cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual Diagnosis: 20-month-old Boy With a One-Day History of Fever and Cough

1. Anik Patel, MD* 2. Angela Schmidt, DO* 3. Mary Anne Jackson, MD† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO. 2. †Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO. A 20-month-old boy presents with a 1-day history of tactile fever, fussiness, and a nonproductive cough. His oral intake of food and fluids has decreased over the course of the day, he has been increasingly fussy, and he is now inconsolable. Ten days earlier, he was seen in the emergency department after a possible ingestion of household bleach. Initial physical examination shows a well-grown infant who is alert. His temperature is 40.3°C (104.5°F), heart rate is 166 beats/min, respiratory rate is 40 breaths/min, blood pressure is 115/90 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation is 95% in room air. His upper airway appears normal. Slightly diminished breath sounds are noted in the left lower lobe with faint crackles, but the remaining lung fields are clear to auscultation. A white blood cell count is 19,570/μL (19.57×109/L) with an elevated absolute neutrophil count of 12,230/μL (12.23×109/L). C-reactive protein is elevated at 8.0 mg/dL (76.2 nmol/L) (normal, <0.5 mg/dL [4.76 nmol/L]), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 23 mm/hr. A chest radiograph suggests left lower lobe atelectasis versus pneumonia (Fig 1). Ampicillin is initiated intravenously (IV) for a suspected community-acquired pneumonia. Over the next 24 hours, the patient remains febrile with a temperature to 39.1°C (102.4°F), heart rate of 155 beats/min, respiratory rate of 40 beats/min, and oxygen saturation of 88% in room air. Oxygen is provided by nasal cannula, and ampicillin is discontinued with initiation of IV ceftriaxone and clindamycin. Figure 1. Chest radiograph suggests left lower lobe atelectasis versus pneumonia. Further evaluation of the chest radiograph suggests left lower lobe collapse. Because of concern for a possible endobronchial mass, computed …
The Effect of Forced Refocusing on the Value of Diversified Firms

This paper studies how investors responded when Chinese regulators required a group of large, publicly traded companies to divest their non-core hotel and real estate assets in 2010. The quasi-experiment allows direct estimates of the effect of diversification on value that are free from common selection problems in the literature. On average, stock prices rose 1 to 2 percent in response to forced refocusing, suggesting that corporate diversification was a value-destroying strategy for those firms. The implied "excess value/diversification discount" has at best a weak connection to the announcement return. The abnormal return was most positive for companies in which the ultimate controller had small cash flow rights, suggesting that investors were concerned with the possibility of tunneling.
Morphogenesis of Schizophyllum commune. II. Effect of microaerobic growth.

(1967). Morphogenesis of Schizophyllum Commune. II. Effect of Microaerobic Growth. Mycologia: Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 610-622.
Compact Silicon Diffractive Sensor for Toluene

A compact silicon diffractive sensor for toluene is experimentally demonstrated. A linear portion of a two-dimensional sensor array is prototyped. The configuration features micron-scale device sizes and attenuation-independent intensity-based measurement (as opposed to spectral-based).
Antiproteolytic activity of human serum with particular reference to its changes in the presence and considerations of its use for detection of malignant neoplasia.

Lacking a specific test for malignant neoplastic disease (cancer), it is possible that something short of this with a high degree of correlation, analogous to the serological test for syphilis, will be of value in selecting patients for more detailed examination than that feasible in the customary screening process of a “Cancer Detection Clinic.” Many investigators have reported tests with this object in mind, without producing convincing evidence of a sufficient correlation with the presence or absence of malignant tumor. A review of these contributions will be undertaken in a later detailed presentation. Many of these tests are concerned with alterations in coagulation of the blood or its capacity to inhibit various enzymes. Another similarity is that they tend to give false positive reactions in the same types of pathologic conditions, other than malignant tumors.These observations led us to believe that the basic mechanism might be an alteration in the proteolytic-antiproteolytic balance of the serum....
A Quantitative Study of Nest Exiting during Weaning in Peromyscus leucopus

This is the first report on nest exiting by rodents during weaning in which the behavior was monitored continuously while the animals were allowed full freedom of movement and social interaction. Peromyscus leucopus usually first left the nest box in brief exits at age 15– 18 days. Total time out of the box daily increased rapidly after first exit, reaching a quasiasymptotic value averaging >5 h by 24–26 days. At ages 18–23 days, young reared at 15–19°C averaged >40% more time per day out of the nest box than ones reared at 5–11°C.
Impact of Indigenous Arms Production on Third-World Military Expenditures

