cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Respiratory complications from tetraethylammonium ion; report of two deaths.

Ill effects of tetraethylammonium ion reported in the current literature are reviewed. Two deaths are reported which are considered to be attributable to this substance; one resulted from a myocardial infarction, the other was due to respiratory failure. Four dogs were given progressively increasing doses of tetraethylammonium ion and all ultimately died of respiratory failure.
Interactions of root and leaf herbivores on purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

Interspecific interactions of herbivores sharing a host plant may be important in structuring herbivore communities. We investigated host plant-mediated interactions of root (Hylobius transversovittatus) and leaf herbivores (Galerucella calmariensis), released to control purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North America, in field and potted plant experiments. In the potted plant experiments, leaf herbivory by G. calmariensis reduced H. transversovittatus larval survival (but not larval development) but did not affect oviposition preference. Root herbivory by H. transversovittatus did not affect either G. calmariensis fitness or oviposition preference. In field cage experiments, we found no evidence of interspecific competition between root and leaf herbivores over a 4-year period. Our data suggest that large populations of leaf beetles can negatively affect root-feeding larvae when high intensity of leaf damage results in partial or complete death of belowground tissue. Such events may be rare occurrences (or affected by experimental venue) since field data differed from data obtained from potted plant experiments, particularly at high leaf beetle densities. Interspecific interactions between G. calmariensis and H. transversovittatus are possible and may negatively affect either species, but this is unlikely to occur unless heavy feeding damage results in partial or complete plant death.
Scattered and hereditarily irresolvable spaces in modal logic

When we interpret modal ◊ as the limit point operator of a topological space, the Godel-Lob modal system GL defines the class Scat of scattered spaces. We give a partition of Scat into α-slices Sα, where α ranges over all ordinals. This provides topological completeness and definability results for extensions of GL. In particular, we axiomatize the modal logic of each ordinal α, thus obtaining a simple proof of the Abashidze–Blass theorem. On the other hand, when we interpret ◊ as closure in a topological space, the Grzegorczyk modal system Grz defines the class HI of hereditarily irresolvable spaces. We also give a partition of HI into α-slices Hα, where α ranges over all ordinals. For a subset A of a hereditarily irresolvable space X and an ordinal α, we introduce the α-representation of A, give an axiomatization of the α-representation of A, and characterize Hα in terms of α-representations. We prove that \({X \in {\bf H}_{1}}\) iff X is submaximal. For a positive integer n, we generalize the notion of a submaximal space to that of an n-submaximal space, and prove that \({X \in {\bf H}_{n}}\) iff X is n-submaximal. This provides topological completeness and definability results for extensions of Grz. We show that the two partitions are related to each other as follows. For a successor ordinal α = β + n, with β a limit ordinal and n a positive integer, we have \({{\bf H}_{\alpha} \cap {\bf Scat} = {\bf S}_{\beta+2n-1} \cup {\bf S}_{\beta+2n}}\) , and for a limit ordinal α, we have \({{\bf H}_{\alpha} \cap {\bf Scat} = {\bf S}_{\alpha}}\) . As a result, we obtain full and faithful translations of ordinal complete extensions of Grz into ordinal complete extensions of GL, thus generalizing the Kuznetsov–Goldblatt–Boolos theorem.
On the expansion, analysis, and mapping of conventional programs into code for bit level processor arrays

Existing and proposed solutions to the problem of using bit level processor arrays to execute conventional programs for sequential machines are described and discussed. An existing software package capable of taking a program expressed in a conventional sequential language and mapping it into a code executable by the processor array reconfiguration algorithm for bit-level arrays (RAB) is described in detail. Experience with its use is reported. A new planned version of RAB is briefly described with emphasis on the differences with respect to RAB and how it can incorporate lessons learned with RAB. >
An Organizational Analysis of Multiple Perspectives of Effective Teaching: Implications for Teacher Evaluation.

This study explores conceptions of effective teaching held across various roles within the school organization and discusses the implications of these for teacher-evaluation policy. Using concepts from the organizational theory literature to guide the investigation--technology; and task conceptions--a qualitative design was used to generate and analyze study data. The roles examined include that of teacher, principal, and board member. Data suggest that the constellation of descriptors across these roles varies in terms of complexity and focus. Since the presence of these competing conceptions creates the potential for organizational conflict, it is argued that the successful evaluation system will not only be characterized by that which is technically feasible, but that which is politically viable.
Dietary Protein and Exercise Have Additive Effects on Body Composition during Weight Loss in Adult Women

