cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid DC- and AC-Linked Microgrids: Towards Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

This paper presents a microgrid paradigm with both DC and AC links, which may provide an effective way to integrate a heterogeneous set of small-size distributed energy resources into the existing electric power infrastructure. The collection of aggregated energy resource units at each level represents those distributed resources to the upper level as a single self-regulated entity (as a DC or AC, generator or load). At the top level, the collection of all distributed energy resources in the microgrid appears to the utility grid as indistinguishable from many other currently legitimate customer sites. Maintaining this profile relies on the flexibility of advanced power electronics that control the interfaces among distributed energy units, DC links, AC links, and the surrounding power system. This paper also discusses some major issues pertinent to behavioral functions and technical requirements of the power electronics interfaces and controls. A decoupled control framework is developed for the hybrid microgrid and the performances are evaluated.
Edna, Cyrille Arnavon’s Translation of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening: Publication Dates and History

When Cyrille Arnavon translated Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel The Awakening, he set in motion one of the most significant changes of a writer’s critical and popular reputation in American literary histo...
A study on production breaks in gynecological examination table cover paper rolls processed on a Schultz Rewinder

Abstract This work is a case study dealing with the production of examination table covering used in gynecological offices which has been a problem for its manufacturer, Little Rapids Corporation. During production, the rolls of paper break or tear causing production to cease while the machine is reloaded, costing about $10,000 of lost production in a year. This study was done to investigate the independent variables that contribute to those breaks and to determine if breaks have a significant impact on production rate (speed). Tensile strength and stretch of the paper were chosen as the independent variables in a binary regression analysis. In addition, breaks were compared to machine speed settings to see if there was a correlation. The results showed that the independent variables did have an impact on the probability of breaks occurring and a corresponding relationship was derived using regression analysis. The study recommended that the tensile strength or stretch of the specified paper be increased by 25% to lower the probability of breaks to an acceptable level and allow operators to maintain the desired speed setting. Any greater increase in tensile strength and stretch would incur capital expense that would be prohibitive.
Colormetric Experiments on Aquatic Organisms

The analysis of fish skin color in time lapse experiments is a wide field, since the color changes could be affected by different causes. The classical approach uses single point measurement in CIEL*a*b* color space. On the other hand the image acquisition by digital cameras allows to evaluate spatial statistic, in RGB color space. The reliability of the camera color accuracy as well as the software and method description for the automatic color evaluation, is of the concern of this article. Various fish species were subjected of the test. We performed transformations to other color space and using multivariate data statistics, namely principal component analysis, the relevant color space is seleted. The presented software solutions are available at http://www.auc.cz/software/.
Lysogeny in nature: mechanisms, impact and ecology of temperate phages

Viruses that infect bacteria (phages) can influence bacterial community dynamics, bacterial genome evolution and ecosystem biogeochemistry. These influences differ depending on whether phages establish lytic, chronic or lysogenic infections. Although the first two produce virion progeny, with lytic infections resulting in cell destruction, phages undergoing lysogenic infections replicate with cells without producing virions. The impacts of lysogeny are numerous and well-studied at the cellular level, but ecosystem-level consequences remain underexplored compared to those of lytic infections. Here, we review lysogeny from molecular mechanisms to ecological patterns to emerging approaches of investigation. Our goal is to highlight both its diversity and importance in complex communities. Altogether, using a combined viral ecology toolkit that is applied across broad model systems and environments will help us understand more of the diverse lifestyles and ecological impacts of lysogens in nature.
How Accurately Do Both Parents and Health Professionals Assess Overweight in Children

BACKGROUND An accurate perception of weight status is important to prevent childhood obesity. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether parents and health professionals accurately identify children's weight status. METHODS On the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: National Youth Fitness Survey, parents and health professionals rated the same child's weight status as overweight or healthy. The sensitivity and specificity of their answers were computed by comparing parents' and health professionals' ratings to the age growth chart from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS Participants were 1571 children. Parents' sensitivity and specificity were 0.386 and 0.992, respectively. Health professionals' sensitivity and specificity were 0.343 and 0.981, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Parents and health professionals demonstrate low sensitivity in identifying children's weight status. Health professionals should use the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention categories to more accurately identify children who are overweight.
Endosonographer-driven dynamic telecytopathology of pancreatic lesions-a pilot study.

