cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Traffic Air Quality Simulation Model

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency currently promulgates the use of CAL3QHC to model the concentrations of carbon monoxide near roadway intersections. The steady-state and macroscopic methods used in this model represent rough approximations of the physical phenomena that occur at intersections and are unintuitive for the users. Therefore, the traffic air quality simulation model (TRAQSIM) was developed to create a theoretically more realistic (more natural), easier to understand, and more flexible modeling environment than CAL3QHC. Instead of the steady-state plume equations used in CAL3QHC, TRAQSIM models dispersion through the use of Gaussian puffs emitted from discrete moving sources in a traffic simulation environment. Although most components incorporated in TRAQSIM are not new, the combination of these components within a fully integrated environment is new and provides the potential for a more direct (more logical) expansion of modeling capabilities. As part of an initial validation assessme...
Influence of activity level on patellar ultrasound transmission velocity in children

Optimum development of both bone mass and bone quality during childhood is crucial in prevention of osteoporosis, a condition in which fractures occur late in life. Increasing physical activity is one modality that shows promise for augmenting bone mass and improving bone architecture in adults. Although a positive association has been reported between physical activity and bone densitometry measurements in children, no studies have reported the relationship between physical activity and ultrasonic transmission in bone in children. The purpose of this study was to determine, in a cross-sectional sample of children, whether self-chosen levels of physical activity are associated with variation in apparent velocity of ultrasound (AVU). The convenience sample included 65 third- and fourth-grade girls and boys from a rural Midwestern county of the United States. AVU was measured with the Signet (Osteo-Technology, Cambridge, MA). Physical activity was determined with the TriTrac-R3D Ergometer (Hemokinetics, Madison, WI). A significant negative correlation (r = -0.54; p = 0.0007) was found between the girls' activity and their AVU values. Stepwise regression analysis indicated activity to be the strongest predictor of AVU in girls, accounting for 28% of the variance (p = 0.0005). Weight also was a significant predictor, accounting for an additional 13% of the variance (p = 0.00001). We conclude that more active prepubertal girls have lower AVU values than less active girls. This negative correlation between activity and AVU is curious, especially since other studies have found a positive relationship between activity and bone density in children. We speculate whether a lag in development of bone quality might result in excessive microdamage in more active children. Further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Characterization Of CW Laser-Gas And Laser-Metal Interactions

The role of the plasma during laser materials interaction is studied using emission spectroscopy. The experiments were carried out in two stages: firstly, with a pure argon plasma and secondly with an aluminum target. The electron temperature distribution and electron density were determined. The experimental results were used to estimate laser attenuation and refraction as the beam propagates through the plasma column. Thus, transmitted energy and energy distribution on the surface were determined. This is expected to be a more realistic input for transport phenomena models based on absorbed energy.
Children's Schooling: A Potential Impediment to Work for Women of Color Facing Welfare Reform

ABSTRACT This study is rooted in many mothers' experiences with their children's schooling and how they affect their ability to work in this era of welfare reform. Responding to problems identified by women participating in a welfare-to-work program, this paper explores the realities of children's schooling and its effects on their mothers' work from the perspectives of ten women of color. The study reveals that personal, interpersonal, and systemic factors such as ADHD, gang involvement, peer pressure, inappropriate teaching practices, and social promotion impede their children's learning in school. To address these issues, the mothers help with homework, sit in on classes, advocate, and problem-solve tirelessly. These issues and tasks require a considerable amount of some mothers' time, and affect their ability to get or retain work especially when they are called at work by school authorities. While no study has reported children's education as a possible impediment to mothers' work, we believe this pr...
Chemical and kinetic characterization of tadpole back skin collagenase.

Abstract The purified collagenase from tadpole (Rana catesbiana) back skin was studied with respect to its activation energy using soluble and fibrillar type I collagen, as well as a synthetic peptide substrate, DNPProGlnGlyIleAlaGlyGln d Arg. The activation energy appeared to be independent of the nature of the substrate, ranging between 28 and 35 kcal/mol. The peptide was cleaved at the Gly-Ile bond and proved to be a poor substrate ( k cat K m , 1.21 h−1 μ m −1) when compared with native type I collagen in solution ( k cat K m , 40.6 h−1 μ m −1), consistent with the enzyme's low activity versus gelatin [T. A. Bicsak and E. Harper (1984) J. Biol. Chem.259, 13145] . The amino acid composition of the collagenase was shown to be high in glycine and glutamic acid, and the preparation was shown not to be contaminated with collagen by digestion with bacterial collagenase. The enzyme was not inhibited by iodoacetic acid or 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide, suggesting the lack of essential cysteinyl and tryptophanyl residues, but was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of ZnCl2, consistent with the presence of essential histidine(s). Ethoxyformic anhydride irreversibly inhibited the collagenase suggesting the presence of essential lysyl residues.
Reconceptualising fieldwork in a netnography of an online community of English language teachers

