cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ZONMET thermodynamic and kinetic model of metal condensation

The ZONMET model of metal condensation is a FORTRAN computer code that calculates condensation with partial isolation-type equilibrium partitioning of the 19 most abundant elements among 203 gaseous and 488 condensed phases and growth in the nebula of a zoned metal grain by condensation from the nebular gas accompanied by diffusional redistribution of Ni, Co, and Cr. Of five input parameters of the ZONMET model (chemical composition of the system expressed as the dust/gas (D/G) ratio, nebular pressure (Ptot), isolation degree (), cooling rate (CR), and seed size), only two—the D/G ratio and the CR of the nebular source region of a zoned Fe,Ni grain—are important in determining the grain radius and Ni, Co, and Cr zoning profiles. We found no evidence for the supercooling during condensation of Fe,Ni metal that is predicted by the homogeneous nucleation theory. The model allows estimates to be made of physicochemical parameters in the CH chondrite nebular source regions. Modeling growth and simultaneous diffusional redistribution of Ni, Co, and Cr in the zoned metal grains of CH chondrites reveals that the condensation zoning profiles were substantially modified by diffusion while the grains were growing in the nebula. This means that previous estimates of the physicochemical conditions in the nebular source regions of CH and CB chondrites, based on measured zoning profiles of Ni, Co, Cr, and platinum group elements in Fe,Ni metal grains, need to be corrected. The two zoned metal grains in the PAT 91456 and NWA 470 CH chondrites studied so far require nebular source regions with different chemical compositions (D/G 1 and D/G 4, respectively) and thermal histories characterized by variable cooling rates ( CR 0.011 0.0022 T K/h and CR 0.05 0.0035 T K/h, respectively). It appears that the metal grains of the CH chondrites were formed in multiple nebular source regions or in different events within the same source region as the CB chondrite metal grains were formed. Copyright © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd
Mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. I. The effect of rate and pressure on arterial oxygenation of infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Extract: This study reports the effect of varying specific parameters of mechanical ventilation on aortic PO2 in six infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome. Twenty-seven studies were performed during the first 168 hours of mechanical ventilation. In each study, arterial oxygen partial pressure was found to vary directly with airway pressure and inversely with respiratory rate. No correlation was found between rate and pressure, or PaO2, PaCO2, and pHa. Oxygenation of infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome can be significantly influenced by variation of specific parameters of mechanical ventilation independently of change in aortic carbon dioxide tension. Speculation: Optimal oxygenation during mechanical ventilation of infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome is dependent upon selection of the specific and appropriate pattern of ventilation.
Comparison of classification methods to determine footfall pattern

The suggested benefits of running footfall patterns are widely discussed in the academic and popular literature. However, the rearfoot (RF), midfoot (MF) and forefoot (FF) patterns have not been ad...
Age-related mechanisms of cricoid cartilage response to injury in the developing rabbit.

Objective To evaluate age-related mechanisms of cricoid cartilage response to injury in an animal model. Study Design A pilot study using monoclonal antibodies to chondrocyte proliferation markers collagen II, aggrecan, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to evaluate age-related response of injured cricoid cartilage. Methods Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits aged 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 1.5 years were studied. Six animals in each age group underwent intracartilaginous injury through cricofissure and tracheofissure. Three animals of each group were used as control subjects. The animals were killed 4 weeks after injury, their cricoid cartilages harvested, and 7-μm sections of tissue obtained. The cricoid tissue sections were stained with immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody markers to collagen II, aggrecan, and PCNA. Results In all age groups, no control animals had symptoms of airway compromise or immunohistochemical abnormality. For all three markers of chondrocyte proliferation, the 4-week-old animals showed markedly increased staining at the injured edges of cartilage. The 8-week-old animals showed mild increased extracellular staining, and the 1.5-year-old animals showed no increased staining compared with uninjured areas of the cricoid ring and with control animals. Conclusion There was a progressive, age-related attenuation of staining for markers of chondrocyte proliferation in the 8-week and 1.5-year-old rabbits compared with the 4-week-old rabbit cricoids.
Measuring the Global Footprint of an MBA

This article discusses the concept that is termed the global footprint as a measure of a university’s internationalization efforts along multiple dimensions. A university’s globalization is multidi...
On the planar motion of rigid bodies with point contact

Abstract We study the so called roll-slide motions between curves with point contact under planar motion. We consider instantaneous time based kinematics, and assume the presence of a tactile sensor to measure the relative motion at the point of contact. It is indicated how the derived kinematic relationships can be applied to sensor-based robotic path planning.
Abundance of Nitrous Oxide in Ground-Level Air*

