cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HONG KONG: A NETWORKING PERSPECTIVE ON CHINA'S NEWSAR

This article looks at the impact of the changes that occurred on new and existing networks when Hong Kong was returned to China. The article discusses the utility of the networking perspective for understanding the changes, particularly as they relate to regionalism and the dynamics of regional networks. Some changes created a foundation for new networks and signaled the presence of new network members. Other changes occurred in older relationships among network actors such as those in the Senior Civil Service. The central role of Beijing has become an effective means of assimilation and is also influential regarding the reassertion of Chinese values. It has had a major impact on the cohesiveness and alignments of networks. These changes have also begun to reduce the strong international regional position of Hong Kong.
Identification and characterization of a new gene (CBP3) required for the expression of yeast coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase.

Abstract Respiratory defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae assigned to complementation group G28 display a deficiency, in the respiratory chain complex coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase. The mutants define a new nuclear gene, designated CBP3, required for the assembly of the complex. Mutations in CBP3 are expressed in the absence of spectrally and immunologically detectable cytochrome b, a catalytic subunit of coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase. The mutational block responsible for the cytochrome b deficiency has been ascribed to a post-translational step based on the observation that cbp3 mutants have wild type concentrations of cytochrome b mRNA and are capable of synthesizing the apoprotein. Western analysis has revealed that cbp3 mutants have reduced levels of a subset of subunit polypeptides of the coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase complex that include apocytochrome b, the iron-sulfur protein, core 4 (14-kDa subunit), and core 5 (11-kDa subunit). A similar phenotype has previously been reported in strains that fail to assemble the complex as a result of mutations in the noncatalytic core subunits. The CBP3 gene has been cloned by transformation of a mutant from complementation group G28 with a yeast genomic library. The gene is 1005 nucleotides long and codes for a primary translation product of 39 kDa. A transcript of a size commensurate with the length of the CBP3 reading frame is detected in total and poly(A+)-enriched RNA. The amino-terminal region of the CBP3 product is basic and probably corresponds to a cleavable mitochondrial targeting signal. An antibody obtained against a trpE/CBP3 fusion protein detects a protein of 40 kDa in wild type yeast mitochondria. This protein is absent in a mutant construct containing a partially deleted copy of the gene. The CBP3 protein is a membrane constituent, although attempts to demonstrate its physical association with the other subunits of coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase have been unsuccessful.
Intimacy in Addicted Couples

SUMMARY Examined is the developmental process of how intimacy plays a role in the relationship shared by addictive couples beyond their psychopathology. Addressed are substance and process addictions and the clinical dimensions that must be recognized in couples therapy. The dynamics and the process between the dyad are discussed as is the growth producing process toward healthy partnering among addicted couples. Treatment interventions including behavioral couples' therapy issues and import for further clinical practice are discussed.
The Generation and Optimization of Trigonometric Joint Trajectories for Robotic Manipulators

Interpolation of a sequence of desired robot configurations is realized using trigonometric splines. This original application has several advantages over existing methods (e.g. those using algebraic splines). For example, the computational expense is lower, more constraints can be imposed on the trajectory, and smoother trajectories are obtained using the proposed approach. The paper introduces a trajectory interpolation algorithm, discusses methods for both closedform and numerical path optimization, and includes examples.
Palatini variational principle

A detailed discussion of the Palatini variational principle is presented. It is shown how the Palatini variational principle can be derived from the more general Hilbert variational principle. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the origin of the Palatini variational principle in a logical way instead of stating it as anad hoc result as is usual.
Theoretical Investigation of Atmospheric Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons: A Critical Review

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the recent advances in the application of theoretical methods to the atmospheric oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons. It introduces the backgrounds on the quantum chemical calculations and kinetic rate theories, recent progress on theoretical studies of isoprene and α -, β -pinenes, and studies on other monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The mechanism of isoprene oxidation is better understood than those of other biogenic hydrocarbons. The initial isoprene-oxidant adducts, the peroxy radicals, the alkoxy radicals and the first generation products hae been investigated by means of quantum chemical calculations. The roles of the intermediate species were assessed using kinetic methods and the overall picture of the isoprene oxidation mechanism was obtained. Some of the aspects need to be considered for application of quantum chemical calculations and kinetic methods to the atmospheric biogenic hydrocarbons: (1) the accuracy of the geometries of the species, (2) the accuracy of the reaction energy and activation energy, (3) and other thermochemical data. These thermochemical data are very helpful to atmospheric modeling to understand the complex chemical reactions.
An Educational Challenge: Working through a Philosophical Contradiction

ithin the "critical education" literature, there is much discussion as to how schools exhibit social struggle, conflict, and democratic social change. This dialogue depicts schools as locales for social and cultural transformations that move away from institutional race, class, and gender disparities (Kozol 1991; Giroux 1988, 1992; McLaren 1989). It views schools as part of a larger civic, political, and critical democratic culture, rather than as sites where individuals serve only their individual interests and needs.
Divining Karma in Chinese Buddhism

