cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computing Teichmuller Shape Space

Shape indexing, classification, and retrieval are fundamental problems in computer graphics. This work introduces a novel method for surface indexing and classification based on Teichmuller theory. The Teichmuller space for surfaces with the same topology is a finite dimensional manifold, where each point represents a conformal equivalence class, a curve represents a deformation process from one class to the other. We apply Teichmuller space coordinates as shape descriptors, which are succinct, discriminating and intrinsic; invariant under the rigid motions and scalings, insensitive to resolutions. Furthermore, the method has solid theoretic foundation, and the computation of Teichmuller coordinates is practical, stable and efficient. This work focuses on the surfaces with negative Euler numbers, which have a unique conformal Riemannian metric with -1 Gaussian curvature. The coordinates which we will compute are the lengths of a special set of geodesics under this special metric. The metric can be obtained by the curvature flow algorithm, the geodesics can be calculated using algebraic topological method. We tested our method extensively for indexing and comparison of about one hundred of surfaces with various topologies, geometries and resolutions. The experimental results show the efficacy and efficiency of the length coordinate of the Teichmuller space.
820 NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL TESTING IN CHILDREN WITH LEUKEMIA

The neurological consequences of childhood leukemia and its treatment have become increasingly important with the improvement in long-term survival. The WISC-R and Frostig Test of Visual Perception were performed on a series of patients admitted to UCLA Medical Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT). In addition, Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP), Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP), and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEP) were administered prior to BMT. Thus, the observed abnormalities reflect previous disease and/or treatment. There were consistent findings of visual-motor deficits in 8 of 11 leukemia patients. This was evidenced in 5 patients by a profile of comparatively high scores on Picture Completion and Picture Arrangement subtests (WISC-R) and low scores on Block Design (WISC-R) and Form Constancy (Frostig) subtests. Three of 5 patients were found to have lesions of the optic nerve on VEP while 2 of 3 patients produced slow nerve conduction studies on BAEP. Two of 4 patients had abnormal SEP. The three children with optic nerve lesions on VEP showed impairment of visual-motor skills. These neuropsychological and electrophysiological tests are valuable in the evaluation of the long-term nervous system sequelae of childhood leukemia and its treatment.
Evolutionary programming-based methodology for economical output power from PEM fuel cell for micro-grid application

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for finding the optimal output power from a PEM fuel cell power plant (FCPP). The FCPP is used to supply power to a small micro-grid community. The technique used is based on evolutionary programming (EP) to find a near-optimal solution of the problem. The method incorporates the Hill–Climbing technique (HCT) to maintain feasibility during the solution process. An economic model of the FCPP is used. The model considers the production cost of energy and the possibility of selling and buying electrical energy from the local grid. In addition, the model takes into account the thermal energy output from the FCPP and the thermal energy requirement for the micro-grid community. The results obtained are compared against a solution based on genetic algorithms. Results are encouraging and indicate viability of the proposed technique.
Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Treatment of invasive aspergillosis requires consideration of appropriate antifungal therapy, potential surgical management, and modulation of immunity. In the past several years, advances in therapy include the availability of multiple new antifungal drugs that have activity against Aspergillus species (expanded spectrum azole antifungals and echinocandins), with some studies showing potentially improved outcomes compared to therapies that employ conventional formulations of amphotericin B. The first large randomised trial performed to evaluate therapy for aspergillosis demonstrated improved outcomes and survival in patients randomised to receive voriconazole as primary therapy. Other recent studies have demonstrated activity of the liposomal formulation of amphotericin B in treating aspergillosis, although the relative utility of this drug compared to voriconazole is unclear. “Salvage” therapy studies, results of which are limited by small numbers of patients and host-related biases in outcomes, demonstrate potential utility with echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin), posaconazole and amphotericin B lipid complex. Most recently, use of multiple therapies in combination (“combination therapy”), especially use of regimens including echinocandin antifungals, has attracted much attention, although few data are available to support adoption as standard practice. A comprehensive approach to therapy should consider the potential necessity of surgical management and immune modulation, which are discussed.
Reality: A Seamless Symphony of Becoming

Health care providers worldwide are visioning anew their commitment to service with an emphasis on person-focused care. Receivers and providers are frustrated with the ineffectiveness of the machine model health care delivery systems and are considering different possibilities. In this article the human becoming perspective as a guide to multidisciplinary health care delivery is discussed in light of discipline-specific goals.
Group risk-taking in a two-choice situation: Replication, extension, and a model☆

In an attempt to determine if individual risk preferences change under group conditions, individuals and groups were observed when making binary decisions. The expected values of the outcomes were held constant while the probabilities of the two events varied across conditions. As previously, it was found that when the probabilities of the two events are .6 and .4, a conservative shift is obtained. When these probabilities are .8 and -2, however, there was a tendency for groups to shift toward risk. A two-stage parameter-free model was suggested to account for individual and group choices.
Carl Djerassi: In His Own Words

