cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pace conference report: Early involvement in professional issues will net you positive results

Are you ready for the professional world? Have you wondered what it is like to be a practicing engineer? If you had an all expenses paid trip to Arizona to spend four days with 200 professional engineers, do you think you would get some answers? I know I did. As the IEEE Chairman of the George Washington University Student Branch in Washington, DC, I went with six other student branch chairmen from the Washington area to the 1986 National PACE (Professional Activities Committee for Engineers) Conference. We flew to sunny Phoenix for the Labor Day weekend conference, joining approximately 210 other attendees.
Ultrasonographic fetal weight estimation by an integrated computer-assisted system: Can each laboratory improve its accuracy?

Abstract Estimated fetal weights from 1684 cases with singleton, live infants born within 7 days of an ultrasonographic examinations were compared with their birth weights, which ranged from 520 to 5920 gm. Estimated weight calculated from Shepard's equation produced a linear relationship of birth weight against estimated weight with an intercept and slope of 209.5 gm and 0.929. Overall, 75% of the estimated weights were within 15% of the actual weight. A separate regression model that used the same variables from Shepard's equation failed to improve the comparison between estimated and actual weights. All cases were reevaluated with multiple regression modeling. Various examination-to-birth intervals were analyzed; intervals ≤ 3 days appeared optimal. The best equation increased the percent of cases that were within 15% of the actual birth weight to 80%. The plot of birth weight against estimated weight had an intercept and slope of 33.1 gm and 0.994. Unlike Shepard's equation, the best equation was not statistically different from the ideal one-to-one relationship between estimated and actual weight. When the new equation was applied to an additional 339 new cases, equally accurate results were obtained. Customizing a laboratory's ultrasonographic weight estimation equations may be necessary to obtain the best estimate of fetal weight.
Accuracy and reliability of three different techniques for manual goniometry for wrist motion: a cadaveric study.

Purpose Despite the ubiquitous use of manual goniometry in measuring objective outcomes of hand surgery and therapy, there are limited data concerning its accuracy or repeatability for wrist motion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability (both inter- and intra-rater) in measuring wrist flexion and extension using 3 manual goniometric alignment techniques (ulnar, radial, and dorsal–volar) in cadaveric upper extremities, using fluoroscopic verification of posture as a gold standard. In addition, we sought to assess the accuracy and reliability of the dorsal–volar technique for measurement of radioulnar deviation. Methods External fixators were applied to 10 cadaveric wrists with intramedullary cannulated rods in the radius and third metacarpal for gold-standard fluoroscopic verification of posture. Manual goniometric measurements with each technique were captured by 2 raters (a hand surgeon and a hand therapist) for reliability measurements and by a single rater for accuracy. Wrists were positioned at angles of maximum flexion, extension, and radial and ulnar deviation for reliability testing and at preselected angles across the range of motion for accuracy testing. At each position, wrist angle was measured with a 1° increment goniometer, and fluoroscopic angles were measured digitally. Intraclass correlation coefficients and root mean square values were calculated for all combinations, and analysis of variance was used to test differences between techniques. Results No technique was statistically less accurate than any other (6° to 7°). Each method was found to have high intra-rater reliability. For measurement of wrist flexion and extension, the dorsal–volar technique demonstrated the greatest inter-rater reliability, as compared to ulnar and radial, respectively. Conclusions Although each measurement technique demonstrated a similar degree of accuracy and intra-rater reliability, the dorsal–volar technique demonstrates the greatest level of inter-rater reliability for measurement of wrist flexion and extension. This information is important clinically, as measurements are regularly exchanged between hand surgeons and therapists as a basis for decisions regarding patient care.
Analysis of Thermal Stresses and Metal Movement During Welding—Part I: Analytical Study

This is the first part of a study of thermal stresses and metal movement during welding. This part discusses analysis of two-dimensional thermal stresses and metal movement during bead-on-plate and butt welding. A finite-element formulation has been derived, based on the variational principle. The formulation includes temperature dependence of material properties as well as the yield criterion.
Mothers who silence themselves: A concept with clinical implications for women living with HIV/AIDS and their children

Abstract The number of women newly infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to rise. Women living with HIV or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often mothers who deal with the unenviable task of balancing the stigma and physical needs of illness with the needs of their families and, in particular, their children (DeMarco, Johnsen, Fukuda, & Deffenbaugh, 2001). This article addresses both the communication style and subsequent concept identified in women living with HIV/AIDS called “silencing the self,” and the clinical implications for pediatric nurses who support and offer family-centered care to their patients. Mothers living with HIV/AIDS, often view the needs of the children primary as they deal with the trajectory of their own illness. In doing this, they effectively “silence” their own needs and may actually put their own psychosocial and physical needs in abeyance. It is critical that nurses in pediatric practice consider how to tangibly assess, refer, and educate mothers who silence their own needs in the process of providing care for their children. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Invasive pneumococcal infections in children with asplenia

