cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplified transient-IPR modeling in intermittent gas-lift and plunger-lift systems

Abstract By solving the diffusivity equation on a periodic varying production problem, one can arrive at a transient inflow-performance relationship (IPR) model. This IPR model can then be coupled with a wellbore model to understand intermittent deliverability from wells with an artificial-lift system (ALS), such as periodic gas lift and plunger lift. The commercial simulators allowed verification of model results and field data validated the solution approach. In essence, we proposed a new alternative method to obtain the Bessel functions for the proposed transient-IPR method to minimize the undulations associated with the existing solutions. For verification of this simplified IPR modeling approach, we first attempted to replicate two-step flow rates with shut-in periods, such as those associated with a transient flow test. The model successfully reproduced those transient pressure profiles obtained from a rigorous superposition approach, generated with an analytical model. Thereafter, we replicated the results of a coupled wellbore/reservoir model for a gas-lift well, using a numerical simulator. The difference between the results of rigorous simulators and our simplified transient-IPR model turned out to be well within engineering accuracy. Field data from two plunger lift operations validated the transient-IPR model presented in this study. We observed that a smaller period of oscillation translates into a more significant error between the traditional steady-state IPR model and the actual transient-IPR model. This finding suggested the need for the accuracy of the transient-IPR model in ALS to express the realistic rates and pressures. By capturing the essence of transient behavior, we can combat downhole tool failures arising from large pressure fluctuations or issues with surface metering due to higher than expected rates.
Integrative Family Counseling

The use of integrative models in family, marriage, and individual counseling continues to show promising therapeutic results. The basic concept of theoretical integration involves a purposeful comb...
CHAPTER 6:Egg Protein in Sports Nutrition

Dietary protein, in particular, is related to various processes, such as muscle remodeling, augmenting glycogen re-synthesis under certain conditions, energy production and maintenance of non-muscle structural tissues, all of which impact physical performance. More importantly, provision of adequate and high-quality protein after a bout of exercise supports the whole-body and the muscle adaptive response to exercise. As such, protein recommendations for athletes have been shown to be higher than what is recommended for the general public and are estimated to be ∼1.2 to 2.0 g−1 kg body weight−1 day−1. In terms of meeting these protein recommendations, isolated protein supplements are commonly ingested by athletes. The popularity of isolated protein sources among athletes can be primarily attributed to convenience as opposed to being superior in terms of stimulating an exercise-adaptive response when compared to protein-dense food ingestion. However, there are limited studies available on the effect of post-exercise ingestion of protein-rich whole food as compared to protein supplements. In the sports nutrition realm, the potential of protein-rich and nutrient-dense whole foods such as eggs has yet to be fully examined. However, given the robust nutritional profile, low cost and culinary versatility of eggs, athletes would benefit from including these in their usual diet and/or as a targeted post-exercise nutritional strategy.
A pyrophosphatase-coupled assay to monitor the NTase activity of cGAS.

Abstract Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, cGAS, converts ATP and GTP into a cyclic dinucleotide second messenger, cyclic GMP-AMP or cGAMP, through its enzymatic, nucleotidyl transferase (NTase) activity. Although many methods are available to directly measure cGAMP production, these assays often have high cost of implementation and/or experimental limitations. This chapter details how to implement an alternative approach that is relatively inexpensive, accurate and medium-throughput. The assay measures cGAS NTase activity by quantifying pyrophosphate production, a byproduct of the cGAS reaction. A coupling enzyme, pyrophosphatase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate into inorganic phosphate, which enables facile detection of cGAS activity through conventional phosphomolybdate-malachite green absorbance methodology. This method is amenable for conventional steady-state kinetic measurements as well as high-throughput compound screening.
Sea People: The Puzzle of Polynesia

Christina Thompson. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2019. xvi and 365 pp., maps, photos, sketches, notes, index. $29.99 cloth (ISBN 978-0-06-206087-7); $26.58 paper (ISBN 978-0-00-833902-3); $14.99 el...
Determining resource requirements for elections using indifference-zone generalized binary search

Abstract Election lines are more than a nuisance. In recent elections, needing to wait in lines deterred hundreds of thousands from voting and likely changed the winner in multiple cases. Part of the challenge is that even after the voter reaches the front of the line in some locations, it can require more than ten or twenty minutes to cast a ballot. Moreover, the ballot in one precinct might be twice the length of another precinct's in the same county because of additional referenda and levies. We consider the decision problem faced by election officials and other leaders: How many resources (poll books, workers, booths, or voting machines) should be allocated to each location so that lines can reasonably be expected to be minimal? We formulate a simulation optimization problem to identify the combinations that minimize resource requirements while guaranteeing acceptable user-defined service levels. We propose an Indifference Zone Generalized Binary Search (IZGBS) method with rigorous assurances on solution quality, and demonstrate it using the 2016 presidential election. In that election, we describe how the methods helped to reduce waiting times by more than three hours in at least one location affecting thousands of voters and likely increasing turnout.
A note on Murakami’s theorems and incomplete social choice without the Pareto principle

