cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D-Gluconate transport in Arthrobacter pyridinolis. Metabolic trapping of a protonated solute.

Abstract d -Gluconate uptake was studied in whole cells of Arthrobacter pyridinolis ; the uptake activity was inducible, mutable and showed saturation kinetics ( K m = 5 μM ). Uptake of d -gluconate was not mediated by a phospho enol pyruvate: hexose phosphotransferase system, nor was it directly energized by ATP. A transmembrane pH gradient, ΔpH, of −63 mV was generated by A. pyridinolis cells at pH 6.5, while at pH 7.5, ΔpH = 0 . Addition of 8 μM d -gluconate significantly reduced the ΔpH. The transmembrane electrical potential, Δψ, which was −87 mV over a range of pH from 5.5 to 7.5, was unaffected by the presence of substrate. d -Gluconate accumulated at the same rate and as the protonated solute, at both pH 6.5 and 7.5. Experiments in which a diffusion potential was generated in cyanide-treated cells, indicated that the Δψ did not energize transport. Rather, the rate of d -gluconate uptake correlated with and appeared to be determined by the rate of d -gluconate metabolism: (a) treatment of cells with valinomycin or nigericin, under conditions in which there was a loss of intracellular potassium, inhibited both d -gluconate uptake and the metabolism of pre-accumulated d -gluconate; (b) the effects of cyanide and azide on d -gluconate uptake were much more severe at pH 6.5 than pH 7.5, a pattern which paralleled the effects of these inhibitors on d -gluconate metabolism; (c) extraction and chromatography of intracellular label from d -gluconate uptake revealed that accumulation of unaltered d -gluconate was negligible; (d) a series of mutant strains with lower d -gluconate kinase activities also exhibited low rates of d -gluconate uptake; (e) spontaneous revertants of these mutant strains consistently regained both d -gluconate kinase activity and wild type levels of uptake.
Observations on the Antagonistic Effects of Posterior Pituitary and Cortico-Adrenal Hormones in, the Epileptic Subject1

Progress in the development of a rational method of therapy for the so called idiopathic form of epilepsy has been impeded greatly by our lack of exact knowledge concerning the nature of the peculiar physiological disturbance within the brain which is responsible for the spontaneous occurrence of generalised convulsions in afflicted persons. While gross or microscopic lesions undoubtedly occur in the cerebrum in many patients placed in this clinical category, they cannot be found in all, by any means. On the other hand, it has been observed repeatedly that not all persons exhibiting such brain lesions suffer from convulsions. Obviously, therefore, the immediate cause of the characteristic tendency to seizures should be sought in the realm of disturbances in cerebral physiology. Recent developments in the use of the electroencephalograph (1, 2) for recording the electrical potentials of the brain (i.e., the so-called ‘brain waves’) have demonstrated beyond any question that the symptom which we recognise a...
A Shell Formulation to Model the Three-Dimensional Deformation Response of Woven Fabrics

We capture the out-of-plane mechanical response of woven fabrics through a nonlinear anisotropic shell implementation of a continuum constitutive model. For the membrane response, we rely on a previously developed model for the in-plane behavior of woven fabrics. This planar model captured both the macroscopic response and the interactions of the yarns at the structural level, but was limited to two dimensions. The two-dimensional model is here extended to capture three-dimensional modes of deformations through a shell formulation. We assume that the effects of out-of-plane bending and shear on the established in-plane behavior are negligible; however, we do consider the effects that in-plane deformation and the resulting evolution of the fabric structure have on the out-of-plane response. For example, the formulation accounts for the evolving anisotropy of the out-of-plane bending behavior, which reflects the changing orientations of the yarn families within the fabric surface. This three-dimensional model permits the analysis of complex modes of fabric deformation such as wrinkling at large shear strains or transverse identation. We present experiments and detailed finite element analyses used to understand and characterize the out-of-plane responses of the fabric, including bending and twist, and we discuss the underlying physical phenomena that control these responses. Finally, we compare model predictions of complex loading modes to experimental findings.© 2004 ASME
Structural Insights into Fibronectin Type III Domain Mediated Signaling

The alternatively spliced type III extradomain B (EIIIB) of fibronectin (FN) is expressed only during embryogenesis, wound healing and tumorigenesis. The biological function of this domain is unclear. We describe here the first crystal structure of the interface between alternatively spliced EIIIB and its adjacent FN type III domain 8 (FN B-8). The opened CC' loop of EIIIB, and the rotation and tilt of EIIIB allow good access to the FG loop of FN-8, which is normally hindered by the CC' loop of FN-7. In addition, the AGEGIP sequence of the CC'' loop of EIIIB replaces the NGQQGN sequence of the CC' loop of FN-7. Finally, the CC'' loop of EIIIB forms an acidic groove with FN-8. These structural findings warrant future studies directed at identifying potential binding partners for FN B-8 interface, linking EIIIB to skeletal and cartilaginous development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis, respectively.
DISCLOSURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS IN HUMAN SERUM.

