cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron correlation and charge density study of N2 and O2 by high energy electron scattering

The differential elastic scattering cross sections of N2 and O2 for 29 keV electrons have been measured. The experiment was performed using a Mollenstedt type energy analyzer to isolate the elastically scattered electrons. The difference between the measured results and calculations from molecular Hartree-Fock wave functions reveals the electron correlation in the molecules. Using the previously measured total scattering data, the inelastic scattering cross sections are derived. Several potential energies of the target are evaluated from the cross sections. Results at small angles are analyzed in terms of molecular moments and diamagnetic susceptibilities. The scattering behavior at small angles of the N2 measurement agrees well with several ab initio calculations.
Sensitivity of future U.S. Water shortages to socioeconomic and climate drivers: a case study in Georgia using an integrated human-earth system modeling framework

One of the most important interactions between humans and climate is in the demand and supply of water. Humans withdraw, use, and consume water and return waste water to the environment for a variety of socioeconomic purposes, including domestic, commercial, and industrial use, production of energy resources and cooling thermal-electric power plants, and growing food, fiber, and chemical feed stocks for human consumption. Uncertainties in the future human demand for water interact with future impacts of climatic change on water supplies to impinge on water management decisions at the international, national, regional, and local level, but until recently tools were not available to assess the uncertainties surrounding these decisions. This paper demonstrates the use of a multi-model framework in a structured sensitivity analysis to project and quantify the sensitivity of future deficits in surface water in the context of climate and socioeconomic change for all U.S. states and sub-basins. The framework treats all sources of water demand and supply consistently from the world to local level. The paper illustrates the capabilities of the framework with sample results for a river sub-basin in the U.S. state of Georgia.
Lag Time, Interval Between Successive Eggs and Oviposition Time in the Turkey

Abstract FRAPS (1955) indicated that the chicken had a greater interval between the last two ovipositions in all sequences of three or more eggs than between any other two eggs. He also demonstrated, based on the data of Heywang (1938), that the lag time of the terminal oviposition decreased as the sequence length increased from 2 to 7 or 8 eggs. Lag times between the initial and terminal oviposition continues to decrease, approach zero or even fall slightly below zero as the sequence length increases. The data of Heywang (1938) as analyzed by Fraps (1955) indicate that the total lag increases from approximately 4.2 hours in the 2-egg sequence to approximately 6.7 hours in the 6-egg sequence; thereafter, it remains fairly constant. That turkey hens lay more of their eggs in the afternoon than in the forenoon has been shown by Stockton and Asmundson (1950, natural light program), Kosin and Abplanalp…
Flexibility Testing Strategies and Apparatus for Flexible Electronics

We report testing strategies and apparatus for the testing of flexible electronic devices and systems. To make reliable electrical connections for flexible electronic devices under mechanical flexibility testing, we use an anisotropic conductive film bonding of flexible extension cables to long connection leads on the flexible sample. This allows electrical connections without mechanically interfering with the devices under test. We report three platforms for flexible device testing: a simple push-to-flex apparatus that provides unguided bending of a flexible sample, a roller-flex apparatus that uses a roller to provide controlled-radius bending, but applies some tensile force to the sample, and an on-belt-flex apparatus that uses a secondary flexible substrate to provide controlled-radius bending without additional tensile stress. These flexible testing approaches are useful tools to obtain electrical properties for flexible electronic devices and systems as a function of bending or flexing.
Prevalence of depression in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background. Psychological impairment is a significant co-morbid condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). No studies from India have been conducted to assess the prevalence of depression in COPD. Methods. We investigated the prevalence of depression in 100 consecutive stable COPD patients during their routine outpatient department visits. Patients diagnosed to have depression or chronic systemic diseases were excluded. Severity of the COPD was classified according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. Hindi translations of patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were administered and severity of depression was assessed at each stage of the COPD. Results. All subjects were males with a mean age of 61.7±9.6 years. Six patients in stage I, 32 patients in stage II, 40 patients in stage III and 22 patients in stage IV of the COPD were enrolled. The cumulative prevalence of depression in the study population was 72 percent. Conclusions. Symptoms of depression were observed at all stages of COPD and its severity increased with an increase in severity of the COPD. High prevalence of depressive symptoms in Indian patients with COPD may be due to various confounding factors. Screening for symptoms of depression in patients with COPD by simple and quick validated questionnaires during their out-patient visits will be helpful in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment or referral. [Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2011;53:35-39]
Remediation of Organic Pollutants Through Natural Attenuation

The basic concept of “natural attenuation” is to allow naturally occurring processes to reduce the mass, volume, or concentration of contaminants in the environment, while addressing the potential threat to human health and the environment.
Canid Remains from Grasshopper Ruin

