cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective addition of boronates to chromene acetals catalyzed by a chiral Brønsted acid/Lewis acid system

Chiral α,β-dihydroxy carboxylic acids catalyze the enantioselective addition of alkenyl- and aryl boronates to chromene acetals. The optimal carboxylic acid is a tartaric acid amide, easily synthesized via a 3-step procedure. The reaction is enhanced by the addition of Lanthanide triflate salts such as cerium(IV)-and ytterbium(III) triflate. The chiral Bronsted acid and metal Lewis acid may be used in as low as 5 mol % relative to acetal substrate. Optimization of the reaction conditions can lead to yields >70% and enantiomeric ratios as high as 99:1. Spectroscopic and kinetic mechanistic studies demonstrate an exchange process leading to a reactive dioxoborolane intermediate leading to enantioselective addition to the pyrylium generated from the chromene acetal.
Virtues and Vices: Examples of Medieval Knowledge Visualization

The concepts of virtues and vices have a long history. This paper discusses their medieval metaphorical and allegorical representations as examples of knowledge visualizations, and compares them against the criteria put forward for the use of contemporary knowledge visualizations. It is found that these medieval visualizations exhibit all the essential traits expected of knowledge visualizations, making them not only exemplars of a field, but also documentary evidence of early explorations (research) into visually representing and communicating complex knowledge.
A Multi-Channel Rotary Joint for Spacecraft Applications

A four-channel coaxial rotary joint has been designed for transferring S- and X-band signals between a spinning satellite and a despun antenna system. Measurements show insertion losses under 0.5 dB, VSWR's under 1.2, and inter-channel isolations exceeding 50 dB.
Effect of Differential Stress on Strontium Partitioning in Calcite

ABSTRACT Strontium content of calcite has been used to aid in the interpretation of diagenesis of carbonate rocks. However, the distribution coefficient for strontium partitioning between calcite and solution (KDSr-Ca) is subject to both kinetic and thermodynamic factors that are incompletely understood. The effect of stress (which may involve both of these factors) on the partitioning of trace-element cations in the carbonate lattice has not previously been investigated. Aragonite-to-calcite transformation may occur under axial-stress burial conditions if aragonite-rich sediments escape near-surface diagenetic alteration. The effect of stress on KDSr-Ca during aragonite-to-calcite conversion was investigated through experimental compaction studies. Experiments investigated partitioning behavior under conditions of purely hydrostatic fluid pressure surrounding growing calcite crystals. Changes in hydrostatic pressure (up to 35 MPa, isothermal) had little or no effect on the partitioning of strontium into calcite. Varying solution Sr/Ca ratios at constant temperature likewise had no effect on the distribution coefficient. Hydrostatic experiments also investigated the temperature dependence of partitioning. Experimental data indicate that KDSr-Ca at STP is about 0.028. An experimental design was also constructed to test whether differential stress affects the KDSr-Ca value. A compaction apparatus was used to generate an effective stress of over 5 MPa, simulating lithostatic burial load at approximately 240 m. Temperature was held constant during experimental compaction runs. Data from compaction experiments show an order-of-magnitude depression of KDSr-Ca with increasing effective stress in the range from 0 to 5.35 MPa. These empirical results may aid in the interpretation of low-Sr limestones in the geologic record.
Young of Litopenaeus setiferus, Farfantepenaeus aztecus and F. duorarum (Decapoda: Penaeidae): a Re-Assessment of Characters for Species Discrimination and Their Variability

Abstract I reviewed the penaeid literature for characters ‘traditionally’ used to discriminate Litopenaeus setiferus, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, and F. duorarum and examined early life stages (ELS) with 3 + 0 to 8 + 2 rostral teeth based on these characters. The species identity of most of the specimens examined were verified ‘a priori’ with a multiplex PCR assay that targeted the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene. My objectives were to re-evaluate ‘traditional’ characters by re-examining ELS for differences in morphology and timing of character development based on number of rostral teeth rather than body size, and, to identify a reliable suite(s) of characters to discriminate taxa in areas where distributions overlap. I found the absence of spinules along the dorsal carina of the sixth pleomere in young with < 4 dorsal teeth (DT), and the supposed difference in length of the third pereopod relative to the distal margin of the eye to be unreliable characters for generic discrimination. Differences in the thoraci...
Multilevel regulation: Controlling BK channels in central clock neurons.