In discussing the role which economic factors can play in affecting our understanding of the growth in third-world armaments, it is useful to begin by surveying several of the major theoretical explanations of this phenomenon. First, a fundamental distinction can be made between exogenous and endogenous models of military expenditures. The exogenous category includes those approaches which see national military expenditure patterns as essentially responses to external stimuli, in particular the actions of rival nations (but possibly also those of alliance partners). The endogenous category includes those approaches which see military expenditure patterns resulting largely from changing domestic considerations.1
Actuator effects on auxiliary signal design for failure detection

Fault detection and identification (FDI) are important tasks in most modern industrial systems and processes. A variety of approaches both active and passive have been investigated. In much of the active work the focus was on designing an optimal test signal. However, much less attention was given to actually generating that test signal. Here the effect of including actuator effects in generating an optimal test signal for active fault detection is investigated.
Interpretation of fast-ion signals during beam modulation experiments

Fast-ion signals produced by a modulated neutral beam are used to infer fast-ion transport. The measured quantity is the divergence of perturbed fast-ion flux from the phase-space volume measured by the diagnostic, . Since velocity-space transport often contributes to this divergence, the phase-space sensitivity of the diagnostic (or 'weight function') plays a crucial role in the interpretation of the signal. The source and sink make major contributions to the signal but their effects are accurately modelled by calculations that employ an exponential decay term for the sink. Recommendations for optimal design of a fast-ion transport experiment are given, illustrated by results from DIII-D measurements of fast-ion transport by Alfven eigenmodes. The signal-to-noise ratio of the diagnostic, systematic uncertainties in the modeling of the source and sink, and the non-linearity of the perturbation all contribute to the error in .
A Three-Stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator for Temperatures Near 4 K

This paper describes the design and construction of a three-stage pulse tube refrigerator intended for reaching temperatures near 4 K. Until recently little work has been done with pulse tube refrigerators in this temperature range. This refrigerator was designed to be operated with a commercially available helium compressor mated to a rotary valve to provide the necessary pressure oscillation. The refrigerator is designed to operate at a frequency of about 2 Hz with a pressure ratio of about 2 and an average pressure of about 1.5 MPa. At present a low temperature of 10.5 K has been reached with 2 W of refrigeration delivered at 22.5 K. The effects of real gas properties on the design of the third-stage regenerator are discussed. Measurements of the refrigeration power, minimum temperature, and other relevant parameters are presented.
A Variety of Intellectual Experiences

This chapter outlines a variety of intellectual activities and the labels associated with them, from martyr to amateur and beyond. The plurality of ways in which public intellectuals are viewed explains the difficulty in assigning one exclusive role to these activities. It also attests to the manner in which intellectuals find themselves at times outsiders and at times insiders, without thereby necessarily abnegating their critical edge in judging and interfering with the activities of their communities.
Separation properties for Carleman operators on Banach Lattices

Among the Carleman operators on Banach lattices, we consider the operators that are decomposition operators or lattice homormphisms. Using a generalization of an atom, characterizations for these two classes of operators on Banach lattices with order units are provided.
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Function Outside the Immune System: Differential Regulation of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Populations.

Naturally occurring CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells are responsible for a physiologically essential peripheral mechanism to maintain self tolerance. The suppressor capacity of Treg cells has been found to extend to various compartments within the host and includes the ability to modulate adaptive and innate immune responses. Interestingly, several Treg cytokines which mediate immune regulation concomitantly possess hematopoietic modulating activity. For example, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin 9 (IL-9) have been found to have opposing effects during early and late stages of myelopoiesis. We have hypothesized that the inhibition of CFU-GM observed after a co-culture period of 1–3 days with activated Tregs occurs in a contact dependent manner through a mechanism involving TGF-beta1 on the surface of the regulatory cells. Additionally, we found that Treg cells fail to inhibit CFU-GM activity from MHC class II deficient bone marrow (BM) in vitro as well as in vivo following bone marrow transplantation further supporting the notion that cognate interaction is required for this negative regulation to take place. Studies then examined Treg modulation of erythroid progenitor cells (PC). IL-9 is a T cell growth factor known to promote both growth and survival signals possessing synergistic activity together with SCF and Epo which induces enhancement of colony forming activity by erythroid PC. Anti-CD3/CD28+IL-2 activated Treg cells co-cultured with syngeneic unfractionated BM as well as lineage depleted populations resulted in a 2–3X augmentation of CFU-E vs. control cultures lacking Tegs. To examine a role for IL-9 in these observations, anti-IL-9 specific mab was added to Treg/BMC co-cultures. This antibody but not isotype control Ig abolished the enhancement of CFU-E activity. Moreover, although Tregs obtained from IL-9 deficient mice inhibited CFU-GM activity, these cells failed to enhance CFU-E. These findings indicated that IL-9 produced by Tregs is crucial for such activity and supernatants from activated Treg cultures were found to contain IL-9. Finally, Treg augmentation of CFU-E in transwell cultures using B6-wt and B6-Class II −/− lineage depleted populations showed that this enhancing activity: was not contact dependent and did not require MHC class II expression on the targeted populations. These findings reveal two distinct pathways of regulation, i.e. inhibition and enhancement as defined by cytokines, contact dependency and an MHC class II requirement. Current studies examining apoptosis and the blockade /induction of differentiation have found that Treg cells simultaneously lacking perforin and fasl are capable of mediating differential regulation indicating neither of these lytic pathways is required. In total, the present results demonstrate for the first time that Tregs can modulate responses outside the adaptive and innate immune systems.
Identification of novel and potentially targetable receptor tyrosine kinase alterations in colorectal carcinoma using a 341 gene hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing assay.

