cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sleep fragmentation in mice induces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2-dependent mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors in visceral white adipose tissue.

Background Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) without sleep curtailment induces increased adiposity. However, it remains unclear whether mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors (APs) occurs in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT), and whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2) activity plays a role. Methods Changes in VWAT depot cell size and AP proliferation were assessed in wild-type and Nox2 null male mice exposed to SF and control sleep (SC). To assess mobilization, proliferation, and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), Sca-1+ bone marrow progenitors were isolated from GFP+ or RFP+ mice, and injected intravenously to adult male mice (C57BL/6) previously exposed to SF or SC. Results In comparison with SC, SF was associated with increased weight accrual at 3 w and thereafter, larger subcutaneous and visceral fat depots, and overall adipocyte size at 8 w. Increased global AP numbers in VWAT along with enhanced AP BrDU labeling in vitro and in vivo emerged in SF. Systemic injections of GFP+ BM-MSC resulted in increased AP in VWAT, as well as in enhanced differentiation into adipocytes in SF-exposed mice. No differences occurred between SF and SC in Nox2 null mice for any of these measurements. Conclusions Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) induces obesity in mice and increased proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors (AP) in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) that are mediated by increased Nox2 activity. In addition, enhanced migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the systemic circulation into VWAT, along with AP differentiation, proliferation, and adipocyte formation occur in SF-exposed wild-type but not in oxidase 2 (Nox2) null mice. Thus, Nox2 may provide a therapeutic target to prevent obesity in the context of sleep disorders.
Thrombin Augments LPS‐Induced Human Endometrial Endothelial Cell Inflammation via PAR1 Activation

Problem Risk factors for preterm birth include placental abruption, giving rise to excessive decidual thrombin, and intrauterine bacterial infection. Human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and infection-derived agonists trigger HEECs to generate specific inflammatory responses. As thrombin, in addition to inducing coagulation, can contribute to inflammation, its effect on HEEC inflammatory responses to the TLR4 agonist, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was investigated. Method of study HEECs were pre-treated with or without thrombin or specific protease-activated receptor (PAR) agonists, followed by treatment with or without LPS. Supernatants were measured for cytokines and chemokines by ELISA and multiplex analysis. Results Thrombin significantly and synergistically augmented LPS-induced HEEC secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (GRO-α), and significantly augmented monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion additively. Similar to thrombin, a PAR1 agonist synergistically augmented the LPS-induced HEEC secretion of inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, and GRO-α. Conclusion Thrombin, via PAR1 activation, synergistically augments LPS-induced HEEC production of chemokines involved in immune cell recruitment and survival, suggesting a mechanism by which intrauterine abruption and bacterial infection may together be associated with an aggravated uterine inflammatory response.
The survey on the situation of the medical information spreading in China

Objective To discuss the situation and feature of the medical information spreading in China.Methods A quantitative questionnaire survey for 200 general individuals from Beijing and Wuhan,and 80 doctors in Beijing,Hubei,Jiangsu and Guangdong was done to discuss the channels and efficiency of medical information spreading.Conclusion People need to get medical information imminently.There are 5 main channels and methods,which had advantages and disadvantages.The spreading efficiency was limited.
Phenomenological Analysis on Marxist Freedom of Press:The Three-Part-Structure of Socialism,Constitutionalism and Freedom of Press

Through phenomenological reduction,this paper suggests that socialism is the foundation of achieving material freedom.In a constitutional government of socialism,news media embodies a function as public power.While By the essential intuitional means of phenomenology,the author argues that the three-part-structure of socialism,constitutionalism and freedom of press reflects Marxist freedom of press.
Improved Thermal Circuit Model of Hot Spot Temperature in Oil-immersed Transformers Based on Heat Distribution of Winding

To calculate the hot spot temperature(HST) of transformer windings more precisely and to provide reference for the over-load capacity and insulation life of power transformer, we proposed an improved dynamic equivalent calculation model based on the traditional bottom oil temperature(BOT) thermal circuit model, by which the heat distribution of winding and heat conduction are analyzed. In the proposed model, the equivalent heat source of hot spot is clearly defined according to the axial temperature distribution of winding and the dynamic temperature properties of oil viscosity and loss are considered. We set up the temperature rise experiment platform of power transformer and applied the optical fiber temperature measurement system to obtain the HTS of transformer winding. Then, we compared the calculated results of the improved HST model with results of other calculation methods and measured temperature curve of power transformer. It is concluded that the winding temperature rise curve from the improved HST model is more effective, and error coefficient of this model is smaller than that of other methods, and is of higher prediction precision. The error coefficient is reduce least 40%.
Research of n-heptane hydroisomerization over MCM-48 molecular sieve catalysts