The abundance of nitrous oxide in ground-level air at Columbus, Ohio was measured by comparing the absorption of the P-branch of the 4.5-μ N2O band in atmospheric spectra, taken over a 706-meter path, with the corresponding absorptions by known amounts of N2O. The atmospheric absorption was found to correspond to a nitrous oxide abundance of 0.27±0.05 ppm. No variation in abundance was detected over a 3-month period.
Copper alloy–stainless steel bonded laminates for fusion reactor applications: tensile strength and microstructure

Abstract The tensile strength of copper alloy–stainless steel bi-layer panels joined by hot isostatic pressing or explosive bonding was tested over a temperature range 25–350°C. The bonding processes caused changes in interfacial microstructures which affected the interfacial mechanical properties. Hot isostatic pressed materials studied included: precipitation strengthened CuNiBe or dispersion strengthened Cu–Al 2 O 3 bonded to 316L stainless steel plates and Cu–Al 2 O 3 bonded to Cu–Al 2 O 3 . An explosive bonded panel of Cu–Al 2 O 3 –316L stainless steel was also examined. Hot isostatic pressed panels showed similar decreasing shear strengths with increasing temperature, while the explosive bonded panel displayed substantially higher strength at 25°C but declined rapidly as the test temperature increased. Tensile strengths of all panels were nominally lower than the constituent bulk material strengths and delamination near the copper alloy–stainless steel interface was the dominate failure mode in the bi-metallic panels. The joining processes were found to alter the microstructure of the bond interfacial regions in the form of microporosity and Fe–Cr–B precipitate formation, NiBe precipitate morphology changes and interdiffusion of constituent elements.
Fast Photoluminescence Decay in a-SiNx:H Films

We have used a fast analog technique(100 ps resolution) to study photoluminescence(PL) decay in a-SiNx:H films in nanosecond(0.1-50 ns) range. Films prepared using RF glow discharge of NF3 and pure SiH4 were used for these measurements. The PL decays in the films were studied as a function of nitrogen content for 0≤x≤0.13. When the PL decay measured at 25 K is fitted with I(t) = a0 + Σai exp (−t/τi)> where a0, ai, and τi, are fitting parameters, we get three distinct lifetimes with τ1 = 0.8 ± 0.2 ns, τ2 = 3.5 ± 0.5 ns and τ3 = 14.0 ± 3.0 ns. We find that these lifetimes do not change with nitrogen content but their relative contributions to the PL decay change with nitrogen content. We have also studied the effect of temperature and excitation energy on the PL decays at different emission energies. We suggest an excitonic origin to these three recombination processes.
Coincident induction of long-term facilitation at sensory-motor synapses in Aplysia: presynaptic and postsynaptic factors.

Induction of long-term synaptic changes at one synapse can facilitate the induction of long-term plasticity at another synapse. Here we show that if Aplysia sensory neuron (SN) somata and their remote motor neuron (MN) synapses are simultaneously exposed to serotonin (5HT) pulses, which at either site alone are insufficient to induce long-term facilitation (LTF), processes activated at these sites interact to induce LTF. Coincident induction of LTF requires: (1) that the synaptic pulse occurs within a brief temporal window of the somatic pulse and (2) that local protein synthesis occurs immediately at the synapse, followed by delayed protein synthesis at the soma. LTF at the SN-MN synapses can also be induced with cell-wide application of repeated pulses of 5HT. However, these two forms of LTF differ mechanistically: (1) coincident LTF requires protein synthesis in the postsynaptic motor neuron, whereas repeated 5HT LTF does not, and (2) repeated 5HT LTF is accompanied by intermediate-term (3 h) facilitation, whereas coincident LTF is not. Thus LTF expressed in the same temporal domain can result from different underlying mechanisms.
Role partitioning of swimming musculature of striped Bass Morone saxatilis Walbaum and Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix L.

Electromyography was used to determine the functional roles of the axial musculature in striped bass and bluefish at imposed swimming velocities. The lateral red muscle powers propulsive movements at all sustainable swimming speeds in both species. The amplitude and frequency of EMG's from the red muscle grade with increasing swimming velocity. The white muscle, forming the main mass of the myotome, is reserved for high-speed burst swimming above maximum sustainable speeds. The proportion of the myotome occupied by the red muscle at the level of the caudal peduncle is 10.9% and 18.6% for the striped bass and the bluefish respectively.
Regeneration of Hair Cells: Making Sense of All the Noise

Hearing loss affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide by dampening or cutting off their auditory connection to the world. Current treatments for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with cochlear implants are not perfect, leaving regenerative medicine as the logical avenue to a perfect cure. Multiple routes to regeneration of damaged hair cells have been proposed and are actively pursued. Each route not only requires a keen understanding of the molecular basis of ear development but also faces the practical limitations of stem cell regulation in the delicate inner ear where topology of cell distribution is essential. Improvements in our molecular understanding of the minimal essential genes necessary for hair cell formation and recent advances in stem cell manipulation, such as seen with inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs), have opened new possibilities to advance research in translational stem cell therapies for individuals with hearing loss. Despite this, more detailed network maps of gene expression are needed, including an appreciation for the roles of microRNAs (miRs), key regulators of transcriptional gene networks. To harness the true potential of stem cells for hair cell regeneration, basic science and clinical medicine must work together to expedite the transition from bench to bedside by elucidating the full mechanisms of inner ear hair cell development, including a focus on the role of miRs, and adapting this knowledge safely and efficiently to stem cell technologies.
Cardiac tumor in juvenile onset Behçet's disease: case report and review of the literature.

