cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SELAGINELLA CARNEROSANA (SELAGINELLACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM COAHUILA, MEXICO

A description and illustrations are provided forSelaginella carnerosana, a new species in subgenusSelaginella sectionTetragonastachys seriesEremophilae from southern Coahuila, Mexico.
How can research about software developers generalize

Research that studies software developers can have a larger impact when its results generalize to other contexts. However, it is often unclear if, how, and why such results generalize. In this position paper, we aim to motivate software engineering researchers to generalize their findings. To meet this aim, we firstly enumerate the dimensions in which software engineering generalizations are made, and secondly, propose several practical ways researchers can make their work more generalizable. In meeting our aim, we hope to help the software engineering research community maximize their impact outside of software engineering.
Retroviral TCR gene transduction: 2A for two.

A recently developed multigene viral expression system is put to work to generate mice carrying a single T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity. Complementing the transgenic-mice technique, this method offers new practical options to researchers studying T-cell development.
Atropine-induced cardioacceleration in patients on chronic propranolol therapy: comparison with the positive chronotropic effect of isometric exercise.

Abstract The hemodynamic effects of intravenous atropine administration were examined in 24 patients on chronic propranolol therapy. In the first 13 patients the safety of atropine administration was tested by giving the drug in small increments to a total dose of either 1.2 mg (five patients) or 1.7 mg (eight patients). The heart rate after atropine administration in these patients varied between 57 and 82 bpm and no adverse effects were noted. The other 11 patients received 1.2 mg atropine intravenously with hemodynamic measurements obtained prior to and 3 minutes after administration of the drug. Heart rate increased from 57.5 ± 8.7 to 72.8 ± 13.9 bpm, mean pulmonary arterial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure declined, and cardiac index increased. Total systemic resistance decreased in most of the patients. Isometric exercise performed prior to atropine administration in the same 11 patients accelerated heart rate from 57.4 ± 8.6 to 68.4 ± 10.8 bpm. A close correlation, r = 0.909, was dernonstrated between the postatropine heart rate and the rate during isometric exercise. It is concluded that atropine in a dose of 1.2 to 1.7 mg may be administered safely in patients on chronic propranolol therapy. Isometric exercise may be useful in unmasking vagal tone in beta-blocked patients.
Neurologic recovery after therapeutic hypothermia in patients with post-cardiac arrest myoclonus

Early myoclonus in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, even when it is not myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE), is considered a sign of severe global brain ischemia and has been associated with high rates of mortality and poor neurologic outcomes. We report on three survivors of primary circulatory cardiac arrests who had good neurologic outcomes (two patients with a CPC score=1 and one patient with a CPC score=2) after mild therapeutic hypothermia, despite exhibiting massive myoclonus within the first 4h after return of spontaneous circulation. The concept that early myoclonus heralds a uniformly poor prognosis may need to be reconsidered in the era of post-cardiac arrest mild therapeutic hypothermia.
Fault-Tolerant File-I/O for Portable Checkpointing Systems

The ftIO-system provides portable and fault-tolerant file-I/O by enhancing the functionality of the ANSI C file system without changing its application programmer interface and without depending on system-specific implementations of the standard file operations. The ftIO-system is an extension of the porch compiler and its runtime system. The porch compiler automatically generates code to save bookkeeping information about ftIO's transactional file operations in portable checkpoints. These portable checkpoints can be recovered on a binary incompatible architecture. We developed a new algorithm for supporting transactional file operations in ftIO. Rather than using the well-known two-phase commit protocol, this algorithm uses only a single bit of information and an atomic rename file operation to guarantee fault tolerance. In this paper, we describe our new ftIO algorithm, discuss design choices for ftIO, and provide experimental data of our ftIO prototype.
Competitive Employment Has It Become the “First Choice” Yet?

This article addresses the issue of availability of competitive employment for individuals with significant disabilities compared to segregated day and work services. Despite the passage of the Ame...
Teicoplanin pharmacodynamics in reference to the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model

Objectives: The accessory gene regulator (agr) has been identified as playing a role in the expression of reduced glycopeptide susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. Previous studies indicate that strains with agr dysfunctional group II polymorphism have a higher propensity for reduced vancomycin activity. We investigated this relationship in agr groups I‐IV using another glycopeptide, teicoplanin, in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Methods: Teicoplanin doses ranging from 1.88 to 30 mg/kg daily (fAUC/MIC 26.1‐380.7) were simulated and evaluated for activity and the development of reduced susceptibility over 72 h.
Neuronal and glioma-derived stem cell factor induces angiogenesis within the brain

Stem cell factor (SCF) is overexpressed by neurons following brain injury as well as by glioma cells; however, its role in gliomagenesis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SCF directly activates brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and induces a potent angiogenic response in vivo. Primary human gliomas express SCF in a grade-dependent manner and induce normal neurons to express SCF in brain regions infiltrated by glioma cells, areas that colocalize with prominent angiogenesis. Downregulation of SCF inhibits tumor-mediated angiogenesis and glioma growth in vivo, whereas overexpression of SCF is associated with shorter survival in patients with malignant gliomas. Thus, the SCF/c-Kit pathway plays an important role in tumor- and normal host cell-induced angiogenesis within the brain.
Cell Models for Viscous Sintering

