cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributions of Fabrication Flaws in Reactor Pressure Vessels for Structural Integrity Evaluations

To reduce uncertainties in flaw-related inputs for probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) evaluations, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has supported research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) involving nondestructive and destructive examinations for fabrication flaws in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) material. Using these data, statistical distributions have been developed to characterize the flaws in regions of a RPV. The regions include the main seam welds, repair welds, base metal, and the cladding at the inner surface of the vessel. This paper summarizes the available data and describes the treatment of these data to estimate flaw densities, flaw depth distributions, and flaw aspect ratio distributions. The methodology has generated flaw-related inputs for PFM calculations that have been part of an effort to update pressurized thermal shock (PTS) regulations. Statistical treatments of uncertainties in the parameters of the flaw distribution functions are part of the inputs to the PFM calculations. The paper concludes with a presentation of some example input files that have supported evaluations by USNRC of the risk of vessel failures caused by PTS events.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Of Flies, Mice, and Men

In his most recent book, Francois Jacob has expanded upon some themes of his earlier works to produce a series of essays that present his reflections and opinions on the nature of the scientific process. Organized around the gene and its functions, the book is also pleasantly illuminated with learned references to the classics, modern literature, the arts, and history. At first glance, the essays may seem to treat disparate topics, ranging from mice to morality, but several themes flow through the book, presented as dialectics that overlay and intersect with each other.
Bidirectional associations between parenting behavior and child callous-unemotional traits: does parental depression moderate this link?

The current study longitudinally examined bidirectional associations between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and parenting dimensions. This study extended the literature by examining whether parental depression moderated these relations in a pre-adolescent sample. Proposed relations were examined using a longitudinal sample of 120 aggressive children (59.6 % male) who were in the 4th grade (M = 10.56 years, SD = 0.56) at baseline and were followed annually over 4 years. A series of generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine proposed relations. At the first order level, corporal punishment (p < . 001) and poor supervision/monitoring predicted increases in CU traits (p = 0.03) however, the inverse relations were not found. Importantly, parental depression moderated the link between corporal punishment and CU traits. Specifically, at high levels of depression, corporal punishment was predictive of increases in CU traits, but was unrelated to CU traits at low levels of depression. These findings aid in our understanding of the link between corporal punishment and CU traits by highlighting conditions under which certain parenting behaviors have an impact on CU traits, which in turn, may have important intervention implications. Further clinical implications, limitations and future directions are discussed.
453 CHOLESTASIS IN THE CEREBRO-HEPATO-RENAL (CHR) SYNDROME: BILE ACID AND MITOCHONDRIAL ABNORMALITIES

453 CHOLESTASIS IN THE CEREBRO-HEPATO-RENAL (CHR) SYNDROME: BILE ACID AND MITOCHONDRIAL ABNORMALITIES
Cytokine expression in radiation-induced delayed cerebral injury.

Abstract Radiation-induced delayed brain injury is a well-documented complication of both standard external beam radiation (teletherapy) and interstitial brachytherapy; however, the cause of this damage has not been determined. Cytokines and growth factors are important regulatory proteins controlling the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant glial cells, which have been implicated in the tissue response to radiation injury. Six snap-frozen brain biopsies showing radiation injury were obtained from four patients harboring malignant gliomas who underwent either postoperative external beam and/or stereotactic interstitial brachytherapy at standard dosages. The specimens showed variable amounts of gliosis, tissue necrosis, calcification, inflammation, and vascular proliferation and hyalinization. Frozen tissue sections were examined for the presence of infiltrating lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines, and other immunoregulatory molecules by the use of a panel of specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. All specimens showed diffuse T cell infiltration with both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Infiltrating activated macrophages (CD11c+, HLA-DR+) were prominent in five of six cases. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 immunoreactivity was prominent in four of six cases and was predominately localized to macrophages. Transforming growth factor-beta astrocytic and macrophage immunoreactivity was present at moderate levels in all cases. This study suggests that in radiation necrosis, interleukin-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 are expressed, predominately by infiltrating macrophages.
Characterization of genome plasticity in Ustilago hordei

