cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binding of [methyl-3H]paraquat to rat, rabbit, hamster, mouse and guinea pig lung proteins, in vitro.

Abstract When incubated with the rat lung slices [methyl- 3 H] paraquat was found to bind covalently to acid-insoluble proteins. The evidence in the present study indicated that the binding of radioactivity was not due to the formation of a reactive metabolite secondary to mixed-function oxidase (MFO)-mediated bioactivation of paraquat but was probably due to formation of paraquat free radicals. Preincubation of lung slices with CN, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), p -hydroxymercuribenzoate and cysteine inhibited binding, while anaerobic conditions has a marked stimulatory effect. There were no significant differences in the extent of covalent binding of [methyl- 3 H]paraquat to lung protein of rat, rabbit, mouse, guinea pig, and hamster.
Modeling supersonic flows through a gas-continuous two-fluid medium

Abstract This paper presents the application of a numerical method for gas dynamics to model supersonic flows in a gas continuous, two-fluid medium. Specifically, flows in the two-phase medium are modeled only as single-phase compressible flow in a fixed, complex, multidimensional geometry. Coupling effects involving liquid response to interfacial forces are neglected. The motivation for development stems from the desire to predict blast interaction with liquid blankets in Inertial Confinement Fusion reactors. The model uses a second-order extension of Godunov's finite difference method to solve Euler's time-dependent equations of gas dynamics. The method uses a uniform Cartesian grid and a simple method for treating complex boundary geometries. The algorithm uses operator splitting to solve gas dynamics in multiple dimensions. Results of several problems are qualitatively and quantitatively compared with previous work and experimental data.
Form factors, N-N OBEP, and L2 interactions

Abstract Higher order regularization techniques and their implications or equivalences in terms of nucleon-meson form factors are considered. Concentration is given to the case of a meson field which is regularized to an order equivalent to the use of a dipole form factor. The one boson exchange potentials associated with such a model are examined. The inclusion of an L 2 interaction is studied and it is found that such terms lead to further improvement in fits. The nucleon-meson form factors are compared with those for inelastic N-N scattering and the electromagnetic form factor.
Seasonal algal succession and cultural eutrophication in a north temperate lake

A year-round study of the algal composition of a previously uninvestigated north temperate, dimictic lake revealed the abundance of many pollution-tolerant forms, including such toxin-producing blue-greens as Anabaena and Aphanizomenon. A significant hypolimnetic oxygen deficit (0.4 ppm, 3.5% saturation) in late summer and the rate of oxygen depletion from 1 August to 19 September (0.13 mg/ml/day) further indicate eutrophic conditions. Of the three groups considered in this study (Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta), the Cyanophyta were less diverse in terms of relative numbers of genera but produced the largest blooms. Chlorophyta had the greatest number of genera. Diatoms dominated in winter and spring, Chlorophyta in summer and fall and blue-greens in late summer, fall and winter. Spirogyra and Oscillatoria were the most ubiquitous members of the algal flora. Important perennials included Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Closterium, Fragilaria, Meridion, Tabellaria and Cymbella. No unialgal blooms ever occurred. The accelerated rate of eutrophication in recent years is due primarily to excess nutrient loading resulting from input of raw domestic sewage. The completion of a sanitary sewer system is expected to alleviate the excessive nutrient loading and thereby slow the eutrophication process.
Quantitative low temperature optical microscopy of biological systems

SUMMARY A comprehensive review is presented of low temperature optical microscopy techniques as applied to the study of freezing processes in biological systems. Emphasis is placed on analysis of physical and physiological parameters which were measured and/or controlled and the procedures for effecting such operations. Quantitative analysis of photomicrographs by digital computer processing is also discussed.
Picturing Violence in Brazil: A Review Essay

Lucia: Testimonies of. Brazilian Drug Dealer's Woman. Robert Gay, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005. 216 pp. Laughter Out of Place: Race, Class, Violence, and Sexuality in. Rio Shantytown. Donna Goldstein, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 349 pp. After Life: An Ethnographic Novel. Tobias Hecht, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006. 183 pp. Cidade de Deus, 2002. film by Fernando Meirelles and Katia Lund. 130 min. Color. Distributed by Miramax International, 99 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013. Phone (212) 219-4100. http://www.cidadededeus.com Favela Rising, 2005. film by Jeff Zimbalist and Matt Mochary. 80 min. Color. Distributed by ThinkFilm, 23 East 22nd St, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010. Fax (212) 444-7901. http://www.thinkfilmcompany.com.
Genetic Approaches to Craniofacial Tissue Repair

: This review discusses in some detail the opportunities and challenges of applying gene therapy to the important clinical problem of wound repair and regeneration.
Complexes formed in aqueous solutions by sarcosine anhydride; interactions with organic acids, phenols, and aromatic alcohols.

