cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal cycles of growth, development and movement of the African honey bee,Apis mellifera scutettata, in Africa

The relationship between the annual colony cycle and seasonal patterns of forage availability was investigated for the African honey bee,Apis mellifera scutellata, in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana. The annual cycle occurred in three distinct periods. The swarming season occurred from October-November, following two to three months of intense brood production, and coincided with the end of peak forage abundance. The migration season occurred from November-May and coincided with reduced and variable floral resources. During the migration season, brood production and food storage were generally low but quite variable from month to month, and swarms passing over the study area at this time traveled in an easterly direction. The migration season was followed by the establishment period (June-September), in which large numbers of new colonies traveling from the west moved into the study area. The establishment period coincided with, and slightly preceded, the period of peak forage abundance, and colonies devoted resources collected at this time almost entirely to brood rearing, which culminated in swarm production. The data suggest that honey bee colonies in the Okavango are mobile and gear their reproduction and movement to seasonally shifting resource pattern.
Gallium-67 imaging in lymphoma: tricks of the trade

Objective: Although the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET for evaluating lymphoma is gaining in popularity, PET is not yet universally available and large prospective comparisons between 67Ga and 18F-FDG PET scans in predicting the long-term outcome after treatment are lacking. Scintigraphic imaging with 67Ga remains an important tool in evaluating the response of lymphoma to therapy. There are a variety of challenges and pitfalls inherent in 67Ga imaging for lymphoma. These are discussed and problem cases are illustrated. After reading this article, the nuclear medicine professional should be able to: (a) optimize the technical approach to and (b) maximize the diagnostic accuracy of 67Ga scintigraphy in assessing the response of lymphoma to therapy.
Flagellum-mediated biofilm defense mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against host-derived lactoferrin.

Chronic infection with the gram-negative organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human patients, despite high doses of antibiotics used to treat the various diseases this organism causes. These infections are chronic because P. aeruginosa readily forms biofilms, which are inherently resistant to antibiotics as well as the host's immune system. Our laboratory has been investigating specific mutations in P. aeruginosa that regulate biofilm bacterial susceptibility to the host. To continue our investigation of the role of genetics in bacterial biofilm host resistance, we examined P. aeruginosa biofilms that lack the flgK gene. This mutant lacks flagella, which results in defects in early biofilm development (up to 36 h). For these experiments, the flgK-disrupted strain and the parental strain (PA14) were used in a modified version of the 96-well plate microtiter assay. Biofilms were challenged with freshly isolated human leukocytes for 4 to 6 h and viable bacteria enumerated by CFU. Subsequent to the challenge, both mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) and neutrophils, along with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), were required for optimal killing of the flgK biofilm bacteria. We identified a cytokine cross talk network between mononuclear cells and neutrophils that was essential to the production of lactoferrin and bacterial killing. Our data suggest that TNF-α is secreted from mononuclear cells, causing neutrophil activation, resulting in the secretion of bactericidal concentrations of lactoferrin. These results extend previous studies of the importance of lactoferrin in the innate immune defense against bacterial biofilms.
Flow and sediment suspension events on the inner shelf of central California

Abstract The US Geological Survey conducted a field experiment in the late spring and early summer of 1998 off northern Santa Cruz County, California, to study sediment fluxes along the central California shelf. As part of this study, a bottom-mounted instrument package was deployed in a sediment-filled paleo-stream channel (h=12 m) off a pocket beach to measure waves, currents, suspended-sediment concentration, temperature, salinity, and seabed-level changes. The observations of suspended-sediment concentration revealed intermittent, intense periods of sediment suspension near the bed that were associated with the passage of individual large waves or wave groups. We used an ensemble averaging technique to characterize the temporal structure of near-bed sediment suspension events (SSEs) defined as when the near-bed instantaneous concentration exceeded the mean by three standard deviations. During the 800 h of deployment, over 9500 SSEs occurred. The 3917 SSEs that began under onshore flow were found to have a different temporal structure than the 5650 events that began during offshore flow. The longer mean duration of the onshore flow events caused an average of 83% of the sediment suspended during the course of the events to be carried offshore after the reversal of flow. All of the sediment suspended during the offshore events was carried offshore due to the shorter mean duration of these events. SSEs are shown to contribute 12% on average and up to 95% of the total sediment suspended by mass, demonstrating the importance of these events to sediment transport in this type of environment. Suspended-sediment transport models developed for the shelf, which use the product of the mean current and the mean suspended-sediment concentration, cannot accurately model the magnitude and direction of suspended-sediment transport on this energetic inner shelf due to the lack of information regarding the instantaneous coupling between fluid flow and sediment suspension. We conclude that time-variant models must be used to accurately model suspended-sediment transport in this type of environment.
Comparability of Sex-Role Measures:

