cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium-Catalyzed, Chemoselective and Regioselective Oxidation of Polyisobutene.

Polyolefins are important commodity plastics, yet their lack of functional groups limits their applications. The functionalization of C–H bonds holds promise for incorporating functionalities into ...
Transitioning to a Team-Based Learning Principles Course.

Team-based learning is a powerful collaborative learning technique that can be used effectively in a principles of economics course, although its implementation can be costly for instructors and st...
P64 Tap Water Safety and Connection to the Flint Water Crisis Associated with Beverage Intake Among Low-Income Michigan Families

Background Many Michigan communities have experienced threats to the safety of their tap water; the most well-known being the Flint Water Crisis. Little is known about how Michigan families perceive tap water and the extent to which beliefs about tap water safety influence beverage intake. Objective To identify perceptions of tap water safety among low-income mothers residing in Michigan and examine associations between these perceptions, mothers’ beverage intake, infant feeding practices, and young children's beverage intake. Study Design, Settings, Participant In fall 2020, 3,881 low-income women who had given birth at the University of Michigan hospital between fall 2016 and fall 2020 were invited to complete a one-time online survey. Sixteen percent of women responded; 13% (N = 503) were eligible to participate and provided valid data. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Bivariate analyses and multivariable regression were used to examine associations between perceptions of tap water safety and mother-reported self and child beverage intake. Results Eleven percent of mothers reported that their tap water is unsafe to drink and 22% were unsure if their water is safe to drink. Negative perceptions of home tap water and tap water in general were associated with greater consumption of bottled water, using bottled water (vs tap) to make infant formula, and young children's bottled water intake. Mothers with friends or family in Flint during the Flint Water Crisis also drank more bottled water and gave their children bottled water more often than mothers without. Mothers’ negative perceptions of tap water in general were associated with greater sugar-sweetened beverage intake among mothers and young children. On average, mothers spent $27/month on bottled water. Conclusion Distrust of tap water is common among low-income Michigan mothers. This distrust creates an economic and health burden due to reliance on bottled water and may increase socioeconomic inequalities in nutrition. Community-based interventions that improve trust and increase knowledge of tap water safety among low-income women are needed.
A contribuição da hermenêutica para o trabalho do médico radiologista diante das transformações oriundas da inovação tecnológica

Abstract: In the contemporary scenario, machines have replaced workers. This transformation leads to thinking about the work of the radiologist, who today needs other skills, ways of relating to people and with knowledge, suggesting that technical-instrumental knowledge alone may not be enough anymore, since artificial intelligence is a possible threat to this professional. However, would it be a machine capable of replacing man in way of thinking, in interpersonal relationships and in his contextualized analyzes? In search of answers, a theoretical research was carried out, with a qualitative focus, with the general goal of understanding and demonstrating the contribution of hermeneutics to the work of the radiologist in face of the transformations resulting from technological innovation. The human mind needs to be reorganized and led to new ways of thinking. Thus, we bet on hermeneutics, mainly through dialogue, to empower the radiologist and assure the importance of the human factor in the exercise of his profession. Keywords: Radiologist. Technological innovation. Hermeneutics.
The New Left and the Human Service Professions

There are three characteristics of the New Left which had impact on social and human service professionals. Egalitarianism produced distrustof orthodox professional detachment from and power over poor and minority persons. The movement also gave expression to guilt, for some, over their "privileged" backgrounds. The New Left's decentralist views about power produced an orientation to local insurgency: the organization of neighborhood and community activist organizations. In combination, for those influenced by the movement and entering the professions, a characteristic type of new professionalism arose: advocacy for the interests and organizations of the oppressed. Illustrations of this process are found in city planning and the academic disciplines, as well as other traditional and social service professions.
Analysis of Tunnel Liner-Packing Systems

A method is developed for analysis of cylindrical tunnel liner-packing systems subjected to transient loads. The continuous system is replaced by a discrete model consisting of axially deformable straight bars connected by flexible joints. The packing material is replaced by a radial spring at each joint. Force-deformation equations are derived for elastic and inelastic behavior of all elements. An averaging process is used to permit determination of the interaction of thrusts and bending moments in the inelastic range. The equations of motion for each point mass are solved by numerical integration. A computer program which utilizes the procedure is described. A procedure for selecting the time interval for numerical integration is given. Typical results for various numbers of mass points in the model are presented.
Oxidative Metabolism of Foreign Compounds in Rat Small Intestine: Cellular Localization and Dependence on Dietary Iron

