cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Chemical and Refractive Index Sensing in the 1–2.5 μm Near-Infrared Wavelength Range on Nanoporous Gold Disks

Near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy provides molecular and chemical information based on overtones and combination bands of the fundamental vibrational modes in the infrared wavelengths. However, the sensitivity of NIR absorption measurement is limited by the generally weak absorption and the relatively poor detector performance compared to other wavelength ranges. To overcome these barriers, we have developed a novel technique to simultaneously obtain chemical and refractive index sensing in 1–2.5 μm NIR wavelength range on nanoporous gold (NPG) disks, which feature high-density plasmonic hot-spots of localized electric field enhancement. For the first time, surface-enhanced near-infrared absorption (SENIRA) spectroscopy has been demonstrated for high sensitivity chemical detection. With a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octadecanethiol (ODT), an enhancement factor (EF) of up to ∼104 has been demonstrated for the first C–H combination band at 2400 nm using NPG disk with 600 nm diameter. Togethe...
Characterization of Pyromark 2500 for High-Temperature Solar Receivers

Pyromark 2500 is a silicone-based high-temperature paint that has been used on central receivers to increase solar absorptance. The cost, application, curing methods, radiative properties, and absorber efficiency of Pyromark 2500 are presented in this paper for use as a baseline for comparison to high-temperature solar selective absorber coatings currently being developed. The directional solar absorptance was calculated from directional spectral absorptance data, and values for pristine samples of Pyromark 2500 were as high as 0.96–0.97 at near normal incidence angles. At higher irradiance angles (>40°–60°), the solar absorptance decreased. The total hemispherical emittance of Pyromark 2500 was calculated from spectral directional emittance data measured at room temperature and 600°C. The total hemispherical emittance values ranged from ∼0.80–0.89 at surface temperatures ranging from 100°C – 1,000°C. The aging and degradation of Pyromark 2500 with exposure at elevated temperatures were also examined. Previous tests showed that solar receiver panels had to be repainted after three years due to a decrease in solar absorptance to 0.88 at the Solar One central receiver pilot plant. Laboratory studies also showed that exposure of Pyromark 2500 at high temperatures (750°C and higher) resulted in significant decreases in solar absorptance within a few days. However, at 650°C and below, the solar absorptance did not decrease appreciably after several thousand hours of testing. Finally, the absorber efficiency of Pyromark 2500 was determined as a function of temperature and irradiance using the calculated solar absorptance and emittance values presented in this paper.© 2012 ASME
Improved Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis in 3D Bioprinted Tissue Scaffolds with Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation.

3D printing and ultrasound techniques are showing great promise in the evolution of human musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration medicine. The uniqueness of the present study was to combine low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and advanced 3D printing techniques to synergistically improve growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Specifically, polyethylene glycol diacrylate bioinks containing cell adhesive Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid-Serene (RGDS) peptide and/or nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) were used to fabricate 3D scaffolds with different geometric patterns via novel table-top stereolithography 3D printer. The resultant scaffolds provide a highly porous and interconnected 3D environment to support cell proliferation. Scaffolds with small square pores were determined to be the optimal geometric pattern for MSC attachment and growth. The optimal LIPUS working parameters were determined to be 1.5 MHz, 20% duty cycle with 150 mW/cm2 intensity. Results demonstrated that RGDS peptide and nHA containing 3D printed scaffolds under LIPUS treatment can greatly promote MSC proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition and total protein content. These results illustrate the effectiveness of the combination of LIPUS and biomimetic 3D printing scaffolds as a valuable combinatorial tool for improved MSC function, thus make them promising for future clinical and various regenerative medicine application.
V(D)J recombination movesin vitro

Substantial progress has been made recently in the study of the mechanism of V(D)J recombination, prompted in large part by the development of an in-vitro system for performing the DNA cleavage portion of the reaction. It is now clear that the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins play a direct role in DNA recognition and cleavage and that both RAG proteins are required for the nicking and strand transfer steps of the cleavage reaction. The heptamer of the recombination signal is critical for precise and efficient targeting of cleavage. In contrast, the nonamer plays an important role in initial sequence specific DNA binding and is contacted directly by RAG1. In-vitro systems have been established that perform cleavage at endogenous antigen receptor loci in intact nuclei, or that perform the complete recombination reaction, suggesting that progress in the field will continue at its current rapid pace.
Multivariate Data Preparation and Plotting

Many types of data plots exist for exploring geohydrologic and other scientific data. Several types will be shown and described in the next sections.
Multidimensional Control of Cas9 by Evolved RNA Polymerase-Based Biosensors

