cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronological gene expression of ADAMs during testicular development : prespermatogonia (gonocytes) express fertilin β (ADAM2)

Immediately after birth, primordial germinal cell-derived prespermatogonia (PSG), located in the center of the testicular cords, migrate between adjacent Sertoli cells to establish contact with the cord basal lamina. PSG migration suggests continued assembly and disassembly of cell-cell contacts by a molecular mechanism that may involve integrins and their ligands, the disintegrin domain of spermatogenic cell-specific plasma membrane proteins called ADAMs. We have analyzed the temporal gene expression of selected ADAMs in intact fetal, early postnatal, and pubertal rat testis and Sertoli-spermatogenic cell cocultures by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry. We report that several ADAM transcripts are expressed in fetal, neonatal, and prepubertal testes. Cyritestin (ADAM3), ADAM5, ADAM6, and ADAM15 are expressed in day 17 fetal testes. In contrast, no expression of fertilin alpha (ADAM1) and fertilin beta (ADAM 2) was detected in fetal testes. Fertilin beta gene expression starts after postnatal day 2, subsequent to the expression of fertilin alpha, which occurs on postnatal day 1. After postnatal day 2, all the indicated ADAMs, including the fertilin alpha and fertilin beta, continue to be expressed. Transcripts of spermatogenic cell-specific fertilin alpha, fertilin beta, ADAM3, and ADAM5 were detected during the coculture of PSG with Sertoli cells for up to 72 hr after plating. The presence of fertilin beta mRNA and protein in cocultured PSG was visualized by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, respectively. These observations indicate that PSG in coculture with Sertoli cells provide a suitable approach for analyzing cell-cell adhesive responses involving spermatogenic cell-specific ADAMs.
Consistent iterative convolution: a coupled approach to tomographic reconstruction

Iterative convolution, a technique for limited-data tomographic reconstruction, is based on constrained iteration between a source function’s estimated image and its Radon transform. For certain source functions, the estimated image diverges from the source function. This divergence is shown to result from the algorithm’s failure to enforce consistency between the estimated image and its measured Radon transform. To correct for this, consistency can be enforced by using a routine based on the direct-inversion formula and on decomposing the image into components generated from its measured and missing Radon-transform integrals. This routine was used to develop a new iterative scheme that converges absolutely for three test objects for which simple iterative convolution diverges.
Effect of age on EAG response and attraction of female Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) to ammonia and carbon dioxide

Current ammonia-based lures vary considerably in their ability to attract Anastrepha fruit flies in the field. This report presents results from electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral bioassays that examined the effect of age on fly response to ammonia and carbon dioxide, two volatile chemicals released from commercial ammonium bicarbonate lures. EAG measurements from female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), showed that ammonia generated a greater EAG response in sexually immature females compared with mature females. Conversely, carbon dioxide elicited stronger EAG responses in sexually mature females. In flight tunnel bioassays, females from both age groups were captured in response to ammonia ranging from 60 to 3840 μg/h, but captures declined with increasing ammonia concentration. In bioassays with the two highest ammonia release rates, captures of immature females were significantly lower than captures of mature females. Carbon dioxide, ranging from 300 to 7200 μg/h, did not capture any flies when presented alone in the flight tunnel bioassay. However, for sexually mature flies, carbon dioxide in combination with ammonia was more attractive than ammonia alone. These age-related differences in response to ammonia and carbon dioxide may account for some of the variability observed in field tests with ammonium bicarbonate lures.
Rape and Sexual Assault

We had to be off the streets and in our homes before it got dark… that was the law. If you weren’t and the security police caught you, something terrible could happen. One day you would be here, the next day you could be disappeared. Since the sun was just beginning to set, I thought I was in no danger. I went to the neighborhood store to buy a few vegetables for dinner. I was in there no more than 3 minutes. Since it was still light, I didn’t think I was in any danger. Shortly after I left, I heard the footsteps. I didn’t turn around because I didn’t want to give the impression that I was afraid. The faster I walked, the closer the footsteps seemed. I was almost home when two men in civilian clothes stepped in front of me and said I had to go with them. I told them that my mother and father were waiting for me, that I hadn’t done anything wrong. The next thing I remember I was at the police station. I could hear screams and loud thumps… the thumps sounded like a heavy blanket being beaten by a stick. “Would this happen to me?” I wondered. Then they took me into a small room and ordered me to remove my clothes. “Please,” I pleaded with them, “I haven’t done anything wrong.” My pleas went unheard, and I was ordered again to remove my clothes… but I didn’t. Then one of the men started to tear at my clothes—he was the first one who raped me. I don’t remember how many of them raped me; there were so many. In the morning, they told me I could go home, and they laughed. My clothes were torn and stained with blood. When I got home, my mother wept, but my father beat me. He said it was my fault; it was my fault that I was out at night.
Extrusion of Polymer Melts and Melt Flow Instabilities. I. Experimental Study of Capillary Flow and Extrudate Distortion

