cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A time-sorting pitfall trap and temperature datalogger for the sampling of surface-active arthropods

Abstract Nearly all arthropods display consistent patterns of activity according to time of day. These patterns of activity often limit the extent of animal co-occurrence in space and time. Quantifying when particular species are active and how activity varies with environmental conditions is difficult without the use of automated devices due to the need for continuous monitoring. Time-sorting pitfall traps passively collect active arthropods into containers with known beginning and end sample times. The trap described here, similar to previous designs, sorts arthropods by the time they fall into the trap using a rotating circular rack of vials. This trap represents a reduction in size, cost, and time of construction, while increasing the number of time windows sampled. The addition of temperature data collection extends functionality, while the use of store-bought components and inclusion of customizable software make the trap easy to reproduce and use.
The Tuning of MIMO Fuzzy Heuristic Controllers

Abstract A MIMO PI controller tuning method has been adapted to tune fuzzy heuristic controllers. The fuzzy heuristic controller gains are calculated by applying the algebraic correlations for controller tuning of first order plus deadtime processes. To date, most fuzzy controller tuning methods reported in the literature apply localized and often ad-hoc modifications of controller actions. The proposed method allows global modification of the controller actions in a systematic manner. By adapting PI tuning methods, the fuzzy heuristic controllers may be tuned based on observations of process responses. Simulations demonstrate that this approach is successful
Phenolic content, anthocyanins and antiradical capacity of diverse purple bran rice genotypes as compared to other bran colors

Abstract Anthocyanins are flavonoids, a subgroup of phenolic compounds in bran of purple rice that have shown health benefits in animal studies and human clinical trials. We studied the genetic diversity of the concentrations of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins, and, antiradical capacity in diverse purple rice brans. More than 13-, 12-, 25- and 8-fold variations were found for these respective traits. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside were the major anthocyanins identified. The color parameter b* of whole grain rice was correlated with anthocyanins and can be used as a non-destructive quick screening tool. Purple brans that accumulated both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins had the highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity among all color brans. Purple brans had the widest genotypic diversity of these chemical traits, followed by red, brown, light brown, and white. In terms of antioxidant properties of total flavonoid compounds in the sample extracts, purple and red brans had similar reducing capacity per unit of total flavonoids; while purple bran had higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity per unit of total flavonoids. In conclusion, new rice cultivars with colored bran having specific amounts and types of phenolic compounds can be developed using traditional breeding.
Chapter 39 – Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas of the Axial Skeleton: Emerging Therapies and Future Directions

Abstract Chordoma and chondrosarcoma are related malignant bone tumors with some unusual features, such as their ability to dedifferentiate into high-grade sarcoma and abundance of extracellular matrix. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of both, and new techniques may improve the extent of resection and thus local control. Intraoperative adjuvants such as cryotherapy may decrease the local recurrence. Staged approaches and aortic balloon pump, both of which can reduce blood loss, may improve outcomes. However, despite improved local control, metastasis can occur in up to 30% of cases. Although both tumors are relatively radioresistant, improved tumor control and safety in high-dose radiation may result from novel techniques such as heavy particle irradiation. And the newly discovered abscopal effect of radiation on immune response may be more important than its direct effects. There are currently no effective drugs for most chordomas (except poorly differentiated) and chondrosarcomas (except mesenchymal), but potentially useful new targets have been identified. These include the molecular pathways of cell cycle regulation and activated receptor tyrosine kinase cascade. Discovery of epigenetic events and antigens unique to these tumors may suggest additional targets for chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic suppression of metastatic spread. DNA methylation of tumor-suppressor genes affects notochord cell differentiation and malignant transformation of cells. New immunotherapy targets are enticing, but preparation and testing of chimeric antibodies against them is time-consuming. Metabolic pathways, such as that containing isocitrate dehydrogenase, may offer additional targets for single agents or combination therapies. The molecular analysis required to develop this list of innovative therapies should also identify novel biomarkers useful in diagnosis and prognosis. Cooperation within a multidisciplinary team will continue to be essential to improved patient outcomes.
Wideband gyro-TWT amplifier experiments

Research on broadband, multi-kilowatt millimeter wave gyro-TWT amplifiers operating at low beam power (< 300kW) is attractive for applications such as electronic warfare, radar, and communications. In order to achieve wideband rfamplification in gyro-devices, the waveguide is either tapered along the axial distance or loaded with disks or dielectric. TwoKa-band gyro-TWT amplifiers are considered; (1) a tapered rectangular waveguide and (2) a dielectric loaded rectangularwaveguide. A frequency multiplied harmonic interaction in tapered waveguide is also investigated for W-band rfamplification.
Microbodies (Peroxisomes) in Soybean Root Nodules