Background.Asplenia is associated with an increased risk of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Overwhelming infection can be fulminate and lead to a fatal outcome.Objective.To review the epidemiology and clinical course of invasive S. pneumoniae infections in children with asplenia befor
THE ISOLATION OF SYNAPTOSOMES FROM THE BRAIN OF A TELEOST FISH, CENTRIOPRISTES STRIATUS

— The brain of a typical teleost fish, sea bass (Centrioprisles striatus), yielded subcellular fractions similar to those previously isolated from mammalian brain upon homogenization and differential and density gradient centrifuging. In particular, a well-defined synaptosomal fraction accounting for most of the bound acetylcholine of the tissue was obtained, although possibly because of the large amount of myelin in fish brain this and other fractions were not as homogeneous as the corresponding ones from guinea pig cerebral cortex. No difficulty was experienced in adapting the methods to the relatively small amounts of tissue (about 200 mg) obtainable from each fish. The isolation of synaptosomes in good yield indicates that teleost central presynaptic terminals have essentially the same physical properties as those of higher forms, permitting detachment and sealing under conditions of moderate liquid shear.
Edge-related gradients in microclimate in forest aggregates following structural retention harvests in western Washington

Abstract Aggregated retention is now a common method of regeneration harvest in forest ecosystems managed for both timber and ecological objectives. If residual forest aggregates are to serve as temporary refugia for species sensitive to disturbance or environmental stress, microclimatic conditions must be sufficiently buffered to allow for their persistence. In 1-ha aggregates at three experimental sites in western Washington, we quantified spatial gradients in microclimate (light, air and soil temperature, and soil moisture), effects of aspect on these gradients, and how microclimate compared to conditions in adjacent harvest areas and larger tracts of undisturbed forest (controls). Light availability and temperature were greatest at the edge, but declined sharply inside the aggregate, with most change occurring within 20 m of the edge. Beyond this distance, light generally declined to levels observed in the controls. Soil temperatures exhibited greater spatial variation and stabilized further from the edge (10–30 m), but air temperatures were generally higher than those in controls. Soil moisture exhibited no spatial trends and was comparable among aggregates, harvest areas, and controls. Aspect exerted strong effects on light and temperature, particularly within 15 m of the edge, as did forest structure. Where tree density was low, microclimatic gradients were less steep and aspect-related differences were small. Comparisons with previous studies of ground vegetation indicate that microclimatic effects were consistent, in part, with declines among some groups of vascular and non-vascular plants; however, these declines were restricted to edge environments (5–10 m) and were unaffected by aspect. Our results suggest that 1-ha aggregates are sufficiently large to contain areas with light, temperature, and soil moisture that are comparable to those in undisturbed forest and suitable, in the short-term, for persistence of forest-dependent species.
PARALLELISM IN THE RESPONSE OF THYROID AND PARATHYROID TO VARIOUS HORMONES AND HORMONE-LIKE SUBSTANCES1

INVESTIGATIONS concerning the relationship of the parathyroid gland to the other glands of internal secretion have been limited for the most part to certain experiments concerning the effect of hypophysectomy and the effect of the administration of anterior hypophysis on the parathyroid gland. The former procedure was found to diminish or inhibit the proliferative activity of the parathyroid, whereas administration of anterior hypophysis increased it. These earlier experiments were qualitative in nature and the degree of increase or decrease in proliferative activity of the parathyroid under these experimental conditions was not accurately determined; nor was the effect of other endocrine glands than the anterior hypophysis on the activity of the parathyroids studied by more exact means. No definite experiments seem to have been made concerning the possibility that the effect of the administration of anterior pituitary substance upon the parathyroids might be mediated through one or more of the other endo...
Dependence of light-saturated rates of algal photosynthesis on intracellular concentrations of phosphorus

Specific rates of photosynthesis at saturating irradiances (Popt) by laboratory populations of Chlorella and Anabaena depend on intracellular phosphorus (Q). A hyperbolic model of the form Popt =Popts (1−KQ/Q) is used to describe this relationship for three measurements of biomass (cell number, cell volume, and chlorophyll a). Chlorophyll a provides the most adequate fit to the model. When chlorophyll a is used as the measure of population size, both the maximal specific rate of photosynthesis (Popts) and the subsistence cell quota (KQ) for Anabaena are much larger than for Chlorella. The model provides a conceptual basis for understanding the relationship between rates of photosynthesis and intracellular nutrients in populations of planktonic algae.
Some Mechanical Properties of Isolated Mammalian Cardiac Muscle

