cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretic Analysis of the Influence of Heart-Dipole Eccentricity on Limb Leads, Wilson Central-Terminal Voltage and the Frontal-Plane Vectorcardiogram

This is a theoretic investigation of the influence of the position of a current dipole on the electric potential produced at the boundary of a homogeneous conducting sphere. Thirty different eccentric dipole positions are selected within the sphere to bear analogy to locations of the equivalent dipole of the human heart within the chest, and boundary-potential calculations are made from points selected to bear analogy with body-surface points utilized in limb leads, Wilson centralterminal and frontal-plane electrocardiography. The point of view taken differs completely from the scalene-triangle geometric representation of eccentricity; instead, an equilateral triangle is used in conjunction with assigned strength and orientation time-variations for the eccentric dipole. It is concluded that if electrocardiography were subject to no other limitation of the application of field analysis, eccentricity of dipole position alone can produce very significant deviations between the manifest heart vector and the true heart vector in both direction and magnitude. The dependence of the Wilson central-terminal voltage on dipole eccentricity is likewise appreciable and of the same order of magnitude as reported by several experimenters; however, the effects of eccentricity on the Wilson central-terminal voltage are generally less pronounced than on the manifest heart vector.
Tickling the TLR7 to cure viral hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis B and C are the leading causes of liver disease and liver transplantation worldwide. Ability to mount an effective immune response against both HBV and HCV is associated with spontaneous clearance of both infections, while an inability to do so leads to chronicity of both infections. To mount an effective immune response, both innate and adaptive immune responses must work in tandem. Hence, developing protective immunity to hepatitis viruses is an important goal in order to reduce the global burden of these two infections and prevent development of long-term complications. In this regard, the initial interactions between the pathogen and immune system are pivotal in determining the effectiveness of immune response and subsequent elimination of pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses to various pathogens and are often involved in initiating and augmenting effective antiviral immunity. Immune-based therapeutic strategies that specifically induce type I interferon responses are associated with functional cure for both chronic HBV and HCV infections. Precisely, TLR7 stimulation mediates an endogenous type I interferon response, which is critical in development of a broad, effective and protective immunity against hepatitis viruses. This review focuses on anti-viral strategies that involve targeting TLR7 that may lead to development of protective immunity and eradication of hepatitis B.
Complication from combined use of capsule retractors and capsular tension rings in zonular dehiscence

We describe a new complication associated with capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation after placement of capsule retractors. We report 3 cases from 3 different surgeons of inadvertent threading of a CTR through a capsule retractor loop. In each case, the distal loop was opened or amputated to facilitate hook removal. We report this case series to alert cataract surgeons to a potential complication of using CTRs and capsule retractors together and to offer potential strategies for preventing and managing an intracapsular entanglement. Financial Disclosure Dr. Kim is a consultant to Alcon Surgical, Inc. Dr. Chang receives personal fees from Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. Dr. Condon receives personal fees from Alcon Surgical, Inc. and Microsurgical Technology. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Introduction to the classic papers commemorating the APS Legacy Project

The American Physiological Society (APS) was founded in 1887 by a small group of visionary scientists and physicians. The Society has since grown to one of the most important and influential scientific organizations in the world. A major reason for this growth in size and influence is the
Epidemiology of cervical cancer: study of a prison population.

The occurrence of cervical cancer was studied in a group of 511 women inmates from the Detroit House of Correction. The study group was characterized by a high rate of prostitution (30 per cent), gonorrhea (5.3 per cent), syphilis (15.5 per cent) , and Trichomonas infestation (82.6 per cent). In situ cervical cancer was found in 3.7 per cent of these women. Comparison of the study group to 460 controls with similar age, race, and parity showed that the cancer of cervix in prisoners was four times higher. Analysis of data revealed that the onset of sexual activity in the study group occurred at the mean age of 15.6 years, i.e ., 2.8 years earlier than in the control group. The significance of this finding is discussed. It is concluded that the initiation of sexual intercourse at an early age and sexual promiscuity are the most important etiologic factors associated with the cancer of cervix.
What about the Good-Faith Defense?:

What are the limits of the good-faith defense? This article outlines the many problems which still surround the interpretation and application of Section 2(b) of the Robinson-Patman Act.
Evaluation of Serum Magnesium Concentration Changes in Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patients

