cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Availability and Usefulness of Assessment Information for Emotionally Disturbed/ Behaviorally Disordered Students: A Replication:

The replication of a 1980 study of special education teachers' reports of availability and their judgments of usefulness of several types of assessment information is presented. Data from this study are reported and compared with those from the earlier study. Patterns of the relative availability and of the ratings of usefulness of most types of information were similar in the two studies. In both, several "more useful" types of information were less available than some "less useful" information. However, progress appears to have occurred, with most types of assessment information as available as or more available than in 1980. Notable increases in availability were found for some types of assessment information, such as formal behavior observation data, that teachers consider educationally relevant. Interpretations and implications of these trends are discussed in the context of those who are responsible for assessment of emotionally disturbed/behaviorally disordered students.
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Actinomyces pyogenes associated facial and mandibular abscesses in blue duiker.

Anaerobic and aerobic cultures of facial and mandibular abscesses were made from 12 blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola fusicolor) housed at the Deer and Duiker Research Facility of the Pennsylvania State University (USA). Increases in concentrations of total protein and serum globulin occurred in all cases. Actinomyces pyogenes was isolated from nine animals. Fusobacterium necrophorum was present in eight and Bacteroides sp. was found in seven animals; other genera of isolated bacteria included: Streptococcus (from two animals), Lactobacillus (one), Staphylococcus (one) and Actinomyces (two). Eight (67%) of affected animals were ≤2 yr of age. Facial soft tissues and mandibles were the tissues most often affected. Tissues within the oral cavity were not affected at the time of presentation. A common finding, not reported in other host species with necrobacillosis, was the presence of nondestructive mandibular proliferation.
Numerical Simulation of the Meniscus in Non-Isothermal Free Surface Flow at the Exit of a Coating Die

The non-isothermal free surface flow at the exit of an optical fiber coating die is considered in this study, and the meniscus generated due to the moving surface is investigated numerically. The axial velocity and the viscosity are both lumped radially for simplification, and the force balance equation at each cross sectional area is used to correct the intermediate profiles. The fiber speed, a change in the die exit diameter, and thermal operating conditions are found to characterize the meniscus. The effect of a change in the inlet pressure on the meniscus becomes negligible as the speed increases.
Antagonistic Determinants Controlling Replicative and Latent States of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection

The mechanisms by which viruses persist and particularly those by which viruses actively contribute to their own latency have been elusive. Here we report the existence of opposing functions encoded by genes within a polycistronic locus of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome that regulate cell type-dependent viral fates: replication and latency. The locus, referred to as the UL133-UL138 (UL133/8) locus, encodes four proteins, pUL133, pUL135, pUL136, and pUL138. As part of the ULb′ region of the genome, the UL133/8 locus is lost upon serial passage of clinical strains of HCMV in cultured fibroblasts and is therefore considered dispensable for replication in this context. Strikingly, we could not reconstitute infection in permissive fibroblasts from bacterial artificial chromosome clones of the HCMV genome where UL135 alone was disrupted. The loss of UL135 resulted in complex phenotypes and could ultimately be overcome by infection at high multiplicities. The requirement for UL135 but not the entire locus led us to hypothesize that another gene in this locus suppressed virus replication in the absence of UL135. The defect associated with the loss of UL135 was largely rescued by the additional disruption of the UL138 latency determinant, indicating a requirement for UL135 for virus replication when UL138 is expressed. In the CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor model of latency, viruses lacking only UL135 were defective for viral genome amplification and reactivation. Taken together, these data indicate that UL135 and UL138 comprise a molecular switch whereby UL135 is required to overcome UL138-mediated suppression of virus replication to balance states of latency and reactivation. IMPORTANCE Mechanisms by which viruses persist in their host remain one of the most poorly understood phenomena in virology. Herpesviruses, including HCMV, persist in an incurable, latent state that has profound implications for immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. Further, the latent coexistence of HCMV may increase the risk of age-related pathologies, including vascular disease. The key to controlling or eradicating HCMV lies in understanding the molecular basis for latency. In this work, we describe the complex interplay between two viral proteins, pUL135 and pUL138, which antagonize one another in infection to promote viral replication or latency, respectively. We previously described the role of pUL138 in suppressing virus replication for latency. Here we demonstrate a role of pUL135 in overcoming pUL138-mediated suppression for viral reactivation. From this work, we propose that pUL135 and pUL138 constitute a molecular switch balancing states of latency and reactivation.
Inter-organization networks, computer integration, and shifts in interdependence: the case of the semiconductor industry

