cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MARY J. SCHLEPPEGRELL , The language of schooling: A functional linguistics perspective

Mary J. Schleppegrell, The language of schooling: A functional linguistics perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004. Pp. 190. Hb. $45.00This is an important contribution to the discussion in the field of educational linguistics on the nature of academic language proficiency. The title itself evokes some of the questions in dispute: What aspects of “language” might the author have in mind? And is there really a different kind that could be said to be “of schooling?” Chap. 1 starts by delimiting the domain of school-related language ability that will be the object of scrutiny: advanced literacy. The skeptic may object that neither “school-related” (in relation to “language”) and “advanced” (in relation to “literacy”) are coherent, well-defined categories. In fact, some educators might go so far as to describe Schleppegrell's analysis as a type of “deficit model” of literacy, a characterization frequently directed toward attempts to differentiate between conversational ability and the kind of language ability required for advanced literacy (see Edelsky 1996). Cummins 2000, for example, has been strongly criticized along these lines.
Histone-DNA binding free energy cannot be measured in dilution-driven dissociation experiments.

Despite decades of study on nucleosomes, there has been no experimental determination of the free energy of association between histones and DNA. Instead, only the relative free energy of association of the histone octamer for differing DNA sequences has been available. Recently, a method was developed based on quantitative analysis of nucleosome dissociation in dilution experiments that provides a simple practical measure of nucleosome stability. Solution conditions were found in which nucleosome dissociation driven by dilution fit well to a simple model involving a noncooperative nucleosome assembly/disassembly equilibrium, suggesting that this approach might allow absolute equilibrium affinity of the histone octamer for DNA to be measured. Here, we show that the nucleosome assembly/disassembly process is not strictly reversible in these solution conditions, implying that equilibrium affinities cannot be obtained from these measurements. Increases in [NaCl] or temperature, commonly employed to suppress ...
Critical factors for emergency vehicle routing expert systems

Abstract A survey of professionals in the dispatching field was conducted to determine critical factors for the construction of an expert system knowledge base. The design goal is the Road Utilization Learning Expert System (RULES), an expert system that selects an appropriate path utilizing thought processes that the human expert would follow given various dynamic inputs and their expert knowledge. The survey results indicated that about 70% of police and fire chiefs nationwide would trust a computer with the task of dispatching their units, and that these respondents chose a computer system containing the knowledge of all human experts in the department as a method that elicits the greatest confidence and trust. In addition, may respondents expressed the need for verification of the suggested routes by human expert consultation. High degrees of relevance to the prediction of traffic flow were assigned to time of day, day of week, construction, and weather patterns. The validity of the results was verified by statistical analysis of responses to questions that had been designed for that purpose. We report on survey data critical to the design of the expert system and suggest that future emergency service dispatching systems requires expert computer assistance.
Radical anions from one-electron-reduced adrenochrome. Detection and identification by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Abstract Free radicals from the one-electron reduction of adrenochrome have been studied in aqueous solutions. These radicals have been detected and identified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, using spin stabilization methods (complexation with diamagnetic metal ions) to enhance radical concentrations. It is shown that the radicals have a characteristics ESR spectrum enabling their identification in complex systems. The spin density distribution in the radicals has been studied as a function of complexing metal ions and solvent composition. In the presence of oxidants (e.g., oxygen) the spectrum of the radical is replaced by that derived from the one-electron exidation of adrenochrome.
Experience matters more than specialty for carotid stenting outcomes.

Objective The introduction of carotid stenting has led to a rapid rise in the number of vascular specialists performing this procedure. The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs Stenting Trial (CREST) has shown that carotid stenting can be performed with an equivalent major event rate compared with carotid endarterectomy. However, there is still controversy about the appropriate training and experience required to safely perform this procedure. This observational study examined the performance of carotid stenting with regard to specialty and case volume. Methods From 2004 to 2011, inpatients diagnosed with carotid stenosis who had a carotid stenting procedure were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. The cohort was separated on the basis of the provider performing the procedure (surgeon vs interventionalist), hospital location, and volume. Surgeons were defined as providers who also performed either a carotid endarterectomy or femoral-popliteal bypass during the same time interval. Primary end points analyzed included stroke, myocardial infarction, and 30-day mortality. Length of stay and hospital costs were also analyzed as secondary outcomes. Results A total of 20,663 cases of carotid stenting were found; 15,305 (74%) cases were identified to be performed by a "surgeon," whereas 5358 (26%) were done by an "interventionalist." The majority of cases were done at hospitals in urban locations (96.51%) and designated teaching institutions (61.47%). Unadjusted outcomes were similar between surgeons and interventionalists in terms of stroke (4.33% and 4.41%), myocardial infarction (2.10% and 2.13%), and mortality (0.84% and 1.03%) respectively. Qualitatively, volume per 10 cases was shown to decrease the risk of stroke. Adjusted multivariate analysis demonstrated no statistical significance between primary end point outcomes. However, length of stay (2.81 vs 3.08 days) and total charges ($48,087.61 and $51,718.77) were lower for procedures performed by surgeons. Conclusions Surgeons are performing the majority of carotid stent procedures in the United States. The volume of cases performed by a provider, rather than the provider's specialty, appears to be a stronger predictor of adverse outcomes for carotid stenting. There were, however, significant cost differences between surgeons and interventionalists, which needs to be further evaluated at an institutional level.
Attention deficit disorder in reading-disabled twins: evidence for a genetic etiology.

