cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for telomerase gene control in aging cells and tumorigenesis.

Although telomerase, which maintains the ends of chromosomes, is down-regulated as cells differentiate leading to attrition of chromosomal termini and ultimate replicative senescence, it is up-regulated in most cancer cells which show no net loss of average telomere length. The mRNA level of the catalytic component of telomerase, hTERT, is the major determinant of telomerase activity but little is known about control of hTERT transcription. We propose mechanisms whereby cytosine methylation may alter the binding of activators such as c-Myc or repressors such as WT1 which interact with the hTERT gene regulatory region to modulate telomerase activity in aging cells and tumorigenesis. Mechanisms are also proposed for control of hTERT expression through changes in the collective binding of its transcription factors in aging and tumorigenic cells. Elucidation of telomerase regulation should facilitate advances in understanding age-related diseases such as cancer and in potential therapeutic modalities.
Tomato expression database (TED) - an interactive management tool for tomato expression profiling data

Expression data for approximately 12000 ESTs over a time course of tomato fruit development was generated. In order to provide the research community access to our normalized microarray data as a tool to assess relative expression of genes of interest, we developed a publicly accessible online database - tomato expression database TED: http://ted.bti.comell.edu). Through this database, we provide multiple approaches to pursue analysis of specific genes of interest and/or access the larger microarray data set to identify sets of genes that may behave in a pattern of interest to the user. A set of useful data mining and data visualization tools were developed and are under continuing expansion according to user's requirements. Developed initially as a data mining and analysis resource, TED also contains comprehensive annotation of each EST including homology derived from sequence similarity searches of GenBank and GO terms assigned manually according to putative functions.
Optical resonators with phase-conjugate mirrors

The operating characteristics of optical resonators with phase-conjugate mirrors are discussed. Degenerate four-wave mixing is assumed to be the process giving rise to the phase-conjugated phase fronts. We have found that these resonators are unconditionally stable, have no longitudinal mode conditions that invoke the length of the cavity, and have smooth transverse mode structures. Computer simulation results pertaining to the properties of the lowest-order modes and the effect of mirror errors on these modes are also discussed.
Analysis of dispersion structure of fermentation media by dynamic gas disengagement method.

In this communication, a digital dynamic gas disengagement sensor which is capable of measuring the transient dispersion height continuously in real time, is used to evaluate the dispersion structures of some synthetic media to demonstrate the usefulness of the technique
Rapid optimization of SPECT scatter correction using model LROC observers

The problem we address is the optimization and comparison of window-based scatter correction (SC) methods in SPECT for maximum a posteriori reconstructions. While sophisticated reconstruction-based SC methods are available, the commonly used window-based SC methods are fast, easy to use, and perform reasonably well. Rather than subtracting a scatter estimate from the measured sinogram and then reconstructing, we use an ensemble approach and model the mean scatter sinogram in the likelihood function. This mean scatter sinogram estimate, computed from satellite window data, is itself inexact (noisy). Therefore two sources of noise, that due to Poisson noise of unscattered photons and that due to the model error in the scatter estimate, are propagated into the reconstruction. The optimization and comparison is driven by a figure of merit, the area under the LROC curve (ALROC) that gauges performance in a signal detection plus localization task. We use model observers to perform the task. This usually entails laborious generation of many sample reconstructions, but in this work, we instead develop a theoretical approach that allows one to rapidly compute ALROC given known information about the imaging system and the scatter correction scheme. A critical step in the theory approach is to predict additional (above that due to to the propagated Poisson noise of the primary photons) contributions to the reconstructed image covariance due to scatter (model error) noise. Simulations show that our theory method yields, for a range of search tolerances, LROC curves and ALROC values in close agreement to that obtained using model observer responses obtained from sample reconstruction methods. This opens the door to rapid comparison of different window-based SC methods and to optimizing the parameters (including window placement and size, scatter sinogram smoothing kernel) of the SC method.
Polymeric catalysts. IX. Cobalt complexes of polyureas based on bipyridine pyridine and crown ether for aldol condensation

We report herein studies of Co(OAc)2 and related transition metal compounds which serve as catalysts for aldol condensations when complexed with bipyridine, triphenyl phosphine, and crown ether. A comparison has been made with polymeric complexes of cobalt(II), which serve the same purpose. Cobalt complexes of built-in polyureas based on bipyridine and crown ether as well as those immobilized to polystyrene by triphenylphosphine and poly(4-vinyl pyridine) are also reported.
Annealing of plasma charging damage and residual degradation in MOS transistors