11071 Background: The current mainstay of clinical molecular testing for advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is mutation analysis for KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF to determine anti-EGFR therapy eligibility...
Development and Validation of a Multicultural Consciousness Instrument

Developing multiculturally competent citizens is at the forefront of the espoused mission of higher education. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a self-report instrument to measure traditional-age (18-to 24-year-old) college students’ multicultural consciousness (e.g., awareness of self, knowledge of difference, and interpersonal disposition). Results validate the construct of multicultural consciousness and the instrument using confirmatory factor analysis.
James Ashley, the Great Strategist of the Thirteenth Amendment

Although little known outside a small group of historians, James Ashley, a Republican Congressman from Ohio, played a crucial role in the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. This article details the history of Ashley's political life and his strategies for ending slavery in the United States. At the side of President Abraham Lincoln, Ashley led the lobbying effort to convince wavering members of the House of Representatives to vote in favor of the Amendment. If it had not been for Ashley's calculated strategy to push the Amendment through the House, the Amendment might very well have failed. Ashley's political activity and speeches also lend support to arguments that the original meaning of the Thirteenth Amendment was more than simply the end of slavery and involuntary servitude in our country and illustrate that the Amendment provided a broader source of liberty and equality rights that animated Ashley and his Reconstruction colleagues at the time of passage. Ashley is featured in the author's forthcoming book, "The Forgotten Emancipator: James Mitchell Ashley and the Ideological Origins of Reconstruction," to be published by Cambridge University Press.
Chiari I malformation in children with transverse myelitis.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Transverse myelitis (TM) is an acute inflammatory spinal cord injury. Asymptomatic Chiari I malformation (CMI) management is highly controversial, particularly when associated with a spinal syrinx. Here, we assess the occurrence of CMI in the pediatric TM population and management outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study based on 61 consecutively identified pediatric TM cases over an –8-year period. We reviewed demographic characteristics, radiographic findings, presenting symptoms, and long-term outcomes. Results: Eight CMI cases were identified within the TM cohort; all presented with TM by 16 months of age and affecting the cervical spinal cord. In three cases, CMI developed 15 months to 6 years after the onset of TM. One in 10 children with TM had CMI. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate a high prevalence of CMI in patients with TM. Large prospective clinical studies are needed to further investigate the natural history and recovery strategies of CMI involved wi...
Evaluating Macroeconomic Policy: Optimal Control Solutions Versus Suboptimal Alternatives

The application of optimal control techniques to macroeconomic policy analysis has often been motivated by the desire to compare the performance and characteristics of an optimal policy set with that of an alternative policy set, by definition suboptimal. This may be done either in an ex ante sense, in which policy maneuvers under consideration are compared, or in an ex post sense. In the latter application, historical policies -- whether the result of policy rules or discretion -- may be compared with the feasible optimal policy over the period.
“Social Consequences” of School Lunch for Students Who Receive Special Education Services: A Critical Outlook

In this chapter we highlight the need for further investigation into and discussion about the school lunch experiences of students who receive special education services. In 2011, Marcus B. Weaver-Hightower entreated scholars to begin examining the “social consequences” of school lunch, including those of different student populations interacting in the cafeteria. These social interactions and their meanings have been studied in regard to race, socio-economic status, gender, and age, among other factors. However, there has been little investigation into the lunchroom experiences of students who receive special education services, and little is known about interactions between this student population and their general education peers. Among the key questions in need of answers are: What is the current practice in school lunchrooms? What policy informs practice? Who determines procedures to be followed? Asking and exploring such questions will help bring attention to a space (the school lunchroom) and a population (students who receive special education services), which, in combination, have been the focus of very little critical study.
Monte Carlo simulations of small h2so4-h2o clusters

