cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Preventive Treatment for Wind-Induced Twisting and Swinging of Bundle Conductors

As a kind of couple vibration due to common influences of many factors and wind action,wind-caused twisting and swinging of bundle conductors are frequently observed in the running of overhead transmission lines. Generally,wind-caused twisting and swinging do not lead to transmission line failure,however under a certain condition considerably violent twisting and swinging might occur and cause accidents. Speical attention is emphatically paid to the generation mechanism of wind-caused twisting and swinging of bundle conductors and the impact of asymmetry tension on coupled vibration. Research results show that there is coupling between horizontal transverse swining and twisting of eccentric bundle conductor,and under the horizontal wind action the horizontal swinging movement of bundled conductor is easy to induce twisting movement,and such a coupling effect is further intensified by asymmetry tension of sub-conductors,thus asymmetry tension is also an important internal factor to induce twinting movement. Finally,based on internal impacting factors that induce wind-caused twisting and swinging of transmission lines,corresponding treatment measures are proposed.
Choice of Religious Believes:A Literature Review of the Economics of Religion

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical studies of the economicsA,of religion in Western countries using a"supply-demand"framework.It is found that the existing theories in the economics of religion try to explain the mechanism of religious choice from either the supply or demand angle.The religious market theory,based on the supply dimension,takes the religious market structure as the determinant of religious choice,whereas the religious social capital theory,religious household production model,religious human capital model,and ex-post social insurance model,all based on the demand dimension,underline the impact of the interpersonal attachment within social networks,opportunity cost of religion participation,efficiency of religious production,and public goods supply of religious organization on religious choice,respectively.The robust factors affecting the religious choice identified in the existing empirical studies include age,gender and family.Although economics of religion in the West has developed a lot in recent years,this discipline is still a new one and there are obvious limitations in it.Firstly,current theories usually emphasize only one of the mechanisms of the religious choice based on either supply or demand,rarely integrating the two aspects together.Secondly,none of the theories have enough empirical evidences.Thirdly,most of the current theories in economics of religion were built on traditional Christian religions without much about other major religiousus belief systems.Since the opening and reforming,China has experienced huge and rapid changes in religious faiths.Introducing economics of religion as a perspective to China offers an opportunity to examine the religious beliefs in current China and to build and develop related theories.Meanwhile,scholars should take into consideration the differences between the Chinese society and Western societies as well as the uniqueness of China when they want to do religious studies.They should be careful when applying this perspective.
Stability Characteristics and Coordinated Control Strategy of Grid-Integrated UHVDC Transmission Line From Xiluodu to Zhexi

After putting UHVDC power transmission line from Xiluodu to Zhexi into operation, together with the UHVDC power transmission line from Fulong to Fengxian a UHVDC transmission system, which will contains most dense UHVDC sending terminals in China, will be formed. The coupling characteristic between the UHVDC transmission system with multi-sending terminals and the AC power grid is analyzed and the AC/DC coordinated control strategy at the sending end after the fault occurred in the UHVDC transmission system with multi-sending terminals is proposed. In view of closer electric distances among different sending ends in the UHVDC transmission system, the post-fault reliability of mutual support is high, and the impact of the fault occurred in UHVDC system on the power flow in regional power grid at the sending end is not serious; however there may exist the risk that multi UHVDC terminals are simultaneously blocked, so it is necessary to adopt various control measures. After putting the UHVDC power transmission line from Xiluodu to Zhexi into operation, the influencing rule between the UHVDC line and the AC power grid at the receiving end is researched, and the sensitivity analysis on important parameters of the AC power grid and the UHVDC line is performed. Research results show that parameter optimization can enhance the stability of AC power grid at the receiving end effectively.
Analysis of epidermal growth factor-induced NF-κB signaling

The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that control cell survival, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, and innate and adaptive immune responses. Its activation is tightly regulated, and incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to a variety of pathological diseases, including cancer initiation and progression. NF-κB is often constitutively activated in cancer cells to promote cell survival, proliferation, migration, and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although the mechanism of constitutive NF-κB activation in cancer cells is not fully understood, it has been shown that mutation or aberrant expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to this, and the NF-κB activation, in turn, contributes to cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and drug resistance in various cancers. Recent study from our lab indicates that CARMA3, similar to the function of CARMA1 in mediating antigen receptor-mediated NF-κB activation, plays an essential role in mediating EGFR-induced NF-κB activation. However, the mechanism on how EGFR induces NF-κB activation is not clearly understood. In this chapter, we describe the methods required to test and characterize the role of a potential signaling component in EGFR-induced NF-κB activation.
S05.2 Adolescent chlamydia rates adjusted for screening heterogeneity

