cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS USING FEEDBACK-INDUCED BIFURCATION: CARBONMONOXIDE OXIDATION OVER SUPPORTED SILVER

The use of feedback-induced bifurcation experiments for discriminating between rival models for the CO-02 reaction over supported silver is investigated. Model parameters are estimated or bounded by fitting the postulated kinetic mechanisms to steady-state and transient step-response data. Experimental steady-state bifurcation data is accurately reproduced by the models but each model fails to simulate adequately the Hopf bifurcation results. The dynamic bifurcation results are found to be sensitive to small time-scale dynamics that could not be resolved from the step-response experiments. Long transients in the catalyst activity are observed that cannot be reproduced by the kinetic models.
CHARMONIUM IN CHINA: BEPCII/BESIII

Results based on 106 M ψ′ events and about 226 M J/ψ events acquired with the BESIII detector at BEPCII are reported, including a confirmation of the BESII threshold enhancement in , branching ratios for χcJ → π0π0 and ηη, and first measurements of the branching ratios for ψ′ → π0hc and hc → γηc, as well as measurements of the mass and width of the hc.
Barley dormancy and fatty acid composition of lipids isolated from freshly harvested and stored kernels

The influence of kernel surface lipids on barley dormancy was investigated. Kernels with surface lipids extracted by chloroform:methanol (2:1) germinated nearly as well as Intact kernels subsequent to steeping in either distilled water or a solution of formaldehyde (ca 800 mg/l). Both water-sensitivity and innate dormancy were reduced in intact and surface-lipid extracted kernels stepped in formaldehyde when compared with kernels steeped in distilled water. Differences in fatty acid composition occurred in both surface and total kernel lipids of grain held in storage. However, compositional changes in fatty acids could not be used to predict kernel dormancy since increasing germination properties of kernels during the storage period were influenced by environmental conditions at time of harvest and varietal differences.
The effects of verbal pain stimuli on the behavior of children

In this experiment young boys and girls were presented with either verbal pain or nonpain stimuli contingent or noncontingent on a target response. These stimuli were delivered within an aggressive or nonaggressive setting and with or without affect. The pain stimuli had both a reinforcing and an instigating effect on the behavior of the boys. For the girls, the pain stimuli served a reinforcing function but had a tendency to inhibit overall responding. Although type of setting did not influence the behavior of the children, the stimuli delivered in an affective manner facilitated the responding more than did a non-affective presentation.
Rational design of novel antimicrobials: blocking purine salvage in a parasitic protozoan.

All parasitic protozoa obtain purine nucleotides solely by salvaging purine bases and/or nucleosides from their host. This observation suggests that inhibiting purine salvage may be a good way of k...
Intestinal transit and bacterial translocation in obstructive pancreatitis.

Pancreatic infection from gut-derived bacteria has emerged as the major cause of death in necrotizing pancreatitis. Bacterial overgrowth of indigenous enteric organisms as a consequence of gut stasis (ileus) represents a potential initial event in this process. The present study was designed to examine the interrelationships between intestinal transit, enteric bacteriology, and the translocation of bacteria from the gut lumen to mesenteric lymph nodes and splanchnic viscera during experimentally induced acute pancreatitis. Male rats underwent pancreaticobiliary duct ligation (PBDL) or sham surgery and were sacrificed after 24, 48, or 96 hr. Severity of pancreatitis was assessed with histology, tissue water content, and amylase and lipase levels. Intestinal transit was measured with fluorescent tracers. Blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), splanchnic organs, and gut luminal contents were subjected to bacteriologic analysis. PBDL was followed by biochemical and histologic evidence of progressive pancreatic injury at each time interval. Enteric bacteria within the gut and in adjacent MLNs increased as intestinal transit decreased after PBDL-induced pancreatic inflammation. Surprisingly, all parameters returned to control levels by 96 hr in spite of progression of pancreatic inflammation.
Improving graph-based overlay routing in delay tolerant networks

We present CGR-EB, a modification of, and extension to, the Contact Graph Routing (CGR) protocol — a forwarding mechanism for interplanetary communication. CGR-EB enables graph-based overlay routing for a variety of networks, including those using vehicular assets as data mules. It improves CGR by storing end-to-end message paths and encoding these paths, and the sub-graphs that spawned them, with the message. Simulation results demonstrate that CGR-EB reduces processing by up to two orders of magnitude, better tolerates errors in the network graph, and enables the use of cost functions that optimize system-level network state over individual message delivery. Graph-based overlay routing improves data exchange in mobility-enabled delay-tolerant networks by reducing or eliminating link negotiation and node discovery message overhead. CGR-EB provides the mechanism through which terrestrial networks may implement this routing approach.
Behavioral effects on the progeny of mice treated with methylmercury.