Isolated preparations of mammalian cardiac muscle have been employed to study possible mechanisms responsible for changes in diastolic compliance. Muscles have been studied at rest and during isometric and afterloaded contractions, at fixed initial length and during programmed, cyclic changes in length, and under the influence of paired stimulation, catecholamines, and elevated extracellular calcium concentrations. The results obtained indicate that, although there is a series viscous element in cardiac muscle, which accounts for stress-relaxation, some changes in compliance apparently result from alterations in the extensibility of the contractile element. This conclusion is based primarily on experiments showing shifts in the apex of the length-tension curve produced by action of inotropic agents which alter diastolic compliance and on experiments showing that the rate and extent of relaxation of afterloaded contractions depend on the extent of shortening during contraction.
Accurate analytic reconstruction in X-ray fluorescence computed tomography

X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) is an emerging imaging modality that allows for the reconstruction of the distribution of nonradioactive elements within a sample from measurements of fluorescence x-rays produced by irradiation of the sample with monochromatic synchrotron radiation. XFCT is not a transmission tomography modality, but rather a stimulated emission tomography modality and thus correction for attenuation of the incident and fluorescence photons is essential if qualitatively and quantitatively accurate images are to be obtained. Attenuation correction has generally been addressed either by use of simple, somewhat inaccurate, analytic methods or by use of computationally intensive iterative methods. In this work, we show that in the case of uniform attenuation, a fairly reasonable approximation allows the XFCT image reconstruction problem to be converted into an exponential Radon transform (ERT) problem. At this point any one of a number of techniques for inverting the well-studied ERT can be brought to bear on the XFCT problem. We demonstrate the validity of our approximation and provide reconstructions from simulated data showing the approach's qualitative and quantitative accuracy.
Reminiscence: at the dawn of the space age /spl lsqb/satellite radio transmissions/spl rsqb/

The author gives a personal account of some of the satellite radio communication experiments being carried out in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In particular the author mentions the Sputnik series of satellites and the Nora-Alice payloads on the Discoverer series of satellites. The study of the ionosphere is particularly discussed. >
Applications and meaning of inheritance in software specifications

Presents a novel inheritance mechanism for a specification language. This mechanism supports stepwise refinement by combining constraints that can be inherited from several sources. Inheritance in specifications differs from inheritance in programming languages. The proposed mechanism has been designed specifically to support computer-aided requirements analysis. The main design issues for the mechanism are explained, and the application of the mechanism to requirements analysis is illustrated via examples. >
Interaural Intensity Difference Processing in Auditory Midbrain Neurons: Effects of a Transient Early Inhibitory Input

Interaural intensity differences (IIDs) are important cues that animals use to localize high-frequency sounds. Neurons sensitive to IIDs are excited by stimulation of one ear and inhibited by stimulation of the other ear, such that the response magnitude of the cell depends on the relative strengths of the two inputs, which in turn depends on the sound intensities at the ears. In the auditory midbrain nucleus, the inferior colliculus (IC), many IID-sensitive neurons have response functions that decline steeply from maximum to zero spikes as a function of IID. However, there are also many neurons with much more shallow response functions that do not decline to zero spikes. We present evidence from single-unit recordings in the Free-tailed bat's IC that this partially inhibited response pattern is a result of the inhibitory input to these cells being very brief ( approximately 2 msec). Of the cells sampled, 54 of 137 (40%) achieved partial inhibition when tested with 60 msec tones, and the inhibition to these 54 cells occurred primarily during the first few milliseconds of the excitatory response. Consequently, the initial component of the response was highly sensitive to IIDs, whereas the later component was primarily insensitive to IIDs. Each of the 54 "partially inhibited" cells was able to reach complete inhibition with very short stimuli, such as simulated bat echolocation calls that invoked only the initial, IID-sensitive component. Local application of inhibitory transmitter antagonists disabled the short inhibitory input, indicating that this response pattern is created within the IC.
Aerosolized Terbutaline Sulfate—An Evaluation Of Efficacy and Side Effects in Patients with Reversible Airway Disease

Aerosolized terbutaline sulfate at a dose of 0.50 mg has been shown to produce significant bronchodilation in patients with reversible airway disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.50 mg terbutaline aerosol used on a regular dosage schedule over a six-week period. Sixteen ambulant patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a component of reversible airway disease were evaluated. The patients were tested at two-week intervals during a six-week period. The patients abstained from all bronchodilatory medications for at least 10 hours prior to the time of evaluation. The evaluation consisted of baseline pulmonary function tests, ECG, CBC, urinalysis, and renal and liver function tests. After the terbutaline was administered, a rhythm strip and pulmonary function tests were repeated at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Throughout the six-week study, there was a statistically significant increase in FEV1.0 and MMEFR (P less than 0.001): deltaFEV1.0 (ml) 740 (63%) 550 (45%) 340 (25%) 320 (25%) deltaMMEFR (liters/min) 42 (74%) 29 (46%) 28 (43%) 36 (42%). No abnormal laboratory results or paradoxical bronchospasm were noted during the study period; however, sympathomimetic side effects were observed. Aerosolized terbutaline sulfate (0.50 mg) when used on a regular schedule over a six-week period is effective in the treatment of reversible airway disease.
Packaging of image sensor devices for camera module analysis applications

