cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flume experiments on the production of stratification and cross-stratification

ABSTRACT Experiments are being conducted in flumes designed to simulate conditions of deposition (1) through stream current action, and (2) by slumping into a standing body of water. Previous experiments, made in a wind tunnel with dry sand, formed deposits (1) by wind currents and (2) by avalanching down steep slopes. Stratification, or cross-stratification, was developed under each of the four environments of deposition. The type of deposit formed depends upon such factors as speed of current, depth of water, size of grain, degree of sorting. Significant observations from the experiments include: (1) Foreset beds develop without bottomset beds where sorting is good and clay minerals are absent or sparse. (2) Topset beds commonly are eliminated in delta-front deposits through lowering of the water level. (3) Wind-deposited sand on the lee sides of dunes forms strata with dips that consistently are several degrees greater than those of foreset slopes in water-deposited sand of corresponding grain size and texture. (4) Channel profiles tend to be U-shaped where formed by streams flowing down the channel bottoms, semicircular where formed by currents in a standing body of water that fills the channels. (5) Cross-stratification that appears to be upside down, consisting of festoons that are convex upward, can be formed by coale cing lobes at the front of an advancing delta; strata in channel-fills, including "festoon" types, vary from those that curve in conformity with the channel to those that are nearly flat-lying as a result of differences in position of water level at or above the channel rims during deposition.
Effect of Base Material on RFID Tag Readability

RFID tags are commonly used to track products in many applications including retail and pharmaceutical industries. Tag readability is detrimental to the successful implementation and use of RFID in commercial applications. Tag readability is adversely affected when tags are adhered to metal surfaces such as metal cans and containers. This paper studies the effect of base material on tag readability. We have designed and built an experimental setup in the RFID lab to perform our studies. Our studies show that the metal effect is influenced by the distance between the tag and the base material (padding material) and the distance between the tag and its RFID reader. The studies also reveal the threshold values for improving tag readability.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The disability process: Contributions of service agencies to client disability ☆

Abstract Our efforts to understand why some patients admitted to our psychiatric hospital service responded well to treatment while other, seemingly similar, patients responded poorly and with much residual disability, led us earlier to the idea of the “Illness Process,” a series of steps leading from subjective distress (anxiety and depression) to the stress-reducing emergence of “sanctioned disability.” The “Illness Process” seemed to arise from the interplay of personality attributes and situational demands. In this paper we consider a larger issue, “The Disability Process,” in which certain characteristics of organizations and institutions, impinging on vulnerable personalities, can be seen to contribute to the development and persistence of disability.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: an update

SUMMARY. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a disease that is being recognized with increasing frequency. In children it is responsible for feeding disorders, vomiting, reflux symptoms and abdominal pain and in adults it causes dysphagia and esophageal food impactions. The diagnosis requires the histologic finding of > 20 eosinophils per high powered field in esophageal squamous mucosa. The most common treatment regimens in children and adults involve the ingestion of topical corticosteroids. Symptomatic relapse after one treatment course is common, and many patients require repeated courses of treatment. The long-term prognosis of EE is largely unknown.
Evolution of the crossed-action intracranial aneurysm clip. Technical note.

✓ The helical coiled-spring aneurysm clip with crossed legs evolved from clips designed by Mayfield and Scoville. The problems encountered during its development stimulated an evaluation of metals used in neurosurgery, the creation of implant standards, and the use of metals with greater strength and tissue compatibility; these metals later proved to be safe during magnetic resonance imaging.
Migration, crisis and theoretical conflict.

This essay examines the nature of the distinction between the equilibrium and historical-structuralist postions on migration as presented in the preceding article by Charles Wood. Rather than as paradigmatic confrontation, we reexamine their theoretical and political differences historically and in the context of the current world economic crisis. We discuss his proposal to focus on households as a strategy for integrating the two perspectives and for advancing an historical-structuralist understanding of migration and social change.
Defense reactions of Drosophila euronotus larvae against the hymenopterous parasite Pseudeucoila bochei.

Abstract In larvae of Drosophila euronotus large numbers of eggs of the hymenopterous parasite Pseudeucoila bochei do not hatch, and many of the parasite larvae fail to develop beyond the first stage. Parasite mortality in this host is not due to encapsulation reactions that are characteristic of insects and other invertebrates against internal metazoan parasites. None of the dead parasites dissected from their hosts and examined with phase-contrast microscopy was seen enveloped by hemocytes. Most of the dead parasite eggs resembled newly laid eggs with little or no differentiation evident. On some dead parasite larvae pigment, presumably melanin, had been deposited. Since hemocytes are considered to be directly responsible for pigment formation in insects, a different type of hemocytic response was considered to be operative to suppress the development of P. bochei. Quantitative studies of the hemocytes of host larvae during infection showed marked changes in the percentages podocytes and oencytoids. The significance of these changes and a possible role of the phenoloxidase system in the defense reactions of D. euronotus are discussed.
Pipe mapping with monocular fisheye imagery

