cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Use of a Worksite Medical Home and ED Visits or Hospitalizations

Worksite medical homes may be a good model for improving employee health. The aim of this study was to compare the likelihood of being seen in the emergency department (ED) or being hospitalized by level of use (no use, occasional use, or primary care) of a worksite medical home, overall and by type of user (employee, adult dependent, or pediatric dependent). This was a retrospective analysis of claims data, using covariate-adjusted logistic regression models for ED visits and inpatient hospitalizations. Secondary data for the years 2006 to 2008 from a company that offers an on-site health care center (HCC) were used. Analyses were based on a data set that combines health plan claims and human resources demographic data. Overall, people who did not use the HCC were more likely to be seen in the ED (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval or CI [1.06, 1.37], P = .005) or to be hospitalized (adjusted OR = 1.58; 95% CI [1.34, 1.86]; P < .0001) compared with those who used the HCC for primary...
High-Temperature Corrosion of Fe3Al in 1% Cl2/Ar

The high-temperature corrosion of iron aluminide (Fe3Al) in environments containing chlorine has been investigated using the thermogravimetric method. The corrosion experiments were performed in a 1%Cl2–Ar mixture in the temperature range of 750 to 900°C. Two distinct stages of weight change during corrosion were observed: slow linear weight loss and subsequent fast linear weight-loss stage. Considering corrosion kinetics and products, different corrosion mechanisms are proposed for each stage. The first stage is characterized by localized chlorine attack, repassivation or defect healing by alumina- forming active oxidation and diffusion of volatile aluminum chloride to the gas/scale interface through dense aluminum oxide. The depletion of aluminum in the alloy near the metal–oxide interface after the first stage and the subsequent evaporation of iron chlorides may result in rapid weight loss during the second stage. It was observed that a significant amount of porous nonprotective oxide scale was formed by active oxidation in the second stage. The segregation of sulfur at the metal–oxide interface during the second stage was also observed.
Nocturnal Noninvasive Ventilation in Heart Failure

Sleep apnea (SA) is a common comorbidity contributing to the progression of heart failure (HF) and is independently associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital readmissions. The literature supports that effective treatment of SA (both obstructive and central) in HF improves cardiac function, morbidity, readmission rates, and mortality. Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is the most advanced form of positive airway pressure therapy equipped with sophisticated algorithms providing automatic anti-cyclic variable inspiratory pressure support, automatic end expiratory positive airway pressure, and a backup rate. ASV effectively treats hybrid sleep-related breathing disorders consisting of both central and obstructive events and adapts to the changing and dynamic phenotype of the SA disorders observed in HF. This chapter reviews the algorithms and use of ASV devices in treatment of comorbid SA and HF.
Factors affecting reactions to a rape victim.

ABSTRACT We examined the influence of the sex of the subject reacting to the rape victim, the type of rape (stranger vs. acquaintance), the location of the rape (inside vs. outside the victim's home), and the victim's attribution concerning the cause of the rape, on undergraduates' reactions to a rape victim. American undergraduates (264 women, 230 men) read a Rape Crisis Center Intake Form, watched a videotape of a rape victim (an actress) describing her psychological and behavioral reactions to the rape, and completed three questionnaires assessing their reactions to the victim. Women were more supportive of the rape victim than were men, and the stranger rape evoked more chance and characterological attributions than did the acquaintance rape. A rape outside the home evoked more chance attributions than did an “inside” rape. The rape victim was rated as having been more traumatized by the experience if she made any causal attribution than if she made no attribution at all.
Effects of inoculating fermentation and adjusting acid fermentation on nitrite content in fermented cabbage

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of inoculating fermentation and adjusting acid fermentation on nitrite content in fermented cabbages.Fresh cabbages were treated with lactic acid bacteria(2×10～6CFU/mL)or fermentation solution with the initial pH was 3.5,4.0,4.5 and 5.0,which adjusted by 0.2mol/L lactic acid buffer.Results showed that,under the inoculating fermentation process,nitrate content in the fermented cabbage reduced,and nitrite content was not higher than 1mg/kg.If the pH of initial fermentation solution was lower than 4.5,nitrite content during the fermentation reduced and lower than 3mg/kg.Both the two process could make nitrite content in fermented cabbage far below than national standard and be good for human health.
LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: A new, easy to use computed tomography based scoring system for sinus disease in cystic fibrosis: Validated with acceptable inter- and intra-rater reliability

