cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Variational Inequalities with Multivalued Perturbing Terms Depending on Gradients

In this paper, we study variational inequalities of the form $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \langle {\mathcal {A}}(u), v-u \rangle + \langle {{\mathcal {F}}}(u), v-u \rangle + J(v) - J(u) \ge 0,\quad \forall v\in X \\ u\in X, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$ where \({\mathcal {A}}\) and \({{\mathcal {F}}}\) are multivalued operators represented by integrals, J is a convex functional, and X is a Sobolev space of variable exponent. The principal term \({\mathcal {A}}\) is a multivalued operator of Leray–Lions type. We concentrate on the case where \({{\mathcal {F}}}\) is given by a multivalued function \(f = f(x,u,\nabla u)\) that depends also on the gradient \(\nabla u\) of the unknown function. Existence of solutions in coercive and noncoercive cases are considered. In the noncoercive case, we follow a sub-supersolution approach and prove the existence of solutions of the above inequality under a multivalued Bernstein–Nagumo type condition.
Inhibition of EGF-like ligand activity disrupts the MAPK-driven EGFR autocrine loop affecting survival and proliferation of lung cancer cell lines

B42 Lung cancer cell lines sensitive to inhibition by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) demonstrate sensitivity to inhibitors of MAP kinase (MEK1). Inhibition of MAP kinase activity results in decreased expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands. Thus, lung cancers might employ overexpression of EGFR and/or constitutive expression of EGF-like ligands, such as transforming growth factor α (TGFα), heparin-binding EGF-like ligand (HB-EGF), or EGF, to achieve survival and proliferation. TGFα and HB-EGF are both highly- and constitutively-expressed in lung cancer cell lines sensitive to chemical inhibitors of the EGFR and MAPK cascades. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of EGFR ligand production and/or activity disrupts the EGFR autocrine loop and may circumvent resistance to EGFR TKI in non-small cell lung cancers, regardless of mutational status of EGFR. Cell lines sensitive to inhibitors of either EGFR or MAPK demonstrate a reduction in expression of the EGF-like ligands prior to induction of cell death. We have explored inhibition of activity of EGF-like ligands by RNAi toward TGFα and HB-EGF and blocking EGFR with antibody in lung cancer cell lines. Here we report the effect on EGFR receptor dimerization, activity of downstream signaling cascades, and cell survival. Not only could these findings identify new therapeutic strategies for treatment of epithelial malignancies, , but monitoring intra-tumoral expression and secretion of EGFR ligands could be a mechanism to identify patients who will demonstrate benefit from EGFR and or MAPK pathway inhibition.
Optimization of conductive fluids for liquid metals in THz devices

We characterize the THz properties of liquid metals in conductive fluids. These results will inform the design of future reconfigurable THz signal processing components based on liquid metals incorporated into waveguides.
Intereye concordance in locations of visual field defects in primary open-angle glaucoma: diagnostic innovations in glaucoma study

Purpose To determine the overlap in defective visual field locations between the right and left eyes of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Design Cross-sectional retrospective analysis of data from a prospectively designed longitudinal study. Participants Patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy in at least 1 eye and 2 consecutive reliable standard automated perimetry fields within 15 months were included, yielding 468 eyes of 234 patients. Methods Concordance in defective visual field locations between right and left eyes were calculated as the number of overlapping locations divided by the total number of defective locations (intereye concordance ratio). Concordance ratios also were calculated within an eye over time (intraeye concordance ratio) and between unmatched pairs of fields (unmatched concordance ratio). Results Intereye concordance (0.24±0.02) was significantly smaller than intraeye concordance (0.37±0.02) and significantly larger than unmatched concordance (0.14±0.01). There was a significant interaction between concordance type and defect size, such that there was no difference in concordance ratios for defects of fewer than 8 locations, and the difference between intereye concordance versus intraeye concordance and unmatched concordance ratios increased with larger defect sizes. Conclusions A spatial relationship exists between defective locations of an individual's eyes. Future studies will show whether information about the spatial relationship is useful to guide the modification of visual field test locations to improve detection of loss and perhaps also progression.
DYNAMIC PRE-FETCHING OF VIEWS BASED ON USER-ACCESS PATTERNS IN AN OLAP SYSTEM

