cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE SPLASH SURVEY: A SPECTROSCOPIC PORTRAIT OF ANDROMEDA'S GIANT SOUTHERN STREAM

The giant southern stream (GSS) is the most prominent tidal debris feature in M31's stellar halo and covers a significant fraction of its southern quadrant. The GSS is a complex structure composed of a relatively metal-rich, high-surface-brightness "core" and a lower metallicity, lower-surface-brightness "envelope." We present spectroscopy of red giant stars in six fields in the vicinity of M31's GSS (including four new fields and improved spectroscopic reductions for two previously published fields) and one field on stream C, an arc-like feature seen in star-count maps on M31's southeast minor axis at R ~ 60 kpc. These data are part of our ongoing Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda's Stellar Halo survey of M31 using the DEIMOS instrument on the Keck II 10 m telescope. Several GSS-related findings and measurements are presented here. We present the innermost kinematical detection of the GSS core to date (R = 17 kpc). This field also contains the inner continuation of a second kinematically cold component that was originally seen in a GSS core field at R ~ 21 kpc. The velocity gradients of the GSS and the second component in the combined data set are parallel over a range of ΔR = 7 kpc, suggesting that this may represent a bifurcation in the line-of-sight velocities of GSS stars. We present the first kinematical detection of substructure in the GSS envelope (S quadrant, R ~ 58 kpc). Using kinematically identified samples, we show that the envelope debris has a ~0.7 dex lower mean photometric metallicity and possibly higher intrinsic velocity dispersion than the GSS core. The GSS is also identified in the field of the M31 dwarf spheroidal satellite And I; the GSS in this field has a metallicity distribution identical to that of the GSS core. We confirm the previous finding of two kinematically cold components in stream C, and measure intrinsic velocity dispersions of ~10 and ~4 km s^(–1). This compilation of the kinematical (mean velocity, intrinsic velocity dispersion) and chemical properties of stars in the GSS core and envelope, coupled with published surface-brightness measurements and wide-area star-count maps, will improve constraints on the orbit and internal structure of the dwarf satellite progenitor.
Large N WZW field theory of N=2 strings

Abstract We explore the quantum properties of self-dual gravity formulated as a large N two-dimensional WZW sigma model. Using a non-trivial classical background, we show that a (2,2) space-time is generated. The theory contains an infinite series of higher point vertices. At tree level we show that, in spite of the presence of higher than cubic vertices, the on-shell 4 and higher point functions vanish, indicating that this model is related with the field theory of closed N =2 strings. We examine the one-loop on-shell 3-point amplitude and show that it is ultra-violet finite.
Evaluation of cases of severe statin-related transaminitis within a large health maintenance organization

Abstract Purpose To describe the rate, potential causes, symptoms, time to onset, and time to resolution of severe transaminitis associated with increased 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme reductase inhibitor ("statin") usage in a large group model health maintenance organization. Subjects and methods Health plan members 18 years of age and older, not receiving chemotherapy, who had received at least 1 statin prescription between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2001 were eligible. All eligible patients with an alanine aminotransferase greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal at any time during the study period were identified using computerized laboratory records. Medical records were subsequently reviewed in order to determine whether the elevation was attributable to statin therapy. Results Alanine aminotransferase had never been measured in 2334 of 25334 (9%) of eligible patients. In the remaining 23000 patients, 62 (0.3%) were identified with an alanine aminotransferase greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal during the 5-year study period. Of these, 17 (0.1% of 23000 patients) had severe transaminitis deemed directly attributable to statin use. All except 4 of these 17 cases were associated with drug interactions. In 16 cases, transaminitis resolved upon statin discontinuation. Conclusions In the observed study sample, statin-related severe transaminitis occurred infrequently. These findings support less frequent liver enzyme monitoring for most patients on statins. Continued monitoring remains warranted for patients on concomitant medications or those with comorbid conditions.
Bayesian Interpretations of Heteroskedastic Consistent Covariance Estimators Using the Informed Bayesian Bootstrap

This article provides Bayesian interpretations for White's heteroskedastic consistent (HC) covariance estimator, and various modifications of it, in linear regression models. An informed Bayesian bootstrap provides a useful framework.
A stereochemically general synthesis of methyl 2,4,6-trideoxy-4-methylthio-α-D-ribo-pyranoside, the thio sugar of esperamicin A1

Abstract A stereochemically general synthesis of methyl 2,4,6-trideoxy-4-methylthio-α-D-ribo-pyranoside ( 1b ), the thio sugar isolated from esperamicin, is described. The synthesis involves the neighboring group assisted delivery of a sulfur nucleophile to C(5) of epoxyalcohol 6 via aniline promoted cyclization of thioimidazolide 7 .
The Chandra view of the supernova remnant 0506-68.0 in the large magellanic cloud