In Arrovian social choice theory assuming the independence of irrelevant alternatives, Murakami (Logic and social choice, Dover Publications, New York, 1968) proved two theorems about complete and transitive collective choice rules satisfying strict non-imposition (citizens’ sovereignty), one being a dichotomy theorem about Paretian or anti-Paretian rules and the other a dictator-or-inverse-dictator impossibility theorem without the Pareto principle. It has been claimed in the later literature that a theorem of Malawski and Zhou (Soc Choice Welf 11(2):103–107, 1994) is a generalization of Murakami’s dichotomy theorem and that Wilson’s impossibility theorem (J Econ Theory 5(3):478–486, 1972) is stronger than Murakami’s impossibility theorem, both by virtue of replacing Murakami’s assumption of strict non-imposition with the assumptions of non-imposition and non-nullness. In this note, we first point out that these claims are incorrect: non-imposition and non-nullness are together equivalent to strict non-imposition for all transitive collective choice rules. We then generalize Murakami’s dichotomy and impossibility theorems to the setting of incomplete social preference. We prove that if one drops completeness from Murakami’s assumptions, his remaining assumptions imply (i) that a collective choice rule is either Paretian, anti-Paretian, or dis-Paretian (unanimous individual preference implies noncomparability) and (ii) that adding proposed constraints on noncomparability, such as the regularity axiom of Eliaz and Ok (Games Econ Behav 56:61–86, 2006), restores Murakami’s dictator-or-inverse-dictator result.
Complementary Oligonucleotide Conjugated Multicolor Carbon Dots for Intracellular Recognition of Biological Events

By using complementary DNA sequences as surface ligands, we selectively allow two individual diffusing "dual-color" carbon dots to interact in situ and in vitro. Spontaneous nanoscale oxidation of surface-abundant nitroso-/nitro-functionalities leads to two distinctly colored carbon dots (CD) which are isolated by polarity driven chromatographic separation. Green- and red-emitting carbon dots (gCD and rCD) were decorated by complementary single-stranded DNAs which produce a marked increase in the fluorescence emission of the respective carbon dots. Mutual colloidal interactions are achieved through hybridization of complementary DNA base pairs attached to the respective particles, resulting in quenching of their photoluminescence. The observed post-hybridization quenching is presumably due to a combined effect from an aggregation of CDs post duplex DNA formation and close proximity of multicolored CDs, having overlapped spectral regions leading to a nonradiative energy transfer process possibly released as heat. This strategy may contribute to the rational design of mutually interacting carbon dots for a better control over the resulting assembly structure for studying different biological phenomenon including molecular cytogenetics. One of the newly synthesized CDs was successfully used to image intracellular location of GAPDH mRNA using an event of change in fluorescence intensity (FI) of CDs. This selectivity was introduced by conjugating an oligonucleotide harboring complementary sequence to GAPDH mRNA. FI of this conjugated carbon dot, rCD-GAPDH, was also found to decrease in the presence of Ca2+, varied in relation to H+ concentrations, and could serve as a tool to quantify the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and pH value (H+) which can give important information about cell survival. Therefore, CD-oligonucleotide conjugates could serve as efficient probes for cellular events and interventions.
MiabNET: Message-in-a-bottle Protocol for MANET.

In this short paper, we propose MiabNET, a reactive protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). This protocol leverages the concept of "message-in-a-bottle" to spread the routing information though the entire network. The idea of the protocol is briefly described as below: if a node would like to find a route to a destination node not in the routing table, it will initialize a bottle and send this bottle to \textbf{a random one} of its neighbors. If this neighbor does not have the route to the destination, it will send the bottle to one of its random neighbors as well, until the bottle reaches the destination node.
Multi-objective optimization with an integrated electromagnetics and beam dynamics workflow

Abstract In particle accelerators, RF cavities are used to accelerate charged particle beams to designed high energy for physical applications. In a typical accelerator design, the optimization of RF cavities and the optimization of beam dynamics are carried out in separate studies. For a more general and unrestricted accelerator design, a coupled optimization of the RF cavities and the beam parameters is required. For this coupled optimization problem, we have developed an integrated electromagnetics and beam dynamics workflow management system. Within this system, the geometries for a set of cavity components are first adjusted; the field modes are then computed with an electromagnetics program, and imported into a beam dynamics program for beam dynamics simulation. This workflow is encapsulated into a parallel multi-objective optimizer to achieve the integrated accelerator design optimization. A multi fidelity strategy is developed to improve the speed of the optimizer. This integrated global optimization capability is illustrated using a photoinjector design example and yields an improved design.
Sub-Setting Algorithm for Training Data Selection in Pattern Recognition.

