cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrocarbon photochemistry in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter.

The hydrocarbon photochemistry in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter is investigated using a one-dimensional, photochemical-diffusive, and diurnally averaged model. The important chemical cycles and pathways among the major species are outlined and a standard model for the North Equatorial Belt region is examined in detail. It is found that several traditionally dominant chemical pathways among the C and C_2 species are replaced in importance by cycles involving C–C_4 species. The pressure and altitude profiles of mixing ratios for several observable hydrocarbon species are compared with available ultraviolet- and infrared-derived abundances. The results of sensitivity studies on the standard model with respect to variations in eddy diffusion profile, solar flux, atomic hydrogen influx, latitude, temperature, and important chemical reaction rates are presented. Measured and calculated airglow emissions of He at 584 Â and H at 1216 Â are also used to provide some constraints on the range of model parameters. The relevance of the model results to the upcoming Galileo mission is briefly discussed. The model is subject to considerable improvement; there is a great need for laboratory measurements of basic reaction rates and photodissociation quantum yields, even for such simple species as methylacetylene and allene. Until such laboratory measurements exist there will be considerable uncertainty in the understanding of the C_3and higher hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of the jovian planets.
The Effects of Item Grouping on the Reliability and Scale Scores of an Affective Measure

Instrument developers find conflicting advice in the literature about either grouping items together that purport to measure each construct or to randomly intersperse items throughout the instrument. This paper examines the effects of grouping and random item placement on the alpha internal-consistency reliabilities of the scales and scale means on an affective measure. Out of a total of 992 randomly selected principals, 719 responded to the Administrative Attitudes Toward Unsatisfactory Teachers Survey; 350 received a grouped-item version of the instrument and 369, a random-item version. While there were no significant differences in scale means between the two methods of item placement, there was an effect on the scale alpha reliabilities.
Axonal transport of clathrin-associated proteins.

Abstract Clathrin, the main constituent of coated vesicles, is anterogradely transported exclusively in the slow component b (SCb) of axonal transport. However, it has not been shown whether the 30–36-kDa clathrin-associated proteins (CAPs), which may regulate assembly of clathrin into coated vesicles, are transported along with clathrin in SCb. Clarification of this point has implications for the functional state of anterogradely transported clathrin. To investigate CAPs transport, retinal ganglion cells of the guinea pig were labeled with35S-methionine and the optic nerves harvested at 6 h, 4 days, and 30 days to collect radiolabeled proteins from each major rate component of axonal fast component (FC), slow component a (SCa), and SCb. The radiolabeled rate component proteins were analyzed by using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The results showed that CAPs, like clathrin, were transported exclusively with the proteins of SCb. In addition, a comparison of radiolabeled CAPs isolated from axons with whole-brain CAPs failed to demonstrate an appreciable difference in molecular weight or isoelectric point between the two, suggesting that CAPs did not undergo a major post translational modification upon passage into the synaptic terminal. It appears that the distinctive micro-environment within the synaptic terminal is likely to contribute to the ability of clathrin and CAPs to interact with membranes.
Microsatellite mutation (CAG24-->18) in the androgen receptor gene in human prostate cancer.

Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a polymorphic CAG microsatellite that codes for a variable length of glutamine repeats in the AR protein. Microsatellite DNA sequences may be potential sites of genetic instability. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we screened 40 human prostate cancer specimens for expansions or deletions of this microsatellite. In one patient, nontumor DNA yielded a single PCR product, as expected for the AR, but the tumor DNA yielded two discrete products, one identical to normal, and a second smaller one. Direct sequencing revealed that the nontumor tissue contained 24 CAGs, whereas the tumor contained one fragment with 24 CAGs (wild-type) and a second fragment with 18 CAGs (mutant), representing a somatic contraction of the AR CAG repeat (CAG 24 →CAG 18 ) in the tumor. Interestingly, this patient manifested a paradoxical agonistic response to hormonal therapy with the antiandrogen flutamide.
Permissive role of calcium on regulatory volume decrease in freshly isolated mouse cholangiocytes

Calcium (Ca2+) pathways are important in cell volume regulation in many cells, but its role in volume regulatory processes in cholangiocytes is unclear. Thus, we have investigated the role of Ca2+ in regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in cholangiocytes using freshly isolated bile duct cell clusters (BDCCs) from normal mouse. No significant increase in [Ca2+]i was observed during RVD, while ionomycin and ATP showed significant increases. Confocal imaging also showed no significant changes in the levels or distributions of intracellular Ca2+ during RVD. Cell volume study by quantitative videomicroscopy indicated that removal and chelation of extracellular Ca2+ by ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or administration of nifedipine did not affect RVD but verapamil significantly inhibited the RVD. Moreover, Ca2+ agonists or inhibitors of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores had no significant effect on RVD. However, 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′N′-tetraacetic acid-AM (BAPTA-AM) showed significant decreases in [Ca2+]i and significantly inhibited RVD, which was reversed with coadministration of valinomycin, suggesting that BAPTA-AM-induced inhibition is due to potassium conductance or other cellular processes requiring permissive [Ca2+]i. These findings indicate that an increase in [Ca2+]i or extracellular Ca2+ is not required for RVD but Ca2+ has a permissive role in RVD of mouse cholangiocytes.
Efficient generation of ozone in arrays of microchannel plasmas