Behcet’s disease is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disorder characterized by orogenital ulcerations, uveitis, and occasional cardiac involvement. This report describes an atypical presentation of pediatric Behcet’s disease with pulmonary emboli and a cardiac mass. A 16-year-old boy with a 2-year history of oral ulcers presented with weight loss, fever, joint pain, and a large tumor adhering to the free wall of the heart’s right ventricle. Surgical biopsy demonstrated endomyocarditis with thrombus formation and led to the diagnosis. At the 2-year follow-up evaluation, intracardiac thrombus and pulmonic emboli had not recurred. Symptom control with immunosuppressive therapy was good.
Morphometric studies of the rat hippocampus following chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Persistent behavioral effects resembling those of hippocampal brain lesions have been reported following chronic administration of marijuana or its major psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to rats. We used morphometric techniques to investigate the effects of chronic THC on the anatomical integrity of the hippocampus. Rats dosed orally for 90 days with 10 to 60 mg/kg THC or vehicle were evaluated by light and electron microscopy up to 7 months after their last dose of drug. Electron micrographs revealed a striking ultrastructural appearance and statistically significant decreases in mean volume of neurons and their nuclei sampled from the hippocampal CA3 region of rats treated with the highest doses of THC. A 44% reduction in the number of synapses per unit volume was demonstrated in these same rats. Golgi impregnation studies of additional groups of rats treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg/day THC and sacrificed 2 months after their last treatment with THC revealed a reduction in the dendritic length of CA3 pyramidal neurons, despite normal appearing ultrastructure and no changes in synaptic density. The hippocampal changes reported here may constitute a morphological basis for behavioral effects after chronic exposure to marijuana.
Risk factors for intubation of adult asthmatic patients.

Our object was to describe demographic data from a population of adult asthmatics admitted to a regional tertiary medical center to identify risk factors for intubation. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all asthma admissions (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Code 493.9) excluding cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This included all patients with asthma 20 years and above admitted to the University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, from January 1, 1990 to June 30, 1993. A total of 375 asthma admissions were reviewed. There were 244 women (29 intubated) and 131 men (13 intubated) with a mean age of 40.7 (range 20-72) years. Of this group, 131 people were white, 140 black, 56 Hispanic, 42 Asian, and 6 American Indian. By National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Guidelines, there were 101 mild, 181 moderate, and 93 severe cases. Significant risk parameters identified for intubation were psychosocial problems [odds ratio (O.R.) 9.3; 95% confide...
Bayesian models and meta analysis for multiple tissue gene expression data following corticosteroid administration

Background This paper addresses key biological problems and statistical issues in the analysis of large gene expression data sets that describe systemic temporal response cascades to therapeutic doses in multiple tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney from the same animals. Affymetrix time course gene expression data U34A are obtained from three different tissues including kidney, liver and muscle. Our goal is not only to find the concordance of gene in different tissues, identify the common differentially expressed genes over time and also examine the reproducibility of the findings by integrating the results through meta analysis from multiple tissues in order to gain a significant increase in the power of detecting differentially expressed genes over time and to find the differential differences of three tissues responding to the drug.
The dynamic mechanical behaviour of carbon black filled EPDM parallel and series models

Abstract The mechanical, elastic and viscoelastic properties of an elastomer are affected by the addition of carbon black. Incorporation of carbon black into an elastomeric matrix increases tensile strength, the complex dynamic modulus and hysteresis among other properties. Dynamic mechanical properties of elastomers filled with polymeric and non-polymeric fillers can be described in terms of certain mechanical models proposed by Takayanagi. In the case of a two-component series model, equations have been developed to predict the individual strain in each phase when testing under position control. Utilizing the loss modulus and the square of the dynamic strain amplitude of each phase, it is possible to calculate the hysteresis in each section. Based on the assumption that the model hysteresis is a weighted average of individual hysteretic contributions, the energy loss per cycle of the series model may be predicted. This approach is also utilized in the case of a two-component parallel model.
A Historical Review of the Madison Model of Community Care

The community-based mental health care programs developed by Stein, Test, and their colleagues in Madison, Wisconsin, have had a profound impact on the delivery of mental health services to the severely mentally ill. The authors trace the development of the model from its late-1960s emphasis on improving Mendota State Hospital and providing intensive post-discharge care through the phases of releasing patients early to the community, preventing hospitalization, providing continuous community care for young schizophrenics, maintaining difficult patients in the community, and organizing a system of care. Throughout its evolution the model has changed significantly in response to changing circumstances, reflecting the assertive adaptability of the approach. Program planners attempting to incorporate elements of the Madison model in their own settings must be aware of current pressures that are likely to force further adaptations.
Protein disulphide isomerase mediates platelet aggregation and secretion