Southern-blot hybridization analysis was used to identify and quantify chromosome-length polymorphisms for ten linkage groups of 14 races of Ustilago hordei. The bands identified by the probes were shown to vary as much as hundreds of kilobase pairs, but the magnitude of the variability was typically 5–15% of the average size of all bands to which a particular probe hybridized. A filamentous morphology mutant, recovered following heatshock treatment of a strain with the greatest number of chromosome bands, was shown to have suffered a 50-kb deletion in a 940-kb chromosome. The mutation to filamentous morphology, designated fil1-1, and the deletion, were shown to invariably cosegregate 2:2 with the wildtype (sporidial) morphology in an ordered tetrad. Genetic and physical analyses place the Fill locus and the deletion near the terminus of one arm of the 940-kb chromosome. These results suggest that deletions of this type may be one of the causes of chromosome-length polymorphisms observed in field isolates of U. hordei.
Influence of Glyphosate and Fungicide Coapplications on Weed Control, Spray Penetration, Soybean Response, and Yield in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of various glyphosate plus fungicide coapplications on weed control, spray penetration, phytotoxicity, and yield in glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during 2004 and 2005. Glyphosate was applied alone or in combination with the fungicides chlorothalonil [tetrachloroisophthalonitrile], metconazole [5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,24-triazol-1-ylmethyl) cyclopentanol], myclobutanil [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl methyl) hexanenitrile], propiconazole (1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole), pyraclostrobin (carbamic acid, [2,[[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]methyl]phenyl]methoxy-, methyl ester), tebuconazole [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4,j-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol]-tetrafluoroetho, tet-raconazole [(1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propylj]-1H-1,2,4-triazole)], azoxystrobin (methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate) plus propiconazole, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin [methyl (E)-methoxyimino-{(EE)-alpha-[1-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl) ethy lideneaminooxy]-o-tolyl}acetate], and pyraclostrobin plus boscalid at two application timings recommended for optimum weed control. Across all locations and years, similar levels of visual weed control and weed density at harvest were recorded with all glyphosate plus fungicide combinations compared with glyphosate alone. Little soybean plant injury or leaf area index reduction was observed with any glyphosate and fungicide coapplication when compared with glyphosate alone. Only coapplications of either glyphosate and pyraclostrobin or azoxystrobin plus propiconazole increased yields when compared with glyphosate alone. Greater spray penetration was achieved with early compared with late applications. No more than 10% spray card coverage was achieved at any canopy height with late applications. Although the optimum timing of fungicide application(s) will largely be dependent on the time of disease infection, these results suggest that the timing of fungicide application for control of Asian soybean rust (ASR) will rarely coincide with the optimum timing of herbicides like glyphosate for weed control in soybean.
Sonographic evaluation of the rejecting ureter

In 10 mongrel dogs, the sonographic features of the pelvocaliceal system and ureteral peristalsis during acute rejection were correlated with the electromyographic (EMG) findings and histologic appearance. There were significant alterations of the ureteral dynamics during rejection as demonstrated by changes in the pressure tracings, the progressive decrease of electrical activity of the ureteral muscle, and decreased peristalsis with pelvicaliectasis as demonstrated on real-time ultrasound. The sonographic changes of peripelvic and periureteral thickening corresponded to histologic changes of edema and inflammatory infiltrate with disruption of the muscular layer. In the presence of clinical and sonographic findings of kidney rejection, the demonstration of hydronephrosis and thickened pelvic wall should be considered as another measure of the rejection process.
Characteristics of genetic markers and maps for cost-effective genome screens using diallelic markers.

New technologies for genotyping diallelic markers (SNPs) were recently developed that may be lower in cost, and more easily automated than microsatellite markers (STRPs). The reduction in genotyping costs resulting from such automation may significantly impact the overall cost of studies of complex traits, which generally require large sample sizes. Use of multiple SNPs in linkage analysis can recapture the linkage information otherwise lost with such markers. Here we derive a measure of the multilocus polymorphic information content (MPIC) in the context of linkage analysis for a cluster of SNPs, and we explore the characteristics of uniform vs. clustered SNP maps, relative to STRP maps. Issues addressed in comparing the map structures include the information content for clustered or single markers, and map accuracy. To be cost-effective, SNPs should have a common allele frequency between 0.5-0.75. No more than five loci per cluster are needed. Some linkage disequilibrium between loci in a cluster is tolerable. In the ideal case, a uniformly spaced SNP map is more cost-effective than one composed of clustered loci. However, the genotyping cost per marker for diallelic markers can be at most 60% of the genotyping cost per marker for STRPs. The consequences of using clustered vs. uniform SNP maps are considered in the context of map inaccuracy and use of multipoint vs. pairwise linkage analysis. Overall, when marker information, map accuracy, and flexibility of analysis are jointly considered, an optimal solution may be use of maps with 2-3 SNPs per cluster.
Eosinophil cationic protein in tracheal aspirates of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Eosinophil cationic protein was elevated during the first week of life in tracheal aspirates from 11 preterm infants in whom bronchopulmonary dysplasia subsequently developed compared with 8 preterm and 8 term infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eosinophil cationic protein levels increased progressively with continued intubation in the infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia but remained low in a comparison group of term infants. We suggest that eosinophils participate in the inflammatory process in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and may contribute to lung injury.
An investigation of the wear of abrasive grains by rubbing on diamond disks

Abstract In earlier wear studies 1 single abrasive grains were rubbed against the surfaces of metal disks under light loads. These studies have now been extended to include an examination of wear behaviour when using diamond-impregnated surfaces at lower sliding speeds and when using more accurately controlled test conditions. These wear tests provided values of wear resistance in the absence of chemical effects ( i.e. at sufficiently low surface temperatures). The results are in excellent agreement with the conventional wear theory pertaining to lightly loaded sliders. The wear volumes are, however, two orders of magnitude greater than those obtained when rubbing tough grains against steel disks and three orders of magnitude greater than the results obtained when rubbing friable grains against similar metallic surfaces.
Less efficient pattern separation may contribute to age-related spatial memory deficits.

