cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competition in zooplankton communities: Suppression of small species by Daphnia pulex1

The hypothesis that a large zooplankton herbivore, Daphnia pulex, can competitively reduce the abundance of resident zooplankton when colonizing a community of small species was tested in two lakes. When introduced to enclosures in eutrophic Larimore Pond, D. pulex decreased phytoplankton abundance by an order of magnitude, resulting in drastically reduced densities of Tropocyclops prasinus and Mesocyclops edax, the two dominant crustaceans in the pond. Daphnia pulex was also added to enclosures in oligo-mesotrophic Dynamite Lake, along with nutrients, in a factorial design. Three Dynamite Lake zooplankters were reduced in density by D. pulex under both enriched and unenriched conditions: Bosmina longirostris, Trichocerca multicrinis, and copepod nauplii. Nutrient additions allowed these taxa to overcome some effects of competition with D. pulex. Daphnia pulex reduced the densities of copepods and rotifers common to both lakes more in eutrophic Larimore Pond than in unenriched Dynamite Lake enclosures. These results show that a large herbivore can reduce the density of some small zooplankton species and therefore contribute to the scarcity of small species in lakes dominated by large herbivores. Furthermore, the results suggest that the competitive effects of a large herbivore on rotifers and copepods may be more pronounced in eutrophic systems because the large species can attain a higher population density, and subsequently alter the resource base to a greater extent, in eutrophic systems.
General relativistic effects in atom interferometry

Atom interferometry is now reaching sufficient precision to motivate laboratory tests of general relativity. We begin by explaining the non-relativistic calculation of the phase shift in an atom interferometer and deriving its range of validity. From this we develop a method for calculating the phase shift in general relativity. This formalism is then used to find the relativistic effects in an atom interferometer in a weak gravitational field for application to laboratory tests of general relativity. The potentially testable relativistic effects include the non-linear three-graviton coupling, the gravity of kinetic energy, and the falling of light. We propose experiments, one currently under construction, that could provide a test of the principle of equivalence to 1 part in 10{sup 15} (300 times better than the present limit), and general relativity at the 10% level, with many potential future improvements. We also consider applications to other metrics including the Lense-Thirring effect, the expansion of the universe, and preferred frame and location effects.
The Northern récit paysan: Regional Variations of the Modern Peasant Novel in Haiti

In a revisionist reading of the Haitian peasant novel, this article addresses the short shrift given to Haiti’s regionalism in scholarship, a lacuna that social geographer Georges Anglade attributes to ‘les effets d’occultation propre a la structure dominante centralisee’. Contrary to Port-au-Prince-centric renderings of Haitian literary history, which locate the elaboration of the modern peasant novel in the elite (read: Port-au-Princean) intelligentsia’s quest for a more authentic national identity, I show that the modern peasant novel emerged in the pages of the northern literary magazine Stella (Cap-Haitien, 1926–30) out of a primarily regional context. Through a close reading of several short and virtually unstudied recits paysans published in Stella , I argue that northern writers deployed the peasant novel genre as a regional response to the process of centralization and regional ‘occultation’ by the centralized nation-state apparatus. In particular, I examine how the lived experience of dramatic demographic and economic decline in the north informed the specific contours of this new literary expression.
Vertical Sounding Capabilities With High Spectral Resolution Atmospheric Radiation Measurements-A Demonstration with the High resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS)

This paper provides one example application of groundbased and aircraft Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) measurements to the diagnosis of significant atmospheric structure. This capability is relevant to the development of future space and groundbased high vertical resolution sounding instruments.
Field Evaluation of Selected Pesticides on the Natural Development of the Entomopathogen, Nomuraea rileyi , on the Velvetbean Caterpillar in Soybean , , ,

Significant differences in infection rates of the entomogenous fungus, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson among populations of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner) in soybean treated with benomyl, benomyl and methyl parathion, and benomyl and carbaryl were observed. Development of N. rileyi was delayed in treated plots for at least 3 weeks. The yield of the check plot was significantly higher than that of the pesticide treated plots.
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS FROM MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY

Myotonic Dystrophy (DM) is a chronic, slowly progressing, autosomal dominant inherited multisystemic disease which has 2 types: DM1 and DM2. There are congenital, juvenile, and adult onset forms of MD1 whereas only an adult onset form of DM2 is recognized. DM1 has an incidence of about 1 in 8,000
Highly Significant Responses to Anthropogenic Forcings of the Midlatitude Jet in the Southern Hemisphere

