cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for Trigger Factor and an Rgg-like regulator in the transcription, secretion and processing of the cysteine proteinase of Streptococcus pyogenes

The ability of numerous microorganisms to cause disease relies upon the highly regulated expression of secreted proteinases. In this study, mutagenesis with a novel derivative of Tn4001 was used to identify genes required for the expression of the secreted cysteine proteinase (SCP) of the pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Designated as Rop loci (regulation of proteinase), ropB is a rgg-like transcriptional activator required for transcription of the gene which encodes the proteinase. In contrast, ropA contributes post-transcriptionally to the secretion and processing of SCP and encodes a homologue of Trigger Factor, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase and putative chaparone which is highly conserved in most bacterial species, but of unknown function. Analysis of additional ropA mutants demonstrated that RopA acts both to assist in targeting SCP to the secretory pathway and to promote the ability of the proprotein to establish an active conformation upon secretion. This latter function was dependent upon the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain of RopA and mutants that lacked this domain exhibited a bipartite deficiency manifested as a kinetic defect in autologous processing of the proprotein to the mature proteinase, and as a catalytic defect in the mature proteinase. These results provide insight into the function of Trigger Factor, the regulation of proteinase activity and the mechanism of secretion in Gram-positive bacteria.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for high risk non-hodgkin's lymphoma during first complete remission

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from histocompatible sibling donors was performed in six patients with extranodal involvement of high grade lymphoma during first complete remission. Five patients had lymphoblastic lymphoma and one had diffuse undifferentiated lymphoma. The cytoreductive/immunosuppressive regimen consisted of total body irradiation and high dose cyclophosphamide. Four patients are alive in complete remission at 8 months, 14 months, 21 months and 47 months post transplantation. One patient who relapsed 7 months after his initial transplantation underwent a second transplantation but another relapse 17 months later led to his death. One patient died of chronic graft-versus-host disease and at autopsy there was no evidence of lymphoma. These data demonstrate that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can produce durable remissions in patients with high grade lymphoma who present with bone marrow, central nervous system and/or skin involvement.
Through whose eyes? The impact of identification on judgments of group status

This paper examines how group identification influences individuals’ judgments of the in-group’s status. Across four studies, using multiple manipulations of identification and measurements of group status, we demonstrate that increased identification with one’s group positively influences judgments of the in-group’s status. Moreover, we find confirmatory support for our prediction that this relationship is mediated by collective self-esteem. Implications of this research for social identity theory and both intragroup and intergroup status perceptions are discussed.
Modeling and base-calling for Dna Sequencing-By-Synthesis

The process of DNA sequencing-by-synthesis and its non-idealities are modeled as a noisy switched linear system parameterized by the unknown DNA sequence. The base-calling problem is then formulated as a parameter detection problem. As this system can have long memory, performing exact maximum-likelihood decoding is computationally prohibitive. An approximate ML method applied to experimental Pyrosequencing data demonstrates reliable read lengths exceeding 200 bases, which is significantly longer than that achieved by current methods
The New Global Corporate Culture: A Comparative Survey Of The Corporate Cultures Of Japan And The United States In The 21st Century

Japan 2007, is not the same country it was during theeighties, when foreigners flocked to Tokyo, armed with copies of books such as How to Succeed in Japan: A Business Etiquette Primer. Globalization, fueled by the Internet and other advances in communications technology, is playing an ever greater role in business operations around the globe. Outside of business, these advances allow people on opposite sides of the globe to interact, and this interaction exposes others to new ideas, views, languages, and cultures. This study evaluates the shifts in the corporate cultures of Japan and the United States, through the framework of Hofstedes value dimensions over the past 25 years, through the use of surveys and interviews in both countries. This rich material is backed by examples of these shifts in both countries; in addition to a brief overview of the communicative differences of Japan and the United States. This study will allow not only business professionals and managers, but also students and teachers, to approach another culture with clear, current insight that gets past stereotypes to help foster success in engaging and working with counterparts in other parts of the world.
Brontotheriidae (Perissodactyla) from the late early and middle Eocene (Bridgerian), Wasatch and Bridger formations, southern Green River Basin, southwestern Wyoming

Abstract The perissodactyl family Brontotheriidae is represented by large numbers of specimens from latest early and middle Eocene sediments of the Western Interior of North America. Species level taxonomy of brontotheres has been confusing, and the relationships of the earliest occurring species to those that occur later have not been well documented or understood. Evidence based on new specimens from the earliest Bridgerian from the Green River Basin, in particular from South Pass and Opal, coupled with a reanalysis of previously existing specimens has led to the following conclusions concerning the alpha taxonomy of Bridgerian North American brontotheres. Four genera (Eotitanops, Palaeosyops, Mesatirhinus, and Telmatherium) are recognized. Eotitanops is represented by two species, E. borealis and E. minimus, and Palaeosyops by five species, P. paludosus, P. fontinalis, P. laevidens, P. robustus, and P. laticeps. A re-examination of the temporal distribution of brontotheres requires that the biochronolo...
Mineral Oil: Enhancement of Field Efficacy of a Pyrethroid Insecticide Against the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