Spatial memory deficits have been well documented in older adults and may serve as an early indicator of mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease in some individuals. Pattern separation is a critical mechanism for reducing potential interference among similar memory representations to enhance memory accuracy. A small but growing literature indicates that spatial pattern separation may become less efficient as a result of normal aging, possibly due to age-related changes in subregions of the hippocampus. This decreased efficiency in spatial pattern separation may be a critical processing deficit that could be a contributing factor to spatial memory deficits and episodic memory impairment associated with aging. The present paper will review recently published studies in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents that have examined age-related changes in spatial pattern separation. The potential basic science, translational, and clinical implications from these studies are discussed to illustrate the need for future research to further examine the relationship between spatial pattern separation and brain changes associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease.
Validating register allocations for straight line programs

Straight line programs are essentially sequences of assignment statements. A general program consists of straight line segments with flow of control between these segments. The interfaces between a straight line segment and the rest of the program place constraints on register allocations for the segment. These constraints may render a register allocation for a straight line program unrealizable. An algorithm is given to determine if a register allocation for a straight line program is realizable. It is shown that the algorithm takes 0(n3) steps, where n is the number of statements in the program. An unrealizable assignment may be made realizable by introducing stores into memory at appropriate points. It is shown how the minimum number of such stores may be found.
Metal directed assembly of ditopic containers and their complexes with alkylammonium salts

A new self-folding cavitand has been assembled through metal coordination to give a thermodynamically stable ditopic receptor of nanosize dimensions which has been used in the reversible binding of di-alkylammonium and n-alkylammonium salts.
Examining the Influence of Speed Limits for Multilane Highways with Curbs and Gutters

AbstractThis research assesses the current practices used to determine the correct speed limits when widening two-lane highways with 88.51 km/h (55 mi/h) speed limits to multilane highways with curb and gutter cross sections. A number of related tasks have been encompassed in this study. The speed studies were conducted at 32 sites that had recently been upgraded from two-lane roadways to four or five-lane roadways with curb and gutter profiles. The speed variances and speeding rates at these sites were examined and compared with corresponding data from similar sites on two-lane roadways. Apart from the field test study, a series of human factor studies that used the DS-600c driving simulator system at the University of Tennessee was conducted to assess the effects of curb and gutter profiles and posted speed limits on driver speed–selection behaviors. In addition, a study of the effects of speed limits, in combination with curb and gutter, on crash rates was performed using crash data from the Highway Sa...
Ion transport in nanofluidic funnels.

We report fabrication of nanofluidic channels with asymmetric features (e.g., funnels) that were cast in high modulus poly(dimethylsiloxane) and had well-defined geometries and dimensions. Masters used to cast the funnels were written in the negative tone resist SU-8 by electron beam lithography. Replicated funnels had taper angles of 5, 10, and 20° and were 80 nm wide at the tip, 1 μm wide at the base, and 120 nm deep. The planar format permitted easy coupling of the funnels to microfluidic channels and simultaneous electrical and optical characterization of ion transport. All three designs rectified ion current, and the 5° funnel exhibited the highest rectification ratio. Fluorescence measurements at the funnel base showed that an anionic probe was enriched and depleted in the high and low conductance states, respectively.
Factors Influencing the Violation of Space Between a Photographer and Subject

Summary Milgram has suggested that a privileged space exists between a photographer and a photographic subject which is infrequently violated by passersby. A field study was conducted to assess the influences of relative status of the photographer-subject unit, the presence or absence of a human photographic subject, and the distance between the photographer and subject on frequency of space violation. The percentage of violations was clearly dependent upon the combinations of levels of the three independent variables. Further, all three variables separately influenced violations: the presence of a human model, the closer the distance, and the higher the status each significantly decreased the number of violations. The results indicate that a social convention accorded privilege to the space between a photographer and photographic subject but that the strength of control over that space was a complex function of several variables.
Isolation and mapping of Mu nu mutants which grow in him mutants of E. coli.