It is now well established that microbodies are prominent in two specialized tissues of plants: in green tissues and in the fat-storing structures of germinating seedlings, where they play important metabolic roles. In green leaves they are termed “leaf peroxisomes” and are associated with chloroplasts and mitochondria in photorespiration (Frederick and Newcomb 1969 a; Tolbert 1971). In the fat-storing cotyledons or endosperm of germinating fatty seeds, where they are known as “glyoxysomes”, they possess the glyoxylate cycle enzymes and participate in the conversion of fat to carbohydrate (Frederick et al. 1975; Beevers 1979). We report here that the root nodules of soybean inoculated with effective strains of Rhizobium japonicum constitute a third type of plant material in which the microbodies become abundant and much enlarged. We believe this microbody response is probably related to the participation of this organelle in the formation of ureides from recently fixed N2 in the nodule.
Interest rate pass‐through: Divisia user costs of monetary assets and the federal funds rate

Evidence of substantial passâ€ through in shortâ€ term rates and other rates of financial and monetary assets has been typically rejected by the data. This paper investigates level and volatility transmissions among the federal funds rate and the user cost of various monetary assets, which include both instruments of public debt (e.g., tâ€ bills) and private debt (e.g., commercial paper). Results suggest substantial and timeâ€ varying passâ€ through. Higher degrees of bidirectional passâ€ through occur between the federal funds rate to the user costs of more liquid assetsâ€”both in levels and volatilities. Federal funds rate spillovers propagate faster onto more liquid rates as well. These findings have important implications for monetary transmission not only across the term structure but along markets of varying liquidity.
Ultrabright Laser-Compton Light Sources and Novel Applications

The development, optimization and applications of compact, high-peak and high-average brilliance laser-Compton x-ray and gamma-ray sources is reviewed. Potential applications range from nuclear photonics to precision medical imaging and theranostics.
Severe infections in critically ill solid organ transplant recipients

Background Severe infections are among the most common causes of death in immunocompromised patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of these infections has evolved in the last decade. Aims We aim to provide a comprehensive review of these severe infections in this population. Sources Review of the literature pertaining to severe infections in critically ill solid organ transplant recipients. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for documents published since database inception until November 2017. Content The epidemiology of severe infections has changed in the immunocompromised patients. This population is presenting to the intensive care unit with specific transplantation procedure-related infections, device-associated infections, a multitude of opportunistic viral infections, an increasing number of nosocomial infections and bacterial diseases with a more limited therapeutic armamentarium. Both molecular diagnostics and imaging techniques have had substantial progress in the last decade, which will, we hope, translate into faster and more precise diagnoses, as well as more optimal empirical treatment de-escalation. Implications The key clinical elements to improve the outcome of critically ill solid organ transplant recipients depend on the knowledge of geographic epidemiology, specific surgical procedures, net state of immunosuppression, hospital microbial ecology, aggressive diagnostic strategy and search for source control, rapid initiation of antimicrobials and minimization of iatrogenic immunosuppression.
An algorithm for SAT above the threshold

We study algorithms for finding satisfying assignments of randomly generated 3-SAT formula. In particular, we consider distributions of highly constrained formulas (that is, “above the threshold” formulas) restricted to satisfiable instances. We obtain positive algorithmic results, showing that such formulas can be solved in low exponential time.
A comparison of operators for solving time dependent traveling salesman problems using genetic algorithms

This paper describes which genetic operators can best solve time dependent traveling salesman problems (TDTSPs) containing up to 50 cities. We first provide an overview of the TDTSP and illustrate its relation to other scheduling and routing problems. Next we describe a genetic algorithm that implements eight common genetic operators, plus Julstrom's adaptive operator probability and Goldberg's population re-initialization mechanisms. We present the results of 280 experiments and show that one combination of these operators and mechanisms outperforms a well-known dynamic programming heuristic. An analysis of the test results indicates that hybrid solutions incorporating solution techniques for both scheduling and the traveling salesman problems may generate better results than either technique alone.
f -Ergodicity and f -Regularity

In Chapter 13 we considered ergodic chains for which the limit $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{k \to \infty } {\text{ }}{E_x}[f({\Phi _\kappa })] = \int {f{\text{ }}d\pi }$$ (14.1) exists for every initial condition, and every bounded function ƒ on X.
MB+-Tree: An Index Structure for Content-Based Retrieval

