cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphological and biological characteristics of mammogram-detected invasive breast cancer

Thirty-nine mammographically detected, (M-detected) small invasive carcinomas of the breast ( or = 10 mm) for a variety of morphological and biological markers of prognostic importance. There were more tubular carcinomas in the M-detected group (12.8% v 3.8%), but this did not reach statistical significance. Incidences of other histological types were similar. The types of associated in situ component were similar in the two groups. M-detected cancers were of lower overall grade (P < .001), lower architectural and nuclear grades (P = .0164 and P < .0001 respectively), and had fewer mitotic cells (P < .0001). None showed positive lymph nodes (P < .0001). Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression was similar in both groups. M-detected cancers expressed p53 nuclear protein less frequently than clinical cancers (P = .0398), had lower levels of microvessel density (P = .0001), and were more often diploid (P = .0131). S-phase of diploid tumors in the two groups was similar, but S-phase of aneuploid tumors was lower in the M-detected group (P = .0057). Ki67 expression was lower in M-detected cancers (P < .0001). In conclusion, M-detected small breast cancers, although invasive, represent an evolutionary phase of breast cancer that generally lacks morphological and biologic markers of aggressive behavior. The presence or absence of these markers, collectively, may explain the influence of tumor size on survival in patients with breast cancer.
The growing belief that people with mental illnesses are violent: the role of the dangerousness criterion for civil commitment

In response to a controversy concerning whether the stigma of mental illness has declined significantly in the United States in the past several decades, we assessed changes in public perceptions that mentally ill people are violent. Specifically, we compared answers to an open-ended question regarding respondents' understanding of the term “mental illness” from two nationally representative surveys, one conducted in 1950 and one in 1996. In an earlier paper, we reported the finding that perceptions of violence not only failed to decrease but actually increased significantly between 1950 and 1996. In this paper, we explore the possibility that the dangerousness criterion for involuntary commitment, widely adopted in the United States beginning in the 1960s, has contributed to the unexpected increase in perceptions that mentally ill people are dangerous. We find that, among respondents who mention violence in their description of a mentally ill person, the percentage who use “dangerous to self or others” phrasing to indicate this belief increased substantially, from 4.2% in 1950 to 44.0% in 1996. Moreover, eliminating these respondents from consideration, there was a slight decrease in perceptions of violence between 1950 and 1996. We discuss the possibility that the adoption of the dangerousness criterion, which was intended to protect the civil liberties of mentally ill persons, may also have had the unintended consequence of increasing the stigma of mental illness in the United States.
Comment: Naming the Problem in Nebaj

Stall's essay is an important intervention in the scholarly discussion of the dynamics of migration and the chains that simultaneously link and oppress friends and families in transnational movement. Exploring the transformation of dreams of better work and remuneration into nightmares of default and dashed hopes, Stoll shows that the human commodity chain can be danger ously destructive as debt wreaks havoc on both sending and relocated migrant communities. He exposes the new problems of debt-financed migration in the case of one (atypical) western Guatemalan town, Nebaj, reaching widely to augment description with insights, analysis, and judg ments that open much terrain for debate. The description of what has occurred in Nebaj draws from Stoll's past and more recent fieldwork. He describes a community dislocated by the devastat ing military violence of the 1980s and subsequently revived with the unique "aid bonanza" created by an influx of international donors captivated by the Ixil people. The bonanza has contributed to an abundance of sources of credit, both formal and informal, that has led to a bubble economy, debt-financed illegal migration, and predatory lending. Interviews with 24 recruiters and/or moneylenders (in 2007 and 2008) and some 42 borrowers (in 2009) inform Stoll's often vivid narrative of the community's troubled realities. Dramatic accounts of Do?a Maria, Do?a Esperanza, and Do?a Sara's experiences, the trials and traumas of migrant husbands and sons, and the costs of a bursting bubble provide compelling evidence of the quicksand of easy credit and the smuggling of people. Ample as the portrait is, however, a tendency to make sweeping statements about Nebaj and the Ixil calls attention to what has been overlooked in Stoll's account. It is not clear, for example, how he knows that "only a handful" of the more than 3,000 Nebajenses who "have gone north" have done so legally. And, if less than an estimated 30 percent of the house holds in Nebaj are involved directly in the activities that are the focus of the essay, how do the dynamics of debt-driven migration fit within the larger local context of the "most bustling town in the region"? Stoll emphasizes the agency of the Ixil when assuming that their shared desire to superar (get ahead) is a key part of the debt problem. The description of what has hap pened in Nebaj seems incomplete with regard to differences among Ixil and the views, voices, and self-perceptions of the agents that it presents. Further exploration of behaviors and personal agency is constrained by Stoll's efforts to place his case study in a scholarly context. The analytical framework and its theoretical underpinnings are not explicit or justified, how ever, and there are assumptions that affect his anthropological insights. For
Seed Reserves and Seedling Development in Winter Wheat

(...) Excision of endosperm delayed the first two phyllochrons, prevented outgrowth of the coloptilar tiller, an sligtly delayed the appearance of the next two tillers. Plant dry weight, leaf numbers and dimensions, number of nodal roots, and total numbers of tillers were all affected by endosperm excision. The combined area of the first two leaves was linearly correlated with aleurone area for all seed treatments (...)
Two-amplitude model for the energy dependence of double charge exchange on 18O.