AbstractA small Indian dog, Canis familiaris, from Grasshopper Ruin, Arizona, and perhaps a larger form are discussed and compared with other dogs from southwestern sites. Remains of a gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus scotti, and the southwestern coyote, Canis latrans mearnsi, were also collected from the ruins during the last two seasons of excavation.
Cardiology consultation reduces provocative testing rates in an ED observation unit

Abstract Background In evaluating patients with chest pain, emergency department observation units (EDOUs) may use a staffing model in which emergency physicians determine patient testing (EP model) or a model similar to a chest pain unit (CPU) in which cardiologists determine provocative testing (CPU model). Methods We performed a prospective study with 30-day telephone follow-up for all chest pain patients placed in our EDOU. Halfway through the study period, our EDOU transitioned from an EP model to a CPU model. We compared provocative testing rates and outcomes between the 2 models. Results Over the 34-month study period, our EDOU evaluated 1190 patients for chest pain. Patients placed in the EDOU during the 17-month CPU model were more likely to be moderate risk (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score 3-5) than those during the 17-month EP model: 24.9% vs 18.8%, P = .011. Despite this difference, rates of provocative testing (stress testing or coronary computed tomography) were lower during the CPU model: 47.1% vs 56.5%, P = .001. This reduction was particularly evident among low-risk patients (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score 0-2): 49.8% vs 58.1%, P = .011. Rates of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft were similar between the 2 groups (2.8% vs 3.2%, P = .140). We noted no significant events or missed diagnoses in either group during the 30-day follow-up. Conclusion An EDOU model that used mandatory cardiology consultation resulted in decreased provocative testing, particularly among low-risk chest pain patients. Future research should explore the cost-effectiveness of this model.
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Five boys with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and varying degrees of dystonia, chorea, spasticity, ataxia, dysarthria, and mental retardation were studied at the Depts of Neurology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Depts of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX.
Reuse of variants in online repositories: Foraging for the fittest

Programming is a creative task and is generally exploratory in nature. Often, end-user programmers (non-professional) indulge in opportunistically creating their programs. To facilitate learning and reuse of code, most end-user programming environments provides online repositories. While the provision of programs in repositories helps support end-user programming to an extent, finding and reusing an appropriate program variant is a challenging task. In this paper, we explore the reuse behavior of end-user programmers using Information Foraging Theory. We conducted an empirical study of eight end-user programmers, qualitatively analyzed their information-seeking behavior while reusing program variants, and report new cue types and strategies specific to end-user programmers.
The embodied rhythms of learning: From learning across settings to learners crossing settings

Abstract What does it mean to take an embodied temporal approach to learning crossing settings? What role might the analysis of rhythm have in such an approach? We address these issues in this paper by discussion theoretical connections between Ingold’s (2011) embodied, emergence perspective and Lefebvre’s (2004) rhythmanalysis. Next, we move into a sketch of some of the ways in which embodied temporality, and especially rhythm, has been understood and researched thus far in relation to learning, within and across settings. After these discussions of theoretically framing and related literature, we turn to (researched) bodies we have tried to attune to or feel alongside, sharing segments of data and analysis from our own previous research where we have taken up rhythmic approaches. Finally, we move into a synthetic discussion of these data and theory, opening up the discussion to offer new directions in research methodology that may more fully appreciate the functions of rhythm in learning crossing settings.
Novel features of nuclear chromodynamics

I review a number of QCD topics where the nuclear environment provides new insights into fundamental aspects of the strong interactions. The topics include novel perspectives for nuclear physics, such as the hidden color of nuclear form factors, the relation of the nuclear force at short distances to quark interchange interactions, the effects of “color transparency” on the baryon-to-meson anomaly in hard heavy-ion colisions, flavor-dependent antishadowing, novel exotic multiquark states, the anomalous nuclear dependence of quarkonium hadroproduction, flavor-dependent antishadowing, and the breakdown of sum rules for nuclear structure functions. I also briefly discuss the insights into hadron physics and color confinement that one obtains from light-front holography, including supersymmetric features of the hadron spectrum. I also note that the virtual Compton amplitude on a proton (or nucleus) can be measured for two spacelike photons $q^{2}_{1}, q^{2}_{2} < 0$ using positronium-proton scattering $[e^{+}e^{-}]p\rightarrow e^{+}e^{-}p'$ .
Mast Cells: Sentinels of Innate Skin Immunity

Since its discovery over a century ago, the mast cell has been considered an important effector cell of the innate immune system. From mediating various allergic responses to playing a direct role in eliminating pathogens from the skin, the mast cell carries out its effects through a highly coordinated process of degranulation. Following stimulation by pathogens or other host cells, the mast cell is able to release chemical mediators from its intracellular stores, which include pro-inflammatory cytokines, peptidases, and antimicrobial peptides. These mediators serve to alter the inflammatory environment and allow for the recruitment of other immune cells; however, overactivity of the mast cell response has been shown to lead to a variety of disease processes. As the main drivers of both type 1 hypersensitivity and inflammatory disorders, like rosacea, the mast cell has been studied as a target for many disease-altering therapies. Continued research in the field of mast cell biology has the potential to further unveil the coordinated workings of the innate immune system.
An Analysis of N2 Event-Related-Potential Correlates of Sequential and Response-Facilitation Effects in Cognitive Control