Platelet surface thiols and disulphides play an important role in platelet responses. Agents that reduce disulphide bonds expose the fibrinogen receptor in platelets and activate the purified glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa receptor. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), an enzyme that rearranges disulphides bonds, is found on the platelet surface where it is catalytically active. We investigated the role of PDI in platelet responses using (1) rabbit anti-PDI IgG specific for PDI, (2) a competing substrate (scrambled ribonuclease A), and (3) the PDI inhibitor, bacitracin. Fab fragments of the rabbit anti-PDI IgG inhibited platelet responses to the agonists tested (ADP and collagen), whereas Fab fragments prepared identically from normal rabbit IgG had no inhibitory effect. Scrambled ribonuclease A blocked platelet aggregation and secretion, but native ribonuclease A did not. When biphasic platelet aggregation was examined using platelets in citrated plasma, the principle effect of bacitracin was on second phase or irreversible aggregation responses and the accompanying secretion. Using flow cytometry and an antibody specific for activated GPIIbIIIa (PAC-1), the rabbit anti-PDI Fab fragments substantially inhibited activation of GPIIbIIIa when added before, but not after, platelet activation. In summary, we have demonstrated that protein disulphide isomerase mediates platelet aggregation and secretion, and that it activates GPIIbIIIa, suggesting this receptor as the target of the enzyme.
PPN12: DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE BETWEEN MIGRAINEURS WITH AND WITHOUT PROPHYLACTIC MEDICATION USE

In a previous study, sumatriptan therapy was associated with improvements in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Using the same population, the present study explores additional changes in HRQoL between patients who did and did not receive migraine prophylaxis medication. OBJECTIVES: To compare the difference in HRQoL of migraineurs who did and did not receive migraine prophylactic medication. METHODS: A retrospective database analysis was conducted using pharmacy claims and HRQoL data. Study patients were from a managed care organization, were diagnosed with migraine, and were initiated on sumatriptan (baseline). The SF-36 and Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-Version 1.0 (MSQ) surveys were administered at baseline, 3 and 6 months after initiation of sumatriptan. Patients were identified for the prophylaxis group if they received any medication from a previously developed list of possible migraine prophylaxis medications: 1) within 30 days prior to baseline and 2) at least 4 out of the 6 months after baseline. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed comparing differences in HRQoL between the groups from baseline to 6 months. RESULTS: Of 178 patients, 40 were in the prophylaxis group and 138 in the non-prophylaxis group. Statistically significant increases were found in the MSQ Role Function-Restrictive, and the SF-36 Role-Physical, Bodily Pain domains in the non-prophylaxis group compared with the prophylaxis group (p-value <0.05). A statistically significant increase was found in the SF-36 Physical Functioning domain in the prophylaxis group compared with the non-prophylaxis group (p-value <0.05). CONCLUSION: Although sumatriptan has been shown to improve HRQoL of migraineurs, concurrent use of prophylaxis medication for migraineurs shows mixed results of any additional benefit in HRQoL.
Two-non-identical unit-system with priority-based repair and inspection

The present paper deals with the analysis of a system consisting of two non-identical parallel units, in which the first type of unit has priority over the second type for repair, inspection and post repair. The failure rates, and the repair, inspection and post repair time distributions for both types of units are assumed to be different. Using the regenerative point technique in the Markov-renewal process, several reliability measures are obtained.
The Quantitative Utilization of Amino Acids and Glucose and Contact Inhibition of Growth in Cultures of the Human Diploid Cell, WI-38

There are many reports in the literature showing that contact inhibition of growth is affected by the culture medium. A quantitative study of amino acid and glucose uptake by the human diploid cell line, WI-38 was carried out to determine more precisely what effect nutritional factors have on contact inhibition of growth. Eagle9s minimal essential medium (MEM) was found to support higher cell yields than Eagle9s basal medium (BME) and for growth to continue beyond 96 h a medium change was essential. However, analysis of the used growth media showed that neither amino acids nor glucose were fully depleted after 96 h. The rate of glucose utilization was in the range 65-100µg/mg dry wt./h and this agreed very closely with the results of other authors. The pattern of amino acid uptake also closely resembled that for other cell lines except that the utilization of cystine was higher. The nutritional requirements were further studied as the results from the medium analyses failed to explain the growth-promoting activity of MEM. Daily medium changes greatly increased cell yields even though the medium nutrients were not exhausted. This effect was dependent upon fresh medium being used and the only medium component found to be of importance was the amino acid complement. These results are discussed in relation to the low saturation density of diploid cells in culture and a possible explanation is proposed in terms of differences in the cell membrane between normal and altered cells.
Estimating density and number of lane change maneuvers on a freeway