A plant-cage study was conducted on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), to compare mineral oil, mineral oil plus water, and water spray formulations of cyfluthrin for residual toxicity to the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Percent mortality was measured at 0, 24, and 48 h after application for two rates of cyfluthrin, 0.021 and 0.037 kg (AI)/ha. Mineral oil synergized the toxicity of cyfluthrin compared with water. Oil formulations, particularly mineral oil without water, increased the residual toxicity of cyfluthrin against boll weevils compared with the aqueous formulation. Mineral oil cyfluthrin combinations also reduced boll weevil feeding injury to flower buds. Reduced feeding injury may have been due in part to a repellent or antifeedant effect of cyfluthrin on boll weevils.
Variation in Spot and Stripe Patterns in Original and Regenerated Zebrafish Caudal Fins.

Abstract Tissue regeneration requires not only the replacement of lost cells and tissues, but also the recreation of morphologies and patterns. Skin pigment pattern is a relatively simple system that can allow researchers to uncover the underlying mechanisms of pattern formation. To gain insight into how pigment patterns form, undergraduate students in the senior level course Developmental Biology designed an experiment that assayed pigment patterns in original and regenerated caudal fins of wild-type, striped, and mutant, spotted zebrafish. A majority of the WT fins regenerated with a similar striped pattern. In contrast, the pattern of spots even in the original fins of the mutants varied among individual fish. Similarly, the majority of the spots in the mutants did not regenerate with the same morphology, size, or spacing as the original fins. This was true even when only a small amount of fin was removed, leaving most of the fin to potentially reseed the pattern in the regenerating tissue. This sugges...
Experiential Innovations: Student peer-led topic discussions through a faculty team-based model

Abstract Background/purpose This study explored the creation of an Internal Medicine/Critical Care faculty team to provide facilitation to student-led, active learning-based topic discussions. This method served to provide robust discussions accompanied with accountability while simultaneously alleviating faculty workload. Basic procedures Faculty met prior to each rotation block to schedule and assign facilitators and students to a standard set of Internal Medicine and Critical Care topics. All students from the team of faculty were required to attend each discussion. Students were responsible for leading a short topic discussion incorporating active learning for their peers. Topic discussion facilitation was divided among the faculty. Student perceptions were gathered through anonymous Qualtrics ® surveys. Main findings A total of 43 students were included in this study. The response rate for the voluntary survey was 84%. Overall, 88% of students agreed peer teaching increased their confidence. Students reported topics were appropriate 98% of the time. Most students reported an increase in knowledge as a result of the topic discussion. Faculty reported 66% reduction in workload for weekly topic discussions. Principal conclusions A peer-teaching model for topic discussions enhanced student confidence during APPE rotations and decreased faculty time.
Studies in Rh Sensitization: IV. Persistence of Rh Antibodies in Serum of Sensitized Individuals

Periodic Rh antibodies were carried out over a period of one to four years in a series of 60 sensitized Rh-negative individuals. The results indicate that once an individual has become sensitized to the Rh factor, the antibodies persist in his body for the remainder of his life. An illustrative case is presented in which antibodies were found in the serum of an Rh-negative woman who had never received an injection of blood and who had had her last pregnancy twenty-two years previously.
Athanasios Koukopoulos' Psychiatry: The Primacy of Mania and the Limits of Antidepressants

Background Athanasios Koukopoulos provided a radical model for understanding depressive and manic conditions. Objective To review, explain, and analyze Koukopoulos' concept of the primacy of mania, with special attention to the role of antidepressants. Method A conceptual review of Koukopoulos' writings and lectures on this topic is given. Results Koukopoulos held that depressive states are caused by manic states; the former do not occur without the latter. The most common scenario of the inseparability of depressive and manic symptoms occurs in mixed states, which we estimate to represent about one-half of all depressive episodes in all patients (not just bipolar illness). In a review of the empirical evidence for this topic, we conclude that empirical evidence exists to support the primary of mania thesis in almost 80% of depressed patients. Since antidepressants worsen mania, they would be expected to worsen depression as well in this model. We provide evidence that supports this view in most persons with depressive states. Conclusion Koukopoulos' model of affective illness is one where manic states are the primary pathology, and depressive conditions are a secondary consequence. Hence treatment of depression with antidepressants would be less effective than treatment with mood stabilizers, since treating an effect is less successful than treating its cause. This approach would reverse current assumptions in psychiatry.
Parseval Frames with n + 1 Vectors in \mathbb{R}^{n}

