cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forty-five years of many-body theory: What is the relation of field theory and representations of Lie algebras?

Abstract In celebration of David Pines's (70 + n)th birthday, this essay asks the question whether there is a truly fundamental relationship between the Hilbert spaces of a quantum theory and the representation theory of Lie algebras. In trying to sharpen this question we briefly review representation theory and then conclude with a well known example where the Hilbert space of a simple field theory is an irreducible representation of a Lie algebra.
How dynamic are IP addresses

This paper introduces a novel algorithm, UDmap, to identify dynamically assigned IP addresses and analyze their dynamics pattern. UDmap is fully automatic, and relies only on application-level server logs. We applied UDmap to a month-long Hotmail user-login trace and identified a significant number of dynamic IP addresses - more than 102 million. This suggests that the fraction of IP addresses that are dynamic is by no means negligible. Using this information in combination with a three-month Hotmail email server log, we were able to establish that 95.6% of mail servers setup on the dynamic IP addresses in our trace sent out solely spam emails. Moreover, these mail servers sent out a large amount of spam - amounting to 42.2% of all spam emails received by Hotmail. These results highlight the importance of being able to accurately identify dynamic IP addresses for spam filtering. We expect similar benefits to arise for phishing site identification and botnet detection. To our knowledge, this is the first successful attempt to automatically identify and understand IP address dynamics.
RELATIVE RATES AT WHICH DOMINANT-LETHAL MUTATIONS AND HERITABLE TRANSLOCATIONS ARE INDUCED BY ALKYLATING CHEMICALS IN POSTMEIOTIC MALE GERM CELLS OF MICE

There is a close relationship between the rates at which dominant lethal mutations and heritable translocations are induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or triethylenemelamine (TEM) in male postmeiotic germ cells. This relationship does not hold for isopropyl methanesulfonate (IMS), which induced only negligible frequencies of heritable translocations at doses that induced high levels of dominant lethal mutations. Nor does IMS behave like EMS and TEM in the degree to which eggs of different stocks of females repair premutational lesions that are carried in the sperm-large differences between stocks for IMS treatment and small differences for EMS or TEM treatment. These dissimilarities between IMS and the other two alkylating chemicals are postulated to be attributable to differences in the types of lesions present at the time of repair activity and to whether or not chromosomal aberrations are already fixed prior to postfertilization pronuclear DNA synthesis.
Effect of Chronic Lithium Treatment on 5-Hydroxytryptamine Autoreceptors and Release of 5-[3H]Hydroxytryptamine from Rat Brain Cortical, Hippocampal, and Hypothalamic Slices

: The effect of acute and chronic lithium treatments on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) release and on its regulation by presynaptic 5-HT autoreceptors was studied in [3H]5-HT preloaded superfused rat brain slices. The [3H]5-HT overflow evoked by a 30-s exposure to 65 mM K+ was increased after 3 weeks of ingestion of lithium-containing diet in the three brain areas examined. Acute injection of 4 mEq/kg lithium chloride did not affect 5-HT release. The K+-induced release observed in both control and chronically lithium-treated animals was Ca2+-dependent. Chronic lithium treatment was also found to be associated with a decrease in basal [3H]5-HT overflow in the cortex and hypothalamus and with an increase in spontaneous hippocampal 5-HT overflow. The Ca2+-independent overflow induced by fenfluramine was also decreased in cortical slices from lithium-treated animals. The sensitivity of the inhibitory 5-HT autoreceptors was assessed by the response to the 5-HT agonist 5-methoxytryptamine. The results indicate a marked reduction in the maximal inhibition of [3H]5-HT release induced by 5-methoxytryptamine in slices obtained from animals which have been treated with lithium for 3 weeks. These data suggest that the functional down regulation of the prejunctional 5-HT sites may be responsible for the increase in K+-stimulated 5-HT overflow in brain slices of animals treated chronically with lithium.
Exchanging Regional Input—Output Coefficients: A Reply and Further Comments

Some issues raised by Thumann in response to an earlier article by Hewings are addressed in the context of discovering efficient ways of exchanging input–output coefficients. Several extensions to the RAS procedure are reviewed; in particular, attention is focused on the issue of fixing certain coefficients prior to the application of biproportional adjustment algorithms. An appendix contains a discussion of measures which minimize the distance between two matrices.
The impact of the interaction between vehicular topology & traffic prioritization of broadcast protocols in VANETs

Safety and other on-demand applications will propel VANETs into reality in the near future. These applications create a compelling need to prioritize data traffic, so that safety and emergency, low-latency messages can be delivered in a timely fashion. The vehicular environment is one of the unique characteristics that sets VANETs apart from other ad hoc network. Therefore performance of protocols designed for VANETs cannot be tested similar to other networks. An often ignored aspect is the interaction of the vehicular topology with the prioritized data in the network. Certain elements of the vehicular topology, influence mobility and hence network connectivity which in turn affects its performance. This paper illustrates the impact that vehicular elements exhibit on prioritized data of broadcast protocols thus resulting in manipulation of network performance.
Effect of Strain Rate on the Mechanical Behavior of 10-micron Long Polymeric Nanofibers