Inter-orgamzation computer networks (IONS) provide significant opportunities for Improving coordination between firms engaged in mutually dependent activities. A field study of the use and impact of IONS in the semiconductor industry 1s presented m this paper Eighty-two interviews were conducted m twelve firms (seven semiconductor producers and five merchant mask shops) providing data on current as well as anticipated ION use. We found that greater efficiencies are possible when IONS are used as substitutes for conventional media. But more effective ION use is achievable when internal computer integration within participating firms is implemented. The implication of this otherwise straightforward observation is that firms using computer networks only as a substitute for conventional methods of exchange will not achieve the degree of inter-organization coordination IONS can support However, while IONS improve coordination and reduce some production and transaction costs, they simultaneously increase certain costs associated with estabhshing and maintaining contracts with customers. These costs are new dependencies. Dependencies emerge from using IONS to access computer resources, and information generated by those resources, located in other firms. In this way IONS increase interorganization coordination and vulnerabiht y simultaneously, The long term lrnphcatlon of ION adoption is that their use shifts the nature of interdependence between participating firms
Cycle-domain simulator for phase-locked loops

As computers become faster and more complex, clock synthesis becomes critical. Due to the relatively slower bus clocks compared to the processor, it is necessary to use phase-locked loops (PLL) for multiplication and phase aligning of the clocks. A PLL is composed of both digital and analog components and is not modeled well in a design environment for digital systems. There are design tools available that are more adept for doing PLL simulations; however, they can be very costly and are still not suitable for the way PLL's are used in computer systems. The goal of this paper is to introduce a new simulator that is specifically designed for simulating PLL's used in computer systems.
Identity of a sugar cane pest, Scolecocampa mochisa (Schaus), in Mexico, and a new generic synonym (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

A sugar cane pest in Mexico, Scolecocampa mochisa (Schaus) (new combination), was originally described in the monotypic genus Saccharophagos Schaus (1923), which is considered a new synonym of Scolecocampa Guenee (1852). The adult and larva are illustrated. The genitalia, egg, and pupa are described and illustrated. The closely related species, Scolecocampa stygialis (Smith), is a new combination.
Addressing the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test of "General" Intelligence

TheRaven'sProgressiveMatrices� (RPM)� testisa� commonlyusedtestofgeneralhumanintelligence.�� The� RPMissomewhatuniqueasageneralintelligencete stin� thatitfocusesonvisualproblemsolving,�andinp articular,� onvisualsimilarityandanalogy.��Wearedevelopin gasmall� setofmethodsforproblemsolvingintheRPMwhich �use� propositional,� imagistic,� andmultimodalrepresenta tions,� respectively,� toinvestigatehowdifferentrepresen tations� cancontributetovisualproblemsolvingandhowth eeffects� oftheirusemightemergeinbehavior.�
Electron-phonon coupling and thermal transport in the thermoelectric compound Mo3Sb7–xTex

Phonon properties of Mo3Sb7–xTex (x = 0, 1.5, 1.7), a potential high-temperature thermoelectric material, have been studied with inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering, and with first-principles simulations. The substitution of Te for Sb leads to pronounced changes in the electronic struc- ture, local bonding, phonon density of states (DOS), dispersions, and phonon lifetimes. Alloying with tellurium shifts the Fermi level upward, near the top of the valence band, resulting in a strong suppression of electron-phonon screening, and a large overall stiffening of interatomic force- constants. The suppression in electron-phonon coupling concomitantly increases group velocities and suppresses phonon scattering rates, surpassing the effects of alloy-disorder scattering, and re- sulting in a surprising increased lattice thermal conductivity in the alloy. We also identify that the local bonding environment changes non-uniformly around different atoms, leading to variable perturbation strengths for different optical phonon branches. The respective roles of changes in phonon group velocities and phonon lifetimes on the lattice thermal conductivity are quantified. Lastly, our results highlight the importance of the electron-phonon coupling on phonon mean-free-paths in this compound, and also estimates the contributions from boundary scattering, umklapp scattering, and point-defect scattering.
U.S. CEO Employment Agreements and Non-Competition Provisions: A Literature Survey

U.S. Chief Executive Officers (“CEOs”) remain one of the most studied groups in the law and management literature. However, the terms of the firm-CEO employment agreements are important evidence of executive’s role that often overlooked and, thus, not fully understood. This book chapter consolidates the current research on CEO employment contracts and further examines the underlying research on a specific area of these agreements, the non-compete clause. It summarizes the main findings in the existing academic literature from law, economics and finance on American CEOs’ employment contracts and non-competition agreements. We survey these different literatures to see what is known and to identify future areas for research.This chapter has been prepared for the book, Executive Directors’ Remuneration in Comparative Corporate Perspective, edited by Christoph Van der Elst, Volume 11 in the European Company Law Book Series (Wolters Kluwer Publishers 2015).
Conformal relativity, a theory of mass. I: Survey of Theoretical Results

