cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of continuous jugular bulb oximetry in the intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To address the accuracy of a bedside jugular bulb oxygen saturation (S j O 2 ) catheter monitor (Baxter-Edwards, Santa Ana, CA) versus in vitro co-oximetry measurements in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: By prospective protocol, we compared blood gas measurements with simultaneously recorded continuous bedside oximetric monitor values for 31 ICU patients with traumatic brain injury undergoing jugular bulb catheter monitoring. For suboptimal fiberoptic light signal quality indices, the catheter was repositioned, flushed, or both before drawing the sample for in vitro measurement. Laboratory and bedside monitor data were examined for association using the X 2 and paired t tests and a linear regression model. RESULTS: We assessed 195 samples (median, 5 per patient; range, 1-14) who were monitored an average of 3.4 (range, 1-6) days. The in vivo monitor (range, 32-94%) and in vitro co-oximetry (range, 38-93%) values had acceptable correlation (y = 0.94x + 4.4, r 2 = 0.80). For bedside monitor detection of jugular bulb desaturation (S j O 2 < 50% for 10 min), the kappa statistic was 0.35, the sensitivity was 45 to 50%, and the specificity was 98 to 100%. CONCLUSION: Continuous ICU S j O 2 monitoring correlates significantly with in vitro values, but less so than previously described during intracranial surgery. Although sensitivity of the bedside monitor to detect confirmed desaturations remains an issue, the high specificity indicates that it is less of a concern that patients may be misdiagnosed as having desaturations resulting in unnecessary interventions. Nonetheless, suspected jugular bulb desaturation should be verified before taking therapeutic actions.
The "pseudocommando" mass murderer: Part I: The psychology of revenge and obliteration.

The pseudocommando is a type of mass murderer who kills in public during the daytime, plans his offense well in advance, and comes prepared with a powerful arsenal of weapons. He has no escape planned and expects to be killed during the incident. Research suggests that the pseudocommando is driven by strong feelings of anger and resentment, flowing from beliefs about being persecuted or grossly mistreated. He views himself as carrying out a highly personal agenda of payback. Some mass murderers take special steps to send a final communication to the public or news media; these communications, to date, have received little detailed analysis. An offender's use of language may reveal important data about his state of mind, motivation, and psychopathology. Part I of this article reviews the research on the pseudocommando, as well as the psychology of revenge, with special attention to revenge fantasies. It is argued that revenge fantasies become the last refuge for the pseudocommando's mortally wounded self-esteem and ultimately enable him to commit mass murder-suicide.
Instructional design and powerful learning

Skillfully executed, instructional design can result in effective and efficient means to meet learning goals. However, more powerful learning experiences seem to go beyond effectiveness, efficiency, appeal, and even predetermined goals. This study sought to identify the key features of instructional design, to determine the nature of powerful learning experiences, and to explore how the two might relate. A survey of experts and a series of interviews with adult learners revealed overlap in some areas, for example, in the perceived importance of active engagement in authentic situations, and clear differences in others, most significantly the importance placed by learners on continual face-to-face personal interaction with a mentor/expert teacher. Speculations are offered on what similar results from additional studies might imply with regard to design actions and choices, and questions for further research are posed.
Multipole-accelerated 3-D capacitance extraction algorithms for structures with conformal dielectrics

The new three-dimensional capacitance calculation program FASTCAP2 is described. Like the earlier program FASTCAP, FASTCAP2 is based on a multipole-accelerated algorithm that is efficient enough to allow three-dimensional capacitance calculations to be part of an iterative design process. FASTCAP2 differs from FASTCAP in that it was able to analyze problems with multiple-dielectrics, thus extending the applicability of the multiple-accelerated approach to a wider class of integrated circuit interconnect and packaging problems. >
For the Good of a Common Discipline

This historical commentary reprints excerpts from Mary Sewall Gardner's January 1, 1931, editorial in the original Public Health Nursing journal. Gardner (1871-1961) directed the Providence District Nursing Association until her retirement in 1931. She had also served as president of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. In her editorial, Gardner sought to relieve the sense of hopelessness caused by the deepening Depression and ameliorate the fear that public health nursing advances had been reversed. An introduction to the impact of the Great Depression on working classes and its impact on organizations responsible for visiting nurses provides the background to help evaluate Gardner's intent. Her words find parallels in the inaugural address of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1933. This suggests that the pervasive crisis produced a distinctive tone and perspective of interdependence and mutual resolve that leaders used to help their followers through troubling times.
Unyielding progress: recent advances in the treatment of central nervous system neoplasms with radiosurgery and radiation therapy