We present a vision-based mapping and localization system for operations in pipes such as those found in Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) production. A forward facing fisheye camera mounted on a prototype robot collects imagery as it is teleoperated through a pipe network. The images are processed offline to estimate camera pose and sparse scene structure where the results can be used to generate 3D renderings of the pipe surface. The method extends state of the art visual odometry and mapping for fisheye systems to incorporate geometric constraints based on prior knowledge of the pipe components into a Sparse Bundle Adjustment framework. These constraints significantly reduce inaccuracies resulting from the limited spatial resolution of the fisheye imagery, limited image texture, and visual aliasing. Preliminary results are presented for datasets collected in our fiberglass pipe network which demonstrate the validity of the approach.
Origins of the Regioselectivities in the Diels−Alder Reactions of Vinylindenes with 1,4-Quinone Monoketal and Acrolein Dienophiles

Computations with density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) have elucidated the origins of regioselectivities in the Diels-Alder reaction of vinylindene with a 1,4-quinone monoketal reaction that was employed as the key step in the synthesis of fluostatin C. Frontier Molecular Orbital theory and an electrostatic model are applied to the reactions of alkyl-substituted and vinylindene dienes with 1,4-quinone monoketal and acrolein dienophiles. Regiochemical results that deviate from expectation are explained by a progression from electronic to steric control upon the addition of a Lewis acid catalyst.
Analytical determination of thermal conductivity of W–UO2 and W–UN CERMET nuclear fuels

The thermal conductivity of tungsten based CERMET fuels containing UO2 and UN fuel particles are determined as a function of particle geometry, stabilizer fraction and fuel-volume fraction, by using a combination of an analytical approach and experimental data collected from literature. Thermal conductivity is estimated using the Bruggeman–Fricke model. This study demonstrates that thermal conductivities of various CERMET fuels can be analytically predicted to values that are very close to the experimentally determined ones.
Effects of ephedrine isomers on myocardial catecholamines.

Abstract All ephedrine isomers except D(−)-ephedrine, cause release of similar amounts of norepinephrine from the isolated rabbit-heart. D(−)-ephedrine causes release of substantially larger amounts of norepinephrine. Perfusion with D(−)-ephedrine and D(−)-pseudoephedrine increases the norepinephrine content of the heart to essentially the same extent, but L(+)-ephedrine and L(+)-pseudoephedrine cause no significant increase.
Findings from a Process Evaluation of a Statewide Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program for Youthful Offenders

Despite the critical importance of process evaluations to enhancing the efficiency and long-term effectiveness of chemical dependency treatment programs, attention to process-related dimensions of treatment programming has been largely neglected. Using data collected on youthful offenders with chemical dependency treatment needs in the Texas Youth Commission, this article provides a systematic and empirical process evaluation of factors associated with successful program progress in the Texas Youth Commission's Chemical Dependency Treatment Program. Analyses focus on appropriate program placement and whether and to what extent risk, dynamic or criminogenic need, behavioral, and treatment amenability factors are related to several key measures of program progress—including completion or expulsion, days to completion or expulsion, and performance—as well as to variation among these outcomes across treatment sites. Policy and research implications of these analyses and of process evaluations are discussed.
Phylogenetic analysis of DNA length mutations in a repetitive region of the Hawaiian Drosophila yolk protein gene Yp2.

Nucleotide sequence analysis has demonstrated that interspecific size variation in the YP2 yolk protein among HawaiianDrosophila is due to in-frame insertions and deletions in two repetitive segments of the coding region of the Yp2 gene. Sequence comparisons of the complex repetitive region close to the 5′ end of this gene across 34 endemic Hawaiian taxa revealed five length morphs, spanning a length difference of 21 nucleotides (nt). A phylogenetic character reconstruction of the length mutations on an independently derived molecular phylogeny showed clade-specific length variants arising from six ancient events: two identical insertions of 6 nt, and four deletions, one of 6 nt, one of 12 nt, and two identical but independent deletions of 15 nt. These mutations can be attributed to replication slippage with nontandem trinucleotide repeats playing a major role in the slipped-strand mispairing. Geographic analysis suggests that the 15 nt deletion which distinguishes theplanitibia subgroup from thecyrtoloma subgroup occurred on Oahu about 3 million years ago. The homoplasies observed caution against relying too heavily on nucleotide insertions/deletions for phylogenetic inference. In contrast to the extensive repeat polymorphisms within otherDrosophila and the human species, the more complex 5′Yp2 repetitive region analyzed here appears to lack polymorphism among HawaiianDrosophila, perhaps due to founder effects, low population sizes, and hitchhiking effects of selection on the immediately adjacent 5′ region.
Land Titling and Rural Transition in Vietnam