Netnography is an approach to studying online communities and cultures to arrive at an ethnographic understanding. Drawing on our own experiences and methodological choices in a netnography of a multi-site online community of practice of English language teachers, known as Webheads in Action, this article illustrates how ethnographic fieldwork practices change when carried out with communities that exist primarily online. Focusing on illustrative examples from our 10-month netnographic fieldwork data, we argue that concepts of ‘the field, participant observation, interviews, and researcher survival skills’ are experienced in fundamentally different ways in netnography as opposed to in-person ethnography, which calls for reconceptualisation of fieldwork practices in online communities because of the dynamics of online environments and the use of web-based technologies.
Physician utilization of computers in medical practice: Policy implications based on a structural model

The development of policies regarding computer-based medical technology is hampered by a lack of knowledge about the process by which such applications are adopted and utilized by physicians. This study was designed to test a model of the process by which physicians change their practice behavior by utilizing a computer-based hospital information system (HIS). A structural model was developed, estimated, and tested using data from 270 members of the medical staff of a 1160 bed, private teaching hospital. The overall model consists of a measurement model which assumes that the observed variables are generated by a smaller number of unobserved variables or factors; and a structural equation model that relates exogenous and endogenous variables. The model indicates that consultation with other physicians on a hospital service leads to greater exposure to potential computer applications resulting in less concern about the potential impact of computers on medical practice. Physicians who are more knowledgeable about computers are far more likely to tailor the system to their individual practice by developing their own personal order sets for use on the HIS. All of these factors result in increased use of the HIS by physicians. A number of policy implications related to the introduction of new computer-based technology into medical practice settings are discussed.
Transitions for Young Children with Autism from Preschool to Kindergarten.

The transition of young children with autism from preschool to kindergarten is an important event both for sustaining gains made during preschool and for establishing future social and academic development. This article provides a summary of 25 transition elements identified from the research literature as important for a successful transition. The elements were built into a survey instrument, and the instrument was used with the parents, preschool teachers, and kindergarten teachers for three children with autism who transitioned during 1999 to 2001. Results from the survey indicate that transition elements identified in the litera- ture were perceived as important by families, preschool teachers, and kindergarten teachers. High variability, however, was reported in the perceived level of implementation for the transi- tion elements. The report provides an index of transition elements that may be useful to guide future research and to facilitate effective transitions.
Impact-fatigue behavior of composite tube/metal end fitting bonded joints

The relatively high specific strengths and moduli of advanced composite materials make them an attractive option for use in high speed industrial equipment. Hence, a potential market exists for integrating composites into existing machinery to replace critical metallic components. An application of such is the replacement of a high speed reciprocating steel bodymaker ram with one fabricated from a filament wound carbon fiber tube with bonded steel end fittings. Due to the dynamic forces which are inherent in the operation of high speed machinery, components are often subjected to impact, fatigue, and combined high cycle impact-fatigue. The behavior of composites as well as adhesives subjected to either impact or fatigue is well established. However, the combined impact-fatigue behavior of adhesive joints between filament wound carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy tubes and steel end fittings has not been investigated and is the focus of this study. An impact-fatigue testing machine was designed and fabricated specifically for these tests. The impact pulses generated by the machine closely resemble those of a conventional drop weight impact test machine. In addition, the impact-fatigue machine is capable of completing high cycle impact-fatigue tests (106 impacts) within a relatively short period of time by operating in excess of 10 impacts per second. Tests were performed at several impact load levels ranging from 15% to as much as 40% of the joint Ultimate Static Compressive Failure -Load. These impact load levels were monitored throughout the specimen lifetime. Furthermore, three bondline thicknesses were investigated to attain an initial indication of the sensitivity to bondline thickness variation. Results indicate that the specimens exhibit an initial plateau region for a number of cycles during which time no decrease in load carrying capacity is measured. After a critical number of impacts, damage becomes apparent as the sample is no longer capable of maintaining the initial load. At this point, these constant-displacement tests show a load drop and a corresponding compliance change is noted as the sample begins to show less resistance to impact. Post-impact compression test results also show this drop in strength and modulus. Further, the percentage of the Ultimate Static -Compressive -Failure Load being applied dynamically determines the length of the plateau as well as the rate of degradation. Thus, the determination of the performance of composite tube/metal end fitting bonded joints using this impact-fatigue test approach gives information critical for lifetime design of dynamically loaded composite components.
Scattering by Modestly Concentrated Polymer Solutions

