cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of two plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars

Abstract In this research, several physical, pomological and nutritional properties of two plum ( Prunus domestica L.) cultivars (Stanley and Frenze 90) grown in the Antalya region were determined. These properties are necessary for the design of equipments for harvesting, processing, transportation, sorting, separating and packing. In Stanley cultivar plums, the average fruit length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity index, fruit mass, thousand of fruit mass and volume of fruit were 48.25 mm, 33.24 mm, 31.32 mm, 36.48 mm, 76.30%, 27.97 g, 28569.60 g and 29.05 cm 3 , respectively. The bulk density, fruit density and porosity were 642 kg/m 3 , 1050 kg/m 3 and 38.99%, respectively. The coefficient of static friction on rubber, plywood and galvanized sheet of plum cultivars were 0.194, 0.187 and 0.164, respectively. The moisture content, titratable acidity, skin and flesh firmness and organic matter were 89.00%, 0.38%, 1.75 kg, 0.67 kg and 96%, respectively. Protein, K, Ca, P and N amount were 2.81%, 1.16%, 0.12%, 0.09% and 0.45%, respectively. In Frenze 90 cultivar plum, however, the average fruit length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, unit mass, thousand of fruit mass and volume of fruit were 58.33 mm, 47.70 mm, 45.49 mm, 50.00 mm, 85.80%, 71.99 g, 52313.00 g, 72.05 cm 3 , respectively. The bulk density, fruit density and porosity were 572 kg/m 3 , 1029 kg/m 3 and 44.25%, respectively. The static friction coefficient on rubber, plywood and galvanized sheet were 0.147, 0.127, and 0.125, respectively. The moisture content, titratable acidity, skin and flesh firmness and organic matter were 87.00%, 0.89%, 2.01 kg, 1.09 kg and 99.00%, respectively. Protein, K, Ca, P and N amount were 3.88%, 1.41%, 0.15%, 0.13% and 0.62%, respectively.
A Literature Review of Science and Mathematics Integration

Integrated curricula has gained a great deal of acceptance among educators. Many educators provide testimonials about the effectiveness of units they teach, and many professional organizations stress integration across the curriculum. However, few empirical studies exist to support the notion that an integrated curriculum is any better than a well-designed traditional curriculum. Some educators question integration across the curriculum, because in the effort to integrate topics, science and mathematics content becomes superficial and trivial. This paper presents a review of the literature on integrated curricula. It concludes with a call to action for members of School Science and Mathematics Association.
The Chandra X-Ray Observatory Radiation Environment Model

CRMFLX (Chandra Radiation Model of ion FluX) is an environmental risk mitigation tool for use as a decision aid in planning the operations times for Chandra's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) detector. The accurate prediction of the proton flux environment with energies of 100 - 200 keV is needed in order to protect the ACIS detector against proton degradation. Unfortunately, protons of this energy are abundant in the region of space Chandra must operate, and the on-board Electron, Proton, and Helium Instrument (EPHIN) does not measure proton flux levels of the required energy range. In addition to the concerns arising from the radiation belts, substorm injections of plasma from the magnetotail may increase the protons flux by orders of magnitude in this energy range. The Earth's magnetosphere is a dynamic entity, with the size and location of the magnetopause driven by the highly variable solar wind parameters (number density, velocity, and magnetic field components). Operational times for the telescope must be made weeks in advance, decisions which are complicated by the variability of the environment. CRMFLX is an engineering model developed to address these problems and provides proton flux and fluence statistics for the terrestrial outer magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and solar wind for use in scheduling ACIS operations. CRMFLX implements a number of standard models to predict the bow shock, magnetopause, and plasma sheet boundaries based on the sampling of historical solar wind data sets. Measurements from the GEOTAIL and POLAR spacecraft are used to create the proton flux database. This paper describes the recently released CRMFLX v2 implementation that includes an algorithm that propagates flux from an observation location to other regions of the magnetosphere based on convective ExB and VB-curvature particle drift motions in electric and magnetic fields. This technique has the advantage of more completely filling out the database and makes maximum use of limited data obtained during high Kp periods or in areas of the magnetosphere with poor satellite coverage.
Contingencies of self-worth: Progress and prospects

Over a century ago, William James (1890) proposed that the impact of success and failure on self-esteem depends on the domains in which self-esteem is invested. In this chapter, we review a relatively new programme of research that aims to (a) develop and validate a measure of this construct, (b) develop the implications of James's idea for psychological vulnerability and self-regulation, and (c) examine the consequences of investing self-esteem in particular domains for goal pursuit, and the costs and benefits of goal pursuit that is driven by contingencies of self-worth.
A novel microfluidic device for the in situ optical and mechanical analysis of bacterial biofilms.