Abstract Sequential removal, with solutions of increasing density, of the lower-density lipoproteins has made possible the unmasking of previously undescribed high-density (D = 1.0635−1.125 g/ml) lipoproteins. These new high-density lipoproteins were revealed as one or two discrete boundaries in the Spinco Model E ultracentrifuge. They are in the density range between HDL 1 and HDL 2 , and have been classified as S f 12–20 (1.125, NaCl) and S f 4–12 (1.125, NaCl), while the heavier boundary is termed S f 0–4 (1.125, NaCl). This heavier boundary has usually been named HDL 2 .
Low linewidth enhancement factor and chirp and suppressed filamentation in tunnel-injection In0.4Ga0.6As self-assembled quantum dot lasers

We report measurements of the near-field pattern of ridge-waveguide tunnel injection In 0.4 Ga 0.6 As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot lasers and have compared the results with similar strained quantum well lasers. While no filamentation is observed in the quantum dot devices, significant filamentatin and side lobes are observed in the quantum well lasers. The trend is corroborated by measured linewidth enhancement factor, α, of the two types of devices. Values of α~3.8 are measured in the quantum well lasers, while α is ≤0.7 in the quantum dot lasers, suggesting a very small refractive index change with injection in the active region. Chirp ≤0.6a is measured in the tunnel injection devices, while it varies in the 1.6-3 a range in the quantum well lasers.
Reconciling surface plate motions with rapid three-dimensional mantle flow around a slab edge

A central axiom of the theory of plate tectonics is that the surface plates are coupled to, and carried along by, convection in the Earth's mantle. The situation is rather different at subduction zones, however. Margarete Jadamec and Magali Billen now present calculations that quantify this variance. They use three-dimensional numerical models of buoyancy-driven deformation with realistic slab geometry for the Alaska subduction-transform system to determine the surrounding mantle flow field. They show that near a subduction zone edge, mantle flow velocities can have magnitudes of greater than ten times the surface plate motions and that the complex mantle flow field is consistent with observations from seismic anisotropy. These results imply local rapid transport of geochemical signatures through subduction zones. The direction of tectonic plate motion at the Earth's surface and the flow field of the mantle inferred from seismic anisotropy are well correlated globally, implying large-scale coupling between the mantle and surface plates. But the fit is poor at subduction zones. Here, three-dimensional numerical models of buoyancy-driven deformation for the Alaska subduction–transform system are used to find the origin of the regional decoupling of flow. The results imply local rapid transport of geochemical signatures through subduction zones. The direction of tectonic plate motion at the Earth’s surface and the flow field of the mantle inferred from seismic anisotropy are well correlated globally, suggesting large-scale coupling between the mantle and the surface plates1,2. The fit is typically poor at subduction zones, however, where regional observations of seismic anisotropy suggest that the direction of mantle flow is not parallel to3,4,5,6,7 and may be several times faster than6 plate motions. Here we present three-dimensional numerical models of buoyancy-driven deformation with realistic slab geometry for the Alaska subduction–transform system and use them to determine the origin of this regional decoupling of flow. We find that near a subduction zone edge, mantle flow velocities can have magnitudes of more than ten times the surface plate motions, whereas surface plate velocities are consistent with plate motions8 and the complex mantle flow field is consistent with observations from seismic anisotropy5. The seismic anisotropy observations constrain the shape of the eastern slab edge and require non-Newtonian mantle rheology. The incorporation of the non-Newtonian viscosity9,10 results in mantle viscosities of 1017 to 1018 Pa s in regions of high strain rate (10-12 s-1), and this low viscosity enables the mantle flow field to decouple partially from the motion of the surface plates. These results imply local rapid transport of geochemical signatures through subduction zones and that the internal deformation of slabs decreases the slab-pull force available to drive subducting plates.
NIH Workshop on Structural Proteomics of Biological Complexes

Recently, some 50 biologists and officials from government funding agencies met at the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD to explore the interdisciplinary science and organization of the emerging field of structural proteomics. Structural proteomics aims to discover most macromolecular complexes and characterize their three-dimensional structures and functional mechanisms in space and time. The goal seems daunting, but the consensus was that the prize would be commensurate with the effort invested, given the importance of molecular machines and functional networks in biology and medicine. Identification of assemblies and transient complexes combined with their structural and functional characterization will allow us to understand, control, design, and change the functioning of larger biological systems as well as to contribute to drug target discovery, lead discovery, and lead optimization for treatment of human disease.
Th9 cells: differentiation and disease.