This paper illustrates a methodology for estimating density in a freeway lane between detector stations and measuring the net number of vehicles to enter (or leave) the lane, i.e., the lane inflow. The work uses vehicle arrivals at each detector station and information from a sparse vehicle reidentification system, one that may match the measurements from as few as five percent of the vehicles that pass both detector stations. Such reidentification systems have already been documented and deployed for dual loop detectors and they will be used for illustration. Of course this work is also applicable to other vehicle reidentification systems, which may be based on other detection technologies, that may have a higher rate of reidentification.
Monitoring cross-channel correlation solar scan measurements using the Iowa X-band polarimetric radars

The sun is a convenient and frequently employed external radiation source for calibrating weather radar antenna and receiver characteristics. However, changes in solar activity can be a major source of error in interpreting the results of solar calibration for lower frequency bands. The cross-correlation of horizontal and vertical polarization signals, which is zero for perfectly unpolarized electromagnetic radiation, could give non-zero estimates if a quiet sun is not observed by the radar. In this paper, solar scan measurements are made at X-band to detect the effect of solar activity on this cross-correlation coefficient. To facilitate mitigation of instrument-wide errors, we employ multiple XPOL radars to simultaneously observe the sun. Though our experiments during a limited period show that the cross-channel correlation estimates obtained by X-band weather radars remain relatively unaffected by the variations in solar flux, the paper makes suggestions on improving the results.
Timing driven multi-FPGA board partitioning

System level design is increasingly turning towards FPGAs to take advantage of their low cost and fast prototyping. In this paper we present a timing driven partitioning approach for an architecturally constrained multi-FPGA system. The partitioning approach uses path-based clustering based on the work by Dennis et al. (1995) and retiming. The board-level architecture is based on the PCB model consisting of four Xilinx 4013 FPGAs. The proposed algorithm has been tested on large scale real designs.
What Should Feminists Do About Nature

Feminists, including this one, have two problems with nature: a special problem which is a historical and political problem, and an ontological problem that we share with everyone else (our metabolism with the earth). My claim is that the first problem is so acute that it tends to make us forget the second. The fundamental division in contemporary feminist thinking can be described as that between feminists who are interested in deconstructing, all the way down, the notion of natural differences between women and men as pre-social, and feminists who are interested in recuperating, re-affirming or asserting some version of originary sexual difference. By returning to Simone de Beauvoir, we find that even at this early moment in contemporary feminist thought a more complex account of nature was already articulated. Beauvoir helps us understand how structures of injustice are parasitically entangled with general features of human existence, even those that seem most “natural.” At one founding moment of contemporary feminist thinking, then, deconstructive and descriptive engagements with the question of nature, far from being opposed, are co-necessary features of feminist thought.
The Gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta as a Resource: Utilization by Larval Trematodes in a Low-Prevalence System

Abstract The snail Ilyanassa obsoleta is native in estuaries along the eastern seaboard of North America. In Delaware, most studies on this snail and its larval trematode parasites have been done in snail populations where prevalence (percent infected) is high. Here, data were obtained from a lower-prevalence population in southeastern Rehoboth Bay, Delaware, to study how the resident trematodes exploit the snail resource among the salt marsh islands. Snails were sieved from 3 plots (1 m2 each) at each of 21 locations in the ∼1.5-km2 study area. Snails were counted and all, or a random selection, were measured for size and dissected to reveal sex and trematode infections. Snails in the area were distributed heterogeneously with respect to density, size, and parasite prevalence. Overall, utilization of the snail resource by trematodes was low. Prevalence of 6 trematode species (in 11 combinations) was 13.9% among 6,862 snails collected. Most snails in the area had remained uninfected for many years. All sn...
Differentiation between Acting-Out and Non-Acting-Out Alcoholics with the Rorschach and Hand Test.

Two Hand Test and 18 Rorschach variables significantly differentiated two subgroups of aggressive and nonaggressive alcoholics (N = 60). The aggressive group could be characterized as hostile, impulsive, undercontrolled, undersocialized, and deficient in the capacity to pursue constructive environmental objectives. The results were largely in accord with other projective studies of known acting-out groups. The 11 predictor variables that emerged from a stepwise discriminant analysis appear to have practical value for recognizing the potential acting-out alcoholic and also provide evidence for the construct validity of the two projective tests used in this study.
Spectroscopic investigation of the structure of low temperature modification of the crystalline phase of acetylene and acetylene-D2

Infrared spectra of the low temperature modification of C2H2 and C2D2 have been obtained. The spectra of the low temperature phase are interpreted as arising from an orthorhombic crystal with a D2h space group having two molecules per unit cell on C2h sites. The molecular axes are shown to be oriented perpendicular to the C2-axis at the site.
Cross-Protection Between West Nile and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses in Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)

