cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A further evaluation of the effects of listener training on derived categorization and speaker behavior in children with autism

Abstract Previous research has shown that children with autism may accurately categorize visual stimuli after learning to both tact (i.e., speaker behavior) and receptively discriminate (i.e., listener behavior) them using common category names. The purpose of the current study was to further evaluate the effects of category listener training alone on the development of Visual Categorization and Category Tacts with four children diagnosed with autism. We administered standardized language assessments to evaluate participants’ skills prior to beginning the study and used a non-concurrent multiple-baseline design across participants. Two of the participants whose language assessments identified both speaker and listener scores greater than 36 months, passed Visual Categorization and Category Tact testing with previously unfamiliar stimuli following Category Listener training. The two participants whose language assessments identified a deficit in either speaker or listener scores failed Visual Categorization and Category Tact testing following Category Listener training. These results suggest that both speaker and listener behavior may be required for the emergence of untrained categorization and tacting following listener training.
Java visualization of student-implemented OS algorithms: demonstration

In an operating systems course, students have the opportunity to learn a variety of different algorithms designed to solve problems such as process scheduling and page replacement. Students can learn these algorithms on a conceptual level, but they gain a stronger understanding of the algorithms by implementing them and seeing them work. For students who lack a strong background in C, studying and modifying the code of an actual operating system such as Linux may not be feasible in an undergraduate operating systems course. Furthermore, with the variety of topics than can be covered in such a course, it may not be desirable to assign major month-long programming projects. As an alternative, a simple simulation has been developed for the undergraduate operating systems course at Widener University that allows students to implement and test their algorithms in Java, the language that they are most familiar with.
Post Hoc Analyses of ApoE Genotype-Defined Subgroups in Clinical Trials.

Background Many post hoc analyses of clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are in small Phase 2 trials. Subject heterogeneity may lead to statistically significant post hoc results that cannot be replicated in larger follow-up studies. Objective We investigated the extent of this problem using simulation studies mimicking current trial methods with post hoc analyses based on ApoE4 carrier status. Methods We used a meta-database of 24 studies, including 3,574 subjects with mild AD and 1,171 subjects with MCI/prodromal AD, to simulate clinical trial scenarios. Post hoc analyses examined if rates of progression on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) differed between ApoE4 carriers and non-carriers. Results Across studies, ApoE4 carriers were younger and had lower baseline scores, greater rates of progression, and greater variability on the ADAS-cog. Up to 18% of post hoc analyses for 18-month trials in AD showed greater rates of progression for ApoE4 non-carriers that were statistically significant but unlikely to be confirmed in follow-up studies. The frequency of erroneous conclusions dropped below 3% with trials of 100 subjects per arm. In MCI, rates of statistically significant differences with greater progression in ApoE4 non-carriers remained below 3% unless sample sizes were below 25 subjects per arm. Conclusions Statistically significant differences for ApoE4 in post hoc analyses often reflect heterogeneity among small samples rather than true differential effect among ApoE4 subtypes. Such analyses must be viewed cautiously. ApoE genotype should be incorporated into the design stage to minimize erroneous conclusions.
Discovery, Characterization, and Analogue Synthesis of Bohemamine Dimers Generated by Non‐enzymatic Biosynthesis

Dibohemamines A-C (5-7), three new dimeric bohemamine analogues dimerized through a methylene group, were isolated from a marine-derived Streptomyces spinoverrucosus. The structures determined by spectroscopic analysis were confirmed through the semi-synthetic derivatization of monomeric bohemamines and formaldehyde. These reactions, which could occur under mild conditions, together with the detection of formaldehyde in the culture, revealed that this dimerization is a non-enzymatic process. In addition to the unique dimerization of the dibohemamines, dibohemamines B and C were found to have nm cytotoxicity against the non-small cell-lung cancer cell line A549. In view of the potent cytotoxicity of compounds 6 and 7, a small library of bohemamine analogues was generated for biological evaluation by utilizing a series of aryl and alkyl aldehydes.
Measurements of the first normal-stress difference in a new Rheo-dilatometer for molten polymers: Triple-step-shear-strain tests for all K-BKZ constitutive equations

Following the 3rd of a triple-step-shear-strain sequence, the relaxation of the first normal-stress difference,N1 (t), has been measured for a sample (IUPAC “A”) of low-density polyethylene at 150 °C over a range of shear-strain magnitudes up to 28 shear units. A new cone-plate “Rheodilatometer” was used, giving sample volume change data as well as thrust and torque data during cone rotation. At 130 °C, prior measurements (described elsewhere) gave an upper limit of 0.001% for the volume change with IUPAC A; this gave an estimated error of only 1.7% in determiningN1(t) from time-dependent thrust data. Wagner's network-rupture model (based on a postulated strain-induced irreversible network disentanglement process) gave quantitative agreement withN1(t) data for IUPAC A at 150 °C over some of the ranges of time and shear-strain investigated. Wagner's earlier constitutive equation (of K-BKZ type) gave no quantitative agreement. Using a special choice of strain magnitudes in which the 3rd is half that of the 1st and 2nd, it is shown that a critical test of all K-BKZ equations can be made on the basis ofN1 (t) data only. This test excludes all K-BKZ equations for IUPAC A under the conditions here used. In all the present investigations, the 1st and 3rd shears had the same sign while the 2nd had the opposite sign.
POLYSACCHARIDASE PRODUCTION AND CELL WALL DEGRADATION BY SEVERAL SALT MARSH FUNGI