### Multilevel regulation and BK channels At first glance, many aspects of physiology appear to function like a Rube Goldberg machine, using convoluted, over-engineered components to perform simple tasks. Then, we remember that any given physiological system must operate within strict bounds
Characterization of Poly(isobornyl acrylate) as a Construction Material for Microfluidic Applications

Isobornyl acrylate (IBA) is a photopolymer- izable monomer that is employed in microfluidic devices because of desirable properties, such as inertness, transpar- ency, and resolution. However, some of the mechanical properties of poly(isobornyl acrylate) are greatly affected by subtle changes in the manufacturing techniques. In this study, the parameters of exposure time, UV intensity, and aging are varied to study their effect on the material prop- erties of thin samples of isobornyl acrylate construction material (<0.25 mm). Mechanical testing was used to obtain properties, such as elasticity, maximum strength, and maximum strain. It was observed that when using high levels of both exposure time and intensity, the poly- mers strength was increased. Lowering one of these two parameters immediately reduced the construction materi- als strength. It was also noted that aging weakens the ma- terial in as little as 1 day. In addition, an anisotropic response that produces curling in samples has been stud- ied. It showed to have a negligible effect on the mechanical properties of the material; however it may have a major effect on device quality and shelf-life. 2007 Wiley Periodi-
Design concept for future carrier networks

The first challenge of a network is to achieve service flexibility that can adaptively provide a wide range of network services to each customer. Future networks will need to satisfy a widely expanded scale of customers' demands. Various service parameters will need to be scaled up to accommodate the wide variety of network applications required by each customer. Typical parameter examples are the so-called network QoS, which includes factors such as bandwidth, transmission delay, and jitter. In addition, the number of terminal equipment devices involved should be considered. In the business field, a wide variety of network-based applications and services have been adopted. Since leakage of confidential information is a critical issue for companies, thin client style computations are widely recognized as a secure implementation for business usage. SaaS (Software as a Service) and PaaS (Platform as a Service) type applications are recognized as cost effective solutions. In recent years, low cost wireless networking techniques have been widely and rapidly spreading. Passive type RFID is expected to achieve efficient management of manufactured goods. Even in the managing of paper documents, very small IC chips are expected to play important roles. Active type RFID systems are another category of low cost wireless networking techniques.
MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS OF MEAT TENDERNESS USING THE NIP TENDEROMETER

. A series of evaluations to compare the sensory panel ratings for tenderness with the Warner-Bratzler shear force and the Nip Tenderometer values was conducted using 150 pork chops, 239 lamb chops and 674 beef steaks. The Warner-Bratzler shear force values were more highly correlated with panel tenderness ratings than were the Nip Tenderometer readings for samples of pork, lamb and beef tested after cooling to room temperature (23 °C). Nip Tenderometer determinations on hot samples of beef (75 °C) were more closely related to panel tenderness ratings (r=— 0.80) than were Nip Tenderometer readings (r=— 0.58) or shear force values (r=— 0.63) obtained on cold samples (23 °C). The combined advantages of ease and speed of application, correlation with sensory panel ratings and the demonstrated accuracy in identifying ‘tough’ vs ‘tender’ steaks suggest that the Nip Tenderometer has potential as an objective means for evaluating meat tenderness.
Automatic Creation of Domain Templates

Recently, many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications have improved the quality of their output by using various machine learning techniques to mine Information Extraction (IE) patterns for capturing information from the input text. Currently, to mine IE patterns one should know in advance the type of the information that should be captured by these patterns. In this work we propose a novel methodology for corpus analysis based on cross-examination of several document collections representing different instances of the same domain. We show that this methodology can be used for automatic domain template creation. As the problem of automatic domain template creation is rather new, there is no well-defined procedure for the evaluation of the domain template quality. Thus, we propose a methodology for identifying what information should be present in the template. Using this information we evaluate the automatically created domain templates through the text snippets retrieved according to the created templates.
Comparison of small bowel follow through and abdominal CT for detecting recurrent Crohn's disease in neoterminal ileum.

Abstract Purpose To assess the findings of recurrent Crohn's disease in the neoterminal ileum on small bowel follow through (SBFT) and computed tomography (CT) as well as the overall diagnostic performance of these imaging tests. Methods Our radiology database yielded 52 patients with an ileocolic anastomosis for Crohn's disease who underwent SBFT and CT. The images were reviewed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for individual findings of recurrent Crohn's disease in the neoterminal ileum. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of these tests for recurrent Crohn's disease were determined by comparing imaging reports to endoscopic and surgical findings in 45 patients (87%) and clinical response to treatment in seven (13%). Results SBFT had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 85%, PPV of 95%, and NPV of 73% for detecting recurrent Crohn's disease, and CT had a sensitivity of 77%, specificity of 69%, PPV of 88%, and NPV of 50%. These tests combined had a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 69%, PPV of 90%, and NPV of 82%. The most common findings were luminal narrowing, thickened folds, and ulcers (especially aphthoid lesions) on SBFT and bowel wall thickening on CT. CT also revealed extraenteric collections not visualized on SBFT in three patients (8%). Conclusions Our experience suggests that SBFT is more sensitive and specific than CT for detecting recurrent Crohn's disease in the neoterminal ileum, mainly because of the ability of barium studies to depict aphthoid lesions not visualized on CT. Conversely, CT is better for detecting extraenteric findings such as abscesses. When combined, these tests have a higher sensitivity for detecting recurrent Crohn's disease than either test alone.
Lectotypification of a name and a new combination in North American Mentzelia (Loasaceae)