The kinetics of viscous sintering are determined for models consisting of cylinders intersecting so as to form cells with cubic, tetrahedral, and octahedral shapes. These models are shown to be quite resistant to Rayleigh instabilities, and to densify at similar rates. The constitutive parameters (free strain rate, uniaxial viscosity, and Poisson's ratio) are presented for all of the models.
An exposure-dependent spacecraft pointing control criteria for high resolution spectroscopy

A new pointing control criteria is derived to support high resolution space spectroscopy. The criteria maps desired specifications on allowable flux offset (imposed by scientists for accurate calculation of spectral line ratios) into standard pointing control definitions in terms of bias and jitter.
Role of Oral Contraception in Congenital Malformations of Offspring

In order to examine the relationship between use of oral contraceptives and congenital malformations in offspring a comparative study was made of 1370 cases of congenital malformation with 2968 controls. It was found that mothers of cases were more likely to be older separated from their husbands Protestant less educated and of lower socioeconomic status than mothers of controls. Congenital malformations were divided into the 15 diagnostic groups which had more than 35 cases and were compared with controls according to oral contraceptive use. No significant associations were found for oral contraceptive use 12-3 months preconception 2 months to 1 week preconception or during pregnancy but exposure during pregnancy was associated with a greater risk for anencephaly transposition of the great vessels ventricular and atrial septal defect heart valve anomalies alimentary and digestive tract problems talipes and Downs syndrome. An examination of the exposure to other risk factors showed that mothers of cases had a significantly greater use of prescription drugs such as antibiotics antidepressants insulin narcotic analgesics and tranquilizers as well as of cigarettes during pregnancy. A further analysis for confounding variables did not alter these findings but a higher risk was found in oral contraceptive users who smoked more than 20 cigarettes/day. This risk associated with smoking and oral contraceptive use may explain the divergent reports in oral contraceptive risk studies where smoking status was not considered. Further investigation is necessary to illuminate and test these findings as well as to examine other risk factors for possible synergistic effects on fetal development.
Autorotation Test of the Horizontal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Meniere's Disease:

Sixty-four patients with the diagnosis of Meniere's disease were tested at the House Ear Clinic with an active head-rotation test system, the Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT). The VAT is a portable, computerized test that measures the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) with the use of high-frequency (2 to 6 Hz) active head movements to obtain gain and phase. The purpose of this study was to characterize the horizontal VOR at high frequencies in patients with Meniere's disease. At frequencies from 5 to 6 Hz, all patients demonstrated horizontal phase greater than 180 degrees and 85% showed abnormal VAT results. The most common patterns were decreased gain or increased phase values, or both, relative to normative data. No significant differences in the degree of abnormality in gain and phase were noted among groups of patients when the patients were clinically staged. We conclude that, in our test population of patients with Meniere's disease, the VAT shows common gain and phase patterns and abnorma...
Global analysis of bird elevational diversity

Aim Elevational gradients distributed across the globe are a powerful test system for understanding biodiversity. Here I use a comprehensive set of bird elevational gradients to test the main drivers of diversity, including sampling, area, mid-domain effect, temperature, temperature and water availability, and hypotheses of evolutionary history. Location Seventy-eight elevational gradients of bird diversity from mountains in both hemispheres spanning 24.5 ° S to 48.2 ° N, including gradients from various climates, biogeographical regions and habitat types. Methods Data on bird elevational diversity were taken from the literature. Of the 150 datasets found or compiled, only those with a high, unbiased sampling effort were used in analyses. Datasets sampled all birds, all breeding birds or all forest birds; a few studies detailed seasonal, elevational shifts. Eighteen predictions of diversity theory were tested, including three sets of interactions. Results Birds display four distinct diversity patterns in nearly equal frequency on mountains: decreasing diversity, low-elevation plateaus, low-elevation plateaus with mid-peaks, and unimodal mid-elevational peaks. Bird elevational diversity strongly supports current climate as the main driver of diversity, particularly combined trends in temperature and water availability. Bird diversity on humid mountains is either decreasing or shows a low-elevation plateau in diversity, while on dry mountains it is unimodal or a broad, low-elevation plateau usually with a mid-elevation maximum. The predictions of sampling, area and mid-domain effect were not consistently supported globally. The only evolutionary hypothesis with preliminary support was niche conservatism. Main conclusions Both water and temperature variables are needed to comprehensively predict elevational diversity patterns for birds. This result is consistent for breeding and forest birds, for both hemispheres, and for local- or regional-scale montane gradients. More analyses are needed to discern whether the mechanism underlying these relationships is ecological, based on direct physiological limitations or indirect food resource limitations, or historical, based on phylogenetic niche conservation or other evolutionary trends related to climate. The species‐area and middomain effects are not supported as primary drivers of elevational diversity in birds.
Sparsity in MRI RF excitation pulse design