Three salt marsh fungi (Pleospora pelagica, Pleospora vagans, Phaeosphaeria typharum) were examined for their ability to produce cell wall polysaccharidases when cultured in a medium containing cell walls isolated from Spartina alterniflora as the sole carbon source. Enzymatic activities detected in culture filtrates after six da of growth were a-L-arabinosidase, a-D-galactosidase, f,-D-galactosidase, ,-D-glucosidase, f,-D-xylosidase, arabanase, cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase. Not all fungi produced the same enzymes. Enzymatically active culture filtrates from these fungi, as well as from the salt marsh fungus Buergenerula spartinae, were also able to solubilize isolated cell walls as measured by reducing sugar liberation. The merits of using isolated cell walls as enzyme substrates are discussed.
Some Methodological Problems of the Community Self-Survey

This study is important from a methodological point of view, because it indicates the possibility of placing a foreign nation under scrutiny and deriving practical and theoretical data by means of quantitative techniques. The comparison throws revealing light on national differences in attitudes as well as on culture-bound interpretations and evaluations. The addition to international understanding of this type of study, on a more elaborate scale, is obvious.
Development of a Paper-and-Pencil Measure of Conformity

Summary.-This study describes initial work in developing a standardized paperand-pencil measure of conformity. Two of the four ambiguous tasks successfully discriminated 89 subjects who were exposed to others' estimates and 87 who were not. Recognizing the need for a simple, quick paper-and-pencil test to measure conformity, development of such an instrument was undertaken. The design was one wherein subjects were presented tasks which supposedly had already been completed by other subjects and their degree of conformity was measured. The four tasks used in the present study were (a) a modification of Asch's (1956) visual judgment task wherein subjects were to match a line length to a standard, (b) a task adapted from a demonstration project which required subjects to estimate the number of dots in a matrix, (c) a series of small vertical arrows which required subjects to indicate the orientation the next arrow should take, and (d) a task wherein subjects were to choose the darker of two objects (which were actually identical). Half of the 178 undergraduate volunteers (M age = 18.9 yt) received papers on which it appeared that three other persons had already responded to each of these tasks. The other subjects were controls who did not receive "used" sheets. Analysis indicated that the first two tasks successfully discriminated between the two groups (X,2 = 3.85, p < .05 and t,, = 8.62, p < .05, respectively). The latter two tasks showed no significant differences. It is noted that the "successful" tasks both had multiple possible responses whereas the "unsuccessful" ones involved dichotomous choices. These results are being taken as the basis for further refining and validating a paper-and-pencil measure of conformity. Studies are currently underway in which the successful tasks are further standardized and additional ones are evaluated and scores correlated with the Burger (1987) Desire for Control scale.
Dynamical Investigations of Inhomogeneous Vibrational Broadening in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Nanocrystalline semiconductors doped with transition metal impurities are appealing candidates for spintronic, photovoltaic, and photocatalytic applications. The electronic nature of these material...
Is a Pink Cow Still a Cow? Individual Differences in Toddlers' Vocabulary Knowledge and Lexical Representations.

When a toddler knows a word, what does she actually know? Many categories have multiple relevant properties; for example, shape and color are relevant to membership in the category banana. How do toddlers prioritize these properties when recognizing familiar words, and are there systematic differences among children? In this study, toddlers viewed pairs of objects associated with prototypical colors. On some trials, objects were typically colored (e.g., Holstein cow and pink pig); on other trials, colors were switched (e.g., pink cow and Holstein-patterned pig). On each trial, toddlers were directed to find a target object. Overall, recognition was disrupted when colors were switched, as measured by eye movements. Moreover, individual differences in vocabularies predicted recognition differences: Toddlers who say fewer shape-based words were more disrupted by color switches. "Knowing" a word may not mean the same thing for all toddlers; different toddlers prioritize different facets of familiar objects in their lexical representations.
FOCUS ON PSORIASIS: A REPORT FROM THE 73RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGYPsoriasis-related topics included targeted therapies, safety of biologies, comorbidities.