Background: During orthotopic liver transplantation, magnesium monitoring has been done frequently because of its important role in the cardiovascular system. Generally hypomagnesemia may occur frequently during an operation, but some investigators reported serum magnesium levels returned to normal after reperfusion which is different from our result. Therefore, this study was done to confirm the changes of serum magnesium in the postanhepatic stage and also to confirm the need for prophylactic magnesium administration. Methods: Thirteen patients plasma magnesium concentrations were measured 8 times during the operation on each patient. We also checked the total transfusion amount and required CaCl2 amount in every patient. The significance of all data were evaluated with a paired t-test and correlation method. Results: Serum magnesium levels were significantly decreased after the beginning of the postanhepatic stage during an operation (P < 0.05). Correlation between transfused blood amounts and CaCl2 requirements showed significant correlation (r: 0.709), but no correlation between magnesium concentrations and transfused blood amounts was found. Conclusions: We concluded that serum magnesium concentrations were significantly decreased especially in the postanhepatic stage and an appropriate amount of a magnesium supply may be needed. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 40: 733∼737) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ
A Stokesian analysis of a submerged viscous jet impinging on a planar wall

The wall pressure and wall shear stress of a submerged viscous jet impinging on an infinite planar wall are derived. The whole creeping flow of semi-infinite extent is generated via distributions on a cylindrical pipe of tangentially and normally directed Stokeslets which are modified to achieve no-slip at the wall in two stages. First the pressure and vorticity jumps associated with the Poiseuille flow upstream in the pipe are readily forced, and then further distributions, of zero density far upstream but with square-root density singularity at the orifice , are added to achieve no-slip on the pipe wall. Thus the adjustment of the interior pipe flow from its upstream parabolic profile to its exit profile is fully included in – and a major feature of – this creeping flow analysis. The maximum plane wall pressure is always located on the axis , and decreases as increases to alleviate the obstruction effect of the wall. The interaction of the inflow with the ambient fluid in the neighbourhood of causes the wall stress to rise rapidly to a maximum and then decay with the radial position of this maximum increasing as increases. This behaviour is discussed in the context of physiological experiments on auditory sensory hair cells that motivated this study.
Docking to the Highly Flexible Estrogen Receptor Ligand Binding Domain via Mixed-Resolution Monte Carlo

We report on a docking study using a new version of our mixed-resolution Monte Carlo (MRMC) software, which was previously employed for simple self-docking of estradiol to the ligand-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (ER). The MRMC software represents ligands and the binding site of a receptor in atomistic detail and the remainder of the protein coarse-grained, with the whole system fully flexible. The present cross-docking study examined dozens of ligands, both agonists and antagonists, in the context of both active and inactive conformations of ER. Because our MRMC software performs conformational sampling as part of the docking procedure, we are able to extract extensive information about pose stability and alternative poses, including ligand interactions with the nominally “wrong” conformation (e.g., antagonists with the active conformation).
Antibacterial Effect of Whole Blood upon Strains of Staphylococci Sensitive and Resistant to Penicillin

Discussion and ConclusionsStrains of staphylococcus adapted to grow in the presence of the sulfonamides are just as invasive as other strains which are inhibited in growth by the sulfonamides. Whole, human blood has no greater bactericidal action on the sulfonamide-resistant strains than on the sulfonamide-sensitive strains. Strains of staphylococcus adapt themselves to grow in the presence of penicillin at a slower rate and to a lesser degree than is apparent for the sulfonamides. And probably of considerable clinical importance is that an increas d resistance to penicillin is accompanied by the development of strains which are more susceptible to the bactericidal action of whole blbod, and possibly to the other defense mecbanisms of the host.
LTA in the USA - Here's where it stands today

Lighter than air (LTA) vehicles were the first aircraft to fly and, until the disasters of the 1930s, were thought by many to be the primary mode of air transport. The history of LTA in the United States is briefly traced and the reasons for the current revival in interest are discussed. The focal point for this revival was the LTA Workshop hosted by M.I.T. under the joint sponsorship of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Navy, Federal Aviation Administration and Department of Transportation. The Workshop and its results are discussed in detail.
Relation of Methionine, Cystine and Choline to Renal Lesions Occurring on Low Choline Diets

In a previous report1 it was demonstrated that a severe pathological state characterized by hemorrhagic degeneration of the kidneys occurs within 10 days in young rats maintained on a low choline diet. This deficiency was prevented by choline. It was suggested that proteins relatively high in methionine and low in cystine possessed a choline-sparing action since the deficiency was produced more readily on diets containing fibrin than on those containing casein. Subsequent work has confirmed the earlier suggestion that choline might prevent the renal lesion resulting from the addition of cystine to a purified diet containing casein. Furthermore, it has been found that the addition of methionine to a diet containing fibrin completely protected the rats.Normal kidneys were found in 40 g rats fed the following diet for 10 days: casein, 15; salt mixture, 4; calcium carbonate, 1; codliver oil, 5; lard, 35; agar, 2; sucrose, 32, and yeast, 6. Hemorrhagic kidneys invariably occurred if 0.3% cystine was added but ...
Abstract 1401: Dietary selenium and metastasis in a mouse model