A new Chandra observation of SNR 0506-68.0 (also called N23) reveals a complex, highly structured morphology in the low-energy X-ray band and an isolated compact central object in the high-energy band. Spectral analysis indicates that the X-ray emission overall is dominated by thermal gas whose composition is consistent with swept-up ambient material. There is a strong gradient in ambient density across the diameter of the remnant. Toward the southeast, near a prominent star cluster, the emitting density is 10-23 cm-3, while toward the northwest it has dropped to a value of only 1 cm-3. The total extent of the X-ray remnant is 100'' × 120'' (24 × 29 pc for a distance of 50 kpc), somewhat larger than previously known. The remnant's age is estimated to be ~4600 yr. One part of the remnant shows evidence for enhanced O, Ne, and perhaps Mg abundances, which is interpreted as evidence for ejecta from a massive star core collapse supernova. The compact central object has a luminosity of a few times 1033 ergs s-1 and no obvious radio or optical counterpart. It does not show an extended nebula or pulsed emission as expected from a young energetic pulsar, but resembles the compact central objects seen in other core collapse SNe, such as Cas A.
Photoinduced electron transfer in meso-triphenyltriptycenylporphyrin-quinones. Restricting donor-acceptor distances and orientations

Etude des reactions de transfert d'electron photochimiques dans les porphyrines a liaisons covalentes avec les quinones (benzo, naphto, anthraquinones). Le transfert d'electron exothermique rapide peut se produire a des distances de >10 A. Rendements quantiques de fluorescence
Enhancing the brightness of high current electron guns

Concepts such as the two-beam accelerator offer the possibility of translating pulsed power technology into a form useful to the design of high luminosity accelerators for high-energy physics applications. Realization of the promise of these concepts will require the design of electron guns which are optimized with respect to beam brightness at current levels of approximately 1 kA. Because high luminosity implies accelerator operation at high repetition rates, the high-current beam source must be designed so that the beam does not intercept the electrodes. In our investigations of electron gun configurations, we have found that the brightness of a given source is set by practical design choices such as peak voltage, cathode type, gun electrode geometry, and focusing field topology. To investigate the sensitivity of beam brightness to these factors in a manner suitable for modelling transient phenomena at the beam head, we have developed a Darwin approximation particle code, DPC. The main component in our experimental program is a readily modified electron gun that allows us to test many candidate cathode materials, types, and electrode geometries at field stresses up to 1 MW/cm. We have also developed several diagnostics suitable for measuring the brightness of intense, low-emittance beams.
Oral contraceptives and hypertension

Oral contraceptives result in a mild elevation of blood pressure in most women and overt hypertension in about 5%. Both estrogen and progestogen are responsible for the blood pressure effect, but the mechanism is as yet unknown. The risk of cardiovascular complications is found primarily in women over 35 years of age and in those who smoke. Preparations with an estrogen content of 30 g and a progestogen content of 1 mg or less appear to be safe.
American College of Preventive Medicine Practice Policy. Screening for Prostate Cancer in American Men

Abstract Based on a review of the current literature and recommendations, the American College of Preventive Medicine presents a practice policy statement on screening for prostate cancer in American men.
Expanding human-computer interaction by computer-aided creativity

Abstract The paper suggests that human-computer interaction should be enhanced by embedding computer-aided creativity (CAC) features into systems to use a larger portion of human skills and to include some motivational and emotional aspects into systems thus making them easier to accept. The paper is a revised work based on the author's previous papers about computer-aided creativity (Savolainen, 1988; 1989). The research is still in the idea-definition phase, but there is already some evidence deduced from existing phenomena and early CAC experiments that a special CAC viewpoint to interface design might be appropriate. The reason for early publishing is the need for interdisciplinary discussion and development of ideas in the rather new area of CAC.
Ionic conductivity of CeO2 with trivalent dopants of different ionic radii

Abstract The ionic conductivity, σ, of dilute CeO 2 :M 2 O 3 solid solutions has been investigated for four different dopants M 3+ , viz., La 3+ , Gd 3+ , Y 3+ and Sc 3+ . Conductivity does not vary monotonically with dopant radius but is a maximum for Gd 3+ doping. The association energy, H A , of the MV O pairs (V O = oxygen-ion vacancy) varies in an inverse manner to σ. For Sc 3+ doped samples, σ is ≈10 3 times lower than for the other dopants. Double doping experiments also show that Sc 3+ acts as a scavenger for vacancies. After considering other models, it is concluded that the behavior of Sc can only be explained by the formation of ScV O pairs of very high association energy.
Tandem Forecasting of Price and Probability -- the Case of Watermelon

The purpose of this paper is to show how probability prediction can be incorporated with price prediction to enhance the usefulness of' forecast information and provide greater intuitive appeal in its use. Empirical application encompasses forecasting in the watermelon industry to demonstrate the power and appeal of the approach.
Parameter subset selection and multiple comparisons of Poisson rate parameters with misclassification

Abstract We develop a fully Bayesian model for estimating a Poisson rate parameter subject to the presence of both false-positive and false-negative misclassification of the counts for a multiple sample scheme. We also propose a decision-theoretic-based parameter subset selection and multiple comparisons method for comparing Poisson rate parameters where counts are subject to misclassification. We apply our new data analysis methodologies to real-data examples. Probabilities used in these methods are approximated via Gibbs samplers.
Gropes and the rational lift of the Kontsevich integral