Ozone is produced efficiently in arrays of low-temperature, linear microplasmas having a trapezoidal or parabolic cross-sectional profile and generated within nanoporous alumina (Al2O3) microchannels. Fabricated from aluminum foil by wet chemical processing, micropowder ablation, and one photolithographic step, arrays of microchannel plasma devices 3 cm in length and 250 µm in width at the aperture of the channel produce spatially uniform glow discharges in O2 feedstock gas at a pressure of 1 atm and flow rates of 0.25–2.5 standard litres per minute. Several device and array structures, incorporating embedded electrodes and Al/Al2O3 or glass channels, have been fabricated and tested extensively. A design based solely on microchannels fabricated in nanoporous alumina, flanked by Al electrodes buried in the channel wall, is found to be superior in performance to other materials and geometries. Altering the electric field profile inside the microchannels (by means of the electrode geometry) is found to have a significant impact on the reactor efficiency. Ozone output is observed to scale linearly with the number of microchannels in the array and the feedstock gas flow rate. Efficiencies and O3 concentrations surpassing 85 g kWh−1 and 17 g m−3, respectively, have been measured, and arrays as large as 120 microchannels have been realized to date. The results presented here suggest a new approach to plasma-chemical reactors, one in which ‘massively parallel’ processing of one or more gases in non-streamer (glow) discharges efficiently produces products of commercial value in thousands of micropores or microchannels fabricated in recyclable and inexpensive materials. Reductions of an order of magnitude in the weight and volume of microplasma-based O3 reactors, relative to conventional dielectric barrier discharge technology, appear to be feasible.
βIII-Tubulin Induces Paclitaxel Resistance in Association with Reduced Effects on Microtubule Dynamic Instability

The development of resistance to paclitaxel in tumors is one of the most significant obstacles to successful therapy. Overexpression of the betaIII-tubulin isotype has been associated with paclitaxel resistance in a number of cancer cell lines and in tumors, but the mechanism of resistance has remained unclear. Paclitaxel inhibits cancer cell proliferation by binding to the beta-subunit of tubulin in microtubules and suppressing microtubule dynamic instability, leading to mitotic arrest and cell death. We hypothesized that betaIII-tubulin overexpression induces resistance to paclitaxel either by constitutively enhancing microtubule dynamic instability in resistant cells or by rendering the microtubules less sensitive to the suppression of dynamics by paclitaxel. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells that inducibly overexpress either betaI- or betaIII-tubulin, we analyzed microtubule dynamic instability during interphase by microinjection of rhodamine-labeled tubulin and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. In the absence of paclitaxel, there were no differences in any aspect of dynamic instability between the two beta-tubulin-overexpressing cell types. However, in the presence of 150 nm paclitaxel, dynamic instability was suppressed to a significantly lesser extent (suppressed only 12%) in cells overexpressing betaIII-tubulin than in cells overexpressing similar levels of betaI-tubulin (suppressed 47%). The results suggest that overexpression of betaIII-tubulin induces paclitaxel resistance by reducing the ability of paclitaxel to suppress microtubule dynamics. The results also suggest that endogenous regulators of microtubule dynamics may differentially interact with individual tubulin isotypes, supporting the idea that differential expression of tubulin isotypes has functional consequences in cells.
Astonishing Alkylation and Unusual Reduction Reactions of Anionic Titanium(II) Isopropoxide Complexes: Evidence for SET Processes in Transition‐Metal Oxidative Additions

A mixture of titanium(II) isopropoxide and lithium isopropoxide (1:2), generated in THF by the treatment of titanium(IV) isopropoxide with two equivalents of n-butyllithium, has been shown to be an unexpected alkylating agent as well as an unusual reducing agent for a wide variety of organic substrates. Since titanium(II) isopropoxide, which is free of any lithium isopropoxide, neither causes alkylation of any of the same substrates nor is such a powerful reductant, it is proposed that the lithium isopropoxide activates titanium(II) isopropoxide for such unusual reactions by the formation of the lithium salt coordination complex Li2Ti[OiPr]4. Illustrative of the unprecedented alkylations are the transformations, after hydrolysis, of various substituted benzonitriles to isopropyl-substituted phenyl ketones, of (dichloromethyl)benzene to, principally, 2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propene and of (trichloromethyl)benzene to isopropyl phenyl ketone. By comparing the reducing actions of Li2Ti[OiPr]4 and Ti[OiPr]2 individually, it has been shown that, generally, the lithium salt is the more powerful reductant for epoxides, benzylic halides and conjugated olefins. From the reactions of Li2Ti[OiPr]4 with the benzonitriles, styrene, the isomeric stilbene oxides and cis-stilbene, cogent evidence is marshaled for the operation of SET processes, sensitive to steric hindrance, in such alkylations and reductions. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
American Telemedicine Association: First China (Tianjin) International Telemedicine Technology Exhibition