Divination has been a pervasive phenomenon throughout Chinese history, but scholars have tended to focus on indigenous divination practices and overlook Chinese Buddhist ones. Scholars that have attended to Chinese Buddhist divination have largely debated the extent to which it derived from indigenous Chinese or Indian sources. This article advocates a different approach for future studies – one that focuses on the way in which practitioners of divination viewed themselves, their divinatory practices, and their reasons for practicing divination. It illustrates this method with a case study of an eminent Chinese Buddhist monk named Ouyi Zhixu (1599–1655), who viewed divination as a diagnostic tool to determine his karma and prescribed repentance rituals for redressing such karma.
Adaptive Grid Refinement for Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Nonhydrostatic Atmospheric Flow

Abstract Although atmospheric phenomena tend to be localized in both time and space, numerical models generally employ only uniform discretizations or fixed nested grids. An adaptive grid technique implemented in 2D and 3D nonhydrostatic elastic atmospheric models is described. The adaptive technique makes use of separate rectangular refinements to increase resolution where truncation error estimates are large. Multiple, rotated, overlapping grids are used along with an arbitrary number of discrete grid-refinement levels. Refinements are placed and removed automatically during the integration based an estimates of the truncation error in the evolving solution. The technique can be viewed as an extension of the nesting technique often used in atmospheric models. The adaptive model integrates the compressible, nonhydrostatic equations of motion. Although sound waves are not significant in the solution, they do constrain the time step. A splitting technique is used to accommodate the sound waves by advancing...
A Comparison of the First Factor of the MMPI and the First Factor of the EMMPI: The PSD Factor

The Experimental Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (EMMPI) consists of 566 nonpathological personality items, where each item is paired with a corresponding item in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) such that both items have approximately the same social desirability scale values and the proportion of True responses. The results of the secondary analysis applied separately to the 21 MMPI trait scales and to the corresponding 21 EMMPI scales indicated that their first factor loadings were congruent and both correlated highly with the proportion of items in the scales keyed for socially desirable responses. It is proposed that both the EMMPI and the MMPI first factors be named the positive self description (PSD) factor.
Percutaneous needle fasciotomy for primary Dupuytren’s contracture

This study evaluated the effect of percutaneous needle fasciotomy on primary Dupuytren’s contracture in 149 patients (213 rays) admitted to our clinic in 2007. Ninety-two patients (130 rays) were followed up for 2 years to compare the change in total passive extension deficit and the passive extension deficit across the individual joint and to note side effects. No tendon rupture or damage to sensory nerves was observed and the rehabilitation period was short (mean, 0.6 days). We found a significant change (p < 0.001) in total passive extension deficit after 2 years, but the effect of the treatment was greater in Tubiana I and II stages and our best results were in correction of MCP joint contractures. Percutaneous needle fasciotomy is an alternative treatment for elderly patients with severe comorbidity or for those patients who do not want open surgery.
The association of community violence exposure with middle-school achievement: A prospective study

This study investigated the long-term effects of exposure to community violence on academic achievement and feelings of safety in school among a large sample of urban middle-school students (N = 759). It also considered the role of depressive symptoms and aggression as mediators of the effects, and the role of parent support in buffering adolescents from these effects of violence exposure. Different patterns of effects were found for exposure to violence as witnesses or as victims. Witnessing was associated with lower levels of academic achievement over time, and these longitudinal effects were not mediated by depressive symptoms or aggression, nor were they buffered by parent support. Victimization was not related to lower levels of academic achievement and was associated with feeling less safe in school over time only for boys who reported low levels of parent support. Intervention and policy implications highlight the importance of an ecological approach in intervening to boost the academic performance of urban children placed at risk.
Optimizing membrane thickness for vanadium redox flow batteries

