cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-average-power, long-pulse-length solid-state illuminator laser for high-resolution imaging

Summary form only given. We have recently reported a laser amplification technique that allows pulses of up to 1 /spl mu/s in duration to be efficiently generated from a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) geometry. The incorporation of very low threshold SBS phase conjugation using Brillouin-enhanced four wave mixing provides near-diffraction limited divergence and the output pulses can be frequency-doubled to 527 nm with >50% total external conversion efficiency. We have applied this technology to a high-average-power laser system designed as an illuminator for high-resolution speckle imaging (HRI) of distant objects through the turbulent atmosphere. The laser incorporates four flash lamp pumped Nd:glass zig-zag laser amplifers.
Use of HPV Vaccine in Males and Females

of the Clinical Problem Humanpapillomavirus is highlyprevalent. Certain subtypes areoncogenic andmany are responsible for awide range of disease. HPV types 16 and 18 cause about 70% of cervical cancers. Most of the remainingcasesof cervical cancer are causedbyother typesofHPV. HPV types 16 and 18 are also associatedwith vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, andoropharyngeal cancers.HPV types6and 11 causeapproximately90%ofgenitalwarts. Theprevalenceof infection is highbut varieswidelyacrosspopulations.One recent studyconducted in the UnitedStates, Brazil, andMexicoexaminedmenwhohave sexwith women andmen. In this population,with amean age of 32.5 years, 53.1%were infected with HPV1 and 30%were infected with oncogenic strains. A larger sample of women in the United States documentedanoverall prevalenceof26.8%.Thehighestprevalencewas inwomen aged 20 to 24 years, 44.8%ofwhomwere infected.2 An estimated22 000cancers associatedwithHPV types 16and 18occur annually in the United States.
Heat Transfer to a Hemispherical Body in a Supersonic Argon Plasma

Heat transfer was mcasured for conducting (copper) and nonconducting (teflon) models in a Mach 4.6 low-density Ar plasma in the absence and presence of magnetic fields up to 0.5 Telsa. Results show the importance of local wall currents both with and without magnetic field. For the conducting model, an electron flux entering the surface increased the stagnation-region heat flux compared to the nonconducting model. For the nonconducting model, theory predicts well the heat transfer for zero field but fails to predict the slight increase at the stagnation region with high magnetic field. (DLC)
Numerical simulation of flows with locally characteristic boundaries

Numerical modeling of oceanic circulation on synoptic scales leads to interesting boundary value problems. Data sets with sufficient spatial resolution to be useful for model initialization are usually restricted to limited areas. Consequently, open boundary models are required, but they do not appear to yield well-posed problems, and it is not clear how the schemes currently in use in ocean forecasting experiments perform under such circumstances. The difficulties which occur due to incompatibilities in the specification of boundary conditions may arise in cases in which the open region is embedded in a larger domain in which the flow is very smooth. These effects are thus distinct from the development of discontinuities which form as a result of advection of nonuniform fields, i.e., kinematic frontogenesis. The practical effect of the results presented here is to emphasize the need for regular reinitialization of the forecast fields through some data assimilation process. The difficulties with the boundary value problem are illustrated here through simple analytical examples, and through nonlinear numerical experiments using finite difference and finite element methods. The utility of numerical filters is examined. A review of relevant theoretical investigations is also presented. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1988.tb00349.x
On the high-energy limit in potential scattering

The scattering at high energy of a relativistic spinless particle by a (complex) potential is studied. It is shown that the phase shift, in the impact-parameter representation, becomes energy independent at high energy. We prove that, consequently, both the elastic and inelastic total cross-sections approach nonzero limits as the energy goes to infinity.
Global prevalence and distribution of genes and microorganisms involved in mercury methylation.

Mercury (Hg) methylation produces the neurotoxic, highly bioaccumulative methylmercury (MeHg). The highly conserved nature of the recently identified Hg methylation genes hgcAB provides a foundation for broadly evaluating spatial and niche-specific patterns of microbial Hg methylation potential in nature. We queried hgcAB diversity and distribution in >3500 publicly available microbial metagenomes, encompassing a broad range of environments and generating a new global view of Hg methylation potential. The hgcAB genes were found in nearly all anaerobic (but not aerobic) environments, including oxygenated layers of the open ocean. Critically, hgcAB was effectively absent in ~1500 human and mammalian microbiomes, suggesting a low risk of endogenous MeHg production. New potential methylation habitats were identified, including invertebrate digestive tracts, thawing permafrost soils, coastal “dead zones,” soils, sediments, and extreme environments, suggesting multiple routes for MeHg entry into food webs. Several new taxonomic groups capable of methylating Hg emerged, including lineages having no cultured representatives. Phylogenetic analysis points to an evolutionary relationship between hgcA and genes encoding corrinoid iron-sulfur proteins functioning in the ancient Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway, suggesting that methanogenic Archaea may have been the first to perform these biotransformations.
Revision of the acetabular component in dysplastic hips previously reconstructed with a shelf autograft: Study of the outcome with special assessment of bone-stock changes