A naive two-amplitude model, in which one amplitude is independent of energy and the other is 2chemically bondT/sub 33/chemically bond/sup 2/e/sup 2i//sup phi//sup =/, gives an excellent fit to the energy dependence of the double charge exchange cross section on /sup 18/O.
Unfolding and aggregation of a glycosylated monoclonal antibody on a cation exchange column. Part I. Chromatographic elution and batch adsorption behavior

A glycosylated IgG2 monoclonal antibody exhibits a two-peak elution behavior when loaded on a strong cation exchange column and eluted with either a linear salt gradient or two salt steps at increasing salt concentrations. The two-peak behavior is more pronounced for conditions where the initial antibody binding is stronger, i.e. at lower pH and buffer concentration, where the hold time prior to elution is longer, where the protein mass load is lower, and where the load flow rate is higher. The effect is also dependent on the resin type, being prominent for the polymer-functionalized resin Fractogel EMD SO₃(-) and virtually absent for a macroporous resin with similar backbone but no grafted polymers. Size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering show that the early eluting peak consists exclusively of the native monomeric species while the late eluting peak is a mixture of monomeric and aggregated species. Batch adsorption/desorption experiments show that the bound protein can be desorbed in two steps, with a fraction desorbed in 0.33 M NaCl, corresponding to native monomer, and a second fraction desorbed in 1M NaCl. The latter fraction decreases with protein mass load and becomes almost negligible when the resin is initially completely saturated with protein. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the two-peak elution/desorption behavior is related to the unique kinetics of protein binding in the Fractogel resin. Following partial loading of the resin, the bound protein migrates toward the center of the particles during a hold step and is redistributed across the particle volume attaining low local bound protein concentrations. For these conditions the protein is apparently destabilized forming a strongly-bound unfolded intermediate that, in turn, generates aggregates upon elution in high salt.
Chicken heterophil extracellular traps (HETs): Novel defense mechanism of chicken heterophils

Recent findings in mammals and fish have revealed that neutrophil nuclear material associated with cytoplasmic granular content is released in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that can trap and kill invading microorganisms in vitro and in vivo. To determine if a similar mechanism is present in chicken heterophils, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were used for stimulation of blood-derived heterophils. Stimulated heterophils produced structures that were characterized using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy as heterophil extracellular traps (HETs). Released HETs contained DNA, histone-DNA complex and elastase from heterophil cytoplasmic granules. HETs released from chicken heterophils are structurally similar to NETs found in mammalian and fish neutrophils. Extracellular DNA released from heterophils was quantified by Picogreen assay. Stimulation with PMA or H(2)O(2) significantly increased the HET-DNA release index in vitro compared to non-stimulated heterophils (1.11+/-0.04 and 1.55+/-0.10, respectively), and H(2)O(2) stimulation induced significantly higher HET-DNA release than PMA (P<0.001). Thus, HETs are now characterized as an important heterophil-mediated defense mechanism in chickens.
A modified Stoner-Wohlfarth computational model for hysteretic magnetic properties in a ferromagnetic composite rod under torsion

In this paper, a Stoner-Wohlfarth approach to magnetic hysteresis is used as a model for a ferromagnetic composite rod consisting of single domain `grains' with random orientations embedded in a non-magnetic matrix. The rod is considered to be under torsional stress, which means that the rod at each point on its outer surface is experiencing biaxial stress along axes at 45° relative to the rod axis, with one stress equal to and the other equal to -. A magnetic field is considered to act parallel to the rod axis. The modified Stoner-Wohlfarth model of Callegaro and Puppin is adapted to this biaxial stress configuration. Results computed using the adapted model are presented and compared to results computed previously that were obtained by applying the domain wall pinning model to the torsional stress situation. It was found that the adapted model results are not very sensitive to the maximum value of the field, while the opposite is true for results from the domain wall pinning model. Secondly, the coercivity increased with torque, instead of the opposite situation with the domain wall pinning model, where coercivity decreased with torque. Reasons for this behaviour are presented in the paper. Differences related to symmetry properties of the model are also discussed. Finally, the model exhibits the possibility of both first- and second-order transitions in the hysteresis curve for different values of torque.
Understanding Collaboration Outcomes From an Extended Resource-Based View Perspective: The Roles of Organizational Characteristics, Partner Attributes, and Network Structures†

