cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive scanning optical microscope: large field of view and high-resolution imaging using a MEMS deformable mirror

For a wide range of applications in biology, medicine, and manufacturing, the small field of view associated with high resolution microscope systems poses a significant challenge in practice. This paper describes an optical microscope design, called the Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM), which uses a MEMS deformable mirror working with a specially designed scanning lens to achieve a greatly expanded field of view. Most adaptive optics systems (e.g. telescopes and ophthalmology instruments) are designed to achieve near ideal performance under nominal operating conditions and primarily use the adaptive optics element to compensate for a time varying disturbance to the wavefront that is external to the optical system. In contrast to this approach, the deformable mirror in the ASOM is an integral component of the optical system and the static (glass) optical elements have been specifically designed to match the shape correcting capabilities of the deformable mirror. Using a high speed steering mirror coordinated with the deformable mirror actuation voltages, the ASOM operates by scanning over the workspace and should achieve diffraction limited imaging over a region approximately two orders of magnitude larger in area than a traditional microscope design. With the rapid scanning capabilities allowed by the high speed steering mirror and by acquiring a complete image during each exposure, the ASOM offers advantages in dynamically reconfigurable and adaptable imaging with no agitation to the workspace. After describing the design and operating principle of the ASOM, we present results from a low cost ASOM prototype.
Methamphetamine self-administration causes persistent striatal dopaminergic alterations and mitigates the deficits caused by a subsequent methamphetamine exposure

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that repeated methamphetamine (METH) injections (referred to herein as a “binge” treatment) cause persistent dopaminergic deficits. A few studies have also examined the persistent neurochemical impact of METH self-administration in rats, but with variable results. These latter studies are important because: 1) they have relevance to the study of METH abuse; and 2) the effects of noncontingent METH treatment do not necessarily predict effects of contingent exposure. Accordingly, the present study investigated the impact of METH self-administration on dopaminergic neuronal function. Results revealed that self-administration of METH, given according to a regimen that produces brain METH levels comparable with those reported postmortem in human METH abusers (0.06 mg/infusion; 8-h sessions for 7 days), decreased striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake and/or immunoreactivity as assessed 8 or 30 days after the last self-administration session. Increasing the METH dose per infusion did not exacerbate these deficits. These deficits were similar in magnitude to decreases in DAT densities reported in imaging studies of abstinent METH abusers. It is noteworthy that METH self-administration mitigated the persistent deficits in dopaminergic neuronal function, as well as the increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, caused by a subsequent binge METH exposure. This protection was independent of alterations in METH pharmacokinetics, but may have been attributable (at least in part) to a pretreatment-induced attenuation of binge-induced hyperthermia. Taken together, these results may provide insight into the neurochemical deficits reported in human METH abusers.
PD-L1 EXPRESSION IS CHARACTERISTIC OF A SUBSET OF AGGRESSIVE B-CELL LYMPHOMAS AND VIRUS-ASSOCIATED MALIGNANCIES

Purpose: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immunomodulatory molecule expressed by antigen-presenting cells and select tumors that engages receptors on T cells to inhibit T-cell immunity. Immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have shown durable antitumor effects in a subset of patients with solid tumors. PD-L1 can be expressed by Reed–Sternberg cells comprising classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and by malignant B cells comprising EBV-positive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). We sought to determine whether the expression of PD-L1 represents a general strategy of immune evasion among aggressive B-cell lymphomas and virus- and immunodeficiency-associated tumors. Experimental Design: Using novel antibodies and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue biopsies, we examined 237 primary tumors for expression of PD-L1. Results: Robust PD-L1 protein expression was found in the majority of nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity CHL, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma, EBV-positive and -negative PTLD, and EBV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), plasmablastic lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and HHV8-associated primary effusion lymphoma. Within these tumors, PD-L1 was highly expressed by malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating macrophages. In contrast, neither the malignant nor the nonmalignant cells comprising nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, DLBCL-not otherwise specified, Burkitt lymphoma, and HHV8-associated Kaposi sarcoma expressed detectable PD-L1. Conclusion: Certain aggressive B-cell lymphomas and virus- and immunodeficiency-associated malignancies associated with an ineffective T-cell immune response express PD-L1 on tumor cells and infiltrating macrophages. These results identify a group of neoplasms that should be considered for PD-1/PD-L1-directed therapies, and validate methods to detect PD-L1 in FFPE tissue biopsies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(13); 3462–73. ©2013 AACR .
Two-phase hydrodynamics in a miniature direct methanol fuel cell