AbstractIt has been suggested that changes in the atmospheric circulation caused by anthropogenic forcings are highly uncertain, owing to the large natural variability intrinsic to the system. Here, to assess the statistical significance of such changes for the midlatitude, large-scale atmospheric circulation of the Southern Hemisphere, a new 40-member ensemble of integrations, from 1920 to 2080, of the Community Earth System Model, version 5, is analyzed together with a companion 1800-yr-long preindustrial control integration of the same fully coupled model. For simplicity, only the latitudinal position and the strength of the zonal-mean eddy-driven jet are considered. Given the large year-to-year variability of these jet properties, this paper focuses on their decadal averages, which reflect the more slowly varying climate state. The analysis herein reveals that the forced response in such decadal averages easily emerges from the natural variability, with only a few model integrations typically needed t...
Color Variation in Commercially Packaged Broiler Breast Fillets

Abstract A survey of broiler breast fillet packages displayed in grocery stores in north Georgia was conducted to determine the extent of breast fillet color variation. Only packages that contained four skinless, boneless breast fillets were included in the survey. Packages were identified by store and brand, and the incidence of packages in which one or more breast fillets were noticeably different in color (either lighter or darker) was recorded. A total of 59 visits were made by a single observed to 16 different store locations where packages from six different brand categories (five “name” brands and one group of minor band names and store labels) were sampled. Of the 997 packages observed, a total of 71, or 7.1% had one or more fillets that were noticeably lighter or darker than the others. For the six brand categories, the store bands had 6.15% discolored packages, while the name brands had 0.9, 3.5, 8.4, 12.6, and 16.9% packages with one or more discolored fillets. These results indicate that breast meat color variations may be sufficient to affect product uniformity in retail outlets. The variation between brand names indicates that some companies either are producing birds with less color variation, or they are sorting fillets by color prior to packaging.
Combinatorial Reactive Sputtering of In2S3 as an Alternative Contact Layer for Thin Film Solar Cells

High-throughput computational and experimental techniques have been used in the past to accelerate the discovery of new promising solar cell materials. An important part of the development of novel thin film solar cell technologies, that is still considered a bottleneck for both theory and experiment, is the search for alternative interfacial contact (buffer) layers. The research and development of contact materials is difficult due to the inherent complexity that arises from its interactions at the interface with the absorber. A promising alternative to the commonly used CdS buffer layer in thin film solar cells that contain absorbers with lower electron affinity can be found in β-In2S3. However, the synthesis conditions for the sputter deposition of this material are not well-established. Here, In2S3 is investigated as a solar cell contact material utilizing a high-throughput combinatorial screening of the temperature-flux parameter space, followed by a number of spatially resolved characterization tech...
Letter to the Editor Re: Ogawa, Y. Cancers 2016, 8, 28.

We read with interest the recently published paper by Dr. Ogawa “Paradigm Shift in Radiation Biology/Radiation Oncology—Exploitation of the H2O2 Effect” for Radiotherapy Using Low-LET (Linear Energy Transfer) Radiation such as X-rays and High-Energy Electrons”.[...]
Developing an Expert System for Nursing Practice.

The American Nurses' Association has set eight Standards of Nursing Practice related to the nursing process. Computer-aided information systems intended to facilitate the nursing process must be designed to promote adherence to these professional standards. For each of the eight standards, the paper tells how a hypothetical expert system could help nurses to meet the standard. A prototype of such an expert system is being developed. The paper describes issues in conceptualizing clinical decision-making and developing decision strategies for the prototype system. The process of developing the prototype system is described.
Use of serial vaginal smears in detecting time of ovulation.

This evaluation of the vaginal-smear method as a means of detecting time of ovulation is based on examination of 452 series of smears from 300 patients. Basal temperature curves were used for comparison with the serial smears in 126 cases. Collection is performed by the patients at approximately 24-hour intervals. Using a cotton applicator tip the women sampled their own vaginal cells and rolled the sample over a microscope slide and then returned the entire series to the physician for air-dried fixing and staining. The smears were stained by the method of Papanicolaou. A representative series of smears from 1 patient is published here. An ovulatory smear was one demonstrating the most advanced stage of follicular phase of the cycle and was characterized by clarity of background maximal concentration of conified cells tendency for cells to remain separated and leukopenia. When the smear method was compared for accuracy to the basal body temperature method close correlation was found. The ovulatory smear was obtained on the first day of thermal rise in 28.6% and on the day preceding thermal rise in 39.7%. A regression line was drawn which showed the relationship between day of ovulation as detected by the vaginal smear method and the length of cycle and the equation of this line indicates that for every 1 day that is added to the cycle length the ovulation day advances only .78 of a day. Thus there is a tendency for the length of the secretory phase to vary directly with the length of the menstrual cycle; but despite this statistical association ovulation is very hard to pin down.
A new eomysticetid from the Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand and a review of the Eomysticetidae (Mammalia, Cetacea)

