cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies between Existing Jobs and Individual Interests: An Empirical Application of Holland's Model

Abstract This study compared data on existing positions in a wide variety of occupational categories and corresponding normative data on career interests in those same occupations. Data was based on U.S. labor statistics and Holland typology norms for career interest categories using separate analyses for samples of high school students and working adults. For the adult sample, separate analyses were conducted for men and women. Results of loglinear analyses indicated an overall discrepancy between existing positions and normative interests. Certain occupational categories exhibited high normative interest but a low number of existing positions, while other occupational areas exhibited low normative interest relative to the number of existing positions. Implications are discussed for development of career interests that will reduce this discrepancy.
Mechanisms of Adhesion to Clays, with Reference to Soil Systems

Soil is undoubtedly the most complex of all microbial habitats. Primarily because of this complexity, there is insufficient information on how and where most microbial events—including adhesion—occur in soil in situ and which microbes are numerically and physiologically the most important participants in these events. The abiotic components of soil have been relatively well defined, both qualitatively and quantitatively. However, the micro-geographic distribution and the geometric relations of abiotic components to each other, and to the microbiotic component, and the interactions among and between the abiotic and microbiotic components are not clearly defined. Most of what is known about the composition of the abiotic components has been obtained by dispersing soil (either chemically or physically, including sonically) and, after careful fractionation, conducting detailed chemical (both inorganic and organic) and physical analyses on the individual fractions (see Marshall, 1964; Rich and Kunze, 1964; Black, 1965; Schnitzer and Kahn, 1972; Gieseking, 1975; Dixon and Weed, 1977; Greenland and Hayes, 1978; Stevenson, 1982).
Aβ40 Protects Non-toxic Aβ42 Monomer from Aggregation

Abstract Aβ40 and Aβ42 are the predominant Aβ species in the human body. Toxic Aβ42 oligomers and fibrils are believed to play a key role in causing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of Aβ40 in AD pathogenesis is not well established. Emerging evidence indicates a protective role for Aβ40 in AD pathogenesis. Although Aβ40 is known to inhibit Aβ42 fibril formation, it is not clear whether the inhibition acts on the non-toxic monomer or acts on the toxic Aβ42 oligomers. In contrast to conventional methods that detect the appearance of fibrils, in our study Aβ42 aggregation was monitored by the decreasing NMR signals from Aβ42 monomers. In addition, differential NMR isotope labelling enabled the selective observation of Aβ42 aggregation in a mixture of Aβ42 and Aβ40. We found Aβ40 monomers inhibit the aggregation of non-toxic Aβ42 monomers, in an Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio-dependent manner. NMR titration revealed that Aβ40 monomers bind to Aβ42 aggregates with higher affinity than Aβ42 monomers. Aβ40 can also release Aβ42 monomers from Aβ42 aggregates. Thus, Aβ40 likely protects Aβ42 monomers by competing for the binding sites on pre-existing Aβ42 aggregates. Combining our data with growing evidence from transgenic mice and human genetics, we propose that Aβ40 plays a critical, protective role in Alzheimer's by inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ42 monomer. Aβ40 itself, a peptide already present in the human body, may therefore be useful for AD prevention and therapy.
A study of strontium isotopes in lakes and surficial deposits of the ice-free valleys, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Abstract The ice-free valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, contain saline lakes including Lake Vanda in Wright Valley and Lake Bonney in Taylor Valley. The source of the salts dissolved in the brines has not yet been identified. Strontium in water-soluble salts of soil samples in Wright Valley has 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios ranging from 0.7119 to 0.7157 with an average of 0.7144 ± 0.0008 (1 σ). This value is very similar to the 87 Sr 86 Sr ratio of brines in Lake Vanda ( 87 Sr 86 Sr = 0.7149 ± 0.00017 ), but differs significantly from the 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios of seawater (0.7094 ± 0.00012) and basaltic rocks of the McMurdo Volcanics (0.7044 ± 0.00046). The Sr in Lake Vanda therefore could not have originated from seawater or from volcanic rocks of the area, but may have been derived by chemical weathering of the igneous and metamorphic rocks exposed in Wright Valley. The 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios of Lake Bonney are invariant with depth and average 0.7130 ± 0.00014 (1 σ), whereas the Sr concentrations increase from 0.7345 ppm near the surface to a maximum of 39.92 ppm at a depth of 25 m. The Sr concentrations at greater depth decrease slightly to 35.88 ppm at 30 m. The Sr in water-soluble soil salts near Lake Bonney and of the Taylor Red Cone is similar isotopically to the Sr in the lake. The 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios of soil salts and of meltwater in Taylor Valley decrease systematically from Lake Bonney toward the coast. The water in Lake Fryxell, which is closest to the coast, has an 87 Sr 86 Sr ratio of 0.7090 and is identical to that of seawater. The evidence from this and similar studies in other parts of the world indicates that the 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios of saline brines in closed continental basins are representative of the Sr in the rocks underlying the basin. The Sr in carbonate and sulfate minerals precipitated from such brines preserves the 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios that existed at the time of deposition. Because of these relationships we suggest that stratigraphic variations of the 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios of non-marine carbonate or sulfate rocks reflect changes in the geology of the drainage basin. The isotopic composition of Sr of such rocks may therefore provide useful information about the geologic histories of continental basins.
Parallel Kalman filtering on the Connection Machine

