cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Output Feedback Control Synthesis with Mixed Frequency Small Gain Specifications

This paper is concerned with the control synthesis problem via dynamic output feedback for linear continuous-time systems with mixed frequency small gain specifications.A new method for designing dynamic output feedback controllers is presented such that the resulting closed-loop systems are asymptotically stable and meet the requirements of small gain specifications in both finite frequency ranges and the entire frequency range.The design conditions are given in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs).Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the design procedure and the advantage of the proposed method in comparison with the existing one.
Current understanding of epigenetics in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disorder affecting up to 20% of the paediatric population worldwide. AD patients commonly exhibit dry skin and pruritus and are at a higher risk for developing asthma as well as allergic rhinitis. Filaggrin loss-of-function variants are the most widely replicated genetic risk factor among >40 genes associated with AD susceptibility. The prevalence of AD has tripled in the past 30 years in industrial countries around the world. This urgent public health issue has prompted the field to more thoroughly investigate the mechanisms that underlie AD pathogenesis amidst environmental exposures. Epigenetics is the study of heritable, yet reversible, modifications to the genome that affect gene expression. The past decade has seen an emergence of exciting studies identifying a role for epigenetic regulation associated with AD and at the interface of environmental factors. Such epigenetic studies have been empowered by sequencing technologies and human genome variation and epigenome maps. miRNAs that post-transcriptionally modify gene expression and circRNAs have also been discovered to be associated with AD. Here, we review our current understanding of epigenetics associated with atopic dermatitis. We discuss studies identifying distinct DNA methylation changes in keratinocytes and T cells, eQTLs as DNA methylation switches that impact gene expression, and histone modification changes associated with AD-related microbial dysbiosis. We further highlight the need for integrative and collaborative analyses to elucidate the impact of these epigenetic findings as potential drivers for AD pathogenesis and the translation of this new knowledge to develop newer targeted treatments.
Advances in Pharmacotherapeutics, Metabolic Surgery, and Technology for Diabetes.

Remarkable advances in diabetes management have occurred since the discovery of insulin 100 years ago. Advances across a therapeutic spectrum, including pharmacotherapy, metabolic surgery, and diabetes technology, offer superior treatment options for diabetes management. New medication classes (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogs and SGLT-2 inhibitors) have demonstrated cardiorenal benefits beyond glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, while evolving metabolic surgical interventions also help patients achieve diabetes remission. The use of artificial pancreas systems has shown consistent improvement in glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is time for policy changes to expand access to such advantageous therapies.
Defective Solid-Phase Epitaxial Growth of Si

Abstract The solid-phase epitaxial growth (SPEG) process of Si (interchangeably referred to as solid-phase epitaxial regrowth, solid-phase epitaxial recrystallization, solid-phase epitaxy, and solid-phase epitaxial crystallization) is the epitaxial crystallization of an amorphous (α) layer of Si in direct contact with a single-crystal Si substrate (wafer). Most commonly, this process is considered within the context of ion-implanting a single-crystal substrate to generate the α-Si layer. Ideally, the SPEG process is perfect in that the initial α-Si layer crystallizes into a perfect single crystal with the same orientation as the substrate. However, the process is often far from ideal and the crystallized layer often contains defects as a result of SPEG. Here, the origins and understanding of the defects associated with the SPEG process are reviewed. Initially, the case of a starting α-Si layer that is infinite along the two in-plane directions of the wafer, but finite along the wafer normal direction is considered. The effects if α/crystalline (growth) interface roughness, “burying” of the α-Si layer below the wafer surface, substrate orientation, impurities, and externally applied stress on defectiveness of the SPEG process are discussed within this context. Subsequently, defects resulting from SPEG in laterally confined structures are considered. Specifically, this includes structures when the initial growth interface terminates at a SiO x -filled region (trench) on one or two sides structures defined by masking. In all cases, transmission electron microscopy is used to analyze the nature of the defects.
Permanent radioactive iodine seed implants following radical resection in recurrent human malignant high grade astrocytomas

Radical brain tumor resection coupled with iodine seed (I-125) implantation was performed 9 times on 8 patients with recurrent malignant cerebral gliomas. Sodium fluorescein dye was administered intravenously at the time of craniotomy as a ‘tumor marker’. Fluorescent-stained tissues were identified by mercury arc lamp illumination and subsequently removed using an ultrasonic surgical tissue aspirator. I-125 seeds were placed intraoperatively at nonfluorescent tumor margins. The seed number and activity were determined graphically from a computer model for ‘shell’ irradiation. A calculated tumor dose of 25–30,000 cGy (rads) (complete decay) was delivered.
Multiple rate low-density parity-check codes with constant blocklength