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be viewed as a two-stage experiment that yields a non-invasive spatial mapping of hydrogen nuclei in living subjects. Nuclear spins within a subject are first excited using a radio-frequency (RF) excitation pulse and proportions of excited spins are then detected using a resonant coil; images are then reconstructed from this data. Excitation pulses need to be tailored to a user's specific needs and in most applications need to be as short as possible, due to spin relaxation, tissue heating, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and data readout limitations. The design of short-duration excitation pulses is an important topic and the focus of our work. One may show that RF excitation pulse design, under certain conditions, involves choosing to deposit energy in a continuous, 3-D, Fourier-like domain ("excitation k-space") in order to form some desired excitation in the spatial domain. Energy may only be deposited along a 1-D contour, and there are limitations on where and how it may be placed; the most important fact is that excitation pulse duration directly corresponds to the length of the chosen contour and the rate it is traversed. The problem then is to find a sparse "trajectory" (and corresponding energy deposition) within this k-space such that a high-fidelity version of the desired excitation is formed in the spatial domain. We show how sparsity and simultaneous sparsity are applicable to 2-D and 3-D excitation pulse design and present a novel instance where simultaneous sparsity is desirable. We then discuss how to apply sparse approximation concepts to produce RF pulses. These "sparsity-enforced" designs, generated via convex relaxation techniques, significantly outperform conventional pulses: for fixed pulse duration, sparsity-enforced pulses always produce higher-fidelity excitations.
Sensing Cellular Stress: Another New Function for the Nucleolus?

Recent research suggests that the nucleolus communicates with the p53 regulatory system and acts as a stress sensor. Cellular stress causes nucleolar disruption, triggering the release of regulatory factors to the nucleoplasm. These factors, especially ARF (alternative reading frame), inhibit the degradation of p53, thereby facilitating its intracellular accumulation.
Black-Box Terminal Characterization Models for the Analysis and Simulation of Distributed Power Electronic Systems

This paper presents the application of Black-box terminal characterization models for the simulation an analysis of distributed power electronics systems comprised by commercial power electronics and passive modules. The models predict the transient and steady state response of a cascade, parallel and distributed power system. Also are used to predict the stability condition between a source and a load converter. All simulation results are validated with experimental data.
Long-term analysis of the palliative benefit of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

: Objective: Therapeutic splenectomy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) may result in extreme thrombocytosis and leukocytosis and accelerated hepatomegaly. We previously described initial palliative benefit from 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) in such instances. The purpose of this study is to provide long-term follow-up on the durability of response in the initial cohort and in additional subsequent cases. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with histologically confirmed MMM who had palliative therapy with 2-CdA. Clinical characteristics and information on subsequent clinical course were abstracted at the time of diagnosis of MMM and at initiation of 2-CdA therapy until death. Results: To date, we have used 2-CdA as palliative therapy in 14 patients with MMM. After a median of four cycles of therapy, responses for hepatomegaly occurred in 56% of patients, thrombocytosis 50%, leukocytosis 55%, and anemia 40%. Cytopenias were frequent but usually transient and without clinical consequence. Responses occurred usually by the second cycle; median duration of response was 6 months (range, 2–19) after completion of 2-CdA therapy. Conclusion: This study confirmed relevant and frequently durable palliation of symptoms in about half the patients. 2-CdA is a reasonable palliative option in postsplenectomy patients with MMM who have problematic myeloproliferation.
Inhibition of Saprolegnia pathogenic for fish by Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Bacteria capable of inhibiting the growth of Saprolegnia were isolated from commercial channel catfish pond water during January and November 1991. The isolates were typed as Pseudomonas fluorescens with 96% confidence and fluoresced under ultraviolet light. Only three out of the seven otherwise identical subcultures have retained the ability to inhibit Saprolegnia hyphal growth and were positive in gelatin liquefaction assays. Saprolegnia cyst germination inhibition assays indicated that each of the P. fluorescens subcultures inhibited cyst germination at ratios as low as 0.5:1 to 10:1, while Escherichia coli (used as a control) was only inhibitory at a ratio of 500:1. The inhibitory activity against Saprolegnia did not appear to reside in bacterial culture supernatants.
Dynamic Spectrum Access Models:: Towards an Engineering Perspective in the Spectrum Debate

Until recently, the proponents of spectrum commons and the proponents of spectrum property rights had settled, like the armies of the Marne, into their entrenched positions, emerging only to launch periodic and unproductive attacks across a semantic and philosophical no man's land. Recently, however, there have been calls to move beyond these entrenched positions, by developing pragmatic models and solutions that capture some of the benefits of each philosophical position. In this article we cautiously enter that no man's land with two illustrative dynamic spectrum access models. While both of our models retain a bias toward usage of spectrum resources based on a spectrum property rights approach, they also promote dynamic access and short-term dedication of spectrum resources. We call these models dynamic property rights spectrum access (D-Pass) and dynamic commons property rights spectrum access (D-CPass). In this work we focus primarily on engineering issues, proposing the use of a spectrum policy server as a clearinghouse and specifying the spectrum access mechanisms relevant to each model. To demonstrate the useful studies enabled through these models, we present illustrative results via the bandwidth utilization achieved under each model. Our results indicate that both the spectrum access mechanism and market forces will play important roles in determining the resulting bandwidth utilization.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based assay demonstrates interferon-antagonist activity for the NDV V protein and the Nipah virus V, W, and C proteins.

