cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Venous thromboembolism risk stratification in trauma using the Caprini risk assessment model.

Abstract Introduction The Caprini risk assessment model is widely used for venous thromboembolism (VTE) but has limited data in trauma. The study objective was to determine if the Caprini risk assessment model could effectively risk stratify trauma patients. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective review of trauma patients aged ≥18 years, admitted for greater than 24 h at a level one trauma center from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed to generate Caprini scores. Multiple logistic regression assessed odds of inpatient VTE. Results A total of 1279 patients met study eligibility, with a total of 33 VTE (2.6%). When comparing those with VTE to those without, the mean age was lower (52.5 vs 59.5, p = 0.06, respectively), sex distribution was similar, but mean body mass index was higher (30.2 vs 27.4, p = 0.019, respectively). The mean Caprini score was 9.9, and 75.5% had a score >4, the traditional Caprini high-risk cutoff. The VTE group had a higher mean Injury Severity Score (17.8 vs 12.6, p = 0.011), and mean Caprini score (16.4 vs 9.8, p Conclusions Higher Caprini scores are associated with elevated odds of inpatient VTE within hospitalized trauma patients. These data support using the Caprini risk assessment model in the trauma population, which may aid in risk stratification.
Membrane Stresses in Axisymmetric Shells

A shell is any structure or part of a structure in which one local dimension is much smaller than the other two. Shells abound in all branches of engineering and in the natural world. Examples include gas tanks, thin-walled pipes and air ducts, grain hoppers, car bodies, aircraft wings and fuselages, window panes, eggshells, wineglasses, concrete roofs and the human skull.
Not in my backyard! authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and support for strict immigration policies at home and abroad

Many controversial immigration policies have recently emerged across the United States and abroad. We explore the role of national context in shaping support for such policies. Specifically, we examine whether the extent to which ideological attitudes—Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)—predict policy support is moderated by the national context of the policy. Across three studies, United States citizens read about a controversial immigration policy affecting either their own country (United States) or a foreign country (Israel or Singapore) and indicated their support for the policy. Results reveal that SDO predicts policy support, regardless of its national context; this effect is mediated by perceived competition. Conversely, RWA predicts policy support only if the policy affects domestic immigration; this effect is mediated by perceptions of cultural threat. Consistent with prior research, the present findings highlight the role of perceived cultural threat to one’s ingroup and perceived competition in shaping attitudes toward immigration and shed light on some of the motivations underlying the recent rise in popularity of strict immigration policies.
Quarantine constraints as applied to satellites

Plans for unmanned missions to planets beyond Mars in the 1970s include satellite encounters. Recently published observations of data for Titan, a satellite of Saturn, indicate that conditions may be hospitable for the growth of microorganisms. Therefore, the problem of satisfying possible quarantine constraints for outer planet satellites was investigated. This involved determining the probability of impacting a satellite of Jupiter or Saturn by a spacecraft for a planned satellite encounter during an outer planet mission. Mathematical procedures were formulated which determine the areas in the aim-plane that would result in trajectories that impact the satellite and provide a technique for numerically integrating the navigation error function over the impact area to obtain impact probabilities. The results indicate which of the planned spacecraft trajectory correction maneuvers are most critical in terms of satellite quarantine violation.
Volume-exclusion effects in tethered-particle experiments: bead size matters

We give a theoretical analysis of bead motion in tethered-particle experiments, a single-molecule technique that has been used to explore the dynamics of a variety of macromolecules of biological interest. Our analysis reveals that the proximity of the tethered bead to a nearby surface gives rise to a volume-exclusion effect, resulting in an entropic stretching-force on the molecule that changes its statistical properties. In addition, volume exclusion brings about intriguing scaling relations between key observables (statistical moments of the bead) and parameters such as bead size and contour length of the molecule. We present analytic and numerical results for these effects in both flexible and semiflexible tethers. Finally, our results give a precise, experimentally testable prediction for the probability distribution of the bead center measured from the polymer attachment point.
Cellular heterogeneity in the chick wing mesoblast: I. Analysis by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation

Abstract An analytic and preparative cell separation technique, equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, has been applied to the heterogeneous cell population of the developing chick wing mesoblast in an effort to isolate separately and characterize cell populations differing in buoyant density. When dissociated cell suspensions are distributed throughout a continuous bovine plasma albumin-balanced salt solution gradient and centrifuged to equilibrium, reproducible patterns characteristic of the tissue source or developmental stage of origin are obtained. Such patterns differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. More than 90% of the centrifuged cells remain viable as judged by dye exclusion, and nearly 90% are recovered from the gradients. Cellular subpopulations prepared on these gradients can be cloned yielding cartilage, muscle, or fibroblastic colonies. At stage 25 there appears a population of cells with a mean buoyant cell density of 1.0437 g-cm −3 which exhibits a markedly enhanced ability to form cartilage-making clones when compared to cells of differing density or developmental age.
Temporal diabetes and diuresis-induced alteration of nerves and vasculature of the urinary bladder in the rat