The skeleton is a common site for breast cancer metastasis. Once breast cancer cells enter the bone microenvironment, they alter the homeostasis of the bone remodeling system in favor of osteoclasts, which results in osteolysis. Breast cancer cells induce an osteoblast inflammatory response resulting in the production of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and COX-2, known to promote osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, down-regulation of the inflammatory response of the osteoblasts brought about by breast cancer cells may reduce the activation of osteoclasts and decrease osteolysis. IL-6, MCP-1, COX-2 are regulated by a common transcription factor, NF-κB which is sensitive to intracellular redox status; its activation can be inhibited by cellular antioxidant enzymes. Two major antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase are selenoenzymes. Their dependence on selenium (Se) offers a way to increase their expression and activity, block NF-κB activation and thus inhibit the expression of its target genes. The hypothesis was that inhibition of NF-κB through dietary selenium would prevent the osteoblast inflammatory response and metastasis. To test the effect of dietary selenium in breast cancer progression, one of five diets: three selenium supplementation diets (sodium selenite, selenomethionine, and methylseleninic acid) or a selenium-deficient or a selenium adequate diet was fed to Balb/c mice for 3 months before inoculation of a metastatic breast cancer cell line 4T1.2luc into the mammary gland. The growth and metastasis of the tumors were followed by IVIS imaging. After 4 weeks, organs were collected and prepared for Q-PCR analysis of the luciferase gene as an indicator of metastatic burden. There was no significant difference in the development or growth of the primary breast tumor and the metastatic patterns between mice receiving the selenium-deficient or selenium-adequate diets. On the other hand, selenium supplementation diets were shown to affect breast cancer progression differently. Mice with sodium selenite supplementation developed the most metastasis (15/15) and showed higher incidence of breast cancer kidney and bone metastasis. The selenomethionine supplementation diet (3ppm) reduced breast cancer primary tumor growth and decreased overall tumor burden in major organs, such as lung, liver, kidney and femur. Taken together, this study showed that dietary selenium affected tumor growth and metastasis and that the selenomethionine supplementation diet offered the most protective effect on breast cancer progression. Support: American Institute for Cancer Research with supplemental support from the National Foundation for Cancer Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1401. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1401
Linear rocket engines for advanced space transportation systems

The linear rocket engine is shown to be a viable candidate propulsion system for post-Space Shuttle single-stage-to-orbit systems. The linear engine system has been developed and fired demonstrating high performance and long life with firing durations exceeding 500 seconds. The application of the split or dual combustor to the linear engine permits the uses of two different propellant combinations in a single engine system. The split combustor possesses the advantages of the two position extendible bell nozzle in a fixed nozzle configuration. Engine power cycles and applications to typical vehicles are discussed.
Digital Punishment’s Tangled Web

Online mugshots and crime reports comprise an emerging—and sticky—form of extralegal punishment.
Purification and partial characterization of serum immunoglobulins from Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus,a species with high commercial value in north costal China,has been attacked by many diseases nowadays.Since it has an importance value both in theory and in practice usage,the immune system has been widely studied.In the last decade,it was well established that the teleost predominant immunoglobulins(Ig) have been shown to belong to a single class(IgM),and the studies on the teleost immune system have been benefited greatly from the production of poloclonal or monoclonal antibodies that have been used as specific markers.In this work,the purified Ig were isolated from serum of healthy flounder,and then used to produce polyclonal rabbit anti-flounder Ig antibody.The serum immunoglobulins of flounder were purified by means of Sephacryl-200 gel column chromatography and HiTrap rProtein A Sepharose affinity chromatography.The results showed that the immunoglobulins were precipitated in ammonium sulfate with saturation from 33% to 50%,with best effect in the 45% ammonium sulfate saturation.Both chromatography methods showed that there were two protein peaks and the immunoglobulins existed at the second peak that was detected by the dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) under reducing condition.Further analysis of the immunoglobulins showed that the molecular weight of flounder Ig was approximately 836kD,composing of one heavy chain weighing about 75.4kD,and two light chains weighing about 29.9kD and 28.2kD,respectively.A polyclonal rabbit against flounder antibody Ig was produced.The antiserum titer was evaluated in double immunodiffusion as 1:32 and in immunodotting assay as 1∶1600.Western blotting illuminated that the antibody had immunological activity by reaction with the heavy chain and light chains of flounder serum Ig and no cross-reaction with that of human.Western blotting proved the antiserum immunological specific activity and could be used in the further study on the immunolocatlisation of Ig-positive cells in lymphoid tissue of the flounder
Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in auditory, renal, and neuronal cells is associated with nitration and downregulation of LMO4

