cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cryptochromes: Photochemical and structural insight into magnetoreception

Cryptochromes (CRYs) function as blue light photoreceptors in diverse physiological processes in nearly all kingdoms of life. Over the past several decades they have emerged as the most likely candidates for light-dependent magnetoreception in animals, however a long history of conflicts between in vitro photochemistry and in vivo behavioral data complicate validation of CRYs as a magnetosensor. In this review, we highlight the origins of conflicts regarding CRY photochemistry and signal transduction, and identify recent data that provides clarity on potential mechanisms of signal transduction in magnetoreception. The review primarily focuses on examining differences in photochemistry and signal transduction in plant and animal CRYs and identifies potential modes of convergent evolution within these independent lineages that may identify conserved signaling pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Microstructure-Crack Tip Interactions in P/M Superalloy Material at Elevated Temperatures

The influence of microstructure, in particular secondary gamma primeprecipitates, γ’S, on intergranular cracking of the P/M IN100 is investigated. A series ofheat treatments using coupons made of as-received material is carried out in order toidentify conditions leading to minimum and maximum variation in the size and volumefraction of secondary gamma prime, γ’S. These specific heat treatments are applied tocompact tension specimens to regenerate the corresponding γ’S statistics. In addition tothese microstructures, specimens subjected to extended aging time as well as longthermal exposure at 650°C have been generated and characterized. Fatigue crackgrowth experiments are performed on compact tension specimens having as received aswell as modified microstructures at both 650°C and 700°C in air. The loading cycleincludes a dwell time ranging from 100 seconds to 7200 seconds and superimposed atthe maximum load level. Results of the as received material show that the length of thedwell time does not influence the crack growth rate. Results of the heat treatedmicrostructures at 650°C showed that a reduced volume fraction of γ’S enhances thegrowth rate. The influence of the volume fraction of γ’S on altering the intergranularcrack growth rate is explained in terms of the crack tip stress relaxation.
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Staging and Survival

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and the second most common cancer related death. Through research, we have found that African-American men and men with a family history of prostate cancer have a significantly higher risk of prostate cancer. In the 90's the mortality rate from prostate cancer decreased, presumably due to PSA testing. Patients with organ-confined tumors, particularly if they have a moderate Gleason score have an excellent chance of long-term survival with radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy. Advances in detecting micrometastatic disease are needed to further impact on this disease.
Inventory and facility location models with market selection

We consider important generalizations of a wide class of traditional deterministic inventory and facility location models that we call inventory/facility location models with market selection. Instead of the traditional setting, we are given a set of markets, each specified by a sequence of demands and associated with a revenue. Decisions are made in two stages. We first make a decision of what markets to select, where all other markets are rejected. Next we have to construct a minimum-cost production plan (facility layout) to satisfy all of the demands of all the selected markets. The goal is to minimize the overall lost revenues of rejected markets and the production (facility openings and connection) costs. We show how to leverage existing approximation results for the traditional models to corresponding results for the counterpart models with market selection. More specifically, any LP based α–approximation for the traditional model can be leveraged to a $\frac{1}{_{1-e}-\frac{1}{\alpha}}$- approximation algorithm for the counterpart model with market selection. Our techniques are also applicable to an important class of covering problems.
Early onset posttraumatic cystic myelopathy complicating spinal cord injury

Abstract Three cases of posttraumatic cystic myelopathy occurring early in the postinjury period are reported. A patient with C5 tetraplegia developed bilateral upper extremity paresthesias and right upper extremity weakness 2 and a half months postinjury necessitating immediate syringo-subdural shunting. A patient with C6 tetraplegia complained of left upper extremity paresthesias 2 months postinjury. A syringoperitoneal shunt was placed 19 months postinjury due to new onset intermittent weakness of the right upper extremity. A patient with C4 tetraplegia developed right upper extremity paresthesias, sensory loss, and weakness 56 days postinjury; it was treated conservatively. Two years postinjury he required surgery because of progression of symptoms. A review of the literature reveals that posttraumatic cystic myelopathy has been found to be an incidental pathologic finding at autopsy within 2 months postinjury. However, sensory and motor loss have not been clinically described as an early complication of spinal cord injury. We conclude that posttraumatic cystic myelopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of motor or sensory loss occurring early in the postinjury period.
Relationship between interfacial adhesion and electromigration in Cu metallization

Electromigration in Cu conductors differs from that in Al alloys. In Cu, it is almost exclusively via interfacial or surface diffusion whereas for Al alloys, diffusion at the temperatures of interest is primarily through the grain boundaries. It has been argued interfaces are such rapid pathways because of the poor adhesion between Cu metal and the adjacent materials from which the interface is composed. Accordingly, this study focuses on relating the electromigration induced drift velocity and the adhesion to Cu of upper surface cap materials. In addition, traditional electromigration lifetime studies were performed to correlate the results of the drift velocity measurements to device reliability. The results indicate that the adhesion of the Cu/cap interface can be directly correlated to the electromigration lifetime of copper conductors.
Receptors for insulin and CCK in the acinar pancreas: relationship to hormone action