This paper presents data on an important mode of plasma-induced damage, namely residual charging damage in MOS devices. The antenna dependence of residual degradation is observed in the device threshold voltage, transconductance, and sub-threshold behaviour. The residual damage is observed due to incomplete annealing of oxide charge and interface states, and its level depends on the intensity of plasma charging stress and on the gate oxide thickness. Auxiliary experiments with electrical stressing of NMOS devices and their subsequent anneal confirm the dependence of residual damage on the degree and polarity of previous degradation and indicate the importance of the annealing conditions.
1H‐Pyrazole‐N,N′‐di‐(tert‐butyloxycarbonyl)‐1‐carboxamidine

[152120-54-2] C14H22N4O4 (MW 310.35) InChI = 1S/C14H22N4O4/c1-13(2,3)21-11(19)16-10(18-9-7-8-15-18)17-12(20)22-14(4,5)6/h7-9H,1-6H3,(H,16,17,19,20) InChIKey = QFNFDHNZVTWZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N (an electrophilic reagent for transformation of both solution phase and solid phase amines to protected guanidines) Alternate Name: 1H-Pyrazole-N,N′-di-Boc-1-carboxamidine, di-Boc-guanylpyrazole, 1H-pyrazole-1-N, N′-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)carboxamidine. Physical Data: mp 86–87 °C. Solubility: soluble in THF, DMF, tert-butyl methyl ether, dichloromethane, hexanes, and alcohol; slightly soluble in acetone; insoluble in H2O. Form Supplied in: white to off-white powder from several commercial suppliers. Analysis of Reagent Purity: mp, TLC, or HPLC. Preparative Methods: the reagent is prepared by the initial reaction of 1 equiv of di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate with 1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine hydrochloride in the presence of diisopropylethylamine giving the mono-Boc-derivative. The second Boc group is then introduced by treatment with di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate following deprotonation with sodium hydride. Lithium hydride may also be used as a base in the second stage. Purification: crude product may be purified via silica gel chromatography or crystallization from MeOH/H2O to give a cream-to-white crystalline solid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store at or below −4 °C. Allow bottle to warm to room temperature prior to use. Open container with caution in a fumehood in case pressure has developed. Avoid exposure to acids in closed containers. The toxicological activity is unknown, although pyrazole is considered a possible teratogen. avoid combining with acidic waste streams; disposal of this material should be in accordance with local regulations.
Effects of sublethal metal ion concentrations on osteogenic cells derived from bone marrow stromal cells.

Ions released from implant surfaces are suspected of playing some role in osteolysis surrounding metal prostheses. To understand how ions may affect osteogenesis, previous work exposed osteogenic cells to metal ions to study acute cytotoxic responses. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term effects of sublethal ion concentrations on osteogenic cell proliferation and function. Bone marrow stromal cells were harvested from juvenile rats and exposed to solutions of ions associated with Co-Cr-Mo and Ti-6Al-4V implants. Cells were cultured for up to 4 weeks and assayed for total protein, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and calcium. Other than V+5, none of the ions affected cell proliferation, indicating that the chosen concentrations were sublethal as desired. V+5 elicited delayed gross toxicity not previously observed during acute experiments. At the chosen concentrations, Co+2, Cr+6, Mo+6, and Co-Cr-Mo alloy elicited little effect on cell proliferation and moderate effects on matrix mineralization. Cultures exposed to Ti+4, Al+3, and Ti-6Al-4V alloy also showed no decrease in cell number, but did show near total suppression of osteocalcin secretion and matrix mineralization. These results suggest that ions released from Ti alloy implants may interfere with osteoblastic cell differentiation, contributing to periprosthetic osteolysis by impairing normal osteogenesis. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Commentary---Contagion in Prescribing Behavior Among Networks of Doctors

A foundational study regarding the diffusion of innovation involved the adoption of tetracycline by doctors in four Midwestern communities in the 1950s (Coleman et al. 1966), and it is not a coincidence that social scientists keep returning to this particular application of social network analysis (including to reanalyze this original study by Coleman and colleagues; see Van den Bulte and Lilien 2001). Studying the use of drugs by doctors involves the perfect mix of a discernable social network (among the doctors), a distinct innovation (a drug), an important area (patient care), difficult statistics (related to causal inference), and financial stakes (by pharmaceutical companies, insurers, and others).
Intransitive non-interference for cryptographic purposes

Information flow and non-interference have recently become very popular concepts for expressing both integrity and privacy properties. Because of the enormous potential of transmitting information using probabilistic methods of cryptography, interest arose in capturing probabilistic non-interference. We investigate the notion of intransitive probabilistic non-interference in reactive systems, i.e., downgrading of probabilistic information and detection of probabilistic information flow by one or more involved third parties. Based on concrete examples, we derive several definitions that comprise cryptography-related details like error probabilities and computational restrictions. This makes the definitions applicable to systems involving real cryptography. Detection of probabilistic information flow is significantly more complicated to define if several third parties are involved because of the possibilities of secret sharing. We solve this problem by graph-theoretic techniques.
A new approach for the stochastic cash balance problem with fixed costs