Abstract. According to conflict-monitoring theory (Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen, 2001), sequential adjustments in cognitive control indicate that encountering information-processing conflict engages cognitive-control mechanisms. With 20 participants in an event-related-potential (ERP) experiment, we found significant congruence-sequence effects (CSEs) for behavioral measures and for N2 amplitude, a negative-going ERP component established in previous work to be related to cognitive control. We also found an interaction between the Stroop-trajectory manipulation and a response-compatibility manipulation for behavioral measures and, to a lesser extent, for N2 amplitude, such that the Stroop-trajectory congruence effect was larger on response-compatible than on response-incompatible trials. This study is the first to identify N2 amplitude as a neural correlate of the CSE in a confound-minimized task. Accordingly, these results found N2 amplitude to be associated with adjustments in cognitive con...
Cardiac Arrest in the Catheterization Laboratory.

Background Cardiac arrest in the Catheterization Lab is a rare and unique scenario that is often logistically challenging. It often has dire prognosis especially in patients suffering from severe pre-existing illnesses (high risk patient) such as acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, or patients undergoing high risk procedures. As the number of complex interventional procedures increases, cardiac arrest in the cath lab will become more common and optimal management of this scenario is critical for both the patient and operator. Conclusion In this review, we will discuss the special challenges during the resuscitation efforts in cath lab, especially with tradition chest compression. We will discuss the alternative options including mechanical compression devices and Invasive Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices. Finally, we will offer management suggestions on selecting the appropriate circulatory support device based on clinical and anatomic risks.
Neuropsychiatric status of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: an overview.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness that results in debilitating fatigue as well as rheumatological, infectious, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The present paper is a brief overview of the...
Understanding the Epithelial Barrier in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Appropriate function of the intestinal epithelial barrier is critical for maintaining a balance between potentially noxious luminal contents of the gut and the mucosal immune system. Defects in barrier function are associated with both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, and are also present in some healthy first-degree relatives. Impaired barrier function is associated with increased risk of Crohn’s disease relapse of patients in clinical remission. The tight junction, which seals the space between adjacent epithelial cells, is the primary determinant of permeability in the absence of epithelial injury, e.g., ulceration. The tight junction is formed by a complex of occludin, claudins, ZO-1, and the actin cytoskeleton; the interactions between components are dynamically regulated to modify paracellular flux. The functional properties of the tight junction are regulated both by physiological stimuli and by cytokines, e.g., TNF, IFNγ (gamma), and IL-13. Under pathological conditions, increased paracellular permeability in response to cytokine production may allow luminal material to access the lamina propria, further activating immune responses and continuing the cycle of barrier dysfunction and inflammation. This model predicts that the tight junction may play a central role in inflammatory bowel disease by balancing the mucosal immune response with the luminal microbiota. As such, the potential of the tight junction as a target for therapeutic intervention should be considered.
Epidemiologic approaches to the study of diet and cancer.

Laboratory workers have known for decades that tumor incidence in animals can be modified by nutritional manipulation (Tannenbaum, 1942). However, the potential importance of diet in the cause and prevention of cancer in human beings has received major attention only recently. This interest has, to a great extent, been stimulated by the large international differences in cancer incidence rates (Armstrong and Doll, 1975; Schrauzer et al., 1977).
Variable (CA/GT)n simple sequence repeat DNA in the alga Chlamydomonas

A partial genomic DNA library of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was screened with an (AC)11 probe for the presence of (CA/GT)n simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Based on the frequency of these repeats in the partial genomic library, we estimate that (CA/GT)n repeats occur at a rate of about one every 17.7 kb in the C. reinhardtii genome. Ten positive clones were sequenced and four polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets flanking (CA/GT)n sequences were constructed for four loci. The PCR was used to specifically amplify these regions from multiple isolates of C. reinhardtii. All four loci were highly polymorphic in the C. reinhardtii isolates. A simple Mendelian inheritance pattern was found for all four loci, which showed 2:2 segregation in the tetrads resulting from a cross between C. reinhardtii and C. smithii. Our results suggest that these simple sequence repeat DNA loci will be useful for identity testing, population studies, linkage analysis, and genome mapping in Chlamydomonas.
Utilizing Stereotactic Spine Navigation for Posterior Partial Vertebrectomy in an En Bloc Resection of a Superior Pulmonary Sulcus Tumor Invading the Thoracic Vertebrae: A Technical Note