Cytotoxic effects of cisplatin occur primarily through apoptosis. Though several pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling molecules have been identified to play an important role in mediating the ototoxic, nephrotoxic, and neurotoxic side-effects of cisplatin, the underlying mechanism is yet to be fully characterized. We reported that nitration of LIM domain only 4 (LMO4), a transcriptional regulator, facilitates cochlear apoptosis in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. However, its role in cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity is poorly understood. Therefore, HK2, and SH-SY5Y cells were employed along with UBOC1 cells, to investigate the perturbations of LMO4 in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, in renal, neuronal, and auditory cells, respectively. Cisplatin induced an increase in the expression of active caspase-3, indicating cellular apoptosis, and increased the nitration of proteins, 24 h post-treatment. Immunostaining with anti-nitrotyrosine and anti-LMO4 indicated that nitrotyrosine co-localized with LMO4 protein in cisplatin treated cells. Immunoblotting with anti-LMO4 indicated that cisplatin induced a decrease in LMO4 protein levels. However, a corresponding decrease in LMO4 gene levels was not observed. Inhibition of protein nitration with SRI110, a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, attenuated cisplatin-induced downregulation of LMO4. More importantly, overexpression of LMO4 mitigated the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in UBOC1 cells while a dose-dependent decrease in LMO4 protein strongly correlated with cell viability in UBOC1, HK2, and SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, these findings suggested a potential role of LMO4 in facilitating the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in auditory, renal, and neuronal cells.
Measurements and Modeling of III--V Solar Cells at High Temperatures up to 400 ${}^{\circ}$ C

In this paper, we study the performance of 2.0 eV Al0.12Ga0.39In0.49P and 1.4 eV GaAs solar cells over a temperature range of 25–400 °C. The temperature-dependent ${J_{01}}$ and ${J_{02}}$ dark currents are extracted by fitting current–voltage measurements to a two-diode model. We find that the intrinsic carrier concentration ${n_i}$ dominates the temperature dependence of the dark currents, open-circuit voltage, and cell efficiency. To study the impact of temperature on the photocurrent and bandgap of the solar cells, we measure the quantum efficiency and illuminated current–voltage characteristics of the devices up to 400 °C. As the temperature is increased, we observe no degradation to the internal quantum efficiency and a decrease in the bandgap. These two factors drive an increase in the short-circuit current density at high temperatures. Finally, we measure the devices at concentrations ranging from ∼30 to 1500 suns and observe n = 1 recombination characteristics across the entire temperature range. These findings should be a valuable guide to the design of any system that requires high-temperature solar cell operation.
Abstract 3090: Molecular structure of the major G-quadruplex formed in the PDGFR-β promoter nuclease hypersensitivity element and its binding with small molecules

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β) is associated with multiple cancers, making PDGFR-β an attractive target for anticancer drugs. Few strategies other than molecular targeting of the PDGFR-β protein or its cognate ligand have been reported for developing inhibitors for the PDGFR-β signaling pathway. DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) formed in the GC-rich nuclease hypersensitivity element of the human PDGFR-β gene promoter have been found to inhibit PDGFR-β transcriptional activity, and stabilization of these G4s by small-molecule compounds could serve as a mechanism for cancer therapeutics. We have shown that the major G4 formed in the PDGFR-β promoter is from the central four G-runs, adopting an intramolecular parallel-stranded structure with a broken G-strand and contains three 1-nucleotide (nt) chain-reversal loops and one lateral loop. The novel folding of the PDGFR-β G4 highlights the inherent stability of the 1-nt loops in parallel-stranded G4 structures. Elucidating the structure of the major PDGFR-β promoter G4 is important for designing small-molecule drugs to specifically target this structure to inhibit gene transcription. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we have determined the potassium solution structure of this major G4 formed in the PDGFR-β promoter. Our structure showed a unique 3’ capping structure involving three guanine nucleotides in the lateral loop. This novel capping structure is determined by the specific loop sequence as well as the broken-stranded PDGFR-β G4 folding pattern. The unique 3’ capping structure could be specifically recognized by proteins and small molecule ligands. Unrestrained molecular dynamic calculations showed that this major PDGFR-β G4 and its 3’ capping structure are stable in aqueous environment on the ns time-scale. We also investigated the binding of small-molecules to the PDGFR-β G4 using a combination of NMR, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence based methods to identify compounds that can selectively bind the PDGFR-β G4 over other classic parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes, such as the c-MYC promoter G4. Our study demonstrates the structural diversity in promoter G4s which may enable specific recognition and the modulation of gene expression by small-molecule drugs. Citation Format: Clement Lin, Prashansa Agrawal, Yuwei Chen, Salil Kalarn, Nanjie Deng, Laurence Hurley, Danzhou Yang. Molecular structure of the major G-quadruplex formed in the PDGFR-β promoter nuclease hypersensitivity element and its binding with small molecules. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3090.
Personal Effectiveness, Organizational Culture and Work-Related Stress among Teachers