In the past decade, our understanding of the roles of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of brain tumors has dramatically improved. To highlight the changes and contemporary treatment approaches, we review the indications and outcomes of ionizing radiation for benign intracranial tumors and brain metastases. For nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, SRS is able to achieve radiographic tumor control in at least 90 % of cases. The rate of SRS-induced endocrine remission for functioning pituitary adenomas depends on the tumor subtype, but it is generally lower than the rate of radiographic tumor control. The most common complications from pituitary adenoma SRS treatment are hypopituitarism and cranial neuropathies. SRS has become the preferred treatment modality for vestibular schwannomas and skull base meningiomas less than 3 cm in size. Large vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas remain best managed with initial surgical resection or EBRT for surgically ineligible patients. For small to moderately sized brain metastases, there has been a shift toward treatment of newly diagnosed patients with SRS alone due to similar local control rates compared with surgical resection. RCTs have shown combined SRS and whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for brain metastases to decrease rates of local and distant intracranial recurrence compared to SRS alone. However, the improved intracranial control comes at the expense of poorer neurocognitive outcomes and without prolonging overall survival. Therefore, WBRT is generally reserved for salvage therapy. While EBRT has been frequently supplanted by SRS for the treatment pituitary adenomas and brain metastases, it still proves useful in selected cases of large lesions which are not amenable to surgical debulking or for those with widespread disease, poor performance status, and short life expectancy. In recent years, the scope of SRS has extended beyond the intracranial space to include extradural and intradural spinal tumors.
Government Performance, Corruption, and Political Trust in East Asia*

Objective This study examines the effects of government performance and corruption on political trust in three East Asian democracies—Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—using the empirical implications of theoretical models (EITM) framework. Methods I argue that political trust is a function of evaluation of government performance, perception of corruption, and their interaction, and provide an empirical test using the data from the Asian Barometer. Results Empirically, I find that assessment of government performance is positively associated with political trust, whereas perception of corruption is negatively related to political trust. Furthermore, evaluation of government performance interacts with perception of corruption to negatively influence political trust. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that the effects of evaluation of government performance and perception of corruption on political trust depend on the level of each other. Specifically, corruption can exacerbate the positive effect of government performance on political trust, but government performance cannot ameliorate the negative association between corruption and political trust. This study implies that in a democracy, the public expects its government to be not only competent but also ethical, and put more weight on ethics than on competence.
New Insights from Major Prospective Cohort Studies with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR)

Since 1948, epidemiology studies played an important role in understanding cardiovascular disease and afforded an opportunity to learn about newer diagnostic tests. In 2000, the MESA Study incorporated several advanced cardiovascular imaging modalities including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and coronary artery calcium scans. The decade of follow-up enabled prognosis studies, an important step beyond association studies. In brief, left ventricular hypertrophy by cardiac MRI predicted incident heart failure and stroke. In the MESA Study, coronary artery calcium was a better predictor of coronary artery disease end points than the non-contrast-enhanced MRI scan. In the ICELAND MI substudy of the AGES-Reykjavik Study, a contrast-enhanced MRI scan detected many more unrecognized myocardial infarctions (MIs) (UMIs) than detected by electrocardiography and documented these UMI had adverse prognostic significance. Thus, cardiac MRI has been successfully incorporated into large population studies and shown added value over conventional measurements of cardiovascular disease.
Antiarrhythmic effects of a lidocaine congener, tocainide, 2‐amino‐2',6'‐propionoxylidide, in man

Eight patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were given single oral doses of 2-amino-2', 6'-propionoxylidide hydrochloride (APX), a lidocaine congener, to investigate the drug's efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Of the 7 patients receiving more than 100 mg, 5 demonstrated at least 60% reduction in PVCs in the 5-hour period following one of the doses; the responsiveness to APX was similar to that observed when intravenous lidocaine was given to the same patients. There were side effects of transient dizziness, lightheadedness, and nausea in 3 patients 20 to 30 min after doses of 400 to 800 mg; slightly smaller doses in 2 of these patients retained efficacy without side effects. There were no effects on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or the electrocardiogram of normally conducted beats. Laboratory values remained within normal limits, although the hemoglobin level and hematocrit showed a small but significant fall probably related to repeated blood sampling during the study. Drug plasma levels at 1 and 2 hr after administration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve were proportional to dose, and the drug disappeared with a mean elimination half-life of 14.7 +/- 1.7 hr (mean +/- SD). Plasma levels resulting in suppression of PVCs ranged from 1 to 5 mug/ml. A mean of 39.7 +/- 12.4% of an orally administered dose was recovered unchanged in 48-hr urine collections. Comparison of the present results with those previously obtained after intravenous administration of APX indicates that oral bioavailability of the drug was essentially complete. APX appears to be a promising orally effective antiarrhythmic drug with suitable pharmacokinetic characteristics to warrant studies designed to establish dosage regimens for chronic therapy.
Ties that Bind: Immigration and Immigrant Families

