cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurotoxicity following acute inhalation of aerosols generated during resistance spot weld-bonding of carbon steel.

AbstractWelding generates complex metal aerosols, inhalation of which is linked to adverse health effects among welders. An important health concern of welding fume (WF) exposure is neurological dysfunction akin to Parkinson's disease (PD). Some applications in manufacturing industry employ a variant welding technology known as “weld-bonding” that utilizes resistance spot welding, in combination with adhesives, for metal-to-metal welding. The presence of adhesives raises additional concerns about worker exposure to potentially toxic components like Methyl Methacrylate, Bisphenol A and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we investigated the potential neurotoxicological effects of exposure to welding aerosols generated during weld-bonding. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed (25 mg/m3 targeted concentration; 4 h/day × 13 days) by whole-body inhalation to filtered air or aerosols generated by either weld-bonding with sparking (high metal, low VOCs; HM) or without sparking (low metal; high VOCs; LM). F...
Helping to Implement Co-Operative Learning

As instructional consultants, school psychologists must often help teachers choose and implement new instructional methodologies of potential benefit to students. Co-operative learning is one of these instructional approaches. During the past few years it has garnered a great deal of teacher and administrative interest, making it important that psychologists understand the nature of cooperative learning, the thrust of research, difficulties teachers might face and what they can do to support implementation. This article addresses these concerns.
Design for manufacturing meets advanced process control: A survey

Abstract Nanometer IC designs are increasingly challenged to achieve manufacturing closure, i.e., being fabricated with high product yield due to feature miniaturizations and process variations. Realizing the critical importance of addressing manufacturability/yield during design (which is loosely termed as DFM, design for manufacturing), there has been a surge of research activities recently from both academia and industry under the “DFM” umbrella. While the primary goal of DFM is to enlarge the manufacturing process yield window, DFM needs to work together with advanced process control (APC) to meet such window, which may be shrinking and changing from design to design. The paper will survey the key DFM activities and discuss related advanced process control issues (i.e., the counterpart of manufacturing for design) to provide a holistic perspective on the design and process integration.
Triage: In austere environments and echeloned medical systems

Although triage as a medical sorting process was originally developed and applied to echeloned military field medical systems dealing with mass casualties, the term has now permeated most aspects of medical practice. This essay attempts to refocus on triage in military and disaster settings, emphasizing the relationship of the echeloned system organization to the triage process, and the various non-medical factors which may influence triage decisions and priorities. Due to the lack of any analogous civilian experience, it is essential that all health personnel who may be involved in an echeloned care system gain and maintain proficiency by frequent involvement in appropriate training exercises, the characteristics of which are described.
Friction of diamond-like carbon films in different atmospheres

Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films constitute a class of new materials with a wide range of compositions, properties, and performance. In particular, the tribological properties of these films are rather intriguing and can be strongly influenced by the test conditions and environment. In this paper, a series of model experiments are performed in high vacuum and with various added gases to elucidate the influence of different test environments on the tribological behavior of three DLC films. Specifically, the behavior of a hydrogen-free film produced by a cathodic arc process and two highly hydrogenated films produced by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition were studied. Flats and balls used in these experiments were coated with DLC and tested in a pin-on-disc machine under a load of 1 N and at constant rotational frequency. With a low background pressure, in the 10 −6 Pa range, the highly hydrogenated films exhibited a friction coefficient of less than 0.01, whereas the hydrogen-free film gave a friction coefficient of approximately 0.6. Adding oxygen or hydrogen to the experimental environment changed the friction to some extent. However, admission of water vapor into the test chamber caused large changes: the friction coefficient decreased drastically for the hydrogen-free DLC film, whereas it increased slightly for one of the highly hydrogenated films. These results indicate that water molecules play a prominent role in the frictional behavior of DLC films—most notably for hydrogen-free films but also for highly hydrogenated films.
Myosins : Tails (and heads) of functional diversity

The myosin family of actin filament-based molecular motors consists of at least 20 structurally and functionally distinct classes. The human genome contains nearly 40 myosin genes, encoding 12 of these classes. Myosins have been implicated in a variety of intracellular functions, including cell migration and adhesion; intracellular transport and localization of organelles and macromolecules; signal transduction; and tumor suppression. In this review, recent insights into the remarkable diversity in the mechanochemical and functional properties associated with this family of molecular motors are discussed.
Perceptions of Anti‐Catholic Bias and Political Party Identification Among U.S. Catholics