In order to assess the genetic etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the basic regression model for the analysis of selected twin data (DeFries & Fulker, 1985, 1988) was fitted to questionnaire data (DICA: Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents; Herjanic, Campbell, & Reich, 1982) for 37 identical and 37 fraternal twin pairs tested in the Colorado Reading Project. Results of this analysis suggest that ADHD is highly heritable. Moreover, adjusting DICA scores for either IQ or reading performance differences did not substantially change parameter estimates. In future analyses of larger data sets, distinguishing between possible subtypes of attentional problems (e.g., ADD with or without hyperactivity) may facilitate tests of more searching etiological questions.
A study of a child psychiatrist's interventions.

Psychiatric assessment and interventions with 73 child and adolescent patients, and follow-up 1 year after the last clinical visit, are reported. The interventions were based on individual psychodynamic principles with the focus on the experience and expression of affect. It is proposed that many child psychiatric patients are likely to require very limited interventions over a brief period of time and that relatively few may be in need of, or candidates for, long-term individual psychodynamic psychotherapy.
Mothers' referential communication with preschoolers: Effects of children's syntax and mothers' beliefs

This study examined the effects of children's syntactic ability and mothers' beliefs about child development on mothers' questioning strategies on a referential communication task with preterm (N=19) or full-term (N=19) 4 12-year-olds. Children's syntactic skills were related to the dyads' communicative success and the frequency of mothers' questions. However, mothers' beliefs about the power of the environment to effect positive developmental outcomes, and their optimism about their child's future school performance predicted mothers' questioning strategies above and beyond the effects of the child's language skills. These influences operated similarly in the preterm and full-term groups. These findings suggest that mothers' beliefs about child development are important variables in the study of communicative input to children.
BrainGrab: Capturing Curator Expertise as Reusable Annotation Rules

Experienced biocurators can outperform automated systems on specific genes once they determine which pieces of evidence should drive annotation, and which annotations should be spread. The annotation logic may weigh both homology evidence (BLAST matches or HMM hits) and non-homology evidence (neighboring genes, metabolic context, taxonomic group). Unfortunately, the expertise developed to annotate each gene is short-lived, and is mostly lost if the logic driving the annotation is not captured. We report the development of BrainGrab, an interface added to the MANATEE manual annotation tool for prokaryotic genomes. The curator can specify evidence scenarios that should always lead to equivalent annotation for similar genes in similar contexts, and thus create new annotation rules while the expertise is fresh. No special knowledge of programming or protein family construction is required. BrainGrab rules can mix and match evidence types from the large array of existing protein family definitions such as Pfam families, sequence analyses such as SignalP, and contextual clues, that is, the same types of evidence already familiar to experienced biocurators. We have now created an infrastructure for collecting, distributing, interpreting, and applying BrainGrab rules for automated annotation. A rules interpreter combines queries of existing evidence with specified new searches to determine if a rule must fire. If so, the interpreter writes a new piece of rule-based evidence. Once deposited, BrainGrab/RuleBase evidence can provide automated annotation, pathway reconstruction, and even input data for other rules. We demonstrate the system with sets of rules for annotating proteins and pathways of siderophore biosynthesis in human pathogens, for annotating common fusion proteins, and for applying the proper nomenclature to bacterial ribosomal proteins. The chance to harness curatorial expertise for building rules creates a promising avenue for community contributions to improved annotation pipelines.
Effects of microhabitat characteristics on the settlement and recruitment of a coral reef fish at two spatial scales.

