cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communications for UAS integration in the NAS phase 2 - satellite communications and terrestrial extension

In order to provide for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System, the command and control communications link connecting the ground-based pilot with the unmanned aircraft must be highly reliable and robust, with national and international standards to enable interoperability and certification. Both line-of-sight (LOS) links using terrestrial-based communications and beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS) links using satellite communications, supported by national and international standards, are required for integrated UAS operations. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has undertaken an extensive technology development and test program in order to provide the required technical data needed to enable C2 standards development. NASA's UAS Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS), or UAS in the NAS Project, included as a major element the Command and Control Communications (C2) Subproject, based at NASA's Glenn Research Center. The successful first phase of the C2 Subproject, completed during 2012-2016, focused primarily on line-of-sight communications. Accomplishments included air-ground channel propagation characterization and modeling; CNPC prototype radio development; CNPC radio flight testing; satellite communications spectrum study and interference analysis; and development of C2 LOS communications standards development. The second phase of the C2 Subproject will focus primarily on beyond-line-of-sight communications, although a follow-on activity for terrestrial LOS communications, known as Terrestrial Extension, is also included. In addition to the terrestrial element, Phase 2 also includes technology development and testing activities for Ka-Band BLOS C2 Satellite Communications; Ku-Band BLOS C2 Satellite Communications; Ku-Band Interference and Propagation; and C-Band Satellite Communications. This paper will provide brief overviews of the C2 Subproject and its Phase I accomplishments, followed by a description of the plans for the C2 Subproject Phase 2.
Artistic depictions of the eyes and blindness throughout history

Summary Sight has always been the fundamental means by which we human beings relate to our environment and to each other. We use our eyesight to perceive, to understand, and to ascertain the truth. For thousands of years, artists have depicted the theme of blindness and have portrayed its transforming effects. The eyes of the blind are frequently illustrated no differently from those of other, presumably sighted, figures. In addition, since neither most artists nor observers are ophthalmologicly sophisticated, with rare exceptions, it is highly unusual for the artist to depict authentic ocular pathology. The various methods of artistic representation of blindness are given with numerous examples. While it is clear that the artistic renderings of blindness, depicted across various media of expression, are extremely varied, there have been some amazing constants throughout recorded history, even though medical understanding of, and our ability to restore, vision, has undergone almost incomprehensible change. Oscar Wilde said: “…art imitates life.” It is clear that the fear of blindness and the appreciation of our precious gift of sight, as depicted in art, have changed little over the ages.
Anesthesia for immobilization

Several methods of sedation have been described to enable successful treatment of children undergoing cranial irradiation. Careful planning and vigilance during the periprocedural period are essential to ensure the best outcomes. Standard monitoring and total intravenous anesthesia with or without a secure airway are common methods of anesthetic delivery. Observation in an adequately staffed and equipped recovery room should be considered for patients requiring a prolonged recovery from anesthesia.
Rate of Craniotomy Fusion After Free Bone Flap.

Background Craniotomy has been performed in neurologic surgery for over a century. Replacement of free bone flaps in routine craniotomies is widely practiced, however, the rate of fusion after free flap replacement is unknown. Objective To assess timing and rate of fusion after routine craniotomies. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 2200 patients who underwent craniotomies from 2002 to 2005. Fusion rates and time to fusion were evaluated. When time to fusion was taken into consideration, univariate and multivariate analyses of the impact of clinical factors on fusion rate were also examined. Results Of 171 patients with postoperative computed tomography of over 2200 patients undergoing craniotomy, 103 (60%) demonstrated solid fusion, 26 (15%) had probable fusion, and 42 (25%) had not achieved fusion. There were no significant differences when fusion was compared with demographics such as age, sex, body mass index, and history of tobacco use. Radiation therapy had a significant impact on fusion: those receiving radiation were less likely to achieve fusion ( P = 0.0082). The fusion rates at 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery were 15%, 41%, and 54%, respectively. Conclusion As expected, craniotomy fusion rates after free flap replacement increased steadily over time. We were not able to demonstrate that clinical factors such as age, sex, body mass index, diagnosis, fixation material, and radiation had an impact on fusion rate when time to fusion was accounted for. Patients receiving radiation, however, experienced fusion less frequently. Because of the scarcity of previous studies in this area, this current study serves as a platform for future studies on fusion rates after free flap replacement.
Finding optimal refueling policies: a dynamic programming approach

Given the initial fuel level and the required final fuel level, a valid vehicle refueling policy specifies a path in a transportation network and the refueling decisions for passing through the vertices on the path to reach a destination vertex from a starting vertex in the network while maintaining the fuel level between the upper and lower limits of fuel level allowed in the entire process. A valid refueling policy is optimal if it minimizes the total fuel cost to reach the destination vertex from the starting vertex. We devise a dynamicprogramming algorithm for finding optimal refueling policies.
Remote Water Quality Monitoring with an Airborne Laser Fluorosensor