Whereas mainstream strategy research tends to focus on atomistic and profit-seeking firms, this study focuses on not-for-profit organizations that participate in a collaboration network. Specifically, the authors extend the resource-based view by investigating how not-for-profit organizations' collaboration outcomes, reflected through a joint consideration of monetary and nonmonetary dimensions, may be affected by their organizational characteristics, partner attributes, and network structures. Their analyses of collaboration data from 52 not-for-profit networked organizations demonstrate the importance of unique resources at individual, dyadic, and network levels that allow these organizations to develop capabilities and competencies.
2-bit 1-Gsample/s electro-optic guided-wave analogue-to-digital convertor system

An electro-optic analogue-to-digital convertor system has been demonstrated at 1 Gsample/s. This system has been tested with low-frequency waveforms and by means of a beat-frequency technique with a 499 MHz test signal. Digital outputs are slowed in time and then fed into 125 MHz digital-toanalogue convertors which accurately reconstruct the beat signal, proving the compatibility of electra-optic signal processing with digital circuits.
Early Trends in PaO2/Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Ratio Predict Outcome in Lung Transplant Recipients With Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction

Background The development of severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a risk factor for perioperative death following lung transplantation. Our goal is to improve the predictive value of the earliest Pa o 2 /fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) measurements that gauge PGD severity. Methods We identified 96 patients with severe PGD (P/F Results The median percentage change in P/F over 12 h was + 52% (interquartile range, +20 to 90%). We observed the highest early mortality among those in the lowest quartile of the P/F trend (an increase in P/F ≤ 20%). Ninety-day death rates decreased across the quartiles (low quartile, 32%; low-mid quartile, 9%; high-mid quartile, 5%; high quartile, 5%; test for trend, p = 0.007). After adjustment for the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, those in the lowest quartile of P/F trend had 6.8 times the odds of early death vs patients with a more favorable trend (odds ratio, 6.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.73 to 0.51; p = 0.007). In the first 5 years after transplant, there were significantly more deaths within the low quartile group vs those with a more rapidly increasing P/F trend (log-rank test, p = 0.01). Conclusions Among lung recipients with severe PGD at ICU arrival, an improvement in P/F ≤ 20% in the first 12 h portends a poor outcome.
Cooperating leaky bucket for average rate enforcement of VBR video traffic in ATM networks

Because of the burstiness of video traffic, a very large sampling interval is needed to obtain acceptable cell loss probability. Previous studies reported very high cell loss probabilities for well-behaved sources when using the leaky bucket mechanism (LB) to police VBR video sources. In this paper, a mean rate policing mechanism called cooperating leaky bucket (CLB) is introduced. This mechanism can attain better cell loss probability by sharing the leaky buckets among all sources. In addition, it guarantees that the cell loss probability will never be higher than that obtained by LB. Depending on the number of traffic sources available, the cell loss probability can be significantly reduced when compared to LB. At the same time, the combined traffic entering the network is enforced to below the total negotiated traffic rate. Moreover, the additional overhead due to the implementation of CLB is minimal.
Is magnetic resonance imaging in addition to a computed tomographic scan necessary to identify clinically significant cervical spine injuries in obtunded blunt trauma patients

Abstract Background Guidelines are in place directing the clearance of the cervical spine in patients who are awake, alert, and oriented, but a gold standard has not been recognized for patients who are obtunded. Our study is designed to determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects clinically significant injuries not seen on computed tomographic (CT) scans. Methods The trauma registry was used to identify and retrospectively review medical records of blunt trauma patients from January 1, 2005, to March 30, 2012. Only obtunded patients with a CT scan and MRI of the cervical spine were included. Results The study cohort consisted of 277 patients. In 13 (5%) patients, MRI detected clinically significant cervical spine injuries that were missed by CT scans, and in 7 (3%) these injuries required intervention. The number needed to screen with MRI to prevent 1 missed injury was 21. Conclusions The findings suggest that the routine use of MRI in clearing the cervical spine in the obtunded blunt trauma patient.
CDC7-dependent protein kinase activity in yeast replicative-complex preparations

