cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Phrasal Expressions List

There is little dispute that formulaic sequences form an important part of the lexicon, but to date there has been no principled way to prioritize the inclusion of such items in pedagogic materials, such as ESL/EFL textbooks or tests of vocabulary knowledge. While wordlists have been used for decades, they have only provided information about individual word forms (e.g. the General Service List (West 1953) and the Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000)). This article addresses this deficiency by presenting the PHRASal Expressions List (PHRASE List), a list of the 505 most frequent non-transparent multiword expressions in English, intended especially for receptive use. The rationale and development of the list are discussed, as well as its compatibility with British National Corpus single-word frequency lists. It is hoped that the PHRASE List will provide a basis for the systematic integration of multiword lexical items into teaching materials, vocabulary tests, and learning syllabuses.
Why the increases in upper respiratory problems

The incidence of ear infections has roughly tripled in the last 25 years. Sinus infections and allergies also have increased. Asthma, triggered by chronic sinus infections and allergies, has paralleled the increases of otitis. These increases began in the early 1970s when antihistamines, decongestants, and combinations thereof, became available without prescription and were heavily advertised in the growing media of television. These drugs are designed to block the immune system's attempts to wash pollutants and irritants from the nasopharynx. The alternative is helping the immune system with this washing. I have used such a technique in my office for the past three years. Its rationale is discussed as well as my own experience.
Incidence and treatment of infantile haemangioma in preterm infants

Infantile haemangioma (IH) are vascular tumours with a unique growth dynamic, mostly absent at birth, growth in the first months followed by involution over several years, often resulting in residual skin changes. Immune-histologically, IH cells are exclusively glucose transporter protein-1 positive.The incidence of IH is increasing with decreasing gestational age, from 1–4% in term infants to 23% in those of
Vascular Effects of Hypertonic Solutions

During the course of an investigation into the treatment of metabolic acidosis arising from total body perfusion, it was noticed that the intra-arterial administration of concentrated alkalies resulted in a fall in arteriovenous pressure difference at constant flow. A similar decline in peripheral resistance could be produced by hypertonic sugar and salt solutions. This response was found to be independent of the central nervous system. The role of the vasodilatation in the complex vasomotor reaction to the rapid intravenous injection of hyperosmotic agents was then investigated in the intact and vagotomized dog. It was found that when concentrations of up to 1,500 mOsm./L. were used, the predominant response was a delayed hypotension consistent with peripheral vasodilatation. This reaction was complicated by preliminary pulmonary hypertension when solutions containing more than 2,000 mOsm./L. were administered. Twenty per cent NaCl produced such a severe initial phase that the animals frequently died from acute cor pulmonale. The site of obstruction to blood flow through the lungs was variable. Fifty percent glucose could incite pulmonary hypertension, but urea was anomalous in that it was never observed to produce pulmonary vascular effects. Studies in the isolated perfused lung indicated that, again with the exception of urea, all solutions with an osmolarity equal or greater than 5 per cent NaCl evoked pulmonary hypertension. The increase in pulmonary vascular resistance was transitory in spite of recirculation. No response could be elicited when red cells were absent from the perfusate even though, under these conditions, the lung was still sensitive to serotonin. Microscopic examination of the circulation through the brain, lung, mesentery and thigh of both cat and dog demonstrated that intravascular red-cell agglutination occurred after regional arterial injection of highly concentrated salt and sugar solutions. This alteration in the stability of the red-cell stream is considered to be responsible for the obstructive effects of hyperosmotic agents previously attributed to vasospasm.
I-RBAC: Isolation enabled role-based access control

Access control is a means by which the ability to access the system is explicitly enabled or restricted in some way. Access control system enables an authority to control access to areas and resources in a given physical facility or computer-based information system. In Role-based Access Control (RBAC) model, access to resources is based on the role of the user in an organization. Previous RBAC models have encountered various problems in meeting the growing and diverse security needs of the organizations. Hence, we propose Isolation Enabled Role-based Access Control (I-RBAC) model. The basic idea of our model is to incorporate the isolation concepts into the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) RBAC model such that it can be applied in a broader domain. In I-RBAC, the operation on an object by the role is executed inside isolation environment if the role or the operation is predefined to be isolated. Typical roles include inexperienced personnel (such as intern doctors) and delegatee. At the end of each session a security check for accumulated modifications will notify the user about the consistency of the environments. Evaluation of the implementation of the prototype on a Health Care System demonstrates the effectiveness of I-RBAC model. The key idea is to ensure system availability at all times for all the roles, while simultaneously ensuring the system integrity and security. Another main advantage is that, it would be a cost-effective alternative to building a separate RBAC system to enable otherwise disallowed accesses, such as the training roles.
Sabbatical leaves for nurse-midwives in clinical practice