These studies, therefore, allow a model of how CCK and insulin regulate the acinar pancreas in a coordinated manner (Fig. 27). CCK, after its secretion by gut cells, interacts with a specific receptor on the cell surface and then increases intracellular free Ca2+. Ca2+, in turn (1) interacts with the secretory granules leading to zymogen release, (2) stimulates protein synthesis, and (3) increases glucose transport. The model is supported on the finding of specific high affinity CCK receptors on acini and by the localization of CCK to the plasma membrane in EM autoradiographs. Insulin, secreted from the pancreatic islets, also interacts with a specific receptor on the cell surface. Either via a messenger generated by this reaction, or via insulin's subsequent direct interaction with intracellular organelles, such as the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis is initiated and glucose transport is increased. Then a series of events is initiated to increase cell growth, amylase content, and sensitivity to CCK. These studies, therefore, indicate that the control of acinar cell function is a product of cooperative intrahormonal interactions.
Measuring the Impact of Technology on Couple Relationships: The Development of the Technology and Intimate Relationship Assessment

The goal of this study was to develop an instrument to operationalize the impact of technology use on romantic relationship intimacy. The sample consisted of 241 undergraduate and graduate students who identified as being in a committed, monogamous intimate relationship. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on an initial set of test items to reduce the number of items to those that explained the relationship between technology and romantic relationship intimacy. The factor structure and psychometric properties of the resulting instrument, Technology and Intimate Relationship Assessment, are described, along with implications for couple therapy and future research.
Fast Dynamics in CKN and CRN Investigated by Dielectric Spectroscopy

Dielectric spectroscopy up to a frequency of 380 GHz has been performed on the molten salts $[\mathrm{Ca}({\mathrm{NO}}_{3}{)}_{2}{]}_{0.4}[{\mathrm{KNO}}_{3}{]}_{0.6}$ (CKN) and $[\mathrm{Ca}({\mathrm{NO}}_{3}{)}_{2}{]}_{0.4}[{\mathrm{RbNO}}_{3}{]}_{0.6}$ (CRN). For the first time, conclusive results for the transition region between the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-relaxational and the far-infrared response have been obtained in ionically conducting glass formers using dielectric spectroscopy. In addition to the dielectric loss, we present data for the reactive part of the dielectric constant. At high temperatures and the highest frequencies investigated, both materials exhibit a sublinear spectrum. For CRN the dielectric loss follows a power law with a frequency exponent 0.2 over three decades of frequency.
Feasibility of ocean fertilization and its impact on future atmospheric CO2 levels

Iron fertilization of macronutrient-rich but biologically unproductive ocean waters has been proposed for sequestering anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The first carbon export measurements in the Southern Ocean (SO) during the recent SO-Iron Experiment (SOFeX) yielded ∼900 t C exported per 1.26 t Fe added. This allows the first realistic, data-based feasibility assessment of large-scale iron fertilization and corresponding future atmospheric CO 2 prognosis. Using various carbon cycle models, we find that if 20% of the world's surface ocean were fertilized 15 times per year until year 2100, it would reduce atmospheric CO 2 by ≤15 ppmv at an expected level of ∼700 ppmv for business-as-usual scenarios. Thus, based on the SOFeX results and currently available technology, large-scale oceanic iron fertilization appears not a feasible strategy to sequester anthropogenic CO 2 .
Addition of p-Azido-l-phenylalanine to the Genetic Code of Escherichia coli

We report the selection of a new orthogonal aminoacyl tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair for the in vivo incorporation of a photocrosslinker, p-azido-l-phenylalanine, into proteins in response to the amber codon, TAG. The amino acid is incorporated in good yield with high fidelity and can be used to crosslink interacting proteins.
Static, vibration and buckling analysis of axisymmetric circular plates using finite elements

