cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender and Mobility: Tracking Fictional Characters on Real Monorails, Trains, Subways, and Trams

This chapter tracks (in an analytical sense) fictional characters whose narrative trajectories are inscribed by and on Tokyo’s real network of rail lines. The stories, novels, and films that are discussed literally and figuratively map the space in and around trains to reveal, shape, and construct understandings of gender. By so doing, they produce sharply articulated portraits and critiques of the rail-riding society they depict. The alluring promise of mobility, in the sense of being able to move freely and securely to one’s destination in both life and on the rails, frequently proves illusory or comes at a steep price especially for women. At the same time, there are glimmers of newly emerging interventions and choices—as well as the possibility of a counter-hegemonic discourse in which women resolutely assert their agency on a rail system built by and mostly for men.
Evaluation of the Possible Susceptibility of Titanium Grade 7 to Hydrogen Embrittlement in a Geologic Repository Environment

Ti grade 7 has been selected by the U.S. DOE as the current material of choice for the drip shield in the proposed high level waste (HLW) repository design. Due to the addition of Pd, Ti grade 7 exhibits enhanced resistance to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), yet there is relatively little data on HE of this material. Calculations of hydrogen absorption/recombination, solubility, and free energy of hydride formation in Ti and Pd are presented to qualitatively evaluate Keff, the stress intensity factor for crack propagation induced by hydride formation, of Ti grade 7 in relation to other Ti alloys without Pd. Calculations were performed that show concentration of hydrogen in Ti grade 7 may exceed the critical hydrogen concentration, Hc, where the material becomes embrittled, when accelerated passive dissolution of Ti grade 7 in concentrated Cl- and Cl-+F- solutions as the source of hydrogen is considered.
Feeding Behavior of the Winter-Form Pear Psylla, Psylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae), on Reproductive and Transitory Host Plants

A comparison was made of the probing behavior of reproductively diapausing winter-form pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster (Homoptera: Psyllidae), given access to leaves of Pyrus communis cv. Winter Nellis (pear, the sole reproductive host) and Prunus persica cv. Lovell (peach, a transitory host on which psylla do not reproduce). Winter-form pear psylla ingested predominantly from the phloem, xylem, and spongy parenchyma cells of pear and peach leaves. The elapsed time to first probe was significantly longer when insects were given access to peach than when given access to pear, yet the mean proportion of total probe time spent ingesting when various peach and pear leaf cell types were probed did not differ significantly, with the exception of spongy parenchyma cells. These results suggest that preprobe stimuli mediate discrimination between reproductive and transitory host plants by winter-form psylla. The possible sensory mechanisms underlying host acceptance and discrimination between leaf cell types by winter-form pear psylla, as well as the epidemiological implications of these data for pear decline, are discussed.
THE EVOLUTION OF MISCOMMUNICATION

A common theme running through models of dialogue is how they contrast their accounts with the “communication-as-transfer-model” (Clark, 1997). This model idealizes the perfect delivery involving a hearer recovering exactly the same representation intended by the speaker. Deviations from representational parity are explained by “noise” in the communication channel, e.g. disfluencies, restarts, pauses, errors or other signals of miscommunication. However, empirical investigation of dialogue has demonstrated that this “noise” consists of mechanisms that assist mutual intelligibility: interlocutors use filled pauses such as “umm” and “uhh” to signal the length of upcoming pauses in an utterance (Clark and Fox Tree 2002), and also to guide referent identification (Arnold, Kam and Tanenhaus, 2007). Moreover, interlocutors’ use of feedback mechanisms for resolving miscommunication, such as “What?”, “ok?” lead to the development of referring conventions that are more concise (Krauss and Weinheimer, 1967; Clark, 1996), more abstract (Schwartz, 1995; Healey 1997), more systematized (Galantucci, 2005; Mills and Healey, 2006), more stable and more arbitrary (Garrod, Fay et al., 2007). There is also evidence that clarification mechanisms play a role in language change (Healey, 1997). A central feature of these dialogue mechanisms is that they place sequential constraints on interlocutors’ contributions (Schegloff, 2007). However, although pre-existing sequential structures (e.g. adjacency pairs) have been studied in great detail, there has been a paucity of studies that directly investigate how sequential organization in dialogue is both established and sustained. To address this issue, we report a collaborative task which presents participants with the recurrent co-ordination problem of ordering their actions and utterances into a single coherent sequence: Pairs of participants communicate via a text-based chat-tool (Healey and Mills 2006). Each participant's computer also displays a task window containing a list of randomly generated words. Solving the task requires participants to combine their lists of words into a single
Abiological method for determining small quantities of sodium retaining substances.