This paper presents a new method to design low-density parity-check codes for a variety of different rates that all share the same fundamental decoder architecture. Combining rows of the parity-check matrix for the lowest rate code produces the parity-check matrices for higher rates. An important advantage of this approach is that all effective code rates have the same blocklength. These LDPC codes also share the same variable degree distribution. The proposed design method maintains good graphical properties and hence low error floors for all rates. Furthermore, an imposed matrix structure facilitates a low complexity encoding and decoding of the codes.
A Review of “Russia in War and Revolution, 1914–1922: A Documentary History”

Given its uncommon breadth alone, this documentary history must be considered nothing short of a triumph. This impressive volume of primary sources opens not one, but many windows onto the history ...
A time-space decomposition method for fast calculations of transient pressure fields generated by ultrasound phased arrays

A rapid single integral approach has been developed for computing the time domain pressure generated by a baffled circular piston. A time domain solution to the lossless wave equation can be derived subject to an input pulse, which models the uniform normal velocity of the piston. A linear array of 129 circular elements is simulated with pistons of radius (0.30mm) and interelement spacing (0.90mm). It is concluded that an exact time-domain solution forms the basis for array simulations, which is accelerated by decomposing the spatial dependence of the integrand.
Marked hyperuricemia with acute renal failure: need to consider occult malignancy and spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome

Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is an extremely uncommon cause for acute renal failure (ARF). ARF presenting with hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia and hyperphosphatemia should lead to further work up for occult haematological malignancy. We describe two cases of lymphoma presenting with ARF secondary to spontaneous TLS. The ARF in the first case appeared to be due to intravenous volume depletion but eventually lead to the diagnosis of gastric lymphoma. The second patient is interesting as he is probably the first reported case of lymphoma with HIV infection presenting as spontaneous TLS. Early diagnosis and prompt renal replacement therapy does not necessarily reverse the ARF.
The Use of Femoral Neck Axis Length to Estimate Sex and Ancestry

Having multiple reliable methods of estimating sex and ancestry from various skeletal features increases the likelihood of identifying skeletal remains. Femoral neck axis length (FNAL), as measured in living individuals, has been shown to vary by sex and ancestry. FNAL has not, however, been previously measured directly from skeletonized remains and investigated for its potential use in forensic anthropological applications. This research proposes a method for measuring FNAL from skeletal remains, determines the reliability and repeatability of the measurement, and assesses the validity of FNAL in sex and ancestry estimation. Results showed low interobserver error in the measurement of FNAL (TEM=0.33 mm, R=0.99). Significant differences in FNAL were found between sexes as well as between American Black, American White, and Native American groups. FNAL can correctly classify sex in ~86% of all cases and is considered valuable to sex estimation. The value of FNAL to ancestry estimation, however, is considered limited.
Cold plasma distribution above a few thousand kilometers at high latitudes

The launch of the Dynamics Explorer (DE) 1 and 2 spacecraft has permitted the exploration of the earth’s magnetosphere in a way which has never been available before. The unique combination of coplanar orbits which simultaneously sample the low altitude ionospheric and atmospheric signatures (DE-2) and the high altitude phenomena of the inner magnetosphere (DE-1) furnishes new measurements of the coupling of plasmas and fields between these fundamentally important regions. One basic element of the coupling involves the interchange of low energy plasma between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. This interchange or flow of plasma originating in the earth’s ionosphere serves as a basic source of particles for the entire magnetosphere and, combined with the particles of solar wind origin, is responsible for the entire magnetospheric plasma content.
An Empirical Study of the Role of the Written Description Requirement in Patent Examination

An en banc Federal Circuit is now considering whether Section 112 of the Patent Act as properly interpreted includes a written description requirement that is separate and distinct from the enablement requirement. Although the USPTO has no direct role in the infringement dispute, the government submitted an amicus curie brief arguing that a separate written description requirement is “necessary to permit the USPTO to perform its basic examination function.” However, when pressed during oral arguments the government could not point to any direct evidence supporting its contention. This essay presents the results of a retrospective empirical study of the role of the written description requirement in patent office practice. It is narrowly focused on rebutting the USPTO’s claim that the separate written description requirement serves an important role in the patent examination process. To the contrary, my results support the conclusion suggested by Chief Judge Michel that it is indeed “exceedingly rare that the patent office hangs its case on written description.”For the study, I analyzed 2858 Board of Patent Appeals and Interference (BPAI) patent opinions decided January-June 2009. Written description issues were decided in 123 (4.3%) of the decisions in my sample. Perhaps surprisingly, I found that none of the outcomes of those decisions would have been impacted by a legal change that entirely eliminated the written description requirement of Section 112 so long as the USPTO would still be allowed to reject claims based on the addition of “new matter” (perhaps under 35 U.S.C. Section 132). New-matter style written description requirement rejections were outcome determinative in 20 of the 2858 cases – about 1.0% of the cases in my sample. Although there may be valid reasons for retaining a separate written description requirement, this study safely leads to the conclusion that the government’s conclusory statements regarding the doctrine's critical importance for patent examination lack a factual basis.
Correlation of Dynamics with Electronic Structure in Reactions of Alkali Atoms with Triatomic Molecules