Populations of fishes on coral reefs are replenished by the settlement of pelagic larvae to demersal populations. Recruitment varies spatially and temporally and can exert strong effects on the dynamics of reef fish populations. This study examined the effect of microhabitat characteristics on small-scale and large-scale recruitment variation in the three-spot damselfish, Stegastes planifrons (Cuvier). Comparison of 0.25-m2 quadrats occupied by three-spots with randomly sampled null quadrats showed that three-spots quadrats contained a higher percent cover of the coral Montastrea annularis than would be expected at random. Manipulative experiments on three types of 1.0-m2 patch reefs (living M. annularis, dead Porites Porites and dead Acropora palmata) patch reefs on showed that this non-random distribution was established by microhabitat choice during settlement and not by differential post-settlement survival. The presence of conspecific juveniles did not affect settlement. Recruitment was monitored at nine sites on three islands over 3 years. Recruitment showed no consistent pattern in the relative levels of recruitment among sites. Similarly, no consistent relationship emerged between recruitment levels and microhabitat characteristics at the nine sites. For example, at this large scale, the percent cover of M. annularis explained variation in recruitment in only 1 out of 3 years. These results suggest that small-scale recruitment patterns are influenced by microhabitat choice during settlement, but that these habitat effects do not scale up to influence large-scale variation in recruitment.
Optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometry

Fiber Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometry is one of the most important tools for harsh environment sensing because of its great flexibility of sensor material selection, superior long-­‐term stability, and nature of remote passive operation. Virginia Tech’s Center for Photonics Technology has been involved in the research of this field for many years. After a quick review of the typical methods for the construction of F-P sensors, emphasis will be placed on the whitelight interferometry, which is perhaps the most robust interferometric sensor demodulation technique today. The recent discovery of an additional phase will be presented and its significance to the sensor demodulation will be discussed.
System Dynamic Approach for Simulation of Experience Transfer in the AEC Industry

This paper describes the possibilities of using a system dynamic model to simulate experience transfer scenarios in a construction and property management organization. This experience transfer simulation model can be used to evaluate potential benefits and establish the processes that improve transferring of knowledge and learning in an architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) organization. The methodology is based on causal loops and trends of the AEC industry to illustrate the relationships between selected features of the complexity of experience transfer. The aim is to apply methodologies of system thinking and system dynamics to depict the issues and needs involved in an experience transfer process faced by a fragmented and multifaceted AEC industry, and then decompose the complex process into manageable pieces. Based on prior surveys, the known experiences and costs at the project stage and at the operative and management stage, features are defined and assumptions made. Then relationships ...
Characterization of mononuclear cell-derived histamine release enhancing factor

Abstract Histamine release enhancing factor (HREF) is a product of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells that substantially augments in vitro IgE-mediated basophil histamine release. The factor is stable at 56 °C and has a molecular weight in the 10,000 to 30,000 dalton range. The magnitude of HREF activity produced is dependent on the concentration of mononuclear cells cultured and the final concentration of HREF during basophil challenge. The HREF phenomenon could not be attributed to phytohemagglutinin, α- or γ-interferon, arachidonic acid metabolites, or interleukin-1 or 2. HREF appears to be a unique cytokine of potential importance in the immunology of inflammatory and atopic processes.
7039 Finding the monkey wrench: identification of factors which impair work efficiency in an endoscopy unit.

We have previously reported a positive correlation between the efficiency of time utilization by endoscopy nursing staff and that of physician endoscopists (Nickl, 1998).We hypothesize that factors which impair endoscopy workflows may negatively affect work efficiency (cases/hr) for both physicians and nursing staff. We sought to identify such factors. METHODS: Worked Hours per Unit of Service (WHPUOS) is defined as daily nurse and technical staff hours (from employee time sheets) divided by number of endoscopy cases for that day. We chose this as the dependent outcome variable because we have previously shown it to correlate with important quality parameters including physician efficiency, staff job satisfaction, and patient satisfaction with procedure timeliness. Nine potential factors that might disrupt workflow were identified, and were grouped: 3 factors that impair patient flow, 3 that impair scheduling, and 3 that impair endoscopy resource flow. For a 6-week period, occurrences of the 9 factors, as well as WHPUOS and overtime hours, were tallied on a daily basis. Linear least squares regression was performed to identify correlations between the occurrences of each factor group and WHPUOS. RESULTS: Of the candidate factor groups, the group that impairs patient flow and the group that impairs scheduling were found to correlate positively with WHPUOS. These same two groups also showed a positive correlation with overtime hours. Two individual factors correlated most strongly with WHPUOS: outpatients who arrive in endoscopy late, and inpatients who are not available or ready when called. The former accounted for 5.7% of the variability in WHPUOS, and the latter accounted for 2.4%. Statistical significance was not reached, primarily because the very large number of factors which impact work flows would require an excessively large data set to demonstrate significance for any one factor. CONCLUSIONS: 1) This methodology permits prioritization of problem-solving efforts in endoscopy operations by identifying those factors that correlate most strongly with unfavorable outcomes. 2) Further research is needed to identify other factors of importance to smooth workflow and positive outcomes.
An Efficient Formal Synthesis of (−)-Clavosolide A Featuring a “Mismatched” Stereoselective Oxocarbenium Reduction

The enantioselective formal synthesis of the polyketide marine natural product (−)-clavosolide A is presented. The construction of the β-C-glycoside subunit is highlighted by a one-pot oxocarbenium cation formation/reduction sequence. Yamaguchi dimerization afforded the diolide aglycon in 18 steps (longest linear sequence).
Lifecourse, immigrant status and acculturation in food purchasing and preparation among low-income mothers