Modern pattern recognition tasks use complex algorithms that take advantage of large datasets to make more accurate predictions than traditional algorithms such as decision trees or k-nearest-neighbor better suited to describe simple structures. While increased accuracy is often crucial, less complexity also has value. This paper proposes a training data selection algorithm that identifies multiple subsets with simple structures. A learning algorithm trained on such a subset can classify an instance belonging to the subset with better accuracy than the traditional learning algorithms. In other words, while existing pattern recognition algorithms attempt to learn a global mapping function to represent the entire dataset, we argue that an ensemble of simple local patterns may better describe the data. Hence the sub-setting algorithm identifies multiple subsets with simple local patterns by identifying similar instances in the neighborhood of an instance. This motivation has similarities to that of gradient boosted trees but focuses on the explainability of the model that is missing for boosted trees. The proposed algorithm thus balances accuracy and explainable machine learning by identifying a limited number of subsets with simple structures. We applied the proposed algorithm to the international stroke dataset to predict the probability of survival. Our bottom-up sub-setting algorithm performed on an average 15% better than the top-down decision tree learned on the entire dataset. The different decision trees learned on the identified subsets use some of the previously unused features by the whole dataset decision tree, and each subset represents a distinct population of data.
Biochemical basis for the differential effects of deoxycoformycin on human leukemias.

T-cell and null cell lines cultured in vitro are more sensitive to 2′-deoxycoformycin (DCF), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), plus 2′-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) than are B-cell lines1,2. The malignant, monoclonal cells of leukemia patients span a wide range of immunological types. This study compares the sensitivity of the various immunologic subtypes of leukemic cells to DCF plus dAdo and investigates the biochemical basis of the differential sensitivity. The information obtained may be of value in identifying the subtypes of leukemia that respond clinically to this drug.
Cryogenic properties of aluminum alloys and composites

Several aluminum-based materials have been evaluated for possible application at cryogenic temperatures. These included the Al-Li alloy 2090, a high purity mechanically alloyed Al, SiC whisker reinforced Al 2124, and SiC particulate reinforced Al 6061. Mechanical properties, thermal properties and electrical properties were measured for these materials. Their performance in a radio frequency cavity was also determined. 4 refs., 6 figs.
Young adult children of divorced parents: Depression and the perception of loss.

Results of a questionnaire study of the long-term effects of divorce in young adults of divorced parents indicate that depression is related to the young adult's perception of the parents, rather than to the divorce itself. Specifically, when the non-custodial parent is perceived as "lost," the young adult is more depressed. When a divorce occurs, the perception of the non-custodial father has been shown to change in a negative direction, while the perception of the mother (whether custodial or non-custodial) remains relatively stable. These results have implications for intervention.
The Tryptic Digestion of S-Aminoethylated Ribonuclease

Abstract The peptides produced by the tryptic digestion of S-aminoethylated bovine pancreatic ribonuclease support the generally accepted amino acid sequence for this enzyme and also demonstrate the usefulness as well as some special limitations of the aminoethylation procedure. The relative extents of hydrolysis at different peptide bonds were estimated from the yields of purified peptides. Under the conditions used here for tryptic hydrolysis the approximate cleavage of arginyl and lysyl bonds was estimated at 83%, while the corresponding cleavage of aminoethylcysteinyl bonds averaged 56%. Exceptions to these generalizations included the very limited cleavage of lysyl and aminoethylcysteinyl bonds which were adjacent to other basic amino acid residues, and, of course, the negligible splitting of the lysyl proline bond and the amino-terminal lysyl glutamic acid bond. The extent of cleavage at aminoethylcysteinyl bonds appeared to show greater variability than that at lysyl and arginyl bonds.
Quantum oscillations in a topological insulator Bi 2 Te 2 Se with large bulk resistivity (6 Ω cm)

Abstract We report the observation of prominent Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations in a Topological Insulator, Bi2Te2Se, with large bulk resistivity ( 6 Ω cm at 4 K). By fitting the SdH oscillations, we infer a large metallicity parameter k F l =41, with a surface mobility ( μ s ∼ 2800 cm 2 / V s ) much larger than the bulk mobility ( μ b ∼ 50 cm 2 / V s ). The plot of the index fields B ν vs. filling factor ν shows a 1 2 - shift , consistent with massless, Dirac states.
Quo Vadis? Quine’s Web, Kuhn’s Revolutions, and Baert’s “Way Forward”