Remotely measured laser-induced fluorescence spectra of surface waters, whether fresh, estuarine or marine, contain information on a multiplicity of water quality parameters and related phenomena. These include chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the optical attenuation coefficient and the density of blue-green algal blooms. In addition, both DOC and the optical attenuation coefficient can be used to map the degree and extent of water body mixing and estuarine salinity. Airborne laser fluorosensors have also been used to detect and map fluorescent tracing dyes, petroleum oil spills, pulp mill effluents and certain phycoerythrin-bearing marine phytoplankton.
Prosody-Based Unsupervised Speech Summarization with Two-Layer Mutually Reinforced Random Walk

This paper presents a graph-based model that integrates prosodic features into an unsupervised speech summarization framework without any lexical information. In particular it builds on previous work using mutually reinforced random walks, in which a two-layer graph structure is used to select the most salient utterances of a conversation. The model consists of one layer of utterance nodes and another layer of prosody nodes. The random walk algorithm propagates scores between layers to use shared information for selecting utterance nodes with highest scores as summaries. A comparative evaluation of our prosody-based model against several baselines on a corpus of academic multi-party meetings reveals that it performs competitively on very short summaries, and better on longer summaries according to ROUGE scores as well as the average relevance of selected utterances.
Investigating the Relationship between Classroom Conversation and Argumentative Writing Using Writing Moves and Types of Talk

[full article in English] In this paper, I investigate the relationships between classroom talk and dialogic literary argumentative writing. My work is situated within a larger body of recent research on argumentative writing, taking up a social practice understanding of argumentative writing as being a set of social practices that are situated within a larger process of learning over time (Newell, Bloome & Hirvela 2015). This perspective aligns with the current understandings of writing that have been taken up over the past fifteen years (Nystrand, Green & Weimelt 1993; Klein & Boscolo 2016; Newell, Beach, Smith & VanDerHeide 2011).I adopt a Bakhtinian frame to investigate classroom argumentative writing and talk, which entails a negotiation between the meaning of events and utterances through interaction. Because of this, all interactions and utterances are inherently dialogic, as they are connected to histories and in anticipation of the future. This perspective frames the teaching and learning of argumentative writing as being negotiated locally over time, with unique practices and ways of knowing established through classroom interaction. This means that the teaching and learning of argumentative practices will always be unique to the contexts in which they are practiced. After establishing this frame, I employ instructional chains and discourse analysis in order to analyze two separate classroom discussions that occurred in two separate classrooms. By doing so, I aim to answer the following questions: what is the relationship between classroom talk and dialogic literary argumentative writing as a social practice? How is talk used to define and develop DLA both in regard to argumentative moves and the concepts and ideas derived from literature?
Teacher Inquiry Develops Elementary Teachers’ Disciplinary Literacy

We examined how infusing an inquiry-based Disciplinary Literacy Project (DLP) into a graduate literacy education class influenced elementary teachers’ knowledge about disciplinary literacies and ho...
IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE STEMI PROTOCOL IMPROVES MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

Despite modern advances in care, mortality among patients with STEMI and cardiogenic shock (CS) is increasing. It is unknown whether a comprehensive STEMI protocol (CSP) can improve mortality in these patients. On 7/15/14, we implemented a CSP which included (1) Emergency Department cath lab
Asymmetric tax-induced trading: The effect of capital gains tax changes

Abstract We examine the effect of confirmed and tentative changes in long-term capital gains tax rates on direction and magnitude of tax-induced trading. Results show that investors have an asymmetric response to tax rate changes. For all tax events, investors adjust trading in losers more than in winners. Between tax events, investors respond more to a tax rate decrease than to a tax rate increase for both losing and winning stocks. Tax-induced trading activity shows that investors do not differentiate between unconfirmed and confirmed tax rate increases. Uncertainty about an impending tax rate change alters investors’ trading behavior and may affect government tax collections.
Decomposable Product Systems

In this chapter we classify decomposable product systems, that is, the product systems that are generated by their “elementary tensors.” The main result is that such a product system is either the trivial one Z, or it is isomorphic to one of the exponential product systems of Definition 3.1.6. We deduce that a type I E0semigroup either is a semigroup of automorphisms or it is cocycle conjugate to a CAR/CCR flow.
Development of New TiN/ZrO2/Al2O3/ZrO2/TiN Capacitors Extendable to 45nm Generation DRAMs Replacing HfO2 Based Dielectrics

New ZrO2/Al2O3/ZrO2 (ZAZ) dielectric film was theoretically designed and successfully demonstrated to be applicable to 45nm DRAM devices. ZAZ dielectric film is a combined structure from tetragonal ZrO2 and amorphous Al 2O3. Thus prepared ZAZ TFT capacitors showed very small Tox.eq value of 6.3Aring and low leakage current less than 1fA/cell. It was also confirmed that ZAZ TFT capacitor was thermally robust during backend full thermal process by applying it to the final DRAM product in mass production
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is marked by thrombocytopenia (often profound) occurring due to destruction of antibody sensitized platelets by the reticuloendothelial system (RES).
Interventional cardiology: Renal artery stenting--which patients will benefit?

