cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12056: Factors Affecting the Decision to Undergo Genetic Testing in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: Genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has emerged as an important tool to identify at-risk family members who would potentially benefit from periodic cardiac screening for development of overt HCM phenotype. We sought to identify potential factors that play a role in the decision-making to pursue genetic testing in a HCM proband. Methods: This study included 108 consecutive adults with HCM seen for genetic counseling between 12/2009 and 4/2011. We collected data on demographics, children, siblings, type of health insurance, family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and HCM, presence of internal defibrillator (ICD), need for surgical myectomy and whether they had commercially available genetic testing for at least 11 genes most commonly associated with HCM. Results: The mean age of the study population at presentation was 52 ± 14 years with 75 (69 %) males. Overall, 20 (18 %) and 52 (48 %) patients had family history of HCM and SCD, respectively. The mean number of children and siblings were 2 ± 1 and 3 ± 2, respectively. Thus far, 62 (58 %) patients have undergone surgical myectomy and 23 (21 %) patients have had an ICD placed. Two (2 %) patients had no insurance, 21 (19 %) had medicare/medicaid and 85 (79 %) had private insurance. Of the 55 (51 %) probands that underwent genetic testing, 16 (31 %) were gene positive, while 5 (9 %) had a variant of unknown significance and 33 (60 %) were negative. Of the 16 gene-positive individuals, family history of HCM and SCD were absent in 8 (50 %) and 7 (44 %), respectively. Logistic regression analyses of potential factors associated with the decision to undergo genetic testing are shown in the Figure. Conclusion: The decision to undergo genetic testing was independently associated with a younger age at presentation, number of children, presence of ICD and a family history of SCD. The type of health insurance did not play a significant role in the decision-making to undergo genetic testing.
Presence into Participation and Representation: Gender Quotas in Local Governance in India

Over the last two decades, women’s ‘political participation’ has emerged as a major marker of democracy around the world. This is frequently operationalized through the policy of ‘gender quotas’ th...
Electron collisions—experiment, theory, and applications

Electron collisions with atoms, ions, and molecules have represented an important area of 'applied quantum mechanics' for more than a century. This Topical Review is the write-up of the Allis Prize Lecture given by the author at the 2016 meeting of the Division of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics of the American Physical Society and the 2017 Gaseous Electronics Conference. In light of the enormous size of the field, the examples presented were selected in order to tell the story of how experimental and theoretical/numerical methods have developed over time, how fruitful collaborations between data producers (experimentalists and theorists) and data users have led to significant progress, and how the results of these studies, which were often designed for fundamental research in order to push both experiment and theory to new frontiers, continue to be highly sought after for modeling applications in a variety of fields. The impact of electron collision studies on other fields, such as photoinduced processes and quantum information, is also discussed.
Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis by inhibitor produced by cultured human lymphoblasts.

Normal human lymphoblastoid cell lines, growing in continuous suspension culture, produce inhibitors of in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis. The inhibitor reduces human lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohaemagglutinin, streptolysin-O and the mixed lymphocyte culture 90–99%, is non-cytotoxic and can inhibit both newly initiated and on-going responses. The inhibitor is heat-stable at 80°C but labile at 100°C, non-dialysable and degraded by pronase but not DNase or RNase. It is species- and tissue-specific and does not inhibit the proliferation of mouse lymphocytes, human melanoma cells or human bone marrow in vitro colony-forming cells. Inhibitor was produced only under very specific conditions of crowding. Thus, maximal inhibitor production occurred at 5 × 106 lymphocytes per cm2 culture surface area while only 0–5% of the maximal amount was produced at 106 or 5 × 107 lymphoblasts per cm2. This data is relevant to the nature of feedback control of immunological reactions and may guide the development of new classes of immunosuppressants.
Modeling of Polycrystalline Silicon Structures for Integrated Circuit Fabrication Processes

The increasing complexity of VLSI fabrication often requires the use of multilayer structures above the silicon substrate. Electrical and metallurgical properties of multilayer structures have an important effect on the circuit performance and reliability. Polycrystalline silicon is one of the most important elements of these multilayer structures. A new process model has been developed to simulate the properties of structures involving polycrystalline silicon and its oxide. This paper discusses the physics as well as the results of simulation supported by experimental data. The model can simulate many desirable properties of multilayer structures involving polycrystalline silicon. These include grain growth, resistivity and oxidation rate for the polysilicon layer, the impurity redistribution across multilayers after high temperature processing, the segregation of impurities at both grain boundaries and at interfaces, and the interdependent phenomena of dopant-dependent oxidation/diffusion.
Utilizing CUDA-Enabled GPUs to Support 5D Scientific Geovisualization: A Case Study of Simulating Dust Storm Events