The angular dependence of static scattering intensity for polymer solutions beyond coil overlap is commonly associated with excluded-volume screening behavior. This interpretation is supported by the power-law concentration dependence for sizes obtained with an Ornstein−Zernike analysis and agreement with the predicted exponents for screening length. However, the data supporting these power laws continue unabated to concentrations well beyond the range of significant volume exclusion, yielding physically unrealistic lengths and suggesting some fundamental flaw in the screening interpretation. An alternative, nonscreening interpretation is offered in this paper. It is based on the de Gennes equation, already widely used for determining chain dimensions and interaction strength in polymer blends. It is applied here, seemingly for the first time, to the scattering from solutions of polymers in both good and ϑ solvents. It accounts reasonably well, without freely adjustable parameters, for published data on s...
Attributions of success and failure.

Summary.-A 20-item questionnaire was administered to 388 Ss. The questionnaire consisted of items involving success or failure. Half the items were about one's self (actor) and half about someone else (observer). For each situation there were four possible causes: (1) task difficulty, (2) luck, (3) ability, and (4) effort. The results showed that effort was rated significantly higher than the other causes, while luck was rated significantly lower. Also, there was a significant actor-observer difference with observers being more internal than actors. Attribution theory attempts to explain how individuals come to make causal explanations of their own behavior and that of others. One of the early attempts at defining how individuals make causal explanations was Rorter's (1966) I-E scale, in which the causes of behavioral outcomes were seen to be due to either internal or external factors. The items in che scale were worded such that external control was a function of luck while internal control was a matter of ability. Weiner, et al. (Weiner, Frieze, Kukla, Reed, Rest, & Rosenbaum, 1971; Weiner, Heckhausen, Meyer, & Cook, 1972) have proposed a two-dimensional model of attribution, with the dimensions being internal-external and stableunstable. With this model there are four potential causes of behavior; the difficulty of the task (external, stable), ability or inherent disposition (internal, stable), chance or luck (external, unstable), and effort (internal, unstable). Since Ss rewarded effort more than ability, it was concluded that effort. is more highly valued in our culture (Weiner & Kukla, 1970). Kaplan and Swant ( 1973 ) present some contradictory evidence which demonstrated that under situational-reward conditions, i.e., recommendations for admission to graduate school, ability was rewarded over efforc. Additionally, Jones and Nisbett (1971) have suggested that attributions differ depending on whether the attributions are being made about one's own behavior (actor) or about the behavior of some other person (observer). More specifically, they contend that situational (external) attributions are made by actors while dispositional (internal) attributions are made by observers. However, Frieze and Weiner (1971) were unable to find any actor-observer differences in atcributions. The present study was designed to compare the attribution modeh of Weiner and Rotter, in an attempt to determine the more adequate model. Also, the Jones and Nisbett hypothesis about actor-observer differences was examined.
Active M-ary sequential hypothesis testing

This paper considers a generalized sequential hypothesis testing problem in which a decision maker not only can sequentially trade off the sensing cost with the declaration precision, but also can exert control over the sensed information. Here, the decision maker's action impacts the sensing cost as well as outcome. Numerically solving an appropriate DP, it is shown that the sensing outcome has a dual role: 1) it immediately reduces the uncertainty in the decision maker's belief; and 2) it shapes the future belief via Bayes' rule. This paper focuses on sufficient conditions rendering the optimal sensing actions independent of the current and future belief vector, and reducing the problem to a classical (passive) hypothesis testing problem.
Why Don't We Practice What We Preach? A Meta-Analytic Review of Religious Racism

A meta-analytic review of past research evaluated the link between religiosity and racism in the United States since the Civil Rights Act. Religious racism partly reflects intergroup dynamics. That is, a strong religious in-group identity was associated with derogation of racial out-groups. Other races might be treated as out-groups because religion is practiced largely within race, because training in a religious in-group identity promotes general ethnocentrism, and because different others appear to be in competition for resources. In addition, religious racism is tied to basic life values of social conformity and respect for tradition. In support, individuals who were religious for reasons of conformity and tradition expressed racism that declined in recent years with the decreased societal acceptance of overt racial discrimination. The authors failed to find that racial tolerance arises from humanitarian values, consistent with the idea that religious humanitarianism is largely expressed to in-group members. Only religious agnostics were racially tolerant.
Multiple forms of acid phosphatase in germinating seeds of Vigna sinensis