Abstract The extrusion of molten plastics, elastomers and fibers represent an important industrial operation. The rate of extrusion of melts through dies is limited by the onset of a flow instability. This phenomenon consists of a change in flow from uniform to irregular that results in the production of rough and distorted extradates drastically different from the smooth cylinders obtained at lower rates. Extrusion melt flow instability is observed in the entire spectrum of polymer melts ranging from silicone gums through nylon and polyolefin plastics to raw elastomers. Since the first descriptions of this phenomena in the 1940's considerable research effort has been expended in this area with limited agreement. It is the purpose of part I to: (1) present new experimental data on capillary flow of polymer melts and extrudate distortion, and (2) to review critically the literature on extrudate distortion.
Durkheim, social capital, and suicide rates across US counties

ABSTRACTSuicide is a very contemporary issue in the USA. Despite the social characteristics related with suicide, the discipline of sociology has remained relatively silent on the issue. This paper builds upon Durkheim's approach by using social capital theory as a framework to examine suicide rates across 2688 US counties. Using ordinary least-squared regression modelling, we found that counties with higher rates of social capital, diversity, and population density experienced lower suicide rates. Counties that had higher levels of divorce, unemployment, poverty, education, and median age experienced higher suicide rates.
A neuroimmune interaction in painful peripheral neuropathy.

BACKGROUND: In almost every neuropathic pain state caused by peripheral nerve damage, whether due to trauma or disease, both structural damage and an inflammatory response exist. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the contribution, separate from the effects of the structural lesion, of the inflammatory response to neuropathic pain. METHODS: Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first, an experimental inflammation of the nerve (a neuritis) and an experimental inflammation of the muscle (a myositis control group) were produced in two groups of rats. The pain responses to stimuli applied to the sciatic nerve territory on the plantar hind paw were evaluated through tests of (1) heat hyperalgesia; (2) mechanical allodynia; (3) mechanical hyperalgesia; and (4) cold allodynia. In the second set of experiments, thalidomide or cyclosporin-A was used to block the production of immune modulators in the neuritis model and in a chronic constriction injury model (which involves structural damage and an inflammatory response in the sciatic nerve) to determine the contribution of the immune response to the pain observed in the first set of experiments. RESULTS: In experiment 1, rats with the neuritis but not those with the myositis developed neuropathic pain symptoms. In experiment 2, thalidomide produced a partial but significant reduction in pain in the chronic constriction injury model across all four tests, but there was no effect in the neuritis model in any of the tests. Cyclosporin-A resulted in a dose-related reduction in pain in both models across all four tests. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest the possibility of an important interaction between the immune system and the nervous system in neuropathic pain and suggest that drugs modulating the immune system may be useful therapies in at least some neuropathic pain states.
National Health Spending in 2014 — Acceleration Delayed

Health economists anticipated a jump in health spending in 2014 due to expanded insurance coverage and recovery from the recession, but the growth rate has instead remained flat. What factors contributed to slower-than-expected growth, and what can we expect now?
Guideline of Clinical Research of New Drugs of Traditional Uygur Medicine for Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris (Draft)

The multi-central clinical records retrospective survey for psoriasis vulgaris was carried out by collecting related information such as demographic, diagnostics, therapeutics, efficacy evaluation, nursing data, and so on. The Uygur medical differentiation classification standard about psoriasis vulgaris was established and it was divided into four types:abnormal Khan Hilit type, abnormal Sapra Hilit type, abnormal saltness Balgham Hilit type, and abnormal Sawda Hilit type, according to main symptom and secondary symptom feature. The disease efficacy evaluation standard was established based on score of surface area and severity of skin injury combining with the changes of main symptom and secondary symptoms. On the basis, guidelines for clinical research of new drugs of Uygur medicine used in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris were formulated in accordance with the technical requirements and procedure of national center for drug evaluation.
Ontogeny of cortical collecting duct sodium transport