Visualizing geospatial data from model simulations and field observations is an important way to support scientific data explorations. Compared to general scientific visualization, visualizing 5 Dimensional (5D) geospatial data possesses computational challenges of handling large volume unstructured 5D datasets. Utilizing state-of-the-art computing techniques is essential in developing an efficient visualization pipeline. The recent emerging Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)-enabled Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can provide a potential solution to address computational intensity by offering parallel computing capabilities. This chapter describes our efforts of designing and implementing a CUDA-based visualization pipeline for 5D geospatial data stored in scientific data formats. Such pipeline includes four major steps: data filtering, coordinate transformation, interpolation and rendering. Except for data filtering, all other three steps have been implemented with CUDA-enabled GPUs. Based on the implementations and performance tests, we summarize the major advantages and disadvantages of employing GPUs to implement 5D scientific geovisualization.
The Adult Developmental Diagnostic Process

In Chapter Two, we considered how to utilize developmental concepts in the diagnostic evaluation of children. Now let us extend the discussion of diagnostic procedures to the adult, once again focusing on the influence of developmental thinking. Many of the concepts in this chapter are elaborations of ones first presented in Chapter 11 of Adult Development (Colarusso & Nemiroff, 1981). In addition to the example of a completed diagnostic workup presented at the end of this chapter, other examples on adults of various ages may be found in Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in The Race against Time (Nemiroff & Colarusso, 1985).
Beyond Objectivity: Examining the Effects of Incorporating Civic Engagement into Higher Education Journalism Courses.

This paper examines a case study comparing students in civic engagement-enhanced journalism classes with those in which civic engagement was not emphasized in a medium-sized Mid-Atlantic university. Students completed surveys at the conclusion of the spring 2017 semester assessing their attitudes toward professional journalism roles. Students in courses containing civic engagement work prized contextual roles and were more open to non-traditional forms of community engagement journalism than their counterparts, who focused more on interpretive/disseminator roles.
Even a good influenza forecasting model can benefit from internet-based nowcasts, but those benefits are limited.

The ability to produce timely and accurate flu forecasts in the United States can significantly impact public health. Augmenting forecasts with internet data has shown promise for improving forecast accuracy and timeliness in controlled settings, but results in practice are less convincing, as models augmented with internet data have not consistently outperformed models without internet data. In this paper, we perform a controlled experiment, taking into account data backfill, to improve clarity on the benefits and limitations of augmenting an already good flu forecasting model with internet-based nowcasts. Our results show that a good flu forecasting model can benefit from the augmentation of internet-based nowcasts in practice for all considered public health-relevant forecasting targets. The degree of forecast improvement due to nowcasting, however, is uneven across forecasting targets, with short-term forecasting targets seeing the largest improvements and seasonal targets such as the peak timing and intensity seeing relatively marginal improvements. The uneven forecasting improvements across targets hold even when “perfect” nowcasts are used. These findings suggest that further improvements to flu forecasting, particularly seasonal targets, will need to derive from other, non-nowcasting approaches.
Barriers to frostbite treatment at an academic medical center

The treatment of frostbite injuries has undergone a radical change over the past decade with a shift from supportive therapy and observation towards early and aggressive medical intervention with thrombolytics and vasodilators. Institutions that have implemented evidence-based protocols have significantly decreased their amputation rates (Bruen et al., 2007; Lindford et al., 2017a; Twomey et al., 2005). We present the case of a middle-aged male treated for frostbite of multiple fingers on both hands. Because there was no treatment protocol at our institution, there were multiple delays in the patient's care including imaging and initiation of intravenous (IV) prostanoids. This case illustrates the deleterious effects of delays in treatment and strongly suggests that all facilities located in areas of cold exposure should have protocols in place for such an occurrence.
The strength of pursuing your values: Valued living as a path to resilience among college students

Although stressful life events (SLEs) frequently relate to negative outcomes, many individuals demonstrate resilience by positively adapting to stressors without significant impairment. Valued living, a key process in the theory underpinning acceptance and commitment therapy is a response style characterized by daily purposeful actions that are linked to important values and may promote resilience in college students. This study examined the main and interactive effects of SLEs and valued living in the prediction of a multidimensional measure of resilience. Results supported a strong positive relationship between resilience and valued living. Further, valued living moderated the association between SLE negative impact scores and resilience (but not the association between cumulative prior year SLEs and resilience). Although SLE negative impact scores were negatively associated with resilience at lower levels of valued living, there was no demonstrated relationship at higher levels of valued living. Implications related to promoting valued living among college students in the service of increasing resilience are discussed.
Abstract 431: Mitochondrial Fission in the Heart is an Adaptation to Increased Energetic Demands: The Role of Physiologic Fragmentation

Mitochondria play a dual role in the heart, responsible for meeting energetic demands and regulating cell death. Current paradigms hold that mitochondrial fission and fragmentation are the result o...
"Nobody's Ever Told Me That:" Women's Experiences with Shared Decision-making when Accessing Contraception.