A lectotype for the nameMentzelia multiflora var.integra is selected and a new combination inMentzelia (Loasaceae) is made. A key to the varieties ofMentzelia marginata is included.
Improving the precision of dynamic forest parameter estimates using Landsat

Abstract The use of satellite-derived classification maps to improve post-stratified forest parameter estimates is well established. When reducing the variance of post-stratification estimates for forest change parameters such as forest growth, it is logical to use a change-related strata map. At the stand level, a time series of Landsat images is ideally suited for producing such a map. In this study, we generate strata maps based on trajectories of Landsat Thematic Mapper-based normalized difference vegetation index values, with a focus on post-disturbance recovery and recent measurements. These trajectories, from 1985 to 2010, are converted to harmonic regression coefficient estimates and classified according to a hierarchical clustering algorithm from a training sample. The resulting strata maps are then used in conjunction with measured plots to estimate forest status and change parameters in an Alabama, USA study area. These estimates and the variance of the estimates are then used to calculate the estimated relative efficiencies of the post-stratified estimates. Estimated relative efficiencies around or above 1.2 were observed for total growth, total mortality, and total removals, with different strata maps being more effective for each. Possible avenues for improvement of the approach include the following: (1) enlarging the study area and (2) using the Landsat images closest to the time of measurement for each plot. Multitemporal satellite-derived strata maps show promise for improving the precision of change parameter estimates.
278 DETERMINANTS OF ELEVATED FILLING PRESSURE IN ADVANCED SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE.

Purpose of Study Elevated filling pressure has been associated with worse outcome in patients with systolic heart failure. Determining factors of elevated filling pressure in these patients have not been well described. The ratio of early filling (E wave) on transmitral Doppler inflow to early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus (E9) has been shown to be an accurate predictor of elevated filling pressure. We sought to identify echocardiographic and/or clinical variables that correlate with E/E9 > 15. Methods Used Forty patients with systolic heart failure (EF 15 (group II). Serum carboxy-terminal of procollagen type I (PICP) levels were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit (Takara Inc.). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Clinical and echocardiographic data are compared between the two groups using Student9s t-test or chi-square test when appropriate; p values Summary of Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, race, serum creatinine, and etiology of heart failure between the two groups (Table). Conclusions In this pilot study, serum marker of myocardial fibrosis (PICP) and left atrial size, among the variable tests, were the only predictors of elevated filling pressure in our patients with advanced systolic heart failure. Further investigation in a larger population on the role of fibrotic marker for identifying patients with elevated filling pressure may be warranted.
On the influence of environmental factor in the modern transformation of ideological and political education

The development and effect of Ideological and political education are the interactive result of different influencing factors,especially the expansion of the determining factor is decisive in the ideological and political education.Is the determining factor always playing a positive function? This paper elaborates on the paradoxical functions of ideological and political education from four aspects with the purpose of sticking to the scientific concept of development,expanding the positive function of the determining faction of ideological and political education and avoid its negative effect in the practice of ideological and political education.
The Light Shed on the Crucial Development of Strauss’s Thought by His Correspondence with Gerhard Krüger

The rather complex private correspondence between Leo Strauss (1899–1973) and Gerhard Kruger (1902–72) runs from late 1929 through 1935. (In GS-3 377–454, Heinrich Meier has made these letters available through painstaking editorial work, and in his introduction has brought intelligent learning to bear in framing their context (esp. GS-3 xxviii–xxx). Unless otherwise noted, all page references will be to this edition; italics in quotations from Strauss and Kruger are in the original.) Readers will presumably be acquainted with Strauss, but a few words are required to introduce Kruger, whose fulfillment of his great promise was severely hindered by the oppression of National Socialism and then, in his early 50s, was cut short by strokes that left him mentally incapacitated. (For a fuller account of Kruger’s career, see esp. the obituary by Kruger’s lifelong friend Hans-Georg Gadamer in Archives de Philosophie 47 (1984): 353–63.)
The Association of Mineral Metabolism with Vascular Access Patency

BackgroundDeclining kidney function leads to progressively dysregulated mineral homeostasis and contributes to vascular calcification and a pro-inflammatory milieu, both of which play a critical ro...
Husserl on Axiomatization and Arithmetic