The postnatal maturation of Na transport in the rabbit cortical collecting duct (CCD) was investigated. CCD segments from rabbits of three different age groups (3-9 days, 10-15 days, and 22-27 days) were perfused in vitro. Lumen-to-bath 22Na fluxes were 38.5 +/- 4.7, 17.0 +/- 2.9, and 30.2 +/- 4.0 pmol.mm-1.min-1 in the three groups, respectively. The high flux in the youngest group was explained by a high passive flux (28.3 +/- 4.2 pmol.mm-1.min-1) determined in the presence of ouabain; the passive 22Na flux in the two other groups (7.1 +/- 2.6 and 3.1 +/- 2.4 pmol.mm-1.min-1) was not significantly different from previously reported adult values. Ouabain-sensitive 22Na flux, reflecting active transport, was low in the two younger groups (10.3 +/- 2.5 and 9.9 +/- 1.9 pmol.mm-1.min-1), but exhibited a rapid increase to 27.1 +/- 2.6 pmol.mm-1.min-1 by 22-27 days of age. In vivo glucocorticoid pretreatment did not affect the Na transport in any age group. Mineralocorticoid pretreatment for 2 days had no effect in the two younger groups, but increased lumen-to-bath 22Na flux from 30.2 +/- 4.0 to 51.1 +/- 4.3 pmol.mm-1.min-1 in the 22- to 27-day-old group. The findings demonstrate that the maturation of rabbit CCD Na transport occurs in two stages, with the first consisting of a decrease in passive permeability during the first 2 wk of life, followed by an increase in active transport and simultaneous development of mineralocorticoid responsiveness.
The Surface Environment on Asteroids

The goal of many space missions to small bodies, such as the Hayabusa mission to Itokawa and the forthcoming OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid 1999 RQ36, are to take samples from the surface of the body. The prospect of designing a transfer to an asteroid surface and choosing where on the surface to sample begs several questions related to the flow of material across an asteroid surface, possible regions of stable resting points, and the surface forces and slopes that a landing spacecraft will encounter. The detailed design of surface encounters rests heavily on the capabilities and design of the proposed spacecraft. A series of interesting case studies for the Hayabusa spacecraft and its successful touchdowns on the asteroid Itokawa surface were summarized in [81, 201, 64, 84]. In the following we take a more dynamics and mechanics oriented approach and describe the surface environment due to gravitational and rotational effects, describe measures of surface stability, and discuss some simple characterizations of the ballistics of bodies from the surface of an asteroid. This chapter does not probe the interesting question of how surface rovers should be designed and operated in order to achieve specific goals (see [85]).
Frequency and reasons for extra sequences in clinical abdominal MRI examinations

The purpose of the study was to identify the frequency and reasons for extra sequences in clinical liver MRI and MRCP examinations. A total of 250 consecutive liver MRI and 250 consecutive MRCP examinations performed at a single institution were reviewed. Extra sequences performed in comparison with our standard institutional protocol were identified. Reasons for the extra sequences were identified. Overall trends were assessed. In significantly greater fractions of exams (p = 0.009–0.030), MRCP had ≥1 extra sequence (40.8% vs. 29.2%) and ≥2 extra sequences (16.0% vs. 5.6%) in comparison with the institutional protocol than did liver MRI. The average number of extra sequences was significantly higher (p = 0.004) for MRCP (0.73 ± 1.2) than liver MRI (0.44 ± 0.88). Reasons for extra sequences were as follows: sequence repeated for patient motion (33.8% for liver MRI; 31.9% for MRCP); sequence repeated for anatomic coverage (24.3% for liver MRI; 19.8% for MRCP); sequence added by the radiologist (15.3% for liver MRI; 33.0% for MRCP); sequence repeated for other reason (17.1% for liver MRI; 12.6% for MRCP); and sequence added by the technologist (5.4% for liver MRI; 2.7% for MRCP). The most commonly repeated sequence due to motion was the axial fat-saturated turbo spin-echo T2-weighted sequence for both liver MRI and MRCP (54.7% and 29.3% of sequences repeated due to motion, respectively). For liver MRI and MRCP exams, sequences were most often repeated due to motion artifact (most often occurring on TSE T2WI), and sequences were most often added by the radiologist. The findings may help guide sequence optimization, quality improvement initiatives, and standardization of operations, for improving efficiency in abdominal MRI workflow.
Phonomicrosurgery and Office-Based Laryngology

Due to the nature of our practices, the concept of collaboration and team work between anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists has been emphasized throughout this book, but because of the very nature of the “shared airway” during procedures such as bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, or esophagoscopy, the importance of communication between surgeon and anesthesiologist cannot be understated and in fact is critical for patient safety and best patient outcomes.
The Generalized Relative Pairs IBD Distribution:: Its Use in the Detection of Linkage

I introduce a novel approach to derive the distribution of disease affectional status given alleles identical by descent (IBD) sharing through ITO method. My approach tremendously simplifies the calculation of the affectional status distribution compared to the conventional method which requires the parental mating information, and could be applied to disease with both dichotomous trait and quantitative trait locus (QTL). This distribution is shown to be independent of relative relationship and be employed to develop the marker IBD distributions for relative relationship. In addition, Three linkage tests: the proportion, the mean test, and the LOD score test are proposed for different relative pairs based on their marker IBD distributions. Among all three tests, the mean test for sib pair requires the least sample size, thus, has the highest power. Finally, I evaluate the significance of different relative relationships by a Monte Carlo simulation approach.
Community Detection and Stochastic Block Models

