cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Support and Its Link to Workplace Trust Among Correctional Staff: An Exploratory Research Note

Private security staff play an important role in protecting society, including those who work in private prisons. Working in a private prison is a demanding job. Staff are responsible to ensure tha...
Debating Diversity and Social Justice Curricular Requirements: How Organizational Culture at a Liberal Arts College Informed the Change Process

For the past four decades, predominantly white colleges and universities throughout the United States have adopted diversity curricular requirements. While evidence suggests these courses yield pos...
Modernity and the Classical Tradition: Architectural Essays 1980-1987

Since the early 1960s, the rigor and conceptual clarity of Alan Colquhoun's criticism and theory have consistently stimulated debate and have served as an impetus for the pursuit of new directions in both theory and practice. This new collection of essays displays Colquhoun's concern with developing a coherent discourse for the rampant pluralism that dominates contemporary architecture.In the first four essays Colquhoun carefully examines some of the concepts classicism, romanticism, historicism, and rationalism that have prevailed in architectural discourse during the past two centuries. He observes that all theories of architecture have in fact developed within the context of the changing meaning of history and continue to do so: "even today, the positions taken up by the various protagonists of the present architectural debate are based, explicitly or implicitly, on assumptions about the role of history in the formation of modern cultural values."Colquhoun then looks at the role of history in relation to the classical avant-garde. These three essays focus on Le Corbusier, whose work best exemplifies the tensions and contradictions of the modern movement as he attempted to mediate between past and present. Essays in the book's final section address current controversies, particularly the problem of so called postmodernism, anchoring the current predicament once again to the historical context in which we "think architecture."Alan Colquhoun divides his time between England, where he is a principal in the firm of Colquhoun & Miller, and the United States, where he is Professor of Architecture at Princeton University. His previous collection of essays received the 1985 ArchitecturalCritics Award.
Vicinal Tricarbonyl products from singlet oxygen reactions.: Application to the synthesis of carbacephams.

Abstract Vicinal tricarbonyl systems are readily formed by reacting β-dicarbonyl precursors with DMF acetal to form enamines which are then cleaved by photooxidation. This procedure may be applied to the formation of carbacephams.
MAHIS-Based Analysis and Design of Petroleum Reservoir Characterisation System

Petroleum reservoir characterisation is a new practical technology for synthetically studying and evaluating petroleum reservoir. Reservoir properties are a set of parameters which are usually used to recognise the geologic information in spatial variability. Lithology, permeability, and porosity are widely used to determine the oil well or field production rate of hydrocarbon. Since the complexity of the underground geology, a single intelligent technique can not solve the complicated and elaborate geologic problems. It is necessary that those geologic problems are synthetically studied by combining the multiple intelligent techniques. We employed neural networks, fussy algorithms, expert system, etc. to solve complicated lithology identification, porosity prediction, permeability estimation, and well logs curve-digitizing in this paper. We analyse and design an agent-based hybrid intelligent system by following MAHIS (Methodology for constructing Agent-based Hybrid Intelligent System). The system starts with the digitisation of well logs parameter graphs based on expert system. Identification of lithology and prediction of porosity and permeability can be conducted by using hybrid intelligent techniques. Four intelligent technique agents (complicated lithology identification with parthenogenetic algorithm, porosity prediction with neural network, permeability estimation with fuzzy neural network, and well logs curve-digitizing with expert system) has been integrated.
Measuring Equity Capital for Stress -- Testing Large Financial Institutions

The Dodd-Frank Act seeks to assure financial stability in part by mandating periodic stress tests for large and systemically important financial institutions. Appropriately, the legislation leaves implementation issues to regulatory staff, including choice of the standard for assessing whether individual institutions "pass" the stress tests. This paper recommends that stress test results be evaluated in terms of a narrow definition of equity capital that includes all available fair value adjustments. Simultaneous stress tests for important financial institutions can help supervisors determine the fair value of intangible and off-balance-sheet assets and liabilities, which are typically excluded from capital measures.
A high-efficiency hybrid series resonant DC-DC converter with boost converter as secondary for photovoltaic applications

Microconverters used for modular photovoltaic (PV) power conditioning systems require high efficiency over a wide input-voltage range. This paper introduces a series resonant converter through hybrid operation to meet this requirement. Under all input voltage conditions, the converter can achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and/or zero-current switching (ZCS) of the primary-side devices and ZCS and/or ZVS of the secondary-side devices. The topologies and the three operation modes are introduced firstly. Especially, the steady state analysis based on the steady trajectories are presents in details. The design procedures of the power state are also introduced. The experimental results based on a 300-W prototype are given with 98.1% peak power stage efficiency and 97.6% CEC efficiency including all the auxiliary and control power under the 30V input voltage condition.
Counterregulatory Actions of Angiotensin-(1-7)