Materialized view selection plays an important role in improving the efficiency of an OLAP system. To meet the changing user needs, many dynamic approaches have been proposed for solving the view selection problem. Most of these approaches use some form of caching to store frequently accessed views and a replacement policy to replace the infrequent ones. While some of these approaches use on-demand fetching, where the view is computed only when it is asked, a few others have used a pre-fetching strategy, where certain additional information is used to pre-fetch views that are likely to be accessed in the near future. In this paper, we propose a global pre-fetching scheme that uses user access pattern information to pre-fetch certain candidate views that could be used for efficient query processing within the specified user context. For specific kinds of query patterns, called drill-down analysis, which is typical of an OLAP system, our approach significantly improves the query performance by pre-fetching drill-down candidates that otherwise would have to be computed from the base fact table. We compare our approach against dynamat; a wellknown on-demand fetching based dynamic view management system that is already known to outperform optimal static view selection. The comparison is based on the detailed cost savings ratio, used for quantifying the benefits of view selection against incoming queries. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms dynamat and thus, also the optimal static view selection.
Search for Oxidation-Resistant Alloys of Molybdenum

In an effort to find an oxidation-resistant alloy of molybdenum, binary and ternary alloys containing aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel, silicon, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium were screened. Fourteen other alloying additions were also tested. Many of the alloys were more oxidation-resistant than molybdenum, but none were entirely satisfactory.
Home care for the child with cancer.

The purpose of our study, “Home Care for the Child with Cancer”, was to examine the feasibility and desirability of a home care alternative to hospitalization for children dying of cancer. Home care was defined as “the delivery of services, nurse-directed with physicians and other health care professionals as consultants, to enable parents to give comfort and care as required by a child at the end stage of life.”
Helicopter pilot back pain: a preliminary study.

Because of the high prevalence of back pain experienced by U.S. Army helicopter pilots, a study was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of reproducing these symptoms in the laboratory. A mock-up of a UH-1H seat and control configuration was mounted to a multi-axis vibration simulator (MAVS). Eleven subjects were tested on the apparatus for two 120-min periods. During one period, the MAVS was programmed to reproduce vibrations recorded from a UH-1H in cruise flight. The subjects received no vibration during the other test period. All subjects reported back pain which they described as identical to the pain they experience during flight, during one or more of their test periods. There was no statistical difference between the vibration and nonvibration test conditions (p greater than 0.05) in terms of time of onset of pain or intensity of pain as measured by a visual analog scale. It appears the vibration at the frequencies and amplitudes tested plays little or no role in the etiology of the back symptoms reported by these pilots. It is proposed that the primary etiological factor for these symptoms is the poor posture pilots are obliged to assume for extended periods while operating helicopters.
STREAMS DO WORK: MEASURING THE WORK OF LOW-ORDER STREAMS ON THE LANDSCAPE USING POINT CLOUDS

Abstract. The mutable nature of low-order streams makes regular updating of surface water maps necessary for accurate representation. Low-order streams make up roughly half the streams in the conterminous United States by length, and small inaccuracies in stream head location can result in significant error in stream reach, order, and density. Reliable maps of stream features are vital for hydrologic modeling, ecosystem research, and boundary monitoring. High resolution digital elevation models derived from lidar data have shown promise in low order stream modeling yet forested high relief landscapes and low relief agricultural areas remain challenging. Here we present early results from research analyzing lidar point clouds to identify features and patterns that may be used in low-order stream identification and classification in challenging geographic conditions. This work has identified characteristics derived from point clouds that correlate with the presence of streams and stream heads and show promise for mapping small streams. In low topographic relief agricultural areas, cross sections collected at regular intervals along drainage channels extracted as 3D lines show a significant jump in value and variance of profile curvature standard deviation at stream heads. In high relief areas, observations show potential for stream mapping by identifying trends in riparian zone structure. Lidar return point density from riparian vegetation under 30 feet tall dips in the vicinity of intermittent stream heads. Also seen is an increase in point density above 60 feet downstream of stream heads. The trends found here likely reflect a change in vegetation structure relative to the presence of streams.
Fertility Transition: Middle East and North Africa