OBJECTIVE • To characterize the temporal changes of the nerves and vasculature of the bladder in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS • A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetics, 5% sucrose-induced diuretics and age-matched controls. • The characteristics of the nerves and vasculature in the equatorial cross-sectional areas of the bladder were examined by immunofluorescence staining of their specific markers, neurofilament 200 (NF200) and CD31, at 1, 9 or 20 weeks after induction. • The distributions of the nerves and blood vessels were observed and the densities were quantified. RESULTS • Diabetes caused a significant reduction in body weight. Bladder weight increased in diabetic and diuretic rats, but not in controls. • The total cross-sectional wall area and detrusor muscle area at the equatorial midline were greater in bladders of diabetic and diuretic rats than in controls. • Neurofilament 200-immunoreactive (NF200-IR) nerves were mainly distributed in the detrusor muscle. CD31-immunoreactive blood vessels were mainly distributed in the mucosa/submucosa. • There were no significant differences in the NF200-IR nerve terminal area among control, diabetic and diuretic groups. However nerve density was decreased at 9 and 20 weeks in the muscle, and at 20 weeks in the mucosa/submucosa in diabetic and diuretic animals. • Blood vessel density decreased in the diabetic and diuretic groups at 20 weeks in the muscle. CONCLUSIONS • Diabetes induced time-dependent changes in the density of the nerves and vasculature in the bladder tissues. • Diabetes-related polyuria plays an important role in these changes.
A novel tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser for measuring polarization mode dispersion of optical fibers

We describe the design and development of a novel tunable fiber laser and its application to polarization-mode dispersion measurements of optical fibers using broad-band orthogonal-pump four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier.
Which Cells Code for Color

In primates, information about color passes from the eye to the visual cortex via the parvocellular laminae of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN). We know this from the work of Schiller, Logothetis and Charles (1990) and of Merigan (1989) who compared the visual performance of Rhesus monkeys, as tested behaviorally, before and after lesions were made to either a region that retinotopically included all the parvocellular laminae and none of the magnocellular laminae, or vice versa, or both. Any interruption to the pathways via the parvocellular laminae virtually abolished color sensitivity, whereas interruption of the pathways via the magnocellular pathways produced no detectable deficit. They also showed that fine pattern and texture information likewise required the parvocellular laminae, but not the magnocellular laminae.
Coronavirus Multiplication Strategy I. Identification and Characterization of Virus-Specified RNA

We examined the synthesis of intracellular RNA in primary chicken embryo kidney cells infected with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Infected cells were labeled with (32)P(i) in the presence of actinomycin D for the duration of the viral multiplication cycle, and nucleic acids were extracted, denatured, and analyzed on agarose slab gels. Six major RNA species were found. None of these RNAs was found in extracts of mock-infected cells. All six of the virus-specified RNAs (designated species A through F) were single stranded, and RNA species F had the same electrophoretic mobility as purified viral genome RNA. The molecular weights of the five subgenomic RNAs were estimated to be 0.8 x 10(6), 0.9 x 10(6), 1.3 x 10(6), 1.5 x 10(6), and 2.6 x 10(6) for species A through E, respectively. All of the RNAs were polyadenylated and are therefore likely to be viral mRNA's. The RNAs were synthesized in approximately constant proportions throughout the viral multiplication cycle. Intracellular RNA species A, B, C, D, and F and the purified viral genome were analyzed by RNase T(1) fingerprinting. The results confirmed the identification of RNA species F as the intracellular genome and the derivation of the four smaller RNAs from the genome. Fingerprinting also showed that the intracellular RNAs constitute a nested set such that the nucleotide sequence of each RNA is contained within all larger RNAs and each larger RNA contains an additional sequence congruent with its greater size. Finally, the possible modes of transcription and translation of the infectious bronchitis virus RNAs are discussed.
Evaluating the merit of ALD coating as a barrier against hydrogen degradation in capacitor components

The degradation of the properties of electronic materials due to exposure to hydrogen gas is a common problem in electro-ceramic device components. In this study, we explore atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings as a potential barrier against hydrogen gas. Three ALD chemistries of ZnO, Al2O3, and HfO2 with different thicknesses were coated onto BaTiO3 capacitors, and their merit as hydrogen gas barriers at high temperatures was evaluated by I–V and impedance spectroscopy which could monitor the degradation of resistivity. These experimental investigations provide the temperature of merit (T0) and the proton (H-ion) diffusion coefficients of the ALD layers, which can be used to evaluate their barrier effectiveness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was applied to examine the ALD layers before and after the I–V tests and find out the physical dimensions, conformity, and structure (amorphous and crystalline) of the ALD layers. We determine that the failure of the barrier characteristics at elevated temperatures is due to crystallization. The diffusion coefficient associated with protons before and after crystallizations in ALD layers was determined. Within the chemistries investigated here, the most effective ALD layers are made of HfO2 with an amorphous structure.
Transgenic Wheat ( Triticum spp.)