Introduction Telecytopathology for endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been shown to be an alternative to rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). Gastroenterologists (endosonographers) performing EUS-FNA can be trained to evaluate a specimen for adequacy. This study examined the ability of an endosonographer with focused cytopathologic training to assess the adequacy of pancreatic FNA specimens and transmit diagnostic images to a remotely located cytopathologist as compared to an experienced cytotechnologist. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study of consecutive pancreatic lesions sampled by EUS-FNA reviewed by an endosonographer and a cytotechnologist. The participants were assessed based on their ability to (1) determine adequacy, (2) locate and transmit representative cell groups, (3) provide a preliminary diagnosis, and (4) provide concordance with actual diagnosis. Results 105 consecutive cases of EUS-FNA of the pancreas were analyzed, including: adenocarcinoma (n = 39), cyst (n = 17), neuroendocrine neoplasia (n = 7), pancreatitis (n = 14), benign pancreas (n = 9), other neoplasms (n = 6), suspicious/atypical (n = 3), and nondiagnostic (n = 10). The cytotechnologist demonstrated superiority in accuracy 92.7% versus 70% (P = 0.003) and subcategorization 95.0% versus 76% (P = 0.007). There was no difference in “broad” categorization (benign/malignant) between the endosonographer and cytotechnologist, 98% and 98.2% (P = 0.946), respectively. Also, there was no difference with regard to adequacy assessment (P = 0.29). A steady learning curve for the endosonographer was demonstrated in their cytologic assessment (P = 0.041). The endosonographer was shown to be able to remotely transmit diagnostic images to a pathologist. Conclusion An endosonographer with limited training can examine for specimen adequacy, transmit images, and demonstrate representative cell groups. Larger studies are required though preliminary results are encouraging.
Possible species specific courtship sounds by two sympatric cichlid fishes in Lake Malawi, Africa

Sounds were produced by the males of two species of cichlid fishes while courting females. Each courtship sound consisted of a series of distinct pulses occurring in rapid succession. Courtship sounds produced by Tramitichromis cf. intermedius and Copadichromis conophorus were significantly different in pulse rate and individual pulse durations. For C. conophorus calls (n=127) the mean ± sd number of pulses per call was 10 ± 3 and call duration was 181 ± 59 ms. There was a significant positive linear relationship between call duration and the number of pulses (r2=0.912, p < 0.001). The dominant frequency of the pulses in calls was 471 ± 50 (range 372–594) Hz (n=40 calls). T. cf. intermedius also produced a pulsed courtship call; data (mean ± sd) from two male T. cf. intermedius: 9 ± 2 pulses per call and duration 199 ± 44 ms (n=20 calls). The linear regression between call duration and number of pulses was positive (r2=0.463, p=0.001). Pulse rate within calls of T. cf. intermedius compared to C. conophorus were significantly different (p=0.018). Individual pulse durations were also significantly different (p=0.043) between species. However, interpulse intervals were not significantly different (p=0.177). These cichlids produced courtship sounds that were distinct by individual pulse durations and by pulse repition rate in a call.
Locating the people

In A Political Theory of Territory, Margaret Moore’s basic thesis is that peoples gain rights to territories by occupying them. The current article challenges the underpinning social ontology of th...
Methods of Synthesis of Nanodispersed Iron Fluoride as the Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery

The paper deals with the analysis and classification of the modern methods of synthesis nanostructure iron fluoride and their composites with improved performance, and also the results of testing iron fluoride in lithium-ion battery. Literature data are generalized to select the most universal methods of synthesis anhydrous iron fluoride for revealing the relationship between the conditions of synthesis and structural, magnetic and morphological properties of nanosystems, and thus opens possibilities for functional materials with predetermined, adapted for use in a particular area properties.
HIGHER BRAIN FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION

This chapter discusses the cerebral cortex, functional columns in the cerebral cortex, and computing in the cerebellum. The cortex, which reaches its highest development in man, sits atop the basal gangha, the thalamus, and hypothalamus. Below these lies the midbrain, continuing into the pons, the medulla, and the spinal cord; and at the level of the midbrain, like an appendage at the back of the cortex, is the cerebellum. The spinal cord has a segmental organization, the segments of the cord corresponding to body segments, which they innervate. The spinal cord is the great highway along which travel the efferent signals from the central structures controlling movement and posture and the afferent signals conveying sensory information. The chapter discusses the evidence for both input and output in the columns motorsensory cortex.
The Cauchy Integral Formula, Quadrature Domains, and Riemann Mapping Theorems

It is well known that a domain in the plane is a quadrature domain with respect to area measure if and only if the function z extends meromorphically to the double, and it is a quadrature domain with respect to boundary arc length measure if and only if the complex unit tangent vector function T(z) extends meromorphically to the double. By applying the Cauchy integral formula to $$\bar{z}$$ , we will shed light on the density of area quadrature domains among smooth domains with real analytic boundary. By extending $$\bar{z}$$ and T(z) and applying the Cauchy integral formula to the Szegő kernel, we will obtain conformal mappings to nearby arc length quadrature domains and even domains that are like the unit disc in that they are simultaneously area and arc length quadrature domains. These “double quadrature domains” can be thought of as analogs of the unit disc in the multiply connected setting and the mappings so obtained as generalized Riemann mappings. The main theorems of this paper are not new, but the methods used in their proofs are new and more constructive than previous methods. The new computational methods give rise to numerical methods for computing generalized Riemann maps to nearby quadrature domains.
Some problems in the stereochemistry of coordination compounds: Introductory lecture

