cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Boundary Integral Equation Method for Field Distribution under Cracked Metal Surface

Two approaches to the problem of the AC magnetic field distribution inside conducting media are currently used. One consists of solving the quasi-stationary Maxwell differential equations subject to certain boundary conditions. Another one is based upon certain boundary integral equations that involve only the field components at the boundary surface [1,2]. Aside from some numerical advantage in treating unknowns of a lower dimension, the second method fits better the common formulation of the eddy current NDE, which aims at determination of the total impedance of a metal part (or its change due to a defect). The impedance is related to the integrated energy flux through the metal surface and as such it can be expressed in terms of the field components at the surface exclusively.
Multimedia Design and Situational Interest: A Look at Juxtaposition and Measurement.

Maintaining and increasing intrinsic motivation in multimedia learning environments is a challenge. When we fail to adequately address the issue of motivation and interest, learners either choose to stop attending the lesson or fail to return for subsequent lessons. However, research provides guidance on how to create designs that motivate and capture interest. Designs that use varying combinations of animations, text, and narration have been shown to positively impact motivation. Although there are design principles to provide guidance, there remains a question of how to measure the impact on learner interest. The current review of literature examines the possible application of theory related to situational interest and proposes a modified survey adapted from the Situational Interest Survey to use in evaluating the effects of multimedia design on the interest of learners.
Trends in dissolved gaseous mercury in the Tahquamenon river watershed and nearshore waters of Whitefish Bay in the Michigan Upper Peninsula

A field study was conducted in June of 1998 to characterize the dynamics of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in the TahquamenonRiver watershed and nearshore waters of Whitefish Bay in the Upper Michigan Peninsula. We found that over a transect acrossthe watershed, DGM levels increased generally from a creek (mean = ∼12 pg L-1), passing through the watershed, to the nearshore surface waters of the bay (mean = ∼29 pg L-1). DGM levels in nearshore surface waters of the bayranged from ∼15 to ∼50 pg L-1 and peaked generally around noontime, exhibiting diurnal trends. A significant DGM decline from ∼32 pg L-1 in the early morning to ∼15 pg L-1 during the day was observed in these surface waters following passage of a coldfront, probably caused by wind-induced mixing and decrease insolar radiation associated with the frontal passage.
Bone marrow stromal cells of bcl-2 transgenic mice express widespread Bcl-2 protein and reduce apoptosis in a serum-free medium

P225 Stem cell transplantation is a vibrant area of research with the goal of treatment of uncurable diseases. Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs, including marrow stem and progenitor cells) have been employed to improve neurological functional recovery after stoke and injury. Grafted cell death is a common feature of intracerebral transplantation. Bcl-2 has been shown to protect a variety of cell types from apoptoic cell death. We tested the hypothesis that MSCs harvested from bcl-2 transgenic mice promote survival and decrease apoptosis of cells in vitro. MSCs were harvested from adult male C57BL/6 transgenic mice (n=4) overexpressing bcl-2, and from normal control C57BL/6 mice (n=4). Cells were cultured in regular medium, Iscove s Modified Dulbecco s medium (IMDM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS); and then isolated by their adherence to the plastic dishes from non-adherent hematopoietic cells at 72 h of incubation. To examine the effect of bcl-2 on cell death induced by serum deprivation. MSCs were washed and incubated with the serum-free medium. Immunostaining and Western blot were used to identify Bcl-2 protein expression, and TUNEL staining was used to identify in situ DNA fragmentation of apoptotic cells. Immunocytochemical staining indicated that 100% of MSCs harvested from bcl-2 transgenic mice express Bcl-2 protein. Western blot showed that Bcl-2 protein was 8 times more intense in the MSCs harvested from transgenic mice than that from normal control mice at 12 days cultured in regular medium. After 48 h cultured in the serum-free medium, 5.8% of MSCs from bcl-2 transgenic mice were presented apoptoic morphology, compared with 39% of MSCs from normal controls. Our finding demonstrates that the overexpression of bcl-2 gene in the MSCs reduces apoptotic cell death.
Abstract 199: Stroke After Aortic Valve Surgery: Results From A Prospective Cohort

Introduction: Aortic valve disease is increasing in prevalence as the population ages. The reported risk of stroke complicating surgical aortic valve repair has ranged widely from 2-10% and its imp...
Do psychosocial predictors affect the following days' cortisol awakening response? Expanding the temporal frame with which to explore morning cortisol.