Systems to control Cas9 with spatial and temporal precision offer opportunities to decrease side effects, protect sensitive tissues, and create gene therapies that are only activated at defined times and places. Here, we present the design of new Cas9 controllers based on RNA polymerase (RNAP)-based biosensors that produce gRNAs, thereby regulating target knockout. After development and validation of a new abscisic acid-inducible biosensor to control Cas9, we lowered the background of the system using continuous evolution. To showcase the versatility of the approach, we designed biosensors that measure medically relevant protein–protein interactions to drive knockout. Finally, to test whether orthogonal RNAP biosensors could integrate multiple input signals to drive multiple gRNA-based outputs with a single Cas9 protein, we designed an “on-switch/off switch” controller. The addition of one input activates the “on switch” and induces knockout, while the addition of a second input activates the “off switch”...
Particle tracking acceleration via signed distance fields in direct-accelerated geometry Monte Carlo

Abstract Computer-aided design (CAD)-based Monte Carlo radiation transport is of value to the nuclear engineering community for its ability to conduct transport on high-fidelity models of nuclear systems, but it is more computationally expensive than native geometry representations. This work describes the adaptation of a rendering data structure, the signed distance field, as a geometric query tool for accelerating CAD-based transport in the direct-accelerated geometry Monte Carlo toolkit. Demonstrations of its effectiveness are shown for several problems. The beginnings of a predictive model for the data structure's utilization based on various problem parameters is also introduced.
Long-term Adverse Events Associated With Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of hospital-admitted patients and is associated with in-hospital mortality of 50% in patients requiring renal replacement therapy. Recently, multiple observational studies have demonstrated that patients who survive AKI have significant long-term consequences including cardiovascular events, progression to advanced-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), and mortality. A direct link between AKI and CKD is provided by studies that demonstrate that some patients with normal renal function who develop AKI requiring dialysis never recover. In addition, in a large pediatric AKI population, 10% of the cohort developed CKD within 1 to 3 years. In a systemic review and meta-analysis in which 13 cohort studies were analyzed, patients with AKI had a hazard ratio (HR) of 8.8 for developing CKD, HR of 3.1 of developing end-stage kidney disease, and HR of 2.0 for mortality. AKI was also independently associated with risk for cardiovascular disease and congestive heart failure. These studies indicate that AKI is associated with important, long-term consequences and that AKI has become an important contributor to the end-stage kidney disease population. Prospective ongoing studies will better define the cause–effect relationship and delineate potential biomarkers that would identify AKI patients at risk for CKD, cardiovascular events, and mortality.
Targeting HDAC3 Activity with RGFP966 Protects Against Retinal Ganglion Cell Nuclear Atrophy and Apoptosis After Optic Nerve Injury

Abstract Purpose: HDAC3 regulates nuclear atrophy as an early response to axonal injury in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following optic nerve crush (ONC). Since conditional knockout of Hdac3 preve...
Navigating the regionalism–public choice divide in regional studies

While city-regions take on increasingly important social and economic roles, analytical perspectives on their political boundaries remain fragmentary. This paper considers the evolving debates over...
Experiences and Perspectives About Breastfeeding in “Public”: A Qualitative Exploration Among Normal-Weight and Obese Mothers:

Background:Women face societal and cultural barriers to breastfeeding. These challenges have been investigated in international studies and U.S. public opinion polls; however, mothers’ experiences ...
Synthesis of diphtheria toxin in E. coli cell-free lysate.

Abstract An E. coli cell-free lysate was used to translate C. diphtheriae RNA from nontoxinogenic C7(−), C7 infected with β tox+ corynebacteriophage, and C. diphtheriae strain PW8. De novo synthesis of toxin was detected by immune precipitation with antitoxin, ADP-ribosylation of mammalian elongation factor 2 and rabbit skin test. The results indicated that toxin is produced in the E. coli protein synthesizing system primed with RNA from cells infected with tox+ bacteriophage and is absent in systems primed with RNA from C7(−) cells.
Two forms of a structural lipoprotein in the envelope of Escherichia coli. Further characterization of the free form.

Abstract A major envelope protein of Escherichia coli was previously found to exist in two different forms in the cell envelope: the free form and the bound form which is covalently linked to the peptidoglycan. Chemical properties of the free form were further investigated and compared with those of the bound form. The envelope fraction labeled with both [14C]palmitic acid and [3H]arginine was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after removal of phospholipid by extensive extraction with the mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1). The palmitic acid content of the free form was found to be identical with that of the bound form on the basis of their arginine contents. As in the case of the bound form, palmitic acid was released from the free form by both alkali and acid hydrolysis. This suggests that palmitic acid attaches to the free form by both ester and amide linkages. It was also found that the free form contained neither diaminopimelic acid nor glucosamine. Preliminary purification of the free form of the lipoprotein is also reported.
Clinical Interventions to Empower Older Women

