cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategic Default Behavior and Attitudes among Low-Income Homeowners

Using data from the Community Advantage Program, I examine the incidence and drivers of strategic default behavior and attitudes among low-income homeowners. I find that most low-income mortgage defaults are not strategic and that low-income homeowners are less likely than others to engage in strategic default, despite the fact that they express similar beliefs about the morality and prevalence of strategic default and a greater willingness to walk away from an underwater mortgage. The most salient predictors of strategic default behavior and attitudes for the low-income population are household income, the mortgage interest rate, geographic location, the year of loan origination, and the loan servicer. Of these, geography has the greatest impact. Beliefs about the morality of strategic default are also strongly related to an expressed willingness to default strategically. I infer that survey measures may be an imprecise way to measure the true strategic default propensity of the low-income population.
Founders and joiners

![][1] ILLUSTRATION: DAVIDE BONAZZI Most efforts to promote technology entrepreneurship, such as courses and incubators, focus on potential founders of startup companies. Yet the vast majority of scientists and engineers contribute to entrepreneurship as “joiners”—employees who join founders in their efforts to start companies. We investigated individuals' entrepreneurial interests through a survey of nearly 4200 science and engineering Ph.D. candidates at tier 1 U.S. research universities ([ 1 ][2]), focusing on three questions: How prevalent are interests in joining a startup as an employee versus being a founder? How are joiners different from founders? How do contextual factors shape different entrepreneurial interests? Among the Ph.D.'s surveyed, 46% were interested in joining a startup as an employee, whereas 11% expected to one day start their own company. Compared with Ph.D.'s interested in careers in established firms, founders and joiners share similar preferences for an entrepreneurial work setting, such as a desire for greater autonomy, tolerance for risk, and a desire to commercialize technologies. However, founders are significantly more risk tolerant and have a stronger interest in management, whereas joiners are more interested in functional work activities such as research and development (RD blanket efforts, such as mandated entrepreneurship training, are likely to be inefficient. Programs should also prepare scientists and engineers for a variety of entrepreneurial roles—joiners as well as founders. 1. [↵][3]1. M. Roach, 2. H. Sauermann , Manage. Sci., 10.1287/mnsc.2014.2100 (2015). doi:10.1287/mnsc.2014.2100 [OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DManage.%2BSci.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1287%252Fmnsc.2014.2100%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1287/mnsc.2014.2100&link_type=DOI
On the Recovery Factor for Hypersonic Flow with a Self-Induced Pressure Gradient

Physical quantities are denoted by an asterisk, whereas the corresponding nondimensional quantities are unstarred. The subscript <» denotes values in the undisturbed free stream far from the body, and the subscript 5 denotes values at the edge of the boundary layer. The undisturbed freestream values at infinity are the characteristic measures for all nondimensional quantities. The characteristic length measure is L* (e.g., the length of the body).
Clitic doubling and differential object marking: A study in diachronic construction grammar

This work follows the progression of a grammatical construction that unifies the Romanian accusative preposition pe with a coreferential pronominal clitic, together forming the cd-pe construction. On the basis of historical texts, it is argued that these two grammatical phenomena evolved into a clause-level construction with a dedicated semantics and pragmatics in the modern language. A corpus analysis illustrates how cd-pe won out against a competitor pe-only construction that persisted until as recently as the early 20th century, and which is still retained in some dialects and registers. The broader scope is to refocus the discussion of clitic doubling on pragmatic motivators in light of diachronic constructionalization processes, and to reflect on the nature of similar clitic doubling phenomena evident in other Romance languages in terms of the entrenchment of language-specific constructionalization processes.
Assessment of Softness Properties of Feathers

An instrument to be called the "Crimp Meter" was designed and used with a conventional balance to enable the plotting of a force-displacement curve for individual feathers. A comparison of the curves described by different feathers was made by regression analysis. The type of curve described by a feather is characteristic of its tensile properties and its degree of softness. This procedure was employed to objectively confirm the observation that chicks fed toxic levels of methionine (1.45% added) in corn-soybean diets had significantly softer (P less than .001) feathers than those fed nontoxic levels of cysteine (.203% added). The basal diet was analyzed and found to contain .35% methionine and .37% cystine. This device had potential for the down-feather, wool, and fabric industries.
Approaches to Staffing the Presidency: Notes on FDR and JFK*