Publisher Summary This chapter presents preliminary results of a statistical mechanical study of microscopic H20–H2SO4 clusters using effective pair potentials and Monte Carlo simulations. The motivation for these preliminary studies has been to test the model potentials, estimate effective binary surface tension for small clusters and to examine the binary cluster structures for consistency with bulk property predictions. It helps in generating Helmholtz free energy differences for constant concentration, adjacent sized clusters, and estimate effective small binary cluster surface tension. It also presents preliminary results for the free energy differences. Small binary clusters of water and sulfuric acid are simulated with effective atom–atom pair potentials modeled after empirical and quantum mechanical studies of the H2SO4–H20 system. The effective potentials assume rigid H2O and SO4 structures with two unconstrained H+ ions free to bond with either species. The Monte Carlo simulations provide information about size dependent cluster structure, interaction energies, free energies, RMS displacements, and specific heats of the molecules in the cluster.
Burst and continuous high frequency irreversible electroporation protocols evaluated in a 3D tumor model.

High frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is an emerging cancer therapy which uses bursts of alternating polarity pulses to target and destroy the membranes of cells within a predictable volume. Typically, 2 µs pulses are rapidly repeated 24–50 times to create a 48–100 µs long energy burst. Bursts are repeated 100× at 1 Hz, resulting in an integrated energized time of 0.01 s per treatment. A 3D in vitro tumor model was used to investigate H-FIRE parameters in search of optimal energy timing protocols. Monopolar IRE treatments (100 × 100 µs positive polarity pulses) resulted in a lethal electric field threshold of 423 V cm−1. Baseline H-FIRE treatments (100 × 100 µs bursts of 2 µs pulses) resulted in a lethal threshold of 818 V cm−1. Increasing the number of H-FIRE bursts from 100× to 1000× reduced the lethal threshold to 535 V cm−1. An alternative diffuse H-FIRE protocol, which delivers 4 µs pulse cycles (one positive and one negative 2 µs pulse) continuously at 100 Hz, resulted in the lowest H-FIRE lethal threshold of 476 V cm−1. Finite element simulations using 5 kV pulses predict an IRE ablation volume of 3.9 cm3 (1.7 cm diameter) and a maximum H-FIRE ablation volume of 5.3 cm3 (2.4 cm diameter) when a clinical electrode and grounding pad configuration is used. Ablations as large as 15.7 cm3 (3.3 cm diameter) are predicted for H-FIRE treatments with 10 kV pulses. These results combine to demonstrate the importance of electrode geometry, pulse timing, and clinical delivery protocols for the creation of large clinically meaningful ablations.
The Predictive Ability and Usefulness of Accounting Operating Cash Flows

Evidence is provided of the usefulness of accounting cash flow (CF) data to investors and creditors by examining the predictive ability of quarterly operating cash flows. In this study, moving window spectral (MWS) analysis, a frequency domain approach, is applied to accounting time series data for the first time. This method is adopted because of its unique ability to capture trend and cyclical components in the data. Our results show that cash flows can be reliably predicted using aggregate data on a firm by firm basis. In addition, our results outperform the results previously reported in the accounting literature. If the FASB were to require CF disclosures on a segment basis, we believe further improvement in prediction would be possible, thereby enhancing the usefulness of reported CF data. This research provides insight into the properties of accounting time series data not possible from a strictly time domain analysis.
THE GLYCOPROTEIN NATURE OF LIVER GLYCOGEN

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the glycoprotein nature of liver glycogen. Four proteins are considered to be involved in the construction of a glycogen molecule bound to protein. The first of these is a protein primer which forms the backbone for numerous glycogen molecules that will be grown on it. The second protein is an initiator synthase that uses UDPG to construct short maltosaccharide chains bound to the primer protein. They constitute the classical carbohydrate primer for glycogen synthesis, which is accomplished by the third and fourth proteins, glycogen synthase, and glycogen-branching enzyme. The model has many attractive features which go some way to explaining the properties of native glycogen. The Krisman picture of glycogen suggests a means by which the complex between two chains may be stabilized in such a way that the insertion of branch linkages becomes an easy matter. It is not necessary to ask how the first branch linkage is formed.
Loud Ladies: Deterritorialising Femininity through Becoming-Animal

Modern feminist movements run the risk of being appropriated by capitalist agenda and commodified for mass appeal, thus stripping them of their revolutionary potential. I would propose that in orde...
Forum 3: amphibious architecture beyond the levee

ABSTRACTAccording to many critical theorists, the Anthropocene signals the necessity for a critical framework rooted in complex systems entanglement, antihumanism, and diminished possibilities. Exe...
Feature Extraction based on High Order Statistics measures and Entropy for EEG biometrics

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals have been utilized in various biometric research. Although the biometric of EEG given its advantageous in anti-counterfeiting, the forecasts accuracy and efficiency of the current systems are still unsatisfactory in practical application. In this paper, a new approach to extract features for EEG based biometrics is proposed, which can achieve high accuracy and efficiency. The proposed method uses the High Order Statistic and different entropy as features. Evaluation of time and frequency-dependent features have been examined to investigate their distinctive ability. In this paper, the method used to assesses participants under normal emotional states without motor movements. The experimental results show that this new approach can reduce the heavy computational load and ensures a relatively high classification accuracy in recognizing the users. The average accuracy performance achieves to 95.7% which significantly improve than the previous study.
Finger Posture and Finger Load are Perceived Independently.