The demands of clinical practice seldom allow for time to pursue academic writing, teaching, or the development of individual advanced skills. The burnout rate in professions such as nurse-midwifery cannot be ignored. This article describes how one nurse-midwifery clinical practice implemented a short, rotating sabbatical; specific goals and guidelines are presented. It concludes that a sabbatical leave can be considered as one of many job-related benefits.
Emerging horizons of salivary diagnostics for periodontal disease

The field of salivary diagnostics to allow risk determination for periodontal diseases is advancing. New technologies in proteomics, genomics and nanotechnologies have continued the discovery of discriminatory periodontal disease biomarkers. This review briefly overviews biomarker studies that have been completed in saliva for the detection of periodontal disease since 2010. Disease specific biomarkers could be used in risk determination, treatment planning and disease progression. Currently, diagnostic tests are commercially available, and the development of point-of-care tests is expanding. Even though challenges remain, salivary diagnostics for periodontal disease is promising and could facilitate the diagnostics and treatment in a clinical practice by dental practitioners.
The Adaptative Mechanisms of Trypanosoma Brucei for Sterol Homeostasis in Its Different Life-Cycle Environments

Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei do not synthesize sterols de novo and therefore cannot survive in medium devoid of lipoproteins. Growth of parasites is essentially supported by receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), which carry phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. These lipids are released from internalized LDL after apoprotein B-100 is degraded by acidic thiol-proteases in the endolysosomal apparatus and then metabolized, as in mammalian cells. The LDL receptor is recycled and its expression is regulated by the sterol stores. Documented pharmacological and immunological interferences with LDL receptor-mediated lipid supply to the bloodstream forms are summarized, and the potential for new approaches to fight against these parasites is evaluated. In contrast to bloodstream forms, cultured procyclic forms can acquire sterols from both exogenous (lipoprotein endocytosis) and endogenous (biosynthesis of ergosterol) sources. The rate-limiting steps of both endocytosis (surface LDL receptor expression) and biosynthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity) are regulated by the cellular content of sterol. These two pathways thus complement each other to yield a balanced sterol supply, which demonstrates adaptative capacities to survive in totally different environments and fine regulatory mechanisms of sterol homeostasis.
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in food crops

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound commonly found in biosolids. Thus, plants grown in biosolids-amended soil may be exposed to TCS. We evaluated the plant toxicity and accumulation potential of biosolids-borne TCS in two vegetables (lettuce and radish) and a pasture grass (bahia grass). Vegetables were grown in growth chambers and grass in a greenhouse. Biosolids-amended soil had TCS concentrations of 0.99, 5.9, and 11 mg/kg amended soil. These TCS concentrations represent typical biosolids containing concentrations of 16 mg TCS/kg applied at agronomic rates for 6 to 70 consecutive years, assuming no TCS loss. Plant yields (dry wt) were not reduced at any TCS concentration and the no observed effect concentration was 11 mg TCS/kg soil for all plants. Significantly greater TCS accumulated in the below-ground biomass than in the above-ground biomass. The average bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were 0.43 ± 0.38 in radish root, 0.04 ± 0.04 in lettuce leaves, 0.004 ± 0.002 in radish leaves, and <0.001 in bahia grass. Soybean (grain) and corn (leaves) grown in our previous field study where soil TCS concentrations were lower (0.04-0.1 mg/kg) had BAF values of 0.06 to 0.16. Based on the data, we suggest a conservative first approximate BAF value of 0.4 for risk assessment in plants.
Adult education at the margins: A literature review

This chapter reviews the literature related to the historical, philosophical, and contextual issues that frame why adult education sits at the margins of the academy and society.
Performance engineering of software systems: a case study

This paper summarizes the concepts of performance engineering in large software systems and illustrates the application of performance engineering techniques to the early design phase of a large database system.Performance engineering is a methodology for evaluating the performance of software systems throughout their life cycles. The case study given here demonstrates that it is possible to predict resource usage patterns of complex software systems even in early design phases of the system, although detailed predictions of resource usage are not likely to be validated. The results presented here show the leverage of considering performance implications in the early design phases of a software project.
A new oviraptorosaurid (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of southern China

Oviraptorosaurians are generally regarded as non-avian theropod dinosaurs (Gauthier, 1986; Barsbold et al., 1990, 2000a; Barsbold, 1997; Sereno, 1999). Some recent phylogenetic analyses show that oviraptorosaurs fall within Aves, and they are hypothesized to be secondarily flightless birds (Maryanska et al., 2002; Lii et al., 2002). Most oviraptorosaurs are known from Mongolia (Osborn, 1924; Barsbold, 1976, 1981, 1983; Norell et al., 2001a; Clark et al., 1999, 2001), although Chirostenotes (Sues, 1997) is known from North America. In China, in addition to the basal oviraptorosaur Caudipteryx (Ji et al., 1998; Zhou et al., 2000; Sereno, 1999; Holtz, 2000, 2001; Norell et al., 2001b; Xu et al., 2002), only one specimen of oviraptorid oviraptorosaur has been reported (Dong and Currie, 1996), and it is not well preserved. Here, a new oviraptorosaur from a single quarry in southern China is reported, providing the first solid evidence of a derived oviraptorid from outside the Gobi region. Based upon a partial skeleton (HYMV 1-1), the new material is placed within Oviraptorosauria based on its high, short, toothless skull with pneumatized caudal vertebrae, anteriorly concave pubic shaft, and posteriorly concave ischium (Barsbold et al., 1990, 2000b; Makovicky and Sues, 1998). New characters described here further support the avialan status of oviraptorosaurs.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Calcium Propionate Added as Preservative to Bread

