cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of a Power Amplifier for the LAMPF Proton Storage Ring Transverse Damper System

A power amplifier has been designed to drive the 50-? stripline deflection structures in the transverse active damper of the Los Alamos 800-MeV Proton Storage Ring (PSR). The unit will provide 600-V peak-to-peak with a dc-to-100-MHz bandwidth. Other important characteristics include <40-ns delay time, 50-dB voltage gain, and 4-ns risetime with <5% overshoot and ringing. Because of the current-drive properties of the amplifier, two amplifiers could be combined to provide over 1000-V peak-to-peak into 50 ?, with very little bandwidth degradation. Components in the power amplifier that represent new designs are a 20-tube distributed-amplifier output stage; a driver stage, using VMOS FET and bipolar transistors; a high-voltage probe, with good dc stability and 150-MHz bandwidth; a transient suppressor circuit, using PIN diodes to protect the transistorized drivers from tube arcing; a nonlinear amplifier to compensate for the nonlinear characteristics of the distributed amplifier; and a first-fail indicator circuit to aid in locating the prime causes of equipment failures.
Stepped Impedance Magnetic Compression Line Pulse Generator

A novel and improved magnetic compression-based stepped impedance transmission line pulse generator circuit is presented. It is shown that discharging an initially charged lumped element transmission line with saturable inductor switches in each cell can result in complete energy transfer between cells provided the cell capacitances are in a certain fixed sequence independent of the cell inductances. The use of precharge voltage and proper capacitance sequence in such stepped impedance magnetic compression line provides voltage multiplication in addition to pulse compression.
The youth worker as jazz improviser: foregrounding education ‘in the moment’ within the professional development of youth workers

This paper argues for the foregrounding of improvisation and education ‘in the moment’ within youth workers’ professional development. Devised in collaboration with third-year Youth and Community Work students and lecturers at a university in Birmingham, this participatory action research project drew on work of jazz ethnomusicologists and educationalists that details the extensive preparation involved in acquiring the ability to improvise within jazz in order to counter the misconception of youth work as educational practice ‘on the wing’. Through analysis of students’ reflective writing, lecturer feedback, interviews with lecturers and video footage of students leading improvised dialogues with their peers, the study sheds light on the challenges and possibilities involved in the teaching and assessment of improvisation in youth work and suggests that students can be encouraged to actively structure their awareness of improvisation and take responsibility for developing a disposition towards it. The aut...
Isolation and structure of an "imploded" cryptophane.

Molecules and molecular assemblies of effectively closedshell topologies have been the subject of much contemporary interest because of their ability to encapsulate smaller molecular substrates. 2] The cavity interiors have been used for a number of remarkable applications, including for enantioselective recognition, for stabilizing and characterizing reactive species, as microreaction chambers, and to demonstrate new forms of stereoisomerism. The unique properties of the so-called container molecules or capsules stem directly from their ability to bind guests constrictively. That is, the nearly closed surfaces of molecular containers provide comparatively large steric barriers to the ingress and egress of guests.The resulting complexes experience a corresponding enhancement in their kinetic stabilities, thus allowing encapsulation phenomena to be studied in detail. We have initiated a program aimed at tuning the thermal stabilities of materials generally derived from container molecules, one future goal of which is the synthesis of novel microporous materials with potential uses for gas storage or smallmolecule separations. Our hypothesis is that, relative to traditional clathrates and solid-state inclusion compounds, those materials constructed from container-like molecules ought to exhibit appreciable kinetic stabilities with respect to the thermal loss of encapsulated guests. This feature augurs well for gas separation or storage applications, and organic materials possessing empty voids for such purposes are emerging. Collet-s elegant cryptophanes, constructed by the covalent bridging of two cuplike C3-substituted cyclotribenzylenes (CTBs), are quintessential molecular containers. They typically encapsulate guests constrictively, with constrictive binding energies (that is, the activation energies of complexation, DG c ) in excess of about 40 kJmol . Furthermore, they display an impressive ability to bind and discriminate between guests on the basis of size, shape, and electronic characteristics in both hydrophilic and lipophilic solvents. We report
Spousal Relationship Quality and Cardiovascular Risk Dyadic Perceptions of Relationship Ambivalence Are Associated With Coronary-Artery Calcification

The quality of spousal relationships has been related to physical-health outcomes. However, most studies have focused on relationship positivity or negativity in isolation, despite the fact that many close relationships are characterized by both positive and negative aspects (i.e., ambivalence). In addition, most work has not accounted for the reciprocal nature of close-relationship processes that can have an impact on health. Using a sample of 136 older married couples, we tested whether actor-partner models of relationships that were either primarily positive or ambivalent (i.e., perceived as having both helpful and upsetting aspects) predicted measures of coronary-artery calcification. Results revealed an Actor × Partner interaction whereby coronary-artery calcification scores were highest for individuals who both viewed and were viewed by their spouse as ambivalent. These data are discussed in light of the importance of considering both positive and negative aspects of relationship quality and modeling the interdependence of close relationships.
Indole production by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain NAP-3 during anaerobic naphthalene biodegradation in the presence of dimethyl formamide.