We present controlled experiments on a miniature direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) to study the effects of methanol flow rate, current density, and void fraction on pressure drop across the DMFC anode. We also present an experimental technique to measure void fraction, liquid slug length, and velocity of the two-phase slug flow exiting the DMFC. For our channel geometry in which the diameter of the largest inscribed sphere (a) is 500 μm, pressure drop scales with the number of gas slugs in the channel, surface tension, and a. This scaling demonstrates the importance of capillary forces in determining the hydrodynamic characteristics of the DMFC anode. This work is aimed at aiding the design of fuel pumps and anode flow channels for miniature DMFC systems.
Explaining the Democratic Peace

I am grateful for the opportunity to respond to the rejoinders to my article, “The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory” (Rosato 2003). In each case, I summarize the core issues at stake and explain why I do not believe that my critics have succeeded in casting serious doubt on my original argument.
Simultaneous piston position and tilt angle sensing for large vertical displacement micromirrors by frequency detection inductive sensing

This paper presents a frequency detection based inductive eddy current sensing mechanism to simultaneously sense the piston position and tilt angle of the mirror plate of large vertical displacement micromirrors that exhibit piston scan ranges above 100 μm. This is accomplished by sensing the inductance change, and thus resonant frequency shift, of two microfabricated sensing coils packaged underneath the mirror plate. For demonstration purpose, the coils were paired with discrete circuit components to oscillate at 11.9 MHz and 12.5 MHz, respectively. The piston position and tilt angle of the mirror plate could be simultaneously monitored over a 500 μm piston scan range, achieving a maximum piston sensitivity of 4.15 kHz/μm with a piston sensing resolution of 96 nm and a maximum tilt angle sensitivity of 60.5 kHz/° with a tilt angle sensing resolution of 0.0013°. Analytical modeling of the coil inductance change via image theory was also conducted, showing that the sensor sensitivity and resolution could ...
Analysis of perinotochordal materials. 2. Studies on the influence of proteoglycans in somite chondrogenesis.

Notochordal proteoglycans influence somite chondrogenesis. In earlier work we learned that notochord cultured under improved conditions for 8 days contains three different classes of proteoglycans (Vasan, 1981). The question was whether these three different classes of perinotochordal proteoglycan molecules, are necessary for inducing somite chondrogenesis. When the notochords were exposed to substances causing metabolic alterations (BUdR, excess vitamin A, and hyaluronic acid), only small proteoglycans accumulated in the perinotochordal sheath. Such treated notochords or the proteoglycans extracted from them failed to support somite chondrogenesis, suggesting that the large aggregate in the perinotochordal matrix may be necessary for somite induction. Adding a crude proteoglycan prepared from embryonic sternal cartilage increased the induction of chondrogenesis in somites, but papain treatment of the proteoglycan diminished its inductive capacity. Thisresult further suggests that large aggregate proteoglycan may be necessary for the tissue interactions that promote chondrogenesis.
Slip Resistance of Ti-Based High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Titanium with Nb, Zr, and Ta alloying substitutions possesses high plastic slip resistance and high transformation strains upon bcc (β) to orthorhombic $$(\alpha^{\prime\prime})$$ transformation. In the current study, we determine the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for slip in Ti alloyed for a wide composition range of Nb, Ta, and Zr. The CRSS is obtained with a proposed Peierls–Nabarro formalism incorporating the generalized stacking fault energy barrier profile for slip obtained from the first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The CRSS for slip of the orthorhombic martensite increases from 80 to 280 MPa linearly with increasing unstable fault energy. The addition of tantalum is most effective in raising the energy barriers. We also demonstrate the composition dependence of the lattice parameters of both β and $$\alpha^{\prime\prime}$$ crystal structures as a function of Nb, Ta, and Zr additions showing agreement with experiments. Using the lattice constants, the transformation strain is determined as high as 11 % in the [011] pole and its magnitude increases mainly with Zr addition.
Weight-related social control and relationship quality: Accuracy and bias effects

The purpose of this study was to investigate accuracy and bias effects in partners' reports and perceptions of diet- and exercise-related social control in conjunction with their relationship satisfaction. Actor–partner interdependence mediation models (APIMeM) were used to examine the reports of diet- and exercise-related social control in 192 couples. In line with the accuracy and bias framework, we found that couples are accurate and biased with regard to their social control attempts and that accuracy and bias were associated with relationship satisfaction for positive social control. Individuals also reported greater relationship satisfaction when they reported using less negative social control and when they perceived more positive social control from their partners. These findings provide corroboration for self-reports of social influence in close relationships while simultaneously demonstrating bias in perceptions of partners’ social control and highlighting concurrent associations with people’s r...
Brood Rearing in Honeybee Colonies from Late Autumn to Early Spring

