cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zero Is Something

In everyday language, “zero” and “nothing” are generally synonyms if not interchangeable. In physics, however, these two terms are quite distinct. Zero often refers to a number and nothing often refers to the vacuum state. Furthermore, the number zero has a variety of different meanings, among which physics teachers shift flexibly and effortlessly. This article informally describes some of the difficulties associated with the choice of zero in the context of gravitational potential energy, and relates an instructional approach that facilitates students’ understanding.
An Enhanced Virtual Crack Closure Technique for Stress Intensity Factor Calculation along Arbitrary Crack Fronts and the Application in Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

The virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) is widely used for calculating energy release rates along crack fronts and modeling the propagation of cracks in solid materials. Although the VCCT formulation for smooth crack fronts has been sufficiently addressed in the literature, the application of VCCT to a nonsmoothed crack front with sharp corners warrants further investigation. The present study describes an enhanced VCCT to calculate energy release rates and stress intensity factors for cracks with arbitrary shapes in 3D domains discretized on structured grids. The formulations of the enhanced VCCT were developed and implemented into a multiphysics simulation environment capable of simulating crack propagation in the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Comparisons with existing analytical/numerical solutions and other VCCT approaches were performed to verify the enhanced VCCT in terms of SIF calculation along nonsmoothed crack fronts. We then applied the enhanced VCCT to a hydraulically driven penny-shaped fracture problem to further demonstrate its capability to simulate nonsmoothed fracture propagation.
Impact of stem lean on estimation of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) diameter and volume using mobile lidar scans1

The value of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), which is the predominant commercial species in the Pacific Northwest, depends on tree verticality; trees with the same dimensions ca...
Expanding Inertial Microcavitation Rheometry to Cover Large Material Stretches in Soft Materials

The existence of cavitation in soft materials introduces challenging problems as it exhibits unique deformation and failure mechanisms. Soft materials behave differently under high strain-rates than under quasi-static loading conditions. Particularly, the effects of strain-rates in the ballistic and blast ranges are unknown. Laser-induced cavitation (LIC) is a thermally driven inertial process for generating large deformations at high to ultra-high strain-rates in optically transparent materials by way of cavitation. This study focuses on LIC as a reliable and robust experimental method for characterizing the constitutive response of materials across an order of magnitude in material stretches. Through the integration of an appropriate theoretical framework, material stresses and strains during cavitation can be estimated for homogeneous, isotropic materials with Inertial Microcavitation Rheometry (IMR), a tool developed to characterize the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of soft materials at high strain-rates. The long-time bubble radius at mechanical equilibrium and maximum bubble radius, defined as the material stretch in the hydrogel, determine the initial gas pressure in the bubble to initialize the simulation. However, the current theoretical framework was developed with limited experimental modulation of bubble amplitude, limiting the regime of accessible material deformations. Furthermore, the model neglects to address inelastic material behavior at large material stretches. In this work, an extensive library of material stretches due to bubble oscillation are experimentally achieved to identify critical material stretches during the transition from viscoelastic to inelastic behavior by systematically controlling bubble amplitude and material deformations over a large stretch range. This library of material stretches defined by the bubble dynamics are used in the simulation to test the robustness of IMR, and identify new avenues for future theoretical and numerical developments. In sum, this critical experimental data will lay the foundation for incorporating damage and failure mechanisms of inelastic behavior of soft materials undergoing high strain-rate deformations.
Bilateral Lung Transplant for a Connective Tissue Disorder: Esophageal Motility and 3-year Survival.

Connective tissue disorders (CTDs) are associated with esophageal dysmotility and gastroesophageal reflux disease, which may diminish survival after lung transplantation (LTx). We studied LTx outcomes in patients with a CTD stratified by esophageal motility. We identified patients who underwent bilateral LTx from 2012 to 2017. Patients with a CTD were classified by pre-LTx diagnosis: absent esophageal motility (AEM), ineffective esophageal motility (IEM), or preserved esophageal motility (PEM). The primary endpoint was 3-year survival. Sub-analysis compared survival between the AEM group and a propensity-matched (lung allocation score), non-CTD control group. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used. In total, 495 patients underwent LTx; 33 (6.7%) had a CTD. Median (IQR) age was 62 years (55.5–67.0); 24 (72.7%) were women. Survival trended lower for recipients with a CTD than without a CTD at 1-year (84.8% vs 91.8%; p = 0.2) and 3-years (66.7% vs 73.5%; p = 0.5). Within the CTD cohort, 1- and 3-year survival was significantly higher in the PEM (100%, 87.5%) and IEM (100%, 85.7%) groups than in the AEM group (50%, 20%; p
Wheel Defect Detection with Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms

Wheel defects on railroad carts have been distinguished as a significant wellspring of harm to the railroad framework and moving stock. They likewise because clamor and vibration outflows that are exorbitant to relieve. We propose two machines learning to automatically identify these wheel defects, given the wheel vertical power estimated by a forever-introduced sensor framework on the railroad organization. Our techniques automatically learn various sorts of wheel defects and foresee during ordinary activity if a wheel has a deformity or not. The primary technique depends on novel highlights for grouping time arrangement information, and it is utilized for order with a help vector machine. To assess our technique, we build different informational collections for the accompanying imperfection types: level spot, shelling, and non-roundness. We beat old-style deformity recognition techniques for level spots and exhibit expectations for the other two imperfection types unexpectedly. Roused by the ongoing achievement of artificial neural networks for picture order, we train custom artificial neural networks with convolutional layers on 2-D portrayals of the estimation time arrangement.
Differential Cognitive Performance in Females and Males with Regular Cannabis Use.

Objectives: Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that males and females may be differentially affected by cannabis use. This study evaluated the interaction of cannabis use and biological sex on cognition, and the association between observed cognitive deficits and features of cannabis use. Methods: Cognitive measures were assessed in those with regular, ongoing, cannabis use (N = 40; 22 female) and non-using peers (N = 40; 23 female). Intelligence, psychomotor speed, and verbal working memory were measured with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Digit Symbol Test, and Digit Span and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, respectively. Associations between cognitive measures and cannabis use features (e.g., lifetime cannabis use, age of initiation, time since last use of cannabis, recent high-concentration tetrahydrocannabinoid exposure) were also evaluated. Results: No main effects of group were observed across measures. Significant interactions between group and biological sex were observed on measures of intelligence, psychomotor speed, and verbal learning, with greatest group differences observed between males with and without regular cannabis use. Psychomotor performance was negatively correlated with lifetime cannabis exposure. Female and male cannabis use groups did not differ in features of cannabis use. Conclusions: Findings suggest that biological sex influences the relationship between cannabis and cognition, with males potentially being more vulnerable to the neurocognitive deficits related to cannabis use.
Beyond the hammer: a critical turn for interpersonal and family communication studies

This essay reflects on the recent critical turns within interpersonal and family communication studies (IFC) and the advances of diversity, equity, inclusion, and access in the larger field of comm...
MULTISERVICE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS FOR URBAN MOBILITY

New kinds of government-sponsored demonstrations of public mass transportation services and systems are needed if current and projected deficiencies in urban mobility are to be corrected. One such demonstration project approach, developed under the Urban Mass Transportation Act as amended in 1968 and called MUST for MUltiple Service Transportation is described. The new demonstration concept is designed to provide more useful information through more explicit demand analysis examining differential responses to a wide range of public transportation services, varying both quantities and qualities of transport service levels. Variables to be controlled in such demonstrations include routings and schedules, vehicle operations, types and sizes, and management organization, as well as pricing and real-time technology. The effective design and efficient execution of such demonstration projects represent complex planning and systems engineering challenges, although not necessarily large-scale construction of new facilities. The question is asked: Will planners and engineers accept these challenges?
On the Envelope of Spectral Power of Stochastic Processes

Given a partial covariance sequence of a real stationary zero-mean stochastic process, one method of estimating the power spectrum is that of Maximum Likelihood. The Maximum Likelihood estimate represents an envelope of maximum spectral content corresponding to stochastic processes which may be complex. We determine the envelope of spectral content which is consistent with the assumption that the underlying stochastic process is real.
A pedido del público

Poetas en su tinta. Andrea Bulla, Yirama Castano, Gustavo Adolfo Garces, Fernando Herrera Gomez, Fernando Linero. Ilustraciones de Dario Villegas. Presentacion de Jaime Gorda Maffla. Organizacion de Estados Iberoamericanos, Bogota, 1999, s. p.
Changing views on the nature of the bacterial cell: from biochemistry to cytology.

When the authors were graduate students in the 1960s, the bacterial cell was generally viewed as an amorphous vessel housing a homogeneous solution of proteins. Trained as biochemists, we would break cells open, subject the disrupted cells to centrifugation, and separate the supernatant fluid from the membranous material that collected at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Some enzymes, such as the replicase for the RNA phage F2, the subject of thesis research by L.S., were to be found in the supernatant fluid. Other enzymes, such as those involved in the biosynthesis of the O-antigen component of the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella, the subject of doctoral work by R.L., were associated with the membrane. No differentiation was imagined other than the distinction between membrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins. This is a view that persisted for a surprisingly long time. Of course, some bacteria have conspicuous proteinaceous appendages, such as flagella and pili, and some bacteria, such as Caulobacter crescentus, are conspicuously asymmetric. But only in this decade, and chiefly over the last few years, has it become apparent that cytoplasmic and membrane proteins can, and often do, have particular subcellular addresses, that these addresses can change over time, sometimes with extraordinary rapidity, and that an understanding of function requires knowledge not only of what a protein does but often of where it is in the cell.
Statelessness as a Consequence of the Conflict of Nationality Laws (Part II)