ObjectivesThis study investigates how lifecourse, immigrant status and acculturation, and neighbourhood of residence influence food purchasing and preparation among low-income women with children, living in the USA. This research sought to understand physical and economic access to food, from both ‘individual’ and ‘community’ perspectives.DesignThis study used qualitative methodology (focus groups) to examine the mechanisms and pathways of food preparation and purchasing within the context of daily life activity for US- and foreign-born women, living in the USA. The study methodology analysed notes and verbatim transcripts, summarised recurring responses and identified new themes in the discussions.Setting and subjectsA total of 44 women were purposively sampled from two metropolitan areas in Massachusetts, USA, based on (1) neighbourhood of residence and (2) primary language spoken. All focus groups were conducted in community health centres and community centres co-located with offices of the special supplemental nutritional programme for Women, Infants, and Children.ResultsAnalysis of key response themes suggested that scarcity of food and physical access to food purchasing points did not influence food purchasing and preparation as much as (1) limited time for food shopping, cooking and family activities; and (2) challenges in transportation to stores and childcare. The study results demonstrated differing attitudes toward food acquisition and preparation between immigrant and US-born women and between women who lived in two metropolitan areas in the western and eastern regions of the state of Massachusetts, USA.ConclusionsThe findings illustrate ‘hidden’ constraints that need to be captured in measures of physical and economic access and availability of food. US policies and programmes that aim to improve access, availability and diet quality would benefit from considering the social context of food preparation and purchasing, and the residential environments of low-income women and families.
Singular unitary representations of classical groups

On presente une description de la partie relativement singuliere du dual unitaire d'un groupe classique de type I sur un corps local F de caracteristique autre que 2
Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in hyperthyroidism

In order to assess the effect of hyperthyroidism on systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle, M-mode echocardiograms and systolic time intervals were obtained in 13 patients while they were clinically hyperthyroid and again when they were euthyroid following radioactive iodine therapy. Echocardiographic tracings of the septum and left ventricular posterior wall were digitized and analyzed to provide the maximum velocity of shortening and maximum velocity of lengthening. These velocities were normalized for left ventricular diastolic dimension. The left ventricular minor axis fractional shortening and the normalized maximum velocity of shortening were both increased during the hyperthyroid state. The normalized maximum velocity of lengthening, a measure of diastolic left ventricular function, was also increased during the hyperthyroid state when compared to the euthyroid state. The preejection period index and the preejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio were lower when the patients were hyperthyroid than when they were euthyroid. These data confirm the increased inotropic state and demonstrated increased diastolic relaxation velocities of the hyperthyroid left ventricle.
Absolute configuration of (+)-α-dihydrotetrabenazine, an active metabolite of tetrabenazine

Chiral column liquid chromatography and enantiospecific enzymatic hydrolysis were utilized to separate the enantiomers of alpha- and beta-dihydrotetrabenazine and alpha-9-O-desmethyldihydrotetrabenazine, three benzo[a]quinolizines derived from the amine-depleting drug tetrabenazine. An X-ray crystal structure analysis of (-)-alpha-9-O-desmethyldihydrotetrabenazine gave an absolute structure of that compound as the 2S, 3S, 11bS isomer. Therefore, (-)-alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine also has the 2S, 3S, 11bS absolute configuration. (+)-alpha-Dihydrotetrabenazine, the single biologically active isomer from the metabolic reduction of tetrabenazine, thus has the absolute configuration of 2R, 3R, 11bR. For further in vitro and in vivo studies of the vesicular monoamine transporter, it is now possible to use the single enantiomer of radiolabeled alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine.
High 2 P o resonances of a triply excited lithium atom

Eleven lithium resonances, eight below the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ 2s2s${\mathrm{}}^{1}$S threshold and three above the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ 2s2p${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{o}}$ threshold, are studied with the saddle-point complex-rotation method. These are the triply excited $^{2}$${\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{o}}$ resonances above the 2s2s2p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{o}}$ and 2p2p2p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{o}}$ states. They are classified based on the energy, the relative contribution of the different angular-spin components to the normalization, and by inspecting the relativistic corrections. The partial Auger widths are obtained for the individual channels and the total Auger widths are obtained by coupling the important open channels and summing over the other channels. These results are compared with the recent experimental data. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The origin and ion spectra of non‐covalent peptide dimers observed in liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry explained via first‐order gas‐phase kinetics

Static liquid secondary ion mass spectra were generated for a variety of dipeptides dissolved in common liquid secondary ion mass spectrometric matrices. The relationship of the ion intensities of the monomer and non-covalent dimers was examined in order to determine the origin of non-covalent dimerization. The results demonstrate that the ion intensities are independent of solution equilibria and are indicative of first-order gas-phase kinetics.
Care Today and, Okay, Let Us Say Enlightenment Tomorrow

Through his reflections on dealing with treatment for brain cancer and the resulting disabilities, the author helps to create an intriguing insight into how his experience was fashioned by the medical, emotional, and multicultural forces he faced. Prominent among the issues discussed are his coping with fear through humor, being able to accept his disabilities, and presenting a hopeful and lighter side to a personal hardship.
Enhanced piezoelectric performance of composite sol-gel thick films evaluated using piezoresponse force microscopy.