Older women face a number of unique challenges with regard to obtaining effective interventions for mental health disorders. For instance, the interaction of negative stereotypes and discrimination create inequities in access to health care and other resources. From a biopsychosocial perspective, multiple factors influence the development of mental health issues among older women (e.g., developmental, physical, psychological, and social factors), and the literature in this area points to particularly high rates of mental health disorders, such as depression, among older women. From a feminist perspective, we argue that discrimination and negative stereotypes play a salient role in increasing older women’s risk for suffering from depression in particular. Research on neurocognitive decline in older adults points to depression as a specific risk factor. As such, it is imperative to understand the ways in which older women can overcome barriers to obtaining relief from mental health issues through treatment or other nonclinical means throughout the lifespan.
Prediction of Projectile Impact Point using Approximate Statistical Moments

In this paper, trajectory and hit point prediction of a projectile is studied. Projectiles are subject to environmental noise such as wind effect and measurement noise. In addition, mathematical models of projectiles contain a large number of important states that should be taken into account for having a realistic prediction. Furthermore, dynamics of projectiles contain nonlinear functions such as monomials and sine functions. To address all these issues we formulate a stochastic model for the projectile. We showed that with a set of transformations projectile dynamics only contains nonlinearities of the form of monomials. In the next step, we derived approximate moment dynamics of this system using mean-field approximation. Our method still suffers from the size of the system. To address this problem we selected a subset of first- and second-order statistical moments and we showed that they give reliable approximations of the mean and standard deviation of the impact point for a real projectile.
Fighting spirit expressed by women with breast cancer in professional-and peer-led online support groups: effects on outcomes.

Objective Does fighting spirit reduce depression in women with breast cancer (BC)? Methods Unlike previous studies using questionnaires, we assessed fighting spirit by analyzing interaction in BC support groups. Three online groups were studied: synchronous professionally led groups (Life Beyond Cancer), asynchronous professionallyled groups (Bosom Buddies) and asynchronous peer-led bulletin board groups (Peer Bulletin Boards). The samples were predominantly Caucasian, married, highly educated, and had early stage cancer. We used a content analysis program, DTSearch, to measure fighting words expressed in the groups. Linear regression was used to examine the relation between fighting words and follow-up depression, controlling for baseline depression and total word count. We also compared samples on the number of fight words expressed. Results We found that viewing their cancer as a fight or battle would result in lowered depression was disconfirmed in all samples. The peer groups had twice as many fight words compared to professionally led groups. Conclusion Previous studies as well as the current one strongly support the null hypothesis. Our finding based on a behavioral measure of fighting spirit does add to previous studies results. Unfortunately the common lay perspective for cancer sufferers is that not having fighting spirit would mean a psychological incapacity. The message is that "brave and good people defeat cancer and that cowardly and undeserving people allow it to kill them". This view can create guilt, self flagellation and stress in woman already facing a difficult disease.
Reduction pathways of organohalogen compounds

Abstract The voltammetric reduction behaviors of 12 chlorinated benzenes have been examined in dimethylsulfoxide. Accurate and reproducible reduction potentials were obtained for overlapping reduction peaks by using interrupted sweep voltammetry. Controlled-potential electrolysis and subsequent gas chromatographic product analysis were performed to verify the reduction pathways predicted by the voltammetric reduction potentials.
Blue Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) has been extensively used in ultrasensitive electroanalysis because it can be generated electrochemically without using expensive optics and light sources. Visible ECL emission can be obtained with a reasonable quantum yield and stability. Blue ECL is rare and often suffers from stability and poor quantum efficiency. Blue ECL emission at 473 nm from organometallic halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), CH3NH3PbCl1.08Br1.92, is reported here for the first time using tripropylamine (TPrA) as co-reactant. The blue ECL emission peak resembles its photoluminescence peak position. In addition to this blue emission peak, the ECL spectra of CH3NH3PbCl1.08Br1.92 PNCs also showed a broad ECL peak at 745 nm. Generation of the second ECL peak at 745 nm from CH3NH3PbCl1.08Br1.92 PNCs was can be explained by the existence of surface trap states on as-synthesized PNC due to incomplete surface passivation. Halide anion tunability of ECL emission from CH3NH3PbX3 (X: Cl, Br, I) PNCs is also demonstrated. The fluorescence microscopy image of single PNC and stability of selected single PNCs are presented in this with simultaneous acquisition of fluorescence spectra using 405-nm laser excitation. The photoluminescence (PL) decay was described by PL lifetime (τ) of 1.2 ns. The effect of the addition of surfactants (oleic acid and n-octylamine) on the fluorescence intensity and stability of CH3NH3PbCl1.08Br1.92 PNCs is also discussed.
Hole Identification and Filling in $k$ -Times Extended Co-Prime Arrays for Highly Efficient DOA Estimation