It has been shown that the interactions between sarcosine anhydride, a cyclic dieptide, and forty-six organic proton donor compounds result in the formation of both soluble and insoluble molecular complexes. The studies illustrate the importance of the aromatic and hydrophobic character of the molecule, as well as the nature of the polar groups and their positions, on complexin activity. The stoichiometry of a large number of insoluble complex species found were determined from analysis of phase diagrams and chemical analysis of the solid materials. Apparent stability constants were determined for the soluble complexes formed in the investigation. It is suggested that many biochemical and drug actions are mediated through formation of complexes of this type.
A Quantitative Literacy View of Natural Disasters and Nuclear Facilities

The March 11, 2011 earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster in Tohoku, Japan, highlights the need to improve quantitative literacy (QL) in natural hazard assessment. A critical understanding of natural hazard assessments requires a sophisticated perspective on the mathematical and statistical tools used to estimate the odds of disaster, and the roles of data quality, model development, and subjective probability in estimation of uncertainty. Thus, improved QL is a basic requirement for improved decision-making about the safety of critical infrastructure, such as nuclear facilities.
Quantum dot labeling of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat and muscle cells and are being investigated for their utility in cell-based transplantation therapy. Yet, adequate methods to track transplanted MSCs in vivo are limited, precluding functional studies. Quantum Dots (QDs) offer an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins to label and track cells in vitro and in vivo. These nanoparticles are resistant to chemical and metabolic degradation, demonstrating long term photostability. Here, we investigate the cytotoxic effects of in vitro QD labeling on MSC proliferation and differentiation and use as a cell label in a cardiomyocyte co-culture. A dose-response to QDs in rat bone marrow MSCs was assessed in Control (no-QDs), Low concentration (LC, 5 nmol/L) and High concentration (HC, 20 nmol/L) groups. QD yield and retention, MSC survival, proinflammatory cytokines, proliferation and DNA damage were evaluated in MSCs, 24 -120 hrs post QD labeling. In addition, functional integration of QD labeled MSCs in an in vitro cardiomyocyte co-culture was assessed. A dose-dependent effect was measured with increased yield in HC vs. LC labeled MSCs (93 ± 3% vs. 50% ± 15%, p 90% of QD labeled cells were viable in all groups, however, at 120 hrs increased apoptosis was measured in HC vs. Control MSCs (7.2% ± 2.7% vs. 0.5% ± 0.4%, p < 0.05). MCP-1 and IL-6 levels doubled in HC MSCs when measured 24 hrs after QD labeling. No change in MSC proliferation or DNA damage was observed in QD labeled MSCs at 24, 72 and 120 hrs post labeling. Finally, in a cardiomyocyte co-culture QD labeled MSCs were easy to locate and formed functional cell-to-cell couplings, assessed by dye diffusion. Fluorescent QDs label MSC effectively in an in vitro co-culture model. QDs are easy to use, show a high yield and survival rate with minimal cytotoxic effects. Dose-dependent effects suggest limiting MSC QD exposure.
Is There Correlation Between the Estimated and True Classification Errors in Small-Sample Settings?

The validity of a classifier model, consisting of a trained classifier and it estimated error, depends upon the relationship between the estimated and true errors of the classifier. Absent a good error estimation rule, the classifier-error model lacks scientific meaning. This paper demonstrates that in high-dimensionality feature selection settings in the context of small samples there can be virtually no correlation between the true and estimated errors. This conclusion has serious ramifications in the domain of high-throughput genomic classification, such as gene-expression classification, where the number of potential features (gene expressions) is usually in the tens of thousands and the number of sample points (microarrays) is often under one hundred.
Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in Nuerospora crassa I. Preliminary characterization of arginine-specific carbamyl phosphokinase

Abstract An enzyme from Neurospora crassa which catalyzes carbamyl phosphate formation is reported. Carbamyl phosphate formation by the enzyme is hown to be dependent upon ATP, ammonia, bicarbonate, and magnesium ions. Glutamine and N- acetyl - l - glutamte , involved in carbamyl phosphate synthesis in other organisms, are not required for the reaction and do not influence it. While direct evidence for cabamate as the substrate is lacking, the enzyme is considered to bacterial carbamyl phosphokinase (ATP : carbanate phosphotransferease, EC 2.7.2.2).
Controls on spatial and temporal variation of nutrient uptake in three Michigan headwater streams