After chlamydia became a nationally notifiable condition in the United States, reported case rates increased steadily, likely a result of more complete reporting, expanded screening efforts, and use of more sensitive diagnostic tests. Reported case rates of chlamydia are highest among young women, a consequence of high prevalence in this population (as evidenced by estimates from national population-based surveys) and of targeted screening efforts (current guidelines in the United States recommend screening for all sexually active females aged
A Survey on 3D Modeling of Human Faces for Face Recognition

In its quest for more reliability and higher recognition rates the face recognition community has been focusing more and more on 3D based recognition. Depth information adds another dimension to facial features and provides ways to minimize the effects of pose and illumination variations for achieving greater recognition accuracy. This chapter reviews, therefore, the major techniques for 3D face modeling, the first step in any 3D assisted face recognition system. The reviewed techniques are laser range scans, 3D from structured light projection, stereo vision, morphing, shape from motion, shape from space carving, and shape from shading. Concepts, accuracy, feasibility, and limitations of these techniques and their effectiveness for 3D face recognition are discussed.
Deployment telemedicine : The Walter Reed Army Medical Center experience

This retrospective study analyzed telemedicine consultations from deployed military medical units in Somalia, Haiti, Croatia, and Macedonia to determine the clinical utility of telemedicine consultations. A computerized data-collection sheet was developed and information was abstracted from consultation requests and consultant replies. Questions relating to the consultation request included basic patient demographics, the deployed physician's specialty, questions asked, consultation urgency, specialties requested by the consultation, type of equipment used, history of present illness, and differential diagnosis. Data extracted from the consultant's reply were the consultant's diagnosis and recommendations. Subjective questions included the severity of illness and the degree to which telemedicine affected the diagnosis, treatment, or patient status. Results show that physicians in many different specialties employed telemedicine consultations in a wide range of patients and illnesses. Telemedicine consultations significantly affected the diagnosis in 30%, the treatment in 32%, and the overall patient status in 70% of cases.
Agreement of Different Methods for Tissue Based Detection of HER2 Signal in Invasive Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality amongst American women. The HER2 gene encodes a cell surface receptor that affects cell proliferation and has been recognized as a diagnostic factor in treatment selection for invasive breast cancer. Examine accuracy in HER2 detection between manual count, computer assisted, and automated tiling algorithm. 42 randomly selected invasive breast cancer specimens were enumerated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)for HER2 and CEP17 markers using the Vysis HER2 assay (AbbotLaboratory, North Chicago, IL). Specimens were tested using three methods: Manual, computer assisted nuclei selection (Tissue FISH MetaSystems, Newton, MA), and automated enumeration (MetaSystems, Newton, MA). The greatest bias and widest agreement limits for HER2 and CEP17 were seen in Automatic versus Manual, the gold standard. HER2 values greater than 6 possessed the greatest bias and widest agreement limits. CEP17 comparison showed similar bias and agreement limits for each comparison. Kappa values indicated good agreement for all methods although Tissue FISH and Manual possessed better agreement. Higher agreement at lower HER2 & CEP17 count maybe due to fewer chromosomal aberrations, in which selection of field of views has less variation between methods. Alternatively, increased background signals seen in polyploidy may be responsible for the variations in signal count. Manual and Tissue FISH demonstrated good agreement amongst by both Altman Bland and Cohen’s Kappa. While the automatic method has good agreement at lower HER2, the sharp increase in variability at higher HER2 counts illustrates a limitation of the automatic method.
Analyzing Test Performance with the ATPG Model

As we saw in the Introduction and again in Chapter 6, the quality of test sets is an important quantity, but one that is difficult to define and measure. Even if a suitable metric is defined, most existing methods to quantify the metrics fail to provide an acceptable level of statistical significance. In contrast, our method examines the properties of the entire set of one-vector-per-fault test sets. This number can be quite large.
Widespread kelp-derived carbon in pelagic and benthic nearshore fishes suggested by stable isotope analysis

Abstract Kelp forests provide habitat for diverse and abundant fish assemblages, but the extent to which kelp provides a source of energy to fish and other predators is unclear. To examine the use of kelp-derived energy by fishes we estimated the contribution of kelp- and phytoplankton-derived carbon using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes measured in muscle tissue. Benthic-foraging kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) and pelagic-foraging black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) were collected at eight sites spanning ∼35 to 60°N from the California Current (upwelling) to Alaska Coastal Current (downwelling) in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Muscle δ13C values were expected to be higher for fish tissue primarily derived from kelp, a benthic macroalgae, and lower for tissue primarily derived from phytoplankton, pelagic microalgae. Muscle δ13C values were higher in benthic-feeding kelp greenling than in pelagic-feeding black rockfish at seven of eight sites, indicating more kelp-derived carbon in greenling as expected. Estimates of kelp carbon contributions ranged from 36 to 89% in kelp greenling and 32 to 65% in black rockfish using carbon isotope mixing models. Isotopic evidence suggests that these two nearshore fishes routinely derive energy from kelp and phytoplankton, across coastal upwelling and downwelling systems. Thus, the foraging mode of nearshore predators has a small influence on their ultimate energy source as energy produced by benthic macroalgae and pelagic microalgae were incorporated in fish tissue regardless of feeding mode and suggest strong and widespread benthic-pelagic coupling. Widespread kelp contributions to benthic- and pelagic-feeding fishes suggests that kelp energy provides a benefit to nearshore fishes and highlights the potential for kelp and fish production to be linked.
Battery state estimation with a self-evolving electrochemical ageing model