A simple and rapid gas chromatographic procedure was developed for determining low concentrations of propionate added as a preservative to bread. A bread sample to be analyzed was ground in a meat grinder with a 3 mm hole plate and finely divided by rubbing through a No. 8 sieve. The propionate was then extracted into 0.050M formic acid in a blender at low speed for 5 min, and an aliquot of a filtrate was analyzed directly by gas chromatography. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Carbopack C column coated with 0.3% (w/w) Carbowax 20M and 0.1% (w/w) phosphoric acid. Less than 0.2 ppm propionic acid could be detected in the aqueous extract. Over the range of 0.03-0.23% calcium propionate, average relative error was -1.20% with an average coefficient of variation of 2.02%.
Lumen-apposing covered self-expanding metal stent for management of benign gastrointestinal strictures

Background and aims: Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are safe and effective for endoscopic management of malignant gastrointestinal strictures, but there is limited experience with their use in refractory benign strictures. We assessed the use of a new lumen-apposing covered SEMS for the management of benign gastrointestinal strictures. Methods: A single-center case-series of five patients who underwent lumen-apposing covered SEMS placement for benign gastrointestinal strictures. Results: Three patients had a benign gastroduodenal stricture, one had a distal colonic anastomotic stricture, and one with complete gastrojejunal anastomotic stenosis underwent endoscopic creation of a new gastrojejunostomy. None of the patients developed any immediate or delayed stent-related adverse events. In two patients, the stents were left in place indefinitely. Stents were removed from the other three patients with successful resolution of their symptoms during follow-up. Conclusion: Lumen-apposing, fully covered SEMS appear to be safe and effective for management of selected benign gastrointestinal strictures.
Inversion-type InP MOSFETs with EOT of 21 Å using atomic layer deposited Al2 O3 gate dielectric

We present results on n-channel inversion-type InP metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with atomic-layer-deposited Al 2 O 3 gate dielectric using the gate-last process. InP MOSFETs with an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 21 A were realized with high performance including a drive current of 50 mA/mm, an extrinsic transconductance of 44.2 mS/mm, a subthreshold swing of 90 mV/dec, and a peak effective electron mobility of 745 cm 2 /Vs for a 50 μm gate length. The transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements demonstrate an interface between Al 2 O 3 and InP substrates with high quality and good thermal stability. The effects of fast and slow traps on the transistor performance have also been investigated using constant electrical stress measurements and pulse measurements.
Community Approaches to Promoting Positive Mental Health and Psychosocial Well-Being

Positive mental health for children includes having emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Communities provide an accessible and rich context for mental health services and programs for African American youth. Community approaches to positive mental health and psychosocial well-being recognize that children’s well-being can be enhanced within the community they live and attend school in. Formal mental health service such as that provided by hospitals and clinics may pose barriers to treatment including lack of access, limited culturally competent providers, stigma, and historical mistrust. Mental health services provided in community settings (e.g., faith-based institutions, homes, youth-serving organizations) may reduce access barriers, offer treatment professionals who are culturally similar and reduce some of the stigma surrounding mental health seeking and treatment. Services may promote good mental and psychosocial well-being directly (e.g., in-home counseling) or indirectly through impacting factors such as self-esteem or social relationships (e.g., Boys and Girls Clubs, Girls Scouts). Several evidence-based and promising programs that target mental health and psychosocial well-being for African American children are discussed in this chapter including programs that (1) promote positive emotional and behavioral well-being; (2) prevent and decrease risky behaviors (e.g., substance use, delinquency, and sexual risk); (3) address depression and anxiety; and (4) promote cultural attributes.
Cohabitation and Marriage Licenses: A Research Note