The role of endovascular therapy in patients with renal artery stenosis continues to be very controversial. Two reports have added notable findings to the growing body of evidence on this subject. The investigators of these studies aimed to clarify which patients, if any, would benefit from renal artery stent placement.
National League of Cities Rising: How the Telecommunications Act of 1996 Could Expand Tenth Amendment Jurisprudence

Whether and how the Tenth Amendment affects Congress's Commerce Clause power has been the subject of heated debate in the Supreme Court for over thirty years. In 1976, the Court held in National Leaf!}le of Cities v. Usery that the Tenth Amendment acts to immunize certain essential aspects of state sovereignty from federal regulation. This case was later overruled as stating an unworkable rule, but the 1992 case of New York v. United States revived the Tenth Amendment as instead standing for an anti-commandeering principle. In 2000, a lone Fourth Circuit judge argued that a provision of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (TCA) violated this principle. This Note tracks the evolution of the Supreme Court's Tenth Amendment jurisprudence, analyzes how the challenge posed by the TCA falls within that evolution, and concludes that such challenge may provide the next step in the Court's surreptitious revival of National League of Cities. {Rlegillation of land llse is perhaps the quintessential state activity.!
Atomic layer deposition of GaN using GaCl3 and NH3

GaN films were grown on Si(100) substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using GaCl3 and NH3. Growth conditions were identified for which the growth rate exhibited a plateau at ∼2.0A∕cycle, consistent with self-limiting adsorption. A relatively wide temperature window (500–750°C) for ALD growth mode was also established for one flow sequence schedule. In this limit, both the (0002) and (101¯1) orientations of GaN were evident, which was attributed to the competition between vertical and lateral growths. Cl incorporation was detected by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for samples prepared with long GaCl3 exposure time. It is postulated that gas phase formation of (ClGaNH)n with n=1–3 [Kovacs, Inorg. Chem. 41, 3067 (2002)] results in higher Cl content.
Position of the Wrist Associated with the Lowest Carpal-Tunnel Pressure: Implications for Splint Design*

Increased carpal-tunnel pressure has been implicated in the pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome, but it is not known whether splints that immobilize the wrist in a functional position of extension minimize carpal tunnel pressure. To determine the position of the wrist that results in the lowest carpal-tunnel pressure, twenty control subjects and four patients who had carpal tunnel syndrome were evaluated with use of a new, dynamic method that continuously measures carpal tunnel pressure throughout the range of motion of the wrist. The pressure was measured by means of a pressure transducer connected to a flexible catheter that had been inserted into the carpal canal. The position of the wrist was measured simultaneously with use of a two-axis electrogoniometer. Aided by a computer monitor that displayed a moving line of real-time carpal-tunnel pressure, each subject was instructed to move the wrist throughout the range of motion and to adjust it to the position that corresponded to the lowest carpal-tunnel pressure. For the control subjects, the lowest carpal-tunnel pressure averaged 8 +/- 4 millimeters of mercury (1.07 +/- 0.53 kilopascals), and the average position of the wrist associated with the lowest pressure was 2 +/- 9 degrees of extension and 2 +/- 6 degrees of ulnar deviation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enabling true design for manufacturability

Summary form only given. Without any doubt, design-for-manufacturability (DFM) has been the hottest buzzword for the last couple of years. This is quite justifiable by the enormous challenges in nanometer technology nodes and ever increasing design-process interactions. As a result, virtually all EDA companies have focused on providing "DFM solutions". Since the concept of DFM covers an extremely broad spectrum of tasks, from the system level all the way to the manufacturing process, many of these DFM solutions are just design verification tasks re-labeled. We provide a more thorough classification of various DFM activities with emphasis on the design tasks. We also discuss the necessary condition to enable true DFM, i.e., the comprehensive characterization of the design-process interactions. We present a complete process characterization methodology that is capable of extracting all the salient process variations for a full set of product design attributes. We illustrate our talk by showing the yield loss Pareto for the leading technology nodes that cover all the dominant yield loss phenomena, including random, systematic and parametric mechanisms. We also demonstrate examples of design flows that take advantage of such a comprehensive characterization together with silicon results demonstrating the advantages of true DFM.
The Fli-1 Transcription Factor Regulates the Expression of CCL5/RANTES