Recent controversies in the news over anti-Catholicism alleged by elites on both the left and the right raise the question of how perceptions of religious prejudice relate to political preferences among Catholics. Using survey data on 746 self-identified adult Catholics, we examine the extent to which they perceive anti-Catholic bias and how those perceptions are related to political party identification. Catholics were asked whether they think there is a general anti-Catholic bias in the United States and whether each of seven sociopolitical groups is “hostile,”“friendly,” or “neutral” toward Catholics. The likelihood of perceiving a general anti-Catholic bias in the United States and anti-Catholic hostility from liberal sociopolitical groups increases with more frequent Mass attendance. The likelihood of perceiving hostility from conservative groups is unrelated to attendance. While the perception of a general anti-Catholic bias in the United States does not predict political party identification, perceptions of hostility from liberal groups tend to predict Republican identification, and perceptions of hostility from conservative groups tend to predict Democratic identification. Though perceived hostility from liberal groups has a stronger effect on party identification, we conclude that perceptions of anti-Catholic prejudice are related to the politics of some Catholics on both the left and the right.
Characterization of Ambient Airborne Particles by Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy

This article demonstrates that energy-filtered trairsmission electron microscop, (EFTEM) can be a valuable tool for the identification and analysis of nanometer-sized airborne particles. Ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) samples collected at Lexington, Kentucky were investigated using EFTEEM in combination with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), energg-dispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDS), selected area electron diffraction(SAED), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HARTEM). EFTEM provides a fast and convenient way to map the distribution of carbonaceous aggregates, which cnstitute a significant fraction of the samples. Sulfur-bearing particles are common in the submicron inorganic fraction. Sulfur elemental maps were obtained from some sulfur-beariang particles, and the oxidation state of sulfur was revealed to be primarily S(VI) as sulfate from the electron energy-loss near-edge fine structures of the sulfur L-edge. Other types of inorganic particles, such as silicon-bearin...
Significance of Body Weight as a Performance Parameter

Abstract The laying performance of different body weight classes, defined on both a genetic and phenotypic scale, were compared. The distribution of pedigreed Leghorn breeders of both sexes were truncated on the basis of 30 week body weight into two classes: light (L) or heavy (H). The progeny then were classified according to parental mating types as either L × L, L × H, or H × H. Differences among these progeny groups defined the genetic scale. The phenotypic scale was derived separately by phenotypic truncation of the progeny distribution into light (L), medium (M), and heavy (H) body weight classes at 30 weeks. Differences in rate of lay and in egg mass output between classes were in poor agreement with respect to the two scales. Light birds were poorest egg producers on the phenotypic scale but were the best egg producers on the genetic scale. Superior egg production by the heavy-bird class during the late spring and early summer months of the year could not be demonstrated. Deviations in body weight sharply reflected poorer performance on the phenotypic scale but not the genetic scale. This emphasizes the dominant role of management, feeding, and disease control over the genetic influence in maintaining optimum size for satisfactory productivity.
Multimedia Consent for Research in People With Schizophrenia and Normal Subjects: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Limitations of printed, text-based, consent forms have long been documented and may be particularly problematic for persons at risk for impaired decision-making capacity, such as those with schizophrenia. We conducted a randomized controlled comparison of the effectiveness of a multimedia vs routine consent procedure (augmented with a 10-minute control video presentation) as a means of enhancing comprehension among 128 middle-aged and older persons with schizophrenia and 60 healthy comparison subjects. The primary outcome measure was manifest decisional capacity (understanding, appreciation, reasoning, and expression of choice) for participation in a (hypothetical) clinical drug trial, as measured with the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) and the University of California San Diego (UCSD) Brief Assessment for Capacity to Consent (UBACC). The MacCAT-CR and UBACC were administered by research assistants kept blind to consent condition. Additional assessments included standardized measures of psychopathology and cognitive functioning. Relative to patients in the routine consent condition, schizophrenia patients receiving multimedia consent had significantly better scores on the UBACC and on the MacCAT-CR understanding and expression of choice subscales and were significantly more likely to be categorized as being capable to consent than those in the routine consent condition (as categorized with several previously established criteria). Among the healthy subjects, there were few significant effects of consent condition. These findings suggest that multimedia consent procedures may be a valuable consent aid that should be considered for use when enrolling participants at risk for impaired decisional capacity, particularly for complex and/or high-risk research protocols.
Home Is Where Their Health Is: Rethinking Perspectives of Informal and Formal Care by Older Rural Appalachian Women Who Live Alone

The purposes of this qualitative descriptive study were to describe the perceptions of rural, older Appalachian women who live alone regarding systems of informal and formal care and to understand if traditional cultural norms influence attitudes and decisions to access these two systems. Older Appalachian women in this study defined themselves and their health in terms of their homes and as women who care for themselves informally and value independence and privacy. Five major themes emerged from the data for informal care, and three related to formal care or use of it. The findings support a reconceptualization of informal and formal care and point out reasons why these women chose to use or not use these two systems of care. Furthermore, they reveal how changes in the formal care system could support health promotion and prevention strategies grounded in everyday ways of maintaining health within the context of home.
The p27cip/kip ortholog dacapo maintains the Drosophila oocyte in prophase of meiosis I.

