cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photon flux dependence on solute environment in water ices

Environmental context Anthropogenic pollutants deposited in and on snowpacks can undergo many sunlight-driven reactions. These processes have been studied, but typically without measuring the photon flux, the amount of light seen by the reactants, which is needed for comparing results across studies. This work investigates the effects of container albedo, solute location and mechanical ice crushing on the photon flux in laboratory ice samples to understand how these factors might affect photochemical rates. Abstract The photon flux directly affects the rates of both direct and indirect photodegradation reactions in water and ice. This flux might vary in the different solute reservoirs of water ice (e.g. between the bulk ice and air–ice interface), which might help explain reported differences in measured reaction rates. To address this possibility, here we use 2-nitrobenzaldehyde chemical actinometry to measure photon fluxes in ice samples prepared using different freezing techniques in order to put 2-nitrobenzaldehyde into different regions in the ice samples. Overall, the solute location has little effect on photon flux in water ice (purified frozen water) samples, with a maximum observed enhancement of 42±9% relative to aqueous values. However, the albedo (reflectivity) of the sample container strongly influences the photon flux in water and ice samples: for the same incident irradiance, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde loss is four times higher in a white beaker compared with in a dark-brown beaker. In addition, crushing an ice sample to a 2-mm grain size increases the photon flux in the resulting ice granules by 50% compared with in an intact ice disc (and by 80% compared with the corresponding solution). Although photon fluxes are similar in different solute reservoirs in and on ice, our results show that photon fluxes within a frozen (or aqueous) sample cannot be simply determined from incident fluxes, but instead need to be measured using the same sample geometry and container type.
How did nature engineer the highest surface lipid accumulation among plants? Exceptional expression of acyl-lipid-associated genes for the assembly of extracellular triacylglycerol by Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits

Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits are covered with a remarkably thick layer of crystalline wax consisting of triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) esterified exclusively with saturated fatty acids. As the only plant known to accumulate soluble glycerolipids as a major component of surface waxes, Bayberry represents a novel system to investigate neutral lipid biosynthesis and lipid secretion by vegetative plant cells. The assembly of Bayberry wax is distinct from conventional TAG and other surface waxes, and instead proceeds through a pathway related to cutin synthesis (Simpson and Ohlrogge, 2016). In this study, microscopic examination revealed that the fruit tissue that produces and secretes wax (Bayberry knobs) is fully developed before wax accumulates and that wax is secreted to the surface without cell disruption. Comparison of transcript expression to genetically related tissues (Bayberry leaves, M. rubra fruits), cutin-rich tomato and cherry fruit epidermis, and to oil-rich mesocarp and seeds, revealed exceptionally high expression of 13 transcripts for acyl-lipid metabolism together with down-regulation of fatty acid oxidases and desaturases. The predicted protein sequences of the most highly expressed lipid-related enzyme-encoding transcripts in Bayberry knobs are 100% identical to the sequences from Bayberry leaves, which do not produce surface DAG or TAG. Together, these results indicate that TAG biosynthesis and secretion in Bayberry is achieved by both up and down-regulation of a small subset of genes related to the biosynthesis of cutin and saturated fatty acids, and also implies that modifications in gene expression, rather than evolution of new gene functions, was the major mechanism by which Bayberry evolved its specialized lipid metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
Effectiveness of the Clinical Instructor

I conducted a survey of 102 senior physical therapy students to identify, from the students' perspective, training needs for clinical instructors. The literature identified 43 clinical instructor behaviors in four categories (communication, interpersonal relations, professional skills, and teaching behaviors). Students scored these behaviors for their importance and frequency. Results demonstrated all behaviors were perceived as somewhat significant and frequent. The students scored communication as most important followed by interpersonal relations, teaching, and professional skills behaviors. Frequency of the 43 behaviors was evenly distributed among the four categories. Correlational analysis of the perceived importance with the frequency of each behavior yielded 9 statistically significant positive correlations, no negative correlations, and 16 near random correlations. Positive correlations were 56 percent professional skills and 44 percent teaching behaviors. Near random correlations were 38 percent communication, 6 percent interpersonal relations, 6 percent professional skills behaviors, and 50 percent teaching. These 16 behaviors are identified as the target for clinical instructor training programs. This method in individual clinical settings is discussed briefly.
Archival Principles of Arrangement

4LL classification or arrangement work involves a breakdown LJL of a whole into its parts. This can easily be illustrated by looking at what is done while classifying in the physical sciences. In biology, for example, a specimen is dissected in order to classify it; in chemistry a compound substance is separated into its constituents in order to identify it ; and the same method is followed in all other physical sciences. The very process of analysis is one of separating anything, whether an object of the senses or of the intellect, into its parts. By this process it is possible to distinguish each of the parts, separately, and to understand their relation to each other and to the whole. The same is also true in the social sciences
The Improvement of Harbors on the South Atlantic Coast of the United States