In honor of the 90th birthday of Professor Carl Djerassi, J. I. Seeman has assembled a collection of poignant quotes and excerpts from Djerassi's writings which embody his remarkable life experiences, his philosophies of life, and his unique personality.
Modelling non-homogeneous Poisson processes with almost periodic intensity functions

Summary. We propose a model for the analysis of non-stationary point processes with almost periodic rate of occurrence. The model deals with the arrivals of events which are unequally spaced and show a pattern of periodicity or almost periodicity, such as stock transactions and earthquakes. We model the rate of occurrence of a non-homogeneous Poisson process as the sum of sinusoidal functions plus a baseline. Consistent estimates of frequencies, phases and amplitudes which form the sinusoidal functions are constructed mainly by the Bartlett periodogram. The estimates are shown to be asymptotically normally distributed. Computational issues are discussed and it is shown that the frequency estimates must be resolved with order o(T−1) to guarantee the asymptotic unbiasedness and consistency of the estimates of phases and amplitudes, where T is the length of the observation period. The prediction of the next occurrence is carried out and the mean-squared prediction error is calculated by Monte Carlo integration. Simulation and real data examples are used to illustrate the theoretical results and the utility of the model.
Dimensionless analysis of tire characteristics for vehicle dynamics studies

This paper demonstrates the use of dimensional analysis for scaled vehicle tires. The motivation for this approach is the understanding of realistic nonlinear tire behavior in scaled vehicle control studies. By examining the behavior of vehicle tires within a dimensionless framework, several key tire parameters are developed that allow for an appropriate relationship between full-sized tires and scaled tires. Introducing these scalings into vehicle dynamics studies allows for the development of scaled vehicles that have a high degree of dynamic similitude with full-sized vehicles but are safer and more economical testbeds on which to develop experimental control strategies. Experimental data is used to compare the nonlinear characteristics for sets of scaled and full-sized tires.
Architecture abstraction tower

Bridging architectural models and implementations remains a research challenge to be addressed. In this position paper, I propose an approach based on the construction of an architecture abstraction tower in which layers of system models are causally connected. I describe how abstraction towers can be used for architectural conformance analysis, debugging, reflection and interpreting architecture analysis results.
A generic traffic priority language for autonomous robots navigation in an unknown space

Presents a generic traffic priority language, called KYKLOFORIA, used by autonomous robots for collision free navigation in the same unknown or known navigation space. In this work, the robots are autonomous and there is no need of a central control to coordinate them. The only requirement is a primitive communication indications among the robots. Based on these conditions and some additional assumptions the author has developed a traffic priority language for each robot, in order to make its own 'right' decision during the navigation avoiding any possible collision with other moving objects. The traffic priority language is based on a set of primitive traffic priority alphabet and production rules which compose corridor-patterns for the application of the traffic rules. >
Visualizing the Chain‐Flipping Mechanism in Fatty‐Acid Biosynthesis

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) from fatty acid synthases sequesters elongating products within its hydrophobic core, but this dynamic mechanism remains poorly understood. We exploited solvatochromic pantetheine probes attached to ACP that fluoresce when sequestered. The addition of a catalytic partner lures the cargo out of the ACP and into the active site of the enzyme, thus enhancing fluorescence to reveal the elusive chain-flipping mechanism. This activity was confirmed by the use of a dual solvatochromic cross-linking probe and solution-phase NMR spectroscopy. The chain-flipping mechanism was visualized by single-molecule fluorescence techniques, thus demonstrating specificity between the Escherichia coli ACP and its ketoacyl synthase catalytic partner KASII.
Modular approach of multimodal integration in a virtual environment

We present a novel modular approach of integrating multiple input/output (I/O) modes in a virtual environment that imitate the natural, intuitive and effective human interaction behavior. The I/O modes that are used in this research are spatial tracking of two hands, fingers gesture recognition, head/body spatial tracking, voice recognition (discrete recognition for simple commands, and continuous recognition for natural language input), immersive stereo display and synthesized speech output. The intuitive natural interaction is achieved through several stages: identify all the tasks that need to be performed, group the similar tasks and assign them to a particular mode such that it imitates the physical world. This modular approach allows inclusion and removal of additional input and output modes as well as additional number of users easily. We described this multimodal interaction paradigm by applying it to a real world application: visualizing, modeling and fitting protein molecular structures in an immersive virtual environment.
Integrated human decision making model under belief-desire-intention framework for crowd simulation