50 years concerns the cautionary tales told by (among others) W. V. O. Quine and Thomas Kuhn regarding "progress" with respect to epistemological or scientific inquiry. The caution in both cases involves fundamentally the same point: absent a metric of epistemic goodness that provides determinate indices of improvement upon a prior theory or advancement towards a better one, talk of progress proves empty. Quine's web of belief and Kuhn's incommensurable paradigm shifts pose alternatives to their predecessors' optimistic accounts of belief change (either individual or collective), viz., ones that portray changes of belief as logical/rational alterations of specific theoretical inferences as a consequence of particular experiences. Without reasons for epistemic optimism, e.g., a method for vouchsaf ing the rational attunement of beliefs to experience, any directional account of knowledge becomes quite mysterious. This presents a special challenge to those still wishing to chart a "way forward." In addition to puzzles about direction of change, Quine and Kuhn bequeath not unrelated puzzles regarding how to assign a determinate epistemic sense to notions such as theory and presupposition. The senses to be spurned include at least those that engender methodological dogmas about testability, implication, verification, and falsification?in short, those tied to the type of naturalism that Baert rejects. In sum, positivists held dear very well structured notions of theory and presupposition. For positivists, presuppositions just were what analytic statements provided; those statements designated analytic mark the cut between what belongs to a theoretical framework as opposed to what can be derived from that framework. But once one repudiates accounts of a logically determinate relation between beliefs
Introduction to Databases

This chapter covers the basic concepts of database design followed by implementation of a specific relational database to illustrate the concepts. It discusses what are databases and database programs? various approaches to developing a Database, and relational data model and entity‐relationship model. A modern day database is a structured collection of data stored in a computer. File processing system is a precursor of the integrated database approach. A better alternative to a file processing system is an integrated database approach. Database development process may follow a classical Systems Development Life Cycle. The chapter utilizes a sample database CSE_DEPT to illustrate some essential database concepts. After identifying tables, attributes, and relationships, the next logical step in database design is to make sure that the database structure is optimum. Optimum structure is achieved by eliminating redundancies, various inefficiencies, and update and deletion anomalies that usually occur in the unnormalized or partially normalized databases.
Interactivity and Persuasion

ABSTRACTThe recent arrival of interactive messaging/marketing units (IMUs) begs the question: Does interacting with an advertisement enhance its persuasive appeal? How does interactivity compare with other structural features of online ads such as animation and ad shape? A 3 (Interactivity: Low, Medium, High) × 2 (Animation: Animated, Static) × 2 (Ad Shape: Banner, Square) fully-crossed factorial within-participants experiment was conducted to explore these questions. All participants (N = 48) were exposed to 12 news-article Web pages, with one ad in each of them. Results show not only that the level of interactivity is positively associated with ad and product attitudes, but also that it interacts with animation and ad shape in complex ways to influence the persuasion process.
Modeling of damage sensing in fiber composites using carbon nanotube networks

Abstract This paper presents the modeling of damage sensing in [0°/90°] s cross-ply glass fiber composites using embedded carbon nanotube network. The wavy nanotubes are distributed in the polymer matrix between fibers and their contact resistances are modeled considering the electrical tunneling effect. The effective electrical resistance of the percolating nanotube network is calculated by considering nanotube matrix resistors and employing the finite element method for electrical circuits. The entire deformation process of the composite, from initial loading to final failure, is simulated by using the finite element method for two-dimensional stress analyses. The deformation and damage induced resistance change is identified in each loading step. The results demonstrate that the current simulation model captures the essential parameters affecting the electrical resistance of nanotube networks, which can serve as an efficient tool for structural health monitoring of fiber composites.
On a problem of Erdös concerning a 3-coloring of the unit sphere

A slight variation of a problem posed by P. Erdos asks: ''Can the points on the unit sphere be colored with three colors so that every inscribed equilateral triangle of side @/3 has a vertex of each color?''. We show that no such 3-coloring is possible.
Sodium bentonite-based coatings containing starch for protecting structures in wildfire emergency situations

Abstract Coating materials were developed as a means of protecting structures from fires in emergency situations. Sodium bentonite (SB) gel and foam coatings were evaluated in burn tests for their ability to protect a sample of commercial lap siding from intense heat (42 kW/m 2 ). Starch was added to some treatments to determine whether it stabilized the coating and prevented vertical slumping. A commercial fire protection gel coating was included in the study for comparison. Coatings containing starch and the SB gel sample had negligible slumping during burn tests while the commercial gel and the SB foam slumped severely during the test. In rheology studies, samples containing starch had higher G′ (elastic modulus), G ″ (viscous modulus), and higher yield stress than the commercial gel or SB samples without starch. Surprisingly, the samples containing starch heated more slowly than samples without starch. This could be explained, in part, by the continuous boundary layer (crust) that formed during the burn test that shielded the substrate surface from direct heat exposure, minimized the exposed surface area, and, initially, lowered water vapor flux. Drying tests were performed at 44 °C to determine how long the coatings could remain hydrated under severe conditions. The SB gel coatings remained hydrated longer than the SB foam samples. Starch prolonged the drying time (reduced evaporation rate) for both the SB foam and gel samples.
Pinned vortex density in He-4 films produced and detected by third sound resonances