Abstract Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a bioactive component of the renin-angiotensin system that is formed endogenously from either Ang I or Ang II. The first actions described for Ang-(1-7) indicated that the peptide mimicked some of the effects of Ang II, including the release of prostanoids and vasopressin. However, Ang-(1-7) is devoid of vasoconstrictor, central pressor, or thirst-stimulating actions. In fact, new findings reveal depressor, vasodilator, and antihypertensive actions that may be more apparent in hypertensive animals or humans. Thus, the accumulating evidence suggests that Ang-(1-7) may oppose the actions of Ang II either directly or by stimulation of prostaglandins and nitric oxide. These observations are significant because they may explain the effective antihypertensive action of converting enzyme inhibitors in a variety of non–renin-dependent models of experimental and genetic hypertension as well as most forms of human hypertension. In this context, studies in humans and animals showe...
The sn stars - Magnetically controlled stellar winds among the helium-weak stars

The paper reports observations of magnetically controlled stellar mass outflows in three helium-weak sn stars: HD 21699 = HR 1063; HD 5737 = Alpha Scl; and HD 79158 = 36 Lyn. IUE observations show that the C IV resonance doublet is variable on the rotational timescale but that there are no other strong-spectrum variations in the UV. Magnetic fields, which reverse sign on the rotational timescale, are present in all three stars. This phenomenology is interpreted in terms of jetlike mass loss above the magnetic poles, and these objects are discussed in the context of a general survey of the C IV and Si IV profiles of other more typical helium-weak stars.
Association of mutator activity with UV sensitivity in an aphidicolin-resistant mutant of Chinese hamster V79 cells

Abstract The spontaneous mutation rates of an ultraviolet light (UV)-sensitive aphidicolin-resistant mutant (aphr-4-2) and its revertants have been determined by 2 techniques. By using the fluctuation analysis, the mutant and its thymidine (TdR)-prototrophic ‘revertant’ were found to exhibit elevated spontaneous mutation rates at the 6-thioguanine- and diphtheria-toxin-resistant loci. In constrast, the TdR-auxotrophic ‘revertant’ did not show this property. Similar results were obtained by the multiple replating technique. From these comparative studies and other previous characterizations, it appears that a single gene mutation is responsible for the following pleiotropic phenotype: slow growth, UV sensitivity, high UV-induced mutability, high frequency of site-specific bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-dependent chromosome breaks and enhanced spontaneous mutation rate. Recent studies indicate that the mutation may be on the gene for DNA polymerase α. The results further indicate that thymidine auxotrophy or imbalance in nucleotide poolsis not necessarily associated with the mutator activity in mammalian cells.
A stochastic model for a closed biochemical system at equilibrium

This paper presents a stochastic model, a theoretical multi-variate probability function describing concentrations of reactants in a closed biochemical system at equilibrium. The theory applies to the complete range of biochemical systems from single enzyme reactions to combinations of reactions to complete pathways. Prior to examining the general system, probability functions are derived for the following systems as examples: a reaction with a competitive inhibitor. a bisubstrate reaction using the ping-pong mechanism and a series of two mono-substrate reactions. The theory of Markov processes is used to derive the probability functions for each of the example systems and then for the general system which includes the example systems as special cases. The probability function for any appropriate biochemical system proves to be the product of independent Poisson probabilities conditioned on the conservation equations. Finally, the implications of the theory are briefly discussed and possible extensions proposed.
Studies on the synthetic compatibility of aryloxime linkers in the solid-phase synthesis of 3-aminobenzisoxazoles.

Further exploration of the scope of our solid-phase method for the synthesis of 3-aminobenzisoxazoles (using the Kaiser oxime resin 1) is described. The effects of base, leaving group, and solvent on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution based resin-loading reaction are discussed. Representative aryloxime intermediates were subjected to a variety of acidic conditions commonly used in protecting group removal to establish the acid stability profile of this linker. Regioselectivity was evaluated with various di- and trifluorobenzonitriles, which gave single benzisoxazole products after loading and cyclorelease reactions. Substituent effects observed in the course of the acid stability and regioselectivity studies suggest that the nitrile plays a critical role in the oxime hydrolysis mechanism. Finally, to establish the compatibility of the aryloxime linker with a variety of useful on-resin synthetic transformations, functionalized substrates were loaded onto resin 1, and carbon−nitrogen, carbon−oxygen, and...
Processing and properties of advanced porous ceramics: An application based review

Abstract Ceramics with engineered porosity are promising materials for a number of functional and structural applications including thermal insulation, filters, bio-scaffolds for tissue engineering, and preforms for composite fabrication. In this application based review of advanced porous ceramics, the microstructure of porous components is discussed in terms of the necessary features required to achieve the ideal properties for the intended application. The processing methods that are capable of producing the required microstructure are addressed. Those methods which allow the pore structure to be tailored or controlled are considered the most favorable processing techniques.
The feedback inhibition of basal disk regeneration in Hydra has a continuously variable intensity.