The stochastic cash balance problem is a periodic review inventory problem faced by a firm in which the customer demands might be positive or negative. At the beginning of each time period, the firm may decide to replenish the inventory or return excess stock. Both the ordering cost and the return cost include a fixed component and a variable component. A holding or penalty cost is charged depending on whether the inventory level is positive or negative. The objective of the firm is to find an ordering and return policy so as to minimize the total expected cost over the entire planning horizon. We show how the concept of symmetric K-convexity introduced by Chen and Simchi-Levi [2,3] and the concept of (K, Q)-convexity introduced by Ye and Duenyas [13] can be used to characterize the optimal policy for this problem.
A risk-adjusted O-E CUSUM with monitoring bands for monitoring medical outcomes

In order to monitor a medical center's survival outcomes using simple plots, we introduce a risk-adjusted Observed-Expected (O-E) Cumulative SUM (CUSUM) along with monitoring bands as decision criterion.The proposed monitoring bands can be used in place of a more traditional but complicated V-shaped mask or the simultaneous use of two one-sided CUSUMs. The resulting plot is designed to simultaneously monitor for failure time outcomes that are "worse than expected" or "better than expected." The slopes of the O-E CUSUM provide direct estimates of the relative risk (as compared to a standard or expected failure rate) for the data being monitored. Appropriate rejection regions are obtained by controlling the false alarm rate (type I error) over a period of given length. Simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. A case study is carried out for 58 liver transplant centers. The use of CUSUM methods for quality improvement is stressed.
Antibody persistence and T-cell balance: Two key factors confronting HIV vaccine development

The quest for a prophylactic AIDS vaccine is ongoing, but it is now clear that the successful vaccine must elicit protective antibody responses. Accordingly, intense efforts are underway to identify immunogens that elicit these responses. Regardless of the mechanism of antibody-mediated protection, be it neutralization, Fc-mediated effector function, or both, antibody persistence and appropriate T-cell help are significant problems confronting the development of a successful AIDS vaccine. Here, we discuss the evidence illustrating the poor persistence of antibody responses to Env, the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, and the related problem of CD4+ T-cell responses that compromise vaccine efficacy by creating excess cellular targets of HIV-1 infection. Finally, we propose solutions to both problems that are applicable to all Env-based AIDS vaccines regardless of the mechanism of antibody-mediated protection.
Reducing code size for heterogeneous-connectivity-based VLIW DSPs through synthesis of instruction set extensions

VLIW DSP architectures exhibit heterogeneous connections between functional units and register files for speeding up special tasks. Such architectural characteristics can be effectively exploited through the use of complex instruction set extensions (ISEs). Although VLIWs are increasingly being used for DSP applications to achieve very high performance, such architectures are known to suffer from increased code size. This paper addresses how to generate ISEs that can result in significant code size reduction in VLIW DSPs without degrading performance. Unfortunately, contemporary techniques for instruction set synthesis fail to extract legal ISEs for heterogeneous-connectivity-based architectures. We propose a Heuristic-based algorithm to synthesize ISEs for a generalized heterogeneous-connectivity-based VLIW DSP architecture. We achieve an average code size reduction of 25% on the MiBench suite with no penalty in performance by applying our ISE generation algorithm on the TI TMS320C6xx, a representative VLIW DSP.
Failure analysis of GaN-based current-injected vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers

This paper investigates internal physical mechanisms that have thus far prevented current-injected InGaN/GaN verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) from lasing. Advanced device simulation is applied to a realistic VCSEL design. Several obstacles to lasing are identified, including current leakage, lateral carrier non-uniformity, and selfheating during pulsed operation.
Robot-enhanced motor learning: accelerating internal model formation during locomotion by transient dynamic amplification

When adapting to novel dynamic environments the nervous system learns to anticipate the imposed forces by forming an internal model of the environmental dynamics in a process driven by movement error reduction. Here, we tested the hypothesis that motor learning could be accelerated by transiently amplifying the environmental dynamics. A novel dynamic environment was created during treadmill stepping by applying a perpendicular viscous force field to the leg through a robotic device. The environmental dynamics were amplified by an amount determined by a computational learning model fit on a per-subject basis. On average, subjects significantly reduced the time required to predict the applied force field by approximately 26% when the field was transiently amplified. However, this reduction was not as great as that predicted by the model, likely due to nonstationarities in the learning parameters. We conclude that motor learning of a novel dynamic environment can be accelerated by exploiting the error-based learning mechanism of internal model formation, but that nonlinearities in adaptive response may limit the feasible acceleration. These results support an approach to movement training devices that amplify rather than reduce movement errors, and provide a computational framework for both implementing the approach and understanding its limitations.
Three-dimensional (3D) culture of bone-derived human 786-O renal cell carcinoma retains relevant clinical characteristics of bone metastases

Bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are typically lytic, destructive, and resistant to treatment regimens. Current in vitro models for studying metastasis introduce artifacts that limit their usefulness. Many features of tumors growing in bone are lost when human RCC cells are cultured in two-dimensional (2D) plastic substrata. In this study, we established that RCC spheroids, consisting of aggregates of cells, can be grown in a three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronate hydrogel-based culture system. The bone-derived human 786-O RCC subline proliferated and survived long term in these hydrogels. Additionally, RCC spheroids in 3D hydrogels demonstrated lower proliferation rates than their counterparts grown in 2D. Overall, gene expression patterns of RCC spheroids in 3D more closely mimicked those observed in vivo than did those of cells grown in 2D. Of particular importance, selected adhesion molecules, angiogenesis factors, and osteolytic factors that have been shown to be involved in RCC bone metastasis were found to be expressed at higher levels in 3D than in 2D cultures. We propose that the 3D culture system provides an improved platform for RCC bone metastasis studies compared with 2D systems.
Apportionment of bioavailable phosphorus loads entering Cayuga Lake, New York

The integration of the phosphorus (P) bioavailability concept into a P loading analysis for Cayuga Lake, New York, is documented. Components of the analyses included the: (1) monitoring of particulate P (PP), soluble unreactive P (SUP), and soluble reactive P (SRP), supported by biweekly and runoff event-based sampling of the lake's four largest tributaries; (2) development of relationships between tributary P concentrations and flow; (3) algal bioavailability assays of PP, SUP, and SRP from primary tributaries and the three largest point sources; and (4) development of P loading estimates to apportion contributions according to individual nonpoint and point sources, and to represent the effects of interannual variations in tributary flows on P loads. Tributary SRP, SUP, and PP are demonstrated to be completely, mostly, and less bioavailable, respectively. The highest mean bioavailability for PP was observed for the stream with the highest agriculture land use. Point source contributions to the total bioavailable P load (BAPL) are minor (5%), reflecting the benefit of reductions from recent treatment upgrades. The BAPL represented only about 26% of the total P load, because of the large contribution of the low bioavailable PP component. Most of BAPL (>70%) is received during high flow intervals. Large interannual variations in tributary flow and coupled BAPL will tend to mask future responses to changes in individual inputs.
Frequency Specificity of the Auditory Brainstem Response Elicited by 1000-Hz Filtered Clicks

In normal-hearing subjects and in subjects with a flat cochlear hearing loss, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded at various levels of a 1000-Hz filtered click stimulus with and without high-pass filtered masking noise. The difference in latency of the major peak in the ABR for the masked and unmasked condition was zero at the ABR threshold. We regard this as proof of the frequency specificity of the 1000-Hz filtered click-stimulated ABR threshold. The difference between ABR threshold and the subjective pure-tone threshold at 1000 Hz amounted to 19 dB in normal-hearing subjects and to 10 dB in subjects with a flat cochlear hearing loss. This is probably related to loss of temporal integration and an abnormal loudness growth (recruitment).
Telling tales in school: a queer response to the heterosexist narrative structure of higher education

If we look at general education programs, we find that implicit in them is a narrative structure. Drawing on the work of Judith Roof, I argue that this structure can promote a heterosexist logic which has among its implications the marginalization of gay and lesbian studies. I further argue, however, that this need not be the case. By appealing to Paul Ricoeur's account of narrative and to Immanuel Levinas's description of one's obligation to respond to the face of the Other, I articulate a mode of engaging the narratives at play in general education programs that mitigates their potential for marginalization. More pointedly, I argue that truly vital and ethically sound programs must work against marginalization, which means, among other things, that they must promote the cultivation of gay and lesbian and queer studies.
Paradoxical brightening of a masked black disc

The paradoxical brightening of a black disc, retroactively masked by a black ring, is documented by data showing disc detection to be an interactive function of inter stimulus interval (ISI) and instructions. The brightening effect, which occurs at an ISI of 25 msec, may be implicated in the frequently reported U-shaped masking function.
Studies on the Genus Phycomyces

The genus Phycomyces has been reviewed and revised taxonomically. It has been found to comprise the three species, P. nitens Kunze, P. blakesleeanus Burgeff, and P. microsporus Van Tieghem. P. spin...
Modern Avatars of India

