cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of parental leave policies

A model of a firm' decision to guarantee job reinstatement following a parental leave is constructed. Guaranteed reinstatement emerges if the worker is willing to sacrifice wages greater than or equal to the minimum amount a firm requires for the policy. Predictions from the model find support in the empirical analysis. Firm size, training costs, and unions increase, which mobility of jobs skills decrease, the likelihood of a guaranteed leave.
The Breeding Structure of Tropical Tree Populations

Abstract Several approaches were used to study the breeding structure of tropical tree populations located on Barro Colorado Island, Republic of Panama. Allozyme analyses of 16 woody species indicated that the distribution of genetic diversity among collection sites was closely associated with the species’breeding system and seed dispersal mechanism. Low levels of diversity observed among collection sites separated by 1–2 km indicate that intersite gene flow is high. Estimates of the proportion of outcrossing obtained for seven species indicated that the majority (6) were highly outcrossed. A significant amount of tree to tree heterogeneity in pollen allele frequencies also existed for each outcrossing species. Degree of heterogencity in pollen allele frequencies received by maternal trees was negatively associated with flowering tree density. In the mixed mating species, Cavanillesia plantanifolia, the proportion of selfing was closely related to flowering tree density. A significant proportion of the pollen received by individuals of these eight species came from relative few individuals. Pollen movement within populations was estimated for two canopy species. Long distance pollen movement (>750m) was extensive (>20%) in both species. The breeding structure of these tropical species appears to be a mixture of near-neighbor (30%–50%) and long-distance pollen movement (10%–25%). If this pattern is typical of tropical tree species, it has important implications for the genetic structure of populations as well as for the design of conservation areas.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Lake Trout Bioenergetics Model

Abstract Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, aged 3 and 6 years and with average weights of 700 and 2,000 g, were grown in laboratory tanks for up to 407 d under a thermal regime similar to that experienced by lake trout in nearshore Lake Michigan. Lake trout were fed alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, prey typical of lake trout in Lake Michigan. Of the 120 lake trout used in the experiment, 40 were fed a low ration (0.25% of their body weight per day), 40 were fed a medium ration (0.5% of their body weight per day), and 40 were fed a high ration (ad libitum). We measured consumption and growth, and we compared observed consumption with that predicted by the Wisconsin bioenergetics model. For lake trout fed the medium ration, model predictions for monthly consumption were unbiased. Moreover, predicted cumulative consumption by medium-ration lake trout for the entire experiment (320 d for smaller lake trout and 407 d for larger lake trout) agreed quite well with observed cumulative...
Exact Risks of Sequential Point Estimators of the Exponential Parameter

Abstract Under purely sequential sampling schemes, a theory is developed for the exact determination of the distributions of two classes of stopping variables (rules) in order to handle point estimation problems for the parametric functionals in an exponential distribution. Explicit formulae are derived for the expected value and risks of sequential estimators of the mean, failure rate, and reliability function of an exponential distribution. These are utilized to compare performances of several competing estimators of the mean and the failure rate. Recommended by Ben Boukai
Busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide as conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has enabled the use of high-dose alkylating agents either as a single agent or in combination with other cytotoxic agents and/or total body irradiation (TBI) for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Despite improved complete remission rates, relapse and regimen-related toxicities remain challenging. In an effort to increase event-free survival and decrease the high incidence of regimen-related toxicity, we have studied the use of etoposide in combination with reduced-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide as a conditioning regimen for ASCT in a group of 26 patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Median follow-up for the group was 30 months. There was no early treatment-related mortality. The main toxicity was mucositis. Otherwise, there was 1 case of reversible, clinically diagnosed hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Post-engraftment, 10 patients (38%) achieved CR, 15 (58%) patients achieved PR or SD, and 1 patient developed progressive disease (4%). Five patients in PR and 1 with progressive disease before transplant attained a CR post-transplant. The median times for event-free survival and overall survival after transplantation were 24 and 43 months, respectively. In conclusion, conditioning with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide followed by ASCT is a safe regimen with comparable effectiveness to other previously used preparative regimens, thus providing another approach of non-TBI containing high-dose chemotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma.
Development of an instrument to measure seniors' patient safety health beliefs: the Seniors Empowerment and Advocacy in Patient Safety (SEAPS) survey

