cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical and biophysical evaluation of variable bipolar configurations during radiofrequency ablation for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

Background Bipolar radiofrequency ablation (bRFA) has been used to create larger ablation lesions and to treat refractory arrhythmias. However, little is known about optimal bRFA settings. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate various bRFA settings, including active and ground catheter tip orientation and use of variable active and ground catheters during bRFA. Methods Two ablation catheters, 1 active and 1 ground, were oriented across from each other, with viable bovine myocardium in between. The catheter tips were placed in various combinations perpendicular or parallel to the myocardium. The active catheter was either a 3.5-mm externally irrigated or 8-mm tip, and the ground catheter was either a 4-mm, 3.5-mm irrigated, or 8-mm tip. Retrospective analysis was undertaken for all bRFA performed at University of Colorado. Results The largest and deepest lesions were produced using irrigated active and ground tips, oriented perpendicularly. In 14 cases (10 patients) of bRFA for ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular complexes, acute success was achieved in 13 of 14 procedures. Long-term success was achieved in 7 of 10 patients, but 3 patients required multiple bRFA ablations. Conclusion Active and ground catheter tip orientation and type are important determinants of lesion sizes during bRFA. The largest and deepest lesions, without a higher incidence of steam pops, were achieved using 2 irrigated catheters. As the largest published series to date, bRFA ablation can be performed safely and effectively in humans. Larger studies are necessary to better evaluate bRFA efficacy and safety.
NCAA Website Coverage: An Analysis of Similar Sport Team Gender Coverage on Athletic Department’s Home Web Pages

Since the implementation of Title IX, women have received increasing educational participation opportunities within the intercollegiate athletic setting (Student-athlete, 2006). While female athletic participation rates are at an all-time high in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Sports, 2006), some additional concerns arise when focusing on promotional media coverage provided to women on athletic departments’ home Web pages. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the coverage (advertisement, article, multimedia, and photograph) provided to similar sport teams on intercollegiate athletic websites during an academic year. Despite the fact that women’s softball teams consistently received less coverage than men’s baseball teams, the results illustrated that men’s and women’s similar sport teams receive comparable coverage allocations on intercollegiate athletic department’s home Web pages. The implications of the findings are discussed in depth in the paper.
Tax Reform and Incentives to Encourage Owner-Occupied Housing: Analysis of the President's Tax Reform Panel Recommendation to Convert the Mortgage Interest Deduction to a Tax Credit

Public policy designed to encourage home ownership has operated primarily through the federal income tax system in the United States. With multiple incentives for home-ownership, the income tax system is the main tool by which the federal government encourages families to become home-owners and accumulate wealth in the form of real estate. Recent policy debate over reform of the tax system has questioned whether a mainstay of this system, the mortgage interest deduction (MID), is the best way to accomplish the stated objective. Last year the President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform recommended converting the MID into a 15% tax credit subject to regional caps related to median house prices, touching off a vigorous public debate on the importance of the MID. The purpose of this paper is to examine economic implications of that recommendation. We model how switching from the MID to a credit would affect housing finance choices between debt and equity and show how these changes would have changed the tax benefits for various households. Furthermore, we simulate the number of mortgage originations in 2004 (the most recent year which data is available) that would have been subject to the caps in the Panel's recommendation, and we identify the specific urban housing markets that would have been most severely affected. Finally, we conclude with policy discussion of the proposed credit alternative.
Maintaining airway integrity after lung transplantation—Could an ounce of prevention be worth a pound of cure?

See Related Article, page 157 Bronchial anastomotic complications of varying degrees are relatively common after lung transplantation, with some reports estimating that up to one fifth of patients will be affected. However, the scope of this problem and its clinical impact are difficult to assess. The incidence of airway complications after lung transplantation in single-center studies has been reported to range from 7% to 18%, with an associated 2% to 4% mortality rate. In contrast, in a recent analysis of data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), the incidence of airway complications after transplant was found to be only 1.4%. The variability in reported incidence of airway complications and associated mortality may relate to differences in definition, as well as to the era of transplantation reported on and the related evolution in surgical and medical management techniques. Just as the scope of the problem remains difficult to define, so is the impact of airway complications. Although some lung transplant recipients have relatively minor airway issues, noted incidentally on surveillance examination, others will be faced with significant airway complications requiring interventions with associated substantial morbidity risk. Although eventual resolution is the most common outcome, serial interventions are often required. In one study, a 44% failure rate of serial balloon dilation was noted, and endobronchial stent placement was associated with a decreased mortality risk when compared with balloon dilation. However, stent complication rates can exceed 17%. Stent migration and granulation tissue are known
Inorganic nanoparticles as antioxidants