Abstract Resonant frequencies in a circular third sound resonator are shifted by DC persistent current flow fields present in the resonator. Each mode is shifted differently according its “overlap” with the flow. Measurements of these shifts consequently reflect the flow field, and hence the distribution of vortices. In addition, large amplitude circularly polarized third sound modes are used to create and destroy the flow states. Several conclusions can be drawn from the experiments: 1) Vortex densities of hundreds of thousands per square centimeter exist in quasi-equilibrium; 2) Vortex distribution include large densities of both circulation senses polarized to different radii within the cell; 3) Pinning strengths are consistent with the bulk pinning model of Schwarz 1 applied to a film; and 4) Third sound amplitudes with AC flows approaching the Feynman critical velocity create new vorticity. These results offer validity to the hypothesis that pinned vortices are a pervasive feature of superfluid films at low temperatures.
Effect of end-groups on simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity and anti-fogging performance of nanometer-thick perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs)

Simultaneously oleophobic/hydrophilic coatings are highly desirable in many important applications, e.g., anti-fogging. However, to date, such coatings have been rarely reported and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the current paper, the wetting behavior of three nanometer-thick perfluoropolyether (PFPE) polymers with the same backbone but different end-groups has been studied by contact angle tests and the underlying mechanisms governing the simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity have been investigated. The experimental results indicated that the end-groups of the nanometer-thick PFPEs are critical to the simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity. PFPE polymers with different end-groups can interact with the substrate in very different ways, resulting in different packing orders and thus different inter-chain distances within the polymer nanofilms. If the inter-chain distance is appropriately small, smaller water molecules penetrate the nanofilms quickly while larger oil molecules penetrate the nanofilms much more slowly. As a result, the surface shows a higher oil contact angle (OCA) than WCA, i.e., simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity. Moreover, the effect of simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity on the long-term anti-fogging capability has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and anti-fogging tests. The results indicated that the unique simultaneous oleophobicity/hydrophilicity reduces the airborne hydrocarbon contamination and therefore improves the long-term anti-fogging performance.
Self-management of recovery: implications for nursing practice.

This article describes and discusses differences in responses to a 60-item survey instrument, the Carolina Self-Regulation Inventory (CSRI) from a selected sample of university faculty and staff. The CSRI was designed to measure the types of self-regulation strategies (SRS) individuals use to facilitate their recovery from illness episodes. When the CSRI was developed, 1,306 university employees participated in the survey. Four hundred eighty (36%) employees classified themselves as faculty; 346 (26%), staff; 418 (32%), midlevel administrators; and 62 (6%), blue-collar workers. This report focuses on the differences between the faculty and staff groups in the survey. Analysis revealed that the staff used a variety of strategies and had higher statistically significant means on the following CSRI subscales: visualization (t = 2.53, P less than .01), self-talk (t = 6.801, P less than .001), and external attention deployment strategies (t = 4.08, P less than .001). No significant differences were found between faculty and staff in the use of exercise and physical activity or interactive self-regulation strategies. Higher-educated faculty women tended to use fewer SRS when compared with female staff (F = 4.70; df = 8.819; P = .0009). Faculty women were similar to faculty men in their use of SRS. Female staff used significantly more SRS when compared with faculty of both genders and male staff (t = 2.81, P = .05). Nursing implications of self-regulation nursing assessments are discussed in terms of nursing interventions and need for more research.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Lymphatic Pumping Pressure in a Rat Tail Model Utilizing Near-Infrared Imaging

The lymphatic vasculature consists of a network of vessels that promote unidirectional transport of fluid, proteins, and cells from the interstitium back into the blood, providing functions essential for maintaining fluid balance, immune cell trafficking, and lipid absorption from the intestine. The lymphatics generate flow through both extrinsic pumping mechanisms, such as contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle, and through the intrinsic contractility of each lymphatic vessel unit known as a lymphangion. Specialized lymphatic muscle, working in coordination with uni-directional valves separating each lymphangion, serves to contract up to 80% of the vessel diameter and drive flow from the interstitium back to the venous circulation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Closed-form solution of decomposable stochastic models

Markov and semi-Markov processes are increasingly being used in the modeling of complex reconfigurable systems (fault tolerant computers). The estimation of the reliability (or some measure of performance) of the system reduces to solving the process for its state probabilities. Such a model may exhibit numerous states and complicated transition distributions, contributing to an expensive and numerically delicate solution procedure. Thus, when a system exhibits a decomposition property, either structurally (autonomous subsystems), or behaviorally (component failure versus reconfiguration), it is desirable to exploit this decomposition in the reliability calculation. In interesting cases there can be failure states which arise from non-failure states of the subsystems. Equations are presented which allow the computation of failure probabilities of the total (combined) model without requiring a complete solution of the combined model. This material is presented within the context of closed-form functional representation of probabilities as utilized in the Symbolic Hierarchical Automated Reliability and Performance Evaluator (SHARPE) tool. The techniques adopted enable one to compute such probability functions for a much wider class of systems at a reduced computational cost. Several examples show how the method is used, especially in enhancing the versatility of the SHARPE tool.
Histiocytoid Cardiomyopathy of Infancy: Deficiency of Reducible Cytochrome b in Heart Mitochondria