It has been a quarter century since the President's Committee on Administration Management, chaired by Louis Brownlow, blessed by Franklin Roosevelt, heralded a major innovation in our constitutional arrangements: substantial staffing for the Presidency distinct from other parts of the executive establishment —in Edward Corwin's phrase an “Institutionalized Presidency.” The Executive Office, which throughout our prior history had been essentially a “private office” in the English sense, was to become a “President's Department.” So it did. Presidential agencies have filled the building which in 1937 housed the State Department (and in 1913 had housed War and Navy, too). Presidential aides outrank in all but protocol the heads of most executive departments.We date this development from Brownlow's Report. In the sphere of presidential staffing, its proposals for the most part were put into practice with promptness and fidelity. And practice, for the most part, has been kind to the proposals, has sustained—indeed has vindicated—key ideas behind them. What a rare experience for an advisory report! It gives the work of the Committee special standing which we properly acknowledge as we meet professionally in 1963, the Silver Anniversary of their devoted service to the country and to our profession.
Transitional Blowoff Behavior of Wake-Stabilized Flames in Vitiated Flow

The flame holding and blowoff characteristics of bluff body stabilized premixed flames were studied in a rectangular duct with a triangular flame holder in the midspan of the duct cross section. Lean blowoff was first investigated at unvitiated and uniformly mixed flow conditions in order to characterize the baseline flame behavior and compare it with data from the literature. The lean blowoff margin was then characterized with upstream air vitiated at equivalence ratios of 0.15 and 0.33, without and with cooling, respectively. Further studies were performed with non-uniform fuel profiles (rich or lean in the center or asymmetric), thus imposing single and double fuel gradients near the flame holder. Fuel profiles were characterized using laser induced acetone fluorescence. Transitional blowoff behavior was documented with measurements of CH chemiluminescence emissions from the wake as well as high-speed imaging of flame dynamics. Simultaneous PIV and OH PLIF measurements were taken at transitional fuel-air ratios to capture flame edge and aerodynamic behavior as blowoff was approached to determine the driving mechanisms of final blow off. Post processing of the flame images and flow field revealed the interaction between the velocity field and flame sheet.
Acute Exposure to Crystalline Silica Reduces Macrophage Activation in Response to Bacterial Lipoproteins

Numerous studies have examined the relationship between alveolar macrophages (AM) and crystalline silica (SiO2) using in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity models; however, exactly how exposure to SiO2 alters the functionality of AM and the potential consequences for immunity to respiratory pathogens remains largely unknown. Because recognition and clearance of inhaled particulates and microbes is largely mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on the surface of AM, we hypothesized that exposure to SiO2 limits the ability of AM to respond to bacterial challenge by altering PRR expression. Alveolar and bone marrow-derived macrophages downregulate TLR2 expression following acute SiO2 exposure (e.g. 4 hours). Interestingly, these responses were dependent upon interactions between SiO2 and the class A scavenger receptor CD204, but not MARCO. Furthermore, SiO2 exposure decreased uptake of fluorescently labeled Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4, resulting in reduced secretion of IL-1β, but not IL-6. Collectively, our data suggest that SiO2 exposure alters AM phenotype, which in turn affects their ability to uptake and respond to bacterial lipoproteins.
Claim Your Space Leadership Development as a Research Capacity Building Goal in Global Health

As the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) rises in settings with an equally high burden of infectious diseases in the Global South, a new sense of urgency has developed around research capacity building to promote more effective and sustainable public health and health care systems. In 2010, NCDs accounted for more than 2.06 million deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Available evidence suggests that the number of people in sub-Saharan Africa with hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, will increase by 68% from 75 million in 2008 to 126 million in 2025. Furthermore, about 27.5 million people currently live with diabetes in Africa, and it is estimated that 49.7 million people living with diabetes will reside in Africa by 2030. It is therefore necessary to centralize leadership as a key aspect of research capacity building and strengthening in the Global South in ways that enables researchers to claim their spaces in their own locations. We believe that building capacity for transformative leadership in research will lead to the development of effective and appropriate responses to the multiple burdens of NCDs that coexist with infectious diseases in Africa and the rest of the Global South.
Research on the effect of electrode pressure on the quality of spot welding of car body in white

On account of the electrode pressure,which is an important parameter of the heat input of resistance spot welding,and it is also the main reason which result in unstable welding heat. In this paper the cyclic process of the resistance spot welding has been analyzed in details,and has reached to the conclusion that the unreasonable selection of electrode pressure parameters at each stage would immediately lead to different defects in the welding spots of BIW. And the claim is made that the selection of electrode pressure of welding spots of BIW should not only follow the welding parameter selection criteria,but also adjust the electrode pressure on the basis of the material of the body itself,the structure and the connector type. In addition,it should combine that with welding current,welding time and hold time and many other parameters. In that way the quality of welding spot of BIW could be guaranteed to meet the requirements.
Response of collateral-dependent myocardium to vasopressin release during prolonged intense exercise