Eomysticetids represent a worldwide, short-lived radiation of archaic baleen-bearing mysticetes that elucidate morphofunctional shifts and ontogenetic change amongst early Neoceti. Fossils of eomysticetids are now recorded from Oligocene marine rocks along the margins of the North Pacific (Japan), North Atlantic (South Carolina), and the Southern Ocean (New Zealand). The assemblage from New Zealand is diverse, with five species in three genera present during the Duntroonian stage (Chattian, 27.3–25.2 Ma). A new genus and species of eomysticetid from the lower Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand, Matapa waihao gen. et sp. nov., increases the known diversity of Southern Hemisphere eomysticetids. Matapa uniquely exhibits a rounded margin of the occipital shield, and shares a mosaic of features seen in Northern Hemisphere eomysticetids such as a large squamosal prominence, an inflated and posteriorly rounded paroccipital process, and a double-faced posterior bullar facet with longitudinal ridges. The holotype sp...
Catalog of the Indo-Malayan/Australasian stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

This catalog of the published literature on stingless bees from the Indo-Malayan/Australasian region was compiled from 520 references and deals with 129 proposed names for species-group taxa of which 89 are considered currently valid. Information is summarized on organisms associated with stingless bee colonies as well as the 225 plants from which the bees have been reported to forage. Lectotypes are designated for Trigona ornata described by Rayment and the following species described by Friese: Trigona anamitica, T. australis, T. borneensis, T. flaviventris, T. keyensis, T. luteiventris, T. pygmaea, T. reepeni, T. sericea, and T. versicolor.
Culture, the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy, and Quality of Life in the Black Belt Region of the Southeastern United States.

ABSTRACT The Black Belt region of the Southeastern United States displays characteristics which suggest particular interactions among culture, self-perception, and economic deprivation. A large proportion of families are below poverty level. Youth have limited educational opportunities and restricted chances for upward mobility. The paper argues that, in the region, performance expectations in education and elsewhere are culturally determined, and these expectations have an effect similar to the self-fulfilling prophecy. The effect operates at a subconscious level and is highly resistant to change. A line of research to test the proposition is suggested, and social action implications are discussed.
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Objective To review the experience with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) in our institution. Methods All charts of patients with SJS admitted to Children's Hospital between November 1988 and June 1998 were reviewed. Results Twelve patients with SJS were detected. There were 8 males and 4 females, with a mean age 6 years (range 10 mo to 17 yrs). All patients presented with high fever and cutaneous and mucous membrane changes, and the diagnosis SJS was confirmed by a dermatologist. Of the 12 patients with SJS, 7 were treated with IVIG, 2 with corticosteroids, and 3 with supportive care. IVIG was administered in a single infusion at 1.5-2 g/kg, and was given on an average of hospital day 3 (range 1-8 days). The average duration of fever was 8 days (range 3-14) in the IVIG treated patients compared to 14 days (range 6-20) in the non-IVIG treated group (p = 0.06). The mean hospital stay was 12 days (range 4-22) for the patients treated with IVIG and 15 days (range 6-25) for the non-IVIG treated group (p = 0.5). No toxicity was observed with IVIG therapy. Conclusion Duration of fever was shortened in patients treated with IVIG, although statistical significance was marginal. The hospital stay was slightly shortened in patients treated with IVIG; however, statistical significance was not reached. Prospective and controlled, multicenter studies are needed to further investigate these preliminary findings.
Responsiveness of Carmustine (BCNU) Treated Mice to Induction and Inhibition of Mixed Function Oxygenases

The responsiveness of BCNU treated mice to phenobarbital (Pb) induction of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxygenase (MFO) activity was studied. BCNU (30 mg/kg ip) produced significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cytochrome P-450, total ethylmorphine metabolism (TEM) and ethylmorphine N-demethylase (EMN) by 21 days after treatment. The specific activities of TEM and EMN were decreased more than was P-450 content. Benzpyrene hydroxylase (BPH) was increased and 7-ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase (ECD) was unaffected at this time. Pb induction beginning on day 17 after BCNU treatment resulted in a greater inductive response in the BCNU treated mice than in controls. The specific activities of all MFO enzymes studied were more markedly affected than were the raw activities suggesting activation. However, the responsiveness of the MFOs to the actions of inhibitory was not markedly influenced by BCNU pretreatment.
Comparison of Magee and Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers

Data from pathology reports of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers with Ki67 < 14% (luminal-A; n = 128) and Ki67 ≥ 14% (luminal-B; n = 100) were entered into the automatic recurrence score (RS) calculator accessible at the University of Pittsburgh Department of Pathology website. Using RS obtained with Magee equations #1 and #3, an average modified Magee recurrence score (AMM RS) was calculated for each tumor. The AMM RS and the Oncotype DX RS (Onco RS) were compared per tumor and associated with follow-up. AMM RS and Onco RS agreed in 64.9% (148 of 228) breast cancers (70.3% luminal-A and 58% luminal-B). There was only one two-step (low risk by Onco/high risk by AMM) RS disagreement. This luminal-B patient is alive without recurrence and free of tumor at 46 months postdiagnosis. Low-risk/intermediate-risk disagreements comprised 94.7% (36 of 38) and 69% (29 of 42) of the RS disagreements in the luminal-A and luminal-B groups, respectively (P = 0.004). In luminal-A, there were only two intermediate/high-risk disagreements; both high-risk ratings were by Onco RS. In luminal-B, there were 12 intermediate/high-risk disagreements; 11 of the high-risk ratings were by Onco RS. 100% (3 of 3) luminal-A tumors and 75% (6 of 8) luminal-B tumors that were high risk by AMM RS were also high risk by Onco RS. Eight tumors recurred and/or metastasized. AMM RS and Onco RS disagreed in only two of these eight tumors. The high percentage of tumors scored as intermediate risk (50% by AMM RS and 39% by Onco RS) is a major limitation of both scoring algorithms.
Calcium-Facilitated Aggregation and Precipitation of the Uranyl Peroxide Nanocluster U60 in the Presence of Na-Montmorillonite

The unique and diverse features of uranyl peroxide nanoclusters may contribute to the enhanced mobility of uranium in the environment. This study examines the sorption of the uranyl peroxide nanocluster [UO2(O2)(OH)]6060- (U60) to Na-montmorillonite (SWy-2), plagioclase (anorthite), and quartz (SiO2) as a function of time, U60 concentration, and mineral concentration. SWy-2 was studied in both its untreated form as well as after two different pretreatments, denoted as partially treated SWy-2 and fully treated SWy-2. U60 was removed (∼99%) from solution in the presence of untreated and partially treated SWy-2. However, U60 was not removed from suspensions containing anorthite, quartz, or fully treated SWy-2, even after several months. The removal of U60 from suspensions containing untreated SWy-2 is promoted in part by the exchange of Li+ counter-ions, normally weakly associated with U60 in solution, for Ca2+ ions naturally present in the clay. In solution, Ca2+ ions induce the aggregation of nanoclusters,...
isoTar: Consensus Target Prediction with Enrichment Analysis for MicroRNAs Harboring Editing Sites and Other Variations

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules (sncRNAs) involved in gene expression regulation. Having been widely studied during last two decades, they have been associated with several diseases, including cancer. Recent improvements in high throughput sequencing technologies have revealed a more complex miRNAome, due to miRNA sequence modification phenomena, such as RNA editing and isomiRs. As a result, a new class of tools is necessary in order to appropriately investigate this emerging complexity. To address such need, we developed isoTar, a high-performance Web-based containerized application designed for miRNA consensus targeting prediction and functional enrichment analyses. In the present chapter, we provide an overview of isoTar ( https://ncrnaome.osumc.edu/isotar/ ), as well as benchmarks and a guide to its usage.
Undocumented Mexican immigrant women's direct sales work in New York City

Abstract In the last two decades the feminization of migration has prompted an increase of research on women migrants across the globe. Putting women at the center of migration theories and using feminist migration frameworks to understand the work that women do has proved to be an insightful vantage point. This article has two main goals, the first one is to describe the work undocumented Mexican migrant women engage with at a nutritional company; the second argues that undocumented Mexican migrant women engage in teaching and learning with peers who work with them at a nutritional company. It argues that the spaces that are part of this company are little recognized by researchers, and that there are multiple ways in which migrant women construct and negotiate their informal learning through socializing with other women in different informal modes. The findings presented in this piece illuminate the ways in which the nature of the indirect sales model of work brings in a space for teaching and learning for these women that otherwise may not exist. This article focuses on results from interviews and participant observation with forty-six women in New York City who sell products for the nutritional company Mas Vida. The findings reflect how women go through language barriers, math knowledge and marketing experience in order to work. The article points out to a different facet of the work that immigrant women do in the United States and analyses how and why women are part of it.
Attitudes as prepared reflexes

Abstract When people plan to respond to a stimulus S with an action R, they hold an S-R association in working memory. Such S-R associations are called prepared reflexes. In the present investigation, we explored the possibility that prepared reflexes play a central role in evaluative processing. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that attitudes toward a given stimulus S (i) become more positive when prepared reflexes associate S with a positively valenced action representation R+, and (ii) become more negative when prepared reflexes associate S with a negatively valenced action representation R-. We found support for this hypothesis across 6 studies while ruling out alternative mechanisms including cognitive dissonance, self-perception, approach-avoid training, and biased scanning. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the predictive validity of implicit attitude measures.
Meaningful Interaction and Affordances for Language Learning at a Zapotec Revitalisation Programme.