Abstract Every coordination number from two to eight is exhibited by inorganic compounds, and for each coordination number except six, compounds of at least two configurations are known. This paper is limited to chemical studies on compounds illustrating the coordination number four and six. The only tetrahedral coordination compounds that are known to be stereochemically stable are the spirans. The kinetics of racemization of these has not been investigated. Many types of compounds which are of stereochemical interest remain to be studied-among them, diol complexes and compounds of tetradentate ligands. The chief interest in the stereochemistry of the planar tetracoordinated complexes lies in the study of the trans effect and in compounds containing unsymmetrical or optically active bidentate ligands or polydentate ligands. Reactions in octahedral complexes (e. g., replacements, rearrangements, and racemizations) take place by a wide variety of mechanisms, depending upon the nature of the metal and the ligands. Reactions of complexes containing optically active ligands tend to be stereospecific; thus, D and L isomers of [Co(levo-propylenediamine) 2 CO 3 ]+ are not of equal stability, nor are those of [Co(levo-stilbenediamine) 3 ]+++.
Oxidation and Coagulation of Wastewater Effluent Utilizing Ferrate (VI) ion

Abstract For the past several years our laboratory has been developing the technology for the use of ferrate (VI), [FeO 4 2- ], in water and wastewater treatment schemes. Two properties of ferrate (VI), which are displayed by its oxidation and coagulation reactions, indicate that ferrate (VI) could be an effective multi-purpose treatment chemical. Studies evaluating the reaction of ferrate (VI) with various organic compounds have been reviewed. In addition to being a selective oxidant of organic compounds, ferrate (VI) has been demonstrated to reduce THM potential and oxidize a model USEPA priority pollutant. Data has been collected under a number of different scenarios to illustrate the effectiveness of ferrate (VI) as a coagulant of turbid water systems, including secondary effluent. Current research is aimed at defining solid phase formation with ferrate ion decay in order to elucidate the mechanism of coagulation in colloidal systems. Comparative studies have been conducted which evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of ferrous, ferric, and ferrate salts in destabilization of a model colloid.
Die Entstehung neuer Erbeigenschaften

In unseren bisherigen Erorterungen spielten sehr oft Tiere oder Pflanzen eine Rolle, die sich von anderen durch den Besitz eines oder mehrerer Erbfaktoren unterschieden. (Fur Erbfaktor gebraucht man in wissenschaftlicher Sprache heute meist das Wort Gen, das wir bisher selten benutzt haben, um die Zahl der fremden Kunstausdrucke zu beschranken.) Wir sprachen dann von verschiedenen reinen Rassen. Bei den vielen Kreuzungen von Taufliegen etwa, die wir erwahnten, stellten wir es so dar, das gegebene Rassen miteinander gekreuzt wurden, und da wir von der Untersuchung von etwa 1000 mendelnden Erbfaktoren horten, so musten wir also von beinahe 1000 verschiedenen Rassen wenigstens sprechen. Wo kommen diese nun her, sind sie etwa in der Natur gesammelt und dann gezuchtet? Nun, die bisherige Ausdrucksweise war nur ein Notbehelf, den wir benutzen musten, um die Tatsachen ohne vorhergehende Kenntnis der Erscheinungen darstellen zu konnen, mit denen wir uns nunmehr beschaftigen wollen.
ADHERENT CELL POPULATIONS AND THE RESPONSES TO PHA, ConA, AND PPD

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an analysis of adherent cell populations and the responses to PHA, ConA, and PPD. In a study described in the chapter, human mononuclear cells from the three sources were isolated on a Ficoll–Isopaque gradient. These unseparated cell preparations were designated total cells (TC). Part of each TC preparation was then incubated in cotton for 45 min at 37°C to produce a first population of nonadherent cells (NAC1) obtained by squeezing the cotton wads. By repeating the same procedure, a second and third nonadherent population (NAC2/NAC3) resulted. Phagocytic cells and E-, EA-, and EAC-rosette-forming cells (RFC) were quantitated for each population by standard methods. The DNA synthesis assay was performed on each population, using PHA, ConA, and PPD as stimulants. The LIF assay was also performed for each population after similar stimulation. TC preparations from spleen and peripheral blood were very heterogeneous, containing respective averages of 5 and 16% phagocytic cells, 8 and 21% EA-RFC, 6 and 19% EAC-RFC, and 60 and 85% E-RFC. No phagocytic cells or EA- or EAC-RFC were found in thymus TC. The results demonstrate that responses to ConA and specific antigens assessed by lymphocyte DNA synthesis are highly dependent on adherent cells.
Intravital imaging and cell invasion.