A parallel algorithm for square-root Kalman filtering has been developed and implemented on the Connection Machine (CM). Performance measurements show that the CM filter runs in time linear in the state vector size. This represents a great improvement over serial implementations, which run in cubic time. A specific multiple-target-tracking application in which several targets are to be tracked simultaneously, each requiring one or more filters, is considered. A parallel algorithm that, for fixed-size filters, runs in constant time, independently of the number of filters simultaneously processed, has been developed. >
Spray application of live attenuated F strain-derived Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines

SUMMARY Live attenuated vaccines (LAV) are commonly used to protect commercial table egg producers from economic losses associated with challenges by the respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Currently, 4 MG LAV are commercially available within the United States. Consistent among vaccines, protection afforded by the MG LAV is contingent upon successful application and manufacturer recommended means of application may vary by product. They include vaccination via drinking water, spray, and eye drop. Due to producer preferences, the associated recommended vaccination route may reduce LAV applicability at an individual poultry facility. To investigate the effect of an alternative vaccination route on vaccine efficacy, 2 MG-distinct LAV, which are considered to be of common origin yet differ in their respective recommended application routes (drinking water vs. spray), were both applied to egg layer-type pullets via spray application. Vaccine efficacies were assessed following application of varying doses (0, 1/100, 1/10, 1, and 10×) of each MG LAV and determining the corresponding postvaccinal immunological responses, LAV-derived in vivo populations, and protection against virulent MG challenge. When applied by spray application, both MG LAV resulted in comparable immune responses, viable LAV-derived in vivo populations, and protection against virulent MG challenge. Interestingly, dosage rates beyond those recommended by the manufacturers of both LAV were necessary for consistent effects under the conditions of the experiment.
Electrical Energy Storage Using Flywheels

Flywheel energy storage systems use the kinetic energy stored in a rotor; they are often referred to as mechanical batteries. On charging, the fywheel is accelerated, and on power generation, it is slowed. Because the energy stored is proportional to the square of the speed, very high speeds are used, typically 20,000–100,000 revolutions per minute (rpm). To minimize energy loss due to friction, the rotors are spun in a vacuum and use magnetic bearings. The rotors today are typically made of high-strength carbon composites. One of the main limits to fywheels is the strength of the material used for the rotor: the stronger the rotor, the faster it can be spun, and the more energy it can store.
Toward a General Theory of Organizational Deterioration

Organization studies have typically ignored the problem of organizational deterioration. In developing a general theory of organizational deterioration, supporting literature is reviewed, definitions for the theory are explained, a series of hypotheses are constructed, and implications for organizations are discussed. Unlike the previous conceptualizations of organizational deterioration, this article presents the hypothesis that organizations will ultimately deteriorate; however, they will deteriorate at different rates depending upon the strength of management, institutional incentives, and environmental pressures. This theory presents a challenge for both managers and theorists in the future.
Impact of Loading Selection and Sequencing on a Force Balance Calibration (Invited)

*A six-component balance calibration is simulated to compare a conventional one factor at a time (OFAT) loading schedule that has been in use at Langley Research Center for several decades, with a more recent balance loading schedule based on the Modern Design of Experiments (MDOE). MDOE experiment designs incorporate certain quality assurance tactics into the design of the experiment, which are described. MDOE and OFAT calibration results are compared for the same balance for four prescribed error environments, each featuring a random component of unexplained variance and various degrees of systematic error. The effectiveness of MDOE quality assurance tactics is quantified by several metrics. Nomenclature n = Number of points in a regression p = Number of terms in a regression model, including the intercept σ
Inflammation Partially Mediates the Association of Multimorbidity and Functional Limitations in a National Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The MIDUS Study