Summary1. A practical micro-bioassay technic for desoxycorticosterone acetate activity is proposed, using albino, urethra-ligated, bilaterally adrenalectomized, male rats of 150-155 g weight. 2. A calibration curve is demonstrated using desoxycorticosterone acetate as the standard hormone and the percentage sodium retained as the measure of its activity. Two μg DC A injected subcutaneously in 2 stages produce a highly significant retention of administered sodium. 3. The proposed bioassay requires 30 lapsed hours and a minimum of special technical skills and apparatus, but a high degree of sensitivity and a satisfactory degree of precision are indicated. 4. No consistent correlation was found between urine volume changes and DCA dosage levels. A significant change in urine volume was observed with 4 μg DCA relative to the control group of animals, but not with the higher or lower doses of DCA studied.
A Method to Get Recognition Data for Multi-draw Sketch

It is a normal way for designers to draw and adjust the sketch many times to get a perfect sketch,but it is difficult for sketch recognize.In this paper,we introduced a new way to get the multi-draw recognize data.First,we recorded all the sketch data,then to get the target sketch by digital image edge detect algorithms,after that,we use the target sketch to analysis the total sketches which recorded first to get the take-part-in-sketches,at last,we analysis and calculated the take-part-in-sketches data to get the recognize data for the target sketch.
Purification and some properties of a non-haem iron protein from the bacteroids of soya-bean (Glycine max Merr) nodules.

A non-haem iron protein was isolated from an extract of soya-bean nodule bacteroids by a procedure including protamine sulphate and heat precipitation followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The purified protein contains non-haem iron and acid-labile sulphur and exhibits a spectrum with a rather broad absorption shoulder in the region 380–440nm and a more prominent peak at 280nm. From sedimentation-velocity measurements an apparent s20,w value of 1.3S was calculated. The protein functions as an electron carrier between the reducing system of illuminated chloroplast fragments and nitrogenase from nodule bacteroids, but it failed to function as a cofactor for the photochemical reduction of NADP in the presence of spinach chloroplasts. Also, it is inactive as a cofactor in the enzymic degradation of pyruvate to acetyl phosphate and CO2 in the presence of a ferredoxin-free extract of Clostridium pasteurianum. Repeated freezing, storage and thawing of the non-haem iron protein resulted in a marked loss of activity in the photochemical acetylene-reduction assay. A major portion of the activity that was lost was restored as a result of treatment with sodium sulphide, mercaptoethanol and ferrous ammonium sulphate.
Development of Combined Dry Heat and Chlorine Dioxide Gas Treatment with Mechanical Mixing for Inactivation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Montevideo on Mung Bean Seeds

Foodborne outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of fresh sprouted beans. The sprouting conditions of mung bean seeds provide optimal conditions of temperature and relative humidity for any potential pathogenic contaminant on the seeds to grow. The lack of a kill step postsprouting is a major safety concern. Thus, the use of a kill step on the seeds prior to a sprouting step would enhance the safety of fresh sprouts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined thermal and chlorine dioxide gas (3.5 mg/liter of air) treatment with mechanical mixing (tumbling) to eliminate Salmonella on artificially inoculated mung bean seeds. Although no viable Salmonella was recovered from seeds treated in hot water at 60°C for 2 h, these treated seeds failed to germinate. Dry heat treatments (55, 60, or 70°C) for up to 8 h reduced Salmonella populations in excess of 3 log CFU/g. The use of tumbling, while treating the seeds, resulted in up to 1.6 log CFU/g reduction in Salmone...
American Values and Multilateral Institutions

No theme occurs more persistently in the literature about American history than the proposition that Americans have always regarded their society as the repository of a peculiarly precious set of political and social values. This assertion has sometimes taken exaggerated forms that ought to arouse skeptical reaction. One may question, for instance, whether a full consensus on values has ever existed in the United States, and whether the same values have prevailed throughout American history. It is unlikely that most Americans who have thought about the matter have believed that the values they esteemed were originally and exclusively American, failing to acknowledge the place of those values in the Western liberal heritage. The oft-heard claim that the United States has inveterately sought to impose its values upon other countries also deserves a critical reception; those who blithely read Woodrow Wilson’s slogan about a ‘war to make the world safe for democracy’ as meaning a struggle to impose democracy, American style, upon the rest of the world have some explaining to do. In short, the habit of mind that inspires the casual depiction of American society as a unique bastion of nationalistic universalism is to be resisted. While Americans may be no less self-righteous and arrogantly crusading in spirit than most other peoples, it is not self-evident that they have abnormally large quotas of those unlovely qualities. Indeed, the observer of present-day America might feel the need to coin an antonym for self-righteousness (self-wickedness?), and might be tempted to think that many of its people are aware of no values that they deem worthy even of defense, much less of propagation abroad.
CCN2 induces cellular senescence in fibroblasts