We prove a uniqueness theorem for triangular Parseval frame with n + 1 vectors in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\). We also provide a characterization of unit-norm frames that can be scaled to Parseval frames.
The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA 11. A New Species of Arotrura Walsingham 1888 (Scythrididae), Another Iconic Species from the Monument

ABSTRACT. The U.S. National Park Service initiated a 10-year study of the Lepidoptera at White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico in late 2006. Arotrura landryorum sp. n., described here, was discovered in 2007, during the first year of the study. The male and female adult moths and genitalia are illustrated.
Modelling Data Containing Exact Zeroes Using Zero Degrees of Freedom

On etablit l'existence et l'unicite des estimations du maximum de vraisemblance pour la distribution d'echelle du khi-deux non centre a zero degre de liberte
Memoirs: On the Ciliary Mechanisms and Interrelationship of Lamellibranchs Part VI: The Pattern of the Lateral Ciliated Cells of the Gill Filaments of the Lamellibranchia

The pattern of the lateral ciliated cells of the gill filaments has been examined in a number of Lamellibranchs and figures given, In the Protobranchia the lateral ciliated cells, except for a row on the abfrontal side, have no definite shape or arrangement; in the higher Lamellibranchs there is an orderly arrangement of the approximately rhomboidal cells in rows. The arrangement of the cells in any species appears to be constant. In the group possessing micro-latero-frontal cilia the variation in the pattern of the lateral ciliated cells in the various families is in marked contrast with the constancy of the general type of pattern found in the majority of the Eulamellibranchs.
Limb Symmetry Indexes Can Overestimate Knee Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Study Design Prospective cohort. Background The high risk of second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries after return to sport highlights the importance of return-to-sport decision making. Objective return-to-sport criteria frequently use limb symmetry indexes (LSIs) to quantify quadriceps strength and hop scores. Whether using the uninvolved limb in LSIs is optimal is unknown. Objectives To evaluate the uninvolved limb as a reference standard for LSIs utilized in return-to-sport testing and its relationship with second ACL injury rates. Methods Seventy athletes completed quadriceps strength and 4 single-leg hop tests before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and 6 months after ACLR. Limb symmetry indexes for each test compared involved-limb measures at 6 months to uninvolved-limb measures at 6 months. Estimated preinjury capacity (EPIC) levels for each test compared involved-limb measures at 6 months to uninvolved-limb measures before ACLR. Second ACL injuries were tracked for a minimum follow-up of 2 years after ACLR. Results Forty (57.1%) patients achieved 90% LSIs for quadriceps strength and all hop tests. Only 20 (28.6%) patients met 90% EPIC levels (comparing the involved limb at 6 months after ACLR to the uninvolved limb before ACLR) for quadriceps strength and all hop tests. Twenty-four (34.3%) patients who achieved 90% LSIs for all measures 6 months after ACLR did not achieve 90% EPIC levels for all measures. Estimated preinjury capacity levels were more sensitive than LSIs in predicting second ACL injuries (LSIs, 0.273; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.010, 0.566 and EPIC, 0.818; 95% CI: 0.523, 0.949). Conclusion Limb symmetry indexes frequently overestimate knee function after ACLR and may be related to second ACL injury risk. These findings raise concern about whether the variable ACL return-to-sport criteria utilized in current clinical practice are stringent enough to achieve safe and successful return to sport. Level of Evidence Prognosis, 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(5):334-338. Epub 29 Mar 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7285.
Everyday life, participant observation, and the bodies caught between wars on terror and drugs

Fieldwork with U.S. veterans showed me many things I never expected. As good fieldwork should, it disrupted my questions and showed me answers I was not seeking. Drawing on that experience, this es...
Assessing differences in macrofaunal assemblages as a factor of sieve mesh size, distance between samples, and time of sampling.

With increasing cascading effects of climate change on the marine environment, as well as pollution and anthropogenic utilization of the seafloor, there is increasing interest in tracking changes to benthic communities. Macrofaunal surveys are traditionally conducted as part of pre-incident environmental assessment studies and post-incident monitoring studies when there is a potential impact to the seafloor. These surveys usually characterize the structure and/or spatiotemporal distribution of macrofaunal assemblages collected with sediment cores; however, many different sampling protocols have been used. An assessment of the comparability of past and current survey methods was in need to facilitate future surveys and comparisons. This was the aim of the present study, conducted off the Oregon coast in waters 25–35 m deep. Our results show that the use of a sieve with a 1.0-mm mesh size gives results for community structure comparable to results obtained from a 0.5-mm mesh size, which allows reliable comparisons of recent and past spatiotemporal surveys of macroinfauna. In addition to our primary objective of comparing methods, we also found interacting effects of seasons and depths of collection. Seasonal differences (summer and fall) were seen in infaunal assemblages in the wave-induced sediment motion zone but not deeper. Thus, studies where wave-induced sediment motion can structure the benthic communities, especially during the winter months, should consider this effect when making temporal comparisons. In addition, some macrofauna taxa-like polychaetes and amphipods show high interannual variabilities, so spatiotemporal studies should make sure to cover several years before drawing any conclusions.
Behavioral Effects of Focal Irradiation in a Juvenile Murine Model