An integrated Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) modeling framework is proposed for human decision making and planning, whose sub-modules are based on Bayesian belief network (BBN), Decision-Field-Theory (DFT), and probabilistic depth first search (PDFS) technique. To mimic realistic human behaviors, attributes of the BDI framework are reverse-engineered from the human-in-the-loop experiments conducted in the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). The proposed modeling framework is demonstrated for human?s evacuation behaviors under a terrorist bomb attack situation. The simulated environment and agents (human model) conforming to the proposed BDI framework are implemented in AnyLogic® agent-based simulation software, where each agent calls external Netica BBN software to perform its perceptual processing function and Soar software to perform its real-time planning and decision-execution functions. The constructed simulation has been used to test impact of several factors (e.g. demographics of people, number of policemen) on evacuation performance (e.g. average evacuation time, percentage of casualties).
Recurrent Neural Networks and Related Models

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of neural network models where many connections among its neurons form a directed cycle. This gives rise to the structure of internal states or memory in the RNN, endowing it with the dynamic temporal behavior not exhibited by the DNN discussed in earlier chapters. In this chapter, we first present the state-space formulation of the basic RNN as a nonlinear dynamical system, where the recurrent matrix governing the system dynamics is largely unstructured. For such basic RNNs, we describe two algorithms for learning their parameters in some detail: (1) the most popular algorithm of backpropagation through time (BPTT); and (2) a more rigorous, primal-dual optimization technique, where constraints on the RNN’s recurrent matrix are imposed to guarantee stability during RNN learning. Going beyond basic RNNs, we further study an advanced version of the RNN, which exploits the structure called long-short-term memory (LSTM), and analyzes its strengths over the basic RNN both in terms of model construction and of practical applications including some latest speech recognition results. Finally, we analyze the RNN as a bottom-up, discriminative, dynamic system model against the top-down, generative counterpart of dynamic system as discussed in Chap. 4. The analysis and discussion lead to potentially more effective and advanced RNN-like architectures and learning paradigm where the strengths of discriminative and generative modeling are integrated while their respective weaknesses are overcome.
Hierarchical policy delegation in multiple-authority ABE

We present HM-ABE, a hierarchical multi-authority attribute-based encryption scheme with policy delegation that generalises current work significantly. Current methods require encryptors to build ciphertext access policies themselves, using attributes published by authority domains. This causes problems, both since authorities may not publish sensitive attributes, and since users may not understand their internal policies. We permit encryptors to delegate parts of their access policies to authorities, who can construct appropriate policies on their behalf, using sensitive attributes, if needed. Delegation can be recursive. Delegation helps encryptors build more accurate access policies, especially when they must include attributes from multiple authorities. HMABE greatly reduces the chances that ineligible users gain access to data, or that eligible users are denied. Delegation lets authorities hide sensitive attributes, while still allowing users indirect access to their semantics. We show that HM-ABE achieves recursive attribute delegation, selective attribute hiding, and prove that it is secure.
Effects of 12-HETE on isolated dog renal arcuate arteries

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) is one of the major noncyclooxygenase eicosanoids formed in vascular tissue. The vasoactive effects of the cytochrome P-450 product, 12(R)-HETE and the lipoxygenase product, 12(S)-HETE, on isolated, perfused renal arcuate arteries of the dog were investigated using videomicroscopy. R and S refer to stereoconfiguration of the hydroxy group at the twelfth position of this fatty acid structure. Cumulative doses of 12(R)-HETE produced a concentration-dependent vasoconstriction (n = 9) with a threshold dose of 10(-9) M. At a concentration of 3 x 10(-7) M, 12(R)-HETE reduced vascular diameter by 63 +/- 8 microns (from 306 +/- 17 microns), which was 37 +/- 6% of the maximal vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine (10(-6) M). The effects of 12(R)-HETE were not altered by indomethacin (10(-6) M, n = 8). The vasoconstrictor response was associated with depolarization of vascular smooth muscle from -47 +/- 1 (15 cells) to -32 +/- 1 mV (12 cells). 12(S)-HETE was also a vasoconstrictor (n = 6), but the threshold concentration for vasoconstriction was 10(-8) M. Small renal arteries obtained from ischemic-injured, but not normal, kidneys produced a metabolite when incubated with arachidonic acid, which coeluted with a 12-HETE standard using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The rate of synthesis of this 12-HETE-like metabolite by renal arteries obtained from ischemic-injured and normal kidneys averaged 1.2 +/- 0.4 (n = 9) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (n = 7) pmol.h-1.mg tissue-1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Organizational Technologies for Transforming Care

The basic thesis of this article is that rapid progress on the IOM's multiple aims calls for transformative change within and among healthcare organizations. The promise of a number of types of transformative approaches is closely linked to their ability to simultaneously build upon several organizational technologies: clinical, social, information, and administrative technologies.
Finding Regularities and Data Classification