The catalytic performance of n-heptane isomerization on Ni-PMo/MCM-48 was discussed.The catalysts were characterized by using XRD,BET surface area and Py-IR.The effect of reaction temperature,reduction temperature,reduction time,and reduction hydrogen flowrate on the catalytic performance were studied.The result showed that with Ni content 3% and PMo content 30%,reduction temperature 400 ℃,reduction time 4 h,reduction hydrogen flowrate 30 mL/min,and reaction temperature 300 ℃,the activity of Ni-PMo12/MCM-48 was the best,the conversion of n-heptane was 14.2%,and isomerization selectivity to i-heptane could reach 65.6%.
Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristic of Rubella in Qingdao City in 2008

Objective To understand the prevalence of rubella in Qingdao,provide scientific basis for rubella control and prevention.Method Data of rubella cases in Qingdao in 2008 were analyzed.Results 203 rubella cases were reported in 2008 in Qingdao.The morbidity was 2.7/100 000.The highest incidence was in LiCang district,accounting for 6.8 /100 000.127 rubella cases were reported from April to May,accounting for 75.1%.69 cases aged from 15 to 19 were reported,accounting for 34.0%.172 cases were the people no or unclear immunization history,accounting for 84.7%.Conclusion The main causes of rubella prevalence were people infected in hospital,people no immunization history and people with low immunity level.More attention must be paid to infection in hospital,and perfecting people immunization of rubella vaccine.
Race, Gender, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the U.S. Military Differential Vulnerability?

U.S. service women were exposed to more combat-related trauma in recent wars compared to prior conflicts and consequently faced an increased risk of trauma-related mental health outcomes. In this s...
NOS Expression and NO Function in Glioma and Implications for Patient Therapies.

Abstract Significance: Gliomas are central nervous system tumors that primarily occur in the brain and arise from glial cells. Gliomas include the most common malignant brain tumor in adults known as grade IV astrocytoma, or glioblastoma (GBM). GBM is a deadly disease for which the most significant advances in treatment offer an improvement in survival of only ∼2 months. Critical Issues: To develop novel treatments and improve patient outcomes, we and others have sought to determine the role of molecular signals in gliomas. Recent Advances: One signaling molecule that mediates important biologies in glioma is the free radical nitric oxide (NO). In glioma cells and the tumor microenvironment, NO is produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3. NO and NOS affect glioma growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, differentiation state, and therapeutic resistance. Future Directions: These multifaceted effects of NO and NOS on gliomas both in vitro and in vivo suggest ...
Colon and Rectal Trauma

Principles of management for colorectal trauma from any cause are aimed at providing a safe, conservative approach. Injuries produced by external trauma, proctosigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and during barium enema as well as colorectal foreign bodies are discussed.
Consumers’ Perceptions of Online and Bricks-and-Mortar Advertised Price Promotions

The objective of this research is to extend the existing research on consumers’ discounting of discounts to the online shopping channel. We investigate consumers’ perceptions of and behavioral intentions with regards to advertised price discounts for online and bricks-and-mortar stores as well as for name brand and store brand products. Specifically, the extent to which consumers discount the advertised discount level is examined. Lastly, the price discount thresholds and saturation points are determined and compared across the two retail channels and product brands. Overall, this research provides a contemporary analysis of consumers’ perceptions and responses to advertised price discounts and offers a comprehensive analysis of all possible discount levels (from 10 to 90 %). This is the first research to include an investigation in an online retailing context and compare the results to a traditional bricks-and-mortar context. Results demonstrate that there is a greater discounting of discounts online versus in a bricks-and-mortar retail context, and, for low reputation brands, the promotion threshold level is higher in an online context, compared to bricks-and-mortar.
The effects of wrongful discharge protection on foreign multinationals: Evidence from transaction-level data

Using detailed micro-level data from 1977 to 1994, we analyze the impact of employment protection measures adopted across US states on the number and the value of new inbound foreign direct investment (FDI) transactions completed by foreign-owned companies. Our findings point to a robust negative association between the implementation of employment protection laws and both the extensive and the intensive margins of FDI in the US. When states adopt regulations that increase employers’ firing costs, FDI transactions by foreign multinational companies become less frequent and decrease in value, with stronger negative impacts in more labour-intensive industries. There is also some evidence of diversion and spillover effects from the adoption of these measures by neighbouring states.
Electrospun hematite nanofiber/mesoporous silica core/shell nanomaterials as an efficient adsorbent for heavy metals

