cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the mechanistic basis of the French Paradox: Red wine inhibits the activity of protein disulfide isomerase in vitro.

Introduction Although epidemiologic evidence points to cardioprotective activity of red wine, the mechanistic basis for antithrombotic activity has not been established. Quercetin and related flavonoids are present in high concentrations in red but not white wine. Quercetin-glycosides were recently shown to prevent thrombosis in animal models through the inhibition of extracellular protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). We evaluated whether red or white wine inhibited PDI activity in vitro.
Fractionating healthy weight.

Any discussion of healthy weight necessarily starts with body composition and its relation to long-term mortality and morbidity and then goes on to consider the limited range of ages for which we have epidemiologic data, the time span involved, the criteria used to define healthy, and the possibility that a weight that is advantageous with respect to one outcome criterion may be disadvantageous for another. One may therefore ask, weight of what ? healthy weight for whom ? by what criteria ? and question whether a simple weight-for-height ratio is sufficiently effective for the task.
Equivalence Verification of Large Galois Field Arithmetic Circuits using Word-Level Abstraction via Gröbner Bases

Custom arithmetic circuits designed over Galois fields F2k are prevalent in cryptography, where the field size k is very large (e.g. k = 571-bits). Equivalence checking of such large custom arithmetic circuits against baseline golden models is beyond the capabilities of contemporary techniques. This paper addresses the problem by deriving word-level canonical polynomial representations from gate-level circuits as Z = F (A) over F2k, where Z and A represent the output and input bit-vectors of the circuit, respectively. Using algebraic geometry, we show that the canonical polynomial abstraction can be derived by computing a Grobner basis of a set of polynomials extracted from the circuit, using a specific elimination (abstraction) term order. By efficiently applying these concepts, we can derive the canonical abstraction in hierarchically designed, custom arithmetic circuits with up to 571-bit datapath, whereas contemporary techniques can verify only up to 163-bit circuits.
Biosynthesis and in vivo localization of the decapentaplegic-Vg-related protein, DVR-6 (bone morphogenetic protein-6).

DVR-6 (BMP-6 or Vgr-1) is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of polypeptide signaling molecules. In situ hybridization studies have previously shown that DVR-6 RNA is expressed in a variety of cell types in the mouse embryo, but no information has been available on protein localization and biosynthesis. We have produced a polyclonal antibody to the proregion of DVR-6 and used it to localize the protein in whole mount and sectioned embryonic, newborn, and adult mouse tissues. DVR-6 protein is expressed in the mouse nervous system beginning at 9.5 days postcoitum (d.p.c.) and continues through adulthood. A variety of epithelial tissues also produce DVR-6 protein, including the suprabasal layer of the skin, bronchiolar epithelium, and the cornea. Additionally, a stably transfected cell line, BMGE+H/D6c4, is used to study the biosynthesis of DVR-6 protein and evidence is presented for translational regulation of DVR-6 expression.
Routine bacterial screening of apheresis platelets on Day 4 using a rapid test: a 4-year single-center experience

Background The platelet (PLT) Pan Genera Detection test (PGD) is a rapid bacterial detection system used to screen PLTs for bacterial contamination. We report a single center 46-month experience with secondary screening of apheresis PLTs by PGD testing. Study Design and Methods Existing testing records of apheresis PLTs screened by PGD from July 2008 to April 2012 were reviewed. All PLT units were initially screened by routine postcollection culture methods. Secondary screening using PGD was performed for indated PLTs on PLT storage Day 4 and for outdated PLTs on Day 8. Results A total of 8535 apheresis PLTs were available in inventory during the study period. Of these, 5030 (58.9%) were dispensed and transfused before PGD testing and 3505 (41.1%) underwent PGD testing on Day 4. Twenty-five units tested on Day 4 were PGD initial reactive (0.71%). All were confirmed to be false positive by repeat PGD testing in triplicate (n = 20) or by confirmatory culture (n = 5). An additional 364 units that were PGD nonreactive on Day 4 were approved for transfusion on Day 6 or Day 7 due to urgent clinical need. A total of 371 outdated units underwent repeat PGD testing before discard on Day 8; all were nonreactive. Conclusion Secondary PGD testing of culture-screened apheresis PLTs results in low yield in a medium-sized transfusion service. Use of PGD testing on Day 4 may allow for extension of the apheresis PLT shelf life to Day 7 for hospitals that face supply constraints.
Anatomic complexity quantitated by nephrometry score is associated with prolonged warm ischemia time during robotic partial nephrectomy.