Abstract The static, vibration, and buckling analysis of axisymmetric circular plates using the finite element method is discussed. For the static analysis, the stiffness matrix of a typical annular plate element is derived from the given displacement function and the appropriate constitutive relations. By assuming that the static displacement function, which is an exact solution of the circular plate equation ▿ 2 ▿ 2 W = 0, closely represents the vibration and buckling modes, the mass and stability coefficient matrices for an annular element are also constructed. In addition to the annular element, the stiffness, mass, and stability coefficient matrices for a closure element are also included for the analysis of complete circular plates (no center hole). As an extension of the analysis, the exact displacement function for the symmetrical bending of circular plates having polar orthotropy is also given.
25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and in vivo insulin sensitivity and β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity in black and white youth.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and in vivo insulin sensitivity and β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity, disposition index (DI), in black and white youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were analyzed in banked specimens in healthy youth aged 8 to 18 years who had existing data on hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity and secretion, and measurements of body composition, and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). RESULTS A total of 183 research volunteers (mean ± SD; age, 12.6 ± 2.2 years; 98 white, 98 male, 92 obese) were studied. Analysis of HbA 1c , fasting glucose and insulin, insulin sensitivity, and DI across quartiles of plasma 25(OH)D revealed no differences among whites. In blacks, the observed significance of higher insulin sensitivity and DI in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D disappeared after adjusting for any of the adiposity measures (BMI or fat mass or VAT or SAT). The difference in insulin sensitivity (9.4 ± 1.2 vs. 5.6 ± 0.5 mg/kg/min per μU/mL; P = 0.006) between 25(OH)D nondeficient (≥20 ng/mL) versus deficient ( CONCLUSIONS In healthy youth, plasma 25(OH)D concentrations bear no independent relationship to parameters of glucose homeostasis and in vivo insulin sensitivity and β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity. It remains to be determined whether in youth with dysglycemia the relationships are different and whether vitamin D optimization enhances insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.
NORMS FOR MATHEMATICALLY GIFTED ADOLESCENTS ON THE CONCEPT MASTERY TEST.

Form T of the Concept Mastery Test was originally constructed (Terman, 1956) to retest the gifted Ss of Terman's longitudinal study of genius, and their spouses. The test was designed to measure Spearman's "g" factor of intelligence. Form T extended downward to make possible measurement of the more average spouses of Terman's sample. It is highly useful as a short, group-administered tesr of very high ability for the high school and college range. The present study sample consists of 150 mathematically gifted adolescents, 10th and 11th graders, who attended the summer program in advanced mathematics at Florida State University. These youngsters, all above the 90th percentile on the STEP test in mathematics, have a mean Stanford-Binet IQ of 139. Follow-up data have indicated that they represent a sample of the furure scientists: over 90% of them follow science majors in college. This group represents a strategic minority of highly gifted smdents about whom normative data are needed, to better understand their characteristics, and to obtain base-line data from which to predict for the individual. On the Concept Mastery Test these Ss had a mean of 48, SD of 23, on Part One, Synonyms and Antonyms. On Part Two, Analogies, their mean was 48; SD, 11. The full-rest mean was 96; SD, 40. The sample included 37 females and 113 males and no sex differences were found for Concept Mastery Test scores. Using the Pearson product-moment correlation, the Concept Mastery Test correlates .55 with the Verbal Scale of the WAIS, .06 with the Performance Scale, and .39 with the Full Scale W A l S IQ. It correlates only .40 with the Biner, which may relate to the fact that the Binet performance of the math group as a whole was near the ceiling of the Binet, while many went over the ceiling. The two parts of the Concept Mastery Test correlated .64 with each other; the Synonyms and Antonyms correlated .64 with the total test, while the Analogies correlated .69. Long-range followup of these students will indicate the value of the Concept Mastery Test as a predictor of success in science. Grades, honors in the field, and contributions to the field of science will be used as criteria of success. As the Concept Mastery Test shows great score variability and has room at the ceiling, it may indicate more clearly the range of the individual differences for these highly-selected, and in many ways homogeneous, srudenrs. It is significant to have normative data on this small but viral minority of mathematically gifted adolescents who seem to be moving toward careers in science.
Brain stem cells as the cell of origin in glioma

Glioma incidence rates in the United States are near 20000 new cases per year, with a median survival time of 14.6 mo for high-grade gliomas due to limited therapeutic options. The origins of these tumors and their many subtypes remain a matter of investigation. Evidence from mouse models of glioma and human clinical data have provided clues about the cell types and initiating oncogenic mutations that drive gliomagenesis, a topic we review here. There has been mixed evidence as to whether or not the cells of origin are neural stem cells, progenitor cells or differentiated progeny. Many of the existing murine models target cell populations defined by lineage-specific promoters or employ lineage-tracing methods to track the potential cells of origin. Our ability to target specific cell populations will likely increase concurrently with the knowledge gleaned from an understanding of neurogenesis in the adult brain. The cell of origin is one variable in tumorigenesis, as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes may differentially transform the neuroglial cell types. Knowledge of key driver mutations and susceptible cell types will allow us to understand cancer biology from a developmental standpoint and enable early interventional strategies and biomarker discovery.
Application of monolithic CdZnTe linear solid state ionization detectors for x-ray imaging