We previously reported on the denitrifier Pseudomonas stutzeri strain NAP-3 that degrades naphthalene without oxygen. In our present studies, naphthalene biodegradation by NAP-3 was slow or nearly absent when acetate was not present, suggesting a stimulating effect by the non-fermentable substrate. NAP-3 was sensitive to the amount of naphthalene in the culture; with naphthalene removal and nitrate utilization rates higher when present at 20 mg L− 1 compared to 40 mg L− 1. Electron equivalents represented by transformation of electron donor could be met assuming nitrate reduction to nitrite, except for the incubation with 40 mg L− 1 naphthalene which required complete denitrification. Transient production of the nitrogen-containing bicyclic indole was found by gas chromatograph mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS). Indole production was repeatable and affected by naphthalene concentration; with the 20 mg L− 1 culture producing the most indole. The production of indole was strictly biotic and required the presen...
The development of interlimb coordination during bimanual finger tapping

Normal subjects aged 7-25 years were asked to tap the index fingers of both hands: a) in four different patterns of interlimb coordination; b) at two different response frequencies; and c) both before and after the entraining metronome was turned off. The outcome variables of primary interest were the within-subject variability of interresponse intervals (IRI) as an index of timing precision; and deviations from prescribed response frequency, as an index of temporal tracking accuracy. Stability of timing precision and accuracy of temporal tracking increased significantly from 7 to 9 and from 9 to 11 years, with only minor advances thereafter. There were significant right-left performance asymmetries in all bimanual tasks; variability of IRI and deviations from prescribed rate were greater at the faster of the two response frequencies tested; and stability of IRI and accuracy of temporal tracking were greater with than without the metronome. Stability of IRI and accuracy of temporal tracking were strongly correlated in some bimanual tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of the two major theoretical perspectives on human brain-behavior relationships that have specifically addressed the issue of bimanual coordination.
Premature breech delivery.

Abstract This paper consists of a study of premature single breech births occurring in 11,757 deliveries of a private obstetric group. Increased hazards of labor and delivery were evident in this group of patients. Many maternal and fetal complications were encountered, analyzed, and discussed. Premature rupture of the membranes and rupture of the marginal sinus were found to be the leading causes of premature labor. A high perinatal mortality (54.3 per cent) was reported. The leading cause of neonatal death was found to be prematurity usually associated with atelectasis, hyaline membrane disease, or respiratory distress.
Missing Links in the Evolution of Language

The evolution of language is an intractable problem if it is assumed (a la Chomsky) that language emerged full-blown at some point during the ~ 6,000,000 year period that elapsed between the divergence of the hominid line from chimpanzees, our closest living ancestor. It is intractable because it fails to recognize the role played by the evolution of conversation, and its antecedent, non-verbal conversation, a uniquely human phenomenon. For that we have to go back to the time when bipedalism replaced knuckle walking. Bipedalism resulted in a reduction in the size of the pelvis and the consequent reduction in the size of the birth canal, a birth canal that could not accommodate an infant with a brain larger than ~1,000 cc. As a result, human infants were born with a brain and skeletal system that were much less developed than those of non-human primates. To survive, the human infant required support from her mother for a period of time that was considerably longer than that needed by the offspring of other non-human primates. As a result, the human infant spent lots of face-to-face contact time with her mother, sharing eye gaze, another uniquely human activity. I hypothesize that those interactions allowed the infant to perceive and consciously compare the contents of her and her mother’s mind. From there it is a relatively small step to joint attention, yet another uniquely human activity, which provided a basis for the assignment of names to events and objects.
Two-Dimensional Porous Electrode Model for Capacitive Deionization

Ion transport in porous conductive materials is of great importance in a variety of electrochemical systems including batteries and supercapacitors. We here analyze the coupling of flow and charge transport and charge capacitance in capacitive deionization (CDI). In CDI, a pair of porous carbon electrodes is employed to electrostatically retain and remove ionic species from aqueous solutions. We here develop and solve a novel unsteady two-dimensional model for capturing the ion adsorption/desorption dynamics in a flow-between CDI system. We use this model to study the complex, nonlinear coupling between electromigration, diffusion, and advection of ions. We also fabricated a laboratory-scale CDI cell which we use to measure the near-equilibrium, cumulative adsorbed salt, and electric charge as a function of applied external voltage. We use these integral measures to validate and calibrate this model. We further present a detailed computational study of the spatiotemporal adsorption/desorption dynamics und...
Sensing Properties of MO x ∕ YSZ ∕ Pt ( MO x = Cr2O3 , SnO2 , CeO2 ) Potentiometric Sensor for NO2 Detection