Conventional composite sol-gel method has been modified to enhance the piezoelectric performance of ceramic thick films. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN-PT) thick films were fabricated using the modified sol-gel method for ultrasonic transducer applications. In this work, piezoresponse force microscopy was employed to evaluate the piezoelectric characteristics of PZT and PMN-PT composite sol-gel thick films. The images of the piezoelectric response and the strain-electric field hysteresis loop behavior were measured. The effective piezoelectric coefficient (d33,eff) of the films was determined from the measured loop data. It was found that the effective local piezoelectric coefficient of both PZT and PMN-PT composite films is comparable to that of their bulk ceramics. The promising results suggest that the modified composite sol-gel method is a promising way to prepare the high-quality, crack-free ceramic thick films.
Biotechnological prospects from metagenomics

The recognition that most microorganisms in the environment cannot be cultured by standard methods stimulated the development of metagenomics, which is the genomic analysis of uncultured microorganisms. Two types of analysis have been used to obtain information from metagenomic libraries: a function-driven approach, in which metagenomic libraries are initially screened for an expressed trait, and a sequence-driven approach, in which libraries are initially screened for particular DNA sequences. New antibiotics and enzymes are among the early discoveries from metagenomics. Future refinement of methods that enrich for genes of particular function will accelerate the rate of discovery of useful molecules.
Patient Concerns, Emotional Resources, and Perception of Nurse and Patient Roles

Thirty-three patients in a cancer research hospital responded to questions on a semi-structured interview schedule. Patients in this sample did not perceive institution factors as contributing to their distress, identified cooperation with therapy and with institution staff as normative patient behavior, and instrumental activities as normative nurse behavior. Distress stimuli, categorized as physical, psychological, or social were not likely to be entirely amenable to staff care strategies.
Modeling of Wedge-Shaped Porous Flaps for Jet Noise Reduction

This article presents experimental and computational analyses of the flow field associated with porous wedge-shaped deflectors used for jet noise reduction in turbofan engines. The goal is to characterize the key parameters affecting the flow field in order to construct a macroscopic computational model of the deflector that obviates resolution of its detailed perforations. The model simulates the effects of the inclined porous surfaces by applying locally a body force term in the conservation equations. The investigation encompassed wedge deflectors, in the form of flaps, with varying angles and different perforation shapes. The experiments measured the mean velocity field inside and in the wake of the flaps. The numerical effort comprised direct computations of simplified perforations and approximate computations using the body force model. It is found that the flow field is affected not only by the porosity of the deflectors but also by the illumination angle defined by the shape and thickness of the perforation. A formulation for the body force model is proposed that incorporates this finding. The resulting velocity field is in good agreement with the experiments and with the direct computations.
Technology and mythic narrative: The matrix as technological hero‐quest