In this note, we calculate the leading term of the rational lift of the Kontsevich integral, introduced by Garoufalidis and Kricker, on the boundary of an embedded grope of class 2n. We observe that it lies in the subspace spanned by connected diagrams of Euler degree 2n-2 which have a bead t-1 on a single edge. This places severe algebraic restrictions on the sort of knots that can bound gropes, and in particular implies the two main results of the author's thesis, at least over the rationals.
Blocking of dynamical triangulations with matter

Abstract We use the recently proposed node decimation algorithm for blocking dynamical geometries to investigate a class of models, with central charge greater than unity, coupled to 2 D gravity. We demonstrate that the blocking preserves the fractal structure of the surfaces.
Mild and efficient desulfurization of alkyl sulfides with sodium

Abstract The reactions of dialkyl mono- and disulfides and functionalized alkylthio compounds with sodium in refluxing hydrocarbon solvent (tetradecane, mesitylene or toluene) resulted in sulfur-free products in very high yields.
Circumstellar matter in Algols and Serpentids

A systematic search is reported for phenomena associated with circumstellar matter in interacting binary systems of the Algol and W Serpentis type. Ultraviolet emission lines have been detected by the author in 10 Algols and 6 Serpentids. No conspicuous difference exists between systems with disk accretion and those with direct stream impact. Evidence is indicated that the lines are formed predominantly by scattering in an induced stellar wind. Relative intensity of Fe II and Fe III emissions appears to be correlated with the spectral type of the gainer. It is suggested that in the Serpentids we see a thick disk nearly edge-on, but that the emission lines indicate the nature of the gainer inside.
Simplifying products of fractional powers of powers

Most computer algebra systems incorrectly simplify z -- z/√w2 1/w3 -- w√w2 to 0 rather than to 0/0. The reasons for this are: The default simplification does not succeed in simplifying the denominator to 0.There is a rule that 0 is the result of 0 divided by anything that does not simplify to either 0 or 0/0..Many of these systems have more powerful optional transformation and general purpose simplification functions. However that is unlikely to help this example even if one of those functions can simplify the denominator to 0, because the input to those functions is the result of default simplification, which has already incorrectly simplified the overall ratio to 0. Try it on your computer algebra systems!This article describes how to simplify products of the form wα (wβ1) λ1 ... (wβn) λn correctly and well, where w is any real or complex expression and the exponents are rational numbers.It might seem that correct good simplification of such a restrictive expression class must already be published and/or built into at least one widely used computer-algebra system, but apparently this issue has been overlooked. Default and relevant optional simplification was tested with 86 examples on 5 systems with n = 1. Using a spectrum from the most serious flaw being a result that is not equivalent to the input somewhere to the least serious being not rationalizing a denominator when that does not cause a more serious flaw, the overall percentage of most flaw types is alarming.
The protective action of disodium catechol disulfonate in experimental vanadium poisoning.

Abstract The effectiveness of DCD as a therapeutic agent in acute vanadium poisoning has been demonstrated in rabbits, rats, and pigeons. The treatment with DCD can be delayed for an hour in vanadium intoxication when DCD is given in combination with sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate. Temporary treatment with sodium bicarbonate or citrate is helpful if DCD is not immediately available. However, a combination of DCD and sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate is better than either alone. DCD forms an indigo-blue colored complex with vanadium in the body. Qualitative measurements in rabbits indicate that the maximum excretion of the complex in the urine occurs in from 75 to 90 minutes. Excretion is complete in 135 minutes.
Rhodium(I)/diene-catalyzed addition reactions of arylborons with ketones.

Rh(I)/diene-catalyzed addition reactions of arylboroxines/arylboronic acids with unactivated ketones to form tertiary alcohols in good to excellent yields are described. By using C2-symmetric (3aR,6aR)-3,6-diaryl-1,3a,4,6a-tetrahydropentalenes as ligands, the asymmetric version of such an addition reaction, with up to 68% ee, was also realized.
Surface modification of Al alloys and Al-based metal matrix composites by chemical passivation

Chemical passivation by immersion of Aluminum 6061 and Aluminum 6061/Silicon Carbide and Al 6061/graphite metal matrix composites in a Cerous Chloride solution produces very corrosion resistant surfaces. Al 6061 which had been immersed in 1000 ppm Cerous Chloride for one week did not suffer from pitting corrosion during immersion in aerated 0.5 N Sodium Chloride for 90 days. A comparison with the corrosion resistance of Aluminum alloys treated with chromate conversion coatings shows that chemical passivation provides a valuable alternative to this process. The passivation process in CeCl3 and the corrosion process in NaCl have been monitored continuously with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which has been shown to be a very sensitive technique for the evaluation of these reactions. Pitting can be detected by the occurrence of a new time constant at low frequencies and a decrease of the impedance in the capacitive region. A model which describes the impedance for a surface which undergoes pitting and a fitting procedure for the analysis of the experimental EIS-data are presented.
An evaluation of injection modeling