This study examined the interaction of 2 diets (high protein, reduced carbohydrates vs. low protein, high carbohydrates) with exercise on body composition and blood lipids in women (n = 48, approximately 46 y old, BMI = 33 kg/m(2)) during weight loss. The study was a 4-mo weight loss trial using a 2 x 2 block design (Diet x Exercise). Diets were equal in total energy (7.1 MJ/d) and lipids ( approximately 30% energy intake) but differed in protein content and the ratio of carbohydrate:protein at 1.6 g/(kg . d) and 3.5 (CHO group), respectively. Exercise comparisons were lifestyle activity (control) vs. a supervised exercise program (EX: 5 d/wk walking and 2 d/wk resistance training). Subjects in the PRO and PRO + EX groups lost more total weight and fat mass and tended to lose less lean mass (P = 0.10) than the CHO and CHO + EX groups. Exercise increased loss of body fat and preserved lean mass. The combined effects of diet and exercise were additive for improving body composition. Serum lipid profiles improved in all groups, but changes varied among diet treatments. Subjects in the CHO groups had larger reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, whereas subjects in the PRO groups had greater reductions in triacylglycerol and maintained higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol. This study demonstrated that a diet with higher protein and reduced carbohydrates combined with exercise additively improved body composition during weight loss, whereas the effects on blood lipids differed between diet treatments.
Nursery privileging for pediatric nurse practitioners

Developing a nursery privileging policy for pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) in a hospital that has not previously used PNPs in this capacity requires a clear understanding of the issues, a well-thought-out plan, and a win-win approach. Current trends in privileging of PNPs are summarized. The credentialing and privileging processes are defined, and the relationships that PNPs must establish with medical and administrative staff are explored. Five steps PNPs should take before requesting nursery privileges along with approaches to managing conflict are suggested. A case example involving the creation of a nursery privileging policy is included.
Impact of body mass index and albumin on morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery.

Abstract Objective: Extremely thin and overly obese patients may not tolerate cardiac surgery as well as other patients. A retrospective study was conducted to determine whether the extremes of body mass index (weight/height 2 [kg/m 2 ]) and/or cachexia increased the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac operations. Methods: Body mass index was used to objectively measure "thinness" (body mass index 30); preoperative serum albumin was used to quantify nutritional status and underlying disease. Data were gathered between 1993 and 1997 from 5168 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or valve operations, or both. Results: No significant correlations were observed between body mass index and preoperative albumin levels. Low body mass index ( P ≤ .0005). Operative mortality was highest among those with both low body mass index and low albumin level. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potentially confounding variables, demonstrated that an albumin level of less than 2.5 g/dL was independently associated with increased risk of reoperation for bleeding, postoperative renal failure, and prolonged ventilatory support, intensive care unit stay, and total length of stay. A body mass index of more than 30 was associated with increased sternal wound infection and saphenous vein harvest site infection. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia and low body mass index each independently predict increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac operations. Preoperative risk stratification with the use of body mass index and serum albumin may help to identify subgroups of patients at high risk for adverse outcomes after cardiac operations. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:866-73)
Sexual behavior in sexually transmitted disease research. An overview

Determinants of sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence have been described at the individual and the population level of analysis. Some issues of measurement remain unresolved in the assessment of risk and preventive behaviors. In general, risk behaviors (sexual, substance abuse, health) and contextual determinants of risk tend to occur together. Population prevalence of many STD risk behaviors is higher among minority populations of lower socioeconomic status. The major issues related to the choice of target groups involve lack of adequate data. Different behavioral interventions may be more appropriate for specific STD. The most important unresolved issue in the context of intervention research may be that interventions to change sexual behaviors are not supported by conclusive empirical evidence. In the past, in most countries, policy instruments have not been used effectively to achieve risk-reducing changes in sexual behavior. Elaboration of these points provides a description of the state of behavioral issues in STD research.
Adverse health consequences of the Vietnam War

The 40th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War is a useful time to review the adverse health consequences of that war and to identify and address serious problems related to armed conflict, such as the protection of noncombatant civilians. More than 58,000 U.S. servicemembers died during the war and more than 150,000 were wounded. Many suffered from posttraumatic stress disorders and other mental disorders and from the long-term consequences of physical injuries. However, morbidity and mortality, although difficult to determine precisely, was substantially higher among the Vietnamese people, with at least two million of them dying during the course of the war. In addition, more than one million Vietnamese were forced to migrate during the war and its aftermath, including many "boat people" who died at sea during attempts to flee. Wars continue to kill and injure large numbers of noncombatant civilians and continue to damage the health-supporting infrastructure of society, expose civilians to toxic chemicals, forcibly displace many people, and divert resources away from services to benefit noncombatant civilians. Health professionals can play important roles in promoting the protection of noncombatant civilians during war and helping to prevent war and create a culture of peace.
Integrating global health into surgery residency in the United States.

Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor University, Houston, Texas; and Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
Service-Level Agreement Durability for Web Service Response Time

Cloud computing is an attractive model for deploying web services ina highly scalable manner. Users access such cloud-hosted services via their web-facing application programming interfaces (APIs). Prior work has shown that it is possible to use a combined approach of static analysis and cloud platform monitoring to predict the response time upper bounds of such web APIs. This technique can be employed to automatically generate service level agreements (SLAs) concerning theperformance of cloud-hosted web APIs. In this work, we explore the validity period of auto-generated SLAs incloud settings. We discuss a simple model by which API consumerscan establish a response time SLA with the cloud platform, and renegotiate it when/if the SLA becomes invalid due to the dynamic nature of the cloud. Using empirical methods and simulations on a real world public cloud platform, we show that it is possible to auto-generatehighly durable response time SLAs for cloud-hosted web APIs, thereby keeping the number of SLA invalidations and renegotiations very low, over long periods.
A Systematic Approach to Educating the Emerging Adult Learner in Undergraduate Management Courses.

Management education research has provided educators with new instructional tools to improve course design and update the methods used in the classroom. In an effort to provide the typical undergra...
Regime change in nuclear weapon states

ABSTRACTThe threat of losing control of nuclear weapons during political crises is not sufficiently prepared for by either individual nuclear powers or the international community. The relative success of securing the Soviet nuclear arsenal after the collapse of the USSR has lulled the world into a false sense of security, but the threat is real and may be increasing. Drawing upon historical case studies in which the government of a nuclear weapon state failed, the author recommends policy options for future scenarios in the hope of preventing potential nuclear disasters in newly proliferating states such as North Korea and Iran.
Superconducting Properties of LaSn x In3 − x

The electronic properties of the pseudobinary compound LaSn x In3− x and several related compounds are known to vary in an oscillatory manner with composition x.1 There is considerable experimental evidence that the variation is due primarily to changes in the electron/atom ratio. We have measured transition temperature T c , density of states at the Fermi surface N (0), Debye energy ΘD and hardness, in an attempt to understand superconductivity in this system.
Stifled [Queer] Voices:

Issues of bullying, suicide, self-expression, self-acceptance, self-harm, among others, within the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, ally, and others (GLBTQQA+) culture are e...
Findings from Miami-Dade Police Department Study

this and the following two chapters include descriptions and analyses of information provided by the Miami-Dade Police Department (MDPD). This chapter reports the general findings from the MDPD control-of-persons reports, and should be read in conjunction with Chapter 4, which includes an analysis of the sequential actions of officers and suspects during encounters, and Chapter 5, which reviews the inconsistencies in reports from officers and suspects. The Miami-Dade Police Department provided complete access to their use-of-force and officer personnel files. Their cooperation allowed for a comprehensive review and analysis of all the use-of-force and personnel data and was instrumental in allowing the formulation of the framework given in Chapter 8, a framework that underpins this book. The data set from MDPD includes information from 1,038 official Miami-Dade Police Department control-of-persons reports from the years 1996, 1997, and 1998 (Table 3-1). These data are reported by the officer's supervisor after talking to the officer, suspect, and available witnesses. The department's computerized information and an analysis of the written reports were used to create the data set. Although differences existed between officer and suspect versions in 12 percent of the cases (Chapter 7), the analyses of computerized forms and the Force Factor calculations relied on the “official” version as reported by the supervisor. We begin our analysis of the Miami-Dade Police Department Control of Persons Reports with information on suspect characteristics and actions, then discuss arresting officer characteristics and actions, and analyses of the interaction patterns between officer and suspect.
Breaking It Down: A Brief Exploration of Institutional Repository Submission Agreements

ABSTRACT Institutional repositories typically have a submission agreement that is meant to protect the institution hosting the repository and inform submitters of their rights and responsibilities. This article examines how various libraries have created submission agreements, enquires as to issues surrounding them, and identifies commonalities and unique statements. The authors deployed a survey to institutional repository administrators listed in OpenDOAR in the United States. Approximately 7% of the 304 potential institutional repository managers responded. Library administrators, institutional repositories managers/architects, and legal counsel were the most likely to have input into the creation of the submission agreement; scholarly communications librarians were involved only 20% of the time. Although submission agreements averaged 282 words arranged in 9 sentences, their reading complexity requires a university degree. Commonalities include characterizing the agreement as a non-exclusive license, indicating the submitter's responsibility for obtaining permissions for any content that they did not produce, and confirming the right of the submitter to enter into the agreement. Submission agreements are generally complex and do not accommodate the common practice of mediated submission. Sharing submission agreements publicly may lead to simplified and standardized language and reduce barriers to submitters.
Novel materials

