cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interferometric measurement of the angular velocity of moving humans

This paper presents an analysis of the measurement of the angular velocity of walking humans using a millimeter-wave correlation interferometer. Measurement of the angular velocity of moving objects is a desirable function in remote sensing applications. Doppler radar sensors are able to measure the signature of moving humans based on micro-Doppler analysis; however, a person moving with little to no radial velocity produces negligible Doppler returns. Measurement of the angular movement of humans can be done with traditional radar techniques, however the process involves either continuous tracking with narrow beamwidth or angle-of-arrival estimation algorithms. A new method of measuring the angular velocity of moving objects using interferometry has recently been developed which measures the angular velocity of an object without tracking or complex processing. The frequency of the interferometer signal response is proportional to the angular velocity of the object as it passes through the interferometer beam pattern. In this paper, the theory of the interferometric measurement of angular velocity is covered and simulations of the response of a walking human are presented. Simulations are produced using a model of a walking human to show the significant features associated with the interferometer response, which may be used in classification algorithms.
PREDICTING THE FUTURE: A CONNECTIONIST APPROACH

We investigate the effectiveness of connectionist architectures for predicting the future behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. We focus on real-world time series of limited record length. Two examples are analyzed: the benchmark sunspot series and chaotic data from a computational ecosystem. The problem of overfitting, particularly serious for short records of noisy data, is addressed both by using the statistical method of validation and by adding a complexity term to the cost function ("back-propagation with weight-elimination"). The dimension of the dynamics underlying the time series, its Liapunov coefficient, and its nonlinearity can be determined via the network. We also show why sigmoid units are superior in performance to radial basis functions for high-dimensional input spaces. Furthermore, since the ultimate goal is accuracy in the prediction, we find that sigmoid networks trained with the weight-elimination algorithm outperform traditional nonlinear statistical approaches.
Fetal alcohol syndrome: Failure of zinc supplementation to reverse the effect of ethanol on placental transport of zinc

Summary: Clinical observation and experimental animal models indicate that chronic ethanol ingestion during pregnancy results in a well recognized state in the fetus termed fetal alcohol syndrome. We have recently demonstrated, using an in vivo technique, that placental transport of zinc, an essential element for protein synthesis, is significantly decreased by short-term and long-term ethanol ingestion during pregnancy; moreover, total fetal zinc concentration in the offspring of mothers on chronic ethanol diet was significantly decreased compared to pair-fed controls. These findings indicated that the growth retardation in fetal alcohol syndrome may be due partly to a decrease in the transfer of zinc to the fetus. Our current study was designed to investigate whether the defect in placental transport can be overcome by supplementation of the ethanol diet with either 10 or 40 mg of zinc per liter in isocalorically pair-fed pregnant rats. The results indicate that supplementation of the ethanol diet with zinc did not overcome the defect in placental transport of zinc.
Some Fundamental Limits Of Holography

Knowing the fundamental or ultimate limits enables holographers to avoid attempting impossible tasks while pushing close to the optimum. We offer here some preliminary observations on diffraction limits, throughput limits, and brightness limits. We then offer two new theorems on angular and spectral resolution.
Management of late-onset bleb leaks.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews various methods of both medical and surgical management of late bleb leaks. RECENT FINDINGS The hood procedure without bleb removal may be preferred for small leaking blebs and autologous conjunctival bleb resurfacing for large leaking blebs. If hypotony is present preleak, revision of the underlying scleral flap may also be required. SUMMARY Blebs with late leaks are a major problem after glaucoma filtration surgery and can result in hypotony or endophthalmitis. Conservative treatment and laser therapy both have limited success in sealing the leaks and are not as effective as surgical management. Many surgical techniques are used, but none is universally successful.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase is present in peroxisomes in normal rat liver cells

Abstract The location inside rat liver parenchymal cells of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34), the key regulatory enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, has been examined by immunoelectron microscopy and by subcellular fractionation. Although HMG-CoA reductase is generally thought to be exclusively a microsomal enzyme, we find that a substantial portion of cellular HMG-CoA reductase is localized in peroxisomes. Immunoelectron microscopic labeling of ultrathin frozen sections of normal rat liver, using two monoclonal antibodies to purified HMG-CoA reductase, showed that the enzyme is present in the peroxisomes at a higher concentration than at any other site inside the hepatocytes. Subcellular fractionation studies using Percoll and metrizamide gradients demonstrated a close correspondence of peaks of HMG-CoA reductase activity and of catalase activity, again revealing the presence of the reductase enzyme in peroxisomes. HMG-CoA reductase is therefore localized in peroxisomes in addition to being in the microsomal fraction.
Screening for Temporomandibular Disorders: History and Clinical Examination