Production of image sensor devices has increased dnunatically in recent years due to wide scale adoption of camera modules in mobile phones. It is expected that over 150M camera modules will be shipped in mobile phones in 2004. The packaging of an image sensor in a camera module presents several unique engineering challenges. Miterials selection, facilities control, assembly process, and image test are all areas where technology is rapidly developing. This paper will focus on current challenges, and highlight several areas where advances in research and development are needed.
Dynamic Response of Tertiary Subsystems

An efficient and accurate method is presented for dynamic analysis of tertiary subsystems mounted on primary‐secondary systems, such as control devices attached to piping in nuclear power plants. Modal properties, such as natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, of the composite primary‐secondary‐tertiary system are derived in terms of the known subsystem properties, employing previously developed modal synthesis and perturbation results for primary‐secondary systems, which are extended here to subsystems with non‐classical damping. The method is direct in that the response of the tertiary subsystem is obtained in terms of the input excitation without the need to generate intermediate results, such as floor response spectra. Important effects of tuning, interaction, nonclassical damping, and spatial coupling are fully accounted for. The paper also presents an in‐depth analysis of the conditions and effects of tuning in primary‐secondary‐tertiary systems.
Leaving the ‘perfect DREAMer’ behind? Narratives and mobilization in immigration reform

AbstractThis paper focuses on the consequences of the narrative used to support immigration reform by some immigrant activists, and especially how this narrative may negatively impact potential allies. Policies and policy proposals such as the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act, and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals have been consistently championed using a specific narrative of undocumented youths which presents them as well-assimilated, driven, and US-educated. The paper is drawn from 60 in-depth interviews conducted with undocumented youths in 2013 in New York City and northern New Jersey. The paper builds on the literature relative to narratives in social movements, framing and policy-making. Findings indicate that recent campaigns continue to make extensive use of this narrative, even though it creates a divide within the undocumented community. This unintended consequence has recently led some activists to step away from the ‘perfect DREAMer’.
Blood pressure in female and male rats following ventromedial hypothalamic lesions placed at four different ages.

Summary1. Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions placed in female and male rats at the age of 21 and 26 days respectively, prevented the rise of blood pressure normally observed in intact rats of this age; lesions placed at the age of 59, 75 and 140 days did not show this effect. 2. Rats that had been lesioned at 59, 75 and 140 days of age ingested more sodium than their respective intact controls; this was more pronounced in the female rats than in the male animals. 3. The increased sodium intake due to hypothalamic hyperphagia may be responsible for the alleviation of the hypotensive effect of the lesions resulting from neuroendocrine deficiencies. 4. The fact that ventromedial lesions prevented blood pressure and adrenal weight from attaining magnitudes appropriate for intact controls in weanling rats only, i.e., during a phase of most active growth, suggests that the lesions interfered with the finer neuroendocrine regulation of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and perhaps growth hormone.
Surface and Near-Surface Atom Dynamics During Low Energy Xe Ion Bombardment of Si and Fcc Surfaces

Surface and near-surface processes have been studied during low energy Xe ion bombardment of Si (001) and fcc surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. Defect production is enhanced near the surface of smooth Si (001) surfaces with respect to the bulk in the energy range 20–150 eV, but is not confined exclusively to the surface layer. The extent and qualitative nature of bombardment-induced dissociation of small fcc islands on an otherwise smooth fcc (001) surface is found to depend strongly on island cohesive energy.
Hepatitis B Virus Antigen Development in Cultured Human Hepatocytes

SummaryAustralia antigen, now termed hepatitis B antigen or HB antigen, has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the serum hepatitis virus and to be an indicator for the presence of the infective agent. The development of HB antigen in cultured human fetal hepatic parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) after exposure to acute-phase sera containing the antigen is described. Hepatitis B antigen was demonstrated in the cultured cells by immunofluorescence methods and specificity determined by agar gel diffusion, counterelectrophoresis, blocking and absorption experiments, and examination of frozen sections of liver containing the antigen. Development of HB antigen in the cultured fetal hepatocytes was slow and occurred in a limited number of cells. Hepatitis B antigen was detected initially as irregularly shaped granular deposits in the nuclei of the hepatocytes and was first observed 2 weeks after exposure. These observations support the concept of the hepatocyte nucleus as the primary site of viral rep...
The Susceptibility of Mice to Inhaled Type III Pneumococci