The friend leukemia insertion site 1 (Fli-1) transcription factor, an Ets family member, is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in human patients and murine models of lupus. Lupus-prone mice with reduced Fli-1 expression have significantly less nephritis, prolonged survival, and decreased infiltrating inflammatory cells into the kidney. Inflammatory chemokines, including CCL5, are critical for attracting inflammatory cells. In this study, decreased CCL5 mRNA expression was observed in kidneys of lupus-prone NZM2410 mice with reduced Fli-1 expression. CCL5 protein expression was significantly decreased in endothelial cells transfected with Fli-1–specific small interfering RNA compared with controls. Fli-1 binds to endogenous Ets binding sites in the distal region of the CCL5 promoter. Transient transfection assays demonstrate that Fli-1 drives transcription from the CCL5 promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Both Ets1, another Ets family member, and Fli-1 drive transcription from the CCL5 promoter, although Fli-1 transactivation was significantly stronger. Ets1 acts as a dominant-negative transcription factor for Fli-1, indicating that they may have at least one DNA binding site in common. Systematic deletion of DNA binding sites demonstrates the importance of the sites located within a 225-bp region of the promoter. Mutation of the Fli-1 DNA binding domain significantly reduces transactivation of the CCL5 promoter by Fli-1. We identified a novel regulator of transcription for CCL5. These results suggest that Fli-1 is a novel and critical regulator of proinflammatory chemokines and affects the pathogenesis of disease through the regulation of factors that recruit inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation.
The Curse of the Labrador Duck: My Obsessive Quest to the Edge of Extinction. By Glen Chilton.

(2010). The Curse of the Labrador Duck: My Obsessive Quest to the Edge of Extinction. By Glen Chilton. Geographical Review: Vol. 100, No. 2, pp. 280-282.
Irradiation Hardening of Pressure Vessel Steels at 60°C: The Role of Thermal Neutrons and Boron

Six split melt A533B-type model alloys, with different combinations of copper, nickel and boron contents, were irradiated at 60 C in a neutron spectrum with a thermal-to-fast (E > 1 MeV) ratio of about 370. The resulting yield stress increases were compared to hardening produced by irradiations at a low thermal-to-fast flux ratio. The latter data were obtained in a larger experiment on 60 C hardening that showed: (i) a negligible effect of flux; (ii) hardening increases with the square root of fluence above a low threshold; and (iii) an individually weak, but collectively significant, influence of copper, nickel, manganese, phosphorus and molybdenum. These and other observations have been interpreted to suggest that low temperature hardening is caused by features formed in displacement cascades. However, this interpretation is not consistent with the results of this study which show that yield stress increases are even larger for conditions dominated by low energy PKAs created by thermal neutrons. The thermal-to-fast dpa hardening efficiency factor was estimated to be about 1.7 {+-} 0.5, which is comparable to the corresponding theoretical ratio of residual defects. The data also suggest that transmutant products from the {sup 10}B(n,{alpha}) reaction may contribute a small increment to hardening.
T Cell TRAIL Promotes Murine Lupus by Sustaining Effector CD4 Th Cell Numbers and by Inhibiting CD8 CTL Activity

T cells play an essential role in driving humoral autoimmunity in lupus. Molecules such as TRAIL exhibit strong T cell modulatory effects and are up-regulated in lupus, raising the possibility that they may influence disease severity. To address this possibility, we examined the role of TRAIL expression on pathogenic T cells in an induced model of murine lupus, the parent-into-F 1 (P→F 1 ) model of chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), using wild-type or TRAIL-deficient donor T cells. Results were compared with mice undergoing suppressive acute GVHD. Although chronic GVHD mice exhibited less donor T cell TRAIL up-regulation and IFN-α-inducible gene expression than acute GVHD mice, donor CD4 + T cell TRAIL expression in chronic GVHD was essential for sustaining effector CD4 + Th cell numbers, for sustaining help to B cells, and for more severe lupus-like renal disease development. Conversely, TRAIL expression on donor CD8 + T cells had a milder, but significant down-regulatory effect on CTL effector function, affecting the perforin/granzyme pathway and not the Fas ligand pathway. These results indicate that, in this model, T cell-expressed TRAIL exacerbates lupus by the following: 1) positively regulating CD4 + Th cell numbers, thereby sustaining T cell help for B cells, and 2) to a lesser degree by negatively regulating perforin-mediated CD8 + CTL killing that could potentially eliminate activated autoreactive B cells.
Lasting epigenetic influence of early-life adversity on the BDNF gene.