The stochastic block model (SBM) is a random graph model with planted clusters. It is widely employed as a canonical model to study clustering and community detection, and provides generally a fertile ground to study the statistical and computational tradeoffs that arise in network and data sciences. This note surveys the recent developments that establish the fundamental limits for community detection in the SBM, both with respect to information-theoretic and computational thresholds, and for various recovery requirements such as exact, partial and weak recovery (a.k.a., detection). The main results discussed are the phase transitions for exact recovery at the Chernoff-Hellinger threshold, the phase transition for weak recovery at the Kesten-Stigum threshold, the optimal distortion-SNR tradeoff for partial recovery, the learning of the SBM parameters and the gap between information-theoretic and computational thresholds. The note also covers some of the algorithms developed in the quest of achieving the limits, in particular two-round algorithms via graph-splitting, semi-definite programming, linearized belief propagation, classical and nonbacktracking spectral methods. A few open problems are also discussed.
Random subgraphs of regular graphs

Let G denote a connected r-regular labelled graph. Denote by RG(p) any subgraph of G having the same point set as G and line set defined by selecting or rejecting each of the lines of G with independent probability p or q=1−p, respectively. Since RG(p) is the outcome of a random process, RG(p) is called a random subgraph of G and is studied with the appropriate probabilistic considerations.
Early Mortality After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) for Hematologic Malignancies Performed In the Recent Era

Abstract 902 Background: HCT is a curative option for patients with hematologic malignancies. However, the procedure carries a high risk of death in the immediate post-HCT period in part due to disease recurrence (relapse-related mortality [RM]), but also due to treatment-related mortality (TRM) resulting from the following: i) toxicity due to high intensity treatment; ii) graft vs. host disease (GvHD) and its management; and iii) infections. Previous studies utilizing data from HCTs performed in 1980s and 1990s indicate that the 1-yr cumulative incidence of TRM exceeds 20% for related donor and 30% for unrelated donor HCTs. However, gaps in knowledge remain related to the cause-specific cumulative incidence of TRM and RM after autologous and allogeneic HCT performed in the more recent eras. Methods: Between 2005 and 2008, a total of 1,673 consecutive patients received HCT at City of Hope at a median age of 50 years for AML (n=433), NHL (n=428), MM (n=369), ALL (n=176), and HL (n=154); 913 patients received autologous HCT; 382 allogeneic related donor; and 378 unrelated donor HCT. Reduced intensity conditioning was used for 268 patients. Early mortality was defined as death in the first year after HCT due to disease (RM) or treatment (TRM). Information regarding vital status and cause of death were obtained from medical records, supplemented with Social Security Death Index. Overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of TRM and RM were calculated for 30 d, 6 mo and 1 yr after HCT for i) the entire cohort, and by ii) diagnosis and iii) type of HCT. Multivariable models identified predictors of TRM and RM. Results: A total of 323 deaths (19.3% of the entire cohort) were observed within the first year after HCT; 55.5% attributed to TRM and 44.5% to RM. Among deaths due to TRM, 59% were attributed to infections, 12.9% to acute or chronic GvHD, and 9.5% to organ toxicity. Among autologous, related and unrelated donor HCT recipients, overall survival (OS) was 87.2%, 76.6% and 63.5% at 1 yr (p Conclusion: For patients with NHL and AML, cumulative incidence of RM does not differ by HCT type. Unrelated donor HCT continues to be associated with the highest risk of TRM. Infection is the most frequent cause of TRM, accounting for 62% of deaths due to TRM in unrelated donor, 52% in related donor, and 46% in autologous HCT recipients – reinforcing the need for aggressive measures for prevention and treatment of infections in this immune compromised population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Review of Tell Me Why My Children Died: Rabies, Indigenous Knowledge and Communicative Justice, by Charles Briggs & Clara Martini-Briggs

Tell Me Why My Children Died: Rabies, Indigenous Knowledge and Communicative Justice, by Charles Briggs & Clara Martini-Briggs. Duke University Press, 2016.
Analysis of Protein Interactions by Surface Plasmon Resonance

Surface plasmon resonance is an optical technique that is utilized for detecting molecular interactions, such as interactions that occur between proteins or other classes of molecules. Binding of a mobile molecule (analyte) to a molecule immobilized on a thin metal film (ligand) changes the refractive index of the film. The angle of extinction of light that is completely reflected after polarized light impinges upon the film, is altered and monitored as a change in detector position for a dip in reflected intensity (the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon). Because the method strictly detects mass, there is no need to label the interacting components, thus eliminating possible changes of their molecular properties. In this chapter, we review essential SPR methodology and present applications to basic science and human disease.
URSIES and the Bartol Coudé Observatory

A polar siderostat with a 36-inch flat Cervit mirror is mounted on top of the fifty foot tall building of the Bartol Research Foundation on the campus of Swarthmore College outside Philadelphia. The beam of parallel light is guided through a hole in the roof down along the optical axis of a 24-inch broken Cassegrain reflector, which is mounted stationarily on the third floor of the building. By the use of a plateglass window in the roof hole the circulation of warm air is eliminated and good to excellent solar and stellar image definition results.
A Method for Selective Depletion of Zn(II) Ions from Complex Biological Media and Evaluation of Cellular Consequences of Zn(II) Deficiency.