In a series of papers it will be explained how a kinematic theory of mass follows from adopting the conformal groupC as basic space-time symmetry group. As an aspect of the group, kinematic masses are bare masses; physical masses are to be calculated from these and interactions. The particle solutions are of two kinds: massless, or massive families consisting of theC plus an infinite set of discrete excited mass states. An unexpected consequence of conformal symmetry is the extrapolation of the space-time origin of (some at least) internal symmetries. In particular,C provide isospin labels and the free Lagrangians, pure conformal group constructs, possess isospinSU2 invariance as an accidental («dynamical») symmetry. New possibilities for gauge theories of interactions are also implied. The new way of handling mass allows gauge bosons of nonzero bare mass (as well as massless ones) without violating gauge invariance. Thus Higgs fields and vacuum broken symmetries are no longer necessary in gauge theory.
Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors: Chondrosarcoma and other cartilaginous neoplasms

The present Update deals with benign and malignant cartilaginous neoplasms; only those will be discussed for which cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or molecular data are available. In evaluating genetic (including cytogenetic) results obtained in chondrosarcoma (CS; singular or plural), it is essential that the location of the tumor (skeletal or extraskeletal), its histology (e.g., mesenchymal, clear cell, spindle cell, or myxoid types), and its origin (primary or secondary, peripheral or central) be given. A meaningful and reliable interpretation of results can be established only when such information is available. For example, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is characterized by a specific chromosomal translocation or variant thereof, in contrast to conventional CS, which exhibit numerous chromosomal and gene alterations. Hence, the interpretation of genetic results is most informative when the tumor characteristics are known.
A mouse femoral defect model demonstrates the clinically relevant side effects of BMP-2

AIM: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is an FDA approved, osteoinductive growth factor for bone regeneration. However, increasing awareness of the side effects of BMP-2, including inflammation, bone resorption and fat formation, require the development of animal surgical models that replicate these adverse events. MATERIAL & METHODS: We devised a mouse femoral uni-cortical defect (UCD) model to study the clinical side effects of BMP-2. UCDs (3×1×1 mm) were drilled in one femur of mice and filled with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolding coated with PBS or rhBMP-2 (0.3mg/ml or 0.6mg/ml). Post mortem analyses were performed at four weeks post-surgery. RESULTS: 100% successful surgery was achieved in mouse femoral UCD without surgical complication. Micro-CT analyses of the high dose rhBMP-2 group revealed bone cyst formation with ~2.5 fold increase in bone volume and more than 50% decrease in bone mineral density and trabecular number compared to PBS control. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining revealed a significant increase in osteoclast number, while immunostaining for fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) confirmed significant increases in adipocyte formation with rhBMP-2 in a dose dependent manner. Lastly, rhBMP-2 treatment caused significant increases in inflammation, as determined by immunostaining for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and interleukin 6 (IL6). CONCLUSION: Here, we established a mouse UCD model that faithfully replicates the clinically reported side effects of rhBMP-2. This model may facilitate future studies to improve upon current efforts in rhBMP-2 based bone repair.
Longitudinal Study of Changes in Daily Activity Rhythms over the Lifespan in Individual Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice:

Mice are used widely for research on circadian, molecular and other processes; however, little is known of circadian age- and, particularly, sex-related changes that occur over the entire lifespan of this species. To shed light on this question, the authors used a longitudinal design for the first continuous actogram measurements of general circadian locomotor activity rhythms unperturbed by photocycle or other experimental manipulations over the lifespan in male and female C57BL/6J mice. These weaning-to-death actograms are the most inclusive undertaken to date. Comparisons of circadian parameters (phase angle of entrainment, length of daily activity, bout length/intensity) were made among 4 life stages (adolescence, adult, middle age, and senescence). The present data reveal the progressive and sex-related changes in general locomotor activity pattern that occur throughout the lifespan. From the overall perspective of this study, there appears to be a need for wider age and sex representation in circadian research.
On the Motion of Glaciers

Glaciers of the Alps—Researches on their growth and motion—Prof. Agassiz’s views—Their comparative winter and summer motion—Hydrostatic pressure and infiltration of water not sufficient to account for the accelerated motion of the glacier during summer—The motion also increased during the coldest weather of winter—The mere dead weight of the mass not sufficient to account for its motion—The theory of heat and cold proposed to explain the motion—How bodies are effected by changes of temperature—Experiments on ice—The winter motion of the glacier, due to contraction of the mass through the influences of cold; and the summer motion to expansion of the mass through the agency of heat—The running waters on the surface of the glacier, communicates heat by their falling force D— Dead weight of a mass resting upon an inclined plane, considered—No inclined bed for the ancient great glacier of North America—Its progress slow—Its thickness in New England - The sun puts the sublime structure in motion.
Extending Pulse Shaping Capabilities from UV to mid-IR