Objective To assess the association between nephrometry score (NS) and prolonged warm ischemia time (WIT) in patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) for clinically localized renal masses. Methods We queried our prospectively maintained kidney cancer database to identify all patients undergoing RPN for localized tumors from 2007-2012. Patient and tumor characteristics were compared between complexity groups using analysis of variance and chi square tests. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between NS complexity and warm ischemia >30 minutes. Results Three hundred seventy-five patients (mean age, 59 ± 11 years; mean Charlson comorbidity index, 1.0 ± 1.3) undergoing RPN under warm ischemia for clinically localized renal tumors (mean tumor size, 3.1 ± 1.5 cm; mean NS, 6.8 ± 1.8) met inclusion criteria and had NS available. Stratified by complexity, groups differed with respect to age at surgery, tumor size, proximity to the hilum, collecting system entry, estimated blood loss, and operative time (all P values ≤.05). Significant differences in mean WIT were observed when comparing low (19.4 ± 12.1 minutes), intermediate (28.6 ± 12.8 minutes), and high (36.1 ± 13.7 minutes) NS complexity groups ( P Conclusion In our large institutional cohort, quantification of anatomic complexity using the NS is associated with WIT >30 minutes in patients undergoing RPN for localized renal tumors. This provides further evidence that standardized reporting of tumor anatomic complexity affords meaningful outcome comparisons.
Closed-form likelihood approximation and estimation of jump-diffusions with an application to the realignment risk of the Chinese Yuan

This paper provides closed-form likelihood approximations for multivariate jump-diffusion processes widely used in finance. For a fixed order of approximation, the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) computed from this approximate likelihood achieves the asymptotic efficiency of the true yet uncomputable MLE as the sampling interval shrinks. This method is used to uncover the realignment probability of the Chinese Yuan. Since February 2002, the market-implied realignment intensity has increased fivefold. The term structure of the forward realignment rate, which completely characterizes future realignment probabilities, is hump-shaped and peaks at mid-2004. The realignment probability responds quickly to economic news releases and government interventions. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Small unmanned helicopter autorotation using non-linear model predictive control

Small unmanned helicopters are suitable for a variety of applications including search and rescue, surveillance, communications, traffic monitoring as well as inspection of buildings, power lines and bridges. This paper presents an on-line, model-based, real-time autonomous autorotation controller, tailored for small helicopters. The approach selected is based on non-linear model-predictive control techniques that allow constraint handling and provide relatively good performance. The non-linear optimization is handled by a specially-designed recurrent neural network so that fast convergence is achieved. The goal of this controller is to eliminate the risk to people on the ground for failures that can be accommodated via autorotation. This is accomplished by appropriately lowering the kinetic energy of the helicopter during the last phase of its descent.
A new diagnosis approach for short faults in interconnects

Existing one-step diagnosis approaches for faults in interconnects either yield a long test sequence, or use a non-generalized procedure to generate a shorter test sequence. We propose a new diagnosis approach for short faults in interconnects. The pin-adjacency fault model is assumed. By using a divide-and-conquer strategy, our approach can generate a very compact test vector sequence which can diagnose an unrestricted number of short faults. Our experiments for three benchmarks as well as large random interconnects (up to 50,000 nets) show that our approach can achieve more than 50% savings in the length of the generated test sequence. This can significantly save the diagnosis cost for boundary-scan testing. An adaptive diagnosis approach is further proposed to dynamically truncate the originally generated test sequence based on the current information of faulty nets. The performance of our adaptive approach in terms of the on-line test generation time and the resulting test sequence length is better than for existing adaptive diagnosis approaches when the fault rate is not very small, such as in a new product line. If a low complexity for the ATE is of major importance, then the proposed one-step approach is the best choice. >
Functional site profiling and electrostatic analysis of cysteines modifiable to cysteine sulfenic acid

Cysteine sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH), a reversible modification, is a catalytic intermediate at enzyme active sites, a sensor for oxidative stress, a regulator of some transcription factors, and a redox-signaling intermediate. This post-translational modification is not random: specific features near the cysteine control its reactivity. To identify features responsible for the propensity of cysteines to be modified to sulfenic acid, a list of 47 proteins (containing 49 known Cys-SOH sites) was compiled. Modifiable cysteines are found in proteins from most structural classes and many functional classes, but have no propensity for any one type of protein secondary structure. To identify features affecting cysteine reactivity, these sites were analyzed using both functional site profiling and electrostatic analysis. Overall, the solvent exposure of modifiable cysteines is not different from the average cysteine. The combined sequence, structure, and electrostatic approaches reveal mechanistic determinants not obvious from overall sequence comparison, including: (1) pKas of some modifiable cysteines are affected by backbone features only; (2) charged residues are underrepresented in the structure near modifiable sites; (3) threonine and other polar residues can exert a large influence on the cysteine pKa; and (4) hydrogen bonding patterns are suggested to be important. This compilation of Cys-SOH modification sites and their features provides a quantitative assessment of previous observations and a basis for further analysis and prediction of these sites. Agreement with known experimental data indicates the utility of this combined approach for identifying mechanistic determinants at protein functional sites.
A consultant to assist students in solving statistics problems