Abstract The effects of prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on the behavior of postnatal offspring were determined in 129 SvSl mice. A single dose of 0, 6, 8, or 12 mg/kg of methylmercury hydroxide (MeHgOH) was injected sc to pregnant mice on Day 10 of gestation. The following three types of behavioral tests were conducted on offspring from these mothers at various ages: (1) exploratory behavior by open-field test at age 23 days old, (2) spontaneous locomotor activity at ages 24, 44, and 64 days old, and (3) convulsive behavior to a convulsant, flurothyl at age 70 days old. Another group of 33-day-old offspring whose mothers had received three multiple doses of MeHgOH or daily doses of 0 or 4 mg/kg from Day 10 to Day 12 of gestation were also used for the open-field behavioral study. Results from the openfield test indicated that prenatal MeHg exposure decreases exploratory behavior as indicated by longer center square latency, lower number of peripheral squares traversed, lower frequency of rearing and grooming, lower frequency of urination, and higher frequency of backing, in treated groups in comparison to control groups. Depression in spontaneous locomotor activity was also observed in offspring prenatally exposed to MeHg; however, the effect diminished gradually as the animals grew older. In the flurothyl convulsion behavior test, it was found that animals prenatally treated with MeHg demonstrated significantly lower threshold to preliminary clonic convulsion as well as maximal clonic-tonic convulsion; thus, indicating an increase in susceptibility to flurothyl-induced convulsions. The observed decrease in exploratory behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity with an increase in convulsive susceptibility are not necessarily inconsistent findings and may be due to MeHg affecting two independent mechanisms. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that behavioral effects can be induced in offspring prenatally exposed to MeHg. Furthermore, behavioral effects of MeHg can be detected in offspring having no detectable gross congenital malformations.
The Effect of Levarterenol and Phentolamine on the Hypertensive Pulmonary Vasculature

Abstract The pulmonary vascular response to the infusion of levarterenol and phentolamine separately and in various combinations was studied in 6 calves with experimentally produced pulmonary hypertension. Infusion of levarterenol alone increased the pulmonary artery pressure from a mean of 57 to 70 mm. Hg, the left atrial pressure from a mean of 9 to 17 mm. Hg, and the systemic arterial pressure from a mean of 30 to 51 mm. Hg. There was no change in pulmonary vascular resistance or cardiac output. Infusion of phentolamine alone decreased systemic artery pressure from a mean of 101 to 89 mm. Hg. There was no change in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, or cardiac output. When infusion of levarterenol and phentolamine was properly titrated to maintain systemic arterial pressure at the level obtained subsequent to creation of pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from a mean of 16 to 10 units and cardiac output increased from a mean of 3.2 to 5.0 liters per minute. When levarterenol and phentolamine were improperly titrated, the hemodynamic response corresponded to the effect of the predominant drug. This study demonstrates that levarterenol and phentolamine, properly administered, increase cardiac output and lower pulmonary vascular resistance in calves with experimentally produced pulmonary hypertension.
Modeling the response of HCP polycrystals deforming by slip and twinning using a finite element representation of the orientation space

A continuum approach is presented for predicting the constitutive response of HCP polycrystals using a simple non-hardening constitutive model incorporating both slip and twinning. This has been achieved by considering a physically based methodology for restricting the amount of the twinning activity. A continuum approach is used in modeling the texture evolution that eliminates the need for increasing the number of discrete crystal orientations to account for new orientations created by twinning during deformation. The polycrystal is represented by an orientation distribution function using the Rodrigues parameterization. A total Lagrangian framework is used to model the evolution of microstructure. Numerical examples are used to show the application of the methodology for modeling deformation processes.
The EFFORT trial: Preoperative enoxaparin versus postoperative fondaparinux for thromboprophylaxis in bariatric surgical patients: a randomized double-blind pilot trial.

Abstract Background Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism is routinely performed for all patients undergoing bariatric surgery. However, there is disagreement regarding the optimal dosing and duration of anticoagulant therapy. Furthermore, there is little data regarding the incidence of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in this population. Our objective was to conduct a pilot randomized double blind study to evaluate the pharmacodynamic parameters of 2 different anticoagulation medications (enoxaparin and fondaparinux) administered to patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods From July 2010 to August 2013, 198 consecutive bariatric surgery patients from an academic institution were randomized in a double blinded manner to receive either 40mg enoxaparin twice daily or 5mg fondaparinux sodium once daily. Antifactor Xa activity was measured on all patients in both study arms, 3 hours after the first dose (on the day of the operation), immediately before the second dose (postoperative day one), and 3 hours after the second dose. At the routine 2 week postoperative visit, patients underwent magnetic resonance venography (MRV) to detect DVT. The primary outcome was attainment of therapeutic antifactor Xa levels. The secondary outcome was DVT, as detected by MRV. Safety outcomes were perioperative bleeding, perioperative complications, and death. Results Of 198 patients randomized, 177 underwent MRV and 137 had interpretable antifactor Xa levels. Nearly half of the patients (47.4%) did not attain target prophylactic antifactor Xa levels. Adequate antifactor Xa levels were more common with fondaparinux (74.2%) than with enoxaparin (32.4%). Antifactor Xa levels were also associated with preoperative D-dimer level. 4 of the 175 patients who underwent MRV developed DVT, 2 in each arm of the study. No major adverse events occurred in either arm. Conclusion Fondaparinux was much more likely to produce target prophylactic antifactor Xa levels than enoxaparin. Both regimens appear to be equally effective at reducing the risk of DVT. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal DVT prophylaxis regimen in the bariatric surgical population.
Landscape Ecosystem Classification in the Cherokee National Forest, East Tennessee, U.S.A.