Abstract The main cause of cancer treatment failure is the invasion of normal tissues by cancer cells that have migrated from a primary tumor. An important obstacle to understanding cancer invasion has been the inability to acquire detailed, direct observations of the process over time in a living system. Intravital imaging, and the rodent dorsal skinfold window chamber in particular, were developed several decades ago to address this need. However, it is just recently, with the advent of sophisticated new imaging systems such as confocal and multiphoton microscopy together with the development of a wide range of fluorescent cellular and intracellular markers, that intravital methods and the window chamber have acquired powerful new potential for the study of cancer cell invasion. Moreover, the interaction of various cell signaling pathways with the integrin class of cell surface receptors has increasingly been shown to play a key role in cancer invasion. The window chamber in combination with integrin‐knockout rodent models, integrin‐deficient tumor cell lines, and integrin antagonists, allows real‐time observation of integrin‐mediated cancer invasion and angiogenesis. The present review outlines the history, uses, and recent methods of the rodent dorsal skinfold window chamber. The introduction of labeled tumor cells into the chamber is described, and imaging of tumors and angiogenic vessels within chambers using standard brightfield, confocal, and multiphoton microscopy is discussed in detail, along with the presentation of sample images.
Improvements to visual working memory performance with practice and feedback

Visual working memory capacity is estimated to be around 3-4 items, but on some trials participants fail to correctly report even a single item from the memory array. Such failures of working memory performance are surprisingly common, and participants have poor self-awareness of them. Previous work has shown that behavioral feedback can reduce the frequency of working memory failures, but the benefits of feedback disappeared immediately after it was taken away. Here, we tested whether extended practice with or without trial-by-trial feedback would lead to persistent improvements in working memory performance. Participants were assigned to one of four groups: (1) Working memory practice with feedback (2) Working memory practice without feedback (3) Crossword puzzle active control (4) No-contact control. Consistent with previous work, simple practice with a visual working memory task robustly improved working memory performance across practice sessions. However, we found only partial support for the efficacy of feedback in improving working memory performance. Practicing with feedback improved working memory performance relative to a no-feedback group for some practice sessions. However, the feedback benefits did not persist across all training sessions and did not transfer to a final test session without the feedback. Thus, the benefits of performance feedback did not persist over time. Further, we found only stimulus-specific transfer of visual working memory practice benefits. We also found that participants' metaknowledge improved with practice, but that receiving feedback about task accuracy actually slightly harmed the accuracy of concurrent metaknowledge ratings. Finally, we discuss important design considerations for future work in this area (e.g. power, expectations, and "spacing effects"). For example, we found that achieved statistical power to detect a between-groups effect declined with practice. This finding has potentially critical implications for any study using a 1-session study to calculate power for a planned multi-session study.
The Rise of Chinese Multinationals: The Changing Landscape of Global Competition

The past fifteen years have seen a major breakthrough for Chinese Multinationals. Today, a fifth of the Fortune Global 500 companies are from China. Their rise is reminiscent of the emergence of U.S. companies post-World War II. Today, Chinese companies account for more than half of the top five firms across the Banking, Automobile, Crude Oil Production, Engineering and Construction, Logistics, Metals, Mining, Petroleum Refining and Telecom sectors. Yet, their behavior differs from that of traditional multinationals. While for American companies the priority has been the optimization of shareholder-value, Chinese companies have prioritized growth over profits. This expansion has moved beyond natural markets to advanced economies, particularly in service-based, consumer-related or other “new” industries such as renewable energies. Likewise, the increased involvement in global Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) is one illustration of this ascent. The competitive advantages are diverse. First, Chinese MNCs have lower production costs compared to their counterparts in advanced economies. Second, they follow a strategy in which revenues are maximized at the expense of gross margins. Third, since a majority of customers in China still yield low purchasing power, Chinese companies are prone to design products/services in more cost-effective ways.
EF-07 Curli amyloids/DNA complexes from bacterial biofilms break tolerance in murine lupus by triggering BCR/TLR signaling in B cells