Functionalized nanomaterials hold tremendous promise for water treatment because their high surface area makes them ideal sorbents for pollutants like heavy metal ions that are pervasive in global water supplies. Here, a novel core/shell nanomaterial consisting of an electrospun hematite nanofiber core and a mesoporous silica shell of tunable thickness (from 20–60 nm) was prepared for the first time. The synthesis involved careful control of pH and sequential addition of the silica source to control the growth and ultimately, thickness of the mesoporous silica shell on the electrospun hematite nanofiber. The core/shell structure was subsequently tailored for heavy metal adsorption by grafting an aminopropyl functional group on the mesoporous silica surface. The resulting electrospun hematite/mesoporous silica core/shell nanomaterials were extensively characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and ζ potential measurements both before and after adsorption of the Cr(III), from aqueous solution. Notably, sorption capacities for Cr(III) exceeded those previously reported for other nanostructured sorbents for this metal. The advantages of these core/shell materials include controllable surface area through introduction of porosity and the option for facile surface modification to optimize physicochemical interactions for pollutant uptake. These nanocomposites also exhibit improved chemical resistance in harsh environments. At acidic pH values, for example, the core/shell nanomaterials were more chemically resistant to iron dissolution than the parent electrospun hematite nanofibers, which broadens the range of waste streams to which these sorbents can be applied.
Hindered Care: Institutional Obstructions to Carework and Professionalism in Czech Nursing

Over its history, while nursing responsibilities have shifted from primarily hygienic tasks (vocational work) to more medically centered duties (professional work), the work of care remains at the core of the nursing profession. Nurses judge themselves and each other as professionals based on how well they are able to care for the patients in their charge. A professional nurse's ability to care centers on the institutional environment in which she works. Using an ethnographic case study of Czech nurses as migrants, this article explores how the discourse of care work enables nurses to examine their professional identities in different institutional contexts, that of their native Czech Republic and in foreign workplaces. At its foundation, I explore what happens when the institutional setting in which caring is supposed to take place hinders the production of caring practices.
Deleterious Consequences of UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase Inhibition for Nematodes

Parasitic nematodes pose a serious threat to agriculture, livestock, and human health. Increasing resistance to antiparasitic agents underscores the need to replenish our anthelmintic arsenal. The nonpathogenic Caenorhabditis elegans, which serves as an effective model of parasitic helminths, has been used to search for new anthelmintic leads. We previously reported small-molecule inhibitors of the essential C. elegans protein UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM or Glf). This enzyme is required for the generation of galactofuranose (Galf)-containing glycans and is needed in nematodes for proper cuticle formation. Though our first-generation inhibitors were effective in vitro, they elicited no phenotypic effects. These findings are consistent with the known difficulty of targeting nematodes. C. elegans is recalcitrant to pharmacological modulation; typically, less than 0.02% of small molecules elicit a phenotypic effect, even at 40 μM. We postulated that the lack of activity of the UGM inhibitors was due to th...
Ultrasound in Pregnancy

The use of ultrasound in pregnancy has increased immensely since it was first used during pregnancy in the 1960s. Elements of each type of ultrasound are clearly defined, and following these protocols with consistency is part of good clinical care. Diagnostic ultrasonography appears to be safe during pregnancy; however, ultrasound use for entertainment is discouraged [1].
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: an incidental finding during laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Key Clinical Message Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Lack of clinical symptoms and findings on preoperative upper endoscopy makes its diagnosis difficult in bariatric patients. A laparoscopic resection of the gastric GIST during bariatric surgery is associated with good long-term prognosis.
Synchronized and Democratized Smart Grids To Underpin The Third Industrial Revolution

Abstract Power systems are going through a paradigm change. Centralized large generating facilities are being replaced with millions of widely dispersed, incompatible, non-synchronous and relatively small renewable or alternative power plants, plug-in EVs, and energy storage units. Moreover, the majority of loads are expected to actively regulate system stability as well. This paradigm change, called the democratization of power systems, is comparable to the great historical event of personal computers replacing mainframes in the technology domain or republics replacing monarchies in the political domain. In this paper, some concepts and principles in politics are borrowed to study power systems. The term synchronized and democratized smart grid (in short, SYNDEM) is coined and the most fundamental features of a democratized society, i.e., the rule of law and the legal equality, are established for SYNDEM. The synchronization mechanism of synchronous machines is identified as the natural rule of law to govern SYNDEM and the legal equality is achieved via operating power electronic converters as virtual synchronous machines (VSM) to homogenize all heterogeneous players. Then, a lateral system architecture is presented to implement SYNDEM. This actually offers a technical solution to realize the lateral power to underpin The Third Industrial Revolution envisioned by Jeremy Rifkin. As a result, all active players in a grid, large or small, conventional or renewable, supplying or consuming, can equally and laterally regulate the grid in a synchronous manner to enhance the stability, scalability, operability, reliability, security and resiliency of future power systems. Live discussions and future updates on this subject are available via joining the LinkedIn group at https://www.linkedin.com/groups/7061909.
ESTRADIOL MODULATION OF THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM AND THE REGULATION OF FEAR EXTINCTION