A landscape ecosystem classification is described for the 43 800 ha Foothills section (elevation 305 to 610 m) of the southern unit of the Cherokee National Forest. Vegetative cover, landform, and soils data were obtained from sixty 0.04 ha plots located in stands representing late successional stages. Vegetation data were grouped by dominant cover type utilizing agglomerative, hierarchical clustering and detrended correspondence analysis. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) were used to identify patterns in species composition explained by environmental variables.
Impact of Inactive Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy on Inpatient Mortality and Length of Stay

The consequences of inactive empiric antimicrobial therapy are not well-described and may cause prolonged hospitalization or infection-related mortality. In vitro susceptibility results for 884 patients hospitalized at an academic medical center with gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBI) from 2001 to 2003 were matched to antimicrobial orders within 24 h of culture. Clinical characteristics, organism, inpatient mortality, and length of stay after culture for patients with GNBI were compared between patients receiving active versus inactive empiric antimicrobial therapy. A total of 14.1% of patients with GNBI received inactive empiric therapy, defined as no antimicrobial therapy within 24 h of the culture active against the identified organism based on in vitro microbiology reports. Patients who received inactive therapy were more likely to be younger, to be infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to have a nosocomial infection, and to receive antimicrobial monotherapy but less likely to be bacteremic with Escherichia coli or to have sepsis (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in mortality between patients receiving active versus inactive empiric therapy (16.1% versus 13.6%, respectively) or in length of stay after positive culture (11.5 days versus 12.6 days, respectively). Only 45 patients had greater than 2 days of exposure to inactive therapy; however, 8/30 patients (26.7%) who never received active antimicrobial therapy died while in the hospital. Inactive empiric therapy was more common in healthier patients. Inactive antimicrobial therapy in the first 24 h did not significantly impact average outcomes for GNBI among hospitalized patients but may have caused harm to specific individuals.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VISCOUS REACTING HYPERVELOCITY CONE FLOWS WITH THE STEPBACK METHOD

The stepback approximation for conical flow is used in the numerical simulation of laminar hypersonic viscous reacting flow past cones at incidence. This technique is first applied to a simple viscous, frozen flow at zero incidence, and the errors are investigated. A partial grid scheme is then described, suitable for viscous cone flow, which combines the stepback method with conventional time-marching techniques. The partial grid method is applied to the cone flow at zero incidence, and it is shown that this almost eliminates errors associated with the stepback approximation. The stepback method is then applied to hypervelocity , laminar viscous flow past a cone at a high angle of attack, with active equilibrium dissociation/recombination chemistry. Calculated heat transfer results for an isothermal non-catalytic boundary condition on the cone surface are compared with experimental measurements obtained from the T4 hypervelocity shock tube.
A tool suite for evolving legacy software

Evolving an existing software system is fundamentally different from developing one from scratch. Consequently, tools to support evolution must go beyond traditional development tools. The paper describes the Esprit de Corps Suite (EDCS) of software evolution tools. EDCS supports the mission oriented architectural legacy evolution (MORALE) software reengineering process. The paper briefly describes MORALE before presenting the individual tools and how they interoperate to support legacy system evolution.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

A functional analysis involving antecedent events was conducted with 4 students who had been identified as having behavior problems. Off-task behavior was measured while task difficulty and level of adult attention were manipulated during analogue sessions. Results revealed two patterns: Three students displayed higher rates of off-task behavior during difficult tasks, and 1 displayed higher rates of off-task behavior during sessions with low attention. Improved behavior was observed when students were taught an alternative behavior that matched the assessment results.
Demonstration of an eight-user 115-Gchip/s incoherent OCDMA system using supercontinuum generation and optical time gating

A system demonstration of an eight-user optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) star network, operating at 115 Gchip/s, with a single user bit rate of 5 Gb/s is presented. Error-free transmission is obtained (10/sup -13/ bit-error rate or better). Our two-dimensional time-wavelength incoherent OCDMA encoding is based on supercontinuum generation and spectral slicing; quadratic-congruence prime codes are generated using off-the-shelf components. Integrated ultrafast delay lines based on spiral waveguides enable rapid selectivity at the decoder. The need for optical time gating at high data rate to remove multiple-access interference at the receiver is also investigated.
Lumbopelvic fracture-dislocation combined with unstable pelvic ring injury: one stage stabilisation with spinal instrumentation.