The reactive scattering of alkali metal atoms by the triatomic molecules BrCN, ICN, NOCl, and SCl2 has been studied in crossed molecular beams. The reaction dynamics are shown to correlate with the electronic structures of the molecules and their negative molecule ions. Die reaktive Streuung von Alkalimetallatomen an den dreiatomigen Molekeln BrCN, JCN, NOCl und SCl2 wurde in gekreuzten Molekularstrahlen untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, das die Dynamik der Reaktionen mit der Elektronenstruktur der Molekeln und ihrer negativen Molekulionen in Zusammenhang steht.
A Cluster of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays

Five ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the combined AGASA and HiRes stereo data are analyzed to test whether they come from a single source. The quad above 37 EeV in the 94-event high energy dataset can be analyzed without considering magnetic dispersion. The probability that it is a chance association is 10^-3. Assuming the source is continuous, the random magnetic deflections these UHECRs accumulated en route from their source can be used to estimate \sqrt{B^2 \lambda D} ~ 1 nG-Mpc. A quintuplet including a HiRes event between 10 and 30 EeV is well fit with this value. Galactic magnetic deflection appears to be smaller than in some models.
Chemotherapy dose limits set by users of a computer order entry system

Objective: The elimination of dosing errors related to chemotherapy administration remains an elusive goal. Computerized order entry reduces errors but is not widely used. One problem in implementing computer dose checking is the lack of standardized dose limits. We evaluated the dose limits set for chemotherapeutic agents by users of a computer order entry system.Methods: Oncology practices from 82 sites using a computer order entry system submitted data via the Web to a central data warehouse on 280,047 drug administrations for 16,976 patients. Data were blinded to patient and site but included the diagnosis, age, chemotherapy regimens, dosages, and dose adjustments. Dose limits, set by users at each location, were assessed. For commonly used regimens, the range of customary doses was also assessed.Results: The mean dose limit was less than that for a body surface area (BSA) of 2.2 meter squared in 43/44 (98%) of the drugs dosed according to BSA. This user set dose limit was exceeded in only 3% of drug ...
The need for accurate oscillator strengths and cross sections in studies of diffuse interstellar clouds and cometary atmospheres

Abstract Oscillator strengths and photoionization cross sections are needed to interpret astronomical observations. Oscillator strengths, or equivalently absorption cross sections, are used to convert the observed amount of absorption (as well as emission) into an abundance. Recent work on CO and Ar I oscillator strengths and their relevance to interstellar studies are described. Photodissociation and photoionization are processes that transform complex molecules into simpler molecules, atoms, and their ions in interstellar clouds and comets. The search for species residing in cometary nuclei involves analyses based on these processes. The sources for O, C2, S2, CN, and CH are highlighted here. Accurate laboratory data, such as those from Brion’s experimental work, are the key ingredients for interstellar and cometary studies.
Effects of streamwise vorticity injection on a plane turbulent wake

Past flow visualization investigations of plane wakes originating from laminar initial boundary layers have shown the presence of streamwise vortical structures riding among the spanwise (von Karman) vortices. Quantitative measurements of the mean streamwise vorticity were recently obtained which shed more light on their formation and subsequent evolution. Measurements made in the same wake with both initial boundary layers turbulent, however, showed that spatially stationary streamwise structures did not exist in this case, thus resulting in a distinctly different mean three-dimensional structure and streamwise evolution. In the present study, the effects of injecting streamwise vorticity on the structure and development of a wake originating from turbulent boundary layers are investigated. A corrugated extension attached to the splitter plate trailing edge produced a relatively strong array of counter-rotating pairs of streamwise vorticity which were injected into the turbulent wake. This resulted in large spanwise variations in the wake mean properties and Reynolds stress distributions. Although the mean streamwise vorticity decreased with downstream distance, the spanwise variations were found to persist into the far-field region (X/ 0 > 500) of the wake. In the near-field region (X/ 0 < 500), the wake growth was increased, and the velocity defect was reduced, both because of increased entrainment due to the injected vorticity. However, in the far-field region, the forced wake growth rate and peak Reynolds stresses were reduced significantly with respect to the undisturbed wake. This result is attributed to the effect of the relatively strong streamwise vorticity in making the spanwise structures more three dimensional and, hence, less efficient at entraining surrounding fluid.
Modelling and Analysis of UV Laser Micromachining of Copper

UV laser micromachining of metallic materials has been used in microelectronic and other industries. Knowledge and data about the process vary with feature size, material, laser wavelength and pulse duration. This paper reports on experimental and numerical investigation of micromachining of copper using a frequency tripled Nd:YAG laser with 50 ns pulse duration. An axisymmetric model is developed which allows consideration of laser beam distribution and its coupling with the target material. This is important for the process where the removal extent is in the same order of the removal depth. The model uses an enthalpy method to track the solid/liquid interface. Stefan and kinetic boundary conditions are applied at the liquid–vapour interface, and property discontinuity across the Knudsen layer is considered. Relevant experimental results are also presented and compared with the model predicted results. The range of thermal vaporisation dominated machining of copper using nanosecond time scale lasers was studied, and optimum laser intensity for micromachining of copper was suggested.
Prediction of altered endograft path during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with the Gore Excluder.