Among various sparse array techniques, co-prime array is found to be more attractive because of its higher DoF with a smaller number of sensing elements. Generally, a co-prime array with $ O(N)$ sensors can offer $ O(N^{2})$ number of DoFs by exploiting the difference co-array that can be obtained from the second-order statistics of received signals. However, the number of achievable DoFs of co-prime arrays is significantly smaller than expected due to the existence of “holes” in the difference co-array. In this paper, we make three major contributions to co-prime arrays. We first introduce a $k$ -times extended co-prime configuration that can achieve lager number of DoFs and higher flexibility in array configurations, and the later helps better meet different application needs. Second, based on our $k$ -times extended geometry, we uncover the mysterious veil of the holes in the difference co-arrays. We find several general rules of the locations of holes and derive the close-form expressions of the exact locations of all holes in the difference co-arrays of different co-prime array structures. Finally, we propose a specific array structure called complementary sub-array that can fill all of holes existing in the difference co-array. Compared with the traditional hole-existing co-prime arrays, our $k$ -times complementary co-prime array has either similar number of sensors and DoFs with much smaller array aperture required, or much higher DoFs with the same aperture.
Midisuperspace Models: Black Hole Collapse

Inhomogeneous models of various kinds provide important steps toward the full theory, adding the issue of infinitely many degrees of freedom. The simplest inhomogenous model is that of spherical symmetry, which provides interesting ways to test the formalism as well as applications in the context of black holes. In the vacuum case the model has a finite number of dynamical degrees of freedom, but the infinitely many kinematical ones already allow one to test field theoretic aspects.
PKHD1L1 is a coat protein of hair-cell stereocilia and is required for normal hearing.

The bundle of stereocilia on inner ear hair cells responds to subnanometer deflections produced by sound or head movement. Stereocilia are interconnected by a variety of links and also carry an electron-dense surface coat. The coat may contribute to stereocilia adhesion or protect from stereocilia fusion, but its molecular identity remains unknown. From a database of hair-cell-enriched translated proteins, we identify Polycystic Kidney and Hepatic Disease 1-Like 1 (PKHD1L1), a large, mostly extracellular protein of 4249 amino acids with a single transmembrane domain. Using serial immunogold scanning electron microscopy, we show that PKHD1L1 is expressed at the tips of stereocilia, especially in the high-frequency regions of the cochlea. PKHD1L1-deficient mice lack the surface coat at the upper but not lower regions of stereocilia, and they develop progressive hearing loss. We conclude that PKHD1L1 is a component of the surface coat and is required for normal hearing in mice. There is little known about the function or molecular identity of the electron-dense stereocilia coat, which is transiently present at the surface of stereocilia. In this study authors screened a database of hair-cell-enriched translated proteins to identify the expression of Polycystic Kidney and Hepatic Disease 1-Like 1 (PKHD1L1), a large, mostly extracellular protein, and show that it forms the coat at the tips of stereocilia and is required for normal hearing in mice
Multi-modal Image Prediction via Spatial Hybrid U-Net

Cortical folding patterns and white matter connectivity together compose the structural organization of human brain. Gray matter and gyrification describe the geometric characteristic of cortical surface and the wiring of white matter represents the structural pathway inside the brain. Many studies suggest that there exists a close relationship between gray matter and white matter. However, given the widely existing variability and complexity of brain structures, it is still largely unknown to what extent white matter wiring can influence gray matter and folding patterns. As an attempt to discover the potential relationship between gray matter and white matter, in this work we developed a novel spatial hybrid U-Net framework for multi-modal image prediction: we are aiming to predict T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data. Specifically, when predicting local intensity for T1 data, we constructed a hybrid model to integrate both local tensor information and the FA (Fractional Anisotropy) measure from remote brain regions connected by DTI derived fibers. To alleviate computation effort and reduce memory consumption, we proposed a multi-stage 2D training scheme instead of using 3D convolution neural network. Our results showed 80% accuracy for prediction and the reconstructed cortical surface using predicted T1 data is highly consistent to the original T1 derived surface. We envision that the proposed method can not only lay down a foundation for multi-modality inference, but also bring new insights to understand brain structure as well.
Incoming flow measurements of a utility-scale wind turbine using super-large-scale particle image velocimetry

Abstract We present incoming flow characterization of a 2.5 ​MW turbine at high spatio-temporal resolution, using super-large-scale particle image velocimetry (SLPIV). The datasets have a field of view of 85 ​m (vertical) × 40 ​m (streamwise) centered at 0.2 rotor diameter upstream. The mean field shows the presence of the induction zone and a distinct region with enhanced vertical velocity. In comparison to vortex theory, SLPIV streamwise velocity presents a steeper velocity drop close to the rotor plane and a more confined induction zone. Time series of nacelle sonic anemometer and SLPIV measured streamwise velocity outside the induction zone show generally matched trends with time-varying discrepancies due to the induction and nacelle effects. The discrepancy, characterized by the sonic-SLPIV velocity ratio, is normally distributed and is less than unity 85% of the time. Data shows both yaw error and incident angle have direct impacts on this ratio, while the intensity of short-term velocity fluctuation has limited effect. Increased yaw error leads to an increase in both the mean and the spread of the ratio. The ratio decreases when the incident angle changes from pointing downward to zero. Further change from zero to pointing upward causes it to plateau with its fluctuations augmented.
Monitoring Glaucomatous Functional Loss Using an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Dashboard.

