cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low-power and high sensitivity resonant micromechanical receiver

This paper describes the proposed architecture and the analytical optimization of an ultra-low-power and high sensitivity Resonant Micromechanical Receiver (RMR) to be used in wake-up radios. The proposed radio frequency (RF) system is composed of three different stages: (1) a piezoelectric resonator that provides for passive voltage amplification, impedance matching, and high-Q filtering; (2) a MEMS resonant demodulator that acts as an efficient envelope detector of the modulated RF signal; and (3) a low power trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) that amplifies the output current of the demodulator and triggers a latch rectifier. All the RF components except for the CMOS are passive, which drastically reduce the power required to detect the RF signature. The CMOS components are constrained to operate with a maximum power consumption of 10 nW, approximately equivalent to the leakage rate of a battery. We analyze the performance of the proposed system for input frequencies ranging between 50 MHz and 400 MHz, and a modulation frequency (equal to the frequency of the MEMS demodulator) of 20–100 kHz. Our investigation shows that by using high performance acoustic resonators based on thin-films of lithium niobate [1] operating around 100 MHz in conjunction with narrow-gap MEMS demodulators [2], our proposed RMR can attain a sensitivity of at least −80 dBm for a 50% OOK signal and consume only 10 nW.
Health Care Costs After Cardiac Arrest in the United States.

Background:This study was designed to estimate the costs of index hospitalizations after cardiac arrest in the United States. Methods and Results:We used the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2003–20...
Metaphor and the Experience of Light

The experience of elemental or light, though a common occurrence in the course of human history, has increasingly come under attack by critical theorists who, without any direct experience of this light themselves, have had to resort to its metaphorical representation in literature. Because the experience of light, or what Mircea Eliade calls the world of Spirit,1 is ultimately a personal discovery, its metaphorical representation can lead to confusion about the nature of light if language and consciousness are understood solely on their most superficial dimension. Metaphors operate through a comparison between a word and not a single reference but several references that seem to have something in common. While the proper use of a word may suggest one reference, its metaphorical use in an improper context will result in that context suggesting another reference, or as some critics will argue, any number of references. Thus, as Donald Davidson asserts, “there is no limit to what a metaphor calls to our attention.... When we try to say what a metaphor ‘means,’ we soon realize there is no end to what we want to mention.”2 Moreover, through their deconstructive enterprise, Jacques Derrida and Paul de Man collapse the distinction between literary and philosophical language because metaphors cannot be eliminated from philosophical discourse. Derrida claims that while all language is polysemous, literary metaphor is especially so because it is autotelic, a complete departure from the world of reference. Karsten Harries, on the other hand, argues for a definition of metaphor between the purely aesthetic and the inevitability of referring to a world beyond the text.3 This paper will argue two major points: that the metaphor of light, the heliotropic model of all metaphors, is both purely aesthetic and referential; and that inner light can be experienced through metaphor as a presence which corresponds to an outward reality but is not dependent on the sun as a sensory object.
When Expectations Become Reality: Work-Family Image Management and Identity Adaptation

Working parents often contend with how to effectively portray themselves as both devoted professionals and good parents. In this article we introduce the construct “work-family image” as a cross-do...
The impact of ERα action on muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity - Strong enough for a man, made for a woman.

Abstract Background The incidence of chronic disease is elevated in women after menopause. Natural variation in muscle expression of the estrogen receptor (ER)α is inversely associated with plasma insulin and adiposity. Moreover, reduced muscle ERα expression levels are observed in women and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Considering that metabolic dysfunction impacts nearly a quarter of the U.S. adult population and elevates chronic disease risk including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies are desperately needed. Scope of the review This review will provide evidence supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle ERα in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and propose novel ERα targets involved in the maintenance of metabolic health. Major conclusions Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutics to improve the metabolic health of women while limiting secondary complications that have plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
Crossbridge rotation in EDC-crosslinked striated muscle fibers

The rotatability of the strong- and weak-binding myosin heads was tested by stretching glycerinated rabbit psoas fibers after crosslinking the heads to actin by using a carbodiimide EDC. The equatorial 1,1 reflection intensity (I1,1) decreased by ∼10% upon 1% stretch in the presence of various ligands (ATP, ATP-γ-S, pyrophosphate and AMPPNP). As the action of ligands to dissociate actomyosin increased, the relaxation of tension response to stretch and the I1,1 decrease were accelerated. This result is best explained if the ligand converts the crosslinked head to a weak-binding state, in which the head is rotatable because of its acquired elasticity.
On the Embrittlement of Niobium by Oxygen