Oxidative metabolism of foreign compounds was measured in the intestinal mucosa of male rats. Activities of benzpyrene hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450 content were 3 to 10 times higher in epithelial cells of the upper villus than in mucosal crypt cells. Villous tip cells of the upper small intestine exhibited much higher cytochrome P-450 content and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity than did tip cells of lower intestinal segments. In rats fed commercial. chow diet, cytochrome P-450 content and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in villous tip cells of duodenal mucosa were higher than in animals fed a semisynthetic diet, but cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were unaffected. On restriction of dietary iron intake, cytochrome P-450 and oxidative enzyme activity fell sharply, but were completely restored in 24 hr by oral iron supplementation, whereas parenteral iron administration was ineffective. These findings suggest that intestinal drug metabolism is localized primarily in the upper villous cells of the proximal intestinal mucosa, that cytochrome P-450 is synthesized in maturing epithelial cells as they migrate from the crypts to the tip of the mucosal villi, and that this process is dependent critically upon absorption of iron from the intestinal lumen.
Radiofrequency Spectroscopy of Rydberg Atoms

One of the most compelling reasons for studying highly excited, or Rydberg, atoms is that in such atoms the Rydberg electron spends most of its time far from the ionic core. This one property has many interesting implications. For example, collisions of excited atoms with other neutral atoms and molecules may be treated as collisions with a separate ion and electron. From a spectroscopic point of view, the valence electron serves as a very gentle probe of the properties of the ionic core. Thus, one of the interesting features of Rydberg states of any atom but hydrogen is the comparison with hydrogenic behavior.
An adaptive density-based clustering algorithm for spatial database with noise

Clustering spatial data has various applications. Several clustering algorithms have been proposed to cluster objects in spatial databases. Spatial object distribution has significant effect on the results of clustering. Few of current algorithms consider the distribution of objects while processing clusters. In this paper, we propose an adaptive density-based clustering algorithm, ADBC, which uses a novel adaptive strategy for neighbor selection based on spatial object distribution to improve clustering accuracy. We perform a series of experiments on simulated data sets and real data sets. A comparison with DBSCAN and OPTICS shows the superiority of our new approach.
Computer-Aided Computing

Formal program design methods are most useful when supported with suitable mechanization. This need for mechanization has long been apparent, but there have been doubts whether verification technology could cope with the problems of scale and complexity. Though there is very little compelling evidence either way at this point, several powerful mechanical verification systems are now available for experimentation. Using SRI's PVS as one representative example, we argue that the technology of mechanical verification is already quite effective. PVS derives its power from an integration of theorem proving with type-checking, decision procedures with interactive proof construction, and more recently, model checking with theorem proving. We discuss these individual aspects of PVS using examples, and motivate some of the challenges that lie ahead.
Postrubella encephalomyelitis: Report of cases in Detroit and review of literature

Summary Fourteen new cases of encephalitis following German measles arereported and the clinical features of thirty-four previously reported cases summarized.
Developing new biomedical imaging modalities through the applications of novel optical concepts

I will discuss some of the recent developments in biomedical optical imaging technology. The topics include the development of molecular contrast capable optical coherence tomography (OCT), Fourier domain OCT and second harmonic self-reference phase interferometry.
Extending the Sensitivity to the Detection of WIMP Dark Matter with an Improved Understanding of the Limiting Neutron Backgrounds

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) uses position-sensitive Germanium and Silicon crystals in the direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) believed to constitute most of the dark matter in the Universe. WIMP interactions with matter being rare, identifying and eliminating known backgrounds is critical for detection. Event-by-event discrimination by the detectors rejects the predominant gamma and beta backgrounds while Monte Carlo simulations help estimate, and subtract, the contribution from the neutrons. This thesis describes the effort to understand neutron backgrounds as seen in the two stages of the CDMS search for WIMPs. The first stage of the experiment was at a shallow site at the Stanford Underground Facility where the limiting background came from high-energy neutrons produced by cosmic-ray muon interactions in the rock surrounding the cavern. Simulations of this background helped inform the analysis of data from an experimental run at this site and served as input for the background reduction techniques necessary to set new exclusion limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross-section, excluding new parameter space for WIMPs of masses 8-20 GeV/c{sup 2}. This thesis considers the simulation methods used as well as how various event populations in the data served as checks on the simulations tomore » allow them to be used in the interpretation of the WIMP-search data. The studies also confirmed the presence of a limiting neutron background at the shallow site, necessitating the move to the 713-meter deep Soudan Underground Facility. Similar computer-based studies helped quantify the neutron background seen at the deeper site and informed the analysis of the data emerging from the first physics run of the experiment at Soudan. In conjunction with the WIMP-search and calibration data, the simulations confirmed that increased depth considerably reduced the neutron backgrounds seen, greatly improving the sensitivity to WIMP detection. The data run set an upper limit of 4 x 10{sup -43} on the WIMP-nucleon cross section for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c{sup 2} . Upper limits to the rate of background neutrons have also been determined.« less
A single-subject design of ergonomic intervention effectiveness for university employees in a new facility.