Immigration to the United States is largely a family affair, and will remain so for the probable future, regardless of the reforms and restrictions that may make their way through the legislative process in Congress. The family is a “strategic research site” for understanding the dynamics of immigration flows (legal and illegal) and of immigrant adaptation processes, as well as their long - term consequences for both sending and especially receiving countries such as the United States. Kinship is also central to understanding U.S. immigration policies - marriage and close family ties are the basis for longstanding selection criteria built into U.S. immigration law. To varying degrees of closeness, millions of immigrants in the U.S. today, plus millions more of their U.S. - born offspring, are embedded in often intricate webs of family ties, both here and abroad. They form extraordinary transnational linkages and networks that can, by reducing the costs and risks of migration, expand and serve as a conduit to additional and thus potentially self - perpetuating migration. Such chaining processes lead to remarkably dense ethnic concentrations in U.S. cities, consisting of entire community segments from places of origin. The import of immigrant family connections goes far beyond their functions for chain or circular migration and local support. Remittances sent by immigrants to family members back home link communities across national borders and are vital to the economies of many sending countries. That embeddedness in family, in a web of primary ties of affection, trust, and obligation, is at once a rich resource and a potential vulnerability. Family ties are a source of both positive and negative "social capital", i.e., a resource that inheres not in the individual but in social (familial) relationships that can cut both ways, enabling as well as constraining particular outcomes. Especially among immigrant families moving from one sociocultural environment to another, role dissonance in rapidly changing marital and parent - child relationships can intensify conflicts and lead to family breakdown. Immigrant families come in all shapes and must confront dramatically different contexts of adaptation. To make sense of the diversity of immigrant families we need to begin with the recognition that it makes no sense to speak of a singular immigrant family experience. This study, based on both national and regional data, examines the effects of migration on family outcomes over time, looking selectively at some contemporary patterns of immigrant family structure, change, and conflict, and at the effect of family characteristics and contexts on the educational attainment and aspirations of their children, both those who came at an early age and those who were born in the U.S. of immigrant parents.
Long-term outcomes of the bronchial artery embolization are diagnosis dependent.

Background: Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an established, safe, and effective procedure for the treatment of hemoptysis but long-term outcomes of the BAE have never been investigated before. Objectives: To retrospectively analyze long-term outcomes of the BAE. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart analysis was done from the hospital central database for all patients undergoing the BAE over a consecutive 14-year period (January 2000-February 2014). A total of 58 patients were identified from the database. Eight patients were excluded due to the lack of follow-up. Data such as patient demographics, reason for hemoptysis, medical imaging results, bronchoscopy findings, recurrence rates, and morbidity/mortality rates after the BAE were collected. Results: Eighty three embolizations were performed in 50 patients. The median follow-up was of 2.2 years. Cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis was the most common etiology (21/50), followed by non-CF bronchiectasis (9/50). Cavitary lung disease occurred in 12/50 patients, an additional 4/50 had cancer (primary lung and metastatic), and one patient had antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis. In three patients the etiology was unknown. Postprocedural complications occurred in 5/83 (6%) patients, two patients with two major complications - stroke (one) and paraplegia (one) - and three patients with minor complications - chest pain (two) and bronchial artery dissection (one). A total of 15/50 patients died during the follow-up. Three patients died of hemoptysis, and the remaining deaths were unrelated to the procedure or hemoptysis. Twenty four patients had recurrent hemoptysis. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed an excellent long-term survival that was 85% at 10 years. Conclusions: The BAE is a safe and effective procedure with excellent overall long-term survival.
Visual Perceptualization of Tetrachoric Correlations

Random samples drawn from specified distributions were visually presented at high display rates to observers for discrimination. Different levels of tetrachoric correlations were produced by controlling the probability of agreement, PAG, of the signs of the x- and y-coordinates. Differential thresholds are relatively constant, when expressed in terms of the difference in normalized PAG-levels, over a wide range of reference correlations. Although thresholds improve with the number of presented samples, there is a loss of efficiency, relative to the performance of an Idealized Statistical Observer. Sampling from an underlying uniform distribution leads to somewhat lower differential thresholds for tetrachoric correlations than sampling from a normal distribution. Comparisons are drawn with the detection of product-moment correlations.
Magnetostriction in Some R6Fe23 Rare Earth Intermetallic Compounds

Anisotropic magnetostriction measurements of R6Fe23, R = (Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) have been carried out from 77 K to room temperature. Magnetic fields up to 2.1 Tesla were applied. All the compounds exhibited large magnetostrictions at 77 K, the largest effect being obtained for TbgFe23. Saturation magnetostriction values λs for the compounds were determined at 77.4 K and room temperature. Results of the temperature dependence of magnetostriction for Er6Fe23 are in good agreement with Callen and Callen’s single ion theory. Therefore, the main source of magnetostriction in this compound is the Er ion.
Rapid and continuous activity-dependent plasticity of olfactory sensory input