Oxygen strongly reduces the tensile ductility of niobium between 400 and 1000 K. Because two basically different brittle fracture modes and ductile rupture (microvoid coallescence) are competitive in this range the overall fracture process can be complicated and lead to mixed fracture morphologies. Oxygen concentration, strain rate and temperature are important parameters. The brittle modes are cleavage which requires a high stress level and Troiano slew strain rate embrittlement fracture involving oxygen diffusion and thus favored by slower strain rates and higher temperatures. Dynamic strain aging is important at the lower end of the embrittlement range where it increases the work hardening and raises the stress to the cleavage fracture stress.
General Principles of Suspensions

Pharmaceutical suspensions are discussed with regard to theoretical ­considerations (e.g., interfacial properties, electric double layer, wetting, flocculated and deflocculated systems), stability factors (e.g., settling and sedimentation, effect of particle size, crystal growth, and use of structured vehicles, etc.), and rheologic aspects. A thorough understanding of these aspects is important from a stability standpoint, as the stability of suspension systems depends both on the properties of the dispersed solid and on those of the vehicle.
Online Credit Recovery and the Path to On-Time High School Graduation:

Many high schools use online courses to allow students to retake failed classes in an effort to help get students back on track and graduate. However, there is limited evidence available on the eff...
Endoscopic cricoid split in a tertiary referral paediatric centre.

Background Anterior cricoid split is performed for grade 2 and 3 subglottic stenosis, which can be a cause of extubation failure. It can be performed endoscopically or as an open procedure. This paper describes a case series of endoscopic cricoid split procedures performed using a bespoke sickle knife. Method Nine patients (six pre-term infants) underwent endoscopic cricoid split in a tertiary referral paediatric unit between August 2012 and March 2015. Results Six patients (67 per cent; four pre-term and two term infants) were on oxygen pre-operatively. Mean age at operation was 30 weeks (range, 11-104 weeks). Mean number of days' intubation was 5.6 days (range, 4-9 days). All five patients intubated pre-operatively were extubated. Seven patients required repeat dilatations. One patient required tracheostomy. Conclusion The extubation rates for endoscopic cricoid split are comparable to the open procedure. It is a safe and efficient method for managing subglottic stenosis, whether acquired or congenital. The main advantage is the shorter operative time, in addition to the avoidance of an external scar and drain.
Solar Cell Photo-Luminescence Modulation for Optical Frequency Identification Devices

This paper presents a wireless optical communication scheme that uses solar cells to transmit information. Transmission of information with a solar cell is possible by exploiting the fact that high-efficiency solar cells are also good at emitting light. These emissions, called luminescent emissions, are a function of the voltage across the cell. Here, we take the advantage of this fact to modulate the luminescent emissions of a GaAs solar cell to transmit information. We call devices that use this type of communication optical frequency identification devices. A circuit model of a solar cell that includes luminescent emissions is presented along with a circuit that modulates the photo-luminescent radiation emitted by a solar cell while harvesting energy from it. An analysis of this circuit is presented and employed to suggest different modulation strategies. A prototype of the modulator was built and tested. Test results show good agreement with the circuit analysis. It is also shown how the proposed circuit can be used to implement pulse amplitude modulation and ON–OFF keying modulation. Experimental results show that the proposed communication system achieves a bit error rate of $1.6\times 10^{-3}$ at a rate of 10 kb/s and at a distance of 50 cm.
Effects of an Adaptive Modality Selection Algorithm for Navigation Systems

Portable electronic navigation systems are often used for directional guidance when humans need to navigate terrain quickly and accurately. Prior work in this field has focused on using either the visual or haptic sensory modality for providing such guidance, and results have indicated that either option may be preferable depending upon the user's specific needs. However, conventional methods involve selecting a single modality based on which will work best with the task the user is most likely to perform and using this modality throughout the duration of the navigation. In this paper, we describe the design and results of a study intended to evaluate the effectiveness of an adaptive modality selection algorithm that dynamically selects a navigation system's directional guidance modality while considering both task-specific benefits and the time-varying effects of switching cost, stimulus-specific adaptation, and habituation. Our findings indicate that use of this algorithm can improve user performance in the presence of multiple simultaneous tasks.
Unplanned Hospitalization Among Individuals With Cancer in the Year After Diagnosis.

