cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxia: Observation of Clinical Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin (P03.269)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate response to immune modulating treatment such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in autoimmune-mediated cerebellar ataxia. Assessment of clinical response to treatment with combined neurological examination and neurophysiological tests such as video nystagmography (VNG). BACKGROUND: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used in treating many autoimmune-mediated neurological disorders. However, there are no current guidelines for clinical use of IVIG in treating cerebellar ataxia and the reported clinical response is varied. DESIGN/METHODS: A clinical observation of response to IVIG therapy in an adult patient with progressive cerebellar ataxia assumed to be autoimmune-related due to the presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Combined follow-up neurological examinations and VNG tests were used to monitor the disease and response to treatment. RESULTS: A 57-year old woman presented with progressive dysartria, down-beating nystagmus, diplopia, hyporeflexia, dysmetria, and gait ataxia. She was diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia and underwent extensive investigations for possible causes. Brain MRI was normal. Imaging studies for underlying malignancy were negative. Laboratory tests for nutritional deficiencies, neurodegenerative diseases, paraneoplastic syndromes, infectious, and hereditary disorders were unremarkable except elevated myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid, elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titer. Autoimmune-mediated cerebellar pathology was suspected. Initial VNG revealed constant down-beating nystagmus and other findings of markedly impaired oculomotor control. Periodic IVIG treatments yielded consistent clinical improvement in symptoms and cerebellar signs, as noted in physical examinations and repeat VNG. CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune-mediated cerebellar ataxia may be related to thyroid disease in the presence of autoantibodies. Immune-modulating treatments such as IVIG can be effective. VNG appears to be valuable in assessing clinical response to IVIG therapy in conjunction with routine physical examination. Disclosure: Dr. Herial has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rashid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Li has nothing to disclose.
A Stress Path Model for Collapsible Loess

Stress paths were determined for loess in situ at two sites, from overburden pressures and from lateral stresses measured with the Ko Stepped Blade. Ko is as low as 0.1 to 0.3, compared with 0.4 to 0.5 for a normally consolidated silt soil. The Ko values are consistent with compression of a laterally confined solid having a low Poisson’s ratio.
On The Mechanism of Energy Coupling in Cytochrome Oxidase

Highly purified cytochrome oxidase from beef heart mitochondria without any supplementation catalyzes the coupling of the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by O2 to the transport of monovalent or divalent cations (Green et al., 1980; Fry and Green, 1980a). This finding established that cytochrome oxidase was a complete energy-coupling system and that coupling took only one form—the coupling of electron transfer to cation transport. Cytochrome oxidase was ideally suited to probe the mechanism of energy coupling. The components and structure of the electron transfer chain were well defined, the subunit structure of the complex was firmly established, the stoichiometry of the oxidative reaction (oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by O2) was known, the assay of cytochrome oxidase activity was sufficiently selective that it was possible to measure this activity as readily in mitochondria as in dispersions of the purified oxidase, and finally and most importantly ion transport is the least complicated expression of a coupled process.
The biology of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, off the Florida east coast and the Bahama Islands

The nurse shark is an extremely abundant shallow water species in Florida and the Caribbean, yet its biology is poorly known. Moreover, there is a great deal of misinformation about it in the literature. The maximum size and weight attained by the nurse shark have often been exaggerated. None of the specimens measured in this study exceeded 265 cm TL and 114.5 kg, and none of the specimens actually measured by other researchers exceeded 280 cm. Females reach maturity at a length of 223–231 cm, or at 86% of their maximum size. Males reach maturity between 214 and 214.6 cm in length or at about 83% of their maximum size. Mating primarily occurs from mid-June to early July. The embryos are enclosed in sturdy egg capsules for the first 12–14 weeks of gestation. In a gravid female, the embryos are at different stages of development during the first four months of gestation. Embryos are lecithotrophic and there is no evidence of any supplemental mode of embryonic nourishment. Embryos measure 28–30.5 cm at birth. The gestation period is estimated at about five to six months. Brood sizes are large, ranging from 21 to 50 young, with a median of 34 young. The reproductive cycle of the nurse shark consists of a five to six-month gestation period and a two-year ovarian cycle. Thus, the reproductive cycle is biennial and a female produces a brood every two years. The nurse shark is an opportunistic predator that consumes a wide range of small fishes, primarily grunts (Haemulidae).
Representative agricultural pathways, climate change, and agricultural land uses: an application to the Pacific Northwest of the USA

This paper investigates climate change adaptation through agricultural land uses under three regional representative agricultural pathways, using data from the Pacific Northwest of the United States of America. The three pathways are bottom-up projections of local biophysical and socioeconomic conditions, and they are consistent to downscaled regional climate scenarios. Results show that changes in agricultural land uses under future climate change and representative agricultural pathways are substantially different, compared with results not considering representative agricultural pathways. This finding suggests that climate change impacts and adaptation may be underestimated or overestimated if future biophysical and socioeconomic developments are not incorporated, particularly in regional agricultural assessments of climate change adaptation. One implication from this analysis for global adaptation strategies is the need for future infrastructure supports to maintain a climate-resilient agricultural production system due to changes in agricultural land uses.
Lactose oxidase: A novel activator of the lactoperoxidase system in milk for improved shelf life