CD4+ T-helper cells regulate immunity and inflammation through the acquisition of potential to secrete specific cytokines. The acquisition of cytokine-secreting potential, in a process termed T-helper cell differentiation, is a response to multiple environmental signals including the cytokine milieu. The most recently defined subset of T-helper cells are termed Th9 and are identified by the potent production of interleukin-9 (IL-9). Given the pleiotropic functions of IL-9, Th9 cells might be involved in pathogen immunity and immune-mediated disease. In this review, I focus on recent developments in understanding the signals that promote Th9 differentiation, the transcription factors that regulate IL-9 expression, and finally the potential roles for Th9 cells in immunity in vivo.
The turbulent twisted magnetic flux tube gas

The kinematic behavior of a dilute, two‐dimensional ‘‘gas’’ of parallel twisted magnetic flux tubes in a highly conducting fluid is considered. Collisions between flux tubes with the same sense of twist are inelastic due to the reconnection of their oppositely directed azimuthal magnetic field components at impact. In some collisions, the tension in the reconnected magnetic flux is sufficient to bind the two flux tubes together. Collisions between flux tubes with the opposite sense of twist are elastic. It is shown that a tenuous gas of individual twisted flux tubes condenses into two large‐scale regions of magnetic field with opposite twists. This calculation illustrates the results of Montgomery and co‐workers on the migration of magnetic energy towards small wavenumbers in two‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. In particular, this problem illustrates the dynamical nonequilibrium of the relaxation phase in turbulent MHD systems.
Na+ influx and cell growth in cultured human fibroblasts. Effect of indomethacin.

Abstract The effect of indomethacin on Na + influx and cell growth in human diploid fibroblasts (HSWP) has been investigated. It was found that both indomethacin and aspirin block serum-stimulated Na + influx in a dose-dependent manner (Ki = 0.34 ± 0.04 mM and 11 ± 1 mM respectively) while having no effect on influx of Na + in the absence of serum. The Ki for inhibition of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into HSWP cells (0.28 ± 0.02 mM) closely correlated with the Ki for inhibition of Na + influx. The onset of action of indomethacin is rapid (within 2 min) and inhibition of Na + flux is readily reversed (within 5 min). Other workers have reported that indomethacin is cytostatic for human fibroblasts presumably via a slowly developing inhibition of “A” system amino acid transport [6]; however, present results indicate that inhibition of Na + influx in HSWP cells occurs much more rapidly than the inhibition of amino acid transport observed in other human foreskin fibroblasts and therefore may be more closely related to the primary cellular locus of indomethacin action.
Mass spectrometric evidence for organic constituents in tektites

Tektite organic constituents evidence from high temperature mass spectrometry, investigating relation to formation process and terrestrial contamination
Optimization of air-cooled condensers

The essential design parameters for determining the optimum configuration of an air-cooled condenser are identified in this paper. For a power plant operating on a Rankine cycle, expressions for the minimum frontal area, the minimum heat transfer area, and for the maximum net cycle efficiency, with respect to the condenser temperature and the cooling air velocity are derived. The analyses are carried out with the assumption that the exit temperature of the cooling air is equal to the condenser temperature. All resulting equations are presented in dimensionless form so that they are applicable to any power cycle with a gas-cooled condenser.
Concurrent Axiomatic and Robust Design using Compromise Decision Support Problems

Compromise decision support problems (DSPs) are used to model engineering decisions involving multiple trade-offs. In this paper we focus on how to use them to perform axiomatic and robust design in a concurrent fashion. A compromise DSP is presented and solved for the concurrent achievement of the design's functional requirements and Suh's independence and information content axioms. A model for the selection of principal design parameters from a set of design parameters is included in this compromise DSP. Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio is used as a metric for the reduction of the information content and increasing the robustness of the design. As an example, an electrical network is designed.
TOPS visible/IR training video data collection

The Army MICOM Weapons Sciences Directorate, with assistance from Martin Marietta Corp, has provided support to the ARPA TOPS Program by generating training video imagery to be used by the TOPS contractors and any other agencies which have need for the data. The data include 1448 tank, APC, and M60-A2 tank recorded using four TV FOV's. Targets were mounted on a turntable below a 300 ft tower, and viewed through all azimuth/elevations behind sun screen and in direct sun. Additional video recorded target drive—around past trees and shadows. Helicopter captive carry TV data, using a gimballed seeker flying a simulated FOG-M flight path, were collected of an M60-A2 tank surrounded by four false targets. Mid and far IR FLIR data include tower/turntable and drive-around, with targets with various thermal states. Video tapes have annotations of turntable az—el positions and sun angle relative to the target. Captive carry includes range data. Representative TV and FLIR video, documentary coverage, and some typical optical correlator results using these data are presented.
The environmental toxin arsenite induces tau hyperphosphorylation.

Abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau polymers known as paired helical filaments constitute one of the major characteristic lesions that lead to the demise of neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we demonstrate that the environmental toxin arsenite causes a significant increase in the phosphorylation of several amino acid residues (Thr-181, Ser-202, Thr-205, Thr-231, Ser-262, Ser-356, Ser-396, and Ser-404) in tau, which are also hyperphosphorylated under pathological conditions. Complementary phosphopeptide mapping revealed a dramatic increase in the 32P-labeling of many peptides in tau following arsenite treatment. Although arsenite activates extracellular-signal regulated kinases-1/-2 and stress-activated protein kinases, these enzymes did not contribute to the arsenite-increased phosphorylation, nor did they appear to normally modify tau in vivo. Tau phosphorylation induced by arsenite did not involve glycogen synthase kinase-3 or protein phosphatase-1 or -2, but the activity responsible for tau hyperpho...
Differential cross sections for ejection of electrons from rare gases by 7.5 – 150-keV protons

Absolute cross sections for the ejection of electrons by ;proton impact that are differential in the angle and energy of the electrons have been measured for :helium, neon, and krypton. The primary energy ranged from 7.5 to 150 keV, the angles from 10" to !160", and the measured energies from 1 to 550 eV. These data along with earlier data on argon are used to study the systematics of protonimpact ionization of the rare gases. An analytical model is employed to correlate and systematize the cross-section differential in ejected-electron energy. For low-energy collisions the angular distribution of electrons ejected into the forward hemisphere is found to be independent of the electron energy and largely independent of the target. The Masseq adiabatic criterion yields results for the energy of the maxima of the electron-ejection functions, ir~ disagreement with experiment. Doubly differential cross sections for neon calculated from the distorted-wave Born approximation show only fair agreement with experimental data. A method of determining electron multiplier efficiency based on Poisson statistics is described. I. INTRODUCTION Although the ejection of electrons in collisions accounts for the greater part of the energy loss of ions passing through matter, there are no theoretical methods or combination of methods for calculation which give accurate, detailed information about the distribution of cross sections with electron energy and ejection angle for all targets and energies. The Born approximation is useful only for the simplest targets and only at high collision energies. The classical binary-encounter approximation and the Monte Carlo method also lose accuracy when the incident particle velocity becomes smaller than that of the orbital electron in the target. Lacking an ab initio method of calculation, investigators have sought an understanding of the systematics of electron ejection through semiempirical models or other generalizations from experimental data. At the higher energies (above about 50 or 100 keV) several studies have been made of the doubly differential cross sections (DDCS) for this process. Toburen, Manson, and ~im' investigated electron ejection from rare-gas targets by protons up to 5 MeV by plotting the ratio Y(E, T) of the measured singly differential cross sections (SDCS) to the Rutherford cross section per electron as a function of the electron energy. Such a plot can be compared to photoionization data to obtain information, e.g., on the numbers of target electrons involved in the ionization process and on oscillator strengths. As they point out, this method of study of atoms also applies to molecules as targets since there is no explicit dependence on the wave function, only on the inner- and outer-shell binding energies of the targets.
Optical coherence theory for phase-sensitive light

Optical coherence theory for the complex envelopes of passband fields has been concerned, almost exclusively, with correlations that are all phase insensitive, despite decades of theoretical and experimental work on the generation and applications of light with phase-sensitive correlations. This paper begins the process of remedying that deficiency, by developing coherence theory for classical scalar fields with phase-sensitive fluctuations. In particular, the Wolf equations are extended to phase-sensitive fields, paraxial free-space propagation effects are analyzed, and a normal-mode decomposition for scalar fields of arbitrary coherence is established. The extension of this theory to the field-operator description that is needed to characterize non-classical light beams is briefly discussed.
Relocalization of Phospholipase D Activity Mediates Membrane Formation During Meiosis

Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and are involved in membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal reorganization. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPO14 gene encodes a PLD that is essential for meiosis. We have analyzed the role of PLD in meiosis by examining two mutant proteins, one with a point mutation in a conserved residue (Spo14pK→ H) and one with an amino-terminal deletion (Spo14pΔN), neither of which can restore meiosis in a spo14 deletion strain. Spo14pK→ H is enzymatically inactive, indicating that PLD activity is required, whereas Spo14pΔN retains PLD catalytic activity in vitro, indicating that PLD activity is not sufficient for meiosis. To explore other aspects of Spo14 function, we followed the localization of the enzyme during meiosis. Spo14p is initially distributed throughout the cell, becomes concentrated at the spindle pole bodies after the meiosis I division, and at meiosis II localizes to the new spore membrane as it surrounds the nuclei and then expands to encapsulate the associated cytoplasm during the formation of spores. The catalytically inactive protein also undergoes relocalization during meiosis; however, in the absence of PLD activity, no membrane is formed. In contrast, Spo14pΔN does not relocalize properly, indicating that the failure of this protein to complement a spo14 mutant is due to its inability to localize its PLD activity. Furthermore, we find that Spo14p movement is correlated with phosphorylation of the protein. These experiments indicate that PLD participates in regulated membrane formation during meiosis, and that both its catalytic activity and subcellular redistribution are essential for this function.
The Conceptual Model for Nursing and Health Policy Revisited