Abstract The parameters for most battery state estimation techniques are usually calibrated during the development stage before vehicle production. However different usages of battery lead to different ageing processes, and end up with different model parameters. As a result, an estimation algorithm based on pre-calibrated parameters may not generate accurate estimates. This paper presents a new advanced methodology to address this challenge. First, we employ a comprehensive electrochemical model for lead acid batteries that were developed recently. The battery model explicitly characterizes the electric and thermal behavior of the battery, as well as the evolution of major battery failure modes. Second, we apply a two-time-scale model-based estimation method, where the micro time-scale algorithm estimates battery SOC and SOH, and the macro time-scale algorithm tracks the changes of the battery being monitored and updates the parameters of the battery model accordingly. The algorithms at both time scales use particle filter, a sequential Monte-Carlo estimation technique. Several datasets based on real vehicle driving profiles are used to validate the proposed algorithms. The experiment results show that the proposed estimation scheme is effective, due to both the careful selection of battery model and the tailored filtering technique.
Commercial complexity and entrepreneurial finance

ABSTRACTThis paper shows that the probability of small business firms obtaining outside financing to support their research and development projects is greater given more complex commercial opportunities – defined as a greater number of different potential applications for a project’s anticipated results – for their innovations. The effects on the probability of outside finance found for other factors are consistent with the earlier findings in the literature about innovative entrepreneurial firms.
Senescence Phenotypes Induced by Ras in Primary Cells

Cellular senescence is defined as a state of stable cell-cycle arrest that is distinct from quiescence and terminal differentiation. Many stimuli can induce senescence, including telomere shortening and oncogene activation. The phenotypes elicited by pro-senescent signals can be heterogeneous depending on the stimulus and the cell type affected. To date, there is not a definitive marker that can ubiquitously and specifically mark all senescent cells. Therefore, several independent markers must be utilized to ascertain the senescent state of a cell or group of cells. Here, we describe common assays used to assess oncogenic Ras-induced senescence.
Transient drift dominated unipolar conduction between coaxial cylinders

When sufficiently high voltages are applied to electrical insulators, electrical breakdown occurs at some time after the voltage is applied. This time delay to breakdown coupled to time of flight measurements of charge carrier mobilities obtained from peaks in the current waveform, provides information on insulation and conduction characteristics of the dielectrics. In addition, the bulk electric field and space charge distributions can be measured using the Kerr electro-optic effect for those dielectrics which become birefringent when stressed by high voltages, such as water1 and nitrobenzene.2 A short circuit analysis applied during the post breakdown period.
The digital “lure”: Small businesses and Pokémon Go:

Most of the discussion about Pokemon Go has focused on the end-user and the playful nature of the game. Experts have mentioned the game’s commercialism, but they have done so mostly by talking about the data collection practices of the app developers. This commentary piece takes a different approach by examining how businesses have used Pokemon Go’s “lures” to attract foot traffic. The main goal of the article is to show how the ludic, digital wayfaring of location-based games can be used by individual places to attract players. While the focus is on business owners, I will also address how game mechanics could also be used to encourage prosocial behaviors such as voting (in noncompulsory voting countries).
A technical note on evaluating the effectiveness of bus rapid transit with transit signal priority

ABSTRACTTransit Signal Priority (TSP) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are innovative Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) tools that can reduce travel times for buses. Combining TSP and BRT can significantly improve bus travel, but can negatively impact network traffic operations. Although TSP has been implemented worldwide, few previous studies holistically examined the effects of using various conditional and unconditional TSP strategies with or without a BRT system. This research simulates multiple TSP and BRT combination scenarios to understand their impact on traffic operations, including crossing street traffic. A test bed along International Drive (I-Drive) in Orlando, Florida, was chosen as the simulation area. Field data collected for this test bed, which included traffic volumes, bus travel times, and traffic signal control data, were used to develop, calibrate, and validate the simulation model. Results showed that BRT with Conditional TSP 3 minutes behind significantly improved travel times, av...
Statistics on Lattice Walks and q-Lassalle Numbers