The aim of the study was to observe whether there is a relationship between personal effectiveness, organizational culture and work-related stress among teachers. The study also aimed to observe the difference between teachers working in different institutions (viz., CBSE, ISC, UG, & PG) with respect to the same. Personal Effectiveness Scale – Teachers (Pareek, 2001), Organizational Culture Profile (Pareek, 2003) and Stress Indicator Tool (Kelly, 2004) were administered to a sample of 320 teachers working in CBSE schools (n=80); ISC schools (n=80); under-graduate colleges (n=80); and post-graduate colleges (n=80) who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Results indicated significant differences between teachers working in different institutions with respect to the dimensions of organizational culture (p<0.05). The teachers working in CBSE institutions reported more favourable perception of their organizational culture than those working in ISC, UG or PG institutions. Results also indicated that significant correlations were observed between the dimensions of self-disclosure, proaction, authenticity and confrontation (p<0.05) among the CBSE, ISC, UG, and PG teachers. This study highlights the importance of periodic self-assessment to enhance effective work performance of teachers thereby improving the productivity and work culture of the educational organization.
26.7 A 10mm3 syringe-implantable near-field radio system on glass substrate

We present a millimeter-scale near-field radio system for ultra-low-power (ULP) healthcare sensor nodes. It is specifically designed for ‘syringe implantation’ which minimizes invasiveness of implantation. Designing a millimeter-scale wireless node for implanted healthcare is challenging because: 1) the antenna is constrained to the diameter of the syringe needle, which significantly constrains the link distance through RF. 2) The energy/power are strictly limited by the millimeter-scale form-factor where thin-film batteries can source only 10cm distance, their high power consumption (45mW [3]) and/or large antenna size (2.3cm×2.4cm [4]) make them impractical for implanted healthcare applications.
Unusual Glomus Tumor of the Penis.

Introduction: Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms commonly found in subungual regions of the extremities and rarely located in the penis. Misdiagnosis of glomus tumors is common; therefore, symptoms and clinical presentations should be reviewed. Objective: The primary objective of this review article is to emphasize the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods of glomus tumors in order to better identify and manage the condition. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted using PubMed/Medline. The inclusion criteria required glomus tumor to be present on the penis. Results: Glomus tumors, which appear as symptomatic or asymptomatic lesions, are attributed to dispersion grouping of neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions in a particular area. Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of glomus tumors includes hemangiomas, neurofibromatosis, epithelial lesions, and spindle-cell lesions. Physical examination and histological findings should be used for diagnosis. Treatment options can be either conservative or invasive, in which the patient undergoes surgical excision.
On the Globality of Motor Suppression: Unexpected Events and Their Influence on Behavior and Cognition

Unexpected events are part of everyday experience. They come in several varieties—action errors, unexpected action outcomes, and unexpected perceptual events—and they lead to motor slowing and cognitive distraction. While different varieties of unexpected events have been studied largely independently, and many different mechanisms are thought to explain their effects on action and cognition, we suggest a unifying theory. We propose that unexpected events recruit a fronto-basal-ganglia network for stopping. This network includes specific prefrontal cortical nodes and is posited to project to the subthalamic nucleus, with a putative global suppressive effect on basal-ganglia output. We argue that unexpected events interrupt action and impact cognition, partly at least, by recruiting this global suppressive network. This provides a common mechanistic basis for different types of unexpected events; links the literatures on motor inhibition, performance monitoring, attention, and working memory; and is relevant for understanding clinical symptoms of distractibility and mental inflexibility.
Wnt-β Catenin Signaling Pathway: A Major Player in the Injury Induced Fibrosis and Dysfunction of the External Anal Sphincter.

Wnt-β catenin is an important signaling pathway in the genesis of fibrosis in many organ systems. Our goal was to examine the role of Wnt pathway in the external anal sphincter (EAS) injury-related fibrosis and muscle dysfunction. New Zealand White female rabbits were subjected to surgical EAS myotomy and administered local injections of either a Wnt antagonist (sFRP-2; daily for 7 days) or saline. Anal canal pressure and EAS length-tension (L-T) were measured for 15 weeks after which the animals were sacrificed. Anal canal was harvested and processed for histochemical studies (Masson trichrome stain), molecular markers of fibrosis (collagen and transforming growth factor-β) and immunostaining for β catenin. Surgical myotomy of the EAS resulted in significant impairment in anal canal pressure and EAS muscle L-T function. Following myotomy, the EAS muscle was replaced with fibrous tissue. Immunostaining revealed β catenin activation and molecular studies revealed 1.5–2 fold increase in the levels of markers of fibrosis. Local injection of sFRP-2 attenuated the β catenin activation and fibrosis. EAS muscle content and function was significantly improved following sFRP-2 treatment. Our studies suggest that upregulation of Wnt signaling is an important molecular mechanism of injury related EAS muscle fibrosis and sphincter dysfunction.
Humanities, Democracy and the Politics of Knowledge in Higher Education