As clinicians are searching for evidence to support their practice interventions, it is sometimes hard to find the "real- world" studies that incorporate the complexities of actual practice. Following calls in the public health, nursing and medical literature for clinicians to participate in practice-based evidence, this pilot study explores the effectiveness of a single-subject design for practice-based evidence. Twenty-five "well" university employees participated in an ergonomic intervention over the course of one academic semester that consisted of a 15 min ergonomic intake session, a 45 min group hands-on ergonomic educational session and a 15 min individual ergonomic consult in their offices. Participants were sent postural comfort surveys weekly and their subjective ratings were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention to decrease their perceived postural discomfort at a computer work station. Twenty-one of the twenty-five participants reported an improvement in postural comfort over the course of the study. This pilot study suggests that further investigation needs to be conducted to determine the effectiveness of hands-on ergonomic education and consultation for well populations working at computer workstations.
Stacks and Queues

Data organize naturally as lists. We have already used the Array and ArrayList classes for handling data organized as a list. Although those data structures helped us group the data in a convenient form for processing, neither structure provides a real abstraction for actually designing and implementing problem solutions. Two list-oriented data structures that provide easy-to-understand abstractions are stacks and queues. Data in a stack are added and removed from only one end of the list; data in a queue are added at one end and removed from the other end of a list. Stacks are used extensively in programming language implementations, from everything from expression evaluation to handling function calls. Queues are used to prioritize operating system processes and to simulate events in the real world, such as teller lines at banks and the operation of elevators in buildings. VB.NET provides two classes for using these data structures: the Stack class and the Queue class. We'll discuss how to use these classes and look at some practical examples in this chapter. STACKS, A STACK IMPLEMENTATION, AND THE STACK CLASS The stack is one of the most frequently used data structures, as we just mentioned. We define a stack as a list of items that are accessible only from the end of the list, which is called the top of the stack. The standard model for a stack is a stack of trays at a cafeteria.
Goethe’s Entoptische Farben and the Problem of Polarity

When Ludwig Tieck visited Samuel Taylor Coleridge at Highgate in June, 1817, their conversation certainly concerned matters literary, for Tieck had been busy at the British Museum collecting transcriptions for “his great Work on Shakespear” (Coleridge, 1959, 4, pp. 744–747). As his letters reveal, however, Coleridge was much more excited by their discussion of the mysticism of Boehme and Tauler, the animal magnetism practiced by Wohlfahrt, and the color theory of Goethe, topics that Coleridge found intimately conjoined through the principle of polarity. Digressing at length on Tieck’s account of Schelling and Spinoza, the tetractys of τo θeiον and ’ο θɛoς, Coleridge confesses that “these Tieckiana have seduced me from Mr. Tieck himself (1959, 4, p. 745). Goethe’s Farbenlehre and his supplemental work on entoptics were discussed, as Coleridge makes evident in his letter to Tieck at Oxford (4 July 1817), under the same constellation of mystical and magnetic polarity: I am anxious to learn the specific Objections of the Mathematicians to Goethe’s Farbenlehre, as far as it is an attack on the assumptions of Newton. To me, I confess, Newton’s positions, first of a Ray of light, as a physical synodical Individuum, secondly, that specific individua are co-existent (by what copula?) in this complex yet divisible Ray; thirdly, that the Prism is a mere mechanic Dissector of this Ray; and lastly, that Light, as the common result, is = confusion; have always, and years before I ever heard of Gothe, appeared monstrous FICTIONS! — and in this conviction I became perfectly indifferent, as to the forms of their geometrical Picturability. The assumption of the Thing, Light, where I can find nothing but visibility under given conditions, was always a stumbling-block to me. Before my visit to Germany in September, 1798, I had adopted (probably from Behmen’s Aurora, which I had conjured over at School) the idea that Sound was = Light under the praepotence of Gravitation, and Color = Gravitation under the praepotence of Light: and I have never seen the reason to change my faith in this respect (1959, 4, pp. 750–751).
Collagen matrix staple line reinforcement in gastric bypass

Abstract Background Staple line leaks and bleeding, anastomotic strictures, and marginal ulcers are significant complications of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for morbid obesity. Reinforcing the staple lines with bovine collagen matrix reinforcement (CMR) might safely decrease the incidence of leaks and bleeding without causing other complications. Our objective was to determine the effect in RYGB of reinforcing the linear and circular gastric staple lines with CMR on the outcomes including abdominal septic events, blood transfusions, and the incidence of stricture and marginal ulceration of the gastrojejunostomy in a private bariatric surgery practice at 2 Surgical Review Committee Center of Excellence community hospitals. Methods We performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data comparing consecutive outcomes of 505 patients undergoing RYGB without CMR from 2005 to 2006 to 568 patients with CMR of the linear and circular gastric staple lines from 2007 to 2009. Results The application of CMR was associated with a significant reduction from 4% to 1% in the incidence of abdominal septic events, including frank staple line leakage, purulent drainage, and abscess. The number of patients needing transfusion showed a trend downward. The frequency of stricture (1%) and marginal ulceration (2%) was unchanged. No gastrogastric fistulas were identified in either group. No evidence of migration of collagen matrix material appeared after CMR. The 90-day mortality rate for each group was .2% and was unrelated to staple line complications. Conclusion The use of CMR was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of abdominal septic complications and a trend toward fewer patients needing transfusion. The frequency of stricture and marginal ulceration was unchanged by the use of CMR.
Dispersity improvement in solvent casting particle/polymer composite

