cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laure Conan: Un Théatre au Féminin au 19e siècle

Although Laure Conan was known primarily as Quebec's first woman novelist, she was also one of only two woman playwrights in l9th-century Quebec. In the male-dominated Quebecois theatre, the mere fact that she was a woman writing in a very conservative and patriotic framework makes her work something of an anomaly. In this article the author proposes to explore how Conan's plays are considered avant-garde in their feminist perspective while appearing to convey the traditional values expounded in the mainstream literature and theatre of the day. The analysis will focus on feminist speech act theory and on the role of the female characters in Conan's plays. Laure Conan, notre premiere romanciere quebecoise, etait l'une des deux seules dramaturges-femmes au 19e siecle au Quebec. Son theâtre, situe dans une epoque dominee par des valeurs conservatrices et patriotiques, s'avere peu ordinaire par le fait meme d'etre ecrit par une femme. Le but de cet article est d'elucider comment le theâtre de Conan peut a la fois etre a l'avant-garde de son temps, suggerant des revendications feministes, tout en adherant, au moins apparemment, aux valeurs traditionnelles vehiculees dans la litterature et le theâtre de l'epoque. Afin de saisir ces nuances, cette analyse portera sur la prise de parole chez la femme tout en examinant le role du personnage feminin dans le theâtre de Conan.
Fuzzy Queuing Theory

In this chapter we apply the results in Chapter 4 on fuzzy finite, regular, Markov chains to fuzzy queuing theory. The crisp system is as explained in Chapter 4: c parallel, independent, and identical servers, M ≥ c is system capacity (M — c maximum queue size), and a calling source so large that we may approximate it as an infinite calling source. We will model the crisp queuing system as a finite, regular, Markov chain. The other finite Markov chains discussed in Chapter 4 will only appear in Chapters 14.
Automatic Joint Parameter Estimation from Magnetic Motion Capture Data

This paper describes a technique for using magnetic motion capture data to determine the joint parameters of an articulated hierarchy. This technique makes it possible to determine limb lengths, joint locations, and sensor placement for a human subject without external measurements. Instead, the joint parameters are inferred with high accuracy from the motion data acquired during the capture session. The parameters are computed by performing a linear least squares fit of a rotary joint model to the input data. A hierarchical structure for the articulated model can also be determined in situations where the topology of the model is not known. Once the system topology and joint parameters have been recovered, the resulting model can be used to perform forward and inverse kinematic procedures. We present the results of using the algorithm on human motion capture data, as well as validation results obtained with data from a simulation and a wooden linkage of known dimensions.
Systems Biology: Transcriptional Regulatory Networks

The expression of the gene complement of a genome is carefully regulated. Only a fraction of the genes in a genome are expressed under a given condition or in a particular cell type. There is a complex transcriptional regulatory network that controls which genes are expressed in response to various environmental and developmental signals. Extensive effort is being devoted to the elucidation of the components of transcriptional regulatory networks and the links between them. The reconstruction methods that are being developed are based on both legacy and high-throughput data types, and notable progress is being made with a few specific cases. Although the comprehensive details are not yet available for any one transcriptional regulatory network, some of their fundamental principles have been elucidated and a conceptual framework for their hierarchical decomposition has been developed. Basic Properties The chemical conversions taking place in metabolic networks relate to the dismemberment and assembly of small molecules through a series of chemical transformations. In contrast, transcriptional regulatory networks involve the association and interaction of large molecules. They rely primarily on protein–protein interactions and DNA–protein interactions, although metabolites do participate directly in some of these transformations. The chemistry underlying these interactions is currently partially understood, but much progress is being made. Still, however, these networks are not as well assembled and characterized as metabolic networks.
Ten years later: the flood of 1997 and the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences.

Ten years ago, the University of North Dakota and its school of medicine and health sciences experienced the "flood of the millennium." All essential services were shut down, most community residents were evacuated, and the university closed for the remainder of the semester. The school of medicine and health sciences building was the hardest hit. However, the need to completely rebuild the lower level worked to the school's advantage, permitting a reconfiguration that supported the implementation of the school's new curriculum. After a natural disaster, recovery is probably the greater part of the story. From a difficult time, the school learned six lessons: (1) everyone is affected and individuals react differently, progressing through the process on different time lines, (2) it is important to pay attention to infrastructure concerns, (3) rumors must be confronted, (4) it is important to take one step forward at a time, remaining both optimistic and realistic, (5) the tremendous emotional impact of a disaster has to be recognized and accepted, and (6) recovery takes about five years. The university and the school identified many areas of excellence that helped in responding to the flood. Open discussion, a team attitude, and giving staff members latitude in decision making were important. Shutting down systems and turning off power and gas in buildings before they flooded and cleaning buildings before the flood ended prevented damage and saved dollars. Establishing a "virtual university" to facilitate communication, protecting undamaged infrastructure, and beginning recovery early fostered a faster recovery. Language: en
A Conflict Theory of Sexual Stratification