Many theoretical models of second or additional language learning posit a crucial role for meaningful social interaction in the target language. However, it is not always clear to language educator...
Modeling and Analysis of Terahertz Graphene Switches for On-Wafer Coplanar Transmission Lines

We present an analysis of graphene-loaded transmission line switches for sub-millimeter wave and terahertz applications. As such, we propose equivalent circuit models for graphene-loaded coplanar waveguides and striplines and examine the switching performance under certain parameters. Specifically, we identify the optimum design of graphene switches based on transmission line characteristic impedance, scaling factor, graphene shape, and topology (series or shunt). These parameters are varied to obtain the insertion loss and ON/OFF ratio of each switch configuration. The extracted results act as the design roadmap toward an optimum switch topology and emphasize the limitations with respect to fabrication challenges, parasitic effects, and radiation losses that are especially pronounced in the millimeter wave/terahertz bands. This is the first time that such an in-depth analysis is carried out on graphene-loaded transmission line switches, enabling the development of efficient millimeter wave/terahertz tunable topologies in terms of insertion loss and ON/OFF ratio. Specifically, the optimized switches can be integrated with antennas or employed for the development of tunable phase shifters, leading to the implementation of efficient reconfigurable reflective surfaces (e.g., reflectarrays) or coded phased arrays either for imaging or wireless communication applications. In our models, we use measured graphene values (sheet impedance) instead of theoretical equations, to obtain the actual switching performance. Moreover, the proposed study can be easily expanded to other thin film materials that can be characterized by a sheet impedance including vanadium dioxide and molybdenum disulfide. Finally, the proposed equivalent models are crucial for this in-depth study; since we simulated more than 2,000,000 configurations, a computationally challenging task with the use of full-wave solvers.
Exploring the predicted yield of prenatal testing by evaluating a postnatal population with structural abnormalities using a novel mathematical model.

OBJECTIVE To determine the yield of prenatal testing and screening options after identification of fetal structural abnormalities using a novel mathematical model. METHOD A retrospective chart review was conducted to collect structural abnormality and genetic testing data on infants who were evaluated postnatally by a medical geneticist. A novel mathematical model was used to determine and compare the predicted diagnostic yields of prenatal testing and screening options. RESULTS Over a quarter of patients with at least one structural abnormality (28.1%, n = 222) had a genetic aberration identified that explained their phenotype. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) had the highest predicted diagnostic yield (26.8%, P < .001). Karyotype (20.8%) had similar yields as genome wide NIPT (21.2%, P = .859) and NIPT with select copy number variants (CNVs) (17.9%, P = .184). Among individuals with an isolated structural abnormality, whole exome sequencing (25.9%) and CMA (14.9%) had the highest predicted yields. CONCLUSION This study introduces a novel mathematical model for predicting the potential yield of prenatal testing and screening options. This study provides further evidence that CMA has the highest predicted diagnostic yield in cases with structural abnormalities. Screening with expanded NIPT options shows potential for patients who decline invasive testing, but only in the setting of adequate pre-test counseling.
A comparative analysis of quantitative metrics of root architectural phenotypes

Abstract High throughput phenotyping is important to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype. The methods used to describe the phenotype therefore should be robust to measurement errors, relatively stable over time, and most importantly, provide a reliable estimate of elementary phenotypic components. In this study, we use functional-structural modeling to evaluate quantitative phenotypic metrics used to describe root architecture to determine how they fit these criteria. Our results show that phenes such as root number, root diameter, lateral root branching density are stable, reliable measures and are not affected by imaging method or plane. Metrics aggregating multiple phenes such as total length, total volume, convexhull volume, bushiness index etc. estimate different subsets of the constituent phenes, they however do not provide any information regarding the underlying phene states. Estimates of phene aggregates are not unique representations of underlying constituent phenes: multiple phenotypes having phenes in different states could have similar aggregate metrics. Root growth angle is an important phene which is susceptible to measurement errors when 2D projection methods are used. Metrics that aggregate phenes which are complex functions of root growth angle and other phenes are also subject to measurement errors when 2D projection methods are used. These results support the hypothesis that estimates of phenes are more useful than metrics aggregating multiple phenes for phenotyping root architecture. We propose that these concepts are broadly applicable in phenotyping and phenomics.
Robust Electric-field Input Circuits for Clocked Molecular Quantum-dot Cellular Automata.