The time has long since passed when scholars of Indian religion should have begun to consider seriously the nature of Indian sainthood and more particularly the so-called ‘living saints.’ As it is, the knowledgeable reader has very little choice of published material upon which to base his judgments. For many of the living saints there is a fairly extensive body of apologetic writing. In the nature of primary sources such works are invaluable but remain unanalyzed. There are also publications available in the occult market; but there the motives of the writers differ from those of scholarly inquiry in many cases, however interesting their contributions may be in their own right. Analytical works on modern Hinduism and its saint leadership are negligible in number. … Regarding the living saints, what is presently most necessary is that there should be thorough reporting of their behavior, preferably from first hand observation, and an objective clarification of their biographies according to certain motifs and structures. The specifically religious nature of their activities must also be investigated. … In the case of the study of modern Indian saints one cannot overemphasize the need to evolve criteria that will make it possible to describe our understanding of these individuals in language other than that of the adoring devotee or the hostile sceptic.1 (Charles S. J. White, ‘Approaches to the Study of Indian Saints’)
The Rebirth of Securitization: Where Is the Private-Label Mortgage Market?

In the wake of the financial crisis, new securitization activity ground to a halt in all asset classes that did not have an implicit or explicit government guarantee. Although securitization has since resumed in most asset classes, including automobiles, credit cards, collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), and commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBSs), the private-label residential mortgage-backed securities market remains stagnant. This article discusses why the residential mortgage market experience has been so different and provides guidance about what remains to be fixed.
Evaluation on Final Effect of TB Control Program in Huating County during 2001-2010

[Objective]To understand the implementation effect of "Huating County TB control program(2001-2010)",to summarize the experience and lessons of the planning implementation,and provide reference for the further formulation TB control plan. [Methods]The ways of filed investigation and consulting and reviewing the TB-related files collected from health administrative departments and CDC were adopted for analysis. [Results]A total of 798 cases of active TB patients were reported during 2001-2009,560 cases of them were smear positive,85 cases of retreated smear positive,238 cases of severe smear negative.Consultation rate of the suspected patients was 221.0/100 000,the rate of sputum sample examination was 96.9%,and the rate of smear positive was 16.0%.The rate of the task indicators accomplishment of the new smear positive TB cases was 101.5%.Hospital referral rate was 99.3%,the rate of the referral place achieved was 50.2%,the follow-up rate of unachieved referral place was 100%.The cure rate of was the new smear positive TB cases was 92.0%,and the rate of Directly Observed Therapy Short-course(DOTS) was 98.2%. [Conclusion]The implementation of TB program was successful and has enormously promoted TB control work in Huating county.
Conclusion: Assessing the Female Gentleman

Mary Challoner’s modernity brings us full circle, then, back to the question of the social value and impact of the ‘Female Gentleman’. Is this a positive feminist ideal, or should a critic place more emphasis on the pessimistic view that middlebrow novelists had contempt for the sex in general and expected very few women to live up to the ideal? Can the gentlemanly ideal be disentangled from its class baggage? What, if any, impact does the model of the Female Gentleman have on twenty-first-century readers of these novels? These questions can be combined into one issue: the extent to which the concept of the ‘Female Gentleman’ might simply be dated beyond usability by its reliance on social distinctions that contemporary Anglophone societies have ostensibly left behind. Can a twenty-first-century woman really adopt as an ideal of behavior the same model theoretically held by Victorian imperialists who expected their wives to be domestic angels? If I am correct about the project that middlebrow writers were undertaking after World War I — freeing the word gentleman from its class and gender restrictions — they had a monumental task to accomplish, and their own attitudes toward class and race were ambiguous enough to give a reader who admires their goals pause. Yet there is value in their conception of feminism that cannot simply be discarded, either.
Giant Meckel diverticulum type II. Apropos of a case

Les diverticules geants de Meckel type II sont tres rares. Mais contrairement aux diverticules classiques de Meckel, le transit de grele est souvent anormal et evocateur du diagnostic
Mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in the community mental health setting.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the relation of change in theory-relevant cognitive variables to depressive symptom change over the course of cognitive therapy, as well as the specificity of change mechanisms to cognitive therapy as compared with dynamic therapy. METHOD There were 237 adult outpatients who were randomized to either cognitive (n = 119) or dynamic (n = 118) therapy for major depressive disorder in a community mental health setting. Assessments of compensatory skills (Ways of Responding Community Version and Self-Report Version), dysfunctional attitudes (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale), and depressogenic schemas (Psychological Distance Scaling Task) were obtained at baseline and months 1, 2, and 5 following baseline. Primary outcome was measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. RESULTS Across both therapy conditions, change in all 3 cognitive domains was associated with concurrent change in depressive symptoms. After controlling for other cognitive variables, increased interconnectedness of the positive achievement-related schema was significantly associated with concurrent symptom change in cognitive (rp = .26, p < .001) but not dynamic therapy (rp = .08, p = .29). Increases in positive compensatory skills were associated with subsequent change in depressive symptoms in cognitive therapy (rp = -.36, p = .003), but not in dynamic therapy (rp = .11, p = .386). CONCLUSIONS Results provide support for the compensatory skills model of cognitive therapy (CT) within a community mental health setting. Additional research is necessary to understand other possible mechanisms of change in CT in the community setting. (PsycINFO Database Record
Assessment and Treatment of Executive Function Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Update

