cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online Generation of Locality Sensitive Hash Signatures

Motivated by the recent interest in streaming algorithms for processing large text collections, we revisit the work of Ravichandran et al. (2005) on using the Locality Sensitive Hash (LSH) method of Charikar (2002) to enable fast, approximate comparisons of vector cosine similarity. For the common case of feature updates being additive over a data stream, we show that LSH signatures can be maintained online, without additional approximation error, and with lower memory requirements than when using the standard offline technique.
Decadal Variation of the Southwest U.S. Summer Monsoon Circulation and Rainfall in a Regional Model

Abstract Previous studies have identified several major causes for summer rainfall variations over the southwest United States, for example, land memory (i.e., relationships between antecedent winter season precipitation and snow cover anomalies and subsequent summer rainfall anomalies over the southwest United States; these anomalies are likely most important in the northwest United States, although antecedent anomalies in the southwest United States also may be important in determining summer rainfall variations) and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Pacific. Atmospheric responses to these “boundary forces” interact with moisture flows from the Gulf of Mexico and from the Gulf of California to influence the rainfall in the Southwest. The land memory and the SST effects were further found to be “naturally separated,” in the sense that they each played a dominant role influencing the monsoon rainfall variation during different periods of the last century. This separation was also manife...
A Constitutive Model for the Mechanical Behavior of Single Crystal Silicon at Elevated Temperature

Silicon in single crystal form has been the material of choice for the first demonstration of the MIT microengine project. However, because it has a relatively low melting temperature, silicon is not an ideal material for the intended operational environment of high temperature and stress. In addition, preliminary work indicates that single crystal silicon has a tendency to undergo localized deformation by slip band formation. Thus it is critical to obtain a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of this material at elevated temperatures in order to properly exploit its capabilities as a structural material. Creep tests in simple compression with n-type single crystal silicon, with low initial dislocation density, were conducted over a temperature range of 900 K to 1200 K and a stress range of 10 MPa to 120 MPa. The compression specimens were machined such that the multi-slip or orientations were coincident with the compression axis. The creep tests reveal that response can be delineated into two broad regimes: (a) in the first regime rapid dislocation multiplication is responsible for accelerating creep rates, and (b) in the second regime an increasing resistance to dislocation motion is responsible for the decelerating creep rates, as is typically observed for creep in metals. An isotropic elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model that accounts for these two mechanisms has been developed in support of the design of the high temperature turbine structure of the MIT microengine.
Patient experiences after hospitalizations for elective surgery.

Abstract Background Little is known from patients' perspective about the quality of postdischarge care and the causes of rehospitalization after elective surgery. Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Results Of 400 patient participants, 374 completed the 30-day follow-up questionnaire (completion rate, 94%). Half of all unplanned rehospitalizations (experienced by 13% of patients) and nonrehospitalization emergency department visits (experienced by 6%) occurred within 10 days of discharge. Patients used emergency departments and were rehospitalized at facilities near their homes (mean distance traveled, 12.1 mi). The most common primary reason for rehospitalization was postoperative complications, according to patient report, clinical records, and administrative data. Poor perceived care coordination was associated with higher readmission risk. Conclusions Patients perceive surgical complications as dominating the reasons for rehospitalizations after elective surgery. Strategies to improve care quality around elective surgery at referral centers should target the discharge process and the coordinated management of postoperative complications through care received at regional hospitals.
The Dante application interface

The Dante Project is a research effort to design and construct a powerful, uniform user interface for current and future generations of computer workstations. One of its goals is to present to the user a multi-window, multi-tasking interface to a comprehensive set of facilities. Common tools such as shells, programming systems, and editors are integrated as well as more advanced tools such as an extensible frame-based database system. The authors described the application interface, the channel through which programmers access the facilities provided by Dante. The application interface is designed around a declarative, data-oriented philosophy that gives programmers a unique degree of flexibility and control over a large set of facilities. Several examples of its use in implementing application programs are given to illustrate its capabilities. >
Right aortic arch diagnosed antenatally: associations and outcome in 98 fetuses