Incorporation of new neurons enables plasticity and repair of circuits in the adult brain. Adult neurogenesis is a key feature of the mammalian olfactory system, with new olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) wiring into highly organized olfactory bulb (OB) circuits throughout life. However, neither when new postnatally generated OSNs first form synapses nor whether OSNs retain the capacity for synaptogenesis once mature, is known. Therefore, how integration of adult-born OSNs may contribute to lifelong OB plasticity is unclear. Here, we use a combination of electron microscopy, optogenetic activation and in vivo time-lapse imaging to show that newly generated OSNs form highly dynamic synapses and are capable of eliciting robust stimulus-locked firing of neurons in the mouse OB. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mature OSN axons undergo continuous activity-dependent synaptic remodelling that persists into adulthood. OSN synaptogenesis, therefore, provides a sustained potential for OB plasticity and repair that is much faster than OSN replacement alone.
Incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in burn patients with inhalation injury treated with high frequency percussive ventilation versus volume control ventilation: A systematic review.

Abstract Background Pneumonia increases mortality in burn patients with inhalation injuries. We evaluated whether the use of High Frequency Percussive Ventilation (HFPV) in burn patients with inhalation injuries can decrease rates of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) compared to Volume Control Ventilation (VCV). Methods Data were gathered from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, reference lists, and hand search. For unpublished data we searched ClinicalTrials.gov and RePORTER. We included observational and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that compared rates of VAP with the use of HFPV and VCV in adult burn patients with inhalation injury. Two reviewers independently extracted data from the retrieved studies and assessed them for eligibility, methodology, and quality. Results 281 abstracts were reviewed, of which 4 studies (540 patients) were included. Two were observational and two were RCTs. All studies had moderate risk of bias. One study had low external validity while others had moderate external validity. The two observational studies found non-concordant results. One study found a 24% statistically significant reduction in the rates of VAP while the other found no difference. The two RCTs had small sample sizes. There was no significant difference in VAP rates between HFPV and VCV. The VCV arms of the four studies were heterogeneous. Only one study used low tidal volumes, whereas the rest used high tidal volumes in the VCV arm. Conclusion Evidence about decreased incidence of VAP in burn patients with inhalation injuries who are on HFPV compared to those on VCV is inconclusive. Although enhanced airway clearance by HFPV was thought to play a role in decreasing VAP in this population, high tidal volume in the VCV arms could be a confounding factor that should be eliminated in future studies before a firm conclusion can be reached. More RCTs comparing HFPV to low tidal volume VCV are needed.
Effects of Sintering Temperature on Open‐Volume Defects and Thermoluminescence of Yttria and Lutetia Ceramics

The effects of different processing steps and processing conditions for the fabrication of Y2O3 and Lu2O3 ceramics were investigated, particularly the effects of calcination, and sintering temperature on the content of open-volume and electronic defects. Ceramic bodies were prepared from calcined powders by sintering from 1400°C to 1700°C for 20 h. Density was determined by the Archimedes method and showed pellets reached about 99% of Y2O3 density for temperatures ≥1450°C, and reached 98% for sintering at 1700°C for Lu2O3. The content of open-volume defects was followed by positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) measurements. For both materials, two lifetimes were obtained. The faster lifetime, 211 ps for Y2O3 and 204 ps for Lu2O3, was assigned to bulk annihilation with possible contribution of grain boundaries. The longer lifetime was assigned to positronium annihilation in open-volume defects with radii of 2–4 A. Doppler broadening analysis revealed the same type of defect in Lu2O3 ceramics for all sintering temperatures. PAL analysis results showed that densification was achieved through the elimination and agglomeration of open-volume defects. Thermoluminescence (TL) measurements of Y2O3 showed that sintering is beneficial in eliminating traps and/or recombination centers, and that higher sintering temperatures increase TL signal.
Resistance to malathion in a strain of body lice from Burundi.

A strain of Pediculus humanus humanus L. from Burundi was colonized in the laboratory and adapted to feeding on rabbits. At the LC50 level, resistance to malathion was 37× in the F2 generation but decreased to 4× in the F14 generation. After being placed under malathion pressure in the F15 generation, resistance increased to 8× in the F23generation. In a substrain, separated from the original in the F15 generation and maintained without insecticidal pressure, malathion resistance decreased to 1× in the F23 generation at the LC50 level, but some resistance still existed at the LC00 level. Both strains showed a high resistance to DDT and lindane and variable patterns of cross-resistance to other insecticides.
Q: Do patients who received only two doses of hepatitis B vaccine need a booster?