This paper contains two results. First, I propose a $q$-generalization of a certain sequence of positive integers, related to Catalan numbers, introduced by Zeilberger, see Lassalle (2010). These $q$-integers are palindromic polynomials in $q$ with positive integer coefficients. The positivity depends on the positivity of a certain difference of products of $q$-binomial coefficients. To this end, I introduce a new inversion/major statistics on lattice walks. The difference in $q$-binomial coefficients is then seen as a generating function of weighted walks that remain in the upper half-plan.
A Research Agenda for Social Inclusion in Information Systems

This research agenda for social inclusion in the information systems (IS) field reflects on its emergence and considers the possibilities and pitfalls for future research. This background information will be useful to students and scholars who are interested in conducting social inclusion research, and to readers who are not conducting social inclusion research themselves but who want to support those who do. The publication of this research agenda is also an opportunity to record institutional knowledge about social inclusion research in the information systems field. The focus is on both information systems and technology developers, and on those who use and are affected by information technology. In view of strong voices emerging that would drown out the message of social inclusion, it is all the more important that members of the IS field strengthen their commitment to this research area. In considering social inclusion work going forward, it is important to remember that this research topic is ultimately action-oriented. To resist the forces that would suppress social inclusion in the IT field and in society, it is more important than ever to situate our work "on the ground" so that the real lives of real people will permeate our research. This orientation has implications for the research methods employed as well as for the actions and interventions that follow.
Self-Cohering a Large, Distorted Antenna for Microwave Imaging

A large phased array designed for microwave imaging consists of many independent antenna elements each weighted appropriately to provide the desired radiation pattern, and the weighted outputs are summed to form the system output. The arguments of the weights determine beam direction. The argument is a sensitive function of element location in the array and phase shifts in the circuits of each element receiver channel. Uncompensated position and/or phase errors result in severe image distortion.
On Improvised Music, Computational Creativity and Human-Becoming

Music improvisation is an act of human-becoming: of self-expression—an articulation of histories and memories that have molded its participants—and of exploration—a search for unimagined structures...
Optimal Beamforming Design for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Sustainable Cloud-RAN

In this paper, a joint beamforming design for energy-throughput tradeoff is investigated in a sustainable cloud radio access network, where multiple remote radio heads powered by independent renewable energy sources collaboratively transmit wireless information and energy to the data receiver and the energy receiver simultaneously. To explore the optimal joint beamforming design for both time-invariant and time-varying channels, first, optimization problems are formulated to maximize the throughput of the data receiver while charging the energy receiver with sufficient radio-frequency energy over a finite time horizon. Then, the formulated non-convex optimization problems are relaxed into a convex form and shown to be upper bounded by the optimal value of the relaxed problem. This upper bound can be further proved to be tight as the optimal solution to the relaxed problem is rank one. Moreover, motivated by the derived optimal solution, an efficient online joint beamforming algorithm is proposed for practical implementation. Finally, extensive simulations are performed to verify the superiority of the proposed joint beamforming strategies to other beamforming designs.
America's Elderly.

The older population in the US has grown twice as fast as the rest of the population in the last 20 years. This growth is expected to accelerate early in the next century as the large baby boom cohorts move through middle age and become elderly. Today, about 1 in 8 Americans is 65 years of age or older. By 2030, 1 out of every 4 persons will be in older person. Substantial improvements in life expectancy at all ages, particularly at extreme old age, mean that not only will there be a greater proportion of elderly in the population, but the more will be the "oldest-old," over 85. By 2050, they will be more than 1/4 of the population. As people live longer, many are active and healthy well past retirement. However, many individuals living into their 80s have to cope with chronic disabilities affecting their capacity to perform day-to-day activities. Modern medicine has made great inroads against mortality from such illnesses as heart disease and stroke, but has not eliminated all the effects of these diseases. As the population ages, the issues of health care funding and availability, particularly long-term care, increase in importance. Contrary to widespread belief, the elderly are not abandoned by their families to nursing home care. The vast majority--95%--live in the community. Those needing assistance generally receive help from family and friends. This has created a tremendous demand for federal subsidies to support community-based long-term care services. 1/4 of the federal budget is now spent on the elderly--$270 billion in 1986. Medicaid and Medicare are among the government's success stories, but these programs are threatened by their very success. Economists estimate that government expenditures are 3 times greater for the elderly than for children, raising the issue of "intergenerational equity"--how to balance the amount of care society provides to those who have already contributed with what is provided to those who will contribute in the future. The view that the young and old simply compete for fixed resources is misleading. It ignores the interdependence among generations, and the burdens and benefits of intergenerational transfers at all stages of the life course.
On beyond Sudoku: pencil puzzles across CS