AbstractMuch of the extant cortisol awakening response (CAR) literature posits that CAR is an anticipatory response to perceived demands later that same day. However, expanding and switching the temporal order of cortisol and psychosocial influences may motivate more flexible approaches to understanding the dynamic relationship between mind and body, including cumulative strain on the HPA axis. This study was novel because we used two models to explore the effects of one day’s emotion regulation and cortisol levels on cortisol and CAR the following day in 100 mildly stressed adults aged 50–81 years old, which contrasts with the more common CAR-anticipatory-response design. In the first model, High negative-affect-variation on day 1 predicted a higher risk of having a flat CAR the next day, relative to the moderate-affect-variation group (RR = 10.10, p < .05). In the second model, higher bedtime cortisol on day 1 was positively associated with waking cortisol (β = .293, p < .01) and flatter CAR slopes on d...
A tale of two amyloids

Plasma β-amyloid drives peripheral insulin resistance, which precedes an increase in cerebral neuropathology in a novel mouse model that combines Alzheimer’s and diabetes pathologies.
Enhanced survival following oral and systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor knockout mice.

Background Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transport of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) to mucosal surfaces is thought to promote gut integrity and immunity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), an invasive pathogen in mice. To elucidate potential mechanisms, we assessed intestinal barrier function and both oral and systemic S. Typhimurium virulence in pIgR knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice. Methods In uninfected animals, we harvested jejunal segments for Ussing chamber analyses of transepithelial resistance (TER); mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) for bacterial culture; and serum and stool for IgA. Separately, we infected mice either orally or intravenously (IV) with S. Typhimurium to compare colonization, tissue dynamics, and inflammation between KOs and WTs. Results Uninfected KOs displayed decreased TER and dramatically increased serum IgA and decreased fecal IgA vs. WT; however, KO mLNs yielded fewer bacterial counts. Remarkably, WTs challenged orally with S. Typhimurium exhibited increased splenomegaly, tissue colonization, and pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. pIgR KOs, which showed increased survival following either oral or IV infection. Conclusions Absence of pIgR compromises gut integrity but does not exacerbate bacterial translocation nor S. Typhimurium infection. These findings raise the possibility that immune adaptation to increased gut permeability and elevated serum IgA in the setting of SIgA deficiency provides compensatory protection against invasive gut pathogens.
Image Reconstruction from Limited Projections Using the Angular Periodicity of the Fourier Transform of the Radon Transforms of an Object

A noniterative method of image reconstruction from limited projections is presented. The approach is based on the periodicity property of the Fourier transform of the Radon transforms of an object (observed function) with respect to the projection angle. This functional charactristic of the observed function is utilized to interpolate the missing line integrals by a truncated Fourier series expansion. Methods for finding the components of the truncated Fourier series from the available data are given. Use of a priori information in formulating the solution of the truncated Fourier series is also discussed.
Follow-up of the Asphyxiated Infant

The follow-up of the asphyxiated baby presents a medical challenge regarding the potential for and limitations of future handicaps. Asphyxia if prolonged represents a multiple risk in which trauma, metabolic disorders, and infection are factors added to the initial asphyxialischemic damage. Asphyxia also adds extra risks such as bleeding to the immature brain of the VLBW or SGA infant who, because of intrauterine factors (nutrition, drugs, or intrauterine infections), is more susceptible to the asphyxial stress of birth.
Atmospheric Pathways to the Oceans

The meteorological factors contributing to geochemical cycling in general and air-sea exchange in particular Include processes as small in scale and transitory as the gust of air over a sand dune and as large in scale and as drawn out as the Southern Oscillation. Many of the smaller scale phenomena are so closely linked with specific source mechanisms or exchange processes that they are appropriately covered in later sections. Here I will discuss those aspects of meteorology which may contribute to an understanding of atmospheric transport processes at Intermediate and larger scales. We have at our disposal the full armamentarium of atmospheric science — the deductions of physics applied to the wind and rain.
Fuzzy Spatial Data Types and Predicates: Their Definition and Integration into Query Languages

Representing, storing, quering, and manipulating spatial information is important for many non-standard database applications. Specialized systems like geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial database systems to a certain extent provide the needed technology to support these applications. So far, spatial data modeling has implicitly assumed that the extent and hence the borders of spatial phenomena are precisely determined, homogeneous, and universally recognized. From this perspective, spatial phenomena are typically represented by sharply described points (with exactly known coordinates), lines (linking a series of exactly known points), and regions (bounded by exactly defined lines which are called boundaries). Special data types called spatial data types (see [23] for a survey) have been designed for modeling these spatial data. We speak of spatial objects as instances of these data types. The properties of the space at the points, along the lines, or within the regions are given by attributes whose values are assumed to be constant over the total extent of the objects. Well known examples are especially manmade spatial objects representing engineered artifacts like highways, houses, or bridges and some predominantly immaterial spatial objects exerting social control like countries, districts, and land parcels with their political, administrative, and cadastral boundaries. We will denote this kind of entities as crisp or determinate spatial objects.
Die quantitative spektrographische Bestimmung von Blei in biologischen Stoffen