Abstract Viable methods for bacterial biofilm remediation require a fundamental understanding of biofilm mechanical properties and their dependence on dynamic environmental conditions. Mechanical test data, such as elasticity or adhesion, can be used to perform physical modelling of biofilm behaviour, thus enabling the development of novel remediation strategies. To achieve real-time, dynamic measurements of these properties, a novel microfluidic flowcell device has been designed and fabricated for in situ analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The flowcell consists of microfluidic channels for biofilm establishment that are then converted into an open architecture, laminar flow channel for AFM measurement in a liquid environment. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to profile fluid conditions within the flowcell during biofilm establishment. Force-mode AFM was used to measure the elastic properties of mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms as well as polyacrylamide hydrogels. Elastic moduli ranging from 0.58 to 2.61 kPa were determined for the mature biofilm, which fall within the range of moduli previously reported by optical, rheometric, and microindentation techniques. These results demonstrate the validity of the microfluidic flowcell system as an effective platform for future investigations of biofilm mechanical and morphological response to dynamic environmental conditions.
Dynamic monetary and fiscal policy and the government budget constraint: A growth equilibrium☆

Abstract This paper investigates a dynamic macroeconomic model with the government-budget constraint. The model deviates from many previous studies by assuming that long-run equilibrium is characterized by all stock variables growing at rates which imply an unchanging interest rate. Of the two solutions, one is the standard constant-assetstock equilibrium while the other is either a positive- or a negative-growth equilibrium. One of the solutions is always locally stable while the other is locally unstable. Consequently, when the constant-asset-stock equilibrium is unstable (stable) the positive-(negative-) growth equilibrium is stable (unstable).
T cell co-stimulation and in vivo tolerance

Previous studies have shown that effective T-cell activation requires the engagement of the T-cell receptor complex with MHC-peptide, in parallel with co-stimulation via cell surface adhesion molecules. Blocking these co-stimulatory interactions, in particular the signal transduction via the CD28 molecule, inhibits T-cell activation in vitro and induces T-cell clones into a state of unresponsiveness, termed T-cell anergy. Recent studies have examined the therapeutic effects of treating mice with CD28-B7 antagonists and highlighted the complexity of the CD28 co-stimulatory pathway, as illustrated by the finding that multiple cross-binding ligands for the CD28 and B7 molecules exist that may differentially regulate immune responses.
An adaptive link assignment algorithm for dynamically changing topologies

An adaptive link assignment algorithm for the distributed optimization of dynamically changing network topologies is presented. The algorithm is responsible for determining the network connectivity by controlling the selection of links to be established and disconnected. This algorithm is designed to recover from predictable link outages as well as massive unpredictable failures. To minimize computational time complexity as well as to improve transient response. Some known graph-theoretic algorithms are utilized. >
Automated Planning for Peer-to-peer Teaming and its Evaluation in Remote Human-Robot Interaction

Human factor studies on remote human-robot interaction are often restricted to various forms of supervision, in which the robot is essentially being used as a smart mobile manipulation platform with sensing capabilities. In this study, we investigate the incorporation of a general planning capability into the robot to facilitate peer-to-peer human-robot teaming, in which the human and robot are viewed as teammates that are physically separated. One intriguing question is to what extent humans may feel uncomfortable at such robot autonomy and lose situation awareness, which can potentially reduce teaming performance. Our results suggest that peer-to-peer teaming is preferred by humans and leads to better performance. Furthermore, our results show that peer-to-peer teaming reduces cognitive loads from objective measures (even though subjects did not report this in their subjective evaluations), and it does not reduce situation awareness for short-term tasks.
Network thermodynamics and complexity: a transition to relational systems theory.

Abstract Most systems of interest in today's world are highly structured and highly interactive. They cannot be reduced to simple components without losing a great deal of their system identity. Network thermodynamics is a marriage of classical and non-equilibrium thermodynamics along with network theory and kinetics to provide a practical framework for handling these systems. The ultimate result of any network thermodynamic model is still a set of state vector equations. But these equations are built in a new informative way so that information about the organization of the system is identifiable in the structure of the equations. The domain of network thermodynamics is all of physical systems theory. By using the powerful circuit simulator, the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis ( spice ), as a general systems simulator, any highly non-linear stiff system can be simulated. Furthermore, the theoretical findings of network thermodynamics are important new contributions. The contribution of a metric structure to thermodynamics compliments and goes beyond other recent work in this area. The application of topological reasoning through Tellegen's theorem shows that a mathematical structure exists into which all physical systems can be represented canonically. The old results in non-equilibrium thermodynamics due to Onsager can be reinterpreted and extended using these new, more holistic concepts about systems. Some examples are given. These are but a few of the many applications of network thermodynamics that have been proven to extend our capacity for handling the highly interactive, non-linear systems that populate both biology and chemistry. The presentation is carried out in the context of the recent growth of the field of complexity science. In particular, the context used for this discussion derives from the work of the mathematical biologist, Robert Rosen.
The Multiscale Origins of Fracture Resistance in Human Bone and Its Biological Degradation

