cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
JOE' S RHETORIC FINDING AUTHENTICITY AT STARBUCKS

Abstract In this essay, I explore the materiality of rhetoric through a close analysis of one Starbucks coffee shop. Starbucks’ rhetoric works to suture individual bodies and subjectivities into a seemingly natural world through the practices of production and consumption of coffee and through the use of “natural”; colors, shapes and materials. This turn to nature is augmented by a claim to authenticity made by the coffee itself and is further reinforced by the rituals surrounding the buying and drinking of coffee. These rituals provide sanctifying performances that strive to cover the sins of postmodern consumer culture.
Blood lead concentrations in a remote Himalayan population

The lead content in the air at the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal was found to be negligible. The concentration of lead in the blood of 103 children and adults living in this region was found to average 3.4 micrograms per deciliter, a level substantially lower than that found in industrialized populations.
Multiresolution multiperspective modeling (MRMPM) as an enabler of exploratory analysis

Exploratory analysis examines the consequences of uncertainty--not merely by standard sensitivity methods, but more comprehensively. It is particularly useful for gaining a broad understanding of a problem domain before dipping into details. Although exploratory analysis can be accomplished with models of many types, it is facilitated by multiresolution, multiperspective modeling (MRMPM) structures. Moreover, a knowledge of related design principles facilitates the characterization of more normal models in terms that permit exploratory analysis. This paper describes the connections and notes that, with current and emerging personal computer tools, MRMPM methods are becoming practical.
NRG1, a repressor of filamentous growth in C.albicans, is down-regulated during filament induction.

In response to a variety of external signals, the fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes a transition between ellipsoidal single cells (blastospores) and filaments composed of elongated cells attached end-to-end. Here we identify a DNA-binding protein, Nrg1, that represses filamentous growth in Candida probably by acting through the co-repressor Tup1. nrg1 mutant cells are predominantly filamentous under non-filament-inducing conditions and their colony morphology resembles that of tup1 mutants. We also identify two filament-specific genes, ECE1 and HWP1, whose transcription is repressed by Nrg1 under non-inducing conditions. These genes constitute a subset of those under Tup1 control, providing further evidence that Nrg1 acts by recruiting Tup1 to target genes. We show that growth in serum at 37°C, a potent inducer of filamentous growth, causes a reduction of NRG1 mRNA, suggesting that filamentous growth is induced by the down-regulation of NRG1. Consistent with this idea, expression of NRG1 from a non-regulated promoter partially blocks the induction of filamentous growth.
Sensor subset selection for traffic management

As Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) gain wider adoption, one critical decision city authorities need to make is what sensors to use to get the traffic data. There is a slew of techniques available varying in accuracy, coverage and cost to install and maintain, not to mention the diversity in which they can be set up and how they may complement each other. Even if a city starts with one preferred sensor (e.g., security cameras), over time, technology presents more options that may synergistically work together (e.g., mobile phones). Consequently, a city planning to use traffic sensors for ITS soon finds that it has to make, and continuously reassess, among multiple sensor types for increased benefits on its ITS investments. In this paper, we empirically explore what subset of sensors work well in what conditions and report that (a) data from Call Data Records (CDRs) of low-cost phones can complement sensors due to their high-coverage and low-cost despite inherent errors, and (b) a prescriptive method can provide optimal sensor subset selection for a traffic condition.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Small Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To review the risk factors and clinical findings associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in patients with small cell carcinomas and other solid tumors. METHODS: Reports of TLS in the English-language literature were identified by searching MEDLINE and the bibliographies of relevant case reports, journal articles, and book chapters. All reports identified through these searches, including abstracts from national meetings, were reviewed and included in this analysis. Data regarding clinical and biochemical parameters relevant to the occurrence of TLS were extracted from each report. RESULTS: Of the 25 reported solid tumor patients who developed TLS, 7 had small cell carcinoma, 5 breast cancer, and 4 neuroblastoma. TLS was associated with a variety of treatment regimens, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Common risk factors for TLS in this population included pretreatment renal insufficiency, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hyperuricemia. Among the typical biochemical findings of TLS, acute renal insufficiency and hyperuricemia were identified in nearly all patients and hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and increased serum LDH were reported in over 75% of patients. In addition, seven patients, including the current case, presented with profound metabolic acidosis. Nine of 25 patients died during the acute episode of TLS. CONCLUSIONS: Although TLS occurs infrequently in patients with solid tumors, the risk factors and biochemical abnormalities associated with this potentially fatal complication of therapy must be recognized to allow for adequate monitoring and early initiation of appropriate therapeutic measures.
Polarization in pion-proton scattering from 670 to 3750 MeV/c.