Abstract We have investigated the effects of varying the interval between excising a hydra's basal disk and restoring a disk by grafting, and of varying the size of the grafted disk, on the frequency with which the host animal regenerates a basal disk of its own. The results (which are fully consistent with negative feedback control of disk regeneration) are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the effective feedback signal is all-or-none. The results are in excellent accord with a simple mathematical model which assumes that the feedback has a continuously variable intensity, and that the targets of the feedback have a continuously variable threshold. Interpreted according to this model, the results show that host thresholds increase linearly with time, at a rate identical for all hosts, and that the intensity of inhibition is an increasing linear function of the size of the grafted basal disk.
Effectiveness of a prescale gel on subgingival calculus

A prescale gel product, designed to facilitate the removal of calculus, has recently been introduced and marketed to the dental profession. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this gel on the removal of subgingival calculus. 10 patients, each with 5 periodontally diseased teeth scheduled for extraction, participated in this in vivo/in vitro study. 4 teeth per patient were randomly assigned using a 2-by-2 block design and treated in vivo with either active or placebo gel, with or without scaling, prior to extraction. To assess possible overexposure to the product, 10 selected teeth from the sample were treated with active gel for an extended exposure time. Standardized scaling was performed on a 4x4 mm treated root area in vitro on groups as assigned. Quantification of residual calculus was determined by one examiner blind to treatment group assignment using SEM photomicrograph montages and the Java image analysis computer system. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no statistically significant treatment effect for gel (p > 0.05) in the scaled and no-scaled groups. The 5th group exposed to the prescale gel for an extended time was evaluated descriptively for root surface morphological changes with no noticeable effect. Based on the results of this investigation, treatment of subgingival calculus with prescale gel offers no advantage for calculus removal over scaling alone. The findings suggest no significant clinical impact of product use.
Sexual positions: caveats and second thoughts on "categories".

I am deeply honored to be asked to address the Conference on Latin American History, especially on the topic of gay/lesbian studies. As a way of discussing gay studies in Latin America, let me reflect on my ethnographic research on gender and sexuality in Nicaragua. Because I am an anthropologist, I will focus on problems of ethnographic representation. But ultimately and, I think, logically, these problems open to historical questions as well. First, then, a brief reprise of my arguments about male same-sex relations, as developed in Life is Hard and elsewhere.
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 enhances coagulation and diminishes fibrinolytic vulnerability in diluted plasma in vitro.

Background: A carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer; CORM-2) enhances coagulation and attenuates vulnerability to fibrinolysis in normal and hemophiliac human plasma. We tested the hypothesis that plasma diluted with resuscitative fluids would demonstrate improved coagulation and decreased fibrinolytic vulnerability after exposure to CORM-2. Methods: Normal, platelet-poor plasma was diluted 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% with 0.9% NaCl (NS) or low-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch (VOL) and, subsequently, exposed to 0 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L CORM-2 before activation with tissue factor (n = 4 per condition). Additional plasma samples diluted with NS or VOL (0% or 30%) were exposed to 0 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L CORM-2 and 0 U/mL or 100 U/mL tissue-type plasminogen activator to assess fibrinolytic vulnerability (n = 8 per condition). Thrombelastographic data were collected until either clot strength stabilized or clot lysis occurred, as appropriate. Results: CORM-2 exposure maintained normal to supranormal velocity of clot formation and strength in plasma diluted up to 40% with NS. In contrast, although CORM-2 exposure improved coagulation kinetics, dilution with VOL markedly degraded thrombus formation kinetics. Similarly, fibrinolytic vulnerability to tissue-type plasminogen activator was markedly improved by CORM-2 exposure in samples diluted with NS, whereas VOL-diluted thrombi were still abnormally weak and easily lysed compared with undiluted samples despite CORM-2 exposure. Conclusions: CORM-2 exposure attenuated the decrease in coagulation kinetics and enhancement of fibrinolytic vulnerability associated with hemodilution. Extensive preclinical investigation remains to be performed to determine the route of administration, safety, and efficacy of CORM-2 and other CORMs to treat trauma-associated bleeding.
Bubble formation from a free-standing tube in microgravity

Abstract The bubble characteristics and the bubble detachment mechanisms during injection of air from a free-standing capillary tube submerged in water were studied in microgravity. The experiments were conducted in the 2.2-s drop tower at the NASA Glenn Research Center. A tube, 0.51 mm in diameter and 150 mm long, in a rectangular test section ( 5 cm × 5 cm × 41 cm long) served as the injector. Images of the bubbles during the drops were acquired using a high-speed camera for various gas flow rates. Bubble detachment was observed for all the Weber numbers tested (0.28–31.12). This observation was different from previous studies using plate orifices in microgravity when bubble detachment was observed only for Weber numbers larger than 8. In order to resolve these differences, experiments were carried out using plate orifices. It was found that the bubbles detached from the orifice for all Weber numbers and that the bubbles formed were larger than those formed with the tube injector, particularly at low gas flow rates. The availability of a large area for the bubble to anchor itself and the presence of the chamber underneath the orifice could cause these differences. The effects of the chamber volume on the unsteadiness of bubble formation in plate-orifices at low gas flow rates are discussed.
Microfinancing in Bangladesh: Impact on households, consumption and welfare