Purpose To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) dashboard for monitoring glaucomatous functional loss. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal cohort study. Participants Of 31 591 visual fields (VFs) on 8077 subjects, 13 231 VFs from the most recent visit of each patient were included to develop the AI dashboard. Longitudinal VFs from 287 eyes with glaucoma were used to validate the models. Method We entered VF data from the most recent visit of glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous patients into a “pipeline” that included principal component analysis (PCA), manifold learning, and unsupervised clustering to identify eyes with similar global, hemifield, and local patterns of VF loss. We visualized the results on a map, which we refer to as an “AI-enabled glaucoma dashboard.” We used density-based clustering and the VF decomposition method called “archetypal analysis” to annotate the dashboard. Finally, we used 2 separate benchmark datasets—one representing “likely nonprogression” and the other representing “likely progression”—to validate the dashboard and assess its ability to portray functional change over time in glaucoma. Main Outcome Measures The severity and extent of functional loss and characteristic patterns of VF loss in patients with glaucoma. Results After building the dashboard, we identified 32 nonoverlapping clusters. Each cluster on the dashboard corresponded to a particular global functional severity, an extent of VF loss into different hemifields, and characteristic local patterns of VF loss. By using 2 independent benchmark datasets and a definition of stability as trajectories not passing through over 2 clusters in a left or downward direction, the specificity for detecting “likely nonprogression” was 94% and the sensitivity for detecting “likely progression” was 77%. Conclusions The AI-enabled glaucoma dashboard, developed using a large VF dataset containing a broad spectrum of visual deficit types, has the potential to provide clinicians with a user-friendly tool for determination of the severity of glaucomatous vision deficit, the spatial extent of the damage, and a means for monitoring the disease progression.
Global wildfire plume‐rise dataset and parameterizations for climate model applications

The fire plume height (smoke injection height) is an important parameter for calculating the transport and lifetime of smoke particles, which can significantly affect regional and global air qualit...
Diffuse Sarcoidosis Masquerading as Widespread Malignant Disease: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review:

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease commonly involving the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes with the exact etiology being unclear. The simultaneous presence of malignant disease such as breast cancer and sarcoidosis has been reported. Sarcoidosis preceding a diagnosis of malignancy and that occurring years after treatment of malignant disease has been noted in the past. The presence of sarcoidosis in the setting of malignant disease carries a high risk of misdiagnosis. In this article, we report the case of a 45-year-old female with stage IA invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast that was in remission for 2 years; however, radiological imaging including magnetic resonance imaging of thoracic spine and positron emission tomography-computed tomography scanning were highly suspicious for malignant disease metastasis versus lymphoma with the widespread lymphadenopathy. Multiple tissue biopsies with histopathological evaluation allowed us to definitively exclude malignant disease metastasis and to correctly diagnose her atypical presentation of sarcoidosis.
SmartAttack: Open-source Attack Models for Enabling Security Research in Smart Homes

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been erupting the world widely over the decade. Smart home and smart building owners are increasingly deploying IoT devices to monitor and control their environments due to the rapid decline in the price of IoT devices. The recent intensive research has shown that network traffic traces of IoT devices have significant cybersecurity and privacy issues. These security and privacy defending techniques have enabled sophisticated approaches to ensure security and preserve user privacy. However, due to the fact that different approaches are evaluated using their own datasets, their own developed security and privacy attack models, and their own evaluating metrics, it is being significantly difficult to make a fair and comprehensive comparisons among different IoT security strengthening and user privacy preserving research to better understand IoT security issues and end-user benefits. To address this problem, we present a deep learning-based adversarial attack model framework-SmartAttack, which enables a set of sophisticated adversarial attack models that can be leveraged by researchers and industrial users from IoT security community to better evaluate their work. In essence, we leverage the most widely used unsupervised machine learning and deep learning models to design and implement these attack models. SmartAttack also provides user options to select the detailed configuration for each attack model, such as kernel, dataset splitting, cross-validation states, and evaluating metrics. We also evaluate the performance of SmartAttack using two different datasets. In addition, we made the source codes and the related datasets of SmartAttack publicly-available on our research website such that researchers can use our SmartAttack to benchmark their security strengthening and privacy-preserving approaches.
Alcohol use and misuse: Perspectives from seldom heard voices