Employment discrimination against women is explained as the result of a distinctive system of stratification by sex. The fundamental bases of sexual stratification are human sexual drives in conjunction with male physical dominance. Variations in the social organization of violence and of economic markets determine the resources available to men and women in the struggle for control, and condition prevailing ideologies about sexuality. Historical changes in sexual roles are explained as results of shifts in these resources.
Oxidative Stress Mediates Radiation Lung Injury by Inducing Apoptosis

Purpose Apoptosis in irradiated normal lung tissue has been observed several weeks after radiation. However, the signaling pathway propagating cell death after radiation remains unknown. Methods and Materials C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with 15 Gy to the whole thorax. Pro-apoptotic signaling was evaluated 6 weeks after radiation with or without administration of AEOL10150, a potent catalytic scavenger of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Results Apoptosis was observed primarily in type I and type II pneumocytes and endothelium. Apoptosis correlated with increased PTEN expression, inhibition of downstream PI3K/AKT signaling, and increased p53 and Bax protein levels. Transforming growth factor-β1, Nox4, and oxidative stress were also increased 6 weeks after radiation. Therapeutic administration of AEOL10150 suppressed pro-apoptotic signaling and dramatically reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusion Increased PTEN signaling after radiation results in apoptosis of lung parenchymal cells. We hypothesize that upregulation of PTEN is influenced by Nox4-derived oxidative stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to highlight the role of PTEN in radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity.
Electrophoretic detection of multiple proteases from Schizophyllum commune.

Kilpatrik, R. A. 1968. Factors affecting black point of wheat in Texas 1964-67. Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 884. 11 p. Logrieco, A., A. Bottalico, A. Yisconti, and M. Yurro. 1988. Natural occurrence of Alternaria-mycoloxins in some plant products. Microbiol. Alim. Nutr. 6: 13-17. Machacek,J.E.,andF.J.Greaney. 1938. The "black point" of kernel smudge disease of cereals. Canad. J. Res. Sect. C 16: 84-114. Pero, R. W., H. Posner, M. Blois, D. Harvan, and J. W. Spalding. 1973. Toxicity of metabolites pro? duced by the Alternaria. Environ. Health Persp. 6: 87-94. Prabhu, A. S., and R. Prasada. 1965. Pathological and epidemiological studies on leaf blight of wheat caused by Alternaria triticina. Indian Phytopath. 19:95-112. Prasada, R., and A. S. Prabhu. 1962. Leaf blight of wheat caused by new species of Alternaria triticina. Indian Phytopath. 15: 292-293. Schroeder, H. W., and R. J. Cole. 1977. Natural occurrence of alternariol in discolored pecans. /. Agr. Food Chem. 25: 204-206. Seitz, L. M., D. B. Saver, H. E. Mohr, and R. Burroughs. 1975. Weathered grain sorghum: natural occurrence of alternariols and storability of the grain. Phytopathology 65: 1259-1263. Southwell, R. J., J. F. Brown, and P. T. W. Wong. 1980. Effect of inoculum density, stage of plant growth and dew period on the incidence of black point caused by Alternaria alternata in durum wheat. Ann. Appl. Biol. 96: 29-35. Stinson, E. E., D. F. Osman, E. G. Heisler, J. Siciliano, and D. D. Bills. 1981. Mycotoxin production in whole tomatoes, apples, oranges, and lemons. J. Agr. Food Chem. 29: 790-792. Verneal, R. B., M. E. Stack, and P. B. Mislivec. 1984. Incidence of toxic Alternaria species in small grains from the USA. J. Food Sci. 49: 1626-1627. Visconti, A., A. Logrieco, and A. Bottalico. 1986. Natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in olives?their production and possible transfer into the oil. Food Additives Contam. 4: 323-330. Waller, J. M. 1981. The recent spread of some trop? ical plant diseases. Trop. Pest Management 27: 360-362.
Comparative biochemical and stress analysis of genetically selected drosophila strains with different longevities

We have performed a comparative analysis of the effects of age of reproduction on the biochemical (protein, lipid, and glycogen content) and stress resistance (ability to survive starvation, desiccation, and exogenous paraquat) parameters on 10 sister lines of five different Drosophila strains. Four pairs of these sister lines were selected under different regimens for either early or delayed reproduction; the fifth pair was maintained in a nonselected state and served as the baseline strain to which all others were compared. It is generally accepted that the early regimens give rise to short-lived phenotypes, whereas the delayed regimens give rise to long-lived phenotypes. Our results suggest that a mechanism involving lipid and starvation resistance is not operative in our long-lived strains. In addition, a mechanism involving glycogen content and desiccation resistance is only weakly supported. Finally, there is strong support for a mechanism that gives rise to enhanced paraquat resistance and therefore may involve regulatory changes in the pattern of ADS gene expression. In addition, the 15-day early age of reproduction regimen (M type) shows qualitatively similar responses to that of the late age at reproduction regimen (L type). These results suggest that correlations between biochemical traits and longevity must be interpreted with caution. We discuss possible reasons for these results, including the possibility of multiple mechanisms, each leading to a different extended longevity phenotype.
Multiple roots in some equations of queueing theory