Animal oocytes undergo a highly conserved developmental arrest in prophase of meiosis I. Often this marks a period of rapid growth for the oocyte and is necessary to coordinate meiotic progression with the developmental events of oogenesis. In Drosophila , the oocyte develops within a 16-cell germline cyst. Throughout much of oogenesis, the oocyte remains in prophase of meiosis I. By contrast, its 15 mitotic sisters enter the endocycle and become polyploid in preparation for their role as nurse cells. How germline cysts establish and maintain these two independent cell cycles is unknown. We demonstrate a role for the p21 CIP /p27 Kip1 /p57 Kip2 -like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (cki) dacapo in the maintenance of the meiotic cycle in Drosophila oocytes. Our data indicate that it is through the differential regulation of the cki Dacapo that two modes of cell-cycle regulation are independently maintained within the common cytoplasm of ovarian cysts.
The mass media and terrorism

The mass media promotes terrorism by stressing fear and an uncertain future. Major changes in US foreign and domestic policy essentially went unreported and unchallenged by the dominant news organi...
Influence of Hydration of the Environment on the Pattern of Nitrogen Excretion by Embryonic Snapping Turtles (Chelydra Serpentina)

SUMMARY Flexible-shelled eggs of common snapping turtles were incubated on wet and dry substrates. More than 70 % of the waste nitrogen accumulating in eggs on both substrates was in the form of urea, and less than 25 % was in the form of ammonia. Low levels of soluble urate were detected in eggs late in incubation, but insoluble urate was never present. Accumulation of ammonia and soluble urate was unaffected by the hydration of the environment, but more urea accumulated late in incubation in eggs on the wet substrate than in those on the dry substrate. Thus, embryos are ureotelic throughout development, and the pattern of accumulation of the primary nitrogenous waste is influenced by hydration of the environment.
Tech break up: a research method for understanding people's attachment to their technology

Tech Break Ups are an early stage research method that enables researchers to gain insights into ways in which people are attached to technology through improvised "break-ups." Informants verbally reflect on and formally end their relationships with technology that they previously used. The method was used in a study to understand peoples' relationship to technologies that enable creative work and reasons and moments for change in the relationship. This paper provides an overview of the method and its execution. The study reveals three primary factors of detachment for technologies that support creative work: changing self-identity, creative process, and creative ability. This case study suggests that the Tech Break Up Method can provide insights into product attachment to inform the design of new technology while simultaneously providing informants with an immediate positive experience through direct emotional expression to technology.
Polymer–trimannoside conjugates via a combination of RAFT and thiol–ene chemistry

We report the successful conjugation of a bioactive thiolated α(1,2)-trimannoside to a copolymer of allyl methacrylate (AMA) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) via photo-mediated thiol–ene chemistry. Well-defined copolymers of AMA and HPMA were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Trimannose conjugation was carried out using near stoichiometric ratios of thiolated trimannoside to pendant alkene functional groups contained within the copolymer. About 87% disappearance of the alkene groups was observed in 2 h by proton NMR spectroscopy with approximately 9 trimannose units grafted per polymer chain. The glycan-modified polymer showed binding activity against the mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A, as observed by UV-Vis spectroscopy agglutination and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) analysis. These results demonstrate the facile addition of multivalent glycan targeting moieties to polymeric carrier segments.
Inferring semantics from structural annotations of audio-visual documents

In this paper, a new approach for semantic extraction is proposed. Assuming that the semantics of interest associated to a multimedia document is subjective and that the user cannot easily construct a semantic description on different abstraction levels, we propose an interactive tool which allows to generate a semantic description by organizing an audio-visual document. The structural decomposition is the result of a guided annotation by the user: the user segments the input sequence in events, assigns each event to a specific class and includes other informations such as time, place and contained objects. The classification process can evolve dynamically, which means that the user can organize the semantics with various personalized and more specialized classes. Using the resulting structural descriptions and classification, our method automatically generates a richer semantic description. The system is totally MPEG-7 complaint.
Plant-Friendly Signal Generation for System Identification Using a Modified Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) Methodology

The Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) methodology and a modified SPSA version (MSPSA-K ) were investigated for the generation of plant-friendly multisinusoidal signals. Plant-friendly properties are determined by the sinusoidal phases that are optimally selected by either the SPSA or MSPSA- K algorithms. The MSPSA- K methodology principally differs from SPSA in that it perturbs the signal phase parameters in K subsets rather than simultaneously. Both SPSA and MSPSA-K provide a flexible, extensible computational framework to incorporate various plant-friendly performance measures into the design of an input signal for experimental design purposes in system identification. In this paper, an objective function comprised of the input signal crest factor, rate of change, acceleration, and output crest factor is presented and applied to a representative case study. A detailed analysis of the tradeoffs between these various performance measures is illustrated by the selection of the weighting values for the objective function components. Using the MSPSA-K method, it was found that dividing the phase parameters into two subsets resulted in better performance than simultaneously perturbing all parameters. Dividing the phase parameters into four subsets, however, did not provide any significant additional benefit. The proposed method can be applied to signals with an arbitrarily defined spectrum (in both amplitude and frequency spacing) and is easily implemented.
Poly[3,6‐(carbaz‐9‐yl)propanesulfonate]: A Self‐Doped Polymer with Both Cation and Anion Exchange Properties

A water‐soluble, self‐doped, electroactive polymer, poly[3,6‐(carbaz‐9‐yl)propanesulfonate] (PCPS), has been prepared for the first time. Electrochemical analyses show that this polymer has two separate oxidation states involving interactions of the polymer backbone with the covalently bound, self‐doping ions and counterions from electrolyte, indicating that the polymer has the ability to act as a potential‐dependent charge‐controllable membrane with both cation‐exchange and anion‐exchange properties. We have used the quartz crystal microbalance technique to investigate these two processes, to verify the self‐doping mechanisms exhibited by PCPS, and detail the charge/mass transport relationships in this polymer.
Adaptive Evolution for Increased Biomass and Magnetic Nanoparticle Productivity of Magnetotactic Bacteria

Large magnetic nanoparticles (over 25 nm diameter) are a valuable commodity but remain difficult to synthesize using traditional chemical synthesis methods. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTBs) have evolved mechanisms to produce monodisperse, protected magnetic nanostructures within organelles (magnetosomes). Genomic diversity of MTB species result in unique particle properties that vary in shape and size ranging from 30 nm to 150 nm based on the genetic background. Culturing and engineering MTBs for the production of magnetic nanoparticles carries tremendous potential but is underdeveloped. This primarily because MTBs are difficult to culture and genetically manipulate, limitations that could be alleviated with adaptive evolution. We propose the magnetotrophic reactor, a novel bioreactor system for adaptively evolving MTBs for better growth and magnetosome production. This platform is projected to be superior to the traditional evolution methods since robust growth phenotypes can be selected for while maintaining selective pressure for magnetotaxis. We provide, herein, a quantitative basis for our platform including considerations of continuous evolution, sizing, and magnetic field pulsing. Our proposed fermentation process anticipates scalable production of 1 g/L per day of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles to enable industrial applications.
An oscillation model of auditory stream segregation

Auditory segmentation is critical for complex auditory pattern processing. We present a neural network framework for auditory pattern segmentation. The network is a laterally coupled two-dimensional neural oscillators with a global inhibitor. One dimension represents time and another one represents frequency. We show that this architecture can in real time group auditory features into a segment by phase synchrony and segregate different segments by desynchronization. The network demonstrates the phenomenon that auditory stream segregation critically depends on the rate of presentation. The neuroplausibility of the model is discussed.
Simultaneous Repair of Right-Sided Coarctation and Vascular Ring

We present the case of a 4-year old girl with posterior fossa–hemangioma–arterial lesions–cardiac abnormalities/coarctation–eye abnormalities (PHACE) syndrome, an atypical, long-segment, right-sided coarctation of the aorta and vascular ring secondary to an aberrant left subclavian artery and left ligamentum. Simultaneous repair of both lesions was accomplished using a novel technique that included reimplantation of the aberrant left subclavian artery and translocation of the descending aorta to the proximal ascending aorta.
Teacher Questioning: A Verification and an Extension:

The state of the art of teacher questioning was explored in this study. Elementary school teachers' questions for selected passages were first analyzed using the question categories which Guszak had developed for his 1967 questioning study. This analysis suggested that teachers have not substantially changed their questioning practices in the last decade. Reanalysis of the same teachers' question-response sequences using Pearson and Johnson's (1978) taxonomy reveals a different pattern of results and raises an interesting line of inquiry regarding the validity of question taxonomies.
Enhancing a country’s competitiveness through “National Talent Management Framework”