Wheat (Triticum) is widely cultivated as a small grain cereal crop from sea level to altitudes over 3000 m. Today, wheat occupies approximately 20% of the world’s cultivated land and is considered to be one of the most important agricultural commodities in international trade. Most wheat is grown in the Northern Hemisphere; North America, Europe, China, and Russia account for over 80% of the world’s supply. Wheat provides about 20% of the world’s food calories and is a staple for nearly 40% of the world’s population. Improvements to this and other cereal crops, for example, by altering amino acid content or enhancing pest resistance and herbicide tolerance, are of great potential benefit. Changes to wheat have been created through traditional breeding programs; however, recent advances in biotechnology have made it possible to modify its genetic composition. One of the advantages of biotechnology is that specific traits can be targeted for alteration. This can take less time than classic breeding programs, and foreign genetic material encoding new traits can be introduced from organisms that could not be introduced via breeding.
Association of Fitness With Incident Dyslipidemias Over 25 Years in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study

Introduction Few studies have examined the longitudinal associations of fitness or changes in fitness on the risk of developing dyslipidemias. This study examined the associations of (1) baseline fitness with 25-year dyslipidemia incidence and (2) 20-year fitness change on dyslipidemia development in middle age in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA). Methods Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test the association of baseline fitness (1985–1986) with dyslipidemia incidence over 25 years (2010–2011) in CARDIA (N=4,898). Modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the association of 20-year change in fitness with dyslipidemia incidence between Years 20 and 25 ( n =2,487). Data were analyzed in June 2014 and February 2015. Results In adjusted models, the risk of incident low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); high triglycerides; and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly lower, by 9%, 16%, and 14%, respectively, for each 2.0-minute increase in baseline treadmill endurance. After additional adjustment for baseline trait level, the associations remained significant for incident high triglycerides and high LDL-C in the total population and for incident high triglycerides in both men and women. In race-stratified models, these associations appeared to be limited to whites. In adjusted models, change in fitness did not predict 5-year incidence of dyslipidemias, whereas baseline fitness significantly predicted 5-year incidence of high triglycerides. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in young adulthood as a risk factor for developing dyslipidemias, particularly high triglycerides, during the transition to middle age.
Rapid Preconcentration for Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Assay of Trace Level Neuropeptides

Measurement of neuropeptides in the brain through in vivo microdialysis sampling provides direct correlation between neuropeptide concentration and brain function. Capillary liquid chromatography-multistage mass spectrometry (CLC-MSn) has proven to be effective at measuring endogenous neuropeptides in microdialysis samples. In the method, microliter samples are concentrated onto nanoliter volume packed beds before ionization and mass spectrometry analysis. The long times required for extensive preconcentration present a barrier to routine use because of the many samples that must be analyzed and instability of neuropeptides. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of 75 μm inner diameter (i.d.) capillary column packed with 10 μm reversed phase particles for increasing the throughput in CLC-MSn based neuropeptide measurement. Coupling a high injection flow rate for fast sample loading/desalting with a low elution flow rate to maintain detection sensitivity, this column has reduced analysis time from ∼30 min to 3.8 min for 5 μL sample, with 3 pM limit of detection (LOD) for enkephalins and 10 pM LOD for dynorphin A1-8 in 5 μL sample. The use of isotope-labeled internal standard lowered peptide signal variation to less than 5 %. This method was validated for in vivo detection of Leu and Met enkephalin with microdialysate collected from rat globus pallidus. The improvement in speed and stability makes CLC-MSn measurement of neuropeptides in vivo more practical.
Solid-screw-retained dental implants can be a satisfactory choice for posterior single-tooth restorations

Summary Subjects The study sample comprised 471 patients (292 women 0689 and 179 men). The sample was based on data collection from 7 clinical practices throughout the United States. The study did not have a clearly defined start date; however, all data collection ended August 1, 1999. The patients were considered healthy by their clinicians, with approximately 12.6% of the implants placed in smokers. Exposure Cemented versus screw-retained single-implant-supported0689 crowns. Main outcome measure The main outcome variable was successful tissue integration0689 with each implant, determined on the basis of specific criteria in a follow-up evaluation. Implants were classified as early failure because of recurrent peri-implant infection or implant mobility or successful on the basis of clinical and periapical radiographic examinations at each site. Main results Minimal restorative problems were recorded, as 80.3% 0689 of screw-retained and 98.2% of cemented restorations were complication-free. No confidence intervals were provided.
Ceramics For 3-5 Micron IR Transmission