This inquiry analyzes the narrative structure of the technological hero‐quest myth contained within the recent film, The Matrix, and explicates the implications of this message upon the audience. Joseph Campbell's hero‐quest, modified with insights from narrative theory, is applied to the The Matrix in order to highlight its appeal to modern audiences. Utilizing insights from the philosophy of Kant and Schopenhauer, Campbell's monomyth is altered to account for the existential and ontological separation the technological hero experiences. This film is shown to be a powerful myth for alienated and disempowered individuals in technologically driven communities, with potentially troubling consequences due to its theme of “solitary enlightenment.” Auditors are offered the chance to identify with a hero who is enlightened, but ontologically separate, and thus warranted in destroying the community in order to “save” it.
Abstract LB-285: Pro-tumor N2 neutrophils contribute to the pre-metastatic niche.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortalities and the tissue microenvironment that supports tumor cell attachment and growth at metastatic sites has become an active area of investigation. Here we present evidence that pro-tumor N2 neutrophils are one of the bone marrow-derived cell types that establish this pre-metastatic niche. In the murine Lewis Lung adenocarcinoma (LLC) in vivo metastasis model, tumor cells metastasize to the lungs with increasing primary tumor growth over time. In these studies, immunocompetent mice injected subcutaneously with syngeneic LLC cells are sacrificed sequentially 10-32 days later, before and after established lung metastases. Neutrophil chemoattractants KC/CXCL1 and MIP-2/CXCL2 are significantly elevated in pre-metastatic tissue compared to normal lungs of healthy contemporary controls. MCP-1/CCL2, a marker of pro-tumor N2 neutrophils, increases steadily over time in pre-metastatic lung tissue of study mice and is significantly elevated in pre-metastatic tissue and in metastases compared to normal lung tissue. Isolated lung-infiltrating neutrophils also express N2 markers. In contrast, TNF-alpha, a marker for anti-tumor N1 cells, remains low or undetectable in lung tissue throughout metastatic tumor development. Neither active nor total TGF-beta, the putative control switch for a pro-tumor phenotype, is elevated in pre-metastatic tissue. Notably, levels of all cytokines are low or undetectable in normal lungs from naive mice and in other organs of tumor-bearing mice (non-metastatic sites). Ly6G+ neutrophils were detected at a higher density in the lungs of pre-metastatic and metastatic mice compared to normal lungs, although the density of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-stained cells was similar in all groups. These data are consistent with recent reports that MPO activity is low or absent from tumor-associated neutrophils, although high in MDSC and naive neutrophils. Neutrophil distribution in metastatic lung tissue is most concentrated around the tumor foci and tumor vasculature. Finally, studies of lung tissue from mice bearing LLC variants with different metastatic capacities are also consistent with our premise that neutrophils help establish the pre-metastatic niche. Understanding the factors that regulate the development and growth of malignant cells at metastatic sites is critical for improved clinical strategies in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of metastases. Citation Format: Jered Cope Meyers, H. Keith Pittman, Hunter Story, Dare M. Imes, George A. Howard, Kathryn M. Verbanac. Pro-tumor N2 neutrophils contribute to the pre-metastatic niche. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-285. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-285
Laboratory experiments on mechanisms of competition and resource partitioning between Menidia menidia (L.) and Menidia beryllina (Cope) (Osteichthyes:Atherinidae)☆

Abstract Postlarvae of two atherinid species, Menidia menidia (L.) and Menidia beryllina (Cope), were tested in two 14-day experiments at four densities of fish to determine effects of interspecific versus intraspecific competition for food. In one experiment, when M. menidia was slightly larger than M. beryllina (simulating a slightly earlier hatching time in nature) M. menidia exhibited a clear competitive advantage over M. beryllina, as demonstrated by covariance analysis of fish biomass change on fish density. In the second experiment, when M. beryllina was larger than M. menidia, neither species showed competitive advantage. The results suggest that M. menidia has an inherently superior ability to compete for food. Results of the experiment in which M. menidia was the larger species indicate the selective pressures which could have caused the two species to evolve spawning times ≈1 month apart. In another set of experiments, post-larval and juvenile M. menidia and M. beryllina were fed wet weight rations of Artemia nauplii ranging from 10–640% of initial body weight per day during a series of three 10-day feeding trials. As Menidia menidia grew, they required a smaller percentage of body weight per day in food for maximum growth (640, 320, and 160% for the three feeding trials). The same trend was observed with M. beryllina, although the percentages (160, 160, and 80%) were much less than those for M. menidia. Menidia menidia also required more food per day (20–135% of body weight) as a minimum ration for survival and growth than did M. beryllina (5–60%). The explanation for these differences may be that M. menidia in nature hatch earlier in the year, when Zooplankton is more abundant, than do M. beryllina. The two species have apparently evolved different feeding requirements as adaptations to the different food availabilities that they encounter.
Intrinsic surface states of (110) surfaces of group IV and III-V semiconductors

Electronic local and total density of states calculations have been performed using tight binding models on the (110) surface of a group IV and III-V semiconductor. Ge and GaAs are taken as prototypes and the surface is assumed to be unrelaxed. Several new surface states are obtained near the bottom of the valence bands. The origin, localization, and character of the surface states are examined.
X‐linked myotubular myopathy: Clinical observations in ten additional cases

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a recessively inherited disorder, lethal to males in the first months of life. Since the first report in 1969, at least 90 cases have been described in the literature. Diagnosis is confirmed by muscle biopsy. Linkage studies have localized the disorder to the Xq28 region, close to the loci for X-linked hydrocephalus and MASA syndrome. We report on 10 additional cases of XLMTM from six different families. In addition to classic clinical features of XLMTM, our patients showed interesting associated findings which included birth length >90th centile and large head circumference with or without hydrocephalus in 70%, narrow, elongated face in 80%, and slender, long digits in 60% of cases. There was concordance in the occurrence and severity of hydrocephalus in most sib pairs. These features in a “floppy” male infant serve as clues for early clinical diagnosis of XLMTM, which can then be confirmed by muscle biopsy. Development of polyhydramnios was observed in the third trimester of an at-risk dizygotic twin gestation monitored by serial sonography with confirmation of XLMTM at birth. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Repeated IV doses of iron provides effective supplemental treatment of restless legs syndrome