In the following paper the writer has attempted to show the general conditions of the coast, the forces acting and their effects, and then to give a history of a few of the more advanced works, wit...
Quantitative Risk Management: Disclosure and Reporting

An overview of risk management tools and practices is presented. An example of a profitable risk management strategy is followed by a discussion of VaR, stress testing and scenario analysis. Results of recent risk management surveys are presented along with recommendations on risk reporting.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in hepatocytes is dependent on the coinduction of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived radical derived from the oxidation of one of the two chemically equivalent quanido nitrogens of L-arginine1. Three isoforms of the enzyme which produces NO, NO synthase (NOS), have been identified thus far. Two NOS isoforms, endothelial and neuronal are expressed constitutively (cNOS) and release relatively small amounts of NO immediately upon stimulation. A third isoform has been termed inducible NOS (iNOS) because it is not present in resting cells but is expressed if cells are exposed to inflammatory stimuli, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or cytokines. Upon purification all three isoforms are known to be dependent on tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) for maximal activity2–5. This observation adds to the list of four enzymes previously known to be dependent on BH4. Although the precise role of BH4 in the five-electroh oxidation of L-arginine to NO and citrulline remains uncertain, recent reports using intact cells in culture indicate that both endothelial cNOS6 and smooth muscle cell7 isoforms are dependent on BH4 availability.
Effects of enforced relocation on life adjustment in a nursing home.

A group of 75 institutionalized elderly patients was studied to determine the relationship of involuntary relocation to life adjustment in a nursing home. Data were collected by means of medical records and structured questionnaire. Patients who had experienced enforced relocation from other institutions expressed greater life dissatisfaction than those who had relocated voluntarily from their own home environment. For the group in general, life dissatisfaction was correlated with financial dependence, poor health, and limited social participation. Length of stay in the institution was not related to life satisfaction. The evidence suggests that involuntary placement, multiple moves, disruption of social networks, and financial dependence may contribute to life dissatisfaction among institutionalized elderly.
Hyper-responsive TLR7 and TLR9 activation in NADPH oxidase-deficient human B cells (HUM1P.272)

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an inherited immunodeficiency linked with mutations in the multi-component leukocyte NADPH oxidase. Phagocytic cells deficient in NADPH oxidase fail to produce sufficient levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) necessary to clear engulfed pathogens. Though the hyperactive immune response associated with CGD is widely described in phagocytes, the effects of oxidase-deficiency on B cell functions has not been well studied. In B cells, recognition of microbial single-stranded RNA or unmethylated DNA by intracellular toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9, respectively leads to NADPH oxidase derived ROS production. Here, studies demonstrate hyperactive responses to endosomal TLR stimulation in B cell lines derived from patients with mutations in either the p40phox or p47phox subunits of the NADPH oxidase which compromise its function. NADPH oxidase-deficient B cell lines expressed enhanced levels of TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA compared to cells reconstituted to restore oxidase activity. TLR7/9 stimulation of oxidase-deficient B cells resulted in greater cytokine production and p38 MAP kinase activation than oxidase-sufficient B cells. These data are consistent with the autoimmune predisposition associated with CGD and suggest that B cells may also contribute to hyperactive immune responses detected in individuals with CGD.
Tunable interfaces on tetracene and pentacene thin-films via monolayers

To eliminate many of the traditional weaknesses of thin-film organic semiconductor materials, chemistry has been developed which reacts with the surface of these materials in a manner reminiscent of monolayers on traditional substrates. In the described approach, vapor phase small molecules react with the surface of tetracene and pentacene substrates to form an adlayer via classical Diels–Alder chemistry. The bonding is confirmed via measurement of several coupled vibrations via polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, which importantly allows for differentiation from physisorbed materials. These films are then used to tune the materials' interaction with overlayers, as measured via a change in the contact angle the surface generates with water.
“What If” analysis: Benefits of utilizing a “What If” analysis in excel

ABSTRACTThe “What If” analysis is applicablein research and heuristic situations that utilize statistical significance testing. One utility for the “What If” is in a pedagogical perspective; the “What If” analysis provides professors an interactive tool that visually represents examples of what statistical significance testing entails and the variables that affect the commonly misinterpreted pCALCULATED value. In order to develop a strong understanding of what affects the pCALCULATED value, the students tangibly manipulate data within the Excel sheet to create a visualize representation that explicitly demonstrates how variables affect the pCALCULATED value. The second utility is primarily applicable to researchers. “What If” analysis contributes to research in two ways: (1) a “What If” analysis can be run a priori to estimate the sample size a researcher may wish to use for his study; and (2) a “What If” analysis can be run a posteriori to aid in the interpretation of results. If used, the “What If” anal...
Use of Symbolic Logic