Materials have central roles in all fields of engineering; they define, through structures and devices, our interfaces to the physical and the virtual world. The emergence of new materials catalyzes transformative advances in civilizations, to an extent that eras of human development are often defined by the prevailing materials used in engineered systems, from the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages to the present times, aptly referred to as the Silicon or the Polymer Age. From an academic standpoint, the fundamental phenomena that define complex relationships between chemical compositions, structures, and properties in advanced materials serve as the basis for some of the most intellectually stimulating and dynamic areas of research in the physical sciences. This work has additional appeal because it is intrinsically interdisciplinary and combines essential aspects of traditional fields of study in physics, chemistry, and even biology, to an increasing extent, together with engineering processes and control strategies. Progress in materials science and in the engineering application of new materials is essential to the pursuit of solutions to societal grand challenges. Examples span those related to the development of sustainable sources of energy, from high-power magnets for wind turbines to designer semiconductors for solar cells; to the invention of technologies that improve human health, from metal alloys for lightweight prosthetics to polymer matrices for controlled drug release; to progress in intra- and interplanetary travel within realms of objective and virtual reality alike, from high-efficiency batteries for emissions-free vehicles, to carbon composites for fuel-efficient spacecraft, to atomically thin films for high-speed integrated circuits. This Special Feature on Novel Materials presents a collection of perspectives articles, short reviews, and original research papers designed to capture some of the breadth and excitement in recent materials research. This representative set of topics intersects critical areas in electronics, biology, advanced manufacturing, and chemical … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jrogers{at}northwestern.edu or desimone{at}email.unc.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A “Master Regulatory Cis-element” Governs the Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Compartment, Vascular Integrity, and Cardiovascular Development

Abstract 1304 The expression and activities of master regulatory proteins are exquisitely controlled to ensure the proper development of complex organisms. As a master regulator can orchestrate multiple developmental processes, presumably mechanisms involving a large ensemble of cis -elements and trans -acting factors are deployed to establish this control. GATA-2, a master regulator of hematopoiesis expressed in hematopoietic, endothelial, neuronal, and fat cells is likely subject to such complex regulation. GATA-2 occupies dispersed sites of the Gata2 locus, highlighting a positive autoregulatory mechanism. As GATA-1 levels rise during erythropoiesis, GATA-1 displaces GATA-2 from the Gata2 locus, instigating repression. “GATA switches” occur at five dispersed Gata2 sites (−77, −3.9, −2.8, −1.8 and +9.5 kb). Targeted deletion of GATA factor switch sites −2.8 and −1.8 revealed that these sites individually contribute to maximal Gata2 expression, but are otherwise dispensable for embryogenesis and steady-state hematopoiesis. Herein, we describe the targeted deletion of an intronic GATA switch site (+9.5) comprised of an E-box GATA factor composite cis -element. Strikingly, whereas the Gata2 gene knockout results in lethal anemia by E10.5, the +9.5 mutation yielded embryonic lethality around E13.5. The +9.5 mutation greatly reduced Gata2 expression in fetal livers, heart and endothelial cells, but not in the brain. Consequently, by E12.5 mutant mice exhibited severely reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in fetal livers as assayed by cell sorting and colony assays. However, mutant mice were not overtly anemic and Ter119+ cells were abundant in the mutant fetal livers, accounting for the delay in lethality compared to the Gata2 knockout. Additionally, +9.5 mutant embryos displayed vascular/cardiovascular malformations and severe hemorrhaging. This work reveals that, unlike the −2.8 and −1.8 GATA switch sites, the +9.5 composite element functions as a “master regulatory cis -element” required for HSPC development, vascular integrity, and cardiovascular development. Genomic analyses identified a large cohort of loci containing conserved intronic composite elements resembling the +9.5 element, with heavy representation at genes critical for HSPC and vascular development/function, as well as novel genes of unknown function. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Body image and dissatisfaction among rural Deep South African American women in a weight loss intervention

Body image perception may impact health-promoting behaviors as well as knowledge regarding health risks associated with obesity. Our cross-sectional analysis evaluated body image and its associatio...
Molecular doping of transition metal dichalcogenides using metal phythalocyanines

Control of carrier type and density through doping of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is critical for their applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, we explore a group of phythalocyannie (Pc) molecules that can chelate with various metal elements from the periodic table, providing a wide range of doping levels. Unlike other substitutional doping distorting TMD lattices, these Pc molecules dope the TMD channels through surface charge transfer [1]. By using metal substituents with different work functions, such as Pt, Cu, Fe, and Na in phythalocyannies, we are able to tune the doping level and polarity of TMD devices. We achieved the highest doping levels for phsioabsorbed species up to date. Unlike other dopants exhibiting unstable doping effects [2], these Pc compounds offering high doping levels remain almost unchanged even weeks after initial doping. These Pc molecules can chelate up to 70 different elements from the periodic table [3] and potentially providing vastly different properties to TMD devices.
Effects of Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization and Hydrocolloids on Physicochemical and Storage Properties of Soymilk.