Abstract We examine the impact of the 1993 Land Law of Vietnam, which gave households the power to exchange, transfer, lease, inherit, and mortgage their land‐use rights. We use household surveys before and after the law was passed, together with the considerable variation across provinces in the speed of implementation of the reform, to identify the impact of the law. We find that the additional land rights led to statistically significant increases in the share of total area devoted to long‐term crops and in labor devoted to nonfarm activities. However, these changes are not large in magnitude and appear to be driven mainly by the increased security of tenure provided by the law rather than by increased access to credit markets or greater land market participation.
A hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met)−insulin receptor hybrid governs hepatic glucose metabolism

Met is the transmembrane tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and is structurally related to the insulin receptor (INSR) tyrosine kinase. Here we report that the HGF-Met axis regulates metabolism by stimulating hepatic glucose uptake and suppressing hepatic glucose output. We show that Met is essential for an optimal hepatic insulin response by directly engaging INSR to form a Met-INSR hybrid complex, which culminates in a robust signal output. We also found that the HGF-Met system restores insulin responsiveness in a mouse model of insulin refractoriness. These results provide new insights into the molecular basis of hepatic insulin resistance and suggest that HGF may have therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes in the clinical setting.
Effects of coincidence window and measuring volume size on laser Doppler velocimetry measurement of turbulence

The effects of coincidence window and measuring volume size on two-component laser velocimeter measurement of turbulence in an isothermal liquid flow through a concentric annular channel were studied. Three different coincidence windows (100–500 μs) and three different measuring volume sizes (diameter, 5–9 wall units; spanwise length, 24–91 wall units) were used in a flow of Reynolds number 31,500 and data density spanning the high end of intermediate to the low end of high (3–6). While no significant effects of the coincidence window and measuring volume size were found on the time-mean velocity and turbulence intensities, the streamwise Reynolds shear stress measured near a wall was found to be markedly affected by both. The smallest feasible measuring volume along with an appropriate coincidence window provides good measurement of the shear stress.
Clarifying the conditions and limits of the contributions of ordinary and dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance

Strategy scholars have argued that capabilities can influence firm performance through a variety of means and mechanisms. However, the role of capabilities and their proposed contributions have been narrowly theorized and insufficiently tested. We contribute to resolving these issues by considering the conditions under which ordinary and dynamic capabilities contribute to higher relative firm performance. We do so by examining the positive and negative contributions of capabilities to relative firm performance as well as the effects of environmental dynamism and the degree of capability heterogeneity. We utilize measures of relative firm performance at both the process and firm level within a sample of Chilean firms, which due to a dynamic environment allows for a clearer link between the environment and the use of capabilities. We find that environmental dynamism negatively affects the contribution of ordinary capabilities and positively affects the contribution of dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance. Further, heterogeneity strengthens the contribution of dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance, but is less important for ordinary capabilities. Interestingly, we find support for the direct effects of capabilities to be stronger with a process-level performance measure, whereas the influences of environmental dynamism and heterogeneity are stronger with a firm-level measure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radial signatures and their application to target recognition

In pattern recognition, it is crucial to be able to represent objects with feature that contain as much of the information as possible in compact form. A typical 8-bit grayscale digitized image can be sorted using M by N values that represent the intensity levels of individual pixels where M and N are image dimensions. Pattern recognition algorithms use various methods for feature extraction, like chain codes, Fourier descriptors, and invariant moments. We will propose features that will characterize objects much more efficiently. Our feature scan be viewed as basis functions that lead to a set of images within an equivalence class. In order to illustrate the method with an application, these features are then used to train a set of learning RNNs which can be used to detect targets within clutter with high accuracy, and to classify the targets or man-made objects from natural clutter. Experimental data from SAR imagery is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Currently, we are investigating the applicability of this approach to a set of GPR mine data.
A high resolution spectrometer system with particle identification for 1 through 60 MeV hydrogen and helium particles