Similar to West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has a history of intercontinental spread, and birds are important for the maintenance and transmission of both of these closely related viruses. We examined viremic and serologic responses of blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), with and without immunity to WNV, following experimental inoculation with two strains of JEV. Japanese encephalitis (JE) viremia was detected in only one of 16 (6.3%) WNV-immune birds, while all 16 nonimmune birds had detectable JE viremia. Two weeks after JEV inoculation, all birds without pre-existing WNV immunity had clearly distinguishable anti-JEV antibodies, while in all birds with pre-existing WNV immunity, antibodies to WNV and JEV were either indistinguishable or the anti-WNV antibody titers were significantly higher. As WNV is endemic throughout much of North America, WNV immunity among birds may dampen transmission while complicating the serologic diagnosis of JEV, should this pathogen be introduced to North America.
Online recursive estimation of remaining life using ultrasonic measurements

This article addresses diagnosis and prognosis of evolving fatigue crack damage in polycrystalline alloy structures. It presents a statistically inspired recursive method for in situ estimation of the remaining useful life in machinery components, based on real-time measurements. The underlying algorithm is built upon (a) symbolic dynamic filtering of (online) ultrasonic sensor data and (b) Karhunen–Loeve decomposition of optical measurements for (off-line) construction of a stochastic model of fatigue crack propagation. The proposed method has been experimentally validated on a computer-instrumented and computer-controlled fatigue test apparatus for estimation of crack damage and prediction of the remaining useful life in test specimens, made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloys.
How to Teach Medication Management: A Review of Novel Educational Materials in Geriatrics

Medication management is an important component of medical education, particularly in the field of geriatrics. The Association of American Medical Colleges has put forth 26 minimum geriatrics competencies under eight domains for graduating medical students; medication management is one of these domains. The Portal of Geriatric Online education (www.POGOe.org) is an online public repository of geriatrics educational materials and modules developed by geriatrics educators and academicians in the United States, freely available for use by educators and learners in the field. The three POGOe materials presented in this review showcase pearls of medication management for medical and other professional students in novel learning formats that can be administered without major prior preparation. The review compares and contrasts the three materials in descriptive and tabular formats to enable its appropriate use by educators in promoting self-learning or group learning among their learners.
Helping students manage emotions: REBT as a mental health educational curriculum

In preparing children to deal with life in an increasingly complex society, it is important that schools devote attention to well-organised and theoretically sound programmes employing a preventive approach to mental health. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), as indicated in its name, incorporates changes to thought processes and behaviours. It is a cognitive–emotive–behavioural system of therapy, and is based on the assumption that emotional problems result from illogical and irrational patterns of thinking about an event rather than from the event itself. REBT is a mental health and an educational intervention. It attempts to teach students how to help themselves by providing a structured method of processing extreme emotions. The purpose of this article is to provide practitioners with a knowledge base and practical applications of REBT that have been successfully implemented in various educational contexts.
Observations of Surface Forcing from the Subduction Experiment: A Comparison with Global Model Products and Climatological Datasets*

Abstract Reliable estimates of the exchange of heat, moisture, and momentum across the air–sea interface are essential in assessing the local “representativeness” of the surface forcing fields depicted by global model and climatological datasets. The reliability and extended length of the in situ data collected by a large-scale array of buoys deployed during the Subduction Experiment make this dataset particularly well suited to providing such an assessment. The Subduction Experiment was designed to explore the process by which the mixed layer waters of the eastern subtropical North Atlantic are incorporated into the top of the main thermocline. To this end, an array of five buoys was maintained between 18°–33°N and 22°–34°W from June 1991 to June 1993. In situ dynamic, thermodynamic, and radiometric measurements are utilized along with a state-of-the-art bulk flux algorithm to estimate the time-dependent surface forcing at each of the buoys. The resulting air–sea fluxes are compared to similar quantities...
Comparative study of viscerosomatic input onto postsynaptic dorsal column and spinothalamic tract neurons in the primate.

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine, in the primate, the role of the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) system and that of the spinothalamic tract (STT) in viscerosensory process...
Temperature fluctuations superimposed on background temperature change

Abstract Proxy data allows the temperature of the Earth to be mapped over long periods of time. In this work the temperature fluctuations for over 200 proxy data sets were examined and from this set 50 sets were analyzed to test for periodic and quasi-periodic fluctuations in the data sets. Temperature reconstructions over 4 different time scales were analyzed to see if patterns emerged. Data were put into four time intervals; 4,000 years, 14,000 years, 1,000,000 years, and 3,000,000 years and analyzed with a goal to understanding periodic and quasi-periodic patterns in global temperature change superimposed on a “background” average temperature change. Quasi-periodic signatures were identified that predate the Industrial Revolution, during much of which direct data on temperature are not available. These data indicate that Earth temperatures have undergone a number of periodic and quasi-periodic intervals that contain both global warming and global cooling cycles. The fluctuations are superimposed on a background of temperature change that has a declining slope during the two periods, pre-ice age and post ice age with a transition about 12,000 BCE. The data are divided into “events” that span the time periods 3,000,000 BCE to “0” CE, 1,000,000 BCE to “0” CE, 12,000 BCE to 2,000 CE and 2,000 BCE to 2,000 CE. An equation using a quasi-periodic (frequency modulated sine waves) patterns was developed to analyze the date sets for quasi-periodic patterns. “Periodicities” which show reasonable agreement with the predictions of Milankovitch and other investigators were found in the data sets.
States of oxygen ordering in YBa2Cu3Oz