This study investigated the efficacy of ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) in the presence or absence of added hydrocolloids for enhancing a range of physic-chemical properties of soymilk—which are important for extending shelf-life. Soymilk preparations containing different concentrations (0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.05%, w/v) of 2 different hydrocolloids (κ-carrageenan, κ-C, and gum Arabic, GA) were subjected to 3 different levels of UHPH (70, 140, and 210 MPa) and stored in sterilized containers at 4 °C. Emulsion properties of the soymilk preparations were analyzed over a period of 5 weeks. The results showed that soymilk with 0.05% κ-C had markedly improved storage properties, evident by significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced surface energy and absolute ζ potential values compared to the unhomogenized soymilk with no hydrocolloid (16% and 39% augmentations, respectively) at the 1st week of storage. This trend continued throughout the entire period of study. The soymilk containing 0.05% κ-C also exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower (60%) mean globular particle size at the initial week compared to the latter ones and maintained the trend throughout the 3rd week of storage. The study can potentially lead to a considerable economic benefit to the soymilk industry by providing valuable information to extend shelf-life of soymilk.
Utility-Driven Deployment Decision Making

This paper presents the formulation of two utility functions, for the resource provider and the service customer respectively, to enable the orchestrator to consider business goals/incentives when making comparisons between deployments. The use of cost elements in these utilities further supports a precise exposure of the value proposition of differentiated or heterogeneous infrastructure, which is greatly beneficial to resource providers.
Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors

In 1993, James Redfield published the Celestine Prophecy, an intriguing book describing the nine insights of life as revealed in a fictitious Peruvian manuscript. As individuals uncover each of the insights in sequence, they learn that the physical world is a huge system of energy. However, because people do not know how to harvest that energy, they compete with other individuals for the energy that they can acquire directly from them. Thus, throughout history, human conflict has stemmed from competition for the energy that flows between individuals. By controlling another person, people can increase their own energy by “stealing” some of the other individual’s energy. The method that people use to gather another’s energy is referred to as a control drama and reflects patterns of behavior that were learned in childhood. Thus, some people control others by making them feel guilty. Others direct people by monopolizing conversations. Still others control people by ostracizing them and depriving them of valued interpersonal resources. So, aversive interpersonal behaviors, at least in part, reflect people’s control dramas or the methods that they invoke to gather energy from others (Redfield, 1993).
Knowledge of Health Conditions Associated With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Is Low Among US Hispanic Adults

Purpose:To examine associations between knowledge of health conditions and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among Hispanic adults.Design:Quantitative, cross-sectional study.Setting:The 2015 Es...
The importance of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence angiography in perfusion assessment in vascularized omentum lymphatic transplant.

Background and objective Vascularized omentum lymphatic transplant (VOLT) for treatment of lymphedema has become popular because of no risk of iatrogenic lymphedema and abundant lymphatic tissue. However, perfusion to the omentum can be difficult to assess clinically. The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence and degree of ischemia in the omentum. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to review indocyanine green perfusion findings on patients undergoing VOLT. Patients were placed into 4 categories based on the percentage surface area of omentum that was ischemic: normal, less than 25%, between 25% and 50%, and greater than 50% ischemic. Spearman correlation was performed to determine whether an association exists between prior abdominal surgery and the presence of ischemia. Results Twenty-six patients underwent VOLT for treatment of extremity lymphedema. Twelve (46.2%) patients had normal perfusion, 8 patients (30.8%) had less than 25% ischemia, and 6 patients (23.1%) had 25% to 50% ischemia. Prior abdominal surgery was not significantly associated with the presence of ischemia. Conclusions Normal flap perfusion is a requisite for successful VOLT harvest. However, over half the patients had some degree of abnormal perfusion irrespective of prior abdominal surgery. Indocyanine green angiography is an important tool in ensuring a healthy lymphatic reconstruction.
Questionnaire Reliability Under the Rasch Model