In this retrospective study we evaluated the proficiency of shelf autograft in the restoration of bone stock as part of primary total hip replacement (THR) for hip dysplasia, and in the results of revision arthroplasty after failure of the primary arthroplasty. Of 146 dysplastic hips treated by THR and a shelf graft, 43 were revised at an average of 156 months, 34 of which were suitable for this study (seven hips were excluded because of insufficient bone-stock data and two hips were excluded because allograft was used in the primary THR). The acetabular bone stock of the hips was assessed during revision surgery. The mean implant–bone contact was 58% (50% to 70%) at primary THR and 78% (40% to 100%) at the time of the revision, which was a significant improvement (p 30%, whereas only five (15%) had significant segmental bone defects requiring structural support at the time of revision. In 15 hips (44%) no bone graft or metal augments were used during revision. A total of 30 hips were eligible for the survival study. At a mean follow-up of 103 months (27 to 228), two aseptic and two septic failures had occurred. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the revision procedures demonstrated a ten-year survival rate of 93.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 78 to 107) with clinical or radiological failure as the endpoint. The mean Oxford hip score was 38.7 (26 to 46) for non-revised cases at final follow-up. Our results indicate that the use of shelf autografts during THR for dysplastic hips restores bone stock, contributing to the favourable survival of the revision arthroplasty should the primary procedure fail. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:777–81.
Pedagogical Personalism at Morehouse College

This essay describes a visionary philosophy of education at Morehouse College. The educational process at Morehouse, construed here as a form of pedagogical personalism, is personified in three luminaries of Morehouse College: Benjamin Elijah Mays, Howard Washington Thurman, and Martin Luther King. The educational process at Morehouse should be interpreted as an ambivalent response to segregation and discrimination in Jim Crow America. Like all black institutions in the South, Morehouse was subject to racist constraints; Morehouse was created and existed in large part due to just such constraints. I attempt to more accurately describe in order to more sensitively appreciate not only how historically black colleges and universities helped to shape the spiritual or intellectual blueprint of the civil rights movement but also how they served—and continue to serve—as ongoing experiments in democratic education. By way of conclusion, I suggest that the pedagogical personalism espoused and practiced at Morehouse College during what has been called her golden age, i.e., 1940–1967, constitutes a significant contribution to the history of higher education in America.
Vigilance: How to Do it and Who Should Do it:

The present laboratory study examined variables that are believed to impact vigilance in operational settings. First, instructions given to subjects were manipulated in order to impact their feelin...
Increased platelet catecholamine content in pheochromocytoma: a diagnostic test in patients with elevated plasma catecholamines.

Abstract Platelet catecholamine content was determined by radioenzymatic assay in 16 patients with elevated plasma norepinephrine or epinephrine or both and a clinical picture suggesting pheochromocytoma. Twenty-two normal subjects served as controls. Pheochromocytoma was documented in 10 patients, all of whom had markedly elevated platelet catecholamines. The other six patients had no tumor, and their platelet catecholamine levels were normal. Platelet catecholamines tended to return to normal more slowly than plasma catecholamines after removal of the pheochromocytoma, suggesting that platelets were rich in stored catecholamines. Determination of platelet catecholamine content is a helpful aid to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in patients with suggestive but not diagnostic elevations of the plasma catecholamine concentration. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:890–4.)
Fighting the War against Blight: Columbia University, Morningside Heights, Inc., and Counterinsurgent Urban Renewal

During the post—World War II era, Columbia University undertook a bold and comprehensive expansion and redevelopment initiative to remake their immediate surroundings. Drawing upon the language of ...
A Survey of Ash Sources for Mineral Recovery

Twenty-two ash samples from utility companies across the country were studied to determine their potential use for mineral recovery. Most tests were limited to chemical analyses and determination of leachable metal values in the ashes, but samples from two utilities were examined in more detail. The more detailed analyses included physical as well as chemical properties. This work was part of a broad-based effort supported by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), and the results from this study were used in economic assessments of mineral recovery from fly ash made by Kaiser Engineers in another part of the EPRI program. Although the compositions and properties of the ash samples varied considerably, only two of the 22 ash samples studied appeared to be unsuitable for mineral recovery. These results indicate that large portions of the ash produced in this country are suitable for potential resource recovery, but further work to evaluate potential upgrade of the leached ash residue is recommended.
Identification of occult micrometastases and isolated tumour cells within regional lymph nodes of previously diagnosed non-metastatic (stage 0) canine carcinomas