Abstract Objective To develop a survey to measure seniors’ embracement of ambulatory patient safety self-advocacy behaviors, the Senior Empowerment and Advocacy in Patient Safety (SEAPS) survey. Methods Content was developed by review of published recommendations combined with interviews and focus groups with community members; items were generated for subscales based on the health belief model (HBM). Psychometric characteristics were assessed by cluster and correlation analyses on a pilot test of 143 community dwelling seniors; the ability of the subscales and demographic variables to predict reported behavior was investigated by multiple regression. Results The four subscales of the SEAPS were outcome efficacy (OE), attitudes (ATT), self-efficacy (SE) and behaviors (BEH). Cronbach alphas were 0.74 for ATT, 0.79 for BEH, and 0.91 for OE and SE. Analysis of variance showed that there were no differences in any subscale score by race, education level or frequency of doctor visits, but women were noted to have significantly higher scores ( p p p p = .24). Conclusions We have developed a short, 21-item self-administered survey to assess seniors’ views about their participation in safety tasks. Practice implications We believe the SEAPS shows promise to be a tool for evaluating interventions and training programs aimed at improving seniors’ self-advocacy skills. Effective interventions may improve the involvement of patients in their own safety in the clinical setting.
Barbiturate Therapy in Uncontrolled Intracranial Hypertension

From July 1978 to September 1981, 27 patients from a group of 210 patients with severe head injuries developed uncontrolled intracranial hypertension despite intensive medical and surgical management. These 27 patients were considered appropriate candidates for barbiturate therapy. Abnormal posturing or flaccidity was present in 70% of the patients, and 41% had bilaterally fixed pupils. Twenty-five of 27 patients had mass lesions requiring operation. Of the 15 patients who responded to barbiturate therapy with normalization of intracranial pressure for 24 hours, 5 died (33% mortality). Nine of the 12 patients who did not respond to the barbiturate therapy died (75% mortality). The total mortality in this group of 27 patients was 52%. Of the survivors, 69% had a recovery classified as good recovery/moderate disability, and 31% were in a severe disability/vegetative state. The morbidity and mortality in these patients is high, but comparisons with previous studies show that this is a selected group of severe head injuries with a high percentage of poor prognostic indicators. Our experience suggests that barbiturates can be effective in lowering intracranial pressure in patients with otherwise unresponsive intracranial hypertension, and, by doing so, may decrease the mortality in a group of patients considered untreatable by the usual therapeutic modalities.
Isolation of soluble and insoluble PrP oligomers in the normal human brain.

The central event in the pathogenesis of prion diseases involves a conversion of the host-encoded cellular prion protein PrPC into its pathogenic isoform PrPSc 1. PrPC is detergent-soluble and sensitive to proteinase K (PK)-digestion, whereas PrPSc forms detergent-insoluble aggregates and is partially resistant to PK2-6. The conversion of PrPC to PrPSc is known to involve a conformational transition of α-helical to β-sheet structures of the protein. However, the in vivo pathway is still poorly understood. A tentative endogenous PrPSc, intermediate PrP* or "silent prion", has yet to be identified in the uninfected brain7. Using a combination of biophysical and biochemical approaches, we identified insoluble PrPC aggregates (designated iPrPC) from uninfected mammalian brains and cultured neuronal cells8, 9. Here, we describe detailed procedures of these methods, including ultracentrifugation in detergent buffer, sucrose step gradient sedimentation, size exclusion chromatography, iPrP enrichment by gene 5 protein (g5p) that specifically bind to structurally altered PrP forms10, and PK-treatment. The combination of these approaches isolates not only insoluble PrPSc and PrPC aggregates but also soluble PrPC oligomers from the normal human brain. Since the protocols described here have been used to isolate both PrPSc from infected brains and iPrPC from uninfected brains, they provide us with an opportunity to compare differences in physicochemical features, neurotoxicity, and infectivity between the two isoforms. Such a study will greatly improve our understanding of the infectious proteinaceous pathogens. The physiology and pathophysiology of iPrPC are unclear at present. Notably, in a newly-identified human prion disease termed variably protease-sensitive prionopathy, we found a new PrPSc that shares the immunoreactive behavior and fragmentation with iPrPC 11, 12. Moreover, we recently demonstrated that iPrPC is the main species that interacts with amyloid-β protein in Alzheimer disease13. In the same study, these methods were used to isolate Abeta aggregates and oligomers in Alzheimer's disease13, suggesting their application to non-prion protein aggregates involved in other neurodegenerative disorders.
Percutaneous needle biopsy in the diagnosis and classification of lymphoma.