The strain rate mechanical behavior of 12-micron long polymeric nanofibers was investigated. Experiments were carried out by a novel method that employs a MEMS-based leaf spring load cell attached to a polymeric nanofiber that is drawn with an external PZT actuator. The elongation of the fiber and the deflection of the load cell were calculated from optical microscopy images by using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and with 65 nm resolution in fiber extension. The nanofibers were fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with MW = 150,000 and diameters between 300-600 nm. At strain rates between 0.00025 s−1 to 0.025 s−1 the fiber ductility scaled directly with the rate of loading while the tensile strength was found to vary non-monotonically: At 0.00025 s−1 material relaxations allowed for near-uniform fiber drawing with up to 120% ductility and 120 MPa maximum tensile strength. At the two faster rates the tensile strength scaled with the rate of loading but the fiber ductility was the result of a cascade of localized deformations at nanoscale necks with relatively constant wavelength for all fiber diameters.
A cross-cultural comparison of symptomatology and social adjustment of psychiatric patients before and after hospitalization

Abstract This paper compares the results of outcome studies completed in the U.S.A. and Australia. In both studies, measures of psychiatric symptomatology and social functioning were administered to patients shortly after admission to inpatient treatment and following discharge to the community. Comparison revealed that for both samples there were significant improvements in symptomatology and social functioning between admission and follow-up. The similarities in the results from the two samples were more pronounced than were the differences. Implications of the results for further outcome studies are discussed.
Primary gliosarcoma: key clinical and pathologic distinctions from glioblastoma with implications as a unique oncologic entity

This report presents the historical experience, clinical presentation, treatment, prognosis, and pathogenesis of gliosarcoma described to date in the English literature. PubMed query of term “gliosarcoma” was performed, followed by a rigorous review of cited literature. Articles selected for analysis included: (1) case reports of gliosarcoma, (2) review articles of gliosarcoma, and (3) studies of the pathogenesis or genetics of gliosarcoma in humans. Our review identified 219 cases of gliosarcoma in 34 reports and eight articles addressing the pathogenesis. Survival in larger series ranged 4–11.5 months. Features unique to gliosarcoma compared to glioblastoma (GBM) include their temporal lobe predilection, potential to appear similar to a meningioma at surgery, repeated reports of extracranial metastases, and infrequency of EGFR mutations. Published experience is limited to small case series, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Clinical and pathologic characteristics distinct from GBM suggest that they may warrant specific treatment, separate from conventional GBM therapy.
A Mixed Methods Examination of Nonprofit Board Chair Preferences in Hiring Executive Directors

Considerable research has asked what job skills are needed for human services administrators and which degree is the “best” one to acquire those skills. This study extends previous research by adding another stakeholder group, Board Chairs, in a mixed methods study. Implications are presented for policy and practice.
High-throughput screening of small molecules identifies hepcidin antagonists.

Anemia of inflammation (AI) is common in patients with infection, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and chronic kidney disease. Unless the underlying condition can be reversed, treatment options are limited to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents with or without intravenous iron therapy, modalities that are not always effective and can cause serious adverse effects. Hepcidin, the iron regulatory hormone, has been identified as a pathogenic factor in the development of AI. To explore new therapeutic options for AI and other iron-related disorders caused by hepcidin excess, we developed a cell-based screen to identify hepcidin antagonists. Of the 70,000 small molecules in the library, we identified 14 compounds that antagonized the hepcidin effect on ferroportin. One of these was fursultiamine, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved thiamine derivative. Fursultiamine directly interfered with hepcidin binding to its receptor, ferroportin, by blocking ferroportin C326 thiol residue essential for hepcidin binding. Consequently, fursultiamine prevented hepcidin-induced ferroportin ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation in vitro and allowed continuous cellular iron export despite the presence of hepcidin, with IC50 in the submicromolar range. Thiamine, the fursultiamine metabolite, and benfotiamine, another thiamine derivative, did not interfere with the effect of hepcidin on ferroportin. Other FDA-approved thiol-reactive compounds were at least 1000-fold less potent than fursultiamine in antagonizing hepcidin. In vivo, fursultiamine did not reproducibly antagonize the effect of hepcidin on serum iron, likely because of its rapid conversion to inactive metabolites. Fursultiamine is a unique antagonist of hepcidin in vitro that could serve as a template for the development of drug candidates that inhibit the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction.
THE ROLE OF FUNGAL SYMBIOSES IN THE ADAPTATION OF PLANTS TO HIGH STRESS ENVIRONMENTS