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by H.M. Yousif, volume 8, 5588–5593, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Impact of SLCO1B3 polymorphisms on clinical outcomes in lung allograft recipients receiving mycophenolic acid.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in mycophenolic acid (MPA) metabolism have been shown to contribute to variable MPA exposure, but their clinical effects are unclear. We aimed to determine if SNPs in key genes in MPA metabolism affect outcomes after lung transplantation. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 275 lung transplant recipients, 228 receiving mycophenolic acid and a control group of 47 receiving azathioprine. Six SNPs known to regulate MPA exposure from the SLCO, UGT and MRP2 families were genotyped. Primary outcome was 1-year survival. Secondary outcomes were 3-year survival, nonminimal (≥A2 or B2) acute rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Statistical analyses included time-to-event Kaplan–Meier with log-rank test and Cox regression modeling. We found that SLCO1B3 SNPs rs4149117 and rs7311358 were associated with decreased 1-year survival [rs7311358 HR 7.76 (1.37–44.04), p = 0.021; rs4149117 HR 7.28 (1.27–41.78), p = 0.026], increased risk for nonminimal acute rejection [rs4149117 TT334/T334G: OR 2.01 (1.06–3.81), p = 0.031; rs7311358 GG699/G699A: OR 2.18 (1.13–4.21) p = 0.019] and lower survival through 3 years for MPA patients but not for azathioprine patients. MPA carriers of either SLCO1B3 SNP had shorter survival after CLAD diagnosis (rs4149117 p = 0.048, rs7311358 p = 0.023). For the MPA patients, Cox regression modeling demonstrated that both SNPs remained independent risk factors for death. We conclude that hypofunctional SNPs in the SLCO1B3 gene are associated with an increased risk for acute rejection and allograft failure in lung transplant recipients treated with MPA.
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a versatile patient-derived xenograft (PDX) platform for precision medicine and preclinical research.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are an increasingly valuable tool in oncology, providing biologically faithful models of many different cancer types, and potential platforms for the development of precision oncology approaches. However, PDX have primarily been established in immunodeficient rodent models, with accompanying cost and efficiency constraints that pose barriers to more widespread adoption. The chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an alternative in vivo PDX model. We provide here a comprehensive review of studies that grafted primary human tissue, as opposed to cell lines, onto the CAM. Twenty publications met our criteria of having inoculated patient-derived tumor tissue onto the CAM. Successful engraftment has been reported for over a dozen tumor subtypes, supporting the appropriateness of the CAM as a PDX platform. Resemblance of xenografts to the original patient tumor, increased vascularity of the CAM following engraftment, and micrometastasis into the chick mesenchyme were frequently reported. Application of standard or experimental cancer therapies to xenografts has also been undertaken, with the discovery of both synergistic drug effects and positive associations between the assay and clinical outcome. The CAM provides opportunities for RNA and DNA based sequencing of patient tumors, and the ability to efficiently (in 5-10 days) test multiple targeted therapies on fragments derived from the same tumor. While routine use of the CAM-based PDX model would benefit from a more-complete understanding of the stromal environment of CAM xenografts and interaction with the developing avian immune system, current literature supports the model’s potential as an efficient, scalable precision medicine platform.
Explicit Block-Structures for Block-Symmetric Fiedler-like pencils

In the last decade, there has been a continued effort to produce families of strong linearizations of a matrix polynomial $P(\lambda)$, regular and singular, with good properties, such as, being companion forms, allowing the recovery of eigenvectors of a regular $P(\lambda)$ in an easy way, allowing the computation of the minimal indices of a singular $P(\lambda)$ in an easy way, etc. As a consequence of this research, families such as the family of Fiedler pencils, the family of generalized Fiedler pencils (GFP), the family of Fiedler pencils with repetition, and the family of generalized Fiedler pencils with repetition (GFPR) were constructed. In particular, one of the goals was to find in these families structured linearizations of structured matrix polynomials. For example, if a matrix polynomial $P(\lambda)$ is symmetric (Hermitian), it is convenient to use linearizations of $P(\lambda)$ that are also symmetric (Hermitian). Both the family of GFP and the family of GFPR contain block-symmetric linearizations of $P(\lambda)$, which are symmetric (Hermitian) when $P(\lambda)$ is. Now the objective is to determine which of those structured linearizations have the best numerical properties. The main obstacle for this study is the fact that these pencils are defined implicitly as products of so-called elementary matrices. Recent papers in the literature had as a goal to provide an explicit block-structure for the pencils belonging to the family of Fiedler pencils and any of its further generalizations to solve this problem. In particular, it was shown that all GFP and GFPR, after permuting some block-rows and block-columns, belong to the family of extended block Kronecker pencils, which are defined explicitly in terms of their block-structure. Unfortunately, those permutations that transform a GFP or a GFPR into an extended block Kronecker pencil do not preserve the block-symmetric structure. Thus, in this paper, the family of block-minimal bases pencils, which is closely related to the family of extended block Kronecker pencils, and whose pencils are also defined in terms of their block-structure, is considered as a source of canonical forms for block-symmetric pencils. More precisely, four families of block-symmetric pencils which, under some generic nonsingularity conditions are block minimal bases pencils and strong linearizations of a matrix polynomial, are presented. It is shown that the block-symmetric GFP and GFPR, after some row and column permutations, belong to the union of these four families. Furthermore, it is shown that, when $P(\lambda)$ is a complex matrix polynomial, any block-symmetric GFP and GFPR is permutationally congruent to a pencil in some of these four families. Hence, these four families of pencils provide an alternative but explicit approach to the block-symmetric Fiedler-like pencils existing in the literature.
Establishing typical values for hemocyte mortality in individual California mussels, Mytilus californianus.