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a critical role in many degenerative diseases and in aging. Nanomaterials, especially modified fullerenes and cerium oxide nanoparticles, have been shown to effectively protect mammalian cells against damage caused by increased reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, likely through their direct reaction with superoxide radical, since each of these materials has been shown to act as effective superoxide dismutase mimetics in vitro. The redox ability of rare earth oxides (ceria, lanthanides, etc) has been used in a wide range of applications such as three way catalysis, oxygen buffer systems, sensors and corrosion prevention. While these nanostructures have been widely used in many inorganic applications, their role in biology as catalyst is not explored. We have recently utilized nano cerium oxide's potential use in the treatment of disorders caused by the reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). This presentation will provide a brief overview of the applications of nanoceria in treatment of disorders caused by ROS. The role of size and stability of ceria nanoparticles in toxicity analysis has also been explored. For various practical applications, synthesis of biocompatible and stable suspensions of nanoceria is essential. It was found that the redox kinetics of regenerative ceria nanoparticles can be controlled with the type of medium and their implications in nanobiomedicine is presented.
Perceptual Feedback in the Detection and Correction of Errors

Self-inhibition is a central concept in the node structure theory. In addition to explaining the many sources of evidence discussed in Chapter 8, self-inhibition is needed to explain how perceptual feedback is processed during an ongoing action and to explain how errors are detected and corrected. Self-inhibition also makes sense of the way speech production becomes disrupted when normal speakers hear the sound of their own voice amplified and delayed by about 0.2 s. Self-inhibition even contributes to “node commitment,” as I call the process of forming new or functional connections between nodes. However, I have developed the last two topics elsewhere (Chapter 10, and MacKay, 1987). The present chapter discusses only feedback processing and the detection and correction of errors. I first examine how errors are detected and corrected and the constraints these phenomena place on theories of the relation between perception and action. I then take these constraints into account in developing a theory of mechanisms underlying error detection and correction and the processing of self-produced feedback in general.
Si nano-particle characterization by atomic force microscopy and electronic beam techniques

Although nano-particles have attracted extensive studies in material science and technology for decades, how to measure the particle size efficiently and conveniently still remains to be a problem unsolved. In this paper, Si nano-particles prepared by annealing a very thin amorphous Si layer were inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as SEM and TEM e-beam techniques. Results extracted from AFM images are larger than those from e-beam imaging techniques mainly due to AFM probe tip convolution effect. In order to correct the AFM tip/probe induced topography convolutions, strategy and approaches were explored by constructing a suitable tip geometry model and then applied to the different scenarios when particle size is larger or close to the tip radius. The conclusions are consequently applied to the current study and the corrected AFM results are satisfying.
Direct Tuning in Feedback Error Learning Control and Its Generalization to Non-minimum Phase Plant * *This work was supported in part by JSPS Kakanhi under the grant number 15K06141

Abstract Motivated by a model for biological motion control, known as Feedback Error Learning (FEL), much attention has been paid to feedforward (FF) control with on-line tuning. Various tuning/control schemes have been proposed so far for its implementation. This paper proposes yet another tuning law that uses an external signal more directly and makes full use of prior knowledge of feedback (FB) controller. The paper also emphasizes a pole placement perspective on FF control in the two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure, which is particularly useful to address non-minimum phase plant. This is done by tuning the numerators of both prefilter and FF controller transfer functions, while their denominators are specified by poles allotted in advance. Numerical simulation is carried out to illustrate the proposed scheme.
Concluding Thoughts: Growing the Biophilic City

It is worth repeating a central theme in this book: There is a remarkable amount of nature in and around cities, and in addition to creating more environmentally sustainable urban areas it can and should serve as the foundation for deeper, more meaningful lives—lives lived in closer connection with nature and with each other. It is a different concept of nature from the more Arcadian notions that tend to underpin our national park system, for instance. It is a nature that has been heavily impacted by the human hand yet no less sheltering and restorative of mind and spirit. And increasingly it is a designed nature, as when we seek to include green elements such as green rooftops and vertical gardens.
From belief to deceit: How expectancies about others' ethics shape deception in negotiations

Abstract Expectancies play an important and understudied role in influencing a negotiator's decision to be deceptive. Studies 1a–1e investigated the sources of negotiators' expectancies, finding evidence of projection and pessimism; negotiators consistently overestimated the prevalence of people who share their views on deception and assumed a sizable share of others embrace deceptive tactics. This phenomenon generalized beyond American samples to Chinese students (Study 1d) and Turkish adults (Study 1e). Study 2 demonstrated that pessimistic expectancies about others' ethics positively predicted the degree to which negotiators were dishonest, above and beyond their own stated ethical views, and that it did so across both distributive and integrative negotiations. Study 3 provided evidence of a causal relationship between expectancies of others' ethical views and dishonest behavior by manipulating expectancies. Study 4 provided additional evidence of this causal relationship in a live, dyadic exchange where performance was incentive compatible. Negotiators' deceptive behavior was shaped by their pessimism about others' ethical standards. We consider the implications of these findings for preventing deception in negotiations.
Insecticide residues in California citrus fruits and products.