This chapter reviews propositional logic—the aspect of symbolic logic relevant to statements—and the use of truth tables and punctuations are also demonstrated. Propositional logic has an important part to play in experimental research. The chapter differentiated between traditional logic and symbolic logic (also referred to as mathematical logic). A typical experimental researcher does not have to be proficient in symbolic logic, but some familiarity with it can be very helpful. When word combinations, phrases, clauses, and sentences can be interpreted in more than one way, it is possible for others to misunderstand the experimenter's statements and reports. In the analysis of complex experiments, premises that lead to conclusions that in turn become premises that lead to the next level of conclusions are not rare. The advantage of using symbolic logic in such situations is pointed out in the chapter along with examples that connect ordinary language to symbolic language.
Open source digital camera on field programmable gate arrays

We present an open source digital camera implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The camera functionality is completely described in VHDL and tested on the DE2-115 educational FPGA board. Some of the current features of the camera include video mode at 30 fps, storage of taken snapshots into SDRAM memories, and grayscale and edge detection filters. The main contributions of this project include 1) the actual system level design of the camera, tested and verified on an actual FPGA chip, and 2) the public release of the entire implementation including source code and documentation. While the proposed camera is far from being able to compete with commercial offerings, it can serve as a framework to test new research ideas related to digital camera systems, image processing, computer vision, etc., as well as an educational platform for advanced digital design with VHDL and FPGAs.
Unstructured Cartesian refinement with sharp interface immersed boundary method for 3D unsteady incompressible flows

A novel numerical method is developed for solving the 3D, unsteady, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on locally refined fully unstructured Cartesian grids in domains with arbitrarily complex immersed boundaries. Owing to the utilization of the fractional step method on an unstructured Cartesian hybrid staggered/non-staggered grid layout, flux mismatch and pressure discontinuity issues are avoided and the divergence free constraint is inherently satisfied to machine zero. Auxiliary/hanging nodes are used to facilitate the discretization of the governing equations. The second-order accuracy of the solver is ensured by using multi-dimension Lagrange interpolation operators and appropriate differencing schemes at the interface of regions with different levels of refinement. The sharp interface immersed boundary method is augmented with local near-boundary refinement to handle arbitrarily complex boundaries. The discrete momentum equation is solved with the matrix free Newton-Krylov method and the Krylov-subspace method is employed to solve the Poisson equation. The second-order accuracy of the proposed method on unstructured Cartesian grids is demonstrated by solving the Poisson equation with a known analytical solution. A number of three-dimensional laminar flow simulations of increasing complexity illustrate the ability of the method to handle flows across a range of Reynolds numbers and flow regimes. Laminar steady and unsteady flows past a sphere and the oblique vortex shedding from a circular cylinder mounted between two end walls demonstrate the accuracy, the efficiency and the smooth transition of scales and coherent structures across refinement levels. Large-eddy simulation (LES) past a miniature wind turbine rotor, parameterized using the actuator line approach, indicates the ability of the fully unstructured solver to simulate complex turbulent flows. Finally, a geometry resolving LES of turbulent flow past a complete hydrokinetic turbine illustrates the potential of the method to simulate turbulent flows past geometrically complex bodies on locally refined meshes. In all the cases, the results are found to be in very good agreement with published data and savings in computational resources are achieved.
Seasonal variations in path loss in the 3.7 GHz band

This work presents path loss measurements through a 20 MHz wireless channel at a carrier frequency of 3.676 GHz in a suburban setting outside Chicago, Illinois. The data collection system is described and the measurement environment is characterized. Results are presented for two seasons, winter and summer, demonstrating that tree foliage creates an average excess path loss of between 3 and 7 dB.
Towards above-ground antineutrino detectors for cooperative monitoring: Background radiation studies

We describe an assembly of detectors that quantifies the background radiation present at potential above ground antineutrino detector development and deployment sites. Antineutrino detectors show great promise for safeguard applications in directly detecting the total fission rate as well as the change in fissile content of nuclear power reactors. One major technical challenge that this safeguard application must overcome is the ability to distinguish signals from antineutrinos originating in the reactor core from noise due to background radiation created by terrestrial and cosmogenic sources. To date, existing detectors increase their ability to distinguish antineutrino signals by being surrounded with significant shielding and being placed underground. For the safeguard’s agency, this is less than optimal, increasing the overall size and limiting the placement of this system. For antineutrino monitoring to be a widely deployable solution, we must understand the backgrounds found above ground at nuclear power plants that can mimic the antineutrino signal so that these backgrounds can be easily identified, separated, and subtracted rather than shielded. The design, construction, calibration, and results from the deployment of these background detectors at a variety of sites will be presented.
Prizes, Awards and Publishing for a Black British Audience

Throughout the 50-year period of publishing for and about Black British children, one of the frequent attempts to increase interest and participation in publishing for this audience has been through prize-giving and awards. The chapter considers both smaller, publisher-instigated award schemes as well as major children’s book prizes such as the Carnegie and Greenaway Medals; what and who these awards have addressed and honored; and the effect on children’s publishing for a Black British audience.
A yoga program for cognitive enhancement.

