cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fault tolerant digital system design

Fault-tolerant design concepts, such as self purging, sift-out modular redundancy, overlapping parity, and cyclic duplication coding, are presented. In most of these methods, fault location can be identified and even possibly be isolated or corrected. Practical case studies involving these methodologies are presented. In addition, methodologies to test the voter circuit for possible malfunction or fault condition are given. Such methods can fault isolate the critical points such as the voters and data routers, and thereby improve the system reliability. Practical case studies involving recompute with shifted operands (RESO) and recompute with swapped operands are also presented. These techniques will help to verify the correctness of the computed result and notify the use of possible software or internal hardware malfunction. >
From peers to policy: how broader social contexts influence the adaptation of children and youth in immigrant families.

This chapter provides an overview of nonfamily contexts that shape the development and adjustment of children and youth from immigrant families. It also describes the four chapters in this special issue that focus on peer, network, legal, and institutional contexts that influence the lives of immigrant parents and their children. Directions for future research on the social contexts of development in immigrant families are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance modeling and analysis of a priority token-ring network

The performance of token-ring networks with priority traffic is analyzed under a uniform Poisson traffic model. Approximate expressions are obtained for the mean access and waiting times of each of the priority classes. Our ring model considers the finite time that it takes for the priority information to propagate on the ring. Also, a network adaptor architecture is considered where there exists a single queue for packets of all priority levels that are serviced in FIFO order, but when a packet is scheduled for transmission at a station, it competes only with the same or higher priority packets residing at the head of the queues at the rest of the stations. >
A practical approach to synchronous hardware verification

Hardware designs expressed in a simple hardware description language can be formally verified by adapting techniques developed for software verification. This paper presents a case study that supports this claim. From the structural specification of a two-phase clocked synchronous hardware design, a behavioral description is automatically inferred. This is subject to algebraic simplification using rewrite rules. Some of the simplification steps are achieved by discovering a loop invariant associated with a loop in the control flow graph. Once simplified, a homomorphism is exhibited from the implementation algebra to the specification algebra, to complete the proof. >
Flow and function in machine‐preserved kidneys

One hundred machine-preserved cadaver kidneys were transplanted irrespective of their flow rates on the preservation machine. Twenty-five per cent had flows of below 100 ml/min and 11 per cent had flows of below 80 ml/min. There was no correlation between the flow rate and function at 1, 3 or 12 months. There was no difference in the flow rate between those kidneys which functioned immediately and those which never functioned. A fall in flow rate was associated with acute tubular necrosis of longer duration but eventual function was not impaired. There was a higher incidence of early aggressive rejection in kidneys which functioned immediately. Preservation failure per se is a rare cause of primary non-function. Adherence to a policy of ignoring the flow characteristics of machine-preserved kidneys could make up to 25 per cent more kidneys available for transplantation.
On the purpose of toroidal motion in a convecting mantle

The purpose of toroidal flow, i.e., strike-slip motion and plate spin, in the plate-tectonic style of mantle convection is enigmatic. It is a purely horizontal, dissipative flow field that makes no apparent contribution to the release of heat. However, when plate-like toroidal motion is allowed to arise as a phenomenon of non-Newtonian mantle dynamics, it in fact acts to reduce the net amount of viscous dissipation. We show that for a non-Newtonian flow driven by an existing poloidal field (a source-sink field), the generation of toroidal motion interacts with the nonlinear rheology to cause less viscous dissipation than if there were no toroidal motion. With power-law rheologies, the generation of toroidal motion causes up to a 25% reduction in viscous dissipation. With a self-lubricating rheology, which has been shown to induce the most plate-like behavior, toroidal motion causes as much as an 80% reduction in viscous dissipation. Thus, basic non-Newtonian fluid dynamical theory of the formation of plate tectonics shows that toroidal motion is far from superfluous but in fact facilitates the efficiency of convective flow at the surface.
THE IMPACT OF PROCESS-TECHNOLOGY FIT ON USAGE BEHAVIOR AND PROCESS PERFORMANCE

Assessing the interplay between information technologies, employees’ acceptance, organizational processes and operational tasks can be important in predicting the potential impact that a technology can have on the organization’s processes. The fit among these factors is crucial as organizations must have its employees’ acceptance of the technology and the technology must fit well with the underlying business tasks and processes before it will achieve intended benefits. This research will address the interplay between technologies, users, processes and tasks by proposing a process-technology fit model that will assess the fit among these factors. This research will further identify the impact that this fit has on the supported business processes.
Support of high elevation in the southern Basin and Range based on the composition and architecture of the crust in the Basin and Range and Colorado Plateau