As compared to the precedent set in this area by the earlier citizenship legislation of the Soviet Union, perhaps the single most distinctive element of the 1938 Law on the Citizenship of the USSR was its approach to the problem of statelessness. Indeed, as every Soviet source has dutifully noted since, its “final Article 8 introduces the new condition of statelessness, unknown to Soviet law before 1938”.1 Technically speaking, the claim crediting Article 8 of the 1938 law with engineering the debut of the concept of statelessness on the Soviet legal scene turns out, on closer inspection, to be a trifle exaggerated. Rather, the real innovation here consisted in that the 1938 act sanctioned statelessness as a discrete, third category of citizenship status, along with local citizenship and foreign citizenship, a recognition until then denied to it in the USSR by the workings of federal legislation.
The Bulgarian Income Tax Reform

Government tax policy has a profound effect on the temporal composition and on the intertemporal evolution of the macro economy. In contemporary terms it must allow non-inflationary financing of the proper functions of government. The main function of a tax system is to raise enough revenue to cover government expenditures without excessive reliance on domestic and foreign borrowing or money creation. It should avoid disincentives for productive economic activity, especially capital formation. The role of taxes in any market economy that we are striving to build is also to regulate it. What is more, such a category as tax law does not exist in pure terms. On the contrary, tax principles are connected with phenomena and operations that can be carried out even without any taxation, but these tax principles form in different ways these phenomena and operations. The life of a tax law is not only logic but experience as well because every tax has inevitable regulation effects in the economy. To implement a tax on a certain operation means to a great extent to discourage its accomplishment. The relief will have the opposite effect. The definition of the responsibilities must be clear and according to the law. The rules of the game must be exactly defined in order to favor business activity in the country. It is important for such a tax system to be set that will satisfy the necessities in the long term. Looking after someone's interests can cause unsuitable policies and will restrict future reforms. The Bulgarian tax reform, although pronounced from the beginning of the transition towards market economy, has not started yet, and this has a profound effect on the whole economic development of the country itself. The new democratic government that came to power a few months ago again stated its intention for reforming the tax system in a real market-oriented way. The reform itself should be directed in two major ways--reformation and establishment of new tax laws based on new tax philosophy and principles, using taxes as a regulative lever for economic regulation, and reformation of the tax collective system. The latter must be by lowering the transaction costs of taxation and by decreasing the tax avoidance possibilities.
Self-Defense: What's a Jury Got to Do with It?

Is the trial court’s exclusion of self-defense evidence sustainable? This Article explores the answer to this question from several angles. It begins with a detailed discussion of Kirkpatrick and a relatively new Kansas statute, K.S.A. 21-3219, to explain the current relationship of self-defense and a forcible felony charge. Subsequently, the historical roots of self-defense are discussed and used to demonstrate that the determination of self-defense, as a fact-intensive issue, has been through time a question for the jury. Finally, the Article calls into question the constitutionality of the exclusion of evidence, based on the defendant’s right to a jury trial and his right to present his defense. Based on all of these considerations, this Article concludes that a defendant must be able to present evidence of self-defense to the jury, and the sweeping assertion in Kirkpatrick to the contrary is wrong.
Radiation Characteristics of Electrically Small Devices in a TEM Transmission Cell

When making EMC measurements inside a shielded enclosure, the radiation characteristics of the device being tested changes. In this paper, the change in radiation resistance of dipole sources located inside a National Bureau of Standards TEM transmission cell is determined. In many cases a practical device can be modeled by dipole sources. In these cases the analysis allows one to predict the device's radiation characteristics in other environments (e. g., free space).
Smart Schools for Saving the Soul: A Juxtaposition of Neofundamentalist and Neoliberal Discourse Concentrations in Contemporary Malaysia.

This paper reports on an analysis of public documents produced by the government of Malaysia for the purpose of guiding the enactment of educational technology efforts in Malaysia. The analysis explores the concentration of discourses that make possible certain framings of technology in educational contexts that seek to act upon the notions of citizenship and identity among Muslims in Malaysia. Using the lenses of neofundamentalism and neoliberalism and leveraging analysis methods from the grounded theory methodological tradition, this study examined the ways the Malaysian government works on constructing the identities of its young Muslim citizenry by way of policy initiatives for the implementation of educational technologies. Sixteen documents produced and published by the Malaysian government served as the data for the analysis. Findings indicate that a neofundamentalist governmental rhetoric insists on looking to the past nostalgically and to non-rational textual hermeneutics for interpretations of I...
A geometric treatment of Jellett’s egg