The statistical consultant described in this paper incorporates a knowledge base in an educational tool for novices in statistical decision-making to use in choosing a statistical technique. The heart of the system is the rule base for differentiating between statistics. The rules are based on five questions which the data can answer, as well as the type of data, the number of variables, and any dependent/independent relationships which exist between the variables. Twenty-nine statistics and the rules for choosing them are in the rule sets. The consultant was tested against the usual textbook method with two different groups of users, 25 undergraduates and 19 doctoral students. The results were that the computer-assisted students in both samples correctly solved a larger proportion of problems despite a conservative test which favored the textbook users and also took longer to find an appropriate solution. >
Corrosion of Tungsten Microelectrodes used in Neural Recording Applications

In neuroprosthetic applications, long-term electrode viability is necessary for robust recording of the activity of neural populations used for generating communication and control signals. The corrosion of tungsten microwire electrodes used for intracortical recording applications was analyzed in a controlled bench-top study and compared to the corrosion of tungsten microwires used in an in vivo study. Two electrolytes were investigated for the bench-top electrochemical analysis: 0.9% phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 0.9% PBS containing 30 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation and reduction reactions responsible for corrosion were found by measurement of the open circuit potential and analysis of Pourbaix diagrams. Dissolution of tungsten to form the tungstic ion was found to be the corrosion mechanism. The corrosion rate was estimated from the polarization resistance, which was extrapolated from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. The results show that tungsten microwires in an electrolyte of PBS have a corrosion rate of 300-700 μm/yr. The corrosion rate for tungsten microwires in an electrolyte containing PBS and 30 mM H₂O₂ is accelerated to 10,000-20,000 μm/yr. The corrosion rate was found to be controlled by the concentration of the reacting species in the cathodic reaction (e.g. O₂ and H₂O₂). The in vivo corrosion rate, averaged over the duration of implantation, was estimated to be 100 μm/yr. The reduced in vivo corrosion rate as compared to the bench-top rate is attributed to decreased rate of oxygen diffusion caused by the presence of a biological film and a reduced concentration of available oxygen in the brain.
Evaluation of methyl fluoride and dimethyl ether as inhibitors of aerobic methane oxidation.

Methyl fluoride (MF) and dimethyl ether (DME) were effective inhibitors of aerobic methanotrophy in a variety of soils. MF and DME blocked consumption of CH4 as well as the oxidation of 14CH4 to 14CO2, but neither MF nor DME affected the oxidation of [14C]methanol or [14C]formate to 14CO2. Cooxidation of ethane and propane by methane-oxidizing soils was also inhibited by MF. Nitrification (ammonia oxidation) in soils was inhibited by both MF and DME. Production of N2O via nitrification was inhibited by MF; however, MF did not affect N2O production associated with denitrification. Methanogenesis was partially inhibited by MF but not by DME. Methane oxidation was ∼100-fold more sensitive to MF than was methanogenesis, indicating that an optimum concentration could be employed to selectively block methanotrophy. MF inhibited methane oxidation by cell suspensions of Methylococcus capsulatus; however, DME was a much less effective inhibitor.
Growth and Characterization of GaN and ALxGA1−xN Thin Films Achieved Via Lateral- and/or Pendeo-Epitaxial Overgrowth on 6H-SIC(0001) Substrates

Discrete and coalesced monocrystalline layers of lateral- and pendeo-epitaxially grown GaN and AlxGa1−xN layers originating from GaN stripes deposited within windows contained in SiO2 masks or from side walls of GaN seed structures containing SiNx top masks have been grown via organometallic vapor phase deposition on GaN/AlN/6H-SiC(0001) substrates. Multilayer heterostructures of GaN and AlxGal−N were also achieved. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the microstructures, the type and distribution of dislocations and the surface roughness of the resulting films. The extent and microstructural characteristics of the laterally overgrown GaN regions were a strong function of stripe orientation and temperature. These regions contained a low density of dislocations. The RMS roughness of the (1120) sidewall plane of the pendeoepitaxial structures was approximately 0.100 nm.
Crowdsourcing for Enterprises