Metastatic dissemination of carcinomas to lymph nodes impacts prognosis and treatment recommendations in human and veterinary medicine. Routine histopathologic evaluation of regional lymph nodes involves haematoxylin and eosin (HE however, identification of small volume metastases (micrometastases and individual tumour cells) may be missed without the aid of immunohistochemistry or additional step-sections. The aim of this study was to identify occult carcinoma metastases in previously diagnosed non-metastatic lymph nodes using step-sections and pancytokeratin (panCK) immunohistochemistry. Samples from 20 regional lymph nodes diagnosed as non-metastatic were serially sectioned and evaluated with panCK. Of these, 25% (n = 5) contained micrometastases (n = 1) or isolated tumour cells (n = 4). This study demonstrates the increased efficacy of serial step-sections combined with panCK immunohistochemistry to identify small volume metastases in regional lymph nodes. The prognostic significance of micrometastases and isolated tumour cells in regional lymph nodes warrants further investigation in veterinary medicine.
Using abstraction for generalized planning

Given the complexity of planning, it is often beneficial to create plans that work for a wide class of problems. This facilitates reuse of existing plans for different instances of the same problem or even for other problems that are somehow similar. We present novel approaches for learning, and even finding such plans using state representation and abstraction techniques originally developed for static analysis of programs. The generalized plans that we compute include loops and work for a large class of problem scenarios having varying numbers of objects that must be manipulated to reach the goal. Our algorithm for learning generalized plans takes as its input an example plan for a certain problem instance and a finite 3-valued first-order structure representing a set of initial states from different problem instances. It learns a generalized plan along with a classification of the problem instances where it works. The algorithm for finding plans takes as input a similar 3-valued structure and a goal test. Its output is a set of generalized plans and conditions describing the problem instances for which they work.
β-human chorionic gonadotropin as a monitor of pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients

Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was studied to test its predictability of pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. The mean±standard deviation of serum hCG concentration related to the day complete clearance of exogenous hCG was derived from 47 single term pregnancies as a normal range. This range can be used to predict spontaneous abortion (77%), multiple pregnancy (60%), and abortion in multiple-sac pregnancies terminating in the birth of fewer infants than the initial number of sacs (80%). The results also showed that our stimulation protocol did not affect the clearance rate and doubling time of endogenous hCG or implantation time as suggested by the time of endogenous hCG detection and that spontaneous abortion may be due to late implantation.
THE KINETICS OF POSTREPLICATION REPAIR IN MAMMALIAN CELLS AS STUDIED BY THE ALKALINE ELUTION TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT The alkaline elution technique was used to study the kinetics of postreplication repair in Chinese hamster cells. The validity of this approach was tested by confirming several known aspects of this repair mode. Further investigations showed that the ability to synthesize normal-sized DNA at late times after exposure to ultraviolet light could not be inhibited by cycloheximide.
Synthetic agents off the darknet: a case of U-47700 and phenazepam abuse.

Sir,We read with interest the case report by A. Schneir and colleagues describing intoxication from the novel synthetic opioid U-47700.[1] In this report, a positive benzodiazepine (BZD) result on ...
Current and Emerging Uses of Statins in Clinical Therapeutics: A Review

Statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering medications that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, are commonly administered to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Statin use may expand considerably given its potential for treating an array of cholesterol-independent diseases. However, the lack of conclusive evidence supporting these emerging therapeutic uses of statins brings to the fore a number of unanswered questions including uncertainties regarding patient-to-patient variability in response to statins, the most appropriate statin to be used for the desired effect, and the efficacy of statins in treating cholesterol-independent diseases. In this review, the adverse effects, costs, and drug–drug and drug–food interactions associated with statin use are presented. Furthermore, we discuss the pleiotropic effects associated with statins with regard to the onset and progression of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, strokes, bacterial infections, and human immunodeficiency virus. Understanding these issues will improve the prognosis of patients who are administered statins and potentially expand our ability to treat a wide variety of diseases.
Behavioral phenotypes associated with MPTP induction of partial lesions in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with the core motor features of resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms also occur, and include cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, anosmia (loss of smell), and REM sleep disturbances. As the development of medications and other therapies for treatment of non-motor symptoms is ongoing, it is essential to have animal models that aid in understanding the neural changes underlying non-motor PD symptoms and serve as a testing ground for potential therapeutics. We investigated several non-motor symptoms in 10 adult male marmosets using the MPTP model, with both the full (n = 5) and partial (n = 5) MPTP dosing regimens. Baseline data in numerous domains were collected prior to dosing; assessments in these same domains occurred post-dosing for 12 weeks. Marmosets given the partial MPTP dose (designed to mimic the early stages of the disease) differed significantly from marmosets given the full MPTP dose in several ways, including behavior, olfactory discrimination, cognitive performance, and social responses. Importantly, while spontaneous recovery of PD motor symptoms has been previously reported in studies of MPTP monkeys and cats, we did not observe recovery of any non-motor symptoms. This suggests that the neurochemical mechanisms behind the non-motor symptoms of PD, which appear years before the onset of symptoms, are independent of the striatal dopaminergic transmission. We demonstrate the value of assessing a broad range of behavioral change to detect non-motor impairment, anosmia, and differences in socially appropriate responses, in the marmoset MPTP model of early PD.
Visualisieren spielend erlernen – Ein Serious Game zur Verbesserung von Managementberichten