The ability to track the time-varying postures of our hands and the forces they exert plays a key role in our ability to dexterously interact with objects. However, how precisely and accurately we sense hand kinematics and kinetics has not been completely characterized. Furthermore, the dominant source of information about hand postures stems from muscle spindles, whose responses can also signal isometric force and are modulated by fusimotor input. As such, one might expect that changing the state of the muscles – for example, by applying a load – would influence perceived finger posture. To address these questions, we measure the acuity of human hand proprioception, investigate the interplay between kinematic and kinetic signals, and determine the extent to which actively and passively achieved postures are perceived differently. We find that angle and torque perception are highly precise; that loads imposed on the finger do not affect perceived joint angle; that joint angle does not affect perceived load; and that hand postures are perceived similarly whether they are achieved actively or passively. The independence of finger posture and load perception contrasts with their interdependence in the upper arm, likely reflecting the special functional importance of the hand.
Community-Based Education in Global Low-Resource Settings: A Unique Interprofessional Collaborative Experience in Primary Care Delivery:

The complex nature of global health issues requires multidisciplinary efforts, namely, interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative practice. For American students to develop skills and comp...
A Geometric Interpretation of the Quadratic Formula

This article provides a simple geometric interpretation of the quadratic formula. The geometry helps to demystify the formula's complex appearance and casts it into a much simpler existence, thus potentially benefits early algebra students.
Chapter 5: Defending Life

This chapter interrogates what it means to defend LWOP as an alternative to death. In demanding the abolition of the death penalty — as cruel and unusual, as violative of equal protection, as immoral, and as an inefficient deterrent — have abolitionists unwittingly erected another evil, another type of death, LWOP? One of the most visible flaws in the imposition of the death penalty has been its linkages, historically and now, to race. What does it mean that LWOP, by contrast, is largely invisible, rendering race largely invisible? What does it mean to defend LWOP, that other death, in a society where the resources to defend are miniscule compared to the resources to defend actual death? Finally, what does it mean to us as citizens to live in these new cities, newly configured, sanitized, and purged — again, often along racial lines, and almost always along class lines — via the tool of LWOP?
Association of Heart Rate Variability With Cognitive Performance: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with vascular risk factors for dementia, but whether HRV is associated with specific domains of cognitive performance is unclear. Methods and R...
On the second homology group of the Torelli subgroup of Aut(Fn)

Let IAn be the Torelli subgroup of AutpFnq. We give an explicit finite set of generators for H2pIAnq as a GLnpZq-module. Corollaries include a version of surjective representation stability for H2pIAnq, the vanishing of the GLnpZq-coinvariants of H2pIAnq, and the vanishing of the second rational homology group of the level l congruence subgroup of AutpFnq. Our generating set is derived from a new group presentation for IAn which is infinite but which has a simple recursive form.
Dataset for Fifty Ways to Tag your Pubtypes: Multi-Tagger, a Set of Probabilistic Publication Type and Study Design Taggers to Support Biomedical Indexing and Evidence-Based Medicine

Objective: Indexing articles according to publication types (PTs) and study designs can be a great aid to filtering literature for information retrieval, especially for evidence syntheses. In this study, 50 automated machine learning based probabilistic PT and study design taggers were built and applied to all articles in PubMed. Materials and Methods: PubMed article metadata from 1987-2014 were used as training data, with 2015 used for recalibration. The set of articles indexed with a particular study design MeSH term or PT tag was used as positive training sets. For each PT, the rest of the literature from the same time period was used as its negative training set. Multiple features based on each article title, abstract and metadata were used in training the models. Taggers were evaluated on PubMed articles from 2016 and 2019. A manual analysis was also performed. Results: Of the 50 predictive models that we created, 44 of these achieved an AUC of ~0.90 or greater, with many having performance above 0.95. Of the clinically related study designs, the best performing was SYSTEMATIC_REVIEW with an AUC of 0.998; the lowest performing was RANDOM_ALLOCATION, with an AUC of 0.823. Discussion: This work demonstrates that is feasible to build a large set of probabilistic publication type and study design taggers with high accuracy and ranking performance. Automated tagging permits users to identify qualifying articles as soon as they are published, and allows consistent criteria to be applied across different bibliographic databases. Probabilistic predictive scores are more flexible than binary yes/no predictions, since thresholds can be tailored for specific uses such as high recall literature search, user-adjustable retrieval size, and quality improvement of manually annotated databases. Conclusion: The PT predictive probability scores for all PubMed articles are freely downloadable at http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/evidence_based_medicine/mt_download.html for incorporation into user tools and workflows. Users can also perform PubMed queries at our Anne O9Tate value-added PubMed search engine http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/AnneOTate.cgi and filter retrieved articles according to both NLM-annotated and model-predicted publication types and study designs.
Improving referrals to survivorship: A patient-driven initiative.