Prior to the development of en bloc techniques, vertebral invasion by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had been considered a relative contraindication to surgical intervention. However, reports in the literature have demonstrated increased progression-free survival with the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by anterior en bloc resection of the residual tumor. Stereotactic spine navigation has been shown to improve accuracy during complex vertebral osteotomies, improving patient outcomes. We report a 53-year-old woman with an NSCLC in the left upper lobe, a periosteum attachment of the second and third thoracic vertebrae (T2 and T3, respectively), and an infiltration of the corresponding nerve roots. We describe a surgical approach for the resection of NSCLC with vertebral infiltration utilizing stereotactic spine navigation and intraoperative computed tomography (CT) (O-Arm, Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US) for a posterior approach laminectomy, osteotomy, and partial vertebrectomy, followed by trans-thoracic en bloc resection of a superior pulmonary sulcus tumor with nerve root infiltration. Posterior approach vertebral osteotomy and en bloc resection for superior sulcus NSCLC infiltrating the vertebrae utilizing stereotactic spine navigation and intraoperative CT (O-Arm) is a viable alternative to the traditional anterior approach.
Berkeley MET5 update: commissioning, interferometry, and first prints (Conference Presentation)

The Berkeley MET5, funded by EUREKA, is the world’s highest-resolution EUV projection lithography tool. With a 0.5-numerical aperture (NA) Schwartzchild objective, the Berkeley MET5 is capable of delivering 8-nm resolution for dense line/space patterns. In order to achieve this resolution, optical aberrations must be accurately characterized and compensated, a task that is complicated by the difficulty in finding a bright, high quality reference wave, and nonlinear effects associated with high incident angles on interferometry targets. The Berkeley MET5 was designed with an in-situ lateral shearing interferometer (LSI) to provide real-time wavefront diagnostics alongside its imaging capabilities. The geometry of the MET5 makes it a particularly difficult optical system to measure interferometrically. Unlike EUV production tools, the 2-bounce Schwartzchild design is non-telecentric at the image, with an image plane whose normal vector is tilted 1.12 degrees with respect to the optical axis. Shearing interferometers have shown good results measuring EUV wavefronts at low to medium NAs (0.1 - 0.33) with telecentric geometry. However, to accommodate the MET5 geometry, a generalized model of LSI was developed to inform the design and build of a lateral shearing interferometer capable of operating at high-NA and with a tilted image plane. This model predicts non-negligible systematic errors that must be compensated in the analysis. Specialized pinhole arrays were patterned onto the mask to fill the pupil with spatially filtered light that is incoherently multiplexed from multiple apertures. Due to the relatively large amount of DC flare compared with the signal in the interferograms, illumination profiles were chosen to match the NA of the obscuration so that zero-order light coming through the mask absorber is blocked in the pupil, which results in a finite coherence function width. Because of this, the design of the arrays required balancing the efficiency of the pattern while maintaining enough separation between apertures to accommodate the coherence function width. Analysis of the interferometric data shows a total RMS wavefront error of 0.6 nm after removal of systematic errors predicted by the LSI model. The bulk of this error lies in astigmatism and coma terms which can be corrected by field position and small adjustments to the alignment of the Schwartzchild optic respectively. The aberration signature of this wavefront is in good agreement with preliminary print data of aberration targets according to aerial image modeling of these features. The interferometric capability of the Berkeley MET5 is an indispensable part of commissioning the tool, and will allow for the diagnosing and monitoring of tool performance as it begins user operations in the coming months.
Autoencoders for learning template spectrograms in electrocorticographic signals.

Objective Electrocorticography (ECoG) based studies generally analyze features from specific frequency bands selected by manual evaluation of spectral power. However, the definition of these features can vary across subjects, cortical areas, tasks and across time for a given subject. We propose an autoencoder based approach for summarizing ECoG data with 'template spectrograms', i.e. informative time-frequency (t-f) patterns, and demonstrate their efficacy in two contexts: brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and functional brain mapping. Approach We use a publicly available dataset wherein subjects perform a finger flexion task in response to a visual cue. We train autoencoders to learn t-f patterns and use them in a deep neural network to decode finger flexions. Additionally, we propose and evaluate an unsupervised method for clustering electrode channels based on their aggregated activity. Main results We show that the learnt t-f patterns can be used to classify individual finger movements with consisentently higher accuracy than with traditional spectral features. Furthermore, electrodes within automatically generated clusters tend to demonstrate functionally similar activity. Significance With increasing interest in and active development towards higher spatial resolution ECoG, along with the availability of large scale datasets from epilepsy monitoring units, there is an opportunity to develop automated and scalable unsupervised methods to learn effective summaries of spatial, temporal and frequency patterns in these data. The proposed methods reduce the effort required by neural engineers to develop effective features for BCI decoders. The clustering approach has applications in functional mapping studies for identifying brain regions associated with behavioral changes.
Disaster Lending: 'Fair' Prices, but 'Unfair' Access