Background: There is no CF specific CT based scoring system for sinus disease in CF. Aim/Objective: We propose a scoring system to quantify severity of CF related sinus disease. Design/Methods: After IRB approval, we validated a scoring system in 197 patients with CF ages 8-30 years (mean 17±6.3) and 120 aged matched non CF controls. CT were blindly interpreted by a pulmonologist, otolaryngologist, and a neuro-radiologist twice. Parameters:maxillary opacification and nasal cavity obstruction scored on an ordinal level (0-3) with 0=normal, 1=mild ( 66%), while nasal wall displacement, Uncinate process absent/demineralized, and Mucocele were scored as 1=yes, 0=no. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was measured using criteria derived from Landis & Koch (1997):0.0-0.2= poor, 0.21-0.4=fair, 0.4-0.6=moderate, 0.61-0.8=strong, and 0.81-1.0=excellent agreement. Results: Intra-Rater Reliability: In CF cohort, reliability for the 10 CT categories across the three raters ranged 33%-100%. Two (6.6%) were moderate and 27 (90%) were strong to excellent reliabilities. In control group, 2 (6.6%) were strong and 28 (93.3%) were excellent. Inter-Rater Reliability: in CF cohort, 10 CT categories across the three raters ranged from 10%-92%. Strong-excellent reliability (≥60%) were noted in 11 (36.3%), moderate in 7 (23.3%), fair in 11 (36.3%) and poor in 1 (3%). In control group, 4 (13.3%) were moderate, 2 (6.6%) strong and remaining 24 (80%) excellent. Conclusion: A new easy to use CT based scoring system for CF sinus disease was validated with acceptable inter- and intra-rater reliability.
EFFECT OF THE NITROFURAN–FURYLFURAMIDE–ON CRAB MEAT QUALITY

The effect of furylfuramide [2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2 furyl) acrylamide] on extending the shelf life of fresh crab meat was investigated. Results show that furylfuramide inhibited growth of the natural flora of crab meat (in vitro study). Very little growth occurred ill a medium containing 1 ppm of furylfuramide. Even less growth occurred in one containing 5 ppm. Aerobic plate counts of treated crab meat stored for 12 days indicated that treatment in a 5-ppm solution was as effective as treatment in a 20-ppm solution. Exposure of crab meat for 5 min to a 5 ppm solution gave optimum inhibition, all factors considered. The pH and ammonia content of samples correlated well with results of organoleptic tests. Organoleptic analysis show that furylfuramide extended the shelf life of crab meat by 2 to 4 days. Treatment of fresh picked crab meat in a 5–ppm solution of furylfuramide does not affect its appearance.
Flight Initiation Distance in a Freshwater Turtle, Chrysemys picta

Abstract Many wild animals are subjected to anthropogenic stressors in the form of direct human disturbances from recreational activities. However, for many species it is unknown how these stressors affect individual fitness and behavior. We tested whether painted turtles (Chrysemys picta), an imperiled freshwater species, would allow closer human approach as measured by the flight initiation distance in the regular presence of humans compared with turtles not exposed to humans. We collected data at a site closed to recreation and at one with regular recreation and found that painted turtles regularly exposed to the presence of humans had significantly shorter average flight initiation distances compared with those at the nonrecreation site. The ability of turtles to tolerate closer human approaches in recreational areas may allow turtle populations to coexist in the presence of some recreational uses.
Causes of Avascular Hypoechoic Testicular Lesions Detected at Scrotal Ultrasound: Can They Be Considered Benign?

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this study were to determine the cause of avascular hypoechoic lesions detected at scrotal ultrasound and to assess usefulness of sonographic and clinical features in differentiating benign from malignant etiologic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included 58 patients with avascular hypoechoic lesions detected at testicular ultrasound. The sonographic features recorded were lesion size and margins and presence of peripheral vascularity and focal calcifications. Also recorded were patient age, symptoms, risk factors, lesion palpability, and levels of serum tumor markers. The reference standard was pathologic results or at least 2-year stability documented with serial follow-up ultrasound studies. Features associated with malignant, including burnt-out, lesions and benign lesions were examined by Fisher exact test, Wilcox-on rank sum test, and the generalized estimating equations method for multivariable models. RESULTS. Sixty-three lesions were identified ...
Optimal design of switchable distribution capacitors by piecewise method

The problem of large system size in the optimal design of switchable capacitors installed on a radial distribution system is solved by a piecewise method. The algorithm is based on tearing the system into smaller subsystems, optimizing the individual subsystems, and coordinating the subsystem solutions to yield the overall system optimization. Studies on a test system show the piecewise method to have satisfactory results as well as the significance of using appropriate load models.
Cataract surgery in eyes with keratoconus: a review of the current literature.

Purpose of reviewThere are an increasing number of keratoconic eyes, requiring cataract surgery. We review the preoperative planning, intraoperative options, and postoperative management that aid in successful outcomes.Recent findingsManagement of keratoconic eyes requiring cataract surgery requires
End-of-Life Care

With the advent of the modern hospice movement in mid-twentieth century, longer life expectancy reflective of medical advances, growing attention to ethical issues, and development of palliative medicine, increased attention has been paid to palliative and end-of-life care in general. Similarly, interest in issues pertaining to end-of-life care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) also has gained more attention in the professional and lay media. Despite these developments, there continues to be many misconceptions issues specific to people with IDD at end of life. Current medical, social, ethical, and practical issues, as well as challenges faced by children and adults with IDD, reflect the gains that have been made and the ongoing need for further refinement of systems and supports.
The (Dis)continuity of Parenthood Among Incarcerated Fathers: An Analysis of Caregivers’ Accounts