Prior to about 1945 it was not realized that spray and dust deposits of most organic insecticidal1 chemicals penetrated, in the field, into subsurface regions of sprayed citrus fruits, even though they were generally nonsystemic in action, as with some of the DN compounds and rotenone. Also, emphasis on “residues” (deposits) prior to this same time was on correlations with pest-control efficacy rather than on safe consumption of the treated commodity, so that initial deposits and aged deposits were most often obtained as weight of insecticide per unit areas of leaf (foliage) tissue2 rather than on and in mature fruits, as with sulfur, lime-sulfur, and lead arsenate, because insect populations were usually evaluated on leaves or twigs rather than on fruits. In connection with the field performance of DDT and other new insecticides against insects and mites in citriculture, however, it was realized shortly after 1940 that the slow disappearance or attenuation from leaves of these (DDT) surface deposits and effective residues from organic pesticides signified at least partial penetration into subsurface tissues (Gunther 1946 and Gunther et al. 1946).
Reexamining the Role of Illinois Brick in Modern Antitrust Standing Analysis

This Article argues that it is time for either the Court or Congress to reexamine Illinois Brick for the purpose of reconciling it with more general principles of antitrust standing. The overall goals of such an endeavor would be to ensure consistent treatment of similarly situated potential plaintiffs and to rationalize private antitrust enforcement.
The production and reception of underwater sound in Hawaiian monk seals (Neomonachus schauinslandi)

The endangered Hawaiian monk seal is a primitive phocid (true) seal endemic to the tropical Hawaiian Islands. At present, there is a lack of substantive bioacoustic information available for this species, with no formal descriptions of underwater vocalizations and limited data concerning underwater hearing. To address these knowledge gaps, we are working to better understand species-typical auditory capabilities and sound production by thoroughly evaluating a single individual living in human care. A mature male monk seal was trained to perform an auditory go/no-go signal detection task in water. Detection thresholds were measured for narrowband tones across the frequency range of hearing to generate a full underwater audiogram. Additionally, an acoustic recorder was placed in this monk seal’s living enclosure for a full year, enabling characterization of his underwater repertoire and seasonal trends in vocal behavior. This study presents the first examination of underwater vocalizations in Hawaiian monk seals, provides insight into the perceptual abilities of this species and the evolution of underwater hearing within the phocid lineage, and enables improved assessments of noise effects on these vulnerable seals. [Work supported by Navy’s Living Marine Resources Program.]
Patenting in the Public Interest: The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Model

The article written by Oliver Feeney and his collaborators raises an important issue: the constraints that patent law poses to accessing the socially beneficial products of foundational technologie...
3D Printing of Polymer-Based Gasochromic, Thermochromic and Piezochromic Sensors

The adoption of 3D printing into mainstream manufacturing is considered not only as a highly flexible processing technique, but also as a technique that can be applied to functional materials such as inks, paste, polymers, ceramics, powders and organic materials. Advanced processing techniques such as extrusion-based printing and ink-based printing technologies are at the forefront of 3D printing technology. In traditional manufacturing, the ability to select from a variety of preformed processable polymers is a challenge. 3D printing, however, predominantly targets the production of polymeric parts and models, and gas sensors are no exception. Advantages of conducting polymers such as good sensitivity, selectivity, synthetic richness, low-temperature operation, low cost of materials, and the inkjet deposition of polymer material allow integration of sensor arrays and supporting circuitry. As a result, the designed sensor is capable of multi-parameter sensing such as mobility, transconductance, threshold voltage, thermochromism, electrochromism, gasochromism, etc. This review focuses on a recent breakthrough in 3D printed sensors for detecting pressure, temperature, gas, electric fields and color when exposed to external stimuli. It also discusses sensors which are 3D printed and/or integrated within 3D printed structures, particularly, polymer-based gas sensors and gasochromic devices.
Humanitarian supply chain network design using data envelopment analysis and multi-objective programming models

Emergency events such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks seem to occur anywhere and tend to increase. This paper studies a humanitarian supply chain network (HTSCN) design problem in a pre-disaster scenario, which consists of finding the optimal emergency response facility (ERF) locations and allocation scheme of humanitarian supplies through ERFs, where all ERFs are under the risk of disruptions. Naturally, this type of design problem should deal with multiple goals. An innovative two-step framework of designing efficient HTSCN by combining multi-objective programming (MOP) models with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed. A case study using the historical data on the disasters in South Carolina, USA is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed combining framework. The case study demonstrates that the proposed procedure would help practitioners and researchers generate a finer evaluation of efficiency and would provide a benchmarking methodology for designing HTSCN system. [Received: 22 October 2017; Revised: 9 April 2018; Revised: 15 October 2018; Revised: 22 December 2018; Accepted: 26 January 2019]
Service member and veteran mental distress rates and military-civilian residential segregation in South Carolina counties