Though standard database management systems(DBMSs) dealing mainly with alphanumeric or spatial data have reached a high level of maturity, the techniques employed there cannot be effectively applied to the management of other multimedia entities such as images and video, primarily because of the differing nature of the data and the varying types of the queries posed to the system. Unlike traditional DBMSs, which normally retrieve a few records through the specification of exact queries based on the notion of “equality,” the types of queries expected in an image/video DBMS are relatively vague or fuzzy and are based on the notion of “similarity”. The result is that the similarity measure used can vary depending on the query posed to the system. Thus the indexing structure should be able to satisfy similarity-based queries for a wide range of similarity measures. Also, a realistic expectation of an image/video DBMS would be for it to reduce the search space by eliminating records which are completely irrelevant to the query. This “browsing” or “filtering” approach to query processing is suited to an image/video DBMS since the human visual system is quite capable of rapidly browsing through hundreds of images. In addition, the querying process in image/video DBMSs is expected to be iterative with progressively more refined queries being issued during the later stages. Thus the indexing structure should be able to efficiently support both vague queries(retrieving a large number of approximate matches) and “non-vague” queries(retrieving a small number of close matches).
Case 63: Intraoperative Airway Obstruction

A 22-month-old (15kg) boy is scheduled for an orthopedic procedure on his right foot in a prone position. The boy is otherwise healthy with normal milestones. This is his first operation. His family history is negative for anesthesia complications.
Use of the ASPEN Plus Process Simulator in Modeling Systems Containing Hydrofluoric Acid

Nonideal association in the vapor phase of HF poses a challenge in modeling. In this paper, a hybrid HF equation in the ASPEN Plus process simulation software and an equation of Anderko and co-workers are compared. Lencka and Anderko used a general framework to combine a simple association model with a cubic equation. This formulation helps to represent the phase behaviors of HF and halocarbon mixtures, especially for systems containing two liquid phases.
From Service Providers to Collaborators and Partners: A Nondiscipline-Based Approach at a Liberal Arts College

Research libraries have been engaged in discussions of the functionalist approach versus the liaison model. While some have adopted a hybrid model that overlays functionalists with liaisons, few ha...
Liver Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a main cause of morbidity and mortality. Liver-related morbidity and mortality can be caused by multiple etiologic factors, including opportunistic infections, direct and indirect effects of antiretrovirals, direct and indirect effects of HIV, and viral hepatitides. These factors present with varied liver pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to abnormalities in liver enzymes and synthetic function test, followed by distinct clinical presentations. This article elucidates the direct effects on HIV in the liver and explores the diagnostic and management challenges in patients with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment.
Do Architects and Designers Think about Interactivity Differently

This essay has three parts. In Part 1, I review six biases that frame the way architects and human–computer interaction (HCI) practitioners think about their design problems. These arise from differences between working on procedurally complex tasks in peripersonal space like writing or sketching and being immersed in larger physical spaces where we dwell and engage in body-sized activity like sitting, chatting, and moving about. In Part 2, I explore three types of interface: classical HCI, network interfaces such as context-aware systems, and socio-ecological interfaces. An interface for an architect is a niche that includes the very people who interact with it. In HCI, people are still distinct from the interface. Because of this difference, architectural conceptions may be a fertile playground for HCI. The same holds for interactivity. In Part 3, I discuss why interactivity in HCI is symmetric and transitive. Only in ecological and social interaction is it also reflexive. In ecological interfaces, people co-create bubbles of joint awareness where they share highly situated values, experience, and knowledge.
Copper-Mediated Late-stage Radiofluorination: Five Years of Impact on Pre-clinical and Clinical PET Imaging.

Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) is emerging as the method of choice for the formation of aromatic C–18F bonds. This minireview examines proof-of-concept, preclinical, and in-human imaging studies of new and established imaging agents containing aromatic C–18F bonds synthesized with CMRF. An exhaustive discussion of CMRF methods is not provided, although key developments that have enabled or improved upon the syntheses of fluorine-18 imaging agents are discussed. A comprehensive literature search from April 2014 onwards of the Web of Science and PubMed library databases was performed to find reports that utilize CMRF for the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, and these represent the primary body of research discussed in this minireview. Select conference proceedings, previous reports describing alternative methods for the synthesis of imaging agents, and preceding fluorine-19 methodologies have also been included for discussion. CMRF has significantly expanded the chemical space that is accessible to fluorine-18 radiolabeling with production methods that can meet the regulatory requirements for use in Nuclear Medicine. Furthermore, it has enabled novel and improved syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals and facilitated subsequent PET imaging studies. The rapid adoption of CMRF will undoubtedly continue to simplify the production of imaging agents and inspire the development of new radiofluorination methodologies.
Midwives Uniquely Suited to Deliver Woman-Centered Care and Decrease Stigma for Women With Substance Use Disorders

