cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Spectroscopy with Ultrahigh Sensitivity for Image-Guided Surgery of Malignant Brain Tumors.

Intraoperative cancer imaging and fluorescence-guided surgery have attracted considerable interest because fluorescence signals can provide real-time guidance to assist a surgeon in differentiating cancerous and normal tissues. Recent advances have led to the clinical use of a natural fluorophore called protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) for image-guided surgical resection of high-grade brain tumors (glioblastomas). However, traditional fluorescence imaging methods have only limited detection sensitivity and identification accuracy and are unable to detect low-grade or diffuse infiltrating gliomas (DIGs). Here we report a low-cost hand-held spectroscopic device that is capable of ultrasensitive detection of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in vivo, together with intraoperative spectroscopic data obtained from both animal xenografts and human brain tumor specimens. The results indicate that intraoperative spectroscopy is at least 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the current surgical microscopes, allowing ultr...
Electrochemical Processes for Wastewater Purification Utilizing Fluidised Beds of Particles with Different Conductivity

Some fundamentals and applications of electrochemical systems containing 3—dimensional electrode systems with dynamic matrix, fluidized beds, consisting of particles possessing different conductivity, namely: nonconductive (glass or plastics), conductive (metal granules), semi-conductive (various carbon materials) and ion conductive (ion exchangers) are discussed. The principles of control of electrochemical processes in particulate beds are formulated. The advantages of the fluidised beds are demonstrated by application to water management.
Comment on Talen et al. (2015)

Emily Talen and her coauthors (2015) show that APA Great Neighborhoods have sound urban design but are also relatively expensive and homogenous. This result appears to hold across both space and ti...
Harnessing the Digital Lens to Measure and Manage Information Work

Revolutions in measurement inevitably revolutionize science and practice. Over 300 years ago, Anton van Leeuwenhoek developed a better microscope to verify thread counts on imported carpets. Using this new tool, he discovered microorganisms he called “animalcules” in drops of water and individual blood corpuscles in drops of blood. Biology and medicine have never been the same.Just as the microscope gave rise to the germ theory of disease and the remarkable advances that followed, our new-found ability to observe fine-grained information flows in electronic data portends a revolution in our understanding of information work. Managers who harness this new Digital Lens will uncover a wealth of insights into performance improvement for individuals, teams and organizations - insights that will ultimately affect the economy as a whole.In this article, we draw on our own research, and that of others, to describe tools and techniques for tracking information work in unprecedented detail. The result is a step change in our ability to manage information work and information workers. During the course of our research, we used these tools to uncover lessons for individuals on information novelty, workload and transformation, as well as for organizations on automation, decentralization, and incentives. Perhaps more importantly, this fine-grained view of work provides a toolkit for deriving new lessons, many of which will vary from company to company, but each of which will be grounded in detailed, actionable data.
Computer Control of Vehicles: Overcoming Limitations of Human Drivers

This paper describes lateral control of automobiles for automated highway systems and automated roll-rate control of front and rear-wheel steered bicycles. Computer control of these vehicles provides significantly better performance than manual steering, overcoming limitations of the human driver such as the reaction time, limited actuation bandwidth and limited capability in comprehending the object dynamics with large phase shifts and/or delays.
Angel Investing: A Report Prepared for the Federal Reserve Banks of Atlanta, Cleveland, Kansas City, Philadelphia and Richmond

This document summarizes the results of four focus groups conducted with angel investors. The goal of the focus groups was to provide information for research staff of the Federal Reserve Banks to develop hypotheses for future studies of angel investing. The author of this report conducted the focus groups, which took place during the summer of 2005 in Atlanta, Cleveland, Denver and Philadelphia.
Symposium: The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law

Despite its profound influence on contemporary legal philosophy, Joel Feinberg's magnum opus, The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, seems less well known than it should be among legal academics and lawyers, even including those with a special interest in criminal law. This symposium issue, containing articles by R.A. Duff, Hamish Stewart, Patricia Smith, Hugo Adam Bedau, Bernard E. Harcourt, Paul Roberts, Tatjana Hornle, and Peter Alldridge, and an introduction by Stuart Green, seeks to critique and extend Feinberg's work within the world of criminal law theory, doctrine, legislation, and practice. Among the issues dealt with by this international group of philosophers and academic lawyers are the differences between harmful conduct that is appropriate for criminalization and that which is not, the circumstances under which omissions should be criminalized, the relationship between Feinberg's harm principle and the justification for punishment, and the application of Feinberg's theory to the real world of criminal law reform, codification, and legislation involving matters such as money laundering, the defense of consent, and the criminalization of deeply offensive behavior such as obscenity, Holocaust denial, and desecration of corpses.
No one here gets out alive: Educational implications of duomining as aesthetic ground in psychological horror