Abstract Empirical evidence for executive function (EF) impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was first established more than 30 years ago. In the interim, a large literature has emerged that supports a profile of relatively intact and impaired (e.g., flexibility) EF subdomains in ASD. We pick up where our last review ( Kenworthy, Yerys, Anthony, & Wallace, 2008 ; Neuropsychology Review) left off by examining both laboratory-based and ecologically valid EF assessment findings in ASD, how the presence of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and/or diagnosis affects EF in ASD, and a newly emerging evidence base for intervention studies targeting EF impairments in ASD. The evidence to date suggests that laboratory-based EF findings remain more mixed than those based on ecologically valid assessment of EF (which more consistently reveal EF deficits in ASD), nevertheless, the latter requires more study. Findings also suggest that subgrouping ASD based on ADHD symptomatology might clarify heretofore mixed findings, particularly in terms of inhibitory control deficits. Finally, EF is proving to be a viable treatment target in ASD, although much more work is needed in this area.
Computerized monitoring of scintillation camera uniformity

An efficient and practical procedure is outlined to objectively analyze and monitor scintillation camera uniformity performance on a daily basis using a commercially available nuclear medicine computer system. The authors methods are illustrated with the four scintillation cameras currently used in their department. Intrinsic camera uniformity is analyzed daily according to NEMA specifications, and quantitative results are graphed from the most recent 120 calibration days.
Abstract P008: Plasma Levels of Fetuin-a and Other Hepatic Enzymes as Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in US Women

Background: Several liver-derived proteins, such as fetuin-A, alanine transaminase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), have been linked to fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Some studies have suggested an association with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD); but data thus far have been limited and inconsistent. Methods and Results: During 16 years of follow-up (1990-2006), we prospectively identified and confirmed 520 incident fatal or non-fatal CHD events and matched 976 controls to them in the Nurses’ Health Study. Plasma levels of fetuin-A, ALT, and GGT were measured and examined in relation to CHD risk using conditional logistic regression. Of the three markers, higher GGT levels were most strongly correlated with higher levels of blood lipids, C-reactive protein, and hemoglobin-A1c and lower levels of adiponectin. After multivariate adjustment for lifestyle and dietary risk factors for CHD, higher GGT levels, but not fetuin-A or ALT levels, were associated with increased risk of CHD (Table 1). However, further adjustment for history of chronic diseases attenuated the association of GGT with CHD: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) comparing extreme quintiles of GGT was 1.35 (0.91, 2.01; P for trend = 0.18). Corresponding ORs (95% CI) were 0.89 (0.51, 1.54; P for trend = 0.99) for fetuin-A and 0.89 (0.59, 1.35; P for trend = 0.96) for ALT. The association of GGT with CHD was abolished after further adjustment for biomarkers of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and insulin resistance that may affect GGT levels: the OR (95% CI) comparing extreme quintiles was 1.01 (0.62, 1.64; P for trend = 0.64). Conclusion: In this cohort of women, higher circulating GGT levels were associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, but GGT, ALT, and fetuin-A levels were not associated with subsequent risk of CHD after accounting for standard risk factors.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Treatment of Achilles Tendon Rupture in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease:

Background:Dialysis-dependent patients and kidney transplant recipients may be at increased risk for Achilles tendon rupture (ATR).Methods:We studied Medicare patients with end-stage renal disease ...
Factors affecting housing satisfaction of Asian and Pacific Islander households in the United States

According to the U. S. Census Bureau, there were 12.5 million Asian and Pacific Islanders living in the United States in March, 2002 accounting for 4.4 percent of America's total population. This study looked into the housing satisfaction among the Asian and Pacific Islander group in comparison to the non-Hispanic White group. Since many Asian and Pacific Islanders in the U. S. are foreign-born, it is expected that their housing perception will be influenced by their experience with housing in their home countries. Using Morris and Winter's housing adjustment theory, the study investigated the effect of several demographic variables, housing deficits, and neighborhood satisfaction on housing satisfaction. The study also looked into two variables with cultural relevance, length of residence in the U. S. and extended family living arrangement and tested their effect on housing satisfaction. The data used for the study was the 2002 American Housing Survey Metropolitan Sample (AHS-MS) collected from a sample of 13 metropolitan areas by U. S. Census Bureau for the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Generally, demographic variables were not significant indicators of housing satisfaction. Two housing deficits (renter status and housing inadequacy) and neighborhood satisfaction were important mediating variables between housing satisfaction and household variables. Length of residence in the U. S. and extended family living arrangement were not significant predictors of housing satisfaction for Asian and Pacific Islanders. It appears that Asian and Pacific Islander householders assimilate quickly into the American culture in terms of housing norms. There is little difference in the explanation of
Theories of Adsorption in Micropores