Midwives are being called to serve a growing population of vulnerable women, those with substance use disorders (SUDs). Increasing numbers of women across the lifespan are being diagnosed with SUDs. In addition, women with SUDs are experiencing very unique and distinct differences in stigma related to their substance use. This stigma is coming from varied sources and through many different forms including mislabeling, misinformation, the media, and a devalued maternal/child relationship. Mothers frequently experience different types of adverse health encounters during the perinatal and postpartum period that also contribute to stigma. Midwives are positioned to provide woman-centered care in a variety of practice settings as integral members of interprofessional teams. Midwives can decrease the stigma women with SUDs are experiencing while improving the health of women, mothers, and families worldwide.
Should Athletic Training Educators Utilize Grades When Evaluating Student Clinical Performance

Objective: To explore and address some of the challenges for assessing, interpreting, and grading athletic training students' clinical performance and to suggest athletic training educators consider using a more universal assessment method for professional consistency. Background: In years past students learned from teachers or mentors on an individualized basis without receiving a grade for their performance. Grading began primarily from a need to teach and evaluate more students at one time. Over the past two centuries, grading has become a complex process that serves multiple roles including evaluation of learning, skill development, motivation, communication abilities, organizational skills and behaviors. Description: Currently there are many ways to evaluate and grade students in clinical education courses. When evaluators use inconsistent assessment techniques and a grade is not measuring the same criteria, the validity of a grade becomes questionable. Consequently, feedback from a universal assessm...
A Synthetic Wide-Bandwidth Radar System Using USRPs

In this paper, we present a synthetic wide-bandwidth radar system using USRP devices. Normally, USRP devices have tens of MHz bandwidth, and cannot generate large bandwidth sweeps to achieve cm level range resolution. By using a synthetic wide-bandwidth approach, we can generate frequency sweeps up to 5 GHz bandwidth and obtain high-resolution range profiles. We will first summarize the mathematical details of the proposed approach, then present a pure Python based solution using the UHD library, and a GNU radio + Octave based implementation, and finally present experimental results for two different test cases. The developed code is available on a public GitHub repo. Compared to the FMCW radars with a voltage controlled oscillator, the sweep time or the experiment duration is longer, but very large bandwidth sweeps can be realized easily by using low-cost USRP devices, and sweeps are more accurate. All of our experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed radar system.
Applied Materials: Beyond Matter: Sharing our Approach for LASAR: How We Support Making Engineered Optical Designs Possible

The last 40+ years of investment in improving semiconductor performance has enabled a step function change in photonics. For this change to be commercially successful, performance must be matched with the ability to manufacture in high volume with high repeatability. To address this demand, Applied Materials is focused on enabling and producing the photonics solutions of the future with a focus on materials engineering, process development, and tools utilization. The ability to deliver light guides for demanding high-performance and high-volume opportunities requires development partners with the gamut of expertise found at Applied. Collaboration across the LASAR ecosystem is a key component to support the focus on developing technical design plans that will lead the way in accelerating your AR Optical designs. This talk will focus on the typical engagement process with Applied and our alliance partners to produce your Engineered Optic design.
A 61-year-old woman with jejunal lymphatic malformation visualized on computed tomography: a case report

Jejunal lymphatic malformations are congenital lesions that are seldom diagnosed in adults and rarely seen on imaging. A 61-year-old Caucasian woman was initially diagnosed and treated for mucinous ovarian carcinoma. After an exploratory laparotomy with left salpingo-oophorectomy, a computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated suspicious fluid-containing lesions involving a segment of jejunum and adjacent mesentery. Resection of the lesion during subsequent debulking surgery revealed that the lesion seen on imaging was a jejunal lymphatic malformation and not a cancerous implant. Abdominal lymphatic malformations are difficult to diagnose solely on imaging but should remain on the differential in adult cancer patients with persistent cystic abdominal lesions despite chemotherapy and must be differentiated from metastatic implants.
Ensemble Learning Methods for Anomaly Intrusion Detection System in Smart Grid

Smart grid is an emerging technology that delivers intelligently to the end-users through two-way communication. However, this technology can be subject to several cyber-attacks due to this network's inherent weaknesses. One practical solution to secure smart grid networks is using an intrusion detection system (IDS). IDS improves the smart grid’s security by detecting malicious activities in the network. However, existing systems have several shortcomings, such as a low detection rate and high false alarm. For this purpose, several studies have focused on addressing these issues, using techniques, including traditional machine learning models. In this paper, we investigate the performance of three different ensemble learning techniques: bagging-based, boosting-based, and stacking-based. Their results are compared to those of three traditional machine learning techniques, namely K nearest neighbor, decision tree, and Naive Bayes. To train, evaluate, and test the proposed methods. We used the benchmark of CICDDos 2019 that consists of several DDoS attacks. Two feature selection techniques are used to identify the most important features. The performance evaluation is based on the probability of detection, probability of false alarm, probability of miss detection, and accuracy. The simulation results show that the stacking-based ensemble learning techniques outperform the other algorithms in terms of the four-evaluation metrics.
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection at US Health Centers: Impact of City-Level Structural Stigma in 2018.