This chapter is divided into three somewhat disjointed parts. I have not tried to create artificial transitions. The first section is an edited transcript of only part of what actually happened at the podium. The second part is something like a prepared paper. The third part is answers to a series of questions generated by the abstract I had sent. I have not deleted all repetitions. I wanted to keep the aura of the classroom.
Electro-analgesia for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient: Calmare Pain Mitigation Therapy

Chronic pain has become a lead cause of morbidity and in many cases inadvertent death worldwide. Calmare Pain Mitigation Therapy™ (Scrambler Therapy) is a new and novel approach to resolve this widespread and debilitating neuro-inflammatory condition. It is a noninvasive modality that utilizes a new theory model, which implies that chronic pain exists because of a failure of the peripheral C-fiber receptors to communicate to the CNS the signal of tissue repair. In essence, information transmitted to the CNS is erroneous and eventually causes a disruption of homeostasis in the brain. This chapter will introduce this therapy’s principles and practices, origins, and mechanism of action. Furthermore, it will explain Calmare’s basic fundamental principle, applications, and techniques.
Random Utility Representations of Binary Choice Probabilities

One way to model probabilistic choices is by postulating the existence of a random variable for each alternative, representing its “utility”. This model turns out to be equivalent to one in which the choice probabilities are generated by a probability distribution on the collection of all rankings of the alternatives. The problem of finding necessary and sufficient conditions for such a representation is investigated for the case where only pairwise choices are given. A couple of new necessary conditions are derived, one generalizing a previously known condition.
Analysis of Laminated Composite Shell Structures with Piezoelectric Components

The investigation being reported is concerned with the development and applications of a layerwise hybrid strain based lower-order flat triangular laminated composite shell finite element with distributed piezoelectric components. This shell element has three nodes and is formed by stacking a lower-order flat triangular shell element with piezoelectric effects. In every node there are seven degrees of freedom (dof). These include three translational dof, three rotational dof, and one electric potential dof. The important drilling dof (ddof) is included in every node. The degenerated three dimensional solid assumption and the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) were adopted. Thus, shear and membrane lockings are eliminated. This feature is superior to those elements applying the displacement formulation. Explicit expressions for the consistent element mass and stiffness matrices as well as loading vectors were obtained by using the symbolic algebraic package, MAPLE V so that it reduces considerably the computational time as opposed to those employing numerical matrix inversion and numerical integration for the derivation of element matrices. Computed results for static and free vibration analysis of a bimorph beam with sensors and actuators, and a semi-circular cylindrical laminated composite ring with piezoelectric components are included to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present shell finite element.
Generating Small, Accurate Acoustic Models with a Modified Bayesian Information Criterion

Although Gaussian mixture models are commonly used in acoustic models for speech recognition, there is no standard method for determining the number of mixture components. Most models arbitrarily assign the number of mixture components with little justification. While model selection techniques with a mathematical derivation, such as the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), have been applied, these criteria focus on properly modeling the true distribution of individual tied-states (senones) without considering the entire acoustic model; this leads to suboptimal speech recognition performance. In this paper we present a method to generate statistically-justified acoustic models that consider inter-senone effects by modifying the BIC. Experimental results in the CMU Communicator domain show that in contrast to previous strategies, the new method generates not only attractively smaller acoustic models, but also ones with lower word error rate.
2-Methylisoborneol disposition in three strains of catfish: absence of biotransformation.

2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) and structurally related terpenoid compounds are responsible for millions of dollars of lost revenue to catfish farmers. In an attempt to determine enzymatic pathways of biotransformation and elimination of MIB, the in vitro metabolism of MIB was examined in the Ulvade strain of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities were observed and correlated with expression of specific isoforms (i.e. steroid hydroxylation and CYP3A expression), no metabolites of MIB were observed. To determine whether extrahepatic biotransformation may be occurring the in vivo metabolism and disposition of 14C-MIB was examined in Uvalde, USDA-103 channel catfish, and a channel catfish X blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) hybrid species. Confirming in vitro hepatic studies, no metabolites were observed in plasma from animals treated with an intra-arterial dose of 14C-MIB. 14C-MIB elimination was predicted using a two compartment model in each strain of fish. There was no significant difference in terminal half-lives between strains but possible differences in total body clearance and apparent volumes of distribution which may be related to higher lipid content in the hybrids. Results of these studies indicate biotransformation has no involvement in MIB elimination and that other physiological processes may play a more significant role in MIB disposition within Ictalurid fish species.
Control of Feedback from Abnormal Stereotyped Behaviors

This paper was presented at a conference entitled, “The Development of Control, Coordination and Skill in the Mentally Handicapped”, September 28-29, 1984, held at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland. The conference was supported by the NICHD and the National Institute for Handicapped Research and research reported in the paper was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 15008). Arnold Rincover commented on a draft of the paper. We are indebted also to the parents, teachers, and children who participated in the research.
Variation in diagnostic testing for older patients with syncope in the emergency department.