A 3-week-old girl with failure to thrive and cardiomegaly died of cardiac arrest at age 4 weeks. Morphologic studies of the heart showed enlarged muscle fibers with large accumulations of mitochondria, characteristic of histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. Biochemical studies showed markedly decreased succinate-cytochrome c reductase and rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities, while other mitochondrial enzymes were normal. In isolated mitochondria, cytochrome spectra showed a severe defect of reducible cytochrome b and a less marked defect of cytochrome cc1, while the content of cytochrome aa3 (cytochrome c oxidase) was normal. Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy appears to be due to a defect of complex III (reduced coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase) in the respiratory chain of heart mitochondria.
Exploring the APA Fifth Edition "Publication Manual"'s Impact on the Analytic Preferences of Journal Editorial Board Members.

This article explores the reporting preferences of editorial board members of the American Education Research Journal,Educational Researcher, Journal of Educational Psychology, and Journal of Couns...
On the magnetic field dependence of the shear wave velocity in the mixed state of a type-II superconductor

Abstract The variation of the acoustic shear wave velocity with applied magnetic field in the mixed state of a type-II superconductor is studied theoretically on the basis of a phenomenological model in which the coupling between the flux line lattice and the crystal lattice via the pinning potential is taken into account in a consistent manner. The theory gives good agreement with the experimental results pertaining to shear waves in a superconducting alloy Nb-25% Zr. The frequency dependence of the fractional change in acoustic velocity is also accounted for.
Potent inhibition of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase by aminoethylisoselenourea and related compounds.

Abstract The generation of nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) can be inhibited by certain guanidines and S-alkylisothioureas. In particular, aminoethylisothiourea (AE-TU) shows selectivity towards the inducible isoform (iNOS) over the endothelial isoform (ecNOS). Here we report on the effects of the selenium analog of AE-TU, aminoethylisoselenourea (AE-SeU), and its homologue, aminopropylisoselenourea (AP-SeU), on the activities of iNOS and ecNOS. AE-SeU and AP-SeU inhibited the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline in homogenates of lung taken from endotoxin-treated rats (a model of iNOS activity) with potencies ( EC 50 = 1.1, and 0.1 μM, respectively) greater than that of N G -methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) (22 μM). In contrast, AE-SeU and AP-SeU were weaker than or similar to L-NMA at inhibiting ecNOS activity in homogenized bovine endothelial cells ( EC 50 values = 104, 15, and 16 μM, respectively). AE-SeU and AP-SeU potently inhibited nitrite formation by immunostimulated J774 macrophages (a model of iNOS activity) with EC 50 values of 10 and 4 μM respectively. The corresponding EC 50 value for L-NMA was 160 μM. The inhibition was dose-dependently reduced by increasing concentrations of L-arginine in the medium. In vivo , AE-SeU had only modest effects on blood pressure when given as a bolus to anesthetized rats, suggesting only a small effect on ecNOS in vivo , whereas AP-SeU had potent pressor effects similar to those of L-NMA. We found that both AE-SeU and AP-SeU were unstable in aqueous solution at pH values above 6. Their disappearance from solution was accompanied by the appearance of a reductive species, probably free selenol. These findings suggest that AE-SeU and AP-SeU exert their inhibitory effects through intramolecular rearrangement to yield selenoethylguanidine and seleno-propylguanidine. Thus, selenoalkylguanidines are novel inhibitors of iNOS.
Abnormal pelvic venous collaterals demonstrated during a gastrointestinal bleeding study

A Tc-99m blood cell study, performed on a patient with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding, demonstrated an unusual configuration of pelvic venous collaterals associated with idiopathic iliac vein occlusion. The cause of these findings subsequently was confirmed by intravenous digital subtraction angiography. This case demonstrates the importance of the dynamic phase of gastrointestinal bleeding studies in correctly identifying vascular abnormalities.
Ungual tufts in the follow-up of patients on maintenance hemodialysis

A recent publication showed the earliest signs of renal osteodystrophy in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) to occur in the tufts [1]. We present three patients on MHD, in two of whom the earliest unequivocal radiographic improvement was seen in the tufts. The third patient had been on MHD and, following subtotal parathyroidectomy, showed significant osseous improvement in the hands with relatively equal improvement in the tufts and middle phalanges. It appears that, with the use of routine primary or secondary magnification, the tufts are radiographically a highly sensitive site for both the early occurrence and improvement of osteodystrophy in patients on MHD. We are not aware of any previous publication pointing out exclusive improvement in the tufts in patients on MHD with virtually no change in the mid-phalanges. Two of these three cases illustrate that renal osteodystrophy is reversible by maintenance hemodialysis alone.
Large-scale access scheduling in wireless mesh networks using social centrality