Half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Contraceptive methods are effective in reducing unintended pregnancy burden. The shared decision-making model serves as best practice wh...
Hydrogen sulfide regulation of renal and mesenteric blood flow.

These results suggest that CSE-derived H2S has a prominent role in regulating blood pressure and blood flow under physiological conditions, which may have been underestimated in prior studies in an...
STAT Activation in TH1/TH2 Differentiation

In the mid to late 1980s, work from K. Bottomly and colleagues (1) and from T. Mossman and R. Coffman (2) led to the definition of subsets of CD4+ T cells characterized by distinct profiles of cytokine production and functional participation in uniquely separate effector activities geared towards protection against either intracellular pathogens or parasitic pathogens, known as TH1 and TH2 subsets respectively. The field of study aimed at the regulation and molecular/transcriptional basis for the differentiation of these subsets has become a central theme within the area of understanding adaptive immunity (3;4). The reason for the emphasis on understanding regulation of the TH1/TH2 issue arises from the wide reach of the CD4+ T cell in influencing and coordinating responses of the many other cells participating in responses against pathogens and self antigens. Like a spider’s web, the complex network of interactions that control a naive T cell’s choice towards one or the other pathway appears to be influenced by a large number of parameters of regulation. Indeed many factors have been reported to influence the TH1/TH2 decision, and in fact it might be challenging to find a factor or gene that has not been reported as influencing this developmental process.
Emergent Embolization of an Iatrogenic Arteriovenous Fistula due to a Random Renal Biopsy

Abstract Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a relatively common complication of renal biopsy, reported in 3-14% of patients after renal biopsy, while being a sequela of other insults such as infection, lithotripsy, or partial nephrectomy. Without emergent nephron-sparing subselective embolization, potentially life-threatening hemorrhage may require more aggressive management, surgical nephrectomy, or lobar arterial embolization with more dire consequences to renal function. We present a case of potentially life-threatening hemorrhage from an iatrogenic AVF because of a random renal biopsy treated successfully with embolization of a branch originating from the upper interlobar artery. We also discuss the basic techniques and methodology of modern renal biopsies, to reduce associated complications.
Abstract TP375: Using Characteristics of Secondary Ischemic Stroke Events to Improve Stroke Education Initiatives

Purpose: While it is common practice for nursing to perform the duty of stroke education,it is not common to use secondary stroke event data to determine what aspect of stroke education should be e...
Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey.

The evolving COVID-19 outbreak is requiring social distancing and other measures to protect public health. However, messaging has been inconsistent and unclear. This study surveyed 630 adults aged ...
Gene therapy for Parkinson's disease: contemporary practice and emerging concepts.

Gene therapy is a rapidly evolving technology that has predominantly utilized viral vectors to effectively deliver genetic material inside neurons to modulate the expression of one or more particul...
Driving Inpatient Smoking Cessation Through Respiratory Protocols

Background: In 2016 the respiratory department at the University of Utah Health (RT dept) partnered with the State of Utah health department to provide an organized and effective counseling program to inpatients. These patients (pts) were identified through the use of our existing respiratory protocols (RPs). Once identified, the pts were enrolled into the smoking cessation program (SCP). Through the SCP, pts received counseling and were encouraged to enroll in the quit line (QL). The goal was to enroll 40% of the SCP patients with the QL. Methods: Pts were evaluated using RPs approx 24 h after any respiratory therapy modality was ordered. If the pt was a current smoker or smoked in the last 6 months, they were assigned a quit score; 0) No desire to quit, do not want to talk about it, 1) Pt unavailable to answer at this time, 2) Don9t really want to quit but I9m willing to talk about it, 3) Not sure if I want to quit, 4) Want to quit and interested in more information or 5) Already quit but need help to be successful. If pt scored 1-5, a SCP order was generated for the following day. Respiratory therapists trained in SCP visited with these patients and used the AAC (Ask, Advise, Connect) model with motivational interviewing. Pts were encouraged to sign up for the QL. Pt information was sent to the QL after discharge. The Utah QL faxes the results of their contact with the pt. Results: Jan 2017 — Apr 2018, 547 pts were identified, 309 pts were disqualified for being medically unable to participate (132), self-identifying as non-smokers (10), refusing counseling (65), or being discharged (102) prior to SCP. Of the remaining 238, 80 (33.6%) signed up for the QL with only 9 accepting services post discharge. The amount of pts who accepted services may be higher, not all states send pt. updates. Conclusions: Initially driving inpatient SCP with RPs provided a great way to identify potential pts for this program. However, after 15 months without many positive results an additional avenue will be explored. Starting in July 2018, current smokers upon admission will be identified and enrolled in SCP without the initial quit score. Plans are to pilot 2 acute care floors to auto populate into the SCP in addition to the current enrollment. It is possible that the percentage of pts enrolling in the QL will decrease but hopefully the number of pts accepting services once discharged will increase thus improving population health.
Functional Brain Networks: Unique Patterns with Hedonic Appetite and Confidence to Resist Eating in Older Adults with Obesity.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether baseline measures of hedonic hunger-the Power of Food Scale-and self-control for food consumption-the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire-were associated with network topology within two sets of brain regions (regions of interest [ROIs] 1 and 2) in a group of older adults with obesity. These previously identified brain regions were shown in a different cohort of older adults to be critical for discriminating weight loss success and failure. Methods Baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging data (resting state and food cue task) were collected in a novel cohort of 67 older adults with obesity (65-85 years, BMI = 35-42 kg/m2 ) participating in an 18-month randomized clinical trial on weight regain. Results The Power of Food Scale was most related to ROI 1, which includes the visual cortex and sensorimotor processing areas during only the food cue state. During both the food cue and resting conditions, the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire was associated with ROI 2, which includes areas of the attention network and limbic circuitry. Conclusions Our findings show critical, distinct links between brain network topology with self-reported measures that capture hedonic hunger and the confidence that older adults have in resisting the consumption of food because of both intrapersonal and social/environmental cues.
On the Huse-Muren model for wake interaction with vertical offshore cylinders