We have generated a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that expresses the green fluorescence protein (GFP) in infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). This virus is interferon (IFN) sensitive, and pretreatment of cells with chicken alpha/beta IFN (IFN-α/β) completely blocks viral GFP expression. Prior transfection of plasmid DNA induces an IFN response in CEFs and blocks NDV-GFP replication. However, transfection of known inhibitors of the IFN-α/β system, including the influenza A virus NS1 protein and the Ebola virus VP35 protein, restores NDV-GFP replication. We therefore conclude that the NDV-GFP virus could be used to screen proteins expressed from plasmids for the ability to counteract the host cell IFN response. Using this system, we show that expression of the NDV V protein or the Nipah virus V, W, or C proteins rescues NDV-GFP replication in the face of the transfection-induced IFN response. The V and W proteins of Nipah virus, a highly lethal pathogen in humans, also block activation of an IFN-inducible promoter in primate cells. Interestingly, the amino-terminal region of the Nipah virus V protein, which is identical to the amino terminus of Nipah virus W, is sufficient to exert the IFN-antagonist activity. In contrast, the anti-IFN activity of the NDV V protein appears to be located in the carboxy-terminal region of the protein, a region implicated in the IFN-antagonist activity exhibited by the V proteins of mumps virus and human parainfluenza virus type 2.
The decline in forestry education enrollment: Some observations and opinions

El ingreso a ingenieria forestal (foresteria) en Norteamerica alcanzo su maximo en los 70 y las escuelas expandieron sus programas para satisfacer una necesidad percibida. Luego, el numero de personas jovenes en edad universitaria disminuyo en los 80, asi como el interes en el tema forestal, dejando cupos sin llenar en escuelas forestales a traves de los Estados Unidos. Las ciencias ambientales, la biologia y los estudios de politica parecen mas atractivos para los jovenes hoy. Sin embargo, la apertura de curricula forestales hacia programas en manejo de recursos naturales que incorporan las areas de estudio mencionadas, y que sustituyen algunos cursos de foresteria tradicional por cursos de politica y ciencias sociales, no han logrado revertir la tendencia. Probablemente la caida en los ingresos a escuelas forestales refleja la decreciente reputacion de la profesion forestal en general. Una reversion de esta tendencia puede depender de un cambio mayor en las actitudes de la sociedad en relacion a la importancia de los bosques y de la gente que los maneja.
Selenium nanocluster coatings for anti-cancer orthopedic applications

There are currently no orthopedic materials which are made to prevent either the occurrence or reoccurrence of cancer. Due to the above, the objective of this study was to create a new biomaterial which can both restore bone and, at the same time, prevent cancer growth at the implant interface. In the present study, three types of surfaces with different surface densities were prepared. Competitive cell co-culture studies showed promoted growth of healthy bone cells and inhibited growth of cancerous cells when they were co-seeded on high dose selenium (Se) coated titanium (Ti) substrates. Thus, this study provided for the first time a material to the orthopedic community which may inhibit bone cancer growth and promote healthy bone growth.
Recurrent neural network based prediction of epileptic seizures in intra- and extracranial EEG

Abstract Predicting the onset of epileptic seizure is an important and difficult biomedical problem, which has attracted substantial attention of the intelligent computing community over the past two decades. We apply recurrent neural networks (RNN) combined with signal wavelet decomposition to the problem. We input raw EEG and its wavelet-decomposed subbands into RNN training/testing, as opposed to specific signal features extracted from EEG. To the best of our knowledge this approach has never been attempted before. The data used included both scalp and intracranial EEG recordings obtained from two epileptic patients. We demonstrate that the existence of a “preictal” stage (immediately preceding seizure) of some minutes duration is quite feasible.
IMPACT OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON CONES AND SEED PRODUCED BY INFESTED FRASER FIR

Seed produced by Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., infested by the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg), was compared with that originating from uninfested trees during a cyclic year of heavy seedfall (1969) in western North Carolina. Cones were significantly shorter and seed uniformly lighter and smaller from trees infested by the aphid. X-ray examination indicated the number of full seed from uninfested trees averaged nearly 70% and 42% higher than in comparable seed samples from infested trees. Germination tests indicated viability of seed from infested trees exceeded 32% and that from uninfested trees exceeded 75%. An important factor affecting survival of seed from the two sources appeared to be the relative susceptibility of seed to attack by Megastigmus specularis Walley. Almost 28% more seed were destroyed by these seed chalcids for aphid-infested trees than for uninfested trees.
A-Functions: A generalization of Extended Baum-Welch transformations to convex optimization