Material from Husserl’s logic courses is used to piece together a picture of his theory of axiomatization and arithmetic that can be used to lay the groundwork for the study of its ramifications and implications for philosophy of logic and mathematics. It is argued that this shows that Husserl’s theory is close to Hilbert’s and belies claims of kinship with Brouwerian Intuitionism understood as the view that the collection of natural numbers and all of pure mathematics develops out of the self-unfolding of “the fundamental intellectual phenomenon of the falling apart of a moment of life into qualitatively different things, of which one is experienced as giving way to the other and yet is retained by an act of memory.” It is contended that it needs to be determined whether Husserl’s theory is a genuine, viable alternative to other, better known theories.
Tropical Africa and the World Economy

Tropical Africa, a late starter, is now inextricably bound up in the world economy. Colonialism characterized its entry. Politically, independence is now replacing colonialism in the area, and economic change follows. How that transition takes place will be of importance to Tropical Africa and the world. In the brief compass of this paper, an attempt will be made to describe the relationships which Tropical Africa has developed with the world economy, the way in which they are changing, and some of the main questions posed in this transition period.
Interaction of Isogenic Pilus+ and Pilus− Variants of Gonococci with a Human Epithelial Cell Line

The expression of pili or fimbriae by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, appears to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of gonococcal disease. The exclusive recovery of pilus+ organisms on primary culture and the failure of in vitro derived pilus− organisms to initiate infection in intraurethrally inoculated male volunteers (11,12) have led to the implication of gonococcal pili as a colonization factor and a requisite determinant of virulence. The importance of pilus expression in the ecology of gonococcal-host interactions is further attested to by the presence of a simple yet efficient genetic system by which it can spontaneously turn on and off pilus expression (phase variation) and give rise to variants expressing pili of altered structure, function and antigenicity (antigenic variation) (4,6,14,27,28,30).
Mitigating Synchronized Hardware Trojan Attacks in Smart Grids

A hardware Trojan is a malicious circuit inserted into a device by a malicious designer or manufacturer in the circuit design or fabrication phase. With the globalization of semiconductor industry, more and more chips and devices are designed, integrated and fabricated by untrusted manufacturers, who can potentially insert hardware Trojans for launching attacks after the devices are deployed. Moreover, the most damaging attack in a smart grid is a large scale electricity failure, which can cause very serious consequences that are worse than any disaster. Unfortunately, this attack can be implemented very easily by synchronized hardware Trojans acting as a collective offline time bomb; the Trojans do not need to interact with one another and can affect a large fraction of nodes in a power grid. More sophisticatedly, this attack can also be realized by online hardware Trojans which keep listening to the communication channel and wait for a trigger event to trigger their malicious payloads; here, a broadcast message triggers all the Trojans at the same time.In this paper, we address the offline synchronized hardware Trojan attack, as it does not require the adversary to penetrate the power grid network for sending triggers. We classify two types of offline synchronized hardware Trojan attacks as type A and B: type B requires communication between different nodes, and type A does not. The hardware Trojans needed for type B turn out to be much more complex (and therefore larger in area size) than those for type A. In order to prevent type A attacks we suggest to enforce each power grid node to work in an unique time domain which has a random time offset to Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). This isolation principle can mitigate type A offline synchronized hardware Trojan attacks in a smart grid, such that even if hardware Trojans are implanted in functional units, e.g. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), they can only cause a minimal damage, i.e. sporadic single node failures. The proposed solution only needs a trusted Global Positioning System (GPS) module which provides the correct UTC together with small additional interface circuitry. This means that our solution can be used to protect the current power grid infrastructure against type A offline attacks without replacing any untrusted functional unit, which may already have embedded hardware Trojans.
Eye Protection: Survey of Dermatologists and Office Staff.

BACKGROUND Splash injuries to mucosal membranes during procedures have been well documented in dermatology and carry a potential risk of blood-borne virus transmission. The risk to the ocular mucosa can be minimized with proper eye protection. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of wearing eye protection during dermatologic procedures by physicians, trainees, and office staff in dermatology. METHODS A Cross-sectional observational study of US dermatologists, residents, nurses, and medical assistants was performed regarding eye protection during dermatologic procedures. RESULTS The rates of wearing eye protection in every dermatologic procedure are as follows: dermatologists 42.3%, residents/fellows 39.6%, and nurses/medical assistants 25%. Ninety-eight percent of respondents thought blood-borne illnesses could be transmitted by splash injury. The rates of having splash injury during your career are as follows: dermatologists 73.1%, residents/fellows 16.7%, and nurses/medical assistants 50%. The rates of having a splash injury within the last year are as follows: dermatologists 11.5%, residents/fellows 8.3%, and nurses/medical assistants 35.7%. CONCLUSION The use of eye protection is an important component of the personal protective equipment to help prevent transmission of blood-borne illnesses. Dermatologists and staff should strive to increase awareness and the use of face masks with eye shields or face mask with separate eye protection in every dermatologic procedure.
Clarity Is Key: Direction-Giving Language