Abstract A coincidence semiconductor spectrometer system based on a Ge(Li) total absorption detector has been applied to the simultaneous spectroscopy of all charge 1 and 2 particles from targets bombarded with protons with energy up to 62 MeV. Output spectra cover the range from the full energy down to a 1 to 5 MeV threshold which depends on particle type. The method for choosing the thickness for the two ΔE detectors is discussed and unusual features of the system are described. Particles too slow to penetrate the first ΔE counter were sorted according to mass using flight-time vs E discrimination while the more energetic particles were separated using two sets of ΔE × E discrimination. Germanium detectors thick enough to stop 60 MeV protons were used with particles entering perpendicular or parallel to the field lines, and in either case the only significant inactive region in the path of the detected particles was the protective foil over the Ge(Li) detector. The typical pulse-height resolution of the system was about 200 keV for 60 MeV protons, although a germanium detector used alone gave 55 keV resolution at this energy. Analysis was performed after the experiments using magnetic tapes written by an on-line computer; corrections to the pulse-height spectra for reaction and collimator tails are discussed. The electronic logic system is described, including portions for event characterization, for use of an “active” detector collimator, and for pileup pulse rejection based on timing information.
Surveillance neuroimaging and neurologic examinations affect care for intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that surveillance neuroimaging and neurologic examinations identified changes requiring emergent surgical interventions in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Patients with primary ICH were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and July 2012. Patients were managed in a neuroscience intensive care unit with a protocol that included serial neuroimaging at 6, 24, and 48 hours, and hourly neurologic examinations using the Glasgow Coma Scale and NIH Stroke Scale. We evaluated all cases of craniotomy and ventriculostomy to determine whether the procedure was part of the initial management plan or occurred subsequently. For those that occurred subsequently, we determined whether worsening on neurologic examination or worsened neuroimaging findings initiated the process leading to intervention. Results: There were 88 surgical interventions in 84 (35%) of the 239 patients studied, including ventriculostomy in 52 (59%), craniotomy in 21 (24%), and both in 11 (13%). Of the 88 interventions, 24 (27%) occurred subsequently and distinctly from initial management, a median of 15.9 hours (8.9–27.0 hours) after symptom onset. Thirteen (54%) were instigated by findings on neurologic examination and 11 (46%) by neuroimaging. Demographics, severity of hemorrhage, and hemorrhage location were not associated with delayed intervention. Conclusions: More than 25% of surgical interventions performed after ICH were prompted by delayed imaging or clinical findings. Serial neurologic examinations and neuroimaging are important and effective surveillance techniques for monitoring patients with ICH.
A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Constraining Floor Plan Estimation from Radar Measurements

This paper proposes an approach to deducing the floor plan of a building using only a set of noisy room dimension measurements that have been obtained indirectly through radar probes. It is not assumed that the set of measurements is complete. The key feature of this approach is a method of relating, via a graph-theoretical construction, a given floor plan topology to a model that depends linearly on a minimal set of parameters. Given a list of floor-plan topologies and a system of realizability constraints, it is possible to formulate this problem as a constrained least-squares optimization problem. An algorithm for generating all floor plan topologies with a specified number of rooms is presented, as well as an algorithm for deciding if two floor plan representations are isomorphic. The techniques in this paper are intended to serve as an exploration into the theoretical performance bounds on the floor plan estimation problem.
Quality Changes in Australian Red Claw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, Stored at 0°C

Abstract Shell-on tails of 70 juvenile Australian red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, were separately packaged in seven sealed plastic freezer bags (10 in each) and stored on ice (0°C) for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. At the end of each storage period, raw muscle homogenate from five tails (pooled) were analyzed for lipid peroxidation, proteolysis (electrophoreis), and thermal stability (differential scanning calorime-try). The other five tails were individually cooked (2 minutes boiling) to determine cooking yield and toughness (Warner-Bratzler shear). Lipid oxidation occurred during storage (e.g., TBA values increased from 0.341 mg/kg on day 0 to 1.492 mg/kg on day 14, P< 0.05). Myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins were generally resistant to proteolysis, but were destabilized during storage. Transition temperatures for myosin head and actin decreased (P# 0.05) from 50.2°C and 72.6°C on day 0, to 39.4°C and 60.3°C by day 14, respectively; while enthalpy of denatur-ation for myosin head reduc...
The Effect of Dietary Intake on Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women

Objectives To describe the relation between dietary intake and menopausal hot flashes. Design Two studies are reported: a controlled, repeated‐measures study and a descriptive study. Setting The controlled study was conducted in a general clinical research center of a large Midwestern university. The descriptive study was conducted in a metropolitan community in the Southwest. Participants Ten healthy symptomatic postmenopausal women participated in the controlled study and 21 symptomatic women completed the observational study. Interventions The controlled study included a 30‐hour intensive blood sampling protocol of two sequential experimental phases with an observational phase between them. In the observational phase, each participant served protocol‐specific meals and snacks at predetermined times. Main outcome measure Skin conductance monitoring provided continual assessment while blood glucose levels were analyzed every 30 minutes in the controlled study. Results Eating provided a hot flash‐free period that averaged 90 minutes in both studies. Also, hot flash frequency increased as time between meals increased. Conclusions Our evidence indicates that hot flash frequency is suppressed after eating, while hot flashes are experienced when blood glucose falls between meals. Nursing interventions aimed at maintaining stability in blood glucose level may be effective in reducing menopausal hot flashes.
Age and Gender Differences in the Well-Being of Midlife and Aging Parents with Children with Mental Health or Developmental Problems: Report of a National Study