Objective During endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR), the rapid deployment of the Gore Excluder endograft may be associated with anatomic shortening of the endograft path. This shortened path may result in coverage of the hypogastric artery origin or overly conservative graft length selection that may lead to unnecessary extensions. We quantified the degree of path alteration with this endograft and developed an algorithm to predict it. Methods Preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) scans were evaluated for 50 consecutive patients with Gore Excluder endografts by using 21 anatomic measurements and 6 calculated indices. Measurements were evaluated as if only 3D lumen centerline measurements were available, rather than complete 3D computer-aided measurement and "virtual graft" simulation. Tortuosity was quantitated from the renal artery to the hypogastric origin, using the difference between a straight line and the lumen centerline. Results The endograft was deployed successfully in all cases. The graft end points were typically quite close to the preoperative plan: mean renal artery-to-graft distance was within 2.0 ± .5 mm, and the limb end point-to-hypogastric origin differed by an average of only 1.8 ± 1.6 mm. Although accurate in most cases, the actual graft path shortened 1 cm or more relative to the centerline in 11% of limbs. On univariate analysis, determinants of alteration of >1 cm in the graft deployment path were (1) aortoiliac tortuosity (renal-to-hypogastric artery, P 10 mm were in the rotated position, P P P P Conclusions The graft deployment path will be altered significantly in a minority of cases with the Gore Excluder endograft, but this can cause hypogastric occlusion or other problems. Anatomic shortening is predictable from morphologic features such as tortuosity, graft insertion side, and rotation. We developed an algorithm based on a tortuosity index that quantitates the risk and degree of shortening associated with endograft deployment.
So Near And Yet So Far: Lingering Questions About the Use of Measures of General Intelligence for College Admission and Employment Screening

The evidentiary bases for the various positions taken by the authors of articles in the March 2000 special theme issue of Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, are examined. Despite some substantive disagreements among the authors, a substrate of evidence is accepted (or, at the very least, goes unchallenged) by all authors. Although the substantial progress made by psychometric researchers is acknowledged, there remains a critical need to probe ever more deeply into the nature of intelligence and the meaning of correlations between ability tests and performance at school and at work. The author concludes by arguing that the concept of general intelligence may have considerable predictive usefulness whenever the situation calls for making a limited number of choices among many applicants but that there are lingering conceptual limitations about its meaning.
Algorithm for Shaffer's multiple comparison tests

Shaffer has presented two tests to improve the power of multiple comparison procedures. The present article describes an algorithm to carry out the tests. The logic of the algorithm and an application to a data set are given.
Oxidative enzymes in postcastrational adrenal tumors of mice.

Five oxidative enzymes (succinate, glucose-6-phosphate, isocitrate, β-hydroxybutyrate and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases) were demonstrated by histochemical methods in the adrenal glands of 3 strains of mice—DBA /2J, C57B1/6J and A/Jax—3, 6, 9 and 12 months after gonadectomy during development of postcastrational adrenal tumors. Intact animals sacrificed at the same time intervals served as controls. Areas of “A” cell hyperplasia, present in the adrenal cortex of both intact and gonadectomized mice, were characterized by low activity of all 5 enzymes. In contrast, “B” cells, which were present only in the adrenal adenomas of gonadectomized mice, were characterized by high glucose-6-phosphate and isocitrate dehydrogenases, moderate 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and low succinate and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. This suggested that the “B” cells were metabolically more active than “A” cells. Steroid dehydrogenase was the only enzyme which could be correlated with production of sex hormones by the a...
Nonforward parton densities and soft mechanism for form factors and wide-angle Compton scattering in QCD

The authors argue that at moderately large momentum transfer {minus}t {approx_lt} 10 GeV{sup 2}, hadronic form factors and wide-angle Compton scattering amplitudes are dominated by mechanism corresponding to overlap of soft wave functions. They show that the soft contribution in both cases can be described in terms of the same universal nonforward parton densities (ND's) F(x;t), which are the simplest hybrids of the usual parton densities and hadronic form factors. They propose a simple model for ND's possessing required reduction properties. Their model easily reproduces the observed magnitude and the dipole t-dependence of the proton form factor F{sub 1}{sup p}(t) in the region 1 GeV{sup 2} < {minus}t < 10 GeV{sup 2}. Their results for the wide-angle Compton scattering cross section follow the angular dependence of existing data and are rather close to the data in magnitude.
Automaintenance, contrast, and contingencies: Effects of local vs. overall and prior vs. impending reinforcement context