Regularities and distinct patterns observed in data can be used to better understand the underlying process that creates such data. Thus, an important part of any realistic data analysis is to search for any unusual features that can be used later for data comprehension. Observation of structures in data can lead to discoveries of new laws of nature, and can also be used for more pragmatic tasks, such as prediction of future dynamic changes.
Quantifying Coach Confirmation: The Development and Preliminary Validation of the Coach Confirmation Instrument

The lack of appropriate measurement to assess athlete-coach interaction and athletes’ psychological states has historically plagued sport studies research (i.e., an encompassing term for sport psychology, management, sociology, and communication) and may partially explain the lack of empirical research regarding athlete-coach interaction within the emerging field of sport communication. Without valid and reliable tools to assess athlete-coach interactions, understanding the antecedents and outcomes of these relationships, which is a central aim of sport communication research, cannot be accomplished. This article develops and demonstrates validity for a measure of the coach confirmation instrument (CCI) via two studies. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis produced a 15-item, two-factor measure (challenge and acceptance). In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this two-factor structure had an acceptable-to-good fit using a variety of fit indices. Additionally, pre...
Differential effect of prior β-lactams and fluoroquinolones on risk of bloodstream infections secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract Objective This retrospective case–control study examines risk factors for bloodstream infections (BSI) due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA). Methods Hospitalized adults with Gram-negative BSI at Palmetto Health from 2010 to 2015 were identified. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine PSA BSI risk factors. Results Seventy and 910 patients with PSA and Enterobacteriaceae BSI, respectively, were included. Prior use of β-lactams (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.9, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.3–6.9), but not fluoroquinolones (aOR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.4–2.2), was a risk factor for PSA BSI. Immune compromised status (aOR 3.7, 95% CI: 2.0–6.7), respiratory source (aOR 4.4, 95% CI: 2.1–8.9), and prolonged hospitalization (aOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.5), were predictors of PSA BSI. Conclusions Determination of class of previously used antibiotics among other clinical variables helps identify patients at risk of PSA BSI and offers opportunities to optimize empirical antimicrobial therapy.
Network error correction with unequal link capacities

We study network error correction with unequal link capacities. Previous results on network error correction assume unit link capacities. We consider network error correction codes that can correct arbitrary errors occurring on up to z links. We find the capacity of a network consisting of parallel links, and a generalized Singleton outer bound for any arbitrary network. We show by example that linear coding is insufficient for achieving capacity in general. In our example, the capacity is 50% greater than the linear coding capacity and we achieve using a nonlinear error detection strategy. We also present a method for finding an upper bound on the linear coding capacity for arbitrary network. We show that even for a single source and single sink network, it may be necessary for intermediate nodes to do coding, nonlinear error detection or error correction. This is unlike the equal link capacity case, where coding only at the source and forwarding at intermediate nodes suffices for a single source and sink network. We conjecture that the generalized Singleton outer bound is not achievable in general.
Félix Hubert d'Herelle (1873-1949): History of a scientific mind.

The discovery of bacteriophage one century ago by the French-Canadian Felix d'Herelle set off controversies as to the nature of bacteriophage as well as over the priority and credit for this discovery. The background and life of d'Herelle reveals a complex, self-taught outsider in science who was strongly influenced by his admiration of Louis Pasteur, but also his attachment to the philosophical positions of early 17th century philosophers, especially Francis Bacon. D'Herelle left substantial unpublished writings on his philosophical musings toward the end of his life.
A simple short term method to study thyroid disruption using a fetal rat thyroid culture

Abstract Introduction Thyroid modulation activity has not been investigated for many chemical substances. Due to ethical, practical and financial reasons, in vivo evaluation of a large number of compounds is not feasible. It has been proposed that an in vitro mechanism-based strategy could be more adequate for the identification of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals. Here we describe a simple and mostly inexpensive, short term culture assay to study thyroid disruption. Methods Fetal thyroids collected from gestation day 20.5 were cultured up to 24 h in Hank's saline solution, at 37 °C with oxygenation at 0 and 12 h. Viability of the cultured explants was evaluated by the MTT assay. Positive (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) and negative (6-propyl-2-thiouracil, PTU) modulation of cultured thyroids was assessed with morphometrical analysis of H & E stained gland sections. Thyroxine expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Viability was shown to increase with time of culture with higher metabolic activity being achieved at 24 h as compared to shorter periods of incubation. Follicular epithelial cells exhibited a statistically significant dependence on thyrotropin concentration, although more evident in the inner than in the outer portion of the glands. As expected, TSH induced expression of thyroxin while PTU inhibited it. Discussion GD20.5 fetal thyroids may be cultured up to 24 h under relatively simple laboratory conditions during which viability and function of the gland are preserved showing that it is possible to reproduce in vivo response under in vitro conditions. This culture could be a suitable short term assay to study mechanism of thyroid disruption.
Pre-Service ESL Teachers’ Knowledge about Language and its Transfer to Lesson Planning