We examine service member/veteran (SMV) mental distress rates in South Carolina counties and military-civilian residential segregation (MCRS). In phase one of our analysis, we utilized small area e...
Service-Women’s Responses to Sexual Harassment: The Importance of Identity Work and Masculinity in a Gendered Organization:

Using data from in-depth interviews with 38 U.S. service-women, this article explores women’s responses to sexual harassment in the military workplace. I argue that in an extremely gendered and mas...
Minimal and Mild Stimulation IVF Results

We summarize the stimulation and frozen-thawed embryo transfer outcomes from patients with diminished ovarian reserve and/or advanced reproductive age who underwent minimal and/or mild stimulation in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Once frozen embryos are secured, these women may achieve clinically meaningful pregnancy rates per frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle.
Where Ivy Matters: The Educational Backgrounds of U.S. Cultural Elites:

Status transmission theory argues that leading educational institutions prepare individuals from privileged backgrounds for positions of prestige and power in their societies. We examine the educat...
Random Forest Classification of Alcohol Use Disorder Using EEG Source Functional Connectivity, Neuropsychological Functioning, and Impulsivity Measures

: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) manifest a variety of impairments that can be attributed to alterations in specific brain networks. The current study aims to identify features of EEG-based functional connectivity, neuropsychological performance, and impulsivity that can classify individuals with AUD (N = 30) from unaffected controls (CTL, N = 30) using random forest classification. The features included were: (i) EEG source functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) derived using eLORETA algorithm, (ii) neuropsychological scores from the Tower of London test (TOLT) and the visual span test (VST), and (iii) impulsivity factors from the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS). The random forest model achieved a classification accuracy of 80% and identified 29 FC connections (among 66 connections per frequency band), 3 neuropsychological variables from VST (total number of correctly performed trials in forward and backward sequences and average time for correct trials in forward sequence) and all four impulsivity scores (motor, non-planning, attentional, and total) as significantly contributing to classifying individuals as either AUD or CTL. Although there was a significant age difference between the groups, most of the top variables that contributed to the classification were not significantly correlated with age. The AUD group showed a predominant pattern of hyperconnectivity among 25 of 29 significant connections, indicating aberrant network functioning during resting state suggestive of neural hyperexcitability and impulsivity. Further, parahippocampal hyperconnectivity with other DMN regions was identified as a major hub region dysregulated in AUD (13 connections overall), possibly due to neural damage from chronic drinking, which may give rise to cognitive impairments, including memory deficits and blackouts. Furthermore, hypoconnectivity observed in four connections (prefrontal nodes connecting posterior right-hemispheric regions) may indicate a weaker or fractured prefrontal connectivity with other regions, which may be related to impaired higher cognitive functions. The AUD group also showed poorer memory performance on the VST task and increased impulsivity in all factors compared to controls. Features from all three domains had significant associations with one another. These results indicate that dysregulated neural connectivity across the DMN regions, especially relating to hyperconnected parahippocampal hub as well as hypoconnected prefrontal hub, may potentially represent neurophysiological biomarkers of AUD, while poor visual memory performance and heightened impulsivity may serve as cognitive-behavioral indices of AUD.
A deep learning approach to remove motion artifacts in fNIRS data analysis

We established a neural network model to efficiently remove motion artifacts during fNIRS data processing.
Machine Learning and Psychological Research: The Unexplored Effect of Measurement

Machine learning (i.e., data mining, artificial intelligence, big data) has been increasingly applied in psychological science. Although some areas of research have benefited tremendously from a new set of statistical tools, most often in the use of biological or genetic variables, the hype has not been substantiated in more traditional areas of research. We argue that this phenomenon results from measurement errors that prevent machine-learning algorithms from accurately modeling nonlinear relationships, if indeed they exist. This shortcoming is showcased across a set of simulated examples, demonstrating that model selection between a machine-learning algorithm and regression depends on the measurement quality, regardless of sample size. We conclude with a set of recommendations and a discussion of ways to better integrate machine learning with statistics as traditionally practiced in psychological science.
Understanding of Palliative Care Among Parkinson Disease Patients at the University of Florida (S22.006)