Abstract The pigeon's keypeck was investigated in a variety of multiple schedules of response-independent or -dependent reinforcement. Experiments 1 and 2 found that keypecking developed to a reinforcement-associated cue that signaled an increase in local rate of reinforcement, but signaled either no change or a decrease in the overall rate of reinforcement, defined as that prevailing in the cue's absence. In Experiment 3 a greater rate of responding to a target stimulus was observed when it was preceded by a second signal—associated with the same, or a lower, rate of reinforcement—and followed by extinction than when this temporal sequence was reversed. In Experiment 4 responding to a target cue increased when either a temporally prior or a subsequent reinforcement-associated cue was changed to signal extinction. Experiment 5 examined the conditioned reinforcing effectiveness of target cues in two types of situations varying the local context of reinforcement. Stimuli associated with selected target components of a response-dependent multiple schedule of reinforcement could appear as the terminal-link consequences in a two-link chain schedule. Enhanced responding during a target cue which accompanied the introduction of an extinction period following this cue was paralleled by an increase in the conditioned reinforcement effects of this cue. No such increase was found for target cues in which an enhancement of responding had been produced by the interposition of an extinction period prior to the cue.
Two Mammalian MOF Complexes Regulate Transcription Activation by Distinct Mechanisms

In mammals, MYST family histone acetyltransferase MOF plays important roles in transcription activation by acetylating histone H4 on K16, a prevalent mark associated with chromatin decondensation, and transcription factor p53 on K120, which is important for activation of proapoptotic genes. However, little is known about MOF regulation in higher eukaryotes. Here, we report that the acetyltransferase activity of MOF is tightly regulated in two different but evolutionarily conserved complexes, MSL and MOF-MSL1v1. Importantly, we demonstrate that while the two MOF complexes have indistinguishable activity on histone H4 K16, they differ dramatically in acetylating nonhistone substrate p53. We further demonstrate that MOF-MSL1v1 is specifically required for optimal transcription activation of p53 target genes both in vitro and in vivo. Our results support a model that these two MOF complexes regulate distinct stages of transcription activation in cooperation with other histone modifying activities.
Knock-outs and inhibitors: one and the same?

Comment on Bilancio et al, page [642][1] A comparative analysis of isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and cells from kinase-dead knock-in mice confirms a key role for p110δ in B-cell signaling. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate lipid second messengers that are critical for diverse
A splitting method for computing coupled hydrodynamic and structural response

Abstract A numerical method is developed for application to unsteady fluid dynamics problems, in particular to the mechanics following a sudden release of high energy. Solution of the initial compressible flow phase provides input to a power-series method for the incompressible fluid motions. The system is split into spatial and time domains which lead to the convergent computation of a sequence of elliptic equations. Two sample problems are solved, the first involves an underwater explosion and the second the response of a nuclear reactor containment shell structure to a hypothetical core accident. The solutions are correlated with experimental data.
Phase II trial of perillyl alcohol in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Purpose. This is a phase II study of perillyl alcohol in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The primary endpoint is time to progression. Secondary objectives are to evaluate objective response rate and toxicity. Patients and Methods. Eligible patients had metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum. Patients received perillyl alcohol orally at a dose of 1200 mg/m2. Dose escalation to 1,600mg/m2 was allowed. Results. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. The median time to progression was 1.8 months (range 1 to 3 mo). Four patients received less than one cycle and were not evaluable for response. Of the remaining 23, all had progressive disease. There were no complete or partial responses. Toxicity was relatively mild, with fatigue, nausea and anemia predominating. Three patients withdrew from therapy for toxicity (grade 3 belching, bloating; grade 2 nausea, fatigue, vomiting, anorexia and increase perspiration; grade 1 anorexia). Discussion. Despite preclinical evidence of anticancer activity, oral perillyl alcohol administered at this dose and formulation does not appear to have clinical antitumor activity when used for patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma.
Synthesis of phosphido-bridged multinuclear complexes via a mononuclear rhodium(I) compound: X-ray structures of Rh3H(COD)2(μ-CO)2{μ-P(t-Bu)2}2 and [Fe(CO3)](μ-CO){μ-P(t-Bu)2}[Rh(CO){HP(t-Bu)2}] (COD = 1,5-Cyclooctadiene)