Eine fruhere Veroffentlichung (1) unseres Laboratoriums beschrieb eine spektrographische Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Blei in Urin. Diese Methode beruhte auf einer Messung der Langen der keilformigen Linien, die auf einer photographischen Platte durch Zwischenschaltung eines rotierenden logarithmischen Sektors (9) zwischen dem Lichtbogen und dem Spalt des Spektrographen hervorgerufen werden. Die Verwendung eines Mikrophotometers zum Messen der Linienintensitaten hat die Genauigkeit und Anwendungsmoglichkeit der Methode vergrosert, weshalb eine Beschreibung des Verfahrens, wie es bei der Analyse einer grosen Anzahl verschiedener biologischer Stoffe zur Anwendung gelangte, gerechtfertigt erscheint.
Alcoholic personality types as identified by MMPI and MCMI profiles

The medical model of alcoholism has long been the accepted view of alcohol dependence and addiction. This perspective has been the most prominent in both research and treatment. However, multidimensional models of alcoholism have more recently gained acceptance and credibili­ ty, and now frequently serve as guiding concepts in research and treat­ ment. These notions suggest that alcoholism involves many different types rather than a single syndrome. The present descriptive study was designed to explore a multidimensional concept of alcoholism for an in­ patient alcohol treatment population through the use of two different self-report personality measures, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). The results indicated that distinct and different personality types or clusters existed within this population. The five personality types found were: personality trait disturbance, borderline personality dis­ order, normal personality, situational disturbance, and antisocial per­ sonality. Treatment recommendations were made for each of these alco­ holic types. Since members of the five groups differed widely in personality it was proposed that treatment for each group should differ. Additional recommendations for future research were also made.
Long-term outcomes of antegrade continence enema in children with chronic encopresis and incontinence: what is the optimal flush to use?

Severe constipation and encopresis are significant problems in the pediatric population. Medical management succeeds in 50–70%; however, surgical considerations are necessary for the remainder such as the antegrade continence enema (ACE). The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term outcomes following the ACE procedure. All patients undergoing an ACE over a 14-year period were included. Data on clinical conditions, treatments, and outcomes were collected. A successful outcome was defined as remaining clean with ≤ 1 accident per week. Comparative data were analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, or Student’s t test. There were 42 ACE patients, and overall, 79% had improvement in their bowel regimens. Encopresis rates decreased from 79 to 5% (P < 0.001). Admissions for cleanouts decreased from 52 to 19% (P = 0.003). All cases of Hirschsprung’s, functional constipation and spina bifida were successful. Rates of success varied for other diseases such as slow-transit constipation (60%) and cerebral palsy (33%). A majority (85%) required a change in the enema composition for improvement. In our study, ACE reduced soiling, constipation, and need for fecal disimpaction. Higher volume saline flushes used once a day was the optimal solution and most preferred option. Level 4 (retrospective case series or cohort).
Influence modeling: Mathematical programming representations of persuasion under either risk or uncertainty

Abstract Persuasion is a fundamental element of human interaction applied to both individuals and populations. Although persuasion is a well-studied, interdisciplinary field of research, this work advances its prescriptive, quantitative characterization, and future use. That is, this research complements the qualitative psychological literature with respect to the processing of persuasive messages by developing mathematical programming formulations to identify an optimal influence campaign. We adapt the classic Decision Analysis problem to a bilevel mathematical program, wherein a persuader has the opportunity to affect the environment prior to the decisionmaker’s choice. Thereby, we define a new class of problems for modeling persuasion. Utilizing Cumulative Prospect Theory as a descriptive framework of choice, we transform the persuasion problem to a single level mathematical programming formulation, adaptable to conditions of either risk or uncertainty. These generalized models allow for the malleability of prospects as well as Cumulative Prospect Theory parameters through persuasion update functions. We detail the literature that supports the quantification of such effects which, in turn, establishes that such update functions can be realized. Finally, the efficacy of the model is illustrated through three use cases under varying conditions of risk or uncertainty: the establishment of insurance policies, the construction of a legal defense, and the development of a public pension program.
Data reduction for real-time enhanced growing neural gas spike sorting with multiple recording channels

Neural data analysis algorithms that can rapidly and accurately determine brain states are need to be developed to allow the implementation of closed-loop neural feedback controls for neuroscience studies and neural disorder treatment. In the past, we developed an Enhanced Growing Neural Gas (EGNG) algorithm that can be used to rapidly sort streaming neural spikes in real-time with very limited computational resources, suitable for implementation using digital electronic technologies for system miniaturization. Further development of data reduction is needed to extend the EGNG algorithm to sort neural spikes recorded from a multichannel neural probe. Here, we propose to use two identification methods – peak intensity and area integration – to identify the strongest neural spike among the adjacent channels in order to reduce the size of the recorded data, before sending the neural spikes to the downstream EGNG algorithm for spike sorting. This modification may lead to capability enhancement for the EGNG algorithm to rapidly sort neural spikes recorded from a multi-channel electrode for future closed-loop neural control experiments and treatments.
Making senses: Translation and the materiality of written signs in Yoko Tawada