We hypothesized that vasopressin concentrations during exercise attenuate the increase in collateral-dependent blood flow leading to left ventricular dysfunction in Ameroid-occluded miniswine. An Ameroid occluder was placed around the proximal left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) of 19 miniswine. Ten weeks later V1 receptor blockade with the use of [d(CH2)5Tyr-(Me)]arginine vasopressin (10-12 micrograms/kg iv) increased resting transmural flow (radioactive microspheres) in the LCX region, indicating the presence of V1 receptors. Neither injection of lysine vasopressin (125 pmol/kg) after V1 receptor blockade nor injection of two specific V2 receptor agonists caused changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or left anterior descending coronary arterial flow velocity, indicating that V2 receptors mediate no appreciable vasodilation in the swine coronary circulation. Next the ratio of collateral to noncollateral flow and regional systolic wall thickening (sonomicrometer dimension gauges) were measured at rest and after 20 min of prolonged, intense treadmill exercise (85-90% of heart rate reserve) in the presence and absence of V1 receptor antagonism. This degree of exertion increased plasma lysine vasopressin from 6.2 +/- 1.0 at rest to 21.0 +/- 7.0 pg/ml (P < 0.05) during the unblocked run. However, the decrease in transmural blood flow ratio (collateral to noncollateral flow) from rest was similar during exercise before and after V1 receptor blockade (0.78 +/- 0.07 and 0.80 +/- 0.05, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. rest). Likewise, percent systolic wall thickening in the collateral-dependent region decreased from rest to exercise in the absence and presence of V1 receptor antagonism (35.9 +/- 4.5 and 39.5 +/- 3.8%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. rest).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE ACTION OF POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID ON 2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOLS AND SOME OF THEIR CARBONATE, SULPHITE AND 1,3-DIOXANE DERIVATIVES

The 2-nitro-1,3-propanediol derivatives were found to react readily with polyphosphoric acid (PPA) at 70–90° to give the corresponding 1,3-dioxane derivatives. The yield may be considerably increased when trioxane is added to the reaction mixture. At elevated temperatures, the acrolein derivatives are formed from nitrodiols, their carbonates or 1,3-dioxanes in good yield. New preparative methods for 5-nitro-1,3-dioxanes and substituted acroleins are given.
Abstract 2067: Attacking prostate cancer with a prodrug-doped cellular Trojan horse

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men. Despite considerable advances in prostate cancer research, there is a major need for a systemic delivery platform that efficiently targets anti-cancer drugs to sites of disseminated prostate cancer while minimizing host toxicity. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are excellent candidates for cell-based drug delivery since they display tropism towards cancer sites and clinical studies have demonstrated that hundreds of millions of allogeneic human MSCs can be safely administered intravenously without adverse effects in a variety of pathological settings. Furthermore, we have previously documented that MSCs can be detected in radical prostatectomy tissue from men with prostate cancer. In this proof-of-concept study, human MSCs were loaded with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) encapsulating the macromolecule G114, a thapsigargin-based prostate specific antigen (PSA)-activated prodrug. G114-loaded MPs were successfully internalized by MSCs without impacting MSC viability, followed by sustained release of G114 as an intact prodrug from loaded cells. Moreover, G114 released from G114 MP-loaded MSCs is selectively toxic to the PSA-secreting prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. Finally, G114 MP-loaded MSCs inhibited tumor growth when co-inoculated with CWR22 prostate cancer xenografts, suggesting that cell-based delivery of G114 does not compromise potency of the prodrug in vitro or in vivo. We envision that this MSC-based platform may be developed into an effective, systemic ‘Trojan Horse’ therapy for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to sites of metastatic prostate cancer. Citation Format: Nathaniel Brennen, Oren Levy, Edward Han, David Marc Rosen, Juliet Musabeyezu, Helia Safaee, Sudhir Ranganath, Jessica Ngai, Martina Heinelt, Sandrine Billett, Neil Bhowmick, Samuel Denmeade, Jeffrey Karp, John Isaacs. Attacking prostate cancer with a prodrug-doped cellular Trojan horse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2067.
Efficient Approximate Substring Matching in Compressed String

The idea of LZ77 self-index has been proposed for repetitive text in compressed forms. Existing methods of approximate string matching based on LZ77 focus on space efficiency. We focus on how to efficiently search similar strings in text without decompressing the whole text. We propose RS-search algorithm to merge all the occurrences of substring efficiently to narrow down the potential region and design novel filterings to reduce the scale of candidates. The experiments show that our algorithm achieves outstanding performance and an interesting time-space trade-off in approximate matching for compressed string.
A trait stacking system via intra-genomic homologous recombination.