New and investigational therapies for psoriasis were main points of discussion at the 73rd annual meeting of the AAD. The safety profile of currently available biologic agents was also a frequent topic, and the interim reports of large patient registries are quite favorable. We can look forward to more data regarding the effect of psoriasis therapies on comorbidities, as well as effective therapies for pediatric psoriasis. As more advances are made in gene sequencing, we can expect a greater convergence of genetics and therapeutics. With all of the discoveries occurring in the field of psoriasis, there is great potential for decreasing the burden of this systemic disease.
Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 Assay for Aflatoxin B1 Activation by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

A rapid and sensitive microbial assay was developed to detect lethal products of aflatoxin B metabolism by rainbow trout (Salmon gairdneri) Mt. Shasta strain. Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 (hisA1, uvr-1, metB4), a DNA repair deficient strain, was incubated for 20 min in the 20,000 times g supernate from trout liver homogenates which had been preincubated for 10 min with various levels of aflatoxin B. Serial dilutions of the incubation mixture were plated in triplicate on tryptose blood agar base plates and colonies were counted after 12 hr at 37 degrees C. One mumole aflatoxin B in 3.2 ml incubation mixture reduced viability 60%.
Gastric Adenocarcinoma: An Update on Genomics, Immune System Modulations, and Targeted Therapy

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is a global health burden on all societies, and it was the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in 2012, causing 723,000 deaths worldwide. The prognosis of patients with metastatic GAC remains poor, with a median overall survival of less than 1 year in patients treated with currently available therapies. A limited number of therapeutic agents is currently available. Recent additions to the armamentarium include trastuzumab and ramucirumab, which have shown some survival advantage when added to cytotoxic(s). Genomic analyses have defined various genotypes of GACs. The novel genomic knowledge can lead to discovery of novel targets and novel therapeutic agents. In this update, we focus on the current genomic data, targeted therapies including immune system modulators, and expand on HER2/neu testing and the use of agents against this target. Several other facets of GAC and its therapy are not to be included in this review but have been discussed elsewhere.
Efficacy of a Brief, Cyclophosphamide-Intensive Regimen for Older Patients with Newly Diagnosed Burkitt's or Atypical Burkitt's Lymphoma/Leukemia.

Abstract Abstract 2685 Poster Board II-661 Background: Although standard therapies cure most adolescents and young adults with Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia (BL), older patients (pts) have an inferior prognosis with an estimated 1-year survival of 50%. The inferior outcome is attributable to both insufficient efficacy and excess toxicity. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) has long been recognized to be arguably the most active agent in BL. Prior work at our institution showed that high-dose Cy, equivalent to transplantation doses, could be given without stem cell rescue with minimal toxicity even in older pts. Patients and Methods: A phase II trial for pts age ≥ 30, based on intensive Cy and incorporating rituximab but no anthracycline, was developed with a primary endpoint of 1-year overall survival. Entry requirements included newly diagnosed BL or atypical BL; any performance status (PS); HIV negative; and no significant cardiac dysfunction. Renal failure, even if necessitating dialysis, was permitted if it was acute. Treatment consisted of 3 cycles, with successive cycles beginning on day 15 or when ANC was ≥ 500/μL. Cycles 1 and 2 consisted of Cy 1500 mg/m2 IV day 1; vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (2 mg cap) day 1; prednisone 100 mg days 1-5; rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV days 1 and 8; methotrexate 3 g/m2 IV day 8 with leucovorin rescue; cytarabine 100 mg intrathecally days 1, 4, and 11; and filgrastim. Cycle 3 consisted of rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV day 1; high-dose Cy (50 mg/kg IV days 2, 3, 4, and 5) with uroprotection; filgrastim; and rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV weekly for 4 weeks once ANC was ≥ 1000/μL. Eligibility for cycle 3 included ECOG PS Results: A prespecified interim analysis of the first 12 of a planned 20 evaluable pts is presented. Diagnosis was BL in 8 and atypical BL/unclassifiable high-grade lymphoma with features intermediate between BL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 4. Median age was 56 (range 34 – 75), 8/12 (67%) had Ann Arbor stage III/IV disease, and all were high-risk by Magrath's criteria. PS ranged from 0 to 4. Two pts received hemodialysis on presentation. For all pts, actuarial event-free survival and overall survival ( Figure ) are 66% and 75%, respectively, at both 1 year and 2 years after treatment initiation. Three pts died during cycle 1: tumor lysis syndrome on day 1, neutropenic sepsis on day 8, multiorgan failure on day 46 after respiratory arrest on day 20. All of the other 9 pts completed protocol therapy: 8 (89%) achieved anatomic CR/CRu as well as a complete metabolic response by PET, and are event-free at a median of 29 months (range Download : Download high-res image (60KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusion: A very short regimen based on intensive Cy without anthracycline produces a high rate of durable CR's in older, poorer-risk pts with BL or atypical BL. Disclosures: Kasamon: Genentech: Research Funding. Swinnen: Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Enzon: Consultancy; Abbot: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Maori Literature: Protest and Affirmation