PURPOSE:Reducing acute care use is an important strategy for improving value in cancer care. However, little information is available to describe and compare population-level hospital use across cancer types. Our aim was to estimate unplanned hospitalization rates and to describe the reasons for hospitalization in a population-based cohort recently diagnosed with cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS:California Cancer Registry data linked with administrative inpatient data were used to examine unplanned hospitalization among individuals diagnosed with cancer between 2009 and 2012 (n = 412,850). Hospitalizations for maintenance chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or planned surgery were excluded. Multistate models were used to estimate age-adjusted unplanned hospitalization rates, accounting for survival.RESULTS:Approximately 67% of hospitalizations in the year after diagnosis were unplanned, 35% of newly diagnosed individuals experienced an unplanned hospitalization, and 67% of unplanned hospitalizations originated in the...
An In Vivo Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Novel Dependencies for Blast Crisis Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Abstract Poorly differentiated aggressive myeloid diseases such as Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) and blast crisis Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (bcCML) are often resistant to standard therapy and associated with significantly poor survival in both children and adults. There is thus a significant need for a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive disease progression and for finding novel therapeutic targets. Thus, to determine the molecular effectors of myeloid leukemia growth in vivo, we carried out a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 dropout screen using the lentiviral Brie gRNA library. This library targets 19,674 genes, and has on average 3 gRNAs for each gene, and 1000 control non-targeting gRNAs. We carried out this whole-genome screen in a mouse model of Cas9+ blast crisis CML (bcCML) driven by BCR-ABL/ NUP98-HOXA9 since this represents a very aggressive phase of myeloid cancer where 90% of the leukemic blasts are undifferentiated and cancer stem cell-like. This in vivo screen led to the identification of 3636 genes essential for leukemic growth and propagation in the bone marrow of recipient mice, constituting pathways such as metabolism, protein translation and DNA replication. The genes that were significantly depleted included known drivers of myeloid cancer progression and regulators of myeloid cancer stem cells (for example, Brd4, Kdm1a, Pafah1b1/Lis1, Rptor), indicating that our screening strategy can successfully identify functional drivers of cancer growth. While intrinsic signals that drive myeloid cancer progression are well described, little is known about how interactions with the surrounding microenvironment can control leukemic growth and propagation. Our whole-genome screen identified ~130 cell surface genes that are significantly depleted in the bcCML stem cells transplanted in vivo. Since environmental factors commonly signal through receptors on the surface of leukemic cells, this subset is likely to include most, if not all, genetic effectors of niche driven signals required for in vivo growth and propagation of aggressive myeloid leukemia cells. Of these 130 genes, several have earlier been shown by us and others to be essential for myeloid cancer progression including Itgb1, Cxcr4 and Cd44. We are currently testing the functional contribution of novel candidate cell surface molecules, which can integrate signals from the environment, on the in vivo growth and progression of myeloid malignancies. We anticipate that these studies will provide a basis for testing antibody-mediated therapeutic inhibition of specific microenvironmental signals on myeloid leukemia growth and propagation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Analyzing The Emotions of Crowd For Improving The Emergency Response Services

Abstract Twitter is an extremely popular micro-blogging social platform with millions of users, generating thousands of tweets per second. The huge amount of Twitter data inspire the researchers to explore the trending topics, event detection and event tracking which help to postulate the fine-grained details and situation awareness. Obtaining situational awareness of any event is crucial in various application domains such as natural calamities, man-made disaster and emergency responses. In this paper, we advocate that data analytics on Twitter feeds can help improve the planning and rescue operations and services as provided by the emergency personnel in the event of unusual circumstances. We take an emotional change detection approach and focus on the users’ emotions, concerns and feelings expressed in tweets during the emergency situations, and analyze those feelings and perceptions in the community involved during the events to provide appropriate feedback to emergency responders and local authorities. We employ improved emotion analysis and change point detection techniques to process, discover and infer the spatiotemporal sentiments of the users. We analyze the tweets from recent Las Vegas shooting (Oct. 2017) and note that the changes in the polarity of the sentiments and articulation of the emotional expressions, if captured successfully can be employed as an informative tool for providing feedback to EMS.
Variable-Rate Chemigation via Center Pivots

AbstractCenter pivots can be used to achieve variable-rate chemigation—applying spatially variable dosages of agricultural chemicals within the same field. This paper first presents equations speci...
Flow Modelling in Complex Terrain for Atmospheric Applications

The need for simple but reliable models for complex terrain wind flow and dispersion analysis, is a necessity today if one takes into consideration the relatively high demand in computer time and costs for such an analysis, arising mainly from the often large solution domains needed and the transient nature of the phenomena. On the other hand, taken into consideration the terrain complexities, such models need to be incorporated into suitable computer codes, that are able to treat any complex domain. Within the framework of relatively simple models qualification for atmospheric applications, a generalized three dimensional non isotropic k-l model is proposed and applied to a triangular ridge problem in a wind tunnel (Arya and Shipman 1981) with encouraging results. The model shows a better performance over both the corresponding isotropic model and the supposedly more advanced k-e model for such type of applications. The above solution has been obtained by ADREA-I code which is under development in NRCPS “DEMOKRITOS” particularly suitable for nonrectangular domains of high complexity (Bartzis 1985).
Extravesical Ectopic Ureteral Calculus Obstruction in a Completely Duplicated Collecting System.