Abstract Mu nuA and Mu nuB mutants were selected by their ability to form plaques on lawns of Escherichia coli himA and himB mutants, respectively. Deletion mapping of the nuA and nuB mutations by marker rescue from λpMu transducing phages or from hosts containing deleted Mu prophages indicated that nuA mutations are located within or to the left of gene A and that nuB mutations are located within or between Mu genes G and I .
Hetero-core structured fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with silver film

Abstract A new optical fiber sensing structure is described, which is capable of refractive index detection based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) interrogation. The sensor simply consists of two different core diameter fibers, which are connected by thermal fusion splicing, in order to deliberately leak the transmitted light wave into the cladding layer of the sensing fiber region. Silver film was uniformly deposited around the cladding surface for SPR excitation. Experiment to measure the SPR resonance wavelength for the refractive index ranging from 1.333 to 1.398 was carried out, by using a white light source and a spectrum analyzer. Sensor response exhibited characteristic spectrum which has a minimum in a specific wavelength for a given refractive index. Sensitivities obtained from an experimentally derived curve were 2.1×10−4 and 1.5×10−4 at refractive indices of 1.333 and 1.398, respectively. It has been demonstrated that the developed hetero-core fiber structure is one of promising techniques for remote monitoring systems as a SPR refractive index sensor.
Stationary negative potentials near the source vs. positive far-field potentials at a distance

We studied the field distribution of referentially recorded negative potentials after stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist in 15 normal subjects. When recorded from multiple sites along the lateral aspect of the arm with the reference electrode at the knee, 3 negative peaks, N3, N6 and N9, appeared at fixed latencies. Of these N3 and N6 were highest in amplitude at the distal insertion of the brachioradialis and the distal end of the deltoid, respectively, and N9, at the acromion. With stimulation of the finger, the negative peaks shifted in latency by about 3 msec, indicating an anatomically fixed generator source for each component. When compared to far-field potentials, N9 was of the same latency as scalp recorded P9, that extended to the arm contralateral to the side of stimulation and to the upper half of the trunk. In contrast, N6 extended to the scalp with P6 spreading to the lower half of the body. When two subjects were connected by the arm, stationary negative or positive peaks were transmissible from the stimulated to the non-stimulated subject. When the stimulated arm of the first subject was in contact with the second subject, N3, N6 and N9 were recorded in the latter. Only P9 was registered when the unstimulated arm was in contact with the second subject. We conclude that N3, N6 and N9 are stationary negative potentials generated at certain points along the nerve pathway, probably representing a negative counterfield for positive far-field peaks, P3, P6 and P9. These stationary potentials can spread widely in a volume conductor and can even be detected in a non-stimulated subject making a close contact to the generator source.
Valproate treatment and cocaine cue reactivity in cocaine dependent individuals

Based on prior clinical trials indicating that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-based anticonvulsant medications reduce drug craving in cocaine dependent study participants, we tested the effects of valproate treatment on cue-induced cocaine craving. Crack cocaine dependent individuals (N=20) were tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subjects, crossover study design. Valproate treatment was titrated up to 1500 mg/day by Day 6 of treatment, cue testing was completed on Day 8 of treatment, and all study participants underwent a washout period of 5 days between active and placebo medication treatment periods. Testing included both cocaine and neutral cue exposure sessions, presented in a random and counterbalanced order. Main effects of cue exposure were found for subjective ratings of "desire to use cocaine now", the cocaine craving index, cocaine-like high, and cocaine withdrawal. Treatment interaction effects were found with "desire to use cocaine now", which underwent a greater increase following cocaine cue exposure in the valproate condition. Main effects of medication treatment were found, in which lower blood pressure and heart rate, and higher plasma cortisol levels, were associated with valproate treatment. Valproate treatment was also associated, at a trend level, with higher pre-test cocaine craving levels. The results demonstrate that cocaine cue reactivity is a robust phenomena across two assessment sessions, but fail to support the use of valproate as a means of reducing spontaneous and cue-induced cocaine craving. The use of valproate as a treatment for cocaine dependence is not supported.
Engineering nanocages with polyglutamate domains for coupling to hydroxyapatite biomaterials and allograft bone

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the principal constituent of bone mineral, and synthetic HA is widely used as a biomaterial for bone repair. Previous work has shown that polyglutamate domains bind selectively to HA and that these domains can be utilized to couple bioactive peptides onto many different HA-containing materials. In the current study we have adapted this technology to engineer polyglutamate domains into cargo-loaded nanocage structures derived from the P22 bacteriophage. P22 nanocages have demonstrated significant potential as a drug delivery system due to their stability, large capacity for loading with a diversity of proteins and other types of cargo, and ability to resist degradation by proteases. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to modify the primary coding sequence of the P22 coat protein to incorporate glutamate-rich regions. Relative to wild-type P22, the polyglutamate-modified nanocages (E2-P22) exhibited increased binding to ceramic HA disks, particulate HA and allograft bone. Furthermore, E2-P22 binding was HA selective, as evidenced by negligible binding of the nanocages to non-HA materials including polystyrene, agarose, and polycaprolactone (PCL). Taken together these results establish a new mechanism for the directed coupling of nanocage drug delivery systems to a variety of HA-containing materials commonly used in diverse bone therapies.
Human Language and Our Reptilian Brain: The Subcortical Bases of Speech, Syntax, and Thought