Objective To analyse the main characteristics, associated conditions and outcome of right aortic arch (RAA) detected in fetal life, and to assess if further investigation is required in cases of isolated RAA. Methods Retrospective observational study of all fetuses diagnosed with a RAA between 2004 and 2012 at a tertiary centre for fetal cardiology. Results A RAA was identified in 98 fetuses: 27 had normal intracardiac anatomy and 71 were associated with other congenital heart disease (CHD); conotruncal anomalies being the most common. An aberrant left subclavian artery was diagnosed in 18.4% of cases, a double aortic arch in 6.1%, and 12.2% had a vascular ring confirmed after birth. Overall, an extracardiac anomaly was present in 31.6% of the patients and a chromosomal anomaly in 15.3%, with half of the latter cases being 22q11.2 microdeletion. Extracardiac and chromosomal anomalies were more commonly associated with RAA with structural CHD (39.4% and 19.7%, respectively), compared to cases of RAA with normal intracardiac anatomy (11.1% and 3.7%, respectively) (p Conclusions Detailed fetal extracardiac examination should be undertaken in all cases of RAA. Isolated RAA has a good prognosis, and in the majority of the patients it is an asymptomatic vascular variant with a relatively low risk for chromosomal anomaly. The prognosis of RAA with CHD depends on the complexity of the CHD and/or the associated extracardiac anomalies. In these cases, there is a higher risk for chromosomal anomaly, particularly 22q11.2 microdeletion.
Oxygen Diffusion in Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia: A New Simulation Model

We present a multiscale modeling approach to study oxygen diffusion in cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia. In this approach, we employ density functional theory methods to calculate activation energies for oxygen migration in different cation environments. These are used in a kinetic Monte Carlo framework to calculate long-time oxygen diffusivities. Simulation results show that the oxygen diffusivity attains a maximum value at around 0.1 mole fraction yttria. This variation in the oxygen diffusivity with yttria mole fraction and the calculated values for the diffusivity agree well with experiment. The competing effects of increased oxygen vacancy concentration and increasing activation energy and correlation effects for oxygen diffusion with increasing yttria mole fraction are responsible for the observed dopant content dependence of the oxygen diffusivity. We provide a detailed analysis of cation-dopant-induced correlation effects in support of the above explanation.
Generating Ethnic Minority Student Success (GEMS): A Qualitative Analysis of High-Performing Institutions

Less than one-half of all underrepresented racial and ethnic minority students who begin college at a 4-year institution with aspirations to earn a bachelor’s degree achieve that goal within 6 years. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the institutional factors that contribute to racial and ethnic minority student success at three predominantly White institutions with high and equitable underrepresented racial and ethnic minority student retention and graduation rates. Sixty-five individual interviews were conducted, and documents were collected across these three high-performing colleges. From the analysis of those interviews and documents emerged four common and salient elements of the institutional cultures that promote success among students of color at the three campuses. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Modeling the intergenerational impact of partner abuse on maternal and child function at 24 months post outreach: Implications for practice and policy

OBJECTIVE: Many women are exposed to partner violence during their lifetime which affects mental health and child development. This study revalidates an intergenerational model connecting partner violence to poor functioning for mothers and children using structural equation techniques. METHOD: A longitudinal design collected data on 300 mother-child pairs. Comparisons between the model, tested at study entry and again at 24 months, are reported. Maternal measures included childhood experiences of abuse, partner abuse, chronic pain, and mental health. The Child Behavior Checklist measured child function. RESULTS: Comparison of both models revealed that maternal chronic pain, maternal mental health, and child witnessing of mother's abuse remain strong predictors of child dysfunction. Maternal social support and self-efficacy are significant predictors of more positive maternal mental health with a conduit effect on child behavior. CONCLUSION: Intimate partner violence directly impacts the victim and also has a secondary impact on the children of abuse victims. Language: en
Shape memory alloy heat pipe

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators can be heated quickly using electrical resistance heating. However, the slow cooling of the SMA actuator limits the actuation frequency. Therefore, the current research was undertaken to increase the actuation frequency by making a SMA heat pipe. The heat pipe is a hollow NiTi SMA cylinder partially filled with a wick and water. The condenser end of the pipe is maintained at 5C. The evaporator was cycled between a temperature below Ms and above As by adding electrical current when necessary. A pipe partially filled with water cycled faster than both a dry pipe and a fully filled pipe. Thus, the heat pipe allows for faster cycling of SMA actuators with no need for complicated or moving parts. However, the heat pipe works best with a constant temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser, whereas the SMA must cycle. Therefore, the heat pipe is best suited to SMA materials with a small difference between the Mf and the Af temperatures.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Facing Dyslexia: The Education of Chuck Close

Throughout his lifetime, the American painter, Chuck Close faced many challenges, including dyslexia and prosopagnosia. This article discusses his education and some of the creative strategies he employed to overcome the obstacles he faced from elementary school through college and graduate school. It also considers the influence of several of his teachers and the ways his learning differences came to influence his artistic process.
What is Puzzling with this Picture? The Determinants of Earnings Opacity Internationally

This paper is an investigation of the relationship between earnings opacity in 34 countries and elements of social, economic and accounting order. What the picture shows is a clear manifestation of earnings opacity internationally. What is puzzling with the picture is the findings that earnings opacity internationally is negatively related to the levels of economic freedom and quality of life, and positively related to rule of law, economic growth and level of corruption. What is more puzzling with this picture is the findings that the level of disclosure, the number of auditors per 100,000 inhabitants and the adoption of International Accounting Standards (as elements of the accounting order) are not significantly related to earnings opacity internationally. It is the social and economic climate rather than the technical accounting climate that is at the core of the lack of accounting quality in general and earnings opacity in particular.
Don Juan ante el teatro costumbrista burgués: la censura del seductor como reinterpretación del ideal de masculinidad

