from llama and alpaca

Fusobacterium necrophorum, a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium, is an opportunistic animal and human pathogen that causes a variety of infections termed necrobacillosis. There are 2 subspecies of F. necrophorum (subsp. necrophorum and subsp. funduliforme) that differ morphologically and biochemically and in virulence. Leukotoxin, a secreted protein, is considered to be the major virulence factor. In camelids, F. necrophorum causes a variety of infections, generally involving the lips, tongue, pharynx, interdigital spaces, foot pad, larynx, mandible, or maxillary bones. The objective of the current study was to characterize the presumptive Fusobacterium isolates from a variety of necrotic infections in llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and determine whether the strains possess leukotoxin activities. A total of 7 isolates from alpaca and 2 isolates from llama were characterized. Based on growth characteristics in broth culture, and biochemical and polymerase chain reaction analyses, all 9 isolates belonged to subsp. necrophorum and possessed the putative hemagglutinin gene. Western blot analysis with antileukotoxin antibodies raised in rabbit showed the presence of leukotoxin protein in the culture supernatant of all isolates. Furthermore, flow cytometry of the culture supernatants demonstrated cytotoxicity to bovine and alpaca polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The extent of cytotoxicity to either alpaca or bovine PMNs differed among camelid strains. The cytotoxicity of many of the camelid strains was higher (P < 0.05) toward alpaca PMNs compared to bovine PMNs. Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from llama and alpaca are similar to bovine isolates, and leukotoxin may be a major virulence factor.
On Functional Broadside Tests With Functional Propagation Conditions

Functional broadside tests were defined as broadside tests where the scan-in state is a reachable state. This ensures that during the functional capture cycles of the test, the circuit visits states that it can also visit during functional operation. As a result, it avoids overtesting that may occur with unreachable states. However, the scan-out operation at the end of a functional broadside test allows the observation of any fault effects that reached the state variables at the end of the second capture cycle. As a result, a functional broadside test may detect faults that cannot affect functional operation (redundant faults). Addressing this issue completely requires full sequential test generation. We discuss an alternate solution that fits naturally with an existing process for generating functional broadside tests.
Stable, resealable pores formed in sea urchin eggs by electric discharge (electroporation) permit substrate loading for assay of enzymes in vivo.

We describe a simple electroporation procedure for loading suspensions of unfertilized sea urchin eggs with impermeant small molecules under conditions that allow close to 90% successful fertilization and development. Poration is carried out in a low-Ca2+ medium that mimicks the intracellular milieu. The induced pores remain open for several minutes in this medium, allowing loading of the cells; resealing is achieved by adding back millimolar calcium ions to the medium. While the pores are open, an influx of exogenous molecules and efflux of endogenous metabolites takes place, and the eggs can lose up to 40% of their ATP content and still survive. Introduced metabolites are utilized by the cells, e.g., introduced 3H-thymidine is incorporated into DNA. This procedure will be useful for loading impermeant substrates into eggs, permitting in vivo assessment of metabolism, and also for introducing other interesting impermeant molecules, such as inhibitors, fluorescent indicators, etc. Though the details may differ, the principle of electroporation in an intracellular-like medium may prove to be useful for loading other cell types with minimal loss of viability.
Robust Click-Point Linking: Matching Visually Dissimilar Local Regions

This paper presents robust click-point linking: a novel localized registration framework that allows users to interactively prescribe where the accuracy has to be high. By emphasizing locality and interactivity, our solution is faithful to how the registration results are used in practice. Given a user-specified point, the click-point linking provides a single point-wise correspondence between a data pair. In order to link visually dissimilar local regions, a correspondence is sought by using only geometrical context without comparing the local appearances. Our solution is formulated as a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) without estimating a domain transformation explicitly. A spatial likelihood of Gaussian mixture form is designed to capture geometrical configurations between the point-of-interest and a hierarchy of global-to-local 3D landmarks that are detected using machine learning and entropy based feature detectors. A closed-form formula is derived to specify each Gaussian component by exploiting geometric in-variances under specific group of domain transformation via RANSAC-like random sampling. A mean shift algorithm is applied to robustly and efficiently solve the local MLE problem, replacing the standard consensus step of the RANSAC. Two transformation groups of pure translation and scaling/translation are considered in this paper. We test feasibility of the proposed approach with 16 pairs of whole-body CT data, demonstrating the effectiveness.
Training Abusive Parents to Use Nonviolent Child Discipline Strategies