The expression of Ccn2 (CTGF) has been linked to fibrosis in many tissues and pathologies, although its activities in fibroblastic cells and precise mechanism of action in fibrogenesis are still controversial. Here, we showed that CCN2 can induce cellular senescence in fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo, whereupon senescent cells express an anti-fibrotic “senescence-associated secretory phenotype” (SASP) that includes upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and downregulation of collagen. Mechanistically, CCN2 induces fibroblast senescence through integrin α6β1-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of p53 and induction of p16INK4a. In cutaneous wound healing, Ccn2 expression is highly elevated only during the initial inflammatory phase and quickly declines thereafter to a low level during the proliferation and maturation phases of healing when myofibroblasts play a major role. Consistent with this expression kinetics, knockdown of Ccn2 has little effect on the rate of wound closure, formation of senescent cells, or collagen content of the wounds. However, application of purified CCN2 protein on cutaneous wounds leads to induction of senescent cells, expression of SASP, and reduction of collagen content. These results show that CCN2 can induce cellular senescence in fibroblasts and is capable of exerting an anti-fibrotic effect in a context-dependent manner.
Particle filtering approach to state estimation in Boolean dynamical systems

Exact optimal state estimation for discrete-time Boolean dynamical systems may become impractical computationally if system dimensionality is large. In this paper, we consider a particle filtering approach to address this problem. The methodology is illustrated through application to state tracking in high-dimensional Boolean network models. The results show that the particle filter can be very accurate under a moderate number of particles. The impact of resampling on performance is also investigated.
47. Keats’ When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be

(1943). 47. Keats’ When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be. The Explicator: Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 47-47.
Surveillance of Benign Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are very common, and most are benign. Controversy exists regarding the optimal follow-up of benign thyroid nodules. Longitudinal studies show that a subset of cytologically benign thyroid nodules grow over time. Nodule growth is often perceived to be a sign of concern, although many benign nodules grow as well. Selection of growing nodules for rebiopsy is an area of interest. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules is associated with an error rate of approximately 5 %. Whether cytologically benign thyroid nodules should be rebiopsied to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis is controversial. Management of thyroid nodules larger than 3–4 cm in size is an area of ongoing debate. Some investigators find these nodules more likely to be malignant and more likely to yield false-negative results on FNA. This is why some investigators have recommended that large nodules should be uniformly removed surgically; however, this is still controversial. The use of molecular diagnostics to improve the accuracy of FNA is a growing area in thyroid cancer research. Molecular tests have been used primarily for evaluation of cytologically indeterminate nodules but may be of value for cytologically benign nodules in some cases.
Solid State Potentiometric Sensors

It is more that fifteen years ago since the first integrated solid state electrochemical sensors have been described.1,2 These were ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFET) which belong to the group of electrochemical sensors, specifically Potentiometric sensors. Since then other solid state electrochemical and non-electrochemical sensors have appeared and the ISFETs themselves have reached the state of maturity which now brings some of them close commercialization. This is quite remarkable if we realize that only a relatively few researchers have been working in this area, certainly as compared to the related ion-selective electrodes. The obstacles which had to be overcome have been both of the conceptual and practical nature originating from the fact that these devices are the product of integration of two seemingly diverse technologies: solid state device physics and electrochemistry. Soon after the initial explorations of the ISFETs transistors utilizing enzymatic selectivity3 and Potentiometric solid state sensors based on chemical modulation of electron work function4 have appeared. The purpose of this paper is to review the present state of developement of these devices both from theoretical and practical point of view.
The Burden of Enteropathy and "Subclinical" Infections.

As the cause of approximately 500,000 deaths in 20151 resulting from 1.7 billion episodes2 globally, early childhood diarrhea has been a major focus of global health efforts to improve child health in low-resource settings. However, as we have witnessed substantial reductions in diarrhea-related mortality and learned how to provide appropriate oral rehydration therapy, diarrhea has revealed itself to be only one, though particularly visible, consequence of exposure to enteropathogens in environments with poor sanitation and hygiene. A potentially more widespread and debilitating consequence for long-term development is environmental enteropathy (EE, also termed environmental enteric dysfunction, EED), a chronic condition of the small intestine that is commonly considered a “subclinical” problem and often involves enteric infections without overt symptoms.3 However, since it lacks definition as a “disease” and is challenging to diagnose, its magnitude and importance are only beginning to be appreciated. Growing evidence for the diverse effects of EE on child development have revealed the “subclinical” designation to be a misnomer. There is a largely under-recognized range of potential impacts of common enteric infections and enteropathy that extend far beyond the typical assumption that they mainly cause diarrhea or other intestinal complaints like abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. Recognized examples of non-intestinal outcomes associated with enteric infections include associations of toxoplasmosis with birth defects and congenital brain damage (“TORCH” syndrome)4 and of Campylobacter infections with Guillain-Barre Syndrome.5 However, as research studies include detection of wider arrays of bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens and longer term follow-up, potential effects of enteric infections and enteropathy on vaccine responses,6,7 child growth,8,9 cognitive development,10,11 and even later life obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are increasingly being recognized.12–15 Here, we review the evolving challenges to defining EE and enteric infections, current evidence for the magnitude and determinants of its burden, new assessment tools, and relevant interventions.
"Adaptation on Multiple Landscapes: Relatedness, Complexity, and Dynamic Coordination Costs"