Summary.-Of 573 marriage license applicants, members of 301 pairs had different addresses and members of 272 pairs had the same addresses. Telephone interviews with 78 couples verified that addresses on the applications provided a valid measure of cohabitation. More cohabiting pairs had been divorced. Younger persons more often intended to marry. Cohabitation, according to most available evidence, has increased dramatically during the last two decades. Efforts to estimate the level of cohabitation have used current population surveys (3, 5) and survey data from young, never married populations (1, 2, 6). A different approach has been uthzed by Gwartney-Gibbs (4) who has assumed that the same address for bride and groom on marriage license applications indicated cohabitation and reported an increase in same-address applications from 13% in 1970 to 53% in 1980 for her Oregon county. This paper addresses the general issue of cohabitation by focusing on three questions. First, is the assumption that the same address for applicants for marriage licenses involves cohabitation a valid one? Second, how do cohabitors and noncohabitors differ in age and prior marital experience? Third, do cohabiting couples who intended marriage differ from those who had no such expectations? Information regarding age, prior marital experience, and the addresses given by the bride and groom was obtained from all marriage license applications completed and returned in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, from January 1 through June 30, 1987. A total of 573 applications were completed, with 301 (52.5 %) having different addresses for the individuals applying to marry. During September and October 1987 attempts were made by telephone to contact the 272 couples who had given the same address. Those reached were asked if they had cohabited prior to marriage and, if so, whether they had marriage intentions when they began to live together. A total of 78 couples were reached by telephone. Of the 194 who could not be contacted, 122 had no telephone at the time of attempted contact, 11 were not reached after ten attempts, and 61 others had moved out of the community. Because a large state university is located in the county, many of those who could not be found may have left following graduation. Among the 78 couples contacted, ten (12.8%) reported that they did not live
Electronic and optical properties of the group-III nitrides, their heterostructures and alloys

Various aspects of the electronic structure of the group III nitrides are discussed. The relation between band structures and optical response in the vacuum ultraviolet is analyzed for zincblende and wurtzite GaN and for wurtzite AlN and compared with available experimental data obtained from reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The spin-orbit and crystal field splittings of the valence band edges and their relations to exciton fine structure are discussed including substrate induced biaxial strain effects. The band-offsets between the III-nitrides and some relevant semiconductor substrates obtained within the dielectric midgap energy model are presented and strain effects which may alter these values are discussed. The importance of lattice mismatch in bandgap bowing is exemplified by comparing Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}N and In{sub x}Ga{sub 1{minus}x}N.
How Many Temporomandibular Joint Total Joint Alloplastic Implants Will Be Placed in the United States in 2030

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide a statistical projection of the number of alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) total joint replacements (TJRs) that will be performed in the United States through the year 2030. Materials and Methods The program directors of all 101 Commission on Dental Accreditation–accredited oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs in the United States were surveyed online by use of a questionnaire developed using Redcap (Chicago, IL) over a 6-week period (February 2015–March 2015). The questionnaire included 19 questions related to each program's TMJ disorder and TMJ TJR curricula, as well as clinical experience. In addition, members of the American Society of Temporomandibular Joint Surgeons were surveyed online using Redcap and via direct survey forms. Moreover, requests for the total number of TMJ TJR devices produced and implanted during the same period were made to the 3 manufacturers of Food and Drug Administration–approved TMJ TJR devices in the United States. Results The response rate among program directors was 52.5%, and the total number of TMJ TJR devices implanted in oral and maxillofacial surgery programs in 2005 was 412. This total increased by 38% to 572 in 2014. Statistically, this projects an increase of 58% over the next 16 years to 902 TMJ TJR operations by 2030 (95% prediction limits, 768 and 1,037). The total number of TMJ TJR devices distributed by one manufacturer increased from 430 in the year 2000 to 1,004 in 2014 (133%). By use of these data, statistically over the next 16 years, the number of TMJ TJR devices distributed by this company is projected to be 1,658 (95% prediction limits, 1,380 and 1,935). Conclusions The data presented in this study show an increasing demand for the use of TMJ TJR devices in the management of end-stage TMJ disorders to the year 2030.
An ATEX-proof gamma tomography setup for measuring liquid distribution in process equipment

Abstract To measure non-intrusively the internal liquid distribution in various process equipment such as distillation columns or heat exchangers a gamma tomograph test rig was developed and installed. All non-ATEX-proof components were put inside a purged Plexiglas housing so that the tomograph can be placed inside an ATEX zone. A Cs-137 isotope inside a collimated source container creates a pencil beam detected by an opposite detector. The source-detector pair can be moved horizontally, vertically and rotated around the test object. The resulting data can be transformed to a cross-section of the test object using standard tomography algorithms. The maximum test object size is O 750 mm, the obtainable resolution about 0.12 lp/mm. To determine liquid distribution within a static object the ratio of the measured data with liquid flow to the equivalent data for a dry object is used. First results have been obtained for liquid distribution in a 440 mm column filled with structured packing.
Diversion or Democratization Do Rural, Hispanic, Community College Students Show Signs of Academic Undermatch?

This study examines the relationship between academic undermatch theory and the college-going decisions, experiences, and aspirations of first-generation, rural Hispanic community college students ...
AIDS: a historical overview.