In preceding papers1 it had been shown that when mice are exposed to an atmosphere containing type I pneumococci in the form of a fine mist, the organisms readily penetrate into the lower respiratory tract. Pneumococci which have reached the lung as a result of this procedure usually disappear from the periphery of the lung within a few hours, and only in a few instances does death result from a septicemia. In mice intoxicated with alcohol, however, pneumococci persist in the lungs for a long period, and a fatal septicemia frequently follows. The purpose of the present paper is to report results obtained when mice were exposed to sprays containing type III pneumococci.
Local Basis Gw Calculations and the Dielectric Response of Si and C Clusters

We describe our progress in developing an ab initio computational scheme for the calculation of the dielectric response function of solids, with special emphasis here on Si and C clusters. All calculations are carried out employing a basis of localized atomic-like orbitals and include the evaluation of quasiparticle corrections. The self-energy operator is evaluated in the GW approximation, with a full frequency dependence for the dielectric matrix. The approach is convenient and computationally optimal for the calculation of optical properties of complex systems lacking full periodicity, such as surfaces and clusters. We present here the dielectric response functions of clusters with structures found after full equilibration via molecular dynamical simulations, and discuss the sensitivity of the optical properties to quasiparticle corrections.
An Experimental Analysis of a Salesman's Expert and Referent Bases of Social Power in the Buyer-Seller Dyad:

A salesman's expert and referent social power bases are analyzed experimentally to assess their impact on the customer's trust in the salesman, attitude, and behavioral intentions. Findings indicat...
Design of Jiangsu Power Grid Running Data Integration Platform

There is an information break between production area and management area in present power system.The visibility and usability of data is wick.This paper proposes a design strategy of Jiangsu power grid running data integration platform and gives design fundamental.CIM/CIS is proved to be the right direction of power information integration from theories,research and application.CIM/CIS guarantees the standardization of Jiangsu power grid running data integration platform.
Epidemiological characteristics and control countermeasures of food poisoning incidents in Zhoukou City of Henan Province

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Zhoukou City in recent 9years,and provide evidence for its control.[Methods]The descriptive epidemiology method was adopted to analyze the relevant data.[Results] From 2004-2012 in Zhoukou City,a total of 8 incidents of public health emergencies were reported,with 454 cases,and 3 deaths,the mortality was 0. 7%. The peak incidence appeared in Apri- September,most occurred in canteens,excessive nitrite was the major cause.[Conclusion]The prevention and control measures should be adopted in key places and key links according to the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Zhoukou City.
Analysis on thermal structure of guider for TY-4 rocket launcher

Based on transient characteristics of hot gas flow during the rocket off-orbit period, some key technologies were calculated and analyzed, such as panel strength of double-edged wedge guider, temperature parameters and off-orbit disturbance. The results show the that by using guider material with high melting point and high heat conductivity coefficient, the heat in hot gas flow can be transferred across the thickness directeon, and surface temperature and erosion can be reduced. The reasonable design of guider contour and impact angle can play an important role in controlling impact and initial disturbance of rockets.
Prostaglandin E2 production after lamellar keratectomy and photorefractive keratectomy

PURPOSE To compare the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in corneal tissue after 193-nanometer excimer laser keratectomy and mechanical keratectomy with a microkeratome. METHODS Four rabbits underwent 193-nanometer excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy on one eye, and lamellar keratectomy with the microkeratome on the fellow eye. The corneas were harvested at 10 hours after the treatment and quantitated for PGE2 levels using an enzyme-linked immune assay. Control levels of PGE2 in untreated corneas were obtained from a previous study. RESULTS Unoperated control corneas had low levels of PGE2 (1.79 +/- 1.0 pg/mL). Both surgical techniques resulted in a significant (p < .01) increase in PGE2. Corneas ablated mechanically with the microkeratome had an average PGE2 level of 15.48 +/-5.36 pg/mL, which represented an 8.6-fold increase compared to control; there was an additional 330% mean increase in PGE2 concentration in the laser-ablated corneas (51.29 +/- 36.08 pg/mL) compared to the corneas treated with mechanical lamellar keratectomy (p = .014). CONCLUSIONS Mechanical and photochemical superficial keratectomies induce production of an inflammatory mediator, PGE2. The 193-nanometer excimer laser irradiation causes a greater increase of PGE2 production in the corneal tissue than does keratectomy with the microkeratome; this observation may support a role for cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors in postoperative therapy.
Protein Expression, Purification, and Analysis