Background The pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial with genetic make-up and environmental triggers considered major players. Among the environmental triggers, infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. Bacteremia is often overlooked in SLE patients and soft tissue abscesses, bloodstream infections, and sepsis are more common in SLE patients, suggesting that frequent exposures to microbial products may trigger flares in lupus. We have recently shown that a bacterial amyloid termed curli, expressed in the multicellular communities (biofilms) by many bacteria including E. coli, plays a major role in triggering lupus autoimmunity during infection. Curli bind bacterial or eukaryotic DNA and form curli/DNA complexes that strongly activate innate immunity. When given systemically, curli/DNA complexes and infections with curli-expressing E. coli trigger production of anti-dsDNA and anti-chromatin autoAbs in lupus prone mice and in wild type mice. This affect was diminished in TLR2 or TLR9 deficient mice. Curli/DNA complexes activate dendritic cells and macrophages. We have now focused on the effects of curli/DNA complexes on B cells. Methods Young wild type C57BL/6 mice, lupus prone Sle1,2,3 mice and 3 H9 mice were used. Splenic B cells were stained by flow cytometry for in vivo experiments. For in vitro experiments, B cells were sorted by positive selection with CD45R (B220) Miltenyi Biotec micro bead or Easysep B cell isolation kit (Stem cell) supplemented with anti-CD43-Biotin. B cell purity (>98%), proliferation, viability, activation markers, surface antibodies and signaling were measured by CFSE dilution (Promokine), 7AAD and antibodies by Flow cytometry, Western Blot analysis and qRT-PCR. Results We found that curli/DNA complexes polyclonally activate B cells in vivo in wildtype mice, lupus-prone mice and 3 H9 mice, the latter expressing an anti-DNA Ig heavy chain and whose B cells are normally tolerized. Curli/DNA complexes can also activate B cells in vitro in the absence of T cell help. The induction of non-canonical NFκB in the absence of T cell help suggests that the fibrillar structure of curli/DNA complexes can cross-link BCRs, some recognizing DNA. Interestingly, curli/DNA complexes also induce isotype switching and aicda, the master regulator of class switch recombination, in the absence of T cells help in vitro. Conclusions Our results suggest that curli/DNA complexes may induce anti-DNA antibody production by simultaneous BCR/TLR signaling, which leads to B cell antibody production in the absence of T cell help. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Lupus Research Alliance and the NIH NIAID (R21AI119947) for supporting our work.
A Rare Case of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Encephalitis in an Immunocompetent Adult (P5.340)

Objective: NA Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a rare cause of encephalitis in adults, accounting for perhaps 2% of all herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) cases. HSV-2 encephalitis typically occurs in elderly, immunosuppressed patients and is associated with high rates of death and long-term neurologic sequelae. Design/Methods: NA Results: A previously healthy 71 year old male presented with three days of left-sided headache, word-finding difficulties, and short-term memory loss. He had a syncopal event at time of presentation and was admitted to the hospital. Initial workup including labs and head CT were notable for a serum sodium of 126 and negative HIV testing. Brain MRI with contrast was interpreted as normal. Twelve hours into hospitalization he fevered, leading to a lumbar puncture and initiation of empiric acyclovir therapy. Cerebrospinal fluid studies showed 42 WBC’s, 1 RBC, normal protein at 42, and elevated glucose at 74. Meningoencephalitis PCR panel was positive for HSV-2. When the neurology consultants reviewed his brain MRI, they noted previously unrecognized subtle T2 hyperintensities in the left insular and orbitofrontal regions. Repeat brain MRI five days later showed worsening T2 signal in these areas, along with extension to the anterior left temporal lobe and medial right temporal lobe. The patient was treated with intravenous acyclovir for 21 days but had persistent language and cognitive difficulties at three month follow-up. Conclusions: Despite classic teaching, HSV-2 encephalitis does occur in immunocompetent adults. While similar to HSV-1 encephalitis in many respects, it may present without fever and with normal imaging or only very subtle imaging abnormalities. Patients thought to have viral encephalitis, but with normal imaging or negative CSF HSV-1 PCR, should also have CSF HSV-2 PCR performed. Because untreated HSE carries with it a 70% mortality rate, neurologists should maintain a high level of clinical suspicion in such cases. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Cook has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koehn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Simmons has nothing to disclose. Dr. Frattalone has nothing to disclose.
The Impact of School-Based Mentoring on the Academic Achievement Gap:

This study examined data from the Institute of Education Sciences’ evaluation of school-based mentoring (SBM) programs to establish a causal relationship between SBM and reduction of the academic a...
Against the Alienage Condition for Refugeehood

Under the 1951 Refugee Convention, there are two necessary conditions for refugeehood: (1) a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion and (2) alienage – that is, being outside of one’s country of nationality or habitual residence. In 1985 Andrew Shacknove famously argued that both of these conditions should be rejected. Shacknove’s paper prompted much debate about the suitability of the persecution condition, but his rejection of the alienage requirement has received significantly less attention. In this paper I argue, against some recent defenders of the Convention, that Shacknove was right to claim that the alienage condition should be rejected. On my view, people who would be granted refugee status if they crossed a border, but who remain in their country of nationality, should also be eligible for refugee status.
The liberal populism of Shmuel Nili’s The People’s Duty

Shmuel Nili’s The People’s Duty presents an account of political morality centered on the duties, rights, and powers of the collective people. He defends an extensive set of popular entitlements ag...
Insight into the Time Course of Type III Kounis Syndrome: A Case Report

