cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pressure dependent structural changes and predicted electrical polarization in perovskite RMnO3

High pressure x-ray diffraction measurements on perovskite RMnO3 (R = Dy, Ho and Lu) reveal that varying structural changes occur for different R ions. Large lattice changes (orthorhombic strain) occur in DyMnO3 and HoMnO3 while the Jahn–Teller (JT) distortion remains stable. Conversely, in the small R-ion system LuMnO3, Mn–O bond distortions are observed between 4 and 8 GPa with a broad minimum in the JT distortion. High pressure infrared measurements indicate that a phonon near 390 cm−1 corresponding to the complex motion of the Mn and O ions changes anomalously for LuMnO3. It softens in the 4–8 GPa region, which is consistent with the structural change in Mn–O bonds and then hardens at higher pressures. By contrast, the phonons continuously harden with increasing pressure for DyMnO3 and HoMnO3. Density functional theory methods show that E-phase LuMnO3 is the most stable phase up to the 10 GPa pressure examined. Simulations indicate that the distinct structural change under pressure in LuMnO3 can possibly be used to optimize the electric polarization by pressure/strain.
Achieving Clarity: Eight Data-Driven Tips for Legal Communication

This article includes eight data-driven tips that all lawyers should consider when communicating with clients or the public. After all, the goal of such communications should be communicating information clearly so that non-lawyers can understand and act accordingly. The data supporting these tips is from a study the author conducted in 2011 on the public's preferences for legal communication. This was one of the first studies of its kind, so while the tips here are not novel, this is the first time they have been supported by quantitative data.
Age-related enhancement of 5-lipoxygenase metabolic capacity in cattle alveolar macrophages

Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was assessed in cultured alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from newborn (9- and 23-day-old) and adult (2- and 6-yr-old) cattle. The AM were prelabeled in [3H]AA-containing medium and, thereafter, stimulated with either A-23187 or zymosan. The released radiolabeled AA metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line radiodetection. The results showed that, among different-aged cattle, the synthesis of total 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) metabolites [leukotrienes (LT) B4, LTC4, LTD4, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE)] increased with age in spite of similar levels of phospholipase-catalyzed AA release. In response to A-23187 and zymosan, 5-LO metabolic capacity of adult cattle AM was approximately 4- and approximately 10-fold that of 9-day-old cattle AM, respectively. As 5-LO metabolic capacity increased, the release of prostaglandins and thromboxane tended to decrease. Immunoblot analysis showed that the steady-state expression of 5-LO and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) also increased in an age-dependent manner. In newborn calves, AM do not produce great amounts of LTB4; this factor might contribute to insufficient polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment into the alveolar space and the high susceptibility to neonatal lung infection.
Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence in As 75

When ${\mathrm{As}}^{75}$ is irradiated with the gamma rays from a gaseous source of ${\mathrm{Se}}^{75}$, strong resonance fluorescence from the 265-kev excited state is observed. The angular distribution of the resonance radiation has the form $W(\ensuremath{\theta})=1+(0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02){P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$, indicating that the spin of the 265-kev level is larger than \textonehalf{}. If one assumes a spin value of $\frac{3}{2}$, the measured self-absorption of the resonance fluorescence leads to a mean life of (1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ second for the 265-kev transition to the ground state of ${\mathrm{As}}^{75}$.Resonance fluorescence from the 280-kev excited state was found to be at least one order of magnitude smaller than that from the 265-kev state. From this one concludes that the mean life of the 280-kev transition is longer than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ second.No resonance scattering from the 402-kev level was observed. On the basis of the source strength and of the geometry, the absence of an appreciable resonance effect establishes a lower limit of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ second for the mean life of the 402-kev state, and of ${7.10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ second for the partial mean life of the 402-kev transition to the ground state.
MS-27THE IMPACT OF HYPOFRACTIONATED LINAC-BASED STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY UPON EARLY AUDITORY FUNCTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMAS.