Objective: Older adults are increasingly likely to have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at greater risk of disability. Here we examine the role of inflammation in mediating the relationship between multimorbidity and disability. Method: Data are from the Survey of Mid-Life in the United States (MIDUS), a national sample of middle-aged and older adults. Structural equation models were used to assess direct relationships between multimorbidity and activities of daily living as well as indirect associations with a latent variable for inflammation (indicated by circulating levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen) as a mediator. Results: After adjustment for potential confounds, multimorbidity was positively associated with inflammation (p < .001) and functional limitations (p < .001), and inflammation partially mediated the link
Power groups, interests and interest groups in consolidated and transitional democracies: comparing Uruguay and Costa Rica with Paraguay and Haiti

Drawing on a representative sample of four countries, this article compares two related aspects of interest group activity across Latin America. First, it identifies the elements that determine the level of interest group system development and types of group activity across the region; and second it provides insights into the relationship of the level of institutionalization of a group system to the extent of the consolidation of democracy. The representative sample is composed of Uruguay and Costa Rica in comparison with Paraguay and Haiti. These are four countries with small populations that cover the spectrum of levels of socioeconomic and political development across Latin America, from Uruguay, one of the most developed, to Haiti one of the least developed. The article argues that across a spectrum of group development in Latin America, advanced systems have more or less integrated characteristics, whereas less developed ones manifest a dual or bifurcated group activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating Fcγ receptor-specific autoantibodies in localized and systemic scleroderma

Abstract Background: Anti-Fcγ receptor (anti-FcγR) autoantibodies occur in patients with systemic scleroderma. Their clinical significance is unknown. Objective: Our purpose was to determine the incidence of anti-FcγR autoantibodies in patients with localized and systemic scleroderma and to examine there lation between these autoantibodies, the severity of the disease, and the presence of other autoantibodies. Methods: Patients were placed into three clinical groups: three had diffuse systemic scleroderma, 47 had limited systemic scleroderma, and nine had localized systemic scleroderma. Antinuclear antibody titer and pattern were measured by indirect immunofluorescence with human epithelial (HEp)-2 cells and tissue sections, whereas anti-Scl-70 antibodies were measured by gel diffusion technique. Anti-FcγR autoantibodies were measured in serum from patients and from 25 healthy persons by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with human recombinant FcγRII (CD32) and FcγRIII (CD16). Results: Anti-FcγR autoantibodies were detected in 54% of patients and in none of the healthy control subjects. Autoantibodies were present in all three clinical groups and were most frequently directed against FcγRIII. Correlation between patients' clinical and laboratory data and anti-FcγR autoantibodies could not be demonstrated. Conclusion: The presence of anti-FcγR autoantibodies in the serum of patients with either systemic or localized scleroderma and the lack of these autoantibodies in healthy persons suggest that they may play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Heterologous Expression of the Adenosine A1 Receptor in Transgenic Mouse Retina

Traditional cell-based systems used to express integral membrane receptors have yet to produce protein samples of sufficient quality for structural study. Herein we report an in vivo method that harnesses the photoreceptor system of the retina to heterologously express G protein-coupled receptors in a biochemically homogeneous and pharmacologically functional conformation. As an example we show that the adenosine A1 receptor, when placed under the influence of the mouse opsin promoter and rhodopsin rod outer segment targeting sequence, localized to the photoreceptor cells of transgenic retina. The resulting receptor protein was uniformly glycosylated and pharmacologically well behaved. By comparison, we demonstrated in a control experiment that opsin, when expressed in the liver, had a complex pattern of glycosylation. Upon solubilization, the retinal adenosine A1 receptor retained binding characteristics similar to its starting material. This expression method may prove generally useful for generating high-quality G protein-coupled receptors for structural studies.
Foraminiferal and Sedimentary Record of Late Holocene Barrier Island Evolution, Pea Island, North Carolina: The Role of Storm Overwash, Inlet Processes, and Anthropogenic Modification

Abstract Foraminiferal and sedimentary data, supplemented with geochemical dating and ground-penetrating radar transects, show that the barrier island at Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge just north of Rodanthe, North Carolina, has been dominated by a combination of inlet and overwash processes for at least 1000 years. The stratigraphic record of several vibracores does not preserve every, or even many, overwash events but, instead, is characterized by three to four fining-upward sequences. The last three commence with overwash sand or gravel that is overlain by a variety of finer-grained estuarine, inlet, and marsh deposits. The dynamic nature of this segment of the Outer Banks was muted in the late 1930s by construction of artificial barrier dune ridges, extensive planting of grass and shrubs, and construction of Highway 12 in 1953. Subsequently, the road and barrier dune ridge were rebuilt and relocated several times following storm events.
Leptin in Teleost Fishes: An Argument for Comparative Study