Aktuelle Studien belegen, dass viele Managementberichte ihren eigentlichen Zweck – Klarheit in Entscheidungssituationen zu schaffen – nicht ausreichend erfullen. Eine Ursache hierfur ist die mangelhafte Aufbereitung von Informationen aufgrund der, insbesondere bei Nachwuchsfuhrungskraften, oft unzureichenden Kenntnisse bei der Informationsvisualisierung. Eine vielversprechende Moglichkeit, das Wissen zur zweckmasigen Gestaltung von Managementberichten nachhaltig zu verinnerlichen, bietet erfahrungsbasiertes Lernen mithilfe von Serious Games. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein entsprechendes prototypisches Serious Game vor. Hierbei treten Teilnehmer im sogenannten „Dashboard Tournament“ gegeneinander an, bei dem sie verschiedene Minispiele bestreiten. Jedes Minispiel adressiert eine spezifische Richtlinie aus den „International Business Communication Standards“, die auf Praxiserfahrungen sowie Erkenntnissen aus der Wissenschaft beruhen. Eine erste empirische Evaluation im Rahmen einer Lehrveranstaltung zeigt, dass das Spiel positiv aufgenommen wird und die vermittelten Richtlinien grundsatzlich erkannt werden.
Predicate Detection for Parallel Computations with Locking Constraints

The happened-before model (or the poset model) has been widely used for modeling the computations (execution traces) of parallel programs and detecting predicates (user-specified conditions). This model captures potential causality as well as locking constraints among the executed events of computations using Lamport's happened-before relation. The detection of a predicate in a computation is performed by checking if the predicate could become true in any reachable global state of the computation. In this paper, we argue that locking constraints are fundamentally different from potential causality. Hence, a poset is not an appropriate model for debugging purposes when the computations contain locking constraints. We present a model called Locking Poset, or a Loset, that generalizes the poset model for locking constraints. Just as a poset captures possibly an exponential number of total orders, a loset captures possibly an exponential number of posets. Therefore, detecting a predicate in a loset is equivalent to detecting the predicate in all corresponding posets. Since determining if a global state is reachable in a computation is a fundamental problem for detecting predicates, this paper first studies the reachability problem in the loset model. We show that the problem is NP-complete. Afterwards, we introduce a subset of reachable global states called lock-free feasible global states such that we can check whether a global state is lock-free feasible in polynomial time. Moreover, we show that lock-free feasible global states can act as "reset" points for reachability and be used to drastically reduce the time for determining the reachability of other global states. We also introduce strongly feasible global states that contain all reachable global states and show that the strong feasibility of a global state can be checked in polynomial time. We show that strong feasibility provides an effective approximation of reachability for many practical applications.
Design and Validation of a Torque-Controllable Knee Exoskeleton for Sit-to-Stand Assistance

Individuals with poststroke hemiparesis often exhibit mobility deficits, particularly during tasks requiring high lower limb torques. The sit-to-stand transition is consistently marked by asymmetrical weight-bearing between the paretic and unaffected legs. One way to improve characteristics of stroke sit-to-stand may be to provide assistive knee extension torque with a powered exoskeleton. To perform research on the biomechanical effects of assisting sit-to-stand, a unilateral powered knee exoskeleton is required, which can accurately control torque. This paper introduces a novel series elastic actuator capable of producing the full torques and speeds required for sit-to-stand (80 Nm, 3 rad/s). It utilizes a unique transmission configuration with a series fiberglass beam spring that improves torque-control and reduces output impedance. The actuator is incorporated into a unilateral orthosis and a high-level sit-to-stand controller is implemented. A small validation study with three able-bodied subjects performing sit-to-stand is presented, demonstrating the ability to appropriately provide assistance.
Introducing altmetrics to the Journal of the Medical Library Association