Abstract This paper examines the welfare and distributional implications of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Bangladesh in a general equilibrium framework. The major findings are that MFIs raise income and consumption levels of households, reduce income inequality and enhance welfare. This implies that microfinance is an effective development strategy and has important policy implications regarding poverty reduction, income distribution and achievement of millennium development goals (MDGs).
Imitating Paul: 1 Cor 4:16

In 1 Cor 4:8–13 Paul sharply contrasts his life of hardship as an apostle with that of the Corinthians who glory in spiritual riches and power. In this context he admonishes the Corinthians to imitate him (μιμηταί μoυ γίνeσθe) and even sends Timothy to remind them of “my ways in Christ” (ἀναμήσeι τὰϛ ‘δoύϛ μoυ τὰϛ ἐν Ξριττῷ 'I7eta;σoῦ, 1 Cor 4:16–17). But Paul offers almost no guidance that would enable us to ascertain specifically what aspects of his life are to be imitated. The lack of specificity on Paul's part has vexed many interpreters of 1 Cor 4:16. In the hope of clarifying what Paul means by the central term, “imitator,” scholars have studied its use elsewhere in the Pauline corpus (1 Cor 11:1; 1 Thess 1:6–7; 2:14; Phil 3:17; cf. also the deutero-Pauline passages, 2 Thess 3:7–9; Eph 4:32–5:1).
D-cycloserine facilitates extinction of naloxone-induced conditioned place aversion in morphine-dependent rats.

Background Cues paired with drug administration trigger relapse to drug seeking by inducing conditioned drug craving and withdrawal. Because drug cues hinder abstinence in addicts, therapies that reduce responsiveness to drug cues might facilitate rehabilitation. Extinction is a means of reducing conditioned responses and involves exposure to the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus with which it was paired previously. We examined conditioned withdrawal extinction using naloxone-induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) in morphine-dependent rats. Methods Morphine-dependent rats were trained to associate an environment with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Subsequently, they received extinction training in which they were confined in the previously naloxone-paired environment in the absence of acute withdrawal. In some rats, the N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor partial agonist D-cycloserine (DCS) was administered before extinction training. Results Morphine withdrawal-induced CPA persists in the absence of extinction training. Administration of DCS before extinction training facilitates extinction. Conclusions D-cycloserine facilitates extinction of morphine withdrawal-associated place aversion. This effect is qualitatively similar to the effect of DCS on extinction of conditioned fear, raising the possibility of common neural mechanisms. This work extends our understanding of drug cue responsivity and provides a rationale for the development of extinction-based treatments for addiction.
A non-PC look at principal components

Two principal-component methods are used in color science. For a given data set of spectra, one method finds the best-fitting subspace about the mean spectrum, and the other finds the best-fitting subspace about the zero spectrum. The first of these was originally developed for illuminants and the second for reflectance analysis. Yet there seems to be no strong argument for choosing one method over the other, in either case. Hence it is urged that each of us declares which one we are using, even if making that discrimination is considered “non-PC” (i.e., not “politically correct”). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 69–71, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.
Studies of psychophysical methods for measuring visual thresholds.

The comparative adequacy of various psychophysical procedures employed to measure visual thresholds has been investigated. Adequacy is defined by: (a) reliability; (b) inferred validity; and (c) sensory-determinacy Reliability refers to the extent to which repetitions of measurements made under presumably identical experimental conditions differ from each other. Inferred validity refers to the extent to which measurements depend upon variables which are generally conceded to be irrelevant to the visual functions of interest. Sensory-determinacy refers to the absolute magnitude of the threshold. The lower the threshold, the more sensory-determinate it is considered to be. Procedural variables which have been studied include the response utilized by the subject to indicate discrimination; the number, spacing, and order of light intensities presented in the measurement series; the general attitude which the subject adopts; and the extent to which the subject is given knowledge of the correctness of his responses. Psychophysical procedures have been found which appear to have optimum reliability, validity, and sensory-determinacy.
Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN, NAN and WAN

Since the introduction of the smart grid, accelerated deployment of various smart grid technologies and applications have been experienced. This allows the traditional power grid to become more reliable, resilient, and efficient. Despite such a widespread deployment, it is still not clear which communication technology solutions are the best fit to support grid applications. This is because different smart grid applications have different network requirements – in terms of data payloads, sampling rates, latency and reliability. Based on a variety of smart grid use cases and selected standards, this paper compiles information about different communication network requirements for different smart grid applications, ranging from those used in a Home Area Network (HAN), Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) and Wide-Area Network (WAN). Communication technologies used to support implementation of selected smart grid projects are also discussed. This paper is expected to serve as a comprehensive database of technology requirements and best practices for use by communication engineers when designing a smart grid network.
Secular rates of twinning in Asia: recent observations and review of literature.