AbstractConsidering works of Horror artistic manifestations of cultural nightmares, the author takes up the charge that dreams deserve a place in the study of curriculum. Utilizing an object-oriented approach to aesthetic and educational inquiry, the author first develops a theory of Horror that divides the genre into the distinct categories of Supernatural, Unnatural, Psychotic, and Psychological. Once this theory is established, the author unpacks the notion of duomining—a process in which objects are simultaneously reduced to mere collections of their components as well as reduced to their relations to other objects and as appearances-to-consciousness—and argues that this process provides the groundwork for horror in works of Psychological Horror, then further translating this sense of horror to the standardized classroom as well as the notion of a “student-centered” classroom.
Essence, Existence, and the Fall: Paul Tillich's Analysis Of Existence

Paul Tillich's theology is largely an attempt to interpret or at least illuminate Christian concepts by using ontological or philosophical concepts. An important part of Tillich's system is his treatment of sin and the fall, a treatment that is in effect an analysis of existence. But this analysis is beset with ambiguities and difficulties. It is my purpose here to clarify and to defend Tillich's existential analysis.
Astrocyte-Derived Pentraxin 3 Supports Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity Under Acute Phase of Stroke

Background and Purpose—Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is released on inflammatory responses in many organs. However, roles of PTX3 in brain are still mostly unknown. Here we asked whether and how PTX3 contribu...
Between Dishwater and the River

The ground of ecowomanist ethics is watered by multigenerational responses to racial and gender stereotypes in relation to communal knowledge of the land. This wisdom survived through centuries of violence and the daily lived experience of bigotry and abuse in a white supremacist world, and rests on pluralistic understandings of the sacred relationship between human and non-human nature. It remains today as part of the womanist call to accountability and spirit defined in Alice Walker’s writings. Emergent ecowomanist thought is uniquely situated to interrupt many of the stereotypes that serve to maintain a separation between black communities and environmental engagement. This article argues that a robust ecowomanist ethics should situate itself in the interplay between ecojustice and environmental justice approaches to environmental devastation. It draws on the poem “No Images,” written by William Waring Cuney at the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance period, centering on the lived experiences of black women as expressed through black women’s musical appropriations of his work. The clear lamentation and grief interwoven between the words of this short poem are given new life in the voices of Nina Simone and Ysaye Maria Barnwell with the women of Sweet Honey in the Rock. Engaging questions of environmental ethics through the lens of black women’s lived experiences of agency and struggle can create a theological foundation for ecowomanist thought that promotes the preservation of both nature and human dignity.
Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with seizure disorders.

PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of proton MR spectroscopy to detect metabolic abnormalities in the seizure focus of humans with epilepsy. METHODS Single-voxel MR spectroscopy and MR imaging was performed in a group of 13 patients with a variety of seizure disorders and in the temporal lobes of 14 healthy volunteers. Signals from choline, creatine, N-acetyl-L-aspartate, and lactate were quantitated in both the epileptogenic focus and the contralateral brain region. RESULTS In normal temporal lobe, concentrations of choline, creatine, and N-acetyl-L-aspartate were 2.0 +/- 0.7, 7.8 +/- 1.9, and 11.0 +/- 2.1 mumol/g wet weight, respectively, with no detectable lactate. In all patients, a reduction in the N-acetyl-L-aspartate signal was observed in the electrically defined (scalp electroencephalogram) seizure focus compared with the mirror-image contralateral side. Lactate was elevated only in patients who had seizures during or immediately before the MR examination. Seven of 13 patients studied had normal MR examinations. CONCLUSIONS Proton spectroscopy demonstrates alterations in N-acetyl-L-aspartate and lactate levels that can be used to locate the epileptogenic focus and may be a useful adjunctive diagnostic technique for the evaluation of patients with seizures who are eligible for resective surgery.
The evolution of medical imaging from qualitative to quantitative: opportunities, challenges, and approaches (Conference Presentation)

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing focus on quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs), which are defined as “objectively measured characteristics derived from in vivo images as indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or response to a therapeutic intervention”1. To evolve qualitative imaging assessments to the use of QIBs requires the development and standardization of data acquisition, data analysis, and data display techniques, as well as appropriate reporting structures. As such, successful implementation of QIB applications relies heavily on expertise from the fields of medical physics, radiology, statistics, and informatics as well as collaboration from vendors of imaging acquisition, analysis, and reporting systems. When successfully implemented, QIBs will provide image-derived metrics with known bias and variance that can be validated with anatomically and physiologically relevant measures, including treatment response (and the heterogeneity of that response) and outcome. Such non-invasive quantitative measures can then be used effectively in clinical and translational research and will contribute significantly to the goals of precision medicine. This presentation will focus on 1) outlining the opportunities for QIB applications, with examples to demonstrate applications in both research and patient care, 2) discussing key challenges in the implementation of QIB applications, and 3) providing overviews of efforts to address such challenges from federal, scientific, and professional organizations, including, but not limited to, the RSNA, NCI, FDA, and NIST. 1Sullivan, Obuchowski, Kessler, et al. Radiology, epub August 2015.
Determination of folic acidin fortified foods by high performance liquid chromatography with post-column photochemical derivatization