The intersection of mass incarceration and fatherhood is of particular interest to a growing number of scholars, policymakers, and practitioners. In this study, the role of fathers in children’s li...
Surgical Correction of Metopic Craniosynostosis: A 3-D Photogrammetric Analysis of Cranial Vault Outcomes:

Objective:To evaluate 3-dimensional (3-D) photogrammetry as a tool for assessing the postoperative head shape of patients who had undergone cranial vault remodeling for metopic synostosis.Design:We...
Effect of Dose and 5α‐Reductase Inhibition on the Circulating Testosterone Metabolite Profile of Men Administered Oral Testosterone

Development of an oral testosterone therapy has proven extremely challenging because of extensive and variable first-pass metabolism. We investigated the in vivo metabolism of testosterone with increasing oral doses of testosterone, both alone and with the co-administration of dutasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor) by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In eugonadal men prior to dosing, the circulating concentration of testosterone, androstenedione, etiocholanolone-glucuronide, and androsterone-glucuronide was 8.6, 20.9, 9.1, and 55.3%, respectively, of the total testosterone-related species, whereas testosterone-glucuronide was ∼1%. When testosterone was dosed orally to men with experimental hypogonadism, a proportion of testosterone-glucuronide increased to 13%. Dutasteride treatment significantly decreased levels of androsterone and its metabolites. This work reveals extensive metabolism of orally dosed testosterone to androsterone glucuronide via androstenedione, with testosterone-glucuronide appearing to be the second most important metabolite. This information is of importance in the development of an effective oral testosterone therapy and may have implications for testosterone doping research.
Monte Carlo with User-Specified Relative Error

Consider an estimate \(\hat{a}\) for a with the property that the distribution of the relative error \(\hat{a}/a - 1\) does not depend upon a, but can be chosen by the user ahead of time. Such an estimate will be said to have user-specified relative error (USRE). USRE estimates for continuous distributions such as the exponential have long been known, but only recently have unbiased USRE estimates for Bernoulli and Poisson data been discovered. In this work, biased USRE estimates are examined, and it is shown how to precisely choose the bias in order make the chance that the absolute relative error lies above a threshold decay as quickly as possible. In fact, for Poisson data this decay (on average) is slightly faster than if the CLT approximation is used.
Legal Practices and the Reason of the Law

Legal argumentation, like argumentation generally, occurs against a background of shared understanding and competence. This view, inspired by Kuhn's understanding of scientific reasoning, is in stark contrast to more traditional ‘rule-following’ accounts of legal argumentation. Below I consider reasons to reject the more traditional view of legal reasoning in favor of a roughly Kuhnian account of legal reasoning and conclude by raising skeptical questions about the cogency of legal reasoning when the tacitly accepted background conditions that make it possible are not critically examined.
Polarization of Dwarf Novae and Novalike Variables

Linear polarization observations have been made over the past several years on several bright dwarf novae (DN) and related objects (NL). The purpose was to investigate any possible variation that could be related to outburst state (changes in the asymmetry of the disk from max to min), short time scale variability (related to flickering) and variability over the orbital cycle (related to the view of the hot spot or to cyclotron emission as in the AM Her variables). The measurements were made at Kitt Peak (KP), Lowell (L), or Battelle Obs. (B) with either the Dyck (D), Hall/Bowell (HB) or Battelle (B) polarimeters and the system was calibrated in each case by taking 30-40 measurements of the nonpolarized and known polarized standards of Serkowski. The data is summarized in the following table. AE Aqr shows the only variation in mean p between runs while the largest variations on flickering timescales are evident in V Sge, RX And and V426 Oph. VSge and RX And show orbital phase dependent variability. SS Cyg does not show any changes in mean polarization over the outburst cycle although the wavelength dependence of the polarization (U-+R) reverses from max to min.
Providing Nuclear Criticality Safety Analysis Education through Benchmark Experiment Evaluation

One of the challenges that today's new workforce of nuclear criticality safety engineers face is the opportunity to provide assessment of nuclear systems and establish safety guidelines without having received significant experience or hands-on training prior to graduation. Participation in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and/or the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) provides students and young professionals the opportunity to gain experience and enhance critical engineering skills.
Use of FRET to Study Dynamics of DNA Replication

The DNA replisome is a large protein complex that accurately and efficiently copies an entire genome in every cell cycle. Numerous dynamic interactions must be regulated in order to control this process. Cellular integrity depends on the correct incorporation of each nucleotide and incorrectly incorporated bases must be removed by proofreading to prevent mutations. Lagging strand DNA polymerases and processivity clamps must be continuously recycled. When DNA replication forks encounter damaged DNA, translesion synthesis DNA polymerases replace replicative polymerases to allow bypass of the DNA damage. Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has provided key insights into the dynamics of these processes, including how DNA polymerases translocate on DNA, how DNA switches between polymerization and proofreading modes, and the numerous protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions that regulate replication processes. This chapter discusses advances that have been achieved through the application of FRET, including the use of fluorescent nucleotide analogs, to a number of DNA replication processes.
English Nominalization: Some Syntactic Issues