A conceptual model of nursing and health policy was proposed by the authors in 2001. Revisions in the model have been made, and the model has been used to guide the evolution of a nursing doctoral program and doctoral dissertation research. The revised model provides a framework for analysis and evaluation of public, organizational, and professional policies influencing the quality, cost, and access to nursing and other health care services, as well as for nursing-discipline specific and health services research at any one of four interacting levels: Level 1--efficacy of nursing practice processes; Level 2--effectiveness of nursing practice processes and effectiveness and efficiency of health care delivery subsystems; Level 3--equity of access to effective and efficient nursing practice processes and efficient nursing practice delivery systems, and equity in distribution of costs and burdens of care delivery; Level 4--justice and the social changes and market interventions addressing equity.
Anti-mitotic effects of colchicine and hydrostatic pressure; synergistic action on the cleaving eggs of Lytechinus variegatus.

Low concentrations (below 0.00005 m) of colchicine and low intensities (below 2,800 psi) of pressure, applied separately to early prophase eggs (lytechinus variegatus) produced no measurable inhibition of the first cleavage division (at 20°c). in combination, however, these subliminal treatments produced marked inhibition. complete blockage, in fact, was observed: at 2,300 psi for eggs in 0.00004 m colchicine; at 2,500 psi for eggs in 0.00003 m; and at 2,800 psi for eggs in 0.00002 m solutions. The curves obtained by plotting percentage inhibition as a function of pressure for each of the colchicine concentrations specified above were approximately parallel to one another; but each decrement in the colchicine concentration shifted the curve about 300 psi higher along the (pressure) abscissa. In short, a distinct synergism was found in reference to the anti-mitotic effects of colchicine and pressure. This result is quite opposite to that reported previously in regard to the actions of heavy water and high pressure. As to basic mechanism, the evidence indicates that both colchicine and pressure exert their effects by inhibiting polymerization of the subunits of a fibrous protein which constitutes an important structural component of the mitotic apparatus or by depolymerizing the mitotic protein, if it already has been formed at the time of treatment.
Coiled Bodies Preferentially Associate with U4, U11, and U12 Small Nuclear RNA Genes in Interphase HeLa Cells but Not with U6 and U7 Genes

Coiled bodies (CBs) are nuclear organelles involved in the metabolism of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and histone messages. Their structural morphology and molecular composition have been conserved ...
Resolution of electrooptic light valves

The voltage distribution in an electrooptic light-valve structure, consisting of an isotropic dielectric layer and a dielectrically anisotropic longitudinal electrooptic crystal sandwiched between conducting electrodes, has been analyzed in detail for the case where a spatial modulation in the charge density is introduced at the interface. The sensitivity of this sandwich structure is then defined as the reciprocal of the charge density necessary to produce the half-wave voltage across the electrooptic material. Several devices reported in the literature are then compared on a uniform plot of sensitivity versus spatial modulation frequency. The theoretical curves indicate graphically that, though the material characteristics alone determine the high-spatial-frequency sensitivity, the layer thicknesses drastically affect the low-spatial-frequency sensitivity. Since the electrooptic material and the isotropic dielectric material are usually chosen because certain characteristics (photoconductivity, optical perfection, low half-wave voltage, etc.) make them uniquely suited for a particular device, the major additional choice available in the design of the electrooptic light valve is this tradeoff of sensitivity for spatial bandwidth.
Aerobic performance does not affect social rank in female Red Jungle Fowl

1. Exercise capacity ultimately constrains behaviour, and therefore may influence social interactions. The hypothesis was tested that individual differences in maximal rates of oxygen consumption (V·O2max) – a primary determinant of sustainable exercise capacity – affect dominance hierarchies in experimental all-female flocks of the highly social Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus). It was also examined whether social rank could in turn influence V·O2max (which is quite plastic in most vertebrates), and whether these relationships were influenced by a common and relatively benign parasite, the intestinal nematode Ascaridia galli. 2. Substantial between-individual variation was found in V·O2max that was significantly repeatable over time, but there was no indication that V·O2max was affected by A. galli infection. Stable social hierarchies were quickly established in 26 of 28 experimental flocks (each contained three females previously isolated from each other). Infection status affected social rank, but there was no consistent pattern between rank and infection. 3. No indication was found that individual differences in V·O2max either predicted the social rank in newly formed flocks, or were affected by social status in established flocks.
Silicon Carbide Via the Hydrolysis-Condensation Process of Dimethyldiethoxysilane/Tetraethoxysilane Copolymers