When family assessment indicates that parents are relying on excessively harsh corporal punishment to control child misbehavior, and especially if instances of child injury are traceable to the parent’s use of extremely punitive discipline, training in appropriate, nonviolent child-management skills is needed. Essentially, the therapist seeks to assist the parent in replacing current violent forms of discipline (such as excessive screaming, spanking, hitting, or beating) with more effective management skills that are nonviolent in nature. As the parent uses these appropriate skills to deal with child misbehavior, the risk of violence, and therefore injury, during disciplinary episodes will be reduced. Although we will focus in this chapter on strategies for assisting parents to handle misbehavior nonviolently, a closely related clinical task is helping parents to use positive-reinforcement-based techniques simultaneously when interacting with their children. That topic will be discussed in Chapter 6, and therapists will always want to combine attention to reducing a parent’s violent disciplinary practices with concurrent attention to teaching more positive interaction skills. In this way, treatment extends beyond the short-term goal of reducing a parent’s current reliance on harsh discipline to the longer-range goal of establishing positive reinforcement-based interactions within the family.
3D Printing of Medical Devices: CAD Designers as the Most Realistic Target for Strict, Product Liability Lawsuits

The potential framework for tort liability for the 3D printing of medical devices is highly questionable. Strict liability, which is traditionally applied in the products liability landscape, is not easily applied in the context of 3D printing of medical products. This problem becomes increasingly troublesome when one considers that experts predict that the first wave of consumers will suffer grave injuries as a result of defects in these medical products. This paper proposes that the CAD designer of a CAD blueprint should be held strictly liably for defects arising out of its designs. Hospitals and 3D Printer Manufacturers should be held liable only under negligence standards. This paper is a take-off of an earlier teaser previously published in the Yale Journal of Law and Technology Blog with Jasper L. Tran.
Survival following acute coronary artery ligation subsequent to irradiation of canine heart.

SummaryA method of creating increased myocardial vascularity by means of cardiac irradiation has been investigated. On the basis of mortality figures, there is a significant difference between control and irradiated dogs when acute complete ligation of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery is performed. Ability to defibrillate radiated dogs successfully with the coronary ligature intact is strikingly evident.†
TEM In-Situ Study of Dislocation Motion in B2 NiAl Single Crystals

In an effort to understand dislocation mobility in stoichiometric NiAl single crystals, in-situ tensile deformation experiments have been performed in a transmission electron microscope. Commercially pure and high purity single crystals with and orientations have been examined. Two different thermal treatments were adopted in order to effect the mechanical response. Dislocation motion was observed in all samples. Pre-existing dislocations, either isolated or tangled, were not observed to move at any point leading up to sample failure. Cross-slip of the mobile dislocations was observed in some cases. In commercially pure single crystals, dislocations were found to move at a much slower rate and uniform manner in contrast to motion in high purity single crystals which occurs by rapid jumps.
Effect of Writing Across the Curriculum Techniques on Students' Affective and Cognitive Learning About Nursing Research

A descriptive design evaluated the effect of writing across the curriculum techniques on students' attitudes toward, and critical understanding of, nursing research. Using a semantic differential, students' (n = 17) attitudes were measured prior to a research theory course, immediately after the course, and at the end of the following term in which they were required to write a partial research proposal. This writing assignment was supported by a writing laboratory. Data analysis included paired t tests to measure differences after the course and after completion of the writing assignment and to measure differences in quality of papers submitted by those who attended the writing lab and those who did not. Results demonstrated significant positive changes in students' feelings about doing research and their beliefs about the desirability of research. No significant differences in quality of papers were found.
Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone infused in a pulsatile or continuous fashion on serum gonadotropin concentrations and ovulation in the mare.