Background Recent studies suggest that yoga practice may improve cognitive functioning. Although preliminary data indicate that yoga improves working memory (WM), high-resolution information about the type of WM subconstructs, namely maintenance and manipulation, is not available. Furthermore, the association between cognitive enhancement and improved mindfulness as a result of yoga practice requires empirical examination. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of a brief yoga program on WM maintenance, WM manipulation and attentive mindfulness. Methods Measures of WM (Digit Span Forward, Backward, and Sequencing, and Letter-Number Sequencing) were administered prior to and following 6 sessions of yoga (N = 43). Additionally, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale was administered to examine the potential impact of yoga practice on mindfulness, as well as the relationships among changes in WM and mindfulness. Results Analyses revealed significant improvement from pre- to post- training assessment on both maintenance WM (Digit Span Forward) and manipulation WM (Digit Span Backward and Letter-Number Sequencing). No change was found on Digit Span Sequencing. Improvement was also found on mindfulness scores. However, no correlation was observed between mindfulness and WM measures. Conclusions A 6-session yoga program was associated with improvement on manipulation and maintenance WM measures as well as enhanced mindfulness scores. Additional research is needed to understand the extent of yoga-related cognitive enhancement and mechanisms by which yoga may enhance cognition, ideally by utilizing randomized controlled trials and more comprehensive neuropsychological batteries.
Hydrocode simulations of liquid filled channels for understanding erosion in shaped charge jet penetration

Abstract Hypervelocity impacts of copper rods into liquid filled channels circumferentially confined by steel cylinders were investigated using 2D axisymmetric hydrocode simulations. The confined liquid was utilized as a means to investigate the interplay of eroded target material and the remaining projectile in order to elucidate relevant penetration behaviors in solid materials. This led to a better understanding of two significant contributing parameters in the flow characteristics: the density (how difficult the material is to accelerate) and the channel diameter (how far the material has to move). While the liquid eliminates direct strength effects on penetration of the rods, varying the channel width allows a survey of parameter space that is typically a function of both material strength and density. Three successive copper rods with varying velocities and delays were used to model a penetrator representative of select sections of a shaped charge jet. For each target material, the residual penetration in solid rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was then measured as a function of the liquid channel width. A strong dependence on both the material density and channel width was observed in regards to the efficiency of the material against penetration.
Influence of Background H 2 O on the Collision-Induced Dissociation Products Generated from [UO 2 NO 3 ] +

Developing a comprehensive understanding of the reactivity of uranium-containing species remains an important goal in areas ranging from the development of nuclear fuel processing methods to studies of the migration and fate of the element in the environment. Electrospray ionization (ESI) is an effective way to generate gas-phase complexes containing uranium for subsequent studies of intrinsic structure and reactivity. Recent experiments by our group have demonstrated that the relatively low levels of residual H2O in a 2-D, linear ion trap (LIT) make it possible to examine fragmentation pathways and reactions not observed in earlier studies conducted with 3-D ion traps (Van Stipdonk et al. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 14, 1205-1214, 2003). In the present study, we revisited the dissociation of complexes composed of uranyl nitrate cation [UVIO2(NO3)]+ coordinated by alcohol ligands (methanol and ethanol) using the 2-D LIT. With relatively low levels of background H2O, collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [UVIO2(NO3)]+ primarily creates [UO2(O2)]+ by the ejection of NO. However, CID (using He as collision gas) of [UVIO2(NO3)]+ creates [UO2(H2O)]+ and UO2+ when the 2-D LIT is used with higher levels of background H2O. Based on the results presented here, we propose that product ion spectrum in the previous experiments was the result of a two-step process: initial formation of [UVIO2(O2)]+ followed by rapid exchange of O2 for H2O by ion-molecule reaction. Our experiments illustrate the impact of residual H2O in ion trap instruments on the product ions generated by CID and provide a more accurate description of the intrinsic dissociation pathway for [UVIO2(NO3)]+. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Algorithms for Closed Loop Ultrafast Control of Quantum Dynamics