Optical parametric amplification of shaped signal pulses produces shaped idler pulses with expanded wavelength flexibility. Mid-infrared and ultraviolet shaping will be presented along with molecular applications.
Development of post S and post non S DRL performance and its retention following septal lesions in rats

Post SR and post non-SR responding of rats during the acquisition of a DRL 20-sec schedule was studied. The results support the hypothesis that superior performance following SR is due to the greater cue value of SR. Four Ss were then given bilateral septal lesions and retested. The lesion-induced decrement was greater on the post non-SR distribution, suggesting that septal lesions disrupt the mediating behavioral sequence which fills the temporal interval between responses.
Potato Tuherworm Damage to Potatoes Under Different Irrigation and Cultural Practices

Potatoes grown under furrow irrigation sustained over 58 times greater infestation by Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and 3 times more green tubers than potatoes grown under sprinkler irrigation even though foliage tuberworm populations, soil type, and soil moisture levels were similar. Water usage on a per ha basis was more efficient under sprinkler irrigation. Under furrow irrigation, hilling the rows 4 times significantly reduced the percentages of greenheads, infested whites, and total infestation over those rows hilled twice. The method of vine removal affected the level of tuber infestation in rows hilled twice but not in rows hilled 4 times. Under frequent sprinkler irrigation potato tuberworm damage was low and not significantly affected by cultural practices. Soil cracking was more extensive under furrow than under sprinkler irrigation, and infestation was significantly correlated with the depth of soil cracks regardless of hilling practices.
T cell cytokine signatures: Biomarkers in pediatric multiple sclerosis

Although multiple sclerosis is predominantly regarded as a disease of young adulthood, up to 5% of MS patients are diagnosed prior to age eighteen. The predominant form of MS is relapsing-remitting characterized by exacerbations of symptoms followed by periods of remission. The majority of disease modifying drugs target T cell proliferation or block migration into the central nervous system. Although these treatments reduce relapses, disease progression still occurs, warranting therapeutic strategies that protect the CNS. Biomarkers to indicate relapses would facilitate a personalized approach for add-on therapies that protect the CNS. A multiplex cytokine bead array was performed to detect T cell associated cytokines in sera from patients 6-20years of age with pediatric onset MS clinically diagnosed in relapse or remission compared to healthy control patients. Of the 25 cytokines evaluated, 17 were increased in patients clinically diagnosed in relapse compared to sera from control patients in contrast to only 9 cytokines in the clinically diagnosed remission group. Furthermore, a linear regression analysis of cytokine levels in the remission population showed 12 cytokines to be statistically elevated as a function of disease duration, with no effect observed in the relapse population. To further explore this concept, we used a multivariable stepwise discriminate analysis and found that the following four cytokines (IL-10, IL-21, IL-23, and IL-27) are not only a significant predictor for MS, but have important predictive value in determining a relapse. Since IL-10 and IL-27 are considered anti-inflammatory and IL-21 and IL-23 are pro-inflammatory, ratios of these cytokines were evaluated using a Duncan's multiple range test. Of the six possible combinations, increased ratios of IL-10:IL-21, IL-10:IL-23, and IL-10:IL-27 were significant suggesting levels of IL-10 to be a driving force in predicting a relapse.
Predictors and Moderators of Educational Interventions to Increase the Likelihood of Potential Living Donors for Black Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplantation

Our aim was to identify predictors and moderators of the effects of a house calls (HC) educational intervention, relative to a group-based (GB) intervention and to individual counseling (IC), in a randomized controlled trial to increase the likelihood of having living donor (LD) evaluations initiated and live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). Black adults wait listed for kidney transplantation (N = 152) were randomized into one of the three educational conditions. We examined demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and socio-contextual baseline characteristics as predictors and moderators of having a potential LD initiate evaluation. HC assignment (OR = 2.024.7311.05, P = 0.001), younger age (OR = 0.910.940.98, P = 0.001), more willingness to discuss donation with others (OR = 1.081.371.75, P = 0.01), and larger social network (OR = 1.011.091.18, P = 0.04) were significant multivariable predictors of having ≥1 LD initiate evaluation. Age (P = 0.03) and social network size (P = 0.02) moderated the effect of HC relative to IC and GB, but not GB relative to IC, on LD evaluation initiation. Our findings suggest that HC is most effective for patients <60 years old and those with average or large social network size.
An episodic based approach to complex event processing

We present our work on building a generic episodic memory module. Such a memory module is intended to provide episodic memory functionality like storage and retrieval for different applications and tasks. We developed a generic representation, storage and retrieval mechanisms for such episodes. An episode consists of a sequence of events, along with the context in which they occurred and their outcome. We then discuss how such a memory module can be used for complex event processing tasks like: recognition, prediction, pattern mining for events, etc.
Leading to Stimulate Employees' Ideas: A Quantitative Review of Leader–Member Exchange, Employee Voice, Creativity, and Innovative Behavior