We find the Small Business Administration's disaster-relief home loan program denies significantly more loans in areas with larger shares of minorities, subprime borrowers, and higher income inequality. We find that risk-insensitive loan pricing -- a feature present in many regulated and government-run lending programs -- is a primary driver of these disparities in access to credit. The differences in denial rates are disproportionately high compared to private-market lending and government-insured risk-sensitive loan pricing programs. Thus, despite ensuring "fair" prices, the use of risk-insensitive pricing may lead to "unfair" access to credit.
Days Spent at Home in the Last Six Months of Life Among Community-Living Older Persons

Abstract Background Days spent at home has recently been identified as an important patient-centered outcome; yet, relatively little is known about time spent at home at the end of life among community-living older persons. Methods The analytic sample included 457 decedents from an ongoing cohort study of 754 community-living persons, aged ≥70 years. Days spent at home were calculated as 180 days minus the number of days in a hospital, nursing home, or hospice facility. The condition leading to death was determined from death certificates and comprehensive assessments. Results The median number of days at home was 159 (interquartile range 125-174). There were 138 (30.2%) decedents at home during the entire 6-month period, while 163 (35.7%) were at home for fewer than 150 days. Days at home did not differ significantly by age (P = .922), sex (P = .238), or race/ethnicity (P = .199), but did differ according to the condition leading to death (P = .001), with the lowest value observed for organ failure (150 [106.5-168.5]), highest values for sudden death (177 [172-179]) and cancer (167 [140-174]), and intermediate values for advanced dementia (164 [118-174]), frailty (160.5 [130-174]), and other conditions (153 [118-175]). Conclusions Among community-living older persons, days spent at home in the last 6 months of life do not differ by age, sex, or race/ethnicity, but are significantly lower for persons dying from organ failure. Additional efforts may be warranted to optimize time spent at home at the end of life, especially among older persons dying from organ failure.
Pancake Bond Orders of a Series of π‐Stacked Triangulene Radicals

Conjugated radicals are capable of forming π-stacking "pancake-bonded" dimers. Members of the family of triangulene hydrocarbons, non-Kekule neutral multiradicals, can utilize more than one singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) to form multiple pancake-bonded dimers with formal bond orders of up to five. The resulting dimer binding energies can be quite high and the intermolecular contacts rather small compared to the respective van der Waals values. The preferred configurations are driven by the large stabilization energy of overlapping SOMOs.
A case series of endemic infections associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) mimicking severe sepsis syndrome

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is associated to high mortality and morbidity. A condition often underrecognized, HLH should be in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with fever, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and high ferritin levels (>500 μg/L). Acquired or secondary HLH in adults is a heterogenous disease triggered by infectious, autoimmune, or neoplastic conditions. Infection associated HLH (IAHS) have been described in association to immunodeficiency and secondary to infections with endemic pathogens. Extensive investigation with microbiology, serology, urine antigens and biopsies of the bone marrow, lung or lymph nodes are often necessary. We present a series of three adult cases of HLH in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a presumptive diagnosis of sepsis. Early recognition and treatment of this infection sometimes with concomitant administration of immunosuppressant therapy could impact the high mortality associated to this overlap syndrome.
Intrathecal Morphine Versus Nerve Blocks in an Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Pancreatic Surgery.

Abstract Background Intrathecal morphine (ITM) and peripheral nerve blocks are accepted techniques for analgesia after abdominal surgery, but their efficacy has not been evaluated in the context of an enhanced recovery pathway (ERP) in pancreatic surgery. Materials and methods We retrospectively compared postoperative analgesia (pain scores and opioid requirements) after open or robotic pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy among ERP patients receiving either ITM or transversus abdominis plane/quadratus lumborum (TAP/QL) nerve blocks. Results We identified 303 ERP patients who underwent pancreatectomy with either ITM ( n = 251) or TAP/QL blocks ( n = 52). Patient demographics and procedural variables were similar between groups. Few preoperative patient characteristics (preoperative stroke and pain medication intake) differed between the two groups. In an unmatched patient cohort, the median pain score on postoperative day (POD 0) zero was 4.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.3-5.8) in ITM patients compared with 5.7 (IQR, 3.4-6.9) in patients who received TAP/QL ( P P P Conclusions ITM was associated with reduced pain scores and opioid requirements compared with peripheral nerve blocks in an ERP for pancreatic surgery.
Chronotropic incompetence and autonomic dysfunction as mechanisms of dyspnoea in patients with late stage cardiac amyloidosis.

Patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) suffer from chronic dyspnoea on exertion. Diastolic dysfunction is often cited as the predominant mechanism for dyspnoea; however, there is growing interest i...
A zebrafish tale of parabiosis, podocytes, and proteinuria.