Abstract There are many offshore applications that incorporate vertical cylindrical-shaped structural elements such as marine risers, TLP tendons and near shore pier designs. A better understanding of complex wake flows on the drag dominated force predictions is very much of interest for offshore design problems. This study investigates the Huse-Muren analytical wake model, whose mathematical formulation was founded on the earlier definitive studies of Prandtl and Schlichting. Developing a deeper understanding of their key findings that were based upon central assumptions and key approximations is central to this research. Analysis of their model leads to the development of dimensionless expressions for the drag coefficient correction ratio. Both the DNV-RP recommended drag force coefficients and some of Sarpkaya's U-tube measurements are used to investigate whether their analytical model could be used to bound the experimental data. The Keulegan-Carpenter number, A 0 / D ratios, Sarpkaya's Beta parameter and Reynold's number are used to interpret the range of model applicability. For the current cross flow case, variables identified in Huse and Muren's formulation lead to a dimensionless expression involving the period of in-line oscillation and the velocity of the cross-current resulting in a parameter similar to the Keulegan-Carpenter number. The ratio of this parameter to the Keulegan-Carpenter number allows one to address the drag coefficient correction ratio where a cylinder is simultaneously subjected to in-line oscillatory flow and a steady cross current coming from the transverse direction. A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the behavior of the correction ratio in this flow condition, and the results are presented and discussed.
Mobile social networking sites for emotional support: Moderating effect of gender

Due to the rapid development of mobile technology and smart devices, mobile social networking has become an essential platform for people to receive and provide emotional support in their daily lives. This paper investigates the critical determinants for people to use mobile social networking sites (SNSs) for emotional support. Further, the study analyzes the moderating effect of gender when people use mobile SNSs for emotional support. The findings indicate that both perceived emotional support and social influence are significant factors motivating users to seek emotional support through mobile SNSs. Notably, mobile convenience has a significant impact on satisfaction when using mobile SNSs for emotional support, which explains the popularity of its use in emotional support. Importantly, gender differences exist in accepting mobile SNSs for emotional support. We conclude that gender plays a significant moderating role in the use of mobile social networking for emotional support. Females intend to use mobile SNSs for emotional support more from social influence; however, social influence significantly impacts choices by both males and females. Further, actual user satisfaction significantly impacts males’ use intention of mobile SNSs for emotional support.
Coating EPA-complying Waterborne and 100% Solid Flexible Laminating Adhesives

Flexible packaging converters are increasingly using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-complying adhesives, in aqueous and 100% solid forms. Aqueous grades are applied with the same direct gravure coating stations used for solvent-borne systems; 100% solid types are applied by offset gravure. In both cases, new variables are introduced related to these less familiar forms. Wet-out, the coating quality, and the initial bond strength are affected. The variables must be understood and adjusted for optimum results. These variables fall into three groups. Some directly involve the adhesive, such as surface tension and vehicle-release characteristics; others involve the substrate, most important, the surface free energy. Coating equipment variables such as heat transfer at the laminating nip make up the third group.
Two Dimensional Convection Patterns in Large Aspect Ratio Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a mathematical framework for describing convection patterns. On the horizontal diffusion time scale TH, the convection field develops patches, of a circular nature surrounding a sink, in which the wavenumber is constant. The incompatibility of these patches is ironed out over the longer time scale of the aspect ratio times TH, and the process involves a gliding motion in which roll dislocations move in a direction perpendicular to the roll axis. The climb motion, where the dislocations move along the roll axis, occur on the scale TH as their role is to adjust wavelength, although small adjustments of order ɛ2 will be made on the ɛ-2TH scale.
Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of gallium‐68‐labeled glycine and hippurate conjugates for positron emission tomography renography

