cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The X-Files and the aesthetics and politics of postmodern pop

The X-Files is generally acclaimed as the television cult hit of the 1990s. Its excursions into the occult, paranormal, and supernatural have touched a responsive chord in an era when belief in the fantastic, aliens, and government conspiracies is accelerating. Featuring the exploits of two FBI agents, Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Armstrong), the series articulates a panorama of contemporary fears, anxieties, and fantasies, drawing on classic figures of the occult, present-day horrors, and political conspiracies as material. It thus uses conventions and iconic figures of media culture and references to contemporary historical individuals and events to comment upon present day issues and to represent salient disturbing aspects of the current era. In so doing, it raises questions concerning dominant institutions, ideologies, and values. In this study, I argue that The X-Files deploys the aesthetics of postmodernism, drawing on its characteristic representational strategies and thematic tropes, and thus can serve as an example of a popular form of postmodernism that engages in pastiche of plot-lines, genre conventions, iconography, folklore, and bits of history found in the forms of previous media culture. Further, in my reading, its implosion of generic boundaries enacts a postmodern subversion of the categories and aesthetic forms of modern media culture; it mixes a heavy style and high seriousness with irony and parody, and its combination of the standard postmodem aesthetic strategies and themes of postmodern culture produces a pop postmodernism that enables us to interrogate both the aesthetics of television and postmodernism. ' I. TELEVISION AESTHETICS
In Reply: Measles: More than the rash.

We thank Dr. Cunha for his comments and appreciate the opportunity to emphasize important points that he highlights. We agree that measles is a systemic illness with important extradermatologic manifestations that are critical to the diagnosis, and that the nondermatologic manifestations often
Glycoside Hydrolases across Environmental Microbial Communities

Across many environments microbial glycoside hydrolases support the enzymatic processing of carbohydrates, a critical function in many ecosystems. Little is known about how the microbial composition of a community and the potential for carbohydrate processing relate to each other. Here, using 1,934 metagenomic datasets, we linked changes in community composition to variation of potential for carbohydrate processing across environments. We were able to show that each ecosystem-type displays a specific potential for carbohydrate utilization. Most of this potential was associated with just 77 bacterial genera. The GH content in bacterial genera is best described by their taxonomic affiliation. Across metagenomes, fluctuations of the microbial community structure and GH potential for carbohydrate utilization were correlated. Our analysis reveals that both deterministic and stochastic processes contribute to the assembly of complex microbial communities.
On the role of material architecture in the mechanical behavior of knitted textiles

Abstract Direct numerical simulations based on three dimensional finite element analysis were performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of knitted textiles at the scale where their manufactured material architecture can be simulated and assessed. A numerical investigation of the effects that the material architecture has on deformation localizations, as well as both in- and out-of-plane displacements is presented. To achieve this, a procedure to numerically synthesize and modify knitted textile geometries is investigated which takes into account yarn-to-yarn interactions, while it further allows meshing used in finite element analyses. Appropriate boundary conditions are applied to avoid unnecessary constraints, while a specific type of interaction definition between yarn surfaces is enforced to remove the effect of contact and friction. Furthermore nonlinear analysis is used to capture the geometrically significant yarn position changes resulting from the flexural motion of the looped knitted textiles. The observed anisotropic effects are explained by examining the load transfer as a function of local material architecture. In addition, both linear and nonlinear material laws are used to study the role of material nonlinearities in the mechanical behavior of this type of material at the length scale of their architecture.
Quantitative approaches to human risk assessment for noncancer health effects.

The estimation of risk for health effects due to chemical exposure is important to the development of standards for regulating the manufacture, use and release of chemicals into the environment. The quantitative data used to develop risk estimates usually come from laboratory animal studies employing relatively high dose levels. Thus, both interpolation from high to low dose levels and extrapolation from laboratory animals to humans are required. The approach most widely used for noncancer end points is to determine the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for the critical effect and then apply uncertainty factors (UFs) to account for scientific uncertainties in the total data base, such as response variability within and between species, the lack of chronic exposure data, the lack of a NOAEL, etc. The resulting value is a reference dose (RfD), i.e., the dose at or below which there is unlikely to be any excess risk. One difficulty with the NOAEL/UF approach is that it does not provide a basis for estimating risk at doses above the RfD; thus, if the exposure assessment indicates that human exposure is above the RfD, there is no way to judge the risk of that exposure. Alternative quantitative approaches for risk estimation of noncancer end points have been proposed and include both statistical and biologically-based dose-response modeling. Research is currently underway to further develop and explore the application of such approaches.
Interassay Comparison of the Tumor Markers CA125, CA15.3, and CA27.29