As the puzzle known as Sudoku became widespread in the US, it became a popular way to teach backtracking search since it requires little explanation to most students. However, there are many other types of pencil puzzles that can be used as domains for this problem as well as others. By using different puzzle types, the level of difficulty can be varied, the novelty factor can be maintained over time, and a wider variety of assignments in different courses can be created. This paper describes several puzzle-based assignments that have been given in different courses as well as possibilities for even more. Beyond simply suggesting that these particular puzzles can be used for these topics, we propose that investigating the wide variety of puzzle types in existence can be a fruitful and customizable platform for teaching many different topics.
Use of introgression lines and zonal mapping to identify RAPD markers linked to QTL

RAPD primers were identified as giving parent-specific bands when screened with a set of introgression lines containing introgressed regions of Lycopersicon pennellii that encompass 5 quantitative trait loci affiliated with the production and composition of acylsugars, compounds associated with insect resistance. Primers giving L. pennellii introgression specific bands were zonally mapped to identify bands affiliated with the quantitative trait target and flanking regions using subsets of 7 to 16 F2 individuals which contained small overlapping segments (zones) of the L. pennellii genome spanning those regions. Seventeen RAPD primers, agt-related primers, and an agt clone were then used in mapping the complete F2 population of 144 individuals. This work resulted in the identification of RAPD markers for three of the 5 quantitative trait loci and the construction of an integrated RAPD/RFLP genomic map for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum x L. pennellii LA716) of 111 RAPD and 8 acylglucose transferase related markers added to a framework map of 150 RFLP markers.
Restoration Within Protected Areas: When and How to Intervene to Manage Plant Invasions?

Despite the on-going efforts to set aside land for conservation, biodiversity is increasingly being threatened by factors such as invasive alien species that do not recognise these boundaries. Invasive species management programmes are widely incorporated into protected area management plans; however, the success of these programmes hinges on the ability to identify when a system will be able to recover after invader control and eradication efforts and when further intervention will be necessary to aide recovery. Invasive alien plants can alter ecosystem attributes to produce strong legacy effects that prevent the recovery of a system. Here we provide a framework for how to identify and incorporate recovery constraints into restoration efforts. Identifying recovery constraints can help improve how ecological theory – assembly rules, ecological succession, and threshold dynamics – can be used to guide restoration efforts.
Flooding-limited thermal mixing : the case of high Froude number injection

In this paper stratification in the cold leg due to high-pressure injection in a stagnated loop of a pressurized water reactor is considered. The working hypothesis is that at high injection Froude numbers, the extent of mixing approaches a limit controlled only by the flooding condition at the cold-leg exit. Experimental data available support this hypothesis. Predictions for reactor conditions indicate a stratification of {approximately} 40{degrees}C. As a consequence, the downcomer plume would be rather weak (with a low Froude number) and would be expected to decay quickly.
Vascular Rings and Slings

Vascular rings and slings are abnormal formations of the great vessels which completely or partially encircle the trachea and/or esophagus is a vascular ring. Vascular rings are a rare occurrence and account for 1–2 % of all congenital heart defects.
The permanent electric dipole moments of the X3Δ, E3Π, A3Φ and B3Π states of titanium monoxide, TiO

Abstract The optical Stark spectrum of the origin bands of the E 3 Π 0 – X 3 Δ 1 , A 3 Φ 2 – X 3 Δ 1 , and B 3 Π 0 – X 3 Δ 1 electronic transitions of titanium monoxide, TiO, were analyzed to produce permanent electric dipole moments of 3.34(1), 3.2(4), 4.89(5) and 4.9(2) D for the X 3 Δ 1 , E 3 Π 0 , A 3 Φ 2 and B 3 Π 0 states, respectively. The observations are compared with a simple molecular orbital description for the low-lying states and electronic structure calculations.
Understanding WASP-12b

The orbital period of the hot Jupiter WASP-12b is apparently changing. We study whether this reflects orbital decay due to tidal dissipation in the star, or apsidal precession of a slightly eccentric orbit. In the latter case, a third body or other perturbation would be needed to sustain the eccentricity against tidal dissipation in the planet itself. We have analyzed several such perturbative scenarios, but none is satisfactory. Most likely therefore, the orbit really is decaying. If this is due to a dynamical tide, then WASP-12 should be a subgiant without a convective core as Weinberg et al. (2017) have suggested. We have modeled the star with the MESA code. While no model fits all of the observational constraints, including the luminosity implied by the GAIA DR2 distance, main-sequence models are less discrepant than subgiant ones.
Social Media’s Influence on Parents’ Decision-Making Process of Child Vaccinations