Akin to other mineralized tissues, human cortical bone can resist deformation and fracture due to the nature of its hierarchical structure, which spans the molecular to macroscopic length scales. Deformation at the smallest scales, mainly through the composite action of the mineral and collagen, contributes to bone’s strength or intrinsic fracture resistance, while crack-tip shielding mechanisms active on the microstructural scale contribute to the extrinsic fracture resistance once cracking begins. The efficiency with which these structural features can resist fracture at both small and large length scales becomes severely degraded with such factors as aging, irradiation, and disease. Indeed, aging and irradiation can cause changes to the cross-link profile at fibrillar length scales as well as changes at the three orders of magnitude larger scale of the osteonal structures, both of which combine to inhibit the bone’s overall resistance to initiation and growth of cracks.
Characterization of germinated barley endoproteolytic enzymes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Abstract Germinating barley proteolytic enzymes hydrolyze insoluble seed storage proteins into soluble proteins, peptides and amino acids. This process is of vital importance to both seed germination and the commercial malting process. This study reports the development of a two-dimensional IEF × PAGE separation method utilizing protein substrates incorporated into the PAGE gel to analyze and partially characterize the endoproteinases of germinating barley grain. The method separated 42 different activities, which fell into five groups on the basis of their pI values, PAGE mobilities and biochemical characteristics. Multiple representatives of each of the four proteinase classes were present, but about 64% of the enzymes were cysteine proteinases. The majority of the endoproteinases had pH optima considerably below neutrality, but those of the serine proteinases were generally eight or higher. Most of the endoproteinases hydrolyzed gelatin faster than edestin, but the four aspartic class proteinases and one of an undetermined class only hydrolyzed edestin. These results show that the protein-hydrolyzing system of green malt (4-day-old germinated barley) is very complex.
Effects of 5' regulatory-region polymorphisms on paraoxonase-gene (PON1) expression.

Human HDL-associated paraoxonase (PON1) hydrolyzes a number of toxic organophosphorous compounds and reduces oxidation of LDLs and HDLs. These properties of PON1 account for its ability to protect against pesticide poisonings and atherosclerosis. PON1 also hydrolyzes a number of lactone and cyclic-carbonate drugs. Among individuals in a population, PON1 levels vary widely. We previously identified three polymorphisms in the PON1 regulatory region that affect expression levels in cultured human hepatocytes. In this study, we determined the genotypes of three regulatory-region polymorphisms for 376 white individuals and examined their effect on plasma-PON1 levels, determined by rates of phenylacetate hydrolysis. The −108 polymorphism had a significant effect on PON1-activity level, whereas the −162 polymorphism had a lesser effect. The −909 polymorphism, which is in linkage disequilibrium with the other sites, appears to have little or no independent effect on PON1-activity level in vivo. Other studies have found that the L55M polymorphism in the PON1-coding region is associated with differences in both PON1-mRNA and PON1-activity levels. The results presented here indicate that the L55M effect of lowered activity is not due to the amino acid change but is, rather, largely due to linkage disequilibrium with the −108 regulatory-region polymorphism. The codon 55 polymorphism marginally appeared to account for 15.3% of the variance in PON1 activity, but this dropped to 5% after adjustments for the effects of the −108 and Q192R polymorphisms were made. The −108C/T polymorphism accounted for 22.8% of the observed variability in PON1-expression levels, which was much greater than that attributable to the other PON1 polymorphisms. We also identified four sequence differences in the 3′ UTR of the PON1 mRNA.
Simultaneous use of rhodamine 123, phycoerythrin, Texas red, and allophycocyanin for the isolation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells

The supravital, mitochondrial specific dye Rhodamine 123 (R123) was used in conjunction with three monoclonal antibodies to isolate a population of human bone marrow (BM) cells enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells. BM cells stained with phycoerythrin-HLA-DR, Texas red-CD34, allophycocyanin-CD15, and R123 were fractionated using four-color immunofluorescence cell sorting. Cells expressing CD34 but not HLA-DR and CD15 (CD34+ HLA-DR- CD15-) were subdivided according to their reactivity with R123 into quiescent, R123 dull (R+) or cycling, R123 bright (R++) subpopulations. Morphological analysis and hematopoietic progenitor cell assays indicated that CD34+ HLA-DR- CD15- R+ cells contained larger numbers of blast cells and colony forming units than CD34+ HLA-DR- CD15- R++ cells. The flow cytometer settings used to accommodate the detection of the R123 fluorescence in combination with that of three other fluorochromes are described.
Long-term Efficacy and Toxicity of High- and Low-Dose Amiodarone Regimens

Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug for the control of potentially lethal and lethal ventricular arrhythmias (VA). In the United States, a high-dose regimen has been used at the expense of a high toxicity profile for the control of lethal VAs. Significant antiarrhythmic efficacy has also been established with low-dose regimens, which carry a low rate of intolerable side effects (5.4%) when compared with the high-dose regimen (16.7%). The high incidence of tolerable and intolerable adverse side effects is probably related to high amiodarone loading (31.92 g) and maintenance doses (520 mg/d). In contrast, the low-dose regimen uses much lower loading (7.2 g) and maintenance (280 mg/d) doses.
SEBASS hyperspectral thermal infrared data: surface emissivity measurement and mineral mapping