This work is an entry into the fierce current debate among psycho-linguists, neuroscientists, and evolutionary theorists about the nature and origins of human language. A prominent neuroscientist here takes up the Darwinian case, using data seldom considered by psycho-linguists and neuro-linguists to argue that human language - though more sophisticated than all other forms of animal communication - is not a qualitative different ability from all forms of animal communication, does not require a quantum evolutionary leap to explain it, and is not unified in a single "language instinct". Using clinical evidence from speech-impaired patients, functional neuro-imaging, and evolutionary biology to make his case, Philip Lieberman contends that human language is not a single separate module but a functional neurological system made up off many separate abilities. Language remains as it began, the author argues: a device for coping with the world. But in a blow to human narcissism, he makes the case that this most remarkable human ability is a by-product of our remote reptilian ancestors' abilities to dodge hazards, seize opportunities, and live to see another day.
Inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake in peripheral organs of some mammalian species by ouabain.

Abstract In order to demonstrate the possible involvement of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in the high affinity uptake of [3H]-norepinephrine in the sympathetic nerve endings, the effect of ouabain on [3H]norepinephrine uptake in spleen and heart slices of five mammalian species was examined. The ouabain sensitivity of [3H]norepinehrine uptake in the heart slices from various species, as determined by the estimation of IC50, was, in increasing order, lamb (2.3 μM) 500 μM). The IC50 values in the spleen slices were: lamb (1 μM) 500μM). The IC50 values for the inhibition of specific [3H]ouabain binding in the microsomal fractions of spleen and heart of the five mammalian species by ouabain were similar to the IC50 values for the inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake by the cardiac glycoside. Since ouabain is known to bind exclusively to (Na+ + K+)-ATPase of a microsomal fraction, these results suggest that the inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake in the sympathetic nerve endings by ouabain is mediated by the inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase.
Soluble and mature amyloid fibrils in drusen deposits

Purpose. Drusen are a hallmark of eyes affected by age-related macular degeneration. In previous study, a conformational-specific antibody showed drusen to contain nonfibrillar amyloid structures. The current study was undertaken to assess the presence of additional amyloid structures in drusen.
Ventricular arrhythmias during coronary angiography in patients with angina pectoris or chest pain syndromes

Of 7,915 patients undergoing coronary angiography from 1978 to 1983, 39 (25 men and 14 women with a mean age of 57 years [range 37 to 79]) had sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) during the procedure. Nine patients had atypical chest pain and 30 had typical angina. Fifteen had had a previous myocardial infarction. One patient had a history of VT or VF. Electrocardiograms taken at rest revealed a prolonged QT interval in 14. A normal ejection fraction was found in 79%. Coronary angiography revealed that 10 patients had 3-vessel disease, 15 had 1- or 2-vessel disease and 14 had normal coronary arteries. The VT or VF was seen with injection of contrast medium into the right coronary artery in 24, the left coronary artery in 10 and vein bypass grafts in 5 patients. Of the episodes of VT or VF, 67% occurred after injection of contrast medium into a minimally diseased coronary artery. In patients in whom VT or VF occurred after injection into a minimally diseased coronary artery, the arrhythmia was preceded by bradycardia, usually with pronounced widening of the QRS and QT intervals. This response was significantly different from that in patients in whom VT or VF occurred after injection into a coronary artery with significant stenosis; in these patients, VT or VF was initiated by a single premature ventricular contraction on a T wave. VT or VF was successfully cardioverted in all instances, without further arrhythmias.
Ecuadorian Immigrants And Symbolic Nationalism In Chicago

Focusing on the activities of social and civic organizations of Ecuadorian immigrants in Chicago, this paper argues that immigrants use symbolic nationalism mainly to negotiate their adaptation and integration into the host country. Distinct and diverging modes of nationalism articulated among immigrant communities of a common national origin reveal underlying class, race, ethnic, and regional divisions that are both reproduced and reinvented in a new setting. This coexistence of multiple and fragmented national identities complicates existing representations of immigrants as being “focused on the sending country” or “caught between two worlds.”
The permeable and impermeable wall of expectations

This chapter presents an autoethnography of a Chinese American woman's twenty-five years of experience in higher education at universities in Southern California and the Pacific Northwest. Her career is discussed in four stages: master's teaching assistant and student, part-time instructor, doctoral teaching assistant and student, and professor.
Total Cross Section of Hydrogen for 143- to 205-Mev Positive Pions