This chapter explains how the plasmid pGEX2–VirD2 (the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] product virD 2 inserted into pGEX 2 ) expresses the fusion protein VirD 2 . Transcription of this hybrid gene comes from the tac promoter located upstream of glutathione- S -transferase ( gst ). The tac promoter is a hybrid of the E. coli trp and lac promoters; it is a very strong promoter regulated in the same manner as the lac promoter. The lacI gene encodes the Lac repressor, which binds to lac promoter/operator regions and inhibits transcription. In lacI+ cells, a single copy lac (or tac ) promoter will be repressed by lacI unless an inducer, such as lactose or IPTG (isopropylthiogalactoside), is present. In multicopy plasmids (for example, pUC or pGEX), multiple copies of the tac promoter titrate all of the Lac repressor made in lacI+ strains. To regulate tac promoters on these multicopy plasmids, cells must overproduce the LacI protein. Strains carrying the mutant allele lacI q overexpress LacI at levels sufficient to regulate the tac promoter on multicopy plasmids. Full repression of the gene is not necessary because the Gst–VirD 2 fusion protein is not deleterious to E. coli. Various problems that could be faced during this experiment have also been highlighted in the chapter. Finally, crude extracts are prepared and fusion protein is purified, which are then analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Focus-of-attention behavioral experiment: an examination of a therapeutic procedure to reduce social anxiety

A clinical protocol based on contemporary cognitive behavioral treatment for social anxiety was developed and examined. Previously published instructions for conducting a focus-of-attention behavioral experiment targeting self-focused attention and safety behaviors during exposure were used to create a structured protocol. Individuals (n = 45) with high levels of social anxiety and public-speaking anxiety were randomly assigned to either a focus-of-attention behavioral experiment (FABE) or an Exposure-Only Control (EOC) condition. During four exposure trials, those in the FABE condition (n = 24) were alternately instructed to engage in self-focused attention vs. externally focused attention and to eliminate safety behaviors. Those in the EOC condition (n = 21) were not so instructed. At post-intervention, individuals in the FABE condition showed significantly less self-focused attention and anxiety, and better observed performance as rated by audience members. Focus-of-attention statistically mediated the effect of condition on anxiety. For those in the FABE condition, the degree of association between focus-of-attention and anxiety during the intervention predicted less self-focused attention post-intervention. The FABE appears to be a useful procedure for implementing part of the contemporary cognitive behavioral treatment model.
Evaluation of Qualitative Platelet Disorders in Patients with Hemophilia.

The hemophilias are inherited disorders of the coagulation system with no apparent effects on primary hemostasis. However, bleeding times and platelet aggregation have been reported as abnormal. These observations have been ascribed to undiagnosed Von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD), effects of factor replacement, or drugs. We evaluated three patients with hemophilia including one patient with factor VIII deficiency, one with factor VIII and inhibitor, and one factor IX who had persistent bleeding despite their standard treatment. Initial evaluation of primary hemostasis demonstrated abnormal bleeding time and or platelet function analysis (PFA-100). VWD antigen and ristocetin cofactor were normal. Electron microscopy demonstrated alpha and or delta granule storage pool deficiency. Careful review of all drugs the patients were on did not explain this finding. Repeat evaluation of one patient over time demonstrated persistence of abnormal function. Treatment with DDAVP(Desmopressin) normalized in vitro function in 2 patients. After documentation of these abnormalities, two patients were treated with DDAVP with or without platelets as well as factor replacement or in face of inhibitors FEIBA or FVIIa. Clinical improvement was seen in the 2 patients after this intervention. A prospective study of our hemophilia population has been initiated with the goal of documenting the frequency of storage pool deficiency, the importance of the disorder to bleeding episodes and treatment response, and to determine whether this is inherited or acquired.
The Role of Robotic Surgery in Sinonasal and Ventral Skull Base Malignancy

Over the past decade, robotic surgery has gained wide popularity, making a significant impact on multiple surgical specialties. In the head and neck arena, transoral robotic surgery has proven to be safe and associated with acceptable oncological and superior functional outcomes for surgery of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, supraglottis, and glottis; thus, changing the paradigm for the management of tumors in these anatomic locations. Robotic surgery of the ventral skull base is at an early stage of development. In this article reviews the literature discussing the role of robotic surgery in managing sinonasal and ventral skull base malignant lesions.
The Effects of Exercise on Selected Classroom Behaviors of Behaviorally Disordered Adolescents

This study was an attempt to determine the effect of physical activity on the classroom behavior of behaviorally disordered adolescents. A review of the literature suggested a long held belief that...
Abstract 239: Parthanatos is Involved in Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Death

Objectives: Oxidative stress underlies major vascular diseases including atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used to trigger oxidative stress in vitro ...
Investigation of particle identification methods for the analysis of the photoproduction of neutral kaons on a liquid deuterium target

OF THE THESIS INVESTIGATION OF PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE PHOTOPRODUCTION OF NEUTRAL KAONS ON A LIQUID DEUTERIUM TARGET by Brian Beckford Florida International University, 2008 Miami, Florida Professor Joerg Reinhold, Major Professor The Photoproduction of neutral kaons off a deuteron target has been investigated at the Tohoku University Laboratory of Nuclear Science. The PID methods investigated incorporated a combination of momentum, velocity ((3=v/c), and energy deposition per unit length (dE/dx) measurements. The analysis demonstrates that energy deposition and time of flight are exceedingly useful. A higher signal to background ratio was achieved for hard cuts in combination. A probabilistic likelihood estimation approach (LE) as a method for PID was also explored. The probability of a particle being correctly identified by this LE method and the preliminary results denote the need for highly precise limitations on the distributions from which the parameters would be extracted. It was confirmed that these PID are applicable approaches to properly identify pions for the analysis of this
Avoiding Myopia: Seeing The Competition