5 current sex-role measures (the Bem Sex-role Inventory, the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, the Personality Research Form Andro Scale, the Masculinity and Femininity scales of the Adjective Checklist, and a set of socially undesirable sex-related characteristics) were compared for three samples. The scales have often been used interchangeably in the past, as they describe sex-role style in similar conceptual and psychometric terms. Yet some doubt had been raised recently as to the comparability of four of the scales for a college sample. The present study confirmed the limited comparability of the five scales in all samples tested (60 college students, 60 married adults, 60 psychiatric patients). The present analysis indicated that with current item content and classification procedure the measures cannot be used interchangeably.
Discovery of retrograde and inverted themes for indexing musical scores

This paper describes extensions to a musical score indexing program that enable it to discover sequences of notes that appear in retrograde and/or inverted form. The program was tested over a set of 50 orchestral movements by several composers of the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods. The retrograde and inversion discovery algorithm added an average of 3.76 patterns per movement to the index, increasing the number of notes in the index by 6.5%, and the number of entries by 8.2%. Among the patterns added to the index were variations of 3 themes in retrograde, 5 themes in inversion, and 3 themes in retrograde inversion.
Law, Fact, and the Threat of Reversal From Above

This article argues that the threat of review and reversal by supervising courts affects circuit court judges differently in disputes focusing on law compared to disputes focusing on facts. Because fact-bound cases are less likely to be reviewed than law-bound cases, lower court judges are freer to indulge their policy preferences in fact-bound cases. I test this argument using computer-assisted content analysis to measure the extent to which legal disputes are based on interpretations of facts and interpretations of relevant legal standards, respectively. The results of this content analysis are then used as independent variables in a model predicting the outcomes of legal challenges to the actions of administrative agencies. The results indicate that highly fact-bound decisions amplify the effects of judicial ideology while highly law-bound decisions constrain the effects of ideology.
WEAK TROPHIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LARGE PREDATORY FISHES AND HERPETOFAUNA IN THE CHANNELIZED KISSIMMEE RIVER, FLORIDA, USA

We tested the hypothesis that large predatory fishes are major predators of amphibians and reptiles along littoral ecotones by examining the diets of 70 bowfin (Amia calva), 22 chain pickerel (Esox niger), 235 Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrinchus), 258 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and 46 warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) collected from enhanced and non-enhanced portions of the channelized Kissimmee River, Florida, USA. Only six bowfin (9%) and four bass (2%) preyed upon herpetofauna. The diet of bowfin included peninsula newts (Notopthalmus viridescens piaropicola), greater sirens (Siren lacertina), and striped crayfish snakes (Regina alleni), whereas the diet of largemouth bass included peninsula newts, striped crayfish snakes, and stinkpot turtles (Kinosternum odoratus). No individual predator consumed more than one type of herpetofauna. The higher percentage of herpetofauna consumed by bowfin reflects this species catholic feeding habits. Prey size was positively correlated with predator size. Eighty percent of fishes that preyed upon herpetofauna were collected from non-enhanced portions of the river, which may reflect lower abundance of preferred prey in these disturbed habitats. Overall, it does not appear that amphibians and reptiles are an important part of the piscine food web in the channelized Kissimmee River.
Expression of calcitonin receptors in mouse preimplantation embryos and their function in the regulation of blastocyst differentiation by calcitonin

Calcitonin secretion in the pregnant uterus is tightly regulated by the ovarian hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which limit its expression to a brief period preceding blastocyst implantation. The binding of calcitonin to a G protein-coupled receptor activates adenylate cyclase and elevates cytosolic Ca2+ levels. The acceleration of preimplantation embryonic development that is known to occur upon elevation of intracellular Ca2+ prompted an investigation into calcitonin regulation of blastocyst differentiation. Using reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction to estimate the relative abundance of calcitonin receptor mRNA, a 25-fold accumulation of the splice variant, CR-1a, was observed in embryos between the 1-cell and 8-cell stages. Cytosolic free Ca2+ levels were rapidly elevated in embryos at the 4-cell to blastocyst stages after exposure to 10 nM calcitonin. Blastocysts treated for 30 minutes with 10 nM calcitonin differentiated in vitro at an accelerated rate, as assessed by the translocation of alpha5beta1 integrin to the apical surface of trophoblast cells, the corresponding elevation of fibronectin-binding activity and the timing of trophoblast cell migration. Chelation of cytosolic free Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM, but not inhibition of protein kinase A activity by H-89, attenuated the effects of calcitonin on blastocyst development. These findings support the concept that calcitonin secretion within the progesterone-primed uterus and the coordinate expression of CR-1a by preimplantation embryos regulates blastocyst differentiation through receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling.
Adolescent Obesity Risk Knowledge (AORK): Let the Discussion Begin.