Background: Cancer antigens 125, 27.29, and 15-3 (CA125, CA27.29, and CA15-3) are markers of ovarian and breast cancer. Comparing tumor marker results across methods is challenging because of the lack of harmonization. Documenting comparability of results is important. Methods: Siemens Advia Centaur CA125 and CA27.29 assays were compared to their corresponding Beckman Coulter DxI CA125 and CA15-3 assays. The interassay bias was determined and the manufacturer-recommended reference intervals were evaluated. Results: The DxI CA125 assay demonstrated an overall positive 29% bias relative to the Centaur CA125 assay. The DxI CA15-3 assay demonstrated an overall negative 65% bias relative to the Centaur CA27.29 assay. For patients with multiple comparisons during the study period, the trend of results over time was similar across both sets of assays. Implementing the manufacturer-recommended reference interval for the DxI CA125 assay increased the abnormal flagging rate by 4.5%. In contrast, implementing the manufacturer-recommended reference interval for the DxI CA15-3 assay decreased the abnormal flagging rate by 13.0%. Conclusions: The overall trends for the majority of patients were similar. Therefore, despite the overall biases, transitioning tumor marker assays should not affect clinical interpretation of results.
Reversal of Hartmann’s Procedure

Typically, reversal of a Hartmann’s procedure is performed 3–6 months following colostomy creation. This interlude allows for the patient’s overall condition to improve, bowel edema to subside, and wounds to heal. This procedure involves restoration of bowel continuity by anastomosis of the colostomy to the Hartmann’s pouch. A temporary loop ileostomy may be fashioned if the bowel quality or anastomosis is questionable. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Hypogenic Caves and Paleokarst of the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma

The Arbuckle Mountains form a small but complex geologic province characterized by thick sequences of intensely folded and faulted carbonates, sandstones, and shales of the Late Cambrian through Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous). Caves, karst, and paleokarst features are abundant in several limestone and dolomite formations. The region hosts a diverse range of settings and mechanisms capable of forming both epigenic and hypogenic caves. Hypogenic features are found in caves throughout the Arbuckles, but most commonly where deformation has been severe. Carbonate dissolution in these areas is aided by the mixing of fresh and saline waters, and by microbial interaction with hydrocarbons. It is probable that more than one process has been involved in forming hypogenic caves and paleokarst.
HOW miRs AND mRNA DEADENYLASES COULD POST-TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATE EXPRESSION OF TUMOR-PROMOTING PROTEIN PLD

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays a key role in both cell membrane lipid reorganization and architecture, as well as a cell signaling protein via the product of its enzymatic reaction, phosphatidic acid (PA). PLD is involved in promoting breast cancer cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis and both gene and protein expression are upregulated in breast carcinoma human samples. In spite of all this, the ultimate reason as to why PLD expression is high in cancer cells vs. their normal counterparts remains largely unknown. Until we understand this and the associated signaling pathways, it will be difficult to establish PLD as a bona fide target to explore new potential cancer therapeutic approaches. Recently, our lab has identified several molecular mechanisms by which PLD expression is high in breast cancer cells and they all involve post-transcriptional control of its mRNA. First, PA, a mitogen, functions as a protein and mRNA stabilizer that counteracts natural decay and degradation. Second, there is a repertoire of microRNAs (miRs) that keep PLD mRNA translation at low levels in normal cells, but their effects change with starvation and during endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. Third, there is a novel way of post-transcriptional regulation of PLD involving 3'-exonucleases, specifically the deadenylase, Poly(A)-specific Ribonuclease (PARN), which tags mRNA for mRNA for degradation. This would enable PLD accumulation and ultimately breast cancer cell growth. We review in depth the emerging field of post-transcriptional regulation of PLD, which is only recently beginning to be understood. Since, surprisingly, so little is known about post-transcriptional regulation of PLD and related phospholipases (PLC or PLA), this new knowledge could help our understanding of how post-transcriptional deregulation of a lipid enzyme expression impacts tumor growth.
Pedestrian Use of Urban Alleys: Analyzing Plans and Surveying Route Choice

Many cities have begun to take advantage of the alleys within their jurisdictions. These cities have developed formal master plans and programs that enhance or “activate” alleys through renovations, and some have started to explore if they can be integrated into the local transportation network. This paper explores how cities have begun to integrate alleys into local transportation networks by assessing local plans, coding and assessing themes, and then conducting a pilot survey to measure the influence the most common components have on pedestrian route choice. It finds that while many plans emphasize sustainability features of alleyways, when individuals are surveyed, they often indicate other factors that drew them there including attractive destinations, public art or activities and the connectivity of these alleys within their existing travel. This offers lessons for how cities can integrate alleys into travel and renovate narrow streets to be more livable.
Research-to-Resource: Self-Assessment and Reflection and Music Educators:

Many researchers, authors, and thinkers submit that a teacher’s self-assessment and personal reflections are the best means to evaluate and improve teacher effectiveness. In addition, several resea...
Atypical Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