Temperature dependence and selectivity of potentiometric NO 2 sensors (MO x /YSZ/Pt, where MO x = Cr 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , and CeO 2 ) were studied in 21% O 2 . All the sensors showed the same direction of NO 2 response with each other and a linear relationship in the plot of the electromotive force vs the logarithm of NO 2 concentration. NO 2 selectivity behavior of the sensors was similar, such that the selective NO 2 detection was achieved against CO and CO 2 , but the addition of O 2 , NO, and H 2 O made a significant change in the NO 2 response. This similarity in response is likely due to similarity in the catalytic activity of the MO x electrode elements.
Development of Hybrid Processes for High Purity Water Production

The largest industrial consumers of high purity water (HPW) are power plants, pharmaceuticals and microelectronics. The microelectronics require ultrapure (UPW) (resistivity ≥ 18.2 Mohm-cm) rinsing wafers. High purity water (resistivity 1–10 Mohm-cm) is used in power plants for high-pressure boilers. Pharmacopoeia grade waters (conductivity (0.1–1 μS/cm)) include USP, Europe SP and Japan SP and water for injection. Key technologies and plant processes including ion exchange, reverse osmosis and electrodeionisation for producing HPW are described. Newer processes such as immersion lithography and recent developments including advanced oxidation processes needed to meet critical UPW requirements for semiconductor wafers are discussed.
Association of WR-1065 with CHO AA8 cells, nuclei, and nucleoids

The radioprotector WR-1065 (N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,3-diaminopropane) has been shown to be the active moiety involved in protecting mammalian cells from the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation after administration of WR-1065 or the phosphorylated form, WR-2721. Initial experiments demonstrated that, in our hands, WR-1065 protects Chinese hamster AA8 cells from killing by (a) mechanism(s) other than induction of hypoxia. AA8 cells were then incubated in the presence of [14C]WR-1065 to determine whether association of WR-1065 in vivo was random or targeted to the nucleus or the nuclear matrix. The kinetics of incorporation of labeled material showed rapid incorporation for the first 30 min and little, if any, additional incorporation over the next 2.5 h. Examination of nuclei and nucleoids generated from the AA8 cells indicated that approximately 10% of the drug was localized in the nucleus and the drug that remained was not dislodged with repeated washes of the filters. Association kinetics of the drug with nuclei and nucleoids indicated that there was little increase in drug association with time, suggesting that there may be a limited number of strong association sites in the nucleus, but these sites are either with DNA or with matrix proteins. Exposure of the AA8 cells to 6 Gy of 60Co gamma rays did not significantly alter the association of the drug with AA8 cells. Incubating AA8 cells in [14C]WR-1065 for 30 min and then incubating in drug-free medium indicated that nearly all of the drug was lost from cells within the first 5 min of incubation in drug-free medium. The low level of tightly bound matrix-associated label may be important in generating alterations in matrix organization that have been observed previously in this laboratory.
Assessment of the effect of castration upon arrival on long-term growth performance of stocker cattle

ABSTRACT Existing records were used to quantify the effect of castration and dehorning of calves upon arrival at a stocker unit on long-term growth performance and morbidity. Male calves (n = 1,105; BW = 186 ± 24 kg) received over 3 yr were used to assess the effects of castration and dehorning on receiving health and ADG, as well as subsequent grazing performance. Data were compiled from 9 studies in which the protocols used were similar. All bulls (n = 672) were castrated upon arrival, and their ADG and morbidity over the course of the receiving (22–69 d) and grazing (44–217 d) phases were compared with calves received as steers (n = 433). During the receiving phase, bulls gained 0.12 kg/d less than steers (P
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenolphthalein-based Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Hydrophilic−Hydrophobic Multiblock Copolymers for Proton Exchange Membranes

Hydrophilic−hydrophobic alternating multiblock poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers containing 4,4′-biphenol (BP) or phenolphthalein (PPH) were synthesized via a coupling reaction between phenoxi...
Specific and nonspecific properties of wassermann antigens