A protein kinase activity was identified in preparations of DNA-replicative complex from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The activity phosphorylated only a few of the endogenous proteins in the replicative fraction, and it displayed a marked preference for a 48-kDa polypeptide. Despite this relative specificity, the protein kinase activity was capable of utilizing exogenously added histone as substrate. The 48-kDa polypeptide was phosphorylated on serine residue(s) exclusively by the endogenous activity in the replicative-complex preparation. The activity was not stimulated by cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+/phosphatidylserine/diacylglycerol, or Ca2+/calmodulin. It did not utilize Ca2+ or Zn2+ in the place of Mg2+, and Mn2+ was only 22% as effective in fulfilling the divalent-cation requirement. Most importantly, the protein kinase activity was heat-sensitive in replicative fractions from the cell division cycle 7 (cdc7) mutant, which arrests at or close to the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle at restrictive temperature. Thus, the activity is CDC7-dependent. An effect of heat treatment on replicating activity in the replicative fraction from cdc7 cells was also found. This result and the finding that the protein kinase activity copurified with replicating activity in the preparations suggest that the CDC7 gene product and the protein kinase activity, whether or not they are the same entity, interact with yeast replicative complex. All of these results raise the possibility that phosphorylation of components of the replication machinery may play a role in the control of initiation of DNA replication during the cell cycle. It is possible that the phosphorylation observed is part of a protein kinase cascade that regulates progress through the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Women On Boards Of Directors: Effects On Firm Social Performance In The Basic Materials And Financial Services Sectors

This study examined relationships between the number of female board members, board tenure, and board size on the number of 10K investigations that were instigated against firms in the basic materials and financial services sectors of the economy. After controlling for the effects of firm size, we found evidence of an interaction effect between the number of female directors and average board tenure for firms in the financial services sector, such that a higher number of women on boards coupled with longer average board tenure results in higher firm social performance (i.e., the fewer the number of 10K investigations brought against the firm). No link was found between female directors and average board tenure for the basic materials firms. Further, no interactive patterns were observed between female directors and board size in either sector. Our findings suggest that future board research may benefit from a “contingency approach,” as this study has provided some evidence that the relationships between board characteristics and firm performance may not be generalizable from one sector to another. Future research should carefully consider how the sector or industry may affect the impact of board characteristics on firm performance.
Chemical and conformational events in regions of the myosin.

Structural changes in myosin may take place within the heavy chains, or may represent rearrangement of subunits. Changes induced by ATP and possibly restricted to the heavy chains are indicated by several different optical studies, including changes in absorbence of aromatic residues (1), changes in the fluorescene of dyes coupled to myosin (2), changes in electron spin resonance spectrum (3), and changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan residues (4, 5). A calcium dependent subunit rearrangement in scallop myosin is indicated by fluorescene depolarization studies (Cheung and Szent-Gyorgyi, unpublished observations). In scallop muscles, calcium regulates contraction by directly reacting with myosin (6), and the changes in the quaternary structure of myosin are likely to be related in the way calcium control works. At first I will disucss the changes of fluorenscene that Drs. Weber, Fasman, and I have described several years ago (4). Then I will speculate on the implications of a subunit rearrangement on the mechanism of regulatory light chain funciton.
Some Principles of Grid-Leak Grid-Condenser Detection

The action taking place in the grid-leak, grid-condenser method of detection is reduced to an equivalent circuit consisting of the grid-leak condenser impedance in series with the dynamic grid resistance. The effect of applying a signal voltage to the detector, as far as the rectified grid current is concerned, can be represented by the introduction in the equivalent circuit of a fictitious voltage that is determined by the signal, and by a single tube constant called the voltage constant. The voltage drop produced by this fictitious voltage across the grid-leak condenser impedance is the change of grid potential resulting from the detector action. A bridge method of measuring all detector constants is described. The effects of grid leak and condenser sizes are discussed, and the factors involved in the selection of conditions for best detection with telephone and telegraph signals are considered.
Levetiracetam monotherapy for liver transplant patients with seizures

Selecting an appropriate anticonvulsant for treatment of recipients of orthostatic liver transplants who have new-onset epileptic seizures can be challenging because first-line agents may contribute to worsening encephalopathy, alter the plasma concentration of immunosuppressive agents, and result in hepatotoxicity. We describe the case of a 55-year-old man who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation because of end-stage liver disease due to alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis C. He required two repeat transplantation procedures. After the last procedure, epileptic seizures developed, which were initially managed with phenytoin. However, the patient remained stuporous and mental status fluctuated. Breakthrough seizures later developed in the setting of rejection. Levetiracetam (500 mg orally, twice a day) was chosen for its favorable pharmacokinetic properties as an alternative to phenytoin. By the third day of levetiracetam therapy, the patient became more responsive. At most recent follow-up, 3 months after the start of levetiracetam therapy, the patient was still treated with levetiracetam monotherapy, and seizure control was judged to be excellent.
Dichloro{[2‐(1‐methylethoxy‐O)phenyl]‐methylene} tricyclohexylphosphine ruthenium (Hoveyda–Grubbs Catalyst)