A gene targeting method has been developed, which allows the conversion of ‘breeding stacks’, containing unlinked transgenes into a ‘molecular stack’ and thereby circumventing the breeding challenges associated with transgene segregation. A gene targeting method has been developed for converting two unlinked trait loci into a single locus transgene stack. The method utilizes intra-genomic homologous recombination (IGHR) between stably integrated target and donor loci which share sequence homology and nuclease cleavage sites whereby the donor contains a promoterless herbicide resistance transgene. Upon crossing with a zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-expressing plant, double-strand breaks (DSB) are created in both the stably integrated target and donor loci. DSBs flanking the donor locus result in intra-genomic mobilization of a promoterless selectable marker-containing donor sequence, which can be utilized as a template for homology-directed repair of a concomitant DSB at the target locus resulting in a functional selectable marker via nuclease-mediated cassette exchange (NMCE). The method was successfully demonstrated in maize using a glyphosate tolerance gene as a donor whereby up to 3.3 % of the resulting progeny embryos cultured on selection medium regenerated plants with the donor sequence integrated into the target locus. The process could be extended to multiple cycles of trait stacking by virtue of a unique intron sequence homology for NMCE between the target and the donor loci. This is the first report that describes NMCE via IGHR, thereby enabling trait stacking using conventional crossing.
Transition from Molecular Vibrations to Phonons in Atomically Precise Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots

We use micro-Raman spectroscopy to measure the vibrational structure of the atomically precise cadmium selenide quantum dots Cd35Se20X30L30, Cd56Se35X42L42, and Cd84Se56X56L56. These quantum dots have benzoate (X) and n-butylamine (L) ligands and tetrahedral (Td) shape with edges that range from 1.7 to 2.6 nm in length. Investigating this previously unexplored size regime allows us to identify the transition from molecular vibrations to bulk phonons in cadmium selenide quantum dots for the first time. Room-temperature Raman spectra have broad CdSe peaks at 175 and 200 cm–1. Density functional theory calculations assign these peaks to molecular surface and interior vibrational modes, respectively, and show that the interior, surface, and ligand atom motion is strongly coupled. The interior peak intensity increases relative to the surface peak as the cluster size increases due to the relative increase in the polarizability of interior modes with quantum dot size. The Raman spectra do not change with tempera...
Closing the Reading Gap with Virtual Maze Environments

The purpose of the proposed project is to develop and validate a virtual Hebb-Williams (vHW) maze task for use as a low-cost, time-efficient, and easy-to-use assessment for the early detection of children at risk for reading impairment. The vHW maze offers the potential to serve as a reliable, non-language based predictor of reading difficulty, which can improve early identification and intervention efforts. Unlike current screening measures of reading impairment, the vHW maze could be administered in the classroom, with a fully integrated analytical system. With the successful attainment of this project, the vHW maze task will fill important gaps in early identification screeners by examining a broader range of cognitive processes associated with reading and enhancing our understanding of factors underlying reading impairment. This paper comprises the proposed work and significance while highlighting previous findings related to reading impairments and virtual maze environments.
Use of Over-the-Counter Drugs in Migraine

Migraine is a prevalent condition worldwide. It has far-reaching individual and societal economic impact. Almost all migraineurs (95%) take medications for headache relief and the majority use over-the-counter (OTC) medications. OTC drugs are readily accessible, affordable and effective. These medications are commonly used without the advice of a healthcare professional, hence the potential for negative health outcomes due to improper use. To avoid these problems and their potentially harmful consequences (e.g. toxicity, adverse effects), major efforts should be directed towards educating the public about migraine and its treatment, including the appropriate use of OTC medications.
Stacking fault energies of face-centered cubic concentrated solid solution alloys

Abstract We report the stacking fault energy (SFE) for a series of face-centered cubic ( fcc ) equiatomic concentrated solid solution alloys (CSAs) derived as subsystems from the NiCoFeCrMn and NiCoFeCrPd high entropy alloys based on ab initio calculations. At low temperatures, these CSAs display very low even negative SFEs, indicating that hexagonal close-pack ( hcp ) is more energy favorable than fcc structure. The temperature dependence of SFE for some CSAs is studied. With increasing temperature, a hcp -to- fcc transition is revealed for those CSAs with negative SFEs, which can be attributed to the role of intrinsic vibrational entropy. The analysis of the vibrational modes suggests that the vibrational entropy arises from the high frequency states in the hcp structure that originate from local vibrational mode. Our results underscore the importance of vibrational entropy in determining the temperature dependence of SFE for CSAs.
Image Restoration Using Extended Kalman Filters

Abstract Blurred and noisy images can often be represented as nonstationary two-dimensional (2-D) stochastic processes that can be modeled by a set of linear state equations with space-varying coefficients. This paper presents an algorithms based on the Extended Kaiman Filter, (EKF) for on line identification of nonhomogeneous image model parameters, spatialy varying blur models and nonlinear degradation models. Results show that although the EKF is effective for tracking the image and the so-called density to intensity transformation parameters, its utility for estimating blur model parameters is limited because the presence of only a stochastic forcing function prevents the incorporation of linearity assumptions.
Application of high-speed liquid chromatography to organic microanalysis. II

The construction of a simple, inexpensive system for high-speed liquid chromatography is described. The system consists of a microdetector based on the principle of polarography with a dropping mercury electrode, an electronic measuring circuit, a gas displacement pump, and highly efficient chromatographic columns. The operation of the system is described and tested. All components of the system are readily available or easily fabricated, and the cost, exclusive of strip-chart recorder, is approximately $ 200.
Systemic inflammation inhibits serotonin receptor 2-induced phrenic motor facilitation upstream from BDNF/TrkB signaling.