This paper explains and gives a global analysis of the rising egg phenomenon. The main tools that are used in this analysis are derived from the theory of dissipation-induced instabilities, adiabatic invariants, and LaSalle's invariance principle. The analysis is done within the framework of a specific model of the egg as a prolate spheroid, with its equations of motion derived from Newtonian mechanics. The paper begins by considering the linear and nonlinear stability of the non-risen and risen states of the spheroid corresponding to the initial and final state of the rising egg phenomenon. The asymptotic state of the spheroid is determined by an adiabatic momentum invariant. Because the symmetry associated with this adiabatic invariant coincides with the symmetry associated with the Jellett invariant in the tippe top, we call this quantity the Jellett momentum map. Linear theory shows that the spectral stability of the non-risen state is determined by a cubic polynomial. The spectral stability of the risen state is governed by the modified Maxwell-Bloch equations - a normal form that appears in the problem of tippe top inversion and that was studied previously by the authors. A generalization of the energy-momentum method that includes adiabatic momentum invariants provides explicit criteria for the existence of an orbit connecting these states. In particular, it is shown that if the risen state is stable, the spheroid rises all the way.
Trained for Democracy:The Differing Effects of Voluntary and Involuntary Organizations on Political Participation:

This article examines the relationship between activity in non-politcal organizations and political participation. In their 1995 book, Voice and Equality, Verba, Schlozman, and Brady claim that, fo...
Working Side By Side, But Not Talking Enough: Accident Causation in the Emergency Department Care of Thomas Eric Duncan

Reviewing the Thomas Eric Duncan case should focus on the context of conditions specific to the emergency department, rather than on a perspective of medicine in general. An accident causation anal...
Academic resources for entrepreneurship education

Four types of resources are outlined to orient and support individuals interested in teaching entrepreneurship or related disciplines: (a) academic programs, (b) text-based teaching resources, (c) Internet-based resources, and (d) research resources. In each, an overview of the academic infrastructure is provided, and specific key resources are identified for future pursuit.
Oocyte Maturation During Hormone-Induced Spawning in Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides

ABSTRACT Induced spawning in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides with injected hormones for experiments in genome manipulation was evaluated. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hoimone analogue (LH-RHa) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were injected to stimulate production of viable oocytes in female largemouth bass for fertilization. Male largemouth bass received LH-RHa and carp pituitary (CP) injections to stimulate spermiation. The progression of largemouth bass oocytes during the stages of final oocyte maturation (FOM) were used to evaluate hormone efficacy leading to ovulation. Results indicate that hormone injections are effective for FOM, but an incomplete stimulus for ovulation in largemouth bass.
Presence of a superparamagnetic component in the Orgueil meteorite

The Orgueil CI carbonaceous chondrite meteorite fall of 14 May 1864 is of particular interest because of the presence of an organic component which included amino acids. Using Mossbauer spectroscopy, we have determined that the Orgueil meteorite contains an appreciable fraction of its iron in the superparamagnetic state. This result implies that the superparamagnetic iron component was formed during an aqueous phase in the history of the parent body, and that the superparamagnetic component may have served as a catalyst for formation of the organic component.
Ultrastructural observations on DMBA-induced dermal hyperpigmentation and blue nevus-like tumors in the Mongolian gerbil.

SummaryElectron microscopic observations were made on the dermal hypepigmentation and blue nevus-like tumors induced in the dorsal trunk skin of Mongolian gerbils by DMBA. Hyperpigmented dermis was also examined in gerbils treated with DMBA and croton oil.The dermal hyperpigmentation was characterized by numerous melanin-bearing melanocytes and macrophages. Some of the dermal melanocytes were loaded with fully melanized (Stage IV) melanosomes, whereas others contained both mature melanosomes and immature ones (Stages I-III). Some dermal melanocytes displayed giant melanosomes (“mac-romelanosomes”) along with melanosomes of normal size. Finally, occasional dermal melanocytes exhibited typical Stages I-III melanosomes as well as round Stage I-like melanosomes in which melanin deposition occurred prematurely on the vesicular and filamentous matrices. The macrophages of hyperpigmented dermis contained groups of melanosomes segregated within membrane-limited secondary lysosomes.Paralleling the diversity in mel...
Grilled RIBEYE stakes a claim for synaptic ribbons.