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a paradigm for low-power, general-purpose, classical computing designed to overcome the challenges facing CMOS in the extreme limits of scaling. A molecular implementation of QCA offers nanometer-scale devices with device densities and operating speeds which may surpass CMOS device densities and speeds by several orders of magnitude, all at room temperature. Here, a proposal for electric field bit write-in to molecular QCA circuits is extended to synchronous QCA circuits clocked using an applied electric field, \(\vec{E}\). Input electrodes, which may be much larger than the cells themselves, immerse an input circuit in an input field \(E_y \hat{y}\), in addition to the applied clocking field \(E_z \hat{z}\). The input field selects the input bit on a field-sensitive portion of the circuit. Another portion of the circuit with reduced \(E_y\)-sensitivity functions as a shift register, transmitting the input bit to downstream QCA logic for processing. It is shown that a simple rotation of the molecules comprising the shift register makes them immune to unwanted effects from the input field or fringing fields in the direction of the input field. Furthermore, the circuits also tolerate a significant unwanted field component \(E_x \hat{x}\) in the third direction, which is neither the clocking nor input direction. The write-in of classical bits to molecular QCA circuits is a road-block that must be cleared in order to realize energy-efficient molecular computation using QCA. The results presented here show that interconnecting shift registers may be designed to function in the presence of significant unwanted fringing fields from large input electrodes. Furthermore, the techniques devloped here may also enable molecular QCA logic to tolerate these same unwanted fringing fields.
The misunderstood history of gentrification: People, planning, preservation, and urban renewal, 1915–2020, by Dennis Gale: Philadelphia, PA, Temple University Press, 2021

Writing in 1960, the editors of the Washington, D.C., Evening Star sent a message to the country’s urban planners: private revitalization was a better policy for remaking the inner cities than urba...
Digital Literacy at an Urban Cancer Center: Implications for Technology Use and Vulnerable Patients.

PURPOSEeHealth literacy, or the ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources, has become increasingly relevant in the era of COVID-19, when so many asp...
Comparison of the coal dust suppression performance of surfactants using static test and dynamic test

Abstract Coal dust has a significant impact on miners' health, leading miners to have the most common occupational disease, Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis. Water spray with surfactants is one of the most effective methods for dust control in underground mines. Different types of surfactants have different impacts on coal dust suppression efficiency. The evaluation of surfactants for coal dust suppression is important and can be categorized into two groups being the static tests and the dynamic tests. Previous studies have applied the static tests the most rather than the dynamic tests due to the complication of application. However, some studies showed that dynamic tests are more reliable to evaluate the surfactants’ performance. The aim of this study is to compare and analyze whether the results from static tests and dynamic tests are consistent for surfactants evaluation in terms of coal dust suppression. Different types and concentrations of surfactants were considered in experiments. It was found that the results from static tests were not consistent with dynamic tests. Moreover, although the surface tension was highly correlated with the sink time showing in some surfactants, it was not applicable for all surfactants. Most importantly, due to many factors such as airflow and foam generation that were taken consideration in dynamic tests, it could be more reliable and accurate considering the discrepancies existing between static and dynamic tests. The results of this study could be applied to determine the evaluation methods of surfactants for coal dust suppression.
A Comprehensive Approach to the Nonlinear Optical Characterization of Si and GaAs in the Near-Infrared Spectral Region

The third-order nonlinear optical coefficients of Si and GaAs have been characterized in the near-infrared using a comprehensive approach to ensure accuracy and to address the large variation in the published coefficients.
Inner-Shell Vacancy Production in Ion–Atom Collisions

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the understanding of the process of K-shell vacancy production in ion–atom collisions. It is necessary to discuss the role of K-shell electron transfer along with excitation and ionization processes as the mechanisms of removing the K-shell electrons. The chapter presents ionization in a one-to-one context with the K-shell electron transfer process for collisions from the very asymmetric systems, where ionization is the dominant K-vacancy production mechanism, to near-symmetric systems, where K-electron transfer is the dominant mechanism. Experimental data from heavy-ion collisions are presented in parallel to selective data from the simple collisions such as H+ + H and H+ + He. This is important in view that many theoretical models have been developed originally for simple collision systems. Because of the range of parameters that can be controlled in heavy-ion collisions, heavy-ion collision data provide new grounds for testing these and some new theoretical models. The chapter presents a review of the experimental methods of measuring K-shell vacancy production cross sections and measurements where excitation, ionization, and charge transfer cross sections can be identified. The status of the theory of electron transfer in ion–atom collisions is reviewed and comparisons between theories are discussed in the chapter.
Capacity for climate change planning: assessing metropolitan responses in the United States

Political inaction at the federal level in the United States has driven increased attention to the importance of planning for climate change at the metropolitan level. This study reports on a survey of 25 regional councils in the United States that measures the extent to which they have adopted climate change plans and to identify the factors that influence their ability to implement climate change initiatives. The findings revealed that a majority of regional councils are involved in planning for and seeking to reduce climate change, and that existing efforts in complementary policy domains make this involvement possible. The findings support a multi-level framework to assess the institutional capacity of regional councils to implement climate change policy and planning in a metropolitan area.
Higher level string resonances in four dimensions

Abstract We study higher level Regge resonances of open superstrings, focusing on the universal part of the Neveu–Schwarz sector common to all D-brane realizations of the standard model. For Regge states with masses far above the fundamental string scale, we discuss the spin-dependence of their decay rates into massless gauge bosons. Extending our previous work on lowest level string excitations, we study the second mass level at which spins range from 0 to 3. We construct the respective vertex operators and compute the amplitudes involving one massive particle and two or three gauge bosons. To illustrate the use of Britto–Cachazo–Feng–Witten (BCFW) recursion relations in superstring theory, we build the four-gluon amplitude from on-shell amplitudes involving string resonances and gauge bosons.
The Role of Psychologists in Palliative Care