Objective To establish a method for the determination of folic acid in fortified foods by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) with post-column photochemical derivatization. Methods Chromatographic separation was carried out using a SunFire C18column( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm). The mobile phases was acetonitrile and50 mmol /L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution( pH = 5. 0) with an optimized gradient elution. Post-column photochemical derivatization of folic acid was under UV-light irradiation at 254 nm. The fluorescence detection was performed with the excitation at 344 nm and the emission at 428 nm. Results The linear range was 0. 01-2. 0 μg /ml,r = 0. 999 9. The limit of detection( LOD) was 0. 01 μg /g and the limit of quantification( LOQ) was 0. 03 μg /g. The average recoveries were 90. 0%-98. 0% and the RSD of the method was less than 5%. Conclusion The method was simple,rapid,accurate,reproducible,and suitable for the determination of folic acid in fortified foods.
An Analysis of Malignant Tumor Mortality Among Residents in Cixi City from 1999 to 2008

[Purpose] To investigate the mortality of malignant tumor among residents in Cixi city. [Methods] Cancer death data from 1999 to 2008 were collected and coded by International Classification Code. [Results] The mortality of malignant tumor among residents in Cixi city increased from 1999 to 2008, with average mortality 182.39/105, Chinese standardized mortality 168.11/105. The mortality of malignant tumor in male was higher than that in female with sex ratio of 2.06∶1. Malignancy had the highest mortality among all causes of death, in which the top three death causes of malignant tumor were sequentially lung cancer, liver cancer and gastric cancer, these accounted for 72.83% of the total cancer death. [Conclusion] Malignancy has become a major cause of death in Cixi city, with increasing mortality. It is necessary to strengthen education and awareness for cancer prevention.
Mechanism of the antiproteinuric effect of indomethacin in nephrotic humans.

To elucidate the mechanisms by which indomethacin lowers proteinuria, we studied 20 patients with the nephrotic syndrome. We performed differential macromolecule clearances before and after 3 days of therapy (150 mg/24 h). The fractional clearances of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) decreased by 42 +/- 7 and 44 +/- 10%, respectively (P less than 0.05). Separation of IgG into fractions by preparative electrofocusing in eight selected individuals revealed a proportionate reduction of fractional clearances among anionic (pI = 5.0), neutral (pI = 7.5), and cationic species (pI = 8.5) of IgG. Indomethacin elevated the fractional clearance of uncharged dextrans of radius 28-44 A, while depressing those of dextrans of radius 50-60 A. A heteroporous model that depicts the major portion of the glomerular capillary wall as an isoporous membrane (pore radius = 56 A) and the minor portion as a nondiscriminatory shunt, revealed the former to be unchanged and the latter to be less prominent following indomethacin. A lower fraction of total filtrate volume permeating the shunt, together with a concomitant lowering of overall glomerular filtration rate by 24%, reduced the absolute rate of flux of macromolecule-rich fluid through the shunt pathway from 0.40 to 0.25 ml.min-1.73(-2) (P less than 0.01). We conclude that indomethacin lowered the filtered protein load by restoring barrier size-selectivity while reducing the rate of glomerular ultrafiltration.
Fundamental Genetics: RNA Synthesis 1: Transcription

Overview Every gene has a single role: to encode RNA via transcription . Transcription is the synthesis of a single strand of RNA – a transcript – whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to a portion of a gene. As molecular processes go, transcription is highly regulated, moderately accurate, and, once started, fast-paced. Transcription is performed by a small troop of large proteins, chief among which is RNA polymerase . RNA polymerase uses the template strand of DNA to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA in a 5′ to 3′ direction. Transcription is a play in four acts: (1) binding of RNA polymerase to a gene's promoter , (2) initiation of the RNA chain, (3) elongation of the RNA chain, and (4) termination of transcription. In many cases, RNA synthesis does not end with transcription, because some transcripts are processed into mature RNAs by enzymatic modifications. The next chapter describes posttranscriptional processing. Polymerization Reaction The key chemical reaction in RNA polymerization is an esterification, in which the α phosphate of ribonucleotide triphosphate (NTP) is added to the 3′ oxygen of the growing polynucleotide chain, yielding a lengthened chain plus diphosphate. The substrates for the reaction are the four NTPs: ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP. Synthesis of an RNA molecule begins at its 5′ end, proceeds by adding one nucleotide at a time, and stops at its 3′-OH end. RNA polymerase catalyzes the polymerization reaction (Figure 7.1).
Black Swan/White Raven: the racial politics of Elizabeth Greenfield’s American concert career, 1851–1855