Photo-inactivation of RIBEYE, an important presynaptic protein at ribbon synapses in the retina, reveals a new role for ribbons in the vesicle priming process.
Velocity-selective coherent population trapping of two-level atoms

We have demonstrated velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) in a two-level system created by circularly polarized light driving the $2{}^{3}{S}_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{}^{3}{P}_{2}$ transition in metastable helium. It is quite different from the usual VSCPT because there need be no consideration of selection rules, polarization, or internal atomic states. This most primitive case elicits the simple nature of VSCPT as a special kind of quantum interference, and demonstrates the presence of VSCPT in a system that has only two internal levels. It is readily observed for this transition because the ratio of the recoil frequency to the natural linewidth is 0.22, two orders of magnitude larger than for most laser cooling experiments. Our trapped state is fed by Doppler cooling, which is unusually effective here because of the large recoil, and is totally absent in previously described VSCPT experiments.
Ontogeny of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Gene Expression in Mice

The ontogeny of GH and PRL synthesis and the inducibility of PRL gene expression by estrogens during postnatal development in mice were studied. Synthetic rates were assessed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and by immunoprecipitation of solubilized proteins from intact glands and monolayer cultures of pituitary cells labeled with [35S]methionine and [3H]leucine. We found that GH synthesis turns on dramatically between 16 and 17 days of gestation, comprising 15–20% of the total pituitary protein synthesis at birth. PRL synthesis was not detectable throughout gestation or in 1- to 4-day-old mice, and was barely detectable in 8-day-old mice. It was clearly demonstrable by 12 days of age and increased sharply thereafter, reaching 8–9% of the total protein synthesis by day 20 in both sexes. However, transplantation of pituitaries from newborns under the renal capsule of adult female hosts resulted in substantial PRL synthesis by the ectopic glands before the endogenous timetable. For studies of...
Identification of Grb4/Nckβ, a Src Homology 2 and 3 Domain-containing Adapter Protein Having Similar Binding and Biological Properties to Nck

Adapter proteins made up of Src homology (SH) domains mediate multiple cellular signaling events initiated by receptor protein tyrosine kinases. Here we report that Grb4 is an adapter protein closely related to but distinct from Nck that is made up of three SH3 domains and one SH2 domain. Northern analysis indicated that both genes are expressed in multiple tissues. Both Nck and Grb4 proteins could associate with receptor tyrosine kinases and the SH3-binding proteins PAK, Sos1, and PRK2, and they synergized with v-Abl and Sos to induce gene expression via the transcription factor Elk-1. Although neither protein was transforming on its own, both Nck and Grb4 cooperated with v-Abl to transform NIH 3T3 cells and influenced the morphology and anchorage-dependent growth of wild type Ras-transformed cells. Nck and Grb4 therefore appear to be functionally redundant.
Improvements in stochastic language modeling

We describe two attempt to improve our stochastic language models. In the first, we identify a systematic overestimation in the traditional backoff model, and use statistical reasoning to correct it. Our modification results in up to 6% reduction in the perplexity of various tasks. Although the improvement is modest, it is achieved with hardly any increase in the complexity of the model. Both analysis and empirical data suggest that the modification is most suitable when training data is sparse.In the second attempt, we propose a new type of adaptive language model. Existing adaptive models use a dynamic cache, based on the history of the document seen up to that point. But another source of information in the history, within-document word sequence correlations, has not yet been tapped. We describe a model that attempts to capture this information, using a framework where one word sequence triggers another, causing its estimated probability to be raised. We discuss various issues in the design of such a model, and describe our first attempt at building one. Our preliminary results include a perplexity reduction of between 10% and 32%, depending on the test set.
Identification of a new strontium Ni(III) oxide prepared in molten hydroxides

The compound Sr{sub 5}Ni{sub 4}O{sub 11} was prepared at atmospheric pressure from potassium hydroxide melts, by slow cooling from 700{degree}C. All observed lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern were indexed according to a hexagonal unit cell, with {alpha} = 9.480(1){angstrom}, c = 7.815(4) {angstrom}. The idealized formula Sr{sub 5}Ni{sub 4}O{sub 11} corresponds to a formal oxidation state of Ni{sup +3}. From magnetic susceptibility measurements, the observed high temperature Curie constant is consistent with the low spin t{sup 6}{sub 2g}e{sup 1}{sub g} configuration. Electrical conductivity measurements exhibit linear behavior of ln p vs 1/T over the range 270-350 K, indicating semiconducting behavior with a bandgap of 0.5 {plus minus} 0.1 eV and room temperature resistivity {approx} 10{sup 5} {Omega}-cm.
Neutron spin-reorientation experiments