In this chapter, I spell out (and give reasons for) some syntactic assumptions underlying the semantics of nominals (1)–(3) proposed in the next chapter: (1) the performance of the song (2) the performing of the song (3) his performing the song
Neuroimaging correlates of lateral postural control in older ambulatory adults

In older adults, impaired postural control contributes to falls, a major source of morbidity. Understanding central mechanisms may help identify individuals at risk for impaired postural control. To determine the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) with lateral postural control. Neuroimaging and postural control were assessed in 193 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 82, 55.4% female, 44.6% black). GMV, WMH, and diffusion tensor-derived markers of microstructure (MD and FA) were quantified for total brain and regions of interest. Lateral postural control was defined as the root mean square error (RMSE) of lateral sway during a visual feedback test. Associations were assessed with linear regression, adjusted for total brain atrophy and risk factors for impaired postural control. RMSE was higher for women than men (p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with gait speed (r = − 0.20, p = 0.01), modified mini-mental state (r = − 0.27, p < 0.001), digit symbol substitution test (r = − 0.20, p = 0.01) and quadriceps strength (r = − 0.18, p = 0.01). RMSE was inversely associated with GMV of bilateral precuneus (r = − 0.26, p = 0.01) and FA of corpus callosum and selected tracts in the right hemisphere (anterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, inferior longitudinal and fronto-occipital fasciculi), independent of covariates (r = − 0.34 to − 0.18, p ≤ 0.04). Lower GMV and microstructural white matter integrity in selected networks can explain worse lateral postural control in older ambulatory adults without neurologic diseases. Neuroimaging markers of poor postural control in healthy aging may help identify increased fall risk and design preventative fall strategies.
Teaching Ethics: A Framework for Thought and Action.

Education for ethics is a topic that is appearing frequently in journals and conferences, but there is little or no agreement on a theory of ethics education and action. This paper proposes non-nat...
All of the Above: One Way State Regulatory Frameworks Impact the Utility of the Future

As utilities anticipate the adoption of distributed energy resources (DER) and regulators implement performance-based regulatory schemes, it will become increasingly important for utilities and regulators to agree on the anticipated rate and scale of DER adoption. Traditionally, regulated utilities are measured and incented (often through penalties) by the traditional metrics associated with reliability and customer satisfaction. During the transition period that will in all likelihood last the next 5-10 years - and even longer in some U.S. states due to the lack of markets - utilities will feel the need to request capital investment plans that both maintain their existing infrastructure and anticipate future needs, including both infrastructure needs associated with anticipated future growth/demand and investment in future oriented systems and capabilities to enable their emerging role as an integrator and optimizer of DER at scale. This scenario is the very definition of the need for legal regimes that can respond to new circumstances and uncertainties in modeling or planning for the electricity mix of the future. This situation is very real today in states such as New York and California. For example, in New York, Consolidated Edison filed a new rate case in January 2016, to be effective January 2017, including capital spend exceeding their historical average as they invest to maintain their aging infrastructure, continue their investment in storm hardening due to climate change, anticipate future infrastructure needs associated with load growth, and invest in the new capabilities that are necessary for them to play the role of the Distribution System Platform (DSP) as required by the Reforming the Energy Vision (REV). There is significant uncertainty regarding the anticipated adoption rates of DER, and therefore, the capital required for future load growth. In today's environment, regulatory frameworks do not effectively allow for this uncertainty, encouraging Consolidated Edison to take a conservative position based on their requirement to maintain performance relative to the traditional metrics of reliability and customer satisfaction. A more innovative and flexible legal regime would quickly incorporate elements of a new performance-based regulatory scheme, both incenting the adoption of DER at an accelerated pace and providing legal and financial limits of liability in the case of lower adoption rates and a resulting impact on reliability and customer satisfaction. The regulatory scheme must also provide guidance regarding the deployment of private capital versus rate-based capital. However, due to customer and stakeholder engagement constraints, this guidance should not be developed through traditional ratemaking, Integrated Resource Plan (“IRP”), or avoided cost proceedings.
A Voltage-Controlled Capacitor with Wide Capacitance Range

A Voltage-Controlled Capacitor (VCC) consisting of a voltage dependent capacitor and a series capacitor aiming at wide capacitance range within its voltage rating is presented. The operational principle, structure, and component selection are illustrated based on the requirements of working frequency, required maximum and minimum capacitance, and rated voltages. One VCC was fabricated and tested at 250 kHz and its capacitance is varied from 34 nF to 163 nF under the lowest dc capacitor voltage and from 32 nF to 150 nF under the highest dc capacitor voltage.
CD47 Expression in Natural Killer Cells Regulates Homeostasis and Modulates Immune Response to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