We measured whole-stream uptake of ammonium (NH z ), nitrate (NO { ), and phosphate (as soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP]) in two reaches of three forested headwater streams eight times from May 2003 to April 2004 (n 5 46 measurements per nutrient type). We also measured factors that could affect uptake, including ambient nutrient concentrations, whole-stream metabolism, and organic matter standing stocks. In all three streams, we measured the highest rates of NH z and NO { uptake velocity (Vf) during the spring. Low ambient NH z concentrations limited NH z uptake (U) in two streams. In one stream, when ambient NO { concentrations increased during summer, NO { Vf decreased. Temporal patterns of SRP Vf varied among streams, but were unrelated to variability in ambient SRP concentration. However, in all three streams, seasonal variation in SRP Vf was strongly influenced by heterotrophic metabolism (as measured by community respiration; State Creek r 5 0.81, p 5 0.03; Shane Creek r 5 0.89, p , 0.01; Walton Creek r 5 0.91, p , 0.01). Although heterotrophic processes typically dominate in forested headwater streams, we found that variability in nutrient uptake among streams was also explained by variables related to autotrophic activity (i.e., proportion coverage of large inorganic substrata and gross primary production). We suggest that the unexpected influence of autotrophy in this study was a result of stream sampling frequency, which included winter and spring—seasons not typically sampled. Our study demonstrates that examining nutrient uptake across streams and during different seasons can provide insight into factors controlling nutrient uptake parameters.
Copenhagen computation: How I learned to stop worrying and love Bohr

To celebrate the 60th birthday of Charles H. Bennett, I 1) publicly announce my referee reports for the original dense coding and teleportation papers, 2) present a very economical solution to the Bernstein--Vazirani problem that does not even hint at interference between multiple universes, and 3) describe how I inadvertently reinvented the Copenhagen interpretation in the course of constructing a simple, straightforward, and transparent introduction to quantum mechanics for computer scientists.
Endocannabinoid identification in the brain: studies of breakdown lead to breakthrough, and there may be NO hope.

Endocannabinoids are a class of fatty acid derivatives defined by their ability to interact with the specific cannabinoid receptors that were originally identified as the targets of Δ 9 -tetrahydocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. Endocannabinoids have been implicated in a growing number of important physiological and behavioral events. A full understanding of the functions of endocannabinoids will involve knowing which ones are active, and how they are produced, during any given physical event. However, studying these small lipids in the brain presents many technical challenges. New selective pharmacological tools promise to be very useful in unraveling the complexities of endocannabinoid signaling, but parallel developments from the investigation of the cellular neurophysiology of the endocannabinoid systems highlight the difficulties remaining.
On the Possibility That We Think in a Quantum Probabilistic Manner

My discussion is articulated under the neurological as well as the psychological profile. I insist in particular on the view that mental events arise in analogy with quantum probability fields. I review some results obtained on quantum cognition discussing in detail those that we obtained on quantum interference in mental states during perception-cognition in ambiguous figures. Frequently, I use the approach to quantum mechanics by Clifford algebra. I insist in particular on two recent results. The first is the justification that I obtain of the von Neumann postulate on quantum measurement and the second relates my Clifford demonstration on the logical origins of quantum mechanics and thus on the arising feature that quantum mechanics relates conceptual entities. The whole discussion aims me to support the conclusion that we think in a quantum probabilistic manner.
Output characteristics of SASE-driven short-wavelength FELs

This paper investigates various properties of the ``microspikes`` associated with self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in a short wavelength free-electron laser (FEL). Using results from the 2-D numerical simulation code GINGER, we confirm theoretical predictions such as the convective group velocity in the exponential gain regime. In the saturated gain regime beyond the initial saturation, we find that the average radiation power continues to grow with an approximately linearly dependence upon undulator length. Moreover, the spectrum significantly broadens and shifts in wavelength to the redward direction, with{ital P(w)} approaching a constant, asymptotic value. This is in marked contrast to the exponential gain regime where the spectrum steadily narrows, {ital P(w)} grows, and the central wavelength remains constant with {ital z}. Via use of a spectrogram diagnostic {ital S(w,t)}, it appears that the radiation pattern in the saturated gain regime is composed of an ensemble of distinct ``sinews`` whose widths AA remain approximately constant but whose central wavelengths can ``chirp`` by varying a small extent with {ital t}.
Value of transesophageal echocardiography as an adjunct to transthoracic echocardiography in evaluation of native and prosthetic valve endocarditis.

To determine if transesophageal echocardiography provides better visualization of valvular vegetations than transthoracic echocardiography, we used both methods to evaluate 24 consecutive patients (mean age, 54 years; 15 female patients and nine male patients) referred for symptoms suggestive of infectious endocarditis. Ten of the 24 patients had one or more valvular prostheses. Echocardiograms were classified as positive or negative based on visualization of valvular vegetations or abscesses. Of ten patients with a final diagnosis of infectious endocarditis on extended follow-up, transthoracic echocardiography was positive in five patients. Transesophageal echocardiography not only yielded abnormal findings in all ten of these patients, but also revealed additional information in four of the five patients with abnormal transthoracic echocardiographic examinations. Among the 14 patients who, on subsequent follow-up, were found not to have infectious endocarditis, transthoracic echocardiography was normal in 13 and falsely abnormal in one. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed no evidence of infectious endocarditis in any of these patients. The ten patients who were determined to have infectious endocarditis all had positive blood cultures and no alternative cause for their clinical presentation; in seven patients in this group who underwent operative or postmortem evaluation, infectious endocarditis was confirmed. All patients without infectious endocarditis were demonstrated to have other causes for their clinical presentation. We conclude that transesophageal echocardiography is a highly valuable test in the work-up of patients with suspected infectious endocarditis, especially those patients with inconclusive or normal transthoracic echocardiograms. In addition, transesophageal echocardiography may be of benefit to patients with previously documented infectious endocarditis and a complicated clinical course in whom additional cardiac lesions are suspected but not demonstrated by transthoracic echocardiography. (Chest 1991; 100:351-56)
Family emotional climate, attachment security and young children's emotion knowledge in a high risk sample