A temporomandibular disorder (TMD) conference was convened in 1982 by the president of the American Dental Association. One of the objectives was to develop guidelines for a brief screening history and examination relative to TMD in order to determine whether there is a need for a more comprehensive evaluation. Based on these guidelines and under the auspices of the American College of Prosthodontists, this article discusses a simplified TMD screening and examination form that requires minimum time for both the patient (history) and health care provider (examination) to complete. Succinct recommendations are also presented to enable the health care provider to quickly determine if a more detailed TMD history and examination are warranted.
The Structure of Islam in Switzerland and the Effects of the Swiss Minaret Ban

AbstractIn order to understand the passage of the legislation against the construction of minarets in Switzerland in 2009, the historical and political context must first be elucidated. Historically, the internal religious and linguistic differences across the nation play a large role in the way the Swiss have come to conceptualize the “Other”. In recent years, the processes of Muslim immigration to Switzerland since the 1960s, particularly in reference to the legislation that allowed for family regrouping in the late 1970s, have had a profound impact on the social and cultural composition of Swiss urban spaces, including the growing presence of Muslim institutions. This article aims to contextualize the minaret ban within these historical and political developments in order to offer potential explanations for its approval. Additionally, it attempts to explain the implications of the ban for the Swiss Muslim community and for the way that secularism is applied in the Swiss context.
How to Cut Pseudoparabolas into Segments

Let Γ be a collection of unbounded x -monotone Jordan arcs intersecting at most twice each other, which we call pseudoparabolas, since two axis parallel parabolas intersect at most twice. We investigate how to cut pseudoparabolas into the minimum number of curve segments so that each pair of segments intersect at most once. We give an Ω( n 4/3 ) lower bound and O(n 5/3 ) upper bound on the number of cuts. We give the same bounds for an arrangement of circles. Applying the upper bound, we give an O(n 23/12 ) bound on the complexity of a level in an arrangement of pseudoparabolas, and an O(n 11/6 ) bound on the complexity of a combinatorially concave chain of pseudoparabolas. We also give some upper bounds on the number of transitions of the minimum weight matroid base when the weight of each element changes as a quadratic function of a single parameter.
Testing the equality of covariance matrices under intraclass correlation models

The modified likelihood ratio test for the equality of covariance matrices under intraclass correlation models is obtained and its asymptotic distributions are derived. This test is compared with the test derived by using Roy's union-intersection principle, by a Monte Carlo study. It is found that in general the modified likelihood ratio test has a larger power. When the covariance matrices are such that one has small eigenvalues, one has large eigenvalues and the eigenvalues of the rest are in the middle, the two tests have about the same power.
A single cyclohexadienyl dehydratase specifies the prephenate dehydratase and arogenate dehydratase components of one of two independent pathways to l-phenylalanine in Erwinia herbicola

Dual biosynthetic pathways diverge from prephenate to L-phenylalanine in Erwinia herbicola, the unique intermediates of these pathways being phenylpyruvate and L-arogenate. After separation from the bifunctional P-protein (one component of which has prephenate dehydratase activity), the remaining prephenate dehydratase activity could not be separated from arogenate dehydratase activity throughout fractionation steps yielding a purification of more than 1200-fold. The ratio of activities was constant after removal of the P-protein, and the two dehydratase activities were stable during purification. Hence, the enzyme is a cyclohexadienyl dehydratase. The native enzyme has a molecular mass of 73 kDa and is a tetramer made up of identical 18-kDa subunits. Km values of 0.17 mM and 0.09 mM were calculated for prephenate and L-arogenate, respectively. L-Arogenate inhibited prephenate dehydratase competitively with respect to prephenate, whereas prephenate inhibited arogenate dehydratase competitively with respect to L-arogenate. Thus, the enzyme has a common catalytic site for utilization of prephenate or L-arogenate as alternative substrates. This is the first characterization of a purified monofunctional cyclohexadienyl dehydratase.
Hypertension: An Immune Disorder?

T cell depletion can prevent hypertension in experimental animals. What is the nature of T cell activation in hypertension? In this issue of Immunity, Carnevale et al. (2014) implicate PlGF signaling in a reservoir of splenic T cells.
The political economy of the Reconstruction Era’s race riots

This paper analyzes the political economy of the Reconstruction Era’s (1865–1877) race riots through the economic logic of rules. The central argument is that the race riots were not an inevitable outcome at the end of the Civil War, but instead occurred because of the absence of effective rules to raise the cost of engaging in violence. We offer a general framework of ‘rule stickiness’ to analyze the process of rule reform. This framework offers insight into the conditions influencing the enforcement costs of formal rules, as well as the likelihood of third-party enforcers effectively monitoring and punishing rule breakers. The Memphis race riot of 1866 is provided as a case study to illuminate the explanatory power of the theoretical framework.
Multi-location peak parking method: An important new tool for the study of mass transfer kinetics in liquid chromatography