The lactoperoxidase system (LS), an antimicrobial system naturally present in milk that is activated by H2O2, has been used to inhibit microbial outgrowth in raw milk in areas where refrigeration is not viable. This study evaluated lactose oxidase (LO) as a novel activator of the LS. Lactose oxidase oxidizes lactose and produces H2O2 needed for the activation of the LS. The antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of LO with and without components of the LS, thiocyanate (TCN) and lactoperoxidase (LP), was evaluated in model systems and then applied in pasteurized milk and raw milk. In general, an increase in LO caused greater reductions of Pseudomonas fragi in the model systems and treatments were more effective at 6°C than at 21°C. At 6°C, the LO solution at 0.12 and 1.2 g/L showed significantly higher microbial reduction than the control when both added alone and combined with LS components. At 21°C, treatments with 1.2 g/L of LO solution achieved a reduction of >2.93 log cfu/mL in 24 h, but at lower levels there was not a significant reduction from the control. Higher concentrations of TCN led to a greater P. fragi reduction at both temperatures when LO was added alone but not when combined with LP. In pasteurized milk, the LO solution at 0.12 g/L caused a reduction of approximately 1.4 log of P. fragi within 24 h when added alone and a reduction of approximately 2.7 log when combined with LP and TCN. Bacterial counts remained at significantly lower levels than the control during storage, and the TCN-supplemented milk exhibited an approximately 6-log difference from the control by d 7. In raw milk, the total bacterial growth curve showed a longer lag phase when the LS was activated by LO (11.3 ± 1.4 h) compared with the control (4.0 ± 1.0 h), but it was not different from the recommended method (9.4 ± 1.0 h). However, the total bacterial count after 24 h for the sample treated with LO and TCN (5.3 log cfu/mL) was significantly lower compared with the control (7.2 log cfu/mL) and the recommended method (6.1 log cfu/mL). Results from this study suggest that LO is an alternative source of H2O2 that enhances the microbial inhibition achieved by the LS. Lactose oxidase could be used to develop enzyme-based preservation technologies for applications where cold chain access is limited. This enzymatic approach to improving the shelf life of dairy products also represents a novel option for clean label spoilage control.
Dual-Path Component Based Digital Receiver Linearization With a Very Non-linear Auxiliary Path

This work introduces a digital adaptive approach for the cancellation of harmonic distortion and inter-modulation products present in any receiver architecture. Principally, the low-noise amplifier (LNA), that is the first block on the receiver chain, must tolerate interference and guarantee high sensitivity. Linearization techniques must tackle several challenges such as adding minimum power consumption, preserving noise figure, and maintaining high matching and gain. In this article, a digital dual-path component based linearization technique will be introduced. The linearization is implemented by adding a nonlinear auxiliary path along with two constant coefficients used to cancel out the third order nonlinearities from the main path. Interestingly and unlike similar two path linearization techniques, the idea proposed in this paper requires a more non-linear auxiliary path, effectively relaxing the specifications to design the second path.
Abstract 203: Glyoxalase 1 Overexpression on Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing

Introduction: Vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) represent the repair and regenerative potential of vasculature. VPC function has been found severely impaired in diabetes with mechanisms not fully un...
Impact of employees' job, organizational and technology fit on engagement and organizational citizenship behavior.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three person-environment (PE) fit dimensions (i.e. person-job, person-organizational and person-technology [PT] fit) on employees’ engagement and service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dimensions (i.e. loyalty, service delivery and participation).,Both online and on-site surveys were used to collect data from customer-contact employees working at a resort-style hotel in the USA. A total of 290 complete responses were collected, and the results were analyzed using a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.,The results revealed that the three PE fit dimensions positively influenced employee engagement. The results also showed that the three PE fit dimensions had significant indirect effects on the three OCB dimensions via engagement, except for the relationship between PT fit and participation. PT fit only had a significant direct effect on participation.,This study contributes to the current PE fit, engagement and OCB literature by adding PT fit and testing the effects of the three PE fit dimensions on service-oriented OCB via engagement. This study recommends that hospitality companies develop strategies and tactics to improve their employees’ PE fit and engagement because they are the key determinants of service-oriented OCB.,本论文旨在检验三种人-环境（PE）合适度维度（即人-工作 人-组织 人-科技）对员工参与和以服务为本的组织公民行为（OCB）维度（如忠诚度 服务传递 和参与）的影响。,研究采样通过线上和线下问卷, 样本包括与顾客接触的在美国度假村式酒店工作的员工。样本数量为290份。研究分析方法包括验证性分子分析和结构方程模型。,研究结果表明三种 PE 合适度维度对员工参与有积极影响。研究结果还表明三种PE合适度维度通过员工参与变量对三种 OCB 的维度有显著影响, 除了 PT 与参与之间的关系外。PT 合适度只对参与有显著直接影响。,本论文对目前有关PE合适度 员工参与 和OCB文献有着显著贡献, 其增添了PT合适度, 还检验了三种PE合适度维度对服务为本OCB通过员工参与变量的间接影响。本论文推荐酒店业相关企业应该制定政策和方针来提高员工PE合适度, 因为 PE 合适度是服务为本OCB变量的关键维度。,关键词：人-环境合适度 人-工作合适度, 人-组织合适度 人-科技合适度 员工参与 以服务为本的组织公民行为（OCB）,研究论文
Infectious Complications of Expanded Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 100 Cases.