Toexplorethenatureofhowthestructureandphysicalpropertiesofthecrustvaryfromextendedtorelativelyunextendeddomains we present teleseismic receiver functions which measure crustal thickness, shear wavespeed structure and the Vp/Vs ratio at 12 seismic stations in eastern Arizona. The crustal thickness is ∼28 km, increases slightly eastward, and remains nearly uniform beneath the varying elevations in the southern Basin and Range. The observed Vp/Vs ratio in the Basin and Range (∼1.78) exceeds the global average. The southern Colorado Plateau exhibits thicker crust (∼40 km) and a slightly greater observed Vp/Vs (∼1.81). A discrete region in the Colorado Plateau generates an unusually high Vp/Vs ratio (1.90) and contains low wavespeed zones which serve as evidence of partial melt related to Quaternary volcanism. The metamorphic core complexes in the southern Basin and Range likewise exhibit anomalously high Vp/Vs values (1.79–1.87) and lack locally compensating crustal roots. Density models show that ∼85 kg/ m 3 lighter crust or ∼35 kg/m 3 lighter mantle than that of the surrounding Basin and Range helps these metamorphic core complexes maintain their high elevation. Compositional modeling of intrusive bodies exposed throughout the Catalina–Rincon metamorphic core complex indicates that the observed high Vp/Vs ratio and modeled low density could result from substantial amounts of a plagioclase-rich, quartz-poor rock. These Vp/Vs data are evidence that significant compositional heterogeneity of the crust can occur over a short distance and provide a clue as to how these areas that underwent significant Tertiary extension may have been preconditioned for orogenic collapse.
Extending a relational database with deferred referential integrity checking and intelligent joins

Interactive use of relational database management systems (DBMS) requires a user to be knowledgeable about the semantics of the application represented in the database. In many cases, however, users are not trained in the application field and are not DBMS experts. Two categories of functionality are problematic for such users: (1) updating a database without violating integrity constraints imposed by the domain and (2) using join operations to retrieve data from more than one relation. We have been conducting research to help an uninformed or casual user interact with a relational DBMS.This paper describes two capabilities to aid an interactive database user who is neither an application specialist nor a DBMS expert. We have developed deferred Referential Integrity Checking (RIC) and Intelligent Join (IJ) which extend the operations of a relational DBMS. These facilities are made possible by explicit representation of database semantics combined with a relational schema. Deferred RIC is a static validation procedure that checks uniqueness of tuples, non-null keys, uniqueness of keys, and inclusion dependencies. IJ allows a user to identify only the “target” data which is to be retrieved without the need to additionally specify “join clauses”. In this paper we present the motivation for these facilities, describe the features of each, and present examples of their use.
ER stress drives Lipocalin 2 upregulation in prostate cancer cells in an NF-κB-dependent manner

Background Tumor cells adapt to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through a set of conserved intracellular pathways, as part of a process termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The expression of UPR genes/proteins correlates with increasing progression and poor clinical outcome of several tumor types, including prostate cancer. UPR signaling can activate NF-κB, a master regulator of transcription of pro-inflammatory, tumorigenic cytokines. Previous studies have shown that Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is upregulated in several epithelial cancers, including prostate cancer, and recently Lcn2 was implicated as a key mediator of breast cancer progression. Here, we hypothesize that the tumor cell UPR regulates Lcn2 production.
Facile Synthesis of 2‐Ethyl‐3‐Quinolinecarboxylic Acid Hydrochloride

2-Nitrobenzaldhyde Methyl propionylacetate Zinc(II) chloride Tin(II) chloride 2-Ethyl-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, methyl ester 2-Ethyl-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid 2-Ethyl-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride Keywords: quinoline skeleton; quinine; chloroquine; lewis acid; one-pot synthesis; anti-malarial drugs
High-resolution intravascular magnetic resonance quantification of atherosclerotic plaque at 3T

Background The thickness of fibrous caps (FCT) of atherosclerotic lesions is a critical factor affecting plaque vulnerability to rupture. This study tests whether 3 Tesla high-resolution intravascular cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) employing tiny loopless detectors can identify lesions and accurately measure FCT in human arterial specimens, and whether such an approach is feasible in vivo using animal models.
Implementation of 3D object recognition and tracking

In this paper, we discuss an object recognition and tracking system that utilizes the depth information from a low-cost depth sensor. Conventional object recognition methods that utilize RGB cameras are unable to accurately identify objects in the real world since they do not take into consideration the shape and three-dimensional characteristics of the object. Another major factor determining the accuracy of recognition is the lighting conditions and object pose at the time of recognition. We discuss an approach making use of the depth information and 3d properties of objects inorder to accurately identify them independent of lighting conditions.
Thermal Expansion of Phenolic Brake Pistons