Kolmer 1 has recently compared various methods and procedures used in the Wassermann reaction and has recommended a standard technic. In view of the confusion that has existed in this field, Kolmer's contribution has been of great value in helping to establish a systematic and uniform procedure. His methods for the technic of the Wassermann test are excellent, but the method of selection of the antigenic dose that he recommends is a variable and uncertain amount. It requires a separate titration almost each time the antigen is needed, and we have found this to be a changeable quantity, depending mostly on the temperature at which the stock antigen was preserved and on the method of dilution. Great variations occur when the exact technic, recommended by Kolmer, is followed. The antigen or antigens used in the Wassermann reaction have been studied more than any other component. The instability of the first aqueous extracts used for antigens led to the use of the more stable alcoholic, acetone, ether, etc., extracts. Kiss 2 was the first to point out clearly the effects that these solvents exerted on the hemolysis of the red blood cells. Kaup 3 studied in detail the specific and nonspecific properties of various antigens. He found by gradually decreasing the amount of extract, the following zonal reactions: (1) precipitation, (2) hemolysis, (3) inhibition, (4) specific and (5) inefficient zones. After evaporating one half of the alcohol from his extracts and making up to volume with normal salt solution, he found with the same amount of this extract an absence of precipitation, with the other reactions present in the order named above. The antigen dose that did cause inhibition would, with a diminution of the alcoholic content of the extract, cause a specific reaction with positive serum.
Behavioral Response of Reef Fish and Green Sea Turtles to Midfrequency Sonar

There is growing concern over the potential effects of high-intensity sonar on wild fish populations and commercial fisheries. Acoustic telemetry was employed to measure the movements of free-ranging reef fish and sea turtles in Port Canaveral, FL, in response to routine submarine sonar testing. Twenty-five sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus), 28 gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus), and 29 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were tagged, with movements monitored for a period of up to 4 months using an array of passive acoustic receivers. Baseline residency was examined for fish and sea turtles before, during, and after the test event. No mortality of tagged fish or sea turtles was evident from the sonar test event. There was a significant increase in the daily residency index for both sheepshead and gray snapper at the testing wharf subsequent to the event. No broad-scale movement from the study site was observed during or immediately after the test.
Host Selection, Growth, and Survival of Melonworm (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Four Cucurbit Crops Under Laboratory Conditions.

The melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most serious insect problems affecting cucurbit production. We evaluated the relative preference and suitability of yellow squash, zucchini, cucumber, and watermelon to melonworm by measuring its oviposition, larval feeding preference, survivorship, and developmental responses in the laboratory. Whole plants were used for oviposition study, whereas host leaf discs were used for all the other studies. Watermelon feeding resulted in the longest larval development period (14.3 d), greatest prepupal weights and survivals rates (92%; first instar to adult) among the four crops. However, for watermelon, adult oviposition preference (199.5 eggs/♀), egg survival (70%), and larval feeding (4.1% defoliation) were numerically or statistically lowest, and larval head capsule widths and whole-body lengths were smallest. When differences occurred among these variables, yellow squash, zucchini, and cucumber were each typically higher (or quicker to develop) than watermelon. So why do melonworm adults not prefer watermelon, or at least select it as frequently as squash and cucumber when ovipositing? The answer likely is that there might be some variation in the important chemical components among these cucurbits. We suggest that comparison of kairomones and allomones from watermelon and related cucurbits would be very useful for determining the combination resulting in the lowest risk of damage to the more susceptible cucurbits (assuming the levels can be modified without seriously affecting the crops).
Study of Epithelium Barrier Functions by Real-time TER Measurement

Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TER) measurement is a reliable and efficient method to quantify the permeability of barrier forming cells such as epithelial cells. Measuring the permeability of the epithelial cells will help the researchers to investigate the barrier function of epithelium in various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Here we provide a real-time and impedance-based approach for measuring the permeability of epithelial cell monolayer using the Electrical Cell Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS®) instrumentation.
Higher education reform and language for business and entrepreneurship

This article defines the language learning levels needed for degree-seeking students and for continuing education students at a French-speaking African institution to achieve minimal working profic...
An alternative but short proof of a result of Zhu and Lu concerning general sum-connectivity index

Recently, Zhu and Lu, [On the general sum-connectivity index of tricyclic graphs, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 51(1) (2016) 177–188] determined the graphs having maximum general sum-connectivity index among all n-vertex tricyclic graphs. In this short note, an alternative but considerable short approach is proposed for determining the aforementioned graphs.
Alternative Models to Hodgkin–Huxley Equations

The Hodgkin and Huxley equations have served as the benchmark model in electrophysiology since 1950s. But it suffers from four major drawbacks. Firstly, it is only phenomenological not mechanistic. Secondly, it fails to exhibit the all-or-nothing firing mechanism for action potential generation. Thirdly, it lacks a theory for ion channel opening and closing activation across the cell membrane. Fourthly, it does not count for the phenomenon of voltage-gating which is vitally important for action potential generation. In this paper, a mathematical model for excitable membranes is constructed by introducing circuit characteristics for ion pump exchange, ion channel activation, and voltage-gating. It is demonstrated that the model is capable of re-establishing the Nernst resting potentials, explicitly exhibiting the all-or-nothing firing mechanism, and most important of all, filling the long-lasting theoretical gap by a unified theory on ion channel activation and voltage-gating. It is also demonstrated that the new model has one half fewer parameters but fits significantly better to experiment than the HH model does. The new model can be considered as an alternative template for neurons and excitable membranes when one looks for simpler models for mathematical studies and for forming large networks with fewer parameters.
Islam and Animals in the Postdomestic Context