CD47 is a ubiquitous cell surface receptor that directly regulates T cell immunity by interacting with its inhibitory ligand thrombospondin-1 and limits clearance of cells by phagocytes that express its counter-receptor signal-regulatory protein-α. Murine natural killer (NK) cells express higher levels of CD47 than other lymphocytes, but the role of CD47 in regulating NK cell homeostasis and immune function remains unclear. Cd47-/- mice exhibited depletion of NK precursors in bone marrow, consistent with the antiphagocytic function of CD47. In contrast, antisense CD47 knockdown or gene disruption resulted in a dose dependent accumulation of immature and mature NK cells in spleen. Mature Cd47-/- NK cells exhibited increased expression of NK effector and interferon gene signatures and an increased proliferative response to interleukin-15 in vitro. Cd47-/- mice showed no defect in their early response to acute Armstrong lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection but were moderately impaired in controlling chronic Clone-13 LCMV infection, which was associated with depletion of splenic NK cells and loss of effector cytokine and interferon response gene expression in Cd47-/- NK cells. Broad CD47-dependent differences in NK activation, survival, and exhaustion pathways were observed in NK cell transcriptional signatures in LCMV infected mice. These data identify CD47 as a cell-intrinsic and systemic regulator of NK cell homeostasis and NK cell function in responding to a viral infection.
Multimodal Polypropylenes: The Close Interplay Between Catalysts, Processes and Polymer Design

Multimodality offers the possibility to tailor the continuous phase (matrix) and/or the dispersed phase of monophasic and/or heterophasic polypropylenes (PP) to get unique property profiles.
Diagnosis ofHelicobacter Pylori

In view of its potential risk for the development of gastrointestinal disease or even gastric cancer at a later age, the study ofHelicobacter pylori infection in childhood is gaining increasing importance andH. pylori infection is being considered a major issue of public health.H. pylori infection can be detected by a variety of methods. Because of its easy use, affordability, and overall availability, serology is the preferred diagnostic test, especially for large epidemiological studies. Based on our results, one might consider treating a child with recurrent abdominal pain and positive serology forH. pylori without further work-up, and only perform additional investigations when an anti-W.pylori therapy fails to resolve the complaints. According to this proposition, endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract remains indicated in children if the noninvastive tests forHelicobacter pylori are negative in the absence of a diagnosis, or if symptomatology persists despite treatment.
When Protagoras Made Aristotle His Fitch

While defending the principle of non-contradiction in Metaphysics 4, Aristotle argues that the Measure Doctrine of Protagoras is equivalent to the claim that all contradictions are true; given all ...
Impact of Nutritional Deficiencies on Children and Young Adults with Crohn's Disease Undergoing Intraabdominal Surgery

Abstract Purpose We examined the impact of comorbidities on length of stay and total hospital charges for children and young adults with Crohn's Disease (CD) undergoing surgery. Methods Patients ( Results We identified 3224 CD admissions with an intraabdominal surgery. The population was predominantly male, non-Hispanic white, and high school aged. There was an increase in LOS and THC for nutritional deficiency in all study years, and for depression and anemia in specific years. Multivariable linear regression revealed a 3.3–5.5 day increase in LOS associated with a comorbid diagnosis of nutritional deficiency. However, no increase in THC was seen for any comorbidity under evaluation. Conclusions Behavioral health and, particularly, nutritional status have a significant impact on the care of children and young adults with CD. Nutritional deficiency, anemia, and depression resulted in increased LOS for those undergoing surgery. Improved presurgical management of comorbidities may reduce LOS for these patients. Level of evidence III.
Leveraging correlations between polygenic risk score predictors to detect heterogeneity in GWAS cohorts

Abstract Evidence from both GWAS and clinical observation has suggested that certain psychiatric, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous, comprising multiple subtypes with distinct genomic etiologies and Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS). However, the presence of subtypes within many phenotypes is frequently unknown. We present CLiP (Correlated Liability Predictors), a method to detect heterogeneity in single GWAS cohorts. CLiP calculates a weighted sum of correlations between SNPs contributing to a PRS on the case/control liability scale. We demonstrate mathematically and through simulation that among i.i.d. homogeneous cases, significant anti-correlations are expected between otherwise independent predictors due to ascertainment on the hidden liability score. In the presence of heterogeneity from distinct etiologies, confounding by covariates, or mislabeling, these correlation patterns are altered predictably. We further extend our method to two additional association study designs: CLiP-X for quantitative predictors in applications such as transcriptome-wide association, and CLiP-Y for quantitative phenotypes, where there is no clear distinction between cases and controls. Through simulations, we demonstrate that CLiP and its extensions reliably distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous cohorts when the PRS explains as low as 5% of variance on the liability scale and cohorts comprise 50, 000 − 100, 000 samples, an increasingly practical size for modern GWAS. We apply CLiP to heterogeneity detection in schizophrenia cohorts totaling > 50, 000 cases and controls collected by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We observe significant heterogeneity in mega-analysis of the combined PGC data (p-value 8.54e-4), as well as in individual cohorts meta-analyzed using Fisher’s method (p-value 0.03), based on significantly associated variants.
Crohn’s disease: inflammatory type