Levitt(1975) argues that some firms lose market position because they define their business too narrowly. Levitt calls this narrow vision “Market Myopia.” More recently, Day and Nedungadi(1994) suggest that managers selectively focus only on parts of market phenomena, and thus focus both on the search for and interpretation of market information.
Role of Water

In addition to the role of the adsorbent’s features (porosity and surface chemistry), the experimental conditions of the breakthrough tests can affect the removal process as well. In particular, the role of water, either in the air stream or on the adsorbent’s surface must be considered.
Mitral Valve Surgery for Congestive Heart Failure

Mitral valve diseases are common causes of congestive heart failure. Chronic primary and secondary (functional) mitral valve regurgitation are the most common reasons. Valve repair for primary mitral regurgitation cures mitral valve disease, whereas in functional regurgitation, mitral valve repair is associated with high failure rates secondary to persistent/progressive ventricular dysfunction and remodeling. Most patients are managed with strict adherence to the valve guidelines. Mitral valve replacement has an increased role in management of functional mitral regurgitation. Surgery for mitral valve disease is indicated in symptomatic patients with severe valve disease and in asymptotic before irreversible ventricular damage occurs.
Consequences of multiple flower-insect interactions for subsequent plant-insect interactions and plant reproduction.

Premise of the study Plants often interact simultaneously with multiple antagonists and mutualists that can alter plant traits at the phenotypic or genetic level, subsequent plant-insect interactions, and reproduction. Although many studies have examined the effects of single floral antagonisms on subsequent pollination and plant reproduction, we know very little about the combined, potentially non-additive effects of multiple flower-insect interactions. Methods We simulated increased florivory, nectar robbing, and pollination on field-grown Impatiens capensis, which allowed us to determine interactive effects on five subsequent plant-insect interactions and 16 plant traits, including traits related to plant growth, floral attractiveness, floral defenses, and plant reproduction. Key results All three manipulative treatments had significant non-additive effects on the behavior of subsequent floral visitors, indicating that the effect of floral visitors generally depended on the presence or behavior of others. Pollination increased visitation by both pollinators and nectar larcenists (robbers and thieves), while florivory reduced pollinator and larcenist visits. Surprisingly, supplemental pollination also increased leaf herbivory. Florivores often responded to manipulations in opposite ways than did nectar larcenists and pollinators, suggesting different mechanisms influencing visitors that consume nectar compared to floral tissue. While our treatments did not affect any floral trait measured, they non-additively impacted plant reproduction, with florivory having a larger overall impact than either nectar robbing or pollination. Conclusions These results emphasize the importance of understanding the context in which flower-insect interactions occur because the composition of the interacting community can have large and non-additive impacts on subsequent insect behavior and plant reproduction.
A novel educational laboratory experiment for constant-mass expansion of petroleum fluids

Abstract This paper presents a new way to conduct an educational experiment for bubble-point determination of a hydrocarbon mixture. The visual fluid cell newly designed for educational purposes made it possible to teach bubble-point determination safely at low cost within a few hours for groups of students in a laboratory class. The educational experiment developed has been successfully implemented for three semesters at the authors’ institution with positive responses from a vast majority of the students. It is hoped that this paper helps other interested instructors enhance students’ learning experience in the subject of fluid properties.
Primary Care Interventions for Obesity: Review of the Evidence

This review describes the results of randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the efficacy of behavioral interventions for obesity in primary care settings. Most studies have found that high-intensity behavioral counseling (providing 12 or more sessions per year, as defined by the US Preventative Services Task Force), when delivered in-person, by phone, or electronically, produced clinically meaningful weight loss (4 to 7 kg). Low- to moderate-intensity behavioral counseling and counseling that did not include behavioral strategies (e.g., motivational interviewing) produced modest losses of 1 to 2 kg. The addition of weight loss medication increased mean losses relative to behavioral treatment alone. Consistent with national guidelines, the largest weight losses were achieved with high-intensity counseling, either alone or in combination with obesity pharmacotherapy. Primary care providers can support their patients by inviting them to discuss their weight concerns and referring interested individuals to appropriate interventions.
Cognitive and Achievement Characteristics of Students From a National Sample Identified as Potentially Twice Exceptional (Gifted With a Learning Disability)

It is important to identify cognitive and achievement characteristics that differentiate students who are twice exceptional because they are gifted and have a learning disability (2e-LD) from gifte...
Parametric study of Ns-DBD plasma actuators in a turbulent mixing layer