Abstract Hemocytes are immune cells in the hemolymph of invertebrates that play multiple roles in response to stressors; hemocyte mortality can thus serve as an indicator of overall animal health. However, previous research has often analyzed hemolymph samples pooled from several individuals, which precludes tracking individual responses to stressors over time. The ability to track individuals is important, however, because large inter-individual variation in response to stressors can confound the interpretation of pooled samples. Here, we describe protocols for analysis of inter- and intra-individual variability in hemocyte mortality across repeated hemolymph samples of California mussels, Mytilus californianus, free from typical abiotic stressors. To assess individual variability in hemocyte mortality with serial sampling, we created four groups of 15 mussels each that were repeatedly sampled four times: at baseline (time zero) and three subsequent times separated by either 24, 48, 72, or 168 h. Hemocyte mortality was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells stained with propidium iodide. Our study demonstrates that hemolymph can be repeatedly sampled from individual mussels without mortality; however, there is substantial inter- and intra-individual variability in hemocyte mortality through time that is partially dependent on the sampling interval. Across repeated samples, individual mussels' hemocyte mortality had, on average, a range of ~6% and a standard deviation of ~3%, which was minimized with sampling periods ≥72 h apart. Due to this intra-individual variability, obtaining ≥2 samples from a specimen will more accurately establish an individual's baseline. Pooled-sample means were similar to individual-sample means; however, pooled samples masked the individual variation in each group. Overall, these data lay the foundation for future work exploring individual mussels' temporal responses to various stressors on a cellular level.
Book Review of 'The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in a New Era,' by Mike Koehler

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in a New Era, by law professor Mike Koehler, provides a fascinating and thorough analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”). But the book does far more than that; this volume attempts to educate readers in such a manner that they understand not only the motivation and thought processes behind the initial passage of the Act, but also the ongoing policy debates surrounding this important and controversial piece of legislation. While some books on the FCPA appear to target a particular audience, such as academics for example, this volume will prove useful to anyone, in whatever field, who wants to thoroughly understand the past, present, and future of the FCPA, whether that person is engaged in business, law, government, academia, public policy, or any other pursuit or profession.
International Geophysics Series

Publisher Summary This chapter lists the names of the editors of the book Geophysical Field Theory and Method, Part B, Electromagnetic Fields I . These editors include Beno Gutenberg, Joseph W. Chamberlain, S. K. Runcorn, C. E. Junge, Robert G. Fleagle, Joost A. Businger. L. Dufour, R. Defay, H. U. Roll, Richard A. Craig, Willis L. Webb, Michele Caputo, S. Matsushita, Wallace H. Campbell, K. V. A. Kondratyev, E. Palmen, C. W. Newton, and many more people.
The Separation for General Single-Layer Wiring Barriers

The problems of placement and routing in integrated circuit design have been gaining increasing attention as fabrication technology advances. Although a variety of those the problems have been proven to be.NP-hard, progress is being made on restricted versions. Tompa, for example, gives a quadratic solution to a particular single layer routing problem ([T]). This paper gives efficient algorithms for finding the separation and the offset in contexts which include his model.
The Drosophila tom retrotransposon encodes an envelope protein.

Abstract The tom transposable element of Drosophila ananassae is mobilized with high frequency in the germ line of females from the ca; px strain, and its insertion results in mutations that show almost exclusively dominant eye phenotypes. tom is a long terminal repeat-containing retrotransposon that encodes three different open reading frames (ORFs). It is expressed in the nurse cells during oogenesis, in the central and peripheral nervous systems during embryonic development, and in the imaginal discs of the larva. tom RNA accumulates in the germarium of ovaries from ca; px females but not in the parental inactive strain, suggesting that this altered pattern of tom expression might be the cause of the high rate of mobilization of this retrotransposon. The specificity of tom-induced eye phenotypes can be explained by the presence of regulatory sequences responsible for expression of tom in the eye imaginal discs of third-instar larvae. These sequences might cause overexpression of adjacent genes affected by tom-induced mutations, resulting in the death of undifferentiated cells located anterior to the morphogenetic furrow. In addition to the full-length RNA, tom is also transcribed into a spliced subgenomic transcript that encodes a protein resulting from the fusion between the amino-terminal region of the first (gag) and the third ORFs. The protein encoded by this RNA shows structural characteristics such as a signal peptide, glycosylation sites, endopeptidase cleavage site, and fusion peptide that are typical of the envelope proteins of retroviruses. Antibodies against tom ORF3 recognize two different proteins present in female ovaries, suggesting that tom might be able to form infective viral particles that could play a role in the horizontal transmission of this retrotransposon.
Lattice-Boltzmann Simulations of Hydrodynamically Interacting Particles