The present research grew out of a desire to learn more about why our students, who are native English speaking preservice language teachers, struggled to apply the knowledge they were learning in their English Grammar course to the lesson plans they wrote in their pedagogy courses. We saw that they were learning the content of the grammar class, but few linguistic objectives appeared when they were writing lesson plans, especially plans that originated from authentic content materials or tasks. We argue that while all teachers need KAL (Fillmore and Snow, 2000), it is central to the work of ESL teachers. They need to develop and apply KAL to make decisions in the classroom, from issues of curriculum design to the question of whether and how to offer corrective feedback. ESL teachers must be skilled at gathering linguistic information from their students to choose suitable linguistic structures to teach and to assess students' linguistic development. They have to be able to predict what language will be problematic in a text or class activity and then decide how to address the language in the lesson. They need to decide whether instruction should be proactive (i.e., planned instruction) or reactive (e.g., recasts), implicit or explicit, inductive or deductive (see Doughty and Williams (1998) for full discussion on decisions related to focus on form). KAL informs what materials, tasks and assignments are best suited to students according to their global literacy skills and their syntactic development. KAL is core to the everyday work of language teachers.
Fetal surgical repair with placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cell engineered patch in a rodent model of myelomeningocele.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of fetal surgical repair of myelomeningocele (MMC) in a rodent model using human placental mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) seeded onto extracellular matrix (ECM) and to characterize the resulting changes in spinal cord tissue. Methods Fetal rodents with retinoic acid (RA) induced MMC underwent surgical repair of the MMC defect using an ECM patch on embryonic age (EA) 19 and were collected via caesarean section on EA 21. Various seeding densities of PMSC-ECM and ECM only controls were evaluated. Cross-sectional compression (width/height) and apoptotic cell density of the lumbosacral spinal cord were analyzed. Results 67 dams treated with 40mg/kg of RA resulted in 352 pups with MMC defects. 121 pups underwent MMC repair, and 105 (86.8%) survived to term. Unrepaired MMC pups had significantly greater cord compression and apoptotic cell density compared to normal non-MMC pups. Pups treated with PMSC-ECM had significantly less cord compression and demonstrated a trend towards decreased apoptotic cell density compared to pups treated with ECM only. Conclusion Surgical repair of MMC with a PMSC-seeded ECM disc is feasible with a postoperative survival rate of 86.8%. Fetal rodents repaired with PMSC-ECM have significantly less cord deformity and decreased histological evidence of apoptosis compared to ECM only controls.
A study on the prediction of illness related mortality of critically ill children by applying paediatric risk mortality III score in paediatric medical intensive care unit patients

Background: Prognostic scoring systems are increasingly used to predict risk of mortality by assessing severity of illness on the day of admission. The paediatric risk mortality III (PRISM III) score is one of the mortality score systems which is commonly used among paediatric critical care units. Objectives: To assess the severity of illness using PRISM III score in all paediatric medical intensive care unit (MICU) admissions within the first 24 hours and to find the relationship between PRISM III score and the mortality rate. Method: This was a prospective study conducted at MICU, Sirimavo Bandaranaike Specialized Children Hospital, Peradeniya from July 2016 to April 2017. PRISM III score of each patient was calculated from abnormal physical and laboratory variables according to scoring system on admission day and the patients followed up for their outcome. Results: The sample size was 105 with 51 males and 54 females. There were 23 deaths and 82 discharges from MICU. There was significant positive correlation with death and provision of mandatory ventilation or usage of any number of inotropes. The average PRISM III score among the sample was 8.1. The PRISM III scores among the deaths and survivals were 14.6 and 6.3 respectively. Conclusions: PRISM III score is a good predictor of mortality and it is a good indicator of severity of illness on the day of admission. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2018; 47(2): 118-124
California's Duty of Confidentiality: A Case Study in Code Interpretation