Purpose This study aims to examine adolescent level of knowledge concerning obesity risk. Design and Methods Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a staged process. Data collected with (a) Obesity Risk Knowledge Scale (ORK-10), (b) focus groups, (c) scientific advisory group input, and (d) the Adolescent Obesity Risk Knowledge Scale (AORK). Results The AORK is tailored from the ORK-10 (α = .53) to capture adolescents' knowledge of obesity complications and/or risks (α = .68). Practice Implications The AORK integrates questions for assisting practitioners to initiate discussions about obesity and lifestyle choices with adolescents and their families.
Segmenting Supply Markets in Industrial Buying Behavior

Industrial buying is rapidly changing toward a position of strategic importance in many organizations. As this trend continues, there will be an increased need for concepts and tools to understand the strategic management of the buying process. This article presents the buying strategy of segmenting supply markets for more effective planning and decision-making in the industrial buying function.
Free radicals in the pathophysiology of pulmonary injury and disease.

There is a substantial volume of literature indicating that free radicals are significantly involved in lung injury and disease in a wide variety of clinically relevant situations. Evidence to support this relationship is derived from both experimental animal studies and clinical studies of human patients. Data is convincing that pulmonary injury can be induced by a myriad of stimuli that have the capacity to activate the inflammatory system These stimuli initiate a cascade of events that appear to involve the inflammatory mediators complement, tumor necrosis factor, thromboxane, xanthine oxidase, neutrophils, and the subject of this chapter, free radicals. The conclusions of reports which have utilized manipulation of these mediators in experimental studies and measurements of indices of excessive free radical generation in patients suffering from pulmonary disorders strongly suggest that free radicals may be essential and perhaps final mediators of lung injury in many of these experimental and clinical situations. These data support further evidence that measurements detecting the presence of excessive free radical generation or cellular injury known to be associated with free radical reactions may be useful tools in revealing the potential for the development of pulmonary damage and as predictors of the intensity of the injury. Clinical measurements of this type may result in the identification of patients who are at high risk for pulmonary injury or disease and who are candidates for antioxidant therapy. This chapter will review a selection of reports from the literature documenting the significant role of free radicals in lung injury, their presence in pulmonary disease, and the potential for clinically relevant measurements of free radical generation and activity to aid in the detection, prediction, and therapy of damage to the pulmonary system.
Polymediated Narrative: The Case of the Supernatural Episode "Fan Fiction"

Modern stories are the product of a recursive process influenced by elements of genre, outside content, medium, and more. These stories exist in a multitude of forms and are transmitted across multiple media. This article examines how those stories function as pieces of a broader narrative, as well as how that narrative acts as a world for the creation of stories. Through an examination of the polymediated nature of modern narratives, we explore the complicated nature of modern storytelling.
Brain divided

This is the story of an ordinary boy who meets a not-so-ordinary girl. But his brain cells can't agree on how to win her over.
Pennoyer Strikes Back: Personal Jurisdiction in a Global Age

The primary purpose of this Article is to evaluate the four most recent Supreme Court decisions on personal jurisdiction and situate those decisions within the history of Supreme Court personal jurisdiction jurisprudence. Starting with the seminal case of Pennoyer v. Neff, personal jurisdiction jurisprudence has been remarkably kaleidoscopic,with the Supreme Court intervening at various intervals to redefine the law in broad strokes, while zigzagging from one doctrinal position to another and thereby leaving lower courts to hash out the application of an evolving personal jurisdiction doctrine to varying fact patterns. I will divide this jurisprudential history into two main groups of cases after Pennoyer was superseded by the modern minimum contacts approach. The first group of decisions begins with International Shoe Co. v. Washington and continues through Hanson v. Denckla. The second group begins almost two decades later with Shaffer v. Heitner and continues through Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court and Burnham v. Superior Court.
Abstract 3465: shRNA against uPA and uPAR enhances secretion of sVEGFr1 in tumor endothelial and glioblastoma cells independent of GMCSF