All organisms face tradeoffs with regards to how limited energy resources should be invested. When is it most favorable to grow, to reproduce, how much lipid should be allocated to storage in preparation for a period of limited resources (e.g. winter), instead of being used for growth or maturation? These are a few of the high consequence fitness ‘decisions’ that represent the balance between energy acquisition and allocation. Indeed, for animals to make favorable decisions about when to grow, eat, or reproduce, they must integrate signals among the systems responsible for energy acquisition, storage, and demand. We make the argument that leptin signaling is a likely candidate for an integrating system. Great progress has been made understanding the leptin system in mammals, however our understanding in fishes has been hampered by difficulty in cloning fish orthologues of mammalian proteins and (we assert), underutilization of the comparative approach.
A multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract pathogens in the United States, 1992–1994: The Alexander Project

Abstract A multicenter, collaborative study was performed over a three-year period (1992–1994) to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis , and Streptococcus pneumoniae from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Isolates were collected from five geographically separated medical centers in the United States and sent to a central laboratory for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Of 350, 536, and 372 isolates of H. influenzae collected from the five centers in 1992, 1993, and 1994, 26.3%, 28.2%, and 30.1%, respectively, were β-lactamase-positive. All isolates of H. influenzae remained susceptible to ceftriaxone, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin over the three-year period. Between 95 and 100% of isolates of H. influenzae remained susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid cefixime, clarithromycin, and chloramphenicol over this same period. The prevalence of β-lactamase-positive isolates of M. catarrhalis increased from 92.1% in 1992 to 93.8% in 1993 and to 96.5% in 1994; however, isolates of this species were highly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, the cephalosporins, the macrolides, the fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The prevalence of penicillin-intermediate isolates of S. pneumoniae decreased from 16% in 1992 to 8.2% in 1994, whereas that of penicillin-resistant isolates increased from 5.6% to 10.9% in the same period. Ceftriaxone susceptibility declined from 95.2% to 88.4% over the three years, whereas chloramphenicol susceptibility declined from 98.4% to 90.5% and that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole declined from 85.6% to 68.7%. Macrolide activity remained unchanged.
Structural identification using a low-cost search method

An easily implementable and trainable damage detection method is proposed and implemented for a simple truss structure. The approach uses the iterative search identification method and is compatible with low-cost and low-power microcontroller hardware. This method employs pattern matching for a data set from a strain sensor array and predicts location (truss member) and severity (member cross sectional area) of damage. As a health monitoring approach, the method is not as robust or rigorous as more complex methods. However, it has modest processing requirements and can handle noisy signals. The work presents an algorithm applied to a truss structure, the simulation performance from a finite-element-analysis, and a discussion of capabilities. The simulation demonstrates differing damage locations, damage severity, and signal noise. Its suitability for low-cost and low-power field processors is discussed.
Reward system dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders

Although it has been suggested that social deficits of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are related to reward circuitry dysfunction, very little is known about the neural reward mechanisms in ASD. In the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we investigated brain activations in response to both social and monetary reward in a group of children with ASD, relative to matched controls. Participants with ASD showed the expected hypoactivation in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry in response to both reward types. In particular, diminished activation in the nucleus accumbens was observed when money, but not when social reward, was at stake, whereas the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex were hypoactivated within the ASD group in response to both rewards. These data indicate that the reward circuitry is compromised in ASD in social as well as in non-social, i.e. monetary conditions, which likely contributes to atypical motivated behaviour. Taken together, with incentives used in this study sample, there is evidence for a general reward dysfunction in ASD. However, more ecologically valid social reward paradigms are needed to fully understand, whether there is any domain specificity to the reward deficit that appears evident in ASD, which would be most consistent with the ASD social phenotype.
Harmonic cancellation under interleaved PWM with harmonic injection

This paper presents a general analysis of interleaved operation of three-phase voltage-sourced converters (VSC). Both the conventional symmetric interleaving and the more general, asymmetric interleaving with unequal carrier phase shifts are studied. For each case, previously reported analytical phase voltage spectral models are generalized to include the effects of harmonic injection into the reference (modulation) signals. The spectral models are then used to determine and quantify harmonic cancellation effects in the phase current, common-mode voltage, as well as dc-link current. The analyses will prove that harmonic injection doesn't affect harmonic cancellation in any of the variables mentioned above under symmetric interleaving. For asymmetric interleaving, a scaling factor is defined to model the effects of variable interleaving angles on individual harmonics. Examples are provided to demonstrate the potential benefits of asymmetric interleaving, such as minimization of EMI filter size. The analyses are further extended to regular-sampling PWM where complete harmonic cancellation usually doesn't happen to all sideband harmonics simultaneously. Numerical results are included to validate the analytical models.
The associative-skew clock routing problem