SummaryFrom November to March in three consecutive winters, experimental colonies of honeybees were killed; eggs, larvae and pupae in them were counted, and adult bees were weighed. The average number of adult bees declined steadily from 20 800 in November to 12 000 in March. The amount of brood in the colonies was small prior to the winter solstice, but increased rapidly afterwards. It is believed that the brood-rearing cycle in the honeybee is controlled, at any rate in part, by changes in daylength.
Liquid chromatographic method for determination of water in soils

Abstract A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid Chromatographic (LC) method for the determination of water in soils was developed. In this method, water is extracted from soil with anhydrous methanol and injected into an LC system including a cation‐exchange column in the H form. The eluent is 1.0 mM transcinnamaldehyde in acetonitrile‐methanol (40:60). The detection scheme is based on the effect of water on the equilibrium established when trans‐cinnamaldehyde and methanol react in the H+ column to form cinnamaldehyde dimethylacetal and water. The equilibrium of the reaction is shifted towards the trans‐cinnamaldehyde (absorbs strongly at the detection wavelength, 300 nm) when water is introduced into the column. The extent of the shift and the resulting change in absorbance at 300 nm are proportional to the amount of water present. Application of the method to a wide range of soils and of clay minerals containing from 0.7 to 25% water showed that the results of the LC method agreed closely with those of ...
ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF C60 AND TERT-BUTYL-C60 RADICAL

The rate constants of electron transfer from C60•- and C602- to electron acceptors such as allyl halides and manganese(III) dodecaphenylporphyrin are correlated with those from semiquinone radical ...
The Background of The Articles of Confederation

In the summer of 1776, during initial debates over the Articles of Confederation, John Witherspoon, the learned president of Princeton University and a delegate to the second Continental Congress from New Jersey, reflected upon the astonishing events of the previous two years. "Honour, interest, safety and necessity," he observed, had conspired to produce "such a degree of union through these colonies, as nobody would have prophesied, and hardly any would have expected." As a result of this startling development, Witherspoon declared, it had suddenly become clear that "a well planned confederacy among the states of America" would contribute enormously to "their future security and improvement." "A lasting confederacy," he predicted, would not only "hand down the blessings of peace and public order to many generations" of Americans; it would also serve as a model and inspiration for the rest of the civilized world which, he hoped, might eventually "see it prosper by some plan of union, to perpetuate security and peace" over large portions of the globe.' That Witherspoon was not alone in his surprise at the unity achieved by the colonies in their resistance to Britain between 1774 and 1776 or in his
Clinical Practice of Cognitive Therapy With Children and Adolescents: The Nuts and Bolts.

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Vol. 42 - N° 3 - p. 376
Coordination of a hemilabile pincer ligand with an olefinic backbone to mid-to-late transition metals.

The coordination chemistry of a neutral tPCH═CHP pincer (tPCH═CHP = 2,2′-bis(di-iso-propylphosphino)-trans-stilbene) with metals that form stable complexes in the +1 oxidation state was studied and (tPCH═CHP)CoCl, (tPCH═CHP)CoCl(CO), (tPCH═CHP)RhCl, (tPCH═CHP)Cu(OTf), [(tPCH═CHP)Cu][PF6], and [(tPCH═CHP)Ag][PF6] were synthesized and characterized. In order to determine whether the coordination mode is dependent on the oxidation state of the metal, some +2 metal complexes, (tPCH═CHP)CoCl2 and (tPCH═CHP)FeBr2, were also investigated. The coordination of the olefinic backbone is not observed in (tPCH═CHP)FeBr2, (tPCH═CHP)CoCl2, (tPCH═CHP)Cu(OTf), or [(tPCH═CHP)Ag][PF6], but η2-coordination is present in [(tPCH═CHP)CoCl][BArF4], [(tPCH═CHP)FeBr][BArF4], (tPCH═CHP)CoCl, (tPCH═CHP)CoCl(CO), (tPCH═CHP)RhCl, and [(tPCH═CHP)Cu][PF6]. Cobalt(II), iron(II), and copper(I) formed complexes with the ligand in both coordination modes. All metal complexes were characterized by multinuclei NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystall...
Genetic polymorphism analysis on mt DNA-COIof Aedes albopictus in Shenzhen, China