Unquestionably in this era of globalization, human capital is one of the most valuable assets of every nation. The migration of highly skilled professional (Talent) around the world namely ldquoBrain Drainrdquo considerably affects the National Competitiveness especially in Science and Technology. Consequently, various programs have been implemented to reverse the ldquoBrain Drainrdquo into ldquoBrain Gainrdquo. This paper has been carried out with the purposes to present the current Brain Drain situation and the Reverse Brain Drain mechanism of seven significant countries which are Korea, China, India, Turkey, Africa, U.S. and Thailand and to propose a framework to capture the benefit from the international mobility of highly skilled professional especially in research, innovation, and entrepreneurship to their host country. Some significant findings are found from this study. First, Brain Drain is a global effect. It affects not only developing countries but also developed countries. The mobility of highly skilled professionals is asymmetrical and it might move towards Asian Countries in the near future. Second, strong programs to repatriate highly skilled professional aboard have been implemented but their progresses are in the different stages. Third, the three Key Success Factors (KSFs) that stimulate the Reverse Brain Drain mechanism can be identified which are Building National Science and Technology Infrastructure, Strong Supporting from Government and Private Sectors, Having National Policy in Human Resource Development. Last but not least, speaking of developing countries which is in the intermediate stage, Brain Circulation, strengthening their domestic human capital and trying to benefit from their highly skilled professionals overseas are extremely important. A "National Talent Management Framework" to manage Brain Drain can be one of the good solutions to cope with the Brain Drain situation.
Dissociation of Sarcoglycans and the Dystrophin Carboxyl Terminus From the Sarcolemma in Enteroviral Cardiomyopathy

Enteroviral infection can cause an acquired form of dilated cardiomyopathy. We recently reported that dystrophin is cleaved, functionally impaired, and morphologically disrupted in vitro as well as in vivo during infection with coxsackievirus B3. Genetic dystrophin truncations lead to a marked decrease in dystrophin-associated glycoproteins, whereas expression of only the naturally occurring dystrophin carboxyl terminus, Dp-71, restores the sarcolemmal association of the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins. We sought to determine whether acute cleavage of dystrophin leads to a dissociation of the carboxyl-terminal dystrophin fragment and of the sarcoglycans from the sarcolemma during coxsackievirus B3 infection. We found that in cultured cardiac myocytes and murine hearts infected with coxsackievirus B3, the sarcolemmal localization of the dystrophin carboxyl terminus is lost. The dystrophin-associated glycoproteins alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-sarcoglycan and beta-dystroglycan were markedly decreased in the membrane fraction of infected cells in culture, and the typical sarcolemmal localization for each of these proteins was lost in coxsackievirus-B3-infected cardiomyocytes in vivo. Furthermore, sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated that delta-sarcoglycan was physically dissociated from dystrophin within the membrane fraction. In vivo, the sarcolemmal integrity was functionally impaired with Evans blue dye uptake even though there was no generalized disruption of the sarcolemma of infected myocytes evidenced by intact wheat germ agglutinin staining. In analogy to hereditary sarcoglycanopathies, this disintegration of the sarcoglycan complex may, in addition to the dystrophin cleavage, play an important role in the pathogenesis of enterovirus-induced cardiomyopathy. These results imply a potential role for disruption of the sarcoglycans in an acquired form of heart failure.
Libet's Timing of Mental Events: Commentary on the Commentaries

Abstract This issue of Consciousness and Cognition presents four target articles and eight commentaries on the target articles. The present article presents comments on those commentaries, grouped into backward referral and volition categories. Regarding backward referral: (1) I disagree with my fellow commentators and take the unpopular position of defending Libet's notion of backward referral. (2) I join my fellow commentators in critiquing Libet's notion of a 500-ms delay. (3) I examine several of the hypotheses suggested by other commentators for why cortical and lateral meniscus stimulation give very different timing results. I suggest a simple experiment to help discriminate among the hypotheses. (4) I comment on why temporal reordering is more likely to occur late rather than early in mental processing. Regarding Libet's volition experiments, I ask what is the root of the controversy, given the general agreement on the data. I agree with a commentator that Libet's chronotheology rather than his chronoscience is the cause of much of the controversy. Rather than joining others in criticizing Libet for his chronotheology I point out that he is making a respectable philosophical (or theological) point regarding nondeterministic Free Will, but one that is easily misunderstood. I discuss two ways by which Libet's viewpoint can be brought into mainstream science.
‘“ Fuisse in Forma Hominis ” belongs to Christ Alone’: John Calvin's trinitarian hermeneutics in his Lectures on Ezekiel