Transparent monolithic pieces of gel have been prepared from the hydrolysis of a mixture of dimethyldiethoxysilane (DEDMS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The characterization of this gel has been done by infrared and shows that a copolymerization between the two precursors has occurred during the hydrolysis-condensation process. Pyrolysis of this gel lead to the formation of β-SiC at 1550°C. The characterization of the pyrolysing process has been investigated. The Si-CH3 bonds are broken during the heat treatment, leading to a mixture of silica and carbon. The formation of β-SiC is therefore due to a carbothermal reduction of this silica matrix.
STUDIES ON ISOLATED CELL COMPONENTS XVII. The Distribution of Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in Rat Liver Brei Fractionated in the Zonal Ultracentrifuge

The zonal ultracentrifuge was used to separate the subcellular components of rat liver brei into soluble phase, microsomal, mitochondrial, membranous fragments, and nuclear fractions during a single centrifugation. The centrifuge was run at 10,000 to 30,000 RPM for 15 to 240 minutes, and the rotor contained a 1200 ml sucrose gradient, varying linearly with radius from 17 to 55 per cent sucrose with a "cushion" of 66 per cent sucrose at the rotor edge. The distribution of the mitochondria was determined using cytochrome oxidase as the marker enzyme. An automated assay system for cytochrome oxidase was developed utilizing reduced cytochrome c as substrate, modules of the Technicon Autoanalyzer, and the Beckman DB Spectrophotometer. All of the cytochrome oxidase activity was restricted to a single peak in the gradient, and no activity could be detected in the zones occupied by the microsomes and nuclei. The mitochondrial fraction was isolated from rat liver brei in 0.25 M sucrose by differential centrifugation, and then run in the zonal ultracentrifuge.This fraction behaved in the zonal ultracentrifuge in the same way as mitochondria separated directly from intact brei. Observations of the isolated fractions in the phase contrast microscope indicated that a wide variety of granules was present in the mitochondrial zone in addition to the true mitochondria. Under the conditions employed, the mitochondria were sedimented essentially to their isopycnic position in the gradient at approximately 43.8 per cent sucrose, density 1.20 gm/cc.
Mobile VLBI transfer

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has agreed to transfer Mobile Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) equipment and operations to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA will use these mobile systems to create and maintain a National Crustal Motion Network (NCMN) and to support NASA's Crustal Dynamics Project. Consisting of several fixed VLBI sites across the United States, and 40 to 50 additional sites established by mobile VLBI, the NCMN will provide a basic terrestrial coordinate system throughout the United States that has been referenced to the inertial system defined by the fixed VLBI stations. While monitoring crustal deformation across the United States, the NCMN will also establish base stations in the National Networks of Geodetic Control that will also provide accuracy criteria for use with differential and interferometric Global Positioning System receivers. This NCMN will gain further importance as the burden of geodetic observations shifts increasingly to satellite-based techniques in the future.
Vitamin B12 deficiency associated with concomitant metformin and proton pump inhibitor use

Metformin and proton pump inhibitors have been implicated in decreasing levels of vitamin B12 independently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of concomitant use of metformin and proton pump inhibitors on the incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency. A retrospective chart review was done using the computerized patient record system at the Memphis VA Medical Center for 614 patients with type 2 diabetes and previously collected vitamin B12 levels. Patients were excluded if they were over the age of 60 years; on a vegetarian diet; had been diagnosed with pernicious anemia, documented by a positive Schilling test or anti-intrinsic factor antibody, or pancreatic exocrine insufficiency; had undergone a gastrectomy or bowel resection; or had been treated with supplemental calcium, H2 blocker, or B12 within 3 months of data collection. The vitamin B12 levels were assessed …
Improved postoperative analgesia with morphine added to axillary block solution.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine whether the addition of morphine to the axillary block local anesthetic solution provides improved or prolonged postoperative analgesia. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial with 24-hour follow-up. Setting: Ambulatory unit of a large academic referral center. Patients: Consecutive healthy volunteers scheduled for elective upper extremity surgery. Interventions: Patients in the treatment group (AX) were given intravenous (IV) saline and had morphine 0.1 mglkg added to their axillary block .solution. Control subjects (CT) received morphine 0.1 mglkg IV and had saline added to their axillary block solution. All axillary blocks were performed using 0.55 mllkg of 1.5% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000. Measurements and Main Results: During the first 24 hours after surgery, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, supplementary analgesic (oxycodone 5 mg with acetaminophen 500 mg) use, and complications were recorded. Both groups had similar VAS scores throughout the study. In the 24-hour postoperative study period, AX patients required approximately half as many doses (median, 2 doses; range, 0 to 7 doses of supplemental analgesic as CT patients (median, 4 doses; range, 0 to 12 doses). There were no major complications in either group. Conclusions: The addition of morphine 0.1 mg/kg to the local anesthetic axillary block solution provided improved postoperative analgesia without an increased frequency of side effects or major complications.
A hybrid data analysis and mesh refinement paradigm for conformal voxel spectroscopy