The uPA/uPAR system is known to play a critical role in angiogenesis of glioblastomas. Previously, using protein array antibody analysis, we demonstrated that shRNA against uPA and uPAR (pU2) inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by regulating a number of pro-angiogenic, angiostatic and anti-angiogenic molecules. GMCSF, a pleiotropic cytokine that stimulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of various hematopoietic cells, was significantly inhibited in U87MG and 4910 cells co-cultured with endothelial cells and transfected with pU2. In this study, we evaluated the effect of shRNA against uPA and uPAR on GMCSF, sVEGFr1, GMCSF receptors and GMCSF-induced signaling and its significance on angiogenesis in glioblastoma and endothelial cells. ELISA revealed that simultaneous knockdown of uPA and uPAR in U87MG, 4910 and HMEC cells decreased secretion of GMCSF but enhanced the secretion of sVEGFr1, a known scavenger of VEGF-A. The results of the western blot analysis were consistent with our ELISA results. In endothelial cells treated with shRNA against GMCSF, recombinant uPA (ruPA) resulted in activation of GMCSFR-α and GMCSFR-β at very early time points. Moreover, endothelial tube formation was inhibited with the addition of rsVEGFr1, and antibody to rsVEGFr1 blocked GMCSF-induced tube formation in endothelial cells. The addition of ruPA to endothelial and glioblastoma cells activated phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. p27, an effector of the GMCSF signaling pathway, was downregulated in puPA-, puPAR- and pU2-transfected U87MG and 4910 cells. To determine the significance of these events in vivo, nude mice were checked for levels of GMCSF and sVEGFr1 before and after tumor formation and also after treatment with puPA, puPAR and pU2. Results showed increased levels of sVEGFr1 but decreased levels of GMCSF in shRNA treated mice in comparison to controls. Taken together, these results suggest that knockdown of uPA/uPAR in tandem induces sVEGFr1, which plays a vital role in inhibition of angiogenesis, and its secretion is independent of GMCSF in endothelial cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3465
Management of intraoperative posterior decentering in shoulder arthroplasty using anteriorly eccentric humeral head components

Background Posterior humeral decentering presents a challenge in glenohumeral arthroplasty. Soft tissue releases and osteophyte resection can lead to intraoperative decentering not evident preoperatively. Inferior outcomes result if decentering is not addressed as a part of the arthroplasty. When there is >50% posterior subluxation of the humeral head on passive elevation of the arm at surgery, we have used an anteriorly eccentric humeral head component to improve centering of the humeral articular surface on the glenoid. Methods We reviewed the 2-year outcomes for 33 shoulder arthroplasties in which anteriorly eccentric humeral heads were used to manage posterior decentering identified at surgery. Rotator interval plication was performed in 16 cases as an adjunctive stabilizing procedure. Shoulders were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the Simple Shoulder Test (SST). Radiographic centering was characterized before surgery and at follow-up on standardized axillary radiographs with the arm held in a position of functional elevation. Results With the anteriorly eccentric head component, preoperative radiographic humeral decentering was reduced from 10.4% ± 7.9% to 0.9% ± 2.3% postoperatively ( P P Conclusions Posterior decentering identified at surgery when standard trial components are in place can be addressed by replacing the anatomic humeral head with an anteriorly eccentric humeral head component.
Disruption of ribosome assembly in yeast blocks cotranscriptional pre-rRNA processing and affects the global hierarchy of ribosome biogenesis

In higher eukaryotes, pre-rRNA processing occurs almost exclusively post-transcriptionally. This is not the case in rapidly dividing yeast, as the majority of nascent pre-rRNAs are processed cotranscriptionally, with cleavage at the A2 site first releasing a pre-40S ribosomal subunit followed by release of a pre-60S ribosomal subunit upon transcription termination. Ribosome assembly is driven in part by hierarchical association of assembly factors and r-proteins. Groups of proteins are thought to associate with pre-ribosomes cotranscriptionally during early assembly steps, whereas others associate later, after transcription is completed. Here we describe a previously uncharacterized phenotype observed upon disruption of ribosome assembly, in which normally late-binding proteins associate earlier, with pre-ribosomes containing 35S pre-rRNA. As previously observed by many other groups, we show that disruption of 60S subunit biogenesis results in increased amounts of 35S pre-rRNA, suggesting that a greater fraction of pre-rRNAs are processed post-transcriptionally. Surprisingly, we found that early pre-ribosomes containing 35S pre-rRNA also contain proteins previously thought to only associate with pre-ribosomes after early pre-rRNA processing steps have separated maturation of the two subunits. We believe the shift to post-transcriptional processing is ultimately due to decreased cellular division upon disruption of ribosome assembly. When cells are grown under stress or to high density, a greater fraction of pre-rRNAs are processed post-transcriptionally and follow an alternative processing pathway. Together, these results affirm the principle that ribosome assembly occurs through different, parallel assembly pathways and suggest that there is a kinetic foot-race between the formation of protein binding sites and pre-rRNA processing events.
Evaluation of safflower varieties for drought resistance at dry-hot valley in Yuanmou of Yunnan

Fifteen safflower varieties selected among more than 3 000 varieties from 48 countries were evaluated to idendify their drought resistance at dry-hot valley in Yuanmou,Yunnan,China.Their 8 traits such as morphology,phenophase,growth potential,antireversion force and yield were recorded under drought stress.Drought resistance was scored by both drought resistant coefficient(DRC) and drought resistant index(DRI) to evaluate the adaptability of drought,yield stability,and reliability.The results show there was a difference of drought resistance among germplasms,and different impact extents for different characters under drought stress.Some varieties,YN-9mof,YN-4mf,and YN-19mof are the dependable crops with strong drought resistance and good adaption under drought stress,which can be used for new cultivars breeding and production in dry land,since their number of branches,number of fruits per plant,1000-seed weight,yield per plant,and yield per plot were higher compare with control.There are plenty of diversity of drought resistance among safflower germplasms.
Round-cell sarcomas of bone. A light and electron microscopic study.