Crowdsourcing is emerging as the new on-line distributed problem solving and production model in which networked people collaborate to complete a task. Enterprises are increasingly employing crowdsourcing to access scalable workforce on-line. In parallel, cloud computing has emerged as a new paradigm for delivering computational services, which seamlessly interweave physical and digital worlds through a common infrastructure.This paper presents a sample crowdsourcing scenario in software development domain to derive the requirements for delivering a general-purpose crowdsourcing service in the Cloud. It proposes taxonomy for categorization of crowdsourcing platforms, and evaluates a number of existing systems against the set of identified features. Finally, the paper outlines a research agenda for enhancing crowdsourcing capabilities, with focus on virtual team building and task-based service provisioning, whose lack has been a barrier to the realization of a peer-production model that engages providers from around the world.
Teaching computational thinking to non-computing majors using spreadsheet functions

Recently, higher education has seen an increasing emphasis on the prominent role of computational thinking in all disciplines. Computational thinking is advocated as not only a fundamental skill or concept in computer science but also a core competency for all disciplines. Teaching students in non-computer science majors computing thinking is challenging because students do not have experts' mental models. This study investigates the knowledge gap that non-computing major college students (n=126) possess about computational thinking in an introductory MS Excel course by measuring their performance using spreadsheet functions in three categories: recall, application, and problem solving. The empirical result, analyzed using ANOVA, shows that students can recall the meaning of those functions but seem to have trouble using them correctly and precisely (cued or uncued). Students' test results suggest the following issues: (1) problems with understanding the data type, (2) failure in translating problems to productive representations using spreadsheet functions, and (3) inadequate stipulation of the computational representations in precise forms. Addressing these problems early and explicitly in future classes could improve the education of computational thinking and alleviate difficulties students may experience in using computational thinking in learning and problem solving.
Learning anomalous features via sparse coding using matrix norms

Our goal is to find anomalous features in a dataset using the sparse coding concept of dictionary learning. Rather than using the averaged column l2-norm for the dictionary update as is typically done in sparse coding, we explore using three matrix norms: ∥·∥1, ∥·∥2, and ∥·∥∞. Minimizing the matrix norms represents minimizing a maximum deviation in the reconstruction error rather than an average deviation, hopefully allowing us to find features that contribute significantly but infrequently to sample training points. We find that while solving for the dictionaries using matrix norm minimization takes longer to compute, all three methods are able to recover a known basis from a simple set of training data. In addition, the ∥·∥1 matrix norm is able to recover a known anomalous feature in the training data that the other norms (including the standard averaged l2-norm) are unable to find.
Chemical Selection of Mutants That Affect Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Drosophila II. Use of 1–PENTYNE–3–Ol

We describe a procedure for the selection of alcohol dehydrogenase negative mutants in Drosophila. The method consists of exposing eggs and larvae to low concentrations of 1-pentyne-3-ol dissolved in the culture medium. Only those flies with greatly reduced levels of alcohol dehydrogenase activity survive. In addition, genotypically negative flies die if their mothers are alcohol dehydrogenase positive. Using this procedure and formaldehyde to generate mutants, we were able to detect seven alcohol dehydrogenase negative mutants out of 350,000 individuals subjected to selection. At least five of the mutants contain small deletions that include the alcohol dehydrogenase locus.
Bottleable (Amino)(Carboxy) Radicals Derived from Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbenes

Monomeric (amino)(carboxy) radicals were synthesized in two steps: the addition of a stable cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene to an acyl chloride, followed by a one-electron reduction. Their stability toward dimerization also allows for the synthesis of related bi- and triradicals.
The Impact of Competency-Based Learning and Digital Self-assessment on Facilitating Students’ Cognitive and Interpersonal Skills

This paper aims to utilize a mixed-methods assessment for an innovative interdisciplinary course, Application Period, in a world-class Russian University. In order to examine how the cognitive (competency-based learning) and motivational (self-efficacy for interpersonal skills) concepts impact students’ achievement in engineering education, an exploratory sequential design was conducted by firstly collecting qualitative data to signify the students’ interactive learning process during the project-based collaboration and team communication. Subsequently, two instruments measuring the students’ learning outcomes were built based on the previous qualitative data and preliminary learning objectives. The suggestions and implications are provided to specify how to employ competency-based learning and self-efficacy for interpersonal skills in teaching and how to assess those content knowledge and pedagogical skills in contemporary education.
Old Age Through the Lens of Family History

Publisher Summary Scholars specifically examining the history of old age need to address family-structure-raised important issues and concerns. The research of the 1970s demonstrated that older people could not be grouped as a single entity without regard to location, economics, or stage in the life cycle. Rather, historians who examined the old through their family structure and experience looked at a wide variety of factors: gender, economics, and geography. These, they found, contributed to a complex understanding of aging in the past. Moreover, by exploring the actual words and beliefs of the elderly, they discovered that past assumptions about the displacement of the elderly or their isolation is to be reevaluated. Basic to this reevaluation of family structure and old age was an assessment of the family role of the elderly woman. The new histories that focused on the elderly revealed the important role economics play in creating a diverse history of old age.
ORChestrating the human DNA replication program