Abstract Background and purpose To evaluate in RLS patients the efficacy and safety of repeated infusions of iron in order to maintain symptomatic improvements achieved with a prior single 1000 mg infusion of iron. Patients and methods Subjects who had demonstrated initial improvement in RLS symptoms after a single 1000 mg infusion of iron were evaluated monthly for serum ferritin and RLS severity. If symptoms returned at any time in the 2-year period after initial iron treatment, supplemental 450 mg iron gluconate infusions could be given, provided the ferritin was Results Ten subjects received the initial single 1000 mg dose of iron dextran, but only five subjects were eligible to receive supplemental iron infusions. RLS symptoms returned on average 6 months after the initial 1000 mg infusion. Because of noncompliance with monthly visits one subject was dropped after receiving three supplemental iron infusions. Because of a ferritin >300 mcg/l, a second subject was dropped after having received one supplemental treatment. Three subjects completed the 2-year period of the study, having received between two and four courses of supplemental iron. After the initial 1000 mg iron infusion, the ferritin declined on average 6.6 mcg/l/week, which was substantially higher than the predicted value of Conclusions Supplemental iron treatments can sustain previously achieved improvements with a single IV iron treatment, but achieving high ferritin levels was not in themselves a guarantee of sustained improvements. The most notable finding was the post-infusion changes in serum ferritin and its implication for altered iron excretion.
Mesial temporal sclerosis: clinicopathological correlations.

Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), which involves neuronal loss and gliosis within the mesial temporal structures (primarily in Sommer sector and the CA4 region of the hippocampus), 1 is an important cause of temporal lobe epilepsy.2 The syndrome of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy includes febrile seizures, onset of complex partial seizures in adolescence or early adulthood, poor response to antiepileptic medications, and MTS. 3 The modern understanding of MTS and its relationship to epilepsy, which has mirrored our understanding of epilepsy in general, has evolved since the description of hippocampal lesions in a group of patients with epilepsy in 1825. 4
Assessment of pre-harvest treatments on Maine wild blueberry fruit shelf-life and processing quality.

Abstract To assess the impact on berry quality, four treatments were applied to six different clones of Maine wild blueberries during the 1998 field season. Three treatments; 1% calcium chloride, 1% acetic acid, and 1000 μM of methyl jasmonate and the water control were sprayed on the 1 m2 plots twice at one-week intervals. One week after the second spray the blueberries were harvested. Samples were stored at about 4°C for four weeks to determine quality. Firmness, anthocyanin leakage, and microbial counts were measured as fruit quality indicators. Field inspection showed that the calcium chloride treatments turned the leaves a reddish color. All treated plots exhibited the effects of plant stress. There were no significant effects of any treatment on fruit quality (firmness, anthocyanin leakage, or microbial assays) observed. The trend in firmness was for higher values during longer shelf-life. Antho-cyanin leakage increased during shelf-life. Microbial counts increased and then leveled off during shelf-...
Comments on the sliding wear of metals

The author reviews selected experimental results which have contributed to improved understanding of sliding wear processes. The emphasis is on the chemical and structural changes which occur at and near the surface of metallic materials during sliding in different environments. The importance of plastic deformation, fracture, transfer, mechanical mixing, phase transformations and oxidation is discussed. Examples of transitions are described, and interesting correlations noted. In selecting the content of this paper, the author includes controversial results and conclusions and raises questions about the development of wear equations, interpretations of the wear coefficient, the importance of adhesion, the roles of hardness, the causes of transitions and the location of debris-producing cracks.
A putative protein kinase gene (kin1+) is important for growth polarity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Abstract Mixed synthetic oligonucleotides encoding a sequence conserved among tyrosine-specific protein kinases were used to probe the genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A single gene (kin1+) was isolated that encodes a putative protein kinase closely related to the KIN1- and KIN2-encoded serine/threonine-specific protein kinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. kin1+ is transcribed into a 3.5-kilobase mRNA that contains an uninterrupted open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 98 kDa. In contrast to results obtained with kin mutants of S. cerevisiae, disruption of the Sc. pombe kin1+ gene resulted in recessive morphological and growth defects. kin1-disrupted cells grew slowly on enriched medium and grew as spheres, in contrast to wild-type Sc. pombe cells, which grow as rods. Relative to kin1+ cells, kin1-disrupted cells were differentially sensitive to lysis by treatment with alpha- and beta-glucanases, suggesting an alteration in either the composition or the organization of their cell walls.
Understanding Students with Diabetes: Implications for the Physical Education Professional

(1997). Understanding Students with Diabetes: Implications for the Physical Education Professional. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 57-64.
Dynamic response of an insonified sonar window interacting with a Tonpilz transducer array