This study focuses on mapping surface minerals using a new hyperspectral thermal infrared (TIR) sensor: the spatially enhanced broadband array spectrograph system (SEBASS). SEBASS measures radiance in 128 contiguous spectral channels in the 7.5- to 13.5-μm region with a ground spatial resolution of 2 m. In September 1999, three SEBASS flight lines were acquired over Virginia City and Steamboat Springs, Nevada. At-sensor data were corrected for atmospheric effects using an empirical method that derives the atmospheric characteristics from the scene itself, rather than relying on a predicted model. The apparent surface radiance data were reduced to surface emissivity using an emissivity normalization technique to remove the effects of temperature. Mineral maps were created with a pixel classification routine based on matching instrument- and laboratory-measured emissivity spectra, similar to methods used for other hyperspectral data sets (e.g. AVIRIS). Linear mixtures of library spectra match SEBASS spectra reasonably well, and silicate and sulfate minerals mapped remotely, agree with the dominant minerals identified with laboratory X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopic analyses of field samples. Though improvements in instrument calibration, atmospheric correction, and information extraction would improve the ability to map more pixels, these hyperspectral TIR data nevertheless show significant advancement over multispectral thermal imaging by mapping surface materials and lithologic units with subtle spectral differences in mineralogy.
Scirtothrips citri sampling and damage prediction on California navel oranges

Abstract Citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton), populations were monitored in a total of 16 navel orange groves in the San Joaquin Valley of California over a 4-year period, 1983–1986, using five sampling methods (foliage D-Vac, fruit counts, ground traps, pupation papers, and yellow sticky cards). Citrus thrips' spatial patterns were evaluated and the precision and relative merits of the sampling methods were determined. Pupation papers provided the best commercially feasible method of monitoring early season activity. Economic damage was highly correlated with second-instar activity during the first 3–6 weeks after petal-fall. Declining fruit susceptibility with time during the first 6-week period could not be estimated, however. Variation among sites and years in relations among first-generation activity, second-generation activity on foliage, and the level of attack on fruit was large and could not be explained by degree-day accumulations or temperature stress.
A cubic-to-monoclinic structural transformation in the sesquioxide Dy2O3 induced by ion irradiation

Abstract Polycrystalline pellets of the sesquioxide Dy 2 O 3 were irradiated at cryogenic temperature with Kr ++ ions to a fluence of 1 × 10 20 Kr/m 2 . The crystal structure of the irradiated Dy 2 O 3 was observed to change from a cubic, so-called C-type rare-earth sesquioxide structure to a monoclinic, B-type rare-earth sesquioxide structure upon ion irradiation. This transformation is accompanied by a decrease in molecular volume (or density increase) of approximately 9%.
A Hybrid Model Reference Adaptive Control/Computed Torque Control Scheme for Robotic Manipulators

A direct model reference adaptive controller scheme for a robotic manipulator based on the Lyapunov stability criterion is developed. The algorithm presented is based on the formulation of a plant ...
In situ evaluation of biological hazards of environmental pollutants

Introductory Remarks.- In Situ Evaluation of Biological Hazards of Environmental Pollutants.- Industrial and Regulatory Needs.- Toxicological Research and Related Programs Under Superfund.- Biological Assessment and Ecological Risk Assessment: New Tools for Clean-up Decisions at Hazardous Waste Sites.- Field Studies: Aquatic Systems.- Bioassessment Methods for Determining the Hazards of Dredged Material Disposal in the Marine Environment.- Use of Herring Embryos for In Situ and In Vitro Monitoring of Maring Pollution.- New Methods for On-Site Biological Monitoring of Effluent Water Quality.- Micronucleus Test Using Peripheral Red Blood Cells of Amphibian Larvae for Detection of Genotoxic Agents in Freshwater Pollution.- Predicting the Ecological Significance of Exposure to Genotoxic Substances in Aquatic Organisms.- Field Studies: Terrestrial Systems.- Flow Cytometry as a Technique to Monitor the Effects of Environmental Genotoxins on Wildlife Populations.- Developing Comprehensive Field Studies to Identify Subchronic and Chronic Effects of Chemicals on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Ecosystem Health VI.- Earthworm Immunoassays for Evaluating Biological Effects of Exposure to Hazardous Materials.- Sentinel Surveillance Systems.- Analytical Epidemiology in Pet Populations for Environmental Risk Assessment.- Sentinel Animals (Dogs) as Predictors of Childhood Exposure to Environmental Lead Contamination: Observations on Preliminary Results.- Fish Neoplasms Found at High Prevalence in Polluted Waters.- Biological Markers in Animal Sentinels: Laboratory Studies Improve Interpretation of Field Data.- DNA-Carcinogen Adducts in Fish as a Tool for Measuring the Effective Biological Dose of Aquatic Carcinogens.- IN SITU Monitoring of Environmental Clastogens Using Tradescantia-Micronucleus Bioassay.- The Use of Drosophila Melanogaster for In Situ Biomonitoring.- Chemical Etiology of Endemic Diseases: A Global Perspective.- Integration of Data for Effective Problem Solving and Assessment.- Chemical Analysis for Assessment and Evaluation of Environmental Pollutants: Fact or Artifact.- In Situ Toxicological Monitoring: Use in Quantifying Ecological Effects of Toxic Waste.- Integrated Chemical, Pathological and Immunological Studies to Assess Environmental Contamination.- Use of Wildlife for On-Site Evaluation of Bioavailability and Ecotoxicity of Toxic Substances Found in Hazardous Waste Sites.- Relevancy and Future.- Capabilities and Limitations of Approaches to In Situ Ecological Evaluation.
Characterization of Heterogeneous Nickel Sites in CO Dehydrogenases from Clostridium thermoaceticum and Rhodospirillum rubrum by Nickel L-Edge X-ray Spectroscopy

Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum (Ct-CODH) is a nickel-containing enzyme that catalyzes acetyl-CoA synthesis and CO oxidation at two separate Ni sites, the A-cluster and C-cluster, respectively. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum (Rr-CODH) contains only a C-type cluster and catalyzes only CO oxidation. We have used L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the Ni electronic structure of these two enzymes. The spectra indicate that most of the Ni in as-isolated Ct-CODH is low-spin Ni(II). Upon CO treatment, a fraction of the nickel is converted either to high-spin Ni(II) and/or to Ni(I). Ni in dithionite-reduced Rr-CODH also exhibits a clear low spin Ni(II) component, again mixed with either high-spin Ni(II) or Ni(I). The spectrum of Rr-CODH shifts to higher energy upon indigo carmine oxidation, suggesting either that most of the high-spin Ni(II) is converted to low-spin Ni(II) and/or that some Ni is oxidized between these two forms. These results are ...
Vygotsky: The social negotiation of semiotic mediation

Abstract Instead of assuming the relation between thought and language to be constant and unvarying, Vygotsky's novelty was to see it as presenting a number of developmental problems, problems not only to do with communication, but also with a ‘semiotic-instrumental’ self-control of behavior. It is to this second aspect of his views that this paper is addressed. Two new themes are introduced into Vygotsky's account of semiotic mediation: a rhetorical- responsive and an ethical theme. The nature of what is said to be our ‘inner’ lives is explored, and it is argued that they are neither so private, nor so inner, nor so systematic and logical as has been assumed. Instead, people's higher mental processes originate in their feelings of how, semiotically, they are ‘positioned’ in relation to the others around them. And rather than functioning mechanically and systematically, they reflect in their functioning essentially the same rhetorical and ethical considerations influencing the transactions between people, out in the world.
Educational inequalities in the co-occurrence of mental health and substance use problems, and its adult socio-economic consequences: a longitudinal study of young adults in a community sample

Abstract Objectives To examine the relationship between the co-occurrence of mental health and substance use problems and socio-economic status (SES). Study design A prospective longitudinal study of 808 males and females followed to age 30. Methods Survey data were used to derive latent classes (profiles) of mental health (depression, anxiety) and substance use (alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana [cannabis]) problems at age 27. Analyses examined the associations of these profiles with earlier educational attainment (high school diploma) and indicators of SES at age 30. Results Latent Class Analysis produced four profiles: a low disorder symptoms group, a licit substance use disorder symptoms group (alcohol and nicotine), a mental health disorder symptoms group, and a comorbid group. Earning a high school diploma by age 21 decreased the odds of belonging to the comorbid group or the licit substance use disorder symptoms group when compared to the low disorder symptoms group. These disorder profiles also were found to adversely impact subsequent adult SES. The adverse impact was more evident in income maintenance and wealth accumulation by age 30 than market or non-market labour force participation. Conclusions Earning a high school diploma lessens the risk of co-occurring mental health and substance use problems which contribute to economic instability in young adulthood. Findings underscore the importance of public health programmes to reduce the incidence of mental health and substance use problems and their associated high costs to individuals and to society.
Ordered droplets in quantum magnets with long-range interactions

Abstract A defect coupling to the square of the order parameter in a nearly quantum-critical magnet can nucleate an ordered droplet while the bulk system is in the paramagnetic phase. We study the influence of long-range spatial interactions of the form r - ( d + σ ) on the droplet formation. To this end, we solve a Landau–Ginzburg–Wilson free energy in saddle-point approximation. The long-range interaction causes the droplet to develop an energetically unfavorable power-law tail. However, for σ > 0 , the free energy contribution of this tail is subleading in the limit of large droplets; and the droplet formation is controlled by the defect bulk. Thus, for large defects, long-range interactions do not hinder the formation of droplets.
Selling sexual subjectivities: Audiences respond to gay window advertising

This essay addresses the relationship between audiences’ sexual identifications and their readings of “gay window advertisements,”; which appeal to lesbian, gay and bisexual consumers while remaining innocuous to heterosexual readers. Five focus groups, including heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian and gay participants, described nine magazine ads. Lesbian, gay and bisexual participants were more likely to produce gay readings of the ads, although there were cases where they did not, and other cases where heterosexual participants did articulate gay readings. I consider the dynamic between sexual identification and reading strategies, including the implications of constituting sexual identification as a basis for consumer appeals.
Power, Dependence, and Satisfaction in a Marketing System