Through social exchange, leaders can offer relational support or resources to facilitate employees' proactive attempts to bring positive change (voice) or novel ideas (creativity) and behaviors (innovative behavior) to their work. We consider these three outcomes under the same nomological network as they all represent employees' idea contribution to the organisation. The present paper thus meta-analytically reviews the findings of research relating leader–member exchange (LMX) to voice (37 samples), creativity (53 samples), and innovative behavior (29 samples). Results show that LMX positively predicts voice, creativity, and innovative behavior. Moreover, LMX is more strongly related with creativity than with voice or innovative behavior, a significant difference maintained even after controlling for study characteristics that may act as confounding variables. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are also discussed.
The Formation of Judicial Federalism in the United States

The central feature of American judicial federalism is the Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction over state courts. Conventionally, we tend to view controversy over judicial federalism through the lens of the Jeffersonian and Jacksonian eras, in which this appellate oversight functioned to consolidate the power of national institutions against the periphery and defenders of states’ rights promoted the independence of state courts from federal oversight. But the deliberative process that attended the formation of the federal judiciary exhibited a more complex dynamic that presented the framers of the Constitution and of the first judiciary act with a range of possible institutional arrangements. Given the available alternatives, the Supreme Court’s appellate oversight was not so much an aggression on states’ rights as a concession to those wary of consolidation. Rather than being contested, it in fact formed a ground of consensus as a modest means of ensuring federal supremacy.
A time multiplexed network architecture for large-scale neuromorphic computing

Emerging trend in neuromorphic implementation moves towards large-scale neuron array that processes large amount of input data. It presents a grand challenge in communication between neurons due to large number of connections, or synapses, which can be in the order of millions, leading to large power consumption, processing time and many physical wires. In this work, we propose a communication protocol based on a time-division multiplexing method using just a single wire to minimize the cost of interconnect and processing time. Both analytical and numerical results show that, compared to the commonly used address even representation approach, the proposed technique leads to 40% lower energy consumption in interconnect, for a network of 1,024 neurons with a toggling factor of ∼ 40%. The energy saving will further increase for even larger neural network and/or higher toggling factor. In an image classification experiment using MNIST dataset, the average processing time is reduced more than four times via the proposed scheme given a network size of 1024 neurons.
Prostate Cancer Health Disparities: An Immuno-biological Perspective

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in males, and, in the United States, is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men older than 40 years. There is a higher incidence of PCa for African Americans (AAs) than for European-Americans (EAs). Investigations related to the incidence of PCa-related health disparities for AAs suggest that there are differences in the genetic makeup of these populations. Other differences are environmentally induced (e.g., diet and lifestyle), and the exposures are different. Men who immigrate from Eastern to Western countries have a higher risk of PCa than men in their native countries. However, the number of immigrants developing PCa is still lower than that of men in Western countries, suggesting that genetic factors are involved in the development of PCa. Altered genetic polymorphisms are associated with PCa progression. Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) are involved in the development and progression of PCa. For populations with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds, differences in lifestyle, diet, and biology, including genetic mutations/polymorphisms and levels of androgens and AR, are risk factors for PCa. Here, we provide an immuno-biological perspective on PCa in relation to racial/ethnic disparities and identify factors associated with the disproportionate incidence of PCa and its clinical outcomes.
Switch of Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase into a Prooxidant Peroxidase in Manganese-Deficient Cells and Mice.

Summary Superoxide radical anion (O 2 ⋅‒ ) and other reactive oxygen species are constantly produced during respiration. In mitochondria, the dismutation of O 2 ⋅‒ is accelerated by the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), an enzyme that has been traditionally associated with antioxidant protection. However, increases in SOD2 expression promote oxidative stress, indicating that there may be a prooxidant role for SOD2. Here we show that SOD2, which normally binds manganese, can incorporate iron and generate an alternative isoform with peroxidase activity. The switch from manganese to iron allows FeSOD2 to utilize H 2 O 2 to promote oxidative stress. We found that FeSOD2 is formed in cultured cells and in vivo . FeSOD2 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and higher levels of oxidative stress in cultured cells and in vivo . We show that formation of FeSOD2 converts an antioxidant defense into a prooxidant peroxidase that leads to cellular changes seen in multiple human diseases.
Optically-transparent micro-ring resonator enables longitudinal cortical imaging by photoacoustic microscopy (Conference Presentation)