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) scheme upon early auditory functions in the treatment of vestibular schwannomas (VSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 21 VS patients treated with a Linac-based frameless fSRT to 25 Gy in 5 daily fractions were retrospectively reviewed. Serial audiometry tests including auditory thresholds and speech discrimination (SD) were conducted prior to fSRT and then at regular intervals post-fSRT to determine the impact of our fSRT scheme on the patient's hearing function. Radiation doses to tumor (conformity index) and cochlea (dose to modiolus, maximal dose and V10) were measured for their impact on the auditory function. RESULTS: There was no tumor recurrence with a median follow-up of 17 months (range, 4-34 mos.). Gross tumor volume ranged from 0.15 to 6.1 cm3 with a mean of 1.47 cm3. Average conformity index (CI) of fSRT was 1.29 ± 0.32. The mean dose to the modiolus of the cochlea, mean of maximal dose and mean of V10 of the cochlea (volume of cochlea received 10 Gy or more) were 16.28 Gy, 23.52 Gy and 87.62%, respectively. There was 7- 8 dBs increase of pure tone average on lower (200, 500 and 1000 Hz) and higher frequency (4000 and 8000 Hz) after fSRT. The average of SD was decreased from 62% to 51% after treatment, which was not statistically significant. A weak correlation between the cochlea dose (modiolus dose and cochlea maximal dose) and the change of higher frequency pure tone average (4000 and 8000 Hz) was observed with a coefficient of 0.48. CONCLUSION: In contrast to literature report of a significant change of pure tone average in the first 12 months after Gamma knife treatment, we observed no significant pure tone average decline but SD decline after fSRT on VS patients.
Antigenic glycoproteins in the teliospore wall of Tilletia indica

We describe the partial characterization of immunoreactive glycoproteins in the teliospore wall of Tilletia indica, the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat (Triticum aestivum ). Proteins from phenol-ex- tracted and precipitated spore wall preparations were used as inject antigens to immunize New Zealand rabbits. Immunoblots of crude preparations of spore wall proteins probed with anti-T indica spore wall IgG showed that the antibodies recognized a 37-43 kDa band present in the spore wall fraction of T. indica. A weakly immunoreactive band of the same mobility was detected in the spore wall of T barclay- ana, a closely related fungal pathogen and causal agent of kernel smut of rice. The 37-43 kDa poly- peptide could not be detected in the teliospore walls of the related fungal wheat pathogens T controversa and T tritici. Differential centrifugation of pulverized
Characteristics and influence factors for direct food supply chain operation

It takes Beijing agricultural picking gardens as data samples.Use questionnaires and SPSS analysis to find out the characteristics of the direct food supply chain's operations and to analyze how the operations have been influenced by factors such as personnel,facilities,funds and seasons etc.Finally,it suggests the picking garden to:gather supports from local government and bank etc.to improve local facilities such as road constructions and public transportations;develop internal facilities such as path,catering,parking,entertainment etc.;use technical supports and one to one diagnose to solve individual technical difficulties;enhance personal skills by offering continuing education and by holding experience exchange tutorials use micro marketing to attract different consumer groups;adopt high-tech,differentiated planting and cooperated pick garden to reduce influences by seasons,and to supply‘one stop'picking practices.
Multiple molecular forms of stereospecific opiate binding.

When brain membranes were incubated in vitro with 3 H-enkephalinamide, then extracted with the non-ionic detergent Brij 36-T, up to 75% of the levorphanol-displaceable radioactivity was released in a bound form. Analysis of the binding material by gel filtration revealed a broad peak of 100,000-500,000 molecular weight, and several other species of less than 20,000 molecular weight. Iso-electric focusing resolved the binding components into two major peaks of pI’s about 8.4 and 3.2, and several minor species in the pI range 8.3-6.5; both high and low molecular weight material appeared to be present in the two major pI peaks. All of the stereospecific binding components identified by iso-electric focusing appeared to behave similarly with respect to several competing unlabeled drugs, and to Na + ion. Comparable heterogeneity was observed in material stereospecifically binding 3 H-β H -endorphin, 3 H-etorphine, and 3 H-naloxone, and incubation of Brij-extracted 3 H-βH-endorphin-binding membranes with 10 mM dimethyl suberimidate covalently labeled a broad range of species of 2-200 x 10 3 molecular weight. These results demonstrate that many distinct brain membrane components can bind opiates stereospecifically in vitro ; these components may include lipids as well as proteins.
Dose-finding study of phototherapy on stroke outcome in a rabbit model of ischemic stroke.

Abstract Goal While transcranial laser therapy (TLT) has been shown to improve clinical outcome in a preclinical model of ischemic stroke, optimal timing and dosing has yet to be tested adequately. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical stroke outcome in the Rabbit Small Clot Embolic Model (RSCEM) with dose escalating TLT. Methods We utilized the rabbit small clot embolic stroke model (RSCEM) using dose-escalating regimens. Behavioral analysis was conducted at 24 h post-embolization, allowing for the determination of the effective stroke dose (ES 50 ) or clot amount (mg) that produces neurological deficits in 50% of a group of rabbits. Using the RSCEM, a treatment is considered beneficial if it significantly increases the ES 50 compared with the control group. Findings A significant behavioral benefit was seen at triple TLT of 111 mW treatment of 2 min at 2 h post-embolization (6.47 ± 1.06, n = 17; p = 0.03), compared with the previously used regimen (3.09 ± 0.51, n = 15). Conclusion TLT results in significant behavioral improvement when administered 2 h post-embolization. Studies are warranted to evaluate this therapy in combination with thrombolysis.
Liberal Beginnings: After the King: Thomas Paine's and James Madison's Institutional Liberalism