Current approaches to digital radiography and tomography are dominated by the use of Scintillator-Photodiode arrays as detectors. To improve the quality of the data for such measurements it is desirable to increase the efficiency of the device both for the absorption of incoming x rays as well as the ratio of current produced per unit dose. In order to be of practical use, such detectors must maintain a high signal to noise performance and level of dark current stability in the presence of large radiation fluxes. In this laboratory, we are exploring the use of monolithic linear arrays that directly convert ionizing radiation into charge without the intervening photo-emission step. We have evaluated detectors made from CdTe as well as CdZnTe intrinsic material with a variety of contact methods. Our studies have shown that the relative efficiency of charge collection of the holes within the pulse shaping time is the most significant parameter governing their use. Data have been collected on this property from several devices. CdZnTe solid state devices produce over ten times the current per absorbed dose than a typical scintillator-photodiode. Recent advances in raw material production and contact technology provide detectors which can maintain their operating characteristics over kilo-rad of dose. Readout methods that use pulse counting mode operation have been evaluated. Results are shown on the sensitivity and spatial resolution of these detectors. Examples of results taken with multi-element, monolithic devices fabricated thus far are demonstrated with some estimates on the possibility for the production of larger arrays.
Rates of southeast Greenland ice volume loss from combined ICESat and ASTER observations

[1] Repeat satellite laser altimetry is critical for observing the rapidly changing mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. However, sparse sampling and high surface slopes over rapidly thinning, coastal outlet glaciers may result in underestimation of mass loss. Here we supplement ICESat-derived surface elevation changes with differenced ASTER digital elevation models of outlet glaciers in southeastern Greenland, the region with the largest concentrated change in outlet glacier mass loss. We estimate a 2002–2005 regional volume-loss rate of 108 km3/yr. Our results are consistent with drainage-scale GRACE and mass-budget estimates when differences in observation periods are taken into account. The two largest glaciers, Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim, account for only 28% of the mass loss, illustrating the combined importance of smaller glaciers and the need for complete observational coverage. Additionally, we find that rapid, concentrated thinning within the outlets represents a small contribution to the total volume change compared to dispersed inland thinning.
Effects of dietary macronutrient distribution on resting and post-exercise metabolism

Background Previous research has demonstrated that habitual dietary macronutrient distribution affects energy substrate utilization at rest and during exercise. The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between habitual baseline macronutrient intakes, expressed relative to bodyweight and percentage of total energy intake, and metabolism at rest and after exercise in women. Methods Twenty recreationally active women (Mean ± SD; Age 24.6 ± 3.9 yrs; Height 164.4 ± 6.6 cm; Weight 62.7 ± 6.6 kg; BF% 28.2 ± 4.8%) volunteered for the current study. Prior to metabolic testing, participants completed strength testing to determine their 1RM for six resistance exercises and completed a 3-day dietary log. Participants were provided with detailed instructions for accurately logging food intake and portion sizes, and instructed to record their regular food intake on two week days and one weekend day. Logs were analyzed using The Food Processor software (ESHA Research, Salem, OR, USA). Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Exercise was prescribed using baseline strength data and heart rate reserve calculations. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and resting energy expenditure (REE) were analyzed via indirect calorimetry (Parvomedics TrueOne 2400) before exercise (PRE), and during minutes 0-10 (IP), 25-35 (30min), and 50-60 (60min) post-exercise. Bivariate correlations and independent samples t-tests were completed using SPSS software (Version 19.0; IBM, Somers, NY, USA). Participants were stratified based on fat intake as a percentage of total caloric intake (high fat > 35% of total kcals, n=11; low fat 1.3 g/kg, n=11; low fat 35% of kilocalories from fat had a significantly higher bench press 1RM (p=0.048) and lower RER at 30min (p=0.033) and 60 min (p=0.033). Participants consuming > 1.3 g/kg of fat per day trended toward lower fat mass (p=0.09) and BF% (p=0.07). Conclusions Results indicate that baseline macronutrient distribution impacts post-exercise energy metabolism in women. Higher fat and lower CHO intake was associated with greater post-exercise REE and lower post-exercise RER, indicating greater fat utilization. Higher fat intakes may also influence resistance exercise performance and body composition; participants with higher fat intake had a greater bench press 1RM and trended towards lower indices of adiposity. These results suggest that the relative contributions of CHO and fat to total caloric intake may have significant implications for metabolism and body composition in women. Future research should evaluate the effects of modulating habitual macronutrient distribution to impart favorable effects on energy metabolism, body composition, and resistance exercise performance in women.
Counterexamples to L'Hoˆpital's rule

(1986). Counterexamples to L'hopital's Rule. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 8, pp. 644-645.
Effect of carbon nanofiber-matrix adhesion on polymeric nanocomposite properties: part II

A successful integration of two independent phases with good adhesion is imperative for effective translation of superior carbon nanofiber filler properties into a physically superior carbon nanocomposite. Carbon nanofibers were subjected to electrochemical oxidation in 0.1 M nitric acid for varying times. The strength of adhesion between the nanofiber and an epoxy matrix was characterized by flexural strength and modulus. The surface functional groups formed and their concentration of nanofibers showed a dependence on the degree of oxidation. The addition of chemical functional groups on the nanofiber surface allows them to physically and chemically adhere to the continuous resin matrix. The chemical interaction with the continuous epoxy matrix results in the creation of an interphase region. The ability to chemically and physically interact with the epoxy region is beneficial to the mechanical properties of a carbon nanocomposite. A tailored degree of surface functionalization was found to increase adhesion to the matrix and increase flexural modulus.
Modified white-light Mach-Zehnder interferometer for direct group-delay measurements.