All plants studied in natural ecosystemsare symbiotic with fungi that either resideentirely (endophytes) or partially(mycorrhizae) within plants. Thesesymbioses appear to adapt to biotic andabiotic stresses and may be responsible forthe survival of both plant hosts and fungalsymbionts in high stress habitats. Here wedescribe the role of symbiotic fungi inplant stress tolerance and present astrategy based on adaptive symbiosis topotentially mitigate the impacts of globalchange on plant communities.
Trends in immune function assay (ImmuKnow; Cylex™) results in the first year post-transplant and relationship to BK virus infection

Background The ImmuKnow assay is a functional T-cell assay (TCA) that may quantify cellular immune responsiveness following renal transplantation. Using a standard protocol of TCA sampling in the first year post-transplant, we examined changes in TCA values over time and tested for an association between TCA and BK virus (BKV) infection as a marker of over-immunosuppression. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of 897 TCA results in 414 renal transplant recipients obtained at 0 (N = 122), 1 (N = 316), 6 (N = 258) and 12 (N = 201) months post-transplant from May 2005 to July 2009 with concurrent urine and blood BKV polymerase chain reaction measurements. Results Nearly 40% of patients experienced a decrease in TCA of >150 ng/mL from 1 to 6 months (mean 466-356 ng/mL, P 150 ng/mL nor a TCA value of ≤ 225 ng/mL were associated with a diagnosis of BKV infection at 1 or 6 months, while TCA ≤ 225 ng/mL was associated with BKV infection at 12 months (P = 0.005). Conclusions A reduction in TCA from 1 to 6 months post-transplant is common and is not associated with conditions of over-immunosuppression, rendering the interpretation of changes in TCA during this time period difficult. BKV infection is associated with low TCA values at 12 months, suggesting that patients with low TCA values after 6 months may benefit from potential tailoring of immunosuppression or more aggressive monitoring to prevent subsequent BKV infection.
Automating test automation

Mention “test case”, and it conjures up the image of a script or a program that exercises a system under test. In industrial practice, however, test cases often start out as steps described in natural language. These are essentially directions a human tester needs to follow to interact with an application, exercising a given scenario. Since tests need to be executed repeatedly, such manual tests then have to go through test automation to create scripts or programs out of them. Test automation can be expensive in programmer time. We describe a technique to automate test automation. The input to our technique is a sequence of steps written in natural language, and the output is a sequence of procedure calls with accompanying parameters that can drive the application without human intervention. The technique is based on looking at the natural language test steps as consisting of segments that describe actions on targets, except that there can be ambiguity in identifying segments, in identifying the action in a segment, as well as in the specification of the target of the action. The technique resolves this ambiguity by backtracking, until it can synthesize a successful sequence of calls. We present an evaluation of our technique on professionally created manual test cases for two open-source web applications as well as a proprietary enterprise application. Our technique could automate over 82% of the steps contained in these test cases with no human intervention, indicating that the technique can reduce the cost of test automation quite effectively.
METAL-ACID COMPLEXES WITH MEMBERS OF THE TETRACYCLINE FAMILY. II. DEVELOPMENT OF STABLE PRECONSTITUTED PARENTERAL FORMULATIONS.

Stable preconstituted liquid formulations suitable for intramuscular and intravenous administration have been prepared using aluminum-calcium-gluconate complexes of tetracycline and 6-demethylchlortetracycline. These formulations are well tolerated at therapeutic levels and give adequate blood levels. The most desirable preparations contain the antibiotic-aluminum-calcium-gluconate complex of molar ratio 1:3:1:6 in 50 to 75 per cent propylene glycol at pH 8.5. Such formulations retain their initial potency at room temperature and elevated temperatures for prolonged periods.
Optimal No‐Arbitrage Bounds on S&P 500 Index Options and the Volatility Smile

This article shows that the volatility smile is not necessarily inconsistent with the Black–Scholes analysis. Specifically, when transaction costs are present, the absence of arbitrage opportunities does not dictate that there exists a unique price for an option. Rather, there exists a range of prices within which the option's price may fall and still be consistent with the Black–Scholes arbitrage pricing argument. This article uses a linear program (LP) cast in a binomial framework to determine the smallest possible range of prices for Standard & Poor's 500 Index options that are consistent with no arbitrage in the presence of transaction costs. The LP method employs dynamic trading in the underlying and risk-free assets as well as fixed positions in other options that trade on the same underlying security. One-way transaction-cost levels on the index, inclusive of the bid–ask spread, would have to be below six basis points for deviations from Black–Scholes pricing to present an arbitrage opportunity. Monte Carlo simulations are employed to assess the hedging error induced with a 12-period binomial model to approximate a continuous-time geometric Brownian motion. Once the risk caused by the hedging error is accounted for, transaction costs have to be well below three basis points for the arbitrage opportunity to be profitable two times out of five. This analysis indicates that market prices that deviate from those given by a constant-volatility option model, such as the Black–Scholes model, can be consistent with the absence of arbitrage in the presence of transaction costs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:1151–1179, 2001
Silicon-wafer based electroenzymatic glutamate biosensors for the near-real time monitoring of glutamate in freely-behaving rats