Glomerular damage is a harbinger of kidney dysfunction. Circulating permeability factors are implicated in causing primary and secondary damage to podocytes, leading to proteinuria and eventual progression to the nephrotic syndrome, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Muller-Deile et al. employed parabiosis with zebrafish embryos and found that a damaged glomerulus can impact a healthy one in a shared circulatory system. This methodology shows promise for elucidating kidney injury pathways in response to systemic disease.
Income and (Ir) rational food choice

Abstract Increasing affluence is associated with increases in the variety and diversity of consumers’ diets. While this relationship likely reflects a heightened ability of consumers to satisfy unique preferences, it is also possible that higher income and food expenditure are associated with more preference instability, as the relative cost of a mistake falls with income. This paper shows that the ability to detect preference instability increases with income. In an empirical application involving almost 540,000 food choices by almost 60,000 people, 47% committed at least one preference reversal. The odds a preference reversal are 1.8 (2.5) times higher for individuals who spend at least $160/week on food at home (away from home) compared to individuals who spend less than $20/week. Individuals who commit preference reversals are less likely to rate price and are more likely to rate novelty as important food values.
Abstract 042: Carotid Body Ablation of TRPV1 Reduces Chemoreflex Sensitivity in Rats With Heart Failure

Resiniferatoxin (RTX), an ultrapotent analogue of capsaicin, activates and destroys TRPV1 expressing cells. RTX in the CB may reduce abnormal breathing patterns seen in rats with HF. The purpose of...
Using a local positioning system to track 2D motion

Tracking the motion of an object in 2D as a demonstration in a physics classroom or as a laboratory activity is difficult to accomplish in real time with traditional equipment used by educators. A local positioning system (LPS), like the Pozyx Creator series LPS, has a potentially wide range of educational applications for introductory physics courses. In a previous article we reported using this product to track one-dimensional motion, pressure, rotation, and magnetic field data, but here we discuss how such systems can provide location information (to within approximately ±10 cm) in one, two, and potentially three dimensions both indoors and outdoors.
Implementing Chlamydia Screening Guidelines in a Primary Care Pediatric Office

Background: The screening guidelines endorsed by the AAP, AAFP and the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force include routine screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in all sexually active females under age 25 annually. The reason for this recommendation is based on the data that Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common reportable sexually transmitted disease in the United States and screening for chlamydia is one of the most cost-effective preventative health services that our health system can offer. Our clinic embarked on a quality improvement project to increase the rates of chlamydia screening in our adolescent …
Analysis of Outcomes by Extraction Site following Subtotal Colectomy in Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Ulcerative colitis frequently requires surgery as a definitive management strategy. The colonic specimen can be extracted from various sites including a midline incision, the stoma site, or a Pfannenstiel incision. It is unclear if one extraction site offers improved outcomes and fewer complications. A retrospective review of charts obtained of colorectal surgery patients was conducted for all patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent a subtotal colectomy between 2008 and 2016 at a single tertiary care institution. Demographic data and outcomes data including parastomal and incisional hernias, advanced wound/ostomy certified nurse referrals, surgical site infections, reoperations, and readmissions were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were completed to detect any significant differences in outcomes between groups based on extraction site (midline incision, stoma site, or Pfannenstiel incision). Univariate analysis did not show any statistical differences between groups in regard to outcomes. Stoma site extraction did not statistically differ from midline extraction in regard to hernias, advanced ostomy referrals, infections, or reoperations, but midline incision extraction did have a lower risk of readmission (OR = 0.56, p = 0.0066). Pfannenstiel extraction had lower risk of incisional hernias (OR = 0.25, p = 0.0002), advanced ostomy referrals (OR = 0.45, p = 0.0164) and readmission (OR = 0.26, p < 0.0001) as compared to stoma site extraction. While stoma site extraction can be successfully performed for most patients requiring subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis, Pfannenstiel extraction leads to the fewest number of complications and provides the most consistent results.
O PRÉ-TESTE E O PÓS TESTE NO PROGRAMA DE RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICO: Uma análise no processo de ensino aprendizagem nas aulas de Física

Este trabalho aborda praticas de ensino e aprendizagem a partir do Programa deResidencia Pedagogica (RP), que tem por objetivo a execucao de atividades de formacao,realizada por academicos regularmente matriculados em cursos de Licenciatura e desenvolvida em escolas na cidade de Concordia. Utilizou-se de pre testes e pos testes para diagnosticos das turmas. As praticas foram realizadas na cidade de Concordia/SC, no Instituto Federal Catarinense Campus Concordia, com a turma do 2° ano do curso Tecnico em Alimentos na disciplina de Fisica, no periodo matutino e vespertino no ano de 2019.
Online Proctoring Discount: The Role of Measured Stressors