Despite its prevalence in low-income populations, there has been little attention paid to how maternal depression influences mother-child conversations about emotions and low-income preschool children's developing emotion understanding. The importance of a secure attachment as a positive influence on emotion understanding has also been infrequently studied in lower-income families. This longitudinal study examined attachment security and maternal depression when children were age 2 as predictors of mother-child references to emotion in conversations, and children's emotion understanding when children were three. Maternal depression at age 2, but not at age 3, showed a direct, negative relation to children's emotion understanding at age 3, independent of mother-child references to emotion and attachment security. More securely attached dyads made more references to emotion in conversation, which, in turn, promoted children's emotion understanding. It was concluded that secure attachment relationships support children's emotion understanding by promoting mother-child discussion of emotions, while emotion understanding in preschoolers is directly impaired by maternal depression.
Pyridoxine and Dietary Counseling for the Management of Idiopathic Hyperoxaluria in Stone-forming Patients

OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of dietary manipulation and pyridoxine medical management for idiopathic hyperoxaluria in patients with nephrolithiasis. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal study of the patients treated in our stone clinics from July 2007 to February 2009 was performed. All patients were evaluated with pre- and postintervention 24-hour urine collection and met a registered dietician. Recommendations to keep urine volume above 2 L per day, sodium restriction, protein moderation, increased calcium intake with meals and low oxalate diet combined with oral pyridoxine were given. Initial dosage ranged from 50 to 100 mg per day depending on the baseline oxalate level, and was titrated to a maximum of 200 mg daily. Subjects with at least two 24-hour urine collections were included in the study. RESULTS Of 314 patients with complete metabolic and urinary profile evaluation, 95 subjects were identified with idiopathic hyperoxaluria. Mean follow-up was 18.4 ± 14.8 months and mean age was 50.3 ± 12.8 years. In patients treated with the combination of dietary counseling and pyridoxine, there was a significant change in urinary parameters in 75% of patients with a significant decrease in urinary oxalate excretion (58.26 ± 27.05 to 40.61 ± 15.04, P 40 mg/d) to a normal range urine oxalate (55.30 ± 22.04 to 33.45 ± 3.93, P = .0004). No peripheral neuropathy was reported. CONCLUSIONS Dietary management and medical treatment using pyridoxine may be an effective first-line therapy to decrease hyperoxaluria in patients who form stones.
The Role of Oxidative Stress-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Amyloid-β Production in Alzheimer’s Disease

An increasing number of studies have proposed a strong correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress (OS) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With over five million people diagnosed in the United States alone, AD is the most common type of dementia worldwide. AD includes progressive neurodegeneration, followed by memory loss and reduced cognitive ability. Characterized by the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques as a hallmark, the connection between ROS and AD is compelling. Analyzing the ROS response of essential proteins in the amyloidogenic pathway, such as amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase (BACE1), along with influential signaling programs of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), has helped visualize the path between OS and Aβ overproduction. In this review, attention will be paid to significant advances in the area of OS, epigenetics, and their influence on Aβ plaque assembly. Additionally, we aim to discuss available treatment options for AD that include antioxidant supplements, Asian traditional medicines, metal-protein-attenuating compounds, and histone modifying inhibitors.
Almost One, Overlap and Function

In David Lewis�s famous �Many, but Almost One�, he argues that when objects of the same kind share most of their parts, they can be counted as one. I argue that mereological overlap does not do the trick. A better candidate is overlap in function. Although mereological overlap often goes hand-in-hand with functional overlap, a functional approach is more accurate in cases in which mereology and function are teased apart. A functional approach also solves a version of the problem of the many (illustrated by the house with and without a garage) that Lewis thought was immune to the Almost-One solution.
A Methodology for Generating Application-Specific Heterogeneous Processor Arrays