With the support of Tianjin Municipal People’s Government and the People’s Government of Binhai New Area, the “First China (Tianjin) International Telemedicine Technology Exhibition” hosted by the American Telemedicine Association (ATA), will be held October 28- 30, 2014 at the Tianjin Binhai International Convention and Exhibition Center. The three day event will feature keynote sessions, concurrent discussion forums, exhibits (e.g., telemedicine, information technology, mHealth), a venture summit, meet-and-greet sessions for international and domestic companies for potential business collaboration, and policy discussions on China healthcare. For registration information: http://www.atacn.org/en/
Prostacyclin in experimental myocardial ischemia: effects on hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, infarct size and mortality.

Abstract To determine the actions of prostacyclin in acute myocardial ischemia, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated in 26 anesthetized dogs. At 15 and 45 minutes after coronary ligation, regional myocardial blood flow (ml/min per 100 g) and cardiac output (ml/min) were measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique (strontium-85 or cerium-141 18 to 10μ]). The dogs were randomly allocated 17 minutes after coronary ligation to a control group (n = 17) or to treatment with prostacyclin infusion at 0.32 μg/kg per min for 6 hours (n = 9). Heart rate and cardiac output were unchanged (p > 0.05) by prostacyclin; mean systemic arterial pressure decreased from 121 ± 8 to 90 ± 3 mm Hg (mean ± standard error of the mean) (p −5 (p 0.05) from 22 ± 5 to 20 ± 4 ml/min. Thus, the ratio of ischemic to nonischemic flow was increased by prostacyclin from 0.20 ± 0.03 to 0.25 ± 0.05 (p 0.05). In the control dogs, all variables remained constant (p > 0.05) from 15 to 45 minutes. Mortality to 6 hours after coronary ligation was 0 of 9 in prostacyclin-treated versus 6 of 17 (35 percent) in control dogs (p 0.05). Thus, prostacyclin in acute myocardial ischemia decreases myocardial oxygen demands, maintains ischemic myocardial blood flow while decreasing nonischemic flow, and greatly reduces early mortality.
Comparing clinician ratings of the quality of palliative care in the intensive care unit.

Objective: There are numerous challenges to successfully integrating palliative care in the intensive care unit. Our primary goal was to describe and compare the quality of palliative care delivered in an intensive care unit as rated by physicians and nurses working in that intensive care unit. Design: Multisite study using self-report questionnaires. Setting: Thirteen hospitals throughout the United States. Participants: Convenience sample of 188 physicians working in critical care (attending physicians, critical care fellows, resident physicians) and 289 critical care nurses. Measurements and Main Results: Clinicians provided overall ratings of the care delivered by either nurses or physicians in their intensive care unit for each of seven domains of intensive care unit palliative care using a 0 –10 scale (0 indicating the worst possible and 10 indicating the best possible care). Analyses included descriptive statistics to characterize measurement characteristics of the ten items, paired Wilcoxon tests comparing item ratings for the domain of symptom management with all other item ratings, and regression analyses assessing differences in ratings within and between clinical disciplines. We used p < .001 to denote statistical significance to address multiple comparisons. The ten items demonstrated good content validity with few missing responses or ceiling or floor effects. Items receiving the lowest ratings assessed spiritual support for families, emotional support for intensive care unit clinicians, and palliative-care education for intensive care unit clinicians. All but two items were rated significantly lower than the item assessing symptom management (p < .001). Nurses rated nursing care significantly higher (p < .001) than physicians rated physician care in five domains. In addition, although nurses and physicians gave comparable ratings to palliative care delivered by nurses, nurses’ and physicians’ ratings of physician care were significantly different with nurse ratings of this care lower than physician ratings on all but one domain. Conclusion: Our study supports the content validity of the ten overall rating items and supports the need for improvement in several aspects of palliative care, including spiritual support for families, emotional support for clinicians, and clinician education about palliative care in the intensive care unit. Furthermore, our findings provide some preliminary support for surveying intensive care unit clinicians as one way to assess the quality of palliative care in the intensive care unit. (Crit Care Med 2011; 39:000 – 000)
The Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) Contained within the RNA-binding Motif Protein 3 (Rbm3) mRNA Is Composed of Functionally Distinct Elements