We describe the preparation, evaluation, and application of an S100A12 protein-conjugated solid support, hereafter the “A12-resin”, that can remove 99% of Zn(II) from complex biological solutions without significantly perturbing the concentrations of other metal ions. The A12-resin can be applied to selectively deplete Zn(II) from diverse tissue culture media and from other biological fluids, including human serum. To further demonstrate the utility of this approach, we investigated metabolic, transcriptomic, and metallomic responses of HEK293 cells cultured in medium depleted of Zn(II) using S100A12. The resulting data provide insight into how cells respond to acute Zn(II) deficiency. We expect that the A12-resin will facilitate interrogation of disrupted Zn(II) homeostasis in biological settings, uncovering novel roles for Zn(II) in biology.
Mass balance implies Holocene development of a low-relief karst patterned landscape

Abstract We constructed mass balances of both calcium and phosphorus for two watersheds in Big Cypress National Preserve in southwest Florida (USA) to evaluate the time scales over which its striking landscape pattern developed. This low-relief carbonate landscape is dotted with evenly spaced, evenly sized, shallow surface depressions that annually fill with surface water and thus support wetland ecosystems (e.g. cypress domes) embedded in a pine-dominated upland matrix with exposed bedrock. Local and landscape scale feedbacks between hydrology, ecological dynamics and limestone dissolution are hypothesized to explain this karst dissolution patterning. This hypothesis requires the region to be wet enough to initiate surface water storage, which constrains landscape formation to interglacial periods. The time scale therefore would be relatively recent if creation of the observed pattern occurred in the current interglacial period (i.e. Holocene), and older time scales could reflect inherited patterns from previous inter-glacial periods, or from other processes of abiotic karstification. We determined phosphorus stocks across four landscape compartments and estimated the limestone void space (i.e., wetland depression volume) across the landscape to represent cumulative calcium export. We calculated fluxes in (e.g., atmospheric deposition) and out (i.e., solute export) of the landscape to determine landscape denudation rates through mass balance. Comparing stocks and annual fluxes yielded independent estimates of landscape age from the calcium and phosphorus budgets. Our mass balance results indicate that the landscape began to develop in the early-mid Holocene (12,000–5000 ybp). Radiocarbon dating estimates implied similar rates of dissolution (~1 m per 3000–3500 years), and were in agreement with Holocene origin. This supports the hypothesis that ecohydrologic feedbacks between hydrology and vegetation occurring during the present interglacial period are sufficient to shape this landscape into the patterns we see today, and more broadly suggests the potential importance of biota in the development of macro-scale karst features.
The effects of mobile promotions on customer purchase dynamics

Abstract While mobile promotions have become increasingly popular in recent years, limited research has examined the effects of mobile promotions over time. This research investigates the effects of two popular types of promotional offers, price discount and non-price free sample coupons, on purchase behavior. To this end, we present a dynamic model of customer purchase behavior that incorporates time-varying effects of mobile coupons, enabling us to investigate both the short-term and longer-term effects of mobile promotions. Using transaction and mobile promotion data, we find that both price discount and free sample coupons increase customers' purchase likelihood and expenditures during the coupon redemption period. We also find that free sample coupons have an enduring effect that increases the purchase propensity beyond the promotion period, thereby contributing to incremental purchases over a longer period of time. We demonstrate how our approach can help marketers improve mobile couponing decisions by considering the dynamic effects of mobile promotions that manifest over time.
Lyapunov Exponents and Uniform Weak Normally Repelling Invariant Sets

Let M be a compact invariant set contained in a boundary hyperplane of the positive orthant of ℝ n for a discrete or continuous time dynamical system defined on the positive orthant. Using elementary arguments, we show that M is uniformly weakly repelling in directions normal to the boundary in which M resides provided all normal Lyapunov exponents are positive. This result is useful in establishing uniform persistence of the dynamics.
Motion Information in the Phase Domain

Analysis and fusion of information in video data usually require estimating the motion between two or more adjacent frames in the sequence. This process, which is commonly referred to as registration, has been widely studied in the literature for different applications such as remote sensing, robotics, and bio-medical imaging [5, 25]. Registration techniques typically assume that motion can be modeled using a given family of transformations such as rigid, affine, or Euclidean. Registration is performed by looking for a particular transformation within the family that optimizes some similarity or redundancy criterion, e.g. correlation coefficients or mutual entropy. Herein, we are interested in investigating the motion information contained in the phase domain. We are particularly motivated by applications that require registration at sub-pixel accuracy. Examples of such applications include super-resolution from multiple views [11, 12, 20, 30] or examination of same-patient MRI data in a clinical setting [6, 15]
The mitochondrial ATP synthase of Trypanosoma brucei: structure and regulation.