Using a polarized proton target, we have measured the polarization parameter P({theta}) in pion-proton scattering for both positive and negative pions. Because there seems to be a great deal of current interest in the analysis of pion-proton scattering we wish to present these experimental results at this time even though we have not yet completed their analysis. The measurement consisted of scattering pions from polarized target protons and observing the asymmetry in scattered intensity, I({theta}), as the target protons spin directions were reversed. The intensity for scattering from a target of polarization P{sub T} is I({theta}){sub pol.} = I({theta}){sub unpol.} (1 + P({theta})P{sub T}), where the parameter P({theta}) is the same as the recoil proton polarization in scattering pions from unpolarized protons under the assumption that parity is conserved in the process.
Passive tracking of underwater maneuvering targets

The problem of passively tracking underwater maneuvering targets using time differentials of received sound waves is explored. The paper next develops a two-dimenslonal, adaptive tracking algorithm that gives an unbiased range estimate as a target makes random step changes in radial velocity.
Integration of Affect and Cognition in Intrinsic Motivation

Abstract Research on the factors that influence intrinsic motivation has emphasized either affect states (Izard, 1977) or cognitive evaluations (Deci & Ryan, 1985) for a complete explanation of the phenomenon. Although affective and cognitive factors account for a large amount of shared variance in the prediction of intrinsic motivation, the present investigation tested the hypothesis that the two factors also contribute unique variance to the prediction of intrinsic motivation. The traditional intrinsic motivation paradigm with a puzzle-solving task was used with a sample of American University undergraduates, and both self-report and behavioral measures of intrinsic motivation were assessed. Hierarchical regressions showed that each factor was able to contribute to the prediction of the measures of intrinsic motivation in a manner independent of the other factor, especially with the self-report measure. Both the affect and cognitive approaches to intrinsically motivated behavior, therefore, are fruitful...
Valvular Heart Disease in Patients Taking Pergolide

Objective To determine whether an association exists between pergolide and valvular heart disease. Patients and Methods Three patients with severe, unexplained tricuspid regurgitation were examined at our institution from September 2000 to April 2002. Echocardiography and histology of surgically explanted valves revealed abnormalities suggestive of carcinoid involvement, methysergide or ergotamine treatment, or use of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine. Carcinoid valvular heart disease was excluded. None of the patients had prior treatment with these drugs. All 3 patients were taking pergolide. Results Of the 3 patients, 2 had predominantly right-sided congestive heart failure. In all 3 patients, echocardiography showed unusual valve morphology, with severe tricuspid valve regurgitation. Significant left-sided valve regurgitation was noted in 2 patients. Histologic analysis revealed surface fibroproliferative lesions with preserved underlying valve architecture. Conclusion The echocardiographic and histopathologic features of these cases are strikingly similar to those associated with carcinoid-, ergot-, and fenfluramine-induced valve disease. An association between pergolide and valvular heart disease may therefore exist.
Effect of aromatase inhibition on prostatic growth and pathology, prostatic and serum androgen concentrations, and testicular androgen secretion in beagles[Poster 29]

Abstract Treatment of dogs with an oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor for 25 weeks increased (P 0.10) upon prostatic growth, histology, or androgen concentrations was observed.
Intracellular diffusion in the presence of mobile buffers. Application to proton movement in muscle.

Junge and McLaughlin (1987) derived an expression for the apparent diffusion constant of protons in the presence of both mobile and immobile buffers. Their derivation applies only to cases in which the values of pH are considerably greater than the largest pK of the individual buffers, a condition that is not expected to hold in skeletal muscle or many other cell types. Here we show that, if the pH gradients are small, the same expression for the apparent diffusion constant of protons can be derived without such constraints on the values of the pK's. The derivation is general and can be used to estimate the apparent diffusion constant of any substance that diffuses in the presence of both mobile and immobile buffers. The apparent diffusion constant of protons is estimated to be 1–2 x 10(-6) cm2/s at 18 degrees C inside intact frog twitch muscle fibers. It may be smaller inside cut fibers, owing to a reduction in the concentration of mobile myoplasmic buffers, so that in this preparation a pH gradient, if established within a sarcomere following action potential stimulation, could last 10 ms or longer after stimulation ceased.
Expression and antigenicity of Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein (MSP119) variants secreted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Four antigenic variants of the 19-kDa carboxy terminal fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein, MSP1 (MSP119), were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a histidine-tagged, secreted polypeptides (rMSP119s). Structural analysis of the rMSP119s indicated that a single amino acid change (E to Q) in the first EGF-like domain of the yeast-secreted rMSP119 proteins caused a significant change in their disulfide bond-dependent conformation. The antigenicity of the rMSP19s were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by direct and competitive binding ELISAs. The data indicate that conserved and variant B cell determinants of MSP19, as well as epitopes that are known targets of protective antibodies, were recreated authentically in the rMSP19s. Secretion of histidine-tagged rMSP119s using the expression system described may be an efficient and effective means of producing a properly folded immunogen for a human vaccine against the blood stages of P. falciparum.
InGaAs/InP waveguide photodetector with high saturation intensity