The effects of customers' higher dependence on a supplier as in a partnership on the customers' satisfaction was investigated. Data were collected from 409 intermediary customers in a marketing system. A regression model was used to quantify the relationship between the customers' dependence on the manufacturer and the customers' satisfaction. As hypothesized, the results suggest an inverse relationship between dependence on a supplier and customers' satisfaction; however, only 1% of the variance in customers' satisfaction is explained by their dependence on the supplier.
Isotrain contours for a plane stress mode I elastoplastic fracture problem

We present results obtained from a symbolic compuater program, which was used to perform the lengthy partial differential required to obtain the strain. In our following analysis, we will neglect elastic strain, and assume the plastic strain is the total strain in the plastic region
Specific Recognition of Rac2 and Cdc42 by DOCK2 and DOCK9 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Recognition of cognate Rho GTPases by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) is fundamental to Rho GTPase signaling specificity. Two main GEF families use either the Dbl homology (DH) or the DOCK homology region 2 (DHR-2) catalytic domain. How DHR-2-containing GEFs distinguish between the GTPases Rac and Cdc42 is not known. To determine how these GEFs specifically recognize the two Rho GTPases, we studied the amino acid sequences in Rac2 and Cdc42 that are crucial for activation by DOCK2, a Rac-specific GEF, and DOCK9, a distantly related Cdc42-specific GEF. Two elements in the N-terminal regions of Rac2 and Cdc42 were found to be essential for specific interactions with DOCK2 and DOCK9. One element consists of divergent amino acid residues in the switch 1 regions of the GTPases. Significantly, these residues were also found to be important for GTPase recognition by Rac-specific DOCK180, DOCK3, and DOCK4 GEFs. These findings were unexpected because the same residues were shown previously to interact with GTPase effectors rather than GEFs. The other element comprises divergent residues in the β3 strand that are known to mediate specific recognition by DH domain containing GEFs. Remarkably, Rac2-to-Cdc42 substitutions of four of these residues were sufficient for Rac2 to be specifically activated by DOCK9. Thus, DOCK2 and DOCK9 specifically recognize Rac2 and Cdc42 through their switch 1 as well as β2–β3 regions and the mode of recognition via switch 1 appears to be conserved among diverse Rac-specific DHR-2 GEFs.
Simulation of Full-Scale Cyclic Lateral Load Tests on Piles

The hysteretic global and local response of reinforced concrete pile shafts is studied herein using a commonly adopted finite-element (FE) analysis approach with nonlinear fiber beam–column elements for the piles and nonlinear p–y springs for the soil. The FE model is evaluated by simulating the response of a series of full-scale load tests on piles embedded in dry sand and subjected to cyclic lateral loading. Results from these analyses indicate good agreement, thereby supporting the use of the FE model for subsequent parametric studies considering different soil, pile, and loading conditions.
Rapid Evaluation of Inclusions in Bearing Steel

The rolling contact fatigue (rcf) life of bearing steel is closely related to the steel cleanliness. To assess steel cleanliness, traditional methods such as optical image analysis and Statistics of Extreme Value are often used. The results obtained using these traditional methods of assessing steel cleanliness correlate well with the rcf life. More recently, pulse height distribution analysis (PDA) has been developed to determine steel cleanliness. Despite some issues surrounding the PDA method for assessing steel cleanliness, PDA is still considered to be superior to traditional methods for the quick assessment of nonmetallic inclusion in steels. A comparison has been made between the steel cleanliness results obtained by traditional optical image analysis and PDA to determine if the results of PDA can be used as a meaningful indicator of the rcf life of bearing steels. The comparison showed that the size of inclusions obtained by PDA agreed reasonably with the size of inclusion obtained using optical image analysis. Consequently, it should be possible to use the PDA results as an indicator of rcf life.
Clinical features and survival in senile systemic amyloidosis: comparison to familial transthyretin cardiomyopathy.

Senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) features cardiomyopathy resulting from amyloid deposits of wild-type transthyretin (TTR). From 1994 to 2009, 82 patients with SSA were diagnosed at our center; 79 were men (96%) and median age at diagnosis was 73.8 years (range, 59.1–86.0). Most patients (77/78) presented with abnormal echocardiography; median values for interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular ejection fraction were 16 mm (range, 9–24) and 50% (range, 20–70), respectively. Fat aspirates were positive for amyloid in 27% of patients. Mean levels of brain natriuretic peptide (n = 41) and troponin I (n = 19) were 422 ± 279 pg/ml and 0.151 ± 0.107 pg/ml. Median survival was 4.3 years (95% CI, 3.7–5.0). SSA and familial TTR cardiomyopathy were compared; survival distribution was significantly different across groups (log-rank test = 11.97, p-value = 0.0075). We conclude that patients with SSA are primarily men who present with dominant cardiac involvement at an older age than patients with familial TTR cardiomyopathy.
Preparation of 5-[131I]iodo- and 5-[211At]astato-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil by a halodestannylation reaction