ABSTRACTTranslation studies and literary studies more broadly are increasingly informed by materialities-based approaches, yet remain heavily invested in hermeneutic sense. This essay critiques the...
Clinical characteristics of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 antibody-related polyneuropathy: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Autoantibodies are increasingly being used as a diagnostic biomarker of chronic inflammatory neuropathies. However, their role and associated clinical syndrome are not well defined. METHODS This retrospective chart review evaluated the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup and therapeutic responses in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) antibody-associated neuropathy. RESULTS A total of 27 patients [14 men, aged 29-87 (65 ± 14) years] with positive FGFR3 antibody were included. Distal lower-extremity paresthesia (66%), unsteady gait (26%) and foot drop (11%) were common presenting symptoms. Symptom onset was acute in four (15%) cases. Distal lower-extremity weakness (mild in eight and severe in three patients) was the most frequent motor finding. Decreased distal sensation to pinprick (59%) and loss of vibration sensation (37%) were observed. Titer of FGFR3 ranged between 3100 and 30 000 (normal < 3000) with a mean of 10 688 ± 7284. Apart from the occasional association of other neuropathy-related autoantibodies, comprehensive neuropathy workup was otherwise unrevealing. Six patients had other autoimmune disease and seven patients had a history of cancer. Electromyography reflected sensorimotor neuropathy with mixed axonal and demyelinating features in 11 cases. Pure sensory neuropathy was noted in three patients. Demyelination was found in five of six nerve biopsies. Intravenous immunoglobulin response was observed in 8/10 treated patients. CONCLUSIONS The FGFR3 antibody appears not to be restricted to sensory neuropathy only. Its role in the pathogenicity of chronic inflammatory neuropathies is not yet well established and, although there may be a role for immunotherapy, larger studies are warranted.
Resection of Mixed Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is a biphenotypic liver cancer thought to have unfavorable tumor biology and a poor prognosis. Surgical outcomes of HCC-CC remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of HCC-CC. We analyzed a series of patients undergoing resection for HCC-CC (n = 47), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 468), and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC; n = 108) at a single Western center between 2001 and 2015. Patients with HCC-CC were matched to patients with HCC and ICC on important clinical factors including tumor characteristics (size, vascular invasion, and differentiation) and underlying cirrhosis. Patients with HCC-CC had rates of viral hepatitis comparable to patients with HCC (78.7% versus 80.0%), and 42.5% had underlying cirrhosis. When matched on tumor size, HCC-CC was more poorly differentiated than HCC (68.3% versus 27.3%; P < 0.001) and ICC (68.3% versus 34.8%; P = 0.01) but had similar postresection survival (5-year survival: HCC-CC 49.7%, HCC 54.8%, ICC 68.7%; P = 0.61) and recurrence (3-year recurrence: HCC-CC 57.9%, HCC 61.5%, and ICC 56%; P = 0.58). Outcomes were similar between HCC-CC and HCC when matched on underlying cirrhosis and tumor size. Cancer type was not predictive of survival or tumor recurrence. Survival after resection of HCC-CC is similar to HCC when matched for tumor size, despite HCC-CC tumors being more poorly differentiated. Exclusion of HCC-CC from management strategies recommended for HCC, including consideration for liver transplantation, may not be warranted.
The Implementation Chasm Hindering Genome-informed Health Care:

The promises of precision medicine are often heralded in the medical and lay literature, but routine integration of genomics in clinical practice is still limited. While the "last mile' infrastructure to bring genomics to the bedside has been demonstrated in some healthcare settings, a number of challenges remain - both in the receptivity of today's health system and in its technical and educational readiness to respond to this evolution in care. To improve the impact of genomics on health and disease management, we will need to integrate both new knowledge and new care processes into existing workflows. This change will be onerous and time-consuming, but hopefully valuable to the provision of high quality, economically feasible care worldwide.
Hopefulness of 'Hope'

'Hope’ by Dr Kushboo Sheth is a profound and moving depiction of the inner life of a rheumatologist confronting the COVID-19 viral pandemic. The feelings that Sheth describes are as varied as they are powerful and range from fear to rage to distress. Burdened by the weight of these feelings, she vows to adapt, persevere and trudge onward. Most of all, she strives to get beyond the pandemic, aspiring to be a better person whatever battering and damage may come along the way. The feelings that Sheth describes are inescapable at this time given the upheaval that the pandemic has caused in all aspects of life. Vulnerability is universal. Anyone can infect me and I can infect anyone. Those who can infect and be infected are the same: families, friends, patients, the checkout clerk at the grocery, a random passerby walking too close to you on the sidewalk. In this calculus, infection is a matter of bad luck or, to use a word that has fallen out of fashion, fate. Even if infection does not lead to hospitalisation, it can lead to confinement at home, an isolation tantamount to imprisonment. What I find striking about ‘Hope’ is not the range and depth of Sheth’s feelings but rather the identity of the person who is experiencing them. Sheth is a physician. Physicians by training should be accustomed …
Maternal and neonatal service delivery by traditional birth attendants in rural Benin: A case for integration?