Using data from the Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), this article examines: (1) the effect of having children with developmental or mental health problems on parents' mental and physical health, (2) the extent to which this effect varies by parental age and gender and (3) the effects of disability-related factors on the well-being of parents of children with disabilities. Compared to parents of non-disabled children, parents of disabled children experienced significantly higher levels of negative affect, marginally poorer psychological well-being, and significantly more somatic symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic variables. Mothers did not differ from fathers in their well-being. Older parents were significantly less likely to experience the negative effect of having a disabled child than younger parents, suggesting an age-related attenuation of the stress of non-normative parenting.
Essential role of calcineurin in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Depletion of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of yeast cells resulted in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway involving Ire1p and Hac1p. The depleted ER also stimulated Ca 2+ influx at the plasma membrane through the Cch1p–Mid1p Ca 2+ channel and another system. Surprisingly, both Ca 2+ influx systems were stimulated upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER even in the presence of Ca 2+ . The ability of misfolded ER proteins to stimulate Ca 2+ influx at the plasma membrane did not require Ire1p or Hac1p, and Ca 2+ influx and signaling factors were not required for initial UPR signaling. However, activation of the Ca 2+ channel, calmodulin, calcineurin and other factors was necessary for long‐term survival of cells undergoing ER stress. A similar calcium cell survival (CCS) pathway operates in the pathogenic fungi and promotes resistance to azole antifungal drugs. These findings reveal an unanticipated new regulatory mechanism that couples ER stress to Ca 2+ influx and signaling pathways, which help to prevent cell death and promote resistance to an important class of fungistatic drugs.
“Social vs. Military Spending”: A Different Perspective

Abstract There are three problems with Ismael Hossein-zadeh's “Social vs. Military Spending” in the June 2009 Review of Social Economy in which he sets out to demonstrate the consequences of “escalating US military spending at the expense of non-military public spending.” First, there is abundant evidence indicating that non-military public spending has not been sacrificed to satisfy the demands of the military establishment. Second, the very same tax cuts for the rich that increased income equality are associated with huge increases in taxes collected from the rich. Third, Hurricane Katrina provides little support for his hypothesis that military spending led to infrastructure neglect.
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity of cytotoxic gamma delta T-cell origin.

We identified eight cases of T-cell lymphoma with evidence of a gamma delta phenotype over a 13-year period. Seven of these cases conformed to a distinct clinicopathologic entity of hepatosplenic gamma delta T- cell lymphoma. Nearly all of these patients were young adult males (five of seven), with a median age at presentation of 20 years. They presented with marked hepatosplenomegaly, without lymphadenopathy or significant peripheral blood lymphocytosis. Thrombocytopenia was seen in all patients, and five of seven were mildly anemic. The clinical course was aggressive, and despite multiagent chemotherapy, the median survival duration was less than 1 year. The morphologic findings were uniform; a monomorphic population of medium-sized lymphoid cells with moderately clumped chromatin and a rim of pale cytoplasm infiltrated the sinusoids of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The cells had a characteristic immunophenotype: CD2+, CD3+, CD4-, CD5-, CD7+, CD16+, CD57-, CD25-, T-cell receptor (TCR)delta +, beta F1-. CD8 was positive in four of seven cases tested, and CD56 was positive in five of six. All cases expressed the cytotoxic granule-associated protein, TIA1, but perforin was detected in only one case. All cases with assessable DNA had a TCR gamma gene rearrangement, and lacked Epstein-Barr virus sequences. Isochromosome 7q was identified in two cases with cytogenetic information. The one case of cutaneous gamma delta T-cell lymphoma differed in its clinical manifestations, histologic appearance, and immunophenotype. We conclude that hepatosplenic gamma delta T-cell lymphoma is a distinct clinicopathologic entity derived from cytotoxic gamma delta T cells, and should be distinguished from other lymphomas of T-cell and natural-killer cell (NK)-like T-cell derivation.
Epstein-Barr Virus Thymidine Kinase Is a Centrosomal Resident Precisely Localized to the Periphery of Centrioles

The thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) differs not only from that of the alphaherpesviruses but also from that of the gamma-2 herpesvirus subfamily. Because cellular location is frequently a determinant of regulatory function, to gain insight into additional role(s) of EBV TK and to uncover how the lymphocryptovirus and rhadinovirus enzymes differ, the subcellular localizations of EBV TK and the related cercopithecine herpesvirus-15 TK were investigated. We show that in contrast to those of the other family members, the gamma-1 herpesvirus TKs localize to the centrosome and even more precisely to the periphery of the centriole, tightly encircling the tubulin-rich centrioles in a microtubule-independent fashion. Centrosomal localization is observed in diverse cell types and occurs whether the protein is expressed independently or in the context of lytic EBV infection. Surprisingly, analysis of mutants revealed that the unique N-terminal domain was not critical for targeting to the centrosome, but rather, peptide sequences located C terminal to this domain were key. This is the first herpesvirus protein documented to reside in the centrosome, or microtubule-organizing center, an amembranous organelle that regulates the structural biology of the cell cycle through control of chromosome separation and cytokinesis. More recently, proteasome-mediated degradation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, production and loading of antigenic peptides onto HLA molecules, and transient homing of diverse virion proteins required for entry and/or egress have been shown to be coordinated at the centrosome. Potential implications of centrosomal localization for EBV TK function are discussed.
Phenomenology of the left-right twin Higgs model