An InGaAs/InP rib-loaded waveguide pin, photodetector integrated with a microwave coplanar waveguide transmission line on a semi-insulating InP substrate is demonstrated. The detector has a 3 dB frequency response in excess of 20 GHz. The DC responsivity of the waveguide photo-detector remains constant at 0.21 A/W over a range of incident optical powers from 400 μW to 20 mW.
Elliptic azimuthal anisotropy of charged hadrons and neutral pions in PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV with CMS

Abstract The elliptic flow anisotropies of charged particles and neutral pions ( π 0 s ) have been measured by the CMS collaboration for PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV. The second Fourier components of the anisotropic azimuthal distribution are obtained using an event-plane technique for π 0 s and four different analysis techniques for charged particles: event plane, two- and four-particle cumulants, and Lee-Yang Zeros. These techniques have different sensitivities to non-flow and flow fluctuation effects and their comparison helps disentangle hydrodynamic flow, initial state fluctuations and non-flow correlations. A comparison of the CMS measurements of v 2 ( p T ) from π 0 mesons and inclusive charged particles indicates a particle-species dependence in the azimuthal anisotropy at the LHC.
Variable expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in patients at high risk for preeclampsia.

Objective. To explore angiogenic factor differences in preeclamptic patients according to the absence or presence of underlying vascular disease.Methods. We prospectively compared serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), soluble endoglin, and placental growth factor (PlGF) from 41 normal-risk and 32 high-risk (preexisting conditions) subjects at serial gestational ages.Results. Median sFlt1 was lower at delivery in preeclamptic patients with underlying chronic hypertension and/or chronic proteinuria (5115 pg/ml) compared with normal risk preeclamptic patients (16375 pg/ml). PlGF was consistently low in patients who developed preeclampsia.Conclusions. Effects of sFlt1 may be contextual, varying according to the health or disease state of vascular endothelium.
The use of quantitative immunofluorescence to measure immunoglobulin levels in mouse myeloma cells during the cell cycle.

Abstract The technique of quantitative immunofluorescence was applied to a study of immunoglobulin levels in mouse myeloma cells in different phases of the cell cycle. The fluorescence of individual, randomly growing cells stained with fluorescent antiserum to mouse γG was measured photometrically. The phase of each cell in the life cycle was determined independently by autoradiography. Fluorescence was highest in cells in the S phase of the cycle, suggesting that their immunoglobulin content is highest during this phase. The quantitative immunofluorescence method appeared to be experimentally sound and potentially useful for further studies of this nature.
The relationship between religiosity/spirituality and well-being in gay and heterosexual Orthodox Jews

Numerous studies have demonstrated positive relationships between religiosity/spirituality and emotional well-being. Little research exists, though, on these relationships in Orthodox Jewish and gay populations. Therefore, data from two studies focusing on heterosexual Orthodox Jews (Study 1, 52 females, 18 males) and gay Orthodox Jews (Study 2, 191 males) are presented. The studies assessed religiosity, spirituality, and well-being using validated self-report measures. In Study 1, religiosity and spirituality were generally positively correlated with well-being. In Study 2, spirituality was positively correlated with well-being, while religiosity entered into a complex pattern of relationships. For gay Orthodox Jews, religiosity may not have the same associations with well-being that it does for heterosexual Orthodox Jews, although spirituality may provide an alternative pathway for emotional benefits.
A low-overhead laboratory data management system for the PDP11

Abstract A set of programs for the management of laboratory data has been developed for a small time-shared computer. These programs provide for the definition and maintenance of tables containing data in alphanumeric form, and for the generation of printed reports. There is a minimum of interference with other uses of the computer system.
Differential roles of multiple adhesion molecules in cell migration: granule cell migration in cerebellum.

The migration of cerebellar granule cells from the external granular layer to the internal granular layer is mediated by the radial Bergmann glial fiber. Recent works have shown that cell adhesion molecules, extra-cellular matrix proteins and proteolytic enzymes or their activators are involved in this process. Immuno-localization studies showed differential temporal and spatial expression patterns of different adhesion molecules, their isoforms, and post-translational modification during different stages of granule cell migration. Functional perturbation experiments using cerebellar explant cultures demonstrated that several adhesion molecules as well as plasminogen activator are involved in granule cell migration and are required in different stages. Other systems used to study granule cell migration including dissociated microwell cultures and granule cell deficient mouse mutants are discussed in the context of adhesion molecules. The results accumulated so far suggest that the migration of granule cells is a complex process in which the cooperation of a group of molecules with different functions, some for adhesion some for de-adhesion, are required to fulfill the different needs during the migratory course.
The electrical conductivity of discontinuous iron films: The effect of chemisorbed H2 and O2☆