These experiments give novel insights concerning mechanisms whereby systemic inflammation undermines serotonin-dependent, spinal respiratory motor plasticity, yet enhances brain-derived neurotrophi...
A Fundamental Situation for Statistics

A central concept in the Theory of Situations is that of a Fundamental Situation. At first glance, this can appear to be simply a theoretical item, with major impact in the study of the field rather than in applications. Further examination reveals that in fact it has extreme and vital importance in the classroom and for students. The Fundamental Situations underlying the learning of different mathematical concepts are not simply tools of the researcher’s trade—they are crucial to the entire structure and use of the Theory of Situations.
Union, Autonomy, and Concern

While studying the history of the philosophy and theology of love, we frequently come across the "union theory" of love in some version or another (in the writings of Plato, Montaigne, Kant, Hegel, Paul Tillich, and Robert Nozick, among others), according to which the two lovers become one, or merged, or unified in a significant way. While studying that same history, we just as frequently come across account of love that make "robust concern" central to the essence of love – the sort of benevolent concern for the flourishing of the beloved person that Aristotle included in his philia and the Christians took to be characteristic of agape among humans. The essay argues that no theory of love can, without contradiction, join "union" together with "robust concern." The reason for this incompatibility lies in the autonomy of the loving couple. It is argued that robust concern plus autonomy is a better state of human existence than merging with another person and the loss of both autonomy and robust concern.
Printed, 1 V electrolyte-gated transistors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) operating at >10 kHz on plastic

Electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) offer low voltage operation, high transconductance, good operational stability, and low contact resistance. These characteristics derive from the massive electrochemical or double layer capacitance (∼10–100 μF/cm2) of the electrolyte layer that serves as the gate dielectric. However, electric double layer (EDL) formation at the source/electrolyte and drain/electrolyte interfaces results in significant parasitic capacitance in EGTs which degrades dynamic switching performance. Parasitic capacitance in EGTs is reduced by covering the top surfaces of the source/drain electrodes with a low-ĸ dielectric (∼0.6 nF/cm2). The low-ĸ dielectric blocks EDL formation on the electrode surfaces that are in direct contact with the gate electrolyte, reducing the parasitic capacitance by a factor of 104 and providing a route to printed P3HT EGTs on plastic operating at switching frequencies exceeding 10 kHz with 1 V supply voltages.
Abstract 1886: A novel inhibitor of eIF4F protein translation complex sensitizes DLBCL cells to BCL-2 targeted therapy

The purpose of this project is to investigate the feasibility of using small molecules targeting cap-dependent translation to sensitize B cell lymphoma cells to killing by BCL-2 inhibitors (venetoclax/ ABT-199). We hypothesized that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell survival requires cap-dependent translation, which is facilitated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-eIF4G interaction and is promoted by mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). We used the compound SBI-756, a novel inhibitor targeting the scaffolding protein eIF4G (1). SBI-756 is more potent and selective than previously reported compounds targeting the eIF4E cap-binding protein, or compounds targeting eIF4A helicase. By treating DLBCL cells (germinal center B-cell subtype) with SBI-756 (sub μM concentrations), we discovered profound synergistic induction of apoptosis when combined with venetoclax. Cell viability was reduced even more compared to mTOR kinase inhibitor (TOR-KI) treatment combination. Moreover, SBI-756 was found to reduce the viability (IC50 = 653nM) of VAL lymphoma cells lacking 4E-BP1, while VAL were insensitive to TOR-KI treatment. By using Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) we showed that SBI-756 treatment prevents eIF4E-eIF4G association in intact lymphoma cells. Dual luciferase assays validated this and indicated a dose-dependent reduction in cap-dependent translation following SBI-756 treatment. Also, Western blot analyses confirmed that SBI-756 treatment did not change mTOR substrates9 phosphorylation, indicating that the SBI-756 effect is specific to preventing the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. Furthermore, SBI-756 treatment reduced polysome formation with a corresponding increase in abundance of monosomes. Lastly, induced expression of 4E-BP1 mutant, which irreversibly binds eIF4E, sensitized DLBCL cells to venetoclax treatment to a similar extent as TOR-KI treatment. Ongoing studies will investigate: (1) The molecular mechanism by which translation inhibition by SBI-756 synergizes with venetoclax to prime DLBCL cells toward apoptosis, and (2) pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of venetoclax and SBI-756 treatment on DLBCL progression in vivo. Hence, this project highlights a novel combination for treatment of aggressive lymphomas, and establishes its efficacy using preclinical models. Reference: 1. Feng Y., et al. SBI-0640756 attenuates the growth of clinically unresponsive melanomas by disrupting the eIF4F translation initiation complex. Cancer Res 2015;75(24):OF1-8. Citation Format: Lee-or Herzog, Nancy Nguyen, Honyin Chiu, Sharmila Mallya, Ze9ev A. Ronai, David A. Fruman. A novel inhibitor of eIF4F protein translation complex sensitizes DLBCL cells to BCL-2 targeted therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1886.
Effect of Drinking Water Bottle Arrangement to Multi-Pack Vertical Compression Strength under Semi-Confinement Condition