In this chapter, we discuss direction-giving language, the motivating language dimension most frequently used in organizations. Direction-giving language communicates the vision’s goals, what followers need to do to accomplish them, how the work should be carried out, and what rewards can be expected. Effective direction-giving talk involves transparency, goal setting, constructive performance feedback, plus reward contingency and allocation. This chapter explores direction-giving talk by defining it, outlining its value to organizations and employees, and by investigating categorical examples of its expression. These categories include basic work requirements/procedures, performance feedback, available resources, role expectations, task clarity, priorities, goals, rewards, and autonomy/authority. We also touch upon direction-giving language’s ties with ethical behavior and its intersection with meaning-making and empathetic talk.
Challenges in Implementing Pre-surgical Chlorhexidine Shower or Bath for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection

Background Guidelines for prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) recommend using pre-surgical chlorhexidine bathing or shower to reduce bioburden on the skin. However, there is considerable variation in how and to what extent this intervention is implemented. Understanding barriers to implementation are essential for effective implementation. We undertook a systems approach to examining challenges to implementation of pre-surgical chlorhexidine bathing or shower at an academic medical center.
The E-government challenge for public administration education

As public sector agencies use the e-government model to improve delivery of their services, it is important that this model become integrated into education of future leaders of the public service. A fully scaled implementation of e-government requires more than simple automation of the existing processes. It can affect significantly the overall organizational structure of public agencies, their missions and goals, and the way they interact with customers and with each other. Because of its profound impact on the functions and even structure of government, implementing e-government involves significant challenges, including resistance to change and the problem of lack of information technology skills among public managers. To address these challenges, public affairs programs must include into their curricula courses that would prepare cadre qualified for the era of e-government. Survey results are presented outlining efforts of graduate public affairs programs to meeting demands related to the e-government model. Major components of the model are outlined and the extent to which these components are covered in graduate courses in leading public affairs programs is assessed.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Best Supportive Care Checklist among Clinicians

Abstract Context: Best supportive care (BSC) is often not standardized across sites, consistent with best evidence, or sufficiently described. We developed a consensus-based checklist to document B...
Enhanced biofiltration of O&G produced water comparing granular activated carbon and nutrients.

Abstract Large volumes of water are required for the development of unconventional oil and gas (OG however, further optimization is needed to enhance BAF performance. This study evaluated three GAC media (one spent and two new) and two nutrient-mix supplements for enhanced removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Biofilm development was also monitored and correlated to BAF performance. The spent GAC with extant biofilm quickly acclimated to PW and demonstrated up to 92% DOC removal (81% COD) in 24 h, while little impact by nutrient addition was observed. In addition, virgin GAC was slow to establish a biofilm, indicating that appropriate GAC selection and pre-developed biofilm is critical for efficient BAF performance. Furthermore, the production of high quality BAF effluent (less than 20 mg/L DOC) presents the opportunity to apply BAF as a pretreatment for subsequent desalination—expanding the potential for reuse applications of PW.
Phospholipides containing amino acids other than serine. I. Detection.

In view of the widespread occurrence of the amino acid-containing lipides and the unique course of their metabolism during development of Drosophila, we have carried out extensive investigations concerned with their isolation and chemical nature. The present report is concerned primarily with techniques and procedures developed to insure removal of non-lipide contaminants from preparations of these lipides.
Determinants of the Division of Labor in China

Human ecological theory of the division of labor finds its roots in Emile Durkheim’s ([1893] 1933) work, The Division of Labor in Society. Durkheim proffers division of labor as an inevitable consequence of increased physical and social density in human societies. A revival of interest in human ecology since the early 1950s has amassed a substantial literature of empirical inquiries into the determinants and consequences of the division of labor. Social scientists have conducted most of these studies, however, in the United States. The few studies that have transcended national boundaries (Browning and Gibbs 1971; London 1971; Frisbie and Al-Khalifah 1991) have, like the American investigations, generally supported Durkheim’s theory. Thus, they have helped to defend human ecology against the charge of ethnocentric bias, one of three fundamental criticisms of the ecological approach.
Extended Resections of Non-small Cell Lung Cancers Invading the Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Left Atrium, or Esophagus: Can They Be Justified?