Results of percutaneous needle biopsies were evaluated retrospectively in 58 patients in whom a diagnosis of lymphoma was suspected. The biopsy specimen was diagnostic in 94% of the 36 patients with lymphoma, 20 of whom had recurrent disease and 16 of whom had newly diagnosed lymphoma. Sufficient tissue was obtained in 94% of these positive biopsy specimens to allow histologic subtyping of the lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies performed on seven of the biopsy specimens allowed immunologic subclassi-fication into B-cell and T-cell types of lymphoma. Our results suggest that the percutaneous needle biopsy is a useful and reliable tool in the diagnosis and classification of lymphoma.
Rogue Traders, Suspect Citizens and the Invisible Hand: Crisis in the Theater of Responsibility

Since 2008 the language of economic crisis has dominated American political discourse. In this article it is argued that within the context of the current economic crisis, there has been a shift from market-talk that displaces human agency to an active naming and production of blameworthy subjects. This, it is suggested, serves a political and ideological function by focusing attention on individuals and groups and away from a confrontation with the normative and systemic violence of capitalism itself. By attending to the multiple corollary discourses of responsibility through which the economic crisis is framed this article interrogates the ways in which responsibility renders political moments intelligible through ascriptions of blame and accountability that both structure how economic crisis is perceived and delimit possible responses to economic events. It is suggested that in order to respond effectively to normative problems, systemic violence, and structural injustice we must first deconstruct the ...
High Altitude Residence During Pregnancy Alters Cytokine and Catecholamine Levels

This study assessed the impact of high altitude residence during pregnancy on parameters of maternal immune and endocrine system function. Urinary catecholamines, and serum cytokines, estriol, and cortisol were assessed during pregnancy in women living at moderate or high altitude. Women residing at high altitude exhibited elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines only during pregnancy, and tended to have higher levels of catecholamines during pregnancy than women living at lower altitude. These data suggest that the combination of high altitude and pregnancy alters the maternal neural-immune axis in a manner that may predispose women to suboptimal birth outcomes.
A MICROTEXTURE STUDY OF PALYGORSKITE-RICH SEDIMENTS FROM THE HAWTHORNE FORMATION, SOUTHERN GEORGIA, BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

A microtexture analysis by TEM and AFM of palygorskite deposits from the Hawthorne Formation, southern Georgia is given. Palygorskite is the dominant mineral comprising an average of 65–70% of the sample volume with smaller volumes of smectite, illite and kaolinite. Morphologic observations indicate that the palygorskite formed in an unconfined environment, such as in the water column or in open-pore space. Some palygorskite textures appear to be secondary growths filling voids. An unusual texture is observed where smectite or illite-smectite (Reichweite, R = 0) form epitaxially on detrital illite and kaolinite particles. Oxides of Fe and Ti are common, and authigenic cassiterite is present but rare. Apatite is a common trace mineral in these sediments and occurs in a variety of textures. Apatite occurs as clusters which are believed to be small fecal pellets. These clusters have been partially dissolved and recrystallized and the crystals in the clusters are 50–100 µm in diameter. Other apatite crystals occur either as single crystals or in clusters that are not associated with fecal pellets. The textural data of this study suggest that there was an evolving and complex mineralogical and geochemical system during and after deposition of the palygorskite deposits in the Hawthorne. The epitaxial overgrowths of smectite on detrital illite and kaolinite particles indicate an intermittent stratified water column occurring in the system. Freshwater was introduced into the system from the northeast of the Apalachicola embayment and overrode more saline water in the southwest portion of the embayment. The results of this study are consistent with previous environmental interpretations and provide additional details.
Influence of Initial Vorticity Distribution on Axisymmetric Vortex Breakdown and Reconnection

An analytical treatment has been developed to study some of the axisymmetric vortex breakdown and reconnection fluid dynamic processes underlying body-vortex interactions that are frequently manifested in rotorcraft and propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft wakes. In particular, the presence of negative vorticity in the inner core of a vortex filament (one example of which is examined in this paper) subsequent to "cutting" by a solid body has a profound influence on the vortex reconnection, leading to analog flow behavior similar to vortex breakdown phenomena described in the literature. Initial vorticity distributions (three specific examples which are examined) without an inner core of negative vorticity do not exhibit vortex breakdown and instead manifest diffusion-like properties while undergoing vortex reconnection. Though this work focuses on laminar vortical flow, this work is anticipated to provide valuable insight into rotary-wing aerodynamics as well as other types of vortical flow phenomena.
The Challenges of Intrusion Detection Compression Technology

Database management system (DBMS) controls and manages data to eliminate data redundancy and to ensure integrity, consistency and availability of the data, among other features. Even though DBMS vendors continue to offer greater automation and simplicity in managing databases, the need for specialized intrusion detection database compression technology has not yet been addressed. Our research focuses on developing such technology. The focus is not only on compression but also on database management through planning and best practice adoption to improve operational efficiency, and provide lower costs, privacy and security. The focus in this summary is on the compression part of the DMBS system for intrusion detection. We present a methodology employing grammar-based and large alphabet compression techniques which involves the generation of multiple dictionaries for compressing clustered subfiles of a very large data file. One of the dictionaries is a common dictionary which models features common to the subfiles. In addition, non-common features of each subfile are modeled via an auxiliary dictionary. Each clustered subfile is compressed using the augmented dictionary consisting of the common dictionary together with the auxiliary dictionary for that subfile.
The internal constitutions of the inner planets and the moon