Chemotherapy has been successfully used to reduce radiation dose and volume for most pediatric patients. However, because of the failure of chemotherapeutic agents to cross the blood-brain barrier and the lack of response of some brain tumors to these agents, radiation therapy is still used to treat many childhood cancers with CNS involvement. In this study, we investigated the radiation effects on cognition and dendritic structure in the hippocampus in juvenile male mice. Twenty-one-day-old male C57BL/6 mice were irradiated using the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP). Animals were exposed to either a 10 Gy single dose or 10 Gy × 2 fractionated doses of X-ray cranial radiation. Five weeks after irradiation, animals were tested for hippocampus-dependent cognitive performance in the Morris water maze. Significant impairment in spatial memory retention was observed in the probe trial after the first day of hidden-platform training (first probe trial) in animals that received either 10 Gy singl...
Parmecium Behavioral Genetics

Parmecium species have been studied for their swimming behavior for over 100 years. The cells swim by the motion of thousands of cilia, whose beating can change in response to environmental stimuli. Electrophysiological studies have shown that ion channels control ciliary beating. Kung, and later Japanese workers, combined this knowledge of physiology with the well-understood genetics of Parmecium and isolated behavioral mutants called ‘Pawns,’ ‘Paranoiacs,’ and ‘Pantophobiacs,’ each with discrete ion channel defects. Today, these behavioral mutants are proving useful in understanding how cilia beat and inform the studies of ciliophathies, that is, diseases that arise in humans from cilia that function abnormally.
Nato Bombing of Kosovo: Humanitarian Intervention or Crime against Humanity?

For 78 days in 1999, NATO forces led by theUnited States bombed Yugoslavia, killinghundreds of its civilians and devastating itsinfrastructure. NATO spokesmen justified thebombardment as ``humanitarian intervention''aimed at halting President Slobodan Milosevic's``ethnic cleansing'' of non-Serbs in Yugoslavia. This essay deconstructs NATO's rationalizationsand analyzes other more sinister motives forthe bombing. By containing Yugoslavia, andmaintaining a permanent presence in Kosovo, theUnited States seeks to ensure its access toCaspian Sea oil, and to maintain economichegemony over Europe. U.S. activities inother countries, such as Turkey, corroboratethe non-``humanitarian'' motives for the bombingof Yugoslavia. Finally, the essay analyzes whyNATO's so-called ``humanitarian'' bombardment ofYugoslavia was rather a ``crime againsthumanity'' undertaken in violation ofinternational law.
Activity as a Source of Knowledge

There is no division of human life which has not been touched upon and altered by science, and this is no less true of philosophy than it is of other concerns. The experimental method of the physical sciences in particular has been and still is the part of science which has influenced philosophy the most. Elsewhere I have tried to argue that philosophical empiricism though developed in imitation of scientific empiricism differs from it sharply.1 Scientific empiricism is objective while philosophical empiricism is subjective. Scientific empiricism has tried to verify by means of the disclosures of sense experience the regularities which it hypothesizes in nature, philosophical empiricism has tried to verify by means of the sense experiences themselves the meanings which they have for the subject. The result is that science has begun and continues to develop a description of the world, while philosophy remains behind debating the various alternative interpretations of sense experience.
Higher-Order Factors: Models and Formulas

The researcher has now achieved a unique solution as regards primary factors. He possesses a factor pattern matrix of oblique factors at a position of demonstrated maximum simple structure, or confactor resolution, and hopefully of sufficient statistical significance in loadings, hyperplanes, etc. He should preserve in file, as the hallmarks of his solutions, the R υ matrix, the V0 (with a column of communalities), the L matrix, which transformed from the V0 to the V rs , and the correlations among the oblique factors R f . For all of these may be needed; for further steps or for examination later, by others or by himself, of the adequacy of his solution; for searches for the possibility of alternative solutions; and for theory checking and development in the next stage of experiment.
Literature and Architecture as a Metaphor of “Grandeur” and “Decadence”