Abstract Acid phosphatase activity increases during germination of Vigna sinenesis. Four forms of acid phosphatase (AP-I, AP-II, AP-III and AP-IV) have been detected in preparations of 96 hr germinating seeds by zymogram analysis. These phosphatases were partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The Mrs of AP-I, AP-II, AP-III and AP-IV were determined by gel filtration to be 150 000, 98 000, 48 000 and 62 000, respectively. Their temperature and pH optima are ∼60° and ∼5.0, respectively. The activities of the phosphatases were inhibited by Fe3+, Hg2+, Mo6+, Zn2+ and were activated by Triton X-100. Nucleoside phosphates were more preferentially hydrolysed than the sugar phosphates. NaF and PCMB are non-competitive inhibitors of these enzymes whereas phosphate inhibited them competitively. In addition to phosphatase activity, the AP-I enzyme fraction also has pyrophosphatase activity. The phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities in AP-I were further characterized. The results presented in this paper suggest that the phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities in AP-I reside either in a single protein or in two different yet very similar proteins.
Access for everyone: introducing accessibility issues to students in Internet programming courses

Several computer science departments include Internet or Web programming courses for both computer science majors and nonmajors. A large component of these courses is Web page development and design using HTML and other technologies. While the need for increasing the level of accessibility to Web resources by the disabled has become more prominent, the topic is often missing from these relevant courses. This paper presents the need for introducing accessibility topics as well as the technical details and tools that can be used to create more accessible Web sites and software.
Attribute Blocks: Visualizing Multiple Continuously Defined Attributes

Visualization of multiple attributes across a region is a complex problem for which several experimental tools have been developed. In some cases, the attributes correspond to events occurring at discrete locations; in others, the data are phenomena that vary continuously across a region. In the discrete case, the focus is often on using maps for geospatial referencing. Attribute blocks are a technique for visualizing continuously varying attributes across a region, letting you quickly locate patterns in large data sets. Attribute blocks can be displayed in a flat 2D projection without needing constant 3D dynamic rotations. This article describes a new technique based on attribute blocks, a dynamically configurable array of lenses through which users can visualize specific attribute values at given locations throughout a region. Users can exploit this ability to dynamically adjust the array's configuration as well as the attribute blocks' size and origin in this new exploratory tool for discovering patterns of interest in multivariate data sets
Thermal management optimization of an air-cooled Li-ion battery module using pin-fin heat sinks for hybrid electric vehicles

Three dimensional transient thermal analysis of an air-cooled module that contains prismatic Li-ion cells next to a special kind of aluminum pin fin heat sink whose heights of pin fins increase linearly through the width of the channel in air flow direction was studied for thermal management of Lithium-ion battery pack. The effects of pin fins arrangements, discharge rates, inlet air flow velocities, and inlet air temperatures on the battery were investigated. The results showed that despite of heat sinks with uniform pin fin heights that increase the standard deviation of the temperature field, using this kind of pin fin heat sink compare to the heat sink without pin fins not only decreases the bulk temperature inside the battery, but also decreases the standard deviation of the temperature field inside the battery as well. Increasing the inlet air temperature leads to decreasing the standard deviation of the temperature field while increases the maximum temperature of the battery. Furthermore, increasing the inlet air velocity first increases the standard deviation of the temperature field till reaches to the maximum point, and after that decreases. Also, increasing the inlet air velocity leads to decrease in the maximum temperature of the battery.
Aerosol and cloud property relationships for summertime stratiform clouds in the northeastern Atlantic from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer observations

This work was supported in part by the NASA CALIPSO Project through NAS1-99104 and in part by the NOAA Global Change Program through NA16GP2911.
Preparation and Practices of Secondary Family Life Education Teachers in Home Economics and Other Disciplines.

This study investigated the academic background and instructional practices of California family life education (FLE) teachers from home economics and other disciplines. A total of 661 principals and 415 teachers in schools with a ninth and/or tenth grade completed surveys examining teacher and course characteristics. Principals reported that approximately half of the FLE teachers in the state held credentials in home economics. Teacher reports concerning academic prepara tion indicated that home economics teachers were significantly more likely than teachers in all other areas except nursing to have obtained preservice training in family life, and to have attended continuing education courses and conferences on the subject. However, home economics teachers were significantly less likely than their colleagues in health, physical education, and nursing to have acquired preservice training in health. Teachers from all disciplines provided coverage of numerous FLE topics in their curricula, with home economics teachers handling significantly longer courses and being more likely to address communication, decisionmaking, marriage, and family issues than teachers from the other areas. FLE programs tended not to be broadly evaluated, but home economics teachers differed significantly from their colleagues in their greater use of measures of student satisfaction. Implications of the findings for preservice and inservice preparation of secondary home economics teachers are discussed.
Using web services to realize remote hearing assessment.