The twin Higgs mechanism was proposed recently to solve the little hierarchy problem. We study the implementation of the twin Higgs mechanism in left-right models. At the TeV scale, heavy quark and gauge bosons appear, with rich collider phenomenology. In addition, there are extra Higgs bosons, some of which couple to both the standard model fermion sector and the gauge sector, while others couple to the gauge bosons only. We present the particle spectrum and study the general features of the collider phenomenology of this class of model at the Large Hadron Collider.
ANTIBODY PRODUCTION AFTER PARTIAL ADRENALECTOMY IN GUINEA PIGS

By careful aseptic operation it was found possible to remove approximately three-quarters to seven-eighths of the adrenal tissue of guinea pigs without causing symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. Guinea pigs were immunized to Bacillus typhosus or to hen corpuscles at varying intervals before or after the operation, and the curves of antibody formation traced for 2 to 3 months after immunization. Comparisons with the antibody curves of control animals similarly immunized fail to show that the adrenalectomy had any influence upon the rise or persistence of antibodies in the blood. For the purposes of the study it was not deemed necessary to produce an acute adrenal insufficiency. If the adrenal glands were the site of antibody formation or played an essential part in immunity processes, it does not seem probable that the small remainder of adrenal tissue left in situ to sustain life would affect quantitatively the antibody response to a given antigen injection as do the entire normal glands. We therefore interpret the experiments to indicate that not only are the adrenal glands not one of the important sources of typhoid agglutinins, or of hemagglutinins or hemolysins, but they play no essential part in the mechanism by which these antibodies are produced and maintained in the body.
Safety and efficacy of epicardial cryoablation in a canine model

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryoablation in a closed chest canine epicardial ablation model. Background Limitations of radiofrequency energy in the epicardial space warrants investigation of alternative energy sources. Methods A linear-tip catheter with a 3-cm freezing element and a 6-mm-tip catheter were used to create epicardial atrial and ventricular cryolesions. Epicardial coronary arteries were targeted to evaluate the effects of cryoablation on epicardial vessels. Cryoablation was performed at −90°C for 4 minutes per lesion. Pathologic examination of the hearts was performed. Lesions were stained with tetrazolium chloride, analyzed grossly, and examined histologically. Results Ten of 11 linear catheter atrial lesions were transmural (average depth 1.5 ± 1.3 mm). Only three of 13 6-mm-tip atrial lesions were transmural (average depth 1.1 ± 1.2 mm). Ventricular lesions were continuous and not transmural (average depth of lesion for the linear and 6-mm-tip catheters: 2.7 ± 1.3 mm and 1.6 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). Angiographic stenosis (20–100%) during freezing was detected in 9 of 28 lesions, with TIMI III flow present in all vessels 5 minutes following thaw. Neointimal proliferation was present in 13 vessels, with no evidence of damage in vessels with internal diameters greater than 0.7 mm. Occlusive injury was identified in one small branch vessel. Conclusions Creation of transmural lesions was possible in the atria but not in the ventricles. Cryothermal ablation can cause neointimal proliferation, with the probability that damage will be directly proportional to lesion depth and inversely proportional to vessel diameter.
Evidence for recurrent Early Triassic massive volcanism from quantitative interpretation of carbon isotope fluctuations

Abstract Carbon cycle disturbance associated with mass extinction at the end of the Permian Period continued through the Early Triassic, an interval of approximately 5 million years. Coincidence of carbon cycle stabilization with accelerated Middle Triassic biotic recovery suggests a link between carbon cycling and biodiversity, but the cause of Early Triassic carbon isotope excursions remains poorly understood. Previous modeling studies have focused exclusively on the initial negative excursion in δ13C across the Permian–Triassic boundary and have not addressed the cycles of positive and negative excursions observed through the Early Triassic. This study uses a simple carbon cycle box model to investigate potential causes underlying the series of Early Triassic carbon isotope excursions and to assess possible relationships between isotope excursions and coeval patterns of carbonate deposition. According to the model, introduction of carbon with the isotope composition of volcanic CO2 produces small negative carbon isotope excursions followed by larger and more protracted positive excursions. Positive excursions result because increased pCO2 causes warming, enhancing marine anoxia and associated regeneration of phosphate and thus allowing greater productivity. In addition, carbonate weathering is more sensitive than organic carbon weathering to changes in atmospheric pCO2 and climate, causing an increase in the overall δ13C composition of weathered carbon. Therefore, the full Early Triassic record of negative and positive carbon isotope excursions can only be accounted for within the model by several pulses of carbon release characterized by varying mixtures of organic and mantle isotope compositions. Thermal metamorphism of coal and carbonate rocks in the crust of the Siberian craton during eruption of the Siberian Traps flood basalts provides the most plausible mechanism for such a carbon release scenario. If multiple episodes of CO2 release account for Early Triassic carbon cycle instability (regardless of their precise trigger), then cessation of CO2 release is likely to explain acceleration of biotic recovery early in the Middle Triassic.
Exercises in clinical reasoning: a confusing interaction.