The linear coefficient of thermal expansion of glass fiber reinforced phenolic materials for automotive brake pistons is influenced by the method of measurement, the size of the specimen, the orientation of the specimen in the test fixture, and by the thermal history of the part.
Rectangular Plates with Elastic Edge Supports

The present note is concerned with the flexure of rectangular plates whose edges are elastically supported. It presents two series solutions considered to have satisfactory convergence characteristics.
Towards Combining Online & Offline Management for Big Data Applications

Traditional data center monitoring systems focus on collecting basic metrics such as CPU and memory usage, in a centralized location, giving administrators a summary of global system health via a database of observations. Conversely, emerging research systems are focusing on scalable, distributed monitoring capable of quickly detecting and alerting administrators to anomalies. This paper outlines VStore, a system that seeks to combine fast online anomaly detection with offline storage and analysis of monitoring data. VStore can be used as a historical reference to help guide administrators towards quickly classifying and fixing anomalous behavior once a problem has been detected. We demonstrate this idea with a distributed big streaming data application, and explore three common fault scenarios in this application. We show that each scenario exhibits a slightly different monitoring history, which may be undetectable by online algorithms that are resource-constrained. We also offer a discussion of how historical data captured by VStore can be combined with online monitoring tools to improve troubleshooting efforts in the data center.
Biofeedback to Facilitate Unassisted Ventilation in Individuals with High-level Quadriplegia

The purpose of this case report is to discuss the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback in reeducating and strengthening the accessory breathing muscles in an individual with high-level (C1) complete quadriplegia. Six unassisted breathing sessions were performed with EMG biofeedback intervention. Six unassisted breathing sessions without EMG biofeedback intervention were also performed. In both conditions, the subject's vital capacity and the amount of time of unassisted ventilation were recorded. The study results indicated that EMG biofeedback may be a helpful modality in training accessory breathing muscles to enable an individual with high-level quadriplegia to become independent of mechanical ventilation for varying amounts of time.
Regional Techniques as an Adjunct to General Anesthesia for Pediatric Extremity and Spine Surgery

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the safety of regional anesthesia techniques performed for postoperative analgesia in anesthetized children. Pediatric regional anesthesia techniques, such as nerve blocks and neuraxial injections of either local anesthetics or narcotics, can potentially reduce postoperative pain for all children undergoing surgery. However, children may react differently to anesthesia than adults, and they usually cannot tolerate the administration of regional anesthesia unless they are under general anesthesia. During a 5-year period (1999-2004) at the Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, 2236 regional anesthetic procedures were performed in 1809 patients. All of the regional procedures were performed with patients under general anesthesia. Ninety-one percent (1641) of patients were for orthopaedic extremity or spine surgeries. Patients ranged from 2 months to 20 years old, with 65% (1169) between the ages of 6 months and 12 years. One thousand eleven procedures were lower extremity blocks, 646 were upper extremity blocks, and 579 were neuraxial injections. Four hundred fifty-four peripheral nerve blocks were performed in patients aged 3 years or younger. Two self-limiting complications possibly related to peripheral nerve blocks were noted. No complications were noted in patients who received neuraxial injections. This retrospective review indicates that regional anesthesia techniques performed 'under general anesthesia have a low rate of complications in children. A prospective trial is recommended to establish the efficacy and safety of this practice.
Meditation:: A Review of Literature Relevant to Therapist Behavior and Personality

Meditation is described herein as attention training. The effects of the attention training include enhancement of personality variables considered important for optimum therapuetic functioning of therapists. Methodological issues in meditation research are discussed. The effects of meditation/attention training on the behavior of the therapist in the therapeutic relationship receives special emphasis. Therapists may use an attention strategy both to prepare for and to relax after therapy. Perhaps most valuable are attention strategies which may be implemented in the present moment to enhance awareness within the therapeutic relationship.
Time is of the essence: personalized prediction of reproductive time span to optimize life goals.

CLINICAL SCENARIO Regina is a 38-year-old woman who has been trying to conceive for about a year. She married late in life and started trying to conceive shortly thereafter. She is in good health, with no medical problems, and has had fairly regular menstrual cycles; however, she notes that the length of her cycle has gotten shorter over the past 2 to 3 months and is now occurring every 25 days. She has used an over-the-counter "fertility" test that assesses ovarian reserve by urinary follicle-stimulating hormone levels, which indicated that she has low fertility. She decided to seek medical help.
Survey of Enterobacter sakazakii pollution in infant food in Guangdong province