Examples are given of probability generating functions K(z) for which has nonhero multiple roots in 1. Cases in which the roots can be proved to be simple are also discussed
Tonic immobility in domestic fowl: Anticataleptic effects of quipazine☆

Abstract Quipazine, a putative serotonergic agonist, produced marked decreases in tonic immobility (TI) duration in doses of 5–25 mg/kg. Quipazine-treated animals required more elicitation attempts before displaying TI. Quipazine also blocked the haloperidol enhancement of tonic immobility. In a third experiment, quipazine produced stereotyped responses in chickens which yielded increases in activity on a stabilimeter platform. The results are discussed in terms of catalepsy and serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms.
Brain Matters: Practicing Religion, Forming The Faithful

Abstract Religious practices have long drawn on the social sciences to broaden our understanding of how human beings develop, learn, relate, and are formed. While the religion and science conversations have not always been friendly, a growing number of theologians and scientists are engaged in promising dialogues where the interests of both parties overlap. This article sketches three domains of recent neuroscientific research that show particular promise for those engaged in thinking about the practices of religious communities: Story telling, memory, and human relating. The purpose of the present discussion is threefold: (1) to demonstrate the ways the neurosciences are now making claims about matters that religious communities have experienced and pondered for millennia, (2) to acknowledge the contributions the sciences can make to our understanding of our religious practices, and (3) to suggest a methodology for engaging the sciences in ways that are, at the same time, faithful to our own religious tr...
A generalization of the Wiener rational basis functions on infinite intervals, Part II - Numerical investigation

In Part I we introduced the generalized Wiener rational basis functions, and here in Part II we continue our investigation with numerical experiments. Wiener's generalized basis can utilize the fast Fourier transform for integer values of the decay parameter s; we outline two algorithms for doing so. In addition, the issue of Galerkin representations for polynomial nonlinearities of expansions is addressed. The Wiener basis set is compared against domain truncation methods (Fourier and Chebyshev polynomials), Hermite functions, Sinc interpolations, and mapped Chebyshev expansions, and we show that for both exponentially and algebraically decaying functions, the Wiener approximation is as good as or superior to these alternatives. In addition, we carry out preliminary investigations regarding tuning of the decay parameter s. Numerical simulations of Korteweg-de Vries type equations show the effectiveness of the Wiener expansion. We also explore the practical use of the Wiener basis functions on the semi-infinite interval, which is compared against Laguerre function methods and other Jacobi polynomial mappings.
EUS-guided biopsy for the diagnosis and classification of lymphoma

Background EUS-guided FNA and Tru-cut biopsy (TCB) is highly accurate in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Subclassification, however, may be difficult in low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Objective To determine the yield of EUS-guided biopsy to classify lymphoma based on the World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic lymphoid tissues. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients A total of 24 patients referred for EUS-guided biopsy who had a final diagnosis of lymphoma or "highly suspicious for lymphoma." Interventions EUS-guided FNA and TCB combined with flow cytometry (FC) analysis. Main Outcomes Measurement Lymphoma subclassification accuracy of EUS guided biopsy. Results Twenty-four patients were included in this study. Twenty-three patients underwent EUS-FNA, and 1 patient had only TCB. Twenty-two underwent EUS-TCB combined with FNA. EUS correctly diagnosed lymphoma in 19 out of 24 patients (79%), and subclassification was determined in 16 patients (66.6%). Flow cytometry correctly identified B-cell monoclonality in 95% (18 out of 19). In 1 patient diagnosed as having marginal-zone lymphoma by EUS-FNA/FC only, the diagnosis was changed to hairy cell leukemia after a bone marrow biopsy was obtained. EUS had a lower yield in nonlarge B-cell lymphoma (only 9 out of 15 cases [60%]) compared with large B-cell lymphoma (78%; P = .3 [Fisher exact test]). Limitations Retrospective, small number of patients. Conclusion EUS-guided biopsy has a lower yield to correctly classify Hodgkin lymphoma and low-grade lymphoma compared with high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis: role of parvovirus B-19, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8

Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis is a self-limited disorder that typically presents in young females as painless cervical lymphadenopathy with fever, anemia, and leukopenia. The clinical manifestations and pathologic findings suggest a viral etiology, yet specific etiologic agents remain unknown. Although there are studies reporting positive associations between Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis and parvovirus B19 and herpesviruses, other studies have failed to find an association with these viruses. To our knowledge, this current study is the largest study of Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis in Western patients that used polymerase chain reaction testing for 4 different common viral pathogens often implicated as etiologic agents in Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis. Archival material from 3 institutions was included, following confirmation of the diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis by 2 independent pathologists. Polymerase chain reaction from the paraffin-embedded tissue sections for parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8 was performed. Eighteen cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis were analyzed, 12 of which (60%) were cervical lymph nodes. All the cases showed typical geographic necrosis with abundant apoptotic debris, although the degree of necrosis was variable. Polymerase chain reaction revealed a high prevalence of parvovirus B19 in the controls (44%); there were fewer positive cases seen in the Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis cases (11%), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = .25).There were no significant differences between cases and controls in the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, and human herpesvirus 8 (P = .50 for all 3). Polymerase chain reaction failed to reveal a positive association between Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis and 4 common suspected viral agents. These findings do not support a role for Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpesvirus 8, or parvovirus B19 in the pathogenesis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenitis.
DIFFUSION BY CONSTRAINT RELEASE IN BRANCHED MACROMOLECULAR MATRICES

Tracer diffusion coefficients of linear, deuterated polystyrene chains in three-arm symmetric and asymmetric star-branched polystyrene matrices were measured by forward recoil spectrometry. The stars are molecules that have a single branch extending from a longer linear segment. The lifetime of a lateral constraint on a diffusing molecule is derived and found to depend on the molecular weight of the longest linear span of the matrix chains and not on the total matrix molecular weight. These results indicate that polymer chain branching does not affect the relaxation of a polymer melt for branch molecular weights up to at least 4 times the entanglement molecular weight
Durch Selbstorganisation zu porösen Kapseln

Eine Modulstrategie fuhrte durch Selbstorganisation zu grosen, porosen Kapseln. Eingesetzt wurden tricyclische Bausteine mit Wasserstoffbrucken bildenden Glycolurileinheiten und Triethylbenzolderivate. Die aus den Monomeren einfach entstehenden Homo- und Heterodimere (im Bild ist eine berechnete Struktur zu sehen) fangen grose Gastmolekule ein, wahrend sich kleine Molekule ungehindert durch die Poren bewegen konnen.
Automated coronary artery calcification detection on low-dose chest CT images

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) measurement from low-dose CT images can be used to assess the risk of coronary artery disease. A fully automatic algorithm to detect and measure CAC from low-dose non-contrast, non-ECG-gated chest CT scans is presented. Based on the automatically detected CAC, the Agatston score (AS), mass score and volume score were computed. These were compared with scores obtained manually from standard-dose ECG-gated scans and low-dose un-gated scans of the same patient. The automatic algorithm segments the heart region based on other pre-segmented organs to provide a coronary region mask. The mitral valve and aortic valve calcification is identified and excluded. All remaining voxels greater than 180HU within the mask region are considered as CAC candidates. The heart segmentation algorithm was evaluated on 400 non-contrast cases with both low-dose and regular dose CT scans. By visual inspection, 371 (92.8%) of the segmentations were acceptable. The automated CAC detection algorithm was evaluated on 41 low-dose non-contrast CT scans. Manual markings were performed on both low-dose and standard-dose scans for these cases. Using linear regression, the correlation of the automatic AS with the standard-dose manual scores was 0.86; with the low-dose manual scores the correlation was 0.91. Standard risk categories were also computed. The automated method risk category agreed with manual markings of gated scans for 24 cases while 15 cases were 1 category off. For low-dose scans, the automatic method agreed with 33 cases while 7 cases were 1 category off.
Order restricted preferences and majority rule

This paper develops the social choice foundations of a restriction that, in different guises, is utilized in a number of economic models; illuminates the key features of these models; and provides a specific class of applications. Order Restriction (on triples) is strictly weaker than Single Peakedness (or Single Cavedness) but strictly stronger than Sen's Value Restriction. It therefore guarantees quasi-transitivity of majority rule. This condition is most useful in models where there is a natural ordering of the individuals, not the alternatives. We show for a class of applications that1) it may be imposed through conditions with meaningful economic interpretations;2) imposing Single Peakedness weakens the usefulness of the models; 3) directly establishing Value Restriction is difficult and has not been done.
High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images of volcanic terrains from the first 6 months of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Primary Science Phase

[1] In the first 6 months of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Primary Science Phase, the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera has returned images sampling the diversity of volcanic terrains on Mars. While many of these features were noted in earlier imaging, they are now seen with unprecedented clarity. We find that some volcanic vents produced predominantly effusive products while others generated mostly pyroclastics. Flood lavas were emplaced in both turbulent and gentle eruptions, producing roofed channels and inflation features. However, many areas on Mars are too heavily mantled to allow meter-scale volcanic features to be discerned. In particular, the major volcanic edifices are extensively mantled, though it is possible that some of the mantle is pyroclastic material rather than atmospheric dust. Support imaging by the Context Imager (CTX) and topographic information derived from stereo imaging are both invaluable in interpreting the HiRISE data.
THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE FORGETTABLE -- OR LESSONS THE US CAN LEARN FROM EUROPEAN TRANSPORT POLICY