Experiments which reorient neutron spins have been fruitful sources for botyh fundamental and applied physics, including the measurement of the neutron electric dipole moment as a test of time reversal symmetry [4,5]. “Dressed” neutrons [6] and Berry phased [7,8] have been studied with reoriened neutron spins. In neutron interaction condensed matter experiments, small changes in neutron velocity have been sensitively measured by the changes in the precession angle in magnetic fields before and after the interaction [9], or by comparing the direction of the neutron spin with a rotatin g magnetic field whose phase serves as a clock [10].
α-Thrombin Stimulates Urokinase Production and DNA Synthesis in Cultured Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Abstract α-Thrombin regulation of endothelial cell (EC) fibrinolysis has been documented by using endothelia derived from a number of anatomic locations but not with those derived from the human cerebral vasculature. In the present study, the fibrinolytic properties of human cerebral microvascular ECs and their regulation by α-thrombin are delineated and contrasted with those of human umbilical vein and foreskin microvascular ECs. In cerebral ECs, α-thrombin elicited a unique dose-dependent increase in urokinase production and DNA synthesis. Maximal stimulation, observed with 10 nmol/L α-thrombin, resulted in a 30- to 50-fold increase in urokinase production and a concomitant fourfold increase in DNA synthesis; the increase in urokinase was reflected in higher steady-state levels of urokinase mRNA. The major urokinase product secreted is the single-chain form of the enzyme. No effect was observed with the addition of other proteases or catalytically inactive variants of α-thrombin. A thrombin receptor agonist peptide upregulated urokinase production but had no effect on DNA synthesis, suggesting that fibrinolysis is mediated by the thrombin receptor but that proliferation is regulated by a different pathway. These findings suggest the possibility that the cerebral microvasculature may be a specialized region of the vascular system in which urokinase-type plasminogen activator, not tissue-type plasminogen activator, is the key catalyst of fibrin lysis when the brain responds to thrombotic events and that α-thrombin may regulate repair of the cerebral microvascular system.
Factors affecting curved versus straight path heading perception.

Displays commonly used for testing heading judgments in the presence of rotations are ambiguous to observers. They can be interpreted equally well as motion in a straight line while rotating the eyes or as motion on a curved path. This has led to conflicting results from studies that use these displays. In this study, we tested several factors that might influence which of these two interpretations observers see. These factors included the size of the field of view, the duration of the stimulus, textured scenes versus random-dot displays, and whether or not observers were given a description of their path. The only factor that had a significant effect on path perception was whether or not observers were given instructions describing their path of motion. Under all conditions without instructions, we found that observers responded in a way that was consistent with the perception of motion on a curved path. nt]mis|This work was funded by NSF Grant IBN-0196068.
Effect of Temperature on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Immune Status of Channel Catfish in a Recirculating System

Abstract A feeding trial was conducted to determine growth, survival, feed utilization, nonspecific immune response, and proximate and fatty acid composition of the fillet of stocker-sized channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared at temperatures considered slightly below optimal (22°C), optimal (27°C), or slightly above optimal (32°C) for feed intake and growth of this species. Groups of 100 stockers initially averaging 111.4 ± 1.7 g (mean ± SE) were stocked into each of four 1,140-L tanks within each of three independent recirculating systems and were fed a 32% protein commercial floating pellet once daily to satiation for 14 weeks. Feed intake was calculated weekly. Subsamples of fish were weighed every 3 weeks to track growth. At the end of the trial, all fish were counted and weighed. Five fish per tank were bled to analyze hematology and immunological parameters. Analysis of variance and Fisher's least-significant-difference tests were used to compare differences among treatment means (P ≤ 0.05). W...
Retention over time in relation to arousal during learning: an explantation of discrepant results

Abstract Arousal increment (more simply, arousal) during learning is related to subsequent retention. Published results are discrepant. In some studies physiologically higher arousal, relative to lower, is related to better short-term (a few minutes) and long-term (30 min or more) retention. In other studies higher arousal is related to poorer short-term and better long-term retention. Both results are explained here in terms of the retentivity-accessibility hypothesis, which is derived in this article on the basis of an analysis of methodological differences between studies obtaining the two results. The hypothesis states that high arousal is associated with strong retentivity but poor short-term accessibility. The hypothesis is evaluated on the basis of its compatibility with published results.
Effects of prostaglandins on the spreading, adhesion and migration of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Abstract The effects of prostaglandins on the in vitro properties of mouse peritoneal macrophages namely spreading, adhesion and migration were investigated. PGE1 and PGE2 inhibit the spreading and adhesion of complete Freund's Adjuvant induced peritoneal macrophages significantly at concentrations of 1 ng per ml and above whereas they enhance the migration of these cells at concentrations of 100 ng per ml and above. PGA2 and PGB2 are less potent as they inhibit spreading and adhesion only at a concentration of 1 μg per ml. At this concentration PGB2 enhances migration whereas PGA2 has no effect. PGF2α has no effect on the spreading, adhesion and migration of macrophages in the concentration range of 0.1 ng to 1,000 ng per ml.
Option values under stochastic volatility: Theory and empirical estimates

Abstract This paper numerically solves the call option valuation problem given a fairly general continuous stochastic process for return volatility. Statistical estimators for volatility process parameters are derived, and parameter estimates are calculated for several individual stocks and indices. The resulting estimated option values do not differ dramatically from Black-Scholes values in most cases, although there is some evidence that for longer-maturity index options, Black-Scholes overvalues out-of-the-money calls in relation to in-the-money calls.
Metabolic fate of 3,4-dichloropropionanilide in plants: the metabolism of the propionic Acid moiety.