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more prevalent in women than men, yet much remains to be determined regarding the mechanism underlying this sex difference. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that low estradiol levels during extinction of fear conditioning in rodents (i.e., cue exposure therapy in humans) leads to poor extinction consolidation and increased fear during extinction recall. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is also associated with stress-related pathologies, and RAS antagonists can enhance extinction consolidation in males. However, less is known about how estradiol and the RAS converge to alter fear extinction consolidation in females. Since estradiol downregulates the RAS, we determined the role of surgically (via ovariectomy [OVX]) and pharmacologically (via the hormonal contraceptive [HC], levonorgestrel) clamping estradiol at low levels in female rats on fear-related behavior, serum estradiol and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels, and angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) binding in the brain. We then tested whether the AT1R antagonist losartan would alter fear-related behavior in an estradiol-dependent manner. We found that both OVX and HC treatment produced extinction consolidation deficits relative to intact female rats in proestrus (when estradiol levels are high), and that losartan treatment mitigated these deficits and reduced freezing. OVX, but not HC, altered AT1R ligand binding, though HC reduced estradiol and increased Ang II levels in plasma. These findings have significant clinical implications, indicating that administration of an AT1R antagonist, especially if estradiol levels are low, prior to an exposure therapy session may improve treatment outcomes in females.
Case Studies of Multi-Method SHM with PWAS Transducers: Damage ID in Experimental Signals

This chapter illustrates the SHM methodology through case studies. In the first case study, a simple situation is considered in which a specimen of simple geometry is exposed to increasing amounts of damage. The simple geometry of the specimen allows the development of closed-form analytical solutions that permit the prediction of the SHM signals to be recorded on a pristine specimen. These predictions are compared with pristine specimen experimental data in order to validate the SHM measurement method using the E/M impedance technique. Subsequently, the validated SHM method is used to record data on specimens with increasing amounts of damage. Various damage-detection methods are applied to the recorded data and compared: (a) damage metrics; (b) statistical methods; (c) probabilistic neural nets. The second case study deals with a specimen of complicated geometry. This aircraft-like specimen is a built-up panel with construction features similar to those found in actual aging aircraft. Two specimens are considered, one pristine and the other damaged. Signal prediction analysis is not practical for this specimen because of its complicated geometry; hence, the study is performed entirely experimentally. Two SHM measurement methods are discussed and compared on these specimens: (a) the pulse-echo method; (b) the E/M impedance technique. The two techniques are used to detect the same damage, which is a crack emanating from a rivet hole.
Teaching Bible for Transformation

The fact that the Bible transforms lives, or rather, the engagement with scripture transforms lives, begs the question: How? This article addresses this question by first considering two prior ques...
An elaborated action design research process model

This research essay proposes an elaborated process model for applying the action design research (ADR) approach to immersive industry-based projects. Building on the original ADR concepts, we ident...
Simulation and fabrication of BST FBAR resonator

In this paper a switchable and tunable bulk acoustic wave (BA W) resonator based on Barium Strontium Titanite (Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3) with MOD deposition on high resistivity Sapphire substrate was implemented using six layers of Silicon dioxide and Tantalum oxide as Bragg reflector. Finite Element Modeling was used for simulation of the resonator to obtain the return loss S11 and both series and parallel resonant frequencies and compared with the result of fabricated resonator.
Conclusions, Opportunities, Challenges

This chapter discusses opportunities and challenges with case-based reasoning. Case-based reasoning is both a cognitively plausible model of reasoning and a method for building intelligent systems. It is grounded in common sense premises and observations of human cognition and has applicability to a variety of reasoning tasks, providing for each a means of attaining increased efficiency and better performance. Case-based reasoning integrates problem solving, understanding, learning, and memory into one framework. As more specific knowledge provides more easily usable advice than abstract knowledge, the model advocates attempting use of the most specific knowledge available to reason before attempting to apply more abstract knowledge. Because using bigger chunks of knowledge to reason is more efficient than piecing together many smaller chunks, it advocates attempting use of the biggest chunks of knowledge available before attempting application of smaller chunks of knowledge. The most specific biggest chunks of knowledge available to people are their experiences, and case-based reasoning identifies the reasoning that people do based on recalled experiences as the primary reasoning process.
Context effects at the level of the sip and bite