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) currently recommends that people who have not completed the three-dose vaccination series against hepatitis B virus (HBV) should receive the missed doses: ie, the three-dose regimen does not need to be restarted.1 However, evidence suggests that a two-dose regimen may provide adequate seroprotection for healthy young adults. As the three-dose regimen has been shown to protect 90% to 100% of adults,2 it has gained widespread acceptance and is now standard clinical practice.2 However, deviating from the three-dose regimen may not leave healthy young adults vulnerable to HBV infection.
24-Hour rhythms at several levels of integration in mice on different lighting regimens.

Summary and conclusionsThe following variables were studied in the mouse under conditions standardized for evaluation of 24-hour periodicity: glucose and “corticosterone” in blood; mitoses in pinna...
Automaticity and the Processing of Artistic Photographs

Participants viewed black and white artistic photographs. They used a visual scale to indicate their preferences for the photographs while performing a concurrent digit preload memory recall task. ...
Robust Optimization for Transmission Expansion Planning: Minimax Cost vs. Minimax Regret

Due to the long planning horizon, transmission expansion planning is typically subjected to a lot of uncertainties including load growth, renewable energy penetration, policy changes, etc. In addition, deregulation of the power industry and pressure from climate change introduced new sources of uncertainties on the generation side of the system. Generation expansion and retirement become highly uncertain as well. Some of the uncertainties do not have probability distributions, making it difficult to use stochastic programming. Techniques like robust optimization that do not require a probability distribution became desirable. To address these challenges, we study two optimization criteria for the transmission expansion planning problem under the robust optimization paradigm, where the maximum cost and maximum regret of the expansion plan over all uncertainties are minimized, respectively. With these models, our objective is to make planning decisions that are robust against all scenarios. We use a two-layer algorithm to solve the resulting tri-level optimization problems. Then, in our case studies, we compare the performance of the minimax cost approach and the minimax regret approach under different characterizations of uncertainties.
Multi-scale gyrokinetic simulations: Comparison with experiment and implications for predicting turbulence and transport

To better understand the role of cross-scale coupling in experimental conditions, a series of multi-scale gyrokinetic simulations were performed on Alcator C-Mod, L-mode plasmas. These simulations, performed using all experimental inputs and realistic ion to electron mass ratio ((mi/me)1∕2 = 60.0), simultaneously capture turbulence at the ion ( kθρs∼O(1.0)) and electron-scales ( kθρe∼O(1.0)). Direct comparison with experimental heat fluxes and electron profile stiffness indicates that Electron Temperature Gradient (ETG) streamers and strong cross-scale turbulence coupling likely exist in both of the experimental conditions studied. The coupling between ion and electron-scales exists in the form of energy cascades, modification of zonal flow dynamics, and the effective shearing of ETG turbulence by long wavelength, Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG) turbulence. The tightly coupled nature of ITG and ETG turbulence in these realistic plasma conditions is shown to have significant implications for the interpretat...
Effect of CoQ-10 Capsule on Alleviating Fatigue

[Objective] To study the effect of CoQ-10 capsule on alleviating fatigue in mice.[Methods]40 adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups,three treament groups were given CoQ-10 capsule at dose of 4.2, 42.0 and 125.0 mg/(kg·d) for 30 days, 0.02 ml/(g·d) by gastric perfusion, and the control group was given iso volume solvent (soybean oil). In 30 min after the last treatment, loaded swimming time, serum urea, liver glycogen and blood bactate were detected, and the different among these groups were compared.[Results]In 125 mg/(kg·d)group, the loaded swimming time was prolonged, serum urea decreased, liver glycogen reserve increased (P0.05), and there were significant differences between 125.0 mg/(kg·d)group and the control group. No significant difference was found in lactic acid level after swimming and weigh of mice (P0.05).[Conclusion] The CoQ-10 capsule can alleviate fatigue in mice.
Results of Occupational Health Examination of Fluoride-exposed Workers in Wuxi city in 2010

[Objective]To study the effect of fluoride exposure on the health of workers in Wuxi City.[Methods]According to the relevant standards,the occupational health examination was performed on workers exposed to fluoride.[Results]Pelvic film and urine fluoride of fluoride-exposed workers were not unusual.Fluoride concentrations of workplace detected were within the limits of national standards.1 941(58.91%) individual had common disease or single abnormal indicator,the detection rate was 58.91%.The hypertension,liver and gallbladder-related disease,liver dysfunction were more common.[Conclusion]Fluoride concentration of workplace in Wuxi has been better controlled,which had made a very light effect on workers.Protecting the health of fluoride-exposed workers is still the focus of prevention efforts of the city.
Are neuraminidase inhibitors effective for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children