Objective: The objective of this study was to derive a baseline understanding of palliative care among the Parkinson disease (PD) patient population at a single movement disorders center. Background: Palliative care scales show that advanced PD patients suffer as much or more than metastatic cancer patients with symptoms including constipation, anxiety, dysphagia, and pain. Palliative care in PD is a potentially useful but underutilized resource. Deficits in patient and caregiver understanding are likely contributors. Design/Methods: We offered a questionnaire to PD and parkinsonism patients, of any disease stage, seen at our center over a 6-week period. The questionnaire included 15 basic items assessing knowledge of palliative care and one item assessing whether patients had advance directives. Response options on the 15-item quiz included “true”, “false” and “unsure”. We defined “advance directive” as a living will, healthcare power of attorney, or advance directive itself. Results: Responses among the 153 questionnaire respondents ranged from 27–55% correct, 1–13% incorrect, and 37–61% unsure. Those with less formal education were more likely to select “unsure.” Patients with college education or beyond were more likely to answer the questions definitively and consequently had both higher correct and incorrect response rates than those with less formal education. Advance directive information was available in 141 patients. Overall, 82% of patients reported having an advance directive. This increased to 84% among those with disease duration ≥5 years; 86% in those who had completed college; and 95% in those ≥70 years old. Men and women were equally likely to have an advance directive. Conclusions: A surprising majority of patients at our tertiary movement disorders center had an advance directive, implying that patients are anticipating and planning for the future. Despite this, there is a gap in knowledge about palliative care which supports the hypothesis that underutilization may be partially due to lack of understanding. Disclosure: Dr. Patterson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brito De Almeida has nothing to disclose. Dr. McFarland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Okun has received personal compensation for activities with National Parkinson Foundation, Neuropace Devices, WebMD/Medscape, Medicus, Peerview, Vanderbilt University, MDS, and AAN. Dr. OKun has received royalties Demos, Humana, Amazon, Smashwords, Books4Patients, and Cambridge. Dr. Okun has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Parkinson Foundation, the Parkinson Alliance, the Smallwood Foundation, the Tourette Syndrome Association, the Bachmann-Strauss Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Malaty has nothing to disclose.
Shakespeare Novelized: Hogarth, Symbolic Capital, and the Literary Market

Jeremy Rosen analyzes the Hogarth Shakespeare series, launched in 2015 by Penguin Random House. He shows how today’s large-scale publishers have spurred similar ventures of rewritings, novelizations, and spinoffs of literary classics. Like Penguin Random’s revival of the celebrated Hogarth imprint, founded by Leonard and Virginia Woolf, these publisher-driven intertextual series seek to capitalize on the prestige of illustrious literary brand names, and fuse them with the celebrity of superstar “house” authors, who the publishers commission to execute house-generated works. This trading on prestigious brand names emerges as one of the principal strategies publishers of literary fiction have adopted to find reliable marketplace success, in the era of conglomeration. But Rosen also shows how such strategies sit uneasily with the literary writers commissioned to execute such projects. Rosen detects, within such novels, writers’ continued adherence to a modernist ideal of autonomous production, even as they find themselves writing books contracted by corporate publishers. A tension at the heart of the contemporary literary novel emerges: a vestigial belief in the distinctiveness of the literary and the autonomy of art, vying against an awareness that the novel is ever more deeply embedded in global capital flows.
The Economic Burden of Comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a substantial burden on patients and the health care system. The presence of comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been shown t...
Is body composition linked to prostate cancer survival

Adiposity and skeletal muscle mass have been shown to be prognostic for mortality in several cancers. In a recent study, CT imaging at diagnosis was used to determine whether components of body composition were associated with survival in men with advanced prostate cancer.
A Win-Win Proposal for Analyzing Profits-Only Partnership Interests

The proper tax treatment of profits-only partnership interests is an unsolved aspect of tax law. The problem has manifested recently in the debate over the proper tax treatment of carried interests, a subset of profits-only partnership interests. One group of commentators recommends that at least a portion of partnership income allocated to holders of profits-only partnership interests be taxed as compensation. To obtain the desired compensation result, commentators and lawmakers generally propose disaggregating partnerships (that is, changing the character of income as it flows from the partnership to service-providing partners). Another group of commentators express concern that partnership disaggregation threatens the partnership tax regime, finds little support in tax policy, and potentially disrupts the application of other tax law provisions. This report suggests that partnership disregard (that is, ignoring arrangements that should not come within the definition of tax partnership) will help solve the perceived inequity of profits-only partnership interests, will solidify the integrity of partnership taxation, and will not disrupt the application of the rest of the law. For a more in-depth discussion of the ideas presented in this report, see Bradley T. Borden, Profits-Only Partnership Interests, 74 Brooklyn Law Review, forthcoming 2009, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1262493.
Indicators of Quality Rehabilitation Services for Individuals with Limited English Proficiency: A 3-Round Delphi Study.