We examine the exam score effect of online proctoring with a comprehensive split sample of proctored and unproctored students in an upper-level economics class. Ours is the first study to measure the online proctoring effect, to our knowledge, that combines student in-class performance metrics, measured student perceptions and stress, and administrative data. We first document a proctoring discount (i.e., the tendency for lower scores on proctored exams versus on unproctored exams). We also find a relationship between students’ perceptions of the online proctoring environment and their performance on online exams. Our analysis highlights the importance of student perceptions and beliefs in determining performance and suggests that educators need to address student perceptions in order to accurately assess student mastery of course materials. Using ordinary least squares regressions and multilevel mixed-effects models, our findings show that students’ perceptions and characteristics can affect online exam performance and, potentially, contribute to the observed proctoring discount. Assuming that the proctoring discount is caused, at least in part, by undesirable phenomena (i.e., academic dishonesty and/or student discomfort with online proctoring), we suggest policy implications that the elimination of this proctoring discount is a worthwhile goal of the educational community in an environment where online teaching and learning is prevalent and growing due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Changes to the mtDNA copy number during yeast culture growth

Abstract The yeast mitochondrial network is dynamic, with frequent fusion and fission events among mitochondria. Notable changes in mitochondrial morphology and function accompany changes in physiological state. While differences in mtDNA copy number among strains and growth conditions have been observed, it has not been previously shown that the mtDNA copy number changes substantially over time in a clonal growing culture. Here we show that there are fairly dramatic (3x-5x) changes to the mtDNA copy number per cell in growing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on a timescale of hours to days. While these changes appear to be connected to the shift from fermentation to respiration, it is possible that they are more simply associated with changes in growth rate. Our work suggests that the mtDNA copy number is a dynamic phenotype, a finding that has important implications for studies of the regulation of mtDNA copy number.
Age, Race, and Digital Divide Index are Associated With Video Visit Completion for Patients Seen in Radiation Oncology.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): The COVID-19 pandemic drove rapid adoption of telehealth across medicine, including radiation oncology, to minimize in-person contact. This exposed patient barriers to telehealth access and created care disparities in the absence of specific access assistance which have been little studied. A better understanding of these telehealth access barriers will help direct assistance resources to improve access in radiation oncology patients in the future. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data for all unique patient visits at a large academic medical center between 4/1/2020 and 6/30/2020 were generated, including visit type (in person, video, audio only), age, race, ethnicity, rural/urban home address (zip code assessment by Federal Office of Rural Health Policy), and Digital Divide Index (DDI; incorporates metrics of technology and internet access, age, disability, and educational attainment in a geographic area). A multivariable logistic regression model evaluated the association of these variables with successful video visit completion. RESULTS: A total of 1990 visits by patients seen in radiation oncology for 1698 unique individuals were assessed. The median age was 66 (IQR: 14); patients were 38.1% female and 89.4% Caucasian. The median age of those completing at least one video visit was 64 (IQR: 15) vs. 68 (IQR: 14) for those who completed audio visits only (P < 0.001). Among African American patients, 22.7% completed at least one video visit, while 36.7% of Caucasian patients completed at least one video visit (Pâ¯=â¯0.003). In multivariable analyses, patient age (OR: 0.965; 95% CI 0.956-0.973; P < 0.001), DDI (OR: 0.986; 95% CI 0.976-0.996; Pâ¯=â¯0.006), and race (OR: 0.472; 0.294-0.756; Pâ¯=â¯0.039) predicted completion of at least one video visit. Those who were older, had higher DDI (greater digital divide), or African American race were less likely to complete a video visit. Gender, ethnicity, and rural/urban home address were not significantly associated with video visit completion. CONCLUSION: This work is to our knowledge the first characterization of telehealth usage in radiation oncology patients and demonstrates associations between patient characteristics and video visit completion that have implications for clinical practice and future research. First, older patients, those with minority backgrounds, and those from areas with less access to technology (high digital divide) are less likely to be able to access care through video visits. Second, audio visits were a significant proportion of visits early in the pandemic, and subsequent data should be analyzed to determine their importance as a means to continue providing virtual care to prevent further care disparities. Third, future research is needed to address barriers to care experienced by elderly and minority patients as well as those from communities with high DDI. Fourth, researchers should explore markers of access barriers such as DDI and other potential pre-visit screening metrics for use in directing resources to those in need.
SU-F-303-03: Auto-Alignment of 2D Cine Imaging Planes for Real-Time Motion Management During MRI-GRT