Lattice-Boltzmann methods are being increasingly used to solve problems in computational fluid dynamics. The combination of robustness and simplicity has made it the method of choice for problems involving fluid flow through geometrically complex structures. Progress in several areas is summarized in a recent review article [1]. In this paper I will focus on applications of the lattice-Boltzmann method to simulations of particle-fluid suspensions. Since the basic principles of the method have already been described [2, 3], the focus of this article will be a review of recent developments and a discussion of some of the fine points that arise in practical applications of the method. In particular I will contrast the accuracy and complexity of different solid-fluid boundary conditions, discuss the application of an external pressure gradient, and describe additional complications arising from particle motion.
Dynamic Stabilization of the Scapula for Serratus Anterior Dysfunction: A Retrospective Study of Functional Outcome and Results

Background: Twenty-six patients (12 male and 14 female) with symptomatic scapular winging caused by serratus anterior dysfunction were managed by split pectoralis major tendon transfer (sternal head) with autogenous hamstring tendon augmentation from 1998 to 2006. Methods: Twenty-five patients showed positive results upon long thoracic nerve palsy on electromyography. The mean duration of symptoms until surgery was 48 months (range, 12–120 months). Four patients had non-traumatic etiologies and 22 patients had traumatic etiologies. On follow-up assessment for functional improvement, a Constant-Murley score was used. Twenty-one patients were completely evaluated, while five patients who had less than 12 months of follow-up were excluded. Results: Pain relief was achieved in 19 of the 21 patients, with 20 patients showing functional improvement. The pain scores improved from 6.0 preoperatively to 1.8 postoperatively. The mean active forward elevation improved from 108o (range, 20°–165°) preoperatively to 151° (range, 125°–170°) postoperatively. The mean Constant-Murley score improved from 57.7 (range, 21–86) preoperatively to 86.9 (range, 42–98) postoperatively. A recurrence developed in one patient. Of the 21 patients, ten had excellent results, six had good results, four had fair results, and one had poor results. Conclusions: Most patients with severe symptomatic scapular winging showed functional improvement and pain relief with resolution of scapular winging.
Relationship between adipose tissue insulin resistance and liver histology in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a pioglitazone versus vitamin E versus placebo for the treatment of nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis trial follow-up study.

The PIVENS (Pioglitazone versus Vitamin E versus Placebo for the Treatment of Nondiabetic Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis [NASH]) trial demonstrated that pioglitazone and vitamin E improved liver histology to varying degrees, but the mechanisms are unknown. We conducted a study to examine the changes in adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) during the PIVENS trial and its relationship to histological endpoints. Adipo-IR (fasting nonesterified fatty acids [NEFAs] × fasting insulin) was calculated at baseline and after 16 and 96 weeks of therapy. Compared to placebo, the baseline Adipo-IR was not different in either the vitamin E group (P = 0.34) or the pioglitazone group (P = 0.29). Baseline Adipo-IR was significantly associated with fibrosis score (P = 0.02), but not with other histological features or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS). After 16 weeks, compared to placebo, the pioglitazone group had a significant reduction in Adipo-IR (−15.7 versus −1.91; P = 0.02), but this effect did not persist at 96 weeks (−3.25 versus −4.28; P = 0.31). Compared to placebo, Adipo-IR in the vitamin E group did not change significantly either after 16 weeks (P = 0.70) or after 96 weeks (P = 0.85). Change in Adipo-IR at week 16 was not associated with changes in any histological parameters at week 96, but improvement in Adipo-IR at week 96 was significantly associated with improvement in ballooning (P = 0.03), fibrosis (P = 0.004), and NAS (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Vitamin E improved liver histology independent of changes in Adipo-IR, and pioglitazone treatment acutely improved Adipo-IR, but this was not sustained. Changes in Adipo-IR were associated with changes in liver histology, including fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
A description of the cephalic lateralis system of Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes) (Clupeomorpha: Engraulidae) with identification of synapomorphies for the Engraulidae

Abstract The engraulid cephalic lateralis system of neuromasts, canals, and bones is represented by expanded canals, anastomosed primary and secondary canal branching patterns on the cheek, canal branching on the opercle and along the pectoral arch, and a foreshortened main trunk canal. The anterior supraorbital canal neuromast in Anchoa mitchilli is elliptical and deep to primary branch 2 with secondary ramifications. Other canal neuromasts are disc-shaped, and are often in pairs or series of three or four. An expanded orbital reticulum, formed by orbital, infraorbital and preoperculomandibular canal branches anastomosed over a dorsal portion of the eye, is present in A. mitchilli, Coilia neglecta, Encrasicholina purpurea, Engraulis encrasicolus, Setipinna tenuifilis, Thryssa baelama, and T. dussumieri. It may be as broadly inclusive in engraulids as a synapomorphy as is the rostral organ. The separate canal branches forming the engraulid orbital reticulum can be grouped as three patterns among nonengrau...
Ordinary perturbation theory applied to nuclear matter