Abstract The mononuclear rhodium(I) complex trans-RhCl(CO){HP(t-Bu)2}2 (1) was used to form multinuclear complexes with P(t-Bu)2 bridges. Reaction of 1 with n-BuLi in THF yields yellow-orange crystalline [Rh(CO){HP(t-Bu)2}]2(μ-H){μ-P(t-Bu)2} (2) (74%). Reaction of a mixture of 1 and [Rh(COD)Cl]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with n-BuLi in THF produces orange [Rh(COD)](μ-H){μ-P(t-Bu)2}[Rh(CO){HP(t-Bu)2}] (3) (46%) and dark red Rh3H(COD)2(μ-CO)2{μ-P(t-Bu)2}2 (4) (25%). Reaction of 1 with Fe(CO)5 in refluxing toluene yields orange crystalline [Fe(CO)3](μ-CO){μ-P(t-Bu)2}[Rh(CO){HP(t-Bu)2}] (5) (85%). The structures of 4 and 5 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 2 has been described elsewhere. The proposed structure of 3 has a planar core with a P(t-Bu)2 unit and a hydride bridging a metal-metal bond. One rhodium atom is further coordinated by a COD (1,5-cyclooctadiene) ligand, while the other rhodium atom bears a CO group and an HP(t-Bu)2 ligand. The molecular structure of 4 consists of a linear arrangement of three rhodium atoms with single metal-metal bonds bridged by P(t-Bu)2 and CO groups. The terminal rhodium atoms are coordinated by COD ligands. The molecular structure of 5 consists of a mixed metal dinuclear complex with a single Fe—Rh bond bridged by a P(t-Bu)2 unit and a CO group in a butterfly configuration. The rhodium atom is further coordinated by a CO and an HP(t-Bu)2 ligand. The iron atom bears three terminal CO groups.
Staged approach prevents spinal cord injury in hybrid surgical-endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: an experimental model.

Background In a porcine model, we investigated the impact of sudden stent graft occlusion of thoracic intercostal arteries after open lumbar segmental artery (SA) ligation. Methods After randomization into two groups, 20 juvenile Yorkshire pigs (27.1 ± 0.6 kg) underwent open lumbar SA sacrifice (T 13 -L 5 ) followed by endovascular coverage of all thoracic SAs (T 4 -T 12 ) at 32°C, either in a single operation (group 1) or in two stages separated by seven days (group 2). Collateral network pressure (CNP) was monitored by catheterization of the SA L 1 , and postoperative hind limb function was assessed using a modified Tarlov score. Results The CNP in group 1 decreased to 34% of baseline, whereas CNP after lumbar SA ligation in group 2 fell to 55% of baseline (74 ± 2.4 to 25 ± 3.6 mm Hg vs 74 ± 4.5 to 41 ± 5.5 mm Hg; p p = 0.002 versus stage 1) from the restored CNP (71 ± 4.2 to 54 ± 4.9 mm Hg). Five of ten pigs in group 1 suffered paraplegia, in contrast to none in group 2 (median Tarlov score 6, vs 9; p = 0.0031). Histopathologic analysis showed more severe ischemic damage to the lower thoracic ( p = 0.05) and lumbar spinal cord ( p = 0.002) in group 1. Conclusions These results underline the potential of the staged approach in hybrid procedures. Furthermore they highlight the need for established adjuncts for preventing paraplegia in hybrid and pure stent-graft protocols in which sudden occlusion of multiple SAs occurs.
Synthesis of new building blocks for boron-rich oligomers in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). II. Monomers derived from 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-diols

Abstract The synthesis of several novel carborane-containing monomers for use in the construction of boronated oligophosphates via solid phase synthesis is described.
Calculation of the geometry of a small protein using semiempirical methods

Abstract When the geometry of large systems is optimized using semiempirical methods, problems are encountered that are not found in smaller systems. In particular, the geometry optimizers conventionally used are all unsuitable for the study of large systems. By modifying the popular BFGS procedure for updating the inverse Hessian matrix, and by modifying the calculation of the step, a method that appears to allow the geometries of large systems to be optimized has been developed. The new method has been applied to the calculation of crambin using PM3, in which the geometry was defined using Cartesian coordinates for the molecular backbone and internal coordinates for the side chains.
Evaluation of Family Intervention through Unobtrusive Audio Recordings: Experiences in Bugging Children.

Five children referred to a child-family intervention program wore a radio transmitter in the home during pre-intervention and termination assessments. The transmitter broadcast to a receiver-recording apparatus in the home (either activated by an interval timer at predetermined “random” times or by parents at predetermined “picked” times). “Picked” times were parent-selected situations during which problems typically occurred (e.g., bedtime). Parents activated the recorder regularly whether or not problems occurred. Child-deviant, parent-negative, and parent-commanding behaviors were significantly higher at the picked times during pretest than at random times. At posttest, behaviors in all three classes were substantially reduced at picked times, but not at random times. For individual subject data, reductions occurred in at least two of the three dependent variables for three of the five cases during random time assessments. In general, the behavioral outcome data corresponded to parent-attitude reports and parent-collected observation data.
Is Timing Everything? New Insights into Why the Effect of Estrogen Therapy on Memory Might be Age Dependent

Is Timing Everything? New Insights into Why the Effect of Estrogen Therapy on Memory Might be Age Dependent
Expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in liver of diabetic mice after acute exercise