In May, 2000, an American Psychological Association (APA) Working Group on Assisted Suicide and End-of-Life Decisions issued a report to the Association Board of Directors on the present status of psychologists with respect to providing clinical services, conducting research, and educating professionals and the public in the palliative care arena. As reported by the APA's monthly magazine, the report finds that psychologists are “virtually absent” in end-of-life care arenas. This commentary addresses the validity of that claim, discusses ways in which psychologists have contributed to palliative care to date, and suggests some ways in which the profession may increase its visibility and value in the field of palliative care.
Using automatic speech recognition to assess spoken responses to cognitive tests of semantic verbal fluency

We evaluated an ASR-based system for automatic scoring of verbal fluency tests.Combination of confidence scoring and speaker adaptation result in improved scoring over baseline.Automated scoring is comparable to manual scoring. Cognitive tests of verbal fluency (VF) consist of verbalizing as many words as possible in one minute that either start with a specific letter of the alphabet or belong to a specific semantic category. These tests are widely used in neurological, psychiatric, mental health, and school settings and their validity for clinical applications has been extensively demonstrated. However, VF tests are currently administered and scored manually making them too cumbersome to use, particularly for longitudinal cognitive monitoring in large populations. The objective of the current study was to determine if automatic speech recognition (ASR) could be used for computerized administration and scoring of VF tests. We examined established techniques for constraining language modeling to a predefined vocabulary from a specific semantic category (e.g., animals). We also experimented with post-processing ASR output with confidence scoring, as well as with using speaker adaptation to improve automated VF scoring. Audio responses to a VF task were collected from 38 novice and experienced professional fighters (boxing and mixed martial arts) participating in a longitudinal study of effects of repetitive head trauma on brain function. Word error rate, correlation with manual word count and distance from manual word count were used to compare ASR-based approaches to scoring to each other and to the manually scored reference standard. Our study's results show that responses to the VF task contain a large number of extraneous utterances and noise that lead to relatively poor baseline ASR performance. However, we also found that speaker adaptation combined with confidence scoring significantly improves all three metrics and can enable use of ASR for reliable estimates of the traditional manual VF scores.
Estimation of Lipid Fractions of Blood Plasma

On page 320 (Vol. 1, 1955), the second and third sentences in the last paragraph should read, "It is interesting that most of the values are quite low. Among the few high values is Number 8, a man about 45 years old who proved to be an alcoholic and may have had some liver dysfunction."
Real-World Re-Identification in an Airport Camera Network

Human re-identification across non-overlapping fields of view is one of the fundamental problems in video surveillance. While most reported research for this problem is focused on improving the matching rate between pairs of cropped rectangles around humans, the situation is quite different when it comes to creating a re-identification algorithm that operates robustly in the real world. In this paper, we describe an end-to-end system solution of the re-identification problem installed in an airport environment, with a focus on the challenges brought by the real world scenario. We discuss the high-level system design of the video surveillance application, and the issues we encountered during our development and testing. We also describe the algorithm framework for our human re-identification software, and discuss considerations of speed and matching performance. Finally, we report the results of an experiment conducted to illustrate the output of the developed software as well as its feasibility for the airport surveillance task.
Results of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract The authors treated 1007 eyes with vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Indications for surgery were: (1) vitreous hemorrhage, 353 eyes (35%); (2) traction retinal detachment, 360 eyes (36%); (3) combined traction -rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 172 eyes (17%); and (4) other progressive fibrovascular proliferation 122 eyes (12%). During the study period, the frequency of vitreous hemorrhage as an indication for surgery decreased from 42 to 25%, and other progressive fibrovascular proliferation increased from 5 to 22%. The frequency of traction and traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachments did not change. The results of surgery varied according to the indication. Seventy-nine percent of eyes with vitreous hemorrhage obtained final vision of 5/200 or better. Similar results were obtained in 64% of eyes with traction detachment, 56% of eyes with rhegmatogenous detachment, and 81 of eyes with progressive fibrovascular proliferation. The percentage of eyes achieving final vision of 20/100 or better are as follows: (1) vitreous hemorrhage, 48%; (2) traction detachment, 27%; (3) rhegmatogenous detachment, 24%; and (4) progressive fibrovascular proliferation, 46%. The success rate improved in each anatomic category during the last 3 years of the study.
Longitudinal changes in the benthic bacterial community of the Mahoning River (Ohio, U.S.A.)