In humans, more than 6 billion bp of DNA need to be copied accurately and completely every cell division. Given the size of human chromosomes, it would take a pair of bidirectional DNA replication forks, emanating from a single replication origin, more than 40 days to copy just chromosome 1. To duplicate the genome completely within the confines of S-phase, multiple start sites of DNA replication need to be distributed across each of the chromosomes. Understanding how start sites of DNA replication are selected and regulated across a diverse array of cell types has been a major question in the field since the discovery of the double helix. In PNAS, Miotto et al. (1) describe the genome-wide localization of a key replication initiation factor, the origin recognition complex (ORC), and provide insight into the genomic features that define the location and distribution of human replication origins. ORC is a conserved and essential heterohexameric protein complex that is essential for the initiation of DNA replication (2). In G1 of the cell cycle, ORC, together with Cdt1 and Cdc6, directs the loading of the replicative helicase Mcm2–7 onto DNA to form the prereplicative complex (pre-RC). The assembly of the pre-RC in G1 serves to “license” potential origins for activation in the subsequent S-phase (3). Cyclin-dependent kinase and Dbf4-dependent kinase activities during S-phase result in the recruitment of additional proteins to the pre-RC to form the preinitiation complex, unwinding of DNA, and initiation of DNA synthesis. The transactivating factors required for initiation of DNA replication are conserved from yeast to mammals, and the regulated initiation of DNA replication has recently been reconstituted from a minimal complement of ∼42 proteins (4). Despite an in-depth understanding of the transacting factors required for the initiation of DNA replication, considerably less is known about cis -acting genomic … [↵][1]1Email: david.macalpine{at}duke.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Languages Must Expose Memory Heterogeneity

The last decade has seen an explosion in new and innovative memory technologies. While certain technologies, like transactional memory, have seen adoption at the language level, others, such as sandboxed memory, scratchpad memory, and persistent memory, have not received any systematic programming language support. This is true even though the underlying compiler-level mechanisms for these mechanisms are similar. In this paper, we argue that programming languages must be enhanced to expose heterogeneous memory technologies to programmers, so that they can enjoy the benefits of those technologies and be able to reason about programs that use the advanced features of novel memory technologies. We sketch a language design that allows programmers to specify memory requirements and behaviors, for both data and code. We further describe how a compiler can support such a language and suggest hardware improvements that can improve efficiencies of heterogeneous memories.
Implementation of the surgical safety checklist at a tertiary academic center: Impact on safety culture and patient outcomes.

Abstract Background The impact and efficacy of the World Health Organization Surgery Safety Checklist (SSC) is uncertain. We sought to determine if the SSC decreases complications and examined the attitudes of the surgical team members following implementation of the SSC. Methods A 28-question survey was developed to assess perspectives of surgical team members at the University of Vermont Medical Center (UVMC). The University Health System Consortium database was examined to compare the rates of nine complications before and after SSC implementation using Chi square analysis and Fisher's exact test. Results There was no significant decrease in any of the nine complications 2 years after SSC implementation. There was overall agreement that the SSC improved communication, safety, and prevented errors in the operating room. However, there was disagreement between nursing and surgeons over whether all three parts of the SSC were always completed. Conclusions Implementation of the SSC did not result in a significant decrease in perioperative morbidity or mortality. However, it did improve the perception of safety culture by operating room staff.
Invited Review: Current areas of research of feeding practices for lactating goats1

ABSTRACT Dietary concentrate level, forage quality, and production system can have a great effect on tissue loss and gain by lactating goats in addition to milk yield and composition. Opportunities for enhanced performance with high concentrate levels are greater in early than late lactation, with high milk production potential, although there might be an advantage in efficiency of energy use in late lactation when tissue is often replenished. Effects of by-product and alternative feedstuffs on conditions such as ruminal methane emission, milk fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition, and antioxidant status depend on major and minor constituents and what they are substituted for. Research on minor dietary ingredients such as probiotics and plant secondary metabolites is likely to increase with decreased use of synthetic antimicrobials, although specific components responsible for effects are sometimes unclear. In addition to the FA profile of feedstuffs, conditions including dietary concentrate level, supplemental FA sources, and levels of plant secondary metabolites can influence bioactive ruminal biohydrogenation intermediates that decrease de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland. Supplementation with sources of conjugated linoleic acid has been studied, but use is not common, probably because of less change in milk fat content and FA composition compared with cattle, different considerations regarding tissue mobilization in early lactation with appropriate feeding management practices, and limited or no benefit from low-fat milk. However, inclusion of moderate dietary levels of oils and other fat sources for purposes such as increased energy density, improved palatability, and decreased dustiness is widespread.
Notch1 Overexpression Correlates to Improved Survival in Cancer of the Oropharynx