ABSTRACTIn 1851, the former slave turned singer Elizabeth Greenfield traveled from her home of Philadelphia to Buffalo, New York, to pursue a career as a concert singer. This article explores the terms and reception of Greenfield’s tours of the northern United States and Upper Canada in the early 1850s, where she performed before predominantly white audiences. While white critics celebrated Greenfield in highly racialized terms as an untrained natural wonder, black activists like Frederick Douglass focused on the racist management of her career and criticized Greenfield for the segregation of her concerts. Told through analysis of reviews and promotional literature, the story of Greenfield’s early career makes visible the race and gender politics operating at the intersection of popular entertainment and black movements for racial uplift and equality in the antebellum North.
In-Game Minecraft Quests for Elementary Education

As elementary school students become more tech-savvy, they may expect more out of an education presentation. This paper presents methods to modify a popular game, Minecraft, to include educational elements. Two specific modifications demonstrating math concepts were completed and shown to adults. Surveys indicate that Minecraft playing adults feel the additional elements included in these modifications could be beneficial to students.
Contribuições de João Batista de La Salle para a constituição da escola moderna

The pedagogical contribution of Jean-Baptiste de la Salle to teachers´ formation and the comprehensiveness of primary education in the Western World are analyzed especially in the wake of few academic studies on the Christian Brothers´ pedagogical tradition in Brazil. Current paper is foregrounded on a critical reading of La Salle´s writings and contemporary comments on his pedagogical proposal and demonstrates the manner the French educator faced his countries´ educational issues between the 17 th and 18 th centuries and, consequently, his contribution towards the constitution of the modern school. The paper forwards suggestions for future research work which will surely overcome the ‘eloquent silence’ currently observed.
Clinical Impact of Blood Culture Results in Acutely Ill Hospitalized Adult Patients With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Blood cultures are obtained clinically to confirm site and source of acute infection as well as to guide effective antibiotic therapies. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk for blood stream infection (BSI) as identified from positive blood culture results. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of 190 adult CF patients from January 1, 2001 through December 1, 2015. All positive blood culture results were identified as to clinical relevance and source of BSI. Results: There were a total of 3,053 blood cultures. One hundred fifty-one positive blood cultures were considered pathogenic and clinically significant. Venous access device-related BSI was identified in 31 evaluable patients and 106 blood cultures. Nineteen patients and 45 positive blood cultures were attributable to organ-specific sources. Conclusion: Two patterns of BSI were identified: 1) venous access device infections without causal mortality and 2) organ-specific site infections with associated 26% mortality. J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(12):859-862 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2764w
Modeling and testing of a knitted-sleeve fluidic artificial muscle

The knitted-sleeve fluidic muscle is similar in design to a traditional McKibben muscle, with a separate bladder and sleeve. However, in place of a braided sleeve, it uses a tubular-knit sleeve made from a thin strand of flexible but inextensible yarn. When the bladder is pressurized, the sleeve expands by letting the loops of fiber slide past each other, changing the dimensions of the rectangular cells in the stitch pattern. Ideally, the internal volume of the sleeve would reach a maximum when its length has contracted by 2/3 from its maximum length, and although this is not reachable in practice, preliminary tests show that free contraction greater than 50% is achievable. The motion relies on using a fiber with a low coefficient of friction in order to reduce hysteresis to an acceptable level. In addition to increased stroke length, potential advantages of this technique include slower force drop-off during the stroke, more useable energy in certain applications, and greater similarity to the force–length relationship of skeletal muscle. Its main limitation is its potentially greater effect from friction compared to other fluidic muscle designs.
Notions of Home and Sense of Belonging in the Context of Migration in a Journey Through Participatory Photography

The question of where is home is especially difficult for migrants, who live in a place different than their place of origin, and particularly for undocumented migrants, who don’t have any legal recognition or rights and constantly risk being detained and deported. Through participatory photography and interviews, a process we called Fotohistorias, we explored human experiences in relation to migration in the US (the North), at the US-Mexico border (the border), and in Colombia (the South). Along with a reflection on the methodology on both researchers’ work and participants’ empowerment, this paper reports on outcomes related to the notions of home and sense of belonging that emerged in the experiences shared by migrants in those three settings. They evidence different notions of “what is home” as well as “where do I belong,” reflecting the different degrees of transience and impermanence in the everyday experiences of migrants.
ELLIPSOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE THERMAL STABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Thermal stability is an important characteristic of alternative fuels that must be evaluated before they can be used in aviation engines. Thermal stability refers to the degree to which a fuel breaks down when it is heated prior to combustion. This characteristic is of great importance to the effectiveness of the fuel as a coolant and to the engine's combustion performance. The thermal stability of Sasol IPK, a synthetic alternative to Jet-A, with varying levels of naphthalene has been studied on aluminum and stainless steel substrates at 300 to 400 °C. This was conducted using a spectroscopic ellipsometer to measure the thickness of deposits left on the heated substrates. Ellipsometry is an optical technique that measures the changes in a light beam's polarization and intensity after it reflects from a thin film to determine the film's physical and optical properties. It was observed that, as would be expected, increasing the temperature minimally increased the deposit thickness for a constant concentration of naphthalene on both substrates. The repeatability of these measurements was verified using multiple trials at identical test conditions. Lastly, the effect of increasing the naphthalene concentration at a constant temperature was found to also minimally increase the deposit thickness.
Identification of Risk Factors in Lymphatic Surgeries for Melanoma: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Review.