[203714-71-0] C28H45Cl2OPRu (MW 600.61) InChI = 1S/C18H33P.C10H12O.2ClH.Ru/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-8(2)11-10-7-5-4-6-9(10)3;;;/h16-18H,1-15H2;3-8H,1-2H3;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = KMKCJXPECJFQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (well-defined, stable ruthenium carbene used as a recyclable olefin metathesis catalyst) Physical Data: mp 200–201 °C. Solubility: dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, alcohols, and other organic solvents. Form Supplied in: dark brown crystalline solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: carbene proton appears as a doublet (JPH = 4.4 Hz) by 1H NMR at 17.44 ppm. Preparative Methods: prepared by the treatment of Cl2Ru(PPh3)3 with 2-isopropoxyphenyldiazomethane in dichloromethane at −78 °C for 10 min. The PPh3 ligand is readily exchanged upon treatment with 2.0 equiv of PCy3 in dichloromethane. Purification: silica gel chromatography and recrystallization as thin needles by dissolution in warm hexanes and subsequent storage at 0 °C. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable indefinitely in air as a solid; oxidation of the carbene unit occurs slowly (weeks or months) when dissolved in non-distilled, non-degassed solvents.
A symbolic technique for automated characterization of the uniqueness and similarity of analog circuit design features

This paper presents a technique for automated generation of hierarchical classification schemes to express the main similarities and differences between analog circuits. The produced classification schemes offer insight about the uniqueness and importance of specific design features in setting various performance attributes as well as the limiting factors of designs. Hence, the classification schemes serve as a systematic way of relating one circuit design to alternatives. The automatically produced classification schemes for a set of OpAmps are discussed.
New Zealand Bodotriidae (Crustacea: Cumacea)

The cumacean fauna of New Zealand has been little studied, and recent collections on the Chatham Rise and Challenger Plateau have yielded many new species and new genera of Cumacea. A recent manuscript on the New Zealand Nannastacidae (Gerken 2012) increased the described New Zealand fauna by 66%. Within the Bodotriidae, 6 new species were discovered. The new species Apocuma chathamensis n. sp., A. sculpta n. sp., Bathycuma dayae n. sp., Cyclaspis petrescui n. sp., C. hayeae n. sp. and C. zealandiaensis n. sp. are described, and keys to all New Zealand Bodotriidae are provided.
IDENTIFICATION OF NON-HOMOGENEOUS SPHERICAL PARTICLES FROM THEIR SCATTERING MATRIX ELEMENTS

In this paper, a procedure is described to identify the structure of inhomogeneous spherical particles using polarized light. The scattering (Mueller) matrix elements are shown to provide valuable information about the spatial variation of the optical properties of a scattering particle. Two non-homogeneous systems are considered, i.e., a water droplet with soot accumulating at its surface and a coal particle surrounded by a soot cloud. For both systems, the results show that the Mueller matrix elements are sensitive to the thickness of soot layer and soot volume fraction on the surface layer. If the angular variation of the scattering matrix elements can be accurately measured, it would provide an important diagnostic tool in detecting the presence of inhomogeneity in the scattering particle. Since the elements vary considerably with changing soot volume fraction, an accurate measurement would also provide important quantitative information about the soot present in the shell layer. Copyright 0 1966 Elsevier Science Ltd
Tenderness Scores and Warner-Bratzler Shear Values for Broilers and Beltsville White Turkeys Fed Different Cereal Grains

Abstract THE effect of feed on the eating quality of poultry was reported by Lowe (1948). Considerable interest has been centered on the effect of feeding single and combination cereal grains on the palatability of broilers and turkeys. North (1941) fed turkeys corn, oats, barley, wheat, or rye and studied the effect of these grains on the tenderness of the turkey meat. Tenderness was measured subjectively by a taste panel. Some laboratories have measured tenderness objectively with a shearing apparatus; whereas, other laboratories have used both subjective and objective methods. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effect of feeding single and combination cereal grains on the tenderness of broilers and turkeys. Tenderness was measured by a taste panel and by means of a Warner-Bratzler Shearing apparatus. The relationship between tenderness scores and shear values also was investigated. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Broilers and turkeys were fed oats, corn, wheat, …
A Multi-ethnic City in Transition: Vilnius's Stormy Decade, 1939-1949

An American historian traces major changes in the demographic character of Vilnius during 1939-1949, a period encompassing the dislocation of its population and destruction during World War II as well as the city's ethnic and physical transformation prompted by incorporation into the USSR. More specifically, the paper, based in part on archival material, details and contrasts the circumstances prevailing during several distinctive periods in the city's mid-20th century history (September 1939-June 1941, June 1941-July 1944, and July 1944-1949), when it was exposed to five successive state jurisdictions (Poland, Lithuania, twice USSR, and Nazi Germany) and became the new Soviet capital of Lithuania. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O15, O18, R14. 1 figure, 89 references.
A Comparative Transcriptional Analysis of the Coding Regions in the CMS-T Unique Reading Frame between Fertile and T Male Sterile Cytoplasm