Hardware designers are increasingly turning to Single Chip Multi-Processors to achieve power and throughput goals. To further increase performance for a specific application the chips array of processors can be tailored to their program, creating an application-specific multiprocessor. While much Hardware/Software Codesign research has been conducted on optimizing heterogeneous processing arrays, shortcomings exist in design scalability, simulation, verification, rapid prototyping, and the requirement of specialized skill sets. To address these deficiencies, a design methodology is proposed targeting signal processing applications that maps a parallelized C program onto a homogenous array of processors linked by simple point-to-point connections. By individually optimizing each processor for its specific program the performance of the array is increased, while the common basic interface between processors eases optimization, implementation, debugging, and verification.
Robust Tracking Using Foreground-Background Texture Discrimination

This paper conceives of tracking as the developing distinction of a foreground against the background. In this manner, fast changes in the object or background appearance can be dealt with. When modelling the target alone (and not its distinction from the background), changes of lighting or changes of viewpoint can invalidate the internal target model. As the main contribution, we propose a new model for the detection of the target using foreground/background texture discrimination. The background is represented as a set of texture patterns. During tracking, the algorithm maintains a set of discriminant functions each distinguishing one pattern in the object region from background patterns in the neighborhood of the object. The idea is to train the foreground/background discrimination dynamically, that is while the tracking develops. In our case, the discriminant functions are efficiently trained online using a differential version of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Object detection is performed by maximizing the sum of all discriminant functions. The method employs two complementary sources of information: it searches for the image region similar to the target object, and simultaneously it seeks to avoid background patterns seen before. The detection result is therefore less sensitive to sudden changes in the appearance of the object than in methods relying solely on similarity to the target. The experiments show robust performance under severe changes of viewpoint or abrupt changes of lighting.
A multidisciplinary approach to PWB design

At Georgia Tech, a research team is collaborating with the electronics industry to develop a prototype integrated E/MCAD (electrical/mechanical computer-aided design) PWB (printed wiring board) design system called thermal structural electromagnetic testability (TSET). TSET, responding to this E/MCAD concept, proposes an integrated information framework which employs an executive-centered information-management approach with a common database approach. The authors describe TSET development with emphasis on the mechanical design and information-management design and information-management issues. The TSET database design is based on a systematic, structured methodology which includes the following steps: requirements analysis, information analysis, logical design, and physical implementation. >
The Application of Sulfonamides to the Control of Typhoid in Poultry

Abstract FOWL typhoid has become an extremely important disease of poultry and appears to be highly pathogenic to the New Hampshire which is at present a very popular breed. Post mortems and cultures on chicks received by our laboratory for examination have shown the disease to exist in this area. However, we do not know whether these findings indicate a recent introduction of the infection. Possibly fowl typhoid has existed here for some time and has only recently come to be recognized as a disease separate from pullorum infection and fowl cholera, with which it has been frequently confused. From the standpoint of gross pathology, fowl typhoid bears a similarity to fowl cholera, whereas on the basis of bacteriological and serological findings, it is often confused with pullorum disease. In 1945, Severens, Roberts and Card reported that sulfonamides were effective in combating pullorum disease, and Hammond (1945) found several of these . . .
Cannabis causes schizophrenia? So does nicotine

The correlations between cannabis use and schizophrenia have to be considered as widely corroborated. Among the diverse hypotheses that can be formulated to account for the direction of causality (...
The heavy toll of influenza

Influenza is unpleasant but usually self-limiting. After a few miserable days of fever, body aches, cough, and runny nose, most people are back on their feet. Certain people, however—pregnant and post-partum women, the elderly, and those with cancer, diabetes, or chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases—are at higher risk of hospital admission, acute respiratory failure, and death. Epidemiological studies, derived largely from the 2009 influenza pandemic, have linked a new risk factor—obesity—with severe influenza complications. Although the reasons behind this association are not entirely clear, obesity is thought to impair cellular immune function and, in animal models, promotes a dysregulated immune response to flu virus infection. Excess weight also strains respiratory function and predisposes to other high-risk comorbidities. Now, Travanty et al . suggest that the pandemic flu strain itself may be contributing to poor influenza outcomes by being more infectious in obese people than in those of normal weight. By using lungs donated but unsuitable for transplantation, Travanty et al. assessed the infectivity of primary alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) with strains of the influenza A(H1N1pdm09) virus. They found that AECs from obese donors (BMI ≥ 30) were, on average, significantly more susceptible to infection than AECs from nonobese (BMI 18 to 30) persons. Enhanced infectivity in obese persons, the authors suggest, might give rise to a higher viral burden and predispose to influenza-related complications. There are caveats to this study. Two pandemic flu strains were used to infect AECs from only 15 nonobese and 9 obese lung donors, with data from only one strain shown. Other host characteristics are clearly at play; indeed, the AECs most susceptible to infection were derived from an overweight but not obese woman (BMI 28). And the cellular mechanism of susceptibility remains to be elucidated. Still, these data suggest that part of the enhanced susceptibility to severe influenza disease in the obese may occur at a cellular level, independent of systemic factors like impaired immunity or respiratory physiology. E. Travanty et al ., Differential susceptibility of human lung primary cells to H1N1 influenza viruses. J. Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01792-15 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://jvi.asm.org/content/early/2015/09/10/JVI.01792-15.abstract
A Multi-agent Flocking Oriented Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm

The problem of obstacle avoidance is important in multi-agent flocking. Each agent should avoid obstacles safely,and then moves tow ard the target. Based on the existing artificial potential field flocking algorithm,an improved algorithm w ith obstacle avoidance capability w as presented. In this algorithm,the obstacle w as equivalent to a virtual agent for obstacle avoidance. Obstacle avoidance w ere not taken immediately w hen the agent perceived obstacles,but take the speed direction of the agent and the target point into consideration. According to different speed directions and position of the target,different obstacle avoidance measures w ill be taken. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification,obstacles could be avoided efficiently based on the proposed algorithm,w hich can make the flocking faster.
The Contrast of Seismic Property of Different Type Structure House

The article makes pushover analysis for two multiplayer frames(one common frame and one abnormity columniation frame)and three small high-rise structures(shearwall,short-climbed shearwall and frame-shearwall structure)based on software ADINA.Consequently,from displacement,vibration period and storey shear force,it is shown that the abnormity columniation frame can meet the seismic requirement and the short-climbed shearwall have better seismic capacity.
Perinatal viral infections.

A rational approach to dealing with specific perinatal viral pathogens is evolving based upon accumulated clinical experience. This review examines the more common viral pathogens — rubella, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, varicella, and hepatitis B —with special emphasis on clinical problems frequently encountered by the practicing perinatologist.
Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

Up to 15 % of couples experience infertility; this chapter provides an overview of reproductive endocrinology care, including ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization. The differential diagnosis of vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and adnexal masses in this specific patient population is discussed. The diagnosis and management of complications of infertility care—including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), pelvic infections, ovarian torsion and ectopic pregnancy—are reviewed.
Social capital and health in Kenya: A multilevel analysis.

Abstract Despite the acknowledgment that social capital is an important predictor of good health and overall well being in wealthy countries, little empirical research has been conducted in developing countries, particularly in Africa, to examine this relationship. This study examines the association between cognitive (trust) and structural (membership in organization) social capital on health at both the individual and contextual levels. Health was measured using answers to a subjective question on physical health and anxiety/worry suffered by individuals within the last 30 days. This study utilized Afrobarometer data collected in Kenya in 2005 to examine this relationship using multilevel logistic statistical modeling. Upon controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, social capital was found to be significantly associated with anxiety/worry and physical health in Kenya. Membership in organizations was associated with increased odds (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.02–1.76) of physical health problems, while individual trust was associated with a 6% (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.90–0.99) reduction in the likelihood of physical health problems. Conversely, generalized trust was associated with a 37% reduction in the odds (OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.40–0.99) of anxiety/worry, while individual trust was associated with a 5% reduction (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.90–1.00) of anxiety/worry. With the exception of membership in an organization that exacerbates physical health, both individual level trust and generalized trust were associated with better health outcomes in Kenya. The availability of social organizations at the contextual level was associated with worsening anxiety/worry although the effect size was small. These results show that social capital, particularly trust, is a concept that can apply to different social and cultural contexts and can potentially be harnessed to improve health in settings that suffer from resource poverty.
Regulation of oxidized base damage repair by chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated both endogenously and in response to exogenous stress, induce point mutations by mis-replication of oxidized bases and other lesions in the genome. Repair of these lesions via base excision repair (BER) pathway maintains genomic fidelity. Regulation of the BER pathway for mutagenic oxidized bases, initiated by NEIL1 and other DNA glycosylases at the chromatin level remains unexplored. Whether single nucleotide (SN)-BER of a damaged base requires histone deposition or nucleosome remodeling is unknown, unlike nucleosome reassembly which is shown to be required for other DNA repair processes. Here we show that chromatin assembly factor (CAF)-1 subunit A (CHAF1A), the p150 subunit of the histone H3/H4 chaperone, and its partner anti-silencing function protein 1A (ASF1A), which we identified in human NEIL1 immunoprecipitation complex, transiently dissociate from chromatin bound NEIL1 complex in G1 cells after induction of oxidative base damage. CHAF1A inhibits NEIL1 initiated repair in vitro Subsequent restoration of the chaperone-BER complex in cell, presumably after completion of repair, suggests that histone chaperones sequester the repair complex for oxidized bases in non-replicating chromatin, and allow repair when oxidized bases are induced in the genome.
De los Derechos Humanos: Reimagining Civics in Bilingual & Bicultural Settings