Objectives The Notch1 signaling pathway has recently been shown to be highly dysregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but the value of Notch1 as a predictive biomarker is yet to be elucidated in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The objective of this study is to evaluate Notch1 expression in surgical OPSCC specimens and determine clinicopathologic correlates. Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Subjects and Methods Surgical specimens from 181 patients with OPSCC were collected to create a tissue microarray (TMA). Human papillomavirus (HPV) status and Notch1 expression were determined and correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics. Results In univariate analysis, Notch1 expression correlated with improved survival as a categorical variable (hazard ratio [HR], 0.346; P < .0001) and correlated with HPV/p16 positivity as a continuous variable ( P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, Notch1 expression retained significance in HPV-positive (HR, 0.303; P = .033) and HPV-negative (HR, 0.416; P = .0055) subgroups. Similarly, Notch1 expression positively correlated with survival in p16-positive (HR, 0.469; P = .031) and p16-negative subgroups (HR, 0.310; P = .014). Conclusions In the largest OPSCC cohort to date, we found that Notch1 receptor expression positively correlates with overall survival, regardless of HPV or p16 status. Furthermore, we found higher Notch1 receptor expression in HPV/p16-positive tumors than their HPV/p16-negative counterparts.
Framing Global Climate Security

As the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the broader scientific community produce dire warnings and stronger evidence that climate change exists, is caused by human activities, and poses a significant threat to humans and all living creatures on the earth, effective agreements to mitigate climate change on the international level have seen little success. Even with little international progress, an increasing number of actors from the local to the global level are framing climate change as a security threat. Climate security, defined as reducing vulnerability and risk of harm, is a contested issue. This chapter will focus on identifying the language and processes used by global actors to frame climate change as a security issue, and the impact of such a frame on policymakers. In the end, the chapter will advance our understanding of the efficacy of framing climate change as a global security issue, and the impediments to reducing its threat vis-a-vis the promise of global governance.
Predictability of bee community composition after floral removals differs by floral trait group.

Plant–bee visitor communities are complex networks. While studies show that deleting nodes alters network topology, predicting these changes in the field remains difficult. Here, a simple trait-based approach is tested for predicting bee community composition following disturbance. I selected six fields with mixed cover of flower species with shallow (open) and deep (tube) nectar access, and removed all flowers or flower heads of species of each trait in different plots paired with controls, then observed bee foraging and composition. I compared the bee community in each manipulated plot with bees on the same flower species in control plots. The bee morphospecies composition in manipulations with only tube flowers remaining was the same as that in the control plots, while the bee morphospecies on only open flowers were dissimilar from those in control plots. However, the proportion of short- and long-tongued bees on focal flowers did not differ between control and manipulated plots for either manipulation. So, bees within some functional groups are more strongly linked to their floral trait partners than others. And, it may be more fruitful to describe expected bee community compositions in terms of relative proportions of relevant ecological traits than species, particularly in species-diverse communities.
How Did the Information Flow in the #AlphaGo Hashtag Network? A Social Network Analysis of the Large-Scale Information Network on Twitter

As it becomes common for Internet users to use hashtags when posting and searching information on social media, it is important to understand who builds a hashtag network and how information is circulated within the network. This article focused on unlocking the potential of the #AlphaGo hashtag network by addressing the following questions. First, the current study examined whether traditional opinion leadership (i.e., the influentials hypothesis) or grassroot participation by the public (i.e., the interpersonal hypothesis) drove dissemination of information in the hashtag network. Second, several unique patterns of information distribution by key users were identified. Finally, the association between attributes of key users who exerted great influence on information distribution (i.e., the number of followers and follows) and their central status in the network was tested. To answer the proffered research questions, a social network analysis was conducted using a large-scale hashtag network data set from Twitter (n = 21,870). The results showed that the leading actors in the network were actively receiving information from their followers rather than serving as intermediaries between the original information sources and the public. Moreover, the leading actors played several roles (i.e., conversation starters, influencers, and active engagers) in the network. Furthermore, the number of their follows and followers were significantly associated with their central status in the hashtag network. Based on the results, the current research explained how the information was exchanged in the hashtag network by proposing the reciprocal model of information flow.
Implantación y evolución de la formación profesional dual española

Esta investigacion documental pretende clarificar el estado del arte de la Formacion Profesional Dual en Espana desde la publicacion del Real Decreto 1529/2012 hasta la actualidad. Primero se ha estudiado la legislacion promulgada para impulsar la implantacion de la FPD. En segundo lugar se ha trabajado con los numeros propios de la FPD para conocer su crecimiento y arraigo en Espana. En tercer lugar, al llevar a cabo los primeros dos pasos de la investigacion se han clarificado las ventajas e inconvenientes de la FPD. Finalmente, se ha trabajado con el material obtenido y se han enunciado las conclusiones correspondientes.
LiveDissent: A Media Platform for Remote Participation in Activist Demonstrations