Using counter techniques, a higher-precision determination of the pi / sup +/ + p total cross section in the neighborhood of the T = J = 3/2 resonance was made. The energy width, statistical errors, and absolute errors were considerably reduced in an extension of our previously reported work. The eight total cross sections which were determined in the pion kinetic-energy range of 143 to 205 Mev are compared to other earlier work and their theoretical interpretation is discussed. (auth) In order to obtain a production spectrum of mesons in the center-of-mass system, three high-energy nuclear collisions were selected which satisfy very stringent criteria for nucleon-nucleon collisions and for which the momenta of all charged particles could be measured in the laboratory system. The results show that more than one-half of the mesons have energies less than 1 Bev in the center-of-mass system. Only a few particles emitted under very small angles in the forward and backward direction have higher energies, extending up to 10 Bev. The low-energy end of the spectrum is compared with results obtained in experiments with the Berkeley Bevatron. (auth)
Mission and concept evaluation for a multirole, mission-adaptable air vehicle

Abstract The paper describes the results from a concept exploration study to assess the feasibility of a modular/reconfigurable rotorcraft designated the “multirole, mission-adaptable air vehicle (MRMAAV)”. The initial phase of the study consisted of developing mission and operational requirements for the vehicle. This phase resulted in the assessment that the aircraft should be considered primarily an attack vehicle but with the capability, through reconfiguration, for performing several alternate missions. Evaluation of several high-speed rotorcraft concepts led to the selection of two platform configurations for further study. These included the variable-diameter compound helicopter (VDCH) and the joined-wing tilt rotor (JWTR). Detailed sizing efforts focused on the VDCH as the more feasible of the two concepts. Innovative aspects of the air vehicle include variable-diameter main rotor, turboshaft/turbofan convertible engine, virtual-canopy cockpit, and reconfigurable payload bay. The mission-equipment package is highlighted by an autonomous remote sensor platform. The study identifies areas which best lend themselves to a modular or reconfigurable design approach and describes in detail a candidate vehicle meeting the MRMAAV objectives.
Information Retrieval: Easy English, a language for information retrieval through a remote typewriter console

Easy English is a natural command language designed to simplify communication between man and machine through remote typewriter console. It has been developed for retrieval of documents from a computerized data base, the Moore School Information Systems Laboratory files. Requests are formulated in a standardized syntactical form (examples of which are presented), and this form is then transformed into an equivalent query expressed in the retrieval system's original Symbolic Command Language, which is briefly described.Operation of Easy English is detailed by illustration of the transformations performed upon a sample request up to the point at which the request string is sent to the system. A macro flowchart of Easy English is included, and an Appendix provides the printout of a retrieval demonstration.
Use of paramagnetic resonance to detect optical processes in photoconductors

Abstract In photoconductivity the light induced transfer of charge from one impurity or defect site in the lattice to another is a common process. It is in fact while the charge is free that it contributes to the photocurrent. As a result the valence of the sites involved in the process will change by one. In principle this valence change should be observable using paramagnetic resonance absorption techniques because at each site we are going from a state with an even number of electrons to an odd number or vice versa. The use of paramagnetic resonance to detect light induced charge transfer will be illustrated by several experiments carried out on II–VI compounds doped with various impurities. In addition to the observed valence change, interaction between defects in the lattice has been detected. The resonance technique is useful in that it isolates a single microscopic process occurring during photoconductivity and hence is a definite aid in setting up a model for the photoconductive process. It will also be shown how the apparatus used to detect paramagnetic resonance can be used to measure microwave photoconductivity. The measurement does not require any electrodes on the sample.
A clinical trial of dextromoramide, (R 875, SKF D-5137).

Abstract Dextromoramide, in 5 and 10 mg. doses, appears an effective analgesic in the treatment of obstetrical afterpains. The results with orally administered dextromoramide were not significantly different from those achieved with parenteral dextromoramide. The analgesic efficacy of this new agent compares favorably with injected morphine or oral meperidine, but the side effects observed with dextromoramide are of sufficient magnitude as to cast serious doubt on its potential clinical use in patients of the type studied.
YbGaGe : normal thermal expansion

Abstract We report evidence of the absence of zero thermal expansion in well-characterized high-quality polycrystalline samples of YbGaGe. High-quality samples of YbGaGe were produced from high-purity starting elements and were extensively characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, magnetization, and neutron powder diffraction at various temperatures. Our sample melts congruently at 920 ∘C. A small amount of Yb2O3 was found in our sample, which explains the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility. These observations rule out the scenario of electronic valence driven thermal expansion in YbGaGe. Our studies indicate that the thermal expansion of YbGaGe is comparable to that of Cu.
A DECOMPOSITION THEOREM FOR PARTIALLY ORDERED SETS

Let P be a partially ordered set. Two elements a and b of P are camparable if either a ≧ b or b ≧ a. Otherwise a and b are non-comparable. A subset S of P is independent if every two distinct elements of S are non-comparable. S is dependent if it contains two distinct elements which are comparable. A subset C of P is a chain if every two of its elements are comparable.
A new approach to MLE of Weibull distribution with interval data