This article describes the evolution of our awareness of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), from its first description in 1981 to the present. Important milestones described are the realization that the disease is a sexually transmitted infection also spread by blood transfusion, the isolation of the human immmunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the development of the HIV antibody test, the discovery of surrogate markers of disease progression, and the evolution of treatment. Also commented on are major changes in thinking that have come about because of the impact of the AIDS epidemic-in at-risk groups within society, among the general population, and among the medical community.
The complications of acute asthma in children. What they are and how to find them.

The complications of acute asthma in childhood include atelectasis with or without pneumonia, mucoid impaction of the bronchi, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum, spontaneous pneumothorax...
The response of Latino immigrants to the Great Recession: Occupational and residential (im)mobility:

During the Great Recession in the US, there were distinct housing and labour markets that were particularly hard hit. This was primarily due to the fact that the housing industry had fueled much of the recent economic growth. This article takes advantage of the shock to the construction industry to investigate the responses of Latino immigrants in metropolitan areas that were most heavily concentrated with Latino immigrants in the construction industry. As expected, there were large declines in the proportion of the Latino immigrant population that was working in the construction industry during the recession. There were some shifts of employment in the industry after the recession, but the biggest change was in the number of unemployed. While declines in construction jobs did predict moving out of a metropolitan area, decline in the overall job market had a larger impact on mobility. Finally, we find evidence that those who moved out of the metropolitan area were less likely to be employed, although it i...
Classification and Prediction of Human Behaviors by a Mobile Robot

Robots interacting and collaborating with people need to comprehend and predict their movements. We present an approach to perceiving and modeling behaviors using a 3D virtual world. The robot’s visual data is registered with the virtual world to construct a model of the dynamics of the behavior and to predict future motions using a physics engine. This enables the robot to visualize alternative evolutions of the dynamics and to classify them. The goal of this work is to use this ability to interact more naturally with humans and to avoid potentially disastrous mistakes.
Combustion of Lignocellulosic Biomass Based Oxygenated Components in a Compression Ignition Engine

Processes such as fast pyrolysis of whole biomass or base-catalyzed depolymerization of lignin produce complex mixtures of oxygenated compounds that must be upgraded to be suitable for blending with petroleum and processing in a refinery. Complete removal of these oxygenated compounds is exceedingly energy intensive, and it is likely that upgraded pyrolysis oils will contain up to 2% oxygen content to be economically viable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of oxygenated chemical components representative of those present in upgraded pyrolysis oil on diesel engine performance and emissions. Engine testing was performed by blending seven different oxygenated components and one multicomponent blend with certification ultralow sulfur diesel fuel and quantifying the performance and emissions from the combustion of these fuels in a four-cylinder, turbocharged, 4.5 L John Deere PowerTech Plus common rail, direct injection diesel engine that meets Tier 3 off-highway emissions ...
The King’s Sister(s), Mistresses, Bastard(s), and “Uncle” in The Tudors

Sex and tragedy shine throughout The Tudors. The series portrays Henry VIII as a rock star, constantly sleeping with different women and controlling the lives of those around him. It also regularly disrupts the space–time continuum to create what at first appears to be fictionalized history. Yet, it goes beyond that, for “The Tudors is best viewed not as a historical fiction but as a steamy period drama.” Though writer Michael Hirst prides himself on the amount of research he conducted, he also admits, “The show is supposed to be an entertaining soap opera and not history.” That statement accurately describes the entire series but is especially true of the way The Tudors portrays Henry’s family and mistresses. From his fictitious uncle’s assassination in the first scene of Episode 1:1 to the amalgamation of his two sisters into one person to the fabricated mistress Ursula Misseldon in Season Three, the series transforms history in a highly creative manner. This is important, for the stories Hirst invents about Henry, his extended family, and his mistresses produce much of the show’s drama and help to increase both its sex appeal and its tragic moments outside of the well-known accounts of Henry and his wives.1
Group Learning, Wage Dispersion and Non‐stationary Offers

Can differences in equilibrium beliefs among otherwise identical individuals account for a substantial degree of wage inequality? This paper shows that this is possible if two conditions are met. First, people learn about the distribution of wage offers from the experience of their peers, and second, people believe that wage offers are stationary even though offers that arrive later tend to have higher wages than offers that arrive earlier. Peer groups can then end up with different stable beliefs that lead to intergroup wage differences. The non‐stationarity of offers is rationalized in a model where firms can either advertise their job openings or not, and where advertised ones have more influence on more inexperienced job searchers. A statistic is proposed whose application to existing studies suggests that the non‐stationarity considered here is present in data.
Dynamic mixed-mode fracture behaviors of PMMA and polycarbonate