Background. Internet-based tele-audiology is expected to relieve the dilemma between the lack of resources and high demand of audiological care services. This paper presents a web services based, distributed pure-tone hearing assessment system that improves accessibility of traditionally underserved groups to audiology care. Methods. The system employs browser-server network architecture to connect patients to audiology specialists through a web server where all application software is hosted. Software on the server is designed with a three-tier approach which makes the system scalable to include other audiological services. Hearing test data are stored in a standard database and can potentially be integrated into established electronic medical records. On the remote patient side, off-the-shelf audiometers are adopted. The Internet connection of these audiometers can be flexibly configured either with or without a computer. Two aspects of the system were tested: (1) the clinical effectiveness of the system: double-blinded experiments were conducted to assess hearing ability of 30 subjects and paired t-tests were utilized to compare assessment results from the remote approach and the conventional setup; and (2) to analyze the system bandwidth requirements, data traffic among the server, the audiometer, and the audiologist terminal was examined with a network monitoring software (wireshark). Results. Paired t-test results have demonstrated that the remote hearing assessment is equivalent in effectiveness to its conventional counterparts at all tested frequencies (P values are in the range of [0.12, 0.94]), and the bandwidth required by the system is less than 1 Mbps, falling within the capacity of average commercial Internet service subscription. Conclusions. The project developed a remote hearing assessment system based on services on a web server. The system minimizes hardware and software requirements on the audiologist’s computer and can be realized with regular Internet service subscription. Patient operations involved in hearing assessment are simple; making hearing test services more accessible to those otherwise may not be able to obtain the desired hearing care.
The total synthesis of (±) - ptilocaulin

Abstract A seven step synthesis of ptilocaulin via the addition of guanidine to enone 2 is described.
DNA double-strand break repair proteins are required to cap the ends of mammalian chromosomes

Recent findings intriguingly place DNA double-strand break repair proteins at chromosome ends in yeast, where they help maintain normal telomere length and structure. In the present study, an essential telomere function, the ability to cap and thereby protect chromosomes from end-to-end fusions, was assessed in repair-deficient mouse cell lines. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization with a probe to telomeric DNA, spontaneously occurring chromosome aberrations were examined for telomere signal at the points of fusion, a clear indication of impaired end-capping. Telomeric fusions were not observed in any of the repair-proficient controls and occurred only rarely in a p53 null mutant. In striking contrast, chromosomal end fusions that retained telomeric sequence were observed in nontransformed DNA-PKcs-deficient cells, where they were a major source of chromosomal instability. Metacentric chromosomes created by telomeric fusion became even more abundant in these cells after spontaneous immortalization. Restoration of repair proficiency through transfection with a functional cDNA copy of the human DNA-PKcs gene reduced the number of fusions compared with a negative transfection control. Virally transformed cells derived from Ku70 and Ku80 knockout mice also displayed end-to-end fusions. These studies demonstrate that DNA double-strand break repair genes play a dual role in maintaining chromosomal stability in mammalian cells, the known role in repairing incidental DNA damage, as well as a new protective role in telomeric end-capping.
An acoustic proximity ranging system for monitoring the cavity thickness

To control high speed underwater vehicles, a proximity ranging system is needed to monitor the cavity thickness. In this paper, we study a time-of-flight (TOF) principle based acoustic proximity ranging system. By taking into account the acoustically hard boundary at the air-water interface, we first present a two-stage computationally efficient time delay estimation algorithm, referred to as the PEARS (Parameter Estimation for Acoustic Ranging Systems) algorithm, which is applicable to arbitrary transmitted waveforms. Numerical results based on a simulated waveform demonstrate that the PEARS estimates can approach the Cramer-Rao bound as the signal-to-noise ratio increases. We then present experiments performed by using commercially available acoustic transducers to further verify our method. To update TOF estimates quickly, a specially designed continuous wave (CW) is applied to the transducer. Experimental results show that PEARS can achieve high measurement accuracy for ranging distances less than 100 mm with an achievable parameter update rate of approximately 1.5 kHz.
Frequency and long-term impact of myonecrosis after coronary stenting