Objective To identify perioperative factors that may predict postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and meningitis following expanded endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS). Study Design This is a retrospective study. This study was set at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles. A total of 78 patients who underwent EETS between January 2007 and November 2018 were participated. The main outcome measures were CSF leak and meningitis. Results A total of 78 patients underwent a total of 100 EETS procedures; 17.9 and 10.3% of patients developed postoperative CSF leaks and meningitis, respectively. Out of eight, three patients with meningitis did not develop an observable CSF leak. The risk of developing meningitis in patients with a CSF leak was significantly higher than those without a leak, with an odds ratio (OR) of 11.48 (95% confidence interval, 2.33–56.47; p = 0.004). Pituicytomas were significantly associated with meningitis compared with other pathologies. No other patient-specific factors were identified as risks for leak or meningitis, including method of skull base repair, sex, tumor volume, or body mass index, although there was a strong trend toward reduced CSF leak rates in patient with nasoseptal flaps used for skull base repair, compared with those without (9.5 vs. 25%). CSF protein was consistently elevated on the first CSF values obtained when meningitis was suspected. Conclusion CSF leak and meningitis are common complications of expanded endonasal surgery No statistically significant risk factors for developing a postoperative leak other than the pathology of pituicytoma were identified, including method of skull base repair, although the use of a vascularized nasoseptal flap did trend toward a reduced CSF leak rate. CSF protein is the most sensitive marker for the presumptive diagnosis and timely treatment of meningitis.
Dynamic Bridging Modeling for Coarse Grained Simulations of Shock Driven Turbulent Mixing

Abstract We focus on simulating the consequences of material interpenetration and mixing arising from perturbations at shocked material interfaces, as vorticity is introduced by the impulsive loading of shock waves, e.g., as in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) capsule implosions. The flow physics is driven by flow instabilities such as Richtmyer-Meshkov, Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor, and vortex stretching; it is capturable with both, classical large-eddy simulation (LES) and implicit LES (ILES) – where small-scale flow dynamics is presumed enslaved to the dynamics of the largest scales. Beyond the complex multiscale resolution issues of shocks and variable density turbulence, we must address the difficult problem of predicting flow transitions promoted by energy deposited at the material interfacial layers during the shock interface interactions. Transition involves unsteady large-scale coherent-structure dynamics resolvable by the coarse grained simulation but not by Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling based on equilibrium turbulence assumptions and single-point-closures. We describe a dynamic blended hybrid RANS/LES bridging strategy for applications involving variable-density turbulent mixing applications. We report progress testing implementation of our proposed computational paradigm for relevant canonical problems, in the context of LANL’s xRAGE Eulerian hydrodynamics and BHR unsteady RANS code. Proof-of-concept cases include the Taylor-Green vortex – prototyping transition to turbulence, and a shock tube experiment – prototyping shock-driven turbulent mixing.
Diagnostic Value of Anthropometric Measurements for Familial Partial Lipodystrophy, Dunnigan Variety.

Context Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety (FPLD2) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder resulting from LMNA causal variants, which is characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities and predisposition to metabolic complications. The diagnostic value of various anthropometric measurements for FPLD2 remains unknown. Objective To determine specificity and sensitivity of anthropometric measurements for the diagnosis of FPLD2. Methods We measured skinfold thickness and regional body fat by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 50 adult females and 6 males with FPLD2 at UT Southwestern and compared their data with the sex- and age-matched controls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. We further compared data from 1652 unaffected females from the Dallas Heart Study and 23 females with FPLD2 from the National Institutes of Health with the NHANES data. Results The DXA-derived lower limb fat (%) had the best specificity (0.995) and sensitivity (1.0) compared with the upper limb fat, truncal fat, the ratio of lower limb to truncal fat, and triceps skinfold thickness for adult females with FPLD2. The lower limb fat below 1st percentile of NHANES females had a false-positive rate of 0.0054 and a false negative rate of 0. The diagnostic value of anthropometric parameters could not be determined for males with FPLD2 due to small sample size. Conclusions The lower limb fat (%) is the best objective anthropometric measure for diagnosing FPLD2 in females. Women with below the 1st percentile lower limb fat should undergo genetic testing for FPLD2, especially if they have metabolic complications.
Good-for-nothing (no. 1)