Abstract Burgeoning evidence suggests the risks of alcohol use and misuse as well as associated problems and consequences differ by race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and age, among other factors. The current chapter focuses on recent alcohol-related research, published over the past 20 years, within five vulnerable populations: (1) racial/ethnic minorities, (2) women, (3) lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, (4) military veterans, and (5) older adults. To better understand factors that may potentiate alcohol use and related consequences, this chapter sought to integrate extant quantitative and qualitative literatures to provide an overview of the experiences of individuals from each community. Main sections of this chapter address demographic features of each vulnerable group, disparities in prevalence of alcohol use and misuse, available prevention strategies/interventions, and potential directions for future research. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on the value of addressing alcohol-related outcomes using the intersectionality framework.
Buying Power Today

Buyer power has long been a neglected issue in antitrust law. Thanks to Bert Foer and others, however, that has changed. In the last two decades, studies have shown that monopsony power is a widespread problem, particularly in labor markets, and challenges to anticompetitive conduct by buyers have increased sharply. Monopsony power is now on the antitrust agenda. At the same time, interest in the other form of buyer power, countervailing power, has also increased. In two high-profile merger cases, Anthem/Cigna and Aetna/Humana, the parties claimed they could save billions of dollars of medical costs by reducing their payments to hospitals, doctors, and other providers. These cases might have marked the first time that countervailing power had justified an otherwise anticompetitive merger. But the parties refused to assert that they would use their post-merger purchasing power to extract bigger discounts from providers. Instead, they would take a variety of less muscular steps. These steps were fraught with practical difficulties, however, and the savings claims were rejected. In the end, the procompetitive benefits of countervailing power were never determined.
The Land Ethic and the Earth Ethic(s)

The Anthropocene and the Holocene are coeval. Preserving the Holocene/Anthropocene climate is the overarching concern of twenty-first-century environmental philosophy and ethics. The second wave of...
What does social studies inquiry look like? Novice negotiations of inquiry-centered practices through video reflection

Abstract This paper shares findings of a qualitative project exploring teacher candidates' reflections on their own social studies inquiry teaching using video capture and annotation technology (VCAT). Teacher candidates' annotated video and written reflections were collected and analyzed. Findings include important understandings of teacher candidates’ scholarship-aligned recognitions of strengths and areas for growth as well as areas where they had underdeveloped or novice negotiated conceptions of inquiry-centered instruction.
Longitudinal well-being measurements in doctor of pharmacy students following a college-specific intervention

Abstract Background and purpose Supporting clinician mental health and well-being must start in the learning environment, especially as health profession students have been shown to have higher rates of mental illness than their peers pursuing other careers. This project aimed to support positive mental health in pharmacy students through small changes that faculty implemented both inside and outside of the classroom. Educational activity and setting In partnership with the Counseling and Mental Health Center, faculty received training, resources, and (in some cases) classroom observation and feedback on how to incorporate small changes that support student well-being. Assessments were performed each semester beginning in spring 2018 and ending in spring 2020. These included the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (measuring positive mental health and well-being), the Theories of Intelligence Scale – Self Form for Adults (measuring growth mindset), the Sense of Belonging Scale (measuring five domains of social connectedness), and the Brief Resilience Scale (measuring resilience). Participating faculty were surveyed regarding how frequently selected activities were incorporated into their practice and how comfortable they felt supporting student mental health. Findings Positive trends were seen throughout the project on the scales assessing growth mindset and sense of belonging. Summary Supporting positive mental health in pharmacy students in the learning environment is important for both students and the quality and safety of the health care system. Future efforts should expand on this work by refining the measurements used, identifying more interventions, and evaluating the impact these efforts have as students become pharmacists.
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator promotes, and progesterone attenuates, microglia/macrophage M1 polarization and recruitment of microglia after MCAO stroke in rats.

Abstract Background: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is one of the few approved treatments for stroke, but its effects on the phenotype of microglia/macrophages are poorly understood. One of its side effects is an increase in the inflammatory response leading to neuronal cell damage and death in the ischemic cascade after stroke. Injury-induced activated microglia/macrophages can have dual functions as pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) factors in brain injury and repair. Recent studies show that progesterone (PROG) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent which affects microglia/macrophage expression after brain injury. Purpose: We examined the interaction of tPA-induced expression of microglia/macrophage phenotypes and PROG’s anti-inflammatory effects. Results: tPA treatment increased the recruitment of microglia/macrophages, the polarity of M1 reactions, the expression of MIP-1α in neurons and capillaries, and the expression of MMP-3 compared to vehicle, and PROG modulated these effects. Conclusions: PROG treatment attenuates tPA-induced inflammatory alterations in brain capillaries and microglia/macrophages both in vivo and in vitro and thus may be a useful adjunct therapy when tPA is given for stroke.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF HYDROGEN RECYCLING IN LEGUMES