Magnesium fluoride(MgF2) and Magnesium aluminate spinel(MgA1204) ceramics for 3-5 micron IR transmission have been developed by a powder processing technique. Their optical, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties have been measured and compared with each other. The transmittance and flexural strength related with microstructures are studied.
Optimal privacy-preserving energy management for smart meters

Smart meters, designed for information collection and system monitoring in smart grid, report fine-grained power consumption to utility providers. With these highly accurate pro- files of energy usage, however, it is possible to identify consumers' specific activity or behavior patterns, thereby giving rise to seri- ous privacy concerns. In this paper, this concern is addressed by using battery energy storage. Beyond privacy protection, batteries can also be used to cut down the electricity bill. From a holistic perspective, a dynamic optimization framework is designed for consumers to strike a tradeoff between the smart meter data privacy and the electricity bill. In general, a major challenge in solving dynamic optimization problems lies in the need of the knowledge of the future electricity consumption events. By exploring the underlying structure of the original problem, an equivalent problem is derived, which can be solved by using only the current observations. An online control algorithm is then developed to solve the equivalent problem based on the Lyapunov optimization technique. To overcome the difficulty of solving a mixed-integer nonlinear program involved in the online control algorithm, the problem is further decomposed into multiple cases and the closed-form solution to each case is derived accordingly. It is shown that the proposed online control algorithm can optimally control the battery operations to protect the smart meter data privacy and cut down the electricity bill, without the knowledge of the statistics of the time-varying load requirement and the electricity price processes. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through extensive numerical evaluations using real data. Index Terms—Smart Meter, Smart Grid, Data Privacy, Load Monitor, Cost Saving, Battery
Crohn's disease in children: assessment of the progression of disease, growth, and prognosis.

There were 177 children less than 15 yr of age treatment for Crohn's disease. Twenty percent had a family history of inflammatory bowel disease. Fifty-three percent had small bowel disease, 44% had both small and large bowel disease, and 3% had isolated colonic involvement. Fifty-eight children (33%) were treated medically. One hundred nineteen patients (67%) required operative therapy. Fity-nine percent had one operation, 22% had two operations, and 19% had three or more operations. Follow-up ranged from 1.3 to 30 yr. The probability of additional surgery was influenced by the length of the follow-up interval, beginning at the date of the last operation. In children requiring one operation, the likelihood of further surgery was 7% at 1 yr, 36% at 5 yr, and 48% at 10 yr of follow-up. Patients having both small intestinal and colonic involvement had a significantly greater chance of requiring reoperation. The mean height of all children with Crohn's disease was significantly less than the mean of the normal population. Patients requiring surgery were significantly shorter than children treated medically. Operation resulted in a significant increase in growth immediately after surgery. The rate of growth in height from time of diagnosis to final adult follow-up was greatest for operated patients. The growth rate for medically treated patients was significantly less. Upon reaching adulthood, both surgically and medically treated patients were essentially the same size and were significantly shorter than average in height. At last follow-up, 71% of all patients were not limited in activity by their disease and 80% considered their state of health to be good to excellent. Survival of patients with Crohn's disease compared very favorably with that of the normal population. After 5 yr the survival rate was 98% of expected. After 20 yr the survival rate was 89% of expected.
Responding to incongruous questions: Effects of making reference to pictures on items referring to related versus unrelated terms

Adults received incongruous questions in which the relation implied by the question was incorrect, as in “Why is a cat a dog?” Results showed that when the referents in the question were members of the same category, subjects tended to reject the question fewer times and attempt more answers than when the terms were unrelated. There were also more rejections and fewer attempts to answer the questions when a picture was substituted for one of the verbal referents. The results were interpreted in terms of linguistic pragmatics.
Access and Retention of Marginalized Populations Within Undergraduate Music Education Degree Programs

The purpose of this collective instrumental case study was to examine the experiences of six undergraduate students from traditionally marginalized populations with regard to their preparation for, admission to, and retention within a music education degree program. Analyzed and reported through the lens of critical theory, data sources included semistructured interviews with the participants and structured interviews with their high school music teacher and a university-based mentor. Participants described a lack of resources with regard to their preparation for auditions as well as a lack of information regarding the application and audition process. Such inhibiting factors were mediated by personal initiative, hard work, and dedication. The presence of role models and mentors was considered an important aid to their retention within music education degree programs. Participants also provided suggestions for improving access, admission, and retention of students from traditionally marginalized populations.
Topographies of citizenship: Purhépechan Mexican women claiming political subjectivities