Background : This study examined parent perceptions towards child vaccinations, and sources used leading to inoculation decisions. Methods : A survey was electronically dispersed to parents to examine their perceptions of vaccinations, what source they used to form their decisions, and whether or not they have their children vaccinated. Results : Significant differences on perceptions about vaccinations, those who followed the recommended vaccination schedule, and what sources of information they used were found. There was a significant relationship between parents who ranked using social media as their primary source and reports that they did not, or will not, vaccinate their children. Conclusions : Where parents obtain health-related information was shown to be a significant factor on vaccine perceptions and whether children were inoculated or not.
Graduate studies in acoustics at the University of New Hampshire

The University of New Hampshire (UNH) offers several opportunities for graduate students interested in studying acoustics and its application. Faculty mentors who are expert in acoustic methods and technologies reside in a range of programs and departments that are largely focused on the use of acoustics in the marine environment, including biological science, earth science, mechanical engineering, natural resources and earth systems, ocean engineering, and oceanography. UNH faculty mentors who specialize in acoustics are active in the Animal Bioacoustics, Acoustical Oceanography, and Underwater Acoustics technical committees. Recent studies by faculty and students focusing on fundamental acoustic problems, such as those that would cause a graduate student to be a regular attendee of meetings of the Acoustical Society of America, have come largely from mechanical engineering, ocean engineering, biological sciences, and the newly formed School of Marine Sciences and Ocean Engineering. Graduate students in these programs of study have the opportunity for formal classroom training in the fundamentals of acoustics, vibrations, and advanced topics in acoustics as they pursue their graduate training.
A Posteriori Error Estimation and Adaptive Discretization Refinement Using Adjoint Methods in CEM: A Study With a 1-D Higher Order FEM Scattering Example

This study investigates and evaluates applications of the adjoint problem and its solution in frequency-domain computational electromagnetics (CEM). The study establishes and validates adjoint-based applications including higher order parameter sampling, a posteriori error estimate evaluation, and $p$ - and $h$ -refinements. These applications can improve the efficiency, automation, and robustness of CEM methods. We employ a 1-D finite-element-method scattering solver, simplifying the implementation, replicability, clarity, and intuitiveness of analysis results and conclusions, which then extend naturally to higher dimensional solvers and more complicated CEM problems. While demonstrated with a higher order solver, the derived techniques apply to low-order methodology as well. This is the first demonstration of the applicability of adjoint-based a posteriori error estimation techniques to adaptive discretization refinement in frequency-domain CEM with arbitrary-order basis functions. This work introduces the application of dual-weighted residual error estimation and selective adaptivity based on error cancellation. The proposed targeted, adaptive mesh/model $p$ - and/or $h$ -refinement heuristics informed by adjoint element-wise error contribution estimates show near-monotonic reduction of the quantity-of-interest error with increased numbers of refined elements. In general, adjoint techniques are underutilized in CEM, and another goal of this work is to promote their future use for refinement, optimization, and uncertainty quantification.
Reproduction and age structure of the Plains Killifish Fundulus zebrinus from two tributaries of the upper Red River, Texas

Plains Killifish Fundulus zebrinus (subgenus Plancterus) is native to river basins in Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. Original descriptions of Plains Killifish life history information are now applicable to the sister taxon Northern Plains Killifish Fundulus kansae following recognition of the 2 species in 2001. Study objectives were to quantify (1) length of the reproductive season, using the gonadosomatic index and categories of gonadal maturation, (2) batch fecundity, and (3) number of age groups for Plains Killifish taken from 2 rivers within the upper Red River basin of Texas. Reproductive season was from March through September, with the production of multiple batches and a maximum batch of 131 mature oocytes. Plains Killifish were sexually mature at age 1 and had an estimated life span of 2–3 years. Reproductive season, production of multiple batches, and age of Plains Killifish were similar to those reported for Northern Plains Killifish and 2 other closely related subgenera, Wileyichthys and Zygonectes. These similarities suggest strong trait conservatism among a monophyletic group of fundulids that inhabit a diversity of freshwater and saltwater environments in western shallow bays and salt marshes, southwestern arid and prairie streams, and eastern low-gradient streams of North America.
Acute Arthrodesis of Ipsilateral Pilon and Talus Fracture: A Case Report.

CASE We report a unique case of an ipsilateral distal tibia pilon fracture and talar body after motor vehicle collision. Our patient was successfully treated with acute arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint, with return to good function 1-year after surgery. CONCLUSION Pilon and talus fractures are complex injuries. They require specialized surgical care, are complicated by loss of function, continued pain, and lead to subsequent reconstructive procedures such as arthrodesis or arthroplasty. In the presence of concomitant pilon and talus fractures, acute arthrodesis can yield good results and return to function.
Utilization of opioid versus non-opioid analgesics in Medicaid and CHIP enrolled children with current asthma.