During acute exercise, normoglycemia is maintained by a precise match between hepatic glucose production and its peripheral utilization. This is met by a complex interplay of hepatic responses and glucose uptake by muscle. However, the effect of a single bout of exercise on hepatic gluconeogenesis, corticosterone (CORT) secretion, and glucose homeostasis in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes is poorly understood. Diabetic db/db and lean control littermates were subjected to a 30 minute session of treadmill running and sacrificed either immediately after exercise or 8 hours later. Plasma glucose levels were markedly increased in db/db mice after exercise, whereas no change in glucose was observed in lean mice. Post-exercise measurements revealed that plasma CORT levels were also significantly increased in db/db mice compared to lean mice. Plasma hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone and pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were reciprocally decreased in both db/db and lean mice after exercise, indicating intact feedback mechanisms. Protein expression, determined by Western blot analysis, of the glucocorticoid receptor in liver was significantly increased in db/db mice subjected to prior exercise. In liver of db/db mice, a significant increase in the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was noted compared to lean mice after exercise. However, no change in the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) α or β was observed in db/db mice. Expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 was increased significantly in db/db mice compared to lean mice after exercise. Our results show differences in plasma glucose and protein expression of gluconeogenic enzymes after acute exercise between lean and diabetic db/db mice. The db/db diabetic mouse is hyperglycemic after acute exercise. This hyperglycemic state may be explained, in part, by enhanced endogenous CORT secretion and regulated hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 protein expression.
Urgent endotracheal intubation: reply to Moss and Venkatesan

1. Anatomic considerations. The Sellick manoeuvre is designed to occlude the oesophagus by application of force to the laryngeal apparatus (targeted on the cricoid).This presupposes that the oesophagus is positioned posterior to the point of force application. This may not be the case [3]. 2. Performance considerations. The proper performance of the Sellick manoeuvre is a potential point of quality failure. The controlled environment of the operating room with the presence of a highly qualified anaesthesiologist is very different than that of a front-line intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU). There is marked variation of technique in how to perform the manoeuvre and how intensivists are trained to perform it [4]. It has been reported that attempts at the Sellick manoeuvre degrade visualization of the vocal cords during intubation [2]. 3. Lack of evidence. We are not aware of any study that documents the efficacy of the Sellick manoeuvre when performed in the context of ICU-type UEI. This is reflected in regional differences in its use. It is not widely used in France [5]. In our experience, it is not commonly used by ICU teams in the USA.
An Image Intensifying Shutter for Observing Transient Plasmas

A pulsed image intensifying tube is described for use as a shutter in a snapshot spectroscopic investigation of a shock-heated hydrogen plasma. The shutter was placed at the image plane of a spectrograph to obtain snapshot photographs of the Hβ line profile and the underlying hydrogen continuum. Electron density measurements of 0.8−2 × 1017 cm−3 were obtained from the width of the Stark broadened Hβ line. Plasma temperatures in the range 2 eV to 6 eV were obtained from the Hβ line to hydrogen continuum ratio. An independent and simultaneous electron density measurement was obtained photoelectrically from the absolute specific intensity of the hydrogen continuum as a check on the image intensifying shutter measurements. This agreement was within the 10% experimental error. Time-resolved photographs of the plasma structure were also taken with this shutter.
A Programming Discipline for Laboratory Computing

The history of the development of digital computer systems for use in medical care and biological laboratory experiments is reviewed, with special emphasis on programming languages. The relevance to this application of techniques first used in the design of operating systems for simultaneous multiple use of large computer systems and in performing concurrent real-time tasks is demonstrated. A number of applications and specially designed computerized instruments for neurophysiology, in which the programming language Modula was used, are described. The strengths and limitations of Modula are evaluated. The essential parallelism of laboratory and clinical monitoring tasks would seem to promote the use of the emerging technology of multitasking and multiprocessor languages and systems.
Rapid Isolation of Human Stem Cells (Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells) From the Proximal Humerus During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery

Background: Bone-to-tendon healing in the shoulder can be unpredictable. Biologic augmentation, through the implementation of adult mesenchymal stem cells, may improve this healing process.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (1) arthroscopically obtain bone marrow aspirates from the proximal humerus during rotator cuff repair, (2) purify and concentrate the connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) in the operating room efficiently, and (3)confirm these are stem cells through their ability to differentiate into bone cells. We hypothesize that CTPs can be quickly and efficiently isolated from bone marrow during arthroscopic surgery and that these cells are capable of osteogenesis.Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3; and Descriptive laboratory study.Methods: Bone marrow aspirates were harvested through the anchor tunnel of the humeral head during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in 23 patients. Twenty-three matched controls were selected from a clinical registry to evaluate for increased ...
Introduction to the special series: Innovations in cognitive-behavioral approaches to schizophrenia

The purpose of this series is to highlight innovative cognitive-behavioral research on schizophrenia. Comprising six articles, the series covers state-of-the-art biobehavioral treatment, new approaches for treating delusions and hallucinations in neuroleptic-resistant patients, attributional predictors of psychotic relapse, and information-processing predictors of acquisition of medication self-management skills. These articles document the relevance and vitality of contemporary behavioral research on schizophrenia.
Characterisation of music-evoked autobiographical memories