Abstract Transport policy has undergone considerable change over the past 30 years on both sides of the Atlantic. In many ways the US has led the way, and part of the impetus for change within Europe has been the result of demonstration effects from the US experiences. Nevertheless, the changes in Europe have not represented a mirror image of the reforms that have occurred in the USA. This suggests that there may be lessons from Europe that could be of interest on the western side of the Atlantic. Some of these lessons offer positive refinements or alternatives to what has been done in the USA (‘The Good’). An obvious example of this is the relative success of many cities in Europe in maintaining the vitality of their central areas though traffic restraint and public transport policies. The European lessons may not, of course, all be positive but may reflect paths that should be avoided rather than pursued (‘The Bad’). Subsidies for European airlines offer one example. This may prove to be a non-trivial issue at a time when there are undercurrents of pressure for some degree of reregulation of transport in the USA. Another form of policy experience is that which fades away into the distance as a possibility but has no real scope (‘The Forgettable’) — the forked tariff regime applied to international trucking in Europe is a case of this. The examples cited are simply illustrative, but given the globalization of economic activities that is occurring and the speed at which transport policy is continually developing, there is a case for exploring the insights that may be gained from considering the experiences of others.
Use Of Raman Spectroscopy For The Characterization Of III-V Semiconductor Heterostructures

This paper is a review of the characterization of III-V heterostructures by Raman spectroscopy and a discussion of the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an in situ technique for the monitoring of epitaxial growth. Raman spectroscopy can be used at the high temperatures of epitaxial growth, and can yield information on the thickness, doping, composition, and quality of the growing epitaxial film. Raman measurements of 111-V materials at temperatures typical of those used in epitaxial growth are presented.
Making secure processors OS- and performance-friendly

In today's digital world, computer security issues have become increasingly important. In particular, researchers have proposed designs for secure processors that utilize hardware-based memory encryption and integrity verification to protect the privacy and integrity of computation even from sophisticated physical attacks. However, currently proposed schemes remain hampered by problems that make them impractical for use in today's computer systems: lack of virtual memory and Inter-Process Communication support as well as excessive storage and performance overheads. In this article, we propose (1) address independent seed encryption (AISE), a counter-mode-based memory encryption scheme using a novel seed composition, and (2) bonsai Merkle trees (BMT), a novel Merkle tree-based memory integrity verification technique, to eliminate these system and performance issues associated with prior counter-mode memory encryption and Merkle tree integrity verification schemes. We present both a qualitative discussion and a quantitative analysis to illustrate the advantages of our techniques over previously proposed approaches in terms of complexity, feasibility, performance, and storage. Our results show that AISE+BMT reduces the overhead of prior memory encryption and integrity verification schemes from 12p to 2p on average for single-threaded benchmarks on uniprocessor systems, and from 15p to 4p for coscheduled benchmarks on multicore systems while eliminating critical system-level problems.
To the Point: The United States Military Academy, 1802-1902

Foreword by General Edward C. Meyer 1775-1802 The Foundation Is Laid 1802-1817 Struggle for Survival Existence in Name Only Right Man at the Right Time? Deliver Your Sword to the Bearer 1817-1828 The Rebuilding Begins Governed by the Rules and Articles of War Still in a State of Progressive Development Members of One Brotherhood Living Armory of the Nation 1829-1833 I Have the Honor to Tender My Resignation I Believe It the Best School in the World 1833-1852 A Firm Hand Is Needed Preparing for the Ultimate Test We Follow, Close Order, Behind You 1852-1865 The Ante-Bellum Army When Shall We Meet Again? Adhere to Your Purpose 1865-1902 All Institutions Are Imperfect and Subject to the Law of Change Guard Well Your Heritage 1902 The Corps and the Corps and the Corps Appendices Superintendents, United States Military Academy Commandants of Cadets Deans of the Academic Board The 1780 Map of West Point: An Unintentional Historical Hoax Comments on Sources Bibliography Index Photographs and Maps
Electrochemically-assisted deposition of oxidases on platinum nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified electrodes

Platinum nanoparticles were electrodeposited by a multi-potential step technique onto a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) film pre-casted on a glassy carbon (GC) or boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The MWCNT network consisted of Pt nanoparticles with an average diameter of 120 nm after an optimization of 36 deposition cycles. The resulting electrochemical sensors were capable of detecting hydrogen peroxide as low as 25 nM. Five different enzymes: glucose, lactate, glutamate, amino acid and xanthine oxidases, respectively, were deposited by a constant current technique for 5–10 min to form a stable and active biolayer for the analysis of their corresponding analytes. The glucose oxidase-based biosensor was linear up to 10 mM glucose with a detection limit of 250 nM and a response time of 5 s. Similar response times and detection limits were observed with glutamate, lactate, and amino acid oxidase despite the fact that the linear ranges were noticeably narrower. The mechanism of deposition was attributed to the decrease of local pH, created by oxygen evolution and effected enzyme precipitation.
Deformational Processes in Delta-Front Deposits: ABSTRACT