We introduce the Line Search A-Function (LSAF) technique that generalizes the Extended-Baum Welch technique in order to provide an effective optimization technique for a broader set of functions. We show how LSAF can be applied to functions of various probability density and distribution functions by demonstrating that these probability functions have an A-function. We also show that sparse representation problems (SR) that use l1 or combination of l1/l2 regularization norms can also be efficiently optimized through an A-function derived for their objective functions. We will demonstrate the efficiency of LSAF for SR problems through simulations by comparing it with Approximate Bayesian Compressive Sensing method that we recently applied to speech recognition.
Social Risk-Management Strategies in Pastoral Systems: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis:

Pastoralists risk losing their livelihood overnight due to drought, disease, and other disasters. They employ different strategies to minimize these risks, including the following: Mobility, herd maximization, diversification, and social strategies. Social strategies are considered critical because they provide not only a safety net during disasters but also contribute to the resilience of pastoral societies by allowing pastoralists to rebuild herds after disasters. There is, however, much variation in social risk-management strategies (SRMS) across pastoral societies. To understand this variation, we conducted a comparative study of 20 pastoral societies from different socioeconomic, historical, and environmental settings. We used Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to examine which causal configurations explain the variation in SRMS. This analytical approach helped us to identify four clusters of pastoral groups, in which different causal configurations are associated with exchange networks, patron—c...
AUTONOMY AND EMPATHY

INTRODUCTION When Carol Gilligan, Nel Noddings, and other ethicists of caring draw the contrast between supposedly masculine and supposedly feminine moral thinking, they put such things as justice, autonomy, and rights together under the first rubric and such things as caring, responsibility for others, and connection together under the second. This division naturally leaves caring ethicists with the issue of how to deal with topics such as justice, autonomy, and rights, but it also leaves defenders of more traditional moral theories (now dubbed “masculine”) with the problem of how to treat (if at all) the sorts of issues that ethicists of caring raise. One response, among caring ethicists and others, has been to acknowledge the two types of moral thinking (however imperfectly correlated with sex or gender) while claiming that each is one-sided and needs to be complemented or supplemented with the other if we are to achieve an adequate understanding of morality, of the full range of moral phenomena. This says, in effect, that previous “masculine” moral philosophies have skimped on (the importance of) the sorts of affective bonds on which caring ethics focuses. This response also suggests that caring and human connection need to be situated within just social institutions whose character is not determined by caring, but, rather, by the less personal and more general principles and concepts of traditional moral/political philosophy and its descendants. However, some caring ethicists have proceeded more boldly.
Past, present, and future of veterinary epidemiology and economics: One health, many challenges, no silver bullets

Epidemiological methods are applied in veterinary science to investigate the dynamics, frequency, and determinants of diseases in populations of veterinary interest. This information is subsequently used to manipulate such determinants, with the ultimate objective of preventing, mitigating, or eliminating the impact of disease in susceptible populations (1). Because, for a given population-health problem, there are typically a number of alternative interventions available, economics, the science of making choices (2), is inherently related to veterinary epidemiology.
Bipolar Electrochemical Displacement: A New Phenomenon with Implications for Self‐Limiting Materials Patterning

Bipolar electrochemical displacement (BED) enables direct-write electrodeposition on a conducting substrate that has no electrical connection. We demonstrate this phenomenon using nickel deposition coupled to the equal and opposite displacement of copper. The driving force for BED is the solution potential gradient generated by a specially configured rastering microjet electrochemical cell. BED is self-limiting based on the quantity of metal available for displacement from the substrate. Finite-element method simulations are used to show how the coupling between solution ohmic drop and charge transfer kinetics control bipolar efficiency and spatial segregation of the electrochemistry. Experiments and simulations show that the electrodeposition of nickel is largely dictated by the potential gradients in the microjet region, and largely unaffected by details of copper etching far from the microjet. Simple analytical scaling arguments explain most of the experimental trends.
Pitfalls of Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a widely used method of treatment for men with prostate cancer. In men with metastatic disease, primary ADT improves quality of life and extends overall survival. ADT improves both progression free and overall survival in men with intermediate and high risk early stage disease. More recently, it has been used in men who have a PSA only recurrence after definitive treatment with radiation or surgery. With earlier use of ADT, it is important to understand the potential consequences of this intervention. Well-recognized adverse effects of ADT include loss of libido, fatigue, vasomotor flushing, and anemia. This chapter reviews some of the more recently described adverse effects, including the impact of ADT on bone, insulin sensitivity, muscle mass, and lipids, and the implications for risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We will also outline strategies to prevent treatment-related morbidity in prostate cancer survivors.
A Case Study of the Application of SAMR and TPACK for Reflection on Technology Integration into Two Social Studies Classrooms