The compound YBa2Cu3Oz (1-2-3) was the first one whose superconducting transition temperature exceeded the technologically important temperature of 77K1. Actually, the 1-2-3 compound at close to oxygen stoichiometry z=7 became superconducting at about Tc=90K, with Tc dropping by increments as z decreased from the value 7.
Validation of Interviewer-Assisted Recall for Measuring Minutes of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Elementary School Children, Grades 3 and 5.

Abstract Objective To test the validity of interviewer-administered recall for measuring moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in third- and fifth-grade children who reported physical activity (PA) only or both PA and diet, using a short (same-day recall in the afternoon) or long (previous-day recall in the morning) retention interval. Methods Randomly selected children (n = 95) wore an accelerometer 1 day in school. Interviews occurred in the afternoon of the day on which the accelerometer was worn or on the next morning. Assignment to interview content was random. Spearman correlations were calculated between MVPA interview and MVPA accelerometer minutes. Results The MVPA interview minutes were positively associated with the MVPA accelerometer minutes when the interview focused on PA only ( r = .34; P = .02) but not when children recalled PA and diet ( r = .12; P = .40). The MVPA interview minutes for the previous day was associated with the MVPA accelerometer minutes ( r = .33; P = .02), but not for the same day ( r = .17; P = .26). Conclusions A recall interview method that focuses solely on PA is a promising approach to assessing children's school-day PA.
European Union and the Deconstruction of the Rhineland Frontier: Myth and geopolitics of the Rhineland frontier

What is European Union about? Referenda in France, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Denmark have spawned doubts about the EU's future. The union's champions had been wagering for decades that once Europeans experienced its benefits they would gratefully ratify the project at the polls. In the words of former EU trade commissioner Pascal Lamy, “the people weren't ready to agree to integration, so you had to get on without telling them too much about what was happening.” But as it turns out, the “people,” not having heard too much about what was happening, are now demanding greater clarity about what they are being asked to ratify. The question “what is European Union about?” has become, for the first time in a half century, a topic of public debate. Although the EU's success is undisputed – peace in Europe is secure, the economy sound and in spots dynamic, and the EU a force to reckon with in international economic affairs – sympathy and support for the European Union have been eroded by uncertainty and frustration regarding its aims and purpose. Debate is often oppressively technical. The European federalist ideal no longer stirs the imagination with its vision of a more humane instance of political life. But the specter haunting the European Union is one not so much of failure as of loss of moral horizon. It is the specter of tedium, of ossification as the EU becomes merely the local manifestation – cum welfare – of global capitalism.
Effects of locus ceruleus and olfactory bulb stimulation on rat olfactory tubercle neuron activity.

The effects of electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb and the locus ceruleus on olfactory tubercle neurons were examined in rat models. Ipsilateral stimulation of the olfactory bulb produced excitation in 31% of olfactory tubercle neurons tested and inhibition in 17%. Twenty-two percent of the olfactory tubercle neurons were excited, whereas 9% were inhibited by ipsilateral stimulation of the locus ceruleus. Contralateral stimulation of the locus ceruleus produced similar responses in the same neuron entities. A negative-positive evoked potential was recorded in the olfactory tubercle after ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation of the locus ceruleus. Thirty-three percent of the olfactory tubercle neurons that responded orthodromically or antidromically to stimulation of the olfactory bulb were excited by ipsilateral stimulation of the locus ceruleus. In contrast, only 10% responded with excitation to ipsilateral stimulation of the locus ceruleus among the olfactory tubercle neurons that were unr...
Understanding Strain and Ligand Effects in Hydrogen Evolution over Pd(111) Surfaces

Pseudomorphic catalytic systems can exhibit enhanced or inhibited activity relative to the pure surface parent metal, based on a combination of strain and ligand effects. In contrast, mechanically ...
Ocean Sea Spray, Clouds, and Climate

How do phytoplankton influence the makeup of sea spray aerosol? How does that affect cloud formation? Two papers this month begin to answer these questions.
Adapting DAPT to Improve Outcomes After Coronary Stenting.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after coronary stenting reduces risk for stent thrombosis (ST) and ischemic events unrelated to the stented coronary segment [(1–3)][1]. Current evidence for optimal duration of DAPT after coronary stenting is limited because of conflicting reports regarding the
The Physician–Patient Relationship