Background Childhood maltreatment and early trauma leave lasting imprints on neural mechanisms of cognition and emotion. With a rat model of infant maltreatment by a caregiver, we investigated whether early-life adversity leaves lasting epigenetic marks at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) gene in the central nervous system. Methods During the first postnatal week, we exposed infant rats to stressed caretakers that predominately displayed abusive behaviors. We then assessed DNA methylation patterns and gene expression throughout the life span as well as DNA methylation patterns in the next generation of infants. Results Early maltreatment produced persisting changes in methylation of BDNF DNA that caused altered BDNF gene expression in the adult prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we observed altered BDNF DNA methylation in offspring of females that had previously experienced the maltreatment regimen. Conclusions These results highlight an epigenetic molecular mechanism potentially underlying lifelong and transgenerational perpetuation of changes in gene expression and behavior incited by early abuse and neglect.
Diurnal and seasonal behavior of discrete white clouds on Mars

Two distinct types of discrete white 'clouds' on Mars are found to show periodic activity that is highly correlated with the Martian seasons. In addition to the seasonal cycle, Type I clouds exhibit a repetitive diurnal variation, forming in the late morning or early afternoon and continuing to brighten for several hours thereafter. They are still bright as they pass over the evening terminator, but are not visible at that time when they should be reappearing over the morning terminator. Type I clouds seem to be associated with warm regions on Mars and are believed to be true clouds of frozen water vapor. Type II 'clouds' show no diurnal variation, are associated with cold regions, and may be CO2 frost rather than clouds.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURES OF THREE EDGE-SHARING BIOCTAHEDRAL COMPOUNDS OF (VI) A METALS CONTAINING FORMAMIDINATO LIGANDS

The direct oxidation of Mo2 (DTolF)4 with PhICl2 in CH2Cl2 and crystallization from toluene resulted in the isolation of the edge-sharing dimolybdenum (III,IV) compound Mo2 (DTolF)4Cl3·C7H8·C6H14 (1), containing two DTolF− ligands that are bridging, one that is chelating and one that bridges the metal centers in a monodentate fashion. The oxidation of Cr2 (DTolF)4 by the same method yielded the symmetrical dichromium(III,III) compound Cr2(DTolF)4Cl2·3C6H6 (2), containing two bridging and two chelating DTolF− ligands. Refluxing MoCl3(THF)3 and HDPhF with PPh4Cl in o-dichlorobenzene followed by crystallization from CH2Cl2 yielded [PPh4][Mo2(DPhF)2(NPh)Cl5]·2CH2Cl2 (3), in which the bridging imido NPh2− group is thought to have resulted from the cleavage of formamidine molecules. The structures of these compounds have been determined by X-ray crystallography and their crystallographic data are as follows: 1, monoclinic P21/n with a = 14.384(2), b = 20.913(2), c = 23.601(1) A, β = 102.498(6)°, V = 6931(1) A3, Z = 4, R = 0.049, wR2 = 0.121; 2,triclinic P1 with a = 10.128(4), b = 11.817(4), c = 14.859(7) A, α = 103.51(4), β = 95.80(4), γ = 95.80°, V = 1707(1) A3, Z = 1, R = 0.067, Rw = 0.084; 3, triclinic P1 with a = 15.268(8), b = 20.024(2), c = 10.401(1) A, α = 90.36(1), β = 97.80(2), γ = 69.92(2)°, V = 2956(2) A3, Z = 2, R = 0.043, wR2 = 0.105.
Heads or Tails: The Zooarchaeology of Aleut Salmon Storage on Unimak Island, Alaska

Abstract Identifying salmon processing and storage is a critical area of research among archaeologists investigating salmon's role in prehistory. The basic zooarchaeological model, based on ethnographic and historic observations, predicts a dichotomy between processing sites containing discarded cranial elements and winter villages dominated by salmon vertebrae or other elements indicative of stored fillets. Examination of the salmon preservation methods practiced by the Aleut and Alutiiq people of southwest Alaska supports this archaeological model, with the additional observation that fish processing sites often contain the remains of salmon consumed while at fish camp. Excavations on Unimak Island, Alaska, provide well-preserved faunal assemblages necessary for evaluating the zooarchaeological model. Adjacent to a salmon stream, the West Terrace Camp (UNI-072) produced an assemblage dominated by salmon head parts with a smaller amount of post-cranial elements consistent with the modern practice of eating fresh salmon and some additional salmon heads while at camp. Agayadan Village (UNI-067), in contrast, is located a short distance away on the Bering Sea coast, and contained an assemblage dominated by salmon fins and vertebrae indicating the consumption and discard of stored fillets and backbones. The Agayadan Village fauna resembles assemblages documented at other northern villages, suggesting widespread similarities in salmon processing and preservation practices. The West Terrace Camp assemblage is unique when compared to published archaeological reports and suggests that fish processing camps will be identified by the discarded remains of salmon consumed at camp rather than by the salmon portions discarded during the butchery process.
Learning the distance metric in a personal ontology