A44-year-oldwoman with a history of cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, seizure disorder, and hypothyroidism was brought to the emergency department from her group home for increasing lethargy over the past day. At baseline she was bedbound, nonverbal, and did not follow commands. Her aide reported difficulty feeding her that morning. The patient’s family had recently noted abnormal twitching movements and occasional lateral neck movements to the right during eating, which were unlike her usual seizures. Review of systems was otherwise negative. In the emergency department, she was hypothermic (T 95.3°F) and hypotensive (BP 73/54 mmHg) with a heart rate of 80 beats/min.
Dynamics of Interface Growth: Numerical Solution of a Continuum Equation

Recently there has been considerable interest in the study of rough surfaces and stochastically growing interfaces in the context of a variety of models of surface growth (for recent reviews see Refs. 1 and 2). The dynamics of the interface in these models3–9 is also believed, through their connection with the stochastic form of Burger’s equation,10 to be intimately related to a variety of other problems, including directed polymers in random media,11,12 the long-time behavior of randomly stirred fluids,13 and the evolution of Sivashinski flame fronts.
Numerical Investigation of Effect of Membrane Thickness on the Performance of Cellular Shear Band Based Non-Pneumatic Tire

Several treaded cellular shear bands have been investigated and it is found that the shear band with cellular geometry of (θ = −65°, h = 21) is the most promising to give us best contact pressure profile. To further optimize the design of the pneumatic tire made with this cellular geometry for NASA’s new moon mission, the Finite Element Method is used to investigate the effect of the thickness of membranes on the performance of the cellular shear band based non-pneumatic tire. In this research, we use the Lebanon sand found in New Hampshire and employ the Drucker-Prager/Cap plasticity constitutive law with hardening to model the sand. Penalty contact algorithm is used to model the tangential behavior of the contact between the tread and sand and Coulomb’s law is considered for the friction between tire and sand. The tires and tread are treated as deformable elastic bodies. Numerical results show the deformation of sand and tire, the stress (strain) distribution in sand, tire, and along the interface between them for different thickness of the membranes and hub. The effect of membrane thickness on the contact pressure between tire and sand is explored and it reveals that the tire with thickness t = 0.2mm for inner and outer membranes is not acceptable in terms of the elastic deformation of tire and contact pressure profile and the tire with thickness t = 1.0mm gives us best contact pressure profile.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Energy characteristics calculation of insensitive and minimum smoke GAP solid propellant

The energy characteristics of monopropellants and insensitive minimum smoke GAP propellants containing seven kinds of insensitive oxidizers and three insensitive energetic plasticizers,such as N-guanylureadinitramide(FOX-12),1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7),3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-ketone(NTO),triaminotrinitrobenzene(TATB),3,4-dinitrofurazanfuroxan(DNTF),cyclotr imethylene trinitramine(RDX),ammonium dinitramide(ADN),1,2,4-butantriol trinitrate(BTTN),triethylene glycol dinitrate(TEGDN),trimethylolethane trinitrate(TMETN) and N-butyl-2-nitrate ethyl nitramine(Bu-NENA) were calculated by propellant energy calculation program.The calculation results show that the standard theoretical specific impulse(Isp) of monopropellant containing DNTF and RDX are 2 696.4 N·s/kg and 2 610.2 N·s/kg respectively,which are superior to that of the other oxidizers above.After the GAP binder/DNTF/RDX/ADN/Al propellant formulation is determined,the Isp,characteristic velocity(C*) and density(ρ) gradually increase with the increasing content of DNTF.Therefore,introducing DNTF into propellant helps to improve the energy characteristics of the insensitive and minimum smoke GAP propellant.
Alternatives to the Movie Sandwich Habit: Practical Approaches to Using Movies to Teach Leadership and Power

Instructors often leverage movies in their classroom to illustrate management concepts. Sometimes, instructors fall into the “movie sandwich” habit, which may not allow for a comprehensive mastery ...
Grammatical Complexity in Academic English: Linguistic Change in Writing