In this chapter, I analyze the discourse on animal ethics from the perspective of Islamic teachings and traditions. I discuss the tension in a multicultural society between animal rights/welfare and the practice of Islamic animal slaughter, where the latter is often considered as inhumane and inferior to modern slaughter practice. I argue for a different way to formulate a richer multicultural conversation about human–animal relationships that challenges the marginalization of religion in general, and Islam in particular, by critically analyzing the way the current discourse reduce the issue to a matter of an accommodation to religious minority rights.
Dissemination of a Web-Based Tool for Supporting Health Insurance Plan Decisions (Show Me Health Plans): Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Background: The rate of uninsured people has decreased dramatically since the Affordable Care Act was passed. To make an informed decision, consumers need assistance to understand the advantages and disadvantages of health insurance plans. The Show Me Health Plans Web-based decision support tool was developed to improve the quality of health insurance selection. In response to the promising effectiveness of Show Me Health Plans in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and the growing need for Web-based health insurance decision support, the study team used expert recommendations for dissemination and implementation, engaged external stakeholders, and made the Show Me Health Plans tool available to the public. Objective: The purpose of this study was to implement the public dissemination of the Show Me Health Plans tool in the state of Missouri and to evaluate its impact compared to the RCT. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional observational design. Dissemination phase users were compared with users in the RCT study across the same outcome measures. Time spent using the Show Me Health Plans tool, knowledge, importance rating of 9 health insurance features, and intended plan choice match with algorithm predictions were examined. Results: During the dissemination phase (November 2016 to January 2017), 10,180 individuals visited the SMHP website, and the 1069 users who stayed on the tool for more than one second were included in our analyses. Dissemination phase users were more likely to live outside St. Louis City or County (P<.001), were less likely to be below the federal poverty level (P<.001), and had a higher income (P=.03). Overall, Show Me Health Plans users from St. Louis City or County spent more time on the Show Me Health Plans tool than those from other Missouri counties (P=.04); this association was not observed in the RCT. Total time spent on the tool was not correlated with knowledge scores, which were associated with lower poverty levels (P=.009). The users from the RCT phase were more likely to select an insurance plan that matched the tool’s recommendations (P<.001) compared with the dissemination phase users. Conclusions: The study suggests that a higher income population may be more likely to seek information and online help when making a health insurance plan decision. We found that Show Me Health Plans users in the dissemination phase were more selective in the information they reviewed. This study illustrates one way of disseminating and implementing an empirically tested Web-based decision aid tool. Distributing Web-based tools is feasible and may attract a large number of potential users, educate them on basic health insurance information, and make recommendations based on personal information and preference. However, using Web-based tools may differ according to the demographics of the general public compared to research study participants.
A Systems Approach to Plant-wide Energy Assessment: A PEER REVIEWED PUBLICATION

Energy plays a central role in the operation of the industrialized U.S. economy. The importance of the energy assessment process and the opportunity generated for industry to reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency cannot be overemphasized. The energy assessment process in a large-sized manufacturing facility containing a plethora of interacting energy consuming systems and equipment may be complicated if pursued in a non-structured manner. The plant-wide energy assessment process is an important step in this regard. The research reported in this article, based on an actual assessment of a large-sized manufacturing facility, outlines not only the need for a systems approach towards plant-wide energy assessment, but also describes the elements of this proposed systematic approach.
Transurethral puncture of ectopic ureteroceles in neonates and infants.

AbstractTen neonates and infants with 11 ectopic ureteroceles prospectively underwent transurethral puncture as the primary form of therapy. Of the 10 patients 6 had a prenatal diagnosis of uropathy and 4 presented postnatally with urinary tract infection. One patient had bilateral single system ectopic ureteroceles and 9 had a single ectopic ureterocele in a duplex system. Significant associated ipsilateral and/or contralateral urological pathology was noted in addition to the ectopic ureterocele in 7 patients.Transurethral puncture adequately decompressed 10 of the 11 ectopic ureteroceles (91%) and improved drainage of nonureterocele moieties in 3 cases. Iatrogenic reflux was found in 3 of the 11 ureterocele ureters. Urinary tract infection developed in 6 infants (4 with fever). Of the 10 patients 8 (80%) eventually required secondary surgical intervention because of recurrent urinary tract infections, persistent or iatrogenic reflux, or unresolving hydronephrosis. Although transurethral puncture rarely...
SIMS/XPS Studies of Surface Reactions on Rh(111) and Rh(331)