PURPOSE Opioid analgesics are frequently dispensed in children despite its known risk in children with a compromised airway function. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of opioid analgesic dispensing in children with current asthma and to identify patient and prescriber factors associated with the dispensing of opioid versus non-opioid analgesics. METHODS Children <18 years of age, having current asthma and receiving an incident analgesic prescription were identified from a large Medicaid Managed Care Plan during years 2013 through 2018. Current asthma was defined as both receiving an asthma diagnosis and filling an anti-asthmatic medication during the 12-month period prior to the analgesic medication initiation. A scoring algorithm was applied to associate analgesic prescription with procedures and diagnoses according to perceived need for analgesia and time proximity. RESULTS Of the 9529 children meeting the inclusion criteria, 2681 (28.1%) received an opioid prescription. Opioid analgesic dispensing was most common among children who had an outpatient surgery/procedure (29.4%), trauma (19.4%) dental procedure (18.4%), and respiratory infection (10.6%). Multivariable analysis indicated that non-Hispanic Black (AOR: 0.39[0.3-0.5]) and Hispanic (AOR: 0.51[0.4-0.6]) children were less likely to receive an opioid analgesic compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Children with prior history of asthma-related emergency department visit (AOR: 1.24[1.0-1.5]) and short acting beta agonist overuse (AOR: 1.33[1.1-1.7]) were more likely to fill an opioid analgesic prescription than those without. CONCLUSION Opioid analgesics are frequently dispensed to children with asthma. A higher dispensing rate was observed among non-Hispanic White children and among those with a history of uncontrolled asthma.
Change Point Detection

In situ TEM and other dynamic imaging instruments alter the landscape of materials science and engineering. The unique and unprecedented ability to observe the transformation of nanoscale objects as it occurs is unparalleled in comparison to other material characterization methods, and is of tremendous value to material scientists and engineers who study matter at nanoscale dimensions. One important task in such effort is to detect changes in the evolving nano objects, typically associated with their morphological features, i.e., size and shape. The changes to be detected are the significant ones that cannot be explained by random fluctuation and should be associated with assignable causes. These significant change points are believed to delineate an evolution process of nano objects. In other words, the governing dynamics or evolution mechanisms, before and after a change point, are supposed to differ. It is of interest to detect both size change and shape change in nano objects. After laying out some basic knowledge about change point detection in Sect. 9.1, the rest of the chapter presents a method for detecting size-only changes in Sect. 9.2 and a second method for detecting both size and shape changes in Sects. 9.3 and 9.4.
Exercise-Induced Orgasm and Its Association with Sleep Orgasms and Orgasms During Partnered Sex: Findings From a U.S. Probability Survey.

Prior research has described women’s experiences with exercise-induced orgasm (EIO). However, little is known about men’s experiences with EIO, the population prevalence of EIO, or the association of EIO with other kinds of orgasm. Using U.S. probability survey data, the objectives of the present research were to: (1) describe the lifetime prevalence of exercise-induced orgasm (EIO) and sleep orgasm; (2) assess respondents’ age at first experience of EIO as well as the type of exercise connected with their first EIO; (3) examine associations between lifetime EIO experience and orgasm at respondents’ most recent partnered sexual event; and (4) examine associations between lifetime EIO experience and sleep orgasms. Data were from the 2014 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (1012 men and 1083 women, ages 14 years and older). About 9% of respondents reported having ever experienced exercise-induced orgasm. More men than women reported having experienced orgasm during sleep at least once in their lifetime (66.3% men, 41.8% women). The mean age for women’s first EIO was significantly older than men (22.8 years women, 16.8 years men). Respondents described a wide range of exercises as associated with their first EIO (i.e., climbing ropes, abdominal exercise, yoga). Lifetime EIO experience was associated with lifetime sleep orgasms but not with event-level orgasm during partnered sex. Implications related to understanding orgasm and recommendations for clinicians and sex educators are discussed.
We Are (Not) the Virus: Competing Online Discourses of Human-Environment Interaction in the Era of COVID-19

Previous research has found that social media may be a particularly influential means of circulating ideologies about climate justice. In this article, we analyze social media discourses of univers...
Hepatitis C Virus and Chronic Liver Disease