ABSTRACTAs emerging technology continues to enter the social studies classroom, teachers need to approach integration of such technology in a systematic manner to ensure that such technology enhances the learning of their students. Currently, scholars of technology integration advocate for the use of one of two different models, either SAMR or TPACK. This article makes use of a case study process to document a yearlong integration of iPad carts into two neighboring social studies classrooms, as examined through both the SAMR and TPACK lenses. The results provide insights for future social studies teachers and departments wishing to effectively integrate technology into their classrooms.
Tracing the Seepage of Subsurface Sinkhole Vent Waters into Lake Huron Using Radium and Stable Isotopes of Oxygen and Hydrogen

Exchange of water between groundwater and surface water could alter water quality of the surface waters and thereby impact its ecosystem. Discharges of anoxic groundwater, with high concentrations of sulfate and chloride and low concentrations of nitrate and oxygen, from three sinkhole vents (El Cajon, Middle Island and Isolated) in Lake Huron have been recently documented. In this investigation, we collected and analyzed a suite of water samples from these three sinkhole vents and lake water samples from Lake Huron for Ra, radon-222, stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, and other ancillary parameters. These measurements are among the first of their kind in this unique environment. The activities of Ra are found to be one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of the lake water. Isotopic signatures of some of the bottom lake water samples indicate evidences for micro-seeps at distances farther from these three vents. A plot of δD versus δ18O indicates that there are deviations from the Global Meteoric Line that can be attributed to mixing of different water masses and/or due to some subsurface chemical reactions. Using the Ra isotopic ratios, we estimated the transit times of the vent waters from the bottom to the top of the vent (i.e., sediment–water interface) to be 4–37 days. More systematic studies on the distribution of the radioactive and stable isotope studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of micro-seeps in Lake Huron and other Great Lakes system.
Illustrations of Fungi—XXVII

Pileus fleshy, firm, turbinate, nearly plane, sometimes depressed, gregarious, cespitose at times, 3-8 cm. broad; surface glabrous, luteous, rarely paler yellow, margin involute to expanded, undulate; context white, nutty or slightly acrid, edible; lamellae thick, narrow, distant, decurrent, forked or irregularly anastomosing, luteous, or sometimes much paler; spores ellipsoid, somewhat irregular, smooth, pale-ochraceous, 8-Io X 4-5 ,; stipe attenuate below, glabrous, concolorous or paler, solid, 2.5-5 cm. long, 6-12 mm. thick.
The 32nd Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference (January 13-16, 2014 - San Francisco, California, USA): Auxilium Pharmaceuticals.

CEO and President Adrian Adams described Auxilium Pharmaceuticals as "the same as a Big Pharma company, only smaller." This 'specialty biopharmaceutical company' has transformed itself in the last 6 to 9 months to become the "leading men's healthcare franchise with a broad and diverse product portfolio." All of this has led to a very busy 2013, which began with the USD 600 million acquisition (Q2) and integration of Actient Pharmaceuticals, the licensing of avanafil (StendraTM) for erectile dysfunction and ended with the approval of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex®) in Peyronie's disease. From a portfolio of 2 products at the beginning of 2013, Auxilium ended the year with 12.
Comparison of Biodiesel Performance Based on HCCI Engine Simulation Using Detailed Mechanism with On-the-fly Reduction

Biodiesel is a complex mixture of long-chain methyl esters. Accurate numerical study of biodiesel combustion requires detailed chemistry of large biodiesel surrogates representing realistic biodiesel fuels. However, the detailed kinetic mechanisms for large biodiesel surrogates involve large number of species and reactions, leading to extremely expensive or even infeasible computation when incorporated in engine CFD (computational fluid dynamics) calculations. In this study, the scheme of on-the-fly mechanism reduction incorporated with engine CFD code KIVA-3V is first extended to two large biodiesel surrogate mechanisms, namely methyl decanoate and methyl-9-decenoate. Detailed combustion and engine performance characterization for biodiesel fuels are enabled, and the computational intensity is significantly reduced with satisfactory accuracy. In the simulations, lower CO and NO emissions and lower engine power are observed for biodiesel surrogates. Combustion features such as early oxidation of ester gro...
Dynamic analysis of a slope failure from the 6 August 1979 Coyote Lake, California, earthquake

abstract The Coyote Lake, California, earthquake of 6 August 1979 ( M L = 5.7) provided a rare opportunity to perform a dynamic numerical analysis of a seismically induced slope failure using actual strong-motion records. The earthquake displaced a preexisting slump on the northeast shore of Lake Anderson and formed a fissure 20 m long; offsets of 9 mm vertically and 18 mm horizontally were measured across the fissure. The slump is 9 km northwest of the located epicenter but within 100 m of the mapped trace of the Calaveras fault. Two strong-motion records were written in the vicinity of the slump: Coyote Creek, 5 km to the southeast, and Gilroy #6, 15 km to the southeast. These records combined with field measurements of the slope, estimates of the material properties, and a dynamic numerical model based on the Newmark analysis of seismic slope stability to calculate a predicted displacement for the landslide. A displacement of 27 mm, calculated using the N50°E component of the Gilroy #6 record, is in excellent agreement with the displacement measured in the field (21 mm). However, displacements of only 0.12 mm, calculated using the 250° component of the Coyote Creek strong-motion record, reflect significant local variations in seismic shaking intensity. Because strong-motion records and slope failures rarely coincide, this landslide provides an important test case for our understanding of the dynamics of seismically induced landslides, as well as a warning that local seismologic variations need to be considered in any design applications.
Exact traveling wave solutions to (2+1)-dimensional Bousenisq equation