The peak parking (PP) method probes the longitudinal diffusion coefficient of a compound at a single location along the chromatographic column. We extended to a so-called multi-location peak parking (MLPP) method, in which a large number of axial locations along the column are selected in order to check the validity of the conventional PP method and to reveal possible defaults in the structure of the packed bed or pitfalls of the PP and the MLPP methods. MLPP was applied to a series of HILIC columns, including a 5.0 μm Venusil, a 3.0 μm Luna-diol, three 2.7 μm Halo, and a 1.7 μm Kinetex columns. The results demonstrate that the MLPP method may reveal local heterogeneities in the axial diffusion of small retained low molecular weight compounds along the column. Most importantly, experiments show that the sample zone should not be parked in the entrance of the column (i.e., at <1/10 th of the column length). The abrupt drop in the flow rate considerably affects the peak shape and prevents scientists from using the conventional PP method. Practical solutions to cope with that problem are proposed and their success/failure are discussed.
Relationships Matter: Ethical Considerations for Returning Results to Family Members of Deceased Subjects

The obligation to return genetic results to the biological relatives of research subjects is an emerging issue in research ethics. The lack of consensus regarding this type of third-party disclosur...
Parent Motivation to Participate in Treatment: Assessment and Prediction of Subsequent Participation

Treatment motivation is required for virtually all psychosocial treatments because clients must participate actively in the treatment process. In child and family treatments, it is the parent who must be motivated to manage treatment participation; however, no measures are currently available for evaluating parent motivation for treatment. The authors developed and evaluated a brief rating scale, the Parent Motivation Inventory (PMI), to measure parent motivation to participate in treatment. Results supported a uni-dimensional measure with strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Increases in parent motivation predicted the perception of fewer barriers to treatment participation, which was significantly associated with greater treatment attendance. The PMI provides a reliable and valid method of assessing parents’ motivation to participate in treatment and has implications for the prediction and potential modification of barriers to treatment and treatment participation.
Double phase mask fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings

The development of fiber Bragg gratings has enabled fabrication of a variety of different Bragg grating devices that were not possible previously, such as dispersion compensators and band-rejection filters.
High complexity in the expression of the B′ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A0: Evidence for the existence of at least seven novel isoforms

Association of the catalytic subunit (C2) with a variety of regulatory subunits is believed to modulate the activity and specificity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). In this study we report the cloning and expression of a new family of B-subunit, the B′, associated with the PP2A0 form. Polymerase chain reactions and cDNA library screening have identified at least seven cDNA isotypes, designated α, β1, β2, β3, β4, γ, and δ. The different β subtypes appear to be generated by alternative splicing. The deduced amino acid sequences of the α, β2, β3, β4 and γ isoforms predict molecular weights of 57,600, 56,500, 60,900, 52,500, and 68,000, respectively. The proteins are 60-80% identical and differ mostly at their termini. Two of the isoforms, B′β3 and B′γ, contain a bipartite nuclear localization signal in their COOH terminus. No homology was found with other B- or Brelated subunits. Northern analyses indicate a tissuespecific expression of the isoforms. Expression of B′α protein in Escherichia coli generated a polypeptide of ∼53 kDa, similar to the size of the B′ subunit present in the purified PP2A0. The recombinant protein was recognized by antibody raised against native B′ and interacted with the dimeric PP2A (A•C2) to generate a trimeric phosphatase. The deduced amino acid sequences of the B′ isoforms show significant homology to mammalian, fungal, and plant nucleotide sequences of unknown function present in the data bases. Notably, a high degree of homology (55-66%) was found with a yeast gene, RTS1, encoding a multicopy suppressor of a rox3 mutant. Our data indicate that at least seven B′ subunit isoforms may participate in the generation of a large number of PP2A0 holoenzymes that may be spatially and/or functionally targeted to different cellular processes.
Noninvasive detection of cardiovascular pulsations by optical Doppler techniques.

A system has been developed based on the measurement of skin surface vibration that can be used to detect the underlying vascular wall motion of superficial arteries and the chest wall. Data obtained from tissue phantoms suggested that the detected signals were related to intravascular pressure, an important clinical and physiological parameter. Unlike the conventional optical Doppler techniques that have been used to measure blood perfusion in skin layers and blood flow within superficial arteries, the present system was optimized to pick up skin vibrations. An optical interferometer with a 633-nm He:Ne laser was utilized to detect micrometer displacements of the skin surface. Motion velocity profiles of the skin surface near each superficial artery and auscultation points on a chest for the two heart valve sounds exhibited distinctive profiles. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that the system detected the velocity of skin movement, which is related to the time derivative of the pressure. The system also reduces the loading effect on the pulsation signals and heart sounds produced by the conventional piezoelectric vibration sensors. The system’s sensitivity, which could be optimized further, was 366.2 mm/s for the present research. Overall, optical cardiovascular vibrometry has the potential to become a simple noninvasive approach to cardiovascular screening. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S1083-3668(97)00604-7]
Pharmacologic Perturbation Strategies in the Study of the Neurobiology of Depression