Objective To investigate the contamination levels of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant foods in Guangdong province.Methods From 2010 to 2013,according to population distribution,characteristics of food production,economic development and regional distribution features of Guangdong province,infant food samples were collected from supermarkets,department stores,convenience stores,farmer's market,school-surrounding stores and on-line stores in 15 cities of Guangdong province by random sampling,and Enterobacter sakazakii was detected in these samples in line with national standard GB4789. 40-2010. Results A total of 1 140 infant food samples were collected from 2010 to 2013,and the prevalence of Enterobacter sakazakii was 3. 2%(36/1 140). While the prevalence of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula,older infants and young children formula,cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children were 0. 4%(1/226),0. 4%(1/268),5. 3%(34/646),respectively. Enterobacter sakazakii were detected in 2010,2012 and 2013,with the similar quarter detection rates. The highest prevalence of Enterobacter sakazakii was found in farm's market,while the lowest prevalence was found in supermarkets.The positive rate of Enterobacter sakazakii was higher in indigenous food products than that in those adventive ones. Conclusion The contamination level of Enterobacter sakazakii was relatively low in infant foods of Guangdong province. More attention should be paid to the cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children.
Analysis of the Image Information Entropy Recurrence Characteristics of a Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Pattern

By using a high speed video camera,acquired were the flow images of various flow patterns of two kinds of tube bundle in 10 rows and 4 columns with a pitch of 1.3 and 1.8 respectively.In the light of the typical flow images in three types,namely bubble-shaped flow,intermittent flow and mist flow,the information entropy sequence of the various flow pattern images was extracted and the dynamic characteristics of various flow patterns of the gas-liquid two-phase flow and the entropy sequence of the transit flow patterns were studied by using the recurrence analytic method.The research results show that the recurrence structures of the entropy sequences of different flow pattern images are different.The recurrence chart of the information entropy sequence of the bubble-shaped flow images is of a dot-shaped structure,that of the intermittent flow images is of a dot-block-shaped structure while that of the mist flow is of a clearest diagonal structure.The recurrence structures of the entropy sequences of transit flow pattern images can clearly show the evolvement of the transition process of the flow patterns.The recurrence structure chart of information entropy sequence can reflect relatively well the evolvement mechanism of the flow patterns and the recurrence characteristic variable is susceptible to the change of converted flow speed,thus providing a relatively effective method for studying the mechanism governing the flow patterns of gas-liquid two-phase flow.
Novel Technique for Femoral Head Reconstruction using Allograft following Obturator Hip Dislocation.

INTRODUCTION Obturator hip dislocations with an associated osteochondral fracture of the femoral head are uncommon. The treatment of these injuries is challenging and the functional outcomes are poor. Though the injury pattern has been described previously in literature, there are few published reports regarding treatment options. This case report illustrates a novel technique for fixation and stabilization for an unusual injury involving an obturator hip dislocation and an osteochondral impaction fracture of the femoral head. CASE PRESENTATION A 30-years old African American male, involved in a motor vehicle collision, sustained an obturator dislocation of the left hip with a large posterior osteochondral fracture of the femoral head. An emergency closed reduction procedure was performed followed by a computed tomography (CT) scan of the hip joint which demonstrated a large osteochondral defect (25 x 10 mm, depth: 5 mm) of the femoral head, visualized within the weight-bearing area. Surgical intervention was planned as a fracture of the femoral head with a defect deeper than four millimeters has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic arthritis, often with onset of symptoms within 5 years of the date of injury. Following surgical hip dislocation, the defect of the femoral head was reconstructed with implantation of a femoral head allograft and internal fixation. At the six months follow-up, the patient could ambulate with minimal pain and without assistive devices. Radiographs demonstrated maintenance of articular congruity with no evidence of implant failure, post-traumatic arthritis or avascular necrosis. CONCLUSION Surgical hip dislocation and reconstruction using femoral head allograft used to treat obturator hip dislocations with concomitant femoral head impaction fractures can lead to satisfactory short term functional outcomes.
Reproductive success in the Caribbean octocoral Briareum asbestinum

For most sessile marine invertebrates the number of offspring produced by an individual is often determined indirectly from counts of eggs present, with the assumption that all or most become viable offspring. Few field data on the actual number of offspring produced per individual (reproductive success) have been reported. We examined reproductive success in the octocoral, Briareum asbestinum (Pallas), by measuring embryo densities on 40 female colonies on two reefs (Pinnacles and House reefs) in the San Blas Islands, Panama from 1986 to 1988. The percentage of female colonies with mature eggs which subsequently released embryos was low, ranging from 46.6% in 1986 to 5.0% in 1988. Reproductive success was significantly different between reefs. Pinnacles reef had significantly more successful colonies (those releasing embryos) than House reef in all three years and significantly higher embryo densities in 1986 and 1987. There was a significant positive correlation between female reproductive success and the density and proximity of nearby males in both 1986 and 1987. In addition, fertile female branches placed 25 cm away from male branches produced significantly more embryos than female branches placed 50 cm away. In 1988 two groups of female branches were placed at distances of <50 cm and 5 m from four large male colonies at Pinnacles reef. Of the 20 female branches placed 5 m from the males none released embryos while 35% (7 of 20 branches) of the branches <50cm from males released embryos. These data indicate that simple counts of mature eggs present within female colonics prior to the reproductive season provide a poor estimate of reproductive success in B. ashestinum and that female reproductive success is positively influenced by the close proximity of males.
Evaluation of Electronic Coupling in Solids from Ab Initio Periodic Boundary Condition Calculations: The Case of Pentacene Crystal and Bilayer Graphene