Although the internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes) of viral mRNAs are highly structured and comprise several hundred nucleotides, there is a variety of evidence indicating that very short nucleotide sequences, both naturally occurring and synthetic, can similarly mediate internal initiation of translation. In this study, we performed deletion and mutational analyses of an IRES contained within the 720-nucleotide (nt) 5′ leader of the Rbm3 mRNA and demonstrated that this IRES is highly modular, with at least 9 discrete cis-acting sequences. These cis-acting sequences include a 22-nt IRES module, a 10-nt enhancer, and 2 inhibitory sequences. The 22-nt sequence was shown to function as an IRES when tested in isolation, and we demonstrated that it did not enhance translation by functioning as a transcriptional promoter, enhancer, or splice site. The activities of all 4 cis-acting sequences were further confirmed by their mutation in the context of the full IRES. Interestingly, one of the inhibitory cis-acting sequences is contained within an upstream open reading frame (uORF), and its activity seems to be masked by translation of this uORF. Binding studies revealed that all 4 cis-acting sequences could bind specifically to distinct cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, the 22-nt IRES module was shown to bind specifically to 40 S ribosomal subunits. The results demonstrate that different types of cis-acting sequences mediate or modulate translation of the Rbm3 mRNA and suggest that one of the IRES modules contained within the 5′ leader facilitates translation initiation by binding directly to 40 S ribosomal subunits.
Personal exposure to 25 volatile organic compounds. EPA's 1987 team study in Los Angeles, California

The US EPA and the California Air Resources Board studied the exposures of 51 residents of Los Angeles, CA to 25 volatile organic chemicals in air and drinking water in February and July of 1987. Participants carried a personal air monitor consisting of a Tenax cartridge and a small sampling pump for two consecutive 12-hour periods. Concurrently, outdoor air samples were collected in the back yards and indoor air samples were collected in the kitchen and living room. Breath samples were collected at the beginning, middle, and end of the 24-hour monitoring period using a vanmounted spirometer employing Tedlar bags followed by collection on Tenax cartridges. All analyses were by GC/MS. Air exchange measurements were made at all homes using the perfluorotracer method. For most chemicals, personal air concentrations were greater than indoor air levels, which were in turn greater than outdoor air concentrations. Breath concentrations were more stable than air exposures and were significantly correlated with previous exposure. Using the air exchange measurements, whole-house source strengths were estimated to range between approximately zero for carbon tetrachloride to 10,000 micrograms/h for para-dichlorobenzene. Ambient concentrations in February were two-three times those in July, perhaps due to strong inversions.
Analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk from the UK

Abstract As a contribution to the WHO/EURO coordinated studies of PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk, pooled samples from two different regions within the UK have been analysed for PCDDs and PCDFs. The method of analysis was validated by participation in a WHO/EURO interlaboratory quality control study. The total PCDD and PCDF levels in the two samples, calculated using the Nordic toxic equivalents scheme, were 37.0 and 29.1 ng/kg on a fat basis.
Measurements of a zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer blown by an asymmetric jet

Measurements were made in a two-dimensional wall jet submerged under a thick upstream boundary layer and advancing into a zero-pressure-gradient flow with the ratios of jet velocity to the freestream velocity confined to a practical range (less than 2). The effect on the flow development of an asymmetric wall-jet velocity profile with a relatively higher concentration of momentum away from the wall was investigated. The flow was computed using an existing method for blown boundary layers, and the results show good agreement with experimental data.
Hypertonic saline improves brain resuscitation in a pediatric model of head injury and hemorrhagic shock

Abstract Introduction: Brain injury accompanied by hypovolemic shock is a frequent cause of death in multiply injured children. Hypertonic saline (HTS) has been shown to return hemodynamics to normal in adult models, without increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) as seen with crystalloids. To assess fluid resuscitation, the authors evaluated HTS versus lactated Ringer's solution (LR) with respect to hemodynamics and cerebrovascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation (Sco 2 in anesthetized, head-injured, 1-month-old piglets. Methods: Group 1 (n =6) was studied for 3.5 hours after a cryogenic brain injury and no shock. Groups 2 and 3 had cryogenic brain injury followed by hemorrhagic shock, in which mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced to 40 to 50 mm Hg and maintained for 30 minutes. Group 2 (n = 5) was then resuscitated with 1 mL of 7.5% HTS per 1 mL of blood loss. Group 3 (n = 6) was resuscitated with 3 mL of LR per 1 mL of blood loss. Sco 2 was determined by near-infrared spectroscopy in the injured region of the brain. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: MAP, ICP, temperature, serum sodium, and cardiac output (CO) were similar in all groups during baseline and between groups 2 and 3 during shock. After resuscitation, MAP, CO, and core temperature were similar in all three groups, and serum sodium was increased in the HTS group (by 29%). Sco 2 increased transiently after cryogenic injury in all groups, then gradually decreased to below baseline. After shock, Sco 2 decreased precipitously in groups 2 and 3. After resuscitation, Sco 2 was different in the two resuscitation groups, increasing in the HTS group, above baseline values, but remaining below baseline values in the LR group ( P P Conclusion: In our model of head injury and shock, resuscitation with either HTS or LR restored MAP and CO to control levels. However, during shock, the injured brain was severely deoxygenated, and administration of HTS restored cerebral oxygenation whereas LR did not, reflecting improved cerebral resuscitation by HTS without elevating ICP. The data suggest that HTS is a better resuscitation fluid than LR in head-injured children with hemorrhagic shock.
New three-dimensional k-->.p--> model for the electronic structure of A-15 compounds and application to anomalous properties of V 3 Si and Nb 3 Sn in the cubic phase