Aims To study the frequency of creatine kinase MB elevation in stent recipients and to correlate the magnitude of myonecrosis with long-term ischaemic events. Methods and Results We evaluated the frequency and impact (major adverse ischaemic events) of creatine kinase MB elevation in 3478 patients undergoing planned coronary stenting and divided them in five strata according to peak creatine kinase MB: normal, 1–3×, 3–5×, 5–10× and >10× above upper limit of normal. Graft intervention was done in 15% and 61% received platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors. The average follow-up period was 15±15 (range 1–72) months. Creatine kinase MB elevation above upper limit of normal occurred in 24% and in 5·3% it was greater than 5×upper limit of normal. The unadjusted rates of actuarial mortality in the five strata were: 7·5% (198/2637), 8·0% (40/502), 11·0% (17/155), 10·8% (11/102) and 29·3% (24/82), respectively, P <0·001. Logistic regression analysis including 18 demographic and procedural variables revealed that, in addition to age, extent of coronary disease, ventricular function and coronary risk profile, creatine kinase MB elevation was associated with a significant increase in major ischaemic events at follow-up. The excess risk was concentrated mainly in the highest stratum of creatine kinase MB elevation. Conclusions Thus, in the era of stenting and aggressive adjunctive pharmacology, peri-procedural myonecrosis still remains frequent and has an important impact on long-term event-free survival. Intensive efforts to reduce creatine kinase MB elevation after revascularization are warranted and should lead to important benefits. Copyright 2001 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Coverage and Lifetime Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks with Gaussian Distribution

A wireless sensor network (WSN) has to maintain a desirable sensing coverage and periodically report sensed data to the administrative center (i.e., base station) and the reporting period may range from months to years. Coverage and lifetime are two paramount problems in a WSN due to constraint of associated battery power. All previous theoretical analysis on the coverage and lifetime is primarily focused on the random uniform distribution of sensors or some specific network scenarios (e.g., a controllable WSN). In this paper, we provide an analytical framework for the coverage and lifetime of a WSN that follows a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution. We also study the coverage and lifetime when the dimensions of Gaussian dispersion (i.e., x, y) admit different Gaussian parameters (i.e., standard deviation, sigmaxnesigmay). We identify intrinsic properties of coverage/lifetime in terms of Gaussian distribution parameters, which is a fundamental issue in designing a WSN. Following the results obtained, we further determine the sensor deployment strategies for a WSN that could satisfy a predefined coverage and lifetime. Two deployment algorithms are developed based on using our analytical models and are shown to effectively increase the WSN lifetime.
Applying Norton's Challenge to the Study of Political Behavior: Focus on Process, the Particular, and the Ordinary

In 95 Theses Anne Norton picks a fight with conventional political science. She asks conventional political science to use different measures (indeed, conceptualize what we do as something other than “measuring”), use different methods, and ask different questions. Some may read this as a threat to an entire way of life. I read it as an intriguing and exciting challenge.
Conscience and the Common Good: Conscience and the Common Good

Our longstanding commitment to the liberty of conscience has become strained by our increasingly muddled understanding of what conscience is and why we value it. Too often we equate conscience with individual autonomy, and so we reflexively favor the individual in any contest against group authority, losing sight of the fact that a vibrant liberty of conscience requires a vibrant marketplace of morally distinct groups. Defending individual autonomy is not the same as defending the liberty of conscience because, while conscience is inescapably personal, it is also inescapably relational. Conscience is formed, articulated, and lived out through relationships, and its viability depends on the law’s willingness to protect the associations and venues through which individual consciences can flourish: these are the myriad institutions that make up the space between the person and the state. This essay is taken from my new book, Conscience and the Common Good: Reclaiming the Space Between Person and State (Cambridge Univ. Press 2010). The book seeks to reframe the debate about conscience by bringing its relational dimension into focus.
The causal relationship between clinical activity and journal use in a hospital library as analyzed by multiple regression

La regression multiple a ete utilisee pour analyser la relation entre l'activite clinique et l'emploi de la litterature scientifique. Ainsi l'utilisation de periodiques peut etre connue, a un certain degre, a partir de l'activite clinique connue
Regeneration: Not everything is scary about a glial scar

After spinal-cord injury, cells called astrocytes form a scar that is thought to block neuronal regeneration. The finding that the scar promotes regrowth of long nerve projections called axons challenges this long-held dogma. See Article p.195 It is widely believed that the astrocytic scars that develop following central nervous system (CNS) injury are a major obstacle to subsequent axonal regrowth. But here Michael Sofroniew and colleagues demonstrate that limiting the formation of the scar actually attenuates axon re-growth. Sustained delivery of axon-specific growth factors not typically present in spinal cord lesions allowed for robust re-growth, but only if the astrocytic scar was present. These results question the prevailing dogma and suggest that astrocyte scarring promotes — rather than prevents — CNS axon regeneration post-injury.
Reconstructing the citizen: Disaster, citizenship, and expertise in racial Guyana

This article examines the interlocking of nature and race within the overarching framework of the turn toward an idiom of ‘preparedness’ in disaster expertise in Guyana. Tracking the question of ra...
The Impact of Inferences on Product Evaluations: Replication and Extension:

The authors attempted to replicate and extend Huber and McCann's findings about the spontaneous occurrence of inferences between attributes in studies of product evaluations. Those findings provide...
Genetic Variations in the Progenies of the Diallel Crosses of Inbred Lines of Chicken