The screen's nature is to both show and to obscure. It forever hypnotizes us, seamlessly eliminating its own qualities as a substrate. It owns the characteristics of a Zelig: forever changing, unstable in any context, and destabilizing context itself. Informed by photography, film, and every meme that ever was, the digital image shifts readily between aspects of each. Its meaning is necessarily slippery and hard to define; possessing a quality that makes it hard to pin down or make fit into a neat category. Given this slipperiness, can we ever grasp the basic, tectonic components of the digital image? The bits and pixels of the screen do little to help our visual understanding of its relationship to one's perspective in everyday life. The seductive illusions and concomitant complexities of our online experiences have enabled an entirely new trompe l'oeil hell of phishing attacks, spoofs, and cross-domain tomfoolery. Digital images, precisely because of their ambivalence towards the picture plane, forever slip from our grasp. Only as Flusser's metaphorical wind blows them from our mental, perceptual grasp do they reveal aspects of their construction. Rather than fight against this liminal quality, we exploit it. Good-for-nothings celebrate the disappearance of materiality; albeit, through lack, dejection, and an embrace of the absence that seems to have brought much of our culture to a standstill. Forever shifting, always shiftless, on an endless joyride from nowhere to anywhere. How does one go about working with this shiftlessness? Each Good-for-nothing raises its metaphorical glass to Herman Melville's creme de la creme good-for-nothing anti-hero, Bartleby. They are images aligned with a scrivener of the post-modern age that can only tell us: 'I prefer not to'.
Multipass SAR Processing for Radar Depth Sounder Clutter Suppression, Tomographic Processing, and Displacement Measurements

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DIn-SAR) processing techniques applied to ice penetrating radar enable precise measurement of the vertical displacement of englacial layers within an ice sheet. This technique has primarily been applied using ground based ice-penetrating radar due to the ability to achieve a near-zero spatial baseline. We investigate this technique on data from the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS), an airborne ice penetrating radar, and produce initial results from a high accumulation region near Camp Century in northwest Greenland. We estimate the vertical displacement by compensating for the spatial baseline using precise trajectory information and estimates of the cross-track layer slope from direction of arrival analysis. The measurement accuracy is still being investigated.
Effective Leakage Current Reduction in GaN Ultraviolet Avalanche Photodiodes With an Ion-Implantation Isolation Method

We report high-performance homojunction GaN avalanche photodiodes (APDs) grown on a low-defect GaN substrate and fabricated with an ion-implantation isolation method. High-quality p-i-n GaN layers were grown using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and an effective device isolation method using optimized nitrogen ion implantation was developed to provide significant leakage current suppression on the etched mesa sidewalls. Fabricated GaN APDs showed an ultralow dark current density 106 at a reverse bias of 71.5 V under deep-ultraviolet (DUV) illumination at $\lambda =280$ nm. A further temperature-dependent study of the dark current indicated that a trap-assisted tunneling process predominates the leakage current component that also contributes to the carrier multiplication process near the avalanching breakdown.
Toxic Public Goods

Everybody loves public goods. After all, they are a perpetual utility machine. Obviously, we want as many of them as possible. But what if the consumption of a public good actually decreases net social welfare? I refer to this kind of public good as a "toxic public good." I discuss three kinds of potential toxic public goods: trolling, pornography, and ideology. And I reflect on how we might make the production of toxic public goods more efficient.
Biallelic editing of the LOB1 promoter via CRISPR/Cas9 creates canker-resistant ‘Duncan’ grapefruit

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most devastating citrus diseases worldwide. Generating disease-resistant citrus varieties is considered one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly measures for controlling canker. Xcc causes canker symptoms by inducing the expression of canker susceptibility gene LOB1 via PthA4, a transcription activator-like (TAL) effector, by binding to the effector binding element (EBE) in the promoter region. In previous studies, canker-resistant plants were generated by mutating the coding region or the EBE of LOB1. However, homozygous or biallelic canker-resistant plants have not been generated for commercial citrus varieties, such as grapefruit (C. paradisi), which usually contain two alleles of LOB1 and thus have two types of LOB1 promoter sequences: TI LOBP and TII LOBP. Two different sgRNAs were used to target both EBE types. Both 35S promoter and Yao promoter were used to drive the expression of SpCas9p to modify EBEPthA4-LOBP in grapefruit. Using 'Duncan' grapefruit epicotyls as explants, 19 genome-edited grapefruit plants were generated with one biallelic mutant line (#DunYao7). Xcc caused canker symptoms on wild-type and non-biallelic mutant plants but not on #DunYao7. XccPthA4 mutant containing the designer TAL effector dLOB1.5, which recognizes a conserved sequence in both wild-type and #DunYao7, caused canker symptoms on both wild-type and #DunYao7. No off-target mutations were detected in #DunYao7. This study represents the first time that CRISPR-mediated genome editing has been successfully used to generate disease-resistant plants for 'Duncan' grapefruit, paving the way for utilizing disease-resistant varieties to control canker.
Multi-objective Asynchronous Successive Halving.