The Journal of the Medical Library Association’s ( JMLA’ s) website now shows a range of article-level metrics (e.g., article views, online mentions, social media attention) for each published article. This editorial explains how ”altmetrics“ may be better than traditional citations in reflecting the impact of JMLA articles on the practice of health sciences librarianship and provides tips for how to increase the impact of your articles.
Asia-Pacific Journal for Student Affairs (AJSA)

The International Association of Student Affairs and Services (IASAS) serves as a global network of student affairs and services workers that encourages sharing, cooperation, research, exchanges, and attendance at each other’s conferences. The Vice President and General Secretary of IASAS attended the 2016 Asia Pacific Student Services Association (APSSA) Conference in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Long-time colleague and past regional coordinator in Asia for IASAS, Evelyn Ariola-Songco, presented both members with a copy of the inaugural Journal of the Philippine Association of Administrators of Student Affairs (PAASA). This is the first journal in the South East Asian region and is an important first step in advancing the field.
Promoting Community Preparedness and Resilience: A Latino Immigrant Community-Driven Project Following Hurricane Sandy

As community residents and recovery workers, Latino immigrants play important roles after disasters, yet are rarely included in preparedness planning. A community-university-labor union partnership created a demonstration project after Hurricane Sandy to strengthen connections to disaster preparedness systems to increase community resilience among Latino immigrant communities in New York and New Jersey. Building ongoing ties that connect workers and community-based organizations with local disaster preparedness systems provided mutual benefits to disaster planners and local immigrant communities, and also had an impact on national disaster-related initiatives.
Heparan sulfate: Resilience factor and therapeutic target for cocaine abuse.

Substance abuse is a pressing problem with few therapeutic options. The identification of addiction resilience factors is a potential strategy to identify new mechanisms that can be targeted therapeutically. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear sulfated polysaccharide that is a component of the cell surface and extracellular matrix. Heparan sulfate modulates the activity and distribution of a set of negatively charged signaling peptides and proteins — known as the HS interactome — by acting as a co-receptor or alternative receptor for growth factors and other signaling peptides and sequestering and localizing them, among other actions. Here, we show that stimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine greatly increase HS content and sulfation levels in the lateral hypothalamus and that HS contributes to the regulation of cocaine seeking and taking. The ability of the HS-binding neuropeptide glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to increase cocaine intake was potentiated by a deletion that abolished its HS binding. The delivery of heparanase, the endo-β-D-glucuronidase that degrades HS, accelerated the acquisition of cocaine self-administration and promoted persistent responding during extinction. Altogether, these results indicate that HS is a resilience factor for cocaine abuse and a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cocaine addiction.
Intermittent hypoxia enhances survival of human neuroblastoma cells

2052 Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor that arises from the sympathetic nervous system. Neuroblastomas exhibit clinical and biological heterogeneity associated with certain genetic aberrations. Neuroblastoma tumors present hypoxic areas and metastasize to sites such as bone and bone marrow. Transient hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation are a common phenomena occurring within most solid tumors. In this study, we investigate the effects of intermittent hypoxia on neuroblastoma cells. The human neuroblastoma cells were exposed to 10 repeated cycles of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. We found that intermittent hypoxia stabilized the expression of HIF-l α in neuroblastoma cells. The intermittent hypoxia-conditioned neuroblastoma cells were more resistant than the parental cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Intermittent hypoxia also resulted in the selection of cells with resistance to cisplatin and etoposide in vitro suggesting alterations in apoptotic pathways following DNA damage signaling. To further understand the underlying mechanisms, the expression of various apoptotic genes was determined in intermittent hypoxia conditioned neuroblastoma cells. Using Western blot analyses, we demonstrated that intermittent hypoxia was accompanied by constitutive changes in the expression pattern of apoptotic genes with upregulation of antiapoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in neuroblastoma cells. Exposure to hypoxia caused an increase in expression of Bax, Bad and Bid proteins with the activation of caspase-8, 9 and PARP in parental cells but not in intermittent hypoxia-conditioned neuroblastoma cells. Increased capacities to migrate and invade were also observed in hypoxia-conditioned neuroblastoma cells. An increase in gene expression of VEGF and MMP-9 was found in intermittent hypoxia conditioned neuroblastoma cells. In summary, intermittent hypoxia leads to complex functional changes, which are associated with increased resistance toward to chemotherapy and enhanced angiogenic potential.
Reprints of Selected Measures