The degree to which the injection model predicts charge storage and current flow in the MTL structure and the errors which are introduced by the two-dimensional nature of the MTL device will be covered in this paper.
Ring opening of aziridines with ortho-bromophenyl metal reagents: synthesis of 2-substituted indolines

Stabilized ortho-bromo phenyllithium reagents, generated via lithium-halogen exchange of aryl iodides, undergo regioselective ring opening of mono-substituted N-Boc, N-Cbz, and N-tosyl-protected aziridines in good to excellent yields. The resulting ortho-bromo phenethylamines can be cyclized under transition-metal-catalyzed conditions to give 2-substituted chiral, non-racemic indolines in good yields.
Recognizing patterns in streams with imprecise timestamps

Large-scale event systems are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of domains. Event pattern evaluation plays a key role in monitoring applications in these domains. identifies matches of user-defined patterns on high-volume event streams. Existing work on pattern evaluation, however, assumes that the occurrence time of each event is known precisely and the events from various sources can be merged into a single stream with a total or partial order. We observe that in real-world applications event occurrence times are often unknown or imprecise. Therefore, we propose a temporal model that assigns a time interval to each event to represent all of its possible occurrence times and revisit pattern evaluation under this model. In particular, we propose the formal semantics of such pattern evaluation, two evaluation frameworks, and algorithms and optimizations in these frameworks. Our evaluation results using both real traces and synthetic systems show that the event-based framework always outperforms the point-based framework and with optimizations, it achieves high efficiency for a wide range of workloads tested.
Delay Line as a Chemical Reaction Network

Chemistry as an unconventional computing medium presently lacks a systematic approach to gather, store, and sort data over time. To build more complicated systems in chemistries, the ability to look at data in the past would be a valuable tool to perform complex calculations. In this paper we present the first implementation of a chemical delay line providing information storage that can reliably capture information over an extended period of time. The delay line is capable of parallel operations in a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) fashion. Using mass action and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, we describe the chemical delay line implementation featuring enzymes acting as a means to reduce copy errors. We also discuss how information is randomly accessible from any element on the delay line. Our work shows how the chemical delay line retains and provides a value from a previous cycle. The system's modularity allows for integration with existing chemical systems. We exemplify the delay line capabilities by integration with a threshold asymmetric signal perceptron to demonstrate how it learns all 14 linearly separable binary functions over a sliding window of size two. The delay line has applications in biomedical diagnosis and treatment, such as smart drug delivery.
Setting the Quantum Integrand of M-Theory

In anomaly-free quantum field theories the integrand in the bosonic functional integral—the exponential of the effective action after integrating out fermions—is often defined only up to a phase without an additional choice. We term this choice ``setting the quantum integrand''. In the low-energy approximation to M-theory the E 8-model for the C-field allows us to set the quantum integrand using geometric index theory. We derive mathematical results of independent interest about pfaffians of Dirac operators in 8k+3 dimensions, both on closed manifolds and manifolds with boundary. These theorems are used to set the quantum integrand of M-theory for closed manifolds and for compact manifolds with either temporal (global) or spatial (local) boundary conditions. In particular, we show that M-theory makes sense on arbitrary 11-manifolds with spatial boundary, generalizing the construction of heterotic M-theory on cylinders.
A kinetic network model for nonlinear viscoelastic flow properties of entangled monodisperse polymers

Abstract : In this work, we shall propose a kinetic network model which appears to predict the observed nonlinear viscoelastic flow properties of entangled polymer systems. The basic molecular mechanism of this model attributes the rate-dependence of viscosity and normal stress difference to the decrease in entanglement density with increasing shear rate. In a flow field, entanglements are being formed and disengaged constantly. The entanglement loss process is caused primarily by the imposed shear and is assumed to be proportional to the shear rate to a power a; where a(1) accounts for the elastic nature of the polymer. The entanglement creation process, driven by thermal diffusion, is assumed to be independent of shear rate.
Global lepton quark neutral current constraint on low scale gravity model

Abstract We perform a global analysis of the lepton-quark neutral current data on the low scale gravity model, which arises from the extra dimensions. The global data include HERA neutral current deep-inelastic scattering, Drell-Yan production at the Tevatron, and fermion pair production at LEPII. The Drell-Yan production, due to the large invariant mass data, provides the strongest constraint. Combining all data, the effective Planck scale must be larger than about 1.12 TeV for n =3 and 0.94 TeV for n =4 at 95%CL.
On the use of tally servers in Monte Carlo simulations of light-water reactors

An algorithm for decomposing tally data in Monte Carlo simulations using servers has recently been proposed and analyzed. In the present work, we make a number of refinements to a theoretical performance model of the tally server algorithm to better predict the performance of a realistic reactor simulation using Monte Carlo. The impact of subdividing fuel into annular segments on parameters of the performance model is evaluated and shown to result in a predicted overhead of less than 20% for a PWR benchmark on the Mira Blue Gene/Q supercomputer. Additionally, a parameter space study is performed comparing tally server implementations using blocking and non-blocking communication. Non-blocking communication is shown to reduce the communication overhead relative to blocking communication, in some cases resulting in negative overhead.
Molten Salt Spectroscopy for Quantification of Radiative Absorption in Novel Metal Chloride-Enhanced Thermal Storage Media