We introduce the associative skew clock routing problem, which seeks a clock routing tree such that zero skew is preserved only within identified groups of sinks. The associative skew problem is easier to address within current EDA frameworks than useful-skew (skew-scheduling) approaches, and defines an interesting tradeoff between the traditional zero-skew clock routing problem (one sink group) and the Steiner minimum tree problem (n sink groups). We present a set of heuristic building blocks, including an efficient and optimal method of merging two zero-skew trees such that zero skew is preserved within the sink sets of each tree. Finally, we list a number of open issues for research and practical application.
Topical imiquimod cream 5% for resistant perianal warts in a renal transplant patient

Renal transplant recipients represent a patient subgroup for whom the effective treatment of genital warts poses a significant problem in genitourinary medicine. This case demonstrates the safe and effective treatment of resistant perianal warts in a male renal transplant recipient using imiquimod.
An Ambiguous-Race Illusion in Children's Face Memory

Adults show better memory for ambiguous faces of their own race than for ambiguous faces of another race, even when the faces are identical and differentiated only by extraneous cues to racial category. We investigated whether similar context effects operate early in development. Young children raised in predominantly White environments were presented with computer-generated White-Black morphed faces, each paired with either the White or the Black face that contributed to its construction, and were told that the two faces in each pair were siblings. The children's subsequent recognition memory was more accurate for faces that had been paired with White siblings than for faces that had been paired with Black siblings. The same effect did not obtain when the ambiguous faces were paired with White or Black faces that did not contribute to their construction and did not look like siblings. These findings suggest that face memory in children is not driven exclusively by visual information present in faces and ...
Network performance analysis on IEEE 802.11g with different protocols and signal to noise ratio values

Wireless local area network (WLAN) based on IEEE 802.11 standards has experienced tremendous growth in recent years. The 802.11g is one of 802.11 standards that offer data transmission at up to 54 Mbps, compared with the 11 Mbps theoretical maximum with the earlier 802.11b standard. This study experimentally examined network performance of an IEEE 802.11g WLAN. It focused on the effect of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), transport protocol, chipset design, and the impact of file size or the number of users on the network throughput and delay performances. The measurement results indicated that the network delay is exponentially related to SNR. Hence an empirical delay model was developed. The measurements also showed that for a given file size, the network throughput reached a saturation value at a critical SNR. This result confirmed with a throughput model developed for the 802.11b network by Rappaport. Both developed models can be used in conjunction with propagation models and site-specific information to optimally place network access points prior to actual 802.11g wireless network deployment. Throughput measurements were also obtained using transmission control protocol (TCP), multiple network users, and different packet sizes.
The New Political Economy of Taxation in Advanced Capitalist Democracies

Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 1-5, Atlanta, GA, and the 2000 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, April 27-30, Chicago, IL. The authors thank Steffen Ganghof, Philip Genschel, Mark Hallerberg, Alex Hicks, William Keech, Dennis Quinn, and the anonymous reviewers and editor of this journal for many helpful comments and Dennis Quinn for generously sharing data. Duane Swank thanks the German Marshal Fund of the United States and Marquette University for support of work incorporated in this paper. Data utilized in this paper are available from duane. swank@marquette.edu.
Case of Hypercalcemia Secondary to Hypervitaminosis A in a 6-Year-Old Boy with Autism

Vitamin A intoxication secondary to over-the-counter nutritional supplements and from its use in acne treatment has been described. However, there have been very few case reports of chronic hypervitaminosis A leading to hypercalcemia in the pediatric population. This paper describes a boy with hypercalcemia secondary to chronic vitamin A intoxication in the context of vitamin A usage for therapy of autism. In addition to discontinuation of vitamin A, hyperhydration, and furosemide, the hypercalcemia in this patient required the use of prednisone and pamidronate to normalize the calcium.
Depth of sedation in children undergoing computed tomography: validity and reliability of the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS)

Background. Safe care of sedated children requires ongoing assessment of the depth of sedation to permit early recognition of progression to over-sedation. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS) as a measure of sedation during procedures. The UMSS is a simple observational tool that assesses the level of alertness on a five-point scale ranging from 1 (wide awake) to 5 (unarousable with deep stimulation). Methods. Thirty-two children aged 4 months to 5 yr (mean 1.5 yr), sedated for computed tomography (CT), were studied prospectively. The CT nurse assessed sedation using the UMSS before sedative administration and every 10 min thereafter. The child was videotaped during each assessment, and segments were edited and their order was randomized. Four nurses blinded to sedative administration viewed the segments and scored sedation using the UMSS. One of these nurses also scored sedation using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and another using the Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAAS). To examine the test‐retest reliability, 75 randomly selected video segments were viewed and scored on a second occasion. Results. Changes in scores from baseline to discharge supported construct validity (P<0.0001). Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the UMSS and the VAS and OAAS. There was good interobserver agreement between blinded observers’ scores for each level of sedation and at discharge, and between blinded observers and the CT nurse for scores of 0 and 1 (lighter levels of sedation), but less agreement for scores 2 and 3 (deeper sedation) and discharge scores. Test‐retest reliability was supported by agreement in the observers’ UMSS scores. Conclusion. The UMSS is a simple, valid and reliable tool that facilitates rapid and frequent assessment and documentation of depth of sedation in children.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of autoimmune pancreatitis: diagnostic clues and pitfalls