A new three-dimensional $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{p}}$ model for the electronic structure of $A\ensuremath{-}15$ compounds is presented. The model is based upon the sixfold degenerate electronic bands with symmetry R(4) of space group ${O}_{h}^{3}$. The Hamiltonian is constructed by using a generalized $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{p}}$ method: this employs the relevant Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for R(4) $\ensuremath{\bigotimes}$ R(4), and simplifications were made to enable calculations to be performed. The density of states obtained shows an enhancement in a relatively narrow energy range. Several physical properties were calculated in the cubic phase with very good agreement with experimental results; these are the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and temperature-dependent shear-mode elastic constant in the range of ${300}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{K}gTg{T}_{m}$. The calculated effect of magnetic field on the shear-mode sound velocity and on the structural transition temperature ${T}_{m}$ is in satisfactory agreement with experiment. The tetragonal distortion at ${T}_{m}$ is estimated. This model differs from previous models in not using one-dimensionality, quasi-one-dimensionality, or a tight-binding approximation.
Gestalt theory, engagement and interaction

This paper presents a design exploration research project in which principles derived from Gestalt theory were applied as a framework for guiding human-computer interaction (HCI). The analysis contained within examines how a Gestalt approach to HCI can be used to enhance engagement and promote user interaction. The concepts discussed in this analysis are supported by a series of informal user observations.
“The Success of Gentleness”: Homosocial Desire and the Homosexual Personality in the Novels of William Godwin

This article explores William Godwin’s work in his novels to expose ways in which traditional conceptions of masculinity foster aggression and rivalry between men. For Godwin, the destructiveness of such interactions profoundly threatened the potential he saw for the perfectibility of human nature and social relationships. From his early novel Imogen to the deeply psychological Caleb Williams, Fleetwood, and Mandeville, Godwin frequently illustrates the injurious potential of homosocial and homoerotic desire. In many of these instances, such desire is depicted through the use of subtle allusions to classical conceptions of friendship. In the case of Cloudesley, Godwin carries this project further, developing a persona in the hero Julian, whose gentle, feminized personality works to soften the more traditionally masculine and destructive men around him. As a new conception of the male personality, Julian exemplifies Godwin’s argument that “disinterested affection” is the only means towards a more perfect global society. In Godwin’s career as a novelist, therefore, we see an early suggestion that social progress demands a redefinition of traditional conceptions of gender.
Labile Crosslinks in Saturated Elastomers as Measured by Stress Relaxation

Abstract Stress relaxation measurements have been made on ethylene propylene terpolymer (EPT) vulcanizates. The relative stability of the EPT backbone, compared with highly unsaturated elastomers, makes it possible to isolate the reactivity of the crosslink. The effects of type of cure, cure time and change of atmosphere on the stress relaxation characteristics have been studied.
Approximations to and local properties of diffusions with discontinuous controls

The paper discusses several properties of control systems defined by stochastic differential equations, which are defined by the method of Girsanov, using a transformation of measures, and where the controls are discontinuous. Uniqueness of the multivariate distributions of the process is proved, and it is shown that the process is a limit, in a natural sense, of a certain discrete time approximation. Other questions, concerning the effects on the distributions of the paths, and of the cost of approximating the control by a smooth control and concerning local properties of the solution, are discussed.
Biochemical and structural characterization of a ureidoglycine aminotransferase in the klebsiella pneumoniae uric acid catabolic pathway

Many plants, fungi, and bacteria catabolize allantoin as a mechanism for nitrogen assimilation. Recent reports have shown that in plants and some bacteria the product of hydrolysis of allantoin by allantoinase is the unstable intermediate ureidoglycine. While this molecule can spontaneously decay, genetic analysis of some bacterial genomes indicates that an aminotransferase may be present in the pathway. Here we present evidence that Klebsiella pneumoniae HpxJ is an aminotransferase that preferentially converts ureidoglycine and an α-keto acid into oxalurate and the corresponding amino acid. We determined the crystal structure of HpxJ, allowing us to present an explanation for substrate specificity.
Time-dependent hartree-fock study of angular momentum transfer in 6 and 12 MeV/A heavy ion reactions of 86Kr on 166Er