This chapter focuses on disease burden and the natural history of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and highlights recent advances in therapy. Hepatitis C is the indication for an increasing proportion of liver transplants in the United States, accounting for 36% of all transplants in 1999. A study of anti-HCV-positive adolescents and young adults (mean age of 19.8 years) who had received blood transfusions as infants or young children showed that less than 60% had persistent infection. Of 17 patients who underwent liver biopsies, only two had portal fibrosis; both patients also had congestive heart failure. One recent review of published studies that evaluated progression to cirrhosis in cohorts of hepatitis C patients defined four categories based on how patients were recruited: cross-sectional studies of patients seen in referral practices; longitudinal studies of patients with posttransfusion hepatitis; case series of blood donors found at the time of screening to be anti-HCV positive; and community-based cohorts. Considerable advances in the treatment of hepatitis C have been made over the past several years. At the time of 1997 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference, the recommended therapy of a 48-week course of interferon alpha three times a week resulted in a sustained virological response (SVR) of 12 to 16%. With optimal therapy of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, patients infected with genotype 1 have lower response rates (40 to 45%) than patients infected with genotype 2 or 3 (approximately 80%).
Reliability of Dilatometer Tests in the Determination of the Modulus of Deformation of a Jointed Rock Mass

The available results from radial jacking and dilatometer tests are inadequate for the proper assessment and comparison of the reliability of these test procedures. In order to arrive at a rational evaluation of such tests, a computer program was devised to simulate a jointed rock mass, and sets of test data were then developed by performing (that is, mathematically simulating) a series of dilatometer tests at various locations within the rock mass. The computations indicate that dilatometer tests may provide a more reliable estimate of the mass modulus at a much lower cost than two or three radial jacking tests, provided that the orientation of both tests are the same. Curves are presented to facilitate estimation of the minimum number of tests required, in terms of average joint frequency and modulus reduction factor (MRF). Further, it is shown that the discrepancy between small and large scale tests may be due largely to the difference in orientation between tests and improper statistical inference therefrom.
The Algebra of Elimination

Elimination with only the necessary row exchanges will produce the triangular factorization A = LPU, with the (unique) permutation P in the middle. The entries in L are reordered in comparison with the more familiar \(A={\widehat{P}\widehat{L}\widehat{U}}\) (where \({\widehat{P}}\) is not unique). Elimination with three other starting points 1, n and n, n and n, 1 produces three more factorizations of A, including the Wiener–Hopf form UPL and Bruhat’s \(U_1\,\pi\,U_2\) with two upper triangular factors.
Chloroplast and Cytoplasmic Ribosomes of Euglena: Selective Binding of Dihydrostreptomycin to Chloroplast Ribosomes

Dihydrostreptomycin binds preferentially to chloroplast ribosomes of wild-type Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Pringsheim. The Kdiss for the wild-type chloroplast ribosome-dihydrostreptomycin complex is 2 × 10−7 M, a value comparable with that found for the Escherichia coli ribosome-dihydrostreptomycin complex. Chloroplast ribosomes isolated from the streptomycin-resistant mutant Sm1rBNgL and cytoplasmic ribosomes from wild-type have a much lower affinity for the antibiotic. The Kdiss for the chloroplast ribosome-dihydrostreptomycin complex of Sm1r is 387 × 10−7 M, and the value for the cytoplasmic ribosome-dihydrostreptomycin complex of the wild type is 1,400 × 10−7 M. Streptomycin competes with dihydrostreptomycin for the chloroplast ribosome binding site, and preincubation of streptomycin with hydroxylamine prevents the binding of streptomycin to the chloroplast ribosome. These results indicate that the inhibition of chloroplast development and replication in Euglena by streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin is related to the specific inhibition of protein synthesis on the chloroplast ribosomes of Euglena.
Argos: a framework for automatically generating data processing workflows

Demo. We demonstrate Argos, a framework to automatically generate data processing workflows. First, we show how to assign formal semantics to data and operations using to a domain ontology. Specifically, we define data contents using relational descriptions in an expressive logic. Second, we show a novel planner that uses relational subsumption to connect the output of a data processing operation with the input of another. Our modeling methodology has the significant advantage that the planner can automatically insert adaptor operations wherever necessary to bridge the inputs and outputs of operations in the workflow. We have implemented the approach in a transportation modeling domain.
Q-parametrization for unstable plants: an interpolation approach

This paper deals with a tangential interpolation problem which arises in the Q-parametrization of stabilizing controllers for unstable plants. The authors give a fast, recursive algorithm to compute the so-called generating system that can be used to parametrize all stable rational interpolants. The authors' method is based on a displacement structure approach.
The Effects of College Cost and Financial AID in Germany

Over the last decades, educational research in Europe has paid little attention to the costs of higher education and how they affect students’ decisions on whether to enroll in higher education. Researchers and policy makers seem to assume that the costs of a college degree play a minor role in enrollment decisions, and that other factors such as information and academic preparation are more important explanations for why some high school graduates enroll in higher education and some do not (e.g. Winter et al., 2010). The situation is very different in the U.S. and other countries discussed in this volume where the effects of college costs have been a prominent and well-researched issue for many years (e.g. Leslie & Brinkmann, 1987; Heller, 1997).