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ(mt DNA-COⅠ)gene and the spatial population genetic diversity of Aedes albopictus in Shenzhen.MethodsLarvae of Ae. albopictus werecollected from eight investigation sites in Longgang, Guangming, Futian,Dapeng, Luohu, Longhua, Nanshan and Baoandistrict, and reared in the laboratory, and the resulted adults were preserved in 75% alcohol under-20 ℃. Single mosquitogenomic DNA was extracted from Ae. albopictus of different populations, and mt DNA-COⅠ gene were specifically amplifiedby PCR. The amplified mt DNA-COⅠ gene sequences in different geographic strains were analyzed and compared with theothers in the Gen Bank, and genetic polymorphism analysis of them was conducted by bio-information system.ResultsTheobtained COⅠ sequences of Ae. albopictus of eight different isolates from Shenzhen showed 99% homogeny with 1433 bp inlength. As there were transition and transversion in the mononucleotide of mt DNA-COⅠ gene, Ae. albopictus from differentgeographical locations in Shenzhen showed gene polymorphism in sequence analysis on mt DNA-COⅠ with 24 mutationsites and 1.67% mutation rate. However, there was no difference in gene sequence of mt DNA-COⅠ in the five mosquitoesof Ae. albopictus from the same geographical location.ConclusionThe mt DNA-COⅠ gene of Ae. albopictus from differentcollection sites of Shenzhen have high homogeny, but single nuclear polymorphism(SNP) was also observed amongdifferent Ae. albopictus populations. The SNP forming reason needs to be further studied.
Vesicopyeloplasty in Renal Transplant Patients: A 20-Year Followup

Loss of a ureter in a renal transplant patient often results in transplant nephrectomy. In 1973 we used vesicopyelostomy with the bladder directly sutured to the renal pelvis as a method of reconstruction in 2 renal transplant patients following ureteral loss. These patients have been followed for more than 20 years and both renal allografts have functioned well. The status of these patients and a review of the literature on vesicopyelostomy are presented.
Experiments and Simulations of the Internalization of Heterologously Expressed Mouse Melanopsin

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of eukaryote transmembrane receptors, respond to extracellular stimuli and trigger a response within the cell. Opsins are specialized GPCRs that are involved in the conversion of light into a biological signal. Melanopsin is an opsin that is found in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in the mammalian retina and regulates non-image forming vision functions such as circadian photoentrainment and pupillary constriction. While much of the phototransduction pathway activated by melanopsin has not been fully elucidated, we hypothesize that melanopsin is internalized after light-activation and deactivation by β-arrestin. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized GFP-tagged melanopsin constructs in a mammalian expression vector, PMT3, through cassette mutagenesis and expressed these constructs in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cells. We then assayed the localization of melanopsin within the cell using confocal microscopy. Preliminary results from confocal imaging confirms internalization of the melanopsin constructs in HEK cells. To model this phenomenon, a series of stoichiometric equations based on the underlying biological processes were converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and incorporated into a model of the phototransduction pathway of melanopsin.This work was funded by NSF DBI 1031420.
‘You caught me off guard’: Probing the futures of complex engineered nanomaterials

This paper applies principles and methods from the framework of anticipatory governance to the case of what the National Research Council calls “complex engineered nanomaterials” (CENM). This framework does not aim to generate crystal ball visions or definitive answers, but rather provides guidance for uncovering, understanding, and addressing social, ethical, environmental, and policy issues that stem from emerging technologies. Thus, in anticipation of increased CENM research, CENM products, and their different governance challenges, we aim to lay the groundwork for the anticipatory governance of CENMs by mapping out what—according to the engineers and scientists, we interviewed who are working at the research level of these CENMs—will be the main issues and themes that we need to pay attention to in the near future. The structured interviews focused on three groups of questions: (1) potential and/or actual applications and/or products from the participant’s research; (2) environmental health and safety issues pertaining to both the participant’s research and CENMs generally; and (3) the future of CENMs. Without a foundational understanding to build on, social scientists, policymakers, and regulatory agencies will be at a loss about how to govern CENMs before they are widely implemented in society.
Comparison of pharmacy students' knowledge and self-efficacy to provide cessation counseling for hookah and cigarette use ☆

Abstract Objectives: We aimed to assess pharmacy students' self-efficacy to provide cessation counseling for commercial cigarette and hookah tobacco use. Methods: A cross-sectional study including PharmD students at a College of Pharmacy was conducted in Spring 2014. Confidence in counseling and perception of knowledge were self-rated and based on the Ask–Advise–Assess–Assist–Arrange follow-up (5A's) model and general tobacco cessation counseling skills. Comparisons were made between cigarettes and hookahs and by program level using t -tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, analyses of variance, and Tukey–Kramer tests. Results: Overall, 82% and 16% of the students, respectively, reported receiving training on cigarette smoking and hookah tobacco use cessation. Students were moderately confident in their ability to counsel. Compared to hookah tobacco use cessation counseling, students were more confident in their general counseling skills and ability to counsel on cigarette smoking cessation using the 5A's ( p Conclusions: Pharmacy students need further training to address hookah and other alternative tobacco products to support patients' cessation needs, decrease risks for tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, and increase medication effectiveness.
Modes of Knowledge and Intuition

There is a widespread belief that the senses give us knowledge of particulars and the mind (or reason) gives us knowledge of meanings and universals. I want to examine this belief in order to indicate the various modes of knowledge and their sources. This should help us arrive at a better understanding of intuition and how it functions.
Identifying Overvalued Equity