Background: Complete ureteral duplication is uncommon and occasionally associated with ureteral stone obstruction. Even rarer is ectopic insertion of a ureter into the urethra. Case Presentation: W...
Light deprivation reduces the severity of experimental diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract Illumination of the retina is a major determinant of energy expenditure by its neurons. However, it remains unclear whether light exposure significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of common retinal disease. Driven by the premise that light exposure reduces the metabolic demand of the retina, recent clinical trials failed to demonstrate a benefit for constant illumination in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Here, we instead ask whether light deprivation or blockade of visual transduction could modulate the severity of this common cause of blindness. We randomized adult mice with two different models of diabetic retinopathy to 1-3 months of complete dark housing. Unexpectedly, we find that diabetic mice exposed to short or prolonged light deprivation have reduced diabetes-induced retinal pathology, using measures of visual function, compared to control animals in standard lighting conditions. To corroborate these results, we performed assays of retinal vascular health in diabetic Gnat1−/− and Rpe65−/− mice, which lack phototransduction. Both mutants displayed less diabetes-associated retinal vascular disease compared to respective wild-type controls. Collectively, these results suggest that light-induced visual transduction promotes the development of diabetic retinopathy and implicate photoreceptors as an early source of visual pathology in diabetes.
CHAPTER 5 – BESSEL FUNCTIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Bessel functions. Bessel's equation arises in the process of solving certain partial differential equations of mathematical physics. The Bessel functions of the third kind are the complex solutions of Bessel's equation. For many practical purposes, a differential equation or other problem can be regarded as solved when its solutions can be expressed in terms of Bessel functions; it is also true when the solutions can be expressed in terms of any tabulated function, including the elementary trigonometric and exponential functions. The Bessel functions of the second and third kinds satisfy the same recurrence relations as the functions of the first kind.
Developing Parameters for a Technology to Predict Patient Satisfaction in Naturalistic Clinical Encounters

Patient-centered communication is crucial in the clinical encounter. Previous studies on patient satisfaction have focused on nonverbal cues and demographics of the patient separately; the integrated influence of both aspects is yet to be explored. This study aims to build a model to learn the quantitative relationship among nonverbal behaviors such as mutual gaze and social touch, demographics of the patients such as age, education and income, and patient perceptions of clinicians. Using 110 videotaped clinical encounters of patients from a study of assessing placebo, Echinacea, and doctor-patient interaction in the acute upper respiratory infection and a decision tree machine learning approach, duration per mutual gaze, percentage of mutual gaze, age, and social touch were identified as the top four important features in predicting how much patients liked their clinicians. Patients of older age, with higher percentage of mutual gaze, longer social touch duration and moderate duration per mutual gaze tended to report greater rating on likeness towards their clinicians. Findings from this study will be used to inform the design of a real-time automatic feedback system for physicians. By using the decision tree machine learning approach, the findings help determine the parameters required for the design of a real-time monitoring and feedback system of the quality of care and doctor-patient interaction in natural environments.
Properties of densified poplar wood through partial delignification with alkali and acid pretreatment

Poplar trees can be grown on marginal land to conserve water and recycle nutrients, but the wood has poor mechanical properties for structural applications. This study evaluated the feasibility of densifying poplar wood through delignification to improve mechanical properties. Delignification was conducted using a commercial soda pulping process under various NaOH concentrations of 0–6% with a reduced liquor-to-wood ratio of 3, along with a novel hydrotropic fractionation process using maleic acid. Delignified wood was pressed with or without stop bars at a low pressure of 1 MPa at 150 °C for 15 min or 100 °C for 2 or 10 h. Results indicate that wood density is the key variable dictating wood strength properties rather than extent of delignification. Pressing with stop bars resulted in similar wood densities for samples with different levels of delignification. Wood modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and Brinell hardness (HB) all increased linearly with wood density, in agreement with literature results from pure hydrothermal compression. When removing stop bars in pressing, MOR, MOE, and HB were increased to 150 MPa, 20.7 GPa, and 43.2 MPa, respectively, from 88.5 MPa, 6.5 GPa, and 14.8 MPa for undensified poplar when wood density was increased to 0.81 g/cm3 from 0.46 g/cm3. Low-pressure densification with delignification is advantageous to significantly improve wood properties.
Detecting liver disease via an endogenous pigment.