High-resolution optical longitudinal cortical imaging usually uses cranial window, which involves removing a skull portion and sealing the exposed brain area with a transparent cover glass, allowing ballistic photons to reach the cortex with minimal disturbance of the brain function. It enables obtaining high-resolution brain images in extended periods of time for long-term neuronal activity studies using confocal and two-photon microscopies. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), as the only imaging method that directly measure absorption contrast, is a complementary functional imaging method to provide absorption related brain information, such as total concentration of hemoglobin and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. However, the use of traditional piezoelectric transducers (PZT) to collect ultrasound signal greatly limits the versatility of PAM. Though highly sensitive, PZT transducers are usually bulky and optically opaque. It blocks the light and is hard to be inserted into the limited distance between the optical objective and imaging sample, which are normally less than one millimeter when using a high- numerical aperture (NA) objective to achieve submicron resolution. Here, we developed a simple and cost-efficient soft nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process to fabricate fully embedded micro-ring resonator ultrasound detectors on optically transparent substrates, and integrated the detector onto a cranial window, making cranial window itself an ultrasonic detector. We implanted this functional cranial window on mouse head and achieved longitudinal monitoring of cortex vasculature using PAM. Our low-cost, disposable, and optically transparent detector may potentially reshape the longitudinal functional brain imaging using PAM in small animals.
A Report on the Hoshingabad Science Teaching Program in India

The Hoshingabad Science Teaching Program has been a grassroots curriculum reform effort to contextualize science instruction in the locality of the Hoshingabad district, Madhya Pradesh, India. This report examines the discrepancies between multiple curriculum representations within the context of this science curriculum innovation. The paper concludes that local interpretations of the nature of science have in fact been an impediment to what seemed to be a valid, locally relevant science instruction.
C11-choline PET scan for prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence

35 Objectives Relapsing disease is a common and challenging form of prostate cancer encountered in the contemporary clinical setting. Distinguishing between localized cancer or systemic recurrence represents a important step in optimizing prostate cancer treatment. Therefore we sought to determine the performance of C11-choline for its ability to delineate prostate cancer distribution and extent after failed definitive therapy. Methods Retrospective review of all prostate cancer patients who underwent evaluation using C11-choline PET/CT scan from 9/2007 to 11/2010 at the Mayo Clinic was performed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results During the study interval, a total of 254 PET scans were performed on 231 patients. 196 scans were performed on patients with biochemical recurrence after primary treatment failure. In this setting C11-choline PET scanning yielded a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 93, 76, 89, and 82%, respectively. 61 of 196 (31%) PET scans performed were deemed clinically “useful” as defined by their ability to detect treatable lesions, not identified using conventional imaging, thereby triggering changes in clinical management. 35 patients ultimately underwent surgical resection of isolated recurrent lesions detected by C11-choline PET. In these patients the sensitivity and PPV of C11-choline PET was 88 and 94%, respectively. Conclusions The operational performance of C11-choline PET for the evaluation of patients with recurrent prostate cancer supports the favorable claims regarding this technology reported in the literature to date. In addition, we find that C11-choline PET substantially enhances the rate of prostate cancer lesion detection by approximately 30% beyond what can be garnered using conventionally accepted imaging technologies
The Impact of Endodontic Infections on the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease(s): A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis Using GRADE

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether endodontic infections had an impact on the pathogenesis of systemic disease. Methods Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies, gray literature of all relevant articles, and textbooks were manually searched. There was no disagreement between the 2 reviewers. Results Four articles met the inclusion criteria with a high risk of bias. Three articles were analyzed for quantitative synthesis. All these articles were regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD). There was low-certainty evidence that a lesion of endodontic origin can contribute to systemic disease, 95% confidence interval, risk ratio 1.2 (0.79–1.83). Owing to high heterogeneity among the studies, sub-group analysis was undertaken. The results reported more consistent outcome with risk ratio 0.95 (0.75–1.21) and low certainty. Therefore, the authors have limited confidence in the effect estimate, which indicates that the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Conclusions Whether the presence of a lesion of endodontic origin may or may not have some impact on cardiovascular disease, the level of evidence is low, and our confidence in the assessment is low. This systematic review raised questions in the designs and analysis of the data, and further well-conducted longitudinal research would be required to make this causality claim.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal motility disorders other than achalasia

Abstract Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a novel minimally invasive procedure that has demonstrated excellent results in patients with all achalasia subtypes. In patients with non-achalasia disorders, POEM is more complex both in terms of preoperative evaluation and surgical technique. There are multiple studies that reported the results of POEM in patients with diffuse esophageal spasm and Jackhammer esophagus. POEM can potentially be the ideal endoscopic therapy for these motility disorders as it not only allows myotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter but also of the esophageal body, where the hypertensive contractions occur. In these patients, manometric diagnosis should be clear on careful review of their motility tracing. There have been promising reports of POEM in patients with esophago-gastric junction outflow obstruction, however, the data are still limited. In general, non-achalasia esophageal motility disorders are very rare and multicenter collaboration is required to develop an evidence-based methodology for POEM application in these disorders. The key to performa successful POEM is based on careful patient selection and complete pre-operative evaluation. GERD after POEM is common and management, goals of therapy, and long-term outcomes of GERD after POEM are unclear. Candidates should be appropriately counseled on expected outcomes and the need for long-term surveillance.
Simulation and Patient Safety in Obstetrics and Gynecology