We present a case of a 48-year-old male who presented with worsening pleuritic chest pain for 2 h. He also complained of fever, malaise, headache and severe neck pain. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST segment elevation in leads I, II, aVL and V5 with PR elevation and ST depression in aVR. On admission, troponin-I was 14.8 ng/mL. Based on ECG changes, elevated troponin and family history of early coronary artery disease, the patient was emergently taken to cardiac catheterization lab. Angiography showed non-obstructive coronaries, mild hypokinesis of mid inferior and anterolateral wall with ejection fraction (EF) of 40-45%. Based on above presentation and angiography findings, the diagnosis of acute myopericarditis was made. He was started on colchicine and ibuprofen. The other workup to determine etiology of myopericarditis was negative as shown below. Given the history of fever, headache and worsening neck pain, we also became suspicious of meningitis. Lumbar puncture was performed which was negative. On the day of admission, he was found to have blasts on complete blood count and peripheral smear. Bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry confirmed the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). He received induction and salvage therapy. Repeat bone marrow confirmed complete remission and normal cytogenetics. Although pericardial or myocardial biopsies are unavailable for our patient, in the absence of other causes, it does appear that his acute myopericarditis was associated with AML.
Pulse intensity characterization of the LCLS nanosecond double-bunch mode of operation.

The recent demonstration of the `nanosecond double-bunch' operation mode, i.e. two X-ray pulses separated in time between 0.35 and hundreds of nanoseconds and by increments of 0.35 ns, offers new opportunities to investigate ultrafast dynamics in diverse systems of interest. However, in order to reach its full potential, this mode of operation requires the precise characterization of the intensity of each X-ray pulse within each pulse pair for any time separation. Here, a transmissive single-shot diagnostic that achieves this goal for time separations larger than 0.7 ns with a precision better than 5% is presented. It also provides real-time monitoring feedback to help tune the accelerator parameters to deliver double pulse intensity distributions optimized for specific experimental goals.
Societal Philosophies Affecting Habilitation Strategies

We are able to write this book in large part because of recent changes in the larger society and systems-level philosophies regarding how we view and deal with adults with disabilities. The last 20 years have seen tremendous changes and improvements in the life experiences of most adults with disabilities. As stated recently by Lakin and Bruininks (1985): These improvements demonstrate society’s increased concern for furthering integration, individual opportunity and equitable treatment for all citizens. For handicapped citizens and their families, social advances have been reflected in an evolving, more progressive philosophy toward integrating handicapped individuals into society, toward reorganizing and extending their legal rights, and toward substantially increasing public support for educational, residential, income maintenance, training, and other essential services. (p. 3)
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Memory Systems Performance and Correctness

We are pleased to present the proceedings of the 2011 Workshop on Memory Systems Performance and Correctness (MSPC 2011). Continuing the previous five successful workshops, MSPC 2011 provides a forum for publishing and discussing the implications of the changes to both memory performance and correctness on various multi- and many-core systems---from supercomputers to servers to mobile devices---and the related software and hardware innovations. It fosters collaboration among researchers in a range of fields including compilers, memory management, programming languages, architecture, operating systems, performance evaluation, and workload characterization. Among 30 submissions we received, 25 were complete, which consist of 21 position papers and 4 position abstracts. Each paper received three reviews from the program committee. Through online discussions from April 21 to 28, the program committee selected the 10 position papers and 2 position abstracts in these proceedings. The final program contains papers covering a broad range of topics related with the new challenges in memory systems performance and correctness. In addition to the papers, we are fortunate to include a keynote talk (joint with ISMM) from Onur Mutlu on memory systems in the many-core era.
Il punto di vista invariantivo nella meccanica dei corpi continui

Le ricerche recenti della scuola americana che trattano il comportamento dei materiali non-lineari si basano su tre principi fondamentali. Principio del determinismo: le tensioni attuali risultano dalla esperienza complessiva del corpo. Principio dell’azione contigua: solo la deformazione locale nel passato entra nell’applicazione del principio del determinismo. Principio di indifferenza materiale: il comportamento di un materiale e invariante per ogni osservatore. Dal funzionale stesso che esprime il primo principio, segue, coll’aiuto del terzo, l’esistenza di un «gruppo di isotropia» per ogni materiale. Questo gruppo definisce la natura del materiale come fluido, solido, o neutro. Dalla natura di questo gruppo si possono dedurre delle soluzioni esatte, per esempio per tutti i problemi di viscosimetria in un fluido visco-elastico e ereditario. Altre ricerche applicano questi ed ulteriori principi di invarianza all’impostazione razionale di teorie dei corpi orientati e delle miscele.
Del triángulo heterosexual al triángulo plurisexual. Infidelidad (y) política en novelas de Jorge Edwards y Pablo Simonetti