Abstract 1. 1. Psychological, behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and receptor binding measurements are useful as dependent variables when studying the biology of depression and mania. 2. 2. Pharmacological perturbations of cholinergic mechanisms can produce changes mimicking aspects of the neurobiology of affective disorders. 3. 3. These changes can be quantitated by measuring their impact on variables in each of these classes. 4. 4. Pharmacological methods for inducing these changes in cholinergic systems and their application to clinical and basic research in the field of affective disorders are highlighted.
Intravenous Iron Supplementation Practices and Short-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients

Background & Objectives Intravenous iron supplementation is widespread in the hemodialysis population, but there is uncertainty about the safest dosing strategy. We compared the safety of different intravenous iron dosing practices on the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in a large population of hemodialysis patients. Design settings, participants, & measurements A retrospective cohort was created from the clinical database of a large dialysis provider (years 2004-2008) merged with administrative data from the United States Renal Data System. Dosing comparisons were (1) bolus (consecutive doses ≥ 100 mg exceeding 600 mg during one month) versus maintenance (all other iron doses during the month); and (2) high (> 200 mg over 1 month) versus low dose (≤ 200 mg over 1 month). We established a 6-month baseline period (to identify potential confounders and effect modifiers), a one-month iron exposure period, and a three-month follow-up period. Outcomes were myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease. Results 117,050 patients contributed 776,203 unique iron exposure/follow-up periods. After adjustment, we found no significant associations of bolus dose versus maintenance, hazards ratio for composite outcome, 1.03 (95% C.I. 0.99, 1.07), or high dose versus low dose intravenous iron, hazards ratio for composite outcome, 0.99 (95% C.I. 0.96, 1.03). There were no consistent associations of either high or bolus dose versus low or maintenance respectively among pre-specified subgroups. Conclusions Strategies favoring large doses of intravenous iron were not associated with increased short-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Investigation of the long-term safety of the various intravenous iron supplementation strategies may still be warranted.
Response and Sequencing Errors in Surveys: A Discrete Contagious Regression Analysis

Abstract Skip sequencing in surveys reduces costs but also acts as a mechanism of contagion in transmitting error from one survey item to subsequent items. The error process is modeled as a contagious, stochastic one in which both the initiating and induced errors follow the Poisson distribution. The resulting compound distribution, first used by Thomas in 1949, is then used as the basis of a discrete contagious regression model in which characteristics of respondents, subject individuals, and interviewers are allowed to affect the intensity of both initiating and induced errors. The model is applied to data from the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) Reinterview Program. The results suggest that induced-sequencing errors are at least as important a source of losses in reliability as are initiating-response or spontaneous-procedural errors. The relative importance of induced-sequencing errors is directly proportional to the sequence length. Because the relationships between individual ...
A hitherto unrecognized factor against dietary necrotic liver degeneration in American yeast (factor 3).

Summary(1) It is shown that yeast G (cultured, primary dried yeast) and yeast K (debittered, dried brewers yeast), which do not induce liver degeneration, exert a strong protective influence when added to diets causing the disease. It has been demonstrated by fractionation experiments that this effect is not due to vit. E or cystine, but due to a third unidentified factor, designated factor 3, which has been concentrated from yeast K. (2) The presence of factor 3 explains why dietary necrotic liver degeneration cannot be produced with American yeasts G and K. Factor 3 is water soluble, stable against acid hydrolysis, and is not identical with any one of the presently well-known vitamins.
In vitro-in vivo activity relationship of substituted benzimidazole cell division inhibitors with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Summary Structure based drug design was used to develop a compound library of novel 2,5,6- and 2,5,7-trisubstituted benzimidazoles. Three structural analogs, SB-P1G10, SB-P8B2 and SB-P3G2 were selected from this library for advanced study. In vitro studies revealed that SB-P8B2 and SB-P3G2 had sigmoidal kill-curves while in contrast SB-P1G10 showed a narrow zonal susceptibility. The in vitro studies also demonstrated that exposure to SB-P8B2 or SB-P3G2 was bactericidal, while SB-P1G10 treatment never resulted in complete killing. The dose curves for the three compounds against clinical isolates were comparable to their respective dose curves in the laboratory strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . SB-P8B2 and SB-P3G2 exhibited antibacterial activity against non-replicating bacilli under low oxygen conditions. SB-P3G2 and SB-P1G10 were assessed in acute short-term animal models of tuberculosis, which showed that SB-P3G2 demonstrated activity against M. tuberculosis . Together, these studies reveal an in vitro – in vivo relationship of the 2,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles that serves as a criterion for advancing this class of cell division inhibitors into more resource intensive in vivo efficacy models such as the long-term murine model of tuberculosis and Pre-IND PK/PD studies. Specifically, these studies are the first demonstration of efficacy and an in vitro – in vivo activity relationship for 2,5,6-trisubstituted benzimidazoles. The in vivo activity presented in this manuscript substantiates this class of cell division inhibitors as having potency and efficacy against M. tuberculosis .
Growth hormone receptor inhibition decreases the growth and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