Abstract Three-dimensional TDHF calculations are performed for 86 Kr+ 166 Er at 6 and 12.2 MeV/ A from which we obtain Wilczynski plots and angular momentum loss curves versus incoming angular momentum. These compare well with recent experimental data from GSI and are consistent with the observed fast projectile fission at 12.2 MeV/ A . Finite cross sections for capture as nuclear molecules are predicted.
MALE AND FEMALE STEWARDS' GRIEVANCE BEHAVIOR: CONGRUITY WITH SEX-ROLE STEREOTYPES

Summary.-The union steward, a critical actor in the grievance process, has been virtually overlooked in empirical research. Specifically, while effects of sex in the workplace have been documented, these effects in union stewards remain unexplored. This research indicates significant differences in the number of grievances filed, frequency of informally resolving grievances with supervision, and frequency of counseling potential grievants not to file berween 35 male and 21 female union stewards. Implications are offered for theorists and practitioners alike.
In vitro production of male sterile Zinnia elegans

Axillary bud proliferation of Zinnia elegans Jacq. was accomplished from vegetative bud explants of greenhouse-grown plants. Photoperiod extension via metalarc lamps in the greenhouse stock plant environment significantly increased both the quantity and quality of explants. Shoot cultures initiated from axillary buds of identified male sterile plants proliferated best on a medium with 1μM BAP. Microshoots exhibited 80% rooting on media without growth regulators, and 100% acclimatization of rooted plantlets was accomplished in a lighted, high humidity chamber. In vitro- produced male sterile plants were more compact, more heavily branched, and demonstrated earlier flowering than seed-propagated plants. These male steriles were cross pollinated to male fertile lines to verify their ability to serve as a uniform female parent.
Harnessing many-core processors for scalable, highly efficient, and adaptable firewall solutions

Many-core processors have become the mainstay of today's computing systems. This fact and their ease of accessibility is now broadening the horizons of computational advances. In this work, we demonstrate the use of many-core processing platforms to provide scalable, efficient, and easily configurable firewall implementations on many-core processors. Our work has made possible, to the best of our knowledge, a first-known pipelined and scalable implementation of a stateful firewall on many-core processors. We discuss the results of our work and highlight areas for future considerations and improvements. Although this work focuses on the firewall as an exemplar network protection tool, the ideas developed apply to other network processing applications like network intrusion detection systems.
Mitigating mechanical failure of crystalline silicon electrodes for lithium batteries by morphological design

Although crystalline silicon (c-Si) anodes promise very high energy densities in Li-ion batteries, their practical use is complicated by amorphization, large volume expansion and severe plastic deformation upon lithium insertion. Recent experiments have revealed the existence of a sharp interface between crystalline Si (c-Si) and the amorphous LixSi alloy during lithiation, which propagates with a velocity that is orientation dependent; the resulting anisotropic swelling generates substantial strain concentrations that initiate cracks even in nanostructured Si. Here we describe a novel strategy to mitigate lithiation-induced fracture by using pristine c-Si structures with engineered anisometric morphologies that are deliberately designed to counteract the anisotropy in the crystalline/amorphous interface velocity. This produces a much more uniform volume expansion, significantly reducing strain concentration. Based on a new, validated methodology that improves previous models of anisotropic swelling of c-Si, we propose optimal morphological designs for c-Si pillars and particles. The advantages of the new morphologies are clearly demonstrated by mesoscale simulations and verified by experiments on engineered c-Si micropillars. The results of this study illustrate that morphological design is effective in improving the fracture resistance of micron-sized Si electrodes, which will facilitate their practical application in next-generation Li-ion batteries. The model and design approach present in this paper also have general implications for the study and mitigation of mechanical failure of electrode materials that undergo large anisotropic volume change upon ion insertion and extraction.
SIGF: a family of configurable, secure routing protocols for wireless sensor networks

As sensor networks are deployed in adversarial environments and used for critical applications such as battlefield surveillance and medical monitoring, security weaknesses become a big concern. The severe resource constraints of WSNs give rise to the need for resource bound security solutions.In this paper we present SIGF (Secure Implicit Geographic Forwarding), a configurable secure routing protocol family for wireless sensor networks that provides "good enough" security and high performance. By avoiding or limiting shared state, the protocols prevent many common attacks against routing, and contain others to the local neighborhood.SIGF makes explicit the tradeoff between security provided and state which must be stored and maintained. It comprises three protocols, each forming a basis for the next: SIGF-0 keeps no state, but provides probabilistic defenses; SIGF-1 uses local history and reputation to protect against certain attacks; and SIGF-2 uses neighborhood-shared state to provide stronger security guarantees.Our performance evaluation shows that SIGF achieves high packet delivery ratios with low overhead and end-to-end delay. We evaluate the security of SIGF protocols under various security attacks and show that it effectively contains the damage from compromised nodes and defends against black hole, selective forwarding, Sybil, and some denial of service attacks.
Photometry from Voyager 2: Initial Results from the Uranian Atmosphere, Satellites, and Rings