44Background: Patients often feel lost in the transition from cancer patient to survivor. As cancer treatment improves, the number of survivors in the US is expected to approach 22 million by the y...
SOME PRODUCTS OF THE BACTERIAL DISSIMILATION OF STREPTOMYCIN

Abstract Klein, Dolph (Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N. J.) and David Pramer. Some products of the bacterial dissimilation of streptomycin. J. Bacteriol. 83:309–313. 1962.—Bacterial dissimilation of streptomycin resulted in products detectable with Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, ninhydrin, and Ehrlich's reagent; these products absorbed ultraviolet light, with a maximum at 265 mμ. Evidence was also obtained for the production of a volatile base, possibly methylamine. Urea and streptamine were formed by growing cultures and washed-cell suspensions supplied with streptomycin. More than 90% of the amidine-nitrogen of the antibiotic was recovered as urea-nitrogen in culture filtrates. It was evident that the bacterial dissimilation of streptomycin involved hydrolysis of the guanido groups of the streptidine moiety of the antibiotic molecule. The site of action was the bond between the amidine group and the secondary amino-nitrogen of each guanido group, and the products of the reaction were urea and streptamine.
Estimating the effects of climate change on the intensification of monsoonal-driven stream discharge in a Himalayan watershed

Understanding potential hydrologic influences to continued climate change in Himalayan watersheds is important for management of transnational water resources. This study estimates the climate change impacts on hydrologic processes of the Kali Gandaki watershed from central Himalayan region using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Daily predicted stream discharge of the basin for 1981–95 following calibration was accurate with Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency value >0.75. Sensitivity analysis of the hydrologic parameters showed the precipitation and temperature lapse rates as the most sensitive parameters to the stream discharge. To assess the influence of continued climate change on hydrologic processes, we modified the weather inputs for the model using average, minimum and maximum temperature, and precipitation changes for the Special Report on Emission Scenarios B1, A1B and A2 derived from 16 General Circulation Models for 2080s. Mean annual stream discharge was approximately 39% higher than current values for the maximum temperature and precipitation changes of the A2 scenario and 22% less for minimum changes of the same scenario. Stream discharge was projected to be changed by +9% during monsoon season and by −6% during pre-monsoon season. Snowfall and snow melt were projected to be 30% and 29%, respectively, less than the current average for the maximum temperature and precipitation changes of the A2 scenario. Future simulations showed potential increase in monsoonal stream discharge associated with projected higher precipitation which when coupled with enhanced summer glacier melt might influence the downstream water availability of the basin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolism of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid by Soil Bacteria

Eleven different bacteria, isolated by enrichment procedures on α-aminoisobutyric (AIB) as sole fixed nitrogen source, were examined for the mechanism by which they attacked the amino acid. All eleven organisms, including one which grew well on isopropylamine, converted AIB to acetone and CO2 and showed an absolute dependence upon pyruvate for this reaction. No organism isolated degraded AIB to isopropylamine as the primary reaction. The data suggested that the usual mode of attack upon this amino acid is by an overall reaction comprised of two half reactions, one a decarboxylation-dependent transamination and the other a normal exchange transamination.
SECTION 1103 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT: SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION v. GEMSTAR-TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC., AND THE NINTH CIRCUIT'S INTERPRETATION OF "EXTRAORDINARY PAYMENTS"

The twentieth century ended with a thriving economy,1 and for the first time in United States history, average citizens were invest­ ing in the stock market.2 Instead of putting money into savings ac­ counts, many were investing their money; they were saving for homes, their children's college education, or their own retirement.3 Then the corporate scandals hit, one after another-Enron, World Com, Adelphia, and Tyco-and many in this new class of in­ vestors lost their savings.4 The scandals started in 2001, with EnronS hiding its losses and deceiving investors.6 In 2001, Enron "had a $618 million net loss for the third quarter and would reduce shareholder equity by $1.2 billion."7 This had the greatest effect on investors, particularly En­ ron employees, who had invested their savings in the company.8 Disturbingly, the corporate executives did not suffer nearly as much from the stock's sudden downturn.9 This was because corporate of­
Non-linear effects at the critical supercurrent in Josephson Junctions arrays