The internal structures of the moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury are examined in the light of what is known about the constitution of the earth. The gravitational figure of the earth as obtained from orbits of artificial satellites is used to estimate the possible deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium on other planets. Observations of the orbital and rotational motion of the moon are consistent with the hypothesis that the interior of the moon supports density inhomogeneities of the same order as those supported by the earth. The available data on the moon are insufficient to determine whether or not the moon is differentiated. The orbits of Phobos and Deimos yield an adequate value for the moment of inertia of Mars. The moment of inertia and the mass are consistent with a metallic core containing about 10 per cent of the mass of Mars. The observations of the possible magnetic field of Mars would be of importance both to the understanding of planetary magnetic fields and elucidating the internal structure of that planet. Seismic investigations on the earth yield an equation of state for silicates to pressures of about 1 × 106 bars. This equation of state is used in determining density variation within Mars.
GC×MS of diesel : A two-dimensional separation approach

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography can be viewed as a traditional gas chromatography with a sophisticated “elution-resolved” flame ionization detector (GC/FID) or a detector with separation capability. The concept of multidimensional chromatography can be extended to other detectors that also have separation capability, such as ultraviolet, infrared, and mass spectrometer. Mass spectrometry, combined with gas chromatography, GC/MS, has been a powerful separation/identification device for many years. However, if one applies the multidimensional separation concept to this combination with a nonfragmentation ionization method, GC/MS not only can be used as a separation/identification tool, but also a two (multiple) dimensional separation device, GC×MS. In this study, a two-dimensional separation (GC×MS) study of diesel composition is demonstrated and compared with the GC×GC technique. The major advantage of GC×MS is the compound class separation. The compound groups within a compound class are ...
It's My Body and None of Your Business: Developmental Changes in Adolescents' Perceptions of Rights Concerning Health

We examined developmental changes in adolescents' perceptions of an individual's right to engage in risky behaviors that could pose harm to health. The views of 563 early, 506 middle, and 467 late adolescents concerning the degree to which individuals have a right to engage in smoking, drinking, and drug use (private health beliefs) or whether the government has a right to impose constraints on individuals (public health beliefs) were surveyed over 3 years. Endorsements of individual rights increased between early and middle adolescence and remained stable into late adolescence. Endorsements of public health beliefs showed a curvilinear trend with middle adolescents less likely than early or late adolescents to endorse the government's right to constrain individual choices. Regardless of age, endorsements of public health were positively and individual rights were negatively related to an adolescent's belief that s/he had a right to intervene in a friend's risky choices.
Some properties of Tulare apple mosaic and ILAR viruses suggesting grouping with tobacco streak virus.

Abstract Particle sedimentation and size in Tulare apple mosaic and some isometric labile ringspot (ILAR) viruses fulfill criteria previously suggested for grouping plant viruses with tobacco streak virus; namely, a heterogeneity in particle size but homogeneity in particle density. Such viruses apparently comprise different classes of nucleic acid with distinctive sizes and functions, encapsidated in corresponding classes of particles. On the basis of these and other criteria, recent evidence also suggests the inclusion of other quasi-isometric viruses and alfalfa mosaic virus in the group.
Chlorination reactions of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on fly ash with HC1 in air

Abstract Chlorine substitution reactions of 1,2,3,4-TCDD to higher chlorinated PCDD occurred on fly ash between 50°C to 250°C with an HC1 in air atmosphere in a laboratory reaction apparatus used to simulate emission conditions in municipal incinerators. Percent conversion of 1,2,3,4-TCDD through such reactions was as high as 66% by mass corrected for losses to irreversable absorption. Production of penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octa-CDD was evident and a maximum in production of P5CDD and H6CDD was reached in 10 to 30 min. Results showed that these reactions may involve complex mechanisms which include several states of adsorption with different reactivities of 1,2,3,4-TCDD on fly ash.
PPV-HB: harmonic balance for oscillator/PLL phase macromodels

A unique feature of oscillators is that small but sustained external perturbations lead to unboundedly large changes in phase, thereby making standard harmonic balance (HB) inapplicable to realistic oscillator phase macromodels. In this paper, we rectify this situation by presenting a novel extension of HB that is capable of handling oscillator phase macro-models. Key to the new method, termed PPV-HB, is a formulation that separates unboundedly increasing phase terms from the bounded, periodic components. PPV-HB can be used not only on individual oscillators, but it also enables the application of HB-like techniques for simulating system-level equation systems composed of higher-level macromodels of blocks. We validate PPV-HB on individual oscillators and a PLL system, demonstrating excellent matches with transient simulation using phase macromodels. Speedups of 1-2 orders of magnitude are obtained, over and above additional speedups of another 2-3 orders of magnitude that stem from using macromodels (as opposed to full circuit simulation)
A novel processing route to develop a dense nanocrystalline alumina matrix (< 100 nm) nanocomposite material