Objective: To study the rates of twinning in Asian countries using the most recent data available. Method: A Medline search was performed and all primary and secondary references obtained. Results: Data was obtained from 5 Asian countries from reports published between 1983 and 1993. Total twinning rates varied. Conclusion: Twinning among Asians is much more variable than had been reported previously. Further documentation in this area is indicated.
The formation of superexcited organic species in field ionization sources

Abstract Collisionally produced superexcited states of organic molecules have been observed in a quadrupole mass spectrometer employing a field ionization source. The production and detection of these superexcited molecules is unique to the experimental arrangement and, therefore, escaped earlier observation in other spectrometers. The mechanism of formation of the superexcited molecules involves the collision of highly energetic ions with a solid surface. These species are ionizable in a time-dependent field. A lower limit on the lifetime of the excited isolated molecules is found to be ≈ 10 −6 s.
Role of Self-Expandable Metal Stents in Acute Variceal Bleeding

Acute variceal bleeding continues to be associated with significant mortality. Current standard of care combines hemodynamic stabilization, antibiotic prophylaxis, pharmacological agents, and endoscopic treatment. Rescue therapies using balloon tamponade or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are implemented when first-line therapy fails. Rescue therapies have many limitations and are contraindicated in some cases. Placement of fully covered self-expandable metallic stent is a promising therapeutic technique that can be used to control bleeding in cases of refractory esophageal bleeding as an alternative to balloon tamponade. These stents can be left in place for as long as two weeks, allowing for improvement in liver function and institution of a more definitive treatment.
The reaction of atomic carbon with oxygen: significance for the natural radio-carbon cycle☆

The nuclear reaction responsible for producing natural radio-carbon in the upper atmosphere, N/sup 14/(n,p)C/sup 14/, can be duplicated in an atomic reactor. When C/sup 14/ atoms so produced are reacted with N/sub 2/-O/sub 2/ mixtures under a variety of conditions and when corrections are made for complicating radiation induced effects CO/sup 14/ is found to account for 90 to 100% of the C/sup 14/ produced. This result was confirmed by work with C/sup 11/ in much weaker radiation fields. Previously it was tacitly assumed that C/sup 14/ O/sub 2/ must be the product of such a reaction. Since C/sup 14/ as CO cannot be utilized in the photosynthetic process, suggested mechanisms for converting carbon monoxide into a chemical form suitable for entrance into the biosphere are reviewed. The relatively long mean life of atmospheric CO leads to the prediction that the specific activity of natural CO may quite possibly be greater than that of atmospheric CO/sub 2/ and therefore of the biosphere with which CO/ sub 2/ is in equilibrium. (auth)
Contrasting Effects of UV-A and UV-B on Photosynthesis and Photoprotection of β-carotene in two Dunaliella spp.

Photosynthetic and antioxidant responses following exposure to either ultraviolet-A or ultraviolet-B were contrasted in two species of the unicellular green alga, DUNALIELLA: Species selection was based on the ability of Dunaliella bardawil (UTEX 2538) to accumulate inter-thylakoid beta-carotene when subjected to environmental stress while Dunaliella salina (UTEX 200) lacks this ability. Cells were cultured in high and low levels of visible light (150 and 35 micro mol photons m(-2 )s(-1), respectively) and then either ultraviolet-A (320-400 nm) or ultraviolet-B (290-320 nm) was added to visible light for 24-h exposure. A potassium chromate solution was found to be an ideal screen for removal of ultraviolet-A and ultraviolet-C from ultraviolet-B radiation. There were no significant changes in photosynthetic or antioxidant parameters following exposure to ultraviolet-B. Ultraviolet-A exposure significantly decreased photosynthetic parameters (>70% decrease in Fv/Fm and the ratio of light-limited to light-saturated photosynthesis in low beta-carotene cells) and resulted in 50% increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity and ascorbate concentrations. The results suggest exposure to ultraviolet-A (but not ultraviolet-B) directly affects photosynthesis, observed as a loss of photosystem II electron transport efficiency and increased radical formation. This research indicates that the accumulated beta-carotene in D. bardawil prevents UV-related photosynthetic damage through blue-light/ultraviolet-A absorption (supported by trends observed for antioxidant enzyme responses).
You eat what you are: autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in leukemia

A deeper understanding of the role of autophagy, literally ‘self-eating’, in normal and cancer cell biology has emerged over the last few years. Autophagy serves as a vehicle for cells to respond to various stressors including genomic, hypoxic and nutrient stress, and to oppose mechanisms of ‘programmed’ cell death. Here, we review not only mechanisms of cell death and cell survival but also the early successes in applying autophagy inhibition strategies in solid tumors using the only currently available clinical inhibitor, oral hydroxychloroquine. In acute leukemia, currently available chemotherapy drugs promote cell death and demonstrate clinical benefit, but relapse and subsequent chemotherapy resistance is common. Increasing preclinical data suggest that autophagy is active in leukemia as a means of promoting cell survival in response to chemotherapy. We propose coupling autophagy inhibition strategies with current cytotoxic chemotherapy and discuss synergistic combinations of available anti-leukemic therapies with autophagy inhibition. Furthermore, novel autophagy inhibitors are in development and promise to provide new therapeutic opportunities for patients with leukemia.
Adsorption and Reaction of Acetaldehyde on Shape-Controlled CeO2 Nanocrystals: Elucidation of Structure–Function Relationships