Introduction Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and lymphadenectomy (LAD) are commonly performed in the staging and care of patients with malignant melanoma. These procedures are accompanied by complications that may result in hospital readmission, negatively affecting patient outcomes and potentially affecting surgical procedure reimbursement. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database offers a large data set allowing physicians to evaluate 30-day readmission for surgical complications. We used this database to explore predictors of 30-day hospital readmission for SLNB and LAD in the axillary, cervical, and inguinal regions. Methods Data from the years 2005 to 2014 of the American College of Surgeons NSQIP database were used. Cohorts were constructed according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, classification and current procedural terminology codes. The outcome of 30-day return to hospital was defined as patients who were readmitted to the hospital or the operating room within 30 days. Multiple logistic regression results are presented for a prespecified set of predictors and predictors that were significant on univariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using maximum likelihood estimates, along with Wald test P values. Results A total of 3006 patients were included. Of those, 151 (5.0%) returned to the hospital. Among 1235 LAD patients, 65 (5.3%) returned; among 1771 SLNB patients, 86 (4.9%) returned. Smoking was a predictor of hospital readmission for overall SLNB and for cervical SLNB on multivariate analysis. Age was a significant predictor for cervical and inguinal LAD. Hypertension was significant for cervical LAD. Diabetes, preoperative hematocrit, and male sex were predictors for inguinal SLNB. There were no significant predictors for axillary SLNB and axillary LAD, as well as overall LAD procedures. Conclusions This is the first and largest study using American College of Surgeons NSQIP to examine 30-day readmission after SLNB and LAD for melanoma in 3 commonly operated anatomical regions. We have found several significant risk factors associated with hospital readmission, which are now being used as a quality measure for hospital performance and reimbursement, that may help surgeons optimize patient selection for SLNB and LAD.
Bone marrow cell-mediated cardiac regeneration a veritable revolution.

The birth of modern science was ushered in by the great intellectual revolution that occurred during the Renaissance, when irreverent thinkers began to question centuries-old dogmas imposed on the populace by an establishment of savants intent on maintaining their supremacy. The proclivity of
Computational toxicology methods in chemical library design and high-throughput screening hit validation

The discovery of molecular toxicity in a clinical drug candidate can have a significant impact on both the cost and timeline of the drug discovery process. Early identification of potentially toxic compounds during screening library preparation or, alternatively, during the hit validation process, is critical to ensure that valuable time and resources are not spent pursuing compounds that may possess a high propensity for human toxicity. This chapter focuses on the application of computational molecular filters, applied either prescreening or postscreening, to identify and remove known reactive and/or potentially toxic compounds from consideration in drug discovery campaigns.
New Insights Into Optimal Timing of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment for Dialysis Patients Waitlisted for Kidney Transplant.

Direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has introduced a dilemma for kidney transplantation in infected patients: Pursue an HCV cure first, or accept an HCV-infected d...
Discrepency Between Evidence and Theory of Myoglobin S02 in Work

Gayeski, Federspiel and Honig [11] showed that myoglobin Po2 during maximum electrically stimulated exercise in dog gracilis muscle fell as low as 1 torr, but usually was limited to 3–5 torr, and was remarkably uniform, suggesting that much of the diffusion gradient for 02 was between red cells and myocytes. Myoglobin is 50% saturated at about 4 torr, pH = 7, and has no Bohr effect. Its dissociation curve is a single exponential. In recent experiments Richardson et al. [2], using 1H MRS quantification of the quadriceps myoglobin.signal with one leg exercise in human volunteers, indicated that SMb02 fell with mild exercise (25% Vo2max) to about 50%, but remained at that level at four higher work levels (approaching Vo2max).
Facilitating Video-Based Professional Development: Planning and Orchestrating Productive Discussions

Video has become increasingly popular in professional development (PD) to help teachers both learn subject matter for teaching and systematically analyze instructional practice. Like other records of practice, video brings the central activities of teaching into the PD setting, providing an opportunity for teachers to collaboratively study their practice without being physically present in the classroom. In this chapter, we explore how video representations of teaching can be used to guide teachers’ inquiries into teaching and learning in an intentional and focused way. We draw primarily from our experiences developing and field-testing two video-based mathematics PD programs, Learning and Teaching Geometry (LTG) and the Problem-Solving Cycle (PSC), and preparing PD facilitators using those programs to lead video-based discussions. On the basis of evidence from these projects, we argue that PD leaders can guide teachers to examine critical aspects of learning and instruction through the purposeful selection and use of video footage. Furthermore, we use data from the LTG and PSC projects to build a chain of evidence demonstrating that video-based PD can support improvements in teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching, their instructional practices, and, ultimately, student learning.
Montague’s Intensional Logic