The standard solvent casting method for preparing particle/polymer composites is reviewed. Unless extraordinary conditions are used, the standard process is restricted to thin films because of difficulties (blistering) that occur during the solvent removal. These thin films have better dispersion and less clustering of the metal particle loading than if comparable materials were made by adding metal powder into a polymer melt. However, the best dispersion is obtained in a new process where thin films in the standard process go through a redissolving step (or steps) described herein. Characterization by the large particle end of the particle size distribution confirms the reduced clustering tendency of particles in the new process.
SU-E-T-217: The Effect of Image-Guided Isocenter Shifts On Optically-Stimulated Luminescent in Vivo Dosimetry

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the uncertainty in dose measurements by optically‐stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD) as a Results of image‐guided isocenter shifts in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) of prostate cancer patients. Methods: Daily image‐guided couch shifts were extracted from the record and verify system for 25 pre‐op prostate cancer patients (1130 fractions) with implanted fiducials and 7 post‐op prostate cancer patients (255 fractions) registered using bony anatomy. Standard deviations were calculated to quantify typical isocenter shifts in the superior‐inferior, anterior‐posterior and lateral directions. Typical shifts were applied to treatment plans for 13 pre‐op and 9 post‐op prostate cancer patients treated with VMAT and tracked with weekly OSLDs. Keeping the number of monitor units constant, the dose to the OSLD was recalculated for all 27 combinations of isocenter shifts. All shifted measurements were compared to the original location. Standard deviations of these percent difference distributions quantified the dosimeter uncertainty due to isocenter shifts for fiducial‐matched and bone‐matched image guidance. Clinical OSLD readings were compared with calculated uncertainties and correlated with actual image‐guided shifts. Results: Shifts for fiducial‐matched and bony‐landmark matched image guidance were 4 mm/5 mm/5 mm, and 3 mm/2 mm/3 mm in the superior‐inferior, anterior‐posterior, and lateral directions respectively. Standard deviations of 7.4% for prostate patients matched to the fiducial marker and 5.6% for the patients matched to bony anatomy were calculated. Clinical OSLD readings often exceeded these values and showed little correlation with actual image‐guided shifts. Conclusion: Image‐guided isocenter shifts contribute substantial uncertainty in expected dose to OSLDs that must be taken into account if the dosimeter is placed before image guidance. Additional clinical uncertainties must be investigated before appropriate tolerances can be applied to OSL dosimetry.
A teacher is like a …: Using simile lists to explore personal metaphors

Abstract Educational researchers have begun exploring teachers’ beliefs and construction of knowledge through their use of metaphors. In this study undergraduate and graduate education students were asked to respond to open‐ended statements and a list of similes describing what teachers, students, and classrooms were like. A comparison of the subject generated similes with the simile list responses suggested that the simile list responses were valid reflections of the subjects’ personal metaphors. A factor analysis of the responses to the similes generated interpretable constructs for understanding the relationships underlying the similes.
Longwave Ultraviolet Radiation (UVA, 320–400 nm)-Induced Tan Protects Human Skin Against Further UVA Injury

The protective effect of a UVA (320-400 nm) induced tan against cutaneous injury by further UVA-irradiation was studied by evaluating the histopathologic changes in tanned and untanned normal human buttock skin 24 h after exposure to 2 and 4 minimal erythema doses of UVA. In each subject there were fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes and less endothelial cell prominence and vessel wall necrosis in the UVA tanned skin than in the untanned UVA-irradiated skin. In the tanned control and tanned UVA-irradiated skin there was a prominent mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate that was much greater than in untanned skin. In immunoperoxidase stained tissue sections, the mononuclear cells were predominantly T cells, and in all of the specimens the number of phenotypic helper/inducer cells exceeded the phenotypic cytotoxic/suppressor cells. This demonstrates that a UVA tan provides photoprotection against acute UVA exposure. In addition, tanning, with or without further UVA-irradiation, was associated with a mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate.
Pathologic prognostic factors in Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma : A follow-up study of 96 patients