Personal ontology construction is the task of sorting through relevant materials, identifying the main topics and concepts, and organizing them to suit personal needs. Automatic construction of personal ontologies is difficult in part because measuring the semantic distance between two concepts is difficult. Knowledge-based approaches use either knowledge bases, such as WordNet, or lexico-syntactic patterns to induce the differences between concepts. However, these techniques are only applicable for a subset of concepts and leave the majority unmeasurable. On the other hand, statistical approaches are able to induce the differences between any concept pair but lack of human knowledge involvement and hence suffer from low precision.In the context of personal ontology construction, semantic distances between concepts need to reflect personal preferences. Based on that, this paper presents a supervised hierarchical clustering framework to incorporate personal preferences for distance metric learning in personal ontology construction. In this framework, periodic manual guidance provides training data for learning a distance metric and the learned metric is used during automatic activities to further construct the ontology. A detailed user study demonstrates that the approach is effective and accelerates the construction of personal ontologies.
The one-lump Linvill model of a semiconductor region with arbitrary doping profile and recombination. Application for a model of lateral transistor

Abstract The current space-dependent due to recombination, and likewise the concentration of minority carriers exceeding equilibrium can be described as function series in a particular case when the carrier concentration is zero at one boundary of the examined region. By superimposing two series where this requirement is fulfilled at the two opposite boundaries, the general solutions of current and the minority carrier concentration are demonstrated. Using the general solution of the current, the one-lump Linvill model of a region with arbitrary doping profile is determined. As an example of this method, the one-lump model of the p - n - p lateral transistor was developed. By calculating the currents in the model arms, the d.c. current gain, the frequency limit f T and I c max are determined.
A new endoscopic technique for the removal of gastric phytobezoars

Background: There is no standardized method for the evacuation of gastric phytobezoars. Prior endoscopic attempts have used injected cellulase and various devices to disrupt bezoars. The efficacy of directed, large-channel suction using an endoscope for the removal of large gastric phytobezoars is the subject of this study. Methods: Three consecutive patients with large gastric bezoars were examined. Phytobezoar removal using a standard endoscope (GIF-100, Olympus) was attempted but unsuccessful. Each phytobezoar was successfully evacuated by directed suction through an endoscope with a large-diameter accessory channel (GIF-XT30, Olympus). Each patient was followed up for bezoar recurrence. Results: Rapid, complete bezoar evacuation was achieved at one session in all patients. Aspirated volumes were 500, 700, and 1000 mL. There were no procedure-related complications. Conclusions: Endoscopic suction removal of gastric phytobezoars using a large-channel endoscope is efficacious and safe. Coupling directed endoscopic suction with other endoscopic techniques might be efficacious for removal of more complex bezoars.
Zigzag diffusion paths in multiphase diffusion couples

Abstract The diffusion path in a multiphase diffusion couple is predicted to follow a zigzag course when the following conditions are met: the concentration differences between the diffusion couple alloys are small, the alloys contain the same phases, there is one more component in the alloys than the number of phases, and all diffusion takes place in one continuous phase that has a constant diffusivity. An analytical model for the general case of n components and p phases is given that consists of both Heaviside and error functions. The model is consistent with a proposal made by Roper and Whittle concerning “composite diffusion paths” in two-phase ternary systems.
Influences on articulatory timing in consonant sequences

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of articulatory timing in English consonant sequences using electropalatography (EPG). Effects of consonantal place, manner, and syllable structure on reduction and temporal overlap are considered. The results evidence reduction in coda position and show that stops are more subject to coda reduction than are fricatives. Coronal consonants are shown to be more overlapped by a following velar stop than a velar stop is by a following coronal. Stops are more overlapped by a following consonant than are fricatives. Finally, an onset cluster is shown to be less overlapped and less variable in its timing than coda clusters and heterosyllabic sequences. These findings support the claim that inter-gestural coordination is variable and affected by linguistic factors-both gestural and prosodic.
A framework for determining road pricing revenue use and its welfare effects

In the last five decades, much of the focus on travel cost has been on what form pricing should take, whether it should be a direct road toll, in the form a Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) tax, encapsulated in the gas tax, or by some other mechanism. An area that has received much less attention, but is nonetheless important when considering any pricing change, is the impact of such mechanisms on traveler welfare and travel time savings. While an increase in the cost of travel may achieve traffic flow efficiencies, it may also unduly burden low-income travelers or unjustly benefit higher-income drivers. An important aspect of the road pricing debate is not just whether pricing will produce an efficient market, but also if such pricing is implemented, how the generated revenue will be managed. We propose a model to analyze transport equity by measuring change in traveler welfare and travel time savings as a result of a mix of road pricing, revenue recycling (tax cuts) and transit subsidies. In this paper we introduce a multimodal travel demand model to incorporate road pricing mechanisms with various subsidy options. A base case and five scenarios are developed to address various hypothetical pricing scenarios. We find the structure of the road pricing mechanism on average has a small impact on annual per capita traveler welfare. Replacing the state gas tax with a VMT tax can have a positive impact on traveler welfare, particularly for lower-income groups and rural residents. A VMT tax increase would be the least detrimental to welfare, especially for low-income groups.
Beta-adrenergic blockers in silent myocardial ischemia