Abstract THE method of inbreeding and hybridization has been applied success fully in plant improvement, and has played a major role in many plant breeding investigation programs. In the case of domestic animals, a large number of commercial hybrid chickens has been produced in recent years in the United States. However, experimental evaluation of this method with animals has not been explored as extensively as it should have been. The long generation interval and low reproductive rate of the domestic animals, and great space and labor requirement might be the factors which have caused the drawback in experimenting with this method. Moreover, inbreeding depression greatly increases the operational costs and causes difficulty in maintaining the inbred lines. Inbreeding depression in the reproductive and physical characters of the domestic fowl has been reported by a number of investigators. Shoffner (1948) and Blow and Glazener (1953) reported that regression coefficients of age at…
Design and realization of a power grid diagram browser based on CIS

A diagram browser based on Component Interface Specification (CIS) is designed and realized in this paper. The back end of the browser is based on E language file and provides data service conforming to the IEC 61970 standards. The front end may fetch data and create multiple views including power grid layer view, diagram view and report view. The diagram includes schematic diagram, single line detailed view ,etc.
Molecular Imaging of Brain Tumors Using Liposomal Contrast Agents and Nanoparticles.

The advent of genomic, proteomic, and high-throughput screening technologies has made available many new targets for brain tumor imaging; however, target availability and accessibility need to be carefully considered when designing imaging probes. Nanoparticles, although largely still only used in preclinical studies, are a versatile tool for targeted imaging of physiologic and molecular aspects of brain tumors through many clinically used modalities. Liposomes can be used to transport diverse payloads in vivo, including contrast agents and drugs, and may be functionalized to increase circulation half-life and achieve targeting specificity. Polymeric, gold, and iron oxide nanoparticles have been used for diverse applications in preclinical studies; however, the utility of other methods, such as quantum dots and self-assembling DNA molecules, is yet to be established.
Gemcitabine Is An Active Agent In Acquired Human Immunodeficency HIV Related Lymphomas

Abstract Abstract 4951 Gemcitabine is a cell cycle phase specific cytotoxic agent. It’s phosphorylated products inhibit ribonucleotide reductase an enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis. It also competes with the incorporation of deoxycytosine triphospate (dCTP) into the DNA strands. After Gemcitabine is incorporated into the DNA the growing DNA strands will stop. Gemcitabine has proven to be an active cytotoxic agent in the treatment of lymphomas, either as a single agent or in combination with platinum and dexamethsone. Gemcitabine efficacy has not been investigated in the treatment of HIV patients with Lymphomas. The purpose of this abstract is to show our experience with this agent in HIV related lymphomas. This summarize the experience with three patients. First patient is 42 years old white male with diffuse large B cell type Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma involving the right psoas muscle and invading the pelvic nerve roarts causing intractable pain that has not been resonsive to CHOP (four cycles), the third patient is a 55 years old hispanic female with stage IV Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (mixed cellularity) that has failed ABVD × 6 cycles and progressed in less than two months from completion of treatment. This patient presented with B symptoms and cachexia at relapse. The third patient is 50 years old black male with stage III Immunoblastic B Cell Lymphoma who failed EPOCH. All patients were on HAART medication and viral load were undetectable in two of these patient (2,3). The first patient received Gemcitabine alone. With two weekly doses of 1000mg/M2 the pain resolved and he stopped narcotics and was refered to other institution for autologus bone marrow transplant. The second patient received two cycles of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Decadron within one dose the B symptoms and the sever bony pain have disappeared completely. The third patient completed six cycles of treatment; each cycle is of twenty eight days duration; Gemcitabine 1000mg/M2 given IV on week one and two(day1) and Cisplatinum 80/M2 mg given IV on day one with decadron 40 mg po with each chemotherapy treatment. This patient has been in complete remisson and is alive after three years. In conlusion: Gemcitabine is an active agent that can be used safely in HIV/AIDS patients with lymphomas with good results. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dramatic increase in the utilization of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for detection and management of prostate cancer.