Abstract Mixed-mode dynamic crack initiation and growth in polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) are studied experimentally. A simple specimen geometry in conjunction with a dynamic loading configuration to generate different mode-mixities at crack initiation is demonstrated. A Hopkinson pressure bar is used to rapidly load free-standing edge cracked samples in a reverse impact configuration. By eccentrically loading the specimen relative to the crack line, various mode-mixities at crack initiation are achieved by increasing the initial crack length while keeping all other experimental parameters the same. A relatively new full-field optical technique, Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS), along with high-speed photography is used to perform full-field measurements. DGS measures instantaneous angular deflections of light rays representing two orthogonal stress gradients under plane stress conditions. The mode-I and -II stress intensity factor histories are evaluated via over-deterministic least-squares analysis of optically measured data. By quantifying the critical stress intensity factors evaluated at crack initiation, dynamic fracture envelopes are developed for both the polymers. The results are studied comparatively and relative to the brittle fracture criteria. From measured stress intensity factors and crack speeds in the post-initiation regime, energy release rate vs. velocity plots for different mixed-mode configurations are produced for both the polymers.
Correcting delayed circadian phase with bright light therapy predicts improvement in ADHD symptoms: A pilot study.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition with comorbid insomnia reported in >70% of children and adults. These patients demonstrate delays in sleep-wake rhythms, nocturnal rise in melatonin, and early morning rise in cortisol. Given that standard psychopharmacologic treatments for ADHD often do not completely control symptoms in participants with circadian rhythm delay, we sought to test whether bright light therapy (BLT) advances circadian rhythms and further reduces ADHD symptoms over standard treatments. In addition to standard of care, participants with ADHD diagnosis underwent 1 week of baseline assessment followed by 2-weeks of 30-min morning 10,000-lux BLT beginning 3 h after mid-sleep time. Participants minimized overhead light after 4 p.m., wore an actigraphy watch, and recorded BLT time on daily sleep logs. Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) was assessed at baseline and after 2-week treatment. ADHD symptoms were measured by the ADHD-Rating Scales (ADHD-RS). BLT significantly advanced the phase of DLMO by 31 min [mean time (SEM), 20:36 (0:21) advanced to 20:05 (0:20)] and mid-sleep time by 57 min [4:37 (0:22) advanced to 3:40 (0:16); paired t-tests, p = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). Phase advances (in DLMO or mid-sleep time) were significantly correlated with decreased ADHD-RS total scores (p = 0.027 and 0.044) and Hyperactive-Impulsive sub-scores (p = 0.014 and 0.013, respectively). Actigraphy analysis for a subset of 8 participants with significant DLMO phase advance revealed no significant changes in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, or percent wake during sleep interval. This is the first successful use of BLT for advancing melatonin phase and improving ADHD symptoms in adults. BLT may be a complementary treatment for both delayed sleep timing and ADHD symptoms in adults.
What must I know to be brave?: revisiting the role of knowledge in the exercise of courage in sport

The Platonic definition of courage as the ‘knowledge of the fearful and the hopeful’ is often eschewed by philosophers of sport. In fact, the passionate nature of sport itself seems to testify against such a definition. Hence, accounts of courage within sport tend to emphasize the affective dimension of courage at the expense of the cognitive dimension. This essay argues in defense of the Platonic vision of courage as a species of knowledge as opposed to contemporary attempts to recover the affective dimension of courage, as exemplified by John Corlett. I shall argue that far from producing an overly intellectualized vision of courage, treating courage as a species of knowledge, even within sport, throws valuable light on the exercise of courage in sport and on the shape of sport itself with regards to the exercise of virtue.
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction catalyzed by nitrogenase MoFe and FeFe proteins

Nitrogenases catalyze biological dinitrogen (N2) reduction to ammonia (NH3), and also reduce a number of non-physiological substrates, including carbon dioxide (CO2) to formate (HCOO-) and methane (CH4). Three versions of nitrogenase are known (Mo-, V-, and Fe-nitrogenase), each showing different reactivities towards various substrates. Normally, electrons for substrate reduction are delivered by the Fe protein component of nitrogenase, with energy coming from the hydrolysis of 2 ATP to 2 ADP+2 Pi for each electron transferred. Recently, it has been demonstrated that energy and electrons can be delivered from an electrode to the catalytic nitrogenase MoFe-protein without the need for Fe protein or ATP hydrolysis. Here, it is demonstrated that both the MoFe- and FeFe-protein can be immobilized as a polymer layer on an electrode and that electron transfer mediated by cobaltocene can drive CO2 reduction to formate in this system. It was also found that the FeFe-protein diverts a greater percentage of electrons to CO2 reduction versus proton reduction compared to the MoFe-protein. Quantification of electron flow to products exhibited Faradaic efficiencies of CO2 conversion to formate of 9% for MoFe protein and 32% for FeFe-protein, with the remaining electrons going to proton reduction to make H2.
Naive Expectations to Resignation: A Comparison of Life Descriptions of Newly Diagnosed Versus Chronic Persons Living With Stage D HF.