We develop a profile of overvalued equity, and show that firms meeting this profile experience abnormal stock returns net of transaction costs of -22 to -25 percent over the twelve months following portfolio formation. We show our model is distinct from predictors proposed in prior work, and our results robust to alternative measurements of expected returns. We also show that overvaluation is not confined to small firms and that institutions do not trade as if they identify overvalued equity. The profitable predictability we document suggests a pricing anomaly relating to the 2.5% of the firms in the population that our model identifies as substantially overvalued. Although we believe markets are generally efficient within the bounds of transaction costs, our evidence suggests that violations of minimally rational use of publicly available information do occur. To the extent that anomalies disappear or attenuate once documented in the literature (Doukas et al. 2002, Schwert 2003), our results are of interest to financial economists and investors.
Multiscale quantum-defect theory for two interacting atoms in a symmetric harmonic trap

We present a multiscale quantum-defect theory for two identical atoms in a symmetric harmonic trap that combines the quantum-defect theory for the van der Waals interaction [B. Gao, Phys. Rev. A 64, 010701(R) (2001)] at short distances with a quantum-defect theory for the harmonic trapping potential at large distances. The theory provides a systematic understanding of two atoms in a trap, from deeply bound molecular states and states of different partial waves, to highly excited trap states. It shows, e.g., that a strong $p$-wave pairing can lead to a lower energy state around the threshold than a $s$-wave pairing.
Higgs Boson Studies at the Tevatron

Abstract We present the combination of searches for the Standard Model Higgs boson at a center-of-mass energy of s = 1.96 TeV , using the full Run 2 dataset collected with the CDF and D0 detectors at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We also present combined measurements of Higgs Boson production cross sections, branching ratios, and couplings to fermions and bosons. Finally, we present tests of different spin and parity hypotheses for a particle H of mass 125 GeV produced in association with a vector boson and decaying into a pair of b quarks, and place constraints on such hypotheses using the D0 data.
Improving patients’ home cooking – A case series of participation in a remote culinary coaching program

This case series describes and examines the outcomes of a remote culinary coaching program aimed at improving nutrition through home cooking. Participants (n = 4) improved attitudes about the perceived ease of home cooking (p < 0.01) and self-efficacy to perform various culinary skills (p = 0.02); and also improved in confidence to continue online learning of culinary skills and consume healthier food. We believe this program might be a viable response to the need for effective and scalable health-related culinary interventions.
Hands-Free Score Reading With forScore and AirTurn

forScore, www.forscore.coAirTurn, www.airturn.comPerformers are turning more and more frequently to tablets and wireless page-turning equipment for viewing music scores. I first considered reading ...
To change the world

I recently read a book with remarkable insights about what it is to be a scientist, the plight of science in the modern world and the challenge of maintaining its values.
Balloon-Assisted Transarterial Chemoembolization: A Nascent Strategy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The majority of newly diagnosed patients are not eligible for curative options, and thus, transarterial therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) play a central role in prolonging survival for the majority of patients with liver-confined HCC. Recent developments in microcatheter technology have allowed for increasingly localized intratumoral administration of chemotherapeutic agents as a result of lower profile catheters and occlusion balloon-catheter systems. The purpose of this review is to describe the current state of balloon-assisted transarterial chemoembolization (B-TACE), a nascent transarterial locoregional therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC that may confer benefit over conventional TACE (cTACE) in selected patients.
Still Hidden in the Closet: Trans Women and Domestic Violence

This article addresses the issue of domestic violence against trans women in abusive relationships and examines reasons why they are particularly and uniquely vulnerable. It discusses how both social and legal rules governing gender identity contribute to an abuser’s ability to isolate hir victim. It also illuminates how the conscious and unconscious transphobia of service providers heightens this ability. Finally, it discusses the recent reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act and the impact that proposed changes may have for trans women victims of domestic violence. INTRODUCTION 199 I. TRAPPED BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE: THE MECHANICS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 204 A. Overview of Social Entrapment and Battered Women’s Syndrome . 205 II. SOCIAL ENTRAPMENT AND TRANS WOMEN 208 A. Medicalization 208 B. Stigmatization 210 C. Isolation from Family and Friends 214 D. Internalized Transphobia 216 E. Small Communities, Small Networks 218 F. Outing 219 III. NOWHERE TO RUN: THE TRANSPHOBIA OF SOCIETY 220 A. Legal Genders and Gender Markers on Identity Documents 221 B. Employment 223 † J.D. Temple University Beasley School of Law, 2011; B.A., NYU Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2005. For their helpful and insightful comments on this article during various stages of its gestation, and patience with its author, the author would like to thank: Professor Elizabeth Sheehy, Professor Kim Pate, Alexander Baril, Natalie Hrubos, Diana Courvant, Professor Nancy Knauer, Professor Leonore Carpenter, Harper Jean Tobin, Theo Cornetta, Brian Greenberg, Susan Greenberg, Molly Greenberg, Katie Ottati, and, above all, Romina Gomez. GREENBERG_MACROS_ED BD EDITS_DD_KM (EIC EDIT)-1_KG ADDITIONS (DO NOT DELETE) 6/22/2012 3:51 PM STILL HIDDEN IN THE CLOSET 199 C. Housing 225 IV. AN UPHILL BATTLE: THE TRANSPHOBIA OF SERVICE PROVIDERS 227 A. Medical Assistance 228 B. Law Enforcement 230 C. No Shelter from the Storm: Domestic Violence Shelters 234 D. The Courts 240 CONCLUSION 244
Coalescing, Event Commutativity, and Theories of Utility