CeO2 cubes with {100} facets, octahedra with {111} facets, and wires with highly defective structures were utilized to probe the structure-dependent reactivity of acetaldehyde. Using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed surface reactions (TPSR), and in situ infrared spectroscopy, it was determined that acetaldehyde desorbs unreacted or undergoes reduction, coupling, or C–C bond scission reactions, depending on the surface structure of CeO2. Room-temperature FTIR indicates that acetaldehyde binds primarily as η1-acetaldehyde on the octahedra, in a variety of conformations on the cubes, including coupling products and acetate and enolate species, and primarily as coupling products on the wires. The percent consumption of acetaldehyde ranks in the following order: wires > cubes > octahedra. All the nanoshapes produce the coupling product crotonaldehyde; however, the selectivity to produce ethanol ranks in the following order: wires ≈ cubes ≫ octahedra. The selectivity and other dif...
Fluorescent properties of the Escherichia coli D-xylose isomerase active site.

The consequences of active site mutations of the Escherichia coli D-xylose isomerase (E.C. 5.3.1.5) on substrate binding were examined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved tryptophan residues in the E. coli enzyme (Trp49 and Trp188) reveals that fluorescence quenching of these residues occurs during the binding of xylose by the wild-type enzyme. The fluorescent properties of additional active site substitutions at His101 were also examined. Substitutions of His101 which inactivate the enzyme were shown to have altered spectral characteristics, which preclude detection of substrate binding. In the case of H101S, a mutant protein with measurable isomerizing activity, substrate binding with novel fluorescent properties was observed, possibly the bound pyranose form of xylose under steady-state conditions.
Behavioral thermoregulatory responses to hypothalamic cooling and warming in baboons.

Abstract To study the role of hypothalamic thermoreceptors in behavioral thermoregulation, four baboons adapted to living in primate chairs were trained to bar press on a variable interval schedule for peripheral infrared heat. Cooling the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic region for 1.5 hr in neutral Ta (24°C) led baboons to bar press rapidly for heat reinforcement during the initial 30–60 min that body temperature recorded from the midbrain rose 1–2°C. During this time baboons seemed alert, exhibited cutaneous vasoconstriction and often shivered. After the temperature reached a plateau at hyperthermic levels, baboons became quiet, decreased bar pressing for heat, stopped shivering, and peripheral vasoconstriction appeared reduced. Hypothalamic cooling performed in hot (40°C) ambient temperature similarly appeared to lead baboons to work for heat. After intravenous infusion of bacterial pyrogen (Piromen) baboons bar pressed for heat during the chill (rising temperature) phase of pyrexia. When the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic region was warmed for 30-min periods in baboons maintained in cold (12°C) ambient temperature their rate of bar pressing, which had been high, fell 50 per cent. During central warming, baboons seemed lethargic, exhibited cutaneous vasodilatation, and midbrain temperature dropped 1.3°C. Thus, in all experiments, the amount of bar pressing for heat correlated positively with changing midbrain temperature and physiological thermoregulatory events. In other experiments, bar pressing for heat in cold ambient temperature diminished following paralytic peripheral vasodilatation caused by alpha adrenergic blockade, but after hypothalamic cooling bar pressing again rose. This finding, plus the observation that hypothalamic cooling led baboons to work for heat in hot ambient temperature, shows that behavioral thermoregulatory responses occur in absence of inflow from cutaneous cold receptors.
WE-C-J-6C-02: Investigation of Variables Affecting Residual Motion for Respiratory Gated Radiotherapy

Purpose: Breathing training may help improve respiration motion regularity. This study was conducted to statistically and clinically determine if residual motion was affected by some characteristics of patients. The aims of this study were: 1) To identify significant characteristics affecting respiratory motion for respiratory-gated radiotherapy, 2) To investigate time trends of respiration motion over a period of days (inter-session) and 3) To investigate time trends of respiration motion within the same day (intra-session). Method and Materials: 24-lung cancer patients were enrolled in an IRB approved protocol; acquiring 331, 4-minute, respiration motion traces with free breathing, audio-instructions and audio-visual biofeedback for approximately 5-sessions each. The residual motion was quantified by the standard deviation of the displacement within the gating window. The generalized linear model was used to obtain coefficients for each variable within the model and evaluate the clinical and statistical significance. The statistical significance was determined by a p-value <0.05 while effect sizes of ⩾0.05cm were considered clinically significant. Effect size is calculated as the product of estimated coefficients with the range of that variable. This data analysis was applied to: time independent analysis, inter-session analysis and intra-session analysis. Results: Disease type and dose-per-fraction were significant for both inhale and exhale-based gating. In addition, for inhale-based gating visual training displacement, breathing type and Karnosky-performance status values were significant for inhale-based gating. The inter-session and intra-session analysis did not show significant time trends for any of the variables considered. Conclusion: Certain variables were found to be significant for time independent analysis. The results of the inter-session analysis indicated that the margin component to account for residual motion during gated radiotherapy remained constant throughout the treatment. Also, the patients breathing did not alter over a period of time within a session and they could maintain the reproducibility during a treatment fraction.
Unexpected findings in a study of visual perception during the naturalistic near-death out-of-body experience