Purpose:This study examined life descriptions of persons with stage D heart failure (HF) comparing those newly diagnosed to those with chronic HF.Methods:A secondary analysis of interviews from 75 ...
Laboratory Studies of Wet Milling1

American malt milled commercially in a wet mill contained a higher proportion of large particles than commercially dry milled malt and occupied 30% more volume. Wet-milled kernels fragmented less t...
The Influence of Organizational Culture on School‐Based Obesity Prevention Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background Although the influence of organizational culture has been examined on a variety of student outcomes, few studies consider the influence that culture may have on school-based obesity prevention interventions. We present a systematic review of the literature to examine how elements of organizational culture may affect the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of school-based obesity prevention interventions. Methods Fourteen studies examining the impact of organizational-level characteristics on school-based obesity prevention interventions were identified through the online databases EBSCO (CINAHL, ERIC, Agricola), Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), and Scopus. Results Five themes were identified as elements of organizational culture that influence the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of school-based obesity prevention interventions: organizational response to limited resources, value placed on staff training and professional development, internal support, organizational values, and school climate. Conclusions Organizational culture can greatly influence the success of school-based obesity interventions. The collection of data related to organizational-level factors may be used to identify strategies for creating and sustaining a supportive environment for obesity prevention interventions in the school setting.
The Dynamics of Active Database Rules: Models and Refinements.

Semantics represents a major problem area for active databases inasmuch as (i) there is no formal framework for defining the abstract semantics of active rules, and (ii) the various systems developed so far have ad-hoc operational semantics that are widely different from each other. This situation contributes to the difficulty of predicting the run-time behavior of sets of rules: thus, ensuring the termination of a given set of rules is currently recognized as a major research issue. This situation hampers the applicability of this powerful technology in critical application areas. In this paper, we introduce a durable change semantics for active database rules; this semantics improves Starburst’s deferred activation notion with concepts taken from Postgres and Heraclitus and the semantic foundations of deductive databases. We provide a formal logicbased model for this transaction-oriented semantics, show that it is amenable to efficient implementation, and prove that it solves the non-termination problem.
The morphology of Chinese disyllabic verbs

Abstract With a close examination of the characteristics of Chinese monosyllables, i.e., the base morphemes that form the disyllabic verbs, this article discusses the morphological traits these characteristics bring to disyllabic compound verbs. The two distinctive characteristics of the Chinese monosyllables, namely, being morphologically independent and highly polysemous, give rise to unusual phenomena in disyllabic verbs, most representatively the headedness of coordinative compound verbs. The Chinese language not only has various possible forms of headedness, but also allows the same compound verbs to be both endocentric and exocentric.
Multiplanar Dielectric Waveguides for Neural Communication

Neural computing requires dense, local communication and system-wide information integration. Light can achieve massive fanout at the chip and wafer scale and long-range communication with minimal delay. We present 3D integrated photonic routing networks based on amorphous silicon and silicon nitride which facilitate such communication.
Analyzing effects of surface roughness, voids, and particle-matrix interfacial bonding on the failure response of a heterogeneous adhesive

Abstract An automated computational framework is introduced to link the microstructure to the micromechanical behavior of a heterogeneous adhesive composed of an epoxy matrix and embedded silica particles. A new reconstruction algorithm is employed to synthesize 3D periodic microstructural models of this materials system based on morphological and statistical data extracted from micro-computed tomography images. A non-iterative mesh generation algorithm is implemented in parallel to transform resulting virtual microstructures into finite element (FE) models. The continuum ductile and cohesive damage models used for simulating the adhesive’s failure response are calibrated with experimental data and the statistical representative volume element (SRVE) is identified. We have then carried out several high-fidelity FE simulations to investigate the effects of pre-existing voids in the adhesive layer, surface roughness of adherends, and the bonding strength along particles–matrix interfaces on the failure response of the adhesive subject to tensile, compressive, and shear loads.
Peculiarities of the Expression of TLR4 and Inhibitor of TLR-Cascade Tollip in the Placenta in Earlyand Late-Onset Preeclampsia

We studied the peculiarities of the expression of TLR4 and its inhibitor Tollip in placentas obtained from women aged 23-40 years with early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Histological examination of placental tissue (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and immunohistochemical analysis with primary monoclonal antibodies to TLR4 and Tollip were performed on serial paraffin sections. It was found that the expression of TLR4 increased with increasing gestation term in both the syncytiotrophoblast and vascular endothelium of the placental villi (p<0.05). The expression of TLR4 in syncytiotrophoblast and in the endothelium in early preeclampsia was also significantly (p<0.00001) higher than in the reference group (preterm birth before 34 weeks gestation). In the vascular endothelium of placental villi, the expression of TLR4 in placentas from women with early-onset preeclampsia was higher than in late-onset preeclampsia (p=0.002), while Tollip was lower in early-onset preeclampsia than in the reference group. In preeclampsia, especially in early-onset preeclampsia, marked changes in the expression of TLR4 and Tollip in the placental tissue were detected; the severity of preeclampsia correlated with the degree of damage to the placental villi.
Excitation of single-photon embedded eigenstates in coupled cavity─atom systems