Preferences satisfying rank-dependent utility exhibit three necessary properties: coalescing (forming the union of events having the same consequence), status-quo event commutativity, and rank-dependent additivity. The major result is that, under a few additional, relatively non-controversial, necessary conditions on binary gambles and assuming mappings are onto intervals, the converse is true. A number of other utility representations are checked for each of these three properties (see Table 2, Section 7).
Self-Study Inquiry Practices

The emergence of self-study inquiry practices requires a new conception of research and scholarship for researchers in teacher education generally and theater education, specifically. Lieberman (1992) introduced such a concept, “scholarly activity” which captures the contradictory elements of self-study of inquiry practices by marrying the idea of using systematic, critical, and empirical examination to develop knowledge with an imperative to act to produce real rather than only theoretical effects.
Acoustic Separation in Military Justice: Filling the Decision Rule Vacuum with Ethical Standards

Commanders in the U.S. military justice system wield vast criminal prosecutorial authority, power largely unconstrained by formal standards, guiding principles, or training. While extensive regulatory guidance exists regarding most every other enterprise a military commander undertakes — from getting dressed to taking a hill — surprisingly little guides commanders as they decide which service members to prosecute for which crimes. Civilian federal prosecutors, in contrast, operate under a rubric of ethical standards, rules, and policy guidelines that at least channel, if not occasionally limit, their enormous criminal justice discretion. The absence of military professional guidelines, or standards of conduct, regarding command prosecutorial discretion contributes to the appearance of uneven treatment of sexual assault and other crimes in the military. This decisional vacuum does a grave disservice to commanders as they execute their disciplinary duties without clearly articulated decisional touchstones. This Article critically examines the lack of formal guidance regarding commanders’ exercise of their prosecutorial discretion. It first contextualizes the need for such guidance by highlighting the so-called acoustic separation typically prevalent in criminal justice systems. Such separation assumes the existence of both societal conduct rules governing behavior, and distinct decision rules for public officials enforcing the former. Since the requisite normative constraints of decision rules are largely unarticulated in the military justice system, the resultant warped acoustic separation allows for the appearance, if not the occasional reality, of arbitrary and inconsistent results. After contrasting the Manual for Courts-Martial’s decisional rule lacuna with the various Department of Justice and American Bar Association guidelines, this Article develops a tailored set of hortatory rules for the military commander to use when making disciplinary decisions. Such hortatory standards of conduct dovetail with the U.S. military’s culture of ethical professionalism, and can help better educate and guide commanders’ prosecutorial and disciplinary decisions, thus reinforcing the "justice" component of the military justice system.
Abstract 2739: The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alters expression of PD-L1 on malignant glioma cells but does not directly affect T cells in vitro

Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive grade of glioma, have an average life expectancy of ~15 months, and less than 6% survive five years, despite the current standard of care, which consists of aggressive surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Advances in the survival of GBM patients require the design of new therapeutic approaches. One novel strategy being explored in our laboratory and others involves using ketogenic therapy (KT). This approach involves shifting the body9s metabolic physiology by increasing the production of ketone bodies such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and decreasing blood glucose. We have demonstrated that nutritionally-induced KT enhances survival and potentiates standard therapy in a mouse model of malignant glioma. Our previous study shows that KT works in part as an immune adjuvant, boosting tumor-reactive immune responses in the microenvironment by alleviating immune suppression in vivo. In particular we found that KT reduced expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on tumor-infiltrating T cells and its ligand PD-L1 on tumor cells. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis represents a crucial mechanism of glioma-mediated immunosuppression and is a major focus of immunotherapy in GBM and other cancers. The current study aims to determine the role of BHB in the anti-tumor and immune-enhancing effects of KT. We show that in vitro treatment with BHB induces a variety of molecular changes in glioma cells including reduced protein expression of PD-L1. Given that our in vivo data suggests that KT enhances T cell function against tumors we also sought to determine the impact of BHB on T cell function in vitro. Activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were cultured with varying doses of BHB prior to flow cytometric analysis. There were no significant changes in expression of immune checkpoint receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4 and LAG-3), production of anti-tumor promoting cytokines (IFN-y, TNF, IL-2) or viability in either T cell population following treatment with any dose of BHB. This suggests that BHB and KT may indirectly impact T cell function by influencing the way tumor cells manipulate the microenvironment. Taken together this data helps us better understand the anti-tumor mechanisms underlying KT and warrants further exploration of combinational treatment strategies using this approach and immunotherapies for GBM. Citation Format: Eric C. Woolf, Kavita R. Manhas, Deborah R. Healey, Joseph N. Blattman, Adrienne C. Scheck. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alters expression of PD-L1 on malignant glioma cells but does not directly affect T cells in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2739.
Who Gets Constipation? What Are the Causes? What Is an Evidence-Based Approach Management?