Reducing(2+1)-dimensional Bousenisq equation to the elementary integral,we can obtain its abundant exact traveling wave solutions which include rational function solutions,triangular function solutions and elliptic function solutions.
Electronic band structure trends of perovskite halides: Beyond Pb and Sn to Ge and Si

The trends in electronic band structure are studied in the cubic $AB{X}_{3}$ halide perovskites for $A=\text{Cs}$; $B=\text{Pb}$, Sn, Ge, Si; and $X=\text{I}$, Br, Cl. The gaps are found to decrease from Pb to Sn and from Ge to Si, but increase from Sn to Ge. The trend is explained in terms of the atom $s$ levels of the group-IV element and the atomic sizes which changes the amount of hybridization with $X\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$ and hence the valence bandwidth. Along the same series spin-orbit coupling also decreases and this tends to increase the gap because of the smaller splitting of the conduction band minimum. Both effects compensate each other to a certain degree. The trend with halogens is to reduce the gap from Cl to I, i.e., with decreasing electronegativity. The role of the tolerance factor in avoiding octahedron rotations and octahedron edge sharing is discussed. The Ge containing compounds have tolerance factor $tg1$ and hence do not show the series of octahedral rotation distortions and the existence of edge-sharing octahedral phases known for Pb and Sn-based compounds, but rather a rhombohedral distortion. ${\mathrm{CsGeI}}_{3}$ is found to have a suitable gap for photovoltaics both in its cubic (high-temperature) and rhombohedral (low-temperature) phases. The structural stability of the materials in the different phases is also discussed. We find the rhombohedral phase to have lower total energy and slightly larger gaps but to present a less significant distortion of the band structure than the edge-sharing octahedral phases, such as the yellow phase in ${\mathrm{CsSnI}}_{3}$. The corresponding silicon based compounds have not yet been synthesized and therefore our estimates are less certain but indicate a small gap for cubic ${\mathrm{CsSiI}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{CsSiBr}}_{3}$ of about $0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ eV and $0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$ eV for ${\mathrm{CsSiCl}}_{3}$. The intrinsic stability of the Si compounds is discussed.
Long-term hemodynamic results after cardiac transplantation.

Although survival after cardiac transplantation has improved since the introduction of cyclosporine to clinical practice in 1980, the long-term hemodynamic results of transplantation in cyclosporine-treated recipients has not been reported. Annual cardiac catheterization data for 109 cyclosporine-treated recipients were analyzed and compared to those of a nonconcurrent group of 65 recipients treated with azathioprine and corticosteroids. Recipient age, donor age, sex, and human leukocyte antigen mismatch were comparable for the two groups. Satisfactory left ventricular function of the cyclosporine-treated heart was characterized on the first annual study by a normal ejection fraction (60% ± 10%), cardiac index (3.0 ± 0.8 L/min/m2) and stroke work index (53 ± 15 gm-m/m2) associated with moderately increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (12 ± 6 mm Hg) and significantly increased mean aortic pressures (116 ± 8 mm Hg). With the exception of aortic diastolic pressure, which tended to increase with time, the mean values of each variable analyzed did not change significantly over the period of study. In comparison to the azathioprine group, the cyclosporine cohort displayed higher aortic, left ventricular end-diastolic, and pulmonary artery pressures and produced more stroke work at each annual study. Analysis of the azathioprine group over extended (8 year) follow-up suggested excellent preservation of graft function. In summary, the long-term hemodynamic function of the transplanted heart treated with cyclosporine was satisfactory, demonstrated no deterioration over 5 year follow-up, but manifested substantially greater hypertension than hearts from the pre-cyclosporine era.
The Space Between: Exploring How Religious Leaders Reconcile Religion and Politics

Religious leaders, across religious traditions and demographic backgrounds, engage in politics in America. However, making sense of this is not an easy task, especially when their religious and political positions do not align. In these instances, they must somehow reconcile their incongruous positions. This article draws upon interview conversations with black religious leaders to explore how this is achieved. It is revealed that respondents bridge the space between their religious and political positions mainly by deploying three mechanisms: religious sequestration, issue minimization, and selective denial. This study contributes to our understanding of how religious leaders make sense of privileging civic and political positions over religious orthodoxy. It outlines the implications of this for black religious leaders specifically and the role of religious leaders in civic and political spheres more broadly.
GaAs phase noise characteristics in high frequency synthesizer prescalers