The work of Leath and Xia on the behavior of disordered arrays of Josephson Junctions near the critical current is reviewed with particular emphasis on the non-linear aspects which distinguish it from the breakdown behavior in linear cases such as fuse network failure and fracture with breakable linear springs. In particular we discuss the creations of vortices at breakdown and the self-organized criticality that comes from a sharing of the supercurrent as the entire network fails. Also we give a preliminary review of our recent work on the fluctuation behavior at the transitions on the risers of the Shapiro steps that occur in perfect Josephson junction arrays which are driven by an ac-current.
Interfaith Relations in the United States: Toward a Multilevel Community Psychology Approach

Interest in religion within the field of community psychology has steadily emerged within the last three decades. This interest has focused almost exclusively on the social benefits of religion, glossing over the often-contentious nature of religious life and the ways in which religious individuals and institutions can disrupt healthy human and community development. Considering the recent surge of interfaith conflicts and discriminatory practices targeting religious minorities in communities across the United States, it is imperative that community psychologists begin to examine relevant trends in interfaith relations and potential directions for action research and intervention. This paper serves as the beginning point of just such an examination, proposing a multilevel model for addressing the microsystemic, mesosystemic, and macrosystemic levels of interfaith phenomena. More specifically, I present interfaith contact, congregation-based community partnerships, and theological belief systems as particularly relevant to interfaith community research and intervention. Finally, I detail an interfaith organization that embodies these dimensions of interfaith relations and provides a concrete example of how a multilevel action research model may be effectively employed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching, Technology, And The Art Of The Deal

This paper illustrates a teaching innovation that took a traditional role playing exercise based on a case study and added some nuances that amplified the learning experience. The example illustrated in this paper was a didactic negotiation exercise intended to teach simple, basic negotiation principles like zone of possible agreement (ZOPA), opening gambit, and the “feel of the deal,” but this innovation can be applied to many different types of interactive cases. Traditionally, an exercise like this is conducted in one class; however, in this case study, we enhanced the exercise by using two different classes in two different geographical locations 1 taught by two different professors with different styles of teaching negotiation. Additionally, students had a choice of technology by which to perform the negotiation and technology was used to bring both classes together for a debriefing session. The end result was an exponential increase in the learning experience. Not only did the students accomplish the key learning objectives of the case, the negotiation principals, but they also were able to experience different negotiation styles taught by the two professors and experience the impact technology has on communication effectiveness.
Investigations of the Copper Bromide–Ethylenediamine System: The Hydrothermal Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of [Cu(H2NCH2CH2NH2)2] [{Cu2Br4}] and [Cu(H2NCH2CH2NH2)2] [{Cu5Br7}]

Abstract The hydrothermal reactions of CuBr 2 , CuBr, and ethylenediamine have resulted in the synthesis of two new compounds. [Cu(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 2 ] [{Cu 2 Br 4 }] has a two-dimensional sheet structure while [Cu(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 2 ] [{Cu 5 Br 7 }] crystallizes as a three-dimensional network. Both compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The following are the crystal data for [Cu(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 2 ] [{Cu 2 Br 4 }] (1), triclinic space group P 1 (No. 1) with a =6.491(1) A, b =8.012(2) A, c =8.070(2) A, α =107.713(5)°, β =109.976(4)°, γ =96.815(4)°, Z =1, d calc =2.88 g cm −3 , and w R 2( R 1)=0.093(0.037), and [Cu(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 2 ] [{Cu 5 Br 7 }] (2), orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62), with a =12.886(4) A, b =16.776(5) A, c =9.170(3) A, Z =4, d calc =3.55 g cm −3 , and w R 2( R 1)=0.099 (0.073). Both structures consist of anionic one-dimensional copper(I) bromide chains interspersed with cationic [Cu(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 2 ] 2+ units.
The effect of career education on career maturity

Abstract According to Hoyt (1974) , career education efforts are underway in almost one-third of all school districts in the United States. Indications are that this trend will continue. However, the question of the effects of career education programs remains essentially unanswered. This study was designed to assess the effects of a career education program on students' career maturity as measured by the Career Maturity Inventory (CMI). A pretest/ posttest design was used. The sample consisted of 480 sixth and eighth grade students, one-half of whom participated in a career education program (experimental), with the remaining one-half in a regular school program (control). The career education students consistently displayed higher posttest career maturity levels, four scores being significantly higher. Significant differences were found in occupational knowledge of sixth graders, occupational planning for both the sixth and eighth graders and in the attitude scale score for the eighth graders. It was concluded that the career education program had a positive effect in increasing students' levels of career maturity.
Agonist Medications for the Treatment of Cocaine Use Disorder.