Understanding the modulation of the electronic coupling in molecular crystals and two-dimensional materials is crucial from a fundamental point of view as well as for the development of organic electronics. In this work, we present a first-principles quantum-mechanical method for the calculation of the electronic coupling (or transfer integrals) between fragments or layers, using density functional theory with periodic boundary conditions (DFT-PBC) within the Γ-point approximation. This method is applied to two periodic systems: crystalline pentacene and a bilayer graphene film. For the former system, we find that the inclusion of the solid environment affects the interfragment electronic couplings, with changes of the order of 10%. However, we confirm the qualitative trends obtained with the “isolated molecular dimer” model. For the graphene film, we show how the interlayer coupling changes with the relative position of two π-stacked layers. Interestingly, we find that particle–particle coupling is large...
New Literacies and Technology: Keeping Current in a Writing Methods Course

Understandings of reading and writing in digital environments have been referred to as new literacies. Digital technologies, as they pertain to writing, do not just support writing, but change what we write, the ways we write, and who we are writing to. These changes, and what they mean for effective P-12 teaching and learning, have important implications for literacy teacher educators and teacher education programs. With these issues in mind, we embarked on a collaborative self-study focused on examining what we were doing about technology in our K-8 writing methods courses. We were curious about how this had changed over the last 9 years. Findings from this inquiry revealed that some changes evolved over time, while others blossomed quickly. Changes clustered around two categories – written products and writing processes--and how these affected our knowledge and teaching practices. Additionally, our vulnerabilities as writing teacher educators in the face of rapidly changing technology came through in this inquiry. Implications for teacher educators are discussed.
Characterizing Membrane-Bound Forms of Coagulation Factors at Atomic Resolution: Exploring Differences In Membrane Affinity.

Abstract 1139 Membrane binding constitutes a key step in the activation of coagulation factors. This process largely hinges on specialized “floating” domains, most prominently the GLA and the C1/C2 domains found in almost all coagulation proteins. Currently, the details of how these domains interact with the membrane are largely unknown, due primarily to the lack of atomic models describing the proteins' membrane-bound forms. In sharp contrast to integral membrane proteins, studying insertion of membrane floating proteins has proven extremely challenging, mainly due to the unknown depth of membrane penetration. Although several computational studies have attempted to study the process using conventional models of the membrane, these methods are often prohibitively costly and inefficient due, in part, to the slow diffusion of the lipid molecules, which is required to accommodate the insertion of the floating domain. Here, we present a study on the membrane-bound forms of several important hemostasis factors, namely, human factor IX (hfIX), human factor × (hfX), human protein C (hPrC), human protein S (hPrS), and human protein Z (hPrZ), which utilize the GLA domain for membrane binding, as well as human factor V (hfV) and human factor VIII (hfVIII) in which the C1/C2 domain plays this role. To make the binding event accessible to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have developed a novel membrane mimetic system, composed of a highly mobile hydrophobic core and explicit head groups that allow one to study specific interactions between the floating domains and lipid molecules. These interactions determine not only the specificity of binding to certain biological membranes, but also the molecular basis of the variable binding affinity of coagulation factors. These two factors are of utmost importance in physiology of blood coagulation, in designing mutations of altered affinity, and in developing novel pharmacological agents for thrombotic disorders. The floating domains were placed in the membrane-mimetic system and simulated under physiological conditions. Given the efficiency of the method, we have been able to capture spontaneous binding of these coagulation factors to the membrane ([Figure 1][1]) multiple times, despite starting from various initial orientations ensuring that each coagulation factor converged to the same final, membrane-bound structure over multiple trials. From these simulations, we have been able to elucidate the residues important for association with the membrane, as well as several unique phosphatidylserine (PS) specific binding sites in hfIX, hfX, hPrC, hPrS, and hPrZ. Using the membrane-bound structures of these coagulation factors together with free energy calculations, we have been able to elucidate important differences between the binding of high-affinity and low-affinity coagulation factors to the membrane. ![Figure][2] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes
Mathematical model of chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas, leading to its fibrotic destruction. There are currently no drugs that can stop or slow the progression of the disease. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial, whereas recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis are thought to precede the development of CP. A better understanding of the pathology of CP is needed to facilitate improved diagnosis and treatment strategies for this disease. The present paper develops a mathematical model of CP based on a dynamic network that includes macrophages, pancreatic stellate cells, and prominent cytokines that are present at high levels in the CP microenvironment. The model is represented by a system of partial differential equations. The model is used to explore in silico potential drugs that could slow the progression of the disease, for example infliximab (anti-TNF-[Formula: see text]) and tocilizumab or siltuximab (anti-IL-6/IL-6R).
Toward Battery-free Smart Cameras