A dense 3-mol%-yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y-TZP) toughening alumina matrix nanocomposite with a nanocrystalline (<100 nm) matrix grain size has been successfully developed by a novel processing method. A combination of very rapid sintering at a heating rate of 500°C/min and at a sintering temperature as low as 1100°C for 3 min by the spark-plasma-sintering technique and mechanical milling of the starting γ-Al 2 O 3 nanopowder via a high-energy ball-milling process can result in a fully dense nanocrystalline alumina matrix ceramic nanocomposite. The grain sizes for the matrix and the toughening phase were 96 and 265 nm, respectively. A great increase in toughness almost 3 times that for pure nanocrystalline alumina has been achieved in the dense nanocomposite. Ferroelastic domain switching without undergoing phase transformation in nanocrystalline t-ZrO 2 is likely as a mechanism for enhanced toughness.
The impact of borderline personality pathology on mothers' responses to infant distress.

This study sought to extend extant research on the association between borderline personality (BP) pathology and at-risk parenting by examining the dynamic nature of parenting in response to infant distress in mothers with and without clinically relevant levels of BP pathology. Findings revealed that mothers with clinically relevant levels of BP pathology were less likely than those without BP pathology to display positive affect in response to infant distress. There were no differences in the overall likelihood of insensitive parenting behaviors as a function of BP pathology, either in general or in response to infant distress. However, consistent with literature emphasizing the transactional nature of parent– child relationships, findings revealed that the likelihood of insensitive parenting behaviors among mothers with clinically relevant levels of BP pathology changed over time, increasing significantly as infant distress persisted for longer durations (a pattern not present for mothers without BP pathology). Moreover, maternal responses to infant distress were found to influence infant distress, with the likelihood of infant distress decreasing after maternal positive affect and increasing after maternal insensitive behaviors. The implications of findings for understanding the mechanisms of risk for children of mothers with BP pathology, as well as the transactional nature of mother-infant relationships in general, are discussed.
Women Trouvères: Just the Same Old Refrains?

Efforts to establish the corpus of twelfth- and thirteenth-century lyric works by women have concentrated on the examination of manuscript evidence and the search for rhetorical characteristics that bespeak a “feminine” style. Following the 1979 publication of an article by Bec, in which he argued that female authors, if any ever existed, simply adopted the socio-poetic conventions of their male counterparts, scholars directed their energies, first, toward isolating the arguably “feminine” characteristics of the trobairitzcorpus, and later, toward publishing the body of works that can be credibly attributed to women trouveres. This essay focuses on the use of refrain in the chansons and motets by women trouveres and suggests how examination of narrative voice in dialogic settings and musical structure in polyphonic compositions can yield further evidence of authorship by women, or femininite genetique.
There is no place like home: Complexities in exploring home and place attachment

Abstract Home is a key aspect of place attachment literature and research. However, research on place attachment and home often becomes problematic due to the complexities of home as a concept and, particularly, the conflation of home ownership and home. This paper attempts to disentangle the relationship between home ownership and place attachment drawing on a unique data set. Qualitative data are drawn from in-depth interviews with participants from communes in Southern Colorado. The results highlight how place attachment, particularly feelings of at-homeness, is not synonymous with home ownership. Therefore researchers should be cautious of equating home, home ownership, and place attachment.
Spectroscopy of RE3+ Centers in Fluorite Host Using High Resolution Optical Hole-Burning and Double Resonance Techniques

Abstract Techniques of Optical Hole-burning, Optical-MW and Optical-RF Double Resonance have been used to study Ho3+ and Pr3+ in several trigonal and tetragonal sites in CaF2.
Comparison of three Bayesian methods to estimate posttest probability in patients undergoing exercise stress testing.

To determine whether recent refinements in Bayesian methods have ted to improved diagnostic ability, 3 methods using Bayes' theorem and the independence assumption for estimating posttest probability after exercise stress testing were compared. Each method differed in the number of variables considered in the posttest probability estimate (method A = 5, method B = 6 and method C = 15). Method C is better known as CADENZA. There were 436 patients (250 men and 186 women) who underwent stress testing (135 had concurrent thallium scintigraphy) followed within 2 months by coronary arteriography. Coronary artery disease ([CAD], at least 1 vessel with ≥50% diameter narrowing) was seen in 169 (38%). Mean pretest probabilities using each method were not different. However, the mean posttest probabilities for CADENZA were significantly greater than those for method A or B (p < 0.0001). Each decile of posttest probability was compared to the actual prevalence of CAD in that decile. At posttest probabilities ≤20%, there was underestimation of CAD. However, at posttest probabilities ≥60%, there was overestimation of CAD by all methods, especially CADENZA. Comparison of sensitivity and specificity at every fifth percentile of posttest probability revealed that CADENZA was significantly more sensitive and less specific than methods A and B. Therefore, at lower probability thresholds, CADENZA was a better screening method. However, methods A or B still had merit as a means to confirm higher probabilities generated by CADENZA (especially ≥60%). These results may have an impact on how these methods are used in clinical decision making.
Photoemission Measurements of the Valence Levels of Amorphous Si O 2