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is increasingly used to automatically tune the predictive performance (e.g., accuracy) of machine learning models. However, in a plethora of real-world applications, accuracy is only one of the multiple -- often conflicting -- performance criteria, necessitating the adoption of a multi-objective (MO) perspective. While the literature on MO optimization is rich, few prior studies have focused on HPO. In this paper, we propose algorithms that extend asynchronous successive halving (ASHA) to the MO setting. Considering multiple evaluation metrics, we assess the performance of these methods on three real world tasks: (i) Neural architecture search, (ii) algorithmic fairness and (iii) language model optimization. Our empirical analysis shows that MO ASHA enables to perform MO HPO at scale. Further, we observe that that taking the entire Pareto front into account for candidate selection consistently outperforms multi-fidelity HPO based on MO scalarization in terms of wall-clock time. Our algorithms (to be open-sourced) establish new baselines for future research in the area.
Image-Guided Transvaginal and Transabdominal Drain Placement for Surgical Navigation in a Patient with Tubo-Ovarian Abscess and Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly Syndrome.

ABSTRACT Background We describe a minimally invasive, image-guided technique for obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome complicated by tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Case A 15-year-old female adolescent with OHVIRA syndrome presented with TOA. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen/pelvis showed a loculated pelvic mass and fluid collection near the obstructed left hemivagina. Tissue quality and ill-defined surgical planes prevented surgical excision. A transabdominal drain was placed via laparoscopic port by Interventional Radiology. She later underwent transvaginal and transabdominal drain placement into the hemivaginal collection using computed tomography and ultrasound guidance, allowing for surgical excision of the vaginal septum, drainage and excision of the TOA, and neosalpingostomy. Summary and Conclusion Because of the anatomic complexity in OHVIRA syndrome, preoperative minimally invasive techniques with Interventional Radiology collaboration can assist intraoperative anatomic navigation for successful surgical treatment.
Semiempirical SCF theory with “scaled” slater orbitals

A self consistent quantum mechanical treatment of atomic structures is presented. The method which is suitable for molecular calculations involves the optimization (scaling) of exponents of a minimal basis set of Slater orbitals and accounts semiempirically for electron correlation.
Free and unfree labor in Qing China: Emigration and escape among the bannermen of northeast China, 1789–1909

Though internal migration in China during the Qing era (1644–1911) was mostly unrestricted, the government tightly controlled the movement of peasants who worked state lands in frontier regions and certain other locations. Such peasants accounted for 5–10% of China's population. In the state farms of northeast China, households could move legally only from one place to another within the system. Departure from the system was illegal. In this article, one of the first quantitative studies of migration in late imperial China, we apply discrete-time event-history methods to longitudinal, nominative household register data from six northeast Chinese state farm systems to compare how characteristics of the farm system, village, and household influenced the chances of legal moves and illegal departures. We show that among these state peasants, who were supposedly “unfree,” migration was not uncommon. We also show that the determinants of legal and illegal migration differed substantially. We conclude with a dis...
Approximate signal processing using incremental refinement and deadline-based algorithms

A framework for approximate signal processing is introduced which can be used to design novel classes of algorithms for performing DFT and STFT calculations. In particular, we focus on the derivation of multi-stage incremental refinement algorithms that meet a variety of design criteria on the tradeoff achieved at each stage between solution quality and computational cost.
RNA interference: listening to the sound of silence

The term RNA interference (RNAi) describes the use of double-stranded RNA to target specific mRNAs for degradation, thereby silencing their expression. RNAi is one manifestation of a broad class of RNA silencing phenomena that are found in plants, animals and fungi. The discovery of RNAi has changed our understanding of how cells guard their genomes, led to the development of new strategies for blocking gene function, and may yet yield RNA-based drugs to treat human disease.
Leucine and the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion.

Abstract The intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion is mediated by the putative hormone entero-oxyntin. The release of the hormone has been demonstrated in both dog and rat models during an intestinal meal of liver extract. The maximal gastric acid response to pentagastrin is augmented by the presence of liver extract in the intestine; this phenomenon serves as a bioassay for entero-oxyntin. We tested the hypothesis that one or more amino acids in liver extract causes the release and/or action of entero-oxyntin. Anesthetized rats, prepared with bilateral cervical vagotomies, received jejunal perfusion of mannitol (control), liver extract, or an amino acid. Intravenous pentagastrin was administered simultaneously at a dose known to produce maximal gastric acid output in rats. Our results show that of the amino acids tested, only leucine produced a significant augmentation of maximal pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion when compared with controls.
Equity in Mathematics Assessment