Introduction Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an inflammatory process that has characteristic clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features but may mimic pancreatic malignancy. In this study, we reviewed our experience in the endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration evaluation of pancreatic lesions in patients with AIP. Materials and methods We searched the cytopathology archives and identified a total of 6 cases that had endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration evaluation and subsequent tissue biopsy or resection with a diagnosis of AIP. The clinical, cytologic, and histopathologic features were reviewed. Results The original cytologic diagnoses included negative, atypical, and suspicious for malignancy in 2 cases each. On retrospective review, these cases were characterized cytologically by the presence of mixed epithelial cells, mixed lymphocytes, and plasma cells, as well as cellular stromal fragments. Cytologic atypia of epithelial cells was observed in 4 of 6 cases, including mild (3 cases) and moderate (1 case) atypia. KRAS mutation analysis was performed in 4 cases with an indeterminate cytology diagnosis, which was negative in all cases. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the presence of trilineage epithelial, lymphoplasmacytic, and stromal elements may be suggestive but not definitive for a diagnosis of AIP. The role of KRAS mutation analysis in AIP remains inconclusive and may warrant further evaluation.
Deuteron Magnetic Resonance in Some Amorphous Semiconductors

Deuteron magnetic resonance (DMR) measurements have been made on plasma-deposited samples of a-Ge: D, H; a-Si:D,F; and a-SiGe:D,F. The experiments were performed at 30.7 MHz with a Bruker CXP 200 spectrometer and a probe constructed to permit operation at high rf power down to temperatures near 4 K. The 50 to 100 mg samples comprise less than 1 mm flakes in Kel-F containers of 5 mm diameter.
Direct Measure of Metal–Ligand Bonding Replacing the Tolman Electronic Parameter

The Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) derived from the A1-symmetrical CO stretching frequency of nickel-tricarbonyl complexes L-Ni(CO)3 with varying ligands L is misleading as (i) it is not based on a mode decoupled CO stretching frequency and (ii) a generally applicable and quantitatively correct or at least qualitatively reasonable relationship between the TEP and the metal-ligand bond strength does not exist. This is shown for a set of 181 nickel-tricarbonyl complexes using both experimental and calculated TEP values. Even the use of mode-mode decoupled CO stretching frequencies (L(ocal)TEPs) does not lead to a reliable description of the metal-ligand bond strength. This is obtained by introducing a new electronic parameter that is directly based on the metal-ligand local stretching force constant. For the test set of 181 nickel complexes, a direct metal-ligand electronic parameter (MLEP) in the form of a bond strength order is derived, which reveals that phosphines and related ligands (amines, arsines, stibines, bismuthines) are bonded to Ni both by σ-donation and π-back-donation. The strongest Ni-L bonds are identified for carbenes and cationic ligands. The new MLEP quantitatively assesses electronic and steric factors.
A Motivational Interviewing Intervention for the Classroom

Despite attempts to engage students, undergraduate instructors are often challenged by low motivation among students to study outside of the classroom. The current study adapted motivational interviewing, which is often used with therapy clients ambivalent to change, to target college student motivation to study for exams. Findings indicated improved performance on exams following the brief 15- to 20-min intervention. The present study supports both the effectiveness and feasibility of this brief, classroom-based motivational intervention. This psychological intervention might be particularly fitting for psychology classes because an explanation of the intervention itself can serve as an additional learning opportunity.
The Use of Journal Clubs in Science Teacher Education