The objective of this study was to evaluate four new 68Ga-labeled 1,4,7,10-cyclododeca-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)/1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid derived (NODAGA)-glycine/hippurate conjugates and select a lead candidate for potential application in positron emission tomography (PET) renography. The non-metallated conjugates were synthesized by a solid phase peptide synthesis method. The 68Ga labeling was achieved by reacting an excess of the non-metallated conjugate with 68GaCl4− at pH −4.5 and 10-min incubation either at room temperature for NODAGA or 90 °C for DOTA. Radiochemical purity of all 68Ga conjugates was found to be >98%. 68Ga-NODAGA-glycine displayed the lowest serum protein binding (0.4%) in vitro among the four 68Ga conjugates. Biodistribution of 68Ga conjugates in healthy Sprague Dawley rats at 1-h post-injection revealed an efficient clearance from circulation primarily through the renal–urinary pathway with <0.2% of injected dose per gram remaining in the blood. The kidney/blood and kidney/muscle ratios of 68Ga-NODAGA-glycine were significantly higher than other 68Ga conjugates. On the basis of these results, 68Ga-NODAGA-glycine was selected as the lead candidate. 68Ga-NODAGA-glycine PET renograms obtained in healthy rats suggest 68Ga-NODAGA-glycine as a PET alternate of 99mTc-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA).
Late Holocene climate change in the Big Belt Mountains, central Montana, USA:

Carroll College and the Helena National Forest are working in a 6-year research partnership designed to investigate the relationship between paleoclimate change and human adaptation in the Big Belt Mountains of central Montana, USA. This ongoing project is designed to gather archaeological and paleoenvironmental data from three diverse ecosystems within one drainage basin: high-altitude park areas (1800–2100 m), mid-altitude conifer forests (1200–1500 m), and low-altitude locales (under 1500 m) along the Missouri River. These data will represent paleoecological and archaeological changes through time and will detect synchrony and diversity across an elevation gradient. Thus far, excavation of two mid-altitude sites, dating to 2400 and 4500 BP, and one high-altitude site, dated to 2400 BP, revealed evidence of a significant drought period about 2000 years ago. To date, the excavated sites evidence a shift in pollen to drier species, a shift to higher sedimentation rates, and changes in snail and vertebrate...
Quantum Monte Carlo studies of bound and unbound states

Over the last fifteen years, there has been tremendous progress in understanding how nuclear structure arises from the nucleon-nucleon interaction. I describe the contribution to this progress made by quantum Monte Carlo computational methods, as well as directions to be taken in future work. Most effort in the past has concentrated on energy spectra, and we have had good success in computing the spectra of systems with A≤12. We are now shifting our attention to off-diagonal and scattering/reaction properties of the light nuclei. I also discuss briefly the relation of quantum Monte Carlo methods to other ab initio methods and their particular relevance for weakly-bound nuclei produced at radioactive-beam facilities.
Foraging and navigating in a virtual orchard: Which tree do you visit next?

Real-world foraging tasks are multilayered: you search for the best apple on the tree and for the best tree in the orchard. How do you decide where to go to maximize your search returns? We ran foraging experiments in a 3D virtual orchard, where participants were asked to pick as many “good” apples as possible within a time limit. In Experiment 1, “good” apples were red and “bad” apples were yellow; in Experiment 2, good and bad apples were drawn from overlapping color distributions. In both cases, we were interested in how foragers would decide which tree to visit next. We compared two naive foraging rules (always go to the nearest tree, or the one with the most red apples) to an optimal foraging model, which assumes that people maximize their rate of return by choosing the tree(s) with the best fruit to distance ratio. Furthermore, we asked whether observers only thought one step ahead, choosing the single tree that gave the best return? Or, alternatively, did they think ahead and look for multi-tree paths that gave the best overall return? We modeled these alternatives by computing the rate of return for every tree (or every path) and then investigated how well human performance matched the predictions of these models. Results from the two experiments were very similar: all versions of optimal foraging better predicted human behavior than the naive “nearest tree” rules. Moreover, the “best 2-step path” model (AUC = 0.94) modestly outperforms the 1-step (“best tree”) model (AUC = 0.92). The 3-step model’s performance was not significantly different from the 2-step model. These results show that people use an optimal foraging strategy in a 3D environment and they “think ahead”, choosing the best available path between multiple trees, rather than merely choosing the best single tree.
Redox Properties of Tryptophan Tryptophylquinone Enzymes CORRELATION WITH STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY

The pH dependence of the redox potentials for the oxidized/reduced couples of methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) and aromatic amine dehydrogenase (AADH) were determined. For each enzyme, a change of -30 mV/pH unit was observed, indicating that the two-electron transfer is linked to the transfer of a single proton. This result differs from what was obtained from redox studies of a tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) model compound for which the two-electron couple is linked to the transfer of two protons. This result also distinguishes the redox properties of the enzyme-bound TTQ from those of the membrane-bound quinone components of respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer chains that transfer two protons per two electrons. This difference is attributed to the accessibility of TTQ to solvent in the enzymes. One of the quinol hydroxyls is shielded from solvent and thus is not protonated. The unusual property of TTQ enzymes of stabilizing the anionic form of the reduced quinol is important for the reaction mechanism of MADH because it allows stabilization of physiologically important reaction intermediates. Examination of the extent to which disproportionation of the MADH and AADH semiquinones occurred as a function of pH revealed that the equilibrium concentration of semiquinone increased with pH. This indicates that the proton transfer is linked to the semiquinone/quinol couple. Therefore, the quinol is singly protonated, and the semiquinone is unprotonated and anionic. It was also shown that the oxidation-reduction midpoint potential for AADH is 20 mV less positive than that of MADH over the range of pH values that was studied and that the TTQ semiquinone of AADH was less stable than that of MADH. This may be explained by differences in the active site environments of the two enzymes, which modulate their respective redox properties.
A note on incomplete factor taxation

Abstract Optimal capital taxes may be positive in the steady state in Ramsey models with an incomplete set of factor taxes. I show this possibility crucially depends on how fiscal policy is constrained at date t = 0. If the government is barred from manipulating the value of initial assets, the Chamley–Judd result reappears: the optimal capital tax is always zero in the steady state.
Optical and Infrared Images and Spectroscopy of the HH 168 Bubble in Cepheus A

We present new optical emission-line and continuum images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope of the shocked bubble HH 168 (GGD 37) associated with the massive star formation region Cepheus A. The new images clearly resolve the interface between the molecular flow, defined by near-IR images of H2, and the shocked, optically emitting gas. The H2 emits in a clumpy sheath that surrounds the optical emission, in what appears to be a precursor or a C-type shock. This region also emits in [S II]. Hence, unlike most other Herbig-Haro (HH) regions, where [S II] radiates only behind Hα in a cooling zone, in HH 168 the [S II] emission leads Hα when H2 emission is present. The [S II] in the precursor C-shock separates spatially from the H2; hence, this region is not isothermal. H2 emission is absent and [O III] is bright near the apices of the high excitation bow shocks in the flow, as expected from theory. Radial velocities of H2 derived from high spectral resolution slit maps of the two highest excitation HH objects lie within ~30 km s-1 of the molecular cloud velocity, consistent with the precursor scenario. Some of the H2 emission in the region is redshifted and apparently unrelated to the HH 168 bubble. Additional discoveries include numerous bright pointlike Hα emission objects, some of which may be T Tauri stars, a bright jet unrelated to the bubble flow, a bumpy morphology to the bright bow shock S, and several locations where "fingers" of H2 terminate in optically visible HH emission, similar to what is seen in the Orion Nebula.
Bicycling safety and distracted behavior in The Hague, the Netherlands

As planners and public health officials in many cities around the world seek to increase bicycle ridership, bicyclists who are performing a secondary task (such as listening to a portable music device) may pose a risk to public safety. This study examines bicycling safety and potentially distracted behavior in The Hague, the Netherlands, a place where bicycling is a common, everyday travel mode among all walks of life and where bicycling infrastructure is well developed. Based on 1360 observations of bicycling behavior, this study shows that bicyclists who were using a cell phone, listening to a portable music device, or talking with other bicyclists exhibited more unsafe behaviors than those bicyclists who were not performing a secondary task. Furthermore, bicyclists who were performing a secondary task also more frequently created situations where other people had to evade them to avoid an accident. As with distracted car driving, the performance of a secondary task while bicycling may be unsafe for the person engaging in the behavior as well as for other people around them.
The first neurological research center: Turner's Lane Hospital during the American Civil War.

(1993). The first neurological research center: Turner's Lane Hospital during the American Civil War. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 135-142.
Perturbations in a Holographic Universe and in Other Stiff Fluid Cosmologies

We examine the generation and evolution of perturbations in a universe dominated by a fluid with stiff equation of state p={rho}. The recently proposed holographic universe is an example of such a model. We compute the spectrum of scalar and tensor perturbations, without relying on a microphysical description of the p={rho} fluid. The spectrum is scale invariant deep inside the Hubble horizon. In contrast, infrared perturbations that enter the Hubble horizon during the stiff fluid dominated (holographic) phase yield oscillatory and logarithmic terms in the power spectrum. We show that vector perturbations grow during the stiff fluid dominated epoch and may result in a turbulent and anisotropic universe at the end of the holographic phase. Therefore, the required period of inflation following the holographic phase cannot be much shorter than that required in standard inflationary models.
SYSTEMATICS, TYPIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF PINCKNEYA BRACTEATA (RUBIACEAE)