River-mouth depositional patterns are modified by sediment deformational processes of sufficient magnitude to endanger severely bottom-supported structures. Several types of deformations are present and include (a) peripheral slumping, (b) differential weighting and diapirism, (c) graben faulting, (d) mass wasting by sediment degassing, and (e) deep-seated flowage. High depositional rates are present near the river mouth and decrease seaward; with time, the bar front oversteepens and rotational slump planes form peripheral to the bar front, moving sediment into deeper water. These blocks have longitudinal dimensions of approximately 200 to 2,000 ft and lateral dimensions of 600 to greater than 2,000 ft. Differential loading by denser bar sands overlying low-density clays esults in vertical and seaward flowage of the clays contemporaneously with seaward bar progradation. Diapiric folds and spines (mudlumps) intrude into delta-front sediments on the seaward side of the deforming load, vertical movement affecting sediments to depths in excess of 500 ft. The seaward extrusion and continued movement of clays arch the overlying delta-front sediments, and this stress is relieved by small graben faults oriented radially to the deforming load or delta lobe. The grabens have widths from 150 to 1,500 ft and lengths of several miles. The finer grained river-mouth sediments contain high percentages of methane and CO2 gases, formed by bacterial decomposition of organics. Passage of hurricane waves produces bottom-pressure perturbations, forcing the entrappe gas upward, causing loss of sediment strength and allowing mass movement. The weight of the modern delta has depressed underlying Pleistocene sands about 400 ft, causing squeezing and flowage of clays onto the continental shelf at water depths greater than 300 ft. Large-scale slumping and faulting near the continental shelf result from this clay flowage. These processes are contemporaneous with deposition and play an important role in initiating a depocenter. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2208------------
Communicating with the public on issues of science and public health.

reasons why communication with the pub? lic is important. Most of the funds that support scientific research are ultimately derived from taxes, and elected representa? tives of the public determine the level of support; failure to convince the public of the importance of the scientific research will surely result in a decrease in available funds for research. A more compelling reason for the scientific community to effectively communicate with the public relates to issues of public health. Health-related research often has direct implications for personal human health, and much of this research suggests immediate steps people can be take in lifestyle choices that may improve their health status. Therefore, if the public either does not know or is not convinced to care about new insights into the origins and causes of disease, the research effort is wasted. While we, of course, do not know the causes and origins of all diseases, it is important to emphasize the extent to which lifestyle factors contribute to a great variety of diseases. McGinnis and Foege (1) have recently reported that lifestyle choices kill more Americans than any other single fac? tor. The best examples are the diseases asso-
fMRI of neuronal activation with symptom provocation in unmedicated patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Abstract Background: Previous studies suggest that a neural circuit involving over-activation of cortical, paralimbic, limbic, and striatal structures may underlie OCD symptomatology, but results may have been limited by medication use in those studies. To address this, we examined the effects of symptom induction on fMRI neural activation in medication-free patients with OCD. Methods: Seven outpatients with OCD were exposed to individually tailored provocative and innocuous stimuli during fMRI scans. Self-ratings of OCD symptoms were performed prior to each scan and after exposure to stimuli. Images were analyzed as composite data sets and individually. Results: Stimulus presentation was associated with significant increases in OCD self-ratings. Significant activation was demonstrated in several regions of the frontal cortex (orbitofrontal, superior frontal, and the dorsolateral prefrontal); the anterior, medial and lateral temporal cortex; and the right anterior cingulate. Right superior frontal activation inversely correlated with baseline compulsion symptomatology and left orbitofrontal cortical activation was inversely associated with changes in OCD self-ratings following provocative stimuli. Conclusions: These results in unmedicated patients are consistent with those from previous studies with medicated patients and suggest that OCD symptomatology is mediated by multiple brain regions including the anterior cingulate as well as frontal and temporal brain regions.
Pattern Formation in the Belousov−Zhabotinsky Reaction with Photochemical Global Feedback

We have found a variety of oscillating patterns in the Belousov−Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction−diffusion system with global negative feedback. Bulk oscillations and wave patterns arise at low values of the feedback strength. When the feedback exceeds a critical value, cluster patterns arise. Besides the standing, irregular, and localized clusters observed earlier, we have found new types of clusters: three-phase, localized irregular, and localized oscillatory clusters. A model of three identical Oregonators with global negative coupling yields the same bifurcation scenario as found in our experiments.
A Probabilistic Model of Fatigue Strength Controlled by Porosity Population in a 319-Type Cast Aluminum Alloy: Part I. Model Development

The very high-cycle fatigue behavior of a 319-type cast aluminum alloy was investigated using ultrasonic fatigue instrumentation operating at 20 kHz. An endurance limit was demonstrated in the lifetime regime beyond 107 cycles. Accordingly, the fatigue strength at 108 cycles was determined using the staircase test method. Large pores at or close to the specimen surface or in the specimen interior were responsible for crack initiation in all specimens, and the staircase results were associated with both size and location of the initiating pores through a critical stress intensity factor for fatigue crack growth. Based on the experimental observations, a probabilistic model was developed to establish the relationship between the porosity population and the fatigue strength of the alloy. Good agreement was obtained between the modeling results and experiments.
Antiproliferative mechanism of anti-class II monoclonal antibodies.