The relationship between republicanism and liberalism that was so central to the theoretical explorations of Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson was transformed into a demanding practical and historical political endeavor for the founders of the American republic. Rather than reflect on hypothetical possibilities, James Madison, Thomas Paine, and their colleagues moved the question of whether a republic could be built for modern times into a concrete political project. A luminous generation of revolutionaries grappled with how a persistent commitment to the classical republican tradition could guide their choices and actions. Pursuing this path, they confronted issues and challenges already identified by prior thinkers, as they turned to the design of institutions to secure a viable and enduring free government. The creation of the American republic is a decisive site for understanding how republican themes and ideas turned in a liberal direction. Key theoretical works, written in the midst of this unprecedented situation, highlight the conceptual changes and institutional innovations that were advanced as the globe's first modern republic became the world's most archetypical liberal democracy. As it unfolded, this complex undertaking became the explicit and focused object of an almost obsessive analysis by the period's leading thinkers and political actors.
The laboratory of heinrich hertz: Where circuit theory and field theory came together

The dipole antennas used by Hertz to demonstrate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in free space were of sufficiently small size electrically that their essential properties could be obtained from rudimentary equivalent circuits. Here we show computed time-harmonic properties of Hertz's transmitting dipole and receiving loop as well as their equivalent circuits. From this we determine the resonant frequencies that were essential to Hertz's work since the spark-excitation he employed resulted in radiation over a fairly narrow bandwidth near the first resonant frequency. Hertz used this resonant frequency f and the wavelength measured from standing waves to determine that velocity from the product v = f λ.
Operative technique and pitfalls in donor heart procurement

We describe a simple and reproducible donor heart procurement technique in sequential steps. A detailed understanding of procurement and organ preservation techniques should be an essential part of a heart transplant training program.
RNA Interference for Mosquito and Mosquito-Borne Disease Control

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool to silence endogenous mosquito and mosquito-borne pathogen genes in vivo. As the number of studies utilizing RNAi in basic research grows, so too does the arsenal of physiological targets that can be developed into products that interrupt mosquito life cycles and behaviors and, thereby, relieve the burden of mosquitoes on human health and well-being. As this technology becomes more viable for use in beneficial and pest insect management in agricultural settings, it is exciting to consider its role in public health entomology. Existing and burgeoning strategies for insecticide delivery could be adapted to function as RNAi trigger delivery systems and thereby expedite transformation of RNAi from the lab to the field for mosquito control. Taken together, development of RNAi-based vector and pathogen management techniques & strategies are within reach. That said, tools for successful RNAi design, studies exploring RNAi in the context of vector control, and studies demonstrating field efficacy of RNAi trigger delivery have yet to be honed and/or developed for mosquito control.
Predicting intention to use evidence-based management among U.S. healthcare administrators: Application of the theory of planned behavior and structural equation modeling

ABSTRACTEvidence-based management (EBMgt) is considered the best practice in decision-making for healthcare administrators. However, the adoption of EBMgt has been slow by U.S. healthcare administrators. Few studies have examined what influences healthcare administrators’ behaviors toward the use of EBMgt in today’s U.S. health system. The purpose of this study was to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to predict intention to use EBMgt among U.S. healthcare administrators. A cross-sectional, non-experimental study was conducted, using a two-stage cluster sample of 154 health leaders in U.S. healthcare organizations. The data were collected and entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. SEM was performed using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 22.0. The study findings showed that healthcare administrators’ intention to use EBMgt was statistically and significantly predicted by their attitudes (β = 0.55) and perceived behaviora...
Testing: Making the IT Separation Foolproof

Divestiture transactions demand a complex and wide-ranging set of changes to business-critical information technology (IT) systems. These IT changes go through a software development life cycle (SDLC) that includes designing, building, testing, and deploying the changes. These changes must move through the SDLC quickly to avoid disrupting business for the divested entity and the seller company on Legal Day 1. Most IT teams are not accustomed to this size, scale, and complexity of changes required while being in a race against the clock. Testing teams engaged in divestitures are responsible for ensuring that the existing IT applications and infrastructure components are able to separately recognize and support legal entities, customers, suppliers, employees, product lists, and processes that are split between the seller and the divested entity. Additionally, testing teams must also operate under extreme time constraints to minimize defects and risk to transaction close. This complexity increases exponentially with the size of the IT landscape and puts an enormous burden on testing teams to go above and beyond in planning and executing the required activities.
Quantifying the Epistemic Uncertainty in the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard from Two Major Faults in Western Nevada

The probabilistic seismic hazards in the larger cities of western Nevada are dominated by the Mount Rose and Carson Range faults. These are normal faults; Reno and Carson City are on the hanging wa...
How to argue for pragmatic encroachment