A modified white-light Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on a single beam splitter is described for direct group-delay measurements. The arms of the interferometer are folded in such a manner that a single beam splitter can be used to split the incoming beam and combine the outgoing beams. This method offers a twofold advantage: The measuring range of the interferometer is twice as large as that of the Michelson interferometer, and the systematic error that is associated with the beam splitter is minimized because of the configuration. We report the results of measurements on various optical components performed in the 555–630-nm spectral region and propose a scheme for the processing of the experimental data. We present a comparison of the data analyzed by the proposed processing scheme along with the theoretical calculations.
A heterodyne receiver for harmonic doppler radar cardio-pulmonary monitoring with body-worn passive RF tags

Harmonic Doppler radar can be used to isolate a subject's respiratory motion from environmental clutter. In this paper, a heterodyne receiver is used to detect tag motion and human cardiopulmonary activity, with the results compared with a that using a homodyne receiver. The heterodyne system is shown to work at a greater distance from the subject (more than 160 cm) with greater sensitivity to tag motion (more than 10 dB), using the same transmitted power (10 dBm). Both homodyne and heterodyne receivers are also used to successfully detect a human heartbeat by attaching a passive harmonic tag over a subject's chest.
Dominance and neophobia in coyote ( Canis latrans ) breeding pairs

Previous research suggests that within social animals, subordinate individuals are less neophobic than dominant individuals. We investigated the effect of social status on neophobic responses using 10 captive coyote breeding pairs. Social status was determined from observations offeeding behavior and agonistic interactions during a series of reference trials. Once dominance was established, we surrounded an experimental areawith novelstimuli(ropes adorned withinterspersedflags) to create a novel context around a familiar food source. Contrary to hypotheses, dominant coyotes were first to feed, showed more interest toward novel stimuli, and eventually crossed the barrier, which subordinates never did. Our results indicate that dominant coyotes are less neophobic of novel settings that contain familiar food than subordinates are. Since a reduction in neophobia can be interpreted as an increase in risk taking, our results support previous observations that dominant (alpha) coyotes take more risks than subordinates. Our results also suggest reasons for differential observations of coyote behavior in the field: artificial selection against bold behavior in populations undergoing predator control. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Extended range distributed laser serial imaging in turbid estuarine and coastal conditions

One pressing need in the drive to better secure the coastal environment and associated natural and manmade assets is the ability to rapidly identify suspicious undersea objects. Typically murky harbor and coastal waters render this task nearly impossible, even with the most sophisticated underwater camera technologies. However, simpler system architectures that can extend operational range and also rapidly transmit high-quality imagery and other information to remote locations could be realized if a serial laser illuminator and single element detector sub-systems are operated in a distributed configuration, possibly among multiple undersea robotic platforms. To gain a better understanding of the potential performance of this distributed undersea imaging technique in natural waters, and also to determine if precise alignment is required between laser illuminator and detector sub-systems during such operations, the Ocean Visibility and Optics Laboratory at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute recently developed a prototype distributed laser imager. The system was tested recently in a range of very turbid estuarine conditions off the east coast of Florida. Results from these experiments as well as a description of this distributed laser imager prototype will be presented and discussed in this paper.
A multicriteria decision-making approach to university resource allocations and information infrastructure planning

This paper presents an application of zero-one goal programming (GP) as an aid for resource allocations for information infrastructure planning in a university. The GP model is developed and analyzed to address the dramatic growth in information technology use and network planning. The analytic hierarchy process method is used to assign proper weights to prioritized project goals. Sensitivity analyses are performed to improve the model applicability. The application of the GP model adds insight to the planning functions of the University's information systems.
Intrainvestigator comparison of efficacy of endometrial ablation by two different methods

Abstract Objective: To compare results of endometrial ablation by rollerball and hydrothermablation among nine clinical sites to determine whether the efficacy of either technique varied from site to site and therefore from surgeon to surgeon. Methods: A blind, retrospective comparison of 276 patients, ages 30–50 years, who underwent endometrial ablation in nine sites with either rollerball or hydrothermablation. Results were based on the analysis of 6 months of Janssen menstrual diaries completed by the subjects. Comparison of percent success (defined as eumenorrhea or better) to percent failure was calculated for each method and then compared among the nine sites. Results: The success rate of rollerball endometrial ablation appeared to vary from site to site more than the success rate of hydrothermablation, which was more consistent from site to site. Conclusions: The success of endometrial ablation by rollerball varied among surgeons, whereas the success of hydrothermablation was more consistent and therefore likely less dependent on the technique or experience of the surgeon.
Rhabdomyolysis and Necrotic Bowel After Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Overdose