Treating previously healthy patients with oseltamivir (Tamiflu) reduces the duration of influenza symptoms by approximately 21 hours, but it does not reduce the risk of hospitalization in this population.1 The data are insufficient to determine whether oseltamivir reduces the complications or transmission of influenza.
Leishmaniasis-Associated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis With Massive Complement Deposition.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a pattern of injury characterized by mesangial and endocapillary proliferation, double contours along the capillary walls, and lobular accentuation of the capillary tufts.1 Based on pathophysiology, MPGN is classified into MPGN mediated by immune complexes and Igs and complement-mediated MPGN.1, 2 Immune complex/Ig–mediated MPGN most often results from an underlying infection, autoimmune disease, or monoclonal gammopathy.3, 4, 5 Complement-mediated MPGN includes C3 glomerulopathy, which encompasses C3 glomerulonephritis and dense deposit disease.6, 7 C3 glomerulopathy is characterized by dominant staining for C3 and negative or minimal staining for Igs.8 The staining for C3 is at least 2 orders greater in magnitude than Ig staining. C3 glomerulopathy results from dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement with accumulation of complement factors of the alternative and terminal pathways of complement.9, 10 Infections are an important cause of MPGN that are usually associated with an immune complex–mediated MPGN. Immune complex–mediated MPGN due to infections is characterized by the presence of Ig, usually IgG or IgM, along with complement factors of the classical and terminal pathways. In this report, we present an unusual form of MPGN characterized by negative Ig but by large deposits of complement factors of the classical and terminal pathways in a patient with leishmaniasis and HIV infection. Furthermore, Leishmania species amastigotes were detected within macrophages in the interstitium. This finding of both complement-mediated MPGN and interstitial inflammation associated with leishmaniasis is extremely unusual and should be kept in mind as an uncommon cause of renal disease in the immunocompromised host.
Abstract CT140: Pilot study of “hyperfractionated” anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioimmunotherapy (177Lu-J591) for progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)

Background: Phase I and II single dose 177Lu?J591 studies have been published demonstrating safety and efficacy in mCRPC. We reported a study of fractionated-double dose 177Lu?J591 (2 doses given 2 weeks apart), demonstrating the ability to administer higher cumulative doses with a dose-response and also equal or less toxicity. As a single-dose, 70 mCi/m2 results in at least 30% declines in 47% with 41% receiving a platelet transfusion. When administered in 2 divided doses, 80 mCi/m2 results in 25% PSA response with 25% transfusion; 90 mCi/m2 results in 59% response with 65% getting transfused. We hypothesize that additional dose-fractionation will allow a higher cumulative dose with less toxicity. Methods: Patients with progressive mCRPC with normal neutrophil and platelet counts were enrolled in a planned 6-patient pilot study. No selection for PSMA expression was performed. 177Lu-J591 was administered at 25 mCi/m2 every 2 weeks until the emergence of grade 2 myelosuppression. Planar imaging of 177Lu?J591 at 6?8 days following the 1st and 4th doses was performed. Pre- and post-treatment PSA and CTC counts (CellSearch) were measured. Results: 6 men median age 68.5 (range 50-79), PSA 84.8 (14.7-2265), 67% elevated LDH, 83% unfavorable CTC count, 67% prior chemo, all prior exposure to abi/enza. Five (83%) with bone mets, 5 (83%) with lymph node mets, and 2 (33%) with visceral mets. Pts received a range of 3-6 doses (cumulative 75-150 mCi/m2 of 177Lu-J591). Two (33%) had >30% PSA decline and 3 (50%) had CTC count decline. Two (33%) experienced Gr 4 neutropenia (without fever), 3 (50%) had Gr 4 thrombocytopenia, and 2 (33%) had platelet transfusion. Two had worsening cytopenia following partial count recovery during periods of cancer progression, with bone marrow biopsies in both revealing infiltrative tumor without dysplasia. Targeting of 177Lu?J591 at known sites of disease was seen in all (100%) pts. Conclusions: “Hyperfractionation” of radioimmunotherapy with 177Lu?J591 is possible in a heavily pre-treated population with poor prognostic features. Targeted delivery of 177Lu occurs to known sites of disease in an unselected patient population. Study is ongoing to determine the optimal target population and dosing regimen for phase 2 study. Citation Format: Ana M. Molina, Jaspreet S. Batra, Beerinder S. Karir, Yuliya Jhanwar, Shankar Vallabhajosula, Paul J. Christos, Linda Lam, Jennifer Epstein, Irene Karpenko, Himisha Beltran, David M. Nanus, Stanley J. Goldsmith, Neil H. Bander, Scott T. Tagawa. Pilot study of “hyperfractionated” anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioimmunotherapy (177Lu-J591) for progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr CT140.
Result Merging for Structured Queries on the Deep Web with Active Relevance Weight Estimation

Abstract Data integration systems on the Deep Web offer a transparent means to query multiple data sources at once. Result merging– the generation of an overall ranked list of results from different sources in response to a query– is a key component of a data integration system. In this work we present a result merging model, called Active Relevance Weight Estimation model. Different from the existing techniques for result merging, we estimate the relevance of a data source in answering a query at query time. The relevances for a set of data sources are expressed with a (normalized) weighting scheme: the larger the weight for a data source the more relevant the source is in answering a query. We estimate the weights of a data source in each subset of the data sources involved in a training query. Because an online query may not exactly match any training query, we devise methods to obtain a subset of training queries that are related to the online query. We estimate the relevance weights of the online query from the weights of this subset of training queries. Our experiments show that our method outperforms the leading merging algorithms with comparable response time.
Preliminary Validation of a Parent-Child Relational Framework for Teaching Developmental Assessment to Pediatric Residents.