The works of Maori writers have emerged in the last two decades as powerful literary and political commentaries. During this time New Zealand has witnessed a Maori renaissance, whose characteristics have included pronounced and pointed Maori political activity, an increased awareness of the Maori artistic heritage, and, finally but certainly not insignificantly, innovation and experimentation within that heritage. While there has unquestionably been a reengagement with Maori art generally, sparked by the successful Te Maori exhibition in the United States and its triumphal return to New Zealand, Maori literature stands out as a means through which Maori culture can be reexamined, reevaluated, and for the most part reaffirmed. As importantly, New Zealand’s colonial heritage and Pakeha complicity have been subject to scrutiny. This indigenous perspective is in keeping both with the spirit of the Maori renaissance within New Zealand and with the increasing awareness and articulation of the implications of colonialism for indigenous people. Through literature, then, a distinctively Maori voice has penetrated New Zealand discourse. Only in the last two decades has Maori writing received a national-and, in some cases, an international--audience. This period corresponds with the evolution of Maori political aspirations and the subsequent redefinition of Maori-Pakeha relations. Two Maori writers in particular, Patricia Grace and Witi Ihimaera, have emerged as especially significant, each producing an individual corpus spanning the course of the Maori renaissance. In this article, I will be concerned primarily with their works, although the more recent novels of Keri Hulme
Performance comparison of nodally integrated galerkin meshfree methods and nodally collocated strong form meshfree methods

For a truly meshfree technique, Galerkin meshfree methods rely chiefly on nodal integration of the weak form. In the case of Strong Form Collocation meshfree methods, direct collocation at the nodes can be employed. In this paper, performance of these node-based Galerkin and collocation meshfree methods is compared in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and stability. Considering both accuracy and efficiency, the overall effectiveness in terms of CPU time versus error is also assessed. Based on the numerical experiments, nodally integrated Galerkin meshfree methods with smoothed gradients and variationally consistent integration yield the most effective solution technique, while direct collocation of the strong form at nodal locations has comparable effectiveness.
Board Independence and Credit Ratings

Using Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) as a natural experiment, we find evidence consistent with an optimal level of board independence for credit ratings. We test two hypotheses that could explain this optimality: information cost hypothesis (ICH) that the effectiveness of independent boards increases with the private benefits of the management, and decreases with the cost of monitoring and advising, and the shareholder empowering hypothesis (SEH) that the empowering of shareholders through stronger board independence reduces the agency cost of equity but exacerbates the agency cost of debt. We find mixed evidence supporting ICH, and stronger evidence supporting SEH.
Modeling multiphase flow: Spray breakup using volume of fluids in a dynamics LES FEM method

ABSTRACTCurrently, all commercial software for engine modeling investigates the dispersed droplet phase of the injection process. Understanding the effect of geometry of the injector nozzle, initial jet conditions, fluid properties in the liquid film, breakup, resulting droplet sizes, and distribution are of primary importance to improve fuel efficiency and lower gas emissions. We have developed an innovative computational method and models to make this atomization process more predictive: a multiscale, multiphase fluid simulation, using a volume-of-fluid method implemented in a large eddy simulation algorithm found in the new KIVA-hpFE, a finite element method flow solver for all flow regimes.
African-American caregivers' perspectives on aggressive behaviors in dementia.

PurposeAlthough African-American dementia caregivers report less upset and more confidence managing aggressive behaviors when compared to whites, their contextual experience remains unclear and thi...
Entertaining evolution: understanding science from animations

At a natural history museum in Chicago, a series of animations puts a humourous spin on important concepts of evolution. These short films demonstrate the tensions between design goals that include both entertainment and education, and raise important questions about the use of animation for teaching complex processes such as evolution. This study reports the findings from clinical interviews with museum visitors and students on their understanding of evolution from watching these animations.
Efficient security policy enforcement in a location based service environment

Location based services, one of the promising markets of mobile commerce, aims at delivering point of need personalized information. Often, these services to be delivered are based on the prior knowledge of the profiles of mobile customers and security and privacy policies dictated by them. These policies may specify revealing the sensitive information of mobile customers (e.g., age, salary) selectively to specific merchants in return of receiving certain benefits (e.g., coupons, special discounts, etc.). As a result, the security policies in such an environment are characterized by spatial and temporal attributes of the mobile customers (location and time), as well as their profile attributes. The focus of this paper is to efficiently enforce such policies. In this regard, we propose a unified structure that is capable of indexing mobile customer (mobile object) locations and their profiles, and the authorizations stating their security and privacy policies.
Carbon Nanotube Based Interconnect Technology: Opportunities and Challenges