The relationship between a physician and his or her patient is the heart of medicine. The quality of this relationship is strongly influenced by the doctor’s communication skills and in turn has an impact on patient outcomes as well as on physician factors such as satisfaction, burnout, and malpractice risk. This chapter also explores the importance of patient education and ensuring understanding and reviews how to deliver bad news using the SPIKES model. Vignettes that highlight these learning issues will be presented, and readers will be invited to apply the problem-based approach to work through these vignettes.
Diffraction of acoustic-gravity waves in the presence of a turning point

Acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) in an inhomogeneous atmosphere often have caustics, where the ray theory predicts unphysical, divergent values of the wave amplitude and needs to be modified. Unlike acoustic waves and gravity waves in incompressible fluids, AGW fields in the vicinity of a caustic have never been systematically studied. Here, asymptotic expansions of acoustic gravity waves are derived in the presence of a turning point in a horizontally stratified, moving fluid such as the atmosphere. Sound speed and the background flow (wind) velocity are assumed to vary gradually with height, and slowness of these variations determines the large parameter of the problem. It is found that uniform asymptotic expansions of the wave field in the presence of a turning point can be expressed in terms of the Airy function and its derivative. The geometrical, or Berry, phase, which arises in the consistent Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation for AGWs, plays an important role in the caustic asymptotics. In the dominant term of the uniform asymptotic solution, the terms with the Airy function and its derivative are weighted by the cosine and sine of the Berry phase, respectively. The physical meaning and corollaries of the asymptotic solutions are discussed.
Bureaucracy as a Despotic System of Domination

Within modem societies, wherein legal-rational authority is institutionalized, bureaucratic administration has emerged, and civil liberties have not disappeared. Therefore, why doubt the future in this respect?
Modeling of battery dynamics and hysteresis for power delivery prediction and SOC estimation

Abstract A modeling approach for battery as an Electrical Energy Storage System is proposed in this paper. The model aims to predict non-linear power delivery dynamics, given charge and discharge demand as a controllable input, not only in normal operating range of batteries, but also in extreme cases such as battery over-charging. In order to achieve that, the model is composed of separated voltage and current models. Several non-linear models, including Hammerstein model, non-linear open-circuit voltage characteristics, and Takacs hysteresis model are combined in the voltage and the current model, respectively. The state of charge of the battery can also be estimated in a recursive optimization fashion by the model. The parameterization and estimation methods of the model are described and also demonstrated on experimental data from a lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO 4 ) cell. The experiment validation shows excellent agreement between measured and simulated voltage and current signals provided by the model during both normal operating and over-charging conditions. The contribution of this paper is given by the unique combination of data-based models used to capture linear dynamics, static non-linearity, and non-linear hysteresis effects in a single dynamic voltage/current model to simulate and predict the non-linear dynamic behavior of a battery as an energy storage/delivery system.
RRT in AKI: Start Early or Wait?

The question of when to begin RRT in patients with AKI has been debated for nearly six decades. At its inception, hemodialysis was reserved for patients facing imminent uremic death ([1][1]). Soon thereafter, the concept of prophylactic dialysis was advanced ([2][2]), and over the past half century
A cryptic translocation leading to NUP98-PHF23 fusion in AML.

Chromosome translocations leading to gene fusions have emerged as important oncogenic drivers of various types of malignancies. Detection and characterization of these fusion genes not only help diagnosis and management of specific malignancies, but also contribute to our understanding of the genetic basis and pathogenesis of these diseases. NUP98 gene encodes a 98 kDa nucleoporin, which is a component of the nuclear pore complex that mediates transport of mRNA and proteins between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Due to its participation in translocations leading to the formation of fusion with at least 29 different partner genes, NUP98 is considered one of the most promiscuous fusion genes in hematologic malignancies. We discuss our identification and characterization of a NUP98-PHF23 fusion from a cryptic translocation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Cardiac MR Imaging in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Application and Image Interpretation

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a frequent cause of hospitalization and coronary interventions. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an increasingly used technique for initial work-up of chest pain and early post-reperfusion and follow-up evaluation of ACS to identify patients at high risk of further cardiac events. Cardiac MR imaging can evaluate with accuracy a variety of prognostic indicators of myocardial damage, including regional myocardial dysfunction, infarct distribution, infarct size, myocardium at risk, microvascular obstruction, and intramyocardial hemorrhage in both acute setting and later follow-up examinations. In addition, MR imaging is useful to rule out other causes of acute chest pain in patients admitted to the emergency department. In this article, a brief explanation of the pathophysiology, classification, and treatment options for patients with ACS will be introduced. Indications of cardiac MR imaging in ACS patients will be reviewed and specific cardiac MR protocol, image interpretation, and potential diagnostic pitfalls will be discussed. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.