We introduce and explore the concept of dynamic coordination costs, i.e. the reduction in a diversified firm’s ability to adapt within its businesses resulting from the coordination of activities a...
Solitary Aggregatibacter aphrophilus tectal abscess in an immunocompetent patient.

Background A solitary abscess involving the tectum, specifically by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, is an extremely rare condition with no known reported cases to date. Case Description Here, we present a case of isolated solitary midbrain tectum abscess in an immunocompetent 28-year-old male who was empirically diagnosed as a primary tectal tumor at an outside hospital where he also underwent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for obstructive hydrocephalus. Eight weeks later he was readmitted with a VPS infection. He was transferred to our institution where the VPS was removed and he was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture revealed A. aphrophilus. All other workup was negative for infectious etiologies. The tectal lesion completely resolved after 15 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone without surgical aspiration. Conclusion We suggest that an empiric diagnosis of tectal glioma should be made with caution for a ring-enhancing mass. CSF should be routinely cultured at the time of operative diversion if abscess is a possibility.
Burnt by the Sun: The Koreans of the Russian Far East

With this splendid and timely work, Jon K. Chang fills a significant gap in the existing research on the ethnic Korean population in the former Soviet Union. The current literature concentrates pri...
Transcriptome Signatures of Selection, Drift, Introgression, and Gene Duplication in the Evolution of an Extremophile Endemic Plant.

Plants on serpentine soils provide extreme examples of adaptation to environment, and thus offer excellent models for the study of evolution at the molecular and genomic level. Serpentine outcrops are derived from ultramafic rock and have extremely low levels of essential plant nutrients (e.g., N, P, K, and Ca), as well as toxic levels of heavy metals (e.g., Ni, Cr, and Co) and low moisture availability. These outcrops provide habitat to a number of endemic plant species, including the annual mustard Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae (Cab) (Brassicaceae). Its sister taxon, C. amplexicaulis var. amplexicaulis (Caa), is intolerant to serpentine soils. Here, we assembled and annotated comprehensive reference transcriptomes of both Caa and Cab for use in protein coding sequence comparisons. A set of 29,443 reciprocal best Blast hit (RBH) orthologs between Caa and Cab was compared with identify coding sequence variants, revealing a high genome-wide dN/dS ratio between the two taxa (mean = 0.346). We show that elevated dN/dS likely results from the composite effects of genetic drift, positive selection, and the relaxation of negative selection. Further, analysis of paralogs within each taxon revealed the signature of a period of elevated gene duplication (∼10 Ma) that is shared with other species of the tribe Thelypodieae, and may have played a role in the striking morphological and ecological diversity of this tribe. In addition, distribution of the synonymous substitution rate, dS, is strongly bimodal, indicating a history of reticulate evolution that may have contributed to serpentine adaptation.
Treatment with Src inhibitor dasatinib results in elevated metastatic potential in the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model

Introduction: The src inhibitor dasatinib has been widely studied as an antimetastatic agent. The aims of this study were to examine the effect of Src inhibition on the metastatic potential of the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. Context: Src is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase well known to contribute to the metastatic potential of tumor cells. It does so through alteration of signaling pathways important to metastasis. Elevated levels of Src are common in many cancer types and have been correlated with tumor progression and poor patient prognosis. Aims: This study examined whether disruption of the Src signaling pathway could inhibit metastasis formation. Settings and Design: The Src inhibitor dasatinib was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using the highly metastatic 4T1 murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. Methods: In vitro assays included growth curve, Western blot, migration, and invasion assays. In vivo assays included intradermal and tail vein injection models. Statistical Analysis Used: In vitro data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons in GraphPad Prism 6.0. In vivo data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6.0, using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Results: Dasatinib is effective at inhibiting in vitro phosphorylation of Src, migration and invasion in the 4T1 cell line, as well as angiogenesis in vivo. In vitro treatment with dasatinib impaired the metastatic ability of tumor cells as assessed by a tail vein injection model. However, both the syngeneic BALB/c and the athymic nu/nu mice receiving oral doses of the drug developed significantly higher numbers of 4T1 lung metastases. This effect was neither seen in a different breast carcinoma cell line, the MDA-MB-231-4175-LM2 nor in the murine fibrosarcoma KHT cell line. Conclusions: The 4T1 cell line is not an appropriate model to study Src inhibition.
L’Algérie, terre de tourisme: histoire d’un loisir colonial