Objectives. To examine the relationship between city-level structural stigma pertaining to sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and completeness of patient SOGI data collection at US feder...
Continuum effective-stress approach for high-rate plastic deformation of fluid-saturated geomaterials with application to shaped-charge jet penetration

A practical engineering approach for modeling the constitutive response of fluid-saturated porous geomaterials is developed and applied to shaped-charge jet penetration in wellbore completion. An analytical model of a saturated thick spherical shell provides valuable insight into the qualitative character of the elastic–plastic response with an evolving pore fluid pressure. However, intrinsic limitations of such a simplistic theory are discussed to motivate the more realistic semi-empirical model used in this work. The constitutive model is implemented into a material point method code that can accommodate extremely large deformations. Consistent with experimental observations, the simulations of wellbore perforation exhibit appropriate dependencies of depth of penetration on pore pressure and confining stress.
On the specificity of streptococcal proteinase.

Abstract In order to investigate the specificity of streptococcal proteinase, the peptides formed during proteolysis of the reduced, carboxymethylated phenylalanyl chain of insulin have been isolated and identified. One of the bonds most rapidly hydrolyzed was the Phe-Tyr linkage in the -Phe-Phe-Tyr-sequence. With this result as a lead, a series of synthetic substrates was tested. The results of experiments with acyl dipeptides and with the insulin chain showed that the chief requirement for hydrolysis is the presence of a bulky side chain on the ammo acid adjacent, on the amino-terminal side, to the residue contributing the carbonyl to the susceptible peptide bond. This side chain appears to be important for the binding of substrate to the active center of the enzyme. The residues actually linked by the bond are not so critical, although the results with the acyl dipeptides indicate that there may be a secondary hydrophobic binding of the side chain of the amino acid donating the nitrogen to the susceptible peptide bond. Studies of Vmax and Km for the hydrolysis of several benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl peptides showed that, in these cases, deacylation of an acyl enzyme is not rate-limiting. The variations of Vmax and Km with pH were studied. A graph of log Vmax with respect to pH showed one inflection at pH 6.4 whereas a graph of pKm with respect to pH had two inflections, one at pH 6.4 and the other at pH 8.4. These results are compatible with the conclusion that an unprotonated imidazole ring and the protonated form of the single sulfhydryl group are essential for activity.
Gender, Leadership Orientation, and Effectiveness: Testing the Theoretical Models of Bolman & Deal and Quinn

This study examined the differences in gender between a “balanced” or “unbalanced” orientation of leadership, leadership characteristics, and the perceived effectiveness of educational leaders through subordinate responses in the context of Bolman and Deal's (1991, 1997) four-frame leadership theory and Quinn's (1988) competing values model. The findings suggest that any differences in the perceived effectiveness of educational leaders in the three leadership type groups are equally true for male and female leaders, and that male and female educational leaders were perceived to be equally effective in their respective organizations despite the stereotypical connotations asserted in previous research. In addition, no significant differences were found between men and women in their leadership characteristics, which stands in contrast to extant research-supported evidence. This study analyzed the ratings of 57 leaders (males = 31; females = 26) by 472 subordinate participants (males = 234; females = 238) from lower, middle, and upper management levels in secondary and postsecondary institutions. Approximately 60% of the participants and one third of the educational leaders were African Americans.
Motivating User Contributions in Online Knowledge Communities: Virtual Rewards and Reputation

User contribution determines the success of online knowledge communities. As user contributions are voluntary, many online communities failed due to declining user contributions. Hence, it becomes critical to understand and design mechanisms that are effective to motivate user contributions. This paper studies the effects of two mechanisms, virtual rewards and reputation, on the quantity and quality of user contributions in online community. We analyze user-level panel data from a representative knowledge sharing platform Stack Exchange.com, and investigate whether these two mechanisms improve the quantity and quality of user contributions. Surprisingly, we find that a user's reputation does not directly motivate contribution. It is the relative reputation (ranking) that serves as the motivation. This finding highlights the importance of peer effect and social comparison in the incentive design of open collaboration platforms. Our study provides implications for platform designers on how to motivate community participants and build sustainable online knowledge communities.
Realistic, mathematically tractable graph generation and evolution, using kronecker multiplication