Abstract We study the two-parameter maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) problem for the Weibull distribution with consideration of interval data. Without interval data, the problem can be solved easily by regular MLE methods because the restricted MLE of the scale parameter β for a given shape parameter α has an analytical form, thus α can be efficiently solved from its profile score function by traditional numerical methods. In the presence of interval data, however, the analytical form for the restricted MLE of β does not exist and directly applying regular MLE methods could be less efficient and effective. To improve efficiency and effectiveness in handling interval data in the MLE problem, a new approach is developed in this paper. The new approach combines the Weibull-to-exponential transformation technique and the equivalent failure and lifetime technique. The concept of equivalence is developed to estimate exponential failure rates from uncertain data including interval data. Since the definition of equivalent failures and lifetimes follows EM algorithms, convergence of failure rate estimation by applying equivalent failures and lifetimes is mathematically proved. The new approach is demonstrated and validated through two published examples, and its performance in different conditions is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. It indicates that the profile score function for α has only one maximum in most cases. Such good characteristic enables efficient search for the optimal value of α .
Intestinal Lymphosarcoma in Captive African Hedgehogs

Two captive adult female African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) had inappetance and bloody diarrhea for several days prior to death. Both hedgehogs had ulceration of the small intestine and hepatic lipidosis. Histopathology revealed small intestinal lymphosarcoma with metastasis to the liver. Extracellular particles that had characteristics of retroviruses were observed associated with the surface of some neoplastic lymphoid cells by transmission electron microscopy. These are the first reported cases of intestinal lymphosarcoma in African hedgehogs.
A comparative study of the preparation of radioactive 4‐bromoantipyrine and 4‐iodoantipyrine for the measurement of cerebral blood flow

4-[82Br]Bromoantipyrine has been synthesized by three methods:the melt method, the isotopic exchange in acidic medium method and the silica gel catalyzed method. The melt method is the simplest one and gives the highest radiochemical yield (∼ 90%). 4-[131I]-Iodoantipyrine has also been synthesized by these three methods with higher radiochemical yield than the bromo analog. The radiochemical yield of 4-[131I]iodoantipyrine synthesized by the silica gel catalyzed method depends on the reaction time of antipyrine with [131I]NaI solution, but does not depend largely on the contact time between antipyrine-[131I]NaI solution with silica gel. I2 or I+ was proposed as an intermediate for this reaction. The mean octanol/pH 7 buffer solution partition coefficient of 4-[82Br]bromoantipyrine is 9.78.
The impact of model physics on numerical wind forecasts

Abstract Fine scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are now widely applied to predict power production at wind farms. Given the fact that demand for specialized forecasts for wind farms is growing, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of NWP models for producing wind forecasts. This paper seeks to partially fulfill this goal by exploring the sensitivity of NWP-based wind forecasts to the choice of model physics schemes. The authors used two distinct case studies to explore these sensitivities with a NWP model used in realtime wind power forecast, where the underlying meteorology in both cases had a profound impact on the wind ramp-up of a wind farm in Northern Colorado. The first case was a strong cold frontal system moving through the wind farm during winter, and the second case was for a line of strong thunderstorms passing through the wind farm during summer. The model results were compared with observed hub-height wind. In each case, sensitivity studies were conducted to explore the impact of the choice of physics schemes on the wind forecasts. For the winter case, the sensitivity to the representation of land surface and planetary boundary layer processes was quantified. For the summer case, the sensitivity to the representation of clouds and precipitation physics was explored. In the winter case, the wind forecast was less sensitive to the choice of physics schemes due to the hub-height winds being generated by strongly forced large-scale weather systems. In contrast, the wind forecast for the summer case (driven by weaker meteorological forcing) was strongly affected by the choice of cloud and precipitation physics schemes.
Degree Sum Condition for k-ordered Hamiltonian Connected Graphs

Let G be a graph on n vertices. If for any ordered set of vertices S = {v 1, v 2, . . . , v k }, that is, the vertices in S appear in order of the sequence v 1, v 2, . . . , v k , there exists a v 1 ? v k (hamiltonian) path containing S in the given order, then G is k-ordered (hamiltonian) connected. Let {u 1, u 2} and {u 3, u 4} be distinct pairs of nonadjacent vertices. When $${G\neq{K_n}}$$ G ? K n and $${G\neq{K_n-e}}$$ G ? K n - e , we define $${\sigma'_4(G)={\rm min}\{d_G(u_1)+d_G(u_2)+d_G(u_3)+d_G(u_4)\}}$$ ? 4 ? ( G ) = min { d G ( u 1 ) + d G ( u 2 ) + d G ( u 3 ) + d G ( u 4 ) } , otherwise set $${\sigma_4'(G)=\infty}$$ ? 4 ? ( G ) = ? . In this paper we will present some sufficient conditions for a graph to be k-ordered connected based on $${\sigma_4'(G)}$$ ? 4 ? ( G ) . As a main result we will show that if $${\sigma_4'(G)\geq{2n+3k-10}}$$ ? 4 ? ( G ) ? 2 n + 3 k - 10 $${(4 \le k \le \frac{n+1}{2})}$$ ( 4 ≤ k ≤ n + 1 2 ) , then G is k-ordered hamiltonian connected. Our outcomes generalize several related results known before.
Plasma Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit in the Neonate and in Prepubertal and Pubertal Children: Effects of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone*