Within the context of 19th century costumbrist drama, Manuel Breton de los Herreros and Ventura de la Vega’s plays habitually showed the ideology and anxieties of their bourgeois public. This essay focuses on the explicit social censorship done to the “seductor” or womanizer using the archetypical character of Don Juan. Under the perspective of the theory of gender, this work shows how the stereotype of don Juan was an antithesis of the desired modernity for the bourgeois society, which was eager to redefine theideal of masculinity. Although vulnerable, women received an active role when redeeming men from their donjuanesque attitudes. In fact, women were destined to guide men to the family, institution that was considered the foundations of current society. The solution to the romantic masculine exaltation of womanizer lies beneath bourgeois women abnegation, the angel in the house.
Patient-Provider Communication during the Emergency Department Care of Children with Asthma

Objectives.Poor children's reliance on emergency facilities is one factor implicated in the rise of morbidity attributed to asthma. Although studies have examined doctor-patient communication during routine pediatric visits, little data are available about communication during emergency care.This st
Effect of sympathomimetic amines upon amino acid nitrogen content of the blood.

ConclusionFrom the data obtained it is seen that only epinephrine displays the ability to lower the blood amino acid nitrogen. This confirms the observations of Luck and associates91011. While 3 out of 4 rabbits displayed a moderate increase in amino acid N following phenylethylamine administration, the significance of this is not apparent. The fluctuations obtained with the other sympathomimetic drugs are not great enough to exclude experimental error.
Immunization of Guinea-Pigs to the Virus of Equine Encephalomyelitis

The epidemic of equine encephalomyelitis, reported by Meyer, Haring and Howitt1 in 1931 as caused by a filtrable virus, made its appearance during the summer and autumn of 1930 in certain rural districts of California and continued to recur during the corresponding periods of 1931 and 1932. The disease also spread into Nevada 2 and the northwestern states and reached Nebraska in the fall of 1932.
Metacognition and proofreading: the roles of aging, motivation, and interest

The current study examined younger and older adults' error detection accuracy, prediction calibration, and postdiction calibration on a proofreading task, to determine if age-related differences would be present in this type of common error detection task. Participants were given text passages, and were first asked to predict the percentage of errors they would detect in the passage. They then read the passage and circled errors (which varied in complexity and locality), and made postdictions regarding their performance, before repeating this with another passage and answering a comprehension test of both passages. There were no age-related differences in error detection accuracy, text comprehension, or metacognitive calibration, though participants in both age groups were overconfident overall in their metacognitive judgments. Both groups gave similar ratings of motivation to complete the task. The older adults rated the passages as more interesting than younger adults did, although this level of interest did not appear to influence error-detection performance. The age equivalence in both proofreading ability and calibration suggests that the ability to proofread text passages and the associated metacognitive monitoring used in judging one's own performance are maintained in aging. These age-related similarities persisted when younger adults completed the proofreading tasks on a computer screen, rather than with paper and pencil. The findings provide novel insights regarding the influence that cognitive aging may have on metacognitive accuracy and text processing in an everyday task.
The Landscape of microRNA Targeting in Prostate Cancer Defined by AGO-PAR-CLIP

MicroRNA (miRNA) deregulation in prostate cancer (PCa) contributes to PCa initiation and metastatic progression. To comprehensively define the cancer-associated changes in miRNA targeting and function in commonly studied models of PCa, we performed photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation of the Argonaute protein in a panel of PCa cell lines modeling different stages of PCa progression. Using this comprehensive catalogue of miRNA targets, we analyzed miRNA targeting on known drivers of PCa and examined tissue-specific and stage-specific pathway targeting by miRNAs. We found that androgen receptor is the most frequently targeted PCa oncogene and that miR-148a targets the largest number of known PCa drivers. Globally, tissue-specific and stage-specific changes in miRNA targeting are driven by homeostatic response to active oncogenic pathways. Our findings indicate that, even in advanced PCa, the miRNA pool adapts to regulate continuing alterations in the cancer genome to balance oncogenic molecular changes. These findings are important because they are the first to globally characterize miRNA changes in PCa and demonstrate how the miRNA target spectrum responds to staged tumorigenesis.
Evaluation of lung metabolism during successful twenty-four-hour canine lung preservation.