Abstract Objective A parent–child relational framework was used as a method to train pediatric residents in basic knowledge and observation skills for the assessment of child development. Components of the training framework and its preliminary validation as an alternative to milestone-based approaches are described. Methods Pediatric residents were trained during a 4-week clinical rotation to use a semistructured interview and observe parent–child behavior during health visits using clinical criteria for historical information and observed behavior that reflect developmental change in the parent–child relationship. Clinical impressions of concern versus no concern for developmental delay were derived from parent–child relational criteria and the physical examination. A chart review yielded 330 preterm infants evaluated using this methodology at 4 and 15 months corrected age who also had standardized developmental testing at 6 and 18 months corrected age. Sensitivities and specificities were computed to examine the validity of the clinical assessment compared with standardized testing. A subset of residents who completed 50 or more assessments during the rotation was timed at the end of 4 weeks. Results Parent–child behavioral markers elicited from the history and/or observed during the health visit correlated highly with standardized developmental assessment. Sensitivities and specificities were 0.72/0.98 and 0.87/0.96 at 4 to 6 and 15 to 18 months, respectively. Residents completed their assessments Conclusions A parent–child relational framework is a potentially efficient and effective approach to training residents in the clinical knowledge and skills of child development assessment.
Sarcoidosis in the setting of combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy: a case report & review of the literature

We report a case of sarcoidosis in a patient with metastatic melanoma managed with combination ipilimumab/nivolumab. Sarcoid development has been linked with single agent immunotherapy but, to our knowledge, it has not been reported with combination ipilimumab/nivolumab treatment. This case raises unique management challenges for both the melanoma and the immunotherapy-related toxicity. A 46 year old Caucasian female with M1c-metastatic melanoma was managed with ipilimumab/nivolumab combination. Patient experienced response in baseline lesions but developed new clinical and radiographic findings. Biopsy of new lesions at two different sites both demonstrated tumefactive sarcoidosis. Staining of the biopsy tissue for PD-L1 expression demonstrated strong PD-L1 staining of the histiocytes and lymphocytes within the granulomas. Monotherapy nivolumab was continued without progression of sarcoid findings or clinical deterioration. Tissue biopsy for evaluation of new lesions on immunotherapy is an important step to help guide decision making, as non-melanoma lesions can mimic disease progression.
Impact of Internal Pipe Grooves on Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Small-Bore A-106 Carbon Steel Pipes

Segments of welded small-bore A-106 carbon steel from a piping system that experienced severe flow-accelerated corrosion were characterized for surface damage due to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC). A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was done to compare findings of CFD model versus observed surface FAC damage inside the pipes. CFD results expressed in terms of turbulence intensity showed good agreement with actual surface damage due to FAC. It was concluded that the presence of internal grooves would cause turbulent flow regime, and therefore, it would cause pipe material damage.
Myocardial blood flow distribution in miniature pigs during exercise

Total and regional myocardial blood flow was measured in miniature pigs at rest and during two levels of treadmill exercise, including maximal exercise. Exercise increased the myocardial blood flow in a linear manner with heart rate (r=0.87). At rest the endocardial/epicardial blood flow ratio was significantly greater than unity with flow favoring the endocardium. Exercise failed to appreciably alter the distribution of coronary blood flow. Thus the myocardium was capable of further dilatation and perfusion of blood without compromising endocardial flow even during the most severe level of exercise when maximal heart rates were attained.
Information flow on social networks: from empirical data to situation understanding

This paper describes characteristics of information flow on social channels, as a function of content type and relations among individual sources, distilled from analysis of Twitter data as well as human subject survey results. The working hypothesis is that individuals who propagate content on social media act (e.g., decide whether to relay information or not) in accordance with their understanding of the content, as well as their own beliefs and trust relations. Hence, the resulting aggregate content propagation pattern encodes the collective content interpretation of the underlying group, as well as their relations. Analysis algorithms are described to recover such relations from the observed propagation patterns as well as improve our understanding of the content itself in a language agnostic manner simply from its propagation characteristics. An example is to measure the degree of community polarization around contentious topics, identify the factions involved, and recognize their individual views on issues. The analysis is independent of the language of discourse itself, making it valuable for multilingual media, where the number of languages used may render language-specific analysis less scalable.
Functionalized Vesicles by Microfluidic Device