Three round-cell sarcomas which involve bone—Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, and metastatic neuroblastoma—all show similar morphological cell patterns using routine light microscopic techniques. Glycogen in Ewing's sarcoma cells and reticulin fibers surrounding malignant lymphoma cells of the reticulumcell sarcoma type can be demonstrated by special stains and light microscopy, but with even greater specificity by electron microscopy. Urinary excretion of catecholamine and intermediate metabolites in neuroblastoma is associated with the presence, in cells of this tumor, of neurosecretory granules which can be seen by electron microscopy. Neural processes and junctional complexes further help to distinguish the cells of this tumor from the other round-cell sarcomas.
Remembering Atlantis Plato’s Timaeus-Critias, the Ancestral Constitution, and the Democracy of the Gods

There has been much scholarly disagreement concerning Plato’s participation in the mid-fourth century debates over Athens’s ancestral constitution (patrios politeia). This disunity stems from contr...
Anticholinergic agents in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

(1954). Anticholinergic Agents in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 449-452.
State and Local Party Structures: Strengthened and Still Relevant

Implicit in our discussion of the national party organizations was the significance of the state and local levels of the party. Since the activity and the powers of a party are only partially exercised at the national level, with heavy emphasis on local representation and support, it is necessary to study party organization below the national level to discover what an American party really is. Recent reforms, as we have shown, have made the national organizations much more effective. But it is clear they have to work with the state and local organizations and indeed are dependent on them. If one asks who has the power and who has the responsibility, in vote mobilization terms, the answer for the American system is that the state and local units of the parties share both power and responsibility with the national.
Defect-induced Raman spectroscopy in single-layer graphene with boron and nitrogen substitutional defects by theoretical investigation

Abstract Although advances in heteroatom incorporation into the single-layer graphene lattice resulted in films with large carrier densities, careful characterization by Raman spectroscopy is important for assessment of the material’s quality. We investigated theoretically I ( D )/ I ( D ′) Raman intensity ratios induced by B- and N- substitutional doping, demonstrated to be consistent with measurements. Calculated Fermi level shifts showed that for a moderate doping density results are comparable to electrolyte gating, while analytical analysis of the electron-defect scattering provided insight into changes of cross-sections. Effects of doping density on the D band intensity and broadening were quantified, and will assist in graphene characterization.
Texture and statistical analysis of mammograms: A novel method to detect tumor in Breast Cells

There are countless ways the human body fails. Breast cancer is one of them, especially for women. It is the most common cancer of women worldwide. It has been reported by the US Breast Cancer Registry that more than 25% and up to 50% of the decline in mortality was due to the increased use of screening mammography. The detection accuracy of these mammograms could be enhanced using suitable numerical algorithms, to reduce the amount of false positives and negatives, which are 20% and 10% respectively. We have used sophisticated texture and statistical feature extraction algorithms to increase the accuracy up to 98%. The texture technique is more robust than the statistical analysis. These methods have the potential to transfer to clinic as well as to use as mobile apps for a second opinion.
Talin: A potential protein biomarker in postmortem investigations.

Abstract The determination of the postmortem interval is of utmost importance in medicolegal death investigations. There are a number of ways to estimate the postmortem interval; however, the current established methods are susceptible to numerous biotic and abiotic factors. Previously published studies state that protein concentrations in postmortem brain tissues can detect protein changes via immunoblotting and densitometry techniques. The objective of the current study was to determine if there is a correlation between protein expression in cadaver tissues and postmortem interval. To this end, 18 brain tissues from cadavers from criminal cases were examined to determine how many hours after death the presence of four proteins (i.e., talin, α-enolase, cofilin-1, and vinculin) are detectable. Talin protein levels steadily decreased with increasing postmortem interval. Interestingly, the study demonstrated that talin protein levels were statistical significant between postmortem intervals of 24 versus 48 h and 24 versus 72 h by ANOVA. These results provide strong evidence that talin has potential to be used as a unique biomarker for the establishment of an additional method to estimate the time of death.
Why Does Processed Food Have Such a Bad Reputation