ABSTRACT A brief discussion is presented of recent information concerning (a) factors influencing extent of N2, loss during N2 fixation by legumes; (b) electron carriers involved in the oxyhydrogen reaction of Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids; and (c) progress made in evaluating H2 recycling advantages. A major factor determining whether H2 is evolved from legume nodules is the presence of an active uptake hydrogenase which participates in the oxidation of H2 that is evolved as a by-product of the nitrogenase reaction. The extent of H2 evolution from the nitrogenase reaction is affected by those factors that influence the nitrogenase turnover rate. These include the supply of ATP and reductant and the ratio of the Fe protein to the MoFe protein component of nitrogenase. Oxidation of H2 in Rhizobium bacteroids is catalyzed by a series of enzymes located in bacteroid membranes. In addition to the hydrogenase per se, carriers so far shown to be involved in the process include cytochromes of the b and c types a...
Drools: a rule engine for complex event processing

Drools is the leading Java based Open Source rule engine. It is a hybrid chaining engine meaning it can react to changes in data and also provides advanced query capabilities. Drools provides built in temporal reasoning for complex event processing and is fully integrated with the jBPM project for BPMN2 based workflow. Ongoing research includes (but is not limited) to planning, ontological reasoning (semantic web), imperfect reasoning, truth maintenance and distributed collaboration through intelligent agents. This talk will provide an introduction into Drools what it is and how it works. We will explain the concepts of forward and backward chaining within the context of Drools as well as exploring the rule engine syntax and how it has been extended for temporal reasoning for complex event processing.
Post-Hoc CIT: A Useful Method for Qualitative IS Research

Critical Incident Technique (CIT) is an underutilized method in IS research [31], despite heavy use in other management disciplines. This paper proposes that an adaptation of traditional CIT -- post-hoc critical incident (CI) analysis -- can be usefully applied to qualitative data collected in prior studies, to shed new light on IS theories using deductive or inductive analysis. To demonstrate the potential of post-hoc CIT we report on a pilot study that analysed nine incidents extracted from interview transcripts from two prior health IT case studies. We offer suggestive findings: one set based on deductive analysis of the extracted incidents and another based on inductive analysis. We discuss opportunities to use post-hoc CIT in future IS studies.
Inelastic neutron scattering studies of 76Ge and 76Se: relevance to elevance to neutrinoless double-β decay

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements were performed at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory on enriched 76 Ge and 76 Se scattering samples. From measurements at incident neutron energies from 2.0 to 4.0 MeV, many new levels were identified and characterized in each nucleus; level lifetimes, transition probabilities, multipole mixing ratios, and other properties were determined. In addition, γ-ray cross sections for the 76 Ge(n,n′γ) reaction were measured at neutron energies up to 5.0 MeV, with the goal of determining the cross sections of γ rays in 2040-keV region, which corresponds to the region of interest in the neutrinoless double β decay of 76 Ge. Gamma rays from the three strongest branches from the 3952-keV level were observed, but the previously reported 2041-keV γ ray was not. Population cross sections across the range of incident neutron energies were determined for the 3952-keV level, resulting in a cross section of ~0.1 mb for the 2041-keV branch using the previously determined branching ratios. Beyond this, the data from these experiments indicate that previously unreported γ rays from levels in 76 Ge can be found in the 2039-keV region.
Resolving Teacher-Student Conflict: A Different Path

(1992). Resolving Teacher-Student Conflict: A Different Path. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 141-143.
Mixing in helical ribbon agitators in continuous polymerization reactors-is it stochastic

It is conjectured that the mixing effects may be the noise that creates the broader variance in the composition data in the quality charts and the compositional distribution. A method is proposed to estimate the composition using the Weiner-Hopf integral equation. The composition of AN in the matrix is estimated from the QC chart and from the measured compositional distribution of the SAN copolymer formed in the reactor. This can then be used to predict the rotational speed of the agitator effect and to delineate the shear rate mechanism and mixing-blend time mechanism.
High Temperature Metallurgical Processing

This bound volume represents a collection of several papers presented at the Third International Symposium on High Temperature Metallurgical Processing held during the 2012 TMS annual meeting in Or...
The role of developmental work personality in the employment of individuals with psychiatric disabilities.