We, as teachers and educators, believe that every student has their own learning style. NCTM (2000) states, “Equity does not mean that every student should receive identical instruction; instead, it demands that reasonable and appropriate accommodations be made as needed to promote access and attainment for all students” (p. 12). Teachers often prepare differentiated instruction, but do not prepare differentiated assessment. Not all students show their understanding of mathematics in the same way. This paper discusses equity in mathematics assessment, which means how teachers promote equity in classrooms with various assessments. This paper also provides ideas and examples for assessments in mathematics.
Resolvin E1 Metabolome in Local Inactivation during Inflammation-Resolution

Resolvin E1 (RvE1; 5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid) is a potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving mediator derived from the omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid. In this study, we report the RvE1 metabolome, namely, the metabolic products derived from RvE1. RvE1 was converted to several novel products by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and whole blood as well as in murine inflammatory exudates, spleen, kidney, and liver. The potential activity of each of the newly identified products was directly compared with that of RvE1. The new RvE1 products elucidated included 19-hydroxy-RvE1, 20-carboxy-RvE1, and 10,11-dihydro-RvE1. Metabolomic profiles of RvE1 were species-, tissue-, and cell type-specific. Direct comparisons of the bioactions between isolated RvE1 metabolic products indicated that 10,11-dihydro-RvE1, 18-oxo-RvE1, and 20-carboxy-RvE1 displayed reduced bioactivity in vivo. At concentrations as low as 1 nM, RvE1 enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, a proresolving activity that was reduced by metabolic inactivation. These results document novel metabolic products of RvE1 that impact its actions and that both omega-1 hydroxylation and reduction of conjugated double bonds in RvE1 are new pathways of four main routes of RvE1 metabolism in mammalian tissues. Together, these findings indicate that, during inflammation and its controlled resolution, specific tissues inactivate proresolving signals, i.e., RvE1, to permit the coordinated return to homeostasis. Moreover, the RvE1 metabolome may serve as a biomarker of these processes.
Remarks on the Evolutionary Effect of Natural Selection

The so-called "Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection", that the mean fitness of a population increases with time under natural selection, is known not to be true, as a mathematical theorem, when fitnesses depend on more than one locus. Although this observation may not have particular biological relevance, (so that mean fitness may well increase in the great majority of interesting situations), it does suggest that it is of interest to find an evolutionary result which is correct as a mathematical theorem, no matter how many loci are involved. The aim of the present note is to prove an evolutionary theorem relating to the variance in fitness, rather than the mean: this theorem is true for an arbitrary number of loci, as well as for arbitrary (fixed) fitness parameters and arbitrary linkage between loci. Connections are briefly discussed between this theorem and the principle of quasi-linkage equilibrium.
Organizational Consulting Meets Relational Psychoanalysis: Commentary on Papers by Kenneth Eisold and Marc Maltz

This commentary brings the perspective of relational psychoanalysis to bear on Marc Maltz's and Kenneth Eisold's papers about organizational consulting. Maltz and Eisold both discuss their experiences coaching challenging leaders. Eisold also describes consulting to organizations. This commentary explains that organizational consulting originated in an integration of psychoanalytic object relations theory and systems theory and that it draws on the work of Bion and Klein. The commentary identifies aspects of corporate culture that challenge organizational consultants to create a reflective and safe space in the workplace.
Use of rhodamine 123 to examine the functional activity of P-glycoprotein in primary cultured brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers

The fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123, was used to evaluate the functional activity of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transport system in primary cultured bovine brain microvessel endothelial cell (BBMEC) monolayers. Rhodamine 123 accumulation was increased significantly in BBMEC monolayers treated with the P-gp modifying agent, cyclosporin A (CSA). Rhodamine 123 accumulation was also increased by other P-gp modifying agents. The rank effectiveness of these agents in increasing rhodamine 123 accumulation in BBMEC monolayers was CSA = dipyridamole > verapamil = quinidine. The maximal increase in rhodamine 123 accumulation in CSA treated. BBMEC monolayers was approximately 3 fold greater than in control monolayers and was qualitatively similar to that observed with 3H-vincristine. Comparison of functional activity with the biochemical expression of P-gp in BBMEC monolayers and in an established tumor cell line that over-expresses P-gp indicate that functional activity may be a more descriptive measure of the importance of this drug efflux system than protein expression. Furthermore, these studies suggest that accumulation of rhodamine 123 in BBMEC monolayers can be used to quantitatively examine P-gp activity in the blood-brain barrier.
The green non-sulfur bacteria: A deep branching in the eubacterial line of descent

Ribosomal RNA sequence comparisons define a phylogenetic grouping, the green non-sulfur bacteria and relatives (GNS), known to contain the genera Chloroflexus, Herpetosiphon and Thermomicrobium--organisms that have little phenotypic similarity. The unit is phylogenetically deep, but entirely distinct from any other eubacterial division (phylum). It is also relatively ancient--branching from the common eubacterial stem earlier than any other group of eubacteria reported thus far. The group phenotype is predominantly thermophilic, and its thermophilic members, especially Thermomicrobium, are more slowly evolving than Herpetosiphon, a mesophile. The GNS unit appears significantly older than either the green sulfur bacteria or the cyanobacteria--making it likely that organisms such as Chloroflexus, not the cyanobacteria, generated the oldest stromatolites, which formed over three billion years ago.
Effects of chronic isoproterenol administration on β1-adrenoceptors and growth of pancreas of young and adult rats