T4 tumors that invade the heart, great vessels, or esophagus comprise a heterogenous group of locally invasive lung cancers. Prognosis depends on nodal status; this relationship has been consistently demonstrated in many of the small series of extended resection. Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines do not recommend surgery for T4 extension with N2-3 disease (stage IIIB). However, biopsy-proven T4 N0-1 (stage IIIA) may be operable. Localized tumors with invasion of the aorta, pulmonary artery, left atrium, or esophagus represent a small subset of T4 disease. Acquiring sufficient randomized data to provide statistical proof of a survival advantage for patients undergoing extended resections for these neoplasms will likely never be possible.Therefore, we are left to critically analyze current documented experience to make clinical decisions on a case-by-case basis.It is clear that the operative morbidity and mortality of extended resections for locally advanced T4 tumors have significantly improved over time,yet the risks are still high. The indications for such procedures and the anticipated outcomes should be clearly weighed in terms of potential perioperative complications and expertise of the surgical team. Patients with T4 N0-1 have the best prognosis and with complete resection may have the potential for cure. The use of induction therapy and surgery for advanced T4 tumors may improve survival. Current data suggest that for tumors that invade the aorta, pulmonary artery,left atrium, or esophagus, resection should be considered in relation to multidisciplinary care.For properly selected patients receiving treatment at high volume, experienced centers, extended resections may be warranted.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals common molecular factors responsive to heat and drought stress in Agrostis stolonifera

Heat and drought stress are primary abiotic stresses confining growth of cool-season grass species during summer. The objective of this study was to identify common molecular factors and metabolic pathways associated with heat and drought responses in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) by comparative analysis of transcriptomic profiles between plants exposed to heat and drought stress. Plants were exposed to heat stress (35/30 °C day/night temperature) or drought stress by withholding irrigation for 21 d in growth chambers. Transcriptomic profiling by RNA-seq in A. stolonifera (cv. ‘Penncross’) found 670 commonly up-regulated and 812 commonly down-regulated genes by heat and drought stress. Transcriptional up-regulations of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) due to heat and drought stress include genes that were highly enriched in oxylipin biosynthetic process and proline biosynthetic process. Transcriptional down-regulations of genes under heat and drought stress were highly enriched and involved in thiamine metabolic process and calcium sensing receptor. These commonly-regulated genes by heat and drought stress identified in A. stolonifera suggested that drought and heat responses shared such common molecular factors and pathways, which could be potential candidate genes for genetic modification of improving plant tolerance to the combined heat and drought stress.
Posterior urethral valves: comparison of clinical outcomes between postnatal and antenatal cohorts

Summary Background Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) constitute the most common infravesical urinary obstruction in boys and are often accompanied by severe consequences to the lower and upper urinary tract. Currently, about two-thirds of diagnosis of PUVs has been suspected by prenatal ultrasonography findings. The aim of this study was to compare long-term clinical outcomes in two groups of patients with PUVs, with antenatal vs. postnatal diagnosis. Study design This was a retrospective cohort study of 173 patients with PUVs systematically followed up in a tertiary center. Median follow-up time was 66.5 months (interquartile range [IQ], 11.4–147.9 months) for those patients who survived neonatal period. Seventy-nine (45.6%) patients were followed up for more than 5 years and 55 (32%) for more than 10 years. For analysis, the cohort was stratified into two groups according to the clinical presentation (prenatal vs. postnatal). The events of interest were urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical interventions, proteinuria, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and death. Survival analyses were performed to evaluate time until occurrence of the events. Results Sixty-two patients (35.8%) were diagnosed by fetal sonography. Patients of postnatal group presented a higher incidence rate of UTI episodes (6.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9–8.3) than antenatal group (1.2, 95% CI, 0.4–2.7) (P Conclusion The study findings did not corroborate the initial hypothesis that the rates of renal function declining in patients with PUVs would be attenuated by an early diagnosis and intervention after antenatal diagnosis.
Development of a Mobile App for training health professionals in diagnostic imaging: a progress report

Mobile Apps are nowadays pervasive in our lives, employed for several purposes, among which education, representing a useful integration of web-based applications to which they add portability and much larger employability. Specifically, in healthcare, Mobile Apps can support e-learning/e-training programs devoted to health professionals in diagnostic imaging, allowing the end-users to continuously update their skills. Here, the ongoing implementation of a Mobile App, designed for iOS, is presented, whose aim is to provide medical doctors, nurses and healthcare professionals at large with a complete platform to update their knowledge in the field of biomedical images interpretation. Both an e-learning and an e-training part are present and several functions of both are currently under development. We plan to complete the implementation of basic features of the App within the end of the year, in order to collect the first feedbacks from medical community by the first half of 2019.
Long QT syndrome caveolin-3 mutations differentially modulate K v 4 and Ca v 1.2 channels to contribute to action potential prolongation