The Republic of Benin faces high maternal, newborn and child (MNCH) morbidity and mortality. Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) continue to operate on the margins of the health system yet provide ...
Incidence and Presentation of Sarcoidosis With and Without HIV Infection.

Background Case reports describe incident sarcoidosis in persons with HIV (PWH). The association between HIV and risk of sarcoidosis, and differences in presentation in PWH, have not been systematically assessed. Methods Subjects were selected from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), a longitudinal cohort study including veterans with HIV and matched uninfected veterans. This was a prospective observational analysis in which we evaluated both the incidence (via incidence rate ratio) and presentation and treatment (by comparison of rates of organ involvement and use of medications) of sarcoidosis in PWH compared with HIV-negative controls. We also assessed risk factors (via Cox regression) associated with the development of sarcoidosis including CD4 count and viral load trajectory. Results Of 1614 patients evaluated via chart review, 875 (54%) had prevalent sarcoidosis and 325 (20%) had confirmed incident sarcoidosis. Incident sarcoidosis occurred in 59 PWH and 266 uninfected. The incidence of sarcoidosis was lower in PWH than uninfected (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46-0.81) and especially low in patients with unsuppressed viremia (IRR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08) compared with uninfected). At diagnosis of sarcoidosis, the median CD4 count among PWH was 409 cells/mm3; 77% had HIV-1 RNA <500 copies/mL. No significant differences were observed between PWH and uninfected in terms of organ involvement, disease severity, or use of oral glucocorticoids. Conclusions HIV, particularly with persistent viremia, was associated with decreased risk of incident sarcoidosis; severity and treatment were similar between PWH and uninfected.
The 1.66 μm spectrum of the ethynyl radical, CCH

Abstract Frequency-modulated diode laser transient absorption spectra of the ethynyl radical have been recorded at wavelengths close to 1.66 μ m. The observed spectrum includes strong, regular, line patterns. The two main bands observed originate in the ground X 2 Σ + state and its first excited bending vibrational level of 2 Π symmetry. The upper states, of 2 Σ + symmetry at 6055.6 cm−1 and 2 Π symmetry at 6413.5 cm−1, respectively, had not previously been observed and the data were analyzed in terms of an effective Hamiltonian representing their rotational and fine structure levels to derive parameters which can be used to calculate rotational levels up to J = 37/2 for the 2 Π level and J = 29/2 for the 2 Σ one. Additionally, a weaker series of lines have been assigned to absorption from the second excited bending, (0 2 0), level of 2 Σ symmetry, to a previously observed state of 2 Π symmetry near 6819 cm−1. These strong absorption bands at convenient near-IR laser wavelengths will be useful for monitoring CCH radicals in chemical systems.
Exploring Stakeholder and Parent Perspectives of a County Response to Adolescent Vaping and E-Cigarette Use:

In the United States, regular cigarette use has steadily declined over the years; however, it has been met with an increase in vaping and e-cigarette use. In Tampa, Florida, this trend has been fou...
Gene and protein expression in human megakaryocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Background There is interest in deriving megakaryocytes (MKs) from pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for biological studies. We previously found that genomic structural integrity and genotype concordance is maintained in iPSC-derived MKs. Objective To establish a comprehensive dataset of genes and proteins expressed in iPSC-derived MKs. Methods iPSCs were reprogrammed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) and MKs were derived from the iPSCs in 194 healthy European American and African American subjects. mRNA was isolated and gene expression measured by RNA sequencing. Protein expression was measured in 62 of the subjects using mass spectrometry. Results and conclusions MKs expressed genes and proteins known to be important in MK and platelet function and demonstrated good agreement with previous studies in human MKs derived from CD34+ progenitor cells. The percent of cells expressing the MK markers CD41 and CD42a was consistent in biological replicates, but variable across subjects, suggesting that unidentified subject-specific factors determine differentiation of MKs from iPSCs. Gene and protein sets important in platelet function were associated with increasing expression of CD41/42a, while those related to more basic cellular functions were associated with lower CD41/42a expression. There was differential gene expression by the sex and race (but not age) of the subject. Numerous genes and proteins were highly expressed in MKs but not known to play a role in MK or platelet function; these represent excellent candidates for future study of hematopoiesis, platelet formation, and/or platelet function.
Association of Multimorbidity on Healthcare Expenditures Among Older United States Adults With Pain

Objectives: This cross-sectional study compared the healthcare expenditures associated with multimorbidity (having ≥2 chronic conditions) versus no multimorbidity among older United States (US) adu...
A comprehensive review of DC fault protection methods in HVDC transmission systems