Purists think that changes in our practical interests can’t affect our knowledge unless those changes are truth-relevant with respect to the propositions in question. Impurists disagree. They think changes in our practical interests can affect our knowledge even if those changes aren’t truth-relevant with respect to the propositions in question. I argue that impurists are right, but for the wrong reasons, since impurists haven’t appreciated the best argument for their own view. As I show, there is an argument for impurism sitting in plain sight that is considerably more plausible than any extant argument for impurism.
Art on the Internet and The Digital Public Sphere, 1994–2003

Author(s): Driscoll, Megan Philipa | Advisor(s): Kwon, Miwon | Abstract: This dissertation narrates the development of internet art, a diverse set of practices united by their interrogation of the technological, social, and/or political bases of computer networks. Covering the period from 1994, when internet art coalesced around the rise of the World Wide Web, to 2003, when both internet art and internet culture writ large began to respond to the rise of social media and web 2.0 technologies, the dissertation homes in on specific net art projects that variously engaged or challenged this period’s most persistent claim: that the internet is a new, digital public sphere. By studying how these artworks critiqued this claim, the dissertation uncovers three major models through which net art has asserted the publicness of computer networks—as an interpersonal network that connects or unites strangers into groups; as a virtual space akin to physical spaces of public gathering, discourse, and visibility; and as a unique platform for public speech, a new mass media potentially accessible to all.Claims for the public status of computer networks rest on their ability to circulate information and facilitate discussion and debate. This definition of publicness is rooted in the concept of the classical public sphere as theorized by Ji?½rgen Habermas. The dissertation thus reviews Habermas’s model of the classical public sphere, and its most significant critiques, in order to interrogate the terms of a digital public sphere. The dissertation also engages Michael Warner’s work on the formation of publics, counterpublics, and the mass-cultural public sphere; Oskar Negt and Alexander Kluge’s analysis of shared experience as the foundation of the formation of public spheres and the role of mass media in this process; Henri Lefebvre’s articulation of the social production of space; and Gilles Deleuze and Alexander Galloway’s respective analyses of the role of network logics in systems of control. As a whole, the dissertation provides an historical account and critical analysis of internet art that encompasses not only its technological evolution but also its confrontation with the claims of publicness upon which our understanding of computer networks, and the art made on and about them, are founded.
The Tragedy of the War Power: Presidential Decisionmaking from Truman to Obama

Why does the government always seem to fall short when it decides for war? In this article and the larger project from which it is taken, I argue that the decisionmaking failures in the major wars fought by the U.S. since 1945 fall into distinct patterns that are connected to a broader imbalance in the constitutional order. More precisely, they are executive branch failures that stem from the lack of interbranch deliberation built into the post-1945 constitutional order. The most prominent patterns have been a failure to engage in realistic war planning, a closely related failure to decide on war aims, and a background assumption that the president, as chief officer of the executive branch, can carry the entire burden of war decisionmaking alone. In particular, understanding the decisionmaking failures in Korea, Vietnam and the 1991 Gulf War can illuminate what was widely believed to be an inadequate deliberative process before the Afghanistan and Iraq wars.
Hyperbilirubinemia: should we adopt a new standard of care?

The review and recommendations by Newman and Maisels1 in this issue of Pediatrics constitute a provocative critique of our current state of knowledge concerning the risks of hyperbilirubinemia in term infants and should begin a dialogue about the recommended standard of care for jaundiced newborns. For several decades, the use of exchange transfusions to prevent kernicterus and phototherapy to prevent exchange transfusions, the puzzling emergence of low-bilirubin kernicterus, the "discovery" of breast milk jaundice, and concern over the possible contribution of bilirubin to neurologic handicap have combined to encourage preemptive intervention for moderate jaundice in asymptomatic newborns. But has this strategy of anticipatory management become hardened into an overly aggressive pattern of testing and treatment? Newman and Maisels conclude that it has.
Materials Informatics: An Introduction

Studying structure–property relationships is an accepted paradigm in materials science, yet these relationships are often not linear and the challenge is to seek patterns among multiple length and time scales. There is rarely a single multiscale theory or experiment that can meaningfully and accurately capture such information. In this chapter we introduce the rationale as to why we need informatics by briefly summarizing the challenges of information complexity one has to deal with in material science, in order to systematically establish structure–property–processing relationships. Some of the concepts and topics to be covered in this book are introduced, including information networks, data mining, databases, and combinatorial experiments to mention a few. The value of “materials informatics” lies in its ability to permit one to survey complex, multiscale information in a high-throughput, statistically robust and yet physically meaningful manner.
Linking Social Welfare Policy and Global Problems