Complete taxonomic history, lectotypification, and putative generic relationship ofPinckneya are presented. The much debated authorship of Flora boreali-americana and the validity ofW. Bartram's binomials relative to this taxon are discussed. A single species,P. bracteata, is recognized. It occurs in the southeastern USA (South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida). Circumscription of the genus, complete synonymy, and a description of the species are presented. Distribution map, phenological diagram, notes on phenology, and medicinal and economical uses are included. A short discussion on the conservation biology of this diminishing species is included.
Optical and RF stability transfer in a monolithic coupled-cavity colliding pulse mode-locked quantum dot laser

We report a novel quantum dot based laser design where a stable high-Q master laser is used to injection lock a passively mode-locked monolithic colliding pulse slave laser. Coupling between the crossed orthogonal laser cavities is achieved through a common monolithically integrated saturable absorber, which results in the locking and hence reduction of the timing jitter as well as the long-term frequency drift of the slave laser. A stable 30 GHz optical pulse train is generated with more than 10 dB reduction in the RF noise level at 20 MHz offset and close to 3 times reduction in the 10 dB average optical linewidth of the slave laser.
Inventing Memories: Returnees’ Retrospective Narratives of Street Experience

In this paper I focus on the narratives of youths who attended an alternative school after engaging in the street culture. Based on retrospective narrative stories I examine the ways in which returnees’ returning decision stimulates reflections on their past experiences, both in mainstream schools as well as in the street, and the way in which the alternative school’s particular discourses reshape and rearrange their memories. While paying particular attention to how the youths continuously react to, negotiate and transform social ideologies in which their lives are embroiled, I examine identity construction, illuminating the polymorphous and ambivalent nature of the self.
You must be joking...: why Alice killed Bob

Humor is something that I take very seriously. Recently, I have been thinking a lot about it. It all started with a pet peeve of mine that got spurred on by a comment from a student. Then, I started writing and it came out completely different from what I expected. It could be mean or pointless. Or it could be both, you be the judge.
Origins of axons in the cat's acoustic striae determined by injection of horseradish peroxidase into severed tracts

Origins and terminations of fibers of the dorsal and intermediate acoustic striae were studied by surgically severing these tracts and injecting HRP into the incision. This procedure results in filling the severed axons with HRP. Filled axons were traced to cell groups of origin and to some terminations of the acoustic striae. HRP-labeled terminals were found in the cochlear nuclei as well as in periolivary cell groups. Filling of cells with HRP RANged from being complete, resulting in Golgi-like images, to being barely detectable. Labeled cells were abundant in the dorsal and posteroventral cochlear nucleus adjacent to the injection as well as scattered throughout the periolivary cell groups of both sides, being highest in concentration around the ipsilateral lateral superior olive. On the side contralateral to the injection, labeled cells were found along the medial border of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, in the interstitial nucleus of the stria of Held, and sparsely throughout the ventral cochlear nucleus. The distribution of labeled cells was similar following HRP injections of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, except that these injections revealed additional descending projections from the inferior colliculi and from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body of both sides. These additional projections were interpreted as entering the CN by a ventral route. Findings of this study are in accord with physiological recordings made from fibers of the acoustic striae.
A unified approach to motion of grain boundaries, relative tangential translation along grain boundaries, and grain rotation

Abstract We postulate that almost any motion of an interface between two crystals can produce a coupled tangential motion of the two crystals relative to each other which is proportional to the normal motion of the interface. Such translations can produce grain rotations; the special case of the rotations of shrinking included circular cylindrical grains which increase misorientation, as seen in the molecular dynamics simulations, is reinterpreted with this postulate. When this postulate is added to other principles of interface motion, several phenomena associated with grain boundary mechanics and motion are unified into a single theoretical formulation: normal motion of a grain boundary resulting from a shear stress applied tangential to it which results in tangential motion and its converse, tangential motion resulting from coupling to normal motion; rigid sliding of one grain with respect to the other along a “greased” boundary; grain rotation due to tangential motion along curved grain boundaries, produced by either by sliding or by coupling to the normal motion. When the motion is driven by the reduction in the total surface free energy ∫γ da, if the grain rotation is due to sliding alone, then γ itself (the surface free energy per unit area) is reduced; if it is due to coupled motion, then increases in γ can occur if there is a large enough decrease in area that ∫γ da is decreased. We explore the predictions for rotations of circular cylindrical grains moving to reduce total surface free energy. Among the surprising results is that certain combinations of coupling and surface free energy functions can result in increases rather than decreases in radii; these conditions, if achievable, can only occur far from small tilt misorientations. We also show that sliding alone must lead to misorientations with minimum γ – or no misorientation – before the crystal shrinks to zero radius. For coupling alone, limiting misorientations (which need not, and often do not, coincide with minima in γ) are never reached for non-zero radii. A more thorough exploration of sliding and coupling, including application to non-circular crystals and a variational model, is being published elsewhere.
Social Skill and Social Class