The present article examines John Calvin's trinitarian and christological interpretation of Old Testament theophanies in his Praelectiones on Ezekiel 1. The first section of the article treats Calvin's exegetical principles. It is noted that Calvin defends a strict set of rules for how to interpret Old Testament theophanies: in short, Calvin argues that if a passage presents the divine nature in the form of a human person, that given theophany must be interpreted as a representation of the second person of the Trinity, the Son of God (i.e. Jesus Christ). In defending this position, Calvin examines in great detail various rules for how to interpret Old Testament passages which indicate a plurality within the divine nature (i.e. the Trinity). He defends his exegetical approach to these texts with numerous passages from the New Testament.This examination of Calvin's exegesis is contextualised in two ways. First, it is noted that Calvin's exegesis of these passages is uncharacteristically more ‘strict’ in its trinitarian and christological reading than one finds in earlier thinkers such as Augustine and Jerome. For example, Augustine argued that Old Testament theophanies which present God in the form of a human being could be understood as the Father, the Son or the Holy Spirit. Augustine, in short, does not think one can definitively determine which member of the Trinity is ‘present’ in a theophany. Second, it is noted that this surprising development in Calvin's final work is the result of the rising threat of anti-trinitarianism in Transylvania. Thus, the article argues that the rise of Polish anti-trinitarianism not only contributed to Calvin's renewed interest in trinitarian and christological interpretations of the Old Testament, but it also pushed him to develop a more strict set of exegetical rules which govern how such passages are interpreted.Therefore, the article presents a reading of Calvin which strongly suggests that any complete analysis of Calvin's alleged ‘Judaising’ must develop a historically nuanced methodology. While it is often argued that Calvin hesitates from interpreting Old Testament passages in a strictly trinitarian or christological way, it must be acknowledged that towards the end of his career he radically began to alter his exegetical rules/method given the renewed threat of the anti-trinitarians.
Qualidade de morango quanto à segurança

The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) production is affected by many pests and diseases, leading many producers to adopt inappropriate practices such as excessive use of pesticides which can affect fruit quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of strawberries as the chemical safety of pesticides. 27 strawberry samples from orchards in the region of Campinas-SP were analyzed. The samples packed in cardboard boxes and identified by producer were then taken to a laboratory accredited by INMETRO, for residue analysis. Products recommended for strawberry crops by MAPA as well as nom recommended ones, cited in recent PARA reports of 2008 and 2009 were evaluated. The results showed that 12 out of the 27 samples evaluated had at least one irregularity. The use of unauthorized products chlorfenapyr and folpet, pyrimethanil and ipridiona with MRL above the maximum levels allowed was detected. These irregularities highlight flaws in the strawberry production system, which makes its consumption unsafe, as has been reported by ANVISA in PARA reports. Therefore, it is essential to implement effective health surveillance actions, focusing on monitoring and evaluation of residues in strawberry crops.
Regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of cGMP

We tested the hypothesis that intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) regulates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors. The effect of chronic exposure to ANP, sodium nitroprus...
Clinical Teaching in Physical Therapy Education An Ethnographic Study

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to examine the process of clinical education from the viewpoint of clinical teachers. A three-month field study based on a grounded theory approach and involving simultaneous collection and codification of data led to the discovery and explication of two major components of the clinical education process. One component, the clinical teaching situation, identified the organizational and human factors that influence the type, quality, and quantity of the student learning. The second component, teaching tools used by the clinical teachers, identified the strategies used to pace the student to professional competence. The authors view the findings as a beginning understanding of how and why clinical education is fundamentally different from academic education.
Simulations of material-dependent detector responses for airborne gamma-ray spectroscopy

This work aims to create a library of predicted detector responses used for real-time background estimation during airborne gamma-ray spectroscopy. The simulated spectra are a function of naturally occurring radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium (KUT) and radioactive daughter products which are present in terrestrial-based materials. Self-attenuation within these materials varies, such that the gamma spectra emitted from the surfaces can differ, despite all having KUT origins. This study also compares various simulated detector responses among materials to determine if some could be accurately scaled from another across reasonable helicopter altitudes and orientations relative to the ground. Results show that materials with comparable sample thicknesses can be scaled consistently across altitude. This work allows for efficient background estimation via aggregation of simulated detector responses in real time.
The Relentless Effects of the Fontan Paradox

The Fontan operation is the anticipated palliative strategy for children born with single-ventricle type of congenital heart disease. As a result of important circulatory limitations, a series of end-organ complications are now increasingly recognized. Elevated central venous pressure and impaired cardiac output are the hallmarks of cavo-pulmonary flow, which result in a cascade of pathophysiological consequences. The Fontan circulation likely impacts all organ systems in an indolent and relentless manner, with progressive decline in functionality likely to occur in many. Liver fibrosis, altered bone density, decreased muscle mass, renal dysfunction, lymphatic insufficiency, and a host of other conditions are present. Standardized screening and evaluation of survivors as they grow through childhood and beyond is indicated and can be facilitated through dedicated multidisciplinary clinical programs. Invasive assessment at specific milestones can provide important actionable information to optimize individual status. More detailed characterization and understanding of these end-organ complications is necessary to contribute to the goal of achieving a normal duration and quality of life for these unique individuals.
Crown complexation of protonated amino acids: influence on IRMPD spectra.