A variety of politics are waged through recourse to the language of ‘citizenship’ and ‘democracy’: from George W. Bush's selling of free trade for the Americas by invoking freedom and democracy, to the calls for citizenship and equality by popular movements throughout Latin America and other regions. This article links these paradoxical and transnational constructions of ‘citizenship’ to the daily economic and political struggles of indigenous women in rural Mexico. A transnational and what Cindi Katz calls a ‘topographical’ analysis of local processes deepens and complicates our understanding of local changes as they articulate with global dynamics, and it transforms how we conceptualize the global. Drawing on an ethnography of local gendered political transformation in Cheran, Mexico, I map processes visible locally onto spatialities of power and meaning across scales, weaving together various symbolic and material processes—the intentional actions and negotiations of individual women; the history of Ch...
Effects on Oxygenation During Selective Lobar Versus Total Lung Collapse With or Without Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Hypoxemia is common during anesthesia with one-lung ventilation (OLV). This study tested the hypothesis that selective lobar blockade would result in higher Pao 2 values compared with those found with total lung collapse independent of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) application. Thirty patients undergoing lobectomy were randomly assigned to one of four groups with the following maneuvers during OLV: Group 1 (n = 8) total lung collapse (TLC) plus 5 cm H 2 O of CPAP to the nonventilated operative lung for 15 mins, followed by selective lobe collapse plus 5 cm H 2 O of CPAP (during selective collapse only the surgical lobe was collapsed and the rest of that lung was ventilated) ; Group 2 (n = 6) selective lobar collapse plus 5 cm H 2 O of CPAP to the operative lung, followed by TLC plus 5 cm H 2 O of CPAP; Group 3 (n = 8) total lung collapse without CPAP, followed by selective lobe collapse and no CPAP; Group 4 (n = 8) selective lobe collapse without CPAP, followed by TLC and no CPAP. To obtain selective lobe collapse, the bronchial blocker of the Univent® (Vitaid, Lewiston, NY) endotracheal tube was guided into the operative bronchus with the aid of a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood gas measurements were obtained during the following times: Time 1 - while the patient was awake; Time 2 - two-lung ventilation (2LV) in the supine position; Time 3 - after 30 min of OLV in the lateral decubitus position (no CPAP or selective blockade); Time 4 and Time 5 - during maneuvers described above (see group description); Time 6 - 2LV resumed; Time 7 - 30 min after extubation. Twenty-eight patients completed the study. There were no differences among groups with regard to arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or arterial oxygen saturation during the experimental maneuvers. All four groups showed a decrease in Pao 2 from 2LV to OLV (P < 0.05). Both with and without CPAP application, oxygenation was improved with selective lobe collapse compared with TLC. When selective lobe collapse with 5 cm H 2 O of CPAP followed TLC (group 1), Pao 2 values increased to values similar to those found for 2LV (Pao 2 449 ± 122 vs 394 ± 105 mm Hg). This study indicates that by using a bronchial blocker, changing from total lung collapse to selective lobar blockade improves Pao 2 during lung surgery. Implications: This study examines how oxygen tension in arterial blood can be higher during one-lung ventilation. The use of a bronchial blocker, which changes a total lung collapse to selective lobar blockade, improves oxygenation during lung surgery.
Analyzing mean transport equations of turbulence and linear disturbances in decaying flows

The decay of laminar disturbances and turbulence in mean shear-free flows is studied. In laminar flows, such disturbances are linear superpositions of modes governed by the Orr–Sommerfeld equation. In turbulent flows, disturbances are described through transport equations for representative mean quantities. The link between a description based on a deterministic evolution equation and a probability-based mean transport equation is established. Because an uncertainty in initial conditions exists in the laminar as well as the turbulent regime, a probability distribution must be defined even in the laminar case. Using this probability distribution, it is shown that the exponential decay of the linear modes in the laminar regime can be related to a power law decay of both the (ensemble) mean disturbance kinetic energy and the dissipation rate. The evolution of these mean disturbance quantities is then described by transport equations similar to those for the corresponding turbulent decaying flow.
Stearin from Cod Liver Oil as a Source of Vitamin D

Abstract At present cod liver oil is the most common source of vitamin D for chicks which do not have access to direct sunshine. Since the vitamin D potency of different cod liver oils varies, safety demands the use of biologically tested oils, which are rather expensive. It seemed desirable to determine the value of cod liver oil stearin as a preventive of rickets in growing chicks, since it offered possibilities for an economical source of vitamin D. Stearin1 is the term which is used to designate the mixture of fats which is removed from crude cod liver oil during its preparation for human consumption. The crude oil is chilled to about 20° F2, at which temperature these fats solidify and are removed by filtering. Crude cod liver oil, on the average, contains about 20 per cent of stearin3; but this amount varies to some extent, depending upon the condition of . . .
Conserving energy in the production of aluminum