Learning control techniques have a special role to play in the manipulation of quantum dynamics phenomena. The unique capabilities of quantum systems making them amenable to learning control are (a) the ability to have very large numbers of identical systems for submission to control, (b) the high duty cycle of laboratory laser controls, and (c) the ability to observe the impact of trial controls at ultrafast time scales. Various learning algorithms have been proposed to guide this control process. The present paper will discuss these proposals, as well as some new perspectives.
Solid State Concepts in Radiation Chemistry and Biology

The processes taking place between the initial deposition of ionizing energy and the chemical utilization of it in radiation chemistry and radiation biology are discussed from a solid state point of view. This realm, often referred to as the physicochemical realm of radiation chemistry, occurs in the time range 10-16 < t < 10-13 sec, and its understanding is of paramount importance in the interpretation and prediction of channels for energy dissipation in radiation chemistry and biology. A recently discovered exciton fission process is suggested as the important electronic relaxation mechanism in the physicochemical realm. The better known events of “internal conversion” and “intersystem crossing” follow the higher energy relaxation mechanisms and help to localize the excitations in low-lying neutral or ionic states of the aggregate so that chemistry can eventually occur.
Reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus infection in patients with rheumatologic disease: a case–control study

The disease burden, risk factors and clinical sequelae of CMV reactivation in patients with rheumatologic conditions is poorly understood. We have described a cohort with underlying rheumatic disease and CMV, and compared a subgroup with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to controls to identify potential risk factors for CMV reactivation. Adults with rheumatic disease and CMV infection from 2000–2015 were identified. SLE cases were matched 3:1 with controls based on age, sex and year of admission, and compared. Fourteen patients were included (6 SLE, 4 rheumatoid arthritis, 2 sarcoidosis, 1 psoriatic arthritis, 1 microscopic polyangiitis). Seven had viremia alone, the remainder tissue-invasive disease. Thirteen received glucocorticoids prior to CMV reactivation. Fever was the most common symptom, and coinfections were seen in eight including four with bacteremia. Thirteen received antiviral therapy (median 33 days), four died during hospitalization. Six patients with underlying SLE and CMV reactivation were compared to 18 SLE controls. Cases received more glucocorticoids prior to admission (median 36.5 vs. 2.5 mg/day, p = 0.006), had longer hospitalizations (median 47 vs. 7 days, p = 0.006) and more coinfections (67% vs. 17%, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in symptoms at presentation. CMV reactivation occurs in patients with rheumatologic disease, can result in severe clinical sequelae, and is difficult to distinguish from a flare of the underlying disease. Patients with CMV received higher doses of glucocorticoids and developed more co-infections. CMV should be considered during the evaluation of a febrile illness in this complex patient population.
The Asymptotic Diffusion Limit of Numerical Schemes for the SN Transport Equation

AbstractThe SN transport equation asymptotically tends to an equivalent diffusion equation in the limit of optically thick systems with small absorption and sources. A spatial discretization of the...
Differential placental ceramide levels during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with important factors that influence fetal development. Sphingolipids are known to be associated with the development of diabetes. Our objective was to examine ceramide, a key sphingolipid, hyperosmolarity, and apoptosis in placentas from GDM patients treated with insulin or diet. Ceramide levels were assessed in placental tissues using immunohistochemistry. Immunoblot was performed to quantify serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in ceramide biosynthesis, NFAT5, SMIT, AR, caspase 3 and the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Trophoblast cells were treated with insulin or ceramide and assessments for mitochondrial respiration, caspase 3 and XIAP were also performed. Immunohistochemistry showed increased ceramides in the placental villous trophoblasts of the insulin-treated GDM patients. Nuclear SPT was upregulated only in the insulin-treated GDM placenta when compared to controls. Nuclear NFAT5 was also increased in the GDM placenta. Active caspase 3 was elevated in placentas from both insulin- and diet-treated GDM patients. Mitochondrial respiration was decreased in trophoblasts treated with ceramide. Active caspase was not changed while XIAP protein was increased in trophoblasts treated with ceramide. Our findings confirm the presence of ceramide in the human placenta of control and GDM patients. Furthermore, we conclude that ceramide is increased in the placental trophoblast during insulin treatment and that its upregulation correlates with elevated NFAT5, SMIT, increased apoptosis and decreased trophoblast mitochondrial respiration.
Of Diagrams and Rhizomes: Visual Culture, Contemporary Art, and the Impossibility of Mapping the Content of Art Education