Abstract The electrical conductivity of discontinuous iron films deposited upon quartz and NaCl substrates has been investigated. The experiments support electrode injection as the dominant mechanism of current transport. The effects of the chemisorption of H 2 and O 2 on the electrical conductivity are contrasted.
Failure to replicate a reported U-shaped visual masking function

An attempt was made to replicate a nonmonotonic visual backward masking function that had been reported by Kolers (1962). Neither the replication nor several variations yielded any suggestion of a nonmonotonic masking function. The failure to replicate was attributed to the difference in indicator methodology employed by Kolers and that used in the present study.
Reversible FFT and MDCT via matrix lifting

A reversible transform not only converts integer input to integer output, but also reconstructs the exact input from the output. It is one of the key modules for lossless and progressive-to-lossless media codecs. We have established that the closer the reversible transform is to its float counterpart, the better the compression performance of the lossless and progressive-to-lossless codecs that utilize the transform. In this work, a new design of the reversible transform based on matrix lifting is proposed. With matrix lifting, we can design a transform that is reversible, is close in transform value to its float counterpart, and can be computed via fast algorithms. A progressive-to-lossless embedded audio codec employing the reversible MDCT with matrix lifting is implemented. Superior results on lossless and lossy audio compression are demonstrated.
Solving for all the solutions of power systems equations

A numerically efficient algorithm to find all the solutions to power system equations is presented. This algorithm is based on the analysis of the topological structures of the solution set defined by the parameterized power system equations, and is guaranteed to find all the solutions. The significance of this algorithm is that its computational complexity is proportional to the product of the system size and the number of solutions the system actually has. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performances of the algorithm. >
Liver X receptor agonist inhibits proliferation of ovarian carcinoma cells stimulated by oxidized low density lipoprotein

article i nfo Objectives. We previously observed an association between ovarian cancer outcome and statin use and hypothesized lipoproteins have direct effects on ovarian cancer proliferation. Here we investigate the direct effects of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) on proliferation and the inhibitory effects of fluvastatin and a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist. Methods. The effects of LDL, oxLDL, the LXR agonist TO901317, fluvastatin and cisplatin on cellular proliferation were determined using MTT assays. LXR pathway proteins were assayed by immunoblotting. Cytokine expression was determined by antibody array. Results. Concentrations of oxLDL as small as 0.1 μg/ml stimulated CAOV3 and SKOV3 proliferation, while LDL had no effect. TO901317 inhibited the proliferation of CAOV3, OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells stimulated by oxLDL. Fluvastatin inhibited oxLDL mediated proliferation of CAOV3 and SKOV3. Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) was mitogenic to CAOV3 and SKOV3, was induced by oxLDL, and was reversed by TO901317. OxLDL increased cisplatin IC50s by 3.8 μM and N 60 μM for CAOV3 and SKOV3 cells, respectively. The LXR pathway proteins CD36, LXR, and ABCA1 were expressed in eight ovarian carcinoma cell lines (A2780, CAOV3, CP70, CSOC882, ES2, OVCAR3, SKOV3). Conclusions. OxLDL reduced ovarian carcinoma cell chemosensitivity and stimulated proliferation. These effects were reversed by LXR agonist or fluvastatin. The LXR agonist also inhibited expression of the ovarian cancer mitogen CT-1. These observations suggest a biologic mechanism for our clinical finding that ovarian cancer survival is associated with statin use. Targeting LXR and statin use may have a therapeutic role in ovarian cancer.
Identification of Novel MAP Kinase Pathway Signaling Targets by Functional Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry

Functional proteomics provides a powerful method for monitoring global molecular responses following activation of signal transduction pathways, reporting altered protein posttranslational modification and expression. Here we combine functional proteomics with selective activation and inhibition of MKK1/2, in order to identify cellular targets regulated by the MKK/ERK cascade. Twenty-five targets of this signaling pathway were identified, of which only five were previously characterized as MKK/ERK effectors. The remaining targets suggest novel roles for this signaling cascade in cellular processes of nuclear transport, nucleotide excision repair, nucleosome assembly, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal regulation. This study represents an application of functional proteomics toward identifying regulated targets of a discrete signal transduction pathway and demonstrates the utility of this discovery-based strategy in elucidating novel MAP kinase pathway effectors.
Effectiveness of Dye Setting Treatments on Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Direct, Reactive, and Vat Dyes

Eight treatments were evaluated for their effectiveness in the setting of dyes in new cotton fabrics. Dyes representing three application classes (direct, reactive, and vat) widely used on cotton fabrics were selected. Because of the perceived problems of red dyes bleeding during laundering, five of the eight dyes selected for evaluation were red. Color and staining evaluations were made after treatment and after laundering of the treated specimens to determine the effects of the treatments on color change and bleeding.The dye setting treatments did not cause large amounts of color change in the treated fabrics; however, none of the dye setting treatments significantly reduced color loss or staining during laundering for any of the dyes. Some of the treatments actually increased rather than decreased color loss and staining. Clearly, the home treatments for setting dyes evaluated in this study are a waste of the consumer's time, energy, and money.
Angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerosis: is the treatment worse than the disease?