(/sup 3/H)Dihydroalprenolol (DHA) binding of membranes of adult pancreas differed from that of pancreas of young rats, and the DHA binding in the presence of atenolol or butoxamine also was different in the two age groups. The adult pancreas had 93% ..beta../sub 2/- and 7% ..beta../sub 1/-adrenoceptors and did not exhibit an increased incorporation of (/sup 3/H)thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) following 2 days of DL-isoproterenol (ISO) administration; in contrast, pancreas of the 20-day-old rat had 71% ..beta../sub 2/-adrenoceptors and 27% ..beta../sub 1/-adrenoceptors and exhibited a 34-fold increase over that of adult, and a 6-fold increase over that of the control 20-day-old pancreas. Acinar cell differentiation was also accelerated by a 7-day regimen of ISO administration from 13 to 20 days of age. These growth responses to ISO appear to be ..beta../sub 1/ mediated. The lack of ..beta../sub 1/-adrenoceptors in the adult may account for the failure of the adult pancreas to exhibit a growth response to ISO.
Establishing a clinical pharmacology fellowship program for physicians, pharmacists, and pharmacologists: a newly accredited interdisciplinary training program at the Ohio State University

Studying the effect of drugs on humans, clinical pharmacologists play an essential role in many academic medical and research teams, within the pharmaceutical industry and as members of government regulatory entities. Clinical pharmacology fellowship training programs should be multidisciplinary and adaptable, and should combine didactics, applied learning, independent study, and one-on-one instruction. This article describes a recently developed 2 year clinical pharmacology fellowship program – one of only nine accredited by the American Board of Clinical Pharmacology – that is an integrative, multi faceted, adaptable method for training physicians, pharmacists, and scientists for leadership roles in the pharmaceutical industry, in academia, or with regulatory or accreditation agencies. The purpose of this article is to provide information for academic clinicians and researchers interested in designing a similar program, for professionals in the field of clinical pharmacology who are already affiliated with a fellowship program and may benefit from supplemental information, and for clinical researchers interested in clinical pharmacology who may not be aware that such training opportunities exist. This article provides the details of a recently accredited program, including design, implementation, accreditation, trainee success, and future directions.
Active Integrated Antennas Using Resonant Tunneling Diodes

Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs) exhibit negative differential resistance (NDR), when biased appropriately. This feature could be used to add functionality in conventional circuits. In this paper, we incorporate the electromagnetic field theory and the circuit parameter extraction approach to design active integrated antennas in the wireless communication frequency range.
THE RACIAL DIVIDE AND THE CLASS STRUGGLE IN THE UNITED STATES

In this essay, Michael Goldfield examines why questions of race continue to play such a prominent role in contemporary society, particularly in undermining the potential solidarity and strength of the working-class movement, what sustains racist attitudes, practices, and institutions, especially in the face of trends in world economic development that would seem to be undermining them, and what needs to be done to overturn them.
Confocal microscopy and 3-D distribution of dead cells in cryopreserved pancreatic islets

Our laboratory is involved in studies of changes in shape and size of biological specimens under osmotic stress at ambient and sub-zero temperatures. This paper describes confocal microscopy, image processing and analysis of 3-D distribution of cells in acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) fluorescent stained frozen-thawed islet of Langerhans. Isolated and cultured rat pancreatic islets were frozen and thawed in 2 M dimethylsulfoxide and examined under a Zeiss laser scanning confocal microscope. Two micrometers to five micrometers serial sections of the islets were obtained and processed to obtain high contrast images which were later processed in two steps. The first step consisted of the isolation of the region of interest by template masking followed by grey level thresholding to obtain a binary image. Three-dimensional blob coloring algorithm was applied and the number of voxels in each region and the number of regions were counted. The volumetric distribution of the dead cells in the islets was computed by calculating the distance from the center of each blob to the centroid of the 3-D image. An increase in the number of blobs moving from the center toward the periphery of the islet was observed indicating that the freeze damage was more concentrated in the outer edges of the islet.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Scaling of tree height and trunk diameter as a function of ring number

Phipps (1967) showed, in suppressed maples and oaks, that on average the cross-sectional area of successive tree rings is independent of ring number. From that empirical result I argued that mean ring width and mean ring diameter scale as the inverse square root and square root, respectively, of ring number (Prothero 1997). Here I give an illustrative argument as to how macroscopic trunk variables may be related quantitatively to microscopic ring variables. First, evidence is presented consistent with the theory of Greenhill (1881) and the empirical evidence of McMahon (1973) that tree height in a diversity of species scales as about the two-thirds power of trunk diameter. Here I report further evidence bearing on the same question. From these combined results I suggest that tree height, and by implication trunk height, and other parameters governing macroscopic tree trunk proportions, can all be expressed as powers of a microscopic variable, namely ring number, where the scaling exponents are all proper fractions. I suggest that at least one of these relationships is, in principle, non-adaptive.
Using Technology in Teacher Preparation