A viable treatment for pancreatic cancer could stem from targeting the growth hormone receptor (GHR) protein, scientists in the USA state. Pancreatic cancer shows no early warning symptoms, and, as a result, is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, with a survival rate of only 1%. Following limited earlier studies showing elevated levels of GHR in patients with the disease, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy and co-workers at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center studied the impact of GHR levels on the development of pancreatic cancer. The team conducted tests on human cancer cell lines, and discovered that silencing GHR significantly reduced the proliferation and invading ability of the pancreatic cancer cells. Lakshmanaswamy's team believe that GHR may be a viable therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Acceleration by Ecdysterone of Premoult Substages in the Crayfish

AN insect does not enter premoult if its thoracic glands have been removed, nor a crustacean if its y-organs have been removed, but once premoult is under way it continues whether or not the glands are present1,2. This suggests that the hormone secreted by these glands acts merely as a trigger to initiate premoult, and as the injection of ecdysone also initiates premoult, this is the hormone thought to be secreted. Also, the brain-ring gland complex of Calliphora, which contains the homologues of the thoracic glands, has been shown to produce substances similar to ecdysone and crustecdysone3.
Figural after-effects of Köhler and Wallach reinterpreted.

A theory of perception is extended to figural after-effects which has been used already to rationalize the illusory phenomena of static visual illusions, fluctuating figures and visual illusions of motion. The theory proposes three laws of perception. All of the extensive observations of Kdhler and Wallach are rationalized under these laws embodying the present theoretical orientation. The theory maintains that the experience of perception occurs only during the interaction of forces introduced by a pattern with the forces characteristic of the brain in order to produce the greatest equilibrium within the two systems of forces. A pattern is not reproduced in the brain. A pattern produces a system of forces. Neither the image of the pattern nor its forces impinging on the nervous system produce the perceptual experience. It is during the process of interaction of the forces of the pattern with the forces of the brain and only during this interaction that perception is experienced. This interaction is a con...
Stress ulcers in rats: The role of food intake, body weight, and time of day

Rats were housed in activity wheels (n = 32) or in hanging cages (n = 32) for 2 weeks. Food intake of rats in hanging cages was curtailed to match body weight to that of the activity group. All rats then received 6 g of food at one of four different times of day (n = 8, each mealtime) for 4 consecutive days and were sacrificed 24 h after the last meal. Twenty-three rats in the activity group and 13 rats in the hanging cage group had ulcers in the glandular portion of the stomach. Ulcers were significantly larger and more numerous in the activity group, and activity levels were highly correlated with area of ulceration. In both groups, terminal body weight was also significantly correlated with area of ulceration. No statistically reliable mealtime effects were observed because of large within-group variability. Because many rats in hanging cages developed ulcers in the absence of wheel running, the results suggest that restricted food supply and loss of body weight are initiating factors in ulcer formation, while excessive wheel running contributes to the severity of ulcerations in the glandular stomach.
Compensatory Hypertrophy and Phenylethanolamine N-Methyl Transferase (PNMT) Activity in the Rat Adrenal,

Compensatory hypertrophy effects on adrenal phenylethanolamine n-methyl transferase /PNMT/ activity in rats
A global solution curve for a class of periodic problems, including the pendulum equation

Using continuation methods and bifurcation theory, we study the exact multiplicity of periodic solutions, and the global solution structure, for a class of periodically forced pendulum-like equations. Our results apply also to the first order equations. We also show that by choosing a forcing term, one can produce periodic solutions with any number of Fourier coefficients arbitrarily prescribed.
Perturbative SO(10) GUT and the minimal Higgs sector

Abstract The breaking of SO(10) to SU ( 3 ) C × U ( 1 ) EM can be accomplished by just four Higgs fields: the symmetric rank-two tensor, S ( 54 ) ; a pair of spinors, C ( 16 ) and C ¯ ( 16 ¯ ) ; and a vector, T ( 10 ) . This setup is also able to generate realistic fermion masses. The heavy color triplets in the vector and spinor fields mediate proton decay via dimension-five operators. The experimental bounds on proton decay constrain the structure and size of the Yukawa operators.
Clinical presentation and cytopathologic features of malignant pericardial cytology: a single institution analysis spanning a 29-year period