Jorge Edwards (1931), one of the most prominent members of the Generacion of 1950, and Pablo Simonetti (1961), who belongs to one of the latest literary generations in Chile, explore in their respective novels ;El origen del mundo ; (1996), and ;La razon de los amantes ; (2007), the subject of the love triangle in two periods of Chilean history. Edwards' novel is set in the Chilean exile in Paris, in the beginning of the 90's, as democracy starts to consolidate after the Pinochet dictatorship. Simonetti's novel takes place at the beginning of the year 2000, during the international stock exchange crisis and the process of democratic consolidation. Not only political conditions have changed in both periods, but the contents of both love triangles as well: Edwards' one is heterosexual; Simonetti's comprehends hetero-, bi- and homosexual relationships. The intertextuality of both novels explores values of Chilean society as well as levels of tolerance in the new democracy.
Flatulence, Filth, and Urban Form: Do Primes for Hygiene Influence Perceptions of Urban Density?:

This paper examines whether hygiene priming influences urban density perceptions. Research shows many perceptions are influenced by priming, an implicit memory effect wherein exposure to one stimul...
Tandem Orthotopic Living Donor Liver Transplantation Followed by Same Donor Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for DOCK8 Deficiency.

BACKGROUND An 11-year-old girl with dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency was proposed for potentially curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the donor being her haploidentical mother. However, end-stage liver disease caused by chronic Cryptosporidium infection required liver transplantation before HSCT. METHODS Consequently, a staged approach of a sequential liver transplant followed by a HSCT was planned with her mother as the donor for both liver and HSCT. RESULTS The patient successfully underwent a left-lobe orthotopic liver transplant; however, she developed a biliary leak delaying the HSCT. Notably, the recipient demonstrated 3% donor lymphocyte chimerism in her peripheral blood immediately before HSCT. Haploidentical-related donor HSCT performed 2 months after liver transplantation was complicated by the development of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus viremia, primary graft failure, and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. The patient died from sinusoidal obstruction syndrome-associated multiorgan failure with Candida sepsis on day +40 following HSCT. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the many considerations inherent to planning for HSCT preceded by liver transplant in patients with primary immunodeficiencies, including the role of prolonged immunosuppression and the risk of infection before immune reconstitution. We also discuss the implications of potential recipient sensitization against donor stem cells precipitated by exposure of the recipient to the donor lymphocytes from the transplanted organ.
Preserving Film Preservation from the Right of Publicity

Emerging digital tools are enabling movie studios to "reanimate" living and deceased actors for inclusion in new creative works. In addition, these same tools will also offer opportunities for preserving and restoring existing movies that have been heavily damaged. Digital restoration of existing film stock, thus, provides an important contribution to preservation and distribution of culture. Recently, however, actors have begun pushing for more expansive rights of publicity to prevent nonconsensual uses of their likenesses in newly created works. But whatever the merits of those arguments, publicity rights should not be allowed to stymie restoration and distribution of already created films. We argue that courts and legislators must find that the First Amendment, copyright law, and general principles of public policy restrain the assertion of publicity rights against film preservation and restoration.
A Data-Driven Network Intrusion Detection Model Based on Host Clustering and Integrated Learning: A Case Study on Botnet Detection.

The traditional machine learning based network intrusion detection system (NIDS) is based on training a model using known network traffic for selected attacks, and testing it on the unknown network traffic of the same attacks. Evaluating machine learning based IDS with new attack traffic that is different from that training set is rare. With a large amount of network traffic generated every second, it is tough to gather all the traffic then train a model. In this research, we designed and developed an intrusion detection model by treating a network as a community. Based on the traffic behaviors, we first developed a host clustering algorithm to group the hosts into clusters and unique hosts. Then, we developed an integrated learning algorithm to integrate model-based learning derived from host clusters, and instance-based learning obtained from individual hosts. We evaluated the intrusion detection model on the CTU-13 data set which is a botnet attack data set. The results show that our model is more robust and effective for network intrusion detection and gains an average 100% detection rate, with a 0% false positive rate on detecting known attack traffic, and 98.2% detection rate on identifying new Botnet attack traffic.
The Development of the Inertial Rapid Geodetic* Survey System at USAETL

This paper addresses the development of an inertial navigation system into a land-based geodetic survey system by the United States Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories from the Position and Azim...
A Multiplatform Inversion Estimation of Statewide and Regional Methane Emissions in California during 2014–2016

California methane (CH4) emissions are quantified for three years from two tower networks and one aircraft campaign. We used backward trajectory simulations and a mesoscale Bayesian inverse model, ...
Standardizing community benefit between not-for-profit and investor-owned hospitals