We studied the changes with maturation in the concentration of plasma glycoprotein hormone a-subunit in the basal state and after the administration of LRF. In samples of cord blood from 27 fullterm newborns, a-subunit exceeded 10 ng/ml. Plasma samples from 65 infants over 1 day of age showed a rapid decline in a-subunit to less than 1 ng/ml in most cases; a longitudinal study of a-subunit in 4 neonates confirmed the decrease. Twelve adult males had basal a-subunit concentrations and peak concentrations after LRF of 1.0 ± 0.1 and 3.7 ± 0.1 ng/ ml (mean ± SEM), respectively; pubertal females had concentrations of 0.8 ± 0.3 and 3.7 ± 0.8; and pubertal males had concentrations of 0.7 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.4; prepubertal females had concentrations of 0.3 ±0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.2; and prepubertal males had concentrations of 0.4 ±0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.1. In 5 girls with true precocious puberty, the basal plasma a-subunit concentration was 0.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml and peak a-subunit concentration was 2.7 ± 1.0. Statistical analysis show...
Mutations in the lspA1 and lspA2 Genes of Haemophilus ducreyi Affect the Virulence of This Pathogen in an Animal Model System

Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP contains two genes, lspA1 and lspA2, whose predicted protein products have molecular weights of 456,000 and 543,000, respectively (C. K. Ward, S. R. Lumbley, J. L. Latimer, L. D. Cope, and E. J. Hansen, J. Bacteriol. 180:6013-6022, 1998). We have constructed three H. ducreyi 35000HP mutants containing antibiotic resistance cartridges in one or both of the lspA1 and lspA2 open reading frames. Western blot analysis using LspA1- and LspA2-specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that the wild-type parent strain 35000HP expressed LspA1 protein that was readily detectable in culture supernatant fluid together with a barely detectable amount of LspA2 protein. The lspA2 mutant 35000HP.2 expressed LspA1 protein that was detectable in culture supernatant fluid and no LspA2 protein. In contrast, the H. ducreyi lspA1 mutant 35000HP.1, which did not express the LspA1 protein, expressed a greater quantity of the LspA2 protein than did the wild-type parent strain. The lspA1 lspA2 double mutant 35000HP.12 expressed neither LspA1 nor LspA2. The three mutant strains adhered to human foreskin fibroblasts and to a human keratinocyte cell line in vitro at a level that was not significantly different from that of the wild-type strain 35000HP. Lack of expression of the LspA1 protein by both the lspA1 mutant and the lspA1 lspA2 double mutant was associated with an increased tendency to autoagglutinate. When evaluated in the temperature-dependent rabbit model for chancroid, the lspA1 lspA2 double mutant was substantially less virulent than the wild-type strain 35000HP. The results of these studies indicated that H. ducreyi requires both the LspA1 and LspA2 proteins to be fully virulent in this animal model for experimental chancroid.
Intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestibility

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine how feeding diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and in vitro NDF digestibility affects dry matter (DM) intake, ruminal fermentation, and milk production in early lactation dairy cows. Twelve rumen-cannulated, multiparous Holstein cows averaging 38±15 d (±standard deviation) in milk, and producing 40±9kg of milk daily, were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Treatment diets were arranged in a 2×2 factorial with 28 or 32% dietary NDF (DM basis) and 2 levels of straw NDF digestibility: 1) LD, untreated wheat straw (77% NDF, 41% NDF digestibility) or 2) HD, anhydrous NH 3 -treated wheat straw (76% NDF, 62% NDF digestibility). All 4 diets consisted of wheat straw, alfalfa silage, corn silage, and a concentrate mix of cracked corn grain, corn gluten meal, 48% soybean meal, and vitamins and minerals. Wheat straw comprised 8.5% DM of the 28% NDF diets and 16% DM of the 32% NDF diets. Cows fed 28% NDF and HD diets produced more milk, fat, and protein than those consuming 32% NDF or LD diets. Dry matter intake was greater for cows consuming 28% NDF diets, but intakes of DM and total NDF were not affected by in vitro NDF digestibility. Intake of digestible NDF was greater for cows consuming HD diets. Ruminal fermentation was not affected by feeding diets that differed in NDF digestibility. Ruminal NDF passage rate was slower for cows fed HD than LD. No interactions of dietary NDF concentration and in vitro NDF digestibility were observed for any parameter measured. Regardless of dietary NDF concentration, increased in vitro NDF digestibility improved intake and production in early lactation dairy cows.