Water bottles are sold in multi-pack of several bottles and shrink-wrapped for handling purposes. When lateral pressure is applied to a multi-pack of bottles, the pack can carry more vertical stacking strength during warehousing and transportation. In this study a rubber exercise band was used to apply lateral pressure to a pack of four 16.9-oz drinking water bottles. Under this semi-confinement condition, the pack stacking strength increased up to 19% for non-interlocking bottle arrangement. However, the lateral pressure decreased the stacking strength for interlocking bottle arrangement due to the non-uniform load-carrying distribution of the four bottles. Failure occurred in the neck and shoulder areas of these bottles. Thus, adding vertical ribs or some patterns in the neck and shoulder areas would increase their compression strength.
Author Correction: Cryovolcanic rates on Ceres revealed by topography

In the version of this Letter originally published, the unit in the right y axis label in Fig. 3 mistakenly read ‘(m yr–1)’; it has now been corrected to read ‘(m Myr–1)’.
Michelle Obama as a Political Symbol: Race, Gender, and Public Opinion toward the First Lady

Popular commentary surrounding Michelle Obama focuses on the symbolic importance of her tenure as the nation's first African American first lady. Despite these assertions, relatively few studies have examined public opinion toward Michelle Obama and the extent to which race and gender influenced public evaluations of her. Even fewer studies have examined how the intersection of race and gender influenced political attitudes toward Michelle Obama and her ability to serve as a meaningful political symbol. Using public opinion polls from 2008 to 2017 and data from the Black Women in America survey, we examine public opinion toward Michelle Obama as a function of respondents’ race, gender, and the intersection between the two. We find that African Americans were generally more favorable toward Michelle Obama than white Americans, with minimal differences between men and women. Although white women were no more likely than white men to view Michelle Obama favorably, we find that they were more likely to have information on Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” initiative. Most importantly, we find that Michelle Obama served as a unique political symbol for African American women and that her presence in politics significantly increased black women's evaluation of their race-gender group.
The Correlation Between Pediatric Intussusceptions and Celiac Disease

The most common acute abdominal disorder in the pediatric population appears as a telescoping of the bowel, resulting in either intermittent or complete obstruction. Intussusceptions transpire as t...
Abstract 4630:In vivocharacterization of the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC/ACKR1) in breast cancer tumor progression

In studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME), factors that influence immune cell infiltration are of great interest, as these populations can influence disease prognosis, and potential treatment for patients. Through in silico analysis of TCGA breast cancer (BC) cohort data, we have identified the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine/atypical chemokine receptor 1 (DARC/ACKR1) as a potential driver of immune cell infiltration in the BC TME. DARC/ACKR1 is an atypical chemokine receptor that modulates levels of chemokine both in circulation through expression on red blood cells, and participates in chemokine transcytosis in tissues through expression on both post-capillary venules of endothelial cells and epithelial cells. As chemokines establish gradients to recruit specific immune cell types, we hypothesize that the function of DARC/ACKR1 in chemokine level modulation also influences tumor-associated immune cell levels. In the TCGA BC cohort, we observe a strongly positive and significant correlation between DARC/ACKR1 expression and total number of tumor-associated leukocytes, specifically populations of B cells, T cell, monocytes and macrophages. To further characterize the role of DARC/ACKR1 in vivo, we have established a novel DARC knock-out BC transgenic mouse model to study DARC/ACKR1 in the BC TME. To develop our target experimental mice, Ackr1-/- female mice were crossed with Ackr1 +/-; C3(1)Tag +/0 to generate the target Ackr1 -/-; C3(1)Tag +/0 experimental mice. Experimental mice and the littermate controls were aged to 3.5 months, at which point they were euthanized. Blood was collected from the mice to characterize the circulating chemokine profile. Mammary glands containing tumors were fixed and paraffin embedded, followed by IHC and immunofluorescent staining for expression of DARC/ACKR1, target chemokines, immune cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. The remaining glands were dissociated, followed by fluorescent-activating cell sorting analysis (FACS) to quantify abundance of immune cells in the gland. Using these methods, we have defined the circulating chemokine profile alongside patterns of immune cell infiltration in our target DARC/ACKR1 knockout BC mice compared to littermate controls in mouse mammary tumors. Citation Format: Rachel N. Martini, Brittany D. Jenkins, Lisa A. Newman, Nancy Manley, Melissa B. Davis. In vivo characterization of the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC/ACKR1) in breast cancer tumor progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4630.
Paradoxical air embolus during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: an uncommon fatal complication.