3,4-Dichloropropionanilide-14C (propanil) labeled in either the C-1 or C-3 carbon atoms of the propionic acid moiety was applied to the roots of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in nutrient solution (0.1 mm-0.28 mm). Radioactivity was detected throughout the treated plants, but the greatest labeling was found in the roots. None of the products that contained aniline were radioactive, suggesting that the plants split the propionic acid moiety from propanil. The fate of the propionate moiety of propanil was determined by recovery of 14CO2 from plants exposed to propanil-14C. The time-course of the 14CO2 production demonstrated that the intact propionic acid was cleaved from the propanil and subsequently catabolized by the β-oxidation catabolic sequence. The appearance of radioactivity in the shoots was attributed to the incorporation of products of propionate metabolism. Both the susceptible pea plants and the tolerant rice plants converted a high percentage of the administered propanil-14C to 14CO2.
Neumann Fixed Boundary Regularity for An Elliptic Free Boundary Problem

We examine the regularity properties of solutions to an elliptic free boundary problem near a Neumann fixed boundary. Consider a nonnegative function u, defined variationally, which is harmonic whe...
Outcome measure of L2 writing as a mediator of the effects of corrective feedback on students' ability to write accurately

Abstract This study used longitudinal data and a pre-post test design to examine the effect of the outcome measure of L2 writing on the accuracy rates of thirty-two international graduate students enrolled in a semester-long content-based EAP course. As part of the coursework, the students completed weekly written assignments on which they received weekly written correcting feedback (CF). Their written work on three academic writing tasks (in-class essays, in-class summaries and at-home summaries) performed twelve weeks apart (during the first and last weeks of the class) was analyzed in terms of its overall accuracy (total number of errors per 300 words), as well as grammatical and lexical errors separately. The results of this study indicate that the three outcome measures of writing performance analyzed in this study produce different estimates of L2 writers' accuracy. This study also found differences in the longitudinal changes in accuracy of L2 writing depending on the types of errors that are included in the operational definition of accuracy. These findings provide evidence for opening a discussion about the nature and technical characteristics of the outcome measures to be used as indicators of a learner's ability to produce accurate L2 texts in real-life contexts.
Efficient computation of in-situ antenna performance using platform characteristic modes

We present a new approach for efficiently computing in-situ performance of platform-mounted antennas. When the antenna-platform system is characterized by the electric field integral equation (EFIE), the moment method (MoM) can be used to analyze the coupled system. To accelerate the solution, the numerical Green's function (NGF) of the antenna is used via a simple matrix manipulation. We next compress the platform sub-matrix using the radiation and mutual coupling modes of the antenna-platform system. This new approach results in a fast and accurate solution of the coupled system. The computational savings and efficiency of the proposed method is particularly beneficial for design and optimization of antennas on-board real-life platforms.
Oscillating flow over a cylinder at large Reynolds number

The boundary-layer flow over a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 1·06 × 105 has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The investigation was designed to concentrate on the self-induced oscillations occurring in the flow; at this Reynolds number, these oscillations have generally been ignored heretofore. In the experimental part of the investigation both the inviscid flow and boundary-layer flow reversals were measured as functions of time. The theoretical part of the study started with the measured inviscid flow and calculated all the boundary-layer characteristics. The boundary-layer calculations themselves revealed some very interesting fine-scale structure of the flow, which strongly indicated that the vanishing of wall shear does not signal the onset of separation for unsteady flow. In general, the agreement between the theoretical calculations and the experimental results was excellent and the unsteady component of this supposedly steady flow was found to be very significant.
A position sensitive high resolution hodoscope for particle unstable intermediate mass fragments

Abstract A position sensitive high resolution hodoscope was developed to detect particle unstable intermediate mass fragments and to resolve the individual excited states of these nuclei. The hodoscope consists of 13 telescopes, four of these telescopes were designed to isotopically resolve fragments with 3 ≦ Z ≦ 10 and the other nine to resolve hydrogen and helium isotopes. In order to optimize the excitation energy resolution of the hodoscope, each telescope contains an x − y position sensitive gas proportional counter. A position resolution better than 0.5 mm is obtained for 5.8 MeV α-particles. This position sensitivity also allows compensation for the thickness nonuniformity of the nonplanar silicon detectors incorporated in the nine light particle telescopes. For proton decay channels of the particle unstable nucleus 14 N ∗ produced in 14 N induced reactions on nat Ag at E A = 35 MeV , the hodoscope provides an excitati energy resolution of about 60 keV (FWHM).
Effect of Grit Depth of Cut on Strength of Ground Ceramics

Summary Experimental research has been conducted into the effect of grit depth of cut on the flexural strength of ground hot pressed silicon nitride. Wheel grit size and machine parameters of wheel depth of cut and workspeed in surface grinding have been investigated. The results indicate that the primary factors which control the strength of ground ceramics are grind direction and the grit depth of cut. The findings point the way to grinding conditions to achieve maximum strength grinding of ceramics and to maximum specific material removal rates at these conditions. Additionally, the most appropriate method for computing the wheel grit depth of cut was identified.
Stimulation of hepatocytes and lymphocytes in vitro by liver regeneration.