We used a canine left lung allotransplantation model to evaluate 24-hour lung preservation with two different electrolyte solutions, low-potassium dextran and low-potassium dextran with 1% glucose. To investigate changes in the energy status during preservation, we analyzed the lungs for adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, and several metabolites of the glycolysis pathway and the citric acid cycle: glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, citrate, and malate. We also devised and evaluated a pulmonary cooling jacket to prevent rewarming of the lung during implantation. The lungs were divided into four groups. Groups I (n = 10) and II (n = 6) were flushed with low-potassium dextran and groups III (n = 6) and IV (n = 6) were flushed with low-potassium dextran solution with 1% glucose. The cooling jacket was used for groups II and IV only. After 24-hour preservation at 10 degrees C, the left lungs were implanted into the recipient animals. Function of the transplanted left lung was assessed during temporary (10 minutes) occlusion of the contralateral pulmonary artery while both lungs were ventilated with 100% oxygen. This assessment was performed at 1 hour and at 3, 8, and 22 days after transplantation. Immediately after transplantation the arterial oxygen tension was 279 +/- 70 mm Hg in group I, 376 +/- 56 mm Hg in group II, 523 +/- 41 mm Hg in group III, and 518 +/- 50 mm Hg in group IV. The arterial oxygen tension in groups III and IV were significantly greater than in group I (p 300 mm Hg) at 3 days; only 10 of 16 lungs preserved with low-potassium dextran achieved this level of function. Glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, citrate and malate levels decreased significantly during 24-hour preservation with low-potassium dextran solution; they were stable with low-potassium dextran solution with 1% glucose. Adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine were stable for 24 hours with both low-potassium dextran and low-potassium dextran solution with 1% glucose. The cooling jacket provided uniform cooling of the lung parenchyma during implantation, and significant increase in temperature was observed in its absence, with topical cooling by cold saline solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ADHD and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Although it has now been reclassified as a Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently overlaps with the Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD), forming a heterogeneous group of childhood onset behavioral disorders that have traditionally been lumped together as Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD). These frequently comorbid disorders cause significant disturbance and distress within the child’s environment, usually school and/or family, as well as causing severe developmental and psychosocial dysfunction for the individual. ADHD is characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, ODD by hostility, anger, argumentativeness, defiance, and CD by aggression, deceitfulness, and violation of rights of others. The DBDs play an enormous social role because they represent a high risk for developmental trajectories that harbor psychosocial, economic, psychiatric, and criminal morbidity across the lifespan and have significant socioeconomic and health impact on a national level (1). The DBDs may share comorbidities and some etiologic and pathophysiologic characteristics, however, their clinical manifestations, developmental trajectories, and biologic substrates are distinct.
An analytical model for axial diffusion in the Krogh cylinder.

The tissue level distribution of oxygen (O2) in the hemoglobinless perfused heart has been measured under controlled conditions with Whalen PO2 microelectrodes (Schubert, Whalen, and Nair, 19 78). In an attempt to understand tissue level details of O2 transport we compared that PO2 distribution to those predicted by mathmatical models. Models incorporating only radial transport in the tissue compared poorly with the measured histograms. Blum’s (1960) model with radial and axial diffusion was found to be in error (Schubert, 1976), and a correct solution had not been published. A unique analytic model was derived by modifying the radial transport phenomena so that the axial diffusional transport could be included. This model displays trends seen in the experimental data. Unfortunately the best match was obtained by increasing the value of the axial diffusion coefficient, D, considerably beyond the value accepted in the literature. This led to questions about the appropriateness of the radial transport assumptions which could be answered only be seeking the correct solution to the problem originally posed by Blum.
Racial Differences in Associations of Blood Pressure Components in Young Adulthood With Incident Cardiovascular Disease by Middle Age: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Importance Data are sparse regarding which blood pressure (BP) components in young adulthood optimally determine cardiovascular disease (CVD) by middle age. Objectives To assess which BP components best determine incident CVD events in young adults and determine whether these associations vary by race and age at BP measurement. Design, Setting, and Participants Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, this study assessed the longitudinal race-stratified associations between BP and cardiovascular outcomes. CARDIA is a community-based cohort that recruited black and white individuals (age range, 18-30 years) from March 26, 1985, through June 7, 1986. CARDIA followed up participants for up to 28 years, and 94% of the surviving cohort completed at least 1 telephone interview or examination from August 2009 through August 2014. Exposures Blood pressures measubred at baseline (Y 0 ) and 15 years later (Y 15 ). Main Outcomes and Measures Composite CVD events, including coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and other vascular diseases. Results A total of 4880 participants participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 24.9 [3.6] years at Y 0 and 25.0 [3.6] years at Y 15 ; 2223 male [45.6%] at Y 0 and 1800 [44.2%] at Y 15 ; 2657 female [54.4%] at Y 0 and 2277 [55.8%] at Y 0 ; 2473 black individuals [50.7%] at Y 0 and 1994 [48.9%] at Y 15 ; and 2407 white individuals [49.3%] at Y 0 and 2083 [51.1%] at Y 15 ). The mean SBP/DBP was 112/69 mm Hg in blacks and 109/68 mm Hg in whites at Y 0 and 117/77 mm Hg in blacks and 110/72 mm Hg in whites at Y 15 . During a 25-year follow-up from Y 0 , 210 CVD events occurred (twice as many events in blacks [n = 140] compared with whites), of which 131 (87 in blacks) occurred after Y 15 . With adjustments for covariates, results from Cox proportional hazards models, including SBP and DBP, jointly suggested that, at Y 0 , SBP (hazard ratio [HR] per 1-SD increase, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09-1.61) but not DBP (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.88-1.26) was associated with CVD risk in blacks, whereas DBP (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.21-2.50) but not SBP (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.57-1.18) was associated with CVD risk in whites. At Y 15, SBP was the strongest indicator of CVD in blacks (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.25-2.16) and whites (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.02-2.69). Conclusions and Relevance This study questions the classic view that DBP is more able to identify future CVD events than SBP in all individuals younger than 50 years. In young adulthood, SBP in black individuals and DBP in white individuals were the most robust indicators of future CVD. In middle-age, SBP in both races identified risk of incident CVD.
Examining the utility of coral Ba/Ca as a proxy for river discharge and hydroclimate variability at Coiba Island, Gulf of Chirquí, Panamá.