We report infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectra for a series of crown-adducted, protonated amino acids, generated by electrospray ionization. The tight chelation of 18-crown-6 on the protonated NH3+ moiety results in a considerable red shift of the NH3+ stretch modes, notably the antisymmetric NH3+ stretch. This is rationalized by a distortion of the NH3+ normal mode potential energy surface, as verified by quantum chemical calculations. On the other hand, the local oscillator modes, such as the carboxylic acid OH stretch, indole NH stretch, and phenol OH stretches, remain well-resolved and are subject to minor and predictable blue shifts of 5–15 cm–1. Other chemically diagnostic modes, such as the guanidine NH stretch and alcohol OH stretches, also have discernible band positions. Crucially, some of these diagnostic band positions have little to no overlap with one another and can hence be readily distinguished. In addition, the complexes are often found to efficiently photodissociate by ...
Effect of Growth Regulators, Dark Treatment and Light Intensity on Shoot Organogenesis from Leaf Tissues of Evergreen Azalea

SummaryThe influence of several factors on in vitro shoot organogenesis of two evergreen azalea genotypes was investigated. A 5 × 5 factorial experiment was conducted with varying TDZ and IAA levels to determine optimum shoot organogenesis from leaf tissues of ‘Fuchsia’ and ‘Hino Crimson’. Leaf explants grown on a medium containing 22.7 µM TDZ and 22.8 µM IAA produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency for both ‘Fuchsia’ (64%) and ‘Hino Crimson’ (82%), and developed the highest mean number of shoots per explant, 5.9 and 4.9, respectively. Incubation of leaf explants in the dark for one week followed by culture under low-light intensity (30 u.mol m-2 s ) for five weeks, or incubation in the dark for two weeks followed by culture under either low-light or high-light intensities (90 µmol m–2 s–1) for four weeks resulted in the highest shoot regeneration frequencies and mean number of shoots per explant. Shoot regenerants were subcultured onto Anderson’s medium with 0,1.2 and 2.3 µM TDZ, or 2.3 µM zeati...
Insulin secretion and IP levels in two distant lineages of the genus Mus: comparisons with rat islets.

Islet responses of two different Mus geni, the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) and a phylogenetically more ancient species (Mus caroli), were measured and compared with the responses of islets from...
Application of efficient thickener with deep cone in phosphate mine dressing plant in Saudi Arabia

On the basis of introducing type selection and principle of deep cone thickener,problems existed in treating-400 mesh tailings slime with deep cone thickener in phosphate mine dressing plant in Saudi Arabia were investigated in detail.Solutions for the aforementioned problems were provided.
Government's Responsibility in the Process of Chinese Colleges and Universities'De-administration

Since the founding of New China,there are countless ties of affiliation relation between universities and the government.The government is the only master of universities,and makes possible administrative attachment of the university dominated by the government,resulting in the problem of administrative alienation of the development of Chinese universities.In the process of the sixty-year development of Chinese universities,the government has implemented a number of reforms concerning university administration,but to date,all the reforms have not yet broken through the administrative attachment of universities.In the current status of calling for de-administration,the government should examine its responsibility closely,support the healthy development of colleges and universities by making long-term policies and providing corresponding institutional safeguard and environmental conditions and help the institutions of higher learning realize their true sense by democracy and law.
Studies with a PNMT inhibitor

DCTQ (SK&F 64139) is a potent inhibitor of both adrenal and central nervous system (CNS) phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). In animal studies, a plasma level of 0.35 microgram/ml was associated with 50% inhibition of both adrenal and central PNMT. We performed single-dose phase I studies with DCTQ in man. Plasma drug levels up to 6.26 microgram/ml were readily obtained. There were few subjective and no objective clinical changes. DCTQ did not alter blood pressure or cause CNS symptoms in man. Furthermore, resting plasma and urinary catecholamines did not change after DCTQ. The study suggests that acute inhibition of PNMT under resting conditions is without significant clinical effect.
The Workflow for Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Chloroplast Development and Differentiation, Chloroplast Mutants, and Protein Interactions by Spectral Counting

This chapter outlines a quantitative proteomics workflow using a label-free spectral counting technique. The workflow has been tested on different aspects of chloroplast biology in maize and Arabidopsis, including chloroplast mutant analysis, cell-type specific chloroplast differentiation, and the proplastid-to-chloroplast transition. The workflow involves one-dimensional SDS-PAGE of the proteomes of leaves or chloroplast subfractions, tryptic digestions, online LC-MS/MS using a mass spectrometer with high mass accuracy and duty cycle, followed by semiautomatic data processing. The bioinformatics analysis can effectively select best gene models and deals with quantification of closely related proteins; the workflow avoids overidentification of proteins and results in more accurate protein quantification. The final output includes pairwise comparative quantitative analysis, as well as hierarchical clustering for discovery of temporal and spatial patterns of protein accumulation. A brief discussion about potential pitfalls, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of spectral counting, is provided.
Ophthalmic Emergencies in Cancer Patients