Social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have become a critical tools for the coordination of activist movements and demonstrations. Additionally, live streaming platforms like Periscope have started to emerge as modalities for reporting on and remotely experiencing activist activities. In this design fiction, we present LiveDissent, a fictional media platform that leverages both established and emerging technologies to support remote participation in activist demonstrations. These technologies include mobile live streaming, telepresence robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, and digitally augmented picket signs. LiveDissent brings these technologies together into an aggregated platform for remotely watching and participating in demonstrations. We discuss a planned in the wild study at an upcoming demonstration, through which we will explore the design and implications of social media and telepresence for participation in activism. Finally, our authors' statement connects to related prior work and explores potential research and ethics questions.
A Hybrid AI Approach to the Classification of Emotive Text

In this paper we will discuss Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques used to classify the emotional content of a segment of autobiographical text. In particular we will examine 1) statistical training techniques which rely on Bayesian models for classification, and 2) statisti cal analyses which rely on hand-built annotations of emotive and content keywords. In isolation, each methodology performs to a relatively high level of precision (85-90%). This paper then looks at how to combine these two approaches to produce an overall system which has an accuracy that approaches 98% for a corpus of over 285 autobiographical entries.
Nonlinear model predictive control of HVDC for inter-area oscillation damping

Abstract This paper presents a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission to damp inter-area oscillations in the power grid. An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method is implemented to generate nonlinear model-based future predictions within a finite horizon. Unlike existing control methods that are based on approximate linearization of a system, the NMPC-EnKF approach maintains full nonlinearity in the AC-HVDC system by introducing ensembles to represent and propagate the distribution of states and errors. The proposed approach is tested on both a modified two-area, four-machine system and a modified IEEE New England system. Both small- and large-signal-disturbance stability studies are tested to validate the performance of the proposed approach. Extensive results show the effectiveness of the NMPC-EnKF approach for damping inter-area oscillations.
Depressive Symptoms as a Predictor of Men’s Relationship Satisfaction:

Research supports an association between depressive symptoms and reduced relationship satisfaction. Yet the etiology of this relationship is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine indivi...
Lysosomal Leukodystrophies Lysosomal Storage Diseases Associated With White Matter Abnormalities

The leukodystrophies are a group of genetic metabolic diseases characterized by an abnormal development or progressive degeneration of the myelin sheath. The myelin is a complex sheath composed of several macromolecules covering axons as an insulator. Each of the leukodystrophies is caused by mutations in genes encoding enzymes that are involved in myelin production and maintenance. The lysosomal storage diseases are inborn disorders of compartmentalized cellular organelles with broad clinical manifestations secondary to the progressive accumulation of undegraded macromolecules within lysosomes and related organelles. The more than 60 different lysosomal storage diseases are rare diseases; however, collectively, the incidence of lysosomal storage diseases ranges just over 1 in 2500 live births. The majority of lysosomal storage diseases are associated with neurologic manifestations including developmental delay, seizures, acroparesthesia, motor weakness, and extrapyramidal signs. These inborn organelle disorders show wide clinical variability affecting individuals from all age groups. In addition, several of neurologic, also known as neuronopathic, lysosomal storage diseases are associated with some level of white matter disease, which often triggers the diagnostic investigation. Most lysosomal storage diseases are autosomal recessively inherited and few are X-linked, with females being at risk of presenting with mild, but clinically relevant neurologic manifestations. Biochemical assays are the basis of the diagnosis and are usually confirmed by molecular genetic testing. Novel therapies have emerged. However, most affected patients with lysosomal storage diseases have only supportive management to rely on. A better understanding of the mechanisms resulting in the leukodystrophy will certainly result in innovative and efficacious disease-modifying therapies.
Assessing the impact of procedure-specific opioid prescribing recommendations on opioid stewardship following pelvic organ prolapse surgery.