I was at a faculty awards banquet one April evening and seated next to the husband of one of the awardees. The banquet was held in a huge room of the hotel and conference center with all the partitions pushed back and at least 200 guests present. When the gentleman next to me learned that I was a food scientist, he picked up a baby-blue packet of Equal and said that his wife wouldn’t eat anything like that or any processed foods. During the banquet I looked around at what we were eating. We had a salad with dressing. I suspect that the greens came out of a bag, and the dressing did not separate because the processor had added emulsifiers. The main entree was their famous Celestial Chicken which by a strange coincidence was the same size and shape on everybody’s plate. Were all the contributing chickens the exact same size?
Gait monitoring system for patients with Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors

The goal of this research is to develop a gait monitoring system for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using wearable sensors. To achieve this objective, the first step of our work is to identify the most significant features that would best distinguish between subjects with PD and healthy control subjects. Here, various gait features were extracted using data obtained from an online database (Physionet) and further analyzed to find the most significant features that would provide the best discrimination between the two groups. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted to differentiate the subjects based on the values of the mean and pattern classification was carried out using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) algorithm. The results show that a distinct set of gait features (step distance, stance and swing phases) contributed significantly in achieving a better classification accuracy rate.
Double beta decay

The search for neutrinoless double beta decay has pushed the limit of the effective Majorana neutrino mass below 1 electron volt. Recent progress in double beta experiments is discussed, together with ideas for future attempts to reach tens of milli eV sensitivity.
Public Finance, Micro Finance and Accelerated Economic Development for the Eradication of Extreme Poverty in Sub Sahara Africa

According to the World Bank, in 2011, 415 million, that is 41.5 percent of the world’s extremely poor, living on less than $1.25 a day, live in Saharan Africa. A situation where more than 415 million people in a sub region of the world still live in abject poverty should be of global concern not only because of the moral imperative but also because of the lost economic contributions. This paper examines the decline or increase in extreme poverty situation in 34 countries in Sub Sahara Africa during the period 1992 and 2012 or for the years in the period where data is available. It also attempts to identify and evaluate the factors that lead to decrease or increase in extreme poverty in selected countries. We find that three of the countries, South Africa, Botswana and Namibia achieved fifty percent or more reduction in extreme poverty and that six countries, Sao Tome and Principe, Cote d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Zambia, Kenya and Benin experienced increase in extreme poverty during the period. The factors that led to extreme poverty reduction and increase for these countries were identified. Recommendations were made for effective poverty reduction in Sub-Sahara Africa.
Willingness of Emerging Adults to Engage in Consensual Non-Monogamy: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Over the past decade, research on consensual non-monogamy (CNM) has increased. However, willingness to engage in CNM is an understudied phenomenon within this field. Because qualitative methods are rarely used to study this phenomenon, little is known about why individuals may or may not be willing to engage in CNM. Further, research on CNM has devoted little attention to the period of emerging adulthood. The current study used a mixed-methods approach to examine a sample of emerging adults’ (ages 18–29; N = 549) willingness to engage in CNM. Results from a qualitative content analysis revealed three distinct groups (Unwilling, Willing, and Open-Minded), and several subthemes emerged within each group that help explain why emerging adults are willing to engage in CNM. Quantitative analyses examined the relationship between group membership and demographic characteristics, finding that a greater proportion of women and heterosexual participants were Unwilling. Results also indicated that a greater proportion of men were Willing, and a greater proportion of sexual minorities were Open-Minded. Group mean differences were examined using quantitative measures of CNM attitudes and willingness. The Unwilling group reported more negative attitudes towards CNM compared to the Open-Minded and Willing groups. Additionally, the Open-Minded group reported more negative attitudes compared to the Willing group. On the willingness to engage in CNM Scale, the Unwilling group had lower mean scores compared to the Willing and Open-Minded groups. The Willing group had higher mean scores compared to the Open-Minded group. Implications for CNM research and methodology are discussed.
Cardiovascular outcome studies with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists-what will REWIND add?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease with hyperglycemia and an associated high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including macrovascular and microvascular complications. In addition, CVD mortality rates appear two fold higher among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) when compared to individuals without DM (1,2).
Liver Iron Deposition

Iron is stored within the liver, spleen, and other organs of the reticuloendothelial system. Iron overload can occur as a result of primary hemochromatosis, cirrhosis, anemia, and multiple transfusions. PET/MR imaging has the ability to use multiple MRI sequences to detect and confirm liver iron deposition. Normal diffuse hepatic FDG uptake should be observed on the PET portion.
Bioactive Natural Products in Plant Disease Control