Abstract This paper chronicles the ventures of two mature faculty members who continue to negotiate their own steep learning curves in helping teacher education students use current technology. It describes the scaffolding provided within the university setting for the faculty members' growth. Included are elements supported by a PT3 grant that have enabled them to develop the vision, skills, attitudes, and courage necessary to stay the course willingly and without duress. Benefits to their students as well as to themselves are discussed, along with ongoing challenges to continued growth.
Semantics of an Avian Alarm Call System: the Male Domestic Fowl, Gallus Domesticus

Vocal alarm signals of male domestic fowl given in the presence of predators and other ground and aerial objects were recorded and analyzed. Studies were conducted under semi-naturalistic conditions and a telemetric technique was used to facilitate high quality sound recording. Cockerels gave ground alarm calls specifically to objects moving on the substrate and aerial alarm calls to objects moving above in free space. Vocalizations were associated with both dangerous and harmless objects. We therefore investigated variation in sound structure of aerial alarm calls with reference to flying predators and non-predators. A multidimensional contingency table analysis revealed a significant tendency for qualitatively different aerial alarm calls to be associated with flying predators and non-predators. Differences in call structure were restricted to the two first units of the alarm call. We tested the hypotheses that variation in aerial alarm call structure might be affected by either the distance separating the bird from the object or the angular size of the object projected onto the retina of the cockerel. Statistical analysis showed that the angular size was a good predictor of variation of the second unit of alarm call. The distance it self was less predictive. The first unit of the alarm call was not affected by either the distance or the angular size of the object. We propose that this part of the call has a more general function of alerting the conspecific companions. We conclude that alarm vocalizations of male domestic fowl refer specifically to a certain type of stimulus object, either moving on the ground or flying. For alarm calls correlated with aerial stimuli the specific angular size of a stimulus object moving in the air is a good predictor of call structure. We suggest that this way of dealing with flying objects as stimuli for alarm calls is the result of a predator detection strategy in which the benefits of an expanded field of vision, an important adaptation for ground-dwelling birds, exceed the costs of alarming to harmless birds and other aerial objects.
Acute myocardial infarction: what's in a name?

Type 2 myocardial infarction, defined as infarction occurring in the absence of acute coronary syndromes from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, is evolving into a distinct c...
Optimal non-linear dimension reduction scheme for classical molecular dynamics

The optimal creation of a reduced space that effectively captures the long timescale dynamics of a non-linear molecular system over a range of frequencies is described. The technique builds on a previously developed subspace method based on linear constant projective transformation of the original full space. The present work attempts to propose transformation that are spatially dependent thereby leading to an effective subspace for better representing the dynamics of interests. The algorithm seeks out an optimal transformation consistent with desired low frequency motion in a rather general way. The method is demonstrated for a six-dimensional nonlinear system reduced to two-dimensions. Superior performance is found in evaluating ensemble-averaged classical dynamical properties.
Resistance Minima in Nondilute CeLa and CeY Alloys

Minima that may be indicative of a spin-compensated magnetic state have been observed in the electrical resistivity data for certain nondilute, hexagonal CeLa and CeY alloys. Resistively-determined Neel temperatures do not agree with those determined magnetically for CeLa alloys containing ⪆ 21 at% La. Minima in der Temperaturabhangigkeit des elektrischen Widerstandes wurden bei gewissen unverdunnten hexagonalen CeLa und CeY Legierungen beobachtet. Diese Minima konnen als ein Spin-kompensierter magnetischer Zustand gedeutet werden. Fur die CeLa Leigerungen mit La ⪆ 21 at% stimmen die von Widerstandsmessungen erhaltenen Neel-Temperaturen nicht mit denen uberein, die von magnetischen Messungen herruhren.
Methods for determining axial g tensors

Abstract Less information is needed to determine the parameters of axial g tensors than of rhombic g tensors. Methods for calculating axial g-tensor elements have been determined which use less single-crystal ESR data than has been previously required. Twenty-two cases have been considered, each of which corresponds to a different set of experimental quantities. The experimental data may include g values from measurements on single crystals, polycrystalline powders, or solutions. These are classified into six groups as follows: (1) rotations about two axes, (2) one rotation and the value of g |; or g ⊥ or g ave , (3) one rotation and the g value from an arbitrary orientation, (4) two g values and g | and ⊥ (5) three g values and g | or g ⊥ or g ave , and (6) four g values. A computer program in Fortran IV has been written that covers all these cases.
Centralizers and an ordering for faithful, normal states☆

Abstract We order faithful, normal states by ordering their respective centralizers by inclusion. Maximal elements are shown to be what Takesaki has called inner homogeneous states. Centralizers of maximal elements exhibit a maximal property with respect to semifinite ranges of normal projections.