Abstract Background Older adults presenting with syncope often undergo intensive diagnostic testing with unclear benefit. We determined the variation, frequency, yield, and costs of tests obtained to evaluate older persons with syncope. Methods We conducted a prospective, multicenter observational cohort study in 11 academic emergency departments in the United States of 3686 patients aged ≥60 years presenting with syncope or presyncope. We measured the frequency, variation, yield, and costs (based on Medicare payment tables) of diagnostic tests performed at the index visit. Results While most study rates were similar across sites, some were notably discordant (e.g., carotid ultrasound: mean 9.5%, range 1.1% to 49.3%). The most frequently-obtained diagnostic tests were initial troponin (88.6%), chest x-ray (75.1%), head CT (42.5%) and echocardiogram (35.5%). The yield or proportion of abnormal findings by diagnostic test ranged from 1.9% (electrocardiogram) to 42.0% (coronary angiography). Among the most common tests, echocardiogram had the highest proportion of abnormal results at 22.1%. Echocardiogram was an outlier in total cost at $672,648, and had a cost per abnormal test of $3129. Conclusion Variation in diagnostic testing in older patients presenting with syncope exists. The yield and cost per abnormal result for common tests obtained to evaluate syncope are also highly variable. Selecting tests based on history and examination while also prioritizing less resource intensive and higher yield tests may ensure a more informed and cost-effective approach to evaluating older patients with syncope.
Deep Neural Network Model and FPGA Accelerator Co-Design: Opportunities and Challenges

With an explosive growth of various neural network algorithms, their high performance implementations on hardware platforms, such as GPUs and FPGAs, are becoming critical as well. Compared to widely used GPUs, FPGAs are considered to be harder for design and optimization even with the help of High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools. However, recent studies have shown that FPGAs can outperform GPUs in speed and power/energy efficiency; both factors are important in machine learning applications. In this paper, we will discuss a simultaneous DNN and hardware accelerator co-design method to push the DNN performance on FPGAs. We first summarize existing techniques and results along this direction, and then propose new ideas to further improve DNN development productivity and design quality. Finally we discuss the challenges we would face and propose some potential solutions.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic impact of MET receptor overexpression in patients with stage I-IIIA squamous cell lung carcinomas (SQCLCs).

7570 Background: MET is an oncogenic driver involved in cellular proliferation, survival, and invasion (Rong et al, PNAS 1994) and has been identified as a therapeutic target in some patients with ...
Factors Predicating Loss to Follow-Up With Rescreening in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs:

Most infants born in the United States are screened for hearing loss prior to hospital discharge in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs; however, many infants who do not pass t...
Exploring entropy for continuous vibrating systems using modal decomposition and truncation

Abstract This paper examines the concept of entropy for continuous systems undergoing simple harmonic oscillation. The paper begins with a discussion of entropy in the context of vibrating structural systems, including the constraints and assumptions of the Khinchin definition of entropy. Then, it is shown that the Khinchin entropy can be applied to vibrating continuous systems using modal analysis and under weak coupling condition. It is shown that under these conditions the results obtained for continuous systems are consistent with those obtained for discrete oscillators. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate these findings. The governing equations for these systems are derived using the Lagrangian method, and solved using the Galerkin method.
Prostatic Artery Embolization for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Patient Evaluation, Anatomy, and Technique for Successful Treatment.

Prostatic artery embolization is emerging as an effective and safe treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Effect of Muscle Quality on Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears.

Background:Rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration are predictors of negative outcomes after rotator cuff repair. However, the impact of muscle degeneration on nonsurgical treatment is u...
Women With Overactive Bladder Exhibit More Unhealthy Toileting Behaviors: A Cross-sectional Study.