Air embolism during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a rare but potentially fatal complication. A 66-year-old man underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and remained stable until the end of the procedure, when he was found to have mottling on his right side and became hypoxic and unresponsive. Transesophageal echocardiography showed air within the left ventricle, consistent with systemic air embolism. Mortality resulted from significant cardiac and cerebral ischemia. The literature suggests that capnography is helpful in early diagnosis of air embolus, but it could not be used in this case because the patient’s trachea was not intubated.
The Impact of Minority Stress and Social Support on Positive Relationship Functioning in Same-Sex Relationships.

The Institute of Medicine has called for an increase in efforts to investigate the understudied area of LGBTQ health and relationships. This study furthers the research by illuminating social suppo...
Differences in health-related quality of life by implant strategy: Analyses from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support.

BACKGROUND Midterm change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant strategy is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine HRQOL by pre-operative implant strategy from before to 2 years after surgery. METHODS Adult patients in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support were stratified into 3 groups based on pre-implant device strategy: destination therapy (DT) (n = 2,901), bridge to transplant (BTT) (n = 2,209), and bridge to candidacy (BTC) (n = 3,076). HRQOL data were collected before and 2 years after surgery using the generic EQ-5D-3L survey and heart failure–specific Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-12). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, analysis of variance, paired t-tests, and general linear random effects models. RESULTS Between April 1, 2008 and June 30, 2013, 4,422 patients and 1,660 patients (majority males and ≥50 years) who received primary continuous flow LVADs completed baseline EQ-5D-3L and KCCQ-12 questionnaires, respectively, whereas 1,615 and 1,408 patients completed EQ-5D-3L and KCCQ-12 questionnaires at 2 years, respectively. Although paired t-tests and general linear random effects models showed that both heart failure–specific and generic HRQOL improved for all groups across time (p-values CONCLUSIONS Using generic and heart failure–specific instruments, overall HRQOL generally improved from before to 2 years after mechanical circulatory support implant regardless of implant strategy, although important domain-specific differences by group were identified.
First measurements of the inclined boron layer thermal-neutron detector for reflectometry

A prototype detector based on the inclined absorber layer principle is introduced. For the Liquids Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source, it is shown to be a significant improvement over its current detector, which imposes an instantaneous count rate limitation of 50 kcps.
PBPK modeling of CYP3A and P-gp substrates to predict drug–drug interactions in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGBS) is an effective surgical intervention to reduce mortality in morbidly obese patients. Following RYGBS, the disposition of drugs may be affected by anatomical alterations and changes in intestinal and hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to better understand the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of CYP3A and P-gp inhibitors. The impacts of RYGBS on the absorption and metabolism of midazolam, acetaminophen, digoxin, and their major metabolites were simulated using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. PBPK models for verapamil and posaconazole were built to evaluate CYP3A- and P-gp-mediated DDIs pre- and post-RYGBS. The simulations suggest that for highly soluble drugs, such as verapamil, the predicted bioavailability was comparable pre- and post-RYGBS. For verapamil inhibition, RYGBS did not affect the fold-change of the predicted inhibited-to-control plasma AUC ratio or predicted inhibited-to-control peak plasma concentration ratio for either midazolam or digoxin. In contrast, the predicted bioavailability of posaconazole, a poorly soluble drug, decreased from 12% pre-RYGBS to 5% post-RYGBS. Compared to control, the predicted posaconazole-inhibited midazolam plasma AUC increased by 2.0-fold pre-RYGBS, but only increased by 1.6-fold post-RYGBS. A similar trend was predicted for pre- and post-RYGBS inhibited-to-control midazolam peak plasma concentration ratios (2.0- and 1.6-fold, respectively) following posaconazole inhibition. Absorption of highly soluble drugs was more rapid post-RYGBS, resulting in higher predicted midazolam peak plasma concentrations, which was further increased following inhibition by verapamil or posaconazole. To reduce the risk of a drug-drug interaction in patients post-RYGBS, the dose or frequency of object drugs may need to be decreased when administered with highly soluble inhibitor drugs, especially if toxicities are associated with plasma peak concentrations.
Chapter VI: On the Natural Relations Between Europe and the Río de la Plata