This article is a case study of an advanced social welfare policy seminar that explored the interconnections between global threats such as violence and warfare, environmental degradation, poverty, and immigration, and the current and future endeavors of the social work profession. The author describes the theoretical underpinnings and format of the seminar, examines four propositions or lessons that emerged from the course, and analyzes the implications of these lessons for social work practice, research, and education.
The Power to Name: A History of Anonymity in Colonial West Africa

Between the 1880s and the 1940s, the region known as British West Africa became a dynamic zone of literary creativity and textual experimentation. African-owned newspapers offered local writers numerous opportunities to contribute material for publication, and editors repeatedly defined the press as a vehicle to host public debates rather than simply as an organ to disseminate news or editorial ideology. Literate locals responded with great zeal, and in increasing numbers as the twentieth century progressed, they sent in letters, articles, fiction, and poetry for publication in English- and African-language newspapers. The Power to Name offers a rich cultural history of this phenomenon, examining the wide array of anonymous and pseudonymous writing practices to be found in African-owned newspapers between the 1880s and the 1940s, and the rise of celebrity journalism in the period of anticolonial nationalism. Stephanie Newell has produced an account of colonial West Africa that skillfully shows the ways in which colonized subjects used pseudonyms and anonymity to alter and play with colonial power and constructions of African identity.
Design and Analysis of Immobilized-Enzyme Flow Reactors

Publisher Summary The overall efficiency of an enzyme reactor design would be determined by myriad factors. Although some general analyses and design procedures for enzyme reactors are known, the dearth of experimental information—particularly on a pilot-plant scale—renders the task of designing and scaling-up an enzyme reactor difficult. A designer, contemplating the design of a given enzymic reaction system, might be posed with several alternative approaches—none of them having a clear advantage or design precedence. If comparative information was available on different alternative design schemes, it would facilitate the choice of a particular system. This chapter presents the comparison between the relative efficiencies of several reactor configurations, based on research done in the laboratory on free and immobilized enzymes. The data was obtained under conditions that permit their meaningful comparison. The most important factors governing the overall reactor efficiency include the enzyme loading factor, carrier loading factor, operational stability of enzyme, external and internal diffusional efficiency, and residence time distribution.
Analyse von internationalen Produktionsnetzwerken mit dem Konzept der Operationalen Flexibilität

Fur Unternehmen des verarbeitenden Gewerbes sind Produktionsverlagerungen ins Ausland ein wichtiges Instrument, um ihren Erfolg nachhaltig zu sichern. Zwar entschieden sich aufgrund der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise zuletzt weniger deutsche Unternehmen, in neue auslandische Produktionsstandorte zu investieren, im Jahr 2003 war es dennoch jedes vierte Unternehmen im verarbeitenden Gewerbe, das eine Erweiterung seiner Auslandsaktivitaten plante (Kinkel und Maloca 2009, Produktionsverlagerung und Ruckverlagerung in Zeiten der Krise, Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer ISI). Diese Standortentscheidungen haben Konsequenzen fur nationale Arbeitsmarkte und stellen eine Entscheidungssituation dar, die ein Abwagen von Unternehmensinteressen und offentlichen Interessen verlangt (Moser 2008, Organisation und Funktionen des Staates im Wandel: Festschrift fur Gabriel Obermann, Wien: Facultas). Dies trifft auch auf andere Hochlohnlander in Europa wie z. B. Osterreich zu.
Gaussian Basis Sets for Molecular Calculations

In the following chapters the electronic structure of molecules will be discussed and the techniques of electronic structure calculations presented. Without exception the molecular electronic wave functions will be expanded in some convenient, but physically motivated, set of one-electron functions. Since the computational effort strongly depends on the number of expansion functions (see, e.g., the following chapters), the set of functions must be limited as far as possible without adversely affecting the accuracy of the wave functions. This chapter will discuss the choice of such functions for molecular calculations.
Differential Inequalities at Resonance

It is well known that the theory of differential inequalities for the initial value problems has been very useful in the theory of differential equations [3,8]. Recently, such types of differential inequalities were developed for boundary value problems [1,6] and were used in proving the existence of solutions. It is natural to expect that differential inequalities for problems at resonance will be useful in proving, for example, existence results for periodic boundary value problems. Recently, existence of periodic solutions for first and second order differential equations have been considered by utilizing the method of upper and lower solutions and Lyapunov-Schmidt method [2,4,5]. In this paper following [7] we develop differential inequalities for boundary value problems at resonance for first and second order differential equations. As a simple application, we prove existence of multiple solutions as limits of monotone iterates for first and second order periodic boundary value problems.
Professors’ Romantic Advances Undermine Students’ Academic Interest, Confidence, and Identification