Constipation is a common problem among the adult population, particularly in the elderly and chronically ill. Constipation can become severe and acutely symptomatic, prompting evaluation for treatment in the acute care setting. For mild cases, first-line recommendations include dietary changes, bulk-forming laxatives, and non-bulk-forming laxatives. However, these treatments may take several days to take effect. For acutely symptomatic constipation, treatment options include suppositories, enemas, and manual disimpaction. There is very limited data comparing these treatments for severe constipation. There is data showing phosphate enemas place patients at higher risk of developing hypophosphatemia and phosphate nephropathy. Enema administration also carries a risk of colonic perforation. Special populations, including the elderly, warrant careful consideration of treatment options.
Some completion problems for graphs without chordless cycles of prescribed lengths

Abstract Given a proper vertex coloring of a graph G , a supergraph that remains properly colored is called a completion of G . In this paper, we first consider the problem of determining whether a given properly colored graph has a C 4 -free completion, and completely classify the complexity of this problem based on the number of colors used on the input graph. We show that this problem is polynomial time solvable when three colors are used, but NP-complete when the graph is colored with k ≥ 4 colors. We then show that an identical dichotomy exists for the problem of completing a colored graph to be ( C 4 , C 5 ) -free. In contrast, we also show that for any fixed s ≥ 1 the problem of determining if a k -colored graph has a ( C 4 , C 5 , … , C s + 5 ) -free completion and the problem of determining if a k -colored graph can be completed to be ( C 4 , C 6 , … , C 2 s + 4 ) -free are NP-complete when the input graph is k -colored for any fixed k , k ≥ 3 .
Direct Effects of High-Impact Practices on the Success of Business Majors in Large, Mostly Nonresidential Public Universities:

High-impact practices (HIPs) have been shown to be effective in helping first-year students successfully transition into college. However, since most of the research on HIPs has been done in small ...
Social Connections and Well-Being: With Whom Do You Identify and Why?

Feeling connected to others is a basic human need, but there are types of social connections that have yet to be examined in relation to one’s well-being. We hypothesized that identifying with people in one’s community, country, and world would all predict unique variance in well-being. We also hypothesized that the association between identification with all humanity and well-being is stronger among ethnic minorities and participants in outreach programs. Study 1 (n = 507 college sample) and Study 2 (n = 258 middle adulthood sample) participants completed surveys that assessed their varying identifications and well-being levels. Study 1 revealed that identifying with people in one’s community and country predicted well-being, but identifying with all humanity did not. Study 2 revealed the association between identification with all humanity and well-being to be stronger among members of minority groups than among members of the majority.
Metrosexual trend in facial care products: Analysis of factors that influence young Chinese men purchasing intention

Chinese men are now confronted by the very same pressures that women have faced in attempting to attain the ideal physical appearance which leads to more men are spending money on skincare products...
The role of transportation accessibility in regional economic resilience

Abstract Whereas the importance of transportation for economic growth is widely acknowledged, past studies on the resilience of regions to economic shocks have not given explicit attention to the role of transportation accessibility on building robust regional economies. This exploratory study examines the regional performance in six U.S. states during the last recession (2008–2009) and post-recession (2010–2014) and evaluates its association with the transportation infrastructure. To account for spatial dependence and interactions, a exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), a global spatial autoregressive model, and a local Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) are employed. Results show that, after controlling for other key aspects of resilience, such as industrial diversity and human capital, the global relationships between rail density, access to intermodal services, and access to local and regional markets were positively associated with regional performance (measured as competitive effect) during the recession. Similarly, positive regional performance before the recession period was associated with positive performance during the recession. The local spatial analysis, however, shows that the associations between the explanatory variables and regional performance vary significantly across space. The analysis and results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions between economic resilience and transportation infrastructure, and guide the development of policies and practices designed to strengthen the ability of regions to be resilient to economic shocks.
Curbing the Court : Why the Public Constrains Judicial Independence