Excitation of a low-speed turbulent mixing layer using nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge (ns-DBD) plasma actuators is demonstrated here under various forcing conditions. The mixing layer behavior downstream is examined in the context of observations near the point of actuation (splitter plate trailing edge). Parameters explored include carrier/burst frequency, pulse energy, and duty cycle. Control authority is found to increase with carrier frequency, but a reduction in efficacy is observed for high pulse energy and lower duty cycle. During actuation, a streamwise velocity deficit is found near the trailing edge relative to the baseline. This causes velocity fluctuations that are amplified and lead to the formation of large-scale structures. The results indicate ns-DBD plasma actuators in burst mode acts as an obstruction giving rise to cross-stream perturbations that cause mixing layer growth.
Abortion and the Christian tradition: a pro-choice theological ethics: by Margaret D. Kamitsuka, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2019, $35 (paperback), ISBN 9780664265687

Across United States society, from congressional halls to church sanctuaries, there are very few issues that involve rhetoric as polemical or as polarizing as abortion. In her new book, Abortion an...
Political Advertising, Digital Platforms, and the Democratic Deficiencies of Self-Regulation

Amid ongoing concerns about foreign electoral interference and fake news, digital platforms like Facebook, Google, and Twitter have been rolling out new political advertising policies for the 2020 election cycle. These emergent policies address what sort of ads are permissible, who can run them, how particular audiences can be targeted, and what disclosures and disclaimers must be made. Collectively, the policies highlight the extent to which platforms have become active regulators and powerful gatekeepers of modern political discourse. They also raise a host of questions about the relationship between digital governance and the law of democracy. This Essay aims to draw attention to the rise of platform self-regulation of political advertising and to encourage inquiry into its implications. In future work, scholars can and should debate the merits of particular measures, scrutinize platforms’ implementation and enforcement efforts, and consider the systemic consequences of these self-regulatory activities. As a first step, the Essay zooms out and identifies an overarching process-based concern. Platforms often invoke democratic values to justify their political advertising policies. Yet their ostensible efforts to promote and safeguard democracy lack any real democratic imprimatur. Platforms have not adopted their policies through open, participatory processes, and in at least some instances, their choices appear to prioritize the interests of political professionals over the preferences and autonomy of platform users. The Essay concludes with some tentative suggestions for addressing these democratic deficiencies.
A Media Literacy-Based Nutrition Program Fosters Parent-Child Food Marketing Discussions, Improves Home Food Environment, and Youth Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables.

Background: Media use is a known contributor to childhood obesity, but encouraging reductions in screen use only partially eliminates media influence. We tested a family-centered, media literacy-or...
7.19 – Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Halogenated hydrocarbons represent a large group of aromatic and aliphatic compounds with diverse industrial, agricultural, medical, and public health applications. Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons comprise many haloalkanes, haloalkenes, and haloalkynes which are released into the environment or detected in drinking water to which general public are exposed by various routes. These halogenated hydrocarbons can induce toxicity after biotransformation to multiple organs, especially kidney in experimental animals, and is a concern about the potential human health. The objective of this chapter is to review knowledge on the renal toxicology of representative haloalkanes and haloalkenes, the biochemical basis for their kidney selectivity, and, when possible, to correlate species- and sex-related differences in metabolism and nephrotoxicity.
Interfacial stabilization for epitaxial CuCrO2 delafossites.

ABO2 delafossites are fascinating materials that exhibit a wide range of physical properties, including giant Rashba spin splitting and anomalous Hall effects, because of their characteristic layered structures composed of noble metal A and strongly correlated BO2 sublayers. However, thin film synthesis is known to be extremely challenging owing to their low symmetry rhombohedral structures, which limit the selection of substrates for thin film epitaxy. Hexagonal lattices, such as those provided by Al2O3(0001) and (111) oriented cubic perovskites, are promising candidates for epitaxy of delafossites. However, the formation of twin domains and impurity phases is hard to suppress, and the nucleation and growth mechanisms thereon have not been studied for the growth of epitaxial delafossites. In this study, we report the epitaxial stabilization of a new interfacial phase formed during pulsed-laser epitaxy of (0001)-oriented CuCrO2 epitaxial thin films on Al2O3 substrates. Through a combined study using scanning transmission electron microscopy/electron-energy loss spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we report that the nucleation of a thermodynamically stable, atomically thick CuCr1−xAlxO2 interfacial layer is the critical element for the epitaxy of CuCrO2 delafossites on Al2O3 substrates. This finding provides key insights into the thermodynamic mechanism for the nucleation of intermixing-induced buffer layers that can be used for the growth of other noble-metal-based delafossites, which are known to be challenging due to the difficulty in initial nucleation.
Doing coursework without doing biology: undergraduate students’ non-conceptual strategies to problem solving

Exams constitute the predominant form of summative assessment in undergraduate biology education, with the assumption that exam performance should reflect student conceptual understanding. Previous...