A 28-year-old man with schizophrenia intentionally ingested a lethal dose of acetaminophen and an unknown quantity of ibuprofen. He arrived at the hospital with acute renal and fulminant liver failure complicated by rhabdomyolysis. His creatine kinase level was 20,306 U/L on admission, which increased to 245,595 U/L by hospital day 2, and subsequently decreased to 339 U/L by day 16. The patient underwent liver transplantation on day 3; necrotic bowel was found during surgery. Rhabdomyolysis associated with acetaminophen overdose has been described only in a few case reports, but rarely in association with acetaminophen taken alone. The literature does not provide a clear association between acetaminophen and rhabdomyolysis because of other possible traumatic and nontraumatic causes. In this case, the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable adverse reaction of rhabdomyolysis associated with acetaminophen overdose. In addition, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are well known to be ulcerogenic in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but potential effects on the lower tract are less well known. Only a few NSAID-induced cases of ischemic colitis have been reported. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed, such as direct mucosal damage and inhibition of intestinal prostaglandin production. In this patient, the Naranjo scale indicated a probable adverse reaction of ischemic colitis associated with ibuprofen overdose. Patients who have taken an acetaminophen overdose should be assessed for rhabdomyolysis as a possible complication. In addition, an evaluation of ibuprofen-induced bowel necrosis in these patients may be warranted.
Resonances for the AC-Stark effect

The resonance problem for the AC-Stark effect is discussed. We prove that all bound states of the system −(1/2)Δ +V(x) will turn into resonances after an AC-electric field is switched on and the order of the imaginary part of a resonance is determined by the number of the photons it takes to ionize the bound state which is turning into the resonance; if two bound states have energy difference of the photon, there exists a state which oscillates between the two states for a long time.
Electrophoretic separation of intermediate compounds in two reactions of ferrihemoglobin

Abstract The intermediate compound hypothesis for reactions of hemoglobin has been confirmed by electrophoretic separation of intermediate species. Partial oxidation of carbonmonoxyhemoglobin to ferrihemoglobin is accompanied by the formation of electrophoretic components which migrate more rapidly than carbonmonoxyhemoglobin and more slowly than ferrihemoglobin at acid pH. Comparative results by electrophoretic and spectrophotometric analyses indicate that these components are the intermediate species in the series of reactions: ( HbCO ) 4 →( HbCO ) 3 Hb +1 →( HbCO ) 2 Hb 2 +2 →( HbCO ) Hb 3 +3 → Hb 4 +4 Electrophoretic heterogeneity associated with partial saturation of ferrihemoglobin with cyanide ion apparently results from the reactions: Hb 4 +4 →( HbCN ) Hb 3 +3 →( HbCN ) 2 Hb 2 +2 →( HbCN ) 3 Hb +1 →( HbCN ) 1 . These separations were possible because of the charge differences among the species and the slowness with which they re-equilibrate.
Combined Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Insertion and Glaucoma Drainage Device Placement for Chronic Uveitis and Glaucoma

Purpose To determine whether a fluocinolone acetonide sustained-release intravitreal drug delivery system can be implanted safely at the same time that a glaucoma drainage device is placed for eyes with uveitis and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) receiving maximum tolerated IOP-lowering therapy. Design Retrospective, observational case series. Methods Subjects had chronic noninfectious intermediate or posterior uveitis and elevated IOP while receiving maximum tolerated medical therapy. Fluocinolone acetonide implantation and glaucoma tube shunt placement were performed in a single surgical session. The main outcome measures were inflammatory recurrences, visual acuity (VA), use of adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy, IOP, and adverse events. Results Seven eyes of 5 patients were studied. The average number of recurrences 12 months before implantation was 3 episodes per eye; of the 3 eyes followed up for more than 30 months, none had an inflammatory recurrence within 30 months after implantation. The mean Snellen visual acuity 12 months after the combined surgery was 20/114, compared with 20/400 at baseline. Adjunctive steroid use decreased. Average IOP decreased from 27.3 mm Hg at baseline to 14.6 mm Hg 12 months after the combined surgery ( P = .019). Conclusions The favorable results observed in all eyes suggest that fluocinolone acetonide implantation can be safely combined with glaucoma tube shunt placement in a single surgical session in eyes with uveitis and elevated IOP receiving maximum tolerated IOP-lowering therapy. Uveitis recurrences decreased, visual acuity improved, and IOP decreased. There were no adverse events during insertion of the fluocinolone acetonide implant and placement of the glaucoma tube shunt.
Comparison of Vancouver and International League of Associations for rheumatology classification criteria for juvenile psoriatic arthritis.