The complete valence band in amorphous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ has been examined by photoelectron spectroscopy at photon energies of 21.2, 26.9, 40.8, and 1486.6 eV. The spectra show emission from an 11.2-eV-wide $p$-derived valence band and from the oxygen $2s$ level at 20.2 eV below the valence-band edge. Four pieces of structure in the $p$ bands are related to the single bonding and the two nonbonding orbitals of the ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ ion. A narrow, nonbonding level found at the valence-band edge may cause lattice trapping of valence-band holes.
JUVENILE PROBATION OFFICER CYNICISM

This article addresses the question of cynicism among juvenile probation officers in Alabama. The findings reveal that Alabama juvenile probation officers are not as cynical as police and correctional officers have been found to be. It also reports that Alabama juvenile probation officer cynicism cannot be explained by the demographic variables of sex, length of service, and age.
Model calculations for the coordination of Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ ions in oxide glasses

Applying the Newman superposition model to the ligand-field splitting of tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ ions in glass, we have obtained analytical expressions for the dependence of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters ${b}_{2}^{m}$ ($D$ and $E$) on the distortion from cubic symmetry of the nearest-neighbor oxygen ligands. Quantitative estimates are made of the magnitude of the angular and/or radial distortion required to produce the frequently observed $X$- band $g\ensuremath{\simeq}4.3$ ESR signal from these ions. The results of the superposition model are compared with those obtained using a point-charge model for the nuclear quadrupole splitting in the M\"ossbauer spectra of dilute $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ in oxide glasses.
Positron lifetime studies on the free volume changes during curing of rubber‐carbon black composites

The free volume behavior as a function of time during curing of natural rubber-carbon black composites studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is reported. The lifetime and intensity of the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) pick-off annihilation, which correlate with the average size and the number of holes respectively, were measured as a function of curing time. The samples were cured at 160 °C, while all PALS measurements were made at room temperature. Results for curing D706 (Duradene-706), a synthetic rubber is also reported and compared with those found from natural rubber (NR). (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impacts of Voltage Scheduling of Key Buses on Power System Performance

In this paper the impacts of voltage scheduling on the power system performance are studied for different set of key buses. The generator buses and the buses to which reactive sources are installed form the key buses for voltage scheduling. Two cases are studied for the evaluation of impacts of voltage scheduling. Casel considers the conventional IEEE 30-bus system with the suggested buses for condensers. Case 2 considers the same IEEE 30-bus system with reactive sources installed on key buses found based on graph theory. These buses are selected on basis of their connectivity with other buses. The power system performance for each case is evaluated by finding the total losses, voltage profile and system loadability. The study is conducted using optimal power flow as a tool
Intel® Itanium® floating-point architecture

The Intel® Itanium® architecture is increasingly becoming one of the major processor architectures present in the market today. Launched in 2001, the Intel Itanium processor was followed in 2002 by the Itanium 2 processor, with increased integer and floating-point performance. Measured by the SPEC CINT2000 benchmarks, the Itanium 2 processor still trails by about 25% the Intel P4 processor in integer performance, albeit P4 runs at more than three times Itanium's clock frequency. However, its floating-point performance clearly leads in the SPEC CFP2000 charts, and its rating is about 25% higher than that of the P4 processor. While the general features of the Itanium architecture such as large register sets, predication, speculation, and support for explicit parallelism [1] have been presented in several papers, books, and mainstream college textbooks [2], its floating-point architecture has been less publicized. Two books, [3] and [4], cover well this area. The present paper focuses on the floating-point architecture of the Itanium processor family, and points out a few remarkable features suitable to be the focus of a lecture, lab session, or project in a computer architecture class.
Emerging Markets for China's Tourism Industry

International tourist arrivals showed a rebound in 1990 after the devastating loss in 1989 due to political turmoil. An analysis of the top five tourist-generating countries or regions reveals Taiwan and the U.S.S.R. as the two emerging markets for China's tourism industry. The author discusses the forces shaping such new international travel patterns and suggests further research needs on the new markets.
Learning to Manage a Large Diversified Firm

This study examines executives’ beliefs about the management of diversification and seeks to determine whether those beliefs are associated with their prior experiences. The study identifies three broad sets of beliefs that executives hold about the management of diversification. In spite of a longstanding theoretical linkage between experiences and cognition, this study finds no association between top managers’ prior experiences and their beliefs about the management of diversification.The article concludes by offering new theorizing about how executives learn to manage a complex diversified firm. The article also offers a number of implications for leadership development in diversified companies.
Anemia of inflammation: the hepcidin link.