The following instructions are suggestions ONLY, designed to give you a sense of how the researchers have presented this questionnaire in the past. It is anticipated that teachers will present the questionnaire in a manner they feel is appropriate for their own unique classroom situation.
Do I Need an IRB?: Computer Science Education Research and Institutional Review Board (IRB) (Abstract Only)

The importance of rigorous standards in computer science education research to include a description of hypotheses, research questions, methodologies, and results has been recognized in the computer science education community. The driving force for computer science education research is to understand the learning needs of our students who are human subjects. Therefore, some computer science education researchers may need to answer a critical question before they start their planned research: Do I need Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval to conduct this research using my students as research subjects? The key goal of the IRB is to protect human subjects from physical or psychological harm ("Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Public Welfare, Part 46, Protection of Human Subjects"). Although commonly used in the fields of health and social sciences, the role and purpose of IRB, the different categories of IRB reviews, the timeline from planning and submission of an IRB application, and the general rules for citing IRB in publications and grant proposals are not widely understood in the computer science education research community. In this poster, the authors describe the history, the purpose, review categories, and guidelines for reporting on the IRB. The authors will tailor the discussions on the different IRB review categories to computer science educators interested in conducting computer science education research with their students.
Proximal Tibial Epiphyseal Fracture in a Newborn Following Cesarean Section: A Case Report

Traumatic separation of the epiphyses of the long bones during childbirth is an unusual but well-described complication of delivery1,2. Knowledge of these injuries is essential because their diagnoses can be complicated by the clinical challenges inherent to examining newborns, and interpreting radiographs of neonates can be difficult. Epiphyseal separations, which often present as subtle changes on radiographs, can be easily overlooked3. Although perinatal transphyseal injuries usually involve the distal part of the humerus, there are also a number of described incidences of proximal humeral and distal femoral epiphyseal injuries1,2,4,5. Transphyseal fractures of the proximal part of the tibia during childbirth, however, are exceptionally rare injuries. Fractures to the proximal tibial epiphysis, in general, are one of the least common fracture types in children. A review by Mann and Rajmaira of 2650 long bone fractures in children found only fifteen physeal separations of the proximal part of the tibia6. A review of the literature to date yields only one reported instance of a fracture of the proximal part of the tibia resulting from birth trauma, which was sustained during breech delivery7. We report the presentation and subsequent treatment of a physeal separation injury in the proximal part of the tibia in a neonate following delivery by cesarean section. The patient’s mother was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she provided consent. A thirty-four-year-old primipara was admitted to the hospital for delivery. The birth was complicated by a failure to progress after the membranes had been ruptured for twenty-four hours. Four attempts at vacuum assistance were made prior to performing an emergency cesarean section. The infant was floppy at delivery, with an Apgar score of 1 of 9. …
Nanoparticles with Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances

This chapter highlights representative research accomplishments in the area of fundamental and applied studies of the tunable LSPR. Specific applications in the Van Duyne laboratory include exploitation of the LSPR as a signal transduction mechanism for sensing applications and optimization of SERS signals. The optical properties of metallic nanostructures will find future application in the areas of dichroic filters, plasmonic waveguides, data storage, biological labels and sensors. Commercialization of nanoparticle devices relies on better understanding of the electromagnetic interaction between nanoparticles as well as the development of techniques that will preserve nanoparticle optical activity in adverse environments.
A View on A. J. Greimas’s Essay “The Semiotic Analysis of a Legal Discourse: Commercial Laws That Govern Companies and Groups of Companies”

Greimas’s essay is semiotics at its best, situated between a politically and philosophically static approach which is too often rather conservative, and a full-fledged dynamic profile which criticizes the foundations of (corporate) law from a semiotic viewpoint and puts the legal use of the concepts ‘person’ or ‘subject’ in perspective. As a consequence, the major focus is on law and legal practices rather than on semiotic theories or Peircean/Saussurean philosophy. Subject is the law regulating commercial companies (French Law 1966) and the idea of trying to determine the semiotic status of a “group of companies.”
Nonunion Rates Among Ulnar-Shortening Osteotomy for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to systematically review all available literature reporting nonunion rates of ulnar-shortening osteotomies (USO) used for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) and to compare those rates among transverse versus oblique cuts for the osteotomy. Methods Electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies that evaluated outcomes of both transverse and oblique USO for UIS. Level of evidence was determined by 2 independent reviewers. Studies were screened based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. A total of 37 studies (1,423 patients) were included in final analysis. The average rate of nonunion and delayed union for each group (transverse and oblique osteotomy) was calculated. Results The average rate of nonunion among all osteotomies was 4.0%. The average rate of nonunion was 4.16% and 3.86% in transverse osteotomies and oblique osteotomies, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. The average rate of delayed union, in those studies that reported delayed union, was 5.7%. The average rate of delayed union was 7.41% and 4.1% in transverse osteotomies and oblique osteotomies, respectively. Conclusions Based on our review of the literature, there is no difference in the rate of nonunion between transverse and oblique osteotomies. Therefore, the decision of which of the 2 surgical techniques should not be based on rate of nonunion. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
La Fueguía Antártica de Enrique Delachaux ¿Puente o barrera geográfica Austral?