As candidate materials for future wiring technologies, carbon nanotubes possess extraordinary physical and electrical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes have high current carrying capacity, excellent thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficients, and are less susceptible to electromigration than conventional interconnect materials such as copper, tungsten and aluminum. It is likely that carbon nanotubes in combination with conventional materials will be implemented as a hybrid solution in on-chip interconnect technologies. Contact resistance at the nanotube–metal interface becomes a primary area for reliability engineering. Recent improvements in plasma based processing have demonstrated that individual, high-length-to-diameter ratio, vertically oriented carbon nanotubes can be fabricated to achieve architectures useful for advanced technologies. In this chapter, we present an overview of carbon nanotubes based electronics and describe our recent works in the development of carbon nanotube as a candidate interconnect material. The overview is limited to the fundamental characteristics of carbon nanotubes as implemented in wiring applications. We address the challenges and opportunities facing carbon nanotube implementation in CMOS semiconductor processing, as well as other possible nanoelectromechanical applications.
Snow: The Playing Field

Like other outdoor sports, skiing requires a playing field. That playing field may be provided by nature in the form of a covering of snow. Out of the desire for an adequate playing field, we have contrived to make artificial snow to replace or augment the natural stuff when it refuses to appear in sufficient quantity or, tragically, refuses to appear at all. Most of the alpine skiers of the world practice their sport on carefully prepared slopes on which natural as well as manufactured snow is first packed and then later scored or groomed. Daily maintenance of the slopes’ surfaces ensures the uniformly good skiing conditions alpine skiers expect for the price of their lift tickets. Organized nordic ski facilities likewise provide skiers with groomed tracks and courses. When adventure skiers take to the hills or mountains, they likely will seek out particular snow conditions—usually powder, the deeper the better—but they must ski through whatever snow conditions they may find along the way.
Die Drei Verschiedenen Einstellungen im Urteilen

Jetzt handelt es sich darum festzustellen, welches die in der eigenen Inhaltsanalyse des § 70a von Husserl erwahnten drei verschiedenen „Einstellungen im Urteilen“ sein sollen. Diese Frage, d.h. die Frage nach den Einstellungen im Urteilen, muste bisher aufgeschoben werden, und zwar unter anderem deswegen, weil die Ordnung, in der Husserl die Elemente der formalen, apophantischen Dreischichtung in den §§ 12–22 der Logik ausfuhrt, und die Ordnung, in der er diese Elemente in dem § 70 Open image in new window angibt, sich miteinander nicht decken. Dabei handelt es sich zugleich um die Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen den drei verschiedenen Stufen bzw. Schichten der formalen Logik als formaler Apophantik bzw. apophantischer Analytik und den drei verschiedenen Einstellungen im Urteilen. Es soil auserdem am Ende des vorliegenden Paragraphen versucht werden, die Spalte (2) der leeren, auszufullenden Tabelle (siehe wiederum Tabelle I, II und III) von oben nach unten auszufullen.
Computational Approaches to Modeling Viral Structure and Assembly

The structures of biological macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies can be experimentally determined by X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The refinement of such structures is a difficult task, because of the size of the experimental data sets, and because of the very large number of degrees of freedom. Molecular modeling tools-particularly those based on the principles of molecular mechanics-have long been employed to assist in the refinement of macromolecular structures. Molecular mechanics methods are also used to generate de novo models when there are only limited experimental data available. Ideally, such models provide information on structure-function relationships, and on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the system of interest. Here, we summarize some of the molecular mechanics methods used to investigate questions of viral structure and assembly, including both all-atom and coarse-grained approaches.
Personal Reflection: A Reflection on Encouraging Critical Thinking and Empathy: Using So-TL to Examine Teaching Effectiveness in a Social Justice in Graduate Education Class

Abstract This essay addresses the search for a more comprehensive and reflective method through which to analyze the efficacy of my teaching approach in a graduate level social justice in education class. I explored tenets of scholarship in teaching and learning as a basis for developing a more coherent and organic assessment approach, with the goal of assisting students to better address the intellectual challenges posed by the discussion and application of sensitive social justice topics. I was also interested in using scholarship of teaching and learning to analyze the effectiveness of the applied anthropological approach, now employed to assist culturally homogeneous graduate students and classroom teachers develop more empathic attitudes towards their international, multi-ethnic classroom population while examining their own approach to student learning outcomes.
A stochastic algorithm for accurately predicting path persistence of cells migrating in 3D matrix environments