This research investigates whether investor-owned (IO) hospitals provide equivalent charity care as not-for-profit (NFP) hospitals in a reduced uncompensated care environment (post Affordable Care ...
Reactive oxygen species and cancer

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were once considered only as a toxic by-product of aerobic metabolism. Many studies done in the past several decades, however, revealed that ROS have necessary physiological and pathological functions. In the context of cancer, there has been a persistent interest in whether ROS have a tumor-supportive or a tumor-suppressive role. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) conducts signaling pathways essential for the survival, proliferation, and metastasis of cancer cells. H2O2, however, can also induce the production of cytotoxic lipid ROS and trigger cancer cell death, such as ferroptosis. As a result, cancer cells increase not only the rate of H2O2 production to hyperactivate the protumorigenic signaling but also their antioxidant capacity to evade the lipid ROS-induced cell death. This unique reliance of cancer cells on both the pro- and antioxidative capacities may provide opportunities to specifically target them via ROS manipulation. In this chapter, we review the major findings that lead to the current understanding of the redox environment in cancer cells and the strategies of redox therapies against cancer.
Structural Relations between Motivations and Site Attribute Preferences of Florida National Scenic Trail Visitors

Setting characteristics and recreation experience opportunities differ among long distance scenic trails in the U.S. Context and location specific information of how users’ motivations relate to site attribute preferences can help managers provide satisfying experiences to diverse visitors. This study examines users’ motivations and site attribute preferences in the context of parks and recreation areas along a long-distance scenic trail in Florida, United States. This research has two major components that distinguish it from past research. First, it focuses on a national scenic trail that is not a classic isolated wilderness-type trail. The Florida National Scenic Trail (FNST) traverses Florida, the third most populous state in the U.S. and the eighth most densely populated according to 2018 U.S. Census Bureau projections. Although visitors do “through hike” the FNST, sections of the Florida Trail attract a potentially diverse audience desiring varied recreation opportunities, including wilderness experiences. Second, this study not only identifies salient dimensions of recreation motivations and site attribute preferences; it also uses structural equation modeling to examine the relationships between different dimensions of motivations and destination attribute preferences.Multivariate analysis revealed five dimensions of motivations (Nature and Scenery, Solitude, Fitness and Escape, Social Interaction, Skills Development) and four dimensions of site attribute preferences (Quality Nature, Convenience, Arts and Culture, Consumptive). Structural analysis revealed that the Nature and Scenery and Solitude motivations positively affected Quality Nature preference, Fitness and Escape affected Convenience, and Skills Development affected Arts and Culture and Consumptive attributes. The Social Interaction motivation was not related to preference for any of the site attributes considered in this study. The results indicate how setting characteristics affect opportunities for unique experiences. Specifically, infrastructure like maintaining access and parking for users enhances opportunities for new types of users to the FNST. Managers should bear in mind the distinct relationships between motivations and destination preferences when managing and marketing specific recreation areas. For instance, offering opportunities for fitness and escape in natural areas while keeping in mind the value of convenience for visitors could enhance visitors’ experiences. Subscribe to JPRA
Maturing Out of Alcohol Use in Young Adulthood: Latent Class Growth Trajectories and Concurrent Young Adult Correlates.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraindividual variation in "maturing out" of alcohol use by using latent class growth trajectories of alcohol use from adolescence (age 17 years) through young adulthood (age 33 years). We also modeled trajectory group differences with regard to concurrent, age-relevant domains of substance use, health (e.g., physical health rating, sleep problems), interpersonal functioning (e.g., conflict with partner), and occupational functioning (e.g., intrinsic motivation). Methods Growth mixture modeling was used with a sample of 1,004 adolescents/young adults, and 3 trajectory groups were identified as follows: (i) a Normative Use group (n = 646) with low alcohol use remaining stable from adolescence to young adulthood; (ii) a Moderate Increase group (n = 300) with moderate alcohol use increasing slowly from adolescence to emergent adulthood (age 23 years) and then decreasing slightly from emergent adulthood to young adulthood (age 33 years); and (iii) a High Increase group (n = 58) with a high, increasing pattern of alcohol use from adolescence to emergent adulthood and then a small decrease in use from emergent adulthood to young adulthood. Results At age 33 years, trajectory groups differed, with High and Moderate Increase groups differing significantly from the Normative Use group in current alcohol and other substance use and other risk factors (e.g., friends' alcohol use). Furthermore, the High and Moderate Increase groups differed from the Normative Use group on indicators of health (poorer sleep and more sleep problems), social functioning (higher partner and work-family conflict), and occupational functioning (lower intrinsic work motivation). Conclusions These findings suggest that trajectory group membership in alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood is associated with the domains of substance use, health, and social and occupational functioning. Furthermore, the findings suggest that maturing out applies primarily to a subset of those individuals at moderate to higher levels of alcohol use.
Microvascular Injury in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Accelerates Alzheimer-like Pathogenesis in Mice