Abstract Background Nationally, there is increasing concern regarding the volume of opioid medications prescribed postoperatively and the rate of prescription opioid related adverse-events. In evaluation of this, several reports have identified significant variability in postoperative opioid prescribing patterns, including quantities exceeding patient’s needs, especially after minor surgical procedures. However, data regarding patient’s postoperative opioids needs following surgery for pelvic organ prolapse are sparse. Objective To design procedure-specific opioid prescribing recommendations for pelvic organ prolapse surgeries and evaluate their impact on opioid stewardship. Study Design We prospectively evaluated opioid prescribing patterns, patient utilization, medication refills, and patient satisfaction in women undergoing prolapse surgery ( i.e. vaginal, abdominal, or robotic) during an eight-month time-period. Two cohorts of women, stratified by whether they had surgery before or after implementation of procedure-specific opioid prescribing recommendations, were evaluated. Postoperative opioid usage (assessed via pill count), medication refills, and satisfaction with pain management after hospital dismissal were evaluated by telephone call two weeks after surgery. Postoperative opioid prescribing and use were recorded after conversion to Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME). Results Overall, 96 women were included, 57 in the initial baseline cohort, and 39 following implementation of the prescribing recommendations. In the initial cohort, 32.8% of the prescribed OME (3607/11007 mg) were consumed. Following implementation of the prescribing recommendations, median OME prescribed decreased from 200 mg OME (IQR 150,225) to 112.5 mg OME (IQR 22.5,112.5; p Conclusions By utilizing procedure-specific opioid prescribing recommendations we decreased the number of opioids prescribed at hospital dismissal by roughly half. Decreased opioid prescribing did not adversely impact patient satisfaction.
Media Review: Served Like a Girl

According to a recent report from the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, the number of homeless women veterans increased by seven percent from 2016 to 2017 compared to a one percent increase among the male veteran population. Served Like a Girl, by Lysa Heslov, situates discussions of the growing plight of the homeless women veteran population against the backdrop of the Ms. Veteran America pageant. The pageant, founded by Army veteran MAJ Jaspen Boothe, was created to bring awareness to the deficit found within existing veteran housing programs and to encourage financial support for the development of transitional services specific to the needs of women veterans. The documentary follows four pageant contestants, the master of ceremonies, the pageant director—also the first pageant winner, and the founder of the pageant as they prepare for the 2015 competition.
The Sclerotisation of the Collagenous Byssal Threads of Mytilus Epulis L.

The byssus of Mytilus edulis has long fascinated the connoisseurs of collagen chemistry because of its extracorporeal location as well as inert and insoluble properties. In the present report I will attempt to focus on the nature of the interactions resulting in the sclerotisation of the byssus.
Political Elites, Democracy, and Education:

We identify conditions under which the political elite may overcompensate for the loss of de jure power by investing too much in de facto power so that the probability to have de facto power is hig...
MESENCHYMAL PRECURSOR CELLS IN LVAD RECIPIENTS: DOES HF ETIOLOGY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) have direct cardiac and systemic effects. An important question in stem cell research is whether MPCs have a differential effect based on heart failure etiology. A recent NIH-funded phase II trial of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs) injected
Composite resin inlay in the restoration of enamel defects in deciduous molars

Objective To investigate the efficacy of composite resin inlay in the restoration of enamel defects in deciduous molars.Methods 203 deciduous molars with enamel defects were randomly assigned to receive composite resin inlay ( 99 molars,resin-inlay group ),or direct composite resin filing ( 104 molars,resin-filling group ).All the molars were examined one year after restoration; and the modified USPHS-criteria was used for assessment.Results The clinical success rate differed significantly between the resin-inlay group and the resin-filling group in retention,marginal adaptation,secondary caries,gingival index,reaction of the pulp,and abrasion level ( 94.9％,92.9％,90.9％,92.9％,94.9％,and 88.9％ in the former group; P＜ 0.05 ).Although the clinical success rate of color match was higher in the group with resin-inlay ( 87.9％ ) than in the group with resin-filling,but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Composite resin inlay is more efficacious than direct composite resin filling. Key words: Composite resin; Inlay; Deciduous molars
Golf, networking, and accounting education: A gendered approach

Abstract Networking through golf is recognized in the business world as one possible component of professional development. After documenting an underrepresentation of females during the annual departmental golf outing at a regional public university, we developed this study using the action research methodology to measure the success of various iterations of a student-golf program created in response to this gender diversity gap. The motivation behind implementation of the program is to train more female students in this non-traditional skillset because it may otherwise prove as a limitation to important networking opportunities that may hinder those individuals’ success in public accounting. Using various structures of the Golf Links program, we find a tradeoff between more thoroughly developing the skillset of a small number of students as compared to providing limited instruction to a larger number of students. Given the feedback from accounting professionals suggesting that non-golfers do not see the networking value in learning golf, we find that providing a brief introduction to the sport to a wider number of students may be more effective in overcoming that hurdle and incentivizing students to pursue golf on their own as a means of professional networking.
Ultra-compact Design of Power Splitters via Machine Learning

We demonstrate efficient ultra-compact power splitters designed via machine learning algorithm viz. binary-additive reinforcement learning algorithm. Two different splitter geometries (Y- and T- junctions) are shown; each with an area footprint of 1.2 x 1.2 µm2. The simulated insertion loss is < 1dB for both.