Intracranial atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke. Depending on the population studied, it accounts for 10 to 29% of brain ischemic events.1 There is now no consensus regarding optimal medical management for these patients, although most patients receive antiplatelet agents or warfarin.2 Despite its frequency, the prognosis for patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis is not well-defined. A retrospective, nonrandomized review of 151 patients with 50 to 99% stenosis treated at several academic centers found that the stroke rate was 10.4 per 100 patient-years with aspirin and 3.6 with warfarin.3 Another retrospective study of 102 patients with symptomatic, intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis found that 14% of the patients had another stroke over a 15-month follow-up interval, although only 57% of the strokes were in the territory of the originally symptomatic artery.4 For patients who …
On the Difference Between Designing Children and Raising Them: Ethics and the Use of Educationally Oriented Biotechnology

The use of educationally oriented biotechnology has grown drastically in recent decades and is likely to continue to grow. Advances in both the neurosciences and genetics have opened up important areas of application and industry, from psychopharmacology to gene-chip technologies. This article reviews the current state of educationally oriented biological technologies, eventually focusing on the use of psychiatric drugs with children and adolescents to improve their academic performance. Distinguishing between “good” and “bad” uses of biological technologies is complicated by conflicting theoretical views about human development, the etiology of disability, and the diagnostic categories that structure treatments. To address these issues I introduce a set of ethical concepts, which are based on a biopsychosocial approach to human development. The difference between designing children and raising children marks an ethically salient difference between approaches that focus on only part of the child (e.g., her brain) and approaches that focus on the full biopsychosocial complexity of the developing child in context. This clarifies the importance of the child's right to both autonomy and care. Implications for policy and practice are offered.
Stateline fault system: A new component of the Miocene-Quaternary Eastern California shear zone

The Eastern California shear zone is an active, north-northwest–trending zone of intraplate right-lateral shear that absorbs ∼25% of Pacific-North America relative plate motion. The Stateline fault system (SFS), which includes several previously recognized, discontinuously exposed Quaternary structures along the California-Nevada border, is in this paper defined as a continuous, 200-km–long zone of active dextral shear that includes (from south to north) the Mesquite, Pahrump, and Amargosa Valley segments. Recognition of this system expands the known extent of the Eastern California shear zone ∼50 km to the east-northeast from its traditionally recognized boundary along the Death Valley fault system. Proximal volcanic and rock avalanche deposits offset across the Mesquite segment of the SFS indicate 30 ± 4 km of slip on this structure since 13.1 ± 0.2 Ma. This offset is an order of magnitude larger than previous estimates across this section of the SFS, but it is consistent with larger offsets previously proposed for the central and northern sections. The total offset and averaged slip rate since mid-Miocene time (2.3 ± 0.35 mm/yr) are similar to those of other major faults across this portion of the Basin and Range, which, from east to west, include the Death Valley, Panamint Valley-Hunter Mountain, and Owens Valley fault systems. However, in contrast to these faults, the average post–mid-Miocene slip rate on the SFS is approximately twice that estimated from present-day geodetic observations and an order of magnitude greater than estimates of average post–mid-Pleistocene slip rates. This discrepancy between long-term, short-term, and geodetically derived slip rates differs from other geologic-geodetic, slip-rate discrepancies in the Eastern California shear zone, where geodetic slip rates are significantly faster than both long-term and short-term geologic slip rates. This suggests that either the slip rate on the SFS has diminished over time, such that the system is an abandoned strand of the relatively young Eastern California shear zone, or that the present-day slip rate represents a transient period of slow slip, such that strands of the shear zone must accommodate a complex spatial and temporal distribution of slip.
Human Primpol1: a novel guardian of stalled replication forks