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is an economical option for transmitting a large amount of power over long distances. Initially, HVDC was developed using thyristor-based current source converters (CSC). With the development of semiconductor devices, a voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC system was introduced, and has been widely applied to integrate large-scale renewables and network interconnection. However, the VSC-based HVDC system is vulnerable to DC faults and its protection becomes ever more important with the fast growth in number of installations. In this paper, detailed characteristics of DC faults in the VSC-HVDC system are presented. The DC fault current has a large peak and steady values within a few milliseconds and thus high-speed fault detection and isolation methods are required in an HVDC grid. Therefore, development of the protection scheme for a multi-terminal VSC-based HVDC system is challenging. Various methods have been developed and this paper presents a comprehensive review of the different techniques for DC fault detection, location and isolation in both CSC and VSC-based HVDC transmission systems in two-terminal and multi-terminal network configurations.
National Veterinary Services Roles and Responsibilities in Preparing for and Responding to Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies

National Veterinary Services have a wide range of regulatory and operational responsibilities as directed by their respective countries including: animal health, animal welfare, food safety, zoonotic disease surveillance and control, import and export regulations, trade in livestock and livestock products, disaster management, and other functional areas. These services can utilize numerous guidelines and standards to prepare for and respond to nuclear and radiologic events. In addition to their national and regional guidelines, there are resources developed by the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency, United Nations Food and Agriculture Agency, the World Organization for Animal Health and other entities to support disaster risk reduction, preparedness and response. National Veterinary Services can utilitze all these resources to effectively and effeciently respond to nuclear and radiological emergencies.
Adaptive normalization for IPW estimation

Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is a general tool in survey sampling and causal inference, used both in Horvitz-Thompson estimators, which normalize by the sample size, and Hajek/self-normalized estimators, which normalize by the sum of the inverse probability weights. In this work we study a family of IPW estimators, first proposed by Trotter and Tukey in the context of Monte Carlo problems, that are normalized by an affine combination of these two terms. We show how selecting an estimator from this family in a data-dependent way to minimize asymptotic variance leads to an iterative procedure that converges to an estimator with connections to regression control methods. We refer to this estimator as an adaptively normalized estimator. For mean estimation in survey sampling, this estimator has asymptotic variance that is never worse than the Horvitz--Thompson or Hajek estimators, and is smaller except in edge cases. Going further, we show that adaptive normalization can be used to propose improvements of the augmented IPW (AIPW) estimator, average treatment effect (ATE) estimators, and policy learning objectives. Appealingly, these proposals preserve both the asymptotic efficiency of AIPW and the regret bounds for policy learning with IPW objectives, and deliver consistent finite sample improvements in simulations for all three of mean estimation, ATE estimation, and policy learning.
Perceptions, Resentment, Economic Distress, and Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe

Research has demonstrated that resentful emotions toward the politics and perceptions of being culturally and economically threatened by immigration increase support for populist parties in some European countries, and that macro-level economic conditions engender those perceptions and emotions and increase populist support. This article reveals that household-level economic conditions also affect perceptions of cultural and economic threat by immigrants. Low- and middle-income populations are more vulnerable to suffer economic distress due to macro-level factors such as import shock, which can increase their resentment toward democracy, and their perceptions that immigration is a cultural and economic threat, therefore increasing the likelihood to vote for populist parties. A mediation analysis using the European Social Survey data from 2002 to 2018 provides evidence for the argument.
Reprogramming the neuroblastoma epigenome with a mitochondrial uncoupler

Dysregulated DNA methylation is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients, promoting tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) reduce DNA methylation and promote cancer cell differentiation, with two DNMTi already approved for cancer treatment. However, these drugs rely on cell division to dilute existing methylation, thus the demethylation effects are achieved in a passive manner, limiting their application in slow-proliferating tumor cells. In this study we use a mitochondrial uncoupler, niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN), to actively achieve global DNA demethylation. NEN treatment promotes DNA demethylation by activating electron transport chain (ETC) to produce α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a substrate for the DNA demethylase TET. In addition, NEN inhibits reductive carboxylation, a key metabolic pathway to support growth of cancer cells with defective mitochondria or under hypoxia. Importantly, NEN treatment reduces 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) generation and blocks DNA hypermethylation under hypoxia. Together, these metabolic reprogramming effects of NEN actively alter the global DNA methylation landscape and promote neuroblastoma differentiation. These results not only support Warburg9s original hypothesis that inhibition of ETC causes cell de-differentiation and tumorigenesis, but also suggest that mitochondrial uncoupling is an effective metabolic and epigenetic intervention that remodels the tumor epigenome for better prognosis.
Development and internal validation of an in vitro-in vivo correlation for a hydrophilic metoprolol tartrate extended release tablet formulation.