ABSTRACTDominant approaches to teaching social studies often marginalize bilingual and bicultural students. This is particularly troubling because the explicit goal of the social studies is to cultivate civic participation. Educational inequalities are thus tied to political inequalities. In light of this, this article shares a narrative case study of the author's own bilingual and bicultural approach to teaching middle school civics at a dual-language American school in Mexico. Through the illustration of a comparative civics curriculum that incorporates translanguaging practices, the author argues that embracing bilingualism and biculturalism in the social studies can lead to more expansive possibilities for justice-oriented civic education.
Thought worlds colliding: the role of contradiction in corporate innovation processes

Contradiction Is the home of creativity. Creative breakthroughs most often result from the juxtaposition of widely divergent bodies of knowledge and experience. This article develops a model of cor...
Evaluating the Locational Attributes of Education Management Organizations (EMOs)

This study uses logistic and multinomial logistic regression models to analyze neighborhood factors affecting EMO(Education Management Organization)-operated schools’ locational attributes (using c...
Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications

Magnetic skyrmions are topological quasiparticles of great interest for data storage applications because of their small size, high stability, and ease of manipulation via electric current. However, although models exist for some limiting cases, there is no universal theory capable of accurately describing the structure and energetics of all skyrmions. The main barrier is the complexity of non-local stray field interactions, which are usually included through crude approximations. Here we present an accurate analytical framework to treat isolated skyrmions in any material, assuming only a circularly-symmetric 360° domain wall profile and a homogeneous magnetization profile in the out-of-plane direction. We establish the first rigorous criteria to distinguish stray field from DMI skyrmions, resolving a major dispute in the community. We discover new phases, such as bi-stability, a phenomenon unknown in magnetism so far. We predict materials for sub-10 nm zero field room temperature stable skyrmions suitable for applications. Finally, we derive analytical equations to describe current-driven dynamics, find a topological damping, and show how to engineer materials in which compact skyrmions can be driven at velocities >1000 m/s.
The Reemerging Concern over Air Pollution in China: the Smog of the State’s Efforts to Guide Public Opinion

In January 2012, Beijing began releasing air quality report of PM 2.5. The move has been credited as a major breakthrough in China’s environmental governance as it is argued that online environmental activists in China were the major driving force behind it. Since then, the issue of air pollution has reemerged as one of the hottest issues and a series of new policies addressing air pollution have been adopted. Facing a relatively new phenomenon (wumai) and heightened public concerns, to what extent is the state still capable of guiding the pubic perception and opinions about the issue? By analyzing the discourse of air pollution in People’s Daily and comparing it with public opinion survey data, the paper finds that the state’s ability to guide public opinion is rather limited, indicating that opportunities do exist for civil society to play a bigger role in China’s environmental governance.
Tumor Necrosis Factor dynamically regulates the mRNA stabilome in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes

During rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) activates fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) inducing in a temporal order a constellation of genes, which perpetuate synovial inflammation. Although the molecular mechanisms regulating TNF-induced transcription are well characterized, little is known about the impact of mRNA stability on gene expression and the impact of TNF on decay rates of mRNA transcripts in FLS. To address these issues we performed RNA sequencing and genome-wide analysis of the mRNA stabilome in RA FLS. We found that TNF induces a biphasic gene expression program: initially, the inducible transcriptome consists primarily of unstable transcripts but progressively switches and becomes dominated by very stable transcripts. This temporal switch is due to: a) TNF-induced prolonged stabilization of previously unstable transcripts that enables progressive transcript accumulation over days and b) sustained expression and late induction of very stable transcripts. TNF-induced mRNA stabilization in RA FLS occurs during the late phase of TNF response, is MAPK-dependent, and involves several genes with pathogenic potential such as IL6, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL8/IL8, CCL2, and PTGS2. These results provide the first insights into genome-wide regulation of mRNA stability in RA FLS and highlight the potential contribution of dynamic regulation of the mRNA stabilome by TNF to chronic synovitis.
Abstract WMP10: Single-center Experience In The Off Label Use Of FDA Approved Drugs And Devices For Endovascular Treatment Of Cerebrovascular Diseases

Background: The off label use of FDA approved drugs and devices in neuroendovascular procedures is common. However, the frequency and characteristics of such use in the endovascular treatment of ce...
Synthesis of Actinide Fluoride Complexes Using Trimethyltin Fluoride as a Mild and Selective Fluorinating Reagent

Trimethyltin fluoride (Me₃SnF) is a mild and selective reagent for the installation of actinide fluoride bonds as demonstrated by the room temperature synthesis of a variety of organometallic and inorganic thorium(IV), uranium(IV), and uranium(V) fluoride complexes ((1,2,4-tBu₃C₅H₂)₂ThF₂, (C₅Me₅)₂U(F)(O-2,6-iPr₂C₆H₃), U(F)(O-2,6-tBu₂C₆H₃)₃, U(F)[N(SiMe₃)₂]₃ (C₅Me₅)₂UF₂(L) (L = O=PMe₃, O=PPh₃, O=PCy₃), and (C₅Me₅)₂U(F)(=N-2,6-iPr₂C₆H₃)) from their corresponding chloride, bromide, and iodide analogues. From these reactions, the new (C₅Me₅)₂UF₂(L) (L = O=PPh₃, O=PCy₃) uranium fluoride complexes were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
Magnetoencephalographic Mapping of Epileptic Spike Population Using Distributed Source Analysis: Comparison With Intracranial Electroencephalographic Spikes.