Abstract Inflammatory phenotype of Crohn’s disease (CD) is a usual presentation of early phase of the disease. By definition, CD can involve any parts of the gastrointestinal tract, with the predominant location at the distal or terminal ileum. Although there are no pathognomonic endoscopic features, patchy or segmental distribution of inflammation and longitudinal ulcer along the mesentery edge are considered as characteristics of CD. The endoscopic presentations vary greatly between patients and between diseases at topographical locations. In addition, disease pattern in patients with an altered anatomy from bowel surgery may be different from that in those with naive bowel. An accurate recognition of these features is critical for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, disease monitoring, and treatment. It is important for endoscopists to document severity of inflammation, extent and distribution of disease, characteristics of erosion or ulcers, and concurrent structural complication, such as stricture and fistula. All those lesions should be biopsied particularly at the index endoscopy.
Placental Myeloid Cells Protect against Zika Virus Vertical Transmission in a Rag1-Deficient Mouse Model.

The ability of Zika virus (ZIKV) to cross the placenta and infect the fetus is a key mechanism by which ZIKV causes microcephaly. How the virus crosses the placenta and the role of the immune response in this process remain unclear. In the current study, we examined how ZIKV infection affected innate immune cells within the placenta and fetus and whether these cells influenced virus vertical transmission (VTx). We found myeloid cells were elevated in the placenta of pregnant ZIKV-infected Rag1-/- mice treated with an anti-IFNAR Ab, primarily at the end of pregnancy as well as transiently in the fetus several days before birth. These cells, which included maternal monocyte/macrophages, neutrophils, and fetal myeloid cells contained viral RNA and infectious virus, suggesting they may be infected and contributing to viral replication and VTx. However, depletion of monocyte/macrophage myeloid cells from the dam during ZIKV infection resulted in increased ZIKV infection in the fetus. Myeloid cells in the fetus were not depleted in this experiment, likely because of an inability of liposome particles containing the cytotoxic drug to cross the placenta. Thus, the increased virus infection in the fetus was not the result of an impaired fetal myeloid response or breakdown of the placental barrier. Collectively, these data suggest that monocyte/macrophage myeloid cells in the placenta play a significant role in inhibiting ZIKV VTx to the fetus, possibly through phagocytosis of virus or virus-infected cells.
U Scorpii 2010 outburst: observational evidence of an underlying ONeMg white dwarf

This paper presents U Sco nebular spectra collected in the period March–May 2010 after the binary outburst on Jan. 28, 2010. The spectra display strong [Nev ]a nd [Neiii] lines that can be used to compute the relative abundance of [Ne/O]. The value obtained ([Ne/O] = 1.69) is higher than the typical [Ne/O] abundance found in classical novae from CO progenitors and suggests that U Sco has a ONeMg white-dwarf progenitor. It follows that U Sco will not explode as a SN Ia but rather collapse to become a neutron star or a millisecond pulsar.
Evaluating the Geographic Compactness of Representational Districts

The federal Constitution requires that a census of the population in the United States be completed at the beginning of each decade. The results of these enumerations are used to “reapportion” or reallocate the seats, now limited to a total of 435, in the House of Representatives among the states. As a result of the 2000 Census of Population, for example, New York and Pennsylvania each had their delegations reduced by two seats while Florida and Texas each increased their presence in Congress by two Representatives.
Progressive Renal Decline: The New Paradigm of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes

On the basis of extensive studies in Joslin Clinic patients over 25 years, we propose a new model of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. In this model, the predominant clinical feature of both early and late stages of diabetic nephropathy is progressive renal decline, not albuminuria. Progressive renal decline (estimated glomerular filtration rate loss >3.5 mL/min/year) is a unidirectional process that develops while patients have normal renal function. It progresses at an almost steady rate until end-stage renal disease is reached, albeit at widely differing rates among individuals. Progressive renal decline precedes the onset of microalbuminuria, and as it continues, it increases the risk of proteinuria. Therefore, study groups ascertained for microalbuminuria/proteinuria are enriched for patients with renal decline (decliners). We found prevalences of decliners in 10%, 32%, and 50% of patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and proteinuria, respectively. Whether the initial lesion of progressive renal decline is in the glomerulus, tubule, interstitium, or vasculature is unknown. Similarly unclear are the initiating mechanism and the driver of progression. No animal model mimics progressive renal decline, so etiological studies must be conducted in humans with diabetes. Prospective studies searching for biomarkers predictive of the onset and rate of progression of renal decline have already yielded positive findings that will help to develop not only accurate methods for early diagnosis but also new therapeutic approaches. Detecting in advance which patients will have rapid, moderate, or minimal rates of progression to end-stage renal disease will be the foundation for developing personalized methods of prevention and treatment of progressive renal decline in type 1 diabetes.
Toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus wentii.