Cell mobility plays a critical role in immune response, wound healing, and the rate of cancer metastasis and tumor progression. Mobility within a three-dimensional (3D) matrix environment can be characterized by the average velocity of cell migration and the persistence length of the path it follows. Computational models that aim to predict cell migration within such 3D environments need to be able predict both of these properties as a function of the various cellular and extra-cellular factors that influence the migration process. A large number of models have been developed to predict the velocity of cell migration driven by cellular protrusions in 3D environments. However, prediction of the persistence of a cell's path is a more tedious matter, as it requires simulating cells for a long time while they migrate through the model extra-cellular matrix (ECM). This can be a computationally expensive process, and only recently have there been attempts to quantify cell persistence as a function of key cellular or matrix properties. Here, we propose a new stochastic algorithm that can simulate and analyze 3D cell migration occurring over days with a computation time of minutes, opening new possibilities of testing and predicting long-term cell migration behavior as a function of a large variety of cell and matrix properties. In this model, the matrix elements are generated as needed and stochastically based on the biophysical and biochemical properties of the ECM the cell migrates through. This approach significantly reduces the computational resources required to track and calculate cell matrix interactions. Using this algorithm, we predict the effect of various cellular and matrix properties such as cell polarity, cell mechanoactivity, matrix fiber density, matrix stiffness, fiber alignment, and fiber binding site density on path persistence of cellular migration and the mean squared displacement of cells over long periods of time.
XML Template Functional and Multivalued Dependencies Validation

In this paper, we present two types of XML semantic constraints, namely the XML Template Functional Dependencies (XTFDs) and the XML Template Multivalued Dependencies (XTMVDs), which are both defin...
Human pancreatic cancer cell exosomes, but not human normal cell exosomes, act as an initiator in cell transformation.

Cancer evolves through a multistep process that occurs by the temporal accumulation of genetic mutations. Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging contributors to tumorigenesis. To understand how exosomes might contribute to cell transformation, we utilized the classic two-step NIH/3T3 cell transformation assay and observed that exosomes isolated from pancreatic cancer cells, but not normal human cells, can initiate malignant cell transformation and these transformed cells formed tumors in vivo. However, cancer cell exosomes are unable to transform cells alone or to act as a promoter of cell transformation. Utilizing proteomics and exome sequencing, we discovered cancer cell exosomes act as an initiator by inducing random mutations in recipient cells. Cells from the pool of randomly mutated cells are driven to transformation by a classic promoter resulting in foci, each of which encode a unique genetic profile. Our studies describe a novel molecular understanding of how cancer cell exosomes contribute to cell transformation. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that major issues remain unresolved (see decision letter).
Teaching Core Soft Skills into Business Curriculum: Can We Teach Longitudinally?.

AbstractMany have expressed concerns with respect to the development of managerial skills in business graduate programs. Time constraints and limited practice opportunities are, arguably, the key r...
Fragmented Securities Regulation and Information-Processing Costs

Using a unique setting where stand-alone banks submit filings to bank regulators instead of to the SEC, we examine the consequences of fragmented securities regulation on disclosure compliance and information-processing costs. Consistent with the theory that bank regulators are less concerned about transparency than the SEC is, we find that bank regulators’ disclosure requirements are laxer, and stand-alone banks are more likely to violate filing deadlines. We further examine whether the disclosure system maintained by bank regulators (FDICconnect) generates higher information-processing costs. We find that the market reaction to insider filings by stand-alone banks is less timely. We also find that retail investors trade less on insider filings on FDICconnect than large informed investors do. Our findings suggest that regulatory fragmentation undermines market efficiency and disadvantages retail investors by affecting information-processing costs.
The Effects on Hospital Utilization of the 1966 and 2014 Health Insurance Coverage Expansions in the United States.

People who have more generous health insurance plans use more hospital days than those who are uninsured or have less generous coverage. Therefore, we would expect an increase in the overall number...
Progress toward the assembly of the bicyclic theonellamide skeleton

Abstract An orthogonally protected τ-histidinoalanine residue was synthesized via regioselective alkylation of optically pure Boc- l -His-OTCE (TCE = trichloroethyl) with a sulfamidate electrophile derived from Fmoc- d -Ser-OBn. The goal was the synthesis of a non-natural theonellamide, invoking readily accessible variants of the other 10 amino acids. Peptide fragments corresponding to the east and west rings of “theonellamide X″ were synthesized in solution. Each ring was formed independently, providing insights into protecting group limitations, side reactions, and the optimal order of events to approach the formation of the bicyclic system. Ultimately, an undecapeptide was prepared, with the eastern ring formed. The twelfth amino acid, an l -α-aminoadipic acid building block, was prepared and preliminary investigations into its attachment to the undecapeptide are reported.
Life is Lived on the Edge

Mathematical models of complex dynamic biological processes sometimes involve systems of partial differemtial eqaations for production, growth, decay, interaction, and spatial movement.
COVID-19 Sewage Testing as a Police Surveillance Infrastructure