Recent advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy have involved defining a conformal polyhedral shape around the tissue of interest (TOI). Up until now, magnetic resonance spectroscopy involved specifying a cuboid encompassing the volumetric shape of the TOI. The signal obtained from the cuboid includes signal from healthy tissue in addition to TOI, resulting in "contamination" of the total signal with non-TOI signal. Additional, a set of planes known as spatial saturation planes may be prescribed around the TOI so that a larger proportion of TOI to non-TOI signal is obtained. In this paper, we propose and implement an algorithm to optimize spatial saturation plane placement, resulting in greater proportion of signal from the TOI. This involves a better definition of the initial region of excitation using principal component analysis, followed by a mesh-based approach for plane placement.
An LQR based optimal tuning method for IMP-based VSI controller for electric vehicle traction drives

The electric motor drive system is one of the most important portions of an Electric Vehicle (EV) where the electric motor is supplied by a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) as an option which is frequently used in single- and three-phase powertrain configurations. This paper illustrates a new method for VSI linear controller coefficient tuning that ensures tracking of the output voltage versus applied reference voltage command in two controller strategies (Proportional-Integral (PI) and Proportional-Resonant (PR)) corresponding to single- and three-phase VSI system case studies. Those controllers are placed within a general structure offered by the Internal Model Principle (IMP) of control theory. The proposed method in this paper is based on redefining the LQR problem in order to improve its capability of addressing the optimal tracking problem. Two specific examples of the method are provided, one for a single-phase VSI and the other for a three-phase VSI. The method as applied to the tuning of a PR and a PI controller, respectively, are studied in detail. Simulation and CHIL (controller hardware in the loop) results are provided for validation of the analytical derivations.
Severe postpartum sepsis with prolonged myocardial dysfunction: a case report

Introduction: Severe sepsis during pregnancy or in the postpartum period is a rare clinical event. In non obstetric surviving patients, the cardiovascular changes seen in sepsis and septic shock are fully reversible five to ten days after their onset. We report a case of septic myocardial dysfunction lasting longer than ten days. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of prolonged septic myocardial dysfunction in a parturient. Case presentation: A 24 year old Hispanic woman with no previous medical history developed pyelonephritis and severe sepsis with prolonged myocardial dysfunction after a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. Conclusions: Septic myocardial dysfunction may be prolonged in parturients requiring longer term follow up and pharmacologic treatment.
A Hint of Whiteness: History Textbooks and Social Construction of Race in the Wake of the Sixties

As historians and publishers scrambled to revise American history textbooks in the wake of the 1960s, textbooks increasingly strove to include the experiences of African Americans and avoid dangerous racial stereotypes. After the Civil Rights movement and decades before scathing criticism of textbooks for their inability to address racism in American history from authors such as James Loewen, one textbook, John Wiltz's The Search for Identity: Modern American History (1973), provided an unprecedented historical narrative. The Search for Identity offered a narrative that reflected America's multiracial past and revealed what recent historians identified as whiteness and the social construction of race. The result was a progressive textbook that explored the nexus of racial identity, white privilege, and American history in a way that may prove invaluable for students in the twenty-first century.
Helix formation by hydroxyamyl‐L‐glutaminyl residues in water and aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate

Conformational properties of the hydroxyamyl-L-glutaminyl residue have been deduced from a CD study of two copolypeptides containing hydroxypropyl-L-glutaminyl residues. Mole fractions of hydroxyamyl-L-glutaminyl residues were 0.17 and 0.45. Zimm–Bragg statistical weights for the hydroxyamyl-L-glutaminyl residue in water are found to be similar to those determined by P.H. von Dreele, N. Lotan, V.S. Ananthan-arayanan, R.H. andreatta, D. Poland, and H.A. Scheraga [(1971) Macromolecules4, 408–417] for the hydroxybutyl-L-glutaminyl residue. Sodium dodecyl sulfate has only a marginal effect on the helix-forming tendency of hydroxyamyl-L-glutaminyl residues in water.
Scheduling Grid workloads on multicore clusters to minimize energy and maximize performance

Energy is a significant and growing component of the cost of running a large computing facility. A grid workload consisting of millions of jobs running on thousands of processors may consume millions of kilowatt hours of electricity. However, because a grid workload generally consists of many independent sequential processes, we may shape its execution to satisfy energy constraints. By varying the number and frequency of processors available, a scheduler may trade off energy against performance. In this paper, we explore energy and performance tradeoffs in the scheduling of grid workloads on large clusters. We build upon previous work by showing the interaction of intelligent job assignment, automated node scaling, and frequency scaling on multicore clusters. An unexpected result is that, even though low frequency is the most efficient mode of operating a single node, the careful application of frequency scaling can actually reduce overall energy consumption even further by reducing the number of nodes powered on.
Global long‐lived chemical modes excited in a 3‐D chemistry transport model: Stratospheric N2O, NOy, O3 and CH4 chemistry