Wireless mesh networking is an economic and convenient way to provide last mile Internet access through ad hoc peer-to-peer communication links. However, without systematic network configuration and channel resource management, these networks suffer from scalability, performance degradation and service disruption issues due to overwhelming co-channel interference, unscrupulous channel utilization and inherent network mobility. The IEEE 802.11 DCF and EDCA mechanisms based on CSMA/CA are the most widely used random channel access mechanisms, but unfortunately these cannot effectively eliminate hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems in multi-hop scenarios. Social network analysis techniques proposed for economic and social studies have recently been shown to be a successful approach for characterizing information propagation in multi-hop wireless networks. We propose a set of efficient resource allocation algorithms and channel access scheduling protocols based on Latin squares and social centrality metrics for wireless mesh networks (WMNs) with multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) communication capabilities, called LaSo, which can coexist with IEEE 802.11 DCF and be effectively applied in large scale WMNs. Based on interference information provided by the interference graph, LaSo uses nodal degree centrality to form cliques for intra-cluster communication, and betweenness centrality to choose bridge nodes to form cliques for inter-cluster communication in WMNs, and then applies Latin squares to map the clique-based clustering structure to radios and channels for wireless communication purposes. Afterwards, LaSo again applies Latin squares to schedule the channel access amongst nodes within each cluster in a collision-free manner. We evaluate LaSo using simulations, and results show that LaSo achieves much better performance than existing IEEE 802.11 standards and other multi-channel access control protocols.
Identification of Signal Transmission Pathways in F-Box Proteins Using Perturbation-Based Markovian Transmission (PMT) Model

As a part of ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic network, F-box proteins play important roles in almost all regulations of cellular processes, including signal transduction, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell division. F-box proteins bind various protein substrates and tag them with multiple ubiquitin molecules, which are then further recognized by proteasome for degradation. F-box protein and Skp1 protein (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1) are key components of the SCF (Skp1, Cullin, and F-box protein) ubiquitin-ligase complexes. We study the dynamic behavior of these protein complexes, which are modeled by a connected network of Markovian transmission. The dynamics of signal transmission between the F-box motif and the substrate binding domain of the system is obtained using the Perturbation-based Markovian Transmission (PMT) model, which was recently developed and has been successfully applied to the GroEL-GroES chaperone system (Lu and Liang, 2009). In our model, the initial perturbation generated by the protein-protein interaction on the F-box motif is transmitted by a Markovian process, in which the dynamics of the probability flow is followed by solving the master equation directly. We give details of the dynamics of several Skp1 and F-box protein complexes, including beta-TrCP, Skp2, and Cdc4. The signal transmission pathways from the F-box domain to the substrate binding domain are also identified. In addition, we predict a set of key residues which are important for allosteric transition based on their distinctive dynamic properties. Our predictions are consistent to biochemical observations. Our PMT model can be applied to other large systems of biomolecules for understanding their dynamic behavior and for identifying pathways of allostery. (Lu, Hsiao-Mei and Linag, Jie, “Perturbation-based Markovian Transmission Model for Probing Allosteric Dynamics of Large Macromolecular Assembling: A Study of GroEL-GroES,” PLoS Comp. Bio., 2009.)
The effect of phosphorus on the formation of the Widmanstätten pattern in iron meteorites

Abstract A revised Fe-Ni-P phase diagram and laboratory cooling experiments on Fe-Ni-P alloys are combined to determine the effect of P on the formation of the Widmanstatten pattern. From the phase diagram results, two reaction paths were found for the formation of kamacite (1) γ (taenite) → α (kamacite) + γ (taenite) and (2) γ → γ + Ph (phosphide, (FeNi) 3 P) → α + γ + Ph. The reaction path γ → α + γ is preferred at low P contents while at higher P contents and at Ni contents greater than 7·0 wt. %, the reaction path γ → γ + Ph → α + γ + Ph controls the formation of kamacite. Above 7 wt. % Ni, the effect of P on the equilibrium nucleation temperature of kamacite is quite small, less than about ± 30°C with respect to the Fe-Ni binary diagram. We were able to produce kamacite during direct cooling of alloys of meteoritic composition containing as little as 0·1 wt. % P. This is the first report of a successful synthesis of the Widmanstatten pattern. Kamacite nucleates initially at prior taenite grain boundaries with little or no undercooling. A Widmanstatten pattern was produced in many of these same alloys only after undercooling 30 to more than 100°C below the equilibrium nucleation temperature. The addition of P (> 0·1 wt.%) to meteorites promotes nucleation of kamacite at higher temperatures and effectively lowers the amount of undercooling necessary to nucleate kamacite homogeneously. Ni has just the opposite effect, decreasing the temperature of nucleation and increasing the amount of undercooling. Our experimental results indicate that (1) significant amounts of undercooling, 50–100°C, are necessary for the nucleation of the Widmanstatten structure in meteorites, and (2) chemical equilibrium is maintained in the various phases of slowly cooled iron meteorites to 650°C and probably to 600°C. The effect of P on the cooling rate calculations for iron meteorites and pallasites appears to be small, that is within the factor of 2 error currently ascribed to the method. Since the amount of P determines the Ni content of kamacite in equilibrium with taenite, one can no longer use the binary phase diagram and the measured Ni contents at kamacite/taenite interfaces to obtain the lowest equilibrium temperature during cooling.
Evaluation of the size and type of free particulates collected from unused asbestos-containing brake components as related to potential for respirability