The function of Class II molecules in proliferation was explored by treating human cell lines with three distinct anti-DR monoclonal antibodies (MABs). Dose-dependent, specific inhibition of eight DR+ cell lines of different origin and lineage was found. Inhibition was durable (i.e., cells did not become resistant to the anti-DR MABs despite prolonged treatment) yet reversible. The mechanism of inhibition was not due to differentiation or killing but was cytostatic. Inhibition was temporally associated with decreases in nuclear size and irregularity and appeared to be due to a non-phase-specific cell cycle arrest.
Carbon isotopic evidence for the origin of a banded iron-formation in Western Australia

Carbon isotope ratios were determined for carbonates from the banded iron-formation of the Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation and from the Wittenoom and Duck Creek Dolomite Formations of the Hamersley Range area of Western Australia. The iron-formation carbonates had δC13 values of −9 to −11 %., while the dolomitic limestones had δC13 values of +2 to −2 %. It is concluded that the iron formation was precipitated in a basin isolated from the ocean, but probably in close proximity to it and that organic activity may have played a significant role in the genesis of the iron-formation. The dolomitic limestones were deposited during periods when the basin was transgressed by the ocean. A consideration of the available data on Precambrian marine carbonates leads to the conclusion that the oceanic reservoir of carbon has remained nearly constant for almost 3 × 109 years. The argument previously advanced for Phanerozoic samples, that this constancy implies a constant amount of atmospheric oxygen is reconsidered, and is found to rest on questionable assumptions.
Optical studies of carrier dynamics and non-equilibrium optical phonons in nitride-based wide bandgap semiconductors

Abstract Ultrafast optical probes, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been applied to investigate carrier dynamics in nitride-based binary and ternary, and dilute nitride semiconductors. Carrier dynamics in the form of radiative and non-radiative lifetimes in GaN grown on pseudo -in situ TiN and in situ SiN nanonetworks by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy have been investigated and compared with those for freestanding GaN templates which constitute the benchmark values due to the high quality. Room temperature carrier lifetimes as long as 1.86 ns could be achieved with the use of TiN network templates. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the carrier dynamics, carrier transport and non-equilibrium optical phonons in In-containing nitride-based semiconductors. (1) It has been found that the energy loss rate in In x Ga 1− x As 1− y N y is about 64 meV/ps suggesting that hot electrons lose their energy primarily to the GaAs-like LO phonons in this dilute nitride semiconductor. (2) Both the non-equilibrium electron distribution and the electron drift velocity in InGaN and InN have been measured. These experimental results are compared with ensemble Monte Carlo calculations and good agreement is found. (3) Our experimental results support the small bandgap value for InN (approximately 0.8 eV) and are inconsistent with the 0.8 eV luminescence emission being due to deep level radiative emission.
Effects of palindrome size and sequence on genetic stability in the bacteriophage φX174 genome

By inserting palindromes of varying length and sequence into a non-essential region of the bacteriophage phi X174 genome we have investigated the effect of palindrome size and sequence on their genetic stability. Multimers of increasing size of the EcoRI linker CCGAATTCGG (E), the BamHI linker CCGGATCCGG (B) or mixtures of both (E, B) were inserted into the PvuII site of a previously constructed bacteriophage strain phi X174 J-F ins6. The largest inserts that could be maintained in the genome without significant loss of genetic stability were 2B, 4E, and 4(E, B), respectively. Polymers exceeding this size could be inserted but resulted in rapid and precise deletion from the phage genome, whereby nB was more unstable than nE, and nE was more unstable than n(E, B). Analysis of the resulting deletion mutants provided evidence for two different types of deletions. The more frequent deletion arose from either type palindrome and removed nucleotides in blocks of ten base-pairs (one linker unit), but only from the palindromic sequence, and always left at least an 18 base-pair long palindrome (one linker plus 8 neighboring base-pairs) behind. The less frequently occurring deletions arose only from nB type palindromes, removing the complete palindromic sequence plus adjacent nucleotides. At least the first type of deletion occurred in the absence of recA activity. Our results show a correlation between the sequence, as well as size, and the genetic stability of palindromes, i.e. sequences that could decrease the stability of a cruciform increased their genetic stability. This supports the theory that palindrome deletion occurs via extrusion of the palindrome into a cruciform or cruciform-like structure.
A beamwaveguide design for high-power applications