Glutamate is a ubiquitous excitatory neurotransmitter. We are interested in the role the glutamate system plays in both normal and aberrant motivated behavior, particularly with regards to its role in learning about both natural and drug rewards. Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System technologies we have developed silicon wafer-based platinum microelectrode arrays modified with glutamate oxidase (GluOx) for the near-real time sensitive and selective electroenzymatic detection of glutamate in the rodent brain. Using these biosensors we have recently shown transient glutamate concentration changes in the basolateral amygdala that are time-locked to motivated actions. Specifically, we observed glutamate transients surrounding reward-seeking actions. Moreover, the occurrence of these transients was significantly correlated with the performance of such actions.
Mixed hematopoietic chimerism prevents allograft vasculopathy

Abstract Background Mixed hematopoietic chimerism has been shown to induce long-term acceptance of transplant organs. We determined whether mixed chimerism prevented allograft vasculopathy, using the rat aortic allograft model. Methods Mixed chimeras were prepared by reconstituting lethally irradiated (1100 cGy) WF rats with a mixture of T-cell depleted (TCD) syngeneic (WF) plus TCD allogeneic (ACI) bone marrow. Donor-specific (ACI) or third-party (F344) aortic grafts were transplanted into mixed chimeric animals 1 to 2 months after bone marrow reconstitution. No immunosuppressive drugs were administered. At 30 days postoperatively, aortic allografts were harvested for histology and measurement of cytokine mRNA by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Some aortic grafts were harvested at 90 and 180 days after transplantation for histological analysis. The degree of intimal hyperplasia and cytokine gene expression were compared among 4 groups: I (syngeneic; ACI donors to ACI recipients), II (allografts; ACI to WF), III (donor specific; ACI donor to chimeras) and IV (third-party; F344 to chimeras). Results There was no difference in the degree of intimal hyperplasia (IH) between groups I and III. Groups II and IV had significantly more IH than group I. Compared to group I, levels of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and iNOS in groups II and IV were higher, while there was no difference in mRNA levels between group I and III. Conclusions These data suggest that mixed chimerism prevents allograft vasculopathy. Mixed chimerism holds great promise in clinical transplantation as a means to prevent allograft vasculopathy.
Performance of CSMA and TDMA protocols for break-in channel access in a frequency hopping (FH) narrowband high frequency (HF) blocked channel environment

Military systems often require multiple communication mode capabilities, such as teletype, facsimile, digital data, and digital voice, as well as some network layer functions such as break-in and late network entry. Channel assignment for these network layer functions, called service functions, is strictly an overhead from a communication point of view. In a narrowband (3 kHz) high frequency (HF) channel employing a frequency hopping (FH) waveform, selecting an appropriate protocol for a given set of operational parameters, such as message length and channel traffic load, is critical in resulting throughput efficiency and service channel access time. This paper investigates two candidate protocols, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) and conventional time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocols for service channel access and break-in. It contains detailed descriptions and calculated performance measures of these protocols obtained from simulation and analyses. Specifically, throughput, transmission success rate, and service channel access time were calculated as a function of channel traffic load. Suggestions are made regarding protocol selection. >
Bactericidal activity of citrate against Gram‐positive cocci

Aims: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are now important nosocomial pathogens and are usually resistant to multiple antibiotics. Citrate is an alternative antimicrobial product which has been used as a preservative. Methods and Results: In this pilot study the bactericidal activity of Na citrate against 10 isolates of CNS and 6 other gram-positive pathogens was examined and compared with that of Na lactate. Conclusions: All staphylococci tested were susceptible (≥ 2 log10 killing) to citrate at 6·25–25 mg ml−1. Na lactate showed only modest killing at 50 or 100 mg ml−1. Significance and Impact of the Study: Citrate may warrant broader evaluation as an antimicrobial additive such as in topical agents.
Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a commercially pure titanium