Quality of life studies must be concerned with the accuracy, or reliability (as it is usually called in psychometrics) of measurement. A reliability coefficient gives an evaluation of a questionnaire’s ability to yield interpretable statements about the construct being measured. There are two classes of models for analyzing unidimensional scales: classical models and Item Response Theory (IRT) models. Classical models are based on a linear decomposition of the score, and reliability is estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. IRT models focus on the relationship between the probability of a correct answer and a latent variable. The Rasch model is a special IRT model which having good measurement properties. In the context of the Rasch model, or IRT models in general, no reliability coefficient similar to Cronbach Alpha is clearly defined. Some authors have studied the Fisher information of the latent parameter, which provides a measure of accuracy of the estimator. In this chapter, we present how reliability is estimated for classical models, and we propose a reliability coefficient for the Rasch model. Simulated data and data derived from the communication subscale of the Sickness Impact Profile are used to illustrate the methods.
The effectiveness and equity of public-private partnerships in education: A quasi-experimental evaluation of 17 countries

I estimate achievement effects of education public-private partnerships (PPPs) in 17 countries on the 2009 PISA assessment. Enrollment in PPP schools is tied to student wealth and prior academic ability. PPP students outperform their public peers on half of all outcomes. After accounting for selection, the PPP performance advantage remains on one-quarter of outcomes. However, nearly all of these performance differences are accounted for by school-level peer group effects. PPP schools are outperforming their public counterparts not through any advantages in productive efficiency but through sorting of more capable students.
Deep neural networks for compressive hyperspectral imaging

We investigate deep neural networks to reconstruct and classify hyperspectral images from compressive sensing measurements. Hyperspectral sensors provide detailed spectral information to differentiate materials. However, traditional imagers require scanning to acquire spatial and spectral information, which increases collection time. Compressive sensing is a technique to encode signals into fewer measurements. It can speed acquisition time, but the reconstruction can be computationally intensive. First we describe multilayer perceptrons to reconstruct compressive hyperspectral images. Then we compare two different inputs to machine learning classifiers: compressive sensing measurements and the reconstructed hyperspectral image. The classifiers include support vector machines, K nearest neighbors, and three neural networks (3D convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks). The results show that deep neural networks can speed up the time for the acquisition, reconstruction, and classification of compressive hyperspectral images.
High-Definition Routing Congestion Prediction for Large-Scale FPGAs

To speed up the FPGA placement and routing closure, we propose a novel approach to predict the routing congestion map for large-scale FPGA designs at the placement stage. After reformulating the problem into an image translation task, our proposed approach leverages recent advancement in generative adversarial learning to address the task. Particularly, state-of-the-art generative adversarial networks for high-resolution image translation are used along with well-engineered features extracted from the placement stage. Unlike available approaches, our novel framework demonstrates a capability of handling large-scale FPGA designs. With its superior accuracy, our proposed approach can be incorporated into the placement engine to provide congestion prediction resulting in up to 7% reduction in routed wirelength for the most congested design in ISPD 2016 benchmark.
FSI Study with Cyclic Loading

Fatigue failure is one of the most common failure modes for structures. This is also true for composite structures that are in contact with water. This chapter presents the experimental results of composite structures subjected to cyclic loading while they were under water (Kwon et al. in Exp Mech 56(4):645–652, 2016, [1]). Then, a numerical study was also conducted to further explain the test results (Kwon in Appl Compos Mater 21(1):227–245, 2014, [2]).
Artifacts of Crisis: Textual Analysis of Euromaidan

We analyze three textual data streams to characterize the change that occurred during the Ukrainian revolution of 2014. These data streams include legislative bill text, posts on Ukrainian political blogs, and Twitter data. Each stream provides a different perspective: politicians, local citizens, and global citizens. It is apparent that bill production stalled early on in the demonstrations, and that the post-revolution government quickly began voting on bills. Topic analysis of blogs and tweets revealed growing interest in Ukraine following the march on the legislature. Interest in Ukraine eventually overtook that of the conflict in the Middle East, before dying back down in the following month. Our results suggest that a stall in bill production may be an early indicator of dysfunction in the government, while spikes in Twitter activity can be seen almost immediately after the event. This effect is true for blogs as well, although for a prolonged period, implying a more detailed discourse about the event.
Feasibility-Guided Learning for Constrained Optimal Control Problems

Optimal control problems with constraints ensuring safety can be mapped onto a sequence of real time optimization problems through the use of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) and Control Lyapunov Functions (CLFs). One of the main challenges in these approaches is ensuring the feasibility of the resulting quadratic programs (QPs) if the system is affine in controls. In this paper, we improve the feasibility robustness (i.e., feasibility maintenance in the presence of time-varying and unknown unsafe sets) through the definition of a High Order CBF (HOCBF); this is achieved by a proposed feasibility-guided learning approach using machine learning techniques. The effectiveness of the proposed feasibility-guided learning approach is demonstrated on a robot control problem.
Validation of a clinical decision instrument for emergent neuroimaging after a seizure: Let's image malignancy, intracranial hemorrhage, and trauma (LIMIT).