The successful duplication of genomic DNA during S phase is essential for the proper transmission of genetic information to the next generation of cells. Perturbation of normal DNA replication by extrinsic stimuli or intrinsic stress can result in stalled replication forks, ultimately leading to abnormal chromatin structures and activation of the DNA damage response. On formation of stalled replication forks, many DNA repair and recombination pathway proteins are recruited to resolve the stalled fork and resume proper DNA synthesis. Initiation of replication at sites of stalled forks differs from traditional replication and, therefore, requires specialized proteins to reactivate DNA synthesis. In this issue of EMBO reports , Wan et al [1] introduce human primase‐polymerase 1 (hPrimpol1)/CCDC111, a novel factor that is essential for the restart of stalled replication forks. This article is the first, to our knowledge, to ascertain the function of human Primpol enzymes, which were originally identified as members of the archaeao‐eukaryotic primase (AEP) family [2]. Single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) forms at stalled replication forks because of uncoupling of the DNA helicase from the polymerase, and is coated by replication protein A (RPA) for stabilization and recruitment of proteins involved in DNA repair and restart of replication. To identify novel factors playing important roles in the resolution of stalled replication forks, Wan and colleagues [1] used mass spectrometry to identify RPA‐binding partners. Among the proteins identified were those already known to be located at replication forks, including SMARCAL1/HARP, BLM and TIMELESS. In addition they found a novel interactor, the 560aa protein CCDC111. This protein interacts with the carboxyl terminus of RPA1 through its own C‐terminal region, and localizes with RPA foci in cells after hydroxyurea or DNA damage induced by ionizing irradiation. Owing to …
Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio: What's in a Number?

The evaluation of urinary protein is a cornerstone for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. Quantification of proteinuria is used to inform fundamental clinical decisions, such as whether to refer to a nephrologist, perform a kidney biopsy, or initiate therapy. Furthermore, minute interindividual differences in proteinuria associate with future risks for heart disease, kidney failure, and cancer in general population studies.1–3 These findings motivate optimal and consistent methods to quantify proteinuria in the clinical setting. In this issue of JASN , Heerspink et al. 4 compare, among 701 participants in the Reduction In Endpoints in Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with the Angiotensin-II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial, four standard methods for measuring urine protein: 24-hour urine protein excretion, 24-hour urine albumin excretion, first morning void spot urine albumin concentration, and first morning void spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Unlike most previous studies, which related spot urine albumin or urine protein measurements to the gold standard, 24-hour urine collection, the study by Heerspink et al. 4 addresses which of the four methods most strongly associates with the clinical outcome of …
Marriage and fatherhood are associated with lower testosterone in males

Abstract In order to study the hormonal correlates of the tradeoff between mating and parenting effort in human males, we examined the salivary testosterone (T) levels of 58 Boston-area men who were either unmarried ( n =29), married without children ( n =14), or married with children ( n =15). Additionally, we asked participants to complete a questionnaire that surveyed their demographic, marital, and parenting backgrounds. We tested the hypotheses that (1) T levels will be lower in married than in unmarried men and (2) married men with children will have lower T levels than unmarried men and married men without children. We also tested a series of hypotheses relating variation in parenting and spousal relationships to T. We found that married men with and without children had significantly lower evening T than unmarried men. No significant differences in T were found among the groups in morning samples. Among married men without children, higher scores on a "spousal investment" measure and more hours spent with a man's wife on his last day off work were both associated with lower T levels. We suggest that lower T levels during the day among fathers may facilitate paternal care in humans by decreasing the likelihood that a father will engage in competitive and/or mating behavior.
Communications functions in a distributed problem solving network

Communication functions are introduced for the description of distributed protocols and distributed problem-solving techniques. The functions are used to specify a node-selection algorithm that assigns subproblems to the most suitable group of nodes in a distributed problem-solving network. The suitability is based on quantitative measurements and experience of former interactions. >
The Grüneisen ratio for the last 30 years

Knopoff & Shapiro (1969) reviewed the status of the Gruneisen ratio, γ=(αKTV/CV), in particular with regard to its use in geophysics. They presented equations for γ that were commonly used at that time and pointed out that these equations were marred because they apparently did not account for the effect of two important properties, shear displacement and dispersion (frequency versus wavenumber). I review the progress in research on γ for the past 30 years and show what has been done to overcome or bypass these two defects. I also show that the experimental database has increased sufficiently to test a basic assumption in the Mie–Gruneisen equation of state (EoS) derivation, namely that γ is independent of T. The basic assumption should be that γ is independent of T at constant V, and many solids fail this test in that (∂γ/∂T)V is not zero. This weakens the assumption that the Mie–Gruneisen EoS can be used reliably at high T without a careful check. The main progress, made for closely packed solids, is in the determination of γ for the lower mantle and the core. Little progress has been made for loosely packed solids, so the value of γ for the upper mantle and the lithosphere is still an open question.
Matrix control of transforming growth factor-β function

The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has multiple effects in both physiological and pathological conditions. TGF-β is secreted as part of a tripartite complex from which it must be released in order to bind to its receptor. Sequestration of latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for proper mobilization of the latent cytokine and its activation. However, contrary to expectation, loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding certain matrix proteins that bind TGF-β yield elevated, rather than decreased, TGF-β levels, posing a 'TGF-β paradox.' In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the relationship of TGF-β, ECM molecules, and latent TGF-β activation and propose a model to resolve the 'TGF-β paradox.'
Lower extremity soft tissue conditions