Abstract Context effects are interactions that occur when one stimulus is presented with another stimulus. Such effects can be categorized as intrinsic (the contextual stimulus is integral to the target stimulus) or extrinsic (the contextual stimulus is external to the target stimulus). In foods and beverages, context effects can also be categorized by their level of examination—at the level of the meal, dish, food or bite and sip. This chapter focuses on intrinsic effects at the most microscopic level—the bite or sip. It examines contextual interactions occurring when one ingredient, flavorant or sensory attribute is perceived within the context of other ingredients, flavorants or sensory attributes, either simultaneously or sequentially. Although these effects can be approached from their underlying sensory mechanisms, for the purpose of presenting them as part of the broader manifestation of “contextual” effects in food, a simpler, more descriptive approach is taken that provides completeness to the question of how changing “context” in food and meal situations can alter consumers’ sensory and hedonic experience.
S13.3 Do rectal bacterial STIs in women matter? who should we test and when?

Rectal bacterial STIs are increasingly recognized as common infections among clinic-attending women, with estimated prevalences of 5% for rectal Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and 9% for rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Although these prevalences are similar to urogenital GC and CT among these same populations of women, we know very little about the health implications or epidemiology of rectal STIs among women. Rectal STIs are typically asymptomatic and the infections themselves may not be morbid conditions. However, some investigators have hypothesized that women could autoinoculate bacteria from the rectum to the vagina which may result in reproductive tract sequelae in the absence of vaginal sex. Even if there were strong evidence to suggest this does occur, it is unclear which populations of women should be targeted for rectal screening. Employing current screening guidelines for urogenital infections would assure treatment of women with concurrent rectal STI, but would miss women with isolated rectal STI. Further, the efficacy of azithromycin for CT may be lower in the rectum than the urogenital tract, suggesting that screening and treating women for urogenital CT without regard to the presence of rectal CT may result in a persistent rectal infection. Alternatively, rectal STI screening could be limited to women who report anal sex. However, the prevalence of rectal STIs is similar among women who do and do not report anal sex, suggesting that this screening strategy would miss a substantial proportion of cases. Finally, some have hypothesized that oral acquisition of CT may lead to rectal infection. If this route is possible, rectal screening for women who report penile-oral sex may be warranted. This session will review the epidemiologic and microbiologic evidence on these topics and will discuss what studies are needed to address the gaps in our understanding of these infections and define a way forward. Disclosure No significant relationships.
The Structure of Turbulent Flows

Structural properties of turbulent flows are introduced and classified in the present chapter. They have been the subject of experimental and theoretical research for a long time, see the proceedings of the IUTAM symposium in Cambridge U.K. 1989 [1] for the topological and geometric aspects of flow structures.
Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in lung transplant recipients with and without cystic fibrosis

The objective of this work was to characterize and compare the population pharmacokinetics (PK) mycophenolic acid (MPA) in adult lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and without the disease (NCF) following repeated oral administration of the prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as an immunosuppressant. Three separate 12-h PK visits were conducted for lung transplant patients with or without CF following repeated MPA treatment with at least a 2-week break between the visits. A population PK model was developed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM), and the contribution of physiological and pathological factors and time dependence of apparent oral clearance (CL/F) were assessed. For both CF and NCF patients, MPA serum concentration-time profiles were best described by a two-compartment PK model with first-order absorption. CF patients had a slower absorption rate (Ka), and elevated CL/F and volume of distribution (Vd/F) compared with NCF patients. There is a significant contribution of body weight and CF disease to MPA CL/F, and both were included in the final model as covariates. The population PK model developed from our study successfully characterizes the absorption, distribution, and elimination of MPA in lung transplant recipients with or without CF disease. The decrease of MPA absorption and increase of both oral clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V2/F and V3/F) in the CF patients would suggest the importance of MPA therapeutic monitoring for this group.
Percolative charge transport in binary nanocrystal solids

We simulated electron transport across a binary nanocrystal solid (BNS) of PbSe NCs with diameters of 6.5 nm and 5.1 nm. We used our hierarchical nanoparticle transport simulator (HINTS) to model the transport in these BNSs. The mobility exhibits a minimum at a large-NC-fraction ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}=0.25$. The mobility minimum is deep at $T=80\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and partially smoothed at $T=300\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. We explain this minimum as follows. As the LNC fraction ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}$ starts growing from zero, the few LNCs act as traps for the electrons traversing the BNS because their relevant energy level is lower. Therefore, increasing the ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}$ concentration of these traps decreases the mobility. As increasing ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}$ reaches the percolation threshold ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}$=${f}_{P}$, the LNCs form sample-spanning networks that enable electrons to traverse the entire BNS via these percolating LNC networks. Transport through the growing percolating LNC networks drives the rapid growth of the mobility as ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}$ grows past ${f}_{P}$. Therefore, the electron mobility exhibits a pronounced minimum as a function of ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}$, centered at ${f}_{\mathrm{LNC}}={f}_{P}$. The position of the mobility minimum shifts to larger LNC fractions as the electron density increases. We have studied the trends of this mobility minimum with temperature, electron density, charging energy, ligand length, and disorder. We account for the trends by a renormalized-trap model, in which capturing an electron renormalizes a deep LNC trap into a shallow trap or a kinetic obstacle, depending on the charging energy. We verified this physical picture by constructing and analyzing heat maps of the mobile electrons in the BNS.
Representation of cultures and communities in a global ELT textbook: A diachronic content analysis:

This study examines the representation of cultures and communities in the world across five editions of New Headway elementary level textbook (NHE). It conducts a diachronic content analysis to exp...
Testicular Leydig cell tumor in a 64-year old man with cytological high grade features and no metastasis

Abstract Leydig cell tumor is an uncommon and often benign sex-cord stromal tumor of the testis. We present a case of a 64-year old with a testicular mass with uncharacteristically high-grade cytology and ultrasound imaging which after excision was diagnosed as an LCT and pathologically staged as T1M0. Literature review suggested that features observed in this tumor (high mitotic rate, necrosis, atypical nuclear features, ultrasonographic heterogeneity), may place it among the 10% of LCTs that are malignant, yet its staging proved otherwise. Hence, we set out to describe this tumor in detail and review the differential diagnosis. The immunohistochemical profile of this tumor (positive for alpha-inhibin, calretinin, Melan-A, and cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and negative for OCT4 and podoplanin) proved valuable in making the diagnosis.
Research on Power Grid Fault Diagnosis Method Based on PMU Data and Convolutional Neural Network

With the rapid development of the power system, it becomes more and more complex, and the safety and stability performance is also facing severe tests. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a fast and accurate method for power grid fault diagnosis. The wide application of synchronous phasor measurement technology has laid the foundation for accurate fault diagnosis in the power grid. Therefore, based on the measurement data of the synchronous phasor measurement unit (PMU) simulated by digsilent simulation software, a sample set with a time series of 8 seconds and characteristic parameters of three-phase current and zero sequence current amplitude was constructed. Proposed a power grid fault diagnosis method using one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), which realized the end-to-end “timing feature extraction + fault type classification”. The verification of simulation and measured data shows that compared with the traditional power grid fault diagnosis method, the proposed method can make more accurate fault type diagnosis with shorter response time.
An Anti-Interference System for Stationary and Moving Interferers

Advanced radars, sonars, mobile communication systems, and radio astronomy systems are not immune to CW/wideband unwanted interference signals that can cause disruption, spoofing, and jamming. In this paper an anti-interference system for stationary and moving interferers nulling system based on minimizing the unwanted received power to a given threshold power level at a given direction is presented. The algorithm for the adaptive array applies appropriate phases (weights) upon sampling the converted RF power level to a DC voltage. Currently, controllers based on Arduino are used for feasibility. Using FPGAs instead has significantly reduced detection time.
Heuristic algorithms to solve combinatorial problems with photonics

Combinatorial problems, such as the Ising problem, are hard to solve with conventional electronics. Photonic systems have recently been proposed as an efficient platform to solve these problems faster and more efficiently, thus calling for the development of featured algorithms to run on photonic machines. A few recent findings, including the Photonic Recurrent Ising Sampler, a photonic machine that recurrently solves arbitrary Ising problems, will be presented in this talk, along with their experimental realizations in various platforms.
Mechanisms of change in depression and anxiety within a mind-body activity intervention for chronic pain.

Abstract Background Chronic pain is challenging and costly to treat. Depression and anxiety co-occur with chronic pain. Identifying psychosocial mechanisms contributing to emotional outcomes among chronic pain patients can inform future iterations of this intervention. Methods We examined explanatory mechanisms of change in emotional distress following a mind-body and activity intervention among 82 participants (21 – 79 years old, 65.85% female, 80.48% White). With depression and anxiety as outcomes, we hypothesized that potential mediators would include pain catastrophizing, mindfulness, and pain resilience. We used mixed-effects modeling to assess the indirect effects of time on each outcome variable through hypothesized mediators simultaneously. Results Improvements in depression from baseline to post-treatment were most explained by pain catastrophizing (b = -2.53, CI = [-3.82, -1.43]), followed by mindfulness (b = -1.21, CI = [-2.15, -0.46]), and pain resilience (b = -0.76, CI = [-1.54, -1.66]). Improvements in anxiety from baseline to post-treatment were most explained by pain catastrophizing(b = -2.16, CI = [-3.45, -1.08]) and mindfulness (b = -1.51, CI = [-2.60, -0.65]), but not by pain resilience, (b = -0.47, CI = [-1.26, 0.17]). Limitations Findings are limited by the lack of a control group, relatively small sample, and two timepoints. However, findings can guide future mind-body intervention efficacy testing trials. Conclusions Pain catastrophizing and mindfulness appear to be important intervention targets to enhance emotional functioning for chronic pain patients, and should be considered simultaneously in interventions for chronic pain.
Intraparenchymal Schwannoma: A Rare Entity.