Abstract Objective To determine whether women overactive bladder symptoms would report more frequent unhealthy toileting behaviors. Methods A community-based sample of adult women were electronically recruited to complete the Toileting Behavior Scale and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Overactive Bladder module, as well as clinical and demographic questionnaires. The associations between overactive bladder and toileting behavior subscales were assessed as continuous variables using Spearman's rank correlation and as dichotomous variables with multivariable logistic regression. Results Of the 6,562 adult women included in the analytic sample, 1,059 (16.1%) were classified as having overactive bladder. Of the toileting behavior subscales, convenience voiding had the highest, positive association with overactive bladder score (r = 0.301, p Conclusions OAB symptoms were associated with specific toileting behaviors of convenience voiding, delayed voiding, straining to void, and position preference. Further investigation is needed to determine if toileting behaviors are a risk factor for OAB or a compensatory adaptation to mitigate symptoms.
Designing Trustworthy AI: A Human-Machine Teaming Framework to Guide Development

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise to empower us with knowledge and augment our effectiveness. We can -- and must -- ensure that we keep humans safe and in control, particularly with regard to government and public sector applications that affect broad populations. How can AI development teams harness the power of AI systems and design them to be valuable to humans? Diverse teams are needed to build trustworthy artificial intelligent systems, and those teams need to coalesce around a shared set of ethics. There are many discussions in the AI field about ethics and trust, but there are few frameworks available for people to use as guidance when creating these systems. The Human-Machine Teaming (HMT) Framework for Designing Ethical AI Experiences described in this paper, when used with a set of technical ethics, will guide AI development teams to create AI systems that are accountable, de-risked, respectful, secure, honest, and usable. To support the team's efforts, activities to understand people's needs and concerns will be introduced along with the themes to support the team's efforts. For example, usability testing can help determine if the audience understands how the AI system works and complies with the HMT Framework. The HMT Framework is based on reviews of existing ethical codes and best practices in human-computer interaction and software development. Human-machine teams are strongest when human users can trust AI systems to behave as expected, safely, securely, and understandably. Using the HMT Framework to design trustworthy AI systems will provide support to teams in identifying potential issues ahead of time and making great experiences for humans.
Mirrorless Optical Bistability Using the Local Field Correction

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the problem of optical bistability1. Most experimental and theoretical work has concentrated on Fabry-Perot devices2. In addition, there has been an interest in devices using self-focusing concepts3. In this paper we consider the question of whether one can dispense with optical paraphenalia altogether, and make an optically-bistable device out of the material system alone.
Internalizing Symptoms as Predictors of School Absenteeism Severity at Multiple Levels: Ensemble and Classification and Regression Tree Analysis

School attendance problems are highly prevalent worldwide, leading researchers to investigate many different risk factors for this population. Of considerable controversy is how internalizing behavior problems might help to distinguish different types of youth with school attendance problems. In addition, efforts are ongoing to identify the point at which children and adolescents move from appropriate school attendance to problematic school absenteeism. The present study utilized ensemble and classification and regression tree analysis to identify potential internalizing behavior risk factors among youth at different levels of school absenteeism severity (i.e., 1+%, 3+%, 5+%, 10+%). Higher levels of absenteeism were also examined on an exploratory basis. Participants included 160 youth aged 6-19 years (M = 13.7; SD = 2.9) and their families from an outpatient therapy clinic (39.4%) and community (60.6%) setting, the latter from a family court and truancy diversion program cohort. One particular item relating to lack of enjoyment was most predictive of absenteeism severity at different levels, though not among the highest levels. Other internalizing items were also predictive of various levels of absenteeism severity, but only in a negatively endorsed fashion. Internalizing symptoms of worry and fatigue tended to be endorsed higher across less severe and more severe absenteeism severity levels. A general expectation that predictors would tend to be more homogeneous at higher than lower levels of absenteeism severity was not generally supported. The results help confirm the difficulty of conceptualizing this population based on forms of behavior but may support the need for early warning sign screening for youth at risk for school attendance problems.
OBSERVATION OF ANOMALOUS LONG-RANGE ALPHA PARTICLES AND THEIR POSSIBLE CONNECTION TO SUPERHEAVY MATTER

Investigations have been made of rare low-energy processes in nuclear emulsion plates located at great depths underground, where the cosmic-ray background is negligible. A search of the emulsions was made for tracks of particles having ranges greater than those associated with natural radioactive materials. Seven tracks were found which had ranges greater than 100 microns. In each case, the long-range particle came from the glass backing of the emulsion plate. The glass and its constituent elements were studied using counter techniques. The possible connection between the long-range particles and giant halos or superheavy elements is considered.
Biosurfactants: Formulations, properties, and applications

Abstract In this review, we attempt to give an overview on the recent progress made on biosurfactants, surface-active biomolecules produced by microorganisms, which are a sustainable alternative to synthetic surfactants. Different biosurfactants, their production techniques, and their physical and chemical properties are discussed. There is a focus on recent studies related to surface properties and rheology of biosurfactants, both being properties which affect their ability to take part in a stable formulation. Biosurfactants can have applications in multiple different industrial sectors, such as agriculture, medicine, personal care, food, petroleum, etc. The specific properties important for applications in these sectors are discussed in detail.