Cocaine addiction is a persistent and insidious public health problem (Pomara et al, 2012). Despite evidence for sustained prevalence, clinical harm, and demand for treatment, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has yet to approve any pharmacotherapy for its treatment. ‘Agonist' medications such as amphetamine maintenance have emerged as one intriguing but controversial class of candidates, and this Circumspectives Article presents pros and cons of agonist medications for treatment of cocaine-use disorder. Evidence in favor of agonist medications will be presented by Dr Steve Negus. Dr Negus has contributed for more than 20 years to research on medications development for drug-abuse treatment, and he published early preclinical data supporting efficacy of amphetamine maintenance to reduce cocaine self-administration. Regulatory challenges to the use of agonist medications will be presented by Dr Jack Henningfield. Dr Henningfield also has decades of experience in preclinical and clinical evaluation of both abuse potential of novel drugs and utility of candidate treatments. He was involved in the research and regulatory processes that led to FDA approval of various nicotine agonist therapies and of buprenorphine as an analgesic and agonist therapy.
Pharmacotherapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SRIs, SSRIs) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are currently considered the first-line treatments for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). A practice guideline and a Cochrane review that recommend these treatments have been published,1,2 even though treatment research on BDD is still quite limited. The publication of these landmark documents underscores how important it is for clinicians to be knowledgeable about current treatment recommendations for BDD, which is a relatively common and often disabling disorder that is associated with high morbidity and mortality (see Didie et al, this issue).
Sketching concurrent data structures

We describe PSketch, a program synthesizer that helps programmers implement concurrent data structures. The system is based on the concept of sketching, a form of synthesis that allows programmers to express their insight about an implementation as a partial program: a sketch. The synthesizer automatically completes the sketch to produce an implementation that matches a given correctness criteria.PSketch is based on a new counterexample-guided inductive synthesis algorithm (CEGIS) that generalizes the original sketch synthesis algorithm from Solar-Lezama et.al. to cope efficiently with concurrent programs. The new algorithm produces a correct implementation by iteratively generating candidate implementations, running them through a verifier, and if they fail, learning from the counterexample traces to produce a better candidate; converging to a solution in a handful of iterations.PSketch also extends Sketch with higher-level sketching constructs that allow the programmer to express her insight as a "soup" of ingredients from which complicated code fragments must be assembled. Such sketches can be viewed as syntactic descriptions of huge spaces of candidate programs (over 108 candidates for some sketches we resolved).We have used the PSketch system to implement several classes of concurrent data structures, including lock-free queues and concurrent sets with fine-grained locking. We have also sketched some other concurrent objects including a sense-reversing barrier and a protocol for the dining philosophers problem; all these sketches resolved in under an hour.
TREATMENT OF VORTEX SHEETS FOR THE TRANSONIC FULL-POTENTIAL EQUATION

SUMMARY This paper summarizes a combined analytical~computational technique which models vortex sheets in transonic potential-flow methods. In this approach, the inviscid nature of discontinuities across vortex sheets is preserved by employing the step function to remove singularities at these surfaces. The location and strength of the vortex sheets are determined by satisfying the flow-tangency boundary condition and the vorticity transport equation. The theory is formulated for the general three-dimensional case, but its application is confined to the problem of computing slipstreams behind propellers with free-vortex blading in axisymmetric flows.
Volatility studies on gallium chalcogenide cubanes : Thermal analysis and determination of sublimation enthalpies

Volatility trends are established for a series of organometallic molecular solids with a cubane geometry and the general form [(R)Ga(μ3-E)]4, where R = Me3C (tBu), EtMe2C, Et2MeC, or Et3C and E = S, Se, or Te. While the temperature of volatilization, T20 defined as 20% mass loss from thermogravimetric analysis, was found to generally increase in a linear fashion with respect to increasing molecular mass, perturbations were observed that can be attributed to intermolecular ligand interactions. Sublimation enthalpies (ΔHsub) for each cubane were calculated from thermogravimetric data, which show that the dependence of ΔHsub on the degree of branching of the alkyl ligand appears to be more substantial than molecular mass effects alone. The C−H···H−C van der Waals interactions between alkyl substituents are estimated to account for more than 60% of the ΔHsub in the organometallic cubane system [(R)Ga(μ3-E)]4. Calculations based on the number of hydrogen atoms present in each alkyl yields an approximate value ...