Abstract The question is whether significant reductions in energy utilization can be expected from the aluminum industry. It is of interest also to question whether such reductions if any would come from the application of government ‘conservation’ policy, and/or from market responses of aluminum producers to higher energy prices. The existing research literature is summarized and extended by use of a simple engineering-economic model of energy utilization. The answers if preliminary appear to be in the negative, except for policies designed to stimulate recycling of aluminum scrap.
A two cohort study of the ethical orientations of state police officers

The ethical orientations of two cohorts of officers in a large state police organization were identified using an ethical orientation questionnaire that measures scales of idealism and relativism. Cohort 1 was measured during the recruit academy and after one year on the job. Cohort 2 was measured at one year on the job and two years. This research examined the ethical orientations of these two cohorts, the ethical orientation differences between the two cohorts and characteristics associated with those differences. There were significant differences in the ethical orientations of Cohort 1 officers between the first and second measurement. New recruits tend toward the idealistic ethical dimension more than one‐year officers. One‐year officers tend more toward the relativistic ethical dimension than new recruits. Similar but non‐significant differences were found in Cohort 2.
Relation Between Institutional Support and Student Chapter Achievement

A survey of 230 ASCE Faculty Advisors was conducted to identify the level of institutional support available to Student Chapters; the degree of academic credit awarded to Faculty Advisors; and the environmental characteristics associated with successful Chapters. The survey reveals that Chapter Advisors are most concerned about the relatively low level of faculty colleague involvement in Student Chapter activities and the academic community's perception of Faculty Advisor service as a “committee‐type” rather than a “teaching” activity. A comparison of award‐winning and non‐award‐winning Student Chapters reveals that successful Chapters are characterized by a much higher degree of faculty involvement in Chapter activities, a perception that Faculty Advisor service is indeed a “teaching” activity, and a more satisfactory degree of academic recognition of the Faculty Advisor's efforts.
The Impact of Exercise on Age-Related Physiological Changes and Pathological Manifestations

The most inactive Americans are over the age of 65. Age-related physiological changes affect the ability to perform certain types of exercise. The cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems are dir...
VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES AND ATOMIC DEBYE TEMPERATURES FOR LA2CUO4 FROM NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION

Abstract Neutron powder diffraction data taken at twelve sample temperatures have been used to determine both isotropic and anisotropic thermal parameters for atoms in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 . At fit of these parameters to a Debye-Waller model in turn yields the corresponding isotropic and anisotropic Debye-Waller temperatures. The anisotropic thermal parameters for the Y, Ba and the planar Cu(2) and O(2) atoms all exhibit a stronger temperature dependence, and therefore a lower Debye-Waller temperature, for motion along the c -axis; in addition, the chain O(1) atoms show a similar strong temperature dependence for motion perpendicular to the chains. No discontinuities in the thermal parameters, suggestive of possible structural changes or phonon anomalies near T c are observed.
VIII. On the mathematical theory of electricity in equilibrium

(1854). VIII. On the mathematical theory of electricity in equilibrium. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 8, No. 49, pp. 42-62.
Model for the Lateral Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Including Shear Deformations

Abstract This research is focused on modeling the behavior of reinforced concrete columns subjected to lateral loads. Deformations due to flexure, reinforcement slip, and shear are modeled individually using existing and new models. Columns are classified into five categories based on a comparison of their predicted shear and flexural strengths, and rules for combining the three deformation components are established based on the expected behavior of columns in each category. Shear failure in columns initially dominated by flexural response is considered through the use of a shear capacity model. The proposed model was tested on 37 columns from various experimental studies. In general, the model predicted the lateral deformation response envelope reasonably well.
Progress in the development of a molecular dynamics code for high-energy cascade studies

Abstract We discuss recent progress in the development of a new molecular dynamics program for studies of high-energy displacement cascades. The new code, termed MOLDY-CASK, implements a vectorized algorithm to calculate the forces between atoms. Timing runs show a large increase in efficiency when compared to other, not fully vectorized MD codes. The code also implements several types of isotropic many-body interatomic potentials as well as three-body potentials for semiconductors. We present preliminary results of a 25 keV cascade in Cu where the calculation has been carried out in a computational cell containing 500000 atoms.
Cylindrical effects on magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability

Summary form only given. This paper concentrates on the effects of cylindrical geometry on the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability (MRT), a major concern in the magnetized liner inertial fusion concept (MagLIF) [1]. Several issues are being studied, such as the Bell-Plesset effect [2], the effects of magnetic shear and feedthrough [3], and the nonzero MRT growth rate that remains (but was hardly noticed) in the k = m = 0 limit in Harris' seminal paper on a cylindrical liner [4], where k and m are respectively the azimuthal and axial wavenumber. In liner implosions, such as those for MagLIF, significant magnetic shear can be present and feedthrough of MRT during compression can introduce unwanted fuel mix. We shall use recent simulation and experimental results [5] to compare with direct integration of the eigenvalue equation to investigate the importance of the cylindrical geometry in liner implosions. These analytic results may provide a parametric design in optimizing such parameters as the liner aspect ratio and magnetic field configuration.
GENERALIZED HANNAY ANGLE FOR THE MOST GENERAL TIME-DEPENDENT HARMONIC OSCILLATOR

The most general time-dependent Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator is both linear and quadratic in the coordinate and the canonical momentum. It describes in general a harmonic oscillator with mass, spring “constant,” and friction (or antifriction) “constant,” all of which are time dependent, that is acted on by a time-dependent force. A generalized Hannay angle, which is gauge invariant, is defined by making a distinction between the Hamiltonian and the energy. The generalized Hannay angle is the classical counterpart of the generalized Berry phase in quantum theory. When friction is present the generalized Hannay angle is nonzero. If the Hamiltonian is (incorrectly) chosen to be the energy, the generalized Hannay angle is different. Nevertheless, in the adiabatic case the same total angle is obtained.
Quantification of the interaction of lysolecithin with phosphatidylcholine vesicles using bovine serum albumin: Relevance to the activation of phospholipase A2

Abstract The activity of soluble phospholipase A2 to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine vesicles increases abruptly after a lag time of several minutes. The onset of this apparent activation event probably results from the accumulation of a threshold mole fraction of the hydrolysis products (lysolecithin and fatty acid) in the bilayer. One important observation relevant to the mechanism of this activation process is the biphasic dependence of the lag time on vesicle concentration. To test whether this dependence can be attributed entirely to the strength of partitioning of the lysolecithin into the phosphatidylcholine bilayer, we estimated the apparent partition coefficient of lysophospholipid in the membrane of phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Based on competition between bovine serum albumin and the vesicles for the lysophospholipid, we estimated the partition coefficient to be about 5 · 10−7 for palmitoyl lipids at 39°C and about 9 · 10 −7 for myristoyl lipids at 22°C. These values were able to rationalize the behavior of the lag time with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, but they were unable to predict the behavior with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. Therefore, it appears that the complete dependence of the lag phase on vesicle concentration must be explained by additional means such as the possible contribution of nascent fatty acid or previously proposed kinetic activation mechanisms.
The conversion of [4-14C]-cortisol to [14C]-11β-hydroxyestradiol in a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma-cortisol metabolism and breast cancer

Abstract The metabolism of cortisol (llβ,17α,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) in an ovariectomized, adrenalectomized patient with breast cancer was investigated. Following administration of [4- 14 C]-cortisol to the subject, urine samples were collected. The steroid conjugates were extracted from the urine and hydrolyzed, and the free steroids removed by solvent extraction. The estrogen fraction of the urine was separated by sodium hydroxide extraction and purified by counter-current distribution. The extracted estrogen fraction was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the trimethylsilyl-ethers of the steroids served to identify several radioactive metabolites of [4- 14 C]-cortisol. One of the urinary metabolites identified was 11β hydroxyestradiol [1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3,11β,17ξ-triol]. The clinical implication of the conversion of an adrenocortical steroid to an estrogenic steroid is discussed.
The wake of a legendary earthquake

Although quiet this century, the Cascadia subduction zone has produced big earthquakes in the past. But how big? An ingenious study involving documents written 300 years ago suggests that they can be giants.
Nocturnal Bruxism and Hypnotherapy: A Case Study

This article describes a case study of a hypnotherapeutic treatment of nocturnal bruxism. The author saw the client for a total of 7 sessions. Hypnotherapy was interspersed with an exploration of tacit and initially denied hostility in the client's life as well as aspects of a somewhat difficult childhood. At the end, the bruxism had disappeared. Follow-up 1 year later indicated that the bruxism had not returned, and the client had become more assertive in her relations with others and had more exploratory activities in her life directions. The latter had not been dealt with in therapy. Thus, there appeared to be a "ripple effect" of successful therapy from one part of her life into its other aspects.
In Situ Measurements of Gas Fluidized Nanoagglomerates