The adsorption of NO and HCN on Rh surfaces can be monitored using the Rh2NO+ or RhHCN+ molecular cluster ions formed in static SIMS. From parallel XPS studies, for example, we find that NO adsorbs molecularly at 300K on Rh(111) but dissociates significantly on the Rh(331) surface. This dissociation is accompanied by a decrease in the Rh2NO+ ion yield and an increase in the Rh2N+ and Rh2O+ ion intensities. This type of chemical specificity illustrates that SIMS studies are possible on more complex systems which are difficult to monitor using XPS alone.
Flow Conditioning Design in Thick Liquid Protection

The HYLIFE-II conceptual design proposed using arrays of high-speed oscillating and stationary slab jets, or turbulent liquid sheets, to protect the reactor chamber first walls from damaging neutrons, ions and X-rays. Flow conditioning can be used to reduce turbulent fluctuations in these liquid sheets and thereby reduce surface ripple, or free-surface fluctuations, and delay jet breakup. Several flow conditioning configurations are studied experimentally for vertical turbulent sheets of water issuing downwards from nozzles of thickness (small dimension) {delta} = 1 cm into ambient air for Reynolds numbers Re = 5.0 x 10{sup 4} and 1.2 x 10{sup 5}. In particular, the role of one or more fine screens in the flow conditioner was studied. As the flow conditioning element immediately upstream of the nozzle inlet, fine screens have been shown to have a major impact upon the sheet free-surface geometry. Planar laser-induced fluorescence was used to measure the free-surface geometry of the liquid sheet and its fluctuations in the near field at streamwise distances downstream of the nozzle exit x {<=} 25{delta}. Laser-Doppler velocimetry was used to quantify the impact of different conditioning configurations on the cross-stream velocity component and its fluctuations just upstream of the nozzle exit. The resultsmore » indicate that minor differences in velocity and velocity fluctuations near the nozzle exit can lead to major variations in free-surface geometry, and that free-surface fluctuations are strongly affected by changes in flow conditioner design, even in the near-field region of the flow. A single-screen configuration was shown to produce the smoothest jets at both Reynolds numbers, with fluctuations of 3.3% at Re = 1.2 x 10{sup 5} and x = 25{delta}.« less
A study of the golgi material of hepatic and intestinal epithelial cells with the electron microscope.

The Golgi substance of hepatic cells and cells of the intestinal epithelium of the mouse has been studied with the electron microscope. Both hepatic cells and intestinal epithelial cells were fixed by perfusion with modified Champy's fluid followed by treatment with osmic acid. Myelin figures were not found to develop in this material during fixation; nevertheless, the classical picture of the Golgi substance was revealed after treatment with osmic acid.
A Bayesian Framework for Optimizing Interconnects in High-Speed Channels

Increasing demand in higher bandwidth chip-to chip communications have resulted in challenges related to modelling and optimization of their electrical performance due to CPU intensive simulations arising from multiscale structures. Conventional approaches use various approximations to either reduce the design complexity or reduce the simulation time, however, this can lead to inaccurate models and sub-optimal designs. In this paper, we address this problem by using machine learning based techniques and propose a Bayesian framework to model and optimize interconnects in high-speed channels in an accurate yet efficient fashion.
The relationship between neonatal encephalopathy and maternal postpartum depression.

Purpose: Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain injury resulting from insufficient oxygen and blood supply. The standard treatment for HIE is therapeutic hypothermia (TH)...
Traumatic Event Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Sleep Disturbances in a National Sample of U.S. Adults

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent, debilitating disorder found to develop after exposure to a potentially traumatic event (PTE). Individuals with PTSD often report sleep disturbances, specifically nightmares and insomnia, which are listed within the criteria for PTSD. This research examined prevalence of insomnia and nightmares within a national sample of 2,647 adults (data weighted by age and sex to correct for differences in sample distribution) who had been exposed to one or more PTEs. Prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbance, sleep disturbances by PTE type, and gender differences were examined. All participants completed a self-administered, structured online interview that assessed exposure to stressful events and PTSD symptoms. Among individuals who met DSM-5 criteria for PTSD, a large majority (more than 92%) reported at least one sleep disturbance. Insomnia was relatively more prevalent than PTE-related nightmares among individuals with PTSD and among all PTE-exposed individuals. A higher number of PTEs experienced significantly increased the likelihood of both trauma-related nightmares and insomnia, McFadden's pseudo R2 = .07, p < .001. Women exposed to PTEs were more likely to endorse experience of insomnia, χ2 (1, N = 2,647) = 99.13, p < .001, φ = .194, and nightmares compared to men, χ2 (1, N = 2,648) = 82.98, p < .001, φ = .177, but this gender difference was not significant among individuals with PTSD, ps = .130 and .050, respectively. Differences in sleep disturbance prevalence by PTE type were also examined. Implications for treatment and intervention and future directions are discussed.
CS Education Then and Now: Recollections and Reflections