Panama's extreme hydroclimate seasonality is driven by Intertropical Convergence Zone rainfall and resulting runoff. River discharge (Q) carries terrestrially-derived barium to coastal waters that can be recorded in coral. We present a Ba/Ca record (1996–1917) generated from a Porites coral colony in the Gulf of Chiriqui near Coiba Island (Panama) to understand regional hydroclimate. Here coral Ba/Ca is correlated to instrumental Q (R = 0.67, p < 0.001), producing a seasonally-resolved Reduced Major Axis regression of Ba/Ca (μmol/mol) = Q (m3/s) × 0.006 ± 0.001 (μmol/mol)(m3/s)− 1 + 4.579 ± 0.151. Our results support work in the neighboring Gulf of Panama that determined seawater Ba/Ca, controlled by Q, is correlated to coral Ba/Ca (LaVigne et al., 2016). Additionally, the Coiba coral Ba/Ca records at least 5 El Nino events and identified 22 of the 37 wet seasons with below average precipitation. These data corroborate the Q proxy and provide insight into the use of coral Ba/Ca as an El Nino and drought indicator.
Urinary tract washing specimens containing atypical urothelial tissue fragments are significantly associated with urothelial neoplasia.

Background We previously found that the presence of atypical urothelial tissue fragments (AUTF) was associated with an increased risk of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) but not low-grade urothelial neoplasia (LGUN) in voided urine (VU) specimens. However, we subsequently found that patients with LGUN were more likely to have cytologic atypia in urinary washing (UW) specimens, suggesting that cytologic atypia found in UW specimens might be associated with both LGUN and HGUC. In this study, we retrospectively examined UW specimens containing AUTF to determine whether they were associated with HGUC, LGUN, or both HGUC and LGUN. Methods 1173 UW specimens and any follow up biopsies were identified over a 10-year period and the presence of AUTF was recorded based on the original clinical diagnosis. Results The presence of AUTF in UW specimens was significantly associated with high-risk indeterminate diagnosis or definitive diagnosis of HGUC (P < .001). In addition, AUTF specimens were significantly associated with a neoplastic diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC) or HGUC on subsequent biopsies when compared to specimens lacking AUTF (P = .047). The overall rate of CIS/HGUC in specimens with AUTF was 33.0 vs. 13.5% for specimens without AUTF (P = .051). Conclusions Urothelial tissue fragments (UTF) found in UW specimens should be examined for the presence of cytomorphological atypia, as the presence of AUTF almost triples the risk of HGUC. As opposed to what has been found in VU specimens, AUTF in UW specimens is also associated with an increased risk of LGUN.
The 1925 Tenants' Strike in Panama: West Indians, the Left, and the Labor Movement

In September-October 1925, there occurred in Panama a tenants' strike that helped define the development of the left and workers' movement in that nation. This article presents an overview of the strike—important because no synthetic English-language account exists—and then analyzes the role of black West Indians in the event. West Indians were prominent among the ranks of workers in Panama, and among the slums of Panama City and Colon. Nonetheless, they were not central to the rent strike. This absence reflects the historic relationship between West Indian and Hispanic workers in the isthmus, the effect of the recent defeat of strikes led by West Indians in the Panama Canal Zone, and the lack of attention paid to attracting West Indian support by the Hispanic leadership of the tenants' strike. This division between the West Indian population and the broader labor movement in Panama had lasting effects in the history of the Panamanian left, reinforcing divisions between the struggle for Panamanian self-determination and the struggle against racist oppression of West Indians and their descendants in Panama.
Enhancing Citizen Engagement in the Face of Climate Change Risks: A Case Study of the Flood Early Warning System and Health Information System in Semarang City, Indonesia