How can we generate realistic graphs? In addition, how can we do so with a mathematically tractable model that makes it feasible to analyze their properties rigorously? Real graphs obey a long list of surprising properties: Heavy tails for the in- and out-degree distribution; heavy tails for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors; small diameters; and the recently discovered "Densification Power Law" (DPL). All published graph generators either fail to match several of the above properties, are very complicated to analyze mathematically, or both. Here we propose a graph generator that is mathematically tractable and matches this collection of properties. The main idea is to use a non-standard matrix operation, the Kronecker product, to generate graphs that we refer to as "Kronecker graphs". We show that Kronecker graphs naturally obey all the above properties; in fact, we can rigorously prove that they do so. We also provide empirical evidence showing that they can mimic very well several real graphs. Work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. IIS-0209107, SENSOR-0329549, IIS-0326322, CNS-0433540, CCF-0325453, IIS-0329064, CNS-0403340, CCR-0122581, a David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship, and also by the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance (PITA), a partnership of Carnegie Mellon, Lehigh University and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, or other funding parties.
Student Functioning, Concerns, and Socio-Personal Well-Being

The following study used the Student Quality of Lifeand Satisfaction (SQOLAS) instrument and 467University of Rhode Island undergraduate and graduatestudents as participants in order to examinerelationships among functioning and performancevariables, student concern and importance areas, andmeasures of socio-personal satisfaction andwell-being. Canonical correlational analysis revealedtwo statistically significant canonical correlationsbetween a student functioning/performance variable setand a concern/importance area variable set. A set ofvariables related to increased concern and importanceratings of socio-sexual behavior, and decreasedratings of crime, violence, multicultural, and genderissues was significantly associated with a second setof variables: increased levels of alcohol use andassociated negative consequences, younger age,increased mental health concerns, men more than women,decreased class year, and less positive ratings towarddirection in life. Standard multiple regressionanalysis produced a statistically significant modelwhere positive attitude towards direction in life canbe predicted by higher levels of socio-personalsatisfaction and deep metacognitive processing, andlower levels of alcohol use and associated negativeconsequences, and fewer mental health concerns.Implications of the results are discussed in relationto theories of cognitive behavior, phenomenologicalfunctioning, life meaning, and well-being.
Lysine 2,3-aminomutase. Purification and properties of a pyridoxal phosphate and S-adenosylmethionine-activated enzyme.

Abstract The enzyme lysine 2,3-aminomutase from Clostridium SB4 which catalyzes the conversion of l-lysine to l-β-lysine has been studied. A satisfactory radiochemical assay has been developed. Although the enzyme is inactivated rapidly by exposure to oxygen, it can be fully activated by anaerobic incubation with a sulfhydryl compound for 1 hour at 37°. Optimal activation occurs when 0.9 mm ferrous ion is present; evidence is presented that enzyme-bound ferrous ion is required for activity. The enzyme is moderately stable and has been purified 53-fold in 10% yield to a specific activity of 6.4 units per mg. The best preparations appear to be at least 95% homogeneous on the basis of disc gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. A molecular weight of 285,000 has been estimated by two different procedures. The sedimentation coefficient is 10.0 S. The addition of S-adenosylmethionine stimulated activity; near maximal activity was achieved when 3.7 moles of S-adenosylmethionine per mole of enzyme were added to the assay. The apparent Km for S-adenosylmethionine is 2.8 x 10-8 m. S-Adenosylhomocysteine inhibits competitively with S-adenosylmethionine. The enzyme is stereospecific for l-lysine; the apparent Km is 6.6 mm. S-Aminoethylcysteine is a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 56 µm). The aminomutase reaction is reversible; the equilibrium constant (K = (l-β-lysine)/(l-lysine)) at 37° is 6.7. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme has a peak at 420 mµ and is similar to that of some pyridoxal phosphate enzymes. The activity and the absorbance peak are decreased by treatment with cysteine, hydroxylamine, or isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Analytical data show that the enzyme contains at least 1.7 moles of protein-bound vitamin B6 per mole. Experiments with D2O and T2O show that little or no exchange between solvent hydrogen and lysine or β-lysine occurs during the aminomutase reaction.
Nuclear War from a Cosmic Perspective

I discuss the impact of computer progress on nuclear war policy, both by enabling more accurate nuclear winter simulations and by affecting the probability of war starting accidentally. I argue that from a cosmic perspective, humanity's track record of risk mitigation is inexcusably pathetic, jeopardizing the potential for life to flourish for billions of years.
The Real Conequences of Financial Market Integration When Countries are Heterogeneous

This paper studies the mechanisms through which financial integration affects the pattern of international capital flows and the domestic economic performances when explicitly accounting for wealth inequality on imperfect capital markets. Balancing the impact of a firm size and a credit rationing effect on the net credit position and on aggregate production will help predicting the distribution of gains and losses among and within countries on the basis of a country’s aggregate wealth and its distribution. Altogether, the results contribute new explanations for some empirical puzzles. They also bear important implications for policy making, supranational treaty design and financial stability.
Colonization genetics of an animal‐dispersed plant (Vaccinium membranaceum) at Mount St Helens, Washington