The results of Voyager 2 photopolarimetry (PPS) surveys of Uranus, the ring system, occultation experiments and observations of the Uranian moons are reported. Dual-channel photometry and polarimetry data obtained of the atmosphere at various emission and phase angles are delineated and compared with characteristics of the Saturn and Jupiter atmospheres. The results of temperature, UV absorption and density profile calculations are also discussed. Extensive ring dimensional data, based on two occultation experiments, are provided in tabular form noting that the rings contain no dust. Finally, the geometric albedos of the five major moons and the phase curve of the moon Titania are presented. The latter data indicate that Titanian surface features are not the result of recent events such as volcanism or ice slurry outflows.
Targeted diagnostics and therapeutics for individualized patient management

Scott Waldman1† & Andre Terzic2† †Authors for correspondence 1Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 South 10th Street, 1170 Main, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA E-mail: scott.waldman@ jefferson.edu 2Mayo Clinic, Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases & Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, S.W. Rochester, MN 55905, USA E-mail: terzic.andre@ mayo.edu
The Representation of Elementary Systems

The systems with which we have dealt up to now can be labeled elementary systems as they contain few electrons in few orbitals. A more specific definition of the term “elementary system” is not useful because any large system can be viewed as a composite of elementary systems of arbitrary complexity. As we have seen, a ground elementary system can be represented by a bond diagram which constitutes the pictorial depiction of the corresponding optimal ground state wavefunction, Ψ. We now seek an approximate representation which makes evident how bonds are made in an elementary system which is more complex than those we have already discussed.
An approach for the stable immobilization of proteins

An approach is presented for the stable covalent immobilization of proteins with a high retention of biological activity. First, chemical modification studies were used to establish enzyme structural and functional properties relevant to the covalent immobilization of an enzyme to agarose based supports. Heparinase was used as a model enzyme in this set of studies. Amine modifications result in 75-100% activity loss, but the effect is moderated by a reduction in the degree of derivatization. N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1,1,1-trifluoroethanesulfonic acid, and epoxide activated agarose were utilized to determine the effect of amine reactive supports on immobilized enzyme activity retention. Cysteine modifications resulted in 25-50% loss in activity, but free cysteines were inaccessible to either immobilized bromoacetyl or p-chloromercuribenzoyl groups. Amine reactive coupling chemistries were therefore utilized for the covalent immobilization of heparinase. Second, to ensure maximal stability of the immobile protein-support linkage, the identification and subsequent elimination of the principal sources of protein detachment were systematically investigated. By using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrophoresis, and radiolabeling techniques, the relative contributions of four potential detachment mechanisms-support degradation, proteolytic degradation, desorption of noncovalently bound protein, and bond solvolysis-were quantified. The mechanisms of lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, and heparinase leakage from N-hydroxysuccinimide or 1,1,1-trifluoroethanesulfonic acid activated agarose were elucidated. By use of stringent postimmobilization support wash procedures, noncovalently bound protein loss. An effective postimmobilization washing procedure is presented for the removal of adsorbed protein and the complete elimination of immobilized protein loss.
Cricopharyngeal achalasia in children: botulinum toxin injection as a tool for diagnosis and treatment.

Objectives/Hypothesis Characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing cricopharyngeus injection with botulinum toxin for the treatment of cricopharyngeal achalasia were reviewed. A parental telephone survey was performed to assess improvement and satisfaction. Study Design Retrospective review of patients who underwent injection of the cricopharyngeus with botulinum toxin for cricopharyngeal achalasia. A prospective survey of postoperative symptoms and parental satisfaction was also performed. Methods After institutional review board approval, children with cricopharyngeal achalasia who underwent injection with botulinum toxin were identified. Specific parameters were recorded for each patient. A survey of the parents' satisfaction and subjective improvement was then conducted. Results Six children were identified with cricopharyngeal achalasia, with an age range of 3 months to 10 years. Symptoms varied and five of the six children required some form of altered nutrition. Preoperative studies varied, and the number of injections ranged from one to three per patient. One child had transient worsening of aspiration. Two children benefited from injections and went on to myotomy, while four children did not require myotomy and their symptoms were treated with injections alone. A parental survey was performed via telephone. All parents were satisfied with the procedure. Three children were symptom-free, and three children still exhibit some dysphagia. Conclusions Botulinum toxin injection is a useful tool to help diagnose and treat pediatric cricopharyngeal achalasia. More research is needed to elucidate optimal dosing, frequency of injections, and when to move on to surgical intervention. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 124:1475–1480, 2014
Change of cerebral blood volume over the respiratory cycle during elevated intracranial pressure