Conventional wireless camera systems and the computations running on them for machine vision applications are demanding power-wise. The battery life of wearable camera systems (such as Google Glass) is under an hour when operating with full capacity. Similarly, due to power requirements, surveillance cameras need to be plugged in, which decreases their reliability because cutting the wire would totally disable the camera. In addition, it limits their deployment to places that have access to power wires. My recent work (WISPCam) enabled battery-free image capture by harvesting energy from Radio Frequency signals, but there is a long wait time between receiving consecutive images due to the large power consumption of the camera. The proposed work would extend from my current projects to explore reasons causing cameras to consume significant amount of power and presents ways to eliminate them. In addition, this proposal presents some novel techniques to reduce wearable camera systems' power consumption by exploring low-power hardware architectures and algorithms.
Stimulus Control of the Pigeon’s Ability to Peck a Moving Target II: Compound Stimuli and Intermittent Reinforcement

In Experiment 1, three pigeons were trained to peck whichever of eight keys displayed a white “x” on a red background (SD). The other seven keys displayed a white circle on a green background (SΔ). Each peck to SΔ produced a 3-sec access to grain, a 3-sec intertriai interval (ITI), and the next trial. Pecks to SA produced a 5-sec timeout (TO) and the same trial. During later sessions, the key displaying SD changed every t seconds (t = 3, 2, 1,.5,.25, and.025 sec), requiring the birds to track the position of the SD. Pecks on a ninth key increased t. In Experiment 2, the color and form elements of SD were presented separately and moved every t seconds towards merging on one key. The birds had to regulate the speed of movement then peck only keys with the compound SD present in order to produce reinforcers. Experiment 3 allowed the birds to eliminate S A stimuli by pecking the ninth key during each trial. Experiment 4 employed novel stimuli, to ascertain the controlling stimulus dimensions. The birds made few errors acquiring the original discrimination. Each bird reliably lengthened and shortened t, waited for the red and “x” to merge on one key, and eliminated SΔ stimuli. Data from sessions with novel stimuli indicate that color, form, and movement contributed to the final performance.
Control and implementation of back to back grid converters utilizing IEEE 519

This work presents a back to back converter topology with the ability to connect two power systems of different voltages and frequencies for the exchange of power. By utilizing indirect AC to AC conversion decoupling is achieved between the power systems with one of three phase, two level voltage source converters performing the AC to DC conversion that maintains the required DC bus voltage level at unity power factor while the other converter operates in all four quadrants supplying and or consuming active and or reactive power with the other power system. The prototype implementation resides at University of Wisconsin Milwaukee's USR building microgrid test bed facility with an emphasis in the design to approach the requirements for harmonic control as recommended by IEEE 519 without power filtering AC capacitors.
Processing the Outcomes of Characters’ Actions: The Impacts of Character Goals and Situational Context

This study was conducted to investigate two factors that affect the processing of the outcomes of intentional actions. Participants read three-sentence stories that varied the presence of an explic...
FACILITATION AND TRANSFER WITH NARRATIVE THEMATIC VERSIONS OF THE THOG TASK

This article reports two experiments investigating the use of narrative form in the presentation of thematic versions of Wason's (1977) THOG problem. Experiment 1 demonstrated that narrative thematic versions that use actions of characters to present the elements of the problem are easier to solve than the classic version. This result was found both for a problem that used thematic examples and for a problem that used the same geometric figures as the classic THOG. Results also suggested that the presence of a character who creates the comparison properties to be used in applying the disjunction rule was useful in separating those properties from the properties of the positive example. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the solution of a narrative thematic version of the THOG could lead to improved performance on the classic abstract THOG, but only when the examples in the narrative version were the geometric figures. Issues of transfer with the THOG problem are discussed.
Gamma-Globin Gene Promoter Elements Required for Interaction With Globin Enhancers