The safety of our patients is top priority and has the potential to be positively impacted by the use of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology. Patient safety is defined by the WHO as “the prevention of errors and adverse events associated with health care” (Patient safety. http://www.who.int/patientsafety/about/en/. Accessed 2017). Medical errors and adverse events occur in all areas of medicine. However, attention to these risks is particularly important in our field due to the complex and fast-paced nature of obstetrics and gynecology. Simulation techniques have been used to improve team communication, increase error reporting, and improve management in obstetrics and gynecology and show promise in improving long-term patient outcomes.
Low-Loss Reflectarray Antenna Composed of Single-Layer Slots Backed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavities

A low-loss reflectarray antenna is presented that has good polarization purity and is formed by a single layer of slots backed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities. The 30 dB reflectarray antenna has been designed and fabricated on a standard FR4 substrate. The FR4 substrate's high loss tangent demonstrates the low-loss nature of the design and the ability to implement the reflectarray in a low cost substrate.
Symmetry breaking and the turn-on fluorescence of small, highly strained carbon nanohoops

[n]Cycloparaphenylenes, or “carbon nanohoops,” are unique conjugated macrocycles with radially oriented π-systems similar to those in carbon nanotubes. The centrosymmetric nature and conformational rigidity of these molecules lead to unusual size-dependent photophysical characteristics. To investigate these effects further and expand the family of possible structures, a new class of related carbon nanohoops with broken symmetry is disclosed. In these structures, referred to as meta[n]cycloparaphenylenes, a single carbon–carbon bond is shifted by one position in order to break the centrosymmetric nature of the parent [n]cycloparaphenylenes. Advantageously, the symmetry breaking leads to bright emission in the smaller nanohoops, which are typically non-fluorescent due to optical selection rules. Moreover, this simple structural manipulation retains one of the most unique features of the nanohoop structures—size dependent emissive properties with relatively large extinction coefficients and quantum yields. Inspired by earlier theoretical work by Tretiak and co-workers, this joint synthetic, photophysical, and theoretical study provides further design principles to manipulate the optical properties of this growing class of molecules with radially oriented π-systems.
Quantum Mechanics, Time and Ontology

Abstract Against what is commonly accepted in many contexts, it has been recently suggested that both deterministic and indeterministic quantum theories are not time-reversal invariant, and thus time is handed in a quantum world. In this paper, I analyze these arguments and evaluate possible reactions to them. In the context of deterministic theories, first I show that this conclusion depends on the controversial assumption that the wave-function is a physically real scalar field in configuration space. Then I argue that answers which restore invariance by assuming the wave-function is a ray in Hilbert space fall short. Instead, I propose that one should deny that the wave-function represents physical systems, along the lines proposed by the so-called primitive ontology approach. Moreover, in the context of indeterministic theories, I argue that time-reversal invariance can be restored suitably redefining its meaning.
Enhancement of Driving Force of Acoustic Streaming Due to Nonlinear Attenuation of Ultrasound

The driving force of macroscopic acoustic streaming generated by plane traveling ultrasound in an unbounded medium has been studied theoretically. A direct numerical method based on the analytical solution for finite–amplitude plane sound waves in a dissipative fluid shows that the driving force is enhanced through nonlinear attenuation of ultrasound and is localized near the sound source in contrast with the case of linear absorption alone, which varies exponentially. The distribution of streaming velocity generated from this driving force is computed assuming fluid-dynamic linearity and is shown not to be proportional to the square of source amplitude of ultrasound.
Singularities, gauge dynamics, and non-perturbative superpotentials in string theory

We describe a class of 4D N = 1 compactifications of the SO(32) heterotic/type I string theory which are destabilized by non-perturbatively generated superpotentials. In the type I description, the destabilizing superpotential is generated by a one instanton effect or gaugino condensation in a non-perturbative SU(2) gauge group. The dual, heterotic description involves destabilization due to world-sheet instanton or half world-sheet instanton effects in the two cases. A genericity argument suggests that a (global) supersymmetry-breaking model of Intriligator and Thomas might be typical in a class of string theory models. Our analysis also suggests that the tensionless strings which arise in the E8 × E8 theory in six dimensions when an instanton shrinks to zero size should, in some cases, have supersymmetry breaking dynamics upon further compactification to four dimensions. We provide explicit examples, constructed using F-theory, of the two cases of dynamically generated superpotentials.
Validation of Gender Specific CAPS Marker in Turkish Fig (Ficus carica L.) Collection and F1 Progenies