Abstract To circumvent the in vivo instability of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR), a 2′-fluorine-substituted analogue, 5-iodo-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (FIAU) recently has been introduced. To facilitate the preparation of radioiodinated FIAU as well as its astatinated analogue, a tin precursor, 5-trimethylstannyl-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (FTAU) was synthesized. Both [ 125/131 I]FIAU and 5-[ 211 At]astato-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (FAAU) were prepared from FTAU in more than 85% radiochemical yield under mild conditions. The in vitro serum stability of both fluorine-substituted derivatives was higher than that of the corresponding unsubstituted parents. The enhanced stability of fluorinated derivatives was even more apparent in whole blood. The uptake of [ 125 I]FIAU in D-247 MG human glioma cells in vitro was 20-fold higher than that of [ 125 I]IUdR over an activity concentration range of 5–100 kBq/mL; the uptake of FAAU was not significantly different from that of 5-[ 211 At]astato-2′-deoxyuridine (AUdR). Accumulation of radioiodine in mouse thyroid in vivo with [ 131 I]FIAU was fivefold lower than [ 125 I]IUdR, indicating that the former was less susceptible to deiodination. The tissue uptake of FAAU was similar to that reported for AUdR.
Creating non-decomposable stream bundles in multimedia web services using uSMIL

Technical advances in networks, operating systems and web based services are enabling new web-based services such as audiovisual surveillance, monitoring and recording of unfolding real world scenes. Leaving room to alter the chronology of such real-world recordings would facilitate the ability to fabricate audiovisual evidence, thereby seriously eroding emerging public trust on these up and coming services. One way of avoiding this problem is to be able to specify which chronology building composition operators - otherwise known as multimedia synchronization constructs - such as before, after, simultaneously etc., have more rigid failure semantics. Existing W3C standard for multimedia services, the synchronized multimedia integration language (SMIL) does not provide them. In order to address this deficiency, we propose uSMIL - an extension of SMIL that allows the creation of non-decomposable stream bundles with an all or nothing playout semantics. Here we present a report on our work in progress that defines a formal operational semantics for uSMIL and show some of its algebraic properties.
Differential effects of identification on extra‐role behavior

Purpose – This research aims to utilize Social Identity Theory to examine the role of identification on two forms of extra‐role behaviors, namely, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and prosocial behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – This study examined college students' reports of their identification with the university, organizational citizenship behaviors, and prosocial behaviors.Findings – Results indicate that individuals who are highly identified with their organization are more likely to perform OCB, whereas individuals who are highly identified with their community are more likely to participate in prosocial behaviors. In addition, the relationship between organizational identification and prosocial behavior was found to be fully mediated by community identification.Research limitations/implications – The authors suggest that scholars take care when operationalizing OCB with actual behaviors that surpass task performance; these should differ from attitudes and common courtesy. Limitatio...
Asymptotic solution to moving-bed exchange equations

Abstract Asymptotic solutions to countercurrent moving-bed exchange equations are discussed considering the effect of axial dispersion and interphase mass transfer. Existence conditions are derived by using perturbation theory in a properly defined moving coordinate system. The flow are ratio turns out to be a very important parameter and its effect on the exchange performance is carefully examined. In particular, the effect of interphase mass transfer disappears when the exchange zone becomes stationary. Applications are illustrated by using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Numerical solutions of the transient equations show that the asymptotic solution may be useful.
The beta decay of Sc41

Abstract The beta decay of Sc 41 has been investigated with a scintillation spectrometer. The values obtained for the end point energy and half life are 5.61 ± 0.100 MeV and 0.55 ± 0.03 sec, respectively, leading to a revised ft -value for the Sc 41 -Ca 41 transition of 2800.
Case report 566

L'article decrit un cas d'osteoblastome benin du sacrum avec kyste anevrysmal osseux secondaire, chez un jeune homme de 15 ans et fait une description detaillee de ces deux entites qui presentent quelques fois des similitudes en insistant sur l'importance de l'histologie et de la radiographie de l'imagerie RMN et du scanner pour les differencier
Thorium(IV) complexes of bidentate hydroxypyridinonates.

The coordination chemistry of actinide(IV) ions with hydroxypyridinone ligands has been initially explored by examining the complexation of Th(IV) ion with bidentate PR-1,2-HOPO (HL1), PR-Me-3,2-HOPO (HL2), and PR-3,4-HOPO-N (HL3) ligands. The complexes Th(L1)4, Th(L2)4, and Th(L3)4 were prepared in methanol solution from Th(acac)4 and the corresponding ligand. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses are reported for the free ligand PR-Me-3,2-HOPO (HL2) [P1, Z = 8, a = 8.1492(7) A, b = 11.1260(9) A, c = 23.402(2) A, α = 87.569(1)°, β = 86.592(1)°, γ = 87.480(1)°], and the complex Th(L2)4·H2O [Pna21 (No. 33), Z = 4, a = 17.1250(5) A, b = 12.3036(7) A, c = 23.880 (1) A]. A comparison of the structure of the metal complex Th-PR-Me-3,2-HOPO with that of free ligand PR-Me-3,2-HOPO reveals that the ligand geometry is the same in the free ligand and in the metal complex. Amide hydrogen bonds enhance the rigidity and stability of the complex and demonstrate that the Me-3,2-HOPO ligands are predisposed for meta...
Pd coated edge-emitting lasers for hydrogen sensing applications