Objective To obtain expert consensus on indicators of quality rehabilitation services for individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP). Design Three-round Delphi study. Setting Delphi survey conducted online with 30 experts. Most experts worked in adult physical rehabilitation settings and were from Illinois (n=16), with remaining participants from eight other US states or Canadian provinces. Participants Experts had a minimum of two publications on healthcare services for patients with LEP and/or a minimum of five years clinical experience in physical rehabilitation. Of 43 experts (11 researchers, 32 clinicians) emailed the Round One survey, 30 returned complete responses (70% response rate). Of those, 25 completed Round Two, and 24 completed Round Three. Of Round One participants, most (n =21) identified their primary professional activity as clinical, whereas the others worked in research (n =5) or education (n =4). Twenty-four were female. Median age was 43 (range 27-67). Disciplines included occupational therapy (n =14), physical therapy (n =13), psychology (n=1), nursing (n=1), and medicine (n=1). Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Indicators rated on a seven-point Likert scale for importance and feasibility. Interquartile range (IQR) and 95% confidence intervals calculated for importance and feasibility ratings. Indicators with an IQR Results Round One responses were categorized into 15 structural, 13 process and 18 outcome indicators. All 15 structural indicators reached consensus for importance; eight were rated as feasible. All 13 process indicators reached consensus, of which eight were deemed feasible. Sixteen outcome indicators reached consensus, of which seven were deemed feasible. Conclusions This Delphi study identified structural, process, and outcome indicators that can inform delivery and assessment of quality rehabilitation services for individuals with limited English proficiency. Future research should operationalize and measure these quality indicators in clinical practice.
Echocardiography in the bovine animal

Echocardiograms were obtrained from 15 standing clinically normal cows using an ultrasonic recording device. The echo beam penetrated the right thoracic wall in the area of the fourth intercostal space with a frequency of 2.25 MH3. Left ventricular wall thickness measured 2.00 +/- .19 cm while the septal dimension was slightly higher at 2.24 +/- .26 cm. Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf), and index of contractility, was .87 +/- .4 m/s and minor axis shortening fraction (% delta D), and indicator of pump frunction, was 43.5 +/- 5.8%.
Estimation of genetic variance contributed by a quantitative trait locus: correcting the bias associated with significance tests

The Beavis effect in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping describes a phenomenon that the estimated effect size of a statistically significant QTL (measured by the QTL variance) is greater than the true effect size of the QTL if the sample size is not sufficiently large. This is a typical example of the Winners' curse applied to molecular quantitative genetics. Theoretical evaluation and correction for the Winners' curse have been studied for interval mapping. However, similar technologies have not been available for current models of QTL mapping and genome-wide association studies where a polygene is often included in the linear mixed models to control the genetic background effect. In this study, we developed the theory of the Beavis effect in a linear mixed model using a truncated noncentral Chi-square distribution. We equated the observed Wald test statistic of a significant QTL to the expectation of a truncated noncentral Chi-square distribution to obtain a bias-corrected estimate of the QTL variance. The results are validated from replicated Monte Carlo simulation experiments. We applied the new method to the grain width (GW) trait of a rice population consisting of 524 homozygous varieties with over 300 k single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Two loci were identified and the estimated QTL heritability were corrected for the Beavis effect. Bias correction for the larger QTL on chromosome 5 (GW5) with an estimated heritability of 12% did not change the QTL heritability due to the extremely large test score and estimated QTL effect. The smaller QTL on chromosome 9 (GW9) had an estimated QTL heritability of 9% reduced to 6% after the bias-correction.
Early Inflammation as a Predictor of Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (P1.224)

Objective: Investigate if serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leukocytes are predictors of vasospasm (VS) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Background: VS is an important driver of outcome in SAH. Previous studies showed that early inflammation participates of the pathogenesis of VS. Here we investigate if individual subpopulations of white blood cells (WBC) in serum and CSF predict the occurrence of this complication. Design/Methods: Serum and CSF WBCs for days 1 through 9 were obtained. Lymphocytes/Total WBC (L/T), Neutrophils/Total WBC (N/T) and Lymphocytes/Neutrophils (L/N) ratios were calculated. Patients were categorized into no-VS and VS based on angiographic findings. Cell counts and ratios in the different groups were compared using t-Test and Chi square. Results: 150 subjects were included in this analysis. No-VS patients had a mean age of 57.6±14.9 years, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at presentation of 11.4±4.5, and Fisher score of 3.1±0.8. In comparison, VS patients had an age of 52.1±11.5 years, GCS of 11.7±4.5 and Fisher score of 3.2±0.8. Baseline characteristics in both groups were not statistically different. Elevated serum N/T ratio in day 3 and 5 was associated with VS (day 3: 0.7±0.2 vs. 0.8±0.1, p=0.007; day 5: 0.7±0.2 vs. 0.8±0.1, p=0.01). In day 1, there was a trend for higher N/T ratio in the VS group but this did not reach statistical significance (0.8±0.2 vs. 0.9±0.1, p=0.05). In the CSF, elevated N/T ratio on day 1 (0.6±0.2 vs. 0.5±0.2, p=0.03) and elevated N/L ratio on days 1 (1.9±0.5 vs. 0.9±0.8, p=0.02) and 5 (2.4±0.5 vs. 0.8±1.9) were associated with the late development of VS. Conclusions: A relative early increase in neutrophils in both serum and CSF anticipate the development of VS. The effect of neutrophilia is seen as early as day 1 in the CSF. Additional studies are necessary to determine the mechanism by which inflammation predisposes to VS. Disclosure: Dr. Husain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Castillo has nothing to disclose. Dr Testai has nothing to disclose.
Shear rate dependence of the viscoelasticity of polymer solutions.: I. Theoretical model