Purpose. To develop and validate internally an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for a hydrophilic matrix extended release metoprolol tablet.
Infectious Posterior Scleritis Caused by Pseudallescheria boydii: Clinicopathologic Findings

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe an unusual case of infectious posterior scleritis after excision of a pterygium. Methods: The case history of a patient in whom anterior and posterior scleritis developed after excision of a pterygium is reviewed. Histopathologic findings are presented. Results: Pathologic examination results of a scleral biopsy site and the eye showed extensive involvement of the posterior sclera with fungi that on culture grew Pseudallescheria boydii. The development of posterior scleral thickening and intrascleral abscesses gave the clinical impression of autoimmune posterior scleritis or possible tumor. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan of the eye and orbit proved particularly helpful in following progression of scleral involvement. Conclusions: Pseudallescheria boydii is capable of causing an infectious posterior scleritis, which can mimic autoimmune posterior scleritis. The use of systemic immunosuppressive agents contributed to this unusual clinical presentation. Progression of posterior scleritis in the face of apparent adequate immunosuppressive therapy always should suggest the possibility of tumor or infection.
Efficacy of amelogenin-chitosan hydrogel in biomimetic repair of human enamel in pH-cycling systems

Amelogenin-chitosan (CS-AMEL) hydrogel has shown great potential for the prevention, restoration, and treatment of defective enamel. As a step prior to clinical trials, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of CS-AMEL hydrogel in biomimetic repair of human enamel with erosive or caries-like lesions in pH-cycling systems. Two models for enamel defects, erosion and early caries, were addressed in this study. Two pH-cycling systems were designed to simulate the daily cariogenic challenge as well as the nocturnal pH conditions in the oral cavity. After pH cycling and treatment with CS-AMEL hydrogel, a synthetic layer composed of oriented apatite crystals was formed on the eroded enamel surface. CS-AMEL repaired the artificial incipient caries by re-growing oriented crystals and reducing the depth of the lesions by up to 70% in the pH-cycling systems. The results clearly demonstrate that the CS-AMEL hydrogel is effective at the restoration of erosive and carious lesions under pH-cycling conditions.
Broadening the Use of Holland's Hexagon with Specific Implications for Career Counselors.

This article offers a new mapping procedure—used in conjunction with Holland's (1985) hexagon—to help clients identify and explore occupational alternatives.
Evidence for the movement of fluid, macromolecules and ions from the brain extracellular space to the CSF

Summary This report examines the effect of decreasing serum osmolality on movement into the ventricular system of fluid and of test material injected into the brain. Trace quantities of22NaCl and125I-labeled cat serum albumin (CSA) were injected into cerebral white matter of cats. The rates of cerebrospinal fluid volume flow, and appearance of22Na and125I-CSA were measured in the effluent fluid using ventriculocisternal perfusion before and while serum osmolality was acutely decreased by the intravenous infusion of a 60 mOsm sucrose solution. As compared to the control period, at the end of the infusion serum osmolality decreased from321 ± 4.2 mOsm to283 ± 4.0 mOsm and CSF volume flow increased from21.8 ± 2.3 μl/min to54.9 ±4.1 μl/rin (means±S.E.). The slope of the regression line describing22Na influx went from 1.04 to 1.79, while for125I the slope went from 0 to 1.38. These results suggest that a common pathway may exist for the movement, through the brain and into the ventricular system, of water, ions and large molecules.
Radiation from violently accelerated bodies

A determination is made of the radiation emitted by a linearly uniformly accelerated uncharged dipole transmitter. It is found that, first of all, the radiation rate is given by the familiar Larmor formula, but it is augmented by an amount which becomes dominant for sufficiently high acceleration. For an accelerated dipole oscillator, the criterion is that the center of mass motion become relativistic within one oscillation period. The augmented formula and the measurements which it summarizes presuppose an expanding inertial observation frame. A static inertial reference frame will not do. Secondly, it is found that the radiation measured in the expanding inertial frame is received with $100%$ fidelity. There is no blueshift or redshift due to the accelerative motion of the transmitter. Finally, it is found that a pair of coherently radiating oscillators accelerating (into opposite directions) in their respective causally disjoint Rindler-coordinatized sectors produces an interference pattern in the expanding inertial frame. Like the pattern of a Young double slit interferometer, this Rindler interferometer pattern has a fringe spacing which is inversely proportional to the proper separation and the proper frequency of the accelerated sources. The interferometer, as well as the augmented Larmor formula, provide a unifying perspective. It joins adjacent Rindler-coordinatized neighborhoods into a single spacetime arena for scattering and radiation from accelerated bodies.
Formation and recognition of new states: Somaliland in contrast to Eritrea

‘Somaliland’ has reasserted the separate existence it had as the colony of British Somaliland before independence and union with the former Italian Somalia in 1960. It has avoided the the devastation of warlordism that has afflicted the rest of Somalia through compromise politics between clan elders. However, its de factostatehood since 1991 has not received the international recognition accorded Eritrea in 1993. The experiences of Somaliland and Eritrea in the circumstances of their post‐colonial union with other entities, in their liberation movements and in their current politics are contrasted. It is suggested that there can be mutual learning from Somaliland's consociational, ethnic democracy and Eritrea's ‘radical social democracy’, of an eventual, orchestrated multi‐partism that eschews ethnic and religious divides.
Update on genetics and pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases: the last 2 years