In 1850 David Dudley Field added some language to the Oath of the Canton of Geneva, which he copied into his draft Code of Civil Procedure for New York. His brother, future Justice Stephen Field, deliberately avoided adding this language to his revision of California's Practice Act, though for his own reasons rather than because of the language itself. California adopted Field's language in 1872. In 2014 California clings to a literal interpretation of this language in defense of the state's uniquely conservative rule of confidentiality. This article traces the history of Field's language: why he added it, how he and his contemporaries thought about confidentiality, how they viewed codes as opposed to statutes in general, and how they viewed interpretation of this language in particular. At the time confidentiality reflected the power lawyers gained when they learned their clients' secrets, and precepts of gentlemanly behavior, which served as a model for certain aspects of lawyers' conduct. At present, lawyers cling to strict standards of confidentiality to minimize the risk of third party suits and to retain a competitive advantage relative to other highly skilled service providers who might perform a large fraction of lawyers' work but who enjoy no legal privilege and who operate under the more liberal confidentiality standard of agency law. The history of this provision illustrates some important general points. California’s experience shows the risk of arid textualism (not all textualism is). All law is purposive and legal texts cannot be fully understood without considering the purposes texts express and embody. Those purposes are sensitive to time and other elements of context. To focus exclusively on a subset of those purposes is to misunderstand the text and thus to misapprehend the law.
Blow-Up of Solutions of Nonlinear Evolution Equations

Publisher Summary In a nonlinear evolution equation with initial condition u(x,0) = φ(x), (x ∈ Ω), where u = u(x,t) is either a scalar or vector function and Ω is a domain in R N . If Ω ≠ R N , one also prescribes boundary conditions on ∂Ω for t> 0. The chapter discusses the situation where a global classical solution does not exist for all t > 0. The basic problem is then to study the nature of the singularities of u(x,t) at the time when the solution ceases to be a classical solution. The chapter also reviews some recent work. The results and methods depend upon the particular type of the linearized equation and upon the nonlinear terms.
Overview of the Theory of the Organizational Hologram

It would be nice to have an organization with these properties: 1. It has essential characteristics as a whole which are also present in every unit 2. It requires the minimum of effort to direct, control and coordinate its units 3. It is efficient at storing information about itself 4. It is resistant to the impact of uncertainty and “noise” 5. It is flexible and responsive when it adapts to change 6. It can lose units and still be capable of maintaining its essential characteristics 7. It is highly responsive to strong leadership which is based on its principles 8. It is intolerant of leaders whose actions are not based on the consistent application of basic principles 9. It is efficiently adaptable 10. It is maximally productive.
Canonical Ensembles, Evolution of Competing Species, and the Arrow of Time

At the outset, it may prove helpful to clarify the respective roles of mathematics and philosophy in the study of evolutionary systems. Historically, the two subjects have not always been considered as distinct. (Indeed, when I was a student in Cambridge, applied mathematics was called “natural philosophy”, while philosophy was called “moral science”.) In order to evolve, systems need to be somewhat complex. This complexity forces a certain subtlety on the concepts used to analyze the systems — concepts like “entropy”, “hierarchy”, “fitness” and “species”. Such concepts can easily lead to paradox and confusion if they are not defined and used with considerable care. Mathematics and philosophy share the task of ensuring that the concepts are properly formulated, that they are clearly understood. On the other hand, the distinction between the two subjects may be summarized by the observation that philosophy works with natural language, with words, whereas mathematics works objectively, with symbols. Sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, economics and sociology begin with verbal formulations, and then move progressively towards symbolic codifications. As this move takes place, mathematics inherits from philosophy the job of validating the science’s concepts and arguments (while philosophy may then assume the job of interpreting the increasingly refined science in “layman’s terms”, in natural language). One special benefit that mathematics has to offer is its universality: a single mathematical model may be capable of describing a wide range of phenomena by means of varying interpretations of the symbols used. The current paper presents a striking example The canonical ensemble model, originally developed in the context of equilibrium statistical mechanics to describe a system that has cooled to an ultimate state of maximal entropy, may be reinterpreted to describe the evolution of a non-equilibrium system away from a state of maximal entropy and towards an ultimate state of certainty. Examples like this are salutary reminders of the need for the precision and clarity that mathematics and philosophy can bring.
Neuronal Migration in the Hippocampal Lamination Defect (Hld) Mutant Mouse

Movement of cells is an important feature of the development of many tissues and organs in a variety of species (for reviews see Trinkaus, 1976; Abercrombie, 1980). In some cases, cell movement is the result of a passive displacement of the entire tissue including the environment of a cell. In other cases, however, a cell can be considered to migrate in that it actively participates in its displacement and its movement can be considerable relative to the constituents of its environment. This distinction is important because it emphasizes two things. First, a migrating cell generates the forces necessary for locomotion, and it interacts with its environment in order to move through it. Second, the displacement of cells by morphogenetic movements or the growth of a cell without a concomitant displacement of the cell body, e.g., the extension of an axon by a neuron, should not be considered to be cell migration (Weiss, 1961; Carter, 1967; Trinkaus, 1976). During the development of the vertebrate embryo there is a large amount of cell migration both of single cells and populations of cells from one part of the embryo to another. The four best understood examples are: 1) the colonization of the developing gonads by the primordial germ cells, 2) the development of the hematopoietic organs, 3) the extensive migrations of derivatives of the neural crest, and 4) the migration of young neurons in the developing central nervous system.
The Antinomies of Edward Wilmot Blyden: Providence, Progress, and the Project of Black Racial Nationalism