Studies were conducted to compare continuous vs pulsatile i.v. infusion of GnRH on serum gonadotropin concentrations and ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares and in cycling mares. Anestrous mares (Exp. 1) received no treatment (control; n = 3), 2, or 20 micrograms of GnRH/h continuous infusion (CI) (n = 4 and n = 6, respectively), or 20 micrograms of GnRH/h pulsatile infusion (PI) (n = 5). After initiation of GnRH infusion, serum LH levels increased earlier, and to a greater extent, in the PI group than in other groups (P less than .05). In contrast, serum FSH concentrations did not differ among groups. The number of days to development of the first 35-mm follicle was not different among GnRH treatment groups; however, mares receiving PI ovulated on d 9.4 of treatment, 2.8 d earlier than those receiving 20 micrograms of GnRH/h CI (P less than .05). Mares given 2 micrograms of GnRH/h CI failed to ovulate spontaneously after 16 d of treatment, but each one ovulated within 2 to 4 d after injection of 2,000 IU of hCG on d 16. Control mares did not ovulate or show any significant follicular development throughout the experiment. Cycling mares (Exp. 2) received no treatment (control; n = 6), 20 micrograms of GnRH/h CI, or 20 micrograms of GnRH/h PI (n = 4) beginning on d 16 of an estrous cycle (d 0 = day of ovulation). Serum LH concentrations in all groups increased after initiation of treatment; however, on the day of ovulation LH concentrations were lower in the CI group than in the PI or control groups (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Met5-enkephalin protects isolated adult rabbit cardiomyocytes via δ-opioid receptors

In rats and rabbits, endogenous opioid peptides participate in ischemic preconditioning. However, it is not known which endogenous opioid(s) can trigger cardioprotection. We examined preconditionin...
Multidisciplinary approach to calcific uremic arteriolopathy.

Purpose of reviewCalcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), as known as calciphylaxis, is a rare and poorly understood disease seen predominantly in end stage renal disease patients. A collaborative multidisciplinary approach to develop and implement treatment and prevention methods is described.Recent f
New Workers and Career Women: Tapping a New Generation of Spenders

In the 1950s and 1960s many magazines engaged in a protracted battle with television for advertising dollars. By increasing circulations and lowering CPMs (cost per thousand), publishers hoped to compete with the wide exposure television gave advertising messages. By the end of the 1960s, however, many magazines abandoned this drive for massive readership,1 emphasizing instead their ability to reach special, affluent segments of the market; the new trend was to be a “class” rather than “mass” publication.
Practical comparison of traditional and definitive screening designs in chemical process development

Traditional Screening Designs, such as resolution III 2k-p fractional factorials are used routinely in the initial stages of process development. These designs are used to determine which process variables have the largest effect on process outcomes. Once a screening design is complete and the data are analysed, follow-up experiments are normally required in order to develop useful prediction equations involving the important variables and to identify the optimal process operating conditions. Recently developed definitive screening designs allow researchers to identify important variables and optimum process conditions after one set of experiments, eliminating the need for follow-up experiments. This leads to the question: What is now the role of traditional and definitive screening designs in process optimisation? We share our insights gained from using both of these designs in developing a process to produce catalyst support material to shed light on these questions.
Workflow Steps in Radiology

The understanding of workflow in Radiology is, properly, part of the larger domains of business process analysis (BPA) and business process modeling (BPM), for which extensive literature exists in the business administration literature outside of imaging informatics. However, some special and particular aspects of digital image management, such as the specific technical mechanisms of DICOM and HL7, as well as the interactions of these two standards and other emerging standards, need to be addressed to fully understand how data and processes interact in the context of a fully digital imaging environment. Fortunately, the integrating the healthcare enterprise (IHE) frameworks offer particularly useful models that specifically address and leverage both HL7 and DICOM capabilities in regard to workflow. Further, it is increasingly important