Introduction Pericardial effusion can be a consequence of various diseased states, including infection, autoimmune disease, renal failure, myocardial disease, and neoplasms. Although multiple case reports of malignancy-associated pericardial effusion have been published, few database analyses are available in these published reports. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 1022 cytology cases and assessed malignancy-associated pericardial effusion. Materials and methods We reviewed our cytology reports for pericardial effusion cases from January 1, 1983 to July 31, 2013. These cases were classified as benign, atypical, malignant, and nondiagnostic. The malignant cases were further characterized based on either immunohistochemical staining results or patients' history. Results We identified 1022 cases and grouped them as follows: 824 benign (80.6%), 38 atypical (3.7%), 158 malignant (15.4%), and 2 unsatisfactory (0.1%). Malignant cases included 131 adenocarcinoma (82.9%), 12 lymphoma (7.9%), 6 poorly differentiated carcinoma (3.8%), 4 mesothelioma (2.5%), 2 squamous cell carcinoma (1.3%), 1 melanoma (0.6%), 1 sarcoma (0.6%), and 1 small cell carcinoma (0.6%). Of these 131 adenocarcinomas, 83 cases had clinical history and/or immunohistochemical study available for further classification, which included 44 lung, 18 breast, 7 esophagogastric adenocarcinomas, 6 adenocarcinomas of unknown primary sites, 5 ovarian, and 2 rectal adenocarcinomas. The clinical presentation, prognosis, and cytopathologic features for malignant pericardial effusions are summarized. Conclusions In this study, 15.4% of pericardial effusion cases were caused by metastatic malignancy, with lung adenocarcinoma being the most common primary site, followed by breast and lymphoma. Relatively young patients are affected, with average age being 56 years. Prognosis is poor for patients with malignant pericardial effusion. However, targeted therapy showed improved survival.
Modulating adaptive immune responses to peptide self-assemblies.

Self-assembling peptides and peptide derivatives have received significant interest for several biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, wound healing, cell delivery, drug delivery, and vaccines. This class of materials has exhibited significant variability in immunogenicity, with many peptides eliciting no detectable antibody responses but others eliciting very strong responses without any supplemental adjuvants. Presently, strategies for either avoiding strong antibody responses or specifically inducing them are not well-developed, even though they are critical for the use of these materials both within tissue engineering and within immunotherapies. Here, we investigated the molecular determinants and immunological mechanisms leading to the significant immunogenicity of the self-assembling peptide OVA-Q11, which has been shown previously to elicit strong antibody responses in mice. We show that these responses can last for at least a year. Using adoptive transfer experiments and T cell kno...
Kinetics and mechanisms of monolayer interactions. III: models to explain time-dependent effects of injected cetrimonium bromide.

Abstract Two kinetic models are derived to explain the time dependent effects of cetrimonium ions injected beneath an air aqueous solution interface without any previously adsorbed or spread monolayer at different ionic strengths. The data show excellent fit and consistency with a multicompartmental kinetic model which postulates a barrier or intermediate compartment between the ionic surfactant in the subphase and the sites on the surface. Such a barrier inhibits free diffusion of the surfactant from the bulk of the solution to these sites. The experimental data are not inconsistent with a model that postulates a time-dependent binding process and the absence of a diffusion-limiting subinterface since, within the limits of the error, the derived rate constants conform to the model prediction that they should be proportional to the surfactant-ion concentration.
Optimization of optical limiting devices based on excited-state absorption.

Limiting devices protect sensitive optical elements from laser-induced damage (LID). Passive devices use focusing optics to concentrate the light through a nonlinear optical (NLO) element (or elements) to reduce the limiting threshold. Unfortunately, these NLO elements may themselves undergo LID for high inputs, restricting the useful dynamic range (DR). Recently, efforts at optimizing this DR have focused on distributing the NLO material along the propagation path z of a focused beam, resulting in different portions of the device (in z) exhibiting NLO response at different inputs. For example, nonlinear absorbers closer to the lens, i.e., upstream, protect device elements downstream near the focal plane. This results in an undesirable increase in the threshold, although the lowest threshold is always obtained with the final element at focus. Thus there is a compromise between DR and threshold. This compromise is determined by the material. We concentrate on reverse saturable absorber (RSA) materials (molecules exhibiting larger excited-state than ground-state absorption). We look at both tandem devices and devices in which the concentration of the NLO material is allowed to spatially vary in z. These latter devices require solid-state hosts. The damage threshold of currently available solid-state hosts is too low to allow known RSA materials to reach their maximum absorption, which occurs when all molecules are in their excited state. This is demonstrated by approximate analytical methods as well as by a full numerical solution of the nonlinear wave propagation equation over extremely large distances in z (up to 103Z0, where Z0 is the Rayleigh range of the focused beam). The numerical calculations, based on a one-dimensional fast Fourier transform, indicate that proper inclusion of diffraction reduces the effectiveness of reverse saturable absorption for limiting, sometimes by more than a factor of 10. Liquid-based devices have higher damage thresholds (damage occurs to the cuvette wall) and, thus, larger nonlinear absorption. However, RSA material in liquid hosts may suffer from larger thermal lensing.
Designing Accurate Control Charts Based on the Geometric and Negative Binomial Distributions