Key points Mutations in the caveolae scaffolding protein, caveolin-3 (Cav3), have been linked to the long QT type 9 inherited arrhythmia syndrome (LQT9) and the cause of underlying action potential duration prolongation is incompletely understood. In the present study, we show that LQT9 Cav3 mutations, F97C and S141R, cause mutation-specific gain of function effects on Cav 1.2-encoded L-type Ca2+ channels responsible for ICa,L and also cause loss of function effects on heterologously expressed Kv 4.2 and Kv 4.3 channels responsible for Ito . A computational model of the human ventricular myocyte action potential suggests that the major ionic current change causing action potential duration prolongation in the presence of Cav3-F97C is the slowly inactivating ICa,L but, for Cav3-S141R, both increased ICa,L and increased late Na+ current contribute equally to action potential duration prolongation. Overall, the LQT9 Cav3-F97C and Cav3-S141R mutations differentially impact multiple ionic currents, highlighting the complexity of Cav3 regulation of cardiac excitability and suggesting mutation-specific therapeutic approaches. Abstract Mutations in the CAV3 gene encoding caveolin-3 (Cav3), a scaffolding protein integral to caveolae in cardiomyocytes, have been associated with the congenital long-QT syndrome (LQT9). Initial studies demonstrated that LQT9-associated Cav3 mutations, F97C and S141R, increase late sodium current as a potential mechanism to prolong action potential duration (APD) and cause LQT9. Whether these Cav3 LQT9 mutations impact other caveolae related ion channels remains unknown. We used the whole-cell, patch clamp technique to characterize the effect of Cav3-F97C and Cav3-S141R mutations on heterologously expressed Cav 1.2+Cav β2cN4 channels, as well as Kv 4.2 and Kv 4.3 channels, in HEK 293 cells. Expression of Cav3-S141R increased ICa,L density without changes in gating properties, whereas expression of Cav3-F97C reduced Ca2+ -dependent inactivation of ICa,L without changing current density. The Cav3-F97C mutation reduced current density and altered the kinetics of IKv4.2 and IKv4.3 and also slowed recovery from inactivation. Cav3-S141R decreased current density and also slowed activation kinetics and recovery from inactivation of IKv4.2 but had no effect on IKv4.3 . Using the O'Hara-Rudy computational model of the human ventricular myocyte action potential, the Cav3 mutation-induced changes in Ito are predicted to have negligible effect on APD, whereas blunted Ca2+ -dependent inactivation of ICa,L by Cav3-F97C is predicted to be primarily responsible for APD prolongation, although increased ICa,L and late INa by Cav3-S141R contribute equally to APD prolongation. Thus, LQT9 Cav3-associated mutations, F97C and S141R, produce mutation-specific changes in multiple ionic currents leading to different primary causes of APD prolongation, which suggests the use of mutation-specific therapeutic approaches in the future.
'Unilateral cone dystrophy': ERG changes implicate abnormal signaling by hyperpolarizing bipolar and/or horizontal cells.

The two cases described here appear to represent the infrequently reported entity of "unilateral cone (cone-rod) dystrophy." Both cases give the suggestion that daylight vision can be affected by abnormalities in visual signals in the proximal retina, after they leave the cone photoreceptors themselves. The ERG waveform changes in these two cases are consistent with a deficit in signaling by the hyperpolarizing bipolar cells, and the complaint of abnormal color perception in both cases presented here raises the possibility that the OFF-pathway through hyperpolarizing bipolar cells may be important for color processing.
Understanding Public Attitudes Toward Cannabis Legalization: Qualitative Findings From a Statewide Survey

Background: Cannabis policy is rapidly evolving in the United States as more states legalize medical and non-medical marijuana. Public opinion has shifted dramatically in favor of marijuana legaliz...
Design and implementation of a speed adaptive flux observer for the induction motor using Sylvester criterion

The paper presents the design and implementation of a flux and speed observer for the induction motor drive. The method employs an observer with linear feedback that yields the motor fluxes and also estimates the speed using an adaptive law. The convergence conditions are formulated based on Lyapunov's nonlinear stability theory. The gains of the observer are designed using Sylvester criterion. The method proposed is reasonably simple and yields a series of inequalities that provide insight into the design choices and stability margins of the observer. The paper shows that the observer is not globally stable - however, with proper design of the adaptation gains, it can be made locally stable. The observer with the corresponding adaptive speed estimate does not perform during low speed regeneration - the speed estimate diverges; to solve this issue, the paper shows a modified adaptation law that yields a stable speed estimate.
FOOD EXPENDITURE PATTERNS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN EGYPT(In Arabic)

The research aimed to study the relative importance of the individual annual expenditure on food and non-food expenditure, and the relative importance of individual annual expenditure on the main food groups in rural and urban Egypt in 2015, 17/2018. The research aimed to estimate expenditure elasticity of food commodities, In addition to study the effect of household size, the effect of the different region (rural and urban) and the different period on individual annual expenditure on food groups. The research depend on the secondary published data by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Income, Expenditure and Consumption survey in 2015, 17/2018. The research depends on descriptive and quantitative methods to analyze data. The most important results were that expenditure on food and drink in rural Egypt represented a greater percentage than expenditure on food and drink in the urban of Egypt in 2015, 17/2018, and expenditure on food and drink in 17/2018 represented a greater percentage than expenditure on food and drink in 2015. Expenditure elasticity of food groups in general is less than one, which indicates that all food groups are necessary commodities for the consumer in 2015 compared with 17/2018. The household size has significant statistically effect on the all food groups except for fish group in 2015 compared with 17/2018. The effect of different region (rural, urban) on individual annual expenditure has a significant statistical effect on fish group, sugar and sugary foods group, dairy, cheese, eggs group, and non-alcoholic drinks group in 2015 compared with 17/2018. Effect of different period on individual annual expenditure has a significant statistical on the different food groups in 2015 compared with 17/2018. Conclusively, the study recommends that necessary limit the population increase, and spread food awareness among the community members especially in rural areas.
An overview of Scade, a synchronous language for safety-critical software (keynote)