A study (Holden, 1988) of visual perception during the naturalistic near-death out-of-body experience (nND OBE), that aspect of the NDE in which the experiencer seems to view normal physical surroundings from a vantage point outside the physical body, yielded some unexpected findings that contradicted or augmented previous research. The majority of respondents were able to estimate the duration of the nND OBE; a sizable proportion reported delay of recall of the nND OBE; and the vast majority reported receptivity to subsequent verification of nND OBE perceptions. Each of these findings is discussed relative to previous research and analyzed in light of the limitations of the current study. Implications for further research are discussed.
A role for plasmin in platelet aggregation: Differential regulation of IGF release from IGF–IGFBP complexes?

Abstract Objectives To determine if plasmin differentially augments platelet aggregation through variable efficiencies of IGF–IGFBP complex cleavage. Methods We utilized ADP-triggered platelet aggregation assays to test the effects of IGF-I versus IGF-II in complex with IGFBP-2 or IGFBP-3 upon the efficiency of plasmin (a known IGFBP protease) as a pro-aggregatory stimulus. In vitro proteolysis assays were performed as controls. Results We found that IGF-I complexes augmented platelet-mediated aggregation whereas IGF-II either had no effect (IGFBP-2) or inhibited platelet-mediated aggregation (IGFBP-3). In vitro proteolysis assays of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 using plasmin revealed that three of the four aggregation findings were explained by the disparate efficiencies of IGFBP proteolysis associated with each IGF. Only IGF-II–IGFBP-2 complex resulted in a finding that could not be explained by the concept of differential regulation of plasmin’s proteolysis efficiency by the two IGF ligands. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the plasmin can differentially modulate platelet aggregation in response to intrinsic heterogeneities within the IGF axis.
Completing Incomplete Commutative Latin Squares With Prescribed Diagonals

The main diagonal and the upper left-hand r × r square of an n × n array contain symbols, the remaining cells are empty. We give simple necessary and sufficient conditions for completing the array to a commutative Latin square. We apply these results to give a short proof of Cruse's theorem, and an embedding theorem for half-idempotent commutative Latin squares.
Gerbilline Cholesteatoma Development Part III. Increased Proliferation Index of Basal Keratinocytes of the Tympanic Membrane and External Ear Canal

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the rate of basal cell division for keratinizing epithelium (KE) of the tympanic membrane (TM) and external ear canal (EAC) in spontaneous and induced gerbilline cholesteatomas.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Cholesteatomas (3 spontaneous and 5 by induction) were labeled with tritiated thymidine for autoradiography and a KE proliferation index (PI) was determined. The PI was defined as the average number of labeled cells/mm overall and per anatomic region.RESULTS: For all regions combined, the PI was 27.3 in ears with cholesteatoma and 4.1 in normal ears (P < 0.0001). Additionally, there were significant regional differences in the PI in both normal ears and ears with cholesteatoma.CONCLUSION: The KE of cholesteatomas in gerbils proliferates at approximately 7 times the rate measured in control ears.SIGNIFICANCE: Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes is a causative factor in the development and progression of spontaneous and experimental cholesteatomas in gerbils.
The University of California, Berkeley library: In search of the optimal link with campus accounting

This is not going to be a “how we done it good” talk. At Berkeley, the link between our INNOPAC system and Campus Accounting’s system is only semiautomated. In some ways, what we have now is no better than what we have had since 1976. But Stephen Marine encouraged me to tell you about our half-success, because our struggles, negotiations, and frustrations may address pitfalls some of you can avoid, some features to hold out for, some compromises to refuse, and some of the politics of dealing with disbursement bureaucracies. I will not leave you thinking that an efficient link with campus accounting cannot be done with INNOPAC, however. After my remarks, Jeri Van Goethem, the Acquisitions/Serials Librarian at Duke University, will describe how her institution, also an INNOPAC library, goes beyond downloading invoice data via diskette to use PTP protocol in a state-of-the-art automated systems bridge. Let me start with some background. The accounting connection at Berkeley started back in the mid-197Os, when Datapoint, an ancestor of INNOVACQ, was developed in The Library at Berkeley. They wrote programs that would output on a 1” x 2.5” sticker for each account fund or “pot of money” to be debited, the amount of a given invoice to be charged to that “pot.” Each endowment, large donation, grant, or subdivision of the state allocation constitutes a separate “pot” and is kept in a separate account-fund. Any use tax to be imposed and some control information also are shown on each sticker. These stickers were an automatic by-product of creating an order or of paying an invoice “lump sum.” There was no extra voucher preparation, bookkeeping, or annotating necessary to activate payment. Each invoice, decorated by as many stickers as account funds to be debited, and signed once, was dispatched to Campus Accounting. There, keypunchers followed preset data-input prompts that enabled them to quickly key in the data as it appeared on the sticker, and their disbursement system automatically wrote checks to the vendors, combining multiple invoices, debiting the various “pots” of money behind the scenes, and producing monthly summary ledgers by account-fund number. This was 1976 state-of-the-art. Over 100,000 monographs and 80,000 serials were paid for this way for about a decade with hardly a glitch. The turnaround
The efficacy of booster maintenance sessions in behavior therapy: Review and methodological critique