Lower extremity soft tissue injuries and overuse conditions are frequently encountered among athletes. Muscles are frequently strained or contused, arteries and nerves can become entrapped, and tendons and bursae can become inflamed. Familiarity with the anatomy of the involved area is essential for making the correct diagnosis. The majority of these conditions can be accurately diagnosed based on a thorough history and physical examination alone, without the need for expensive imaging or invasive tests. Most of these conditions can be successfully managed conservatively, avoiding surgical intervention.
Macro-economic effects of changes in bank interest rates: Simulation results for South Korea

Abstract We use an empirical macro-econometric model of Korea to simulate the impact of bank interest rate changes. This model includes a very detailed sub-model of the financial sector, plus in addition to the usual demand side transmission channels of monetary policy a link between the financial sector and the supply side of the ‘real part’ of the economy via the cost of financing working capital (‘Cavallo’-effect). Increases in Time Deposit rate are shown to be contractionary in the short run, because the portfolio shifts they trigger tighten credit conditions and cause higher costs of financing working capital; people shift out of the curbmarket rather than out of cash. The higher cost of financing working capital also pushes up inflation in the first quarter after the change, making the increase in TD rates stagflationary. This effect dies out quickly, however. The persistence of the loss in output is shown to depend on whether the commercial banks are allowed to play their intermediary role or not: if credit limits prevent the passing through into bank loans of the influx of time deposits caused by the higher rates, substantial and persistent real output losses and decreased private investment were shown to result.
Wolpe's Reciprocal Inhibition Principle: An Animal Analogue

-Wolpe's reciprocal inhibition principle represents, o n a purely operational level, nothing more than a procedural description of counterconditioning. The most obvious implication of this principle is that a positive relationship, at least to zome asymptotic point, should exist becween the degree of counterconditioning and the subsequent reduction of avoidance behavior. An analogue study using rats ( N = 7 0 ) in a passive avoidance paradigm was .used to test this implication and to compare the efficacy of response prevention and extinction with varying degrees of counterconditioning. Licking (the animals were water deprived) in the former safe area served as the incompatible response. The effects of five specific conditions--Counterconditioning High, Counterconditioning Medium, Counterconditioning Low, Extinction, Response Preventionand two control procedures, Untreated Control/Home Cage and Untreated Control/Trash Can, were assessed o n each of three days following passive avoidance acquisition on Day 1. A nonshock control group was also used. The Response Prevention, Counterconditioning High, Counterconditioning Medium, and Untreated Control/Home Cage subjects evidenced a significant reduction in passive avoidance behavior relative to the Counterconditioning Low, Extinction, and Untreated Control/Trash Can subjects. It is suggested that lowered arousal may enhance cue utilization and thereby serve as a facilitator for increased exposure, which allows for che elimination of motivational as well as discriminative cues associated with fear and avoidanr behavior.
Generalized multihop shuffle networks

Multihop networks with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) are one possible way to conduct high data-rate communication. We provide an in-depth study of the generalization of the well-known shuffle network for ultrafast multihop lightwave communication. In the classical definition of a shuffle network, i.e., N=kp/sup k/ where N is the number of nodes and k is the number of stages with nodes of degree p, the realizable values of N are very sparse and many of the intermediate values of N are not realizable. We use a new definition of the shuffle network, N=nk, where n is the number of nodes per stage, which was originally proposed by Krishna and B. Hajek (1990) as the shuffle-ring network. Based on this definition, we divide the shuffle networks into two classes: extra-stage and reduced-stage. We derive an exact model and an approximate model of the expected number of hops for various network topologies. The results can be used to determine an optimal network topology when given a value of N.
Duhamel-Martin procedure for Hirschsprung's disease in neonates and infants: One-stage operation

Abstract Background: A retrospective study was performed to demonstrate that a one-stage Duhamel-Martin procedure is feasible for Hirschsprung's disease, even in neonates and infants. Methods: In a 212-year period, 32 children with Hirschsprung's disease were treated according to the method of Duhamel-Martin. In 22 of them the diagnosis had been established within the first 2 months of life. Results: Twentynine children did not receive a preliminary enterostomy. In the three neonates who did have a preliminary enterostomy, it was closed during the Duhamel-Martin procedure. In the last 2 years, no enterostomies have been performed. Conclusion: The one-stage Duhamel-Martin procedure is now feasible in almost all children, irrespective of age and weight.
Increasing health research literacy through outreach and networking: Why translational research should matter to communities

Background:Increasingly clinical and health research awareness is a priority for health and medical research communities. Translational research, including the prevention and treatment of condition...
A Viral-Anatomical Explanation of Schizophrenia