In recent years, lipid vesicles have become popular vehicles for the creation of biosensors. Vesicles can hold reaction components within a selective permeable membrane that provides an ideal environment for membrane protein biosensing elements. The lipid bilayer allows a protein to retain its native structure and function, and the membrane fluidity can allow for conformational changes and physiological interactions with target analytes. Here, we present two methods for the production of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) within a microfluidic device that can be used as the basis for a biosensor. The vesicles are produced from water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion templates using a nonvolatile oil phase. To create the GUVs, the oil can be removed via extraction with ethanol, or by altering the interfacial tension between the oil and carrier solution causing the oil to retract into a cap on one side of the structure, leaving behind an exposed lipid bilayer. Methods to integrate sensing elements and membrane protein pores onto the vesicles are also introduced in this work.
Eaten Alive : Autophagy and Neuronal Cell Death after Hypoxia-Ischemia

This Commentary discusses the first in vivo evidence of neuronal cell death requiring autophagy in the mammalian brain.
Auditing with smart contracts

Blockchain-based smart contracts are emerging as a disruptive force that may change the way financial statement audits are performed and delivered. With their potential ability to autonomously execute audit procedures on behalf of the auditor and disclose the results of these audit procedures, blockchain-based smart contracts have the potential to improve audit quality and meet the information demands of various vested parties for more timely and transparent audit reporting. This paper proposes the application of smart contracts to auditing as an enabler for improved audit data analytics and close to real-time audit reporting.
Variant May-Thurner syndrome: Compression of the left common iliac vein by the ipsilateral internal iliac artery.

Abstract May Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an anatomic variant that can present as acute or chronic deep vein thrombosis. Although it is classically reported in young and middle-aged women, it is also seen in both young and older men. Multiple cases of anatomic variations of MTS have been described. We present an uncommon case of variant MTS, including diagnostic imaging and approach to treatment.
What’s Eating the Epidermis? In Vivo Autophagy Manipulation via Subcutaneous MicroRNA Delivery

Autophagy, discovered as a starvation-induced cellular recycling pathway, routes protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and pathogens to lysosomes and also supports normal tissue homeostasis. Although prior studies linked autophagy to epidermal differentiation, infection, and carcinogenesis, Wang et al. report upstream regulation of autophagy by microRNAs. Subcutaneous delivery of microRNA mimics and antagonists modulated autophagy in vivo, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic strategy in dermatology.
Siderophore-Mediated Iron Acquisition: Target for the Development of Selective Antibiotics Towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This chapter reviews recent pertinent literature on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis siderophore mycobactin and its excreted counterpart carboxymycobactin. Emphasis is placed on the design of antibiotics to specifically interfere with the biosynthesis of these siderophores and the use of siderophore analogs or conjugates to achieve inhibition of M. tuberculosis. Although the discussion is focused on biological activity of potential anti-tuberculosis agents, a brief description of the synthetic routes for compounds of interest is given.
Changing Livelihoods in Rural America

Globalization and economic restructuring have profoundly affected the rural economy over the past 30 years (Glasmeier & Conroy, 1994). As noted in the introductory chapter, the notion of a rural economy reliant on a stable farming sector has been outmoded for decades. Today, fewer than one in 10 people living in rural America has a job directly related to farming. New competitive pressures will continue to change the rural economy and have significant impacts on the livelihoods of rural Americans, as workers in virtually all industries scramble to maintain a reasonable and sustainable standard of living in an increasingly volatile global market. At the same time, the ways in which globalization and economic restructuring play out both across geographic regions and within economic sectors is far from uniform. Impacts of these macro-scale processes on rural livelihoods merit examination at various levels of analysis. The nature of rural economic change over the past few decades is an active topic of research (Barkley, 1993; Falk & Lobao, 2003; Galston & Baehler, 1995; McGranahan, 2003), as are the linkages between economic, demographic and social change (Castle, 1995; Fuguitt et al., 1989). However, the increasing pace of global change, especially over the past 10 years, presents new challenges to rural Americans and their way of life. In this chapter we consider the nature of nonmetropolitan economic change in the last 30 years by examining links between the rural and global economies, exploring internal restructuring in specific sectors of the rural economy, and outlining repercussions of these changes for employment and income in various U.S. regions. The last 30 years brought significant sectoral shifts in rural employment within the United States (see Figure 4.1). Using data from the Regional Economic Information System (REIS) throughout our analysis, we identify three broad sectors that now comprise well over three quarters of all nonmetropolitan employment (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2003). These include agriculture, manufacturing, and the tertiary sector consisting of transportation, communications and public