Abstract Background Kounis syndrome is a rare condition that is characterized by the coexistence of acute coronary syndrome and allergic reactions; however, its time course remains unclear. We report a case of anaphylactic shock with subsequent development of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Case Report A 47-year-old man with food allergies presented to the emergency department of our hospital with breathing difficulties after eating bread. He had a history of angina and underwent stent implantation 3 years earlier. On examination, he was lethargic, disoriented, and in shock. He had a rash on his face and anterior chest wall, as well as severe itching and sweating. Anaphylaxis was diagnosed and, 3 min after presentation, 0.5 mg epinephrine was injected intramuscularly into the right thigh. Electrocardiography, which was recorded 2 min after the administration of epinephrine, was normal; however, chest pain developed suddenly 18 min later. Repeat electrocardiography showed ST-segment elevations, and emergency coronary angiography revealed total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (i.e., the previous stenting site). Recanalization of the left anterior descending coronary artery was achieved after repeated thrombus aspiration with difficulty, followed by stent implantation inside of the stent under the support of intra-aortic balloon pumping. The clinical course was uneventful. He was discharged and advised to avoid eating wheat and carry an epinephrine self-injection kit for anaphylaxis. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? The present case highlights the importance of recognizing Kounis syndrome in the management of anaphylactic shock because treatment may be difficult, particularly in patients with type III Kounis syndrome.
Households’ Net Financial Wealth as a Determinant of Tourism Demand Cycles: Evidence from US Travel to Selected Caribbean Destinations:

Developments in households’ net financial wealth may be a better determinant of tourism demand flows than income. This study investigates the effect of cycles of US households’ net financial positi...
Meniscal and Articular Cartilage Predictors of Outcome following Revision ACL Reconstruction: A 6-Year Follow-up Study

Objectives:Previous work has shown that having a lateral meniscectomy prior to revision ACL surgery, as well as grade 3-4 chondral damage to the trochlea at the time of revision ACL surgery results...
The Impact of Simulation and Senior Practicum on Graduating Senior Nursing Student's Readiness for Practice

Abstract Graduating senior nursing students (GSNS) are expected to be ready for practice (RFP) upon graduation as they enter the workforce. Skills such as assessment, communication, and clinical reasoning are important because of high patient acuity and longer hospital stays. Therefore, nurse educators must provide teaching-learning strategies that enhance RFP for GSNS. Two authentic experiences which provide opportunities to improve clinical reasoning and promote RFP include senior practicum and complex multipatient simulation.
Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Encephalitis

The diagnostic approach to autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitis has changed dramatically in the last decades with the introduction of neural autoantibody serology in clinical practice and the recognition of novel autoantibody biomarkers. Their incidence is comparable to viral encephalitides. The cellular location of the respective antigen specificity gives us insight into the pathophysiology of these diseases (B-cell- versus T-cell-mediated diseases). Clinical manifestations vary, and they may respond favorably to immunotherapy. These encephalitides can be seen in a paraneoplastic and also postinfectious context. Early recognition is crucial to improve outcomes.
Self-employment duration during the COVID-19 pandemic: A competing risk analysis

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused hardship to both individuals and businesses. Aggregate data indicate large increases in unemployment and bankruptcy since the beginning of the pandemic, but it is unclear which individuals and businesses are the most vulnerable. With “work absence”, “wage employment” and “unemployment” as three competing risks or events, we study the relationships of owner characteristics to self-employment duration during the COVID-19 pandemic (January-December 2020) in the United States with data from 19,174 respondents to the Current Population Survey. We find that several owner characteristics relate significantly to self-employment duration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, young, female, and non-White self-employed individuals face a relatively high risk of unemployment. These and other findings have profound implications for policymakers.
Multiple vote electoral systems: a remedy for political polarization

We examine the mechanical effect of a multiple vote, proportional representation electoral system on party vote share in n dimensions. In one dimension, Cox (1990) has proven that such a system is ...
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXIX: Principles of the Toyota Production System.

ABSTRACT A major priority of the Toyota Production System is to satisfy the customers by providing high value. The use of continuous flow, pull systems, the Andon system, standard work, visual controls, the 5S system, and reliable technology are critically important. Optimizing one's workforce is also very important by developing leaders and teams, using consensus in decision making, and becoming a learning organization. To fully understand the problems, it is also important that leaders go to the workplace to talk to workers and see what is going on.
Methodology for developing a nutrient and food pattern equivalents database for selected branded foods in the USDA National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey-1

Abstract The objective was to develop Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) nutrients and food pattern equivalents (FPEs) for about 3500 branded foods that were among the foods collected in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey-1 that could not be directly linked to foods in the USDA nutrient and food pattern equivalents databases. Computation of the HEI requires energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, sodium, and USDA Food Pattern Equivalents for each of the foods. This study used food label data, Information Resources Incorporated scanner data, USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Legacy Release (SR-Legacy), USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 2013–2014, and USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Databases (FPED/FPID) 2013–2014. Food labels do not contain FPEs. At the time of the study, added sugars was not included in food labels. However, added sugars is one of the 37 components of FPED/FPID. This study illustrates the stepwise process for estimating nutrient and food pattern profiles, with examples such as frozen mixed vegetables, cake mix, snack bar, and hamburger helper by using publicly available USDA food databases mentioned above.
Interactive effects of land-use intensity, grazing and fire on decomposition of subtropical seasonal wetlands