Abstract The use of booster sessions has long been advocated as a maintenance strategy in behavior therapy. A review of the literature from the past 18 years identified 30 clinical trials of booster maintenance sessions spanning eight target problem behaviors. After reviewing these studies, it is concluded that maintenance sessions have been moderately successful in maintaining treatment-induced behavior change. Suggestions for improving upon the methodology and use of maintenance sessions are discussed.
Vector polarization in reactions with spin-1 particles.

It is shown that in any reaction involving partially or entirely, spin-1 particles, the reaction amplitudes can be completely determined from a set of experiments that does not include measurements of vector polarization for any of the spin-1 particles in the reaction. In this sense, measurements of the vector polarization of any of the spin-1 particles in the reaction are dispensable. The result is applicable to any nuclear or particle reaction, for example, those containing deuterons, rho mesons, etc.
Soluble and Immobilized Vegf Induce Distinct Patterns of VEGFR2 Phosphorylation Mediated by Intracellular Trafficking

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important regulator of blood vessel growth. Matrix-binding and non-matrix-binding isoforms of VEGF stimulate production of blood vessel networks that are structurally and functionally different. Here, we develop a computational model of the binding of soluble and immobilized ligands to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), endosomal trafficking of VEGFR2, and site-specific VEGFR2 tyrosine phosphorylation to study differences in induced signaling between these VEGF isoforms. We build our model using experimental data in multiple cell lines, under different conditions, from several groups. In capturing essential features of VEGFR2 signaling and trafficking, our model suggests that VEGFR2 trafficking parameters are largely consistent across multiple endothelial cell lines. Simulations demonstrate distinct cellular localization of VEGFR2 phosphorylated on tyrosines 1175 and 1214. This is the first model to clearly show that differences in site-specific VEGFR2 activation when stimulated with immobilized VEGF compared to soluble VEGF can be accounted for by altered trafficking of VEGFR2 without an intrinsic difference in receptor activation. The model predicts that Neuropilin-1 can induce differences in the surface-to-internal distribution of VEGFR2, and that ligated VEGFR2 and phosphorylated VEGFR2 levels diverge over time following stimulation. We validated our model by successfully predicting changes in VEGFR2 phosphorylation resulting from perturbations of multiple phosphatases acting on VEGFR2. Using this model, we identify multiple key levers that alter how VEGF binding to VEGFR2 results in different coordinated patterns of multiple downstream signaling pathways. Specifically, simulations predict that perturbations of VEGFR2 trafficking (e.g. via VEGF immobilization), interactions with Neuropilin-1, and changes in expression or activity of phosphatases acting on VEGFR2 all affect the magnitude, duration, and relative strength of VEGFR2 phosphorylation on Y1175 and Y1214, and they do so predictably within our single consistent model framework.
Blunt ureteropelvic junction disruption.

2 previously healthy 41-year-old woman fell off a horse nto her left side. She was not trampled and was able to emount and ride home. She later became lightheaded nd presented to our trauma center. Physical examinaion revealed left lower quadrant and left flank tenderess. A Foley catheter was inserted and hematuria was oted. CT of the abdomen with intravenous contrast emonstrated a urinoma tracking over the left psoas uscle. Delayed CT image (Fig. 1) and volumeendered CT reconstruction (Fig. 2) of the kidneys deict ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) injury (Figs. 1A, 2A, rrow) with preferential drainage into the urinoma (Figs. B, 2B). Rigid cystourethroscopy with a left retrograde yelogram confirmed the laceration of the left renal pelis. A double J ureteral stent was placed. Hematuria esolved on hospital day 4 and the patient was disharged home. Ureteropelvic junction injury resulting from blunt rauma is an uncommon and often elusive injury with freuent delays in diagnosis. Approximately two-thirds of the PJ injuries occur in children, more commonly on the ight side. The pathogenesis of this injury is not well estabished. Theories of injury include avulsion caused by severe ateral flexion of the torso and cephalad distraction of the idney, and disruption caused by compression of the UPJ gainst the ribs, or transverse processes. Severe lateral flex1