Abstract The average binding energy and equilibrium density of nuclear matter are calculated in the self-consistent independent pair approximation. The potentials of Gammel and Thaler are used. The hard core is replaced by a pseudo-potential, and the potentials are adjusted to give the same low energy scattering data. The pseudo-potential is of the Huang-Yang type, and hence one can use ordinary Raylwigh-Schroedinger perturbation theory, which is then a joint expansion in the strength of the pseudo-potential plus the central potentials plus the tensor force. The first and second order terms in this expansion have been calculated exactly, but have been made self-consistent only in the effective mass approximation, the self-consistency requirement becoming the solution of a quadratic equation for the effective mass. It is found that a simple S-wave pseudo-potential is not sufficient to produce saturation within a density range corresponding to kF = 1 to 2 fm−1. A more exact treatment of the hard core gas by means of a pseudo-potential is available from the work of Martin and de Dominicis. Incorporating their results into our perturbation calculation yields saturation for nuclear matter with a binding energy per particle of about 18 MeV at a density corresponding to kF = 1.4 fm−1. The main results of this paper are not so much the actual binding energy and equilibrium density of nucleat matter, but the results of the various contributions coming from second order perturbation theory, especially the interference terms between the pseudo-potential and the attractive potentials, and interference terms between direct and exchange matrix elements for the attractive central and tensor forces, which have been calculated exactly.
Hydrogenation of ethylene on supported platinum

The rate of hydrogenation of ethylene on PtSiO2 catalysts has been studied between 207 and 371 °K. Referred to unit surface area of the metal, our data are in excellent agreement with those of others on films of evaporated platinum. Contamination of the metal by a poison that desorbs from the support during reduction of the catalyst at about 700 °K could be removed by a short oxidation at 600 °K. When this accidental contamination was taken into account, no beneficial effect resulting from mixing PtSiO2 with η — Al2O3 could be observed in the present work. In particular, there was no evidence in our work for spillover of hydrogen from the metal to the alumina with enhanced rates of hydrogenation of ethylene adsorbed on the alumina.
RB signaling prevents replication-dependent DNA double-strand breaks following genotoxic insult.

Cell cycle checkpoints induced by DNA damage play an integral role in preservation of genomic stability by allowing cells to limit the propagation of deleterious mutations. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is crucial for the maintenance of the DNA damage checkpoint function because it elicits cell cycle arrest in response to a variety of genotoxic stresses. Although sporadic loss of RB is characteristic of most cancers and results in the bypass of the DNA damage checkpoint, the consequence of RB loss upon chemotherapeutic responsiveness has been largely uninvestigated. Here, we employed a conditional knockout approach to ablate RB in adult fibroblasts. This system enabled us to examine the DNA damage response of adult cells following acute RB deletion. Using this system, we demonstrated that loss of RB disrupted the DNA damage checkpoint elicited by either cisplatin or camptothecin exposure. Strikingly, this bypass was not associated with enhanced repair, but rather the accumulation of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) foci, which indicate DNA double-strand breaks. The formation of γH2AX foci was due to ongoing replication following chemotherapeutic treatment in the RB-deficient cells. Additionally, peak γH2AX accumulation occurred in S-phase cells undergoing DNA replication in the presence of damage, and these γH2AX foci co-localized with replication foci. These results demonstrate that acute RB loss abrogates DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest to induce γH2AX foci formation. Thus, secondary genetic lesions induced by RB loss have implications for the chemotherapeutic response and the development of genetic instability.
The BLAST Cherenkov detectors

We report on the design, construction, and operation of a large array of diffusely reflective aerogel Cherenkov detectors. They are part of the detector instrumentation of the Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center. The Cherenkov detectors are used for particle identification. They are able to discriminate between pions and electrons with momenta up to 700 MeV/c.
Relationships between days post partum, observed estrus and uterine microflora in commercial dairy cows.

Abstract This study was conducted to determine relationships between the uterine microflora and reproductive characteristics of dairy cows. Uterine lumina were swabbed during estrus immediately prior to artificial insemination (A I). Swabbings were cultured for bacteria and accessed for cytologic evidence of inflammation. The time of sampling averaged 104 d post partum. Bacteria in the uterus were cultured from 65% of the cows (n = 85). The number of cows with any given microbial genus ranged from 1 to 35 and the number of different genera per cow ranged from 0 to 8. There were on significant correlations between amount and type of uterine microflora, days post partum, numbers of observed estrus, conception rate and uterine inflammation. The number of observed estrus periods was not correlated with the presence of aerobic bacteria. No significant relationships were found between microbes and uterine inflammation or conception to the A.I. service at the time of sampling. A negative correlation between uterine inflammation and conception approached significance (r=−0.24, P > 0.10). Acquisition of uterine lumen samples by the technique utilized had no effect on conception to A I service.
Guidance and control of maneuvering reentry vehicles