Sewage has become a COVID-19 tool. American colleges and universities have struggled to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic as students returned to campus in 2020. Most colleges are unable to provide widespread testing and contact tracing. Testing all students, faculty, and staff on a campus is prohibitively expensive. As a result, many colleges and universities have turned to a different approach. Those infected with COVID-19 shed viral particles in their waste. Evidence of these viral particles can be tested by sampling wastewater. Testing sewage offers a reliable method for identifying outbreaks cheaper and easier to administer than a mass testing and contact tracing program. And as COVID-19 is likely to affect the population well into 2021, state and local governments have considered or started sewage testing. But emergency measures have a tendency to stick around after the crises that prompted them diminish. COVID-19’s public health crisis will end. But the incentives to monitor wastewater will continue. This Essay argues that sewage testing will outlive the pandemic and become a part of a general policing surveillance infrastructure. We risk adopting this surveillance without care taken to the legal and policy questions raised by its use.
Donor governance and financial management in prominent US art museums

I study “donor governance,” which occurs when contributors to nonprofit firms place restrictions on their gifts to limit the discretion of managers. In a study of US art museums, I find that this practice has grown significantly in recent years, and it represents the largest source of permanent capital in the industry. When donor restrictions are strong, museums shift their cost structures away from administration and toward program services, and they exhibit very high savings rates, retaining in their endowments 45 cents of each incremental dollar donated. Retention rates are near zero for cash generated from other activities. Restricted donations appear to stabilize nonprofits and significantly influence their activities, but they reduce management flexibility and may contribute to lower profit margins. Rising donor governance in US art museums may represent a reaction by contributors to the industry’s high rates of financial distress, weak boards of trustees, and large private benefits of control enjoyed by managers.
Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis

Five elderly patients with recurrent and progressive erythematous patchy dermatitis had temporary flares of generalized erythema and associated positive patch tests. The histopathologic findings were of a distinct pattern of lymphocytic dermal reticulosis and chronic epithelial response. We believe this represents a potential pre-Sezary state that can be recognized by the course and the histologic pattern.
Heparan Sulfate Binding Cationic Peptides Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Entry

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. While the world is striving for a treatment modality against SARS-CoV-2, our understanding about the virus entry mechanisms may help to design entry inhibitors, which may help to limit the virus spreading. Owing to the importance of cellular ACE2 and heparan sulfate in SARS-CoV-2 entry, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cationic G1 and G2 peptides in virus entry inhibition. In silico binding affinity studies revealed possible binding sites of G1 and G2 peptides on HS and ACE2, which are required for the spike–HS and spike–ACE2 interactions. Prophylactic treatment of G1 and G2 peptide was also proved to decrease the cell surface HS, an essential virus entry receptor. With these two mechanisms we confirm the possible use of cationic peptides to inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2.
Redefining Physicalism

Philosophers have traditionally treated physicalism as an empirically informed metaphysical thesis. This approach faces a well-known problem often referred to as Hempel’s dilemma: formulations of physicalism tend to be either false or indeterminate. The generally preferred strategy to address this problem involves an appeal to a hypothetical complete and ideal physical theory. After demonstrating that this strategy is not viable, I argue that we should redefine physicalism as an interdisciplinary research program seeking to explain the mental in terms of the physical that encompasses the physical sciences, the psychological and brain sciences, and philosophy. Redefining physicalism in this way improves upon previous reconstructive accounts while avoiding the indeterminacy associated with orthodox forms of futurist physicalism.
Phage Commander, an Application for Rapid Gene Identification in Bacteriophage Genomes Using Multiple Programs

The number of sequenced bacteriophage genomes is growing at an exponential rate. The majority of sequenced bacteriophage genomes are annotated by one or more of several freely available gene identi...
Risk-Adapted Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Findings from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Data from St. Jude Total Therapy Study XI were analyzed to identify clinical and biologic features with prognostic significance. Results of this analysis, along with information available in the literature, led us to redefine lower-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by the following features: DNA index between 1.16 and 1.60, or age 1-9 years plus white blood cell count (WBC)<50 x 109/1; absence of CNS leukemia, testicular leukemia, T-cell immunophenotype, and adverse genetic features (i.e., BCR-ABL [t(9; 22)], ALL-1-AF4 [t(4; 11)], or E2APBX1 [t(l; 19) in pre-B ALL]); and < 5% leukemic blasts in bone marrow aspirate on day 15 of remission induction. Based on these criteria, approximately 50% of newly diagnosed ALL cases would be classified to have lower-risk leukemia, and their projected long-term event-free survival approaches 90%. This new classification schema is being applied in our current risk-adapted clinical protocol for ALL (Study XIIIB).
The Structure of the Wind-Driven Circulation in the Subtropical South Pacific Ocean*

The structure of the wind-driven circulation in the subtropical South Pacific is studied using simple diagnostic and analytical models. The diagnostic calculation is based on the Levitus climatology. The analytical model is forced by observed winter mixed layer density and depth calculated from the Levitus climatology and by the surface wind stress data from the Hellerman and Rosenstein climatology. The wind-driven gyre in the South Pacific is relatively deep, reaching 2.4 km along the southern edge of the gyre. The gross feature of subduction obtained from both the data analysis and the analytical model is similar, with an annual ventilation rate of 21.6 Sv (Sv [ 106 m3 s21), including 18.1 Sv from vertical pumping and 3.5 Sv from lateral induction. Although the annual subduction rate in the South Pacific is comparable to that in the North Atlantic, lack of localized subduction leads to relatively weak mode water formation in the region where the East Australian Current separates from its western boundary. In addition, results from the analytical model indicate the existence of an isopycnal slope reversal in the southeastern Pacific.
The Mentoring Process for Feminist Therapists