Up to this point we have treated tense and other modal operators syncategorematically, i.e., we have not defined a denotation for the symbol F directly, but only a denotation of the whole expression Fo in terms of the interpretation of the expression o. Now let us consider the question whether we can assign a denotation separately to F in such a way that the denotation of Fo can be determined entirely on the basis of the denotation of F and the denotation of o. (This would parallel the way in which we gave a denotation for it-is-not-the-case-that in L0E in such a way that the denotation of it-is-not-the-case-that o was the result of applying the function denoted by it-is-not-the-case-that to the denotation of o.) However, this simply cannot be done for F because the denotation of o is a truth value, yet the truth value of Fo is independent of the truth value of o. Fo may be true at a given time whether or not o is true at that time; the same is true of formulas of the form Po. To bring the point home for natural languages, consider (6–1) and (6–2) versus (6–3) and (6–4) (examples cited by Thomason 1974a, to establish the same point): (6–1) Iceland is covered with a glacier. (6–2) Africa is covered with a glacier. (6–3) Iceland was (once) covered with a glacier. (6–4) Africa was (once) covered with a glacier.
Conformational Flexibility in Immunoglobulins

The application of crystallographic techniques to Fab, Fc, and light-chain components of immunoglobulins has provided a three-dimensional framework for interpreting chemical and biological observations like those summarized by Metzger in the next chapter (p. 119) (Poljak et al.,1974, 1976; Segal et al.,1974; Padian et al.,1974; Davies et al., 1975; Deisenhofer et al., 1976; Epp et al., 1974; Fehlhammer et al.,1975; Wang et al., 1975; Schiffer et al., 1973; Edmundson et al., 1975). These high-resolution analyses have been supplemented by low-resolution studies of intact IgG1 and IgG2 immunoglobulins (Sarma et al., 1971; Silverton et al.,1977; Colman et al., 1976; Edmundson et al.,1970; Ely et al.,1978a; Colman et al.,unpublished data). The structures of immunoglobulin components are well described in the above articles and they will not be discussed in detail in the present report. Instead, we shall concentrate on recent crystallographic work relating to the capacities of immunoglobulins to assume different conformations.
The Development of the Liberal Tradition, Part 1

In his criticism of the traditional fashion in which economics has been taught, Robert Heilbroner has suggested the weakness of stressing either abstract principles of the market or the general flow of events, set apart from any analytic framework. In his study, The Making of Economic Society, he attempts to pursue a more fruitful approach:In our discussion of the development of the liberal tradition, we attempt to follow a similar approach, that is, we attempt to analyze a complex historical transition—or series of transitions—in terms of an explicit analytic framework. Two notions are central to this framework. The first I term “the problem of community” and the second “the world revolution.” I have discussed both—and particularly “the problem of community”—at much greater length elsewhere, but a preliminary explanation of the meaning I shall attach to them is a prerequisite for the presentation of the historical account. For this essay is an attempt to survey a complex historical development in terms of an explicit analytic framework. Thus, to begin with, a word about the “the problem of community” and “the world revolution.”
Obligations III: Cultural Immersion, Difference and Categories in US Comparative Law

Appreciating each legal culture according to that culture’s own perspective implies a readiness to concede that the standards by which one measures law and legality in one’s own culture need not be universally valid, and that the acculturation one has received in one’s own system colors and limits one’s vision and understanding. Immersion comparison need implies the need to be open to all differences beneath the surface, and even in spite of surface similarities, as well as the possibility of differences at the most fundamental level. We struggle today with deciding if laws and legal arguments should be gender and color-blind, at the risk of failing to validate circumstances and characteristics unique to women and racial minorities. Should laws and legal arguments make gender and color distinctions, or perpetuate dangerous stereotypes of inequality in that manner? Those legal theories, such as feminist and critical race theory, that have brought these issues to the attention of American law schools, share origins of marginalization, exclusion and exile with comparative law and with the emigre-comparitists. They do not only emanate from, and reflect, marginalized populations, but also generally suffer from marginalization within the academic curriculum of law schools. The insights they have provided into the constitution of our legal system stem in part from the greater facility that an outside observer may have in detecting features of a legal culture so entrenched and unquestioned as to be taken for granted by the insiders.
[Preparedness for natural disasters among older US adults: a nationwide survery].