The mechanical behavior of a commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) is systematically investigated in quasi-static (Instron, servohydraulic) and dynamic (UCSD's recovery Hopkinson) compression. Strains over 40% are achieved in these tests over a temperature range of 77-1000 K and strain rates of 10 ˇ3 -8000/s. At the macroscopic level, the flow stress of CP-Ti, within the plastic deformation regime, is strongly dependent on the temperature and strain rate, and displays complex variations with strain, strain rate, and temperature. In particular, there is a three-stage deformation pattern at a temperature range from 296 to 800 K, the specific range depending on the strain rate. In an eAort to understand the under- lying mechanisms, a number of interrupted tests involving temperature jumps are performed, and the resulting microstructures are characterized using an optical microscope. Based on the experimental results and simple estimates, it is concluded that the three-stage pattern of deformation at temperatures from 296 to 800 K, is a result of dynamic strain aging, through the directional diAusion of dislocation-core point defects with the moving dislocation at high strain rates, although the usual dynamic strain aging by point defects segregating outside the dislocation core through volume diAusion is also observed at low strain rates and high temperatures. The microscopic analysis shows that there is substantial deformation twinning which cannot be neglected in modeling the plastic flow of CP-Ti. The density of twins increases markedly with increasing strain rate, strain, and decreasing temperature. Twin intersections occur, and become more pronounced at low temperatures or high strain rates. In sum, the true stress-true strain curves of CP-Ti show two stages of deformation pattern at low temperatures, three stages at temperatures above 296 K, and only one stage at temperatures exceeding 800 K, although all three stages may exist even at 1000 K for very high strain rates, e.g. 8000/s. While the dislocation motion is still the main deformation mechanism for plastic flow, the experimental results suggest that dynamic strain aging should be taken into account, as well as the eAect of deformation twinning. # 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Flashover of Contaminated Insulators with Cylindrical Symmetry under DC Conditions

A series of experiments was done to determine how contamination flashover occurs under dc conditions. It was found that polarity influenced the flashover voltage, with flashover occurring more readily for negative polarity. Several reasons are advanced to explain this, including cathode spot phenomena, and electrochemical effects. Further experiments showed electrochemical alteration of the amount, type, and distribution of surface contaminant during simulated fog exposure. This will affect the interpretation of artificial test results and should be taken into account in evaluating insulator designs.
Reproducibility and repeatability of quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging in vivo in articular cartilage at 3 T and 7 T.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that may be associated with a loss of glycosaminoglycans. Quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging is highly specific to glycosaminoglycan content and could be used to assess the biochemical degradation of cartilage in early osteoarthritis. However, the reproducibility and repeatability of this technique are not well documented. The aim of this study is to test the reproducibility and repeatability of sodium quantification in cartilage in vivo using intraday and interday acquisitions at 3 T and 7 T, with a radial 3D sequence, with and without fluid suppression. Fluid suppression was obtained by adiabatic inversion recovery (IR WURST) and is expected to improve the sensitivity of the method to glycosaminoglycan content. The root mean square of coefficients of variation are all in the range of 7.5–13.6%. No significant intermagnet, intersequence, intraday, and interday differences in the coefficients of variation were observed. Sodium quantification using IR WURST gave values closer to those reported in the literature for healthy cartilage (220–310 mM) than radial 3D. In conclusion, IR WURST was more accurate in context of sodium measurement, with a reproducibility and repeatability comparable to other compositional magnetic resonance imaging techniques of cartilage. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mannose-specific recognition mediates the defasciculation of axons in the leech CNS

We are studying a mannose-specific recognition mediating the projection of axons in the synaptic neuropil of the embryonic leech CNS. A functional class of neurons, the sensory afferents, can be distinguished by a mannose-containing epitope that is asparagine-linked to a 130 kDa surface protein and is reactive with the monoclonal antibody Lan3-2. Sensory afferents project as a tightly fasciculated bundle through peripheral nerves but, upon arriving in the CNS, defasciculate into the synaptic neuropil. This defasciculation allows the previously bundled sensory afferents to form an arborization in the synaptic neuropil. Three lines of experimental evidence indicate that the defasciculation is mediated by the sensory afferent's mannose- containing Lan3-2 epitope. The defasciculation is inhibited (1) by blocking the Lan3-2 epitope with Lan3-2 Fab fragments, (2) by cleaving the asparagine-linked carbohydrate moieties from surface proteins with the glycosidase N-glycanase, and (3) by competing for a putative mannose-binding protein with the neoglycoprotein mannose-BSA [albumin, p-aminophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (26 mol monosaccharide/mol albumin)]. In addition to inhibiting the defasciculation, the three perturbation reagents also elicited the refasciculation of axons that had defasciculated prior to their application. These three different experimental approaches provide strong evidence that carbohydrate recognition regulates the projections of sensory afferents in the leech synaptic neuropil. Carbohydrate interactions therefore can play a major role in regulating the neuronal architecture in the CNS.
Discomfort Glare: What Do We Actually Know?