This chapter discusses the relations between the Confederation, and France and England, as well as the reasons for the interference of those European powers in the internal affairs of Argentina and Uruguay. For Sarmiento, the primary interests of Europe in Latin America are commercial, “since Europe wants to sell the greatest number of goods possible in America and export the greatest quantity possible of American products.” The second motivation for their interference is to defend the interests of their citizens. He calls for European immigration to the region so that they may share with Argentines “their arts, their industries, their activity, and their work ethic.” He ends the chapter by criticizing once again the Commissioner of Foreign Affairs.
A Concern Analysis of Federal Reserve Statements: The Great Recession vs. The COVID-19 Pandemic

It is important and informative to compare and contrast major economic crises in order to confront novel and unknown cases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2006 Great Recession and then the 2019 pandemic have a lot to share in terms of unemployment rate, consumption expenditures, and interest rates set by Federal Reserve. In addition to quantitative historical data, it is also interesting to compare the contents of Federal Reserve statements for the period of these two crises and find out whether Federal Reserve cares about similar concerns or there are some other issues that demand separate and unique monetary policies. This paper conducts an analysis to explore the Federal Reserve concerns as expressed in their statements for the period of 2005 to 2020. The concern analysis is performed using natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and a trend analysis of concern is also presented. We observe that there are some similarities between the Federal Reserve statements issued during the Great Recession with those issued for the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic.
Fe Doping in LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 by Atomic Layer Deposition Followed by Annealing: Depths and Occupation Sites

The development of high-voltage cathodes is very important to meet the pursuit of high energy and power density for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO), as one of the most ...
More than just a walk through: Connect library users to resources with new 360 tools

New embedding and hyperlinking features of 360 tours have the potential to significantly impact how users access information and library services. This article examines current uses, benefits, and ...
SOC-i: A CubeSat Demonstration of Optimization-Based Real-Time Constrained Attitude Control

The Satellite for Optimal Control and Imaging (SOC-i) is a 2U CubeSat that will fly the first in-space demonstration of real-time optimization-based constrained attitude control. SOC-i is developed by AACT, a student team at the University of Washington (UW), and consists of two payloads and several supporting subsystems. The primary payload is a convex optimization-based attitude guidance algorithm called SOC-i's Optimal Attitude Reorientation (SOAR). SOAR will be the first software of its kind tested on an orbiting spacecraft. The secondary payload is a CMOS camera that serves as an instrument to demonstrate SOC-i's pointing abilities. Though SOC-i is a CubeSat flight demonstration of the SOAR technology, it is relevant for spacecraft missions of all types given the prevalence of sun sensor-based attitude estimation, the need for sun-sensitive instrumentation in space, the finite control authority of all actuators, and the desire to execute rotations while minimizing some performance metric (e.g., electrical power). A small satellite mission is an ideal proving ground for SOAR. To reduce mission risk, SOC-i leverages COTS components from standard CubeSat suppliers; the power management system, battery, solar arrays, antenna, and actuators all have flight heritage, while the chassis and onboard computer are custom built by UW students. The design and development of these subsystems is presented in detail.
Direct hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis in trisomy 13 and 18

Trisomy 13 and 18 are common chromosomal abnormalities that affect multiple organ systems. There is a paucity of published data, however, on the hepatic complications seen in these patient populations. One of the most common pathologic hepatobiliary issues seen in the newborn period is direct hyperbilirubinemia (DH). Thus, this study sought to estimate the incidence and evaluate possible etiologies of DH in neonates with trisomy 13 or 18. This retrospective cohort study included all infants admitted to our two neonatal intensive care units between 2012 and 2020 with the diagnosis of trisomy 13 or 18. DH is most commonly diagnosed as a direct bilirubin >1 mg/dl but a cutoff of >2 mg/dl is more specific for cholestasis, so both cutoffs were evaluated. Continuous data were compared using Fisher's exact test and categorical variables by the Mann-Whitney U test. Thirty-five patients met inclusion: 13 with trisomy 13 and 22 with trisomy 18. DH of >2 mg/dl was seen in seven (53.8%) patients with trisomy 13 and five (22.7%) with trisomy 18. Using a cutoff of >1 mg/dl, the rate of trisomy 13 was unchanged, but the rate in trisomy 18 increased to 9/22 (40.9%). There was a trend toward more DH in trisomy 13 patients (p = 0.079) versus trisomy 18 and higher rates in infants who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (50.0 vs. 13.3%, p = 0.026). The presence of cardiac or ultrasound-defined hepatobiliary abnormalities was not correlated with DH. Due to the high rates of DH in hospitalized neonates with trisomy 13 and 18, we recommend screening newborns with trisomy 13 or 18 for DH starting in the first week of life and continuing at least weekly until 4 weeks of life or until completion of TPN, whichever comes later. Future studies should further evaluate possible etiologies of DH in this population.