Objective The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria constitute the current international diagnostic standard for juvenile psoriatic arthritis (PsA), replacing the less-restrictive Vancouver criteria. The impact of this change on the population diagnosed with juvenile PsA is unknown. Methods We reviewed the records of patients seen in a pediatric rheumatology clinic with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes for psoriasis, PsA, or spondylarthritis. Characteristics of children who met the Vancouver and ILAR criteria were compared. Results Of 139 children meeting the Vancouver criteria for juvenile PsA, ILAR criteria excluded 80 (58%). Grounds for exclusion were insufficiently definitive rash (44%), a competing diagnosis of enthesitis-related arthritis (23%), family history of psoriasis limited to second-degree relatives (16%), fulfillment of criteria for >1 subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (5%), and HLA–B27 in a male with arthritis onset after age 6 (2%). Remaining patients were not homogeneous but could be divided into younger and older subpopulations differing in clinical features as described previously among patients identified under the Vancouver standard. Of excluded patients, 76% were reclassified as having other forms of JIA yet were phenotypically comparable with those retained. Conclusion Despite apparently modest changes from previous criteria, ILAR definitions strikingly restrict the diagnosis of PsA in childhood. Similarity between excluded and included patients suggests that these restrictions may not reflect substantive clinical differences. To the extent that excluded patients become reclassified within JIA, current criteria risk compromising other ILAR categories while reducing the number of patients available for the study of juvenile PsA.
The activity of a blood type B specific exoglycosidase from Glycine max

Abstract Soluble antigens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and cell suspension assays were used to study the blood group B activity of Glycine max (soybean) α- d -galactosidase. The enzyme readily hydrolyzed the terminal α- d -galactosyl of the B antigen under a variety of conditions, converting it to H antigen. Conversion of the B antigen to H antigen produces blood type O which is universally transfusable. These preliminary studies are important in determining optimal conditions for enzymatic conversion of blood type B to O erythrocytes if efficient large-scale production of enzymatically converted, universally transfusable red blood cells is to be achieved.
Ibsen, Theatre, and the Ideology of Modernism

Over the past generation, literary critics and theatre scholars in the United States have not been overly interested in Ibsen, widely considered a fuddy-duddy old realist who never truly became modern. The fact that his plays are still performed all over the world has had little effect on scholarly opinion. This is a deplorable state of affairs, for Ibsen is a major writer of modernity on a par with Baudelaire, and Flaubert. He is also unique among nineteenth-century writers for his clear-eyed and profound analysis of the relationships between women and men in modernity.
Impact of alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist use for benign prostatic hypertrophy on outcomes in patients with heart failure.

Previous clinical trials have shown that α 1 -adrenergic antagonists are not effective in subjects with heart failure (HF) and might increase HF rates when used for hypertension. However, α 1 -adrenergic antagonists may be prescribed to subjects with HF who have symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. We sought to determine any association between α 1 -adrenergic antagonist use, commonly prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the clinical outcomes of subjects with HF receiving contemporary therapy. An existing database of 388 subjects with decompensated HF admissions from 2002 to 2004 at the Veterans Affairs Hospital was analyzed according to the use of α 1 -adrenergic antagonists at discharge. Covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine any association with future admissions for decompensated HF and total mortality. Alpha-1-adrenergic antagonist therapy was prescribed in 25% of our HF population, predominantly for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and was not associated with significant increases in the combined risk of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for HF (hazard ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.65, p = 0.14), HF hospitalization (hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.70, p = 0.31), or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.56, p = 0.57). In patients not receiving β-blocker therapy, α 1 -adrenergic antagonist therapy was significantly associated with increased HF hospitalizations (hazard ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 3.32, p = 0.015). In conclusion, in patients with chronic HF, the use of α 1 -adrenergic antagonists was significantly associated with more HF hospitalizations when prescribed without concomitant β blockade. Thus, background β-blocker therapy appears to be protective against the potential harmful effects of α 1 -adrenergic antagonist therapy in patients with HF.
The Geopolitics of the Balkans