Cytoplasmic male sterility is a phenomenon where plants fail to shed viable pollen. There is considerable evidence that altered mitochondrial gene expression is responsible for cytoplasmic male sterility (cms). In Zea mays, there are three major types of male sterile cytoplasms: cms-T, cms-C and cms-S. These three types of cytoplasms are distinguished from each other on the basis of the specific nuclear genes that restore fertility. Pollen fertility can also be reestablished by cytoplasmic reversion, which is a cytoplasmically inherited change. Cytoplasmic reversion is naturally occurring in cms-S cytoplasm and can be selected in cms-T by tissue culture toxin selection schemes.
Assessing the Change of Practice by Physical Therapists After a Continuing Education Program

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in practice of physical therapists after a continuing education program. This experimentally-designed study used three methods to document change: self-report, record audit, and direct observation. The self-reporting method revealed a significant change of practice (p less than .01) by the physical therapists. The change was significant at two weeks after and at six months after the continuing education program.
Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Structural Evolution of ε-LiVOPO4 over Multiple Lithium Intercalation

In this work, we demonstrate the stable cycling of more than one Li in solid-state-synthesized e-LiVOPO4 over more than 20 cycles for the first time. Using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements, we present a comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamics, kinetics, and structural evolution of e-LixVOPO4 over the entire lithiation range. We identify two intermediate phases at x = 1.5 and 1.75 in the low-voltage regime using DFT calculations, and the computed and electrochemical voltage profiles are in excellent agreement. Operando PDF and EXAFS techniques show a reversible hysteretic change in the short ( 2.4 A) during low-voltage cycling. Hydrogen intercalation from electrolyte decomposition is a possible explanation for the ∼2.4 A V—O bond and its irreversible extension. Finally, we show tha...
Trends of skin cancer mortality after transplantation in the United States: 1987 to 2013

Background Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of skin cancer, but population-based mortality data are limited. Objective Mortality and predictors of skin cancer death posttransplantation were investigated. Methods All US organ transplant recipients between 1987 and 2013, identified through the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Standard Transplant Analysis and Research file, were included. Mortality and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for the overall population and patient subgroups. Results The overall mortality was 5308 per 100,000 person-years and the skin cancer–specific mortality was 35.27 per 100,000 person-years. Risk factors associated with skin cancer death included thoracic versus abdominal transplantation (HR 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.52-3.34), age over 50 years (HR 2.86, CI 2.43-3.38), white race (HR 6.29, CI 4.63-8.53), and male sex (HR 1.85, CI 1.57-2.19). Mortality was highest for malignant melanoma (mortality of 11.48), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (mortality of 4.94) and Merkel cell carcinoma (mortality of 4.59). Limitations Limitations of this study included potential underreporting and misclassification of death from skin cancer in the data set. Conclusion Mortality from posttransplantation skin cancer is reported. Older patients, male patients, white patients, and thoracic transplant recipients had increased mortality from skin cancer.
Effect of methylphenidate preexposure on methylphenidate-induced conditioned taste avoidance

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117 e47 Support, traumatization, and employment differences in drug court outcomes Diane Morse1, Catherine Cerulli 1, Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay2, Joseph J. Guido2, Hongmei Yang2, John L. Wilson1, F. Taxman3 1 Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States 2 Biostatistics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States 3 Criminology, Law & Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States Aims: Adult drug treatment court (ADTC) outcomes in relation to social support, trauma, and employment are poorly understood. We examined these outcomes and related factors. Methods: Bivariate analysis using chi square and t-test assessed the following outcomes: substance abuse, arrests, health problems, emotional problems, social risk problems, and recovery environment risk using Global Appraisal of Individual Need data collected as part of a multi-site study examining drug use, recidivism, service utilization and treatment. ADTC clients from twelve sites were included (N=666 male, 915 female). Independent variables included: gender, race, age, years of education, income, partner status, employment, social support, traumatization, and traumagenic factors. Results: Social support was associated with a decreased likelihood of arrest (p< .033), substance abuse (p< .001), recovery environment risk (p< .001) and social risk index (p< .001). Victimization within the past year was associated with increased substance use (p< .001), social risk problems (p< .008), and recovery environment risk (p< .001). Employment within the past year was associated with decreased recovery environmental risk (p< .024) and substance use (p< .001). Female gender was associated with an increased likelihood of reduction in substance abuse (p< .038). Conclusions:Desirable ADTCoutcomes derive from: Social support related to 4 of 6 outcomes. Victimization history related to 3 of 6 outcomes. Employment related to 2 of 4 outcomes. Client victimization related to ADTC outcomes. Addressing victimization and employment appear important to improve outcomes, as supported by these findings. Future analyses will examine whether these findings are robust in a multivariate analysis, controlling for trauma-informed treatment as well as a rasch based outcome model to determine factors that affect multiple outcomes. Financial support: NIDA 1K23DA031612-01A1, SAMHSA/Center for Substance Abuse Treatment 270201200001c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.498 Effect of methylphenidate preexposure on methylphenidate-induced conditioned taste avoidance Mirabella Muller, Bradley B. Wetzell, Shaun M. Flax, Heather E. King, Anthony L. Riley Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC,
Effects of Policy on Competition in Telecom Equipment Markets: Insights from a Multi-Level Multi-Method Study