Confining light in open structures is a long-sought goal in nanophotonics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Embedded eigenstates provide infinite lifetime despite the presence of available leakage channels, but in linear time-invariant systems they cannot be excited from the outside, due to reciprocity. Here, we investigate how atomic nonlinearities may support single-photon embedded eigenstates, which can be populated by a multi-photon excitation followed by internal relaxation. We calculate the system dynamics and show that photon trapping, as well as the reverse release process, can be achieved with arbitrarily high efficiencies. We also discuss the impact of loss, and a path toward the experimental verification of these concepts.
Poster Abstract: Optimizing Handover Parameters by Q-learning for Heterogeneous RF-VLC Networks

Existing literature studying the access point (AP)-user association problem of heterogeneous RF-VLC networks either investigate quasi-static network selection, which results in outdated decision for highly mobile scenario, or only consider the dwell time for the vertical handover from VLC to RF, which means the handover from RF to VLC happens immediately once the condition is met. In this poster, we propose a flexible and holistic framework, that is running a self-optimizing algorithm at the centralized coordinator which resides in the LTE eNB and controls the handover parameters of all the VLC APs under the coverage of LTE eNB. Based on Q-learning approach, the algorithm optimizes the time-to-trigger (TTT) values for vertical handover between LTE and VLC according to historical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements. Simulation results based on real measurements reveal the significant throughput improvement by optimizing TTT under mobile scenarios and the capability of self-optimizing handover parameters.
Adapting Data Modeling Techniques for Data Warehouse Design

Since a data warehouse's primary function is to facilitate end-user analysis and decision making, the method in which the data warehouse is modeled is critical to its success. Two modeling methods ...
Predicting respiratory failure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: still a long way to go.

Prediction modelling is critical for improving ALS respiratory care. Assessing external validity of a model should account for discrimination, calibration, and cohort characteristics. Further work on outcomes is necessary before practice implementation.http://bit.ly/2XbfeUq
Functions of the BamBCDE Lipoproteins Revealed by Bypass Mutations in BamA.

The heteropentomeric β-barrel assembly machine (BAM complex) is responsible for folding and inserting a diverse array of β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) into the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. The BAM complex contains two essential proteins, the β-barrel OMP BamA and a lipoprotein BamD, whereas the auxiliary lipoproteins BamBCE are individually nonessential. Here, we identify and characterize three bamA mutations, the E-to-K change at position 470 (bamAE470K ), the A-to-P change at position 496 (bamAA496P ), and the A-to-S change at position 499 (bamAA499S ), that suppress the otherwise lethal ΔbamD, ΔbamB ΔbamC ΔbamE, and ΔbamC ΔbamD ΔbamE mutations. The viability of cells lacking different combinations of BAM complex lipoproteins provides the opportunity to examine the role of the individual proteins in OMP assembly. Results show that, in wild-type cells, BamBCE share a redundant function; at least one of these lipoproteins must be present to allow BamD to coordinate productively with BamA. Besides BamA regulation, BamD shares an additional essential function that is redundant with a second function of BamB. Remarkably, bamAE470K suppresses both, allowing the construction of a BAM complex composed solely of BamAE470K that is able to assemble OMPs in the absence of BamBCDE. This work demonstrates that the BAM complex lipoproteins do not participate in the catalytic folding of OMP substrates but rather function to increase the efficiency of the assembly process by coordinating and regulating the assembly of diverse OMP substrates.IMPORTANCE The folding and insertion of β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are conserved processes in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Gram-negative bacteria. In Gram-negative bacteria, OMPs are assembled into the outer membrane (OM) by the heteropentomeric β-barrel assembly machine (BAM complex). In this study, we probe the function of the individual BAM proteins and how they coordinate assembly of a diverse family of OMPs. Furthermore, we identify a gain-of-function bamA mutant capable of assembling OMPs independently of all four other BAM proteins. This work advances our understanding of OMP assembly and sheds light on how this process is distinct in Gram-negative bacteria.
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome

The bidirectional accessory pathways that typically cause WPW can have a variety of manifestations. Orthodromic AVRT is the most common, and is similar to other forms of SVT. Uncommon manifestations include antidromic AVRT, bystander pathway conduction during other arrhythmias (atrial arrhythmias, AVNRT), and dyssynchrony-induced cardiomyopathy. Although rare, the most serious manifestation of WPW is sudden death, due to atrial fibrillation with rapid conduction down the pathway. Sudden death can occur even in completely asymptomatic patients; therefore this risk should be carefully considered any time WPW is diagnosed. Specific recommendations for risk stratification in children and young adults with asymptomatic WPW have been published.