THE GROUPING of Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Roumania and Yugoslavia under the common term "Balkan" is in a sense artificial, because the five states do not form a cultural or an economic unit.' With certain exceptions, the territories of these states once were comprised within the Ottoman Empire. A natural thoroughfare between Europe and Asia, the Balkans have become the home of an intermixture of national and racial groups tossed about by the ebb and flow of conquest. Wave after wave of invaders have over-run the region, imposing alien cultures upon the resentful victims and adding new deposits to a perplexing mixture. In general, Balkan history is rich in tidal sweeps that have imposed upon the present generations memories of victories and defeats, embroidered with passionate partisanship. At least a part of each of the Balkan peoples at some time or another has been under the domination of its neighbors. And above the intraBalkan conflicts, there always has been the memories of the conquerors sweeping periodically over the Balkan Peninsula.
A Cognitive-Perceptual Approach to Conceptualizing Speech Intelligibility Deficits and Remediation Practice in Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Hypokinetic dysarthria is a common manifestation of Parkinson's disease, which negatively influences quality of life. Behavioral techniques that aim to improve speech intelligibility constitute the bulk of intervention strategies for this population, as the dysarthria does not often respond vigorously to medical interventions. Although several case and group studies generally support the efficacy of behavioral treatment, much work remains to establish a rigorous evidence base. This absence of definitive research leaves both the speech-language pathologist and referring physician with the task of determining the feasibility and nature of therapy for intelligibility remediation in PD. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel framework for medical practitioners in which to conceptualize and justify potential targets for speech remediation. The most commonly targeted deficits (e.g., speaking rate and vocal loudness) can be supported by this approach, as well as underutilized and novel treatment targets that aim at the listener's perceptual skills.
Viscosity of Coal-Derived Liquids. 2. Application of the Model to Coal Liquid Fractions

The group contribution viscosity model for pure coal model liquids described in a previous paper (Energy Fuels 1995, 10, 333) has been successfully extended to binary liquid mixtures of coal model compounds, and a procedure has been developed to use the model for computation of viscosities of coal-derived liquids. It is shown that simple mixing rules, or even a pseudopure component model, is adequate to estimate mixture viscosity within reasonable accuracy for these compounds. For application of the model to coal-derived liquids, a data set on SRC-II coal liquid cuts available in the literature has been used. Sufficient chemical analysis data were available for these cuts to make the application of our model possible. The computational procedure involved transformation of the analytical data into functional group characterization of the coal liquid. Central to this procedure was the definition of types and distributions of various ring structures in multiring compounds. When compared to limited studies av...
Models of fragmentation and partitioning phenomena based on the symmetric group S n and combinational analysis

Various models for fragmentation and partitioning phenomena are developed using methods from permutation groups and combinational analysis. The appearance and properties of power laws in these models are discussed. Several exactly soluble cases are studied. An application to nuclear fragmentation and clusterization is given. A connection with Ewens's approach [Theor. Popul. Biol. 3, 87 (1972); Mathematical Population Genetics (Springer, Berlin, 1979)] to genetic diversity is mentioned. Applications to the social behavior of a vervet monkey troop and to the group behavior of people are given.
WAVES CAUSED BY A MOVING DISTURBANCE IN A SHALLOW CHANNEL OF FINITE WIDTH

The flow created by an impulsively started pressure distribution travelling at a constant velocity in a shallow channel is investigated. The restricted Green-Naghdi theory of fluid sheets is used to perform the three-dimensional calculations. The results show remarkable similarity to model tests. In particular, these calculations predict the periodic generation of two-dimensional solitons in front of and travelling faster than the disturbance if the disturbance is large enough. Behind the disturbance a complicated, doubly corrugated set of waves is formed. The computations also predict that periodic creation of solitons is accompanied by a correspondingly periodic oscillation of the wave drag, as well as a dramatic increase in the mean wave drag.
Electrocatalytic mechanism and kinetics of SOMs oxidation on ordered PtPb and PtBi intermetallic compounds: DEMS and FTIRS study

The electrocatalytic activities and mechanisms of PtPb and PtBi ordered intermetallic phases towards formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol oxidation have been studied by DEMS and FTIRS, and the results compared to those for a pure polycrystalline platinum electrode. While PtPb exhibits an enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of all three organic molecules when compared to a Pt electrode, PtBi exhibits an enhanced catalytic activity towards formic acid and formaldehyde oxidation, but not methanol. FTIRS data indicate that adsorbed CO does not form on PtPb or PtBi intermetallic compounds during the oxidation of formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol, and therefore their oxidation on both PtPb and PtBi intermetallic compounds proceeds via a non-COads pathway. Quantitative DEMS measurements indicate that only CO2 was detected as a final product during formic acid oxidation on Pt, PtPb and PtBi electrodes. At a smooth polycrystalline platinum electrode, the oxidation of formaldehyde and methanol produces mainly intermediates (formaldehyde and formic acid), while CO2 is a minor product. In contrast, CO2 is the major product for formaldehyde and methanol oxidation at a PtPb electrode. The high current efficiency of CO2 formation for methanol and formaldehyde oxidation at a PtPb electrode can be ascribed to the complete dehydrogenation of formaldehyde and formic acid due to electronic effects. The low onset potential, high current density and high CO2 yield make PtPb one of the most promising electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications using small organic molecules as fuels.