A novel type of hydrogen (H 2 ) sensor utilizing a thin film of palladium (Pd) deposited on the ridge of an edge-emitting laser has been designed, fabricated, and tested. This Pd film is known to react to H 2 , yielding a change in the complex refractive index and thus also the laser's output power. As the propagating wave travels through the device, the evanescent portions of the wave interact with these changing optical properties, yielding a change in optical output power as a function of H 2 concentration. The measurement results show that there is a definite change in output power as the H 2 concentration is increased. The measured sensitivity of these devices is shown to be about a 2% fractional power change per percent H 2 .
The regulation of gene expression in plants and animals

The control of gene expression in all cells involves an elaborate and dynamic interplay among what might best be described as regulatory molecules. These molecules include RNA polymerases, myriad transcription factors, the DNA template, the RNA produced by transcription, and the protein produced by translation with its attendant processing. To interfere with or in some way modify any of these critical elements is to potentially cause a profound change in the phenotypic manifestation of one or more genes or gene relays. It is clear that transcription is a consequence of a series of well-orchestrated, ordered events. Contemporary methods that examine this aspect of gene expression have revealed the dynamic nature of this biochemical process.
Multipath model and exploitation in through-the-wall radar and urban sensing

We establish the multipath model which encompasses the target and its multipath “ghosts” in urban and through-the-wall synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The focused downrange and crossrange locations of multipath ghosts are derived and validated using numerical and experimental data. The multipath model permits an implementation of a multipath exploitation algorithm, which maps each target ghost to its corresponding true target location. In doing so, the proposed algorithm improves the radar system performance by aiding in ameliorating the false positives in the original SAR image as well as increasing the SNR at the target locations, culminating in enhanced behind the wall target detection and localization.
A Mathematical Model for a Lithium-Ion Battery/Electrochemical Capacitor Hybrid System

A one-dimensional model for predicting the performance of a battery/electrochemical capacitor-hybrid system has been developed. Simulation results are presented for a LiCoO2LiPF6 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonatecarbon battery system and a Maxwell PC 10F carbon double-layer electrochemical capacitor. The current shared between the battery and the electrochemical capacitor at very short times depends on the ohmic resistances of the battery and the capacitor. As the discharge proceeds, the operating conditions such as frequency, duty ratio, and peak pulse discharge current control the current shared among parallel circuits. These parameters also determine the extent of the run time increase of the hybrid system as compared to the battery system. The inclusion of a number of identical series/parallel capacitors is considered in the present model by introducing the parameter, capacitor configuration index. Ragone plots are simulated for a battery-alone and a hybrid system. A substantial improvement in the available energy density is observed while operating hybrid systems under high power densities. Finally, a general optimization approach is presented.
Genetic Evidence That Drosophila frizzled Controls Planar Cell Polarity and Armadillo Signaling by a Common Mechanism

The frizzled (fz) gene in Drosophila controls two distinct signaling pathways: it directs the planar cell polarization (PCP) of epithelia and it regulates cell fate decisions through Armadillo (Arm) by acting as a receptor for the Wnt protein Wingless (Wg). With the exception of dishevelled (dsh), the genes functioning in these two pathways are distinct. We have taken a genetic approach, based on a series of new and existing fz alleles, for identifying individual amino acids required for PCP or Arm signaling. For each allele, we have attempted to quantify the strength of signaling by phenotypic measurements. For PCP signaling, the defect was measured by counting the number of cells secreting multiple hairs in the wing. We then examined each allele for its ability to participate in Arm signaling by the rescue of fz mutant embryos with maternally provided fz function. For both PCP and Arm signaling we observed a broad range of phenotypes, but for every allele there is a strong correlation between its phenotypic strength in each pathway. Therefore, even though the PCP and Arm signaling pathways are genetically distinct, the set of signaling-defective fz alleles affected both pathways to a similar extent. This suggests that fz controls these two different signaling activities by a common mechanism. In addition, this screen yielded a set of missense mutations that identify amino acids specifically required for fz signaling function.
Making Fourier-envelope simulation robust

Fourier-envelope algorithms are an important component of the mixed-signal/RF verification toolbox. In this paper, we address the unpredictability and lack of robustness that has been reported for these algorithms. We show that the problem stems from fast oscillations in envelopes that are expected to be slowly varying. We demonstrate that this is related to the fact that the envelope equations are always stiff, whether or not the underlying system is. We show that careful choice of envelope initial conditions is necessary to obtain useful solutions, and propose two techniques for finding good initial conditions. Applying these, and solving the envelope equations with stiffly-stable numerical methods, we improve the robustness and reliability of Fourier-envelope methods. We illustrate the new methods with a direct-downconversion mixer circuit.