Mycelial extracts of an Aspergillus wentii strain grown on yeast-extract sucrose medium and initially isolated from country-cured ham were highly toxic when inoculated into chicken embryos or fed to mice. Moldy corn and rice were less toxic when fed to mice. Water extracts of moldy corn or rice or culture filtrates from yeast-extract sucrose medium were not toxic. Purification by thin-layer chromatography followed by crystallization yielded orange-red crystals that showed high toxicity and had a melting point of 285 to 286 C. Chloroform solutions of the crystals had absorption maxima at 270, 295, and 452 nm. The smallest amount of this component necessary to have zero hatchability of fertile eggs was 50 μg/egg.
Ethics and Social Value Judgments in Public Health

Public health, unlike medicine, is not about doctors treating individual patients. Public health is about population health. It is a collective social effort to promote health and prevent diseases – both communicable and noncommunicable – and disability that involves population surveillance, regulation of determinants of health (such as food safety and sanitation), and the provision of key health services with an emphasis on prevention. Because private actors lack sufficient incentive and ability to undertake population-wide measures, public health is a vital resource for which government is the crucial provider, enabled by its police powers and its ability to regulate, tax, and spend. The exercise of government powers for the health of its population raises ethical issues, such as public welfare, individual autonomy and freedom, privacy and confidentiality, just distribution of benefits and burdens, transparency, and public accountability. These ethical concerns sometimes conflict, pitting values against one another. How they should be balanced will vary on a case-by-case basis. This article dis- cusses justifications for government action in public health, the tension between individual freedom and public health, issues of distributive justice in public health, and ethical guidelines for public health policymaking.
Magma mixing in the San Francisco Volcanic Field, AZ

A wide variety of rock types are present in the O'Leary Peak and Strawberry Crater volcanics of the Pliocene to Recent San Francisco Volcanic Field (SFVF), AZ. The O'Leary Peak flows range from andesite to rhyolite (56–72 wt % SiO2) and the Strawberry Crater flows range from basalt to dacite (49–64 wt % SiO2). Our interpretation of the chemical data is that both magma mixing and crustal melting are important in the genesis of the intermediate composition lavas of both suites. Observed chemical variations in major and trace elements can be modeled as binary mixtures between a crustal melt similar to the O'Leary dome rhyolite and two different mafic end-members. The mafic end-member of the Strawberry suite may be a primary mantle-derived melt. Similar basalts have also been erupted from many other vents in the SFVF. In the O'Leary Peak suite, the mafic end-member is an evolved (low Mg/(Mg+ Fe)) basalt that is chemically distinct from the Strawberry Crater and other vent basalts as it is richer in total Fe, TiO2, Al2O3, MnO, Na2O, K2O, and Zr and poorer in MgO, CaO, P2O5, Ni, Sc, Cr, and V. The derivative basalt probably results from fractional crystallization of the more primitive, vent basalt type of magma. This evolved basalt occurs as xenolithic (but originally magmatic) inclusions in the O'Leary domes and andesite porphyry flow. The most mafic xenolith may represent melt that mixed with the O'Leary dome rhyolite resulting in andesite preserved as other xenoliths, a pyroclastic unit (Qoap), porphyry flow (Qoaf) and dacite (Darton Dome) magmas. Thermal constraints on the capacity of a melt to assimilate (and melt) a volume of solid material require that melt mixing and not assimilation has produced the observed intermediate lavas at both Strawberry Crater and O'Leary Peak. Textures, petrography, and mineral chemistry support the magma mixing model. Some of the inclusions have quenched rims where in contact with the host. The intermediate rocks, including the andesite xenoliths, contain xenocrysts of quartz, olivine and oligoclase, together with reversely zoned plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts. The abundance of intermediate volcanic rocks in the SFVF, as observed in detail at O'Leary Peak and Strawberry Crater, is due in part to crustal recycling, the result of basalt-driven crustal melting and the subsequent mixing of the silicic melts with basalts and derivative magmas.
On the Specification of Operator or Occupational Workload with Performance-Measurement Methods:

Five system-output or performance-measurement methods have been described in the literature for use in operator or occupational workload specifications: laboratory, analytic, synthetic, simulation,...
Evidence for regulatory variants of the dopa decarboxylase and alpha-methyldopa hypersensitive loci in Drosophila.