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate a variety of histologic features, some of which to our knowledge have never been evaluated in Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma (BAd) (such as Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction and peritumoral lymphoid response) in patients with and without preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (chemrad) to determine their prognostic significance in these two groups of patients. METHODS Tumor sections from 96 patients (83 males and 13 females; mean age, 62 years) with resected BAd (61 with chemrad and 35 without chemrad) were evaluated for numerous histologic features such as pathologic stage according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system, peritumoral lymphoid infiltrate, Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction, and degree of post chemrad residual tumor and correlated with the preoperative chemrad status and with survival (mean follow-up, 23 months). RESULTS By univariate analysis, older patient age (P = 0.02), higher pathologic stage (P = 0.02) (including depth of invasion and lymph node status), infiltrative growth pattern (P = 0.05), perineural invasion (P = 0.05), vascular invasion (P = 0.04), and the absence of a peritumoral lymphoid infiltrate (P = 0.04) were associated with shortened survival in the entire cohort and in patients without chemrad, with the exception of infiltrative growth pattern (P = 0.1 in the nonchemrad group only). Higher stage was the only feature associated with decreased survival in the chemrad group. Subcategorization of lymph nodes according to the number involved with metastases (fewer than four, four to seven, and greater than seven) had no further effect on prognosis. However, subcategorization of T1 tumors into T1a and T1b did influence prognosis in a negative manner. Using multivariate analysis, only older patient age (P = 0.005) and the absence of a peritumoral lymphoid infiltrate (P = 0.05) were statistically associated with poor survival independent of stage. In addition, perineural invasion (P = 0.07) showed a trend toward shortened survival in patients with this feature. Preoperative chemrad had no effect on survival in this retrospective nonrandomized cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the strong prognostic usefulness of the TNM staging system in patients with resected BAd, even in those patients who received preoperative chemrad. In addition, older patient age, the absence of a peritumoral lymphoid infiltrate, and possibly perineural invasion correlate with poor survival independent of pathologic stage in patients with these tumors. Cancer 1999;85:520–8. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Violence, Access, and Competition in the Market for Protection

Abstract We conduct a laboratory experiment to examine the performance of a market for protection. As the central feature of our treatment comparisons, we vary the access that “peasants” have to violence-empowered “elites”. The focus of the experiment is to observe how elites enforce and operate their protective services to peasants, and to observe the degree to which elites engage in wealth-destroying violence in competition amongst each other for wealth-generating peasants. We find that greater access to peasants strikingly increases violence among the elites, but with limited access the elites markedly extract more tribute from the peasants. Our findings are particularly relevant to the discussion of violence in developing countries.
Intradistrict equity of public education resources and performance

Abstract This paper presents empirical evidence on input and output equity of expenditures, teacher resources, and performance across 840 elementary and middle schools in New York City. Historically, researchers have studied interdistrict distributions, but given the large numbers of pupils and schools within many urban districts, it is important to learn about intradistrict distributions as well. The empirical work is built on a framework of horizontal, vertical, and equal opportunity equity. The results show that the horizontal equity distributions are more disparate than what would be expected relative to results of other studies, vertical equity is lacking, especially in elementary schools, and equality of opportunity is at best neutral but more often absent. Middle schools exhibit more equity than elementary schools. The paper is one of the first to measure output equity, using levels and changes in test scores to do so.
Cooling electrons in semiconductor devices: A model of evaporative emission

We discuss the theory of cooling electrons in solid-state devices via “evaporative emission.” Our model is based on filtering electron subbands in a quantum-wire device. When incident electrons in a higher-energy subband scatter out of the initial electron distribution, the system equilibrates to a different chemical potential and temperature than those of the incident electron distribution. We show that this re-equilibration can cause considerable cooling of the system. We discuss how the device geometry affects the final electron temperatures, and consider factors relevant to possible experiments. We demonstrate that one can therefore induce substantial electron cooling due to quantum effects in a room-temperature device. The resulting cooled electron population could be used for photodetection of optical frequencies corresponding to thermal energies near room temperature.
Extending the multiple indicator dilution method to include slow intracellular diffusion

The traditional multiple indicator dilution (MID) method is extended to incorporate cytoplasmic concentration gradients due to slow intracellular diffusion of the permeable molecule. The new model is governed by a system of partial differential equations that are solved using Laplace transformation. An analysis of the transformed solution shows that the traditional MID method is a special case of the extended model. We then use simulation analysis to show that the traditional MID model and the new diffusion model generate similar outflow curves. However, when the traditional MID equations were used to analyze outflow curves generated using a system in which intracellular diffusion is slow compared to other transport processes, the recovered rate constants for the transmembrane and excretion processes were incorrect. The diffusion model permits estimation of the rate of intracellular transport of amphipathic molecules from suitable indicator dilution data.
System-level fault diagnosis: A survey