The structure and regulation of theTrypanosoma brucei mitochondrial ATP synthase is reviewed. This enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP within the mitochondrion is a multisubunit complex which is regulated in several ways. Several lines of evidence have shown that the ATP synthase is regulated through the life cycle ofTrypanosoma brucei. The enzyme complex is present at maximal levels in the procyclic form where mitochondrial activity is the highest and cytochromes and Kreb's cycle components are present. The levels of the ATP synthase are decreased in the bloodstream forms where the levels of the mitochondrial cytochromes are absent or substantially decreased. In recent preliminary work we have shown the presence of an ATP synthase inhibitor peptide which may indicate an additional level of complexity to the regulation.
On the attenuation of Modified Mercalli Intensity with distance in the United States

abstract A large number of Modified Mercalli Intensity isoseismal maps for earthquakes which have occurred in the United States have been analyzed to find the distribution of distances ( R ) between the epicenter and isoseismal contours. The data include most of the maps in the series “United States Earthquakes,” and a smaller number of maps from other sources. Where the data permit, best fitting parameters have been found in a Gaussian distribution function to fit the observed distributions of log 10 R for each combination of epicentral intensity and the intensity bounded by the contour; the data do not contradict this assumed Gaussian shape. The standard deviation of log 10 R is at best 0.2 for well-determined distributions; it is typically 0.3, implying that over an order of magnitude range of distances is present in the data.
Functional Anatomy of the Hip

First up, a discussion of the skeletal anatomy of the hip joint. Then, a description and examination of muscles acting on the joint. And, later, an evaluation of factors and forces, including gravity, influencing function at the hip, knee, and ankle during posture and locomotion.
Many-Body Physics with Spin States of Rydberg Atoms

Rydberg atoms with very high principal quantum numbers trapped in a optical trap are used to study the collective spin properties of ultracold atomic systems. The interaction Hamil-tonian of collective spin states of ultracold Rydberg atoms were explored in diatomic and tri-atomic chains. Quantum control methodology is presented to design many-body spin states using laser pulses and a magnetic field. A two-photon ladder type configuration is implemented, which is advantageous due to the combined action of the one-photon and two-photon detunings as control parameters. Many-body spin states are designed consisting of an ensemble of spins encoded in sublevels of Rydberg states and coupled via the van der Waals interactions [1].
Sanitation of tomatoes based on a combined approach of washing process and pulsed light in conjunction with selected disinfectants

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the performance of a large-scale decontamination system based on a washing process in combination with pulsed light (PL) exposure and H2O2/chlorine. In order to identify optimum processing condition, we first evaluated the effect of single and combined PL treatments on the inactivation of Salmonella on grape tomatoes using a small sample size of 50 g. Two inoculation methods, spot and dip, were used to simulate different contamination scenarios and two wash water quality, clear tap water and turbid tap water with extremely high levels of organic load and soil, were used to represent clean and very dirty wash water. In general, the combined PL-Chlorine and PL-H2O2 treatments were more or as effective as chlorine washing in killing Salmonella on grape tomatoes and were able to keep residual Salmonella in wash water below the detection limit of 2 CFU/mL. The PL alone and combined PL-H2O2 treatments were chosen and further tested for their decontamination efficacy under turbid wash water condition using large sample sizes, 300, 1000 and 2000 g. Sample size did not negatively affect the single and combined PL treatments on the inactivation of Salmonella on grape tomatoes. The combined PL-H2O2 treatment in general showed better inactivation effect of Salmonella on tomatoes than the PL alone treatment. Additionally, the combined PL-H2O2 treatment reduced Salmonella in turbid wash water below the detection limit of 2 CFU/mL in the majority of cases. In conclusion, the combined PL-H2O2 treatment could potentially be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine washing for tomato decontamination and cleaning.
Chiral Graphs: Reduced Representations of Ligand Scaffolds for Stereoselective Biomolecular Recognition, Drug Design, and Enhanced Exploration of Chemical Structure Space.