Autoinflammatory diseases are a genetically heterogeneous group of rheumatologic diseases that are driven by abnormal activation of the innate immune system. Patients present with recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation and a spectrum of organ-specific comorbidities. These diseases are mediated by the overproduction of various inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-18, IL-6, TNFα, and type I interferon. Treatments with biologic agents that inhibit these cytokines have been very efficient in most patients. During the past 2 years, remarkable progress has been made in the identification of disease-associated genes owing mostly to new technologies. Next generation sequencing technologies (NGS) have become instrumental in finding single-gene defects in undiagnosed patients with early onset symptoms. NGS has advanced the field of autoinflammation by identifying disease-causing genes that point to pathways not known to regulate cytokine signaling or inflammation. They include a protein that has a role in differentiation of myeloid cells, a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyzes the addition of the CCA terminus to the 3-prime end of tRNA precursors, and an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a broad range of substrates. Lastly, newly described mutations have informed a whole new dimension on genotype-phenotype relationships. Mutations in the same gene can give rise to a range of phenotypes with a common inflammatory component. This suggests greater than anticipated contributions by modifying alleles and environmental factors to disease expressivity.
Charge Transport in a Mixed Ionically/Electronically Conducting, Cationic, Polyacetylene Ionomer between Ion-Blocking Electrodes

The electrical behavior of the cationic, polyacetylene-based, conjugated ionomer, poly[(2-cyclooctatetraenylethyl)trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate], sandwiched between gold electrodes is reported. The steady-state current of this mixed ionically/electronically conducting system is assigned to be unipolar diffusive hole transport for voltages below approximately 1.4 V, giving way to bipolar migratory transport above approximately 1.4 V. In the low-voltage regime, a non-Faradaically controlled doping model is proposed where p-doping at the anode is balanced by the charging of an ionic double layer at the cathode. In the high-voltage regime, n- and p-type regions extend from the electrodes as the voltage becomes sufficient to drive disproportionation and the electric field required by the redistribution of ions begins to substantially influence carrier transport. The assignment of a transport mechanism is primarily based on analyzing the decay of the steady-state system under short-circuit and open-circuit conditions. First, it is shown that the power describing the power-law decay of the short-circuit current is characteristic of the steady-state carrier profile. Second, it is argued that a component of the time-dependent, open-circuit voltage decaying more rapidly than the time scale for ion motion is indicative of a substantial migratory component to steady-state transport, as observed in the high-voltage regime. The hole and electron mobilities are estimated to be on the order of 10(-7)-10(-6) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).
Amphitrite ornata, a Marine Worm, Contains Two Dehaloperoxidase Genes

Amphitrite ornata, a terebellid polychaete, inhabits marine environments that are contaminated by biogenically produced halometabolites. These halogenated organic compounds are toxic and quite diverse. To survive in this environment, A. ornata produces a novel dehaloperoxidase (DHP I) that detoxifies haloaromatic compounds. In this study we identified and characterized two dehaloperoxidase genes, designated dhpA and dhpB, from an A. ornata complementary DNA library. The deduced amino acid sequences (DHP A and DHP B) of the two dhp genes both contain 137 amino acid residues, but they differ at 5 amino acid positions. Allelic variation was observed for both genes as well. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays of genomic DNA from 19 in individuals showed that each individual contains both the dhpA and the dhpB genes. Therefore, the two types of DHP are encoded by separate genes and are not alleles of a single gene. Furthermore, DHP A and DHP B may have different substrate specificities since they have amino acid differences in the active site.
Growth characteristics of influenza virus type C in avian hosts

Influenza virus type C could be propagated to high yield in primary chick embryo kidney cell culture (PCEK) provided that trypsin (2 µg/ml) was used as a medium supplement. The virus could also be titrated by plaque assay using PCEK host cells and influenza C virus that had been plaque-purified in PCEK cells could then be serially passaged to high titer using the allantoic route of 10–11-day-old embryonated eggs.
Radical hysterectomy: a randomized study comparing two techniques for resection of the cardinal ligament.

Abstract To compare two different surgical techniques for the resection of the cardinal ligaments during radical operation for cervical cancer, 84 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (FIGO stages IB-HA ⩾4 cm, HB-III) primarily treated with chemotherapy and then eligible for radical surgery underwent radical hysterectomy. Lateral parametria were resected by using the Meigs technique or a modified Magara technique. The procedure to be performed on the right hand side was randomly chosen, consequently the left cardinal ligament was resected with the other technique. Evaluation of the first 35 cases showed that the median size of the parametria resected with the modified Magara technique (52 mm) was significantly greater than that removed with the Meigs technique (34 mm) ( P 4 cm, HB and III, respectively. The study showed that the modified Magara technique is feasible and safe and allows for a more radical resection of the parametrial tissue. Furthermore, this approach seems to improve the local control of disease.