Colette Zytnicki, an eminent historian of French and Algerian Jewish history, and emeritus professor at the Universite Toulouse-Jean Jaures, has turned in recent years to the study of tourism in Fr...
Subhuman, Superhuman, and Inhuman: Human Nature and the Enhanced Athlete

Some critics argue that the problem with performance enhancements in sports is that their use distorts the humanity of the athlete, in of three ways: (1) that performance enhancements demean athletes, by treating them as less than fully human; (2) that the use of enhancement interventions by athletes represent a wilful form of ‘playing God’, transcending the natural limits of human nature; or (3) that performance enhancements ‘dehumanize’ athletes by distorting natural talents with human artifice. These arguments all have standard rebuttals in the sports ethics literature, linked by the problem that, to be persuasive for policy purposes, they must assert boundaries for human nature without a substantive account of what those boundaries enclose. I argue that, while seductive, the content-less vision of human nature employed in these critiques leaves the critics in a dangerous trap: in their efforts to be fashionably agnostic about the content of human nature they are forced back into a hierarchical genetic essentialism for sports much like those that have so repeatedly proven oppressive in other spheres of human activity.
Economic Determinants of the Decision to Voluntarily Adopt Mark-to-Market Accounting for Pension Gains and Losses

Since 2010 a number of firms have voluntarily adopted mark-to-market (MTM) accounting for the actuarial gains and losses associated with their defined benefit pension plans. While pension accounting rules have allowed such a choice since 1986, only recently have firms begun to exercise that reporting choice. Adoption of MTM requires firms to immediately report actuarial gains and losses in their income statements, which is in marked contrast to their previous policy which smoothed such gains or losses into income over time. A novel aspect of the change is that adopting firms give up a reporting alternative with a built-in smoothing mechanism in exchange for one that is expected to increase earnings volatility due to the unpredictable effect of uncontrollable market factors on their future MTM adjustments. We find that adoption of MTM pension accounting is driven by a combination of macroeconomic factors (a low interest rate environment), managerial opportunism related to bonus compensation, and firms’ use of non-GAAP earnings disclosures.
Decorrelating actions of Renshaw interneurons on the firing of spinal motoneurons within a motor nucleus: a simulation study

Maltenfort, Mitchell G., C. J. Heckman, and W. Zev Rymer. Decorrelating actions of Renshaw interneurons on the firing of spinal motoneurons within a motor nucleus: a simulation study. J. Neurophysi...
The Effects of Network Relationships on Global Supply Chain Vulnerability

In this chapter, we analyze the effects of levels of social relationship on the global supply chain networks vulnerability. Relationship levels in our framework are assumed to influence transaction costs as well as risk for the decision-makers. We propose a network performance measure for the evaluation of the global supply chain networks efficiency and vulnerability. The measure captures risk, transaction cost, price, transaction flow, revenue, and demand information in the context of the decision-makers behavior the network. The network consists of manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. Manufacturers and retailers are multicriteria decisionmakers who decide about their production and transaction quantities as well as the level of social relationship they want to pursue in order to maximize net return and minimize risk. The model allows us to investigate the interplay of the heterogeneous decision-makers in the supply chain and to compute the resultant equilibrium pattern of product outputs, transactions, product prices, and levels of social relationship. The results show that high levels of relationship can lead to lower overall cost and therefore lower price and higher product transaction. Moreover, we use the performance measure to assess which nodes in the supply networks are themost vulnerable in the sense that their removal will impact the performance of the network in the most significant way.
A documentation strategy case study: western New York

Documentation strategy has emerged as one of the major new archival concepts of the 1980s. The emergence of interest in it is a healthy sign for the archival profession's quest to identify, select, and preserve records of enduring value. Yet, the documentation strategy is still a largely untested concept. This essay describes the strategy's application in documenting geographical localities, in this case western New York, and, as a result, poses a number of additional questions about the documentation strategy that still need answering.
Structural Features of the Kinase Domain

A fundamental role of receptor tyrosine kinases is to couple extracellular signals to tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular components. This reaction is carried out by an intracellular kinase domain, which becomes activated upon ligand binding to the receptor’s extracellular domain. The main substrates of the activated kinase are the phosphorylation sites located within the receptor. Those sites play two important roles—they regulate catalytic activity of the kinase and/or serve as docking sites that connect the receptors with high specificity to downstream effectors. The precise regulation of these phosphorylation events is therefore critical for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and most frequently targeted by mutations in human diseases.
Characteristics of Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Supported Patients Who Experience Indication Changes during Time on Support