Fractures of pelvic ring are the result of high-energy trauma and they can be treated surgically with external or internal fixation. Traumatic fracture dislocation of S1 vertebra can be stabilised effectively with spinal instrumentation. Combined pelvic ring disruption with fracture-olisthesis of S1 is reported to be very uncommon and challenging to treat. We present a patient with such an unstable injury pattern and the surgical treatment in one stage procedure he underwent.
Statistical Methods for Establishing and Validating Reference Intervals

Reference intervals are an essential part of laboratory medicine, and accreditation standards require that every laboratory result is accompanied by an appropriate reference interval to provide guidance in the interpretation of the test. Furthermore, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 (CLIA '88) requires laboratories to verify that the reference interval accompanying a laboratory result is appropriate for the patient population the laboratory serves. These 2 tasks are fundamental to providing quality laboratory services. In this review, we will consider the statistical methods that can be applied to establish and validate reference intervals.
Great Punctuations: Prediction, Randomness, and the Evolution of Comparative Political Science

I argue that comparative politics has been shaped by two “Great Punctuations” that, on each occasion, transformed our conceptions of what the subfield is and what we do. Just before a punctuation occurs, the subfield seems especially coherent, united by a set of common assumptions, methods, theories, and so on, which are then punctuated by a series of events that destroys faith in them. The subfield then reconstitutes itself around new assumptions, until, just as coherence is achieved, the next punctuation occurs. To demonstrate why the sub-field has evolved in this way, I draw on probability theory to argue that the desire to be a predictive science causes us to imagine the world to be far more predictable than it actually is. This results in the development of theories that are surprised by events; hence the peculiar trajectory of the subfield.
THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE ON THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN SELF-RATINGS AND SUPERVISOR RATINGS

The viability of self-assessment in the performance appraisal process has been the focus of recent work. Although some contend that self-appraisals can be beneficial, the consistent finding of lenient and inaccurate self-ratings has led others to discount and doubt their usefulness. Recent research (Farh & Dobbins, 1989a,b) has investigated the influence of a variety of factors in improving the accuracy of self-ratings. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of perceived system knowledge (PSK) on the discrepancy between self- and supervisor ratings. Seventy-three employees of two banking institutions participated by completing a questionnaire on their perceived knowledge of the performance appraisal system. The results of moderated regression analyses suggest that the level of knowledge did in fact influence the agreement among subordinates and supervisors. Self-ratings were more congruent with supervisors’ratings when the subordinates reported high levels of perceived system knowledge. Implications of these findings for organizations and areas for future research are discussed.
Probenecid binding by renal cortical slices and homogenates.

SummaryThe uptake of probenecid by kidney cortex slices was examined over a 100-fold concentration range. This study offers direct evidence implicating tissue binding in the slice uptake process. For example, the steady-state accumulation conformed to a modified “Scatchard plot”. The data were interpreted to mean that two populations of binding sites exist. In addition it was shown that probenecid was bound by kidney cortex homogenates, but not by liver or renal medulla homogenates, an observation in keeping with slice uptake data reported previously.
““A Talent for the Disagreeable””: Elizabeth Stoddard Writes The Morgesons

Jessica R. Feldman, ““A Talent for the Disagreeable””: Elizabeth Stod-dard Writes The Morgesons (pp.202––229) Critics have tended to read Elizabeth Stoddard's bewildering first novel, The Morgesons (1862), as a Bildungsroman ——anautobiographical portrait of the artist as a young woman in early-nineteenth-century New England——or as an instance of female Gothic, proto-regionalism, or sentimentalism. Such interpretations, often focusing on the narrative arc of Cassandra Morgeson's self-empowerment, tend to ignore the novel's less comforting messages along with its painful, mysteriously awkward, even pathological atmosphere. Aspects of the novel that cannot be restated simply as plot——the structures of its words and sentences, its tone, patterns of imagery, rat-a-tat dialogue——Stoddard has thrust into a prominence that we have not adequately studied. When we begin to explore these formal elements in relation to the artistic environment in which Stoddard wrote The Morgesons, we can see that the novel analogically tracks her troubling personality and her contemporary situation in New York City. She was, for better and for worse, a woman writing among the male ““Genteel Poets,”” a group that was itself quite conflicted and that both helped and hindered her. Moreover, finding a form sufficient to express that complex situation required her to experiment with prose in ways that look forward to high Modernist works of the early twentieth century. Only through an experimental novel of layered and fragmented tales, voiced in language that insists on its own materiality, could Stoddard find adequate self-expression.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of black-tailed prairie dog colonies affected by plague

Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a key component of the disturbance regime in semi-arid grasslands of central North America. Many studies have compared community and ecosystem characteristics on prairie dog colonies to grasslands without prairie dogs, but little is known about landscape-scale patterns of disturbance that prairie dog colony complexes may impose on grasslands over long time periods. We examined spatiotemporal dynamics in two prairie dog colony complexes in southeastern Colorado (Comanche) and northcentral Montana (Phillips County) that have been strongly influenced by plague, and compared them to a complex unaffected by plague in northwestern Nebraska (Oglala). Both plague-affected complexes exhibited substantial spatiotemporal variability in the area occupied during a decade, in contrast to the stability of colonies in the Oglala complex. However, the plague-affected complexes differed in spatial patterns of colony movement. Colonies in the Comanche complex in shortgrass steppe shifted locations over a decade. Only 10% of the area occupied in 1995 was still occupied by prairie dogs in 2006. In 2005 and 2006 respectively, 74 and 83% of the total area of the Comanche complex occurred in locations that were not occupied in 1995, and only 1% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. In contrast, prairie dogs in the Phillips County complex in mixed-grass prairie and sagebrush steppe primarily recolonized previously occupied areas after plague-induced colony declines. In Phillips County, 62% of the area occupied in 1993 was also occupied by prairie dogs in 2004, and 12% of the complex was occupied continuously over a decade. Our results indicate that plague accelerates spatiotemporal movement of prairie dog colonies, and have significant implications for landscape-scale effects of prairie dog disturbance on grassland composition and productivity. These findings highlight the need to combine landscape-scale measures of habitat suitability with long-term measures of colony locations to understand the role of plague-affected prairie dogs as a grassland disturbance process.
Deflection of thick beams of multimodular materials

A transfer-matrix analysis is presented for determining the static behaviour of thick beams of ‘multimodular materials’ (i.e. materials which have different elastic behaviour in tension and compression, with nonlinear stress–strain curves approximated as piecewise linear, with four or more segments). To validate the transfer-matrix method results, a closed-form solution is also presented for cases in which the neutral-surface location is constant along the beam axis. Numerical results for axial displacement, transverse deflection, bending slope, bending moment, transverse shear, axial force and location of neutral surface are presented for multimodular and bimodular models of unidirectional aramid cordrubber. The transfer-matrix method results agree very well with the closed-form solutions.
Inhibitory Control during Sentence Comprehension in Individuals with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

In two experiments we investigated the extent to which individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) manage the activation of contextually appropriate and inappropriate meanings of ambiguous words during sentence comprehension. DAT individuals and healthy older individuals read sentences that ended in ambiguous words and then determined if a test word fit the overall meaning of the sentence. Analysis of response latencies indicated that DAT individuals were less efficient than healthy older individuals at suppressing inappropriate meanings of ambiguous words not implied by sentence context, but enhanced appropriate meanings to the same extent, if not more, than healthy older adults. DAT individuals were also more likely to allow inappropriate information to actually drive responses (i.e., increased intrusion errors). Overall, the results are consistent with a growing number of studies demonstrating impairments in inhibitory control, with relative preservation of facilitatory processes, in DAT.
Address Translation Aware Memory Consistency

Computer systems with virtual memory are susceptible to design bugs and runtime faults in their address translation systems. Detecting bugs and faults requires a clear specification of correct behavior. A new framework for address translation aware memory consistency models addresses this need.
Archival theory and the preservation of electronic media: Opportunities and standards below the cutting edge

The archival mission presupposes stewardship, which can provide the field with a mechanism to carve a distinctive niche within automated environments. The author warns against the untutored embrace of the "cutting-edge" of new technology. Instead, he suggests the need for study and reliance on standards, as well as the adoption of a process-oriented view for preservation management to deal with rapid technological change. He discusses the effects of automation on archival theory, presents common sense guidelines, and includes a brief analysis of specific magnetic and optical storage media. He also proposes a new archival law: With each new storage medium, archivists must reexamine their theory and expect to meet new preservation challenges. Original version presented before the Society of Ohio Archivists, 11 April 1991, with funding under a grant from the Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC). Revisions were facilitated by support from the Commission on Preservation and Access. An earlier version of...
Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Enzymes in Human Health and Disease

Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes catalyze an astonishing array of complex and chemically challenging reactions across all domains of life. Of approximately 114,000 of these enzymes, 8 are known to be present in humans: MOCS1, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis; LIAS, lipoic acid biosynthesis; CDK5RAP1, 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine biosynthesis; CDKAL1, methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthesis; TYW1, wybutosine biosynthesis; ELP3, 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine; and RSAD1 and viperin, both of unknown function. Aberrations in the genes encoding these proteins result in a variety of diseases. In this review, we summarize the biochemical characterization of these 8 radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes and, in the context of human health, describe the deleterious effects that result from such genetic mutations.
The Modalities of the Ninth Amendment: Ways of Thinking about Unenumerated Rights Inspired by Philip Bobbitt's Constitutional Fate

Although the Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution suggests the existence of certain unenumerated constitutional rights beyond those mentioned in the text of the Constitution and Bill of Rights, it has been all but ignored by the United States Supreme Court. Instead, courts have tended to treat the Ninth Amendment as simply a truism that is no longer relevant to the interpretation of the Constitution. As a result, there is a real danger that many important rights which were part of the original vision of the Constitution will be lost. Some of the reluctance to acknowledge the Ninth Amendment may stem from the expansiveness of its text. Although it seems to refer to rights outside those already provided for in the Constitution, it gives no guidance as to how these rights are to be discerned or applied. Absent this guidance, the use and application of the Ninth Amendment is a daunting task. This article examines the ways in which we might think about identifying, interpreting, and applying unenumerated rights under various types of constitutional arguments, using as tools the six constitutional modalities identified by Philip Bobbitt in his book, Constitutional Fate. By examining possibilities and limitations that each modality provides and places on the existence, identification, interpretation, and application of unenumerated rights, the article argues that, no matter what modality or mix of modalities is favored by the user, there are ways in which the Ninth Amendment can be effectuated.
Hyperplasia in the epithelium of the uterine tubes

Summary Waves of growth, especially evident in the epithelium, extend into the uterine tubes. They occur in normal animals when large follicles are present in the ovaries and are induced in ovariectomized animals by the follicular hormone. This is similar to, and coincident with, the hyperplasia in the vagina and uterus.
Quality of Will, Private Blame and Conversation: Reply to Driver, Shoemaker, and Vargas

In this paper, I defend my book Conversation and Responsibility (Oxford University Press, 2012) in response to three critics: Julia Driver, David Shoemaker, and Manuel Vargas. Driver raises questions about my account of private blame. Shoemaker finds problems with my account of quality of will. And Vargas questions the conversational nature of my account.
Visual cortex neurons of monkeys and cats: temporal dynamics of the contrast response function.

Cortical neurons display two fundamental nonlinear response characteristics: contrast-set gain control (also termed contrast normalization) and response expansion (also termed half-squaring). These...
Deconstructing a polygenetic landscape using LiDAR and multi-resolution analysis

Abstract It is difficult to deconstruct a complex polygenetic landscape into distinct process-form regimes using digital elevation models (DEMs) and fundamental land-surface parameters. This study describes a multi-resolution analysis approach for extracting geomorphological information from a LiDAR-derived DEM over a stabilized aeolian landscape in south Texas that exhibits distinct process-form regimes associated with different stages in landscape evolution. Multi-resolution analysis was used to generate average altitudes using a Gaussian filter with a maximum radius of 1 km at 20 m intervals, resulting in 50 generated DEMs. This multi-resolution dataset was analyzed using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to identify the dominant variance structure in the dataset. The first 4 principal components (PC) account for 99.9% of the variation, and classification of the variance structure reveals distinct multi-scale topographic variation associated with different process-form regimes and evolutionary stages. Our results suggest that this approach can be used to generate quantitatively rigorous morphometric maps to guide field-based sedimentological and geophysical investigations, which tend to use purposive sampling techniques resulting in bias and error.
Uterine perforation resulting in bowel infarction: sharp traumatic bowel and mesenteric injury at the time of pregnancy termination.

Background By law, elective terminations of pregnancy are not performed in U.S. military institutions. However, in the civilian sector, more than a million abortions are performed each year, some of which are on military beneficiaries. Although complications are relatively rare, patients not uncommonly present for follow-up care to their military installation. We report the case of a patient who presented after a second-trimester elective abortion and was found to have suffered uterine perforation with mesenteric and bowel injury that required bowel resection. Case An 18-year-old gravida 1 para 0 female presented from an outlying facility 1 week after elective termination at 18 weeks of gestation with complaints of severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Exploratory laparotomy for presumed bowel obstruction revealed uterine perforation and bowel devitalization and necrosis, which required small bowel resection. Fetal bones were discovered within the surgical specimen. Conclusion Morbid, even potentially fatal, complications can occur as a result of pregnancy termination. With second-trimester procedures, perforation can result in injury to abdominal viscera from the perforating instruments or even from sharp fetal bony structures. Military gynecologic surgeons, who are not in abortion practice, must nevertheless be cognizant of the potential for perforation leading to serious visceral injury.
How China Promotes Its State-Owned Enterprises at the Expense of Multinational Companies Doing Business in China and in Other Countries