This qualitative study explored how in a 7-month-long journal club pre- and inservice science teachers engaged with education research literature relevant to their practice to reduce the theory–practice gap. In the journal club they had the opportunity to critique and analyze peer-reviewed science education articles in the context of their classroom practice. Data sources included audio recordings of the meetings; semi-structured pre- and post-interviews of the teachers; focus groups; and artifacts (e.g., journal articles, reflective paper, email exchanges, and researcher’s field notes). Data were analyzed using the techniques of grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss in Basics of qualitative research, 3rd ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, 2008). In addition we used some preconceived categories that we created from existing literature on journal clubs and communities of practice (Newswander & Borrego in European Journal of Engineering Education 34(6): 561–571, 2009; Wenger in Communities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998) and from our previous research (Tallman & Feldman, 2012). We found that the journal club incorporated the three characteristics of a community of practice (Wenger in Communities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998) into its functioning (mutual engagement, joint enterprise, and shared repertoire). The teachers mutually engaged around the joint enterprise of reading, critiquing, and understanding the research studies with the goal of improving practice. The teachers also asked each other analytical questions, which became a shared repertoire of the journal club. They reflected on their practice by presenting, reading, and discussing the articles, which helped them to determine whether and how the findings from the articles could be incorporated into their teaching practice. In doing so, they learned the skills needed to critique the research literature in relation to their practice as classroom teachers.
Growth of Larval Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on an Artificial Diet and Synchronization of the Last Larval Stadium

Sugarcane borers, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were reared successfully on nine different artificial diets. Although male sugarcane borer larvae were equal in weight to females at egg hatch, they pupated in less time and achieved smaller larval maximum and 1-day-old pupal weights. Males completed larval development in five and six stadia and females in six stadia. Growth was larger for larvae completing development in six stadia than in five stadia, irrespective of sex. The peak period for egg hatch and ecdysis was a few hours after lights-on, whereas pupation appeared to occur at random. Ecdysis to the last stadium occurred during days 12 to 14 after egg hatch. By choosing last-stadium 0-day-old borers ≥70 mg and 1-day-old borers ≥140 mg, a synchronous population of last-stadium female sugarcane borers was obtained in which there was a positive correlation of feeding with weight gain, oxygen consumption, and hemolymph osmolality.
Writing for publication.

If you've never written an article before, it can seem like a monumental task. These tips will ease the way.
Differential Susceptibility of German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Sexes and Nymphal Age Classes to Insecticides

Sexes and nymphal age classes of insecticide-susceptible and resistant strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were evaluated for susceptibility to bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin. In all cases, late-stage nymphs had higher LC50s (µg per insect) and LD50s (µg/mg) than adult males. In most cases, these nymphs were also more difficult to kill than adult females. This reduced susceptibility to insecticides in late-instar nymphs occurred irrespective of weight differences, type of insecticide, or strain of cockroach. Females had significantly higher LC50s (µg per insect) than males for bendiocarb (resistant strain), chlorpyrifos (susceptible and resistant strains), and cypermethrin (susceptible strain). However, LD50s (µg/mg) for males and females were the same for bendiocarb (susceptible and resistant strains), chlorpyrifos (susceptible strain), and cypermethrin (susceptible and resistant strains). Resistance ratios for bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin were higher for some life stages and sexes than for others. Resistance ratios were 6-10 for bendiocarb in adult males and females, but ratios for 4- to 6-wk-old nymphs were 5-100. For chlorpyrifos, the resistance ratio was 7 for males but 20 for females. Males were 32-fold resistant to cypermethrin but 3- to 6-wk-old nymphs were 44-94-fold resistant.
Interpreting the role of pH on stable isotopes in large benthic foraminifera

L. L. Robbins1*, P. O. Knorr1‡, J. G. Wynn2, P. Hallock3, and P. J. Harries4 U.S. Geological Survey, 600 4th St S, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, 2800 Faucette Drive, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Supreme Court Review: Analysis: Federal Jurisdiction is Addressed

Commentary and analysis of the trio of Supreme Court’s 1992 decisions in Ankenbrandt v. Richards; American Red Cross v. S.G. and A.E.; and Willy v. Coastal Corp. Both Ankenbrandt and American Red Cross deal with who has access to a federal forum. In Ankenbrandt, a litigation involving the historical domestic relations exception to federal court jurisdiction, a unanimous Court held that the plaintiff had properly invoked the federal court’s diversity jurisdiction to hear her tortious injury lawsuit against her former husband. Although upholding federal jurisdiction on this ground, a six Justice majority reaffirmed the existence and vitality of the domestic relations exception to bar those suits from federal diversity jurisdiction. Justice Blackmun wrote a separate concurrence distancing himself from the majority’s conclusions. In American Red Cross, the Court held that the language in the American Red Cross’s congressionally-granted charter conferred a capacity for that entity to sue and be sued in federal court. The court relied on and reaffirmed its holding in Osborn v. The Bank, decided in 1824. Finally, in Willy v. Coastal Corp., an appeal from a Rule 11 sanction imposed on Willy, the Court again reaffirmed that the federal court’s Rule 11 sanctioning power does not transgress the Rules Enabling Act. The Court further held that a court’s final determination of a lack of its own subject matter jurisdiction does not automatically wipe out all proceedings that occurred at a time when the district court had the misapprehension that it had jurisdiction. The interest in courts having its rules obeyed does not disappear upon a subsequent determination that the court was without subject matter jurisdiction.
A Well-Defined Isocyano Analogue of HCo(CO)4. 1: Synthesis, Decomposition, and Catalytic 1,1-Hydrogenation of Isocyanides