Recent neuropathological and neuroradiological studies of schizophrenia have pointed to the medial temporal cortex, especially the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala, as the areas primarily affected by this disease. Localization of the disease process to these structures may be explained anatomically because they are immediately contiguous to the foramen rotundum. Some viruses are known to ascend the trigeminal nerve and enter the cranial cavity through the foramen rotundum. They might latently infect the medial temporal cortex and be reactivated in early adulthood, producing the symptoms of schizophrenia. The distance from the nasal mucosa to the medial temporal cortex is less than 2 cm in infants. An anatomical explanation of schizophrenia could account for the seasonality of schizophrenic births, the observed excess birth trauma in schizophrenic individuals, the clinical aspects of schizophrenia, such as auditory hallucinations, and the genetic component of the disease.
Effect of Design Parameters on Drop Test Performance of Wafer Level Chip Scale Packages (WLCSP)

Today’s consumer market demands electronics that are smaller, faster and cheaper. To cater to these demands, novel materials, new designs, and new packaging technologies are introduced frequently. Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP) is one of the emerging package technologies that have the key advantages of reduced cost and smaller footprint. The portable consumer electronics are frequently dropped; hence the emphasis of reliability is shifting towards study of effects of mechanical shock loading increasingly. Mechanical loading typically induces brittle fractures (also known as intermetallic failures) between the solder bumps and bond pads at the silicon die side. This type of failure mechanism is typically characterized by the board level drop test. WLCSP is a variant of the flip-chip interconnection technique. In WLCSPs, the active side of the die is inverted and connected to the PCB by solder balls. The size of these solder balls is typically large enough (300μm pre-reflow for 0.5mm pitch and 250μm pre-reflow for 0.4mm pitch) to avoid use of underfill that is required for the flip-chip interconnects. Several variations are incorporated in the package design parameters to meet the performance, reliability, and footprint requirements of the package assembly. The design parameters investigated in this effort are solder ball compositions with different Silver (Ag) content, backside lamination with different thickness, WLCSP type –Direct and Re-Distribution Layer (RDL), bond pad thickness, and sputtered versus electroplated Under Bump Metallurgy (UBM) deposition methods for 8×8, 9×9, and 10×10 array sizes. The test vehicles built using these design parameters were drop tested using JEDEC recommended test boards and conditions as per JESD22-B11. Cross sectional analysis was used to identify, confirm, and classify the intermetallic, and bulk solder failures. The objective of this research was to quantify the effects and interactions of WLCSP design parameters through drop test. The drop test data was collected and treated as a right censored data. Further, it was analyzed by fitting empirical distributions using the grouped and un-grouped data approach. Data analysis showed that design parameters had a significant effect on the drop performance and played a vital role in influencing the package reliability.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Frontiers of Thought Out of the Margins

This essay discusses the apparent inconsistencies in the cultural anthropologists’ understanding of the two categories, “marginality” and “liminality,” which far from being antithetical to each other always entail each other. More precisely, I argue that the notion of marginality and liminality, which can be summed up as a perspective on the world, allows and develops a new way of thinking about education, politics, literature and, above all, the institutions of learning such as the modern university. Literary and philosophical texts, from Plato to Boccaccio, from Bacon to Vico, which take us to the “frontiers of thought,” to the most profoundly critical and creative questioning of our knowledge and values, propose a paradigm of marginality and liminality as the horizon within which our knowledge can be steadily reconfigured, rethought, and thus opened up to the future.
Making an Accurate Diagnosis of GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common problem, affecting 20 % of the population in some manner on a monthly basis [1]. For most individuals with GERD, the gastric refluxate in the esophagus causes heartburn, the most common symptom associated with GERD. Most patients are both diagnosed and treated by a trial of acid antagonist, most commonly, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Although less common, a substantial number of patients experience symptoms outside the esophagus, usually in the throat or lungs. It is accepted that gastroduodenal contents refluxed into the esophagus or aspirated through the vocal cords may result in what is often referred to as extraesophageal or airway-type symptoms and pathology. These can range from cough and hoarseness to asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. It is important to realize that almost all of these presentations may have other etiologies and contributing factors. Therefore, although it is important to recognize the possible role that GERD may be playing, it is also imperative that GERD is worked up and diagnosed appropriately in order to select the proper patients to treat and to select the proper therapy.
Effect of bale feeder and forage on hay waste, disappearance, and sorting1

ABSTRACT Three feeders and 2 forage types were used in a 3 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement within a Latin-square design to evaluate forage feeding waste. A total of 48 spring-calving, gestating cows were stratified by age, BW, and BCS into 6 replicate pens with 8 cows per pen. Bale feeders evaluated were open ring with slanted feeding stations (OFD), sheeted lower section with slanted feeding stations and tapered sides (TFD), and sheeted lower and upper sections with straight feeding stations and a chain cone (CFD). Forages were alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) haylage (AH) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) hay (FH). A forage × feeder type interaction (P 0.10) from AH OFD (7.0%) or AH CFD (6.5%) but was greater than AH TFD (4.9%; P 0.10) was observed for percentage AH waste due to day or feeder. Fescue-hay waste was least (P