Purpose Due to changing comorbidities, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) supported patients may remain destination therapy (DT-DT), transition to bridge to transplant (DT-BTT), or be removed from the waitlist for transplant (BTT-DT). We sought to determine pre- and post- implant characteristics associated with patients who undergo an indication change. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients who had a designation of DT at any time while on support from 2005-2018 was performed. Demographic and clinical covariates at implant were analyzed and compared between patients who were always DT, transitioned from BTT to DT, and transitioned from DT to BTT. Descriptive statistics and parametric (t-test) analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v 24.0. Results Of the 74 patients in the analysis, 47.3% remained DT (DT-DT), 39.2% transitioned to BTT from DT (DT-BTT) and 13.5% transitioned from BTT to DT (BTT-DT). Age was the only variable that significantly differed among the indication groups. 76% of patients who transitioned from DT to BTT were transplanted during study follow-up while 70% of patients who transitioned from BTT to DT died. (Table 1) Conclusion LVAD supported patients who transition to BTT status after being implanted as DT are younger than those who remain DT but have otherwise similar characteristics. Transition from BTT to DT is associated with a high risk of death in follow-up.
Using Projection X-Ray Microscopy to Observe the Solidification Phenomena in Metals

This article outlines how projection x-ray microscopy can be used to view the structures that develop within solidifying metals during the freezing process (in real-time and in situ). A description of x-ray microscopy methods will be given. The specialized furnace design and techniques required to permit observation of solidification phenomena will also be described. Finally, a sampling of radiomicrographs taken during alloy solidification will be presented. By understanding how the microstructures in alloys form, we can improve the properties of materials (e.g. strength and corrosion resistance) or to design better materials.
Random Sequential Adsorption-Based Pilot Assignment for Distributed Massive MIMO Systems

Inspired by the random sequential adsorption (RSA) process, we propose a new pilot assignment scheme for a distributed massive multiple-input-multiple- output (MIMO) system with desirable structural properties. In particular, this scheme ensures a minimum distance among co-pilot users to limit the effect of pilot contamination. Leveraging the rich literature of the RSA process, we analyze the statistics of the resulting co- pilot user point process when the system has only one pilot. Later, we extend the approach to obtain co-pilot user density for the scenario with multiple pilots. One of our key results is an accurate characterization of the probability of pilot assignment to a typical user in the network. Further, in order to provide a holistic overview of the performance of the proposed scheme, we compare the average user spectral efficiency (SE) of the proposed scheme with a baseline random pilot assignment scheme with no minimum distance guarantees. Our results demonstrate that the optimal distance threshold that maximizes the user SE for the proposed scheme decreases as the user density increases.
Habituation as a neural algorithm for online odor discrimination

Habituation is a form of simple memory that suppresses neural activity in response to repeated, neutral stimuli. This process is critical in helping organisms guide attention toward the most salient and novel features in the environment. Here, we follow known circuit mechanisms in the fruit fly olfactory system to derive a simple algorithm for habituation. We show, both empirically and analytically, that this algorithm is able to filter out redundant information, enhance discrimination between odors that share a similar background, and improve detection of novel components in odor mixtures. Overall, we propose an algorithmic perspective on the biological mechanism of habituation and use this perspective to understand how sensory physiology can affect odor perception. Our framework may also help toward understanding the effects of habituation in other more sophisticated neural systems.
Moral Features of the Therapeutic Relationship with Adults: Dignity, Trust, Autonomy, Vulnerability, and Resilience.

Using dignity as a foundational value of morality, this article defines trust, autonomy, vulnerability, and resilience in relational terms. A fictional narrative illustrates these attributes as well as solidarity and care, two core tenets of relational ethics. Medicine and rehabilitation are described as moral enterprises with respect for persons at the core of our professional obligations to patients—namely, duties of care, trustworthiness, and loyalty. Clinically, promoting autonomy, decreasing vulnerability, and fostering resilience are encouraged, with particular emphasis on avoiding words or actions (or inactions) that could cause patients to feel discouraged or depersonalized. In conclusion, the purpose of our work with persons with aphasia and other communication disorders is to help them live their lives as fully as possible, despite their life-changing losses. Viewing our therapeutic relationships with them in relational moral terms can enhance our work.
Fetal aortic annular growth in the “borderline” left heart varies by cardiac phenotype