The musical implication thoughtfully chosen for this symposium, “The Orchestration of the Arts”, combined with a recent re-reading of French Renaissance poets was a welcome invitation to focus my thoughts on the relationship between two sister arts, literature and architecture, as seen in poetic texts of the 16th and 17th centuries. A point of departure was suitably offered by Joachim du Bellay, Les Antiquitez de Rome and Les Regrets, works of his “Roman” period, considered today as his masterpieces. A well-known Renaissance scholar does not hesitate to declare: In the Antiquitez de Rome, Du Bellay reaches his peak as an artistic creator in words. From the beginning of his career he saw Rome as guilty but enormously awesome ... .1
‘Stay back for your own safety’: News photographers, interference, and the photographs they are prevented from taking:

This exploratory, mixed-methods study uses semi-structured interviews to identify the sources of interference that news photographers encounter and then, using survey research, assesses these inter...
Formal interpretation of cyber-physical system performance with temporal logic

The inherent and increasing complexity of many cyber-physical systems (CPSs) makes it challenging for human users or designers to comprehend and interpret their performance. This issue, without pro...
PCR-Based Detection and Quantification of a Transgenic Glyphosate-Tolerant Canola Using a Novel Reference Gene System

Development and commercialization of a transgenic crop depends upon the availability of a reliable quantitative assay sensitive enough to detect low level presence of transgenic material in mixed seed or in a commercial product. An appropriate species-specific endogenous control also is necessary for accurate quantification. A novel mode of transgenic tolerance to glyphosate, whereupon an engineered acetylase detoxifies glyphosate, was recently developed and incorporated into transgenic canola (Brassica napus). Here, we describe two highly specific and sensitive PCR-based assays for the transgenic event, DP-O73496-4. We also developed and evaluated an appropriate endogenous control to be used in conjunction with the event-specific assays. This endogenous control is specific to the A genome of cultivated canola-quality oilseed rape based on our analysis of the diversity of FatA gene sequences.
Shear-induced collective diffusivity down a concentration gradient in a viscous emulsion of drops

The shear-induced collective diffusivity down a concentration gradient in a viscous emulsion is computed using direct numerical simulation. A layer of randomly packed drops subjected to a shear flow, shows the layer width to increase with the power of time, consistent with a semi-dilute theory that assumes a diffusivity linear with concentration. This characteristic scaling and the underlying theory are used to compute the collective diffusivity coefficient. This is the first ever computation of this quantity for a system of deformable particles using fully resolved numerical simulation. The results match very well with previous experimental observations. The coefficient of collective diffusivity varies non-monotonically with the capillary number, due to the competing effects of increasing deformation and drop orientation. A phenomenological correlation for the collective diffusivity coefficient as a function of capillary number is presented. We also apply an alternative approach to compute collective diffusivity, developed originally for a statistically homogeneous rigid sphere suspension – computing the dynamic structure factor from the simulated droplet positions and examining its time variation at small wavenumber. We show that the results from this alternative approach qualitatively agree with our computation of collective diffusivity including the prediction of the non-monotonic variation of diffusivity with the capillary number.
Flavor Tagging at the Tevatron, Including Calibration and Control

This report summarizes the flavor tagging techniques developed at the CDF and D0 experiments. Flavor tagging involves identification of the B meson flavor at production, whether its constituent is a quark or an anti-quark. It is crucial for measuring the oscillation frequency of neutral B mesons, both in the B{sup 0} and B{sub S} system. The two experiments have developed their unique approaches to flavor tagging, using neural networks, and likelihood methods to disentangle tracks from b decays from other tracks. This report discusses these techniques and the measurement of B{sup 0} mixing, as a means to calibrate the taggers.
The many faces of early repolarization syndrome: A single-center case series.

Background Early repolarization syndrome (ERS) is a rare but increasingly recognized cause of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize the presentations and treatments of ERS at our institution. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients presenting to our institution between 2008 and 2019 with ERS. Exclusion criteria included Brugada syndrome, positive provocative testing with class I antiarrhythmic drugs, metabolic disturbances, or structural heart disease. Results Of 10 patients identified with ERS, 8 were men with a mean age of 30 ± 17 years at diagnosis. Documented arrhythmias included ventricular fibrillation in 7 of 10, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in 3 of 10, and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in 3 of 10 patients. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 3 of 10, and atrioventricular block was seen in 2 of 10. J waves and/or electrocardiographic early repolarization patterns were dynamic in 7 of 10. Arrhythmias occurred at rest in 8 of 10 and with exertion in 2 of 10. Only 1 patient had a family history of sudden death, and 4 of 10 patients had variants of uncertain significance on genetic testing. Quinidine effectively suppressed arrhythmias in 5 of 5 patients but required dose escalation to >1 g/d in 3 of 5 patients. Abnormal epicardial electrograms were recorded over the inferolateral left ventricle in 2 patients who underwent mapping and were successfully ablated. Premature ventricular contraction triggers were also targeted for ablation in 3 patients. Conclusion ERS is a heterogeneous condition and may be associated with both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular block, dynamic electrocardiographic changes, and variable triggers. In addition to targeting premature ventricular contraction triggers, mapping and ablation of abnormal epicardial electrograms may be a potential future treatment strategy.
Modeling thermoset polymers using an improved molecular dynamics crosslinking methodology