In my paper, I aim to bring forth for critical interrogation some of the anomalies in Blyden's voluminous writings that were quite controversial. Some of these anomalies include: his view of divine providence as the author of African enslavement in the Americas, yet his ardent opposition to slavery; his indefatigable advocacy of indigenous African "uplifting," and yet this was to be carried out by New World black diasporic "civilizing mission" in Africa; his brilliant critique of Eurocentric racism, and yet his appropriation of the "scientific" racism of his time, including accepting the view of racial miscegenation as being both anti-God and anti-science; his advocacy of African self-reliance, and yet his embrace of European colonialism, etc. The central category in Blyden's philosophy of history is the concept of "progress". He appropriated the modern Western notion of progress. He found Africa to be too much wanting in such progress. Ergo, the need for "civilizing mission" in and for Africa. I call Blyden's political philosophy, "black racial nationalism". My presentation is based on my recently published book, Edward Wilmot Blyden and the Racial Nationalist Imagination (Univ. of Rochester Press, 2012).
Demosprudence, Interactive Federalism, and Twenty Years of Sheff v. O'Neill Essay

Professor Lani Guinier and others have recently developed a theory called "demosprudence" that explains the democracy-enhancing potential of certain types of U.S. Supreme Court dissents. Separately, state constitutionalists have described state constitutions' capacity to offer a base of resistance against the U.S. Supreme Court's narrow conception of individual rights. Applying these two seemingly unrelated theories to school desegregation litigation in Connecticut and to same-sex marriage litigation in Iowa, this essay suggests that certain state constitutional decisions might function like U.S. Supreme Court dissents to enhance democratic activism. In this way, interactive federalism might usefully serve as a category of demosprudence.
Host factors affecting disease transmission

In prevention of transmission of infectious disease, the host uses a variety of protective mechanisms and can elicit many different responses. Nonspecific defense mechanisms include an intact integument (skin and mucous membranes). The host also can use specialized substances it may secrete, such as mucin or fatty acids to prevent colonization or to inhibit growth of potential pathogens. Specialized surface structures are also used by the host in prevention of disease transmission. These structures include cells composed of keratin and cells with cilia. Additionally, nonspecific protection can be achieved through the actions of the host's nonpathogenic microflora. If these nonspecific barriers to microorganism invasion are breached, other host interactions occur. Complement has many nonspecific actions that may be used to control invasion of microorganisms. PMLs are an additional line of defense the host has available in prevention of infection. These cells are responsible for intracellular killing of pathogens through the use of enzymatic and oxidative mechanisms. The mononuclear phagocyte system allows for elimination of foreign material and debris from the inflammatory reaction. Additionally, the macrophages process and present antigens to T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes differentiate to produce plasma cells, which produce specific antibodies aimed at the invading microorganism. T lymphocytes are involved in the killing of pathogenic microorganisms and in the production of powerful immune modulators known as lymphokines. Fever and inflammation also serve to stimulate reactions aimed at destroying and removing the pathogen from the host system. These factors all play an important role in prevention of disease transmission in a human host.
Processing of RNA by cytoplasmic extract. Synthesis and processing of RNA by isolated HeLa cell nuclei incubated with cytoplasmic extract.

Nuclei are isolated from HeLa cells by a low speed centrifugation procedure. These nuclei can carry out RNA synthesis at 30°. The effect of cytoplasmic extract on the transport and processing of RNA is measured. In the presence of cytoplasmic extract the precursor to 4S RNA is processed to 4S RNA and an RNA species of 7–9S is transported outside the nuclei.
The feoB ferrous iron uptake pathway contributes to the intracellular survival of F. tularensis LVS

Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium and the agent of tularemia. During infection, F. tularensis targets the liver and grows extensively within hepatocytes...
Interpersonal Aspects of Agoraphobia:: Therapeutic Implications

Evidence that interpersonal, marital, and family variables are significant factors in the onset and maintenance of Panic Disorder with Agoraphobic symptoms is reviewed. The implications of this evidence for the evaluation of therapy outcome studies are discussed and questions are raised about the interpretation of results of previous studies. Attempts to integrate cognitive-behavioral with marital interventions in the treatment of agoraphobia are described. It is suggested that attempts to broaden the focus of therapy with agoraphobic patients to include dyadic interactions, while helpful, may be insufficient because they ignore cross generational triadic patterns observed to be of significance in agoraphobic problems. Aspects of a multi-level systems approach to information gathering and the design of therapeutic interventions with agoraphobic patients are described and discussed.
EFFICACY OF VARIOUS INSECTICIDES AGAINST BOLLWORMS ON COTTON, 2001