The size of fluidized agglomerates of nanoparticles was successfully measured in situ in conventional and microjet assisted gas fluidized beds by using Lasentec Focused Beam Reflectance Method (FBRM) and Particle Vision Measurement (PVM) probes. In situ particle size distributions and agglomerate images of Aerosil R974 and Aerosil 90 nanopowders were obtained. This was achieved by reducing the electrostatic charge in the fluidized bed by bubbling the gas through an alcohol−water solution before entering the bed. Failure to remove electrostatic charges resulted in blocking of the probe lenses and blurred images or spiky size distributions. The agglomerate size distributions show that Aerosil R974 agglomerates (APF-type nanopowder) are smaller and less dense than Aerosil 90 agglomerates (ABF-type nanopowder). These observations match their respective fluidization behavior and confirm that the APF−ABF classification is dependent on the size and density of the agglomerates. The application of the microjet ass...
An Omnidirectional Wrappable Compact Patch Antenna for Wireless Endoscope Applications

An inductively loaded compact patch antenna for a radiation frequency of 433 MHz is designed taking into consideration a human-body model and fabricated on a flexible liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) substrate, which is subsequently wrapped into a cylindrical shape to achieve a monopole-like omnidirectional radiation pattern for wireless endoscope applications. The wrapped patch antenna has a stretched length of 31 mm (0.07λg), and its cylindrical form has a diameter of 10 mm and a width of 18.5 mm, whose dimensions are designed to be comparable to those of a commercially available capsule endoscope. Compared to a traditional patch antenna with the same radiation frequency, an 86% length reduction is achieved. Omnidirectionality is desired to increase the space coverage in communication between the randomly moving capsule inside and the receiver outside the body. The enclosed cylindrical cavity, surrounded by the ground plane of the patch, provides an electromagnetic interference (EMI) protected room that is useful for the placement of other electronic components. Multiple inductive notches on a patch designed for antenna size reduction are described by an equivalent circuit model. Human-body phantom solution is used for antenna characterization. The antenna, located at the outermost layer, serves not only as a good radiating unit, but also as the EMI protecting, mechanically supporting, packaging layer of the endoscope system.
An Attributional Style Questionnaire for General Use

Explanatory style is a cognitive personality variable with diverse correlates reflecting good versus bad adaptation. It is usually measured with the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), but existing versions of this instrument can be difficult for research participants to complete without close supervision. We describe a new version of the ASQ and its use in a mail survey of 146 college students. Results support its efficiency, reliability, and validity. A satisfactory response rate of 70%o was attained. Very few items were omitted among the questionnaires returned (1.3%). Subscale reliabilities were satisfactory (alphas > .70), and the new ASQ correlated with reports of depressive symptoms (rs > .28), suggesting its appropriateness for general use with adults, including survey research.
Orthogonal Double Covers of Complete Graphs by Caterpillars of Diameter 5

An orthogonal double cover (ODC) of the complete graph Kn by a graph G is a collection ** = {Gi|i = 1,2, . . . ,n} of spanning subgraphs of Kn, all isomorphic to G, with the property that every edge of Kn belongs to exactly two members of ** and any two distinct members of ** share exactly one edge. A caterpillar of diameter five is a tree arising from a path with six vertices by attaching pendant vertices to some or each of its vertices of degree two. We show that for any caterpillar of diameter five there exists an ODC of the complete graph Kn.
Solar chimney power plant performance in Iran

Abstract A solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is proposed to be built as the first national SCPP in central regions of Iran. Studies of DLR MED-CSP project show that Iran can be a part of the Mediterranean solar power generation chain in 2050 to provide electrical power demand of Europe. High direct solar radiation and available desert lands in Iran are factors to encourage the full development of solar power plants like solar chimney power plants for the thermal and electrical productions of energy for various uses. The interested region is the central region of Iran where solar radiation and global insolation are much better than other areas. However, to evaluate SCPP performance and power generation throughout Iran, 12 different areas across the country are considered. The obtained results clear that solar chimney power plants can produce from 10 to 28 MWh/month of electrical power. This power production is sufficient for the needs of the isolated areas and can even used to feed the grid.
A conjugate inequality for general means with applications to extremum problems

Inequalities are derived for a general class of convex-functional means which may contain negative weights. Specific cases include the arithmetic-mean–geometric-mean inequality and other power-mean inequalities. These inequalities make possible the solution of a wider class of extremum problems than are susceptible to the classical means with positive weights. In particular, it is shown that the geometric programming algorithm may in some cases be extended to functions with negative coefficients. A weaker result is derived for application without restrictions on the signs of the coefficients or variables. This leads to a computational scheme which is useful in the solution of certain classes of nonlinear programming and inequality-constrained multistage optimization problems.
Determination of mercury in total diet samples by neutron activation.

Abstract The mercury contents of food samples representative of the total diet have been determined by neutron activation analysis. The mercury was separated by anion-exchange chromatography and precipitated as the sulfide. The mercury concentrations for the different fractions of total diet samples were well below 50 p.p.b. Only in the meat, fish, and poultry fraction were measurable amounts of mercury encountered regularly.