Glare models were reviewed with an eye for missing conditions or inconsistencies. Ambiguities were found relating to when to use small source versus large source models and as to what constitutes a...
Generalized F-theorem and the ϵ expansion

Some known constraints on Renormalization Group flow take the form of inequalities: in even dimensions they refer to the coefficient a of the Weyl anomaly, while in odd dimensions to the sphere free energy F. In recent work [1] it was suggested that the a- and F-theorems may be viewed as special cases of a Generalized F -Theorem valid in continuous dimension. This conjecture states that, for any RG flow from one conformal fixed point to another, $$ {\tilde{F}}_{\mathrm{UV}}>{\tilde{F}}_{\mathrm{IR}} $$ , where $$ \tilde{F}= \sin \left(\pi d/2\right) \log {Z}_{S^d} $$ . Here we provide additional evidence in favor of the Generalized F-Theorem. We show that it holds in conformal perturbation theory, i.e. for RG flows produced by weakly relevant operators. We also study a specific example of the Wilson-Fisher O(N) model and define this CFT on the sphere S 4−ϵ , paying careful attention to the beta functions for the coefficients of curvature terms. This allows us to develop the ϵ expansion of $$ \tilde{F} $$ up to order ϵ 5. Pade extrapolation of this series to d = 3 gives results that are around 2–3% below the free field values for small N. We also study RG flows which include an anisotropic perturbation breaking the O(N) symmetry; we again find that the results are consistent with $$ {\tilde{F}}_{\mathrm{UV}}>{\tilde{F}}_{\mathrm{IR}} $$ .
Moving Carefully Towards Model-based Layout Optimization and Checking

IBM has taken several steps in developing an analysis and optimization framework for VLSI layouts. We have deployed automated tools to reduce the sensitivity of designs to certain defect mechanisms in the manufacturing process. We see a clear need for expanding and refining tMs work and then integrating it with rigorous characterization of manufacturing processes and at the same time developing and integrating an overall trade-off theory showing the interaction of different layout-based yield-enhancement actions.
Designing Spacelab's Data Management System with Simulation

The big newsmaker in the space program these days is Space Shuttle, the “reusable” space vehicle currently being developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Present program plans indicate that 40 to 60 missions annually will be conducted over a ten-year period beginning in 1979. One of the many facets of the developmental phase of Space Shuttle involves design of the Spacelab data management system.
Unexpected Hypoglycemia in a Critically Ill Patient

Administration of the wrong medication is a serious and understudied problem. Because physicians are not directly involved in the drug administration process, they tend to overlook the possibility of adverse drug events and medication errors in their differential diagnoses of patient illnesses or acute deterioration. This article analyzes the case of a patient with iatrogenic hypoglycemia due to administration of the wrong medication: Insulin instead of heparin was used to flush the patient's arterial line. In addition to assessing the results of the institution's "root-cause analysis" of the factors contributing to this particular adverse event and the institution's response, this article reviews the literature on preventing medication errors. Key strategies that might have been helpful in this case include using checklists for common emergency conditions (such as altered level of consciousness) and automated paging for "panic laboratory values," as well as instituting protocols for medication administration. Changing the system of administering medications by bar coding drugs, with checks of the medication, patient, and provider, could have prevented this accident. Finally, organizations need to strive for a "culture of safety" by providing opportunities to discuss errors and adverse events in constructive, supportive environments and by resisting pressure to find a scapegoat.
mTOR Inhibition Prevents Epithelial Stem Cell Senescence and Protects from Radiation-Induced Mucositis

The integrity of the epidermis and mucosal epithelia is highly dependent on resident self-renewing stem cells, which makes them vulnerable to physical and chemical insults compromising the repopulating capacity of the epithelial stem cell compartment. This is frequently the case in cancer patients receiving radiation or chemotherapy, many of whom develop mucositis, a debilitating condition involving painful and deep mucosal ulcerations. Here, we show that inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with rapamycin increases the clonogenic capacity of primary human oral keratinocytes and their resident self-renewing cells by preventing stem cell senescence. This protective effect of rapamycin is mediated by the increase in expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and the consequent inhibition of ROS formation and oxidative stress. mTOR inhibition also protects from the loss of proliferative basal epithelial stem cells upon ionizing radiation in vivo, thereby preserving the integrity of the oral mucosa and protecting from radiation-induced mucositis.
Energetics of Hovering Flight and the Origin of Bats

It has been suggested that the evolution of the Chiroptera involved early selection for brief periods of hovering flight (Pirlot, this volume). Proto-bats are represented as being insectivorous, first leaping at their prey from the ground or from plants, and later hovering for periods of a few seconds by vigorously flapping their forelimbs. After entering the aerial niche in this manner, bats are supposed to have undergone an adaptive radiation into the variety of flight habits used by their extant representatives. A similar scheme has been advanced by Jepsen (1970) who proposes that the mammal that first took to hovering already had webbed hands and “little skin flaps extending from arms to sides of the body” which it used in capturing insects.
Introduction to Example Programs

Ada [Department of Defense 82] is a language containing many advanced features not available previously in any widely used programming language. These features include: data abstraction mechanisms (packages, private types, derived types, overloading, user redefinition of operators), explicit parallelism and synchronization (tasks, entries, accept statements), a rich separate compilation facility and a powerful strong-typing mechanism. The use of these facilities allows for highly readable, efficient and maintainable programs. However, techniques and paradigms acquired in previous experience with other programming languages do not necessarily carry over directly into good Ada programming techniques. Indeed, our experience has been that a considerable re-learning effort is required to program comfortably in Ada.
The High Stakes of Postoperative Clostridium difficile Infection.