Abstract This research explores the exceptional capabilities of an improved proximity-based molecular dynamics technique for modeling the crosslinking of thermoset polymers. The novel methodology enables realistic curing simulations through its ability to dynamically and probabilistically perform complex topology transformations while selectively minimizing high potential energy groups. The molecular structures are analyzed based on the incorporation of cure temperature, cutoff distance, and reaction probability into the Arrhenius equation, providing important insights into the pitfalls of some commonly used assumptions in crosslinking simulations. In addition, this work discusses the necessity of using thermal disturbance to break metastable configurations. Finally, a variety of these systems are tested for their ability to capture the effects of temperature and crosslinking degree on material properties. This leads to new perspectives for the strain hardening phenomenon, the sensitivity of stiffness calculations, and the evolution of the Poisson’s ratio, and provides a holistic view of the glass transition temperature through its manifestation in each of these mechanical properties.
Phase II study of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) and oxaliplatin as induction chemotherapy (IC) in resectable esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (EGAC).

TPS464Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by surgery is a standard approach for localized EGAC. Despite multimodality treatment, 5-year overall survival (OS) is less than 50%, wit...
A percolation theory-based street network connectivity model for feeder transit services

In this paper, percolation-based street network connectivity is studied for two types of networks from transit systems: first, networks from a fixed route transit (FRT) and second, networks from a flexible route transit (FXRT). Application examples with Route 121 from Long Beach Transit for FRT show that the connectivity of a section of the route analysed is up to 67%. With FXRT example using five Call-n-Ride (CnR) Denver RTD, the connectivity is found to be the highest for Interlocken with street connectivity up to 14.4%. The street network from all the five CnR systems appeared to be poorly connected for drop-off or pick-up of passengers. This research would serve as a benchmark to studying several other percolation-based properties of porous media that can be successfully applied to modelling network connectivity of other modes of transportation such as rail and freight trucks.
CHAPTER 10 – FILES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how to permanently store information in a file on diskette. Long term electronic storage of data is often required in using computers. A file is a collection of data saved on diskette. A buffer is employed to store information in memory before the program uses it. The program can write information stored in the buffer to a file on diskette or vice versa. Thus, files are a very useful medium for storing data on a permanent basis while allowing the data to be readily available for use by programs. Such collections of data saved on diskette are a natural part of numerous computer applications. A file must be opened in order to use it. The OPEN statement associates a buffer with a file on diskette to this end. Information can be stored in a sequential file using the WRITE # statement. Thereafter, random access files are made up of fixed length records. A record is a structured set of information. The record structure of a random access file is determined by the FIELD statement. Information as a record can be stored in a random access file using FIELD, LSET, and PUT statements.
Broadband Tuning the Voltage Dependence of a Sodium Channel

Voltage-gated sodium channels initiate action potentials in prokaryotes and in many eukaryotic cells, including vertebrate nerve and muscle. Their activation is steeply voltage-dependent, but it is unclear how the voltage sensitivity is set or whether it can be broadly shifted to positive voltages. Here we show that the voltage dependence of activation (VA) of the ancestral bacterial sodium channel NaVAb can be progressively shifted from -118 mV to +35 mV in chimeras with increasing numbers of amino acid residues from the extracellular half of the voltage sensor of human NaV1.7 channels. In a minimal chimera in which only 32 residues were transferred, we analyzed the effects of six additional mutations of conserved amino acid residues singly, in pairs, and as triple mutations. The resulting chimeric mutants exhibited a broad range of voltage sensitivity from VA=-118 mV to VA=+120 mV. Three mutations (N48K, L112A, and M119V) shifted VA to +61 mV when substituted in NaVAb itself, and substitution of two additional Cys residues in the Cys-free background of NaVAb further shifted VA to +105 mV. In these mutants, measurement of gating currents revealed that the voltage dependence of gating charge movement (VQ) shifted to positive membrane potentials as much or more than VA, confirming that the gating charges are trapped in their resting positions by these VA-shifting mutations. Our results demonstrate broadband shifting of VA and VQ of a sodium channel across a range of 240 mV and provide a toolbox of methods and constructs to analyze sodium channel structure and function in the resting state at 0 mV and in activated states at positive membrane potentials. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTThe complete range of broadband tuning of voltage-dependent activation of a sodium channel. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=59 SRC="FIGDIR/small/392571v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (13K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@147c265org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2b8b15org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b84b48org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1569072_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
Paratectonatica tigrina (Gastropoda: Naticidae) adjusts its predation tactics depending on the chosen prey and their shell weight relative to its own