Background Given the many causes of seizures, emergency physicians often utilize brain computed tomography (CT) to evaluate for intracranial pathology. However, a CT exposes patients to 100 times more radiation than a chest radiograph. Previously, we developed a four-item clinical decision instrument (CDI) to determine which patients with status epilepticus (SE) do not require emergent neuroimaging. In this study, we seek to prospectively validate our CDI in patients with a history of seizures with both SE and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Methods This was a prospective observational study of 1,739 consecutive patients who were recruited from two urban hospitals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. All patients, 18 years and older, who presented with a chief complaint of seizure and had emergency neuroimaging performed were eligible for inclusion. Patients were excluded from analysis if this was a first-time seizure, had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, or had focal neurologic deficits. Results A total of 376 patients were in the final analysis. Of the 376 patients, 10 patients (3%) had positive CTs. Nine of the 10 of the patients were identified by our CDI, resulting in a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.5%. On secondary analysis, we refined our CDI from four to three criteria: 1) history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), 2) active malignancy, and 3) trauma. These criteria also had a NPV of >99% when applied to patients in SE. Conclusion The validation of our CDI showed improved NPV when compared to the derivation set. Use of the criteria of history of ICH, active malignancy, and trauma could have reduced the use of emergent neuroimaging in our cohort by up to 49%. This CDI should be validated in a larger subset of patients and in multiple centers prior to widespread adoption.
The Shifting Roles of State Budget Offices in the Midwest: Gosling Revisited

Almost a decade ago a study of three midwestern states revealed a variety of budget office orientations, ranging from a control to a policy emphasis, including a state in transition from one to the other. This article revisits these states to examine their current orientations and whether different office orientations influence the role of budget analysts in the budgetary process. The results suggest that another stage should be added to Schick's 1966 framework to account for the evolution of some state budget offices to a policy orientation.
History of depression is associated with worsened postoperative outcomes following colectomy.

AIM Depression is a prevalent disorder that is associated with adverse health outcomes, but an understanding of its effect in colorectal surgery remains limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of history of depression among patients undergoing colectomy. METHOD United States patients from Marketscan (2010-2017) who underwent colectomy were included and stratified by whether they had a history of depression within the past year, defined as (1) a diagnosis of depression during the index admission, (2) a diagnosis of depression during any inpatient or (3) outpatient admission within the year, and/or (4) a pharmacy claim for an antidepressant within the year. The primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and inpatient hospital charge. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications. Logistic, negative binomial, and quantile regressions were performed. RESULTS Among 88 981 patients, 21 878 (24.6%) had a history of depression. Compared to those without, patients with a history of depression had significantly longer LOS (IRR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.05, 1.07]), increased inpatient charge (β = 467, 95% CI [167, 767]), and increased odds of in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.08, 1.73]) after adjustment. History of depression was also independently associated with increased odds of respiratory complication, pneumonia, and delirium (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION History of depression was prevalent among individuals undergoing colectomy, and associated with greater mortality and inpatient charge, longer LOS, and higher odds of postoperative complication. These findings highlight the impact of depression in colorectal surgery patients and suggest that proper identification and treatment may reduce postoperative morbidity.
Leishmania in the chick embryo: IV. Effects of embryo age and hatching, and behavior of L. donovani in cultures of chick fibroblasts☆

Abstract On incubation Days 9, 11, 12, 14, or 15, chick embryos were injected intravenously with 4.0 × 10 6 L. donovani amastigotes. Embryos were incubated at 33 C immediately after infection. Numbers of amastigotes found in the liver 1 hr after injection increased as the age of embryo recipients increased. Most 14- or 15-day infected embryos hatched when allowed to do so, but many younger embryos were unable to survive at 33 C. Numbers of amastigotes in the liver of chicks, hatched after infection as embryos, decreased as the cloacal temperature of the chicks increased. Despite a 31 C incubation temperature, chicks exhibited a mean 38.3 C cloacal temperature 1 day after hatching. Chick fibroblast cultures were initiated as explants of embryo brain and infected with amastigotes from hamster spleen. Only amastigotes were seen in cultures kept at 37 C, but extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were present in cultures at 33 C. Although promastigotes increased in number in the medium overlay at 33 C, amastigotes decreased in number at 33 C and 37 C. One intracellular amastigote was seen in a culture which had been incubated at 25 C after inoculation with promastigotes.
Lunar exploration. Water amongst the rock.