Purpose: Two “borderline” left heart phenotypes are evident in the fetus: 1) severe aortic stenosis (AS), which is associated with a globular left ventricle (LV), systolic LV dysfunction, and LV growth arrest, and 2) left heart hypoplasia (LHH) which is associated with a “long, skinny” LV, laminar flow across hypoplastic mitral and aortic valves, and arch hypoplasia. Both phenotypes may be counseled for possible single ventricle palliation. We aimed to compare the rates of aortic valve annulus size and Z-score change over gestation by phenotype. We hypothesized that the …
Simulation Analysis of PT Resonance for Distribution Network Practical Test Platform

PT Resonance is an important factor that affects the operation of distribution network. The practical test platform of distribution network can accurately reproduce this process. According to the different transient characteristics of resonance, PT Resonance can be divided into fundamental resonance, frequency division resonance and high frequency resonance. In this paper, the excitation conditions of PT Resonance over-voltage in distribution network such as single-phase ground fault elimination and asynchronous closing are analyzed, the simulation model of PT Resonance based on MATLAB / Simulink is constructed, the relation-ship between PT Resonance and distance of π-shaped equivalent circuit line in the real test platform is deduced, and the combination method of π-shaped equivalent circuit line in the practical test platform of distribution network under different resonance types is proposed. Through the simulation test, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed PT Resonance simulation model and the combination method of π-shaped equivalent circuit line simulator are verified.
Green Roofs in Intermontane Semi-Arid Grassland Ecoregions

This chapter covers ecoregional case studies located within the Intermontane Plateaus. Ecoregions include semi-arid grasslands located in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, the Columbia Plateau, the Salt Lake Valley, and Basin and Range geographic regions. This is a large geographic area (multi-state) and is ecologically complex as topographic elevation, slope, and aspect, and climatic extremes influence the development of a variety of ecoregions. Precipitation is generally limited to less than 280–500 mm annually in the lower elevations of valleys, and much of the precipitation takes place outside of the growing season. Thus, in designated natural areas, grasses and wildflowers compete with shrubs for dominance. Less than 1% of the native grass and meadow habitats remain intact. Three conservation site case studies explore a range of native plants for the biologically rich ecoregions, and ten green roof case studies demonstrate how 113 taxa of native plants were trialed on ecoregional green roofs.
Using Simple Dynamic Analytic Framework To Characterize And Forecast Epidemics

Mathematical modeling provides a powerful analytic framework to investigate the transmission and control of infectious diseases. However, the reliability of the results stemming from modeling studies heavily depend on the validity of assumptions underlying the models as well as the quality of data that is employed to calibrate them. When substantial uncertainty about the epidemiology of newly emerging diseases (e.g. the generation interval, asymptomatic transmission) hampers the application of mechanistic models that incorporate modes of transmission and parameters characterizing the natural history of the disease, phenomenological growth models provide a starting point to make inferences about key transmission parameters, such as the reproduction number, and forecast the trajectory of the epidemic in order to inform public health policies. We describe in detail the methodology and application of three phenomenological growth models, the generalized-growth model, generalized logistic growth model and the Richards model in context of the COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan.
Do alcohol-related consequences and how they are evaluated predict consumption during and days until the next drinking event?

Objective: Alcohol-related consequences are most often examined as outcomes of alcohol use. However, it is also possible that experiencing consequences may predict future drinking behavior. The predictive power of consequences on future drinking behavior may involve both objective experiences of consequences and subjective evaluations of those consequences (i.e., how positive, how negative). The purpose of the present study was to understand how positive and negative alcohol-related consequences-and evaluations of those consequences-predict elements of the next drinking event among college students. Method: 96 participants reported alcohol use and related consequences over a 28-day daily assessment period. Results: Survival analysis and multilevel modeling were used to examine the influence of positive and negative consequences from a given drinking event on latency to and number of drinks consumed at the next drinking event. Contrary to hypotheses, subsequent drinking was not impacted by recent consequences nor how they were perceived. Conclusions: Though theoretically, experiencing alcohol consequences may impact proximal drinking behavior, findings suggest that, in the current sample, other factors have greater importance in the latency between drinking events and amount of alcohol consumed. Future work should continue to identify event-level predictors that impact behavior at the next drinking event, and ways drinkers attempt to avoid repetition of drinking consequences other than simply drinking less (e.g., protective behavioral strategies), as such factors would be valuable targets for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
A History of African Motherhood: The Case of Uganda, 700-1900

This history of African motherhood over the longue duree demonstrates that it was, ideologically and practically, central to social, economic, cultural and political life. The book explores how people in the North Nyanzan societies of Uganda used an ideology of motherhood to shape their communities. More than biology, motherhood created essential social and political connections that cut across patrilineal and cultural-linguistic divides. The importance of motherhood as an ideology and a social institution meant that in chiefdoms and kingdoms queen mothers were powerful officials who legitimated the power of kings. This was the case in Buganda, the many kingdoms of Busoga, and the polities of Bugwere. By taking a long-term perspective from c.700 to 1900 CE and using an interdisciplinary approach - drawing on historical linguistics, comparative ethnography, and oral traditions and literature, as well as archival sources - this book shows the durability, mutability and complexity of ideologies of motherhood in this region.
Rational Approach to Understanding and Preventing Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries.