Abstract The viscoelastic properties of a polymer solution vary with both the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillatory shear rate. In steady flow the viscosity is non-Newtonian, changing with the shear rate. A rheological model is developed which describes the interrelationship between these properties. This model is based upon multiple relaxation processes ordered as in a generalized Maxwell model. However, these processes are truncated at higher shear rates in a manner dependent upon the product of the shear rate and the relaxation time. Both the steady flow and the oscillatory flow properties are controlled by the same relaxation processes. It is shown that the critical condition marking the onset of shear rate dependence of the viscoelasticity is that the shear rate is equal to either the reciprocal of the longest relaxation time or the radian frequency, whichever is larger.
Grammar in Interaction: Adverbial Clauses in American English Conversations

1. Introduction 2. Overview of the conversational corpus 3. Initial adverbial clauses 4. Final versus initial adverbial clauses in continuous intonation 5. Final adverbial clauses after ending intonation 6. Comparison of clause types and apparent deviations from the general patterns 7. Conclusion.
Minorities and Healthcare Disparities: Access, Diagnosis, Treatment and Mortality

In recent decades significant advances have been made in the detection and treatment of chronic, debilitating and life threatening illnesses. Despite numerous medical advances, African Americans continue to exhibit a disproportionately high incidence of stroke, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, an addition to numerous debilitating illnesses, when compared to the general population and various racial and ethnic groups (Adler and Newman 2002). A copious number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain the disparity in the illness and disease incidence rates between African Americans and the general population in the United States. The literature also suggests that African Americans have a higher mortality rate than white Americans when diagnosed with similar chronic illnesses and disease (Hayward, Crimmins, Miles and Yu, 2000). The primary objective of this paper is to examine factors which may contribute to, and in some cases, cause the disparities observed in the treatment, diagnosis and mortality rates observed between African Americans and other racial and ethnic groups in the United States particularly white American.
Isotopic Study of Control of the Lysine Biosynthetic Pathway During Sporulation of Bacillus cereus

The extent of incorporation of aspartate into dipicolinic acid and into various amino compounds was determined in Bacillus cereus at various times before, during, and near the end of synthesis of dipicolinic acid. The purpose of this study was to gain further information on the in vivo control of the biosynthesis of amino acids derived from aspartate. Control of the lysine biosynthetic pathway was of particular interest with regard to sporulation, owing to the important role of diaminopimelate and dipicolinate in the structure of the spore. As synthesis of dipicolinate was initiated, incorporation of carbon derived from aspartate was funneled preferentially into this compound as compared with others of the aspartate group. Incorporation into lysine essentially stopped just before the synthesis of dipicolinate began. This is consistent with the previously observed disappearance at this time of diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase in cell-free extracts. Synthesis of diaminopimelate continued during the time of synthesis of dipicolinate. The previous suggestion that diaminopimelate might exert negative control on one of the enzymes between dihydrodipicolinate and diaminopimelate is thus considered unlikely. The possibility is discussed that synthesis of dipicolinate is favored by an increase in the rate of synthesis of dihydrodipicolinate rather than by a block in its rate of utilization.
Overtreatment of neonates.

To the Editor.— Silverman makes a cogent argument for the role of parents in making decisions regarding the treatment of severely ill newborns. His presentation of his position, both at the APS/SPR meeting on May 4, 1992, and in the accompanying article, is thoughtfully developed, carefully crafted, and elegantly prepared (and delivered). I would agree wholeheartedly with Dr Silverman9s plea for more information, gathered carefully, about the long-term outcomes for the children and their families of decisions made to treat intensively or to forego such intensity in the care of seriously imperiled neonates.
Reserve requirements, bank share prices, and the uniqueeness of bank loans☆

Abstract This study examines the impact of changes in reserve requirements on large banks' stock returns. It finds statistically and economically significant abnormal returns on the day following the announcement of such changes. This finding is consistent with the notion that reserve requirements are a tax on deposits. It indicates, however, that bank's shareholders bear at least part of the tax; thus it does not support the hypothesis advanced by some authors that the tax falls exclusively on banks' borrowers. The evidence further suggests that part of the tax falls on demand depositors. These findings undercut the case for the uniqueness of bank loans insofar as it is based on the incidence of the deposit tax.
A Method for Determining and Correcting Robot Position and Orientation Errors Due to Manufacturing