This case study describes how two climate resilience action projects in Semarang City, Indonesia, were able to provide new mechanisms allowing better engagement between the Semarang city government and its citizens. With the introduction of the Flood Early Warning System (FEWS), flood-prone communities in the Beringin River Basin are now able to evacuate to safe shelters before flood incidents occur. Through the Health Information and Early Warning System (HIEWS), citizens can access real-time information related to dengue fever cases in the city. Although the focus areas are different, both projects aim to help communities become more resilient to the impacts of climate change, specifically floods and vector-borne disease. We find similar patterns in the two cases, in which efforts to enhance community participation are essential to guarantee the success of the projects. Enhanced community engagement is achieved through the thoughtful consideration of local knowledge and social networks, intensive assistance to increase awareness and motivation of the community, and understanding governance structures to ensure that funds are allocated through formal handover processes to continue and expand the results of the interventions. These findings are useful and important to guide any climate change adaptation projects toward better sustainability and ownership, especially in the application of an early warning system or information system that requires technology, sustainable budget allocation from the local government to operate and maintain the system, and buy-in from local communities.
Speculations on the Role of Successful Intelligence in Solving Contemporary World Problems

In this article, I argue that conventional views of intelligence and its measurement have contributed toward at least some of the societal problems of today. I suggest that to escape from a degenerative process, society needs to consider the importance not only of intelligence, as conventionally defined but also of successful intelligence, involving in addition to conventional analytical intelligence, common sense, creativity, and wisdom.
A 112Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter with 3-Tap FFE in 10nm CMOS

The rapidly growing demand for high-bandwidth data communication infrastructure has fueled the industry to develop ultra-high-speed/density wireline links compliant with electrical interface standards such as CEI-56G and 802.3bs–400GbE. Recent publications have demonstrated CMOS transmitters (TX) operating from 50–64Gb/s [1-4], and early planning for the next generation of 100Gb/s+ wireline standards is underway. Long-reach wireline standards at 56Gb/s have largely adopted a PAM-4 modulation scheme that maintains the same symbol rate as the previous generation of 28Gb/s NRZ transceivers. For 112Gb/s transceivers, however, higher order modulation (e.g., PAM-8/16) is unlikely to be adopted due to the tradeoff in SNR and backward compatibility. Therefore, the symbol rate for 112Gb/s PAM-4 must be doubled relative to the previous generation, which requires circuit bandwidth and jitter performance to improve by roughly a factor of two. In addition, the energy efficiency of the link must be maximized to keep local power delivery and system power consumption within practical limits. This paper presents a reconfigurable 56GS/s 3-tap FFE TX that operates up to 112Gb/s with PAM-4 or at 56Gb/s with NRZ modulation. The TX employs a quarter-rate architecture, a 1-UI pulse-generator-based 4:1 serializer combined with a CML driver, a multi-segment π-coil for pad bandwidth extension, and per-lane duty-cycle detection/correction (DCD/DCC) and quadrature-error detection/correction (QED/QEC) circuits. The TX is implemented in a 10nm FinFET CMOS technology and benefits from improvements to transistor drive strength, interconnect electro-migration/resistance, and overall area scaling [5].
Dispersion of Particles in Bi-Directional-Binary, Two-Dimensional, Incompressible Velocity Fields: Some Numerical Experiments

An important feature of turbulent flow is its ability to disperse contaminants. But, because the most convenient way of describing or measuring the velocity field is in Eulerian or “laboratory” coordinates, and particle dispersion is naturally expressed in Lagrangian or “material” coordinates, dispersion is not well predicted in most existing theories or data. For example, the two-point Eulerian statistics which are often used to characterize the field do not give unique two-point Lagrangian displacement statistics which describe particle dispersion.
Tumor imaging by using a combination of positron labeled EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and stealth nanocarriers