Expressions of sexual interest on the part of professors toward students can be unfairly coercive due to the power dynamic involved. Three experiments (totaling 336 participants) explore a different cost of such sexual overtures or “passes.” That cost involves students’ interest in pursuing success in the scholarly field in which the pass occurred. U.S. college students, both male and female, contemplated receiving a pass from a professor who had previously praised their abilities in a valued field of study. Afterwards, compared to their peers who did not contemplate such a pass, those who did imagine a pass reported decreased academic identification (Experiments 1 and 3), more negative perceptions about how their professor viewed them (and more negative perceptions of their professor; Experiments 1–3), and lower state self-esteem (Experiment 3). Female students were more susceptible to these deleterious consequence than were male students, and the difference persisted regardless of the professor’s gender (Experiment 2). This gender difference was due in part to women’s more intense reaction to the doubts that the pass raised for them about their academic fitness. These results hold important implications for how sexual advances in academic settings should be viewed by suggesting an important and previously undocumented set of negative consequences that arise when professors make passes at students.
Parental Understanding of Surgical Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Background Pediatric surgeons are routinely required to discuss complex diagnoses and treatment plans with the parents of their patients. Yet, how well this information is understood by its target audience is unknown. To explore this issue, we asked parents of postoperative neonatal intensive care unit patients to describe their children's care in a variety of domains. Our goal was to assess the degree of parental understanding and to identify factors that influenced comprehension. Materials and methods Parents of neonatal intensive care unit patients who underwent a general surgical procedure were asked to complete a survey of their children's care in six domains of comprehension: name of the primary diagnosis, description of the primary diagnosis, description of the purpose of surgery, identification of surgical risks, identification of surgical benefits, and identification of concerning signs or symptoms to look for after discharge. Parental demographic factors such as age, level of education, and socioeconomic status were recorded, as was the presence of a prenatal diagnosis. Results Overall, 66% of participants described their child's primary surgical condition. Even fewer were able to describe a benefit or risk of the procedure. Parental use of outside resources to gain information was found to significantly relate to parental understanding in all domains. Parental level of education also improved comprehension. Conclusions Parental understanding of surgical procedures, including the events leading up to and after an operation, is an important component of overall patient care. However, we were able to demonstrate that this understanding may be limited in spite of the best efforts of medical professionals. Further investigations should focus on ways in which information can be delivered more effectively to parents.
Age-Friendly Features in Home and Community and the Self-Reported Health and Functional Limitation of Older Adults: the Role of Supportive Environments

This study aims to identify age-friendly community features that are associated with better health for older adults. This cross-sectional study utilized the 2015 AARP Age-Friendly Communities (AFC) Survey, which includes 66 home and community features that fall within the eight domains specified by the World Health Organization (WHO)'s age-friendly cities guidelines. Two measures of health (self-rated health and functional limitations) were examined using multi-level linear and logistic regressions. Both a greater perceived availability of age-friendly features in communities and a good person-environment fit were associated with better self-rated health and a lower likelihood of reporting functional limitations. The domains of outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, and social participation and inclusion were consistently associated with these outcomes. Promoting age-friendliness in outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, and social participation and inclusion domains by providing green spaces, neighborhood safety programs, transportation options, and social opportunities may be the most effective way to support healthy and active aging.
Governance in Post-Conflict Societies : Rebuilding Fragile States

Foreword Frederick D. Barton Preface Derick W. Brinkerhoff 1. Governance Challenges in Fragile States: Re-Establishing Security, Rebuilding Effectiveness, and Reconstituting Legitimacy Derick W. Brinkerhoff Part 1: Governance and Post-Conflict: Perspectives on Core Issues 2. Does Nation Building Work? Reviewing the Record Arthur A. Goldsmith 3. Constitutional Design, Identity and Legitimacy in Post-Conflict Reconstruction Aliza Belman Inbal and Hanna Lerner 4. Election Systems and Political Parties in Post-Conflict and Fragile States Eric Bjornland, Glenn Cowan, and William Gallery 5. Democratic Governance and the Security Sector in Conflict-affected Countries Nicole Ball Part 2: Actors in Governance Reconstruction: Old, New, and Evolving Roles 6. From Bullets to Ballots: The US Army Role in Stability and Reconstruction Operations Tammy S. Schultz and Susan Merrill 7. The Private Sector and Governance in Post-Conflict Societies Virginia Haufler 8. Rebuilding and Reforming Civil Services in Post-Conflict Societies Harry Blair 9. Contributions of Digital Diasporas to Governance Reconstruction in Fragile States: Potential and Promise Jennifer M. Brinkerhoff Part 3: Reforming and Rebuilding Governance: Focus on the Local 10. Decentralization, Local Governance, and Conflict Mitigation in Latin America Gary Bland 11. Subnationalism and Post-conflict Governance: Lessons from Africa Joshua B. Forrest 12. Subnational Administration and State Building: Lessons from Afghanistan Sarah Lister and Andrew Wilder
Taking Disability Public