Population founding and spatial spread may profoundly influence later population genetic structure, but their effects are difficult to quantify when population history is unknown. We examined the genetic effects of founder group formation in a recently founded population of the animal-dispersed Vaccinium membranaceum (black huckleberry) on new volcanic deposits at Mount St Helens (Washington, USA) 24 years post-eruption. Using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and assignment tests, we determined sources of the newly founded population and characterized genetic variation within new and source populations. Our analyses indicate that while founders were derived from many sources, about half originated from a small number of plants that survived the 1980 eruption in pockets of remnant soil embedded within primary successional areas. We found no evidence of a strong founder effect in the new population; indeed genetic diversity in the newly founded population tended to be higher than in some of the source regions. Similarly, formation of the new population did not increase among-population genetic variance, and there was no evidence of kin-structured dispersal in the new population. These results indicate that high gene flow among sources and long-distance dispersal were important processes shaping the genetic diversity in this young V. membranaceum population. Other species with similar dispersal abilities may also be able to colonize new habitats without significant reduction in genetic diversity or increase in differentiation among populations.
Convergence of euler‐stokes splitting of the navier‐stokes equations

We consider approximation by partial time steps of a smooth solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in a smooth domain in two or three space dimensions with no-slip boundary condition. For small k > 0, we alternate the solution for time k of the inviscid Euler equations, with tangential boundary condition, and the solution of the linear Stokes equations for time k, with the no-slip condition imposed. We show that this approximation remains bounded in H2,p and is accurate to order k in Lp for p > ∞. The principal difficulty is that the initial state for each Stokes step has tangential velocity at the boundary generated during the Euler step, and thus does not satisfy the boundary condition for the Stokes step. The validity of such a fractional step method or splitting is an underlying principle for some computational methods. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
VALUE OF THE ORAL RESPONSE IN BEGINNING READING: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION*

Summary. The question of the effect of vocalization in reading has not received a dear answer. In the present study, the procedures of programed instruction were used in testing the hypothesis that the saying of words and sentences out loud by beginners in reading will result in greater ability to recognize and understand written words and sentences. An auto-instructional program which taught forty words was administered to 182 non-readers in the kindergarten during a seventeen-day period. These children had been paired and assigned to oral and non-oral groups where they received identical programed instruction with the exception that those in the oral group were directed to ‘say the words’ instead of to ‘look at the words.’ An examination which called for silent reading, not oral reading, was given at the end of the last lesson. The results supported the hypothesis that the oral response is valuable in learning to read.
Incoherent scatter spectrum theory for modes propagating perpendicular to the geomagnetic field

[1] The collisional incoherent scatter spectral theory of Woodman is extended to the Te/Ti > 1 case by using its equivalent electron- and ion-Gordeyev integrals in existing collisionless spectral models. A collisional spectral model for Te/Ti > 1 is needed in the interpretation of F region incoherent scatter returns obtained at small magnetic aspect angles.
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction study of surface morphology of vicinal Au(110) throughout the (2×1) to (1×1) phase transition

Abstract The vicinal Au(1 1 0) surface morphology throughout the (2 × 1) to (1 × 1) phase transition is studied by quantitative reflection high-energy electron diffraction. As the surface is heated from 300 K, the average terrace width remains unchanged up to 635 ± 10 K. Above that temperature, the average terrace width increases and at 683 K has a value (34 ± 10)% more than at 300 K. At higher temperatures, the average terrace width decreases. The average string length at step terraces on Au(1 1 0) remains basically unchanged up to ∼650 K and decreases sharply at higher temperatures indicative of a step-induced roughening transition. Thermal-induced adatom/vacancy generation on terraces is shown to increase significantly above ∼680 K. At room temperature, the spacing between the topmost two layers of the Au(1 1 0) surface is contracted by 0.31 ± 0.03 A or ∼22% of the bulk-terminated structure.
Electroactive ion exchange polymers

Abstract Electroactive ion exchange polymers contain both electroactive and ion exchange functionalities. This paper describes electroactive cation exchange polymers based on styrene, styrenesulfonate and vinylferrocene. Polymer film-modified electrodes were used to study these terpolymers. The electrochemical characteristics of these polymers are rather unusual in that the number of ferrocene/ferrocinium (Fc/Fc + )cyclic voltammetric waves seen depends on the quantity of -SO 3 − groups incorporated into the polymer film. This suggests that the chemical microenvironment around a fraction of the Fc groups changes when -SO 3 − is incorporated. The ion exchange characteristics of these polymers can be modulated electrochemically. When the Fc/Fc + in the film is quantitatively reduced, these terpolymers are cation exchangers and can incorporate electroactive cations from a contacting solution phase. When Fc is then quantitatively oxidized, the Fc + produced becomes the counterion for the -SO 3 − groups and the counterion initially present is expelled from the film. Thus, these are electroreleasing polymers; possible applications of these polymers are discussed.
Nuclear spin-spin relaxation of isotopic impurities in solid hydrogen.