Factors contributing to the development of exercise-induced painful ischemia, such as actions of the central nervous system and catecholamines, have been well identified, but the mechanisms by which nonexercise-related silent episodes of ischemia are provoked are unknown. Possible mechanisms receiving much study in recent years are those having the potential to influence the myocardial oxygen supply-demand relation. Beta-adrenergic receptor stimulations, by increasing myocardial oxygen demand through augmentation of heart rate and contractility (beta 1), may mediate responses that cause ischemia or perpetuate ischemic episodes induced by other means. Other receptors (beta 2) may mediate coronary and peripheral vascular constriction, limiting myocardial oxygen supply and further increasing myocardial oxygen demand. Studies have investigated the effect of beta blockade on ischemic episodes in patients with a variety of clinical forms of coronary heart disease. Beta blockade has been shown to reduce the frequency and duration of silent and painful ischemic episodes in patients with effort angina and rest angina. The data suggest that heart rate and perhaps other changes observed with use of beta blockade play an important role in silent ischemia; heart rate at specific times throughout the day, particularly in the late A.M., and the increase in heart rate seen in conjunction with silent ischemic episodes are all decreased with administration of beta blockade. Results of a recent study focusing only on silent ischemia showed that beta-blocker treatment with metoprolol, compared with placebo, significantly reduced total silent ischemic time (frequency and duration of episodes) in all periods examined.
Analysis of the quantitative structure activity relationship of technetium-99m-labeled diaminedithiol (DADT) and propyleneamineoxime (PAO) brain blood flow analogues

In the search for new brain imaging agents for the use with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of the correlations between initial brain uptake and physicochemical parameters like lipophilicity, log P, molecular weight, log MW and log UD (undissociated/dissociated), of the 99mTc-DADT (diaminedithiol) complexes and 99mTc-PAO (propyleneamineoxime) complexes have been analyzed. High correlations are found for both the 99mTc-DADT complexes (r = 0.94) and for the 99mTc-PAO complexes (r = 0.83) which are significant at 99.9 and 99.5 percentile level, respectively. These results will help the further design of better ligands for 99mTc in brain imaging.
Lesions of the islands of Langerhans produced by a styryl quinoline derivative.

SummarySix quinoline derivatives have been administered intravenously and subcutaneously to rabbits and rats. There was no functional or anatomical evidence of damage to the islands of Langerhans or to any other organ under the conditions employed.A seventh compound, N- 2-(p-Diethylaminostyryl)-6-methyl quinoline-ethochloride caused lesions of the islands resembling the early necrosis produced by alloxan. The lesions occurred in 8 of 28 animals tested. Islet necrosis was always associated with lethal dosage but death from the drug was not always accompanied by necrosis. Tubular damage in the kidney was found in all cases examined. Survival with diabetes was not observed.
Interpretation of Photoabsorption in the Vicinity of the 3d Edges in La, Er, and Tm

Line spectra at the $3d$ photoabsorption edges of La, Er, and Tm are interpreted as transitions of the type $3{d}^{10}4{f}^{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{d}^{9}4{f}^{N+1}$. Calculated relative $\mathrm{gf}$ values for these transitions are compared with published absorption curves.
Abstract 122: 15-lipoxygenase-1 regulation of HIF-1a and angiogenesis

Expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1(15-LOX-1) is down-regulated in colon and other major human cancer cells. 15-LOX-1 re-expression in cancer cells suppresses colonic tumorigenesis. We recently reported that targeted transgenic 15-LOX-1 expression in murine intestine suppresses colonic tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the role of 15-LOX-1 loss of expression in cancer epithelial cells in metastases continues to be debated. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1a) is a transcriptional master regulator that enhances cancer cell survival under hypoxia and the development of various metastatic mechanisms (e.g. upregulation of VEGF to promote angiogenesis). We therefore examined the effects of 15-LOX-1 expression restoration in colon cancer cells on cell survival, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and HIF-1a expression and stability under hypoxia. We found that 15-LOX-1 re-expression in colon cancer cells inhibited colon cancer cell survival, migration and invasion, VEGF expression, HUVEC cell tubular formation, and HIF-1a protein stability under hypoxia. These findings demonstrate that the loss of 15-LOX-1 significantly contribute to the ability of colon cancer cells to acquire metastasis promoting abilities by increasing a HIF-1 protein stability to up-regulate VEGF production of cancer cells and subsequently angiogenesis. Thus, therapeutic targeting 15-LOX-1 ubiquitous loss in cancer cells has the potential to be used to suppress tumor metastases. Citation Format: Yuanqing Wu, Fei Mao, Xiangsheng Zuo, Micheline J. Moussalli, Elias Elias, Imad Shureiqi. 15-lipoxygenase-1 regulation of HIF-1a and angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 122. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-122
Isospin coherence and final-state scattering of a disoriented chiral condensate.