A 60-year-old woman noted headaches, transient visual obscurations and pulsatile tinnitus. She had Frisen grade 4 papilloedema. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a large subfrontal cystic mass with ring enhancement. Tumour pathology was in-keeping with an intraparenchymal schwannoma. This uniquely rare tumour is discussed.
How Epstein–Barr Virus and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Are Maintained Together to Transform the Same B-Cell

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) independently cause human cancers, and both are maintained as plasmids in tumor cells. They differ, however, in their mechanisms of segregation; EBV partitions its genomes quasi-faithfully, while KSHV often clusters its genomes and partitions them randomly. Both viruses can infect the same B-cell to transform it in vitro and to cause primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) in vivo. We have developed simulations based on our measurements of these replicons in B-cells transformed in vitro to elucidate the synthesis and partitioning of these two viral genomes when in the same cell. These simulations successfully capture the biology of EBV and KSHV in PELs. They have revealed that EBV and KSHV replicate and partition independently, that they both contribute selective advantages to their host cell, and that KSHV pays a penalty to cluster its genomes.
“Anyone? Anyone?”: Promoting inter-learner dialogue in synchronous video courses

Abstract Previous discussions of synchronous modalities for online writing instruction have suggested the interpersonal benefits of this mode could minimize the isolation and transactional distance students can experience in online education. However, previous research on synchronous video courses (SVCs) has noted challenges for communication in this modality. This study examined these tensions between affordance and practice in SVCs, exploring how and why students participated and interacted in certain ways in these courses. A triangulated methodology of discourse analysis of class interactions and thematic analysis of interviews with students and instructors from the observed courses was used to present the prevalent discourse patterns within these courses and to contextualize these patterns within students’ and instructors’ experiences. Drawing on the findings of this study, this article presents recommendations for instructional practices faculty can use in SVCs to leverage the affordances and mitigate the challenges of teaching and learning in this modality.
Applying first-best principles of taxation—what to tax and how

This chapter presents a discussion on the first-best principles of taxation. The chapter deals with the practical problems that legislators and administrators wrestle with in designing broad-based taxes such as income, wealth, sales, and value added taxes. Economists have proposed five economic objectives that governments should strive for in designing broad-based taxes: ease of administration and taxpayer compliance, minimize dead-weight loss, promote long-run economic growth, maintain flexibility, and honor society's norms of fairness or equity. The first objective takes precedence in the sense that if a tax does not meet both parts of this objective it simply should not be used. Ease of administration refers to the ability of a department of revenue to collect the taxes due easily and economically at a small fraction of the cost of the revenues raised. Ease of taxpayer-compliance refers to the taxpayer's ability to understand the tax code and pay the taxes owed with minimal effort, record keeping, and cost. The chapter considered a number of reforms that would make the tax conform more closely to traditional ability-to-pay principles—such as removing certain exclusions and deductions. However, these reforms would not necessarily make the tax more equitable under a proper utility-based interpretation of these same principles because reforms themselves generate inequities. Equity in taxation is as difficult to achieve as equity in any other context.
Alkali-Silica Reaction Mitigation Using Nano-silica and Fly Ash

Alkali-aggregate reaction was first observed in the US during 1920s. In the last several decades, several studies investigated the mechanisms of alkali-silica reaction in concrete and the extent of damage it may cause to the cementitious matrix. Research on alkali-silica reaction mitigation covers mainly the use of supplementary cementitious materials and lithium compounds. Meanwhile, nano-silica has proved its capacity to enhance concrete properties. Nano-silica consists of highly reactive high surface area particles generally available dispersed in a solution. The addition of nano-silica to concrete can significantly enhance the overall cementitious matrix and the interfacial transition zone in specific. Such enhancements can lead to refined pore structure, lower overall permeability and higher strength. The use of nano-silica in infrastructure project promises longer service life with low maintenance activities resulting in substantial economic savings. In the current study, the use of effect of nano-silica on the alkali-silica reaction will be investigated. Results show that nano-silica can help mitigate the effect of alkali-silica reaction.
Hybrid Quantum Computing

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the construction of a hybrid quantum computer that operates on both continuous and discrete quantum variables. Such hybrid computers are shown to be more efficient than conventional quantum computers for performing a variety of quantum algorithms, such as computing eigenvectors and eigenvalues.
Granulosa cell tumor containing glandular structures.