Paratectonatica tigrina employs three predatory tactics against bivalve prey: wall-drilling, edge-drilling and non-drilling (suffocation) tactics. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to examine the predator–prey interactions between the naticid gastropod P. tigrina and two species of bivalve prey, Ruditapes philippinarum and Meretrix lusoria, and to investigate how predatory tactics differ for the bivalve species. Predation success increased with the shell weight ratio between predator and prey, however, there was no significant difference among prey species. The shell weight ratio significantly differed (P < 0.05) between predatory tactics against R. philippinarum, but not against M. lusoria, implying that P. tigrina determines its predatory tactics based on the shell weight ratio for R. philippinarum. However, we observed that feeding duration was not influenced by shell weight ratio or prey species, even though data were separated for each predatory tactic. These results suggest that there is no difference in feeding efficiency based on shell weight ratio between prey species and between predatory tactics. Paratectonatica tigrina may alter its predatory tactics suitably depending on the prey species and the relative size difference, despite the same feeding efficiency.
Inflammation stresses out brain development.

A new study reveals that maternal immune activation promotes sex-biased activation of the integrated stress response in the developing mouse brain and that this mechanistically contributes to the onset of autism-related behaviors uniquely in male offspring.
Informatics and machine learning methods for health applications.

The 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine (ICIBM 2020) provided a multidisciplinary forum for computational scientists and experimental biologists to share recent advances on all aspects of intelligent computing, informatics and data science in biology and medicine. ICIBM 2020 was held as a virtual conference on August 9–10, 2020, including four live sessions with forty-one oral presentations over video conferencing. In this special issue, ten high-quality manuscripts were selected after peer-review from seventy-five submissions to represent the medical informatics and decision making aspect of the conference. In this editorial, we briefly summarize these ten selected manuscripts.
Factors Influencing the Population Fluctuations of Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Maine.

The browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.)) is a forest pest that was accidentally introduced in the late 1800's and spread throughout New England in the early part of the 20th Century. At its peak range expansion in 1915 it encompassed an area of 150,000 km2 after which populations declined. By the 1960s, its distribution had receded to relic populations on outer Cape Cod, MA, and islands in Casco Bay, ME. In 1989 browntail moth resurged in Maine, with periodic, moderate outbreaks before a dramatic increase of the population occurred in 2016. We examined the pattern of annual defoliation by browntail moth since its resurgence in the 1990s as well as variation in populations throughout infested areas in Maine during three years of the recent outbreak, 2016–2018, relative to differences in weather, parasitism and habitat characteristics. Levels of defoliation over 24 yr were predicted by the preceding spring precipitation (–, negative effect) and the year's previous late summer and early fall temperatures (+, positive effect) when first to third instar larvae feed and then construct winter hibernacula. Late summer temperatures predicted the abundance of hibernacula across outbreak areas (+). Early spring temperatures (+) and early and late spring precipitation (–) predicted early summer larval and pupal nest abundance. Warmer fall temperatures result in more mature populations coming out of winter hibernacula in the spring, whereas spring precipitation drives epizootic outbreaks of Entomophaga aulicae (Reichardt in Bail) Humber (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae). with parasitoids playing a lesser role. Climate trends indicate continued increases in fall temperatures since browntail moth resurgence.
RBBP4 modulates gene activity through acetylation and methylation of histone H3 lysine 27

Abstract RBBP4 is a core subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and HDAC1/2-containing complexes, which are responsible for histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methylation and deacetylation respectively. However, the mechanisms by which RBBP4 modulates the functions of these complexes remain largely unknown. We generated viable mouse embryonic stem cell lines with RBBP4 mutations that disturbed methylation and acetylation of H3K27 on target chromatin and found that RBBP4 is required for PRC2 assembly and H3K27me3 establishment on target chromatin. Moreover, in the absence of EED and SUZ12, RBBP4 maintained chromatin binding on PRC2 loci, suggesting that the pre-existence of RBBP4 on nucleosomes serves to recruit PRC2 to restore H3K27me3 on newly synthesized histones. As such, disruption of RBBP4 function led to dramatic changes in transcriptional profiles. In spite of the PRC2 association, we found that transcriptional changes were more closely tied to the deregulation of H3K27ac rather than H3K27me3 where increased levels of H3K27ac were found on numerous cis-regulatory elements, especially putative enhancers. These data suggest that RBBP4 controls acetylation levels by adjusting the activity of HDAC complexes. As histone methylation and acetylation have been implicated in cancer and neural disease, RBBP4 could serve as a potential target for disease treatment.
Eye for an eye