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate is an evolving technology that provides functional information of the prostate that helps distinguish benign from malignant lesions. We hypothesized that mpMRI is rapidly adopted in the US to fill the unmet need for a non-invasive, accurate screening tool. The aim of this study is to assess the increasing utilization of mpMRI for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. We conducted a retrospective review of an institutional clinical data repository of four million patients. Clinical information from all men undergoing mpMRI from October 2013 to December 2015 was collected in a prospectively designed database. Individual chart reviews were performed for each patient. 1521 mpMRI of the prostate were performed with an increase in the use of 486% over 26 months. The most common indication for mpMRI was abnormal screening (64%) and 47% of these men went on to prostate biopsy, either by cognitive mapping (65%) or MRI–US fusion targeting (35%). 261 men elected to defer prostate needle biopsy after informative decision-making with their urologist. 12.7% of mpMRI were performed for active surveillance, 7.5% for clinical staging, and 3.2% by radiation oncologists planning radiotherapy. 7% of mpMRI were performed to evaluate the pelvis for biochemical recurrence, a third of which identified a region of suspicion for targeted. Prostate mpMRI is increasingly performed for both the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. As clinical utilization increases along with the diffusion of technology and radiologic expertise, MpMRI has the potential to influence clinical decision-making and fulfill the need for a non-invasive, accurate tool for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
Electrochemical Properties and CO2-Reduction Ability of m-Terphenyl Isocyanide Supported Manganese Tricarbonyl Complexes

To circumvent complications with redox-active ligands commonly encountered in the study of manganese electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, we have studied the electrochemistry of the manganese mixed carbonyl/isocyanide complexes XMn(CO)3(CNArDipp2)2 (X = counteranion), to evaluate the pairing effects of the counteranion and their influence over the potential necessary for metal-based reduction. The complexes described herein have been shown to act as functional analogues to the known homoleptic carbonyl manganese complexes [Mn(CO)5]n (n = 1–, 0, 1+). The m-terphenyl isocyanide ligand CNArDipp2 improves the kinetic stability of the resulting mixed carbonyl/isocyanide systems, such that conversion among all three oxidation states is easily effected by chemical reagents. Here, we have utilized an electrochemical study to fully understand the redox chemistry of this system and its ability to facilitate CO2 reduction and to provide comparison to known manganese-based CO2 electrocatalysts. Two complexes, BrMn(CO)...
Development of Physically Based Atomistic Microstructures: The Effect on the Mechanical Response of Polycrystals.

Abstract A method for the generation of atomistic realizations of polycrystalline aggregates from a phase field grain growth model is presented. Topologies of computational microstructures constructed from the proposed method as well as conventional Poisson Voronoi tessellation are quantitatively compared. While little difference is exhibited in the macroscale mechanical response, substantial differences in the resolved contribution to strain of deformation mechanisms of the structures under uniaxial tension are uncovered using post-processing kinematic metrics. These differences in the fundamental strain accommodation processes suggest that grain topology and grain boundary character significantly affect local responses of polycrystals in molecular dynamics simulations and that significant attention should be paid to the chosen starting microstructure.
Challenges of T3 and T4 Translational Research.

Translational research is a new and important way of thinking about research. It is a major priority of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. NIH has created the Clinical and Translational Science Awards to promote this priority. NIH has defined T1 and T2 phases of translational research in the medical field, in order to bring the benefits of scientific results into communities. Current discussions focus on clarifying the subsequent phases of translational research necessary to achieve the intended social impact of research. This article suggests that T3 translational research could aim at getting research out of the highly controlled environment of the academic health center and into the real world. Likewise, it suggests T4 translational research could aim at policy development through policy analysis and evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, and surveillance studies. Translational research has challenges beyond definitions. Translational research is incomplete at any level unless appropriate steps are taken to communicate the results to relevant stakeholders. It appears that communication is currently suboptimal at all levels of translation. Translational research also faced challenges in research funding and training of researchers. Translational thinking should be a key part of research policy and research practice at all levels.
Effect of oscillating time of feeding and oscillating diet formulation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers

Smaller farms often lack the control over feeding and weighing that commercial feedlots possess. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of oscillating feeding time and oscillating diet formulation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot cattle fed dry, whole shelled corn–based diets. A total of 168 steers were blocked by initial BW (280 ± 8.7 kg) and allotted to 24 pens. Pens were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) control, fed the same diet and at the same time each day; (2) oscillating feeding time, fed the same diet as control fed 1 h earlier on odd days and 1 h later on even days of the experiment; and (3) oscillating diet formulation, fed the diet at the same time every day but with diet formulation changed daily (10% distillers dried grains with solubles was added on the even days and 10% removed on the odd days). Animal performance (BW, DMI, and G:F) was measured over 166 to 174 d. At the end of the experiment, steers were weighed and slaughtered, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (PROC Mixed, SAS) using treatment as a fixed variable and pen and block as random variables. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) for any variable. In conclusion, small daily diet formulation or feed delivery timing variations did not affect performance and carcass characteristics when whole shelled corn was fed to feedlot cattle.
Excavating Meningoencephaloceles: A Newly Recognized Entity:

BackgroundSpontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are largely attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension and typically present as skull base defects with or without prolapse of intracra...