Abstract Due to recent advances in technology, the potential applications of the Theory of System-Level Fault Diagnosis have grown. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs on open problems in the theory itself have broadened its applicability. In this paper, we describe the motivations for studying the theory, its applicability to computer systems for achieving fault-tolerance, and the current results.
Lower Plasma Levels and Accelerated Clearance of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Transgenic Mice

Recent studies have indicated that the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) may play an important role in the uptake of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester in liver and steroidogenic tissues. To investigate the in vivo effects of liver-specific SR-BI overexpression on lipid metabolism, we created several lines of SR-BI transgenic mice with an SR-BI genomic construct where the SR-BI promoter region had been replaced by the apolipoprotein (apo)A-I promoter. The effect of constitutively increased SR-BI expression on plasma HDL and non-HDL lipoproteins and apolipoproteins was characterized. There was an inverse correlation between SR-BI expression and apoA-I and HDL cholesterol levels in transgenic mice fed either mouse chow or a diet high in fat and cholesterol. An unexpected finding in the SR-BI transgenic mice was the dramatic impact of the SR-BI transgene on non-HDL cholesterol and apoB whose levels were also inversely correlated with SR-BI expression. Consistent with the decrease in plasma HDL and non-HDL cholesterol was an accelerated clearance of HDL, non-HDL, and their major associated apolipoproteins in the transgenics compared with control animals. These in vivo studies of the effect of SR-BI overexpression on plasma lipoproteins support the previously proposed hypothesis that SR-BI accelerates the metabolism of HDL and also highlight the capacity of this receptor to participate in the metabolism of non-HDL lipoproteins.
Theoretical study of the low-lying states of MgN+2

The structure and binding energies of the low-lying states of MgN2+ have been computed at the multireference configuration interaction level of theory. The effect of Mg inner-shell correlation have been included using the core-polarization potential method. The charge-quadrupole interaction results in a linear 2Sigma+ ground state as expected. The excited states can arise from either the interaction of the 2-P state of Mg+ with N2 or from charge transfer states with Mg(sup 2+)N2- bonding character. The lowest lying excited state, 2-B2, is mixture of these two mechanisms, which results in a C2v, geometry with Mg atoms sitting at the N2 bond midpoint. The small barrier in the bending potential exists between this state and the 2-II State which is the lowest lying linear excited state.
Time finite element methods for large rotational dynamics of multibody systems

Abstract Weak formulations in Analytical Dynamics are developed, paralleling the variational methods in elastostatics, and including a fundamental yet novel approach for treating constraints (both holonomic and nonholonomic). A general three-field approach is presented, in which the momentum balance conditions, the compatibility conditions between displacement and velocity, the constitutive relations and the displacement and momentum boundary conditions are all enforced in weak form. A primal, or kinematic formulation is developed from the general form by enforcing the compatibility conditions and displacement boundary conditions a priori . The conditional stability of the kinematic formulation is the counterpart of the locking phenomenon in elastostatics and may be avoided, either by reduced order integration, or by utilizing a mixed formulation. Toward this end, a two-field mixed formulation is presented, which follows from the general form, when the constitutive relations are satisfied a priori . A general set of the constraint equations is introduced into the kinematic and mixed formulations, using a specific choice of multipliers, which results in modified variational principles. Several simple examples concerning rigid body dynamics are presented.
Revised 6p 2 P 1/2 level of Mo xiv

New observations of the 4s–6p transitions of Mo xiv have led to a revised identification for the 4d2D3/2–6p2P1/2 transition and a revised value for the 6p2P1/2 level.
University of Texas countermeasures to biological and chemical threats program

Developments in the continental U.S. (Anthrax letters disseminated October 2001 CONUS) and the international scene (Congo Crimean Fever emergence in Afghanistan-Pakistan border region OCONUS) have alerted the defense community to the threat of biological and chemical agents on civilian and military populations. The objective of the program will lead to the protection of U.S. and allied forces from biological/chemical threats. The following focus areas are being developed and integrated in our Program: ( I ) scientific validation; (2) medical countermeasures; and (3) communication and integrated conversion of data to knowledge. We are developing binder elements (high affinity antibodies, polynucleotide probes, and aptamers) for the sensors and platforms (MEMS, electronic tongue, hand held redox systems) for these sensor systems. To rapidly determine whether individuals have been exposed to threat agents, archival data sets have been established through a partnership with the Texas Department of Health. Large scale, real-time symptomatic diagnoses of patients from emergency medical facilities are being electronically collected and sent to an archival data facility for identification of emergent disease. The ability to diagnose emergent disease can be reduced to twenty-four hours from the week to several weeks currently required.
Coverage study of dense device-to-device communications underlaying cellular networks