We examine the validity of the notion of the coherent state for pions and the quantum scattering effect in the final state of pion emission. When the number of particles is large, the effect caused by the small but finite mass difference between the neutral and charged pions can add up substantially in the quantum evolution of an initially coherent state. As a result, the states with quite different numbers of neutral or charged pions are essentially {ital incoherent}. The importance of the quantum scattering in the final-state isospin charge distribution of a disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) is investigated. We find that the scattering effect significantly reduces the spectacular Centauro and anti-Centauro events. A deformation of the charge distribution {ital dP}/{ital df} predicted by the classical field theory is significant only for a DCC with a size of 10 fm or more.
Human and animal studies of schizophrenia-related gating deficits.

Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) of the startle response and the P50 auditory-evoked potential suppression are used to assess impairments in the regulation of the neural substrates and to determine the clinical significance of inhibitory deficits in schizophrenia. The study of gating deficits in schizophrenia and in related animal model studies have already advanced our understanding of the neural substrates of information processing abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder as well as clinically unaffected family members of patients with schizophrenia show PPI and P50 suppression deficits. These "schizophrenic spectrum" populations are not grossly psychotic, nor are they receiving antipsychotic medications. Therefore, the gating deficits are presumed to reflect core (eg, intermediate phenotypic) schizophrenialinked information processing abnormalities. Several studies have reported that gating deficits are associated with clinical ratings of psychiatric symptoms, thought disorder, and neuropsychologic deficits in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, recent human pharmacologic studies have indicated that gating deficits can be reversed by rationallyselected compounds. Animal model studies have generally shown convergence with the human studies and may lead to improved identification of efficacious new antipsychotic medications for patients with schizophrenia.
Energy Level Shifts in a Large Enclosure

It is proved that for a particle enclosed in a large box, a potential shifts the energy levels by an amount which, as the volume v of the enclosure tends to infinity in a suitable manner, becomes proportional to ${E}^{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\delta}(E){v}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}}$, where $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is the corresponding phase shift. Application of this result to the many-particle problem is discussed.
CURRENT REQUIREMENTS FOR GETTING A DRIVERS LICENSE IN THE UNITED STATES

In the United States there are few restrictions on where, when, and with whom young people can drive once licensed, and thus the learning period prior to licensing is important. An assessment was made of the requirements for obtaining a license in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. There is substantial variation in prelicensure requirements, and many jurisdictions allow a quick and easy route through the learning phase. Only 30 jurisdictions require that a learner's permit be obtained; only 11 of these require the permit to be held for a minimum period, ranging from 14 to 90 days. Driver education prior to licensure is required in 26 states. Fourteen states have neither permit nor driver education requirements. Requiring supervised learner's permit periods of several months is one method to encourage sufficient supervised driving experience prior to licensure, and it is an essential component of a graduated licensing system.
Influence of Some Vasoactive Drugs on Fibrinolytic Activity

The phenomenon of fibrinolysis in thromboembolic disease is of great importance. In this communication the authors present striking evidence of fibrinolysis induced by drugs.
Abstract 3925: IGF2 activation of HER2 receptor in HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Overexpression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is detected in 20-30% of breast cancers. Overexpression of HER2 is linked to poor prognosis, more aggressive phenotype, and resistance to chemotherapy and hormonal treatment. HER2 is part of a four member family of cell surface receptors that are implicated in transmission of signals controlling cell growth and differentiation. HER2 has an intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase catalytic activity and dimerization of HER2 activates the MAP kinase and AKT pathways. HER2 receptor also heterodimerizes with the IGF1 receptor and can be activated by IGF1 receptor ligand. The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has an important role in fetal and cancer development signaling through the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (InsR), and cross-talk with the estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα, ERs). We hypothesized that binding of IGF-II to the IGF-1R/HER2 dimer may activate the HER2 signaling pathway. We characterized the IGF2 mRNA and protein levels in HER2 positive cell lines (BT474, SKBR3, and ZR 75-30) by qPCR and Western blot. We also analyzed the effect of IGF2 treatment on the phosphorylation levels of HER2. We measured the signaling levels of HER2 and IGF1R in the presence and absence of IGF2. Our study showed that IGF2 increases HER2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, blocking IGF1R increases HER2 protein levels. Thus, we propose that IGF2 has an important role in the activation of HER2 signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3925. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3925
The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity

Abstract The present project utilized the Five Factor Model of personality (FFM; McCrae & Costa, 1990 ) to clarify the multi-faceted nature of impulsivity. The NEO-PI-R and a number of commonly used impulsivity measures were administered to over 400 young adults. Exploratory factor analyses identified four distinct personality facets associated with impulsive-like behavior which were labeled urgency, (lack of) premeditation, (lack of) perseverance, and sensation seeking. Each of these traits was marked by a different facet of the FFM. Following the initial factor identification, scales to measure each of the personality facets were created and combined to form the UPPS Impulsive Behavior scale. Implications for the understanding of impulsive behavior and the FFM are discussed, as are future applications of the UPPS impulsive behavior scale.