The most important microporous adsorbents from an industrial point of view are activated carbon, silica, and molecular sieves. Adsorption equilibrium in these solids is measured experimentally. In some cases the experimental results can be explained in terms of molecular models. The accumulation of a data bank26 of single-gas adsorption isotherms is an essential first step toward the development of theories for calculating adsorption isotherms from gas-gas and gas-solid potential energies. Meanwhile, experimental adsorption isotherms provide the basis for correlating and predicting adsorption from gas and liquid mixtures. At present there are wide gaps in published experimental data on systems of commercial importance such as adsorption of ethanol, water, sulfur compounds, oxygen, nitrogen, and xylene isomers.
Static software metrics for reliability and maintainability

This paper identifies a small, essential set of static software code metrics linked to the software product quality characteristics of reliability and maintainability and to the most commonly identified sources of technical debt. An open-source plug-in is created for the Understand code analysis tool that calculates and visualizes these metrics. The plug-in was developed as a first step in an ongoing project aimed at applying case-based reasoning to the issue of software product quality.1
DETERMINANTS OF REVENUE IN SPORTS LEAGUES: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT

This study investigates determinants of revenue in North America's four major professional sports leagues. Revenue is positively associated with on‐field success in baseball (MLB), basketball (NBA), and hockey (NHL), but not in football (NFL). The returns to success are not diminishing as commonly assumed, which casts doubt on the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, and differences across leagues are consistent with revenue sharing arrangements. Estimates indicate a strong negative but diminishing relationship between stadium age and revenue. Teams in larger markets generate more revenue than smaller markets, but the returns to success do not differ according to market size. (JEL Z21)
Risk factors for post-pancreaticoduodenectomy delayed gastric emptying in the absence of pancreatic fistula or intra-abdominal infection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) occurs commonly following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), but the rate of DGE in the absence of other intra-abdominal complications is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to define the incidence of DGE and identify risk factors for DGE in patients without pancreatic fistula or other intra-abdominal infections. METHODS Retrospective cohort study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program pancreatectomy variables to identify patients with DGE following PD without evidence of fistula or intra-abdominal infection. Multivariable models were developed to assess preoperative, intraoperative, and technical factors associated with DGE. RESULTS The rate of DGE was 11.7% in 10502 cases without pancreatic fistula or intra-abdominal infection. Patients were more likely to develop DGE if age ≥75 (odds ratio [OR], 1.22; P = 0.003), male (OR, 1.29; P < 0.001), underwent pylorus-sparing PD (OR, 1.27; P = 0.004), or had a prolonged operative time (OR, 1.38 if greater than seven vs less than 5 hours; P = 0.005). Factors not associated with DGE included BMI, pathologic indication, and surgical approach. CONCLUSION The incidence of DGE after PD is notable even in patients without other abdominal complications. Identification of patients at increased risk for DGE may aid patient counseling as well as decisions regarding surgical technique, enteral feeding access, and enhanced-recovery pathways.
Increased central cholinergic drive contributes to the apneas of serotonin-deficient rat pups during active sleep

Serotonin in the central nervous system (CNS) is necessary for maintaining the stability of breathing in the early postnatal period, particularly during active sleep. Here we show that the administ...
Handling Web Bias 2019: Chairs' Welcome and Workshop Summary

A key aspect of the Web Science conference is exploring the ethical challenges of technologies, data, algorithms, platforms, and people in the Web as well as detecting, preventing and predicting anomalies in web data including algorithmic and data biases. Handling Web Bias (HWB) is a new workshop focusing on best practices for identifying and handling web bias. Awareness of the problems of algorithmic and data bias has been growing but even with careful review of the algorithms and data sets, it may not be possible to delete all unwanted bias, particularly when systems learn from historical data that encodes cultural biases. This workshop will take a rich and cross-domain approach to this complicated problem, providing a venue for researchers to move beyond awareness of the problem of algorithmic and data bias to focus on practical strategies for handling it.
CORRELATION OF SUBRETINAL HYPERREFLECTIVE MATERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND VISUAL ACUITY IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