We report systematic studies of the transverse nuclear spin-spin relaxation times {ital T}{sub 2} of HD impurities in solid H{sub 2}. The experimental results indicate three different temperature regimes: (1) an exponential temperature dependence at high temperatures, (2) a minimum in {ital T}{sub 2} for 7 K{lt}{ital T}{lt}11 K, and (3) an approximately temperature-independent region for 1.5 K{lt}{ital T}{lt}7 K. The latter is attributed to the quantum diffusion of the impurities at low temperatures. At very low temperatures (0.10 K{lt}{ital T}{lt}1.5 K), {ital T}{sub 2} increases approximately linearly with temperature. This is attributed to the formation of bound ortho-H{sub 2} pairs. The behavior in the intermediate-temperature regime is analyzed in terms of vacancy-impurity scattering with quantum tunneling of vacancies.
Sexual Attitudes, Cognitive Associative Networks, and Perceived Vulnerability to Unplanned Pregnancy

Abstract The current study was designed to examine the relation between cognitive associative networks, perceptions of vulnerability to unplanned pregnancy, and erotophobia. Two issues were addressed. The first was whether negative emotional orientation toward sexuality (i.e., erotophobia) is related to cognitive associations between sexual words and words with positive vs negative connotations (e.g., vagina and hug vs vagina and rejection). The second issue was whether erotophobia moderates the relation between cognitive associations and perceptions of vulnerability to unplanned pregnancy. Results indicated that erotophilics have stronger associations between positive and sexual words, whereas erotophobics have stronger associations between negative and sexual words. In addition, it was demonstrated that erotophobia–erotophilia moderates the relation between cognitive associations and perceived vulnerability, such that the link between cognitive associations and perceptions of risk is stronger for erotophilics than for erotophobics.
The HIV Risk Reduction Needs of Homeless Women in Los Angeles

Background: Substance use, housing instability, and transactional sex all contribute to HIV risk engagement among homeless women. Because of the increased risk of HIV among homeless women, this study sought to understand the context of sexual behaviors and condom use among homeless women and elucidate modifiable factors that can be targeted by interventions. Methods: Homeless women (n ¼ 45) participated in focus groups (n ¼ 6) at shelters throughout Los Angeles County. Thematic analyses revealed that similar to other high-risk women, homeless women engage in sex with multiple types of partners (steady, casual, and transactional). Findings: Our findings indicate that, similar to use among other high-risk women, condom use by homeless women varied by type of partner. Substance use also contributed to condom non-use. In a departure from previous research, homeless women reported overarching feelings of hopelessness. Participants spoke of hopelessness contributing to risk engagement, specifically the number of ongoing stressors experienced because of homelessness contributing to despair. Without acknowledgement of this unique quality of homelessness, women felt their risk reduction needs would never truly be understood. Conclusions: Interventions involving homeless women should include self-esteem building, acknowledgment and use of inherent resilience qualities gained during homelessness, respect for current knowledge and skills, and an exploration of when women choose to trust their partners and how they make safer sex choices. Copyright 2013 by the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Implications of Long-Term Precipitation Amount Changes for Water Sustainability in North Carolina

There has been no clear trend in the total annual precipitation of the state of North Carolina during the 20th century. This holds for most individual stations, all climatic regions, and for the state as a whole. Seasonally, there have been no major trends in Winter or Spring precipitation. However, there has been a decrease in Summer (June, July, August) totals and an increase in those of Autumn (September, October, November). Although of approximately equal magnitude, these two trends were not complementary. The Summer decrease led to more frequent and larger soil water deficits, while the extra Autumn precipitation commonly fell onto soils already at field capacity, thus theoretically giving an increase in surface run off. This paper explores the causes of the precipitation trends through a frequency analysis of daily precipitation for selected individual stations. Part of the trend was directly associated with the number of rain days, which decreased in Summer, increased in Autumn. There were no clear...
Discussion: Public Lands and Tax Policy

[5] U.S., General Services Administration, Inventory Report on Real Property Owned by the United States Throughout the World, Washington, 1967. [6] U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Government Operations, Federal Real and Personal Property Inventory Report (Civilian and Military) of the United States Government Covering Its Properties Located in the United States, in the Territories and Overseas, as of June 30, 1966, Washington, 1966. [7] U.S. Treasury Department, Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, 1966. ARNOLD W. BOLLE