The two longest-lived, major chemical response patterns (eigenmodes) of the atmosphere, coupling N2O and CH4, are identified with the UCI chemistry-transport model using a linearized (N2O, NO y , O3, CH4, H2O)-system for stratospheric chemistry and specified tropospheric losses. As in previous 1D and 2D studies, these century-long 3D simulations show that the e-folding decay time of a N2O perturbation (mode-1: 108.4 y) caused by a pulse emission of N2O is 10-years shorter than the N2O atmospheric lifetime (118.2 y). This mode-1 can also be excited by CH4emissions due to CH4-O3 stratospheric chemistry: a pulse emission of 100 Tg CH4 creates a +0.1 Tg N2O perturbation in mode-1 with a 108-yr e-folding decay time, thus increasing the CH4 global warming potential by 1.2%. Almost all of the 100 Tg CH4 appears in mode-2 (10.1 y).
Empirical Tests of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis When Environmental Regulation is Endogenous

The validity of existing empirical tests of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) is constantly under scrutiny due to two shortcomings. First, the issues of unobserved heterogeneity and measurement error in environmental regulation are typically ignored due to the lack of a credible, traditional instrumental variable. Second, while the recent literature has emphasized the importance of geographic spillovers in determining the location choice of foreign investment, such spatial effects have yet to be adequately incorporated into empirical tests of the PHH. As a result, the impact of environmental regulations on trade patterns and the location decisions of multinational enterprises remains unclear. In this paper, we circumvent the lack of a traditional instrument within a model incorporating geographic spillovers utilizing three novel identification strategies. Using state-level panel data on inbound U.S. FDI, relative abatement costs, and other determinants of FDI, we consistently find (i) evidence of environmental regulation being endogenous, (ii) a negative impact of own environmental regulation on inbound FDI in pollution-intensive sectors, particularly when measured by employment, and (iii) larger effects of environmental regulation once endogeneity is addressed. Neighboring environmental regulation is not found to be an important determinant of FDI.
Faculty professional development in emergent pedagogies for instructional innovation in dental education

Innovative pedagogies have significantly impacted health professions' education, dental education included. In this context, faculty, defined in this study as instructor in higher education, has been increasingly required to hone their instructional skills. The purpose of this exploratory study was to share the design, implementation and preliminary outcomes of two programmes to enhance dental faculty's instructional skills, the Teaching and Learning Seminar Series and the Course Director Orientation. Data sources included faculty and student surveys developed and administered by the researchers; data extracted from the learning management system; reports from the learning analytics tool; and classroom observations. Participants' satisfaction, self-reported learning, instructional behavioural change, and impact on student learning behaviours and institutional practice were assessed borrowing from Kirkpatrick's 4-level model of evaluation of professional development effectiveness. Initial findings showed that faculty in both programmes reported positive learning experiences. Participants reported that the programmes motivated them to improve instructional practice and improved their knowledge of instructional innovation. Some faculty reported implementation of new instructional strategies and tools, which helped create an active and interactive learning environment that was welcomed by their students. The study contributes to literature and best practice in health sciences faculty development in pedagogy and may guide other dental schools in designing professional development programmes.
Law Libraries as Publishers: Using Print-on-Demand

For law journals moving to digital publication, print-on-demand presents a cost-effective way to still provide paper copies for readers.
Site-Selective Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Er-Implanted Wurtzite Gan Under Various Annealing Conditions

The ˜1540 nm 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 emissions of Er3+ in Er-implanted GaN annealed at temperatures in the 400 to 1000 °C range were investigated to gain a better understanding of the formation and dissociation processes of the various Er3+ sites and the recovery of damage caused by the implantation with increasing annealing temperature (TA). The monotonic increase in the intensity of the broad defect photoluminescence (PL) bands with increasing TA proves that these are stable radiative recombination centers introduced by the implantation and annealing process. These centers cannot be attributed to implantation-induced damage that is removed by postimplantation annealing. Selective wavelength pumping of PL spectra at 6 K reveals the existence of at least nine different Er3+ sites in this Er-implanted semiconductor. Most of these Er3+ PL centers are attributed to complexes of Er atoms with defects and impurities which are thermally activated at different TA. Only one of the nine observed Er3+ PL centers can be pumped by direct 4f absorption and this indicates that it is the highest concentration Er3+ center and it represents most of the optically active Er3+ in the implanted sample. The fact that this Er3+ center cannot be strongly pumped by above-gap light or broad band below-gap absorption indicates that it is an isolated center, i.e. not complexed with defects or impurities. This 4f-pumped PL spectrum appears at annealing temperatures as low as 400°C, and although its intensity increases monotonically with increasing TA, the wavelengths and linewidths of its characteristic peaks are unaltered. The observation of this high quality Er3+ PL spectrum at low annealing temperatures illustrates that the crystalline structure of GaN is not rendered amorphous by the ion implantation. The increase of the PL intensities of the various Er3+ sites with increasing TA is due to the removal of competing nonradiative channels with annealing.