This study describes the development and characterization of novel high-temperature thermal storage media, based on inclusion of transition metal chlorides in the potassium–sodium chloride eutectic system, (K–Na)Cl (melting temperature of 657 � C, latent heat of 278 J/g). At the melting temperature of (K–Na)Cl, infrared (IR) radiation can play a major role in the overall heat transfer process—90% of spectral blackbody radiation falls in the range of 2–13lm. The authors propose inclusion of small amounts (less than 0.2 wt.%) of IR-active transition metal chlorides to increase radiative absorption and thereby enhance heat transfer rates. A new IR-reflectance apparatus was developed to allow for determination of the spectral absorption coefficient of the newly formulated phase-change materials (PCMs) in the molten state. The apparatus consisted of an alumina crucible coated at the bottom with a reflective (platinum) or absorptive (graphite) surface, a heated ceramic crucible-holder, and a combination of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and zinc selenide (ZnSe) windows for containment of the salt and allowance of inert purge gas flow. Using this apparatus, IR spectra were obtained for various transition metal chloride additives in (K–Na)Cl and improved IR activity, and radiative transfer properties were quantified. Further, thermophysical properties relevant to thermal energy storage (i.e., melting temperature and latent heat) are measured for the pure and additive-enhanced thermal storage media. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4029934]
Synthesis of (R)-(+)-Boc-Iturinic Acid (n-C14) from Aspartic Acid

Abstract The first enantiospecific synthesis of the n-C14 isomer of iturinic acid, suitably protected for peptide synthesis, is presented. A new method for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure β-amino acids from aspartic acid is used. The key step consists of an organocuprate addition to a tosylate derivative of aspartic acid, reduced at the α-carboxylic acid.
Synthesis and comparison of N-fluorobis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]imides with different perfluoroalkyl groups

Abstract N -fluorobis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]imides, CF 3 SO 2 N(F)SO 2 R f (R f ′=C 4 F 9 , C 6 F 13 , C 8 F 17 ) and (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ) 2 NF, were prepared by direct fluorination of corresponding N–H compounds using elemental fluorine without a solvent in good to excellent yields. All of these N–F compounds are electrophilic fluorination agents and can easily deliver “F + ” to certain molecules. Their reactions with aromatic rings, beta-diketones, and alkenes were investigated to compare their fluorination power.
The Distribution of Silicate Strength in Spitzer Spectra of AGNs and ULIRGs

A sample of 196 AGNs and ULIRGs observed by the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on Spitzer is analyzed to study the distribution of the strength of the 9.7 μm silicate feature. Average spectra are derived for quasars, Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 AGNs, and ULIRGs. We find that quasars are characterized by silicate features in emission and Seyfert 1s equally by emission or weak absorption. Seyfert 2s are dominated by weak silicate absorption, and ULIRGs are characterized by strong silicate absorption (mean apparent optical depth about 1.5). Luminosity distributions show that luminosities at rest frame 5.5 μm are similar for the most luminous quasars and ULIRGs and are almost 105 times more luminous than the least luminous AGN in the sample. The distributions of spectral characteristics and luminosities are compared to those of optically faint infrared sources at z ~ 2 being discovered by the IRS, which are also characterized by strong silicate absorption. It is found that local ULIRGs are a similar population, although they have lower luminosities and somewhat stronger absorption compared to the high-redshift sources.
Monte Carlo simulations of CASSINI/LEMMS

Abstract In an effort to characterize the response of the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS) on the CASSINI spacecraft to energetic ions and electrons we have taken advantage of the excellent pre-launch beam calibrations in comparison to an extensive series of electron and ion Monte Carlo simulations. We selected the geometry and tracking toolkit to provide the framework for the instrument modeling and simulation environment. The results from these simulations match very well with the data collected during the instrument calibration. This gives us confidence that this simulation toolkit handles both electron and ion interactions in a reasonable fashion and that we can successfully apply this tool to regions of the spectrum where calibration data is not available.
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS PAIRS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY. II. EVIDENCE FOR TIDALLY ENHANCED STAR FORMATION AND BLACK HOLE ACCRETION

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are occasionally seen in pairs, suggesting that tidal encounters are responsible for the accretion of material by both central supermassive black holes (BHs). In Paper I of this series, we selected a sample of AGN pairs with projected separations r{sub p} < 100 h{sup -1}{sub 70} kpc and velocity offsets <600 km s{sup -1} from the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and quantified their frequency. In this paper, we address the BH accretion and recent star formation properties in their host galaxies. AGN pairs experience stronger BH accretion, as measured by their [O III] {lambda}5007 luminosities (corrected for contribution from star formation) and Eddington ratios, than do control samples of single AGNs matched in redshift and host-galaxy stellar mass. Their host galaxies have stronger post-starburst activity and younger mean stellar ages, as indicated by stronger H{delta} absorption and smaller 4000 A break in their spectra. The BH accretion and recent star formation in the host galaxies both increase with decreasing projected separation in AGN pairs, for r{sub p} {approx}< 10-30 h{sup -1}{sub 70} kpc. The intensity of BH accretion, the post-starburst strength, and the mean stellar ages are correlated between the twomore » AGNs in a pair. The luminosities and Eddington ratios of AGN pairs are correlated with recent star formation in their host galaxies, with a scaling relation consistent with that observed in single AGNs. Our results suggest that galaxy tidal interactions enhance both BH accretion and host-galaxy star formation in close AGN pairs, even though the majority of low-redshift AGNs are not coincident with on-going interactions.« less
Stopping power for strong beam–plasma coupling