Methode pour evaluer et compenser les erreurs d'orientation et de position d'un robot (erreurs dues aux defauts de fabrication)
Infrared reflectance of single crystal tetragonal GeO2

Abstract The transverse and longitudinal optical phonon frequencies of tetragonal GeO 2 have been determined by standard i.r. reflectance measurements employing classical dispersion theory to fit the experimental data. The static and high-frequency dielectric constants, as derived from the data, are also presented.
Wnt Signaling Stabilizes the Dual-Function Protein β-Catenin in Diverse Cell Typesa

The Wnt proteins constitute a large family of secreted signaling factors that performed a wide variety of inductive and regulatory functions in embryonic and postnatal development. In mammals, these include crucial roles in morphogenesis of the central nervous system, kidneys, limbs, and mammary glands. In recent years, much progress has been made in identifying components of the intracellular Wnt-1 signal transduction pathway through studies in Drosophila, C. elegans, Xenopus, and mammalian systems. Several features of this pathway are remarkably well conserved in evolution. A key component of the Wnt pathway is the cytoplasmic protein beta-catenin, whose stability is increased as a result of Wnt signaling. Although morphological effects of Wnt-1 in cell culture are seen in only a limited number of cell lines, we show here that responsiveness to Wnt-1 at the biochemical level is a common property of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The increased abundance of beta-catenin may have at least two functional consequences, depending on the subcellular localization of the protein. In some cell lines that respond to Wnt-1, there is a significant increase in the beta-catenin fraction associated with the plasma membrane, where the protein acts as a component of cell-cell adhesive junctions. In other cell types, the major effect of Wnt signaling is an increase in the cytosolic pool of beta-catenin. Increased abundance of this pool has recently been correlated with entry of beta-catenin into the nucleus, where the protein forms complexes with Tcf transcription factors and is thought to modulate the expression of specific genes. The dual consequences of Wnt signaling on cell adhesion and/or gene expression provide at least two potential mechanisms by which this key pathway can function in the regulation of morphogenesis.
A self-consistent theory of space charge limiting current for a relativistic electron beam

Summary form only given. A self-consistent theory of the space-charge limiting current has been developed for a relativistic electron beam propagating through a grounded conducting cylinder. The beam electron density is assumed to be uniform. It is found that the propagating current depends very sensitively on the current densit profile. The self-consistently evaluated limiting current is considerably larger than the conventionally estimated value.
Amiodarone-induced acute hepatotoxicity

Dear Editor, We present the case of a 44-year-old man admitted with central chest pain associated with breathlessness that was not relieved by taking sublingual glyceryl nitrate. He presented with a background of old inferior infarct, dilated cardiomyopathy and poor left-ventricular (LV) function and hypertension. There was history of continued alcohol and cocaine abuse. Electrocardiogram on admission confirmed atrial flutter, ventricular rate of 160 bpm with evidence of heart failure, and systolic blood pressure 90 mmHg. All biochemical and hematological parameters were within normal limits. Intravenous (IV) amiodarone 300 mg was administered intravenous (i.v) over 30 min and a maintenance dose of 900 mg over 24 h to attempt pharmacological cardioversion. His heart rate slowed down and later reverted to sinus rhythm. However, over night, he became transiently hypotensive with reduced urine output that subsequently improved. Repeat blood tests the following day revealed an acute increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to 4,428 (see Table 1) and bilirubin to 45. Amiodarone was discontinued. ALT peaked at 4,578 on day 3 but returned to normal at day10. Hepatic ultrasound revealed no abnormality. In particular, there was no evidence of hepatic congestion. The patient was started on digoxin, anti-heart-failure medication optimized his condition, and once he was stable. He was discharged with a further cardiology follow-up. Discussion
Theory of Raman scattering and Raman optical activity: near resonance theory and levels of approximation

A new level of the theory of Raman scattering and Raman optical activity (ROA) is identified between the general, unrestricted (GU) theory and the far-from-resonance (FFR) theory called the near resonance (NR) theory. In the NR theory, the Raman tensor is not symmetric, and there is nonequivalence between the incident and scattered circular polarization (ICP and SCP) forms of ROA and non-zero intensity for out-of-phase dual circular polarization (DCPII) ROA. Several levels of theory are identified in passing from the GU theory to the FFR theory. The NR theory provides vibronic detail, present in the GU theory but absent from the FFR, by assuming that the vibrational levels of the excited electronic states are the same as those of the ground electronic state. The NR theory obeys time-reversal symmetry and can be expressed in a form that is computationally tractable, thereby providing an improved description of the frequency dependence of Raman and ROA intensities relative to that provided by the FFR theory.