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered as the most robust environmental risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides direct neuronal injury and neuroinflammation, vascular impairment is also a hallmark event of the pathological cascade after TBI. However, the vascular connection between TBI and subsequent AD pathogenesis remains underexplored. Methods We established a closed-head mild TBI (mTBI) model in mice with controlled cortical impact, and examined the time courses of microvascular injury, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, gliosis and motor function impairment in wild type C57BL/6 mice. We also determined the brain clearance of β-amyloid, as well as amyloid pathology and cognitive functions after mTBI in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Results mTBI induced microvascular injury with BBB breakdown, pericyte loss and cerebral blood flow reduction in mice, which preceded gliosis. mTBI also impaired brain amyloid clearance via the vascular pathways. More importantly, mTBI accelerated amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in the 5xFAD mice. Discussion Our data demonstrated that microvascular injury plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD after mTBI. Therefore, restoring vascular functions might be beneficial for patients with mTBI, and potentially reduce the risk of developing AD.
Novel features for art movement classification of portrait paintings

Abstract The increasing availability of extensive digitized fine art collections opens up new research directions. In particular, correctly identifying the artistic style or art movement of paintings is crucial for large artistic database indexing, painter authentication, and mobile recognition of painters. Even though the implementation of CNN on artwork classification improved the performance dramatically compared to tradition classifier, the feature extraction methods are still valuable to help establishing better image representation for both common classifiers and neural networks. The main goal of this article is to present three novel features and a mature model structure for artistic movement recognition of portrait paintings. The proposed features include two unique color features and one texture feature: (a) Modified Color Distance (MCD), (b) ColorRatio Feature and (c) Weber's law Based Texture Feature. We demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over the state-of-the-art approaches, and how successful our features are to support features from various neural networks. Another contribution of our work is a new portrait database that consists of 927 paintings from 6 different art movements. Extensive computer evaluations on this database show that we achieved an average accuracy of 98% for classifying two categories and 82.6% for classifying all 6 categories. Besides, our novel features improved the performance of pre-trained CNN significantly.
Robotic Rectus Abdominis Muscle Flap following Robotic Extirpative Surgery.

SUMMARY Vascularized tissue for obliteration of large pelvic dead spaces created by extirpative surgery has been shown to reduce complication rates. As more extensive resections are performed robotically, plastic surgeons have been challenged to reconstruct the resulting defects using a minimally invasive approach. The goal of this study was to report the authors' experience with robotic harvest of the rectus abdominis muscle for reconstruction of pelvic defects. The authors conducted a retrospective case series of patients who underwent robotic flap harvest following robotic extirpative surgery at their institution. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and postoperative outcomes were collected. These were compared to a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent open rectus abdominis muscle harvest. The authors identified seven male patients who underwent robotic flap harvest for pelvic reconstruction between 2013 and 2019. Their mean age was 66 ± 6 years and mean body mass index was 31 ± 5 kg/m2. Six patients (86 percent) had a history of radiation therapy and five patients (71 percent) received hormone therapy or chemotherapy. Surgical-site complications occurred in two patients. One patient developed ventral hernia. The donor-site complication rate was 19 percent (n = 18) in patients who underwent open rectus abdominis muscle harvest (n = 95). This study demonstrates the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of robotic harvest of the rectus abdominis muscle in complex, multidisciplinary, minimally invasive pelvic surgery. The technique avoids violation of the anterior rectus sheath and wound complications related to open flap harvest, and early experience suggests reduced donor-site morbidity. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.
Principles of Curriculum Revision in Physical Education

(1942). Principles of Curriculum Revision in Physical Education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 448-490.
Holt-Oram Syndrome and the TBX5 Transcription Factor in Cardiogenesis