Purpose of reviewThe anemia of inflammation has been associated for nearly two decades with elevated cytokine levels, but the primary mediator of this condition was unknown. Recently hepcidin antimicrobial peptide has emerged as the hormone that links the type II acute phase response to iron handlin
Verifying configuration files

Configuration files are commonly used to create applications by gluing together new or existing components. However, components may be missing, misconfigured, or connected improperly, resulting in exceptions and unusual runtime behavior. This research contributes a mechanism to statically verify configuration files alongside the component code.
Rates of exhaust gas--air reactions

The purpose of this work has been to determine rate expressions, kinetic rate coefficients, and constants, for the overall reactions of exhaust gas and air that take place under conditions existing in engine exhaust reactor systems. For this aim, actual exhaust gas was generated in situ by a spark ignition engine. The gas was then mixed and reacted with air in a tubular reactor, whose diameter, flow rates, and temperatures of operation were of the same order of magnitude as those found in experimental engine exhaust reactor systems designed to reduce exhaust gas emissions. Specifically, the reactions investigated were those of air with the carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and total hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas.
Assessing Health Reform’s Impact On Four Key Groups Of Americans

Health reform can be assessed from the perspective of four groups that collectively include most Americans. For those who are now in Medicaid or who are uninsured, reform will be a major gain. For those who obtain health insurance in the individual and small-group markets, reform should bring improvements. For those who have health insurance from midsize- and large-group insurers, reform will bring little change. Finally, for Medicare beneficiaries, reform promises to bring positive change. However, financing future health spending overall, and Medicare spending in particular, poses a formidable challenge. Although not a panacea, all-payer rate setting, in which a federal or state agency establishes standard payment rates for each class of payer, may be the only feasible alternative, at least in the short run.
Consulting methods used by the text consultants at a large research laboratory

This paper will cover the methods used for consulting and teaching by the text consultants at a large research laboratory. Text consulting, at this laboratory, has existed for more then ten years and many changes have occurred during this time. Some of the changes that will be discussed are supported software, number of users and their changing needs. We will also cover the day to day activities of the consultants, including the methods that have been used in past years, and discoveries and conclusions that affect the way we consult today.When and why we use formal teaching methods will be discussed, including our special secretarial training courses. The secretarial training course is, on the whole, one-on-one instruction. Why this course came into existence and the methods used (past and present) will also be mentioned.
LIVESTOCK AND VEGETATION RESPONSES TO ROTATIONAL GRAZING IN SHORT-GRASS STEPPE

Abstract There is a paucity of information concerning livestock and vegetation responses to rotational grazing in short-grass steppe. We compared effects between 1995 and 2003 of time-controlled, short-duration rotational grazing against season-long continuous grazing, at a moderate stocking rate (1.95 ha ·animal unit month−1), on livestock gains and on foliar and basal cover in short-grass steppe. Livestock average daily gains, grazing-season gains, and beef production did not differ between grazing systems. We observed no relationship between precipitation (annual or growing-season) and average daily gain. In contrast, both grazing-season gains and beef production exhibited a significant curvilin-ear response to both growing-season and annual precipitation. Basal and foliar cover of all plant functional groups (C3 annual grasses, C3 perennial grasses and grass-likes, C4 perennial grasses, cactus, annual forbs, perennial forbs, and shrubs/subshrubs) did not differ between grazing systems. Litter and bare...
High mutagenic activity of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine and N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in the host-mediated assay in hamsters: evidence for premutagenic methyl and hydroxylpropyl adducts