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine natural disaster preparedness levels among older US adults and assess factors that may adversely affect health and safety during such incidents. METHODS: We sampled adults aged 50 years or older (n = 1 304) from the 2010 interview survey of the Health and Retirement Study. The survey gathered data on general demographic characteristics, disability status or functional limitations, and preparedness-related factors and behaviors. We calculated a general disaster preparedness score by using individual indicators to assess overall preparedness. RESULTS: Participant (n = 1 304) mean age was 70 years (SD = 9.3). Only 34.3% reported participating in an educational program or reading materials about disaster preparation. Nearly 15% reported using electrically powered medical devices that might be at risk in a power outage. The preparedness score indicated that increasing age, physical disability, and lower educational attainment and income were independently and significantly associated with worse overall preparedness. CONCLUSIONS: Despite both greater vulnerability to disasters and continuous growth in the number of older US adults, many of the substantial problems discovered are remediable and require attention in the clinical, public health, and emergency management sectors of society. Language: es
Chapter 5 – Concepts and Complexities of Population Genetics

The concepts of population genetics and evolution seem simple from an abstract, academic perspective, but in reality, nature is too heterogeneous and dynamic to allow science to be so easy. To provide a reference scenario, we describe evolution by natural selection in patchy landscapes without consideration of pest density. Complications involving a variety of ecological processes are discussed. We describe random genetic drift and demographic Allee effects on evolution. We explore the complexities of genetic architecture for arthropods that evolve resistance. The roles of selection intensity, gene interaction, fitness costs, and dominance (expression of resistance) are presented. Even though most research has been on diploid arthropods, many species can be haplo-diploid (males are haploid, females are diploid). The relationship between generation time and resistance evolution is evaluated. We emphasize the importance of temporal and spatial scales for hypotheses and recommendations regarding evolution of resistance.
Antibiotic tolerance, persistence, and resistance of the evolved minimal cell, Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-Syn3B

Abstract Antibiotic persisters are a small subpopulation of bacteria that tolerate antibiotics due to a physiologically dormant state. As a result, this phenomenon (persistence) is considered a major contributor to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant and relapsing infections. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of persistence are still unclear. To examine the key mechanisms of persistence, we used the synthetically developed minimal cell Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-Syn3B; the genome contains One Sentence Summary Essential genes are sufficient for antibiotic tolerance and persistence in the minimal cell.
Enrichment of genomic pathways based on differential DNA methylation profiles associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults: An exploratory study.

Our study aimed to identify differentially methylated CpGs/regions and their enriched genomic pathways associated with underlying chronic musculoskeletal pain in older individuals. We recruited cog...
Relationships between balance and physical fitness variables in firefighter recruits.

BACKGROUND Research has suggested that balance ability contributes to musculoskeletal injury (MSKI) rates in firefighters. Though the Y-Balance Test (YBT) can predict injury, it is unclear what physical measures inform YBT performance in firefighters. Thus, there is a lack of knowledge regarding best practice for improving balance in firefighters. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the YBT and fitness measures, including body composition, aerobic capacity, functional total-body power, upper and lower-body strength, and movement efficiency, among firefighters. METHODS Dynamic balance (YBT), body mass index (BMI), body-fat percentage (BF%), fat free mass (FFM), aerobic capacity (VO2max), stair climb (SC), upper (1RMbench) and lower-body (1RMsquat) strength, and Fusionetics™ Movement Efficiency Screen (ME) measures were collected among 35 firefighter recruits. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between YBT and the performance measures. RESULTS Dynamic balance ability in firefighter recruits is significantly (p < 0.05) related to BMI, lower-body strength, and movement quality, but not with aerobic capacity, stair climb performance, and upper body strength. CONCLUSIONS Greater YBT performance in firefighter recruits is associated with lower BMI, greater functional movement, and greater lower-body strength. Future research is warranted to incorporate these elements into balance training programs for firefighter recruits.
Predictors of perioperative bleeding in left ventricular assist device implantation

Abstract Study objective Early bleeding is a common source of morbidity associated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Our objective was to identify potential predictors of peri-implant bleeding. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of LVAD implants at our institution between January 2010 and November 2018. A total of 210 patients were included. Data were collected for the duration of implant hospitalization, including perioperative invasive hemodynamics, echocardiography and operative details, antiplatelet and anticoagulant use, bleeding events and blood product use, and thromboembolic events. Peri-operative bleeding was defined as a transfusion requirement of >4 units of packed red blood cells in the intraoperative and first 7 days postoperative period, or a major 7-day post-implant overt bleeding event requiring procedural intervention. Results Perioperative bleeding occurred in 32% of patients and required surgical re-exploration in 9%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified history of previous sternotomy (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.29 to 5.35, p-value 0.008), preoperative glomerular filtration rate 13 mm Hg (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.67, p-value 0.014) and concomitant tricuspid valve repair (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.01, p-value 0.011) as independent predictors of perioperative bleeding. In-hospital thromboembolic events occurred in 5% of patients, but there were no significant predictors for them. Conclusions Elevated right atrial pressure appears to be a reversible risk factor for early bleeding that should be targeted during pre-implant optimization of LVAD candidates.
Necrolytic Acral Erythema

Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) was first described in 1996, and the first case in the United States was reported in 2000. This skin condition is widely recognized as an early cutaneous marker of hepatitis C (HCV), although cases of NAE without HCV are recently reported. NAE has similar findings to other necrolytic erythemas and likewise can be initially misinterpreted as psoriasis. However, the etiology and its mostly acral predilection are two unique and distinguishable features of this skin condition. Clinical state and chronology of the lesion determines characteristic findings upon the biopsy. Early lesion might resemble nummular eczema, while in a fully developed form, it acquires psoriasiform look. Pathophysiology of NAE is multifactorial and primarily involves behavior of concurrent HCV, liver metabolism of zinc, and local cutaneous zinc deficiency. Multiple therapies of NAE were previously suggested with zinc supplementation showing the most promising results even in patients without systemic zinc deficiency.
Genome-wide transcriptional changes associated with allopolyploidy and fiber domestication in cotton (Gossypium spp. L.)

iv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Description of Research Objectives 1 Dissertation Organization 4 Literature Cited 4 CHAPTER 2. GENOMIC EXPRESSION DOMINANCE IN ALLOPOLYPLOIDS 6 Abstract 6 Introduction 7 Materials and Methods 8 Results and Discussion 11 Figures and Tables 17 Literature Cited 24 CHAPTER 3. GENE EXPRESSION IN DEVELOPING FIBERS OF UPLAND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) WAS MASSIVELY ALTERED BY DOMESTICATION 29 Abstract 29 Introduction 30 Materials and Methods 33 Results 37 Discussion 42 Figures and Tables 56 Literature Cited 65 CHAPTER 4. EXPRESSION EVOLUTION UNDER INDEPENDENT DOMESTICATION OF THREE COTTON (GOSSYPIUM) SPECIES 77 Abstract 77 Introduction 78 Materials and Methods 82 Results 85 Discussion 87 Figures and Tables 100 Literature Cited 108 CHAPTER 5. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 115
Functional roles of Glu-269 and Glu-325 within the lactose permease of Escherichia coli.

Acidic residues which are found on transmembrane segments within the lactose permease may play an important role in H+ and/or sugar recognition. To examine the functional roles of Glu-269 and Glu-325, we have constructed a variety of amino acid substitutions (e.g. aspartate, glycine, alanine, serine, or glutamine) via site-directed mutagenesis. At position 269, all mutations appear to have a detrimental effect on sugar affinity, downhill transport, and counterflow. The Asp-269 mutant was able to accumulate lactose against a concentration gradient, whereas all of the nonionizable substitutions at position 269 were completely defective. Nevertheless, in spite of their inability to actively accumulate sugars, Gly-269, Ala-269, and Gln-269 mutants were observed to transport H+ upon the addition of galactosides. Mutations at position 325 had a markedly different phenotype. For example, the Asp-325, Gly-325, and Gln-325 mutants exhibited an apparent Km for lactose transport (e.g. 0.21, 0.47, and 0.50 mM, respectively), which was actually lower than that of the wild-type strain (1.44 mM). In counterflow assays, all position 325 mutants also appear to catalyze lactose exchange. Similar to the results obtained at position 269, the Asp-325 mutant exhibited moderate levels of accumulation, whereas none of the nonionizable mutations at position 325 were able to accumulate galactosides against a concentration gradient. However, unlike the position 269 mutants, no H+ transport was observed in the Gly-325, Ala-325, Ser-325, or Gln-325 strains upon the addition of lactose, S-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,1)-beta-thiogalactopyranoside, 1-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, or melibiose. Furthermore, in these mutants, the efflux of lactose during counterflow assays became insensitive to delta pH. Overall, these results are consistent with the notion that an acidic residue at position 325 is required for H+ transport via the lactose permease. Alternative hypotheses are also discussed.
Lexical Decomposition and Comparative Structures for Japanese Determiners

For very valuable comments, I am very much grateful to the audiences at UConn Ling Lunch, The annual Southern New England Workshop in Semantics (UConn), SALT16 (The University of Tokyo). Special thanks go to Jonathan Bobaljik, Jon Gajewski, Makoto Kanazawa, Naho Kobayashi, Kimiko Nakanishi, Toshiko Oda, Barbara Partee, Maribel Romero, Uli Sauerland, Yael Sharvit, Reiko Shimamura, William Snyder, Christopher Tancredi, Satoshi Tomioka, and Susi Wurmbrand for their helpful and thought provoking feedback. All errors are of course mine. -no of ooku-no and takusan-no can be omitted. Traditionally, ooku and takusan have been assumed as manner adverbs. We will put aside these variant forms in this paper.
New Estimates of Quality of Life in Urban Areas

Implicit markets capture compensation for intraurban and interregional differe nces in amenities and yield differences in housing prices and wages. These pecuniary differences become preference-based weights in a qual ity-of-life index. Hedonic equations are estimated using microdata fr om the 1980 Census and assembled county-based amenity data on climati c, environmental, and urban conditions. Ranking of 253 urban counties reveals substantial variation within, as well as among, the 185 urba n areas. The quality-of-life differences across counties within one S MSA is almost one-half of the difference between the top- and bottom- ranked counties in the nation. Copyright 1988 by American Economic Association.