What are the boundaries of art education? Discipline-Based Art Education expanded the content of art education, and now, proposals to move art education toward visual culture promise to further complicate our field. The difficulty encountered in attempting to add the content of emerging contemporary artworks and popular visual culture to a map of an education provides an analogy for the problems faced by proponents of visual cultural-based curricula. In this article, the dojinshi phenomenon, pertaining to the fanzine-like comic books that Japanese teenagers create, is used to illustrate the futility of diagramming within art education content which is rhizomatic—more like the tangle of a patch of grass than the orderly structure of a tree. Three strategies are presented for dealing with contemporary art and rhizomatic popular visual culture within art education curricula: (1) opting for the status quo which precludes the addition of contemporary art and popular visual culture, (2) supplementing existing c...
CS 2013: how to determine if your department meets the new guidelines

The recently released: Computer Science Curricula 2013: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs (http://www.acm.org/education/CS2013-final-report.pdf) contain over 1100 learning outcomes. Half of these learning outcomes are either new or significantly changed from those of CC2001. To assess whether your department is meeting the new curricula guidelines is a formidable task. This tutorial looks at what some of the changes in the curriculum are and how one could assess student mastery of the learning outcomes included in the new guidelines. This interactive session focuses on the development of the Institute for the Certification of Computing Professionals' (ICCP) exam. This standardized multiple choice exam is a tool currently being developed to aid departments in assessment.
Sensation and Metaphor in Ritual Performance: The Example of Sacred Texts

Rituals obviously utilize the human senses. Theological and mystical interpretations frequently comment on sensation as a source of metaphors for religious experience. However, the discourse used in religious rituals themselves usually avoids using the normal vocabulary appropriate to particular sensations, while focusing on ritual performance instead. This raises the question of whether it is generally the case that ritualizing sensation diverts attention from sensation to ritual behavior, and whether ritual interpretations usually divert attention from the sensation to its metaphorical meaning. This essay addresses these questions with the analytical tools of metaphor theory and ritual theory. To test and apply these theories, it focuses on one kind of ritual practices, those that involving written texts, especially books of scripture, and how they use the senses of sight, hearing, and touch.
Adrenal Hemangioma: An Unusual Adrenal Mass Delineated with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

AbstractAdrenal hemangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of any large calcified adrenal mass. We report to our knowledge the eighth surgically removed lesion and describe its appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. This imaging includes features seen in hemangiomas elsewhere, in particular a heterogeneous mass with enhancing peripheral high intensity foci on Tl images.
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Post-Transplant for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background Allogeneic transplant (alloHCT) is a curative therapy for patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The curative potential of alloHCT is hampered by relapse, which is the major cause of treatment failure. Overall, relapse rates for these patients are in the range of 30% to 50% with the majority of these relapses occurring within the first year after alloHCT. Currently, there is no standard post-transplant therapy for patients with ALL. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (INO) is a CD22 monoclonal antibody bound to calicheamicin which has been shown to have significant activity against relapsed ALL. We hypothesize that low dose post-alloHCT maintenance therapy of INO will be safe and will reduce relapse rates after alloHCT for ALL. Methods Eligibility included patients aged 16-75 who have undergone alloHCT for CD22+ALL, have a high risk for relapse, have adequate graft and organ function, are between day 40 and 100 post-transplant, do not have active grade III/IV GVHD or any active GVHD of the liver, and have no history of veno-occlusive disease (VOD). The primary objective of this phase I clinical trial is to define a post alloHCT maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of INO. Secondary objectives include describing the safety profile of INO post-alloHCT, determining the rate of VOD, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at 1 year post alloHCT. The trial design is a 3+3 model. The study treatment consists of a total of four 28 day cycles of INO starting at dose level 0 (0.3mg/m2) given on day 1. Dose limiting toxicities (DLT) include VOD, prolonged cytopenia (more than 28 days), and death. If there are no DLTs experienced in a cohort, patients may be enrolled in the next highest dose level (Table 1). Results As of October 1st, 2019, 9 patients have been treated. One patient went off treatment after 1 cycle of INO (patient choice), two went off treatment after 3 cycles of INO (patient choice and physician choice) and one experienced a DLT due to prolonged thrombocytopenia. We have completed 1 year post-transplant follow up on 5 patients. All patients are alive and in CR. No patients experienced VOD. Significant side effects include thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. The percentage of any aGVHD is 62.5% and the rate of grade III/IV aGVHD is 0%. The percentage of any cGVHD is 42.8%. Patient characteristics are described below (Table 2). Conclusions In this phase 1 study, INO at doses of 0.3 and 0.4mg/m2 was well tolerated. Thrombocytopenia may be the dose limiting toxicity. The absence of disease recurrence in this small cohort of high risk ALL patients is very promising.
Machine Learning for Non-Programmers