Anti-discrimination laws enforce the idea that no one should be forced or encouraged to hide their race, gender, sexuality or other characteristics of their identity. So why is disability rights law the glaring exception? Other areas of anti-discrimination law have eschewed forms of enforced privacy about protected classes and, as a result, re-frame privacy norms as problematic, antigenic, and, at times, counter to structural reform goals. In contrast, disability rights law values privacy norms to preempt discrimination; in other words, if you never reveal the information, no one can discriminate against you because of that information. This Article argues that this is a mistake, and that to truly discard stigma and false notions of disability as synonymous with incapacity, we need to fundamentally challenge and re-conceive of how privacy applies to disability identity, legal status, the law’s remedial role and, in some settings, redesign legal interventions to incentivize publicity values.
The expression and clinical significance of murine double minute 2, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, and P-glycoprotein in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background To analyze the expression and clinical significance of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods Thirty-three children with ALL who were admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and January 2018 were enrolled as the ALL group. The expression of MDM2, LAMP1 and P-gp was compared between the two groups, as well as between ALL patients with different clinical characteristics. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors that affect the prognosis and survival of ALL patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the correlations of MDM2, LAMP1 and P-gp on the prognosis and survival of ALL patients. Results The expression levels of MDM2, LAMP1 and P-gp in the ALL group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The average survival time of the group with low expression of MDM2 was (34.92±0.56) months, the average survival time of the group with high expression of MDM2 was (31.32±0.42) months, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The average survival time of the group with low expression of LAMP1 was (36.71±0.55) months, the average survival time of the group with high expression of LAMP1 was (29.87±0.40) months, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The average survival time of the group with low expression of P-gp was (36.29±0.41) months, the average survival time of the group with high expression of P-gp was (26.46±0.37) months, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Abnormal expression levels of MDM2, LAMP1 and P-gp protein are related to the occurrence and development of ALL, and are closely related to patient prognosis and survival. Therefore, MDM2, LAMP1and P-gp can serve as molecular markers for predicting the prognosis of children with ALL.
A yearlong record of ambient sound on the Chukchi Shelf

Studies of ambient sound in the Arctic, both under ice and in the marginal ice zone, have spanned more than 50 years, but rapidly changing conditions with regards to declining ice cover have reduced the relevance of measurements taken in previous decades. Changes in the environment have resulted in changes in the ambient sound field, affecting both the sound generating mechanisms and the sound propagation. From October 2016 to October 2017, the Shallow Water Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (SW CANAPE) was conducted on the Chukchi Shelf. One goal of CANAPE was to observe the changing soundscape. This talk presents acoustic recordings collected on the 150-m isobath with the Persistent Acoustic Observation System (PECOS), which contained a horizontal line array of hydrophones along the seabed and a vertical line array spanning a portion of the water column. This study examines the ambient sound level and uses k-means clustering to quantify the occurrence of six unique spectral shapes associated with different seasons and various sound generation mechanisms. The spectral clusters are correlated with environmental observations including sea concentration and thickness, wind speed, and air temperature. [Work supported by ONR.]
Biased transformation erases traditions sustained by conformist transmission.

Conformist transmission is a cognitively simple decision-making process by which observers are disproportionately likely to follow the majority. It has been studied in multiple species because theo...
'So hurt and broken': A qualitative study of experiences of violence and HIV outcomes among Zambian youth living with HIV.

Emerging data show associations between violence victimisation and negative HIV outcomes among youth in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted in-depth interviews with adolescents and young adults living...
Phase-field modeling and n-point polytope characterization of nanostructured protuberances formed during vapor-deposition of phase-separating alloy films

The formation of surface features, such as grooves, protruding grains, or hillocks, in vapor-deposited phase-separating films is typically attributed to internal residual stresses arising due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the film and the substrate. Even though such protuberances are typically observed on the film’s surface, the current understanding of how interfacial energies and surface contact angles influence this nanostructural evolution is very limited. In view of this knowledge gap, we adopt a three-dimensional phase-field approach to numerically investigate the role of seed morphology and contact angles on the morphological evolution of surface protuberances in phase-separating alloy films. Film nanostructures are quantified using a statistical morphological descriptor, namely, n-point polytope functions, which provides a host of insights into the kinetic pathways while unraveling a hidden length scale correlation present at all contact angles. Finally, we also apply this characterization technique on previously reported micrographs of Cu–Ta and Cu–Mo–Ag films to highlight similarities between our simulation-based findings with those obtained from co-deposition experiments.
Adaptive governance of recreational ecosystem services following a major hurricane