Normal expression of the human beta-globin domain genes is dependent on at least three types of regulatory elements located within the beta-globin domain: the locus control region (LCR), globin enhancer elements (3'beta and 3'Agamma), and the individual globin gene promoter and upstream regions. It has been postulated that regulation occurs through physical interactions between factors bound to these elements, which are located at considerable distances from each other. To identify the elements required for promoter-enhancer interactions from a distance, we have investigated the expression of the wild-type, truncated, and mutated gamma-globin promoters linked to the 5'HS2 enhancer. We show that in K562 cells, 5'HS2 increases activity approximately 20-fold from both a wild-type and truncated (-135 --> +25) gamma promoter and that truncation or site-directed mutagenesis of the tandem CCAAT boxes eliminated the enhancement by 5'HS2. Mutation of the gamma-globin gene promoter GATA-1 binding sites did not decrease either promoter strength or enhancement of activity by 5'HS2. To determine if enhanced expression of gamma-globin gene promoters carrying mutations associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) was due to greater interactions with enhancers, we linked these HPFH gamma-globin gene promoters to 5'HS2 and demonstrated a twofold to threefold higher expression than the corresponding wild-type promoter plus enhancer in MEL cells. Addition of the Agamma-globin gene 3' enhancer to a plasmid containing the gamma-globin gene promoter and 5'HS2 did not further enhance promoter strength. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the previously identified core 5'HS2 enhancer (46-bp tandem AP-1/NF-E2 sites) increased expression only when located 5', but not 3', to the gamma-globin-luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that its enhancer effect is not by DNA looping. Our results suggest that CCAAT boxes, but not GATA or CACCC binding sites, are required for interaction between the gamma-globin promoter and the LCR/5'HS2 and that regulatory elements in addition to the core enhancer may be required for the enhancer to act from a distance.
Risks worth taking: advisors’ views on risks that college students should take more often

Willingness to face uncertainty and step out of one’s comfort zone may be important, even necessary, for personal growth and success during the transition through college and into adulthood. This s...
Entanglement entropy of Bell-network states in loop quantum gravity: Analytical and numerical results

Bell-network states are loop-quantum-gravity states that glue quantum polyhedra with entanglement. We present an algorithm and a code that evaluates the reduced density matrix of a Bell-network state and computes its entanglement entropy. In particular, we use our code for simple graphs to study properties of Bell-network states and to show that they are nontypical in the Hilbert space. Moreover, we investigate analytically Bell-network states on arbitrary finite graphs. We develop methods to compute the R\'enyi entropy of order p for a restriction of the state to an arbitrary region. In the uniform large-spin regime, we determine bounds on the entanglement entropy and show that it obeys an area law. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for correlations of geometric observables.
Primary rotary-wing DVE-associated flight safety risk factors (Conference Presentation)

During Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF), there were 375 non-combat rotorcraft losses from October 2001 to September 2009. Human factors issues accounted for 78% of these non-combat losses, with controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) and night/degraded visual environment (DVE) as the leading human factor loss causes. This high percentage is reflective of the low survivability rate of DVE/night-based mishaps. Normal human visual sensitivity has been shown to be highly variable under low luminance, low contrast conditions (Lattimore, 2017). Furthermore, Thibos et al. (2002) demonstrated significant structural aberration, with accompanying decreased image quality in a normal population of dilated healthy eyes. Additionally, Watson (2015) computed widely varied human optical point spread functions in normal, dilated eyes. Finally, Bartholomew et al. (2016) assessed visual sensitivity under varied luminance in 234 healthy collegians; only 4.1% of the photopic 20/20 acuity responders were predictive of mesopic acuity responsiveness. Based on these data, nearly all aviators may be at increased risk for poor DVE-related visual and flight performance. Therefore, the greatest risk factor that Army aviators are facing when confronted with DVE conditions is perhaps the visual performance status of their own eyes. Contrast sensitivity testing under mesopic naturally-dilated, night conditions using any of the contrast sensitivity tests available, could be used to determine one’s native or base-line capability under DVE conditions. The systematic compilation of such data could prompt the military services to re-evaluate their vision performance standards, and restructure awareness training.
Perpendicularly Magnetized Thin-Film Antidot Arrays for Superparamagnetic Microbead Actuation

We report the directed transport of superparamagnetic microbeads (SPBs) on antidot arrays patterned from multilayered Co/Pt films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). The dynamics of water-suspended SPBs driven across the substrate surface by elliptical rotating magnetic fields is studied experimentally and modeled analytically. Bead motion on PMA substrates is shown to be significantly faster than on similarly patterned films based on in-plane magnetized materials. Furthermore, we show different SPB trajectories on different lattice geometries, suggesting that the magnetic potential distribution plays a crucial role in determining the dynamics. Our findings provide new insights into the enhanced transport of SPBs using PMA thin films as stray field sources that enable dynamic magnetic potential landscapes.
Books: A Landmark Addition to Gatekeeper Literature

(1977). Books: A Landmark Addition to Gatekeeper Literature. Journalism History: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 30-32.
Thiazide-Associated Hyponatremia: Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology

Hyponatremia can complicate thiazide use in a minority of susceptible individuals and can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. Risk factors for thiazide-associated hyponatremia include age, female sex, and possibly low body mass. A genetic susceptibility has recently been uncovered. Although frequently developing early after thiazide treatment initiation, many cases of hyponatremia present after months or years of use. Many cases are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, but seizures and/or coma may develop, especially in those with acute onset. The pathophysiology is incompletely understood and includes some combination of excessive fluid intake, cation (sodium and potassium) depletion, osmotic inactivation of sodium, and reduced ability to excrete free water. Reduced distal delivery of filtrate, reduced solute load (urea), direct inhibition of the sodium-chloride cotransporter, and increased collecting duct permeability to water mediated by some combination of antidiuretic hormone, prostaglandins, and thiazides themselves may contribute to this diluting defect. The predominant pathophysiologic mechanism(s) varies from patient to patient. The cornerstone of therapy is cessation of thiazide use, cation repletion, and oral fluid restriction. If severely symptomatic, 3% saline solution may be indicated. Overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia must be avoided in all cases.
Endometrial expression of various genes (ISGs, PPARs, RXRs and MUC1) on day 16 post-ovulation in repeat breeder cows, with or without subclinical endometritis

Our objective was to elucidate differences in endometrial mRNA expressions of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, CTSL1, RSAD2, SLC2A1, CXCL10, and SLC27A6), peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG), retinoic acid receptors (RXRA, RXRB, and RXRG), and mucin 1 (MUC1) in repeat breeder cows, with or without subclinical endometritis (RB + SE and RB, respectively) and normal cows on day 16 post-ovulation (n = 4 cows per group). The CXCL10 and SLC27A6 mRNA abundances were greater for normal cows compared to RB and RB + SE cows (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) whereas ISG15 and SLC2A1 mRNA abundances were greater for normal cows compared to RB + SE (P < 0.05). The SLC27A6 mRNA abundances were greater for RB versus RB + SE (P < 0.01). Similarly, PPARD, PPARG, RXRA and RXRG mRNA abundances were greater for normal cows compared to RB and RB + SE (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Abundances of PPARD, PPARG, RXRA and RXRG mRNA were greater for RB versus RB + SE (P < 0.05) and MUC1 was lower in abundance in normal cows compared to RB or RB + SE (P < 0.05). Key predicted molecular functions were binding, signal transducer and transporter; key biological processes were cellular, localization and metabolic; key cellular components were cell part, membrane and organelle components; and key protein classes were nucleic acid binding, receptor, and transcription factors. Gene networking analysis highlighted interactions and pathways involving PAPRs, RXRs, and MUC1, notably among PPARD, PPARG, and MUC1. In conclusion, endometrial mRNA expressions of ISGs (CXCL10 and SLC27A6), PPAR isomers (PPARD and PPARG), and RXRs (RXRA and RXRG) were in lower abundances, whereas MUC1 expression was more abundant in RB or RB + SE compared to normal cows on day 16. In addition, ISG15 and SLC2A1 genes were less abundant in RB + SE versus RB or normal cows. Altered expression of these uterine genes and associated potential impairment in embryo elongation and implantation may promote embryonic loss in repeat breeder cows. Furthermore, interactions among PPARD, PPARG and MUC1 may be therapeutically exploitable.
Adolescent Physical Activity Disparities by Parent Nativity Status: the Role of Social Support, Family Structure, and Economic Hardship

In this cross-sectional study, we examine disparities in physical activity (PA) rates, a determinant of obesity risk, by exploring the impact of household economic hardship, social support, and family structure on adolescent physical activity levels. We assess whether these factors have a different impact on PA stratified by parental nativity status (Hispanic adolescents of foreign- and native-born caregivers compared with whites). The sample included 1927 white and Hispanic 15-year-olds of foreign-born (outside of USA) and native US-born caregivers from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We assessed whether economic hardship, family/friend encouragement for PA, married/cohabiting caregivers, and having a resident grandparent was associated with frequency of PA in the past week, while controlling for age, education, and child’s sex. We examined the interaction effects of parent nativity on economic hardship and family support. Results indicate disproportionately higher PA levels for white adolescents compared with Hispanic adolescents of foreign-born caregivers (B = −0.41, SE = 0.19, p = 0.03), for adolescents with more family/friend encouragement (B = 0.81, SE = 0.10, p < 0.001), and for adolescents in cohabiting households (B = 0.28, SE = 0.14, p = 0.04); support and hardship factors did not vary by nativity status. Researchers and practitioners should address differences among ethnic/generational subgroups and family/friend supports that may improve adolescent PA levels, particularly among Hispanic adolescent subgroups. Physical activity levels continue to be dismal especially for racial/ethnic minority groups, which puts them at further risk of consequences of physical inactivity, including life-long complications associated with being an obese adolescent.