Lipofuscin, an endogenous pigment, can be used as a near-infrared fluorescent biomarker to stage and to monitor the progression of chronic liver disease, as shown in mice with induced liver disease and in human livers biopsied from patients with liver fibrosis.
Secondary Computer Science Teachers’ Pedagogical Needs

The purpose of this study is to identify secondary computer science (CS) teachers’ pedagogical needs in the United States. Participants were selected from secondary teachers who were teaching CS courses or content in a school setting (public, private, or charter) or an after-school program during the time of data collection. This is a qualitative study using CS teachers’ discussions in Computer Science Teachers Association’s (CSTA) email listserv, responses to open-ended questions in a questionnaire, and discussions in follow-up interviews. Content analysis, thematic analysis and constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis were used to analyze the data. The most common pedagogical need expressed was learning student-centered strategies for teaching CS and guiding students’ understanding with the use of scaffolding and team-management strategies in CS classes. Furthermore, addressing students’ beliefs in CS and their preconceptions in math and reading were important factors influencing teaching CS effectively in secondary schools.
Abstract 1185: Impact of distance traveled to radiosurgery center on time to initiation of gamma knife treatment for brain metastases in a rural patient population

The West Virginia University Gamma Knife center provides care for largely rural areas with patients that often travel 1-3 hours for treatment. Studies investigating whether distance to a tertiary cancer center results in meaningful delays in care are limited. This study examines patients treated with gamma knife for brain metastases to identify predictors of delay in care based on distance from the treatment center. Retrospective data for patients treated at the West Virginia University Gamma Knife center (2010-2017) for brain metastases with a primary diagnosis of lung or breast cancer was analyzed. Study variables included age, gender, primary histology, ECOG, KPS, RPA, interval time to initiation (TTI) of gamma knife treatment from diagnosis, and distance from home to the center. Statistical significance was determined by p Citation Format: Azeem A. Rehman, Sarah Singh, David Arsanious, Paul Renz, Christopher P. Cifarelli. Impact of distance traveled to radiosurgery center on time to initiation of gamma knife treatment for brain metastases in a rural patient population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1185.
Dinoflagellates in Red Sea Piston Cores

Dinoflagellates were studied in two piston cores (Ch 61–154P and 153P) from the axial trough of the Red Sea, approximately 150 miles south-southeast of the Atlantis II and Discovery Deeps. Some twenty species belonging to nine fossil genera were identified and on the basis of their vertical distribution (relative and semi-quantitative), 6 zones (A–F) were identified in core 154P and five (A–E) recognized in core 153P. Their distribution has been related tentatively to a Late Pleistocene-Holocene chronostratigraphic scale by means of radiocarbon dates, climatic data and extrapolation of rates of sedimentation. In these cores the distribution of dinoflagellates was determined by changing conditions of temperature, salinity and sea level and can be referred to four glacial cycles which have been recognized from oxygen isotope studies. A glacio-eustatic mechanism probably initiated these cycles and in this respect the geological histories of the Red Sea area and the Mediterranean provinces to the north are comparable.
Diacetyl in Foods: A Review of Safety and Sensory Characteristics

Diacetyl, noted for its appealing butter-like aroma, is present naturally in many foods, and humans have been exposed to it since the beginning of civilization. The advent of microwave (MW) cooking technology has led to the development of a significant market for MW popcorn, to which diacetyl and other flavoring compounds have been frequently added. Based upon reported associations between diacetyl inhalation and lung disease in employees of MW popcorn processing facilities, a very conservative safe level of occupational exposure to diacetyl has been proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Yet there is conflicting evidence that diacetyl causes lung disease in workers, and no evidence to condemn diacetyl as the cause of lung problems in MW popcorn consumers. Consumer dietary exposure to diacetyl in foods is below levels of health concern while common airborne levels of diacetyl from MW popcorn are far below the conservatively established limit to protect workers.
MPI at Exascale: Challenges for Data Structures and Algorithms

Petascale computing is here and MPI continues to succeed as a effective, scalable programming model, despite previous predictions that MPI could not work at the Petascale. As the high-performance computing community considers Exascale systems, will MPI continue to be suitable? Already, a number of studies have looked at the behavior of MPI as the number of tasks approaches one million, and have identified scaling problems in the current state-of-the-art. In addition, the MPI Forum has begun to consider the scalability of the definition of some of the routines in MPI, based on the sizes of their input arguments. Concerns have also been raised about other routines, based on the scalability of current implementations.
Men who have met sex partners via the Internet: prevalence, predictors, and implications for HIV prevention.