ANSYS® SCADE Suite® is a development environment for safety critical embedded software used for more than twenty years in various application domains like avionics, nuclear plants, transportation, automotive. Its code generator is qualified for several industrial standards (DO-178C, IEC 61508, EN 50128, IEC 60880 and ISO 26262) to be used in the development of the most safety critical systems. Scade is historically based on the synchronous language Lustre designed in Grenoble in the VERIMAG laboratory by its two mains authors Paul Caspi and Nicolas Halbwachs. In its early days, it was mainly seen as a graphical notation for this academic language. In 2008, a major new version was released, based on the language Scade 6 that extended the dataflow point of view offered by Lustre to integrate new constructs inspired by Esterel and SyncCharts in order to allow more control oriented design style. This language is formally specified following the work of Marc Pouzet on the design of Lucid Synchrone, in particular on the static correction of programs. The formalized aspects cover mainly the static semantics i.e. the type systems that define what a correct program is; this correction is based on four type systems: Types (in the most classical sense), Clocks, Initialization analysis and Causality analyses. As a formal language, Scade is also well suited to apply formal verification on the applications developed with it. Programs are guaranteed to run in finite memory which allows to use state of the art model checking techniques. The talk will go through this history, giving some insights on the new Scade 6 constructs, its differences with Lustre and on the development of its qualified code generator. The formal verification of Scade 6 programs will also be illustrated.
Differences in mother-child and father-child RSA synchrony: Moderation by child self-regulation and dyadic affect.

Parents and preschoolers show respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony, but it is unclear how child self-regulation and the dyadic affective climate shape RSA synchrony and how synchrony differs for mothers and fathers. We examined child average RSA, externalizing problems, and dyadic positive affect as moderators of the synchrony of dynamic, within-epoch child and parent RSA reactivity during a challenging task. Mothers (N = 82) and fathers (N = 60) oversampled for familial risk participated with their 3-year-olds. For mothers, when children showed either higher externalizing or lower average RSA, negative RSA synchrony was observed as dynamic coupling of maternal RSA augmentation and child RSA withdrawal, suggesting inadequate support of the child during challenge. However, when children showed both higher externalizing and lower average RSA, indicating greater regulatory difficulties overall, positive synchrony was observed as joint RSA withdrawal. The same patterns were found for father-child RSA synchrony but instead with respect to the moderators of higher externalizing and lower dyadic positive affect. Findings suggest moderators of RSA synchrony differ by parent and shared positive affect plays a robust role in fathers' RSA reactivity and synchrony. Mothers may be more attuned to children's regulatory capacities, whereas fathers may be more influenced by the immediate behavioral context.
Abstract 1328: Using whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening to identify resistance networks in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common type of adult malignant brain tumor, with 12,000 new diagnoses each year. Even with the current standard of care—surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy—the median survival is about 20 months. This is partly due to the high rate of resistance to conventional therapy, including TMZ, leading to recurrence rates close to 100%. It remains largely unknown what drives the development of this resistance. Many studies have shown differences between primary and recurrent tumors, but a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms is needed. CRISPR-Cas9 screening is a powerful tool for systematic and unbiased genetic analysis, which we applied to understand TMZ resistance. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in H4 human GBM cells, encompassing over 17,000 genes. A DMSO-treated population was compared with a TMZ-treated population over 14 days. In this drug sensitivity screen, depletion of guides corresponds to a TMZ-resistance gene, whereas enrichment of guides corresponds to a TMZ-sensitivity gene. Analysis showed that there was significant enrichment in guides for known TMZ-sensitivity genes that have been highly cited—ATG14, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2—thus validating our screen results. However, more importantly, we were able to identify a list of 200 novel genes implicated in TMZ resistance. Pathway analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in Hippo and Notch signaling, both known to play a role in chemoresistance. From this list of novel genes, we identified 4 previously unstudied genes. These genes showed significant elevations in RNA expression (p Citation Format: Shreya Budhiraja, Shivani Baisiwala, Ella Perrault, Li Chen, Cheol Park, Chidiebere Awah, Crismita Dmello, Andrew Zolp, Adam Sonabend, Atique Ahmed. Using whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening to identify resistance networks in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1328.