This perspective highlights the complex issues that remain in understanding sports concussions. Clearly, elements of systematic terminology, data tracking, protective equipment, propagation of physical forces, individual risk factors, and biomarkers are all key in developing a rational approach to understanding and ultimately treating sports TBI. Language: en
Surgical assessment of the insula. Part 2: validation of the Berger-Sanai zone classification system for predicting extent of glioma resection.

OBJECT Though challenging, maximal safe resection of insular gliomas enhances overall and progression-free survival and deters malignant transformation. Previously published reports have shown that surgery can be performed with low morbidity. The authors previously described a Berger-Sanai zone classification system for insular gliomas. Using a subsequent dataset, they undertook this study to validate this zone classification system for predictability of extent of resection (EOR) in patients with insular gliomas. METHODS The study population included adults who had undergone resection of WHO Grade II, III, or IV insular gliomas. In accordance with our prior published report, tumor location was classified according to the Berger-Sanai quadrant-style classification system into Zones I through IV. Interobserver variability was analyzed using a cohort of newly diagnosed insular gliomas and independent classification scores given by 3 neurosurgeons at various career stages. Glioma volumes were analyzed using F...
Gender (Women) Roles Institutional Frameworks and Community Development: How Ghana Compares to Southeast Asian Countries

The creation of socio-cultural and political institutions in society helps to understand and appreciate the contribution of women. Several researchers have pointed to the above position as an essential ingredient in communities’ struggle to empower and engage women especially and other minority groups in development decision-making processes. Using examples of institutional reform efforts and how that has impacted gender roles and women’s participation in public decision-making process in the form of a case study from Southeast Asia, this paper sets the stage to evaluate where Ghana stands in her quest to reform institutions to recognize the contributions of women at all levels of development decision-making. Much as evidence exist of some remarkable progress in Ghana on reform of institutions that affect gender and development, certain social and cultural practices still militate against the realization of the ultimate goals of economic development. Socio-cultural and economic factors, and to an extent political gamesmanship have been identified as working against all the efforts to ensure that Ghanaian societies are gender equal through poverty eradication, capacity building, empowerment and participation of women in development decision-making processes.
Strategic Bargaining Over Child Support and Visitation

When parents divorce, child support and visitation must be determined. The 1988 Family Support Act requires all states to have child support guidelines for courts to use in determining child support obligations. However, many divorcing couples arrive at agreements without court intervention, or they simply fail to enforce the court decision ex post. Given that the guidelines provide a starting point for negotiations, couples may be able to find self-negotiated, Pareto-improving solutions. In this paper we model the bargaining process that divorcing couples engage in when coming to agreements on visitation and child support. The model suggests that individuals may arrive at agreements that are Pareto improvements for both parents but that the children's welfare may decline as a result of these self-negotiated settlements. Data from the Stanford Child Custody Study show that the changes made in child support and visitation agreements are consistent with our model in only 30 percent of the cases. Therefore, we consider alternative specifications of the model and show that both significant costs of enforcing the original agreement and alternative assumptions on parental preferences can explain these empirical results.
Lattice constants of β − P d H x and β − P d D x with x near 1.0

Lattice constants of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase of $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{D}}_{x}$ for the concentration range $0.8lxl0.98$ have been measured at 77 K using a powder x-ray diffraction technique. The lattice constant ${a}_{0}$ of $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ is slightly larger (\ensuremath{\sim} 0.1%) than that of $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{D}}_{x}$ and $\frac{d\mathrm{ln}{a}_{0}}{\mathrm{dx}}=0.044$ for both $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{D}}_{x}$; extrapolated ${a}_{0}$ values for $x=1.0$ are 4.090 and 4.084 A for PdH and PdD, respectively. This study shows that the inverse isotope effect in the superconducting transition temperature is not simply a result of the relative volume of $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{Pd}{\mathrm{D}}_{x}$.
SECTORAL CHANGE AND UNEMPLOYMENT DURING THE GREAT RECESSION, IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE†

I examine the effect of sectoral change on U.S. state unemployment during the Great Recession. Of the 4.1 percentage point increase in mean state unemployment between 2007 and 2009, increased structural change explains 0.6–1.18 percentage points, and increased estimated effects of structural change 0.8–2.7 percentage points. Despite the role of housing in the recession, neither construction nor any other one sector can account for the results. Although the pace and role of structural change had returned to normal levels after the Great Recession, their effects persisted, raising mean state unemployment by 0.9–2.3 percentage points in 2011.