This study examined the prevalence of Internet use for meeting sexual partners among men who have sex with men. The study also examined HIV risk behaviors among men who reported meeting a sexual partner via the Internet. A sample of 609 men was surveyed while attending a gay pride festival in Atlanta, GA. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing demographic information, Internet use, gay acculturation, AIDS knowledge, attitudes about condoms, global substance use, and sexual behavior. A substantial majority of men (75%) reported using the Internet to access gay-oriented web sites. One third of the sample (34%) reported having met a sexual partner via the Internet. Men meeting sex partners online reported higher rates of methamphetamine use. Men meeting sexual partners over the Internet reported having sex with more male partners in the previous 6 months (M = 8.38, it SD = 19.39) compared with men not meeting partners in this manner (M = 3.13, SD = 4.99, p < .001). Men meeting partners via the Internet also reported higher rates of sexual risk behaviors including unprotected anal receptive intercourse (p < .05) and unprotected anal insertive intercourse (p < .01). The high prevalence of Internet use as a method of meeting sexual partners suggests that sexual networks may be forming over the Internet. The Internet therefore provides opportunities for new HIV primary prevention interventions.
Free and Low-Cost Research Resources for Any Budget

Legal research inside the ivory tower is cushy. Students don’t have to bill anyone for the research they perform, and their libraries provide them with nearly unlimited access to LexisNexis and Westlaw. Outside the ivory tower, things aren’t quite as plush - especially these days. Fortunately, there are many free and low-cost legal research resources that can be of use. Written for Student Lawyer magazine, this column examines several of these resources and provides tips on using them.
Prenatal exposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos and childhood tremor

Background The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), widely used for agricultural purposes, has been linked to neurodevelopmental deficits. Possible motor effects at low to moderate levels of exposure have not been evaluated.
Using Continuous System Level Assessment to Build School Capacity

Abstract The purpose of this article is to introduce a conceptual model for internal assessment and professional development planning. The continuous systems-level assessment (CSLA) is a model that can provide school and other professionals with a method for making data-based decisions, and is intended to foster local expertise by utilizing assessment information to design effective professional development strategies. The CSLA model includes three phases: needs assessment and problem identification; designing interventions and building staff capacity; and implementing and evaluating interventions. The authors outline the values associated with the CSLA model, the major phases involved in the process, and provide an example of how the process is currently being implemented in an urban school in Kansas. School-based programs are complex, dynamic, and usually involve long-term commitments from a variety of partners. In addition, program implementation often occurs within the context of organic, changing organizations and therefore, requires a flexible model of evaluation. Several bottom-up program evaluation models have been developed that can be used to guide an assessment of the commitments, values, and capacities of schools and other organizations ( Fawcett et al., 1996 , Fetterman, 1996 ; Greenwood, Whyte, & Harkavy, 1993 ; Knoff, 1996 , Levin, 1996 , Millett, 1996 , Scriven, 1967 , Stake, 1967 , Stake, 1976 ). The approach described here is similar to these bottom-up program evaluation models, and is being used to assess ongoing improvement efforts and identify professional development needs for schools.
Doa4 function in ILV budding is restricted through its interaction with the Vps20 subunit of ESCRT-III

Assembly of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III executes the formation of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes. Repeated cycles of ESCRT-III function requires disassembly of the complex by Vps4, an ATPase with a microtubule interaction and trafficking (MIT) domain that binds MIT-interacting motifs (MIM1 or MIM2) in ESCRT-III subunits. We identified a putative MIT domain at the N-terminus of Doa4, which is the ubiquitin (Ub) hydrolase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that deubiquitinates ILV cargo proteins. The Doa4 N-terminus is predicted to have the α-helical structure common to MIT domains, and it binds directly to a MIM1-like sequence in the Vps20 subunit of ESCRT-III. Disrupting this interaction does not prevent endosomal localization of Doa4 but enhances the defect in ILV cargo protein deubiquitination observed in cells lacking Bro1, which is an ESCRT-III effector protein that stimulates Doa4 catalytic activity. Deletion of the BRO1 gene (bro1Δ) blocks ILV budding, but ILV budding was rescued upon disrupting the interaction between Vps20 and Doa4. This rescue in ILV biogenesis requires Doa4 expression but is independent of its Ub hydrolase activity. Thus, binding of Vps20 to the Doa4 N-terminus inhibits a non-catalytic function of Doa4 that promotes ILV formation.
Opiate receptor subtype binding in gerbil hippocampus is altered by forebrain ischemia.