China’s mercantilist approach towards international business and trade uses a two pronged strategy to promote China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) at the expense of multinational companies (MNCs) doing business in China and other foreign countries. Within its borders, China uses the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law (AUCL) to pressure, harass, and intimidate MNCs. China uses the AML to coerce MNCs to transfer assets to SOEs, provide access to their advanced technologies to Chinese companies, and to protect famous Chinese brands from being acquired by foreign companies. China has also used the AUCL and various associated laws to crack down on commercial bribery by MNCs using dawn raids and other heavy handed tactics.Outside of its borders, China uses free trade agreements with its trading partners that do not contain provisions relating to workers’ rights, the environment, and transparency in government. China’s SOEs are also not being prosecuted for bribing foreign officials in exchange for business opportunities. By contrast, U.S.-based MNCs are subject to myriad restrictions on their conduct abroad by a complex set of federal laws, including treaties imposing obligations concerning workers’ rights, the environment, and transparency. Bribery of foreign officials by U.S.-based MNCs is subject to intense scrutiny by U.S. authorities. China’s lack of restrictions on SOEs allows them to do business abroad at lower costs and with almost complete freedom on how they wish to conduct their business activities. While China is slowly and quietly creating SOEs that will dominate international business, the international business community does not seem to have taken much notice and may not realize this development until China’s SOEs become so powerful that there may little if anything that can be done to curtail their dominance.
Tools for Tenure Trailblazing: Planning Productive Paths for Green Serialists

SUMMARY Claire Dygert and Markel Tumlin presented an overview of the tenure process by providing definitions, history, and factors for success. While stressing that the process and requirements vary from institution to institution, they outlined six factors for success which included: (1) succeeding in the application process; (2) putting a file/ dossier together; (3) developing your academic career; (4) finding a mentor; (5) the importance of collegiality; and (6) understanding the political culture of your institution.
Wave Function Engineering for Ultrafast Charge Separation and Slow Charge Recombination in Type II Core/Shell Quantum Dots

The size dependence of optical and electronic properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been extensively studied in various applications ranging from solar energy conversion to biological imaging. Core/shell QDs allow further tuning of these properties by controlling the spatial distributions of the conduction-band electron and valence-band hole wave functions through the choice of the core/shell materials and their size/thickness. It is possible to engineer type II core/shell QDs, such as CdTe/CdSe, in which the lowest energy conduction-band electron is largely localized in the shell while the lowest energy valence-band hole is localized in the core. This spatial distribution enables ultrafast electron transfer to the surface-adsorbed electron acceptors due to enhanced electron density on the shell materials, while simultaneously retarding the charge recombination process because the shell acts as a tunneling barrier for the core localized hole. Using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy...
Probiotics control lupus progression via induction of regulatory cells and IL-10 production

Microorganisms can evade the immune response via induction of regulatory cells, and can prevent the development of various autoimmune diseases. Probiotics, including Lactobacilli, are beneficial bacteria that play an important role in the immune system development. The goal of this study was to test whether gavaging (NZBxNZW)F1 (BWF1) lupus-prone mice with Lactobacilli weekly could control lupus development and identify the mechanisms mediating protection. BWF1 mice fed with Lactobacilli starting before disease onset exhibited a delay in lupus onset indicated by decreased severity and increased survival. This protection was associated with an increase in the percentage of CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory cells and IL-10 production. Moreover, T cells from Lactobacilli-fed BWF1 mice transferred some protection when injected into young BWF1 mice. More importantly, mice that were fed after disease onset remained stable for several months and exhibited a delay in disease progression and an increase in survival. Regular feeding of Lactobacilli appears, therefore, to delay lupus progression via regulatory cell induction and possibly IL-10 production. Altogether, these data indicate that the use of probiotics may be a viable strategy for controlling disease development and progression in patients with lupus, i.e., extending the length of remission and reducing flare frequency. Funded by the Lupus Research Institute.
The structure of carboxypeptidase A

The structure of carboxypeptidase Aα at 6 A resolution has been obtained from X-ray diffraction data from native protein crystals and crystals of four isomorphous derivatives. These crystals all have space group P21 with two molecules per unit cell: a=51·41, b=59·89, c=47·19 A, β=97°35′. Values of E, an estimated error in |FH| for each derivative (and, in parentheses, values of R=Σ‖FH(obs.)| — |FH(calc.)‖/Σ|FH(obs.)|) are 35 (0·08) for the lead derivative (two sites only 4 A apart), 38 (0·10) for the platinum chloride derivative (one major, three minor sites), 42 (0·11) for p-acetoxymercurianiline derivative I (four sites) and 34 electrons (0·09) for p-acetoxymercurianiline derivative II (three sites). Anomalous scattering data, for which errors were taken as half of those for isomorphous replacement, have been included for three derivatives to give an average figure of merit of 0·88, and have also permitted unambiguous choice of the correct enantiomorph. The molecular shape (approximately 52 A × 44 A × 40 A), a probable tracing of the polypeptide chain, estimation of the helical content as about 25% and the direct location of the zinc atom are presented. Near the zinc atom there is a pocket which might accommodate hydrophobic side-groups of inhibitors and substrates. Preliminary studies of other derivatives are also included.
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERSONIC SPIN MOTOR NOZZLE FLOW