How has CS education changed since SIGCSE first began in 1968? This panel of presenters, with 135 years of teaching instruction between them, will remind some attendees of what used to be and educate newer members on what life was like pre-internet. Topics to be discussed include changes in content, presentation medium, equipment and environment, students and audience, and pedagogy. Audience members will be engaged through peer instruction questions during and between topic discussions and may use their cell phones or laptops to respond to questions. This panel will allow our community to acknowledge the diversity and experience in our organization and celebrate our heritage. We believe old-timers who wish to reminisce and young, new instructors who are interested in a historical aspect will be interested in the session.
Abstract 1237: Down-regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by gambogic acid suppresses metastasis of pancreatic cancer in an orthotopic mouse model

More than 90% of patients die of pancreatic cancer due to metastasis. Among the cytokines, CXCL12 and its CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) are known to play a role in invasion and metastasis in many types of cancer. Thus, agents that can interrupt the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling cascade have the potential to suppress cancer metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrate that gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone from Gamboge hanburyi, down-regulated CXCR4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We found that the decrease in CXCR4 by GA was not specific to cell type since its expression was abrogated in multiple myeloma cell lines and in colorectal, head and neck, prostate, and breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, down-regulation of CXCR4 was not due to proteolytic degradation since proteasome inhibitors had no effect. Instead, the down-regulation of CXCR4 was due to transcriptional regulation, as indicated by the corresponding down-regulation of mRNA expression. This xanthone also inhibited the invasion of pancreatic tumor cells in vitro. Down-regulation of CXCR4 and prevention of cell invasion by the xanthone were both found to be mediated through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) as N-acetylcysteine, a ROS quencher, abolished these effects. When examined in an orthotopic nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer, intraperitoneal administration of GA suppressed both tumor growth and metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue showed that besides decreasing the level of CXCR4, GA also reduced the expression of VEGF and MMP-9, which are also linked to invasion and metastasis. Thus, our results demonstrate gambogic acid’s potential in suppressing tumor invasion and metastasis through down-modulation of CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathways. Citation Format: Sahdeo Prasad, Sanjay Srivastava. Down-regulation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by gambogic acid suppresses metastasis of pancreatic cancer in an orthotopic mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1237.
Renal Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Recipients Receiving Standard Immunosuppression and Early Renal Sparing Immunosuppression: A Retrospective Single Center Study.

New-onset stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. In 2010, we instituted an early renal sparing immunosuppression (RSI) protocol for LT recipients with severe renal dysfunction (pre-LT dialysis/estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<30mL/min/1.73 m2 or post-LT acute kidney injury) consisting of 2 doses of basiliximab for induction and delaying tacrolimus to post-LT day 4-7. We examined the effect of early RSI on post-LT renal outcomes. Methods Data on all adults who had LT between January 1, 2010, and December 12, 2014 were collected. We calculated the renal risk index (RRI) score for each LT recipient (https://rri.med.umich.edu). Primary outcome was new-onset post-LT stage 4-5 CKD. Results Of 214 LT recipients, 121 (57%) received early RSI and 93 (43%) received standard immunosuppression. Cumulative incidence of new-onset stage 4-5 CKD was higher in early RSI compared with standard immunosuppression (P = 0.03). Female sex and RRI score were the significant risk factors for development of post-LT stage CKD in the entire study cohort as well as the LT recipients with RRI ≥ sixth decile (high-risk group). Conclusions Delaying tacrolimus initiation combined with basiliximab induction did not have a durable effect on long-term renal outcomes in high-risk LT recipients. Further studies are needed to identify the effective strategies to preserve renal function by targeting patients at high risk for CKD progression.
Real-time Trust-Building Schemes for Mitigating Malicious Behaviors in Connected and Automated Vehicles