733 Objectives: PET with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase-specific radiolabeled tracers could provide the means for imaging of EGFR expression and signaling activity in tumors in patients during therapy with EGFR inhibitors. Our group has develop PET tracers irreversibly binding to EGFR, However because of significant hepatobiliary clearance and intestinal reuptake of the morpholino-[124I]-IPQA (SKI212243) and overall hydrophobicity with octanol water coeeficients of up to 4, additional formulation steps are needed for optimization of the pharmacokinetics of these imaging agents. Thus these drugs are interesting candidates for utilizing lipid base nanoparticles, which improve the solubility of the drugs but also increase the circulation time in the blood stream and spontaneously target to the tumors. In our work we compared the combined targeting approach by using EGFR kinase targeting SKI212243 (SKI243) embedded in liposomes and bare SKI243 as a PET tracer. Methods: EGFR inhibitors were encapsulated in to PC/chol/PEG-PE liposomes of 100nm. PET imaging of Nude mice bearing A431 and H3255 was done in 0.25, 1, 2, 24, 48, 72 h time points by using MicroPET. Biodistribution of the SKI243 was measured with imaging agent and liposomal imaging agent. Results: SKI243 and liposomal SKI243 are taken up to the tumor. Liposomal drug stays longer in the blood and consequently increase the tumor uptake. We found that uptake in tumor could be increased 3-6 fold with the use of liposomal nanocarriers, although liver and lungs also show some increased uptake. Conclusions: Liposomal formulation of SKI243 appears promising to enhances the in vivo efficiency in tumor imaging by significantly increasing the targeting of lipophilic tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs.
Nonmedical use of prescription drugs during sexual activity as a predictor of condom use among a sample of college students.

AbstractObjective: To examine the impact of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) during sexual activity on the frequency of condom use among a sample of college students. Participants: Stud...
Fat and Bone: PGC-1α Regulates Mesenchymal Cell Fate during Aging and Osteoporosis

PGC-1α is a transcriptional co-activator associated with PPARγ that regulates thermogenic gene expression in brown fat. In this issue, Yu et al. (2018) show that PGC-1α regulates marrow mesenchymal stromal cell lineage allocation in vivo, inhibiting marrow adipogenesis and associated bone loss in the aging skeleton and following ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.
Adaptive Feeding Techniques and Positioning: An Occupational Therapist’s Perspective

Feeding is a highly complex and multifaceted activity with which many infants and children struggle [1, 2]. Oral-motor development can be affected by multiple factors including medical diagnoses, environment, developmental delay, food sensitivities, and negative oral experiences, to name a few. Infants and children who present with feeding difficulties can be referred to an occupational therapist (OT) or speech-language pathologist (SLP) who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of pediatric feeding disorders. Therapists will gather information using patient/family report and chart reviews to obtain pertinent information in the areas of medical, developmental, and feeding history. Along with clinical observation of feeding and developmental skills, these areas can give insight into the underlying medical, motor, sensory, and/or social causes for feeding difficulties [3]. Based on these findings, a treatment plan will be developed to address specific feeding skills. There are a variety of adaptive feeding techniques and positioning options that will be utilized during treatment sessions to address deficits and improve feeding success.
Comparative Pathologists: Ultimate Control Freaks Seeking Validation!:

Definable, reproducible, and meaningful are elemental features of grading/scoring systems, while thoroughness, accuracy, and consistency are quality indicators of pathology reports. The expertise o...
2113. Process Change Implementation to Decrease Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Background More than 50% of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) occur within 5 days of urinary catheter (UC) insertion suggesting poor insertion technique. Breaks in sterile technique and inappropriate UC kit use were observed resulting in increased insertion-associated CAUTI (iCAUTI, CAUTI occurring ≤5 days post-UC insertion). Specific challenges with UC insertion were identified in the emergency department (ED, high patient flow) and critical care units (CCU, high acuity). The objective of the study was to change the UC insertion process in the ED and CCU to reduce iCAUTI.
Forensic Investigation of a Wide Culvert Reconstruction Failure

AbstractA growing number of large culverts in the national transportation network are in poor condition. Often, aging infrastructures carry heavy traffic through urban corridors. Either after failu...
Tempskya Westii Sp. Nov. from the Late Cretaceous of Harnett County (Atlantic Coastal Plain), North Carolina, U.S.A.

Abstract: Tempskya Corda has long been known to occur in reworked deposits in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina. North Carolina Tempskya specimens are silicified and have been recovered ...
New Opportunities in Metallization Integration in Cofired Electroceramic Multilayers by the Cold Sintering Process

Metallization with high conductivities is critical in the design of high performance multilayer electroceramic devices. Cold sintering offers exciting new opportunities in the integration of different material classes; here we explore novel metal chemistries and demonstrate their integration into ceramic multilayers. The processing is enabled due to the cosintering of both the ceramic and metal powders in fast times and at extremely low sintering temperatures. Metal powders are printed as pastes and formed into multilayers that can be cosintered with the ceramic ZnO; these specific metals include Cu, Fe, and Al. The multilayer structures are assembled and fabricated under a thick film process and enabled by using a polypropylene carbonate binder system that can be removed at low temperatures under N2–H2 forming gas, permitting control of oxidation of the Cu, Fe, and Al. As a result, extremely high conductivity electrodes are fabricated and quantified through the equivalent series resistance (ESR). In addi...
What Does It Meme? A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescents' Perceptions of Tobacco and Marijuana Messaging

ObjectivesWith the increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes and legalization of recreational marijuana, messaging from websites and social media is shaping product perceptions and use. Quanti...
Atherosclerotic and Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease are Associated with Death at Sublethal Carboxyhemoglobin Levels: A Postmortem Study.