Rational structure-based drug design relies on a detailed, atomic-level understanding of protein-ligand interactions. The chiral nature of drug binding sites in proteins has led to the discovery of predominantly chiral drugs. A mechanistic understanding of stereoselectivity (which governs how one stereoisomer of a drug might bind stronger than the others to a protein) depends on the topology of stereocenters in the chiral molecule. Chiral graphs and reduced chiral graphs, introduced here, are new topological representations of chiral ligands using graph theory, to facilitate a detailed understanding of chiral recognition of ligands/drugs by proteins. These representations are demonstrated by application to all ≈14 000+ chiral ligands in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which will facilitate an understanding of protein-ligand stereoselectivity mechanisms. Ligand modifications during drug development can be easily incorporated into these chiral graphs. In addition, these chiral graphs present an efficient tool for a deep dive into the enormous chemical structure space to enable sampling of unexplored structural scaffolds.
Study on Direct Lightning Protection of $\pm\ 1100\text{kV}$ Converter Station Grid

The voltage level of HVDC transmission system in China has been raised from $\pm 500\ kV$ to $\pm 800\ kV$ and further to $\pm 1100\ kV$ The transmission power has been raised from 3000MW to 12000 MW. It is the highest voltage level and transmission power in the world. It puts forward higher requirements for system stability, insulation coordination, layout of converter stations and equipment performance. Converter station is key of the DC power system. Once a lightning damage accident occurs, it may cause a large area blackout, and the impact is very serious. The converter station requires reliable lightning protection measurements. DC valve hall and indoor DC field of $\pm\ 1100\ kV$ are higher than those of $\pm 800\ kV$ After height increase, the station lightning protection rod and line network could not effectively protect them. It was need to make lightning protection design alone for the valve hall and indoor DC field. In this paper, the design basis and design method of lightning protection for converter station buildings were given. By this method, the lightning protection design of valve hall and indoor DC field of $\pm\ 1100\ kV$ Changji and Guquan converter station were checked and optimized. The research results have important reference value and guiding significance for lightning protection design of buildings in DC converter station and AC substation. With the operation of $\pm 1100\ kV$ Changji-Guquan Project in 2019, the results of above research results will be gradually confirmed.
Ian McHarg’s confident skill

Fifty years has passed since the publication of Ian McHarg’s Design with Nature. With “confident skill,” a quality that Mumford attributed to McHarg in the book’s Introduction, the text intermingled autobiographical notes and philosophical thoughts with chapters on ecological planning case studies and the use of the map overlay technique. Design with Nature provided limited indications about the authors or books that inspired and supported McHarg. The paper, through a literature review, investigates the contingent circumstances that fed the social milieu of the 1960s and 1970s as well as the individuals and ideas preceding or contemporary with McHarg that backed, validated, or substantiated his book and ecological planning. The paper considers the multiple influences that McHarg gathered from scientists and philosophers in the time preceding the preparation of Design with Nature when he created and led his Man and the Environment course and hosted The House We Live In, a CBS television show. It also reflects the multiple ways in which McHarg’s ideas influenced, and were influenced in return, by the development of academic ecology practice and education. McHarg recognized that the book borrowed from the thoughts and dreams of others and that his intention was to divulge his ideas to a wider audience than just academic insiders. The paper affirms that Design with Nature and its author catalyzed social, cultural, scholarly, and professional factors, started a chain reaction that had an undeniable impact on academia, practice, and government in the 50 years afterward, and became a central and fundamental academic reference for landscape architecture and planning.
Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Presence of a Secondary Organic Aerosol in a Controlled Atmosphere

The gas-particle partitioning of select semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) was studied by injecting the SOCs into a 190 m3 Teflon film chamber containing a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated by volatilizing liquid α-pinene into an ozone-concentrated atmosphere. The concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) and gas and particle-phase SOCs was measured over the course of three experiments spanning a temperature range of 268–297 K and a relative humidity range of 55–100%. An equilibrium partition coefficient, Kp, was calculated for each sampling event. Empirical relationships were then developed to predict the partitioning of the SOCs on the SOA particle source as a function of temperature. Partitioning in this SOA system was compared to that of a SOA generated by the photochemical reaction of NOx with m-xylene. The results indicate that partitioning is similar between the two SOA systems. The effects of multiple particle sources on partitioning was also examined, revealing that a weighted average of predicted Kp values for individual sources can be used to predict partitioning in aerosol mixtures.
Longitudinal Macular Structure-Function Relationships in Glaucoma.