Abstract Increasing sustainability of agricultural production systems increases availability of safe and nutritious food thus addressing the grand agricultural challenge of food security. Sustainability can be incorporated into plant production by expanded use of bioactive natural products for plant protection. In both ancient and modern agriculture compounds derived from plants and microorganisms have been used as biopesticides to reduce impact of disease in plant production. This review will focus on the use of microbial or botanical natural products that act as antimicrobial agents and/or as natural inducers of the host defense system. Commercial products based on extracts of plants (particularly neem, citrus, and Giant Knotweed), proteins from plant pathogens, and mixes of oils derived from herbs and seeds are available for producers. Some products act directly on the fungus, and others stimulate the innate immunity system of the host plant. Antifungal activity of extracts and essential oils is an active area of research, and much discovery-based research is conducted to determine novel chemical combinations or to discover value-added roles for waste streams in plant-based industries. Chemical basis of antifungal activity is not always determined, but active fractions typically include phenolics, flavones, quinones, tannins, terpenes, essential oils, alkaloids, and saponins. Impact of these compounds on fungal growth will be discussed, and available literature on use of these compounds in plant protection formulations will be addressed. Application of basic knowledge to develop innovative control strategies (e.g., biopesticides that turn on plant resistance, plants engineered to overproduce bioactive natural products or produce antimicrobial proteins) will also be discussed.
Compatible and Complementary Fuzzy Partitions

Fuzzy partitions with large (small) coefficients at the same locations are considered to be compatible. We investigate to what extent two or more fuzzy partitions are compatible and to what extent two fuzzy partitions are complementary. Linguistic expressions large and small are defined by comparison with a threshold α ∈ (0, 1). We discuss how to find α at which two or more fuzzy partitions are compatible and how to find α at which two fuzzy partitions are complementary. Then we explain how α-compatibility and α-complementarity can be used in decision making.
Mode and Physiological Consequence of Aal-Toxin Interaction with the asc Locus in Tomato

The Alternaria stem canker disease of tomato, caused by Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici, is regulated by the asc locus in the host plant (Clouse,1987). Based on analysis of representatives of 9 plant families, the host range of the pathogen is limited to tomato and to specific genotypes of tomato (Gilchrist, 1976). The pathogen also produces phytotoxic metabolites (AAL-toxins), both in liquid culture and in naturally infected plants which play an important role in development of the disease on susceptible genotypes of tomato (Gilchrist,1976; Si1er, 1983). The AAL-toxins are not toxic to plants other than tomato, they are not produced by nonpathogenic A. alternata (Gilchrist,1976) nor, until recently, were they known to be produced by any other organism.
Wandel im Verbraucher- und Käuferverhalten

Zunachst wird gezeigt, dass der Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit fur den Verbraucher eher verschwommen ist, am ehesten aber noch mit Umweltschutz in Verbindung gebracht wird. Der Umweltschutz wird aktuell immer weniger als Problem wahrgenommen, im europaischem Vergleich aber am ehesten noch in Deutschland. Dies erschwert es international agierenden Firmen, die Nachhaltigkeit betonende Produktkonzepte einzufuhren. Betrachtet man das Kaufverhalten, so zeigt sich eine stetige Zunahme der Anteile fur Bio bei Lebensmitteln und Getranken, allerdings auf geringem Niveau. Die geringe Bedarfsdeckung mit die Nachhaltigkeit betonenden Produkten zeigt, dass der Verbraucher zu wenig von dem Vorteil dieser Produkte fur ihn uberzeugt ist. Dagegen ist bei Haushaltsgeraten, bei denen Einsparungen und Umweltfreundlichkeit gemeinsam verfolgt werden konnen, ein rascher Anstieg der energiesparenden Varianten auf hohem Niveau festzustellen. Als Trager der positiven Entwicklung erweisen sich die Lohas als eine anspruchsvolle Premiumzielgruppe.
Contesting Pornography: Terministic Catharsis and Definitional Argument.

This essay focuses on the debates over the MacKinnon-Dworkin Anti-Pornography Ordinance to explore one instance of definitional argument: the attempt to effect a redefinition. Using Burke's critical matrix of the pentad as a framework, I argue that advocates for a definitional shift created the possibility for a “terministic catharsis” by simultaneously locating pornography in multiple locations on the pentad, highlighting its act/agent/agency fonctions.
Microporous Capacitive Sensors for Use in Surgical Procedures

Sensors are used during surgical procedures for the monitoring of internal pressures. More sensitive pressure sensors may help to decrease post-surgical complications. To this end, a microporous capacitive sensor was developed. This sensor is meant to be mounted on surgical instruments as a component in a pressure data acquisition system. The sensors were fabricated from microporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layers and copper electrodes. To achieve higher sensitivity, micropores were formed in the PDMS by infusing the pre-polymer base and curing agent with granulated sucrose. A sensitivity of $\mathbf{S}=0.023\pm 0.0003$ kPa−1 was achieved over a pressure range from 0 to 174 kPa. The performance of the pressure sensors described here show promise for their use in surgical devices.
Realization of a large-acceptance Faraday Cup for 3 MeV electrons