There are few ophthalmological emergencies that are life threatening, but a number of ocular conditions in oncology patients require immediate diagnosis and management. Important symptoms that patients may present with emergently include acute visual loss, diplopia, red eye, proptosis, epiphora, ptosis, flashes, and floaters. Although the pathological processes that cause these symptoms are frequently isolated to the eye, they may also be harbingers to underlying malignancy, cancer recurrence, or complications secondary to chemotherapy and radiation. The ability to recognize and diagnose these diseases is imperative to preserve vision and possibly extend life. This chapter reviews the differential diagnosis and management of common ocular or visual symptoms encountered in a cancer hospital-based emergency center.
Co-chairman's Opening Remarks on Measurement in AEP Studies*

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the use of discriminant analysis (DA) as a pattern recognition technique for examining average evoked potential (AEP). The chapter describes an experiment in which synthetic EPs were generated by summing five damped sinusoids, thus producing a waveform with five independent components, each of which could be independently manipulated. Each average evoked response is described in terms of two preselected EPs representing conditions that define a dimension. For example, in an intensity experiment, the stimuli of maximal intensity should yield the largest possible differences between the EP and an average of ongoing EEG. Data obtained with other stimuli can be described in terms of a template that is derived from two curves representing the maximal intensity EP and the ongoing noise. The score for noise alone is quite different from the noise score for signal noise.
Survivability analysis and recovery support for smart grids

The increasing scale and complexity of power grids exacerbate concerns about failure propagation. A single contingency, such as outage of a transmission line due to overload or weather-related damage, can cause cascading failures that manifest as blackouts. This paper articulates an approach for quantifying system survivability, which describes degraded operation in the presence of a fault in terms of “system condition” and “service capacity.” Also proposed is a recovery strategy based on importance analysis, where the goal is to maintain the highest survivability in the course of the recovery process. The proposed methods are illustrated by application to the IEEE 9-bus test system, a simple model system that allows for clear articulation of the process. Simulation is used to capture the effect of faults in both physical components of the power grid and the cyber infrastructure that differentiates it as a smart grid.
Regulation of Hematopoiesis by Cholesterol

Leukocytosis is a risk factor for athero-thrombotic disease in humans, and develops in animal models of atherosclerosis in response to feeding high-fat, high-cholesterol diets. The ATP binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 promote cholesterol efflux to apoA-1 and high density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively and are targets of liver X receptor (LXR) transcription factors. Mice lacking ABCA1/G1 develop a dramatic myeloproliferative phenotype with monocytosis and neutrophilia, associated with expansion and proliferation of hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor populations (HSPCs). The transporters are highly expressed in HSPCs where they act to control proliferative responses to growth factors (IL-3, GM-CSF) by regulating plasma membrane lipid rafts and cell surface expression of the common β subunit of the IL-3/GM-CSF receptor. ABCG4 is closely related to ABCG1 but is expressed primarily in the megakaryocyte progenitor (MkP) population of the bone marrow. ABCG4-deficient mice have MkP proliferation and expansion, thrombocytosis, increased platelet/leukocyte aggregates and accelerated atherosclerosis. ABCG4 promotes cholesterol efflux onto HDL, and thereby reduces the cell surface expression of the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor. This appears to involve membrane cholesterol enrichment and interruption of a negative feedback loop involving the TPO receptor and mediated by Lyn Kinase and c-CBL which mediate ubiquitination and internalization/degradation of the receptor. Overall results suggest that ATP binding cassette transporters promote cholesterol efflux, decrease membrane lipid raft formation and enhance the feedback downregulation of growth factor receptors in response to growth factor binding, with anti-proliferative responses that may be beneficial in atherosclerosis and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Small Marine Reserves May Increase Escapement of Red Drum

Abstract An experimental stock enhancement program was conducted in Port Royal Sound estuary, South Carolina, in which cultured juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus, 2–3 cm TL, ∼40 days old) were released into a system of shallow tidal creeks that flow into the Colleton River. All fish were immersed in oxytetracycline (OTC) prior to release to produce an identifiable, chemical mark on the otoliths. The release area was typical of primary nursery habitat in this region. For four years post-stocking, fish were collected throughout the sound using hook and line, spear, and trammel net. Otoliths were examined for OTC marks to determine which fish were of hatchery origin. It was found that while dispersal was substantial, many stocked fish stayed in the general area of release (1.8 × 3.2 km) until reaching the age of maturity (∼age 3) when they left the estuary, and at all ages they were mixed with wild fish. This suggests that relatively small areas containing the appropriate suite of habitat types could be...