1. Academic writing: challenging the stereotypes 2. Using corpora to analyze grammatical change 3. Phrasal versus clausal discourse styles: a synchronic grammatical description of academic writing contrasted with other registers 4. The historical evolution of phrasal discourse styles in academic writing 5. The functional extension of phrasal grammatical features in academic writing 6. The loss of explicitness in academic research writing 7. Conclusion.
Rhodium(III) Azuliporphyrins

The organometallic chemistry of azuliporphyrins has been extended to the first syntheses of rhodium(III) derivatives. Reaction of [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 with an azuliporphyrin in refluxing xylenes gave rhodium(III) azuliporphyrins in 62–67% yield. These derivatives incorporate solvent molecules as axial ligands and thereby introduce two carbon–rhodium bonds in a three-component reaction. The methylbenzyl ligands that are derived from xylenes overlie the π system of the porphyrinoid macrocycle, and proton NMR spectra show that these units are strongly shielded. The o-, m-, and p-xylene-derived complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, and this confirmed the presence of the central rhodium atom and the axial benzylic ligands. Additionally, when the azuliporphyrin was reacted with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 in refluxing acetonitrile and then treated with acetone and basic alumina, a rhodium(III) azuliporphyrin with an acetone-derived axial ligand was generated. These results demonstrate that azuliporphyrins are superio...
American research in the geochemical modeling of groundwater

The advent of digital computers has allowed the development of sophisticated geochemical models for describing and predicting the chemical behavior of complex natural waters. More than 50 such models have been developed and published in the North American literature. Much of the impetus for the development of geochemical computer models comes from the need to protect the chemical quality of groundwater, and from a search for safe methods of geologic disposal of nuclear wastes. The geochemical computer codes can be broken down into three main categories, in order of increasing complexity: (1) equilibrium codes, (2) mass-transfer codes, and (3) mass-transport codes. Much research still remains to be done in this area. Additional effort must be devoted to the complication and critical evaluation of the thermodynamic data which form the basis of all geochemical models, as well as to the determination of the kinetics of heterogeneous and homogeneous relations. A critical need exists for the investigation of the behavior of natural and synthetic organics in aqueous systems. Fundamental research must also continue on improving the mathematical and computational aspects of the increasingly complex models.
Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Steroid Injection for Treating Chronic Abdominal Pain

Background Historically, transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been performed to treat acute abdominal pain that accompanies a variety of surgical procedures. This study represents an innovative approach in which the TAP block was performed on patients experiencing chronic abdominal pain who had failed other forms of pain management. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the TAP block procedure in patients experiencing chronic abdominal pain. Methods In this retrospective chart review and data analysis, we reviewed the charts of 30 chronic abdominal pain patients previously treated with 45 TAP blocks after other forms of pain management had failed. We examined demographic data, surgical history, medication use, improvement following each block, and the side on which the procedure was performed. In unilateral blocks, 8 mL bupivacaine 0.25% mixed with 40 mg triamcinolone was injected. In bilateral blocks, 9 mL bupivacaine 0.25% and 40 mg triamcinolone were injected on each side. Analgesic efficacy was assessed via improvement in pain levels before and after the procedure was performed. Results Transversus abdominis plane block improved pain in 79.5% of the performed blocks. The percentage improvement was 54.7% ± 36.4% for an average of 84 ± 108 (0 to 490) days for the 44 procedures with complete data. There was significant reduction in the use of gabapentin before and after the procedure (P < 0.05). Conclusion Transversus abdominis plane steroid injection can be a helpful in treating somatosensory chronic abdominal pain resistant to other therapeutic modalities.
Periarticular Injections in Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: Where and What to Inject.

Abstract Background Periarticular injections have become a valuable adjunct to multimodal pain control regimens after knee and hip arthroplasties. Injection techniques vary greatly among surgeons with little standardization of practice. Methods We performed an extensive literature search to determine where nociceptive pain fibers are located in the hip and the knee and also to explore the pharmacology of periarticular cocktail ingredients. Results Large concentrations of nociceptors are present throughout the various tissues of the knee joint with elevated concentrations in the infrapatellar fat pad, fibrous capsule, ligament insertions, periosteum, subchondral bone, and lateral retinaculum. Less empiric evidence is available on nociceptor locations in the hip joint, but they are known to be located diffusely throughout the hip capsule with elevated concentrations at the labral base and central ligamentum teres. Local anesthetics are the base ingredient in most injection cocktails and function by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. Liposomal anesthetics may offer longer duration of action over traditional anesthetics. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids block peripheral production of inflammatory mediators and may desensitize nociceptors. Opioid receptors are present in lower densities peripherally as compared with the central nervous system, but their inclusion in injections can lead to pain relief. Sympathetic drugs can provide adjunct effects to periarticular cocktails to increase duration of action and effectiveness of medications. Conclusion Targeting specific sites of nociceptors may help to further decrease pain after knee and hip arthroplasties. Altering periarticular cocktail ingredients may aid in multimodal pain control with injections.