Purpose: Spatial-temporal-contrast resolution tradeoffs preclude acquisition of real-time 3D MRI volumes for exception gating and target tracking. Consequently, acquisition of 2D imaging planes has been proposed. However, to minimize through-plane motion the orientation of the 2D imaging planes must be chosen appropriately. The goal of this work was to develop a methodology to auto-align 2D cine imaging planes for real-time cine imaging on MRI-gRT systems. Methods: Phase-resolved 4D MR images of a healthy volunteer set up in treatment position were acquired at 3T. Following offline reconstruction in MATLAB, the binned 4D MR images were transferred to MIM (MIM Software, Cleveland, OH). To simulate target, a contour of the right kidney was generated on the 0% phase image and then deformably propagated to the remaining nine respiratory phase images. Dynamic, 3D centroid motion of the kidney target was calculated at each respiratory phase. Principal component analysis was used to determine the eigenvectors of maximal kidney motion. Direction cosines required to orient a 2D cine imaging plane in the MR scanner coordinate system along the lines of maximal kidney motion were calculated. The direction cosines were applied on the MR scanner during acquisition of 2D cine images to capture kidney motion. Results: Deformable propagation of kidney contours across binned 4D MR images was possible. Kidney centroid motion ranged from 0.8mm, 5.5mm, and 14.5mm in the right/left, anterior/posterior, and superior/inferior dimensions, respectively. Direction cosines required to align 2D cine imaging planes were 75.7 and 12.3 degrees along the sagittal-coronal and sagittal-transverse planes. Conclusions: Auto-alignment of 2D cine imaging planes based on centroid motions derived from daily pre-treatment phase-resolved 4D MR images is a feasible approach for motion monitoring on MRI-gRT systems. Elekta Instruments, AB
A Review of Walter Feinberg: On Different Ground

The general thesis of Walter Feinberg’s On Higher Groundis that affirmative action is a distinctive policy for the promotion of equal opportunity, based on distinctive historical considerations, and reserved for distinctive groups. Feinberg is clear that affirmative action is by no means sufficient for equalizing opportunity, let alone for achieving social justice more generally. He contends the strongest and most unconditional case for affirmative action can be made on behalf of certain “target groups:” particularly, women, African Americans, and Native Americans. A weaker and more limited case can be made in his view for extending affirmative action policies to also include groups such as Spanish-speaking people who became residents of the U.S. through the conquest of Mexico, as well as for persons with disabilities. Feinberg is motivated by two primary aims: defending affirmative action against those who would dismantle it and, just as importantly for his analysis, preventing it from suffering evisceration at the hands of those sympathetic critics who would subsume affirmative action under more general principles, responding to need and promoting diversity, in particular. Basing affirmative action on these general principles, Feinberg contends, would render it so broad in scope that even certain White males ‐ those who are poor and working class, for instance ‐ would be included among the groups legitimately within affirmative action’s purview. In the process, its ability to eliminate the special injustices suffered by proper target groups would be significantly diluted. This provides a brief sketch of the position Feinberg stakes out. In what follows I try to provide the reader with enough additional details to get a reasonably good feel for the character and contents of the book as a whole. But my emphases do not in all cases parallel Feinberg’s. Rather, I zero in on what I take to be the most central and, as it turns out, most problematic, thesis of Feinberg’s book: the “historical debt” argument. This will be from the perspective of someone who generally agrees with the kind of affirmative action policy that Feinberg supports, but on different grounds. In Chapter 1, Feinberg provides an overview of affirmative action as a policy, including some its legal history, its role in higher education, and the current backlash against it. Feinberg also broaches different interpretations of affirmative
Post-transfusion purpura: a heterogeneous syndrome.

Three new patients with post-transfusion purpura (PTP) are described. As the manifestations in two differ significantly from those of previously reported cases, they serve to expand the definition of this syndrome. Although all 14 previously reported cases have occurred in Pl- A1-negative females, one of our patients was a Pl-A-negative male. Moreover, a female whose postrecovery platelets possessed the Pl-A1 antigen is described. Antiplatelet antibody activity was detected in all three patients by the 51Cr release test; in contrast, only one reacted in the complement (C) fixation assay. Serum obtained during the acute episode from the PlA1-positive patient reacted against platelets from four of 11 normals by C fixation and against platelets from 48 of 53 normals by 51Cr release, including five of nine Pl-A1-negative platelet samples. This case represents the first instance of PTP in which the platelet isoantibody was not specifically directed against the Pl-A1 antigen. These observations suggest that PTP may be a more heterogeneous disorder than previously realized.
Performance of narrowband signal-subspace processing

This paper presents an analytical evaluation of detection (determination of the number of sources) and estimation performances of narrowband signal-subspace processing for multiple-source direction finding. The probabilities of underestimating and overestimating the number of sources are derived, under asymptotic conditions and around threshold region, in terms of the choice of a penalty function and signal, noise and array parameters for the cases of at most two closely-spaced sources in the spatially white noise. A scalar measure is introduced for the evaluation of the quality of the estimated signal-subspace. Based on the statistics of this measure performance thresholds are demonstrated for the signal-to-noise ratio, angle separation and correlation between two equipowered sources.