Skill is conceived as the use of efficient strategies for using capacities to meet the demands of tasks or situations. The modern concept of social skill arose in the early 1960s from application of the concepts of skill in studies of man-machine interactions, to those between persons. Since then, substantial research has been done developing the concept and applying it to industrial and clinical problems. The present paper outlines a possible application to social class, suggesting how, according to principles of social skill, this is likely, to arise from ways of life found efficient by those in different occupations.
Core body temperature variation in symptomatic and asymptomatic postmenopausal women: brief report.

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if core body temperature (Tc) fluctuations occur in asymptomatic as well as symptomatic postmenopausal women.DesignTc was recorded with an ingested radiotelemetry pill in symptomatic postmenopausal women who had a hot flash in the laboratory, in symptomatic women who di
A two-stage high power density single-phase ac-dc bi-directional PWM converter for renewable energy systems

It is well-known that single-phase ac-dc conversion requires a bulky dc-link capacitor for filtering the ripple power from the grid. Also, in order to interface a dc renewable energy system to a single-phase utility grid, bi-directional power flow control and dc-bus voltage regulation are major concerns. By using an H-bridge in series with a bi-directional SR dc-dc converter, this paper proposes a two-stage topology as a grid-interfaced single-phase PWM converter which reduces the dc-link capacitor value. A bi-directional control system and a design process are also presented for the dc renewable energy system application. This converter can be easily integrated as a compact power module with intrinsic short-circuit protection ability, small converter volume, and the simplification of the system-level design. A 10 kW prototype and experimental results are presented for the verification purpose.
A Parallel-Coupled Microstrip Bandpass Filter With Suppression of Both the 2nd and the 3rd Harmonic Responses

This paper presents a parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter with simultaneous suppression of both the 2nd and the 3rd harmonic passband responses. Half-wave open-ended resonators are used to provide transmission zeros for the 2nd and the 3rd harmonics so that the spurious passbands at the 2nd and the 3rd harmonic frequencies are reduced. In addition to placing the resonators, the filter is bent twice by 90 degrees to achieve more compact size and higher suppression of the 3rd harmonic passband. This method can be applied to the conventional parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filter without any significant change of the conventional filter design.
The Role of Approximate Prior Restrictions in Distributed Lag Estimation

Abstract In distributed lag models we often parameterize the lag distribution's form so that only small finite numbers of parameters are required even when it is likely that the model so written involves some specification error. The effects of such error depend on the autocorrelation properties of the independent variable; quasi-difference transforms of the data will have effects, possibly undesirable, on the nature of error due to approximation. Certain hypotheses, e.g., those concerning the sum of coefficients or the mean lag of the distribution, may be untestable in time series regressions in the presence of approximation error of this type.
Bombesin stimulates bicarbonate secretion from rat cholangiocytes: Implications for neural regulation of bile secretion

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bombesin is a neuropeptide with many biological functions and is known to stimulate bile secretion. The aim of this study was to determine the role of bombesin in bile secretion and its site of action. METHODS: The effects of bombesin on bile secretion were examined using isolated perfused rat livers, hepatocyte couplets, and isolated bile duct units (IBDU) from rat liver. RESULTS: Bombesin (100 nmol/L) increased bile pH, bicarbonate concentration, and output in isolated perfused rat livers from both normal and 2-week bile duct- ligated rats, although bile flow increased only in the latter model. Bombesin (10-100 nmol/L) also had no effect on canalicular bile secretion in isolated hepatocyte couplets. However, bombesin produced a dose-dependent increase in secretion in IBDU, which was inhibited almost completely by a specific bombesin receptor inhibitor, [Tyr4, D- Phe12]-bombesin (1 micromol/L). This bombesin (10 nmol/L)-stimulated secretion in IBDU was accompanied by an increase in luminal pH and was dependent on bicarbonate and chloride in the medium. Somatostatin but not substance P inhibited the bombesin response. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropeptides such as bombesin can directly stimulate fluid and bicarbonate secretion at the level of cholangiocytes, suggesting that neuropeptides play an important regulatory role in biliary transport and secretion. (Gastroenterology 1997 Jul;113(1):311-21)
On multivariate extens of sukhatme-perng-littell test

A test of equality ot two normal population means and variances suggested by Sukhauue, Perng and Littell is extended to the corresponding multivariatc several normal population problem. As in the univariate case, the suggested test is shown to be asymptotically optimal in the sense of exact slopes.