Despite music's prominence in Western society and its importance to individuals in their daily lives, very little is known about the memories and emotions that are often evoked when hearing a piece of music from one's past. We examined the content of music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) using a novel approach for selecting stimuli from a large corpus of popular music, in both laboratory and online settings. A set of questionnaires probed the cognitive and affective properties of the evoked memories. On average, 30% of the song presentations evoked autobiographical memories, and the majority of songs also evoked various emotions, primarily positive, that were often felt strongly. The third most common emotion was nostalgia. Analyses of written memory reports found both general and specific levels of autobiographical knowledge to be represented, and several social and situational contexts for memory formation were common across many memories. The findings indicate that excerpts of popular music se...
A nanocavity in a fcc crystal

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the behavior of a cubic cavity of 14 atoms in the center of a fcc crystal. Periodic boundary conditions are imposed to eliminate free surface effects. Parameters pertaining to solid argon are presented for illustration. The technique of repeated quenching and relaxation is employed to reveal the equilibrium structure of a superheated solid without the complication of atomic vibrations. The results show that at temperatures below 50 K, the cavity remains empty all the time during simulation. At temperatures above 50 K, atoms move into the cavity. The average equilibrium number of atoms inside the cavity increases with increasing temperature corresponding to a heat of sublimation of 0.01 eV for Ar. This energy is comparable to that of the latent heat of fusion for Ar, 0.0123 eV. The cavity itself can move and change its shape. The system with a nanocavity has a melting temperature depending on the ratio of cavity size to system size. The higher this ratio, the lower the melting point. At all temperatures below the melting point, a cavity with some gas-like atoms is stable and will not dissociate into individual vacancies. On the other hand, isolated vacancies will condense into a cavity unless the temperature is so low that vacancies do not move. These results support Gleiter's contention that the grain boundary in the nanocrystalline materials may be gas-like with a density less than that of the glass-like structure usually assumed for high-angle grain boundaries.
Dental students' attitude to gender roles

This investigation assessed attitudes held by United States women and men dental students toward professional and sex role concepts. The concepts included: female dental student, male dental student, dentist, adult woman, adult man, wife and husband. These attitudes were evaluated and compared in the context of the students' current and future professional roles and their sex roles. Although there were several differences in attitudes between the two subject groups, the results suggest that the women and men dental students viewed their various roles as consistent with one another. It is particularly important to note that the women dental student is viewed by both gender groups as having professional and sex roles which do not conflict.
Ice-Induced Dynamic Behaviour of Structures

Ice research is continually challenged by new questions, The questions have evolved from the basic knowledge of ice strength itself to the evaluation of indentation forces. Even though some work is still needed to assess the reliability of values of static ice loads on large structures, the major concern lately relates to dynamic loading. The vibration of a structure on a regular basis can cause fatigue failure of members or, even worse, affect the stability of the structure by eventual liquefaction of the berm or the sand core. The mechanisms involved in the ice-structure interaction are not completely understood; the importance of the various parameters are still under study and the roles played by the ice and by the structure are not yet clearly defined. An attempt has been made to analyze a record of the vibrations experienced during an ice event in order to identify the various mechanisms involved in the ice-structure interaction process.
Population Dynamics of the Smalleye Shiner, an Imperiled Cyprinid Fish Endemic to the Brazos River, Texas

Abstract We studied the population dynamics of the smalleye shiner Notropis buccula, an imperiled cyprinid fish that is endemic to the Brazos River, Texas. Abundance, measured as the mean number captured per seine haul, varied by over an order of magnitude—from 0.4 to 4.3—during the study period. Population structure and reproductive biology were studied to obtain the parameter estimates required for construction of an age-structured population dynamics model. We included stream discharge as a driving variable and modeled age-0 survival as a function of that variable. We compared the observed abundance of smalleye shiners with the abundance predicted by the discharge model and with three null parameterizations of the model using the Akaike information criterion. The discharge-related model received the greatest support from catch data and indicated that a discharge of 6.43 m3/s is necessary for maintenance of the smalleye shiner population in the upper Brazos River drainage. Elasticity analysis and sensit...
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to fruit and vegetable consumption of high school students.

Abstract Purpose: To assess the level of nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices related to fruit and vegetable consumption of high school students attending participating parochial schools in the New Orleans area. Methods: The baseline data reported in this study, "Gimme 5: A Fresh Nutrition Concept for Students," represents one of the nine National Cancer Insitute–funded projects from the national "5-A-Day for Better Health Program" initiated in 1991. A survey containing 22 nutrition-related items about fruit and vegetables was used to assess knowledge in 2213 students. Results: On average, adolescents reported 39% correct knowledge scores. A significant ethnic effect ( p p Conclusions: Although the knowledge and consumption levels of adolescents with regard to fruits and vegetables were low, their attitudes toward learning about healthier eating practices were favorable.