Introduction This study evaluates magnetoencephalographic (MEG) spike population as compared with intracranial electroencephalographic (IEEG) spikes using a quantitative method based on distributed source analysis. Methods We retrospectively studied eight patients with medically intractable epilepsy who had an MEG and subsequent IEEG monitoring. Fifty MEG spikes were analyzed in each patient using minimum norm estimate. For individual spikes, each vertex in the source space was considered activated when its source amplitude at the peak latency was higher than a threshold, which was set at 50% of the maximum amplitude over all vertices. We mapped the total count of activation at each vertex. We also analyzed 50 IEEG spikes in the same manner over the intracranial electrodes and created the activation count map. The location of the electrodes was obtained in the MEG source space by coregistering postimplantation computed tomography to MRI. We estimated the MEG- and IEEG-active regions associated with the spike populations using the vertices/electrodes with a count over 25. Results The activation count maps of MEG spikes demonstrated the localization associated with the spike population by variable count values at each vertex. The MEG-active region overlapped with 65 to 85% of the IEEG-active region in our patient group. Conclusions Mapping the MEG spike population is valid for demonstrating the trend of spikes clustering in patients with epilepsy. In addition, comparison of MEG and IEEG spikes quantitatively may be informative for understanding their relationship.
The Value of Science and Technology Studies (STS) to Sustainability Research: A Critical Approach Toward Synthetic Biology Promises

Sustainability has emerged as the newly ascendant policy issue of the twenty-first century. While we continue to argue about the true definition of “sustainability” – particularly since it has become a fashionable buzzword for the policy community and related funding agencies – the challenge of converting our present socio-technical system to a “sustainable” system has developed as a new master narrative, inspiring policy discourses both in Europe and the United States.
Pain, Acute and Postoperative

Acute pain is a complex physiological reaction to tissue injury and inflammation. Acute postoperative pain is considered a mandated part of the comprehensive surgical postoperative experience. Developments in the understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pain has focused greater attention on a multimodal approach to the management of acute pain in an effort to improve quality of life and functionality and enhance activities of daily living. The concept of multimodal analgesia is described as capturing the effectiveness of individual agents in optimal dosages that optimizes analgesia and minimizes side effects. This article will review acute pain with special emphasis on the management of postoperative pain and multimodal analgesia.
SATURN: A Thin and Flexible Self-powered Microphone Leveraging Triboelectric Nanogenerator

We demonstrate the design, fabrication, evaluation, and use of a self-powered microphone that is thin, flexible, and easily manufactured. Our technology is referred to as a Self-powered Audio Triboelectric Ultra-thin Rollable Nanogenerator (SATURN) microphone. This acoustic sensor takes advantage of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to transform vibrations into an electric signal without applying an external power source. The sound quality of the SATURN mic, in terms of acoustic sensitivity, frequency response, and directivity, is affected by a set of design parameters that we explore based on both theoretical simulation and empirical evaluation. The major advantage of this audio material sensor is that it can be manufactured simply and deployed easily to convert every-day objects and physical surfaces into microphones which can sense audio. We explore the space of potential applications for such a material as part of a self-sustainable interactive system.
Surgical Disparities Among Patients With Stage I Lung Cancer in the National Lung Screening Trial.

Background Low-dose CT scan reduces lung cancer mortality in high-risk patients fit to undergo surgical resection. Racial disparities in resection of lung cancer in nonscreening populations are well described. We describe surgical resection patterns of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and examine whether racial disparities exist among blacks. Methods We identified all NLST participants with clinical stage I NSCLC. Covariates included demographics, smoking history, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, and timing of cancer detection. Using logistic regression, we assessed resection rates of blacks vs whites. Results Among 752 patients with clinical stage I disease, 692 patients (92%) underwent resection. Unadjusted surgical resection rates for white men, white women, black men, and black women were 92%, 91%, 61%, and 90%, respectively. In adjusted analyses, compared with white men, black men had a 28% lower risk (relative risk, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99) of undergoing surgery; however, white women and black women underwent surgery at comparable rates as white men. The odds of undergoing limited resection instead of full resection were 70% greater in white women than white men (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.08-2.65). Conclusions Our study shows that disparities in the surgical treatment of lung cancer persist, even among NLST participants who were considered fit to undergo thoracic surgery. As lung cancer screening disseminates into clinical practice, efforts targeting black men should be prioritized.