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has raised security and safety concerns. A malicious attacker can not only have a compromised vehicle broadcast spoofed positioning information to nearby vehicles, but also send fake emergency reports to traffic management systems. Previous works on mitigating such malicious behaviors focus on either developing cryptography mechanisms for identity authentication or conducting plausibility checking by individual vehicle to evaluate the trust of messages sent by others. This paper proposes two types of architectures (centralized and distributed) for mitigating malicious behaviors based on the collaboration between trust authorities and vehicles. They differ from previous approaches in that the trust authority and vehicle nodes collaborate but take different responsibilities in plausibility checking and maintaining trust in order to build trust on each vehicle in real-time, rather than only relying on the judgment from each individual vehicle. Also, the trust value maintained by the trust authority in our approach is for revoking certificates of vehicle nodes based on pre-defined patterns of trust changes. The pros and cons of each architecture are evaluated through an experimental simulation. In addition, the proposed architectures for trust-building can be extended in future works to encourage benign behaviors in the long run.
OCLC's public service systems: EPIC and FirstSearch

OCLC entered a new phase of information delivery with the introduction of EPIC in 1990 and FirstSearch in 1991. Both systems are designed for use in public services: EPIC by librarians, FirstSearch by library patrons. EPIC functions like other traditional online services on the market, both in terms of searching and pricing. In contrast, FirstSearch incorporates innovative searching and pricing features that set it apart from traditional online search systems. Both offer access to the vast OCLC Online Union Catalog. This article will analyze the similarities and differences, strengths and weaknesses of the two new OCLC services
Assessment of Lung Cancer Screening Program Websites.

Importance The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that individuals at high risk for lung cancer consider benefits and harms before pursuing lung cancer screening. Medical centers develop websites for their lung cancer screening programs, but to date little is known about the websites’ portrayal of benefits and harms or what next steps they recommend for individuals considering screening. Objective To assess the presentation of potential benefits and harms and recommended next steps on lung cancer screening program websites. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional content analysis of 162 lung cancer screening program websites of academic medical centers (n = 81) and state-matched community medical centers (n = 81) that were randomly selected from American College of Radiology lung cancer screening–designated centers was conducted. The study was performed from December 1, 2018, to January 31, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Website presentation of screening-associated benefits and harms was the primary outcome. Benefit was defined as any description related to the potential reduction in lung cancer mortality. Harms were based on the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations and included false positives, false negatives, overdiagnosis, radiation exposure, and incidental findings. The secondary outcome was next steps that are recommended by websites. Results Overall, the 162 lung cancer screening program websites described the potential benefits more frequently than they described any potential harms (159 [98%] vs 78 [48%],P Conclusions and Relevance Information on public-facing websites of US lung cancer screening programs appears to lack balance with respect to portrayal of potential benefits and harms of screening. Important harms, such as overdiagnosis, were commonly ignored in the sites evaluated, and most of the centers did not explicitly guide individuals toward a guideline-recommended, shared decision-making discussion of harms and benefits.
The Future of Hospitality Management Programs: A Wakeup Call:

Since the founding of Cornell’s Hotel School—the world’s first, and arguably the finest, collegiate hospitality management program—almost 100 years ago, hospitality management programs have served ...
Courting Disaster: The Underappreciated Risk of a Cyber-Insurance Catastrophe

Cyberattacks have the potential to cause simultaneous, very large losses to numerous firms across the globe, thus resulting in a cyber “catastrophe.” Moreover, there are plausible reasons for believing that a future cyberattack could produce world-wide losses that are larger by an order of magnitude than any past attack. This Article argues that such a cyber-catastrophe could cripple the insurance industry, for two primary reasons. First, many traditional property/casualty policies might well provide “silent-cyber” coverage of a much larger portion of these costs than is now anticipated, because a cyber catastrophe could well result in “physical damage or loss” to tangible property resulting from cyberattacks. This is especially true for auto and homeowners coverage, which generally do not expressly exclude cyber-risk due to the historic absence of cyber claims in these domains. But even general commercial property and CGL policies might cover significant elements of this loss, depending on their terms. Second, a cyber catastrophe could cripple the growing number of insurers providing "cyber insurance" coverage, which expressly cover various losses associated with cyberattacks and the compromise of electronic data. These cyber-insurers face unique difficulties in using two of the most important insurance tools for limiting their exposure to catastrophe risk: coverage exclusions and underwriting. Although cyber-insurers have historically offset these difficulties by insisting on artificially low coverage limits, competition is increasingly rendering this strategy unworkable. In short, both traditional forms of insurance and new forms of cyber insurance are courting disaster. The Article therefore closes by identifying and analyzing several alternative approaches to protecting traditional insurance from catastrophic cyber loss and encouraging new forms of cyber insurance that provide increased coverage without exposing insurers to excessive financial risk.
Maximizing Output from an Equipment Fleet in a Semiconductor Fab

Given today's high market demand for semiconductor products, device manufacturers are looking for ways to maximize the output of good wafers from their fab and optimize their returns on invested capital. One key opportunity is to increase the output of potential bottleneck tool groups (fleets) within a fab. Studies of the capacity planning for medium-to-large fabs show that almost any tool group can become a bottleneck and limit a fab's potential output.