The lives of 3% of newborn infants are threatened by serious birth defects, and of these, congenital cardiac malformations are the most common and affect between 0.5 and 1% of all live births (1). Congenital cardiac structural anomalies that are not immediately life-threatening, including bicuspid aortic valve, mitral valve prolapse, and self-resolving ventricular septal defects, occur in more than 5% of live births (2– 4). Despite a reported 92% sensitivity for fetal echocardiography of high risk patients in the hands of experienced investigators, congenital structural heart disease remains among the most frequently undiagnosed anomalies by current prenatal evaluations. The recognition of an association between macroscopic karyotypic abnormalities such as trisomies of chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 and complex cardiac syndromes including malformation of the ventricular and atrial septa has permitted improved sensitivity of prenatal detection for congenital heart disease by cytogenetic studies. In some cases, such as deletions and rearrangements of chromosome 22 in individuals with velocardiofacial syndrome, cytogenetic analyses have also provided important clinical information about microscopic karyotypic abnormalities. However, definitive diagnosis of congenital heart disease remains elusive and awaits determination of molecular genetic etio4s. The advent of genome mapping and improved techniques of linkage analysis and positional cloning have been applied to simple congenital heart disease in humans. Chromosomal loci and genes (3) have been assigned to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, supravalvular aortic stenosis and Marfan syndrome. However, given a 25–45% risk of extracardiac defects in the setting of cardiac malformation, molecular genetic analysis of complex congenital heart disease remains an issue with significant clinical consequences. Over the past year, we and other investigators have employed such experimental tools to identify the gene defects in Holt-Oram syndrome (5), Alagille syndrome (6), situs inversus / visceral heterotaxy (7), and atrial septal defects with progressive atrioventricular block (8). In this chapter, we will focus on the identification of the TBX5 transcription factor as the mutated gene in Holt-Oram syndrome and the contribution of TBX5 to human cardiac septation and isomerism.
The Failed Century of the Child: Juvenile Justice: From “Child Saving” to “Public Accountability”

When twentieth-century American governments tried to control the mis-behavior and crime of children, they did not assume new state duties. Organized societies had always created systems of rules and punishments. Juvenile justice, therefore, provides an appropriate topic with which to begin analysis of childhood policy. A desire to maintain order linked twentieth-century officials with their predecessors through the millennia. Between 1900 and 2000, in addition, children's bad behavior followed predictable patterns. Male adolescents, proportionally, were greater lawbreakers than any other segment of society, five times more likely than were girls to be arrested. Moreover, young criminals were primarily thieves. In this, they repeated the actions of their fellows in other eras and in other societies, as did the alarmed responses of adults. That reaction was predictable. With reason, almost all societies have treated young, unmarried males as threats to social stability. They were – and are. However, the ways that American governments responded in the twentieth century to the need to make adolescents obey the rules moved into uncharted territory. The juvenile court was an American creation, which no other country embraced so enthusiastically. And while it was a new bureaucratic manifestation of an old state function, it mirrored larger developments: the rise of social science, the legal profession's unprecedented growth, adult concerns about the threats posed by the very adolescent peer cultures that public policy's separations of children into age-specific categories encouraged, and finally, public reaction to the fact that minorities – who by mid-century had far greater access to guns – committed a disproportionate number of crimes.
Elbow and Hand Muscle Strength are not Affected by Head-Neck Position

This investigation was conducted to examine the influence of head and neck (H-N) position in the transverse plane on the static muscle strength of elbow flexion and extension and hand grip. Subjects were 36 apparently healthy young females (23-36 years). Strength was measured instrumentally. The strength of each action was measured twice on both sides on each of two days about one week apart. Separate analysis of variance procedures applied to each action of each side (eg left hand grip) demonstrated no significant effect of H-N position, trial, or day. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) showed intertrial and interday reliability to be high (ICCs = 0.96 - 0.99). This study provides no evidence that H-N position needs to be considered when testing the upper extremity strength of neurologically intact women. The study confirms the reliability of both hand-held and hand grip dynamometry.
Etiologies of Intracerebral Hemorrhages from 2009-2012 at Mayo Clinic-Rochester (I2-1.008)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the etiology of non-traumatic, primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients admitted to a tertiary care center over a recent 4-year period. BACKGROUND: Despite improved hypertension treatment, recent large population-based studies have not shown a change in the incidence of ICH, but the demographics of those with ICH has shifted with more bleeds in the elderly population. This change has been attributed to widespread use of antithrombotic medications and/or amyloid angiopathy (AA). DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all adult patients admitted to our institution with an ICH from 2009-2012. Hemorrhages due to structural lesions were excluded. Demographic data extracted included age, history of hypertension, and use of antithrombotic medications. Imaging studies were reviewed to determine hemorrhage location and presence and location of any microhemorrhages. Hemorrhage etiologies were classified using a predetermined algorithm. RESULTS: From 2009-2012, 292 patients were admitted with an acute ICH. Median age was 74 years (range 18-101), and 52% were male (n=151). Hemorrhage etiologies were: hypertension, 50.6% (n=148), indeterminate, 29.5% (n=86), and AA, 19.9% (n=58). The majority of patients were on antithrombotic medications (61.3%, n=179). Nearly half of patients (49%) were 蠅75-years old, and the most common etiology in this age group was hypertension (n=77, 53%). There was a non-significant trend towards older age in patients with AA-ICH (median age 77, IQR 70-82) compared to other causes (median age 74, IQR 61-82, p=0.07). The proportion of patients taking anticoagulants was not different between patients with AA-ICH (n=14, 24%) and patients with other causes (n=57, 25%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common etiology of ICH in this large single-center study was hypertension, regardless of age. Our findings did not confirm that ICH in older patients or in patients with AA-induced ICH is due to a higher frequency of anticoagulant use. Study Supported by: None Disclosure: Dr. Klaas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Braksick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brown has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rabinstein has received royalty payments from Elsevier and Oxford. Dr. Rabinstein has received research support from DJO Global. Dr. Fugate has nothing to disclose.
Heeding the hormonal call