To examine spatial differences in bacterial communities along the Mahoning River in Northeast Ohio (USA), sediment samples were collected on two dates from three sites. Downstream portions (sites 2 and 3, in this study) of the Mahoning River have been highly impacted by human activities. Two approaches were used to characterize the bacterial community: fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with taxon specific probes and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Bacterial numbers (per g ash free dry mass), based on staining with DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) or FISH with Domain Bacteria, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus or Pseudomonas putida-specific probes, were higher at the most upstream site (site 1) compared to the more disturbed downstream sites (sites 2 and 3). In addition, the number of bands based on DGGE was higher at the upstream site (site 1) compared to the two downstream sites (2 and 3) during spring. However, in summer, the number of bands was similar among sites and the most upstream (1) and the middle site (2) had the same average number of bands. In spring, the percent similarity (based on the presence/absence of bands) among the three sites was relatively low compared to summer. In general, differences in the bacterial community were found among the sites with differing levels of anthropogenic disturbance but varied between the two dates examined.
Benefit Evaluation of Crash Avoidance Systems

A five-layer hierarchy to integrate models, data, and tools is proposed for benefits assessment and requirements development for crash avoidance systems. The framework is known as HARTCAS: Hierarchical Assessment and Requirements Tools for Crash Avoidance Systems. The analysis problem is multifaceted and large-scale. The driving environment is diverse and uncertain, driver behavior and performance are not uniform, and the range of applicable collision avoidance technologies is wide. Considerable real-world data are becoming available on certain aspects of this environment, although the collection of experimental data on other aspects is constrained by technological and institutional issues. Therefore, analyses of collision avoidance systems are to be conducted by collecting data on nominal operating conditions to the greatest extent possible and by using such data to build models for analysis of the rare, abnormal conditions. HARTCAS provides a framework within which to structure the collection and use of...
Chronic psychosocial stress-induced impairment of hippocampal LTP: Possible role of BDNF

Electrophysiological recording reveals that chronic nicotine treatment prevents stress-induced impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of anesthetized rats. We investigated the molecular mechanism of this action of nicotine in the CA1 region. Immunoblot analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2 times/day) normalized the stress-induced decrease in the basal levels of BDNF, CaMKII (total and phosphorylated; P-CaMKII), and calmodulin. Additionally, nicotine reversed the stress-induced increase in calcineurin basal levels. Chronic nicotine treatment also markedly increased the basal levels of BDNF in naive rats. Furthermore, high-frequency stimulation (HFS), which increased the levels of P-CaMKII in control as well as nicotine-treated stressed rats, failed to increase P-CaMKII levels in untreated stressed rats. Compared to unstimulated control, the levels of both total CaMKII and calcineurin were increased after HFS in all groups including the stressed, but no changes were detected after HFS in the levels of BDNF and calmodulin. These results indicate that normalization by nicotine of the stress-induced changes in the levels of signaling molecules including BDNF may contribute to the recovery of LTP.
Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in C3H/HeJ mice: Description of an inbred model and the effect of exercise on virulence

The effect of forced exercise on the development of coxsackievirus 133 myocarditis in inbred C3H/HeJ mice was studied. Four groups of mice (30 per group) were formed: infected-exercised (Group I); infected-unexercised (Group II); uninfected-exercised (Group III); and uninfected unexercised (Group IV). Infected mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1.0 × 102.1 TCID50 coxsackievirus 133. Exercised animals were swum daily for 60 minutes on days 1–9. Myocardial viral titers were acutely elevated on day 3 of infection and were augmented significantly by exercise on days 6 and 9. Exercise increased the overall mortality from 0–10% to 20–40%; significantly increased heart: body weight ratios on days 6, 9 and 13; and increased the extent of myocardial fiber necrosis. We have reproduced the acceleration of C133 myocarditis by exercise in the inbred C3H model.
Mutational Analysis of the Nucleotide Binding Site of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and v-Src Protein-tyrosine Kinases

Tyrosine kinases differ from serine/threonine kinases in sequences located at the active site where ATP and substrate bind. In the structure of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, the catalytic loop contains the sequence Lys-Pro-Glu where the Lys residue contacts the γ-phosphate of ATP and the Glu residue contacts a basic residue located in the peptide substrate. In tyrosine kinases, the analogous sequence is Ala-Ala-Arg in the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily and Arg-Ala-Ala in the Src tyrosine kinase subfamily. To deduce the role of these residues in tyrosine kinase function, site-directed mutations were prepared in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and in v-Src and effects on ATP binding and kinase activity were determined. Changing Arg to either Lys or Ala dramatically reduced activity of both tyrosine kinases and this correlated with loss of ATP binding. Changing the orientation of this sequence impaired activity of EGFR to a greater extent than that of v-Src but did not change substrate specificity of the two enzymes. These results support the hypothesis that Arg functions to coordinate the γ-phosphate of ATP. Analysis of sequence inversions in the catalytic loop indicate that the active site of v-Src exhibits greater flexibility than that of EGFR.