A beam waveguide (BWG) design suitable for high-power applications is described. The design features a transmit-only, four-port high-gain horn as input to a BWG system with a single parabolic mirror and three flat plates. The use of a single parabolic mirror is such that the highest field concentration is no greater than that caused by the horn itself. The horn is linearly polarized and a grid reflector is used to reflect the orthogonal polarization into the receive feed. A rotatable dual polarizer provides for arbitrary transmit polarization. The dual-reflector system is shaped to provide uniform illumination over the main reflector and therefore maximum gain for the given size aperture. Measured data from a scale model BWG system are presented.
A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Caecal Tonsil: The Identification of a Bacterial Attachment to the Villi of the Caecal Tonsil and the Possible Presence of Lymphatics in the Caecal Tonsil

Abstract A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to compare the proximal region (PR) and distal region (DR) of the caecum. The caecal tonsil (CT) occupied the initial 4–10 mm of the PR. Villi were present in the PR and absent from the DR. Segmented structures were attached to the surface of PR. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed these structures to be bacteria. No difference in surface morphology could be discerned between the CT and the remainder of the PR. Lymphatic vessels were observed in the CT by employing TEM.
Isolation and identification of 2‐pentenylfurans in the reversion flavor of soybean oil

The volatile flavor compounds in a reverted soybean oil with a peroxide number of 6.0 meq/kg were isolated by semicontinuous countercurrent vacuum steam distillation. Based upon the gas Chromatographic retention times and mass spectra of the four synthesized 2-pentenylfurans, it was found that cis- and trans-2-(l-pentenyl)furans and a mixture of cis- and trans-2-(2-pentenyl)-furans are present in reverted soybean oil. At least the greater portion of 2-(2-pentenyl)furans identified was cis-isomer. These compounds may contribute to the reversion flavor of soybean oil.
The contribution of the rostral ventromedial medulla to the antinociceptive effects of systemic morphine in restrained and unrestrained rats

Abstract Although there are numerous opioid-sensitive structures in the central nervous system, the contribution of each to the analgesic effect of systemically administered morphine is controversial. One such structure is the rostral ventromedial medulla. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the rostral ventromedial medulla is necessary for the full expression of systemic morphine-induced antinociception. Additionally, we examined whether the modulatory effect of the rostral ventromedial medulla on tail-flick latency is dependent on the behavioral state of the animal. In unrestrained rats, inactivation of the rostral ventromedial medulla with either lidocaine (0.5 μl of 4%) or muscimol (50 ng) had no effect on tail-flick latency. In contrast, in restrained rats, inactivation of the rostral ventromedial medulla with either lidocaine (0.5 μl of 4%) or muscimol (50 ng) significantly decreased tail-flick latency. In both conditions, microinjection of morphine (5 μg) into this region significantly increased tail-flick latency. Additionally, in unrestrained rats, muscimol (50 ng) and cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (0.5 ng) infusion into the rostral ventromedial medulla completely reversed systemic morphine-induced analgesia, while lidocaine (0.5 μl of 4%) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (0.25 ng) infusion partially reversed systemic morphine-induced analgesia. These findings demonstrate that the rostral ventromedial medulla does not tonically modulate tail-flick latency in unrestrained rats, but does modulate tail-flick latency when animals are stressed via restraint. These findings also strongly support the hypothesis that the rostral ventromedial medulla is necessary for the full analgesic effects of systemically administered morphine.
A phase II study of induction chemotherapy followed by thoracic radiotherapy and erlotinib in poor-risk stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: results of CALGB 30605 (Alliance)/RTOG 0972 (NRG)

Introduction Patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer and poor performance status and/or weight loss do not seem to benefit from standard therapy. Based on the preclinical interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and radiation, we designed a trial of induction chemotherapy followed by thoracic radiotherapy and concurrent erlotinib. Methods Patients with poor-risk unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer received two cycles of carboplatin at an AUC of 5 and nab-paclitaxel at 100 mg/m on days 1 and 8 every 21 days, followed by erlotinib administered concurrently with thoracic radiotherapy. Maintenance was not permitted. Molecular analysis was performed in available specimens. Seventy-two eligible patients were required to test whether the 1-year survival rate was less than 50% or greater than or equal to 65% with approximately 90% power at a significance level of 0.10. Results From March 2008 to October 2011, 78 patients were enrolled, three of whom were ineligible. The median age was 68 (range, 39-88) and 32% were aged greater than or equal to 75 years. Patients were evenly distributed between stages IIIA and IIIB and the majority had performance status 2. The overall response rate was 67% and the disease control rate was 93%. Treatment was well tolerated. The median PFS and OS were 11 and 17 months, respectively. The overall 12-month OS was 57%, which narrowly missed the prespecified target for significance. Conclusions Patients with poor-risk stage III non-small-cell lung cancer had better than expected outcomes with a regimen of induction carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel followed by thoracic radiotherapy and erlotinib. However, as per the statistical design, the 12-month OS was not sufficiently high to warrant further studies.
Failure to observe coherent effects in the excitation of channeled ions

Abstract We report on measurements designed to detect effects due to coherent excitations of channeled ions first predicted and observed by Okorokov. We did not detect any such effects in measurements on both the optical emissions and the charge-state distributions of channeled helium and nitrogen ions transmitted through thin gold crystals.