The phase noise of GaAs dividers has been suggested to be 20-30 dB worse than for bipolar ECL dividers. The author investigates this suggestion and its implications for microwave frequency synthesizers. The single-sideband phase noise (SSBN) spectral density of a GaAs prescaler using source-coupled FET logic was found to be better (lower) than that of a bipolar diode-load emitter-coupled logic prescaler when measured at 1 GHz and with a divisor (P) value of 128. The amount of phase noise observed at the offset frequency of 25 kHz for the bipolar and GaAs prescalers, together with the measured phase noise reduction due to the divisor P, was -149 and -161 dBc/Hz, respectively. It is concluded that this analysis clearly indicates that the GaAs prescaler has a lower SSBN than the bipolar circuit. >
A Slow Frequency Hopping Technique that is Robust to Repeat Jamming

A frequency hopping technique capable of defeating the repeat jammer independent of the hop rate is presented. This technique, random frequency shift keying/frequency hopping (FSK/FH), is described and analyzed. Specific results are given for 2-ary, 4-ary and 8-ary random FSK/FH against repeat noise, repeat tone, and combined repeat tone and noise jamming with and without error correction coding. These analyses show that random FSK/FH is an effective countermeasure to the repeat jammer.
Devices for microwave photonics

Microwave photonics has advanced greatly as a result of breakthroughs on many fronts. Breakthroughs in fiber amplifiers, sources and receivers have all resulted in greatly increased system performance, and significant evolution of microwave photonic networks has occurred. The author discusses these elements in turn. There are many applications of microwave photonics, including fiber optic distribution of signals for cellular networks, phase array radars, and cable TV. Bandwidth requirements in these applications keep increasing, driving up the center frequency and increasing the need for microwave photonics to reduce the loss, dispersion, crosstalk and cost. This is also causing an evolution in these networks from smaller, lower frequency networks at 0.88 /spl mu/m to larger, higher frequency networks at 1.3 and 1.5 /spl mu/m.
Using Network Science Measures to Predict the Lexical Decision Performance of Adults Who Stutter.

Purpose Methods from network science have examined various aspects of language processing. Clinical populations may also benefit from these novel analyses. Phonological and lexical factors have bee...
The Intrinsic Beauty, Harmony and Interdisciplinarity in Einstein Velocity Addition Law: Gyrogroups and Gyrovector Spaces

The only justification for the Einstein velocity addition law ‎appeared to be its empirical adequacy‎, ‎so that the ‎intrinsic beauty and harmony in Einstein addition remained for a long time ‎a mystery to be conquered‎. ‎Accordingly‎, ‎the aim of this expository article is to present ‎(i) the Einstein relativistic vector addition‎, ‎(ii) the resulting Einstein scalar multiplication‎, ‎(iii) the Einstein relativistic mass‎, ‎and ‎(iv) the Einstein relativistic kinetic energy‎, ‎along with remarkable analogies with classical results in ‎groups and vector spaces that these ‎Einstein concepts capture in gyrogroups and gyrovector spaces‎. ‎Making the unfamiliar familiar‎, ‎these analogies uncover the ‎intrinsic beauty and harmony in the underlying ‎Einstein velocity addition law of relativistically admissible velocities‎, ‎as well as its interdisciplinarity‎.
The Effect of Concurrent Business on Supplier Behavior in B2B Auctions

Buyers often procure multiple goods and services from the same supplier. Accordingly, business exchanged in one setting may affect exchanges between the buyer and supplier other settings. We study how business procured via business-to-business (B2B) auctions is affected by business exchanged between the buyer and supplier concurrent to the auctions. Using two transactional datasets, one with auctions held by a large buyer of truckload transportation services over a four-year period and another with the buyer’s transactions with suppliers over the same time period but governed by long-term contracts, we analyze whether the contractual business affects decisions made in the B2B auctions. We find that concurrent business affects the participation decisions of both parties: the buyer is more likely to invite a supplier with whom they transact more concurrent business, and the supplier is more likely to bid. Concurrent business also affects supplier decisions in the form of reference prices. When a buyer and supplier have a preexisting price for the service up for auction, the supplier sometimes uses that as their bid price, with considerable heterogeneity explained by a supplier’s business model. We show that business external to an auction significantly affects buyer and supplier decisions in a B2B auction.
Duck Plague Virus

This chapter provides an overview of the classification and description of the anatid herpes virus 1, that is, the duck plague virus. The chapter discusses its hosts, the diagnostic techniques and reagents, and the key developments regarding the duck plague virus. The duck plaque virus causes sudden death with hemorrhage in ducks, geese, and swans. The duck plaque virus is also called duck viral enteritis and duck herpesvirus 1. The virus was first described in Netherlands in 1923. Although wild ducks have been reported as carriers, there is as yet no evidence of carriers in the wild population of anseriformes in North America. The disease was first reported in New York State in 1967. Sera-positive evidence has been found in adjacent states as well since then.