Background In Atkinson et al. 2004 rinsates of unused brake components were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the presence of asbestos fibers. Results We do not believe that the findings of Atkinson et al. are informative and could have been predicted based on the study design and the fact that one would expect to find measurable TEM asbestos fibers on an unused brake component. We also find that the paper did not provide a full or even partial discussion of the published literature with respect to industrial hygiene or epidemiology data. Conclusion The findings of Atkinson et al. do not, in our view, “further raise concerns” about historical asbestos exposures experienced by automotive mechanics because of the vast amount of published literature to the contrary. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:60–61, 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multiresolution correlator analysis and filter design

The concept of multiresolution optical correlators is formally introduced. A mathematical analysis is performed for a generalized multiresolution correlator that emphasizes the roles of both input and filter spatial light modulator resolutions. Conditions are derived for overlapping and nonoverlapping correlation orders. A simulation is performed in which it is shown that the predicted performance of composite binary-phase-only filters designed by the conventional design procedure is different from the actual performance when they are implemented in a real optical correlator. The training of filters on multiresolution approximations of high-resolution discrete Fourier transforms generated by multiresolution wavelet analysis (MWA) techniques is proposed. An analysis is performed that shows that training on MWA approximations results in filters whose performance is the same in a real correlator as that predicted by the design procedure. This analysis is confirmed by simulation. Further simulations show that the performance of reduced-resolution filters designed by MWA techniques is markedly superior to the performance of those designed by conventional means. Finally, an analysis is performed that explains why the ratio of zero- to higher-order correlation peak intensities is much greater for the former than the latter.
Explosive Phase Transitions in the Earth's Mantle

THE Earth's crust and mantle deform viscoelastically. There has, therefore, been some question as to whether stress relaxation rates in the upper mantle and lower crust might not exceed any realistic rates of stress accumulation. If this is so, earthquakes could not be generated by rebound of elastic strain; that is, by either the type I or type II source of Honda1. It might, therefore, be worth-while to explore the possibility of an earthquake mechanism in which stress is suddenly applied rather than suddenly released. One such mechanism is a phase transition, quasi-instantaneous over a finite volume and involving lattice condensation. Recent experiences with underground nuclear explosions2 have shown that explosive strain may release an adequate portion of energy in the form of S waves, so that observed radiation patterns may well be accounted for by an explosive (or implosive) phase transition.
Role of Transportation in the Persuasion Process: Cognitive and Affective Responses to Antidrug Narratives

This study examined transportation effects of first- and third-person narratives as well as the role of transportation in the persuasion process. In particular, the authors evaluated the role of transportation in affecting cognitive and affective responses. Last, they addressed the relation between (a) cognitive and affective responses and (b) antidrug expectancies. Participants were 500 undergraduate students at a large northern university in the United Kingdom who were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions: first- or third-person narratives on cocaine use. The results demonstrated that there was no difference between first- and third-person narratives in terms of transportation. However, overall, greater transportation was associated with more favorable cognitive responses, and more favorable cognitive response was associated with stronger anticocaine expectancies. In terms of affective responses, results indicated the mediating role of sadness and contentment in the association between transportation and anticocaine expectancies. In particular, increased transportation was associated with greater sadness and lower contentment. Lower sadness and contentment were associated with stronger anticocaine expectancies. Important theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.
Phenobarbital and dizocilpine can block methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by mechanisms that are independent of thermoregulation

Abstract Body temperature profiles observed during methamphetamine (METH) exposure are known to affect dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the striatum of mice; hyperthermia potentiates depletion while hypothermia is protective against depletions. In the current study, the doses of METH were sufficiently great that significant dopamine and TH depletions occurred even though hypothermia occurred. Four doses, administered at 2 h intervals, of 15 mg/kg (4×15 mg/kg) d -METH significantly decreased TH and dopamine levels to 50% of control in mice becoming hypothermic during dosing in a 13°C environment. Phenobarbital or dizocilpine during METH exposure blocked the depletions while diazepam did not. Phenobarbital and dizocilpine did not block depletions by altering the hypothermic profiles from that observed during METH only exposure. Here we show that phenobarbital and dizocilpine can block measures of METH neurotoxicity by non-thermoregulatory mechanisms.