30-day postoperative rate of CDI in the Veterans Health Administration Surgery Programs was determined over a 4-year period from 2009 to 2013. The findings in this study demonstrate an overall 0.4% per year rate of CDI with a range of 0.0% to 1.4% by program. This includes outcomes from ambulatory surgery centers. The associated risk factors for the development of CDI were as expected: indices of patient frailty, length of preoperative hospitalization, complexity of surgical procedure, complexity of the surgical program of the facility, and increasing exposure to antibiotics. The strength of the study by Li et al lies within the ability to capture CDI documented in the Veterans Affairs electronic medical record that includes inpatient and outpatient settings; however, it is possible that some patients may have been diagnosed with CDI outside of the Veterans Affairs system. Moreover, while most CDIs occur temporally within 2 weeks of antibiotic exposure during the index hospitalization associated with the surgical procedure, hospital acquired–CDI is considered to be within 3 months following hospitalization. This study was limited to the 30-day postoperative period. Additionally, given the approximately 20% recurrence rate of CDI, inclusion of this end
Spatial and temporal disturbance characteristics of oak-dominated old-growth stands in the central hardwood forest region

Using a radial growth averaging technique, decadal-scale growth changes of 150- to 350-yr-old overstory oaks were used to identify canopy disturbance events in five old- growth stands, and canopy disturbance intervals were estimated using frequency analysis. Stem maps and tree-establishment and canopy-accession chronologies were then used to reconstruct the size of canopy openings. Between 1700 and 1990, median canopy disturbance interval was approximately 3 yr for each stand; larger disturbances involving two or more trees occurred about every 16 yr per stand. Based on age distribution of the oldest cohorts, three stands became established after a major disturbance, but the majority of multiple-tree disturbances were associated with gaps < 200 m 2 in area. Historic disturbance frequency and size distribution of canopy gaps suggest that the oak components of these stands persisted by utilizing a variety of growth strategies appropriate to large and small openings. The absence of significant changes in overstory disturbance frequencies further suggests that increases in the level of understory competition are responsible for the present-day decline in oak dominance. FOR. SCI. 49(5):778-789.
Credit Card Usage among Students: Evidence from a Survey of FHSU Students

Credit card use is steadily on the rise and the proportion of students with credit cards is likewise on the upswing. This raises concern on the overall debt burden faced by students even before starting full-time work as professionals. This paper reports on the credit card usage of Fort Hays State University (FHSU) students based on a mail survey conducted in the spring semester of 2005. Students were asked information on their financial resources, spending patterns, employment, and debt. Results suggest that credit card use of FHSU students compare positively to most recent national and Midwest estimates from Nellie Mae. A majority of the students have credit cards (68%), holding an average of 2.78 cards, with an average unpaid balance of $1,531.53 for those reporting positive balances while 32% reported zero balances. About 77% of students with unpaid balances on their credit cards have student loans as well, with more than half of them owing less than $11,000 in student loans.
The Impact of Brand Prestige on Trust, Perceived Risk, Satisfaction, and Loyalty in Upscale Restaurants

Brand prestige significantly influences trust, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and perceived risk. Perceived risk has a negative impact on trust, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Data analysis also revealed the positive effect of trust on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided in the conclusion and discussion.
Composition of the C6+ Fraction of Natural Gas by Multiple Porous Layer Open Tubular Capillaries Maintained at Low Temperatures.

As the sources of natural gas become more diverse, the trace constituents of the C6+ fraction are of increasing interest. Analysis of fuel gas (including natural gas) for compounds with more than six carbon atoms (the C6+ fraction) has historically been complex and expensive. Hence, this is a procedure that is used most often in troubleshooting rather than for day-to-day operations. The C6+ fraction affects gas quality issues and safety considerations, such as anomalies associated with odorization. Recent advances in dynamic headspace vapor collection can be applied to this analysis and provide a faster, less complex alternative for compositional determination of the C6+ fraction of natural gas. Porous layer open tubular capillaries maintained at low temperatures (PLOT-cryo) form the basis of a dynamic headspace sampling method that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initially for explosives in 2009. This method has been recently advanced by the combining of multipl...
Arguing to Agree: Mitigating My-Side Bias Through Consensus-Seeking Dialogue.