Abstract A role for endogenous opioids in trauma-induced brain injury has been supported by pharmacological studies. The present series of experiments were initiated to extend these observations by measuring opiate receptor subtype binding in gerbil hippocampus following 7 days recovery from a 10 min ischemic insult. Quantitative in vitro autoradiography was utilized to measure mu ([3H]DAGO), kappa ([3H]bremazocine + 10 μM morphiceptin + 100 nM DSLET), delta ([3H]DSLET + 1 0 μM morphiceptin and lambda ([3H]naloxone + 300 nM diprenorphine) binding. While ischemic tissue samples at the level of the dorsal hippocampus showed complete loss of CA1 pyramidal cells, we observed no significant alterations in mu or delta binding suggesting a non-pyramidal cell localization of these receptors. Kappa binding decreased significantly to 88% of control in the CA1 and CA3 regions while lambda binding in the stratum lucidum (CA3) increased to 165% of control. Our results show that opiate receptor subtypes are differentially affected by an ischemic insult.
Media in a Capitalist Culture

In her article, "Media in a Capitalist Culture," Barbara Trent looks at the negative effects that capitalism has on the media and how those effects may be overcome. Trent intertwines personal experience with socio-historical context to give the reader a genuine feel for political filmmaking in a Hollywood dominated world. She describes how her Academy Award winning film The Panama Deception was removed from a Cineplex, even after out-grossing all of the other films there, because Warner Brothers wanted the screen. After an examination of the impact a dominant Hollywood has on local culture around the world, Trent offers three case studies based on three of her documentaries, Destination Nicaragua, Coverup: Behind the Iran Contra Affair, and The Panama Deception as a prescription, or a road map, for negotiating the pitfalls of capitalist culture. Her personal experience as an Academy Award winning director who has faced enormous difficulty working outside major media circuits offers a unique perspective on how the mass media resists alternative views of society. Barbara Trent, "Media in a Capitalist Culture" page 2 of 10 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 9.1 (2007): Thematic Issue, Representing Humanity in an Age of Terror. Ed. Sophia A. McClennen and Henry James Morello
Adsorption of H2O on Al(111)

Abstract The adsorption of H 2 O on Al(111) has been studied by ESDIAD (electron stimulated desorption ion angular distributions), LEED (low energy electron diffraction), AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) and thermal desorption in the temperature range 80–700 K. At 80 K, H 2 O is adsorbed predominantly in molecular form, and the ESDIAD patterns indicate that bonding occurs through the O atom, with the molecular axis tilted away from the surface normal. Some of the H 2 O adsorbed at 80 K on clean Al(111) can be desorbed in molecular form, but a considerable fraction dissociates upon heating into OH ads and hydrogen, which leaves the surface as H 2 . Following adsorption of H 2 O onto oxygen-precovered Al(111), additional OH ads is formed upon heating (perhaps via a hydrogen abstraction reaction), and H 2 desorbs at temperatures considerably higher than that seen for H 2 O on clean Al(111). The general behavior of H 2 O adsorption on clean and oxygen-precovered Al(111) ( θ o ⪅monolayer) is rather similar at low temperature, but much higher reactivity for dissociative adsorption of H 2 O to form OH ads is noted on the oxygen-dosed surface around room temperature.
Ultrastructure and physiology of the hooded sensillum, a bimodal chemo-mechanosensillum of lobsters

The antennules of decapod crustaceans are covered with thousands of chemosensilla that mediate odor discrimination and orientation behaviors. Most studies on chemoreception in decapods have focused on the prominent aesthetasc sensilla. However, previous behavioral studies on lobsters following selective sensillar ablation have revealed that input from nonaesthetasc antennular chemosensilla is sufficient for many odor-mediated behaviors. Our earlier examination of the setal types on the antennules of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus revealed three types of nonaesthetasc chemosensilla. The most abundant and widely distributed of these is the hooded sensillum. The present study describes the detailed ultrastructure of antennular hooded sensilla and the physiological response properties of their receptor neurons. Light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine structural characteristics, and electrophysiology was used to examine single-unit responses elicited by focal chemical and mechanical stimulation of antennular hooded sensilla. Hooded sensilla have a porous cuticle and are innervated by 9-10 chemosensory and 3 mechanosensory neurons whose dendrites project to the distal end of the sensillum. Hooded sensillar chemosensory neurons responded to waterborne chemicals, were responsive to only one of the six tested single compounds, and had different specificities. Hooded sensillar mechanosensory neurons were not spontaneously active. They had low sensitivity in that they responded to tactile but not waterborne vibrations, and they responded to sensillar deflection with phasic bursts of activity. These results support the idea that hooded sensilla are bimodal chemo-mechanosensilla and are receptors in an antennular chemosensory pathway that parallels the well-described aesthetasc chemosensory pathway.
Right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease.