Biologists have long been puzzled by an apparent mismatch between the sensitivity of the auditory system of the female midshipman fish to courtship vocalizations by the male. In his Perspective, Zakon reveals that the sensitivity of the female9s auditory system is tuned by the steroid hormone estrogen so that the female is most responsive to male mating calls during the mating season ( Sisneros et al.).
Bit synchronization of differentially detected MSK and GMSK

The filter-square bit synchronizer has been previously proposed and shown to give near optimum performance for coherent PSK systems. In this paper, the same bit synchronization scheme is analyzed for a differentially detected GMSK system. It is shown that the filter-square bit synchronizer can successfully work in a differential phase detection receiver. By making linear approximations appropriate for high loop signal-to-noise ratio operation (the usual case of interest in tracking), it is demonstrated that the mean-square bit sync jitter of differentially detected GMSK system reveals striking similarities both qualitatively and quantitatively in comparison with that of a coherent PSK system.
Modeling of non-uniformity losses in integrated large-area solar cell modules

We present numerical modeling of realistically nonuniform large-area thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules using PSpice software. Each module is represented as a set of sub-cells with individual PV parameters fluctuating. We simulated the module current-voltage characteristic for different statistical and geometrical parameter distributions. We found that i) Geometrical distribution of nonuniformities across the module has only a minor effect on its efficiency; ii) Module statistical characteristics exhibit non-trivial scaling dependencies vs. module size; iii) Fora given parameter distribution relative mismatch loss is independent of the module size; iv) Elements of low resistance strongly interfere with nonuniformity effects offering a possibility to optimize combined nonuniformity and ohmic losses.
Insights from the BRAVO study on nesting global models to specify boundary conditions in regional air quality modeling simulations

Abstract Regional air quality simulations used for source apportionment must consider the role of boundary conditions on estimated species concentrations. This technical note, as part of the Big Bend Regional Aerosol and Visibility and Observational (BRAVO) Study, examines how sulfate concentrations simulated by the Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD) were influenced by two sets of sulfur boundary conditions: (1) spatially invariant lateral boundary conditions, in which sulfur levels were fixed in space on all four boundaries, and (2) boundary conditions derived from Georgia Tech/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation Transport Model (GOCART), resulting in sulfur levels that varied spatially. A series of REMSAD simulations were evaluated, and used to apportion sulfate compounds at Big Bend National Park (NP) in southwestern Texas. The spatially invariant boundary conditions specified sulfur dioxide and particulate sulfate mixing ratios near the surface at 200 and 280 ppt, respectively, and dropped to 50 and 70 ppt, respectively, at the highest model layer. The GOCART-derived boundary conditions, however, could be considerably higher or lower, e.g., sulfur dioxide mixing ratios ranging from 2000 ppt along the highly populated northeastern portion of the boundary to less than 10 ppt in the upper model layers. The introduction of the spatially varying GOCART sulfur mixing ratios resulted in a modest overall improvement in the ability of REMSAD to simulate regional sulfate concentrations (an improvement from 48% to 45% and 32% to 21% in normalized error and normalized bias, respectively). However, the sulfate source apportionment at Big Bend NP, a relatively remote area of North America, was significantly influenced, with the estimated contribution of boundary conditions to sulfate levels during the four-month study decreasing from 20% using the original boundary conditions to 7% using the GOCART-derived boundary conditions. This effect was even more pronounced during the 20% clearest days at Big Bend, with 25% of sulfate attributed to the spatially invariant boundary conditions vs. 10% of sulfate attributed to the GOCART-derived boundary conditions. These results do not represent a formal sensitivity study on the role of different boundary condition scenarios as year-specific, temporally varying concentrations were not available during the tightly scheduled BRAVO study. However, the results do indicate the benefits and necessity of incorporating global-scale models to specify boundary conditions in regional-scale air quality model simulations.
Physical activity behaviors in individuals with multiple sclerosis: roles of overall and specific symptoms, and self-efficacy.

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a large reduction in physical activity behavior, and emerging evidence indicates that this reduction might be correlated with symptoms and self-efficacy. The present study examined the nature of the associations among MS-related symptoms, exercise self-efficacy, and physical activity behavior in 80 individuals with a definite diagnosis of MS. Participants completed a measure of MS-related symptoms and self-efficacy and then wore an accelerometer for seven days. Both the frequency of overall symptoms and the frequency of motor symptoms had significant moderate inverse relationships with physical activity behavior (r=−0.47, P