Abstract A case of bilateral granulosa cell tumors containing glandular structures is reported.
H/sub /spl infin// control of systems under norm bounded uncertainties in all system matrices

This paper concerns H/sub /spl infin// control of systems under norm bounded uncertainties in all the system matrices. This is an extension of the work by Xie et al.(1992), where only the A matrix is allowed to be uncertain. It is found that the problem shares the same formulation with the H/sub /spl infin// control problem for systems without uncertainties. It can also be viewed as reducing the problem of dealing with systems with both structured uncertainties and unstructured uncertainties to one with unstructured uncertainties only. >
Cute Drawings? The disconnect between students' pictorial representations and their mathematics responses to fraction questions

Third and fourth grade students’ responses to open-ended questions requiring the modeling of fraction concepts were examined in order to determine the types and prevalence of difficulties students exhibit using pictorial representations in the problem-solving process. When developing pictorial representations, students experienced difficulties with model selection, partitioning, and comparison. Four specific difficulties students experienced in using pictorial representations to solve problems were remembering the problem goal, partitioning to develop equivalence, applying model applications when comparing fractions, and conservation of part-whole concepts. As a result of the data analysis, a rubric evaluating student progress was designed to guide the instruction of fraction modeling. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Ergebnisse der Empirischen Studie

Hier werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der okonometrisch statistischen Datenanalyse bezogen auf die zu uberprufenden Forschungshypothesen (entsprechend des Uberblicks in Tbl. (3.4) / Abb. (3-1) sowie Tbl. (3.10) / Abb. (3-5)) vorgestellt. Dabei wird die wichtige Make-or-Buy Entscheidung im UI Kontext untersucht (Kapitel 5.1), ehe anschliesend die Analyse der Performance in UI Forschungsprojekten erfolgt (Kapitel 5.2). Wichtig ist es, kurz zu vermerken, dass in allen aufgefuhrten okonometrisch statistischen Modellen die benotigten Annahmen (vgl. hierzu die Ausfuhrungen in Kapitel 4.4) nach entsprechender Uberprufung erfullt sind, so dass hierzu im weiteren Verlauf keine Angaben gemacht werden, sondern die Ergebnisprasentation sich auf die Uberprufung der Forschungshypothesen fokussiert.
To support emergency management by using active modeling: a case of Hurricane Katrina

Reducing the complexity and surprise of emergencies can efficiently alleviate negative impacts on society, either local or global. A good model which can simplify complex events by constructing views to describe changes of entity behaviors and the dynamic and time-varying relationships is the key approach to handle surprise crises. Conventional conceptual modeling has limitations on mapping dynamic real world. Active modeling is suggested as the appropriate way to deal with such surprises. A case study of Hurricane Katrina is used as an example to explain some active modeling concepts including temporal conceptual modeling, multi-perspective modeling, and data, information and knowledge integration.
To Order the Minds of Scholars: The Discourse of the Peace of Westphalia in International Relations Literature

References to the Peace of Westphalia have played an important role in the discourse of international relations. Originally referred to as a concrete historical event and associated with a variety of meanings, such as the triumph of state sovereignty, the establishment of a community of states, and even the beginnings of collective security, the Peace was later transformed into a conceptualization of the international system. Beginning in the late 1960s, phrases like “Westphalian system” came to convey a package of ideas about international politics limited to the supremacy of state sovereignty, territoriality, and nonintervention, to the exclusion of other meanings. This conceptualization serves as a popular and convenient contrast to a more globalized order, but there are problems with its use: first, because the Westphalian system is an ideal-type that might never have actually existed, the impact of globalization may be exaggerated by scholars who employ it. Second, its use implies a linear progression from some Westphalian configuration toward some “post-Westphalian” state of affairs, whereas actual system change is likely to be more complex.
Performance of adaptive linear interference suppression for DS-CDMA in the presence of flat Rayleigh fading

The performance of adaptive linear interference suppression for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access is evaluated in the presence of flat Rayleigh fading. Interference suppression is achieved with an adaptive digital filter which attempts to minimize the mean squared estimation error. A model for the reverse link of a cellular system is assumed which accounts for both intra- and other-cell interference, and stochastic arrivals and departures of transmitted packets. All received signals experience both long-term shadowing and short-term Rayleigh fading. Variations on decision-directed and blind least squares adaptive algorithms are presented which are compatible with differential coding and detection. Computer simulation results are presented which compare the uncoded performance of the adaptive scheme with the conventional matched filter. These results indicate that the adaptive approach is insensitive to variations in received power (averaged over fades), and offers a significant gain in capacity (measured in Erlangs per cell) at modest to high error rates (5-15%).