Residential fires are a significant cause for morbidity and mortality in the United States. Death is often the result of soot and smoke inhalation causing carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity. The approximate lethal level of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in healthy adults has been well described. However, a significant number of medical examiner cases involve infirmed decedents, often elderly, with complex cardiovascular disease burdens. It is well known that death in these cases will occur at sublethal levels of COHb; however, increased lethality has been largely documented via anecdotal experience and lacks quantification. Fifty-five cases were identified where death resulted from smoke and soot inhalation suffered in a residential fire. The control group, with no cardiovascular disease, had an age-adjusted mean COHb level of 61.6% at the time of death. Presence of hypertensive cardiovascular disease showed a 30% reduction in COHb (age-adjusted mean 43.2%), atherosclerotic disease showed a 33% reduction (age-adjusted mean 41.5%), and combined disease presentation accounted for 41% reduction (age-adjusted mean 36.3%). When controlling for age, atherosclerotic and hypertensive cardiovascular diseases were each associated with statistically significant decreases in COHb (p < 0.01). Increasing age was associated with decreased COHb levels at 2.8% per 10 years of life (p < 0.01), even when modeled with hypertensive and atherosclerotic disease. These findings carry important public health significance, as well as practical significance for the medical examiner when interpreting COHb levels in cases of suspected deaths due to smoke and soot inhalation.
Design of a Small-Scale Hydrology Experiment

AbstractThis paper describes a laboratory experiment that was designed to improve engineering education in fluids and hydrology courses. The laboratory module is part of a broader effort to enhance...
Appendicitis Caused by Endometriosis Within the Bowel Wall.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain seen in the emergency room. Common etiologies include obstructing appendicolith and lymphoid adenopathy. Appendiceal endometriosis is rare and typically involves the serosal layer. This case report describes an unusual case of appendicitis secondary to endometriosis in the musclularis mucosa of the appendix in the 36-year-old lady with no prior history of endometriosis.
Inhibition of NF- κB-DNA binding by organoselenocyanate through covalent modification of the p50 subunit: structure elucidation by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis

27 The protective role of selenium is supported by numerous epidemiological studies conducted in the United States and abroad, as well as in the preclinical and clinical investigations. Synthetic organoselenium compounds developed in our laboratory, benzyl selenocyanate (BSC) and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC), are more effective cancer preventive agents than those naturally-occurring selenium compounds in numerous animal models. Previous studies have shown that p-XSC in vitro reduces the binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to its substrate. Alteration of NF-κB activity can regulate the expression of over 150 target genes that are important in the regulation of critical cellular events in the multistep carcinogenesis process. Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis have been suggested as critical cellular events in cancer chemoprevention by selenium. Our hypothesis is that BSC and p-XSC may inhibit tumorigenesis through the inhibition of NF-κB via the formation of selenium-sulfur bonds, thereby down-regulating its target genes leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. To test our hypothesis, in the present study we initially demonstrate that both BSC and p-XSC can inhibit the binding of pure NF-κB p50 protein to its oligonucleotide substrate using an ELISA-based transcription factor assay kit (TransAM assay). The inhibition of DNA binding was reversed by the addition of dithiothreitol (DTT), suggesting the formation of DTT-reducible selenium-sulfur bonds between p-XSC and cysteine residues in the DNA-binding domain of NF-κB p50 protein. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of p-XSC on NF-κB was not altered in the presence of physiological level of GSH (1mM) suggesting that p-XSC can also inhibit NF-κB in vivo. We further demonstrated that these synthetic organoselenium compounds can inhibit the DNA binding of NF-κB p50 protein in both oral cancer SCC 1483 and lung cancer NSCLC NCI-H460 cells that had been stimulated with TNF-α. The structure modification of p50 protein by BSC was confirmed using both MALDI-TOF and MS/MS fragmentation. We demonstrate for the first time that the Cys62 residue in the active site of NF-κB p50 protein was modified by BSC through the formation of a selenium-sulfur bond. To further demonstrate the modification of p50 protein by selenocyanates, a computer modeling study was initiated and the results support the binding capacity of p50 protein by both BSC and p-XSC. Our results indicate that the selenocyanate chemopreventive agents may exert their activity by inhibiting NF-κB activity in part through covalent modification of the p50 subunit NF-κB. Support: CA 100924 and P01 CA 70972
Neural Networks to Estimate Generalized Propensity Scores for Continuous Treatment Doses

Background:The generalized propensity score (GPS) addresses selection bias due to observed confounding variables and provides a means to demonstrate causality of continuous treatment doses with pro...