WE have reported the presence of serum factor triggering DNA synthesis in partially hepatectomised rats, using a parabiosis with direct aortic cross circulation1. The finding was subsequently confirmed with experiments both in vivo2 and in vitro3. We have also reported that partial hepatectomy stimulated function of lymphoid tissues and increased the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of rats immunised with sheep red blood cells4. It was then not certain how hepatectomy modifies the immune reaction, but now we present evidence that the humoral factor stimulates both hepatocytes and lymphocytes in culture.
Mapping the top of the permafrost using surface direct current resistivity survey

Data from a direct current resistivity survey and geologic logs from boreholes were used to map the top of permafrost at a remote air force installation in Alaska. This study resulted from a remedial investigation that was conducted at Eielson Air Force Base near Fairbanks, Alaska, under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) regulations. The depth and continuity of the permafrost was important in determining the fate of petroleum contamination that was inadvertently discharged to the ground during earlier air force operations. The results indicate that the top of permafrost forms a highly irregular surface. In general, however, the top of permafrost forms a diagonal ridge at the center of the contour grid that is bordered on each side by troughs.
Flame sampling for mass spectrometry

Abstract Mass spectrometry is one of the most popular and fruitful methods available for the study of flames [1, 2]. This is a result of its versatility and the virtue of providing a uniform possibility of quantitative study for all molecular species, since they all can be ionized. The practice is, of course, much more complex than is implied by this naive point of view, but both stable and short-lived species can be studied. When properly applied, it is a powerful, rapid quantitative analytical technique. The applicability and limitations will be discussed with respect to the problems associated with delivering a representative sample into the ionization region of the mass spectrometer. The practical problems of analyzing complex mixtures will not be discussed in detail. The central problem in sampling flames or any system is to obtain a representative sample and to interpret this sample either qualitatively or quantitatively in terms of the desired information. The withdrawal of sample should either produce a quantitatively negligible disturbance of the system or one which can be accounted for quantitatively. In flame studies one is interested in qualitative information about which species are present and also in complete quantitative analysis of the system. Further, since flames are systems having strong concentration gradients, one is often interested in associating the analysis with a spatial position. Thus, the usual outcome of a flame study is not a simple analysis, but a profile (see Fig. 1) [1, 2]. Flames are very strongly coupled systems, and one of the major problems is the disturbance which the sampling processes introduce. This is a quantitative question, and we will attempt to outline the problems, their sources and magnitudes, and the areas of application. The paper will begin with a discussion of sampling techniques, followed by specific examples of flame systems which have been studied.
FACTORY PHYSICS: FOUNDATIONS OF MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, 2ND EDITION, WALLACE J. HOPP AND MARK L. SPEARMAN, IRWIN MCGRAW-HILL, 2001, 720 PP., ISBN 0-256-24795-1, LIST: $96

(2001). FACTORY PHYSICS: FOUNDATIONS OF MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT, 2ND EDITION, WALLACE J. HOPP AND MARK L. SPEARMAN, IRWIN MCGRAW-HILL, 2001, 720 PP., ISBN 0-256-24795-1, LIST: $96. Journal of Design and Manufacturing Automation: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 230-231.
Accelerating Strassen-Winograd's matrix multiplication algorithm on GPUs

In this paper, we report on the development of an efficient GPU implementation of the Strassen-Winograd matrix multiplication algorithm for matrices of arbitrary sizes. We utilize multi-kernel streaming to exploit concurrency across sub-matrix operations in addition to intra-operation parallelism. We evaluate the performance of the implementation in comparison with CUBLAS-5.0 on Fermi and Kepler GPUs. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of Strassen's algorithm for practically relevant matrix sizes on GPUs, with up to 1.27X speedup for single-precision and 1.42X speedup for double-precision floating point computation.
GPU-based real-time collision detection for motion execution in mobile manipulation planning

In this paper we present a parallel collision checking approach as an essential building block of a reactive online planning framework, that allows to continuously monitor the execution of planned trajectories against dynamic changes in the environment. The software is optimized for massively parallel hardware architectures, namely CUDA GPUs and offers constant runtime regardless of the occupancy density in the environment.
Complex variables and flexure

We introduce several advanced trigonometric and complex variables identities. These identities are used in solving the flexure problem of beams with cross sections which are given byr=[sin(θ/2n)]2n. These identities and solutions generalize several previous results.