Attribute control charts are used effectively to monitor for process change. Their accuracy can be improved by judiciously selecting the sample size. The required sample sizes to achieve accuracy can be quite restrictive, especially when the nominal proportions of non-conforming units are quite small. The usual attribute control chart has a set sample size and the number of non-conforming units in the sample is plotted. If, instead of setting a specific sample size the number of non-conforming units is set, an alternative monitoring process is possible. Specifically, the cumulative count of conforming (CCC-r) control chart is a plot of the number of units that must be tested to find the rth non-conforming unit. These charts, based on the geometric and negative binomial distributions, are often suggested for monitoring very high quality processes. However, they can also be used very efficiently to monitor processes of lesser quality. This procedure has the potential to find process deterioration more quickly and efficiently. Xie et al. (Journal of Quality and Reliability Management 1999; 16(2):148–157) provided tables of control limits for CCC-r charts for but focused mainly on high-quality processes and the tables do not include any assessments of the risk of a false alarm or the reliability of detecting process change. In this paper, these tables are expanded for processes of lesser quality and include such assessments using the number of expected monitoring periods (average run lengths (ARLs)) to detect process change. Also included is an assessment of the risk of a false alarm, that is, a false indication of process deterioration. Such assessments were not included by Xie et al. but are essential for the quality engineer to make sound decisions. Furthermore, a hybrid of the control charts based on the binomial, geometric and negative binomial distributions is proposed to monitor for process change. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Missed diagnoses of acute coronary syndromes in the emergency room--continuing challenges.

Patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes, or acute cardiac ischemia, account for nearly 1.7 million hospital admissions per year in the United States. Between 2 and 8 percent of patients with myocardial infarction are mistakenly released from the emergency department.1–3 In addition to the implications for patient care of the failure to diagnose acute coronary syndromes, the threat of malpractice suits is also of concern. An estimated 20 percent of the money awarded in malpractice suits against emergency department physicians is related to the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of acute coronary syndromes. Thus, it is not surprising that physicians in . . .
Corona-induced photoxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons over TiO2 in the absence of a UV light source – A novel and environmentally friendly method for oxidation

Corona-induced photooxidation is a novel oxidation methodology for the efficient oxidation of alcohols and hydrocarbons utilizing the advantage of both the high oxidizing power of ozone formed in the reactor as well as the photooxidation capability of the UV light generated during the corona discharge.
A Comparison of Adjectival Antonyms by Simple Card-Pattern Formation

(1960). A Comparison of Adjectival Antonyms by Simple Card-Pattern Formation. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 133-137.
Geometric Properties of the Icosahedral-Hexagonal Grid on the Two-Sphere

An icosahedral-hexagonal grid on the two-sphere is created by dividing the faces of an icosahedron and projecting the vertices onto the sphere. This grid and its Voronoi tessellation have several desirable features for numerical simulations of physical processes on the sphere. While several methods to construct the icosahedral grid mesh have been proposed over the past decades, and empirical data have been collected to understand and help improve the grid, rarely have analytical analyses been done to investigate the basic geometric properties of the grid. In this paper, we present an analytical analysis of several geometric properties of the icosahedral grids based on two basic constructions: recursive and nonrecursive construction. We point out that these geometric properties can be improved with modified construction procedures. We demonstrate how these improvements impact the numerical integration of PDEs over the sphere.
Surfactant-Enhanced Partitioning of Nickel and Vanadyl Deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrins from Crude Oil into Water and Their Analysis Using Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

The authors have addressed the identification of molecular fossils of deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin (DPEP) complexes of vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) and its partitioning from crude oil into the environment. The analyses described here involve water/surfactant solutions that were in contact with the Boscan crude oil for 1 month. Both VO(DPEP) and Ni(DPEP) are identified using resonance Raman (RR) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroscopies. Synthetic metalloporphyrins (petroporphyrins) are employed as standards for fingerprinting ng the naturally occurring crude oil pigments. Supplementary analyses of the Boscan crude oil (source) using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies along with ionic monitoring of the water samples using UV-Vis, ICP, and ion chromatography (IC) were used to assist in establishing their relative abundance and multiple speciation porphyrin forms in the aqueous environment. Results showed that partitioning of V and Ni from the oil phase to the aqueous phase is extremely low and that most of the V and Ni in the aqueous phase is not in ionic form. Although direct partitioning of these metals into the water phase from the oil phase is low, surfactants increase this partitioning of the metalloporphyrin chelates into the water. The results of this study have shown that contamination of drinking water by metals released from crude oils through partitioning is small, and the metals in the aqueous phase are primarily in a complexed form, which further reduces toxicity concerns. Under certain circumstances, it is likely that humic substances, like surfactants, may enhance the partitioning of these complexed metals.
'Ideography' or Iconolatry?)