Abstract Despite the popularity of coastal recreational ecosystem services, and their linked synergies and tradeoffs with regulating and provisioning ecosystem services, there is uncertainty over integration into decision-making. There are few empirical analyses of decision-making, and “governance is largely ignored” (Primmer et al., 2015, pg. 158). This case study details decision-making following a major coastal hazard, Hurricane Harvey in the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States (U.S.). It illustrates how collaborative adaptive governance of recreational ecosystem services enhances coastal resilience, or the ability to recover after a hazard. Evidence of resilience centered policy is surprising in the U.S. state of Texas, a conservative subnational area where the denial of climate change science is popular in the epicenter of the U.S. oil and gas industry. This research suggests the devastating hurricane and the popularity of recreational ecosystem services provided a window of opportunity for policy makers to address resilience, which would have been otherwise impossible for political reasons. As part of this process, decision-makers and stakeholders 1) sought out new and innovative funding sources for rapid recreational infrastructure repairs focused on resilience, 2) prevented the loss of public waterfronts and small businesses in the nature based recreational economy that constitute major parts of local identity, and 3) enhanced decision maker capacity to include local ecological knowledge in novel and potentially transformative ways. Recreational ecosystem services, due to their obvious economic importance and popularity, may act as unifying symbols to decision-makers, allowing them enact policy to respond to climate impacts and to conserve ecosystem services in places where this is otherwise politically unpopular.
Theoretical Framework: Media Sociology, Indexing, Source Usage, and Framing

This chapter discusses the theoretical framework utilized in this book’s examination of The New York Times and The Washington Post coverage of the Iran Deal. It begins by introducing media sociology and Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchical Influences Model, the conceptual lynchpins for the empirical components of this project. Special attention is given to indexing theory, which addresses and expands the symbiotic relationship between journalists and official sources and is hailed by many researchers as an important framework for studying the relationship between the government and the press, particularly in the realm of foreign affairs. The related areas of cascading activation, source usage, and framing are also discussed.
Friction-stir welding of a beryllium-aluminum powder metallurgy alloy

The friction-stir welding of a 62 Be-38 Al composite consisting of a Be phase in a continuous Al matrix produced a recrystallized, refined weld zone microstructure with intermixed, equiaxed grains of Be and Al, which increased in hardness by 43 percent from the base metal hardness. Like other friction-stir weld processes, there was no melting and no apparent release of airborne Be or BeO, rendering the process environmentally and technically attractive.
Ovis Aries: A Model for Studying the Effects of Fescue Toxins on Animal Performance in a Heat-Stress Environment

Ergovaline has been recognized as the dominate ergopeptine alkaloid in a typical analysis of endophyte-infected tall fescue (Lyons et al., 1986). Garner et al. (1993) stated that until there are sufficient quantities of ergovaline available for feeding or infusion, the role of ergovaline and the other alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue will remain unclear. Since significant quantities of ergovaline have recently become available (F. Smith, Auburn Univ.), studying the effects of ergovaline on animal performance is now possible. The effects of pure ergovaline have been studied by injecting the compound (Spiers et al., 1995) or by in vitro techniques (Denard et al., 1994). Although the effects of feeding ergotamine have been reported (Hannah et al., 1990 and Osborn et al., 1992), no reports have been published on the effects of ergovaline being fed to animals. The objective of the initial study was to determine a percentage of endophyte-infected Neotyphodium coenophialurn (Glenn et al., 1996) tall fescue seed (E+) in a diet that is capable of causing fescue related symptoms in lambs in a heat-stress environment. In the second experiment, lambs were fed ergovaline at levels greater than ergovaline fed in the E+ diets in order to determine if pure ergovaline would produce fescue toxicosis symptoms.
Mechanical characterization of scalable cellulose nano-fiber based composites made using liquid composite molding process

Abstract Plant derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNF) are a material with remarkable mechanical properties compared to other natural fibers. However, efforts to produce nano-composites on a large scale using CNF have yet to be investigated. In this study, scalable CNF nano-composites were made from isotropically porous CNF preforms using a freeze drying process. An improvised Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process was used to make the nano-composites using a high bio-content ‘green’ epoxy resin. Formation of the freeze dried CNF preforms' porous network highly affects the mechanical properties of the composite, therefore mechanical testing was performed to characterize the effects of pore structure on global mechanical properties. The level of cure was investigated by comparing DSC results and the effect of curing on the composites was studied by tensile and dynamic mechanical analysis tests. The efficacy of silylation on the CNF preforms was analyzed with Water Contact Angle (WCA) measurements where the treatment led to hydrophobicity and hence better wettability by the non-polar resin. The causes of the failure in the composites were investigated using SEM analysis of the fractured surfaces. In general, silylation improved the infusion of resin into CNF preforms and resulted in better mechanical properties.
Fieldwork: Ethical Aspects

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 8, pp. 5625–5628, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.