A model for the stopping power for strong beam-plasma coupling is presented. The model calculates the stopping power through a T-matrix approach which correctly describes close binary collisions. A velocity-dependent screening length is used in the beam particle-plasma electron interaction to include dynamic screening effects. The model has the correct limiting behavior for low and high beam particle velocities and agrees well with simulation data up to very high coupling strengths. Compared to other theories, which include strong correlations and/or dynamic screening only approximately, a smaller energy loss has been found; this leads to a considerably longer stopping range.
Complexified boost invariance and holographic heavy ion collisions

At strong coupling holographic studies have shown that heavy ion collisions do not obey normal boost invariance. Here we study a modified boost invariance through a complex shift in time, and show that this leads to surprisingly good agreement with numerical holographic computations. When including perturbations the agreement becomes even better, both in the hydrodynamic and the far-from-equilibrium regime. One of the main advantages is an analytic formulation of the stress-energy tensor of the longitudinal dynamics of holographic heavy ion collisions.
Broadband absorption engineering of hyperbolic metafilm patterns

Perfect absorbers are important optical/thermal components required by a variety of applications, including photon/thermal-harvesting, thermal energy recycling, and vacuum heat liberation. While there is great interest in achieving highly absorptive materials exhibiting large broadband absorption using optically thick, micro-structured materials, it is still challenging to realize ultra-compact subwavelength absorber for on-chip optical/thermal energy applications. Here we report the experimental realization of an on-chip broadband super absorber structure based on hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide taper array with strong and tunable absorption profile from near-infrared to mid-infrared spectral region. The ability to efficiently produce broadband, highly confined and localized optical fields on a chip is expected to create new regimes of optical/thermal physics, which holds promise for impacting a broad range of energy technologies ranging from photovoltaics, to thin-film thermal absorbers/emitters, to optical-chemical energy harvesting.
The stochastic dynamics of micron and nanoscale elastic cantilevers in fluid: fluctuations from dissipation

The stochastic dynamics of micron and nanoscale cantilevers immersed in a viscous fluid are quantified. Analytical results are presented for long slender cantilevers driven by Brownian noise. The spectral density of the noise force is not assumed to be white and the frequency dependence of the noise force is determined from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The analytical results are shown to be useful for the micron scale cantilevers that are commonly used in atomic force microscopy. A general thermodynamic approach is developed that is valid for cantilevers of arbitrary geometry as well as for arrays of multiple cantilevers whose stochastic motion is coupled through the fluid. It is shown that the fluctuation-dissipation theorem permits the calculation of stochastic quantities via straightforward deterministic methods. The thermodynamic approach is used with deterministic finite element numerical simulations to quantify the auto-correlation and noise spectrum of cantilever fluctuations for a single micron scale cantilever and the cross-correlations and noise spectra of fluctuations for an array of two experimentally motivated nanoscale cantilevers as a function of cantilever separation. The results are used to quantify the noise reduction possible using correlated measurements with two closely spaced nanoscale cantilevers.
Electron properties of carbon nanotubes in a periodic potential

A periodic potential applied to a nanotube is shown to lock electrons into incompressible states that can form a devil's staircase. Electron interactions result in spectral gaps when the electron density (relative to a half-filled carbon $\ensuremath{\pi}$ band) is a rational number per potential period, in contrast to the single-particle case where only the integer-density gaps are allowed. When electrons are weakly bound to the potential, incompressible states arise due to Bragg diffraction in the Luttinger liquid. Charge gaps are enhanced due to quantum fluctuations, whereas neutral excitations are governed by an effective $\mathrm{SU}(4)\ensuremath{\simeq}\mathrm{O}(6)$ Gross-Neveu Lagrangian. In the opposite limit of the tightly bound electrons, effects of exchange are unimportant, and the system behaves as a single fermion mode that represents a Wigner crystal pinned by the external potential, with the gaps dominated by the Coulomb repulsion. The phase diagram is drawn using the effective spinless Dirac Hamiltonian derived in this limit. Incompressible states can be detected in the adiabatic transport setup realized by a slowly moving potential wave, with electron interactions providing the possibility of pumping of a fraction of an electron per cycle (equivalently, in pumping at a fraction of the base frequency).
Superconducting magnetic energy storage