This paper derives and evaluates an analytical model of an insonified sonar window in contact with an array of Tonpilz transducers operating in receive mode. The window is fully elastic so that all wave components are present in the analysis. The output of the model is a transfer function of a transducer element output voltage divided by input pressure versus arrival angle and frequency. This model is intended for analysis of sonar systems that are to be built or modified for broadband processing. The model is validated at low frequency with a comparison to a previously derived thin plate model. Once this is done, an example problem is studied so that the effects of higher order wave interaction with acoustic reception can be understood. It was found that these higher order waves cause multiple nulls in the region where the array detects acoustic energy and that their locations in the arrival angle-frequency plane can be determined. The effects of these nulls in the beam patterns of the array are demonstrated.
A Hybrid Geometric Optical and Radiative Transfer Approach for Modeling Pyranometer Measurements Under a Jack Pine Forest

Abstract Pyranometer measurement under old jack pine forest in the BOREAS experiment is analysed through our new hybrid model. This application is an example to illustrate why we need hybrid model and how it works. The work presented here is a part of efforts for a GIS-based distributed hydrology-vegetation interaction model of drainage basin.
Inducible expression of BCR/ABL using human CD34 regulatory elements results in a megakaryocytic myeloproliferative syndrome

The BCR/ABL fusion protein is found in more than 90% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as well as in a subset of patients with acute B-cell leukemia. We have previously described a transgenic model for an inducible and reversible acute B-cell leukemia caused by p210 BCR/ABL. Here, we describe a new model of an inducible BCR/ABL disease by directing the expression of the oncogene to megakaryocytic progenitor cells within the murine bone marrow using the tetracycline-responsive expression system under the control of human CD34 regulatory elements. The predominant feature was the development of a chronic thrombocytosis. The condition progressed with the development of splenomegaly accompanied by lymphadenopathy in some mice. Affected animals demonstrated a dramatic increase in the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and the spleen. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the reporter gene was expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), common myeloid progenitor (CMP) cells, as well as in megakaryocytic/erythroid progenitor cells (MEPs). Although these mice did not display the increase in granulopoiesis commonly found in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the phenotype closely resembles a myeloproliferative disorder affecting the megakaryocytic lineage observed in some patients with the BCR/ABL P210 translocation.
Sebaceous adenocarcinoma of the external auditory canal in a New Zealand white rabbit.

A rare sebaceous gland carcinoma of the external auditory canal in a rabbit is described. The tumour was characterized histologically by foci and cords of markedly pleomorphic cells with abundant cytoplasm and variable numbers of vacuoles. A single pulmonary mass had similar histological characteristics. This is the first such tumour reported in a rabbit.
Elastic Anomalies in Jahn-Teller Crystals with Competing Structural Orderings

Crystals of transition metal compounds with perovskite and spinel structures are characterized by several competing electron interactions responsible for different structural and magnetic orderings. The shape of the acoustic anomaly temperature dependences allows to distinguish between them and to estimate the difference between the structural and magnetic transition critical temperatures.
Mode of production in medieval Iran

This essay has two purposes. One is to compare the agrarian mode of production in Iran during the 7th through 12th centuries with the mode of production in European feudalism, searching for clues as to why Europe--but not Iran-developed a capitalist mode of production. The second, accompanying purpose is to evaluate the theory of the Asiatic Mode of Production, a theory developed mainly within the Marxist tradition, in the context of medieval Iran.
Analgosedation with low-dose morphine for preterm infants with CPAP: risks and benefits.

Background: CPAP is widely used in preterm infants on NICUs but it poses a stressful stimulus to the patient, sometimes requiring the use of analgosedative drugs. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the risks and benefits associated with the use of low-dose morphine in preterm infants with CPAP, especially apnea. Methods: Sixty-four CPAP-treated preterm infants, who received a low single dose of morphine (recommended 0.01 mg/kg), were included in this prospective study. Observation-time was 4 h prior to injection, directly before injecting, until 15 min and 15–30 min, 30 min–1 h, 1–2 h, 2–3 h, 3–4 h, 4–5 h and 5–6 h after injection. For all observation periods incidence of apnea, heart rate, respiratory rate and a score for analgesia and for sedation were recorded. Results: Sixty-four preterm infants (29.6 ± 3.3 weeks gestational age (GA), birth weight 1401 ± 735 g) received 0.025 ± 0.012 mg/kg morphine i.v. on the day 10–13 of life. The decrease in heart and respiratory rate, scores for analgesia and sedation were significant. The overall incidence of apnea did not increase compared to the 4 h pre-morphine period. Six patients (9.3%) experienced considerable delayed apnea. This group was significantly younger in GA (p < 0.001) and lighter in birth weight (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Morphine in dosage less than half of recommended dosage has a high analgetic and sedative potential. The danger of delayed severe apnea has to be taken into consideration in the clinical situation, especially in patients <28 weeks.