Cotton was planted no-till on 10 May into a Goldsboro sandy loam soil in 38-inch rows in southeastern North Carolina near Trenton. The fertility and herbicide programs followed extension recommendations for cotton in this region. Plot size was 40 ft 4 rows with four replications arranged in a RCB design. Insecticide applications were applied on 31 Jul, 5 and 15 Aug with a backpack-type, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. Twenty five squares and 25 bolls were examined for damage and live bollworms on 14 Aug. On 25 Aug, 25 bolls only were examined for damage and live bollworms. Plots were harvested from the middle two rows with a two-row John Deere picker on 25 Oct. Seed cotton yields were converted to lint cotton/acre using 40% gin turnout. All data were entered into Gylling's Pesticide Research Manager 5.0 software and analyzed via ANOVA and LSD.
Tunneling by 16 Carbons: Planar Bond Shifting in [16]Annulene.

Midsized annulenes are known to undergo rapid π-bond shifting. Given that heavy-atom tunneling plays a role in planar bond shifting of cyclobutadiene, we computationally explored the contribution of heavy-atom tunneling to planar π-bond shifting in the major (CTCTCTCT, 5a) and minor (CTCTTCTT, 6a) known isomers of [16]annulene. UM06-2X/cc-pVDZ calculations yield bond-shifting barriers of ca. 10 kcal/mol. The results also reveal extremely narrow barrier widths, suggesting a high probability of tunneling for these bond-shifting reactions. Rate constants were calculated using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) as well as with small curvature tunneling (SCT) contributions, via direct dynamics. For the major isomer 5a, the computed SCT rate constant for bond shifting at 80 K is 0.16 s–1, corresponding to a half-life of 4.3 s, and indicating that bond shifting is rapid at cryogenic temperatures despite a 10 kcal/mol barrier. This contrasts with the CVT rate constant of 8.0 × 10–15 s–1 at 80 K. ...
Complement Membrane Attack Complexes Assemble NLRP3 Inflammasomes Triggering IL-1 Activation of IFN-γ-Primed Human Endothelium.

Rationale: Complement activation contributes to multiple immune-mediated pathologies. In late allograft failure, donor-specific antibody deposits complement membrane attack complexes (MAC) on graft...
Sex Differences in "Do Not Attempt Resuscitation" Orders After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and the Relationship to Critical Hospital Interventions.

Abstract Purpose Women who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have similar rates of survival to hospital admission as men; however, women are less likely to survive to hospital discharge. We hypothesized that women would have higher rates of “do not attempt resuscitation” (DNAR) orders and that this order would be associated with lower use of aggressive interventions. Methods We identified adult hospital admissions with a diagnosis of cardiac arrest (ICD-9 427.5) from the 2010 California State Inpatient Dataset. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between patient sex and a DNAR order within the first 24 h of admission, adjusting for patient demographic characteristics and comorbid medical conditions. In secondary analysis, procedures performed after establishment of DNAR order and survival to hospital discharge were compared by sex. Findings We analyzed 6562 patients (44% women, 56% men) who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survived to hospital admission. In unadjusted analysis, more women than men had establishment of a DNAR order during the first 24 h of admission (23.4% versus 19.3%; P Implications Female survivors of cardiac arrest are significantly more likely than men to have a DNAR order established within the first 24 h of in-hospital treatment. The establishment of a DNAR order is associated with patients undergoing fewer procedures than individuals who do not have a DNAR order established. Given that patients who have a DNAR order receive less-aggressive intervention after arrest, it is possible that an early DNAR order may contribute to sex differences in survival to hospital discharge.
The Role of Paramedical Personnel in the Field of Clinical Hyperthermia; Past, Present and Future

The use of radiofrequency or microwave induced hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer is still a very new, challenging field. Although much has been learned in the past few years about the use of this modality through clinical trial and error, formal training for physicians and paramedical personnel is very limited. This paper looks at the role of paramedical personnel in the clinic and offers suggestions of formal training regimens to prepare personnel to render safe, effective treatment under the direction of the attending physician.
Fighting words? A reply to my critics

Civil war seems to be at once everywhere and nowhere. By the late twentieth century, as interstate warfare had almost vanished, civil war had become humanity’s most destructive and most characteris...
Optimum design of systems for dynamics and controls using sequential quadratic programming

This paper describes application of a sequential quadratic programming method for dynamic response optimization and optimal control problems. Several methods to treat time-dependent constraints are described
Assays and enumeration of bioaerosols-traditional approaches to modern practices

In recent years, much attention has been drawn to the exposure to bioaerosols in both occupational and indoor environments due to adverse effects on human health. Exposure to these agents may cause...