Abstract After a brief review of the reasons for and forms of secondary energy storage and of the elements and history of inductive or magnetic storage, we discuss the four distinct areas in which superconducting magnetic energy storage can be applied. Differences in energy transfer times place different requirements on the storage coil, on the switch or transfer element, and on the energy losses in the superconductor. We report on designs and experiments in one of these areas with 2 to 300 kJ units, and on the analysis and plans for an installation that is to provide 250 MJ of plasma compression energy for the theta-pinch controlled thermonuclear fusion test reactor. We point out those elements of inductive storage that need further development before a theta-pinch fusion reactor can become economically competitive. Finally, we compare the size and costs of the energy storage components of these systems with similar and with larger inductive storage systems that are to interact reversibly with electric utility networks.
First-principles theory of cation and intercalation ordering in LixCoO2

Several types of cation- and vacancy-ordering are of interest in the Li x CoO 2 battery cathode material since they can have a profound effect on the battery voltage. We present a first-principles theoretical approach which can be used to calculate both cation- and vacancy-ordering patterns at both zero and finite temperatures. This theory also provides quantum-mechanical predictions (i.e., without the use of any experimental input) of battery voltages of both ordered and disordered Li x CoO 2 /Li cells from the energetics of the Li intercalation reactions. Our calculations allow us to search the entire configurational space to predict the lowest-energy ground-state structures, search for large voltage cathodes, explore metastable low-energy states, and extend our calculations to finite temperatures, thereby searching for order-disorder transitions and states of partial disorder. We present the first prediction of the stable spinel structure LiCo 2 O 4 for the 50% delithiated Li 0.5 CoO 2 .
An X-Ray Atlas of Groups of Galaxies

A search was conducted for a hot intragroup medium in 10(exp 9) low-redshift galaxy groups observed with the ROSAT PSPC. Evidence for diffuse, extended X-ray emission is found in at least 61 groups. Approximately one-third of these detections have not been previously reported in the literature. Most of the groups are detected out to less than half of the virial radius with ROSAT. Although some spiral-rich groups do contain an intragroup medium, diffuse emission is restricted to groups that contain at least one early-type galaxy.
Three Methods to Share Joint Costs or Surplus

Abstract We study cost sharing methods with variable demands of heterogeneous goods, additive in the cost function and meeting the dummy axiom. We consider four axioms: scale invariance (SI); demand monotonicity (DM); upper bound for homogeneous goods (UBH) placing a natural cap on cost shares when goods are homogeneous; average cost pricing for homogeneous goods (ACPH). The random order values based on stand alone costs are characterized by SI and DM. Serial costsharing, by DM and UB; the Aumann–Shapley pricing method, by SI and ACPH. No other combination of the four axioms is compatible with additivity and dummy. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C71, D62, D63
Cycles with undistinguished actions and extended Rock–Paper–Scissors games

Abstract This paper examines zero-sum games that are based on a cyclic preference relation defined over undistinguished actions. For each of these games, the set of Nash equilibria is characterized. When the number of actions is odd, a unique Nash equilibrium is always obtained. On the other hand, in the case of an even number of actions, every such game exhibits an infinite number of Nash equilibria. Our results give some insights as to the robustness of Nash equilibria with respect to perturbations of the action set.
Universal hashing and authentication codes

In this paper, we study the application of universal hashing to the construction of unconditionally secure authentication codes without secrecy. This idea is most useful when the number of authenticators is exponentially small compared to the number of possible source states (plaintext messages). We formally define some new classes of hash functions and then prove some new bounds and give some general constructions for these classes of hash functions. Then we discuss the implications to authentication codes.
Incorporation of substitutionally labile [VIII(CN) 6]3- into Prussian blue type magnetic materials

A Prussian blue (PB) type material containing hexacyanovanadate(III), Mn(II)1.5[V(III)(CN)6].(0.30)MeCN (1), was formed from the reaction of [V(III)(CN)6](3-) with [Mn(NCMe)6](2+) in MeCN. This new material exhibits ferrimagnetic spin- or cluster-glass behavior below a Tc of 12K with observed magnetic hysteresis at 2 K (Hcr = 65 Oe and Mrem = 730 emu.Oe/mol). Reactions of [V(III)(CN)6](3-) with [M(II)(NCMe)6](2+) (M = Fe, Co, Ni) in MeCN lead to either partial (M = Co) or complete (M = Fe, Ni) linkage isomerization, resulting in compounds of Fe(II)(0.5)V(III)[Fe(II)(CN)6].(0.85)MeCN (2), (NEt4)(0.10)Co(II)(1.5- a)V(II)a[Co(III)(CN)6]a [V(III)(CN)6](1-a)(BF4)(0.10).(0.35)MeCN (3), and (NEt4)(0.20)V(III)[Ni(II)(CN)4](1.6).(0.10)MeCN (4) compositions. Compounds 2-4 do not magnetically order as a consequence of diamagnetic cyanometalate anions being present, i.e., [Fe(II)(CN)6](4-), [Co(III)(CN)6](3-), and [Ni(II)(CN)4](2-). Incorporation of [V(III)(CN)6](3-) into PB-type materials is synthetically challenging because of the lability of the cyanovanadate(III) anion.
Impact–induced phase transitions in thermoelastic solids