Purpose To investigate the relationship between longitudinal changes in macular thickness measurements from OCT and changes in central visual field (VF) in patients with glaucoma with central or advanced damage at baseline. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Participants A total of 116 eyes with ≥3 years of follow-up and ≥5 macular OCT images and central 10° VF tests were selected. Methods OCT superpixels and VF locations were matched correcting for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) displacement. Superpixel thickness and VF total deviation (TD) values, in both logarithmic and linear scales, were averaged within 3 eccentricities (3.4°, 5.6°, and 6.8°) and superior and inferior hemiretinas and hemifields. We estimated pointwise TD rates of change and rates of change at superpixels for full macular thickness (FMT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Correlation of structure–function (SF) rates of change was investigated with parametric tests. We compared the proportion of worsening and positive slopes for superpixels and VF test locations (negative vs. positive rates of change with P Main Outcome Measures Magnitude of correlation between structural and functional rates of change and proportion of worsening and positive slopes as a function of follow-up time. Results The median (interquartile range) follow-up and number of exams were 4.2 (3.7–4.6) years and 8 (7–9), respectively. The highest correlation of change rates was observed at 3.4° and 5.6° eccentricities (r = 0.24, 0.41, 0.40, and 0.40 for FMT, GCC, GCIPL, and GCL for 3.4° eccentricity and r = 0.28, 0.32, 0.31, and 0.32 for FMT, GCC, GCIPL, and GCL for 5.6° eccentricity, respectively). Although GCC measures demonstrated the highest overall longitudinal SF correlations, the differences were not statistically significant. Significant structural worsening was more frequently detected than functional deterioration at 3- and 5-year time points (P Conclusions Correlations between central structural and functional rates of change were weak to fair in this cohort. Structural changes were detected more frequently than functional changes. Measurements of both structure and function are required for optimal detection of central progression.
Crashing Out of a Career

This article is meant as a personal reflection on my unexpected retirement, and includes memories and thoughts about my career with the Indian Health Service near the border with Mexico, serving the Tohono O'odham tribe.
Reciprocal post-translational regulation of renal 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylases of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by phosphorylation of ferredoxin. mRNA-directed cell-free synthesis and immunoisolation of ferredoxin.

We have used a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte translational system programmed with polyadenylated [poly(A)+] RNA prepared from chick kidney tissue to study the synthesis of nascent ferredoxin, a class of iron-sulphur-containing proteins functional in the renal mitochondrial 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylases of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The synthesis of ferredoxin was monitored by determining [35S]methionine incorporation into ferredoxin and quantified by SDS/PAGE and autoradiography after immunoprecipitation from the total translation products. Compared with normal controls, vitamin D deprivation caused a significant increase in the net synthesis of nascent ferredoxin with an Mr of 12,000-13,000. [3H]Orotate incorporation as uridine into kidney poly(A)+ RNA was stimulated by aminophylline, a potent inducer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase; however, the amount of nascent ferredoxin synthesis was the same as in normal controls. Also, partially purified chick kidney mitochondrial cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase catalysed the phosphorylation of ferredoxin in vitro. The catalytic activity of the ferredoxin in 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in reconstituted systems consisting of cytochrome P-450 and ferredoxin reductase was altered with ferredoxin phosphorylation. The phosphorylation caused inhibition of the 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity while at the same time it stimulated the 24-hydroxylase. Authentic 1 alpha,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were used as standards to monitor the separation of the enzymic products by h.p.l.c. using methanol/water (4:1, v/v) as solvent. These results indicate that, in the absence of vitamin D or its metabolites in the deficient state, the synthesis of ferredoxin necessary for the 1 alpha-hydroxylase is accentuated, whereas the stimulation of the 24-hydroxylase requires the phosphorylation of existing ferredoxin without a net gain in its synthesis. This would suggest a post-translational regulation of the 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylases. A model delineating the various aspects of this study is presented.
Facilitating Authentic Learning Experiences in Distance Education: Embedding Research-Based Practices into an Online Peer Feedback Tool

Authentic learning in online education is feasible with intentional instructional strategies and appropriate educational technologies, yet as a learning approach, barriers to implementation still exist. We argue that authentic learning in online education can be successfully supported when the characteristics of authentic learning are (a) intentionally applied and (b) supported through research-based tools that facilitate the learning process seamlessly for students. To address this challenge, we developed a research-based online application that supports authentic learning. In this article, the theoretical foundations and empirical support for the tool are described, along with critical design decisions that support suggested characteristics of authentic activities. The authors overview formative research conducted during a four-year development process. Several case studies conducted at research-intensive universities are provided to describe how student motivation, metacognition, and strategic behaviors were facilitated through the tool and to encourage readers to apply similar research-based strategies in their own authentic learning contexts
The Impact of Self-Control and Texting-Related Accidents on the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Mobile Texting While Driving Behavior

Abstract Distracted driving behavior often occurs when drivers mindlessly send or receive text messages with their mobile devices. It is imperative to understand the relationship between mindfulness and texting while driving behavior because distracted driving behavior has led to a reported increase in texting related accidents and mortalities. Based on this report, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between mindfulness, self-control, frequency of texting-related accidents, near-miss accidents, and texting while driving behavior. Using a total of 609 adults with an average age of 34.11 (SD = 12.21), results showed that observe, aware, and describe were related to texting while driving. Additionally, we found evidence that self-control partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and texting while driving. Results also showed that near-miss texting while driving accidents moderated the relationship between mindfulness and texting behavior while driving. The observed inverse relationship between mindfulness and texting while driving can increase researchers’ understanding of self-control’s role in vehicular accidents triggered by texting. Implications and limitations are offered, along with suggestions for future research.