What motivates political actors with diverging interests to respect the Supreme Court's authority? A popular answer is that the public serves as the guardian of judicial independence by punishing elected officials who undermine the justices. Curbing the Court challenges this claim, presenting a new theory of how we perceive the Supreme Court. Bartels and Johnston argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom, citizens are not principled defenders of the judiciary. Instead, they seek to limit the Court's power when it suits their political aims, and this inclination is heightened during times of sharp partisan polarization. Backed by a wealth of observational and experimental data, Bartels and Johnston push the conceptual, theoretical, and empirical boundaries of the study of public opinion of the courts. By connecting citizens to the strategic behavior of elites, this book offers fresh insights into the vulnerability of judicial institutions in an increasingly contentious era of American politics.
Cultural Relevance and Working with Inner City Youth Populations to Achieve Civic Engagement

This article helps Extension professionals consider the cultural relevant needs of inner city residents in hopes of achieving ongoing civic engagement and appropriate program activities in these communities. Having a deep understanding of how the various dimensions of marginalized community life among inner city populations affect participation in organized civic activities is necessary for Extension professionals who seek to increase civic engagement capacity among inner city populations. Bridging the unexplored geographical differences of urban vs. suburban Extension will help to achieve successful youth engagement work in America's inner city communities. "Giving back to the community" is a phrase liberally used to express efforts at strengthening and sustaining civic life in minority communities (Charles, 2005). However, many youth in inner city communities do not feel especially empowered to "give back to the community." They may feel that solving the problems of the community was the job of the "grown-ups." Even though the youth have heard the phrase used and have used the phrase themselves, many of them have not yet been clearly shown what they are receiving from the community and thus are unsure about what they are to "give back" (Charles, 2005). Service learning activities educate students in civic skill-building that will enable them to engage with their community. Students are expected to learn critical thinking skills through their "real world" experiences. The activities are intended to foster leadership and social responsibility. However, an apparent problem with "service learning" for inner city youth is the kinds of activities considered for youth participation. Often, these youth are hardly finding program activities that they perceive are relevant to their lives. Service learning must have cultural relevance as a way to build on the theories and practice of civic engagement. The following information is intended to assist individuals and groups who will work with inner city youth (Panshin, 1992; Webster & Ingram, 2007) Recognizing an Inner City Youth's Reality Cultural Relevance and Working with Inner City Youth Populations to Achieve Civic Engagement 10/27/11 07:08:32
Earnings Inequality in 2016 Among Anglos, Latinxs, and Blacks:

In this article we estimate gross, net, and interactive effects of race, ethnicity, marriage and family status, labor and capital markets, class/occupation and education and employment experience/e...
Pressure scaling of measured absorption cross-sections by modifying the molecular free induction decay signal

Abstract The accuracy of absorption-based measurement is directly linked to the fidelity of the pressure- and temperature-dependent reference absorption cross-sections used for fitting and data interpretation. For large, complex molecules or species for which line-by-line absorption databases do not exist, cross-sections are often measured in the laboratory at a particular set of known temperature and pressure conditions and published for use as reference spectra. For subsequent simulations or measurements at conditions between or outside of the reference conditions, no exact reference cross-sections exist. We propose a technique which enables the scaling of reference absorption cross-sections to different pressures. Pressure influences the shape of the cross-section through collisional broadening. We modify the collisional broadening of the cross-section by performing an inverse Fourier transform on the dataset to view the free induction decay of the molecule, and then computationally adjusting the decay rate of the FID. This effectively pressure scales the broadening parameters of the multitude of contributing molecular resonances. The technique is validated here against reference absorption cross-sections, and can yield residuals between modified and measured reference spectra below one percent. The approach is simple to apply, and allows users to generate reference cross-sections at any pressure above the pressure condition of the reference dataset. It therefore also significantly reduces the need to measure reference absorption cross-sections at many pressures.
Achieving Success in Prelicensure Registered Nursing Programs: An Explanatory Case Study of African American Men.

AIM The aim of this research was to identify factors that facilitated successful completion of a prelicensure registered nursing program for African American men. BACKGROUND Successful completion of prelicensure nursing programs by African American men can increase diversity in the nursing profession. Further investigation is needed to understand the factors that can lead to success in completing prelicensure programs. METHOD An explanatory, multiple-case study design was used to explore the personal characteristics, perspectives, and life events of African American men who completed prelicensure nursing programs. RESULTS The five factors that influenced success were establishing goals, securing financial resources, maintaining family as a support system, meeting academic expectations, and developing a sense of belonging. CONCLUSION Recommendations for how nurse educators can implement strategies to promote success for this population of students are discussed.