Reported here is the synthesis and characterization of the tetrakis(m-terphenyl isocyanide)cobalt hydride HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1; ArMes2 = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)2C6H3). Monohydride 1 serves as a well-defined isocyano analogue of the tetracarbonyl hydride HCo(CO)4. While tetrakis-phosphine analogues of HCo(CO)4 have been reported previously, these compounds have failed to exhibit a reactivity profile that can be compared and contrasted with HCo(CO)4 in a systematic fashion. Herein, HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) is shown to be a readily accessed and reactive complex that allows for this comparison. For example, HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) is found to decompose smoothly to the κ1-C-iminoformyl complex Co(η6-(Mes)-κ1C-C(H)NArMes2)(CNArMes2) (2). Kinetic analysis of this decomposition and that of the d1-isotopomer DCo(CNArMes2)4 (1-d1) revealed a unimolecular process characterized by a large primary kH/kD isotope effect (3.2(6)) and no dependence on the presence of free CNArMes2. These data point to rate-limiting hydride α-migration and ...
Data Fusion Techniques for Early Warning of Clinical Deterioration

Algorithms for identification of deteriorating patients from electronic health records (EHRs) fuse vital sign data, which can be measured at the bedside, with additional physiological data from the EHR. It has been observed that these algorithms provide improved performance over traditional early warning scores (EWSs), which are restricted to the use of vital signs alone. This case study demonstrates the development of an algorithm which uses logistic regression to fuse vital signs with additional physiological parameters commonly found in an EHR to predict deterioration.
Honorary Authorship Practices in Environmental Science Teams: Structural and Cultural Factors and Solutions.

ABSTRACTOverinclusive authorship practices such as honorary or guest authorship have been widely reported, and they appear to be exacerbated by the rise of large interdisciplinary collaborations that make authorship decisions particularly complex. Although many studies have reported on the frequency of honorary authorship and potential solutions to it, few have probed how the underlying dynamics of large interdisciplinary teams contribute to the problem. This article reports on a qualitative study of the authorship standards and practices of six National Science Foundation-funded interdisciplinary environmental science teams. Using interviews of the lead principal investigator and an early-career member on each team, our study explores the nature of honorary authorship practices as well as some of the motivating factors that may contribute to these practices. These factors include both structural elements (policies and procedures) and cultural elements (values and norms) that cross organizational boundari...
Dynamics of a multicomponent vesicle in shear flow

We study the fully nonlinear, nonlocal dynamics of two-dimensional multicomponent vesicles in a shear flow with matched viscosity of the inner and outer fluids. Using a nonstiff, pseudo-spectral boundary integral method, we investigate dynamical patterns induced by inhomogeneous bending for a two phase system. Numerical results reveal that there exist novel phase-treading and tumbling mechanisms that cannot be observed for a homogeneous vesicle. In particular, unlike the well-known steady tank-treading dynamics characterized by a fixed inclination angle, here the phase-treading mechanism leads to unsteady periodic dynamics with an oscillatory inclination angle. When the average phase concentration is around 1/2, we observe tumbling dynamics even for very low shear rate, and the excess length required for tumbling is significantly smaller than the value for the single phase case. We summarize our results in phase diagrams in terms of the excess length, shear rate, and concentration of the soft phase. These findings go beyond the well known dynamical regimes of a homogeneous vesicle and highlight the level of complexity of vesicle dynamics in a fluid due to heterogeneous material properties.
Will delay discounting predict intention to quit smoking

Intention to quit cigarette smoking is significantly associated with making quitting attempts and actual quitting. Delay discounting is significantly associated with smoking initiation and success in quitting. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated the relationship between delay discounting and intention to quit smoking. In 2 separate observational, cross-sectional studies, the current investigation examines the relationship between delay discounting and intention to quit smoking within groups of smokers. Experiment 1 used data collected online and an adjusting-delay discounting task; Experiment 2 used data collected in the laboratory and an adjusting-amount discounting task. A total of 242 participants and 142 participants completed the online and on laboratory experiments, respectively. In both studies, participants with higher intention to quit smoking had significantly lower rates of discounting. These associations between intention to quit smoking and rates of delay discounting further support recent characterizations of delay discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of addiction. Understanding cognitive factors affecting treatment initiation such as intention to change, and the effects of delay discounting on these factors, in addition to the mechanisms by which they influence treatment outcomes might be essential to developing, disseminating, and implementing treatment interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record