Summary Empirical research and personal narratives highlight the important role of mentorship in the training of feminist schol ars and therapists. This article explores what we know (and don't know) about ferminist mentoring, particularly as it relates to the practice of feminist therapy. A personal narrative of one trainee' s experience of mentoring in her development as a feminist therapist follows. The article concludes with suggestions for other feminist therapy trainees.
Acute Catheter-Based Mechanical Circulatory Support

Procedural and technology-based advances in circulatory support have enabled an increased number of patients to receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Without these advances, many patients would not have been considered for the procedure because of their elevated risk for complications. This chapter describes transcatheter-based circulatory support devices in clinical use today as well as data that support their usage and suggested protocols.
Effects of the Traditional and Flipped Classrooms on Undergraduate Student Opinions and Success

AbstractThe flipped classroom is becoming increasingly popular at universities because of its perceived benefits in promoting active learning and decreasing educational costs. Studies have found positive benefits associated with flipped classrooms; however, many have failed to control for confounding factors. Examples of confounding factors include comparing courses taught by different instructors or across courses taught in different semesters using different quizzes. The objective of this paper is to compare the traditional and flipped classrooms in an undergraduate civil engineering course while controlling for potential confounding factors. The quasi-experimental study incorporates students’ online behaviors, in-class performance, office hour attendance, and responses to both attitudinal and behavioral questions to assess student opinions and learning outcomes. It was found that student performance on quizzes was not significantly different across the traditional and flipped classrooms. A key shortcom...
Gastric Telangiectasias in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A Report of Six Cases

Six cases of multiple gastric telangiectasias are reported in association with patients on chronic hemodialysis who were investigated for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. The pathogenesis of this lesion is unknown and it is potentially an important source of intestinal hemorrhage.
Characterization of Mechanotransensitivity of Articular Chondrocytes

Articular cartilage is a protective soft connective tissue lining the ends of bones in weight-bearing joints. It sustains numerous cycles of mechanical loading during normal joint activity. Recent studies showed that mechanical factors not only play a critical role in the pathology of cartilage, e.g. initiation of degenerative joint disease such as osteoarthritis (OA); but also influence the metabolic response of chondrocytes, the only cellular element of cartilage. One of the early events implicated in chondrocyte mechanotransduction is a transient increase of the intracellular Ca2+ ions. Our ultimate goal is to elucidate mechanotransduction mechanisms of chondrocytes both in healthy cartilage and in cartilage damaged by OA. Our objective of this study is to characterize the mechanical loading induced Ca2+ influx of chondrocytes, and to verify the key components contributing to chondrocytes' mechanosensitivity by using selected chemical compounds (Thapsigargin, GSK205, Ruthenium red, FM1-43, Cytochalasin-D, dynasore). Methodologically, we employ ratiometric calcium imaging, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and electrophysiology techniques. Our result reveals that chondrocytes are mechanosensitive cells. Typically, we observe individual chondrocytes taking up Ca2+ at ∼600 nM, where basal level of ∼100 nM Ca2+, in response to mechanical loading of ∼300 nN. The Ca2+ influx is mostly from extracellular rather than internal sources. In this meeting, we will introduce our combined measurement platform of AFM and Ca2+ imaging, and present detailed data of the molecular mechanisms governing mechanically-induced transient Ca2+ influx of chondrocytes.
Experimental genomics: The application of DNA microarrays in cellular and molecular biology studies

The genome sequence information in combination with DNA microarrays promises to revolutionze the way of cellular and molecular biological research by allowing complex mixtures of RNA and DNA to interrogated in a parallel and quantitative fashion. DNA microarrays can be used to measure levels of gene expression for tens of thousands of gene simultaneously and take advantage of all available sequence information for experimental design and data interpretation in pursuit of biological understanding. Recent progress in experimental genomics allows DNA microarrays not simply to provide a catalogue of all the genes and information about their function, but to understand how the components work together to comprise functioning cells and organisms. This brief review gives a survey of DNA microarrays technology and its applications in genome and gene function analysis, gene expression studies, biological signal and defense system, cell cycle regulation, mechanism of transcriptional regulation, proteomics, and the functionality of food component.
3-D imaging digital holographic microscopy using spectral phase shifting

An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) based 3-D imaging digital holographic microscopy using an equally spaced 5 arbitrary spectral phase shifting method is described. This method is expected to be applied for biological 3-D spectral imaging.