Enrique Augusto Samuel Delachaux is one of the few South American geographers who dealt -he wrote- of Antarctica in the early twentieth century. Antarctica was a contribution of the volume of tribute of the Argentine Geographic Institute in 1904 to the expeditionaries of the corvette Uruguay who rescued the Swedish castaways led by Otto Nordenskjold and the Argentine Antarctic hero Jose Maria Sobral. In this study Delachaux exposes four fundamental questions, namely: the importance of expeditions to Antarctica, the similarity between Tierra del Fuego and the Antarctic Peninsula, the orographic chaining in the southern seas and that the Antarctic is a continent and not a sea with polar lands.
Stress Sensitivity of Micromachined AT-Cut Quartz Resonators Characterized Using Magnetostrictive Metglas Films

In this paper, stress sensitivity of micromachined A T -cut quartz cantilevers has been characterized by integrating micromachined AT-cut quartz cantilever-resonators with a magnetostrictive Metglas® 2605SAl thin film. The magnetostrictive material's properties were characterized by quantifying the dss-coefficient of the deposited films by the measurement of the out-of-plane deflection of the micro machined Metglas®-quartz unimorph cantilevers, using a laser Doppler vibrometer, as a function of applied magnetic field. The impedance characteristics at the bulk acoustic wave resonance of the quartz cantilever-resonator as a function of the applied magnetic field has also been characterized independently. Through these two measurements, quartz cantilever-resonators can be deduced to exhibit a sensitivity of ~ 6.4 Hz/kPa of the film stress.
Emotional regulation neural circuitry abnormalities in adult bipolar disorder: dissociating effects of long-term depression history from relationships with present symptoms.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is common and debilitating and confounding effects of depression history on neural activity in BD are unknown. We aimed to dissociate neural activity reflecting past depression-load vs. present symptom severity using the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY), a prospective longitudinal cohort study of pediatric-onset BD. In n = 54 COBY (18-32 years), we modeled depression scores over time (up to 17.5 years) using a standardized autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, followed by k-means cluster analysis. N = 36 healthy participants (HC, 20-36 years) were included. Using two factorial analyses, we parsed the impact of ARMA-defined past depression-load on neural activity from the impact of current symptoms on neural activity (p 30) and examined relationships with past and present symptoms (ps FDR-corrected). ARMA identified three COBY groups based on past depression-load. ARMA-defined COBY participants with the greatest past depression-load vs. other groups showed greater activity in right temporoparietal junction, thalamus, insula, premotor cortex, left fusiform gyrus, bilateral precuneus and cerebellum. In contrast, BD-COBY participants vs. HC showed greater activity in left hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right somatosensory cortex, plus the above thalamus, premotor cortex and cerebellum; activity positively correlated with present symptom severity in most regions. Past depression-load was related to social cognition and salience perception network activity, potentially reflecting heightened attention to socially relevant distracters, while present symptoms were associated with emotion processing and reappraisal network activity, potentially reflecting abnormal emotional experience and regulation. Differentiating aberrant neural activity related to long-term depression vs. present affective symptoms can help target interventions to networks associated with pathophysiological processes, rather than long-term illness effects.
Service Lessons During COVID-19: The Case of Food Trucks

COVID-19 has fundamentally altered our dining experiences as consumers, given the increased uncertainty and risks associated with dining out and, in the process, exposing ourselves to others and potentially to COVID-19. These changes have sharply limited the extent to which consumers are able and willing to continue to have social dining experiences. In this chapter, we explore how the food truck business model can help overcome these uncertainties and enable consumers to have positive, meaningful, and social dining experiences despite these changes. Drawing on a case study approach, we look at the activities of three food trucks and the associated consumer responses over the initial course of the pandemic, thereby illuminating different practices that these businesses enacted in response to the rapidly changing circumstances. Specifically, we highlight practices that appear to help these food trucks build authenticity and rapport in service encounters with their customers, enable customers to structure some stable routines while also allowing for improvisation in terms of the servicescape, and foster a sense of solidarity among various members of the larger business and non-business communities that comprise this service ecosystem. The insights provided in this chapter, thus, can inform how businesses, when trying to weather crises, can establish more robust interactions with their customers, structure the social elements of the environments which frame these interactions, and maximize the mutual support linked to various stakeholders that comprise the overall system in which these businesses operate.
Who do the people want to govern