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication operating as an underlay to the cellular network has been lately exploited to facilitate proximity-aware services and data traffic offloading. While D2D communication has great potentials to improve wireless network spectral efficiency and energy efficiency due to the proximity of communication parties and a higher spectrum reuse gain, how to guarantee the coverage and capacity for both cellular users and D2D users when dense D2D communications are carried underlay cellar networks still remains as a big challenge. This paper provides the coverage study by deriving the uplink and downlink SINR distributions for both cellular users and dense D2D users based on statistical user distribution and channel information. We model the spacial distribution of the D2D pairs as a homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP) and D2D users can either use cellular uplink resources or downlink resources. The simulation results match closely with the analytical studies. The analytical tools can be conveniently extended to evaluate other key D2D wireless network performance metrics including network capacity and outage probability, and provide great insights on the critical network design issues such as power control, interference management, and resource allocations.
Validity of a Symbolic Measure of Authoritarianism

A symbolic, non-verbal measure of authoritarianism was responded to by male and female, white and black commercial business school students, undergraduates, and graduate social work students (N = 287). Scores on the symbolic measure showed low (.35 to .39) predictable “known groups” validity and were generally correlated as theoretically anticipated with both objectively measured and self-perceived conservatism, birth order, religious fundamentalism, subjective social-class position, and intrafamilial consistency of psychological attributes and socio-political ideologies. Given the methodological limitations of verbal authoritarianism measures, these results suggest some potential advantages of the presently reported non-verbal test of the authoritarianism dimension.
Nitrogen uptake and allocation by field‐grown ‘Arapaho’ Thornless blackberry

Abstract Spring surface applications of 15nitrogen (N)‐labeled urea were made in March 1995 and 1996 on one and two‐year‐old, field‐grown ‘Arapaho’ blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) plants. Individual whole‐plant samples were collected at pre‐harvest (late May), post‐harvest (mid‐July), and early dormancy (late October). Plant parts separated for analysis were roots, primocanes, floricanes, primocane leaves, floricane leaves; and fruits. Soil samples were also taken from within the plant drip line at each sample date. Plant tissues were washed, dry weights measured, ground for acid digestion, total N determined, and 15N analyzed. Plants collected in October had more total dry matter, with roots, primocanes, and primocane leaves contributing most to this total. Total N content decreased in all vegetative tissues (leaves and canes) from May to October. Compared to other plant tissues, floricane leaves and primocanes recovered significantly more fertilizer N in May while roots and primocane leaves contained ...
CONDENSATION OF CONFLICTS BY NUMBER LANGUAGE IN A CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS.

We shall trace the unraveling in therapy of a bizarre number language used by a thirteen-year-old Negro girl, treated on the Children's Inpatient Psychiatric Service of the Los Angeles County General Hospital. To our knowledge, such a case has not been reported in the literature. When Beulah was first admitted to the ward in June of 1960, she was a withdrawn, obese, moderately light-skinned Negro girl with striking hair bangs down to her eyebrows. Her laughter was inappropriate; she made guttural, grunting sounds, belched loudly, presented bizarre posturing and seemed to be responding to auditory hallucinations. The most bizarre feature of her inappropriate behavior was her use of numbers like "34," "59," "89." She shouted these numbers, sometimes in repetition, sometimes as a single explosive verbalization, or recited them without affect for many minutes. There did not seem to be any order to her use of the numbers, and the changes in tone and pitch could not be understood. All attempts to dissuade her from using the numbers or to question her about the meaning of them were of no avail. In addition to her raucous recitation of numbers, Beulah drew endless numbers of crayon-eolored weird-looking animals. These animals had the above-mentioned numbers for heads. Initially she spent most of her time on the ward in solitude, drawing these number-headed animals, shouting out her long series of numbers, and looking at pic-
Determination of Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Helium Microwave Plasma Torch Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled to Gas Chromatography

A helium microwave plasma torch (MPT) was coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) for the detection of halogenated hydrocarbons separated by capillary gas chromatography (GC). The GC-MPT-TOFMS system offered excellent stability over the course of the experiments and avoided mass spectral peak distortions caused by spectral skew. In the initial studies, empirical formulas based on the halogen-to-carbon ratio were predicted utilizing a flow cell apparatus. The MPT proved to be very robust and could handle large amounts of organic vapor. Results from this study indicate that, for both aromatic and aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, the ratios of carbon to chlorine signals correlate well (r = 0.994) with the ones expected from their chemical composition. This study was later extended to include chromatographic separation. For a series of homologous aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, a correlation coefficient of 0.999 was obtained for both peak heights and peak areas obtained from a single chroma...
High Variety Models

Since a person beginning design education has lived over 18 years within the designed world, his knowledge and abilities derived from that experience can operate as valuable assets to him as a student. Studies in the Foundation Division have shown ways to tap that potential by orienting design education toward a search process. This allows one to use his personal history as both a knowledge base and a procedure for designing. Although the attitude enables a student to integrate all educational variables within a heuristic structure, it forces new approaches to learning.
Some remarks on Reid on primary and secondary qualities

John Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities of objects has meet resistance. In this paper I bypass the traditional critiques of the distinction and instead concentrate on two specific counterexamples to the distinction: Killer yellow and the puzzle of multiple dispositions. One can accommodate these puzzles, I argue, by adopting Thomas Reid’s version of the primary/secondary quality distinction, where the distinction is founded upon conceptual grounds. The primary/secondary quality distinction is epistemic rather than metaphysical. A consequence of Reid’s primary/ secondary quality distinction is that one must deny the original version of Molyneux’s question, while one must affirm an amended version of it. I show that these two answers to Molyneux’s question are not at odds with current empirical research.
The Crossed-orbit Model of Helium, its Ionisation Potential, and Lyman Series

TAKING for granted the dynamical legitimacy of the crossed-orbit model as originally proposed by Bohr (Zeits. fur Physik, ix., 1922, p. 1) for normal helium, I find for its negatived total energy, with the usual Coulomb law of force, and treating the two orbits as “circular” in the literal sense of the word, where F is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind, i the inclination of the planes of the two one-quantic orbits, in Bohr's case 120°, and the remaining letters are the usual symbols of the universal constants. In accordance with symmetry, the electrons are assumed simultaneously to pass the nodes, that is, the opposite ends of the common diameter. (Details of deduction of (1) are given in a paper to be published shortly.) If one of the electrons be removed to “infinity”, the energy of the remaining ionised atom He+ is 4Nch, where N = N: (1 + m/M). The small difference N–N being irrelevant for our purpose, the ionisation work thus becomes, by (1), W = Nch(3–7F/4), or, the equivalent wave-number (of the flash emitted at the return of the removed electron),
Chemical Changes in Liquid Benzene Multiply Shock Compressed to 25 GPa

Shock wave experiments utilizing stepwise-loading, with peak stresses ranging between 4 and 25 GPa, were performed to examine the dynamic high pressure response of liquid benzene at thermodynamic conditions not attainable in single shock experiments. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the molecular and chemical changes on sub-μs time scales. Up to 20 GPa, the Raman modes showed pressure-induced shifting and broadening but no indication of a chemical change. At 24.5 GPa, however, the Raman modes become indistinguishable from an increasing background within 40 ns after the sample attained peak pressure, indicating a chemical change. A thermodynamically consistent equation of state (EOS) was developed to calculate the relevant thermodynamic variables in multiply shock compressed liquid benzene. Idealized molecular configurations were used in combination with the thermodynamic quantities in the shocked state to calculate the intermolecular separation between benzene molecules and to ascertai...
Microfocusing 4-keV to 65-keV xrays with bent Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors

We present the test results of micro-focusing a continuous spectrum (4 KeV - 65 keV) of x rays using two, 100 mm long, actively bent mirrors in a Kirkpatrick-Baez geometry. The mirrors are figured by applying in situ two different moments on the ends resulting in a surface figure that approximates an ellipse. We have demonstrated the ability to doubly focus NSLS bending magnet x rays from 4 KeV to 13 KeV to a spot size less than 4 microns in diameter with a net gain of 2000 over a similar size beam produced with slits. In the bending magnet test the beam was focused in the vertical direction with a high quality rhodium coated Si mirror with a rms surface roughness and slope error less than 2 angstrom and 2 (mu) rad, respectively. The horizontal mirror consisted of uncoated float glass with significantly greater roughness and slope error. This combination of mirrors worked extremely well, pointing the direction for inexpensive micro-focusing optics. Vertical focusing tests were also performed using only the high quality Si mirror. On the bending magnet, x rays were focused to 30 KeV using an incidence angle of 2 mrad achieving a best focus of 2.5 microns FWHM, resulting in a net gain of 91. Additional high energy focusing tests were carried out at the NSLS superconducting wiggler beamline X17. In this case a continuous x-ray spectrum was vertically focused using the Si mirror with an energy cutoff of 65 KeV (at an incident angle of 1 mrad) achieving a focal spot size of 3.3 microns FWHM and a net gain of 20.
Antiepileptic Drugs and Neurodevelopment: An Update

In utero exposure to some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with an increased risk of impaired cognitive development. Specifically, valproate and polytherapy exposure are each associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in children compared with other antiepileptic medications. The data regarding the risk to neurocognitive development imposed by maternal use of other AEDs are conflicting or insufficient at this time to draw definitive conclusions. Behavioral dysfunction including autistic spectrum disorder is also associated with maternal use of AEDs during pregnancy. Whether treatment with AEDs during childhood permanently affects cognitive neurodevelopment is yet to be determined.