Over the past fifteen years, studies and flight tests have brought maneuvering reentry technology to a state of relative maturity. During this period, many vehicle configurations have been investigated and many guidance or steering schemes proposed. This paper is intended to summarize those investigations, few of which have been made available to the technic?al community at large. Three vehicle control configurations (cruciform, bank-to-turn, and fixed trim) and three guidance laws (cross-product, proportional, and tangent cubic) are presented in this paper. Each law is formulated for use with each vehicle configuration. The relative merits and drawbacks of these configurations are discussed.
Self-Assembly and Self-Tiling: Integrating Active Dies Across Length Scales on Flexible Substrates

This paper reports on recent progress in the field of directed self-assembly, wherein discrete inorganic semiconductor device components are assembled on flexible substrates, and compares these results with prior work. The research aims to develop self-assembly-based chiplet assembly processes that can extend minimal die sizes and throughput beyond what is currently possible with robotic pick and place methods. This manuscript concentrates on self-assembly that is driven by the reduction of surface free energy between liquid solder-coated areas on a substrate and metal-coated contacts on semiconductor dies that act as binding sites. Scaling prior results to sub-100 micrometer-sized components has required a transition to a new self-assembly platform. Specifically, recent work has moved from a drum delivery concept to a new scheme that uses a stepwise reduction of interfacial free energy at a triple interface between oil, water, and a penetrating solder-patterned substrate to introduce components. Finally, this paper also discusses design rules to produce highly periodic “self-tiled” domains on rigid, flexible, and curved substrates. We describe discrete, self-tiled, and microconcentrator-augmented solar cell modules as applications that are fault tolerant and reduce the amount of Si material used by up to a factor of 22 when compared to conventional cells.
Stress - Optical behavior of Poly(m-xylylenediamine adipamide) (Nylon MXD6): Influence of molecular weight

Abstract The effect of molecular weight and rubbery state uniaxial stretching conditions on the mechano-optical behavior of Poly( m -xylylenediamine adipamide) (Nylon MXD6) films was investigated using a real time spectral birefringence stretching machine. The stress optical behavior exhibits a multi stage behavior that depends on process conditions as well as molecular weight. At low stretching temperatures and high rates the stress optical behavior was found to start with an initial glassy photo elastic behavior. Decreasing stretching rate or increasing processing temperature was found to eliminate this glassy photoelastic regime leading to the observation of a linear initial stress optical behavior past a temperature of 95 °C ( T ll ). The stress optical constant (SOC) was about the same for both M.W. materials stretched at temperatures past T ll , at 2.7 GPa −1 for HPA6 and 2.61 GPa −1 for LPA6. Following this initial regime, the behavior is controlled by the competition between orientation and relaxation during deformation. If the chain orientation relaxation is not suppressed by increasing the stretching rate and/or the molecular weight or by decreasing temperature, the material strain crystallizes.
TU-D-BRB-05: Three-Dimentional Dosimetric and Thermal Properties of a Newly Developed Ferromagnetic Core Thermobrachytherapy Seed for Treatment of Solid Tumors

Purpose: Studies of the curative effects of hyperthermia and radiation therapy on treatment of cancer show a strong evidence of a synergistic enhancement when two modalities are applied simultaneously. Varieties of tissue heating approaches developed up to date still fail to overcome such essential limitations as an inadequate temperature control, temperature non‐uniformity, and prolonged time delay between hyperthermia and radiation treatments. We propose a new self‐regulating Thermobrachytherapy seed, which serves as a source of both radiation and heat for concurrent administration of brachytherapy and hyperthermia. Methods: The proposed seed is based on the BEST Model 2301‐I125, where tungsten marker is replaced with a ferromagnetic material. The ferromagnetic core produces heat when subjected to alternating electro‐magnetic (EM) field and effectively shuts off after reaching its Curie temperature thus realizing the temperature self‐regulation. We studied a model consisting 32 seeds, placed in the central region of a cylindrical water phantom. The temperature distribution thorough the volume surrounding the seeds was modeled using a finite‐element partial differential equation solver package “COMSOL Multiphysics” for different EM field parameters. Results:Temperature of the thermoseed surface rises rapidly and stays constant around Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic material (Cu‐Ni alloy) used. The amount of heat produced by the ferromagnetic core is sufficient for raising the temperature of the surrounding volume to the therapeutic range. The volume of the therapeutictemperature range increases with increase of frequency or magnetic field. The temperature distribution is tunable based on the number of seeds used, their locations, magnetic field strength, and its frequency. Conclusion: The amount of heat produced by the seeds is sufficient for achieving the therapeutictemperature range in the surrounding volume when the appropriate frequency and magnetic field is applied. Our study demonstrates feasibility of the proposed combinational seed for clinical implementation of concurrent brachytherapy and hyperthermia.
Improved amperometric method for the rapid and quantitative measurement of lipoxygenase activity in vegetable tissue crude homogenates.