Machine learning (ML) for data analysis have attracted the HCI community in the recent years. Multiple prebuilt ML libraries are available for popular programming languages such as R and Python to build and evaluate ML models. However, their usage demands good programming knowledge. The proposed course relaxes the need of programming by offering the model building via an open-source data mining tool called Orange. Orange features drag-and-drop functionality which enables ML developers to focus on model building rather than worrying about coding syntax. This course introduces the complete data mining pipeline with hands-on exercises on build and evaluating ML models.
Digital alloy contact layers for perovskite solar cells

Abstract Thin film optoelectronic devices commonly require an individual material to perform multiple functions, but the physical properties of single-composition materials often cannot be tuned to optimize these diverse requirements. The electron selective contact layer in perovskite solar cells is a prime example. The material must simultaneously have optimal conduction band alignment, facilitate carrier extraction, prevent recombination, and provide a chemically stable interface with the notoriously volatile perovskite semiconductor. The pulse-by-pulse nature of the thin-film deposition method pulsed laser deposition (PLD) provides an opportunity to form material alloys where the chemical composition is controlled at the nanometer scale. These digital alloys may prove to be a powerful materials class to meet some of the multifunctional needs of thin film devices. Using PLD to make electron transport layers from ZnO and MgZnO targets, we demonstrate that digital alloy gradients can be tuned to significantly outperform either of the parent materials in perovskite solar cells.
Major Stressors and Coping Strategies of Frontline Nursing Staff During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2020 (COVID-19) in Alabama

Background Studies suggest that nursing staff during pandemics such as H1N1 Influenza and COVID-19 exhibit higher than usual stress levels due to an increasingly overburdened healthcare system and increasing infection rates. This study aims to investigate the major stressors and coping strategies reported by nurses working directly with potentially infectious patients in Alabama, United States, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted with nursing staff working in hospital settings in the state. The questionnaire was completed by 109 nurses working in hospitals that treated COVID-19 patients. Results Around 71% of the nursing staff were concerned about receiving more COVID-19 patients and exhibited heightened workload-related stress resulting from taking care of infected patients. The study found that most nurses (82%) are stressed about getting their friends and family infected. Overall, younger, less experienced nurses reported more stress levels compared to older, senior-level nurses. Findings suggest that many nurses fail to perceive protective measures as an effective coping strategy, with only 75% reporting problem-solving strategies such as hand washing and wearing a face mask, and only 60% avoiding public transportation and crowded spaces. Findings also suggest a lack of organizational support including psychiatric assistance, with no nurses reportedly seeking psychological therapy. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic increased the stress level of the nursing staff in Alabama. The study finds that the cases in the state of AL are still increasing dramatically, which can overwhelme the healthcare system and escalate nurse stress levels.
The interplay between airway epithelium and the immune system – A primer for the respiratory clinician

The respiratory epithelium is one of the primary interfaces between the body's immune system and the external environment. This review discusses the innate and adaptive immunomodulatory effects of the respiratory epithelium, highlighting the physiologic immune responses associated with health and the disease-causing sequelae when these physiologic responses go awry. Airway macrophages, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells are discussed as orchestrators of physiological and pathological innate immune responses and T cells, B cells, mast cells, and granulocytes (eosinophils and neutrophils) as orchestrators of physiologic and pathologic adaptive immune responses. The interplay between the airway epithelium and the varied immune cells as well as the interplay between these immune cells is discussed, highlighting the importance of the dose of noxious stimuli and pathogens in immune programming and the timing of their interaction with the immune cells that determine the pattern of immune responses. Although each cell type has been researched individually, this review highlights the need for simultaneous temporal investigation of immune responses from these varied cells to noxious stimuli and pathogens.
Evaluation of U-Net Based Architectures for Automatic Aortic Dissection Segmentation

Segmentation and reconstruction of arteries is important for a variety of medical and engineering fields, such as surgical planning and physiological modeling. However, manual methods can be labori...
IN VIVO LABELING AND ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSLATION PRODUCTS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods utilized in the laboratory for the study of mitochondrial protein synthesis in vivo in human cells in culture. These methods can easily be applied to other mammalian cells. The analysis of mitochondrial translation products has proved to be useful for the study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations causing diseases in humans or isolated in cultured cell systems. Among the mutants analyzed in this way, there are some that exhibit a decreased overall protein synthesis rate, some that synthesize additional, abnormal polypeptides, because of premature termination or the presence of deletions, and some that do not synthesize one or another given polypeptide due to frameshift mutations. As of the simplicity of the mammalian mitochondrial genetic system, with only 13 protein-coding genes, and because of the high signal-to-noise ratio in the labeled translation products, in vivo labeling and analysis of the mitochondrial translation products provide a very powerful tool for the dissection of the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms of mtDNA mutations affecting the translation apparatus.
C++ and Object-Oriented Programming