A continuum model of the macroscopic behaviour of solids capable of undergoing displacive phase transitions is applied to determine the response of such materials to mechanical loading by impact. The solid is modelled using one–dimensional finite thermoelasticity, and the model incorporates both a kinetic relation and a nucleation criterion controlling the evolution and initiation of the phase transition, respectively.
The genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of Calabi-Yau complete intersections

We obtain mirror formulas for the genus 1 Gromov-Witten invariants of projective Calabi-Yau complete intersections. We follow the approach previously used for projective hypersurfaces by extending the scope of its algebraic results; there is little change in the geometric aspects. As an application, we check the genus 1 BPS integrality predictions in low degrees for all projective complete intersections of dimensions 3, 4, and 5.
Design of Three-Dimensional Hypersonic Inlets with Rectangular-to-Elliptical Shape Transition

A methodology has been devised for the design of three-dimensional hypersonic Inlets, This methodology makes extensive use of inviscid stream-tracing techniques to generate an inlet with smooth shape transition from a rectangular-like capture to an elliptical throat. Highly swept leading edges and a significantly notched cowl enable use of these inlets in fixed geometry configurations. The design procedure includes a three-dimensional viscous correction and uses established correlations to check for boundary-layer separation caused by shock wave interactions. Complete details of the design procedure are presented and the characteristics of a modular inlet with a design point of Mach 6.0 are examined. Comparison with a classical two-dimensional inlet optimized for maximum total pressure recovery indicates that these three-dimensional inlets demonstrate good inviscid performance even when operating well below the design point. An estimate of the on-design viscous performance corresponds with that of an efficient inlet for scramjet applications.
S matrices for perturbed N=2 superconformal field theory from quantum groups

S-matrices for integrable perturbations of N = 2 superconformal field theories are studied. The models we consider correspond to perturbations of the coset theory Gk×Hg−hHk+g−h. The perturbed models are closely related to Ĝ-affine Toda theories with a background charge tuned to H. Using the quantum group restriction of the affine Toda theories we derive the S-matrix.
Estimating englacial radar attenuation using depth profiles of the returned power, central West Antarctica

[1] We analyzed depth patterns of geometrically corrected returned power Pc from within the ice of central West Antarctica to develop a proxy for englacial radar attenuation. The depth patterns of [Pc]dB (Pc in the decibel scale) at individual sites were first approximated with least squares vertical gradients of the local mean [Pc]dB for five depth ranges. Variations of these gradients along radar tracks show identifiable trends but have local anomalous features over distances less than ∼5–10 km that are caused by smaller reflection from tilted internal layers above steep beds and other factors. Consequently, extraction of an attenuation proxy from the returned power requires mitigation of reflectivity variations. Next, returned power was synthesized only from bright layers assembled over distances much wider than the local anomalous features. Individual data ensembles show a clear upper (not lower) cutoff in [Pc]dB. The cutoff power decreases with depth linearly between ∼500 and ∼1600 m, which defines the upper envelope gradient. With the aid of attenuation and reflectivity modeling, we concluded that the upper envelope gradient can be an attenuation proxy in the isothermal ice that is expected in the upper half or more of central West Antarctica. The estimated attenuation rate in the upper ∼1600 m varies 5 dB km−1 (one way), equivalent to lateral temperature variations of about 2°C or chemistry variations of up to a factor of 2. This range indicates that the attenuation variations can significantly affect delineation of bed wetness on the basis of contrasts in power returned from the bed.
Lipschitz Flow-box Theorem

Abstract A generalization of the Flow-box Theorem is proven. The assumption of a C 1 vector field f is relaxed to the condition that f be locally Lipschitz continuous. The theorem holds in any Banach space.
Diversity-based inference of finite automata

We present new procedures for inferring the structure of a finite-state automaton (FSA) from its input/output behavior, using access to the automaton to perform experiments.Our procedures use a new representation for finite automata, based on the notion of equivalence between tests. We call the number of such equivalence classes the diversity of the automaton; the diversity may be as small as the logarithm of the number of states of the automaton. For the special class of permutation automata, we describe an inference procedure that runs in time polynomial in the diversity and log(1/d), where d is a given upper bound on the probability that our procedure returns an incorrect result. (Since our procedure uses randomization to perform experiments, there is a certain controllable chance that it will return an erroneous result.) We also discuss techniques for handling more general automata.We present evidence for the practical efficiency of our approach. For example, our procedure is able to infer the structure of an automaton based on Rubik's Cube (which has approximately 1019 states) in about 2 minutes on a DEC MicroVax. This automaton is many orders of magnitude larger than possible with previous techniques, which would require time proportional at least to the number of global states. (Note that in this example, only a small fraction (10-14) of the global states were even visited.)Finally, we present a new procedure for inferring automata of a special type in which the global state is composed of a vector of binary local state variables, all of which are observable (or visible) to the experimenter. Our inference procedure runs provably in time polynomial in the size of this vector (which happens to be the diversity of the automaton), even though the global state space may be exponentially larger. The procedure plans and executes experiments on the unknown automaton; we show that the number of input symbols given to the automaton during this process is (to within a constant factor) the best possible.