Preface: a theory of justice? 1. Introductory themes: images of evenness 2. The Talion 3. The Talionic mint: funny money 4. The proper price of property in an eye 5. Teaching a lesson: pain and poetic justice 6. A pound of flesh 7. Remember me: mnemonics, debts (of blood), and the making of a person 8. Dismemberment and price lists 9. Of hands, hospitality, personal space and holiness 10. Satisfaction not guaranteed 11. Comparing values and the ranking game 12. Filthy lucre and holy dollars Conclusion.
Nobody’s Perfect (Not Even Close): Reevaluating Access to Justice in the United States and Western Europe

The promise of equal access to justice for the rich and poor alike has been one of the most serious challenges facing liberal democracies during the last century. Critics of the American approach to legal aid for the poor advocate the adoption of Western European models. At the same time, Western European nations confront serious difficulties in maintaining those models, which have met with the disapproval of European critics. An unbiased evaluation of popular schemes in the United States and Western Europe reveals that critiques of both systems are correct: no model of access to justice currently in place is perfect. However, by borrowing from the best of the American scheme (its breadth) and the best of the Western European schemes (their high level of government commitment) an ideal access to justice system can be developed.
International Business Research: Past, Present and Future

The Editors of the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) always try to publish the best international business research. Unfortunately, there will probably never be a simple response to the question, What constitutes excellent international business research? We might make some progress, however, if we first attempt to define international business research and then identify several noteworthy examples.
Advances in simultaneous multithreading testcase generation methods

Many modern microprocessor architectures utilize simultaneous multithreading (SMT) for increased performance. This trend is exemplified in IBM's Power series of high-end microprocessors which steadily increased the number of threads in a system in its POWER5, POWER6 and POWER7 designs. In this paper we discuss the steady increase in functional verification complexity introduced by each of these designs and the corresponding improvements to SMT verification methods that were necessary in order to cope with the growing verification challenge. We review three different verification technologies which were specifically developed to target SMT aspects of processor designs, and compare their relative advantages and drawbacks. Our focus is on the novel Thread Irritation technique - we demonstrate its effectiveness in finding high quality SMT bugs early in the verification cycle, and show how it was adopted to the post-silicon platform.
Marginal welfare cost calculations: Differential analysis vs. balanced-budget analysis

Abstract In a differential analysis, tax revenue collections are held constant. In a balanced-budget analysis, the spending level is changed, and the level of distortionary taxation is changed correspondingly. Here, income effects are important, and efficiency calculations depend chiefly on uncompensated elasticities, unless government exhaustive expenditure is assumed to substitute closely for cash. A small-scale computational general equilibrium model is constructed, and differential and balanced-budget experiments are performed. Results show that marginal welfare costs, calculated from balanced-budget experiments, can be negative when labor supply functions are backward-bending. Interactions among parameter values and efficiency costs are explored.
Immunologic classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Implications for normal lymphoid differentiation

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease as defined by clinical characteristics and immunologic techniques. The standard cell surface markers are sheep erythrocyte receptors for T lymphocytes and surface membrane immunoglobulin for B lymphocytes. Utilizing these markers, three subtypes of ALL designated T-ALL, B-ALL and non-B, non-T or null ALL have been defined. We have studied 70 patients with ALL utilizing these standard cell surface markers. In addition, we have further subclassified these patients by testing each cell for an ALL-associated antigen, the la-like antigen, and thymocyte antigen(s) all defined by well-characterized antisera. We can define 12 subgroups of ALL by their surface antigenic characteristics. These subgroups may have relevance to the clinical expression of disease and may define identifiable stages of normal lymphocyte development.
Drug-induced renal medullary necrosis: III. Increased Salt Intake and Enlargement of the Adrenal Cortex

Abstract Renal medullary necrosis has been produced in rats with the injection of 2-bromo-ethylamine hydrobromide, and the amount of daily urinary output and fluid intake has been measured. In addition, the enlarged adrenal glands that develop in these rats have been quantitatively analyzed, and examined by light microscopy. The rats with renal medullary necrosis develop a prominent degree of polyuria and polydipsia, and drink a large amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The enlarged adrenal glands show an increase in width of the zona fasciculata, and their weight progressively increases until the sixth day of the experiment. In conclusion, the renal medullary necrosis induces a profound derangement of the homeostatic function.
Inheritance of a gene for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from Lycopersicon peruvianum Mill.

Inheritance of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) derived from the cultivar ‘Stevens’ was studied. Five TSWV isolates, which differ in geographic origin and elicit different symptoms on tomato, were used to screen the resistant parent plants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to distinguish healthy and infected plants. Two susceptible advanced breeding lines were crossed with four F4 plants of a ‘Stevens’ × ‘Rodade’ obtained from South Africa (SA). There were no differences in the progeny responses of the four SA parents to TSWV. The inheritance of TSWV resistance was found to be a single dominant gene. The SA, F1, and the backcrosses to the resistant parent were found to have eight out of 612 plants infected four months after the inoculations, which indicates a 98.7% penetrance of the resistance gene.