So far in this book, the programming that has been done is conventional, or procedural, in fact, structured (using “a better C”), and analogous to Pascal with many convenient extensions. As everyone knows, structured programming can accomplish any programming job, and is certainly not obsolete. Structured programming uses both algorithms and data structures; although the programmer attends to both, the focus is probably on the algorithms.
Range-Wide Genetic Analysis of Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) Populations: Estimating the Risk of Spread of White-Nose Syndrome

The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) is one of the most widespread bat species in North America and is experiencing severe population declines because of an emerging fungal disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS). To manage and conserve this species effectively it is important to understand patterns of gene flow and population connectivity to identify possible barriers to disease transmission. However, little is known about the population genetic structure of little brown bats, and to date, no studies have investigated population structure across their entire range. We examined mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellites in 637 little brown bats (including all currently recognized subspecific lineages) from 29 locations across North America, to assess levels of genetic variation and population differentiation across the range of the species, including areas affected by WNS and those currently unaffected. We identified considerable spatial variation in patterns of female dispersal and significant genetic variation between populations in eastern versus western portions of the range. Overall levels of nuclear genetic differentiation were low, and there is no evidence for any major barriers to gene flow across their range. However, patterns of mtDNA differentiation are highly variable, with high ΦST values between most sample pairs (including between all western samples, between western and eastern samples, and between some eastern samples), while low mitochondrial differentiation was observed within two groups of samples found in central and eastern regions of North America. Furthermore, the Alaskan population was highly differentiated from all others, and western populations were characterized by isolation by distance while eastern populations were not. These data raise the possibility that the current patterns of spread of WNS observed in eastern North America may not apply to the entire range and that there may be broad-scale spatial variation in the risk of WNS transmission and occurrence if the disease continues to spread west.
The Role of Negotiation in Planning, Management, and Policy Analysis

Over the past two decades planners, analysts, and managers have all been urged to become more involved in the actual process of negotiation that surrounds all public policymaking. The article both summarizes the literature on how negotiation is emerging as a central feature of these three professions and provides three cases, all derived from litigation, in which the role of negotiator is required of the technician or neutral advisor. The article then suggests what is at stake when negotiation is adopted as a primary professional role.
Multi-INT Query Language for DDDAS Designs

Abstract Context understanding is established from coordination of content, analysis, and interaction between users and machines. In this manuscript, a live-video computing (LVC) approach is presented for access to data, comprehension of context, and analysis for context assessment. Context assessment includes multimedia fusion of query-based text, images, and exploited tracks, which are utilized for information retrieval. We explore developments in database systems which enable context to be extracted by user-based queries. Using a common image processing data set, we demonstrate activity analysis with context, privacy, and semantic-awareness in a Dynamic Data-Driven Applications System (DDDAS).
SIV-specific CD8+ T cells are enriched in female genital mucosa of rhesus macaques and express receptors for inflammatory chemokines.

Citation Cromwell MA, Carville A, Mansfield K, Klumpp S, Westmoreland SV, Lackner AA, Johnson RP. SIV-specific CD8+ T cells are enriched in female genital mucosa of rhesus macaques and express receptors for inflammatory chemokines. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 242–247 Problem Mucosal T lymphocyte responses in the female reproductive tract, the primary site of HIV transmission in women, may be critical for initial control of virus infection. In addition, characterization of genital immune responses to HIV will be important for the development of a vaccine capable of preventing infection by this route. Method of study We analyzed lymphocytes isolated from vagina and cervix of chronically SIV-infected macaques for the frequency of SIV Gag tetramer-binding cells and expression of chemokine receptors. Results We found that the frequency of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses was 3- to 30-fold higher in genital tissues than in peripheral blood. SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in genital tissues expressed high levels of CXCR3 and CCR5, chemokine receptors normally expressed on memory T cells that home to inflamed tissues. Cells expressing CXCR3 colocalized with its chemokine ligand CXCL9 [monokine induced by interferon gamma, MIG] in the vaginal lamina propria. Conclusion These results indicate that the frequency of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in the female genital mucosa is enriched compared with peripheral blood and provide initial information regarding the signals that direct recruitment of T cells to the female reproductive tract.
From Representational Preformationism to the Epigenesis of Openness to the World

Abstract: The problem of how to reconcile the apparent “purposiveness” of the living organism with nonteleological, mechanist modes of explanation was given a certain form through most of the 20th century by a relatively decontextualized understanding of the gene as the heritable determinant of phenotypic traits. As instrumentally preformationist presuppositions about genes give way to the burgeoning elucidation of cell and molecular mechanisms of epigenesis, basic questions about the nature of complex living systems and their evolutionary origins once again come into consideration. Some suggestions are offered for a vision of the genetically recontextualized organism.