With martial stalk, the ghost of 'Ideography' haunts again the platform of sinological Elsinore. In TP 34. 265-294, Professor Herrlee Glessner Creel, taking exception to some statements in the present writer's 'Proleptical Remarks' (HJAS 2. 329-372), directed against his efforts to revive 'ideography' as a method of interpreting Chinese characters, attempts to re-state his position in a curiously constructed article entitled 'On the Ideographic Element in Ancient Chinese'. Though written in a lively, controversial vein, the paper fails to produce a single new fact which would help us to clarify the important problenm of the structure and genesis of Chinese writing, and enlightens us very little on the nature of 'ideographic' ectoplasm. The article inakes it painfully obvious, on the other hand, that the discussion of the cardinal points of the origin and development of the Chinese written language cannot be fruitfully continued, so long as the champions of 'ideography' refuse to define what they mean by an 'ideogram', and to explain coherently their reasons for disregarding in specific cases long-established evidence pointing
Environmental Determinations Using Absolute Miospore Frequency, Mississippi River Delta

Samples of modern sediments were collected from the main depositional environments of the Mississippi River delta according to a predetermined sampling pattern designed to determine if: (a) differences could be detected among environments and (b) which environments showed differences. The data were analyzed using a nested analysis of variance test and orthogonal comparisons. Significant differences do exist but are not large enough to be clearly definitive of a particular environment.
Screening of a point impurity in the surface region of an electron gas

Abstract A Green's function formalism is described for calculating screening charge densities around point impurities on bounded electron gas surfaces. A numerical calculation indicates that surface impurity Friedel oscillations occur over a much longer range than for bulk impurities.
Utilization of a microprogrammable computer for statistical analyses of data from a large epileptic patient population. I. Techniques and preliminary results.

SUMMARY A computer-based system is described for both the convenient storage and retrieval of data obtained from a large epileptic seizure patient population. Several examples of displays of data recall in three-dimensional histograms forms are presented. With a large number of stored patient records, more varied relationships should be possible, with a correponding increase in significance. RESUME On decrit un systeme utilisant un computer et permettant a la fois le stockage convenable et le reperage des donnees obtenues a partir d'une vaste population d'epileptiques. Plusieurs exemples de representation des donnees par des histogrammes tridimensionnels sont presentes. Si les dossiers stockes sont tres nombreux, on doit pouvoir etablir des relations entre des parametres plus varies, et rendre ainsi les resultats plus significatifs.
Effect of Age and Kind of Tissue on Mitotic Activity in Chicken Embryos

Abstract INTRODUCTION CYTOLOGISTS have continued to use new cytological procedures for additional studies of the chromosomes, especially the smaller ones, of Gallus domesticus. Successful procedures have included treatments with in vivo cholchicine (Bloom and Buss, 1966; Owen, 1965), hypotonic solution (Ohno, 1961; Van Brink and Ubbels, 1956) or 0.9% sodium citrate (Owen, 1965), fixation by acetic-alcohol (Owen, 1965) or Newcomer's fluid (Bloom and Buss, 1967), 45% acetic acid treatment (Ohno, 1961; Van Brink and Ubbels, 1956) and squashing (Bloom and Buss, 1967; Ohno, 1961) or air-drying (Owen, 1965). The nuclei of cells in the chicken contain 78 + chromosomes (Owen, 1965); therefore the selection of well-fixed and well-spread prometaphase or metaphase figures is required for karyotype analysis. Chromosome studies in chick embryos have not established the stage of development at which mitotic divisions are in greatest quantity. This study attempted such an analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Embryonic tissues (brain, limb bud, . . .
A 3 $\,\times\,$ 5-Gb/s Multilane Low-Power 0.18- $\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS Pseudorandom Bit Sequence Generator

A low-power, three-lane, pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) generator has been fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process to test a multilane multi-Gb/s transmitter that cancels far-end crosstalk. Although the proposed PRBS generator was designed to produce three uncorrelated 12-Gb/s PRBS sequences, measurement results included in this paper have been obtained at only 5 Gb/s due to test setup limitations. The prototype employs a CMOS latch optimized to operate at frequencies close to the of the process and a current-mode logic (CML) MUX with modified active inductor loads for better high-speed large-signal behavior. In order to reduce the power consumption, a quarter-clock rate linear feedback shift register (LFSR) core in a power-efficient parallel architecture has been implemented to minimize the use of power-hungry, high-speed circuitry. Further power reduction has been achieved through the clever partitioning of the system into static logic and CML. In addition, the prototype design produces three uncorrelated 12-Gb/s data streams from a single quarter-rate LFSR core, thereby amortizing the power across multiple channels which lowers the power per channel by 3 times. The total measured power consumption at 5 Gb/s is 131 mW per lane and the calculated figure of merit per lane is 0.84 pJ/bit, which is significantly better than previously published designs.