PURPOSE To evaluate the association of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) morphological features with visual acuity in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS Retrospective analysis of treatment-naive patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration enrolled in randomized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-platelet-derived growth factor clinical trials. Standardized spectral domain optical coherence tomography images were graded at baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up visits. Masked readers evaluated the morphology of SHRM (reflectivity, shape, anterior, and posterior boundaries) and measured SHRM height, width, and area at the fovea, within the center 1 mm, and outside the center 1 mm. RESULTS Baseline SHRM characteristics that correlated with worse visual acuity at 12 and 24 weeks included layered appearance (P = 0.006, 0.001), hyperreflective spots in SHRM (P = 0.001, 0.011), and separation between SHRM and outer retina (P = 0.03, 0.019). The disappearance of SHRM correlated with better visual acuity at Weeks 12 and 24 (P < 0.001). Layered appearance of SHRM at baseline was significantly associated with increased reflectivity at Weeks 12 and 24 (P = 0.009, 0.003). Decreasing reflectivity of SHRM lesion at Weeks 12 and 24 correlated with better visual acuity (P < 0.01, 0.01). Increased width and area of baseline SHRM at the foveal center correlated with worse visual acuity at 12 (P < 0.001, <0.001) and 24 weeks (<0.001, <0.001). CONCLUSION Several attributes of SHRM including, layered appearance, increased reflectivity, larger size, and hyperreflective spots correlated with worse visual acuity at 12- and 24-week follow-ups. Baseline SHRM characteristics can help practitioners predict visual and morphological prognosis and guide therapy.
The Emerging Principles of Fourth Amendment Privacy

The Fourth Amendment applies when the government violates a citizen’s “reasonable expectation of privacy.” But the Supreme Court has never explained what makes an expectation of privacy reasonable, and scholars regularly complain that this standard is incomprehensible and unworkable. Yet the reasonable expectation of privacy standard may be more coherent than is currently recognized. The Supreme Court has decided more than forty reasonable expectation of privacy cases since the standard was developed. This Article is the first to analyze all of these decisions. It draws out three consistent principles that drive the Court’s assessments of Fourth Amendment privacy: the intimacy of the place or thing targeted; the amount of information sought; and the cost of the investigation. The Article traces these principles through the Court’s Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, offering an explanatory account of a body of law often thought to be inexplicable. And it brings them forward, generating predictions for future cases involving novel surveillance technologies. The Article makes several contributions to the Fourth Amendment literature. It develops a unified model of Fourth Amendment privacy, one that operates consistently across a variety of surveillance contexts. It details the Supreme Court’s growing acknowledgment of the principles of intimacy, amount, and cost. It makes the case for more overt recognition of these principles, which would have substantial benefits for Fourth Amendment jurisprudence and scholarship. And it offers a clear, comprehensible answer to the question of what violates a reasonable expectation of privacy.
Copyright Literacy of Library and Information Science Students in the United States.

Copyright has an impact on nearly every aspect of the information professions, from developing collections to creating local policy and educating patrons. Given the apparent importance of copyright...
Relevancy of Mens Rea and Criminal Intent in Modern Prosecutions

Successful defenses using an accused’s lack of mens rea or criminal intent have become increasingly rare. One conclusion of the U.S. House Judiciary Committee’s Task Force on Over-Criminalization is that “there are now more than 4,000 federal criminal provisions plus hundreds of thousands of federal regulations that impose criminal penalties, often without requiring that criminal intent be shown to establish guilt.” In this case, the 3rd Circuit Court of Appeal buttressed these basic legal principles by reversing both the conviction and habitual-offender status of the defendant and entering a judgment of acquittal for lack of proof that the defendant intended any criminal act to be committed.
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD Stages 3 and 4: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial.

Rationale & Objective Metabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may contribute to muscle dysfunction and bone disease. We aimed to test whether treatment with sodium bicarbonate improves muscle and bone outcomes. Study Design Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Setting & Participants 149 patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 between July 2011 and April 2016 at 3 centers in Cleveland, OH, and the Bronx, NY. Intervention Sodium bicarbonate (0.4 mEq per kg of ideal body weight per day) (n=74) or identical-appearing placebo (n=75). Outcomes Dual primary outcomes were muscle function assessed using sit-to-stand test and bone mineral density. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and 2 months. Participants were seen at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results Mean baseline serum bicarbonate level was 24.0±2.2 (SD) mEq/L and mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 36.3±11.2mL/min/1.73m2. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Mean serum bicarbonate levels in the intervention arm during follow-up were 26.4±2.2, 25.5±2.3, 25.6±2.6, and 24.4±2.8 mEq/L (at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months). These were significantly higher than in the placebo group (P Limitations Initial mean serum bicarbonate level was in the normal range. Conclusions Sodium bicarbonate therapy in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 significantly increases serum bicarbonate and decreases potassium levels. No differences were found in muscle function or bone mineral density between the randomly assigned groups. Larger trials are required to evaluate effects on kidney function. Funding National Institutes of Health grant. Trial Registration Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT01452412