Telecom network equipment markets continue to play a significant role in shaping the global information and communications system. At one level, network equipment influences network performance attributes and has direct bearings on the dynamics of innovation at higher layers of the Internet ecosystem. More strategically, participating in network equipment markets is of vital importance for nations in the present era when the openness of the Internet is challenged by actions of many stakeholders. During the past decade, momentum in global equipment markets has shifted from established players such as Ericsson, Nokia Siemens, Alcatel-Lucent and Cisco to emerging firms such as Huawei. Consolidation and takeovers have strongly affected the number of North American network equipment suppliers and raised the question of whether and how public policy could contribute to preventing further decline.Determining how policy choices affect firm-level competitive advantage in the oligopolistic telecom equipment markets is a complex task. Three major challenges need to be overcome that no single method of analysis can handle well. First, the telecom equipment sector is inherently dynamic with ever-changing technology and market dynamics. Second, data documenting the industry and its main players are heterogeneous, of non-uniform quality, and need to be dealt with at different levels of aggregation (firms, nations) simultaneously. Third, due to endogenous and independent decisions at multiple levels (firms, nations), the determination of future scenarios is enormously difficult. Thus, there is a lack of understanding and of strong inference about whether and how public policies, – including measures affecting research and development (RD 2G, 3G, LTE; and optical networks. Data for these analyses were collected from several sources, including Infonetics, Ovum, and public sector databases. We used several econometric techniques including machine-learning approaches to overcome the challenges of heterogeneous data. We then took the findings of these models to build dynamic simulation models of competition that allow us to relax the constraints of the empirical analysis based on historical data, and study the effects of various policy decisions on outcomes such as market shares and revenues. Our analysis illuminates four sets of lessons: First, we demonstrate the limitations of the available data and its implications for what we can and cannot learn about telecom market even after comprehensive modeling efforts. Second, we discuss how competition has changed in the telecom equipment markets over time and how, despite it being an oligopolistic and overall a fairly stable market, certain firms have exploited competitive advantage by sustained commitment to RD Europe, Middle East, and Africa; Central and Latin America, and Asia Pacific.
Design Implications of Elliptical Planform Wings

Wings with elliptical planforms have attained a mythical status in the world of aircraft design. If one believes the canon of existing literature, one can achieve the ideal lift distribution for minimum lift induced drag using an untwisted planar wing with an elliptical planform. We examined the validity of this widely held belief and determined that it is at best only approximately true. In the absence of a fuselage, an untwisted elliptical planform planar wing has a good, but not remarkable, transverse lift distribution. Moreover, as the aspect ratio diminishes, the performance of rectangular planforms improves to such an extent that the design utility of the elliptical planform is lost. We found that moderate aspect ratio elliptical planform wings are counterproductive to good design practice; their stall characteristics are unfavorable. If the designer includes a fuselage, its presence alters the transverse lift distribution to such an extent to negate all of the supposed benefits of using an untwisted elliptical planform
Measuring the Effect of Labor-Management Complementarities on Production and Efficiency

Existing studies find that labor-management complementarities (LMCs) exist. This paper adds to that literature by quantifying the effect of LMCs on levels of, and differences in, production and efficiency. I find that levels of LMCs are sometimes positively but other times negatively related to levels of production and efficiency. However, differences in LMCs are strictly positively associated with differences in production and efficiency, implying that relatively stronger LMCs are associated with relatively greater production and efficiency. Overall, the results of this study suggest that LMCs are important to firms, particularly when outperforming their competitors.
Psychotherapeutic routes to structural change.