An improved amperometric method for rapid (2 min) quantitative determination of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in vegetable tissue crude homogenates is presented. Measured LOX activity was linear (R2 > 0.99) throughout the entire activity range for green bean and for corn below 70% activity. The resolution was 0.4% or 1.11 μmol L-1 s-1 of oxygen. The limit of detection was 3.43 μmol L-1 s-1 of oxygen. The amperometric method was improved by encapsulating linoleic acid (LA) in β-cyclodextrin (CD) resulting in a stable substrate−buffer solution at a pH below 8.0. Ethanol and Tween 20 were not effective in solubilizing high LA concentrations required by the assay. A prototype benchtop instrument with the potential for use in an industrial environment is also presented. Keywords: Lipoxygenase assay; enzyme activity; rapid assay; blanching indicator
Long-term incidence and prognostic factors of the progression of new coronary lesions in Japanese coronary artery disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Revascularization of an initially non-target site due to its progression as a new culprit lesion has emerged as a new therapeutic target of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the era of drug-eluting stents. Using the Shinken database, a single-hospital-based cohort, we aimed to clarify the incidence and prognostic factors for progression of previously non-significant coronary portions after prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Japanese CAD patients. We selected from the Shinken database a single-hospital-based cohort of Japanese patients (n = 15227) who visited the Cardiovascular Institute between 2004 and 2010 to undergo PCI. This study included 1,214 patients (median follow-up period, 1,032 ± 704 days). Additional clinically driven PCI to treat previously non-significant lesions was performed in 152 patients. The cumulative rate of new-lesion PCI was 9.5 % at 1 year, 14.4 % at 3 years, and 17.6 % at 5 years. There was no difference in background clinical characteristics between patients with and without additional PCI. Prevalence of multi-vessel disease (MVD) (82 vs. 57 %, p < 0.001) and obesity (47 vs. 38 %, p = 0.028) were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level (51 ± 15 vs. 47 ± 12 mg/dl, p < 0.001) was significantly lower in patients with additional PCI than those without. Patients using insulin (6 vs. 3 %, p = 0.035) were more common in patients with additional PCI. Multivariate analysis showed that MVD, lower HDL, and insulin use were independent determinants of progression of new culprit coronary lesions. In conclusion, progression of new coronary lesions was common and new-lesion PCI continued to occur beyond 1 year after PCI without attenuation of their annual incidences up to 5 years. Greater coronary artery disease burden, low HDL, and insulin-dependent DM were independent predictors of progression of new culprit coronary lesions.
Volume changes of mammalian cells subjected to hypotonic solutions in vitro: evidence for the requirement of a sodium pump for the shrinking phase.

A Coulter-orifice pulse-height analyzer system was used to measure volume spectra of mammalian cells in suspension at different times after the addition of an equal volume of water. In appropriate hypotonic medium, cultured mammalian cells rapidly increase in volume and then shrink, more slowly, approaching their initial volumes within 20 to 30 minutes at 37.5°C. The shrinking phase was found to be reversibly inhibited by ouabain and inhibited in both K+-free and Na+-free solutions; neither choline+ nor Li+ could substitute for extracellular Na+ in supporting the shrinking phenomenon but Rb+ and Cs+ were fairly good substitutes for K+. Under conditions similar to those with which the shrinking phenomenon was observed with cultured cells, it was not found with either human or mouse red blood cells. Two methods were used to determine intracellular Na+ and K+ content in osmotically shocked cells and in unshocked controls. An isotope equilibration method was employed with L5178-Y mouse lymphoblasts and a chemical determination by flame photometry was used with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The K+ content was significantly reduced and the Na+ content was unchanged or somewhat increased in cells which had returned to their original volumes in hypotonic medium. The K+ content was even more reduced but the Na+ content was greatly increased in cells which were osmotically shocked in the presence of ouabain.
Histone methylation during hepatic regeneration in rat

The activity of protein methylase I (S-adenosylmethionine : protein-arginine methyltransferase) increases biphasically during hepatic regeneration of rat; reaching the first peak at the second day and the second peak at the fourth day. However, this pattern of enzyme activity does not necessarily correlate with the rate of Me-14C incorporation into NG,NG-dimethylarginine in histones. The protein methylase II (S-adenosylmethionine : protein-carboxyl methyltransferase) activity has a single peak at the 4th day after partial hepatectomy. On the other hand, the activity of protein methylase III (S-adenosylmethionine : protein-lysine methyltransferase) increases biphasically with peaks at the 2nd and 4th day of regeneration. Furthermore, this change of protein methylase III activity coincides with that amount found in histone as well as with the rate of Me-14C incorporation into e-N-monomethyllysine and e-N-dimethyllysine in histone. Under the present conditions, the peak of DNA synthesis was found at the 2nd day of hepatic regeneration. Therefore, histone methylation is not a late event.