Research has shown that novice writers tend to ignore opposing viewpoints when framing and developing arguments in writing, a phenomenon commonly referred to as my-side bias. In the present article, we contrast two forms of argumentative discourse conditions (arguing to persuade and arguing to reach consensus) and examine their differential effects on my-side bias in writing. Our data reveal that when asked to write an essay to support their opinions on capital punishment, individuals who had argued to reach consensus were more likely to cite claims that challenge their position, reconcile these claims with their position, and make use of claims that had originally been introduced by their dialogue partners. We discuss these findings in light of educational policy and practice and caution against an overemphasis on using persuasive discourse as a means of teaching argumentative reasoning and writing.
Investigation on Effect of Health Literacy Intervention among Rural Residents in Shanghai Suburbs

[Objective]To understand the health literacy level of rural residents in Shanghai suburbs,evaluate the effect of current health education measures,provide the basis for making future health education policy.[Methods]104 rural residents were sampled from Changbang village of Jinshan district in 2008,and 219 rural residents were sampled in 2009.The status of health literacy of rural residents was investigated,and the intervention effect was evaluated.[Results]From 2008 to 2010,the awareness rate of health concept and basic knowledge increased from 20.19% to 33.78 %,the qualified rate of healthy lifestyle and behavior increased from 15.12% to 18.26%,the qualified rate of health skill literacy decreased from 19.23% to19.18%,and the total qualified rate of health literacy increased from 14.42% to 15.98%.Among 4 health literacy items that were low in 2008,3 items improved in 2010.[Conclusion]Compare with the national health literacy level in 2008,the health literacy level of rural residents from Changbang village was at a high level in 2008.Compare with the health literacy level in 2008,the health literacy level have improved in 2010,but the increased range was not large.The current health education measures have preliminary effect on improving the health literacy level of residents,but the effect is little.In order to improve the literacy level of residents greatly,it is necessary to strengthen the amelioration and innovation of current working mode.
Study on the effect of IPH against experimental BPH

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of IPH(inhibit or p rostatic hyperplasia) against experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).METHODS The BPH models induced by fetal urogenital sinus (UGS) on mice and by testosteroni propionates on rats were used, and they were treate d with IPH 30,60,120 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ,ig.for 6 weeks.RESULTS The weight of prostatic hyperplasia were obviously decreased compared with the model group ( P 0.05).CONCLUSION IPH could obvi ously inhibit experimental prostatic hyperplasia.
Evaluation of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt-Related Complications in Intracranial Meningioma with Hydrocephalus.

Objective Meningioma is a common intracranial tumor that predisposes patients to hydrocephalus which may require a permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedure such as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. We reviewed our long-term experience with VP shunts for the management of hydrocephalus in patients with meningioma. Methods and Materials A total of 48 Patients with meningioma who underwent VP shunt insertion for hydrocephalus from 1990 to 2013 was included in our case series. The study population was evaluated clinically and radiographically after VP shunt placement. Results Overall shunt failure was seen in 13 (27%) patients. Single and multiple shunt revisions were required in eight (16.7%) and five (10.4%) patients, respectively. The overall shunt revision within 6 months, 1 , and 5 years was 19, 23, and 27%, respectively. Male patient was significantly associated with the longer survival after shunt placement. Revisions free survival after 3, 5, 10, and 15 years of VP shunt placement were 70, 46, 30, and 20%, respectively. Finally, in regression analysis, age greater than 65 years (p = 0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1–0.13), tumor in posterior fossa (p 5 cm) (p = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.01–0.19), and Simpson resection grades II to IV (p = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.07–0.2) were identified as positive predictors of requirement of CSF flow diversion Conclusion The findings of the present study reveal that VP shunting is an important treatment option for the management of hydrocephalus in patients with meningioma. Further studies using less invasive techniques are warranted to compare the benefits of VP shunt for the management of hydrocephalus.
MO-E-BRC-03: Fast Online Replanning Techniques

Online adaptive radiation therapy has the potential to ensure delivery of optimal treatment to the patient by accounting for anatomical and potentially functional changes that occur from one fraction to the next and over the course of treatment. While on-line adaptive RT (ART) has been a topic of many publications, discussions, and research, it has until very recently remained largely a concept and not a practical implementation. However, recent advances in on-table imaging, use of deformable image registration for contour generation and dose tracking, faster and more efficient plan optimization, as well as fast quality assurance method has enabled the implementation of ART in the clinic in the past couple of years. The introduction of these tools into routine clinical use requires many considerations and progressive knowledge to understand how processes that have historically taken hours/days to complete can now be done in less than 30 minutes. This session will discuss considerations to perform real time contouring, planning and patient specific QA, as well as a practical workflow and the required resources. Learning Objectives: 1.To understand the difficulties, challenges and available technologies for online adaptive RT. 2.To understand how to implement online adaptive therapy in a clinical environment and to understand the workflow and resources required. 3.To understand the limitations and sources of uncertainty in the online adaptive process I have research funding from ViewRay Inc. and Philips Medical Systems.; R. Kashani, I have research funding from ViewRay Inc. and Philips Medical Systems.; X. Li, Research supported by Elekta Inc.