Due to the current demands of today's competitive and team-oriented workplaces, organizations are becoming increas- ingly dependent on assessing potential and current employee traits that go beyond skills and education. Contextual work behav- iors, such as getting along with others, accepting supervision, and ability to adapt to changes, are proving to be salient factors in predicting overall successful employment outcomes. These contextual behaviors are often learned in childhood during the school years and by watching parents and role models demonstrate behaviors related to work. Individuals with psychiatric disabilities often have a harder time than individuals who do not experience symptoms of psychiatric disabilities demonstrating positive contextual work behaviors. This paper will outline the importance of evaluating work personality using the Developmental Work Personality Scale for individuals with psychiatric disabilities. 1. Background
Small molecule inhibitors of Late SV40 Factor (LSF) abrogate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Evaluation using an endogenous HCC model

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Oncogenic transcription factor Late SV40 Factor (LSF) plays an important role in promoting HCC. A small molecule inhibitor of LSF, Factor Quinolinone Inhibitor 1 (FQI1), significantly inhibited human HCC xenografts in nude mice without harming normal cells. Here we evaluated the efficacy of FQI1 and another inhibitor, FQI2, in inhibiting endogenous hepatocarcinogenesis. HCC was induced in a transgenic mouse with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of c-myc (Alb/c-myc) by injecting N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) followed by FQI1 or FQI2 treatment after tumor development. LSF inhibitors markedly decreased tumor burden in Alb/c-myc mice with a corresponding decrease in proliferation and angiogenesis. Interestingly, in vitro treatment of human HCC cells with LSF inhibitors resulted in mitotic arrest with an accompanying increase in CyclinB1. Inhibition of CyclinB1 induction by Cycloheximide or CDK1 activity by Roscovitine significantly prevented FQI-induced mitotic arrest. A significant induction of apoptosis was also observed upon treatment with FQI. These effects of LSF inhibition, mitotic arrest and induction of apoptosis by FQI1s provide multiple avenues by which these inhibitors eliminate HCC cells. LSF inhibitors might be highly potent and effective therapeutics for HCC either alone or in combination with currently existing therapies.
NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) pre-launch calibration results and post-launch calibration plan

The philosophy and approach for calibrating the NSCAT Ku-band radar are described. The NSCAT radar is designed to measure global ocean surface winds speeds and directions at 50 km resolution. Pre-launch calibration test results and plans for the post-launch calibration campaign are presented.
Empirical relationship between eelgrass extent and predicted watershed-derived nitrogen loading for shallow New England estuaries

Abstract Seagrasses provide important ecological services that directly or indirectly benefit human well-being and the environment. Excess nitrogen inputs are a major cause of eelgrass loss in the marine environment. Here we describe the results of a study aimed at quantifying the extent of eelgrass as a function of predicted watershed-derived nitrogen loading for small-to-medium-sized shallow estuaries in New England. Findings confirm that reduced extent of eelgrass corresponds to increased loading of nitrogen to this class of estuary. At lower levels of nitrogen loading (≤50 Kg ha−1 yr−1), eelgrass extent is variable and is likely controlled by other ecosystem factors unrelated to water quality. At higher loading rates, eelgrass coverage decreases markedly, with essentially no eelgrass at loading levels ≥100 Kg ha−1 yr−1.
Suppression of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract Background & Aims: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are mitogenic polypeptides that activate specific cell surface FGF receptors (FGFRs). Pancreatic cancers overexpress basic FGF (bFGF) and the type I FGF receptor (FGFR-1), and overexpression of bFGF has been correlated with decreased patient survival. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of abrogation of FGFR-1–dependent signaling on pancreatic cancer cell growth. Methods: PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells were transfected with a truncated FGFR-1 complementary DNA (FGFR405), resulting in the expression of a kinase-deficient receptor. Activation of endogenous FGFR-1 was assessed in immunoblot studies with antiphosphotyrosine and anti-active mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase antibodies. Effects on cell growth were determined in vitro and in nude mice. Results: PANC-1 clones expressing the truncated receptor showed attenuated receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and MAP kinase activation in response to bFGF, decreased basal cell growth, and a marked decrease in tumor-forming potential in vivo. Confirmatory experiments with MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells indicated that FGFR405 also attenuated FGF-dependent MAP kinase activation in this cell line. Conclusions: The findings suggest that FGFR-dependent signaling is crucial for pancreatic cancer growth and raise the possibility that inhibition of FGFR signaling may ultimately prove useful as a therapeutic option in patients with pancreatic cancer. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;114:798-807
Further Validation of Evoked Response Audiometry (ERA)

For 162 pupils at Central Institute for the Deaf who had severe hearing impairment but whose thresholds lay within the limits of the audiometric equipment at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, comparisons wer...
Functions not satisfying implicit, polynomial ODE

Abstract We study a certain class of functions regular near 0, such that any implicit, polynomial ODE such functions satisfy must be singular at 0.
Transverse quadruple systems with five holes

Transverse Steiner quadruple systems with five holes are either of type g5 or g4u1. We concentrate on the systems of type g4u1 and settle existence except when g ≡ u ≡ 2 (mod 4) and all except 40 parameter situations when g ≡ u + 2 ≡ 0 (mod 4). The question of existence for transverse quadruple systems of type g4u1 with index λ > 1 is completely solved for all λ ≥ 13 and λ ∈ {4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12}. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 315–340, 2007
The generic criticism of social movement rhetoric

(1982). The generic criticism of social movement rhetoric. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 251-260.