Abstract Understanding how global change drivers and their interactions affect decomposition in wetlands embedded in agricultural landscapes remains challenging, especially in tropical and subtropical biomes, which are disproportionately important for global carbon cycling yet with high uncertainties. In a long-term whole-ecosystem experiment, we used a widely-adopted indicator of decomposition, the Teabag Index (TBI), to investigate individual and interactive effects of surrounding land-use intensity, cattle grazing, and prescribed fire on seasonal wetland decomposition (i.e., decay rate k, and stabilization factor S) in an exemplar subtropical landscape in central-south Florida, USA. We ask: (1) How do land-use intensity and management practices affect the decomposition in seasonal wetlands? (2) How does wetland decomposition vary with hydrological gradient and seasonal climatic condition? (3) What are the dominant direct and indirect pathways through which land-use intensity and management practices affect wetland decomposition? Our results showed that, overall, surrounding land-use intensity exerted much stronger effects on litter decomposition compared to grazing and prescribed fire, and cattle grazing reduced decomposition rate k. There was a complex three-way interaction among land-use intensity, grazing and fire on the stabilization factor S – a proxy related to carbon sequestration potential. Grazing-fire interactive effects on S only existed in wetlands embedded in intensively-managed landscapes, where grazing reduced S in burned wetlands but did not affect S in unburned wetlands. Decay rate k showed profound temporal variation primarily driven by seasonal climatic conditions (especially precipitation), whereas S varied spatially along the hydrological gradient. Our structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses further revealed that effects on k were also indirectly manifested through changes on soil C/N, C/P, and pH, while effects on S were manifested through alterations in soil C/P ratio, pH, soil nutrients and water content. Our TBI results suggest that anthropogenic environmental changes, including land-use intensification, livestock introduction and fire suppression, could compromise carbon sequestration potential in tropical and subtropical seasonal wetlands. Our research highlights the importance of considering landscape context in wetland management and demonstrates the use of TBI as an indicator to quantify and inform combinations of land management and agricultural practices could conserve wetlands and sustain their vital functions and services, especially from the lens of promoting carbon storage and nutrient retention services.
Accurate Morphological Classifications of the Semispinalis Capitis Neck Muscle

The semispinalis capitis muscle, found in the posterior neck of humans, is also known as the biventer cervicis. The majority of anatomy textbooks and atlases depict this muscle as containing two bellies of muscle with a horizontally linear intervening white tendonous band that neatly separates the muscle into upper and lower parts. In our dissection of seventy-two semipsinalis capitis muscles, we found that it in no cases did it ever appear as commonly depicted in most anatomy books with a horizontal intervening tendon. Instead we found its tendon consists of multiple different parts that are commonly disconnected and lie either superior or inferior to each other in three different categories. The three main classifications include two uniform vertical bands, one vertical with one curved band, and an other group. We found that 54.2 percent falls in the two uniform vertical band classification, 26.4 percent falls in the one vertical one curved band classification, and 19.4 percent falls in the other classi...
E-type anaphora as NP-deletion

This paper argues that donkey pronouns should be construed as definite articles, followed by an NP sister which has undergone deletion in the phonology. So Every man who owns a donkey beats it is claimed to share a Logical Form with Every man who owns a donkey beats the donkey, which means the same. There is independent evidence for assimilating pronouns to determiners, and for NP-deletion; so this theory explains E-type anaphora without postulating any special entity (`E-type pronoun') for the purpose. Since NP-deletion, like other ellipsis, requires an antecedent, this theory also explains the requirement for a "formal link" between donkey pronoun and antecedent, which standard E-type theories find difficult to account for. Other empirical advantages of this theory include its ability to explain the pattern of strict and sloppy identity displayed by donkey sentences with phonologically reduced continuations. It is shown that Bach-Peters sentences, quantificational subordination, and paycheck sentences can also be dealt with on the present approach.
Integral augmented variable structure control: design and testing

Discusses the concept and design tool for integral variable structure control with a focus on the application to a position control system. Integral variable structure control has been proposed to alleviate steady state error caused by the boundary layer method. An integral switching surface is constructed by adding extra integral dynamics to the conventional switching surface. A convenient and practical design tool for a second order system has been developed here. Experiments were conducted for both classic and integral variable structure controls. The implementation of controllers are presented along with experimental test results. >
Purification and Properties of Follicle-stimulating Hormone from Sheep Pituitary Glands

A highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation has been obtained from sheep pituitary glands by extraction with ethanol followed by fractionation with metaphosphoric acid and ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl Sephadex, hydroxylapatite chromatography, preparative acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The purified FSH contained 133 units of the National Institutes of Health ovine follicle-stimulating hormone standard (NIH-FSH-S1) per mg of dry weight as judged by augmentation bioassays. This preparation also contained 0.04 unit of the National Institutes of Health ovine luteinizing hormone standard (NIH-LH-S1) per mg of dry weight as determined by ovarian ascorbate depletion bioassays and more than 1 unit of NIH-LH-S1 per mg as determined by the hypophysectomized male rat ventral prostate bioassay. Radioimmunoassay indicated that the purified FSH contained only 3% as much immunoreactive luteinizing hormone as found in the National Institutes of Health ovine FSH standard (NIH-FSH-S4). Administration of low doses of the purified FSH to hypophysectomized female and male rats not only resulted in increased weights of the ovaries and testes but also of the uteri, ventral prostates, and seminal vesicles. Analytical acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of the purified FSH at pH 8.9 displayed a single broad zone; however, immunodiffusion in agar showed a diffuse precipitin line plus two fine precipitin lines. The molecular weight of sheep FSH was approximately 33,000 as determined by ultracentrifugation. Electrofocusing in carrier ampholytes indicated an isoelectric point of pH 4.6. Amino acid analysis showed that the purified FSH contained a higher content of threonine and half-cystine and a lower content of phenylalanine than sheep FSH preparations previously described.
Regression Models of Search Time for Color-Coded Information Displays

Visual search time on color-coded information displays has previously been shown to depend upon the number of items displayed (density), the number of colors used (code size), and the number of items in the same color category as the target. The present paper employed regression analysis techniques to develop models of search time which explain the mode of operation of these factors. The initial model, based upon number of items per category as the effective parameter, was successful in explaining 58% of the variation in search time means. An improved model, which introduced the concept, “operative number of colors,” accounted for 84% of the variation. This model was able to postdict 82% of the actually obtained search time values within 0.76 s, with no postdiction in error by more than 2 s. The elevation in search times with larger display densities and code sizes observed in the data, and described by the improved model, was interpreted in terms of disruption of subjects' scan behavior on the more crowd...
Hemin activation ameliorates HIV-1 infection via heme oxygenase-1 induction

Hemin, a critical component of hemoglobin, is an active ingredient of a biologic therapeutic approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute porphyries. This report describes a biological function of this molecule in inducing host defense against HIV-1 infection via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction. Treatment of monocytes with hemin substantially inhibited HIV replication, as evident by nearly undetectable viral RNA and cell-free HIV-1 p24 protein in a dose-dependent manner. Hemin exposure of these cells before infection, at the time of infection, or after infection caused >90% reduction of HIV DNA with substantially low levels of HIV-1 p24 and HIV-associated cytopathic effects. In addition, hemin treatment significantly suppressed infection of both monocytes and T cells inoculated with R5, X4, R5X4 tropic strains, and reverse transcriptase-resistant, azidothymidine-resistant, ddC/ddI-resistant, nivirapine-resistant, and other clinical HIV isolates. Intraperitoneal administration of hemin 4 days after HIV infection reduced viral load in the serum of human PBMC-reconstituted nonobese diabetic SCID mice by >6-fold. Suppression of HIV replication in hemin-activated cells correlated with the induction of HO-1 and was attenuated by tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) IX, an inhibitor of HO-1 activity, suggesting a pivotal role of this endogenous enzyme in the regulation of HIV infection. Hemin-induced HO-1 induction in the CCR-5, CXCR-4, and CD4 coexpressing GHOST(3) cells was consistent with the inhibition of Tat-dependent activation of long terminal repeat promoter leading to reduced GFP expression. These findings suggest an important role of hemin-induced HO-1 activity as a host defense mechanism against HIV-1 infection.
Multiple Mechanisms of Prime‐to‐Behavior Effects

Recent research has explored how the activation of social constructs via priming can affect behavior. Multiple mechanisms have received support, including direct activation of behavioral representations, goal activation, biases in person perception, biases in situation perception, and biases in self-perception. We review the evolving complexity of proposed prime-to-behavior mechanisms, discuss the predictions of each mechanism, and suggest some integrative principles that influence how and when primed constructs affect behavior.
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers for the tera era

Summary form only given. We are reaching one of the most important aspects of the tera era is the need for high-speed interconnections between computers and peripherals. The use of optical interconnects using low-cost optoelectronic components will be key to the development of computer networks of the future. A very important technology which will enable high-speed optical interconnects is the vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) technology. These lasers can be made and tested in a fashion similar to light emitting diodes, allowing low-cost manufacturing, and can be made into two-dimensional arrays, allowing unique signal processing capabilities. Many R&D groups are busy developing VCSEL technology. The state-of-the-art of VCSEL technology has reached a very impressive level with threshold currents of the order of 100 μA and internal efficiencies greater than 50%. VCSELs have been developed over a wide wavelength range from 650nm to 1550 nm using conventional epitaxial growth techniques or more sophisticated techniques such as wafer fusing and bonding.