In most dioecious plants, distinguishing male and female progenies is not possible until flowering or fruiting stage. The fig (Ficus carica L.) is such a plant where distinguishing male and female plants at the seedling stage can accelerate fig-breeding programs. An orthologue of RAN1 loci was reported to be associated with sex determination in fig (Mori et al., 2017). The objective of this study is to validate this locus on Turkish fig germplasm collection and F1 population obtained from a cross between female genotypes ‘Bursa Siyahi’ and male genotype ‘Ak Ilek’. A total of 144 genotypes from germplasm collection and 115 F1 individuals were tested with CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences) marker following the Mori et al. (2017). The loci produced a 315bp amplification product from all genotypes. PciI digestion of PCR products resulted in 100% concordance between phenotypes and molecular tests. On the other hand, HpyCH4IV enzyme digestion of 8 female genotypes resulted in false negatives among the tested materials. Therefore, despite overall results show that the locus is suitable for gender selection of plants at the seedling stage in the breeding programs, care should be taken when HpyCH4IV enzyme is to be employed for CAPS assay.
Philanthropic Entrepreneurs Who Give Overseas: An Exploratory Study of International Giving Through Grassroots Organizations:

We examine a phenomenon which includes people who have had transformative experiences while abroad and traveling, and who have returned home to the United States and become philanthropic entreprene...
Trajectory Tubes State-Constrained Feedback Control

This chapter begins with the theory of trajectory tubes which are necessary elements of realistic mathematical models for controlled processes and their evolutionary dynamics. We then deal with the evolution in time of state-constrained forward and backward reachability tubes also known as “viability tubes.” The backward tubes are then used to design feedback controls under state constraints that may also appear in the form of obstacles to be avoided by system trajectories.
Legacy leadership: stewardship and courage. Five attributes characterize genuine healthcare leaders

In organizations with the power to persist through turbulent eras, one finds leaders who live as if they were stewards of a legacy-the culture, mission, and founding spirit of the organization. These legacy leaders may be physicians, administrators, chief executives, or board members, but they all have the ability to weave a thread of constancy through times of peril. Five attributes characterize legacy leaders: Their work is a vocation, they possess a moral code, they are committed to stewardship, they have a bias for building, and they instill hope. Legacy leaders stay with one organization a very long time, patiently removing obstacles to worthy accomplishments. Because the profession of healthcare is at heart a vocation, not a business, we must pay attention to the kinds of leaders we place in our healthcare institutions. To carry out their responsibility of transforming healthcare delivery, boards of directors must hire legacy leaders, manage their business focus, carefully evaluate executives, enhance mechanisms for board evaluation, and raise the bar for decision making.
Moving Past Ganciclovir and Foscarnet: Advances in CMV Therapy

CMV DNA polymerase inhibitors such as ganciclovir and foscarnet have dramatically reduced the burden of CMV infection in the HCT recipient. However, their use is often limited by toxicities and resistance. Agents with novel mechanisms and favorable toxicity profiles are critically needed. We review recent developments in CMV antivirals and immune-based approaches to mitigating CMV infection. Letermovir, an inhibitor of the CMV terminase complex, was approved in 2017 for primary CMV prophylaxis in adult seropositive allogeneic HCT recipients. Maribavir, an inhibitor of the CMV UL97 kinase, is currently in two phase 3 treatment studies. Adoptive immunotherapy using third-party T cells has proven safe and effective in preliminary studies. Vaccine development continues, with several promising candidates currently under study. No longer limited to DNA polymerase inhibitors, the prevention and treatment of CMV infections in the HCT recipient is a rapidly evolving field which should translate into improvements in CMV-related outcomes.
TOPAZ II REACTOR CONTROL UNIT DEVELOPMENT AT PHILLIPS LABORATORY

The overall purpose of the TOPAZ II Controller Development effort is to provide a “proof-of-principle” reactor control unit (RCU) that is ready to test on a TOPAZ II space power system at the TSET facility by early 1995, utilizing available on-site resources. This effort is being conducted as part of the TOPAZ International Program at the US Air Force Phillips Laboratory.
Reading for Success: Booker T. Washington’s Pursuit of Education in Two Children’s Books

Marie Bradby and Chris Soentpiet’s More Than Anything Else (1995) and Thomas Amper and Jeni Reeves’s Booker T. Washington (1998) both rely on the literacy myth to present Booker T. Washington’s early pursuit of education. Yet they come to different conclusions about black educational achievement and promote opposing sides in late twentieth-century debates about multicultural education. While the Bradby-Soentpiet book depicts black working-class culture as an important intellectual support, Amper-Reeves book obscures its role, emphasizing Washington’s white mentors. Booker T. Washington associates black achievement with assimilating to the dominant culture, while More Than Anything Else posits an alternative approach insisting on the compatibility of blackness and print culture.