Abstract The design, construction, installation, and testing of a Faraday Cup intended to measure the current of a 3 MeV, 1 μ A electron beam is described. Built as a current monitor for a Moller scattering measurement at the MIT High Voltage Research Laboratory, the device combines a large angular acceptance with the capability to measure a continuous, low energy beam. Bench studies of its performance demonstrate current measurements accurate to the percent level at 1 μ A. The Faraday Cup was designed and constructed at MIT and has been in use at the HVRL since 2017, providing a significantly more detailed measurement of beam current than was previously available.
Fostering Critical Feminist Multicultural Qualitative Research Mentoring ψ

Qualitative research mentorship is essential to the development of counseling psychology as a field that supports socially just and multicultural inquiry. This type of research aligns with the core...
Virtue and Virtual Reality in John Trumbull’s Pantheon

The four paintings by John Trumbull (1756–1843) that hang in the great Capitol Rotunda — The Declaration of Independence, The Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga, The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, The Resignation of General Washington (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) — depict the four most decisive moments in the American War of Independence and represent the artist's solution to his moral conflict arising from, on the one hand, the claims of virtue, directing his energies to a serious pursuit for the public good, and on the other, the need to earn his living by making portraits, which he considered frivolous, simply satisfying his selfish pride.1
Mutant p53 amplifies a dynamin-1/APPL1 endosome feedback loop that regulates recycling and migration.

Multiple mechanisms contribute to cancer cell progression and metastatic activity, including changes in endocytic trafficking and signaling of cell surface receptors downstream of gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53. We report that dynamin-1 (Dyn1) is up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a manner dependent on expression of GOF mutant p53. Dyn1 is required for the recruitment and accumulation of the signaling scaffold, APPL1, to a spatially localized subpopulation of endosomes at the cell perimeter. We developed new tools to quantify peripherally localized early endosomes and measure the rapid recycling of integrins. We report that these perimeter APPL1 endosomes modulate Akt signaling and activate Dyn1 to create a positive feedback loop required for rapid recycling of EGFR and β1 integrins, increased focal adhesion turnover, and cell migration. Thus, Dyn1- and Akt-dependent perimeter APPL1 endosomes function as a nexus that integrates signaling and receptor trafficking, which can be co-opted and amplified in mutant p53–driven cancer cells to increase migration and invasion.
PATHOLOGICAL OPENING OF THE BBB

Publisher Summary In pathological opening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), two aspects need to be considered. The first aspect concerns the abnormal passage of various substances across the endothelial barrier; the second relates to the fate of extravasated substances in the brain parenchyma. According to the modern concepts, BBB resides in the endothelium, and it is regarded conglomerate of various barrier systems that, homeostatically, regulate the biochemical environment optimal for the brain function. In various pathological conditions, the individual vulnerability among these systems may vary and be selective. Such selective vulnerability of the BBB has been clearly demonstrated in the cerebral ischemia as a result of obstruction of a major arterial branch. The feature of differential passage in a given BBB injury is relevant to the interpretation of the most commonly used dye-protein tracers such as sodium fluorescein (NaFl) and Ev ans Blue (EB). The differences in the behavior of these tracers could be ascribed to the differences in the degree of their binding to serum proteins. The other factors relevant to interpretation of tracer passage across the endothelial barrier are timings of BBB opening and of tracer circulation in the blood. Elucidation of changes in cerebrovascular permeability related to a complex pathophysiology of cerebral endothelium should contribute to better understanding of many brain disorders.
Pharmacometabolomic Pathway Response of Effective Anticancer Agents on Different Diets in Rats with Induced Mammary Tumors

Metabolomics is an effective approach to characterize the metabotype which can reflect the influence of genetics, physiological status, and environmental factors such as drug intakes, diet. Diet may change the chemopreventive efficacy of given agents due to the altered physiological status of the subject. Here, metabolomics response to a chemopreventive agent targretin or tamoxifen, in rats with methylnitrosourea-induced tumors on a standard diet (4% fat, CD) or a high fat diet (21% fat, HFD) was evaluated, and found that (1) the metabolome was substantially affected by diet and/or drug treatment; (2) multiple metabolites were identified as potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers related to targretin or tamoxifen regardless of diet and time; and (3) the primary bile acid pathway was significantly affected by targretin treatment in rats on both diets, and the lysolipid pathway was significantly affected by tamoxifen treatment in rats on the high fat diet.
“Wait, I’m a Research Subject?”

In this chapter, we will explore a case involving a resident physician who, upon arriving at her new residency, discovers that she is enrolled in a multicenter, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of resident work-hour restrictions on patient outcomes. By the conclusion of the case, learners will be able to apply study design and basic research principles to a complex question, articulate why failure to perform research that produces valid and reliable results is as much an ethical problem as a scientific one, analyze a research study that poses ethical issues, and recognize some of the obligations and barriers to “speaking up” in the health professions.