The question of whether water exists on the Moon has been highly controversial. Results from the Lunar Prospector mission, now analysed and published, provide the best evidence yet that there is indeed a considerable amount of water on the Moon, in the form of ice under the lunar poles. The instruments concerned detect hydrogen, which could, for instance, exist as H2. But H2O is the more likely form.
Remission of folic acid deficiency in pregnancy

Abstract Prospective investigation of folic acid deficiency in pregnancy will depend upon knowledge and use of various diagnostic tests. A case of severe folate deficiency is presented to demonstrate the spectrum of abnormal laboratory findings associated with the disease and the time required for remission of biochemical and morphologic obnormalities during specific therapy. Valuable information obtained from this study will allow more definitive investigation of both folate deficiency and its sequelae in pregnancy.
Quality of Life Therapy: Applying a Life Satisfaction Approach to Positive Psychology and Cognitive Therapy

Toolbox CD of Personal Growth Exercises for Clients. PART ONE: INTRODUCTION AND THEORY. 1. Quality of Life Therapy (QOLT): An Introduction. 2. Happiness through the Ages and Sages. 3. QOL Theory. 4. How to Do QOLT. PART TWO: CORE TECHNIQUES IN QOLT. 5. QOLT Assessment: Integrating QOL with Traditional Health Assessments. 6. Sharing Case Conceptualizations with Clients. 7. The Three Pillars of QOLT: Inner Abundance, Quality Time, and Find a Meaning. 8. Five Paths to Happiness and Other CASIO Techniques. 9. The Tenets of Contentment: A Summary of Key Concepts and Skills in QOLT. 10. Emotional Control and Life Management Skills in Goal Striving. PART THREE: AREA-SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS. 11. Goals-and-Values and Spiritual Life. 12. Self-Esteem. 13. Health. 14. Relationships. 15. Work and Retirement. 16. Play. 17. Helping. 18. Learning. 19. Creativity. 20. Money and Standard of Living. 21. Surroundings: Home, Neighborhood, and Community. 22. Relapse Prevention and Maintenance. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
The first perfluoroacetylacetonate metal complexes: as unexpectedly robust as tricky to make

First metal complexes containing the perfluoroacetylacetonato ligand have been prepared by the reaction of anhydrous Ln(OAc)3 (Ln = Eu, Tb, Tm) with heptafluoroacetylacetone, optionally in the presence of other ligands Ph3PO, bpy, and PyO.
The effects of total contact casting materials on plantar pressures.

The plaster-based total contact cast (TCC) is effective at reducing high plantar pressures associated with foot ulceration in the patient with diabetes. However, the weight and the lengthy drying t...
Verification of BLAST by Comparison With Measurements of a Solar-Dominated Test Cell and a Thermally Massive Building

As part of an ongoing effort to use empirical data to test the computational accuracy of the building energy analysis computer program BLAST, two verification studies are reported. In the first, comparisons between air temperatures measured in a highly solar driven test cell and temperatures predicted by the program have been made. The comparisons were performed for two time periods. The simulations were driven by weather data collected at the experimental site in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The test cell configuration and weather data manipulations are described; quantitative evaluations of the comparisons between measured and predicted interior temperatures are presented; limitations of the comparisons are discussed; and sensitivities of the simulation results to uncertainties in the measured parameters are examined. In the second study, comparisons of BLAST predictions to air and surface temperatures, surface heat fluxes, and cooling loads measured in a massive structure have been carried out. These tests represent a verification of the program’s ability to (i) calculate full-scale building loads and (ii) model effects of auxiliary cooling. The structure, its controlled external environment, and the tests conducted are described; the comparisons are presented; and possible sources of discrepancies observed in the comparisons are identified and examined in detail.
The theory of social costs and costing for cost-benefit analysis in a fuzzy-decision space

The essay is devoted to developing a comprehensive framework for social costing in benefit-cost analysis. It is thus concerned with the logic of developing a comprehensive cost information in cost-benefit analysis. The concept of cost, its components and their relationship to decision and choice are discussed. The properties of a cost space equipped with a measure are presented leading to the introduction of cost identification matrix as a technique of analysis. From the elements in the cost identification matrix, distributional weights of cost burden are developed through the logic of fuzzy decision and fuzzy mathematical programming. Cost aggregate is computed. An elaborative example of the theory's application to the problem of mental illness is presented. Appendix A presents the steps of costing.