We have analyzed two variants of Drosophila melanogaster (RS and RE) which lead to the dual phenotype of elevated DDC activity and increased resistance to dietary alpha-methyldopa relative to Oregon-R controls. Both phenotypes show tight genetic linkage to the dopa decarboxylase, Ddc, and l(2)amd genes (i.e., less than 0.05 cM distant). We find that low (Oregon-R), medium (RS) and high (RE and Canton-S) levels of DDC activity seen at both pupariation and eclosion in these strains are completely accounted for by differences in accumulation of DDC protein as measured by immunoprecipitation. Genetic reconstruction experiments in which Ddc+ and amd+ gene doses are varied show that increasing DDC activity does not lead to a measurable increase in resistance to dietary alpha-methyldopa. This suggests that the increased resistance to dietary alpha-methyldopa is not the result of increased DDC activity but, rather, results from increased l(2)amd+ activity. Both cytogenetic and molecular analyses indicate that these overproduction variants are not the result of small duplications of the Ddc and amd genes, nor are they associated with small (greater than or equal to 100 bp) insertions or deletions. Measurements of DDC activity in wild-type strains of Drosophila reveal a unimodal distribution of activity levels with the Canton-S and RE strains at the high end of the scale, the Oregon-R control at the low end and RS near the modal value. We conclude that accumulated changes in a genetic element (or elements) in close proximity to the Ddc+ and amd+ genes lead to the coordinated changes in the expression of the Ddc and amd genes in these strains.
Fractionation and characterization of graphene oxide by oxidation extent through emulsion stabilization

Abstract The conversion of graphite to graphite oxide (GO) is an effective and widely used method for solubilizing and exfoliating graphite. The oxidation is not uniform however, and wide variations in the degree of oxidation exist between and within batches of GO. In this article we introduce an approach to both quantify the global degree of oxidation in GO and to separate GO into fractions with more uniform extents of oxidation. Using the formation of GO stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, GO is separated into an emulsion fraction and a water fraction. We find GO sheets that stabilize the emulsion droplets are less oxidized than sheets suspended in water as shown by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, elemental analysis and electrical conductance. The use of successive fractionation allows not only for the preparation of GO fractions with more narrowly defined properties, but also provides a method for characterizing GO batches. This promises to provide the field with a critical missing piece: a straightforward and standard method for the global characterization and comparison of GO made by different procedures and by different investigators.
High-precision tracking with non-blinking quantum dots resolves nanoscale vertical displacement.

Novel non-blinking quantum dots (NBQDs) were utilized in three-dimensional super-localization, high-precision tracking applications under an automated scanning-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (SA-TIRFM). NBQDs were randomly attached to stationary microtubules along the radial axis under gliding assay conditions. By automatically scanning through a wide range of incident angles with different evanescent-field layer thicknesses, the fluorescence intensity decay curves were obtained. Fit with theoretical decay functions, the absolute vertical positions were determined with sub-10-nm localization precision. The emission intensity profile of the NBQDs attached to kinesin-propelled microtubules was used to resolve the self-rotation of gliding microtubules within a small vertical distance of ∼50 nm. We demonstrate the applicability of NBQDs in high-precision fluorescence imaging experiments.
Some Fading Characteristics of Regular VHF Ionospheric Propagation

Some short-term fading characteristics of a type of ionospheric propagation first described by Bailey, et al. are presented and discussed. Continuous wave transmissions from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on 49.8 mc were received at Sterling, Virginia, on either rhombic or Yagi antennas directed toward the transmitter. The second detector output of a linear receiver was used to provide a voltage proportional to the envelope of the received signal. This fluctuating voltage was recorded, edited, and then analyzed to determine the probability distribution and autocorrelation function of the signal envelope. The correlation of the envelopes of signals received on spaced antennas was similarly determined for antennas spaced both normal and parallel to the transmission path.
Multi-layered image caching for distributed rendering of large multiresolution datasets

The capability to visualize large volume datasets has applications in a myriad of scientific fields. This paper presents a large data visualization solution in the form of distributed, multiresolution, progressive processing. This solution reduces the problem of rendering a large volume data into many simple and independent problems that can be straightforwardly distributed to multiple computers. By completely decoupling rendering and display with image caching, we are able to maintain a high level of interactivity during exploration of the data, which is key to obtaining insights into the data.
Binding constants for non-polar hydrophobic organics at the air-water interface: Comparison of experimental and predicted values

Abstract Values of air-water interfacial binding (adsorption) constants (Ka) for non-polar hydrophobic molecules determined experimentally by Karger and co-workers [2–5] are compared with a previously reported method of obtaining Ka from theoretical considerations [1]. The values of Ka are found to be correlated well with a molecular topological parameter called “first order molecular connectivity index”.
Implementing the defect prevention process in the MVS interactive programming organization

A process for preventing defects has been gaining momentum in the IBM Corporation as a way to improve quality and increase productivity. The Communications Programming Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (near Raleigh), has been implementing the process for the past six years and has realized a 54 percent reduction in errors. This paper documents experiences at the IBM Myers Corners Laboratory MVS Interactive programming area in putting the Defect Prevention Process theories into practice. This paper begins with the proposal to adopt the Defect Prevention Process at the Myers Corners Laboratory in Poughkeepsie, New York, and our experiences thus far. It is our belief that other organizations can benefit from our experiences by understanding how the Defect Prevention Process can be adapted to best meet the needs of any organization.