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that during intact regulation of cerebral blood flow, difference of intracranial blood volume change between the two phases of respiration increases with increasing mean intracranial pressure. As a corollary to this hypothesis, when regulation of cerebral blood flow fails, changes of intracranial blood volume will fail to increase with increasing intracranial pressure. With the use of a laboratory model, intracranial pressure was manipulated by infusion of fluid into a balloon placed within the cranium. Electrocardiographic, arterial, intracranial, and jugular pressure signals were digitally recorded. To calculate change of blood volume during each phase of respiration, characteristics of the jugular pressure signal were used to detect the beginning and end of inhalation and the end of the expiration phase. Preliminary results indicate that during regulation of cerebral blood flow, difference in intracranial blood between the two phases of respiration increased with increasing mean intracranial pressure. In contrast, during deregulation of cerebral blood flow, difference of cerebral blood volume change between the respiratory phases failed to increase with increasing intracranial pressure. >
Interaction Profiles of Protein Kinase−Inhibitor Complexes and Their Application to Virtual Screening

A major challenge facing structure-based drug discovery efforts is how to leverage the massive amount of experimental (X-ray and NMR) and virtual structural information generated from drug discovery projects. Many important drug targets have large numbers of protein-inhibitor complexes, necessitating tools to compare and contrast their similarities and differences. This information would be valuable for understanding potency and selectivity of inhibitors and could be used to define target constraints to assist virtual screening. We describe a profile-based approach that enables us to capture the conservation of interactions between a set of protein-ligand receptor complexes. The use of profiles provides a sensitive means to compare multiple inhibitors binding to a drug target. We demonstrate the utility of profile-based analysis of small molecule complexes from the protein-kinase family to identify similarities and differences in binding of ATP, p38, and CDK2 compounds to kinases and how these profiles can be applied to differentiate the selectivity of these inhibitors. Importantly, our virtual screening results demonstrate superior enrichment of kinase inhibitors using profile-based methods relative to traditional scoring functions. Interaction-based analysis should provide a valuable tool for understanding inhibitor binding to other important drug targets.
INVESTIGATING THE BIODIVERSITY, ECOLOGY, AND PHYLOGENY OF ENDOSYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATES IN THE GENUS SYMBIODINIUM USING THE ITS REGION: IN SEARCH OF A “SPECIES” LEVEL MARKER

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from 47 Symbiodinium (Freudenthal) isolates cultured from 34 different host species and two populations sampled from nature were sequenced and compared. Of these, 17 distinct ITS types were identified. The described species Symbiodinium goreaui, S. kawagutii, S. pilosum (Trench and Blank), S. microadriaticum (Freudenthal), and S. (=Gymnodinium) linucheae (Trench and Thinh) had ITS sequences distinct from each other. Four of these species share identical ITS sequences with uncharacterized isolates. Sequence differences among other isolates indicate that at least seven other cultured types await formal species descriptions, whereas numerous others most likely exist in nature. The Symbiodinium phylogeny is positively correlated with cell size, mycosporine-like amino acid production (UV protection), and host infectivity, whereas the production of water-soluble peridinin–chl a–protein homodimer and monomer apoproteins and isoenzyme similarity do not correlate. There is evidence, based on the lack of phylogenetic congruency with allelic variability, that sexual recombination occurs at some frequency among Symbiodinium populations. Symbiodinium isolates from the Caribbean possess identical ITS sequences to isolates originating from the Red Sea or the western Pacific. These findings indicate that some Symbiodinium species may have global biogeographic distributions.
Understanding communication during hospitalist service changes: a mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: Little data exist to inform hospitalist communication during service changes. OBJECTIVE: To characterize hospitalist handoffs during service changes. DESIGN: Serial survey study. SETTING: Single academic medical center. MEASUREMENTS: From May to December 2007, 60 service changes among 17 hospitalists on a nonteaching service were targeted for evaluation using an anonymous 18-item survey that was completed by hospitalists within 48 hours of assuming care for patients. Survey items assessed completeness of handoff communication, certainty of patient care plans, missed information, time spent recovering information, and near misses/adverse events due to incomplete handoffs. The association between completeness of communication and handoff outcomes was examined. Narrative comments were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent (56/60) of surveys were returned. All 17 hospitalists participated. Thirteen percent of respondents reported incomplete handoffs and 18% were uncertain of care plan on transition day. At least 1 near miss, attributable to incomplete communication was reported by 16%. Hospitalists who reported incomplete handoffs were more likely to report uncertainty about patient care plans on the transition day (71% incomplete vs. 10% complete, P < 0.01), discovery of missing information (71% incomplete vs. 24% complete, P = 0.01), near misses/adverse events (57% incomplete vs. 10% complete, P < 0.01), and more time resolving issues arising from missed information (71% incomplete vs. 22% complete, P < 0.01). Qualitative comments suggest the need for a more systematic, focused, team-based, and patient-centered handoff model. CONCLUSIONS: Incomplete handoffs during service changes are associated with uncertainty and potential patient harm. Suggestions to improve the completeness of hospitalist service change communications are offered. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:535–540. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.