The carcinogenic nitrosamines N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)-amine (BOP) and N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) were tested in excision-repair-deficient strains of hisG46 Salmonella mutants in the intrasanguinous host-mediated mutagenesis assay (HMA) in male Syrian hamsters. The major adducts produced by BOP in the hamster are methylguanines, while BHP leads to hydroxypropylguanines as well as methylguanines. Both nitrosamines were potent mutagens in bacteria recovered from the liver. On a comparison of administered dose, BOP was more potent, but when compared at doses producing similar levels of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) in host liver DNA, or at equitoxic doses in the hamster, BHP was more potent. BHP was approximately 10 times less mutagenic in an excision-repair-proficient strain of Salmonella, but the mutagenicity of BOP was not reduced. The effects of excision repair on in vitro mutagenesis induced by the direct-acting analogs N-(2-oxopropyl)-N-nitrosourea (OPNU), a methylating agent, and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N-nitrosourea (HPNU), a hydroxypropylating agent, were also examined. Mutagenesis by HPNU, but not OPNU was very sensitive to excision repair. Thus BOP appears to lead to mutagenesis via methylation, while mutagenesis by BHP apparently proceeds via hydroxypropylation. BOP, BHP, OPNU and HPNU were several times less mutagenic in hisG428 than hisG46 strains. In contrast to hisG46 strains, which are reverted mainly by base-pair substitutions at G:C base pairs, hisG428 strains are generally more sensitive to mutagenesis at A:T base pairs. Taken together the above results and observations that > 90% of the adducts from BOP and BHP were alkylguanines, suggest that the major premutagenic adducts produced from BOP and BHP are alkylguanines as opposed to other alkylated bases. BOP and BHP were weak mutagens in the Salmonella/S-9 mutagenesis assay using hamster liver S-9 fraction. When compared with results in the HMA, BOP and BHP were orders of magnitude less mutagenic in vitro. This observation suggests: (i) the pathways or enzymes involved in the activation of these carcinogens (although uncertain) may be different in vivo and in vitro; or (ii) the pathways for the in vitro and in vivo metabolism may be similar, but the conditions used for the in vitro activation of these nitrosamines are inadequate to generate significant levels of nitrosamine metabolites.
Characteristic properties of some integer Toeplitz matrices

Exact results are presented here for the spectral analysis of a symmetric Toeplitz matrix of order N with integer elements, which arises in the context of a discrete event signal processing problem.
THE EFFECTS OF PITRESSIN TANNATE AND WATER RESTRICTION ON THE WATER EXCHANGE AND RENAL FUNCTION OF NORMAL DOGS

A SUSPENSION of pitressin tannate in oil1 (PTO) has proved effective in controlling the polydipsia and polyuria of experimental and clinical diabetes insipidus (Blotner, 1942; Court & Taylor, 1943; Greene & January, 1940 & Thorn & Stein, 1941). The effect of a single intramuscular injection persists for a period of 24 to 96 hours in contrast to the evanescent action (3 to 6 hours) of the aqueous preparation (Blotner, 1942). The prolonged action of pitressin tannate is probably due primarily to its slow absorption from the site of injection. As far as we are aware, there has been but one report dealing with the activity of successive injections of pitressin tannate on normal animals, rabbits (Dexter and Weiss, 1941). This communication presents some studies on the effect of PTO on the water exchange and renal concentrating power of normal dogs and in addition, its effects are compared with those produced by a prolonged period of water limitation.
Thinking inside the box: Making meaning in a Handheld AR experience

Augmented Reality (AR) applications and experiences delivered on mobile devices are an emerging class of technologies that are gathering momentum in the areas of gaming, tourism, education and marketing. In this paper we analyze [inbox], an immersive Handheld Augmented Reality (HAR) experience that takes place inside a shipping container, and contains many elements of each of these genres of HAR experiences. We discuss the holistic design approach we used in creating this experience. As well as highlight specific methods that leverage the capabilities of HAR to communicate specific concepts and information, while simultaneously allowing for multiple user interpretations. Finally we suggest a course of research that is likely to yield consistent design methodologies appropriate across all genres of HAR experiences.
Self-Generated Alcohol Outcome Expectancies in Four Samples of Drinkers

Research on beliefs about the expected effects of alcohol has suggested a major role for these expectancies in motivating drinking behavior. Measures developed to assess these expectancies, however, are likely to cue subject's responses and may not represent the expected effects that are the most salient for an individual. Expected effects of alcohol were elicited by way of open-ended questionnaires from samples of college students, fraternity members, drunk drivers, and alcoholism treatment clients. The results yielded few sex differences, but large differences between male respondents in the different samples. It is suggested that this measurement technique may be useful in assessing those expectancies that are the most central in individual's belief systems.
Temperature dependence of oxygen sensitive transducer

Photoluminescence emission power and lifetime temperature dependence for an oxygen sensitive ruthenium complex is investigated in sparged water and gas surroundings. From near freezing to 40degC studies show a negative linear response to temperature.
Protoflight photovoltaic power module system-level tests in the space power facility

The preliminary plans for system-level thermal vacuum environmental testing of the protoflight photovoltaic power module in the NASA Lewis Space Power Facility (SPF) are presented. Details of the facility modifications to refurbish SPF, after 13 years of downtime, are briefly discussed. The results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of system-level environmental testing in screening out incipient part and workmanship defects and unique failure modes are discussed. Preliminary test objectives, hardware configuration, support equipment, and operations are presented. >