Relative to the well-developed theory and extensive survey batteries on people’s preferences for substantive policy solutions, scholarly understanding of people’s preferences for the mechanisms by ...
Zoonotic Transmission and Host Switches of Malaria Parasites

Malaria is a deadly disease that affects the health of hundreds of millions of people annually. Five Plasmodium parasite species naturally infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi. These parasites can also infect various non-human primates. Parasites mainly infecting monkeys, such as Plasmodium cynomolgi and P. knowlesi, the latter of which was considered to be a monkey parasite for years, can also be transmitted to human hosts. Recently, many new Plasmodium species have been discovered in African apes, some of which may be transmitted to humans in the future. Here, we searched PubMed and the internet via Google and selected articles on the zoonotic transmission and evolution of selected malaria parasite species. We review current advances in the relevant topics, emphasizing the transmission of malaria parasites between humans and non-human primates. We also briefly discuss the transmission of some avian malaria parasites between wild birds and domestic fowls. Zoonotic malaria transmission is widespread, thus posing a threat to public health. More studies on parasite species, including their identification in non-human primates, transmission, and evolution, are needed to decrease or prevent the transmission of malaria parasites from non-human primates to humans.
Morning Drinking During COVID-19 Lockdowns

Abstract In a recent article, we reported that hazardous alcohol use and likely dependence had increased during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for those under lockdown. Follow-up analysis revealed that morning drinking increased significantly for those under lockdowns, but only for individuals who reported gainful employment. Findings suggest that individuals who had jobs but found themselves unable to leave home due to lockdown/stay-at-home orders were more likely to have a drink first thing in the morning as the pandemic progressed. Morning drinking during pandemic lockdowns may contribute to increased health, occupational, and social problems.
The Disease Ontology: fostering interoperability between biological and clinical human disease-related data

The Disease Ontology (DO) enables cross-domain data integration through a common standard of human disease terms and their etiological descriptions. Standardized disease descriptors that are integrated across mammalian genomic resources provide a human-readable, machine-interpretable, community-driven disease corpus that unifies the representation of human common and rare diseases. The DO is populated by consensus-driven disease data descriptors that incorporate disease terms utilized by genomic and genetic projects and resources engaged in studies to understand the genetics of human disease through the study of model organisms. The DO project serves multiple roles for the model organism community by providing: (1) a structured “backbone” of disease concepts represented among the model organism databases; (2) authoritative disease curation services to researchers and resource providers; and (3) development of subsets of the DO representative of human diseases annotated to animal models curated within the model organism databases.
Lyons, Sherrie Lynne: Species, Serpents, Spirits, and Skulls: Science at the Margins in the Victorian Age

Sherrie Lyons is Assistant Professor at the Center for Distance Learning of Empire State College, State University of New York and the author of Thomas Henry Huxley: The Evolution of a Scientist. How to distinguish science from pseudoscience is an important question that continues to challenge academics and the lay public and this book provides us with an interesting look at examples of ‘‘science at the margins’’ from the nineteenth century. Lyons notes in the Preface: ‘‘...most people are woefully ignorant of what distinguishes science from other types of knowledge and they lack any sense of the historical development of scientific ideas.’’ She goes onto say: ‘‘Often yesterday’s heresy is today’s science (and conversely today’s pseudoscience is yesterday’s science).’’ (p. xi) The examples of pseudoscience, or ‘‘marginal’’ science using the term she prefers, that Lyons uses are sea serpents, spiritualism, and phrenology, and these are compared with Darwin’s theory of evolution of species. Each of the three marginal science topics attracted widespread attention among the lay public and even among some scientists, but they remained at the margins of scientific respectability, unlike evolutionary theory which eventually became the unifying theory for all of biology. In just over 200 pages the reader is presented with historical facts from the Victorian Age of the nineteenth century and arguments that are used to show the complex relationship between science and society. Lyons suggests the Victorian period should be called the age of ‘‘contradictions’’ rather than the age of science because so many people in Victorian society were convinced of the reality of spiritual phenomena while at the same time hoping that science would transform society into a better place. Mixing the supernatural world of spirits with the material world of science was apparently quite easy for most lay people and some scientists as well. We see this in the modern age in the U.S. where a large majority of people say they respect and value science while at the same time claiming belief in the supernatural world of religion.