The Mach number across the exit plane in the inviscid core of scarfed supersonic nozzles was measured using pitot probes. By capitalizing on existing hardware from an obsolete wind tunnel, the cost and time required for tunnel modifications were minimized. Experiments for estimating uncertainties in Mach number due to pitot pressure measurement error, instrumentation error and probe position error were used to establish the extent to which the survey data can be used for validation of compressible fluid dynamics codes. Surveys with pitot probes placed at an angle to the nozzle centerline allowed the flow angle near the edge of the inviscid flow to be estimated. Initial CFD calculations predict the Mach number in the inviscid core to within ± 10%, but they do not capture all of the subtle flow features observed in Schlieren photographs and pitot surveys.
Effectiveness of Montelukast as Mono-Controller on Mild Persistent Asthma in Children

Objective To assess the effectiveness of montelukast as monotherapy on mild persistent asthma in children under real-life conditions.Methods A pilot,single and non-blind design was used in this study.Children aged 2 to 14 years old,with mild persistent asthma and treated in community were recruited.Four mg tablets of montelukast sodium were administered to patients aged 2 to 5 years once daily,and 5 mg tablets to patients aged 6 to 14 years once daily for 12 consecutive weeks.The drugs were given to patients by their caregivers in communities.The continued treatment and evaluation were given in follow-up.Patients′ severity score of day and nocturnal symptoms,the usage of short-acting β2 receptor agonist(SABA) and peak expiratory flow(PEF) were assessed at baseline and at 4,8,and 12 weeks after the start of montelukast treatment.The data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software.Results There were significant differences between each adjacent time group of daytime asthma symptom score and nighttime asthma score which decreased gradually each time(P0.05).Short-term usage of SABA decreased obviously and there was significant difference between baseline and week 4 in usage of SABA(P0.05).Peak expiratory flow improved,and there was significant difference between baseline and week 12 in PEF measurement(P0.05).Conclusion These results suggest that montelukast is an effective monotherapy controller on mild persistent asthma in children under real-life conditions.
Abstract B01: MicroRNAs as novel therapeutic adjuvants to treat high-risk medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, accounting for 18% of newly diagnosed brain tumors and 10% of all children cancer-related deaths. Despite improvement in the 5-year survival rate of medulloblastoma in recent years, only a small percentage of patients survive high-risk metastatic disease. The quality of life for those who do survive is often substantially reduced due to the toxicity associated with radiation and chemotherapy. Vincristine is a microtubule-destabilizing antimitotic drug, which is routinely administered in higher dosages to both high and average risk medulloblastoma patients. As a result, these patients suffer from devastating neurotoxic effects that include but not limited to: sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy, hearing loss, mononeuropathy, and seizures. Using high-throughput microRNA mimic library screens, we identified a group of microRNAs that may improve the efficacy of vincristine against c-MYC amplified medulloblastoma as well as re-sensitize vincristine-resistant medulloblastoma. Our findings revealed that these microRNAs may act as tumor suppressors since their overexpression inhibited colony formation, migration and invasion ability of medulloblastoma cells. Furthermore, these microRNAs suppressed stem cell renewal/proliferation of c-MYC amplified medulloblastoma cells. Expression analysis, gene enrichment analysis and target prediction algorithms revealed that these microRNAs exert their vincristine sensitizing and tumor suppressor effect by targeting genes involved in microtubule organization, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair and mRNA translation. One of our most interesting targets is EIF4E3, which is a translation initiation factor. Our preliminary findings indicate that EIF4E3 may regulate medulloblastoma cell growth, progression and vincristine sensitivity by modulating c-MYC translation. Further experiments are underway to test the potential of candidate miRNA and EIF4E3 as vincristine sensitizer in vivo. In conclusion, this study may identify novel factors that have potential not only to decrease the current therapeutic dose of vincristine and therefore eliminate its side effects, but also have potential to multiply the efficacy of lower doses in order to overcome hard to treat high-risk tumors. Citation Format: Nourhan Abdelfattah, Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Benjamin Onyeagucha, Subapriya Rajamanickam, Hung-I Harry Chen, Manjeet Rao. MicroRNAs as novel therapeutic adjuvants to treat high-risk medulloblastoma.. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B01.