Patterns of atrophy in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) correlate with the clinical subtypes of behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic dementia, progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) and FTD with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND). Right temporal variant FTD is associated with behavioral dyscontrol and semantic impairment, with tau abnormalities more common in right temporal bvFTD and TDP-43 accumulation in right temporal semantic dementia. However, no clinical and anatomical correlation has been described for patients with predominant right temporal atrophy and FTD-MND. Therefore, we performed a database screen for all patients diagnosed with FTD-MND at Mayo Clinic and reviewed their MRI scans to identify those with striking, dominant, right temporal lobe atrophy. For cases with volumetric MRI we performed voxel based morphometry and for those with brain tissue we performed pathological examination. Of three such patients identified, each patient had different presenting behavioral and/or aphasic characteristics. MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging in one patient, and FDG positron emission tomography revealed striking and dominant right temporal lobe atrophy, right corticospinal tract degeneration, and right temporal hypometabolism. Archived brain tissue was available in two patients; both demonstrating TDP-43 type 3 pathology (Mackenzie scheme) with predominant neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. In one case, neurofibrillary tangles (Braak V) and neuritic plaques were also present in keeping with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. There appears to be an association between FTD-MND and severe right temporal lobe atrophy. Until further characterization of such cases are determined, they may be best classified as right temporal variant FTD-MND.
General model of the transverse dielectric constant of GaAs-AlAs superlattices

Abstract A general model of the transverse dielectric constant of GaAs-AlAs superlattices is presented. The model is based on treating separately the individual contributions from the Λ, X, and L valleys, enabling us to understand better the general trends of the overall dielectric constant. An accurate k · p band calculation is used to determine the bulk band structure around the three symmetry points and a realistic Kronig-Penney model is used to calculate the influence of the superlattice periodicity on the bulk band structure. The resulting dielectric constant shows a small polarization effect due to the anisotropy of the superstructure and a large amount of fine structure corresponding to different transitions between the quantized levels. The influence of the barrier and well thicknesses, LB and LZ, respectively, is also important and it is shown that for a constant value of x =LB/(LB+LZ), the real part of the zero frequency dielectric constant increases as a function of LB. Finally, the real parts of the dielectric constants of a superlattice and the corresponding AlGaAs alloy, characterized by the same value of x , are compared and it is found that at zero frequency the superlattice dielectric constant is slightly larger with the difference increasing for higher frequencies.
Probing the helical content of growth hormone-releasing factor analogs using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A series of growth hormone-releasing factor analogs have been studied by both circular dichroism and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). The peptides are 32 residues long and are known to adopt a random-coil structure in aqueous solution but become increasingly helical as the proportion of organic solvent is increased. Deuterium exchange was observed as an increase in mass of the peptide, as measured by ESI/MS. Rates of exchange were measured and half-lives calculated for analogs containing amino acid substitutions designed to promote or discourage helix formation. Exchange was slower in peptides that are helical (as shown by circular dichroism) than in randomly coiled peptides. Solution conditions that favor helix formation also produced slower exchange rates. These studies suggest that ESI/MS can provide date about the extent and stability of helix formation.
The Cyclic AMP Response Elements of the Genes for Angiotensin-converting Enzyme and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) Can Mediate Transcriptional Activation by CREMτ and CREMα

Abstract The potential of the CREM family of proteins to activate transcription of the genes encoding the testis-specific isozyme of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACET) and the gluconeogenic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) (EC 4.1.1.32) were investigated. Both CREM and CREMα bind efficiently to the putative cyclic AMP response element (CRE) present in the ACET gene (CRET) and to the CRE in the PEPCK gene. In HepG2 cells, the CRE was required for the strong stimulation by CREM of the expression of a chimeric PEPCK (−210 to +73)-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. The CRE could be mutated to the CRET sequence without losing the stimulatory effects of CREM. However, a similar chimeric gene driven by the regulatory region of the ACET gene, which contains the CRET site, could only be stimulated by CREM when its imperfect TATA element was mutated to an authentic TATA. Surprisingly, CREMα, an alleged inhibitor of CRE-mediated transcription, stimulated the expression of both PEPCK-CAT and ACET-CAT genes in HepG2 cells, a process which required the presence of the CRE and the CRET sites, respectively. In contrast, when the same CRE elements were used to drive the transcription of a chimeric gene containing the thymidine kinase promoter linked to the CAT structural gene, CREMα inhibited its expression in HepG2 and JEG3 cells. The expression of the same chimeric gene, however, was stimulated by CREMα in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. These results demonstrated that the nature of the transcriptional effects of CREM isoforms on CRE-mediated transcription depends on the specific gene, the specific cell type and the promoter context of the CRE site.
Is binocular vision always monocular

Visual sensitivity of one eye was determined under binocular stimulus conditions yielding apparent fusion, stereopsis, monocular dominance, and monocular suppression. Marked losses in sensitivity accompanied monocular suppression but were not evident during stable singel vision. The results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that supression alone mediates binocular single vision.
What is inference

Boghossian offers his thoughts on what constitutes inference in philosophy. He believes that no Dispositional account of rule-following can hope to succeed. However, even without arguing against a dispositional account of rule-following in general, I think we are in a position to see why no such idea can help us