The changes in psychic structure attributed to the effects of interpretation when they transpire during psychoanalysis occur spontaneously in the course of normal development. The parental behaviors associated with the changing structure of the normally developing personality are similar to various specific and nonspecific features called «supportive» in psychotherapy. These features include interventions that promote a «learning» state by optimizing anxiety, foster a sense of self and of agency, encourage mature relationships, and strengthen adaptive defenses
MO‐E‐BRB‐01: Panel Member

In this interactive session, lung SBRT patient cases will be presented to highlight real-world considerations for ensuring safe and accurate treatment delivery. An expert panel of speakers will discuss challenges specific to lung SBRT including patient selection, patient immobilization techniques, 4D CT simulation and respiratory motion management, target delineation for treatment planning, online treatment alignment, and established prescription regimens and OAR dose limits. Practical examples of cases, including the patient flow thought the clinical process are presented and audience participation will be encouraged. This panel session is designed to provide case demonstration and review for lung SBRT in terms of (1) clinical appropriateness in patient selection, (2) strategies for simulation, including 4D and respiratory motion management, and (3) applying multi imaging modality (4D CT imaging, MRI, PET) for tumor volume delineation and motion extent, and (4) image guidance in treatment delivery. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the established requirements for patient selection in lung SBRT 2. Become familiar with the various immobilization strategies for lung SBRT, including technology for respiratory motion management 3. Understand the benefits and pitfalls of applying multi imaging modality (4D CT imaging, MRI, PET) for tumor volume delineation and motion extent determination for lung SBRT 4. Understand established prescription regimes and OAR dose limits
New Technology for Voluntary Sterilization

Recent technological developments in male and female sterilization methods are reviewed. 33% of all vasectomies performed in the U.S. from 1961 to 1970 were performed in 1970. Animal studies are being conducted with various reversible intravasal occlusive devices. The materials used include gold stainless steel plastic and ceramic. Electrocautery is increasingly being used for simple vasectomy. By cauterizing the lumen of the proximal end reanastomosis becomes technically simpler. A bipolar electrocautery unit is presently under clinical evaluation. An incisionless approach to vas occlusion using transcutaneous diathermy has been developed. Silicone plugs thread and tubes have been used for vas occlusion. Tantalum clips are presently being promoted for vas and tubal occlusion. Injectable ethanol or quinacrine are being studied as vas occlusive agents in rats. An increase in antibody titers has been observed in 50% to 60% of vasectomized men although the long-term effects of autoimmunity are not known. The success rate for reanastomosis varies considerably. Development of the laparoscope has greatly facilitated female sterilization and allows the procedure to be performed on an outpatient basis. Culdoscopy affords a vaginal approach for sterilization. Both culdoscopy and laparoscopy are somewhat limited in application and their use will probably be centered around large clinics. Colpotomy seems to be ideal for widespread application in developing countries. Methods of tubal occlusion include the use of ligatures with sectioning cautery with or without sectioning tantalum hemoclips and plastic and metal spring-loaded clips. Devices are being developed that can deliver chemical occlusive agents to the fallopian tubes without endoscopic visualization.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE SMALL NUCLEAR RNAs IN A CELL-FREE SYSTEM FROM MOUSE MYELOMA CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biosynthesis of the small nuclear RNAs in a cell-free system from mouse myeloma cells. When isolated nuclei were incubated with 3H-S-adenosyl methionine in the presence of soluble protein extract, small amounts of labeled RNA with identical electrophoretic mobility with the small nuclear RNAs was found. The bulk of the label was found on the 4.5S tRNA precursor and ribosomal rRNA precursors. After digestion with RNase T2, 70% of the label in small nuclear RNAs was found on oligonucleotides with a charge of −5 to −6.5. These oligonucleotides were cap I and cap II structures with label in 2,2,7trimethyl guanosine and 2′-OCH3 adenosine. In contrast the 4.5S tRNA precursor gave predominately labeled mononucleotides and the rRNA precursor labeled dinucleotides. Methylation of the small nuclear RNAs and the 4.5S tRNA precursor was dependent on the presence of all 4 ribotriphosphates, sensitive to actinomycin D and 100 μg/ml α-amanitin, while rRNA methylation was largely (>80%) independent of transcription. It was concluded that the small nuclear RNAs are probably synthesized from a larger precursor, not processed in isolated nuclei but processed and capped in the presence of the protein extract.
Application of Polymer Reaction Modeling to Nonenzymatic Polynucleotide Replication

Methods of polymer reaction engineering were used to develop a mechanistic model of nonenzymatic polynucleotide replication. The model is made possible by the rate constants developed by Rajamani et al. This model treats the ideas of stalling proposed by Rajamani in a direct kinetic mechanism. When one assumes that multiple incorrect insertions in a row are unlikely, the model returns estimates of the error threshold very much in agreement with the modified Eigen model (based on probability arguments) proposed by Rajamani. In addition, the current model gives average lengths of poly­nucleotides, categorized by ultimate nucleoside (type and correct/incorrect) as well as the average lengths of interior and terminal sequences of correct and incorrect insertions in a row. When the insights of Leu et al. (specifically, that incorrect additions following an incorrect addition are likely) are included into the model, the error threshold will drop to unrealistic levels. To compensate for this, a mechanism for the “recycle” of incorrect strands (via hydrolysis and repolymerization) was included. Calculations indicate that even with a “correction” mechanism (hydrolysis of chain containing errors), the error threshold drops to an unacceptable value.