Abstract Two important intrinsic properties of proton exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) operation are proton conductivity and vanadium permeability. These characteristics are thickness-normalized quantities and depend on fundamental material parameters. However, the operational criteria of proton exchange membranes in these devices are the membrane resistance and vanadium crossover flux, both of which depend on membrane thickness. Herein, we explore the influence of the thickness of ion exchange capacity (IEC)-optimized sulfonated fluorinated poly(arylene ether) (SFPAE) membranes on their VRFB performance including charge/discharge behavior, charge depth, coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency, energy efficiency and cell polarization. IEC-optimized SFPAE membranes with three different thicknesses (28 μm, 45 μm and 80 μm) were prepared and tested in this study. It was found that the combined effects of the ohmic loss and electrolyte crossover loss in the VRFB, which were governed by membrane thickness, resulted in an optimal membrane thickness of 45 μm for SFPAE under the conditions tested. Thicker membranes were observed to cause higher cell resistance while thinner membranes yielded larger vanadium crossover flux, both of which had negative impacts on the cell performance. The maximum power densities of the VRFBs assembled with 28 μm, 45 μm and 80 μm SFPAE membranes were 267 mW cm−2, 311 mW cm−2 and 253 mW cm−2 respectively, much higher than that of the VRFB assembled with N212 membrane, which was 204 mW cm−2. These results supported our previous observation that SFPAE was superior to N212 with regard to VRFB performance. The data also indicated that there is an optimum membrane thickness for a given set of properties through which the cell performance can be significantly improved while keeping the membrane material constant.
URETEROSCOPIC BIOPSY OF UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA: IMPROVED DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS USING A MULTI-BIOPSY APPROACH

Purpose:: We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a ureteroscopic multi-biopsy approach to upper tract urothelial carcinoma compared with subsequently resected surgical specimens.Materials and Methods:: From 1990 to 1998, 45 upper tract lesions were ureteroscopically evaluated and biopsied with 3Fr cup forceps and/or an 11.5Fr resectoscope before nephroureterectomy or ureterectomy. A definitive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma was made by biopsy in 40 lesions (89%). Each tumor was histopathologically graded but only staged if the lamina propria were uninvolved (Ta), and if the lamina propria were invaded by tumor (T1+).Results:: Of the 40 urothelial tumors 16 (40%) were in the renal pelvis, and 8 (20%) in the proximal and 16 (40%) in the distal ureter. Of the lesions 95% were papillary and 65% were grade 2. Ureteroscopic biopsy grade matched surgical pathological grade in 31 of the 40 cases (78%), and was less than surgical pathological grade in the remainder. Lamina propria was detected in 27 of the 40 b...
Recurrent de novo mutations implicate novel genes underlying simplex autism risk

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common disorder with a strong and complex genetic component. Here, the authors resequence 64 candidate neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes in almost 6,000 samples and identify novel genes associated with ASD.
Sensitivity and cost minimization analysis of radiology versus olive palpation for the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Abstract Background/Purpose: Two strategies are commonly used for the initial diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS): (1) physical examination and (2) radiologic evaluation using upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) or sonography. The authors wished to determine the sensitivity and relative cost of each strategy. Methods: The charts of 234 patients presenting over 3 years with a history suggestive of HPS were reviewed retrospectively. Cost, expressed as mean diagnostic charges (MDC) and mean total charges (MTC), was calculated according to two theoretical models. In model A, all patients first are examined by a surgeon. If an olive is palpable, they proceed to surgery. If not, they are sent to radiology. In model B, all patients have radiologic investigation first, and then surgical evaluation if the study result is positive. Results: Of the 234 patients, 150 had HPS (64%). Olives were appreciated in 111 of these (palpation sensitivity of 74%). There was one false-positive olive (0.7%) and no falsenegatives. Sonography and UGI were equally accurate (sensitivity of 100%, 0.5% false-positive). Equations were generated to estimate MDC and MTC for our patient population under each model. In model A, MDC=$507 − ($221 × palpation sensitivity) and MTC=$2,543 − ($240 × palpation sensitivity). In model B, MDC=$449 and MTC=$2,454, and costs were independent of ability to feel an olive. When cost was plotted against palpation sensitivity, model A yielded a lower MDC than model B if palpation sensitivity was at least 26%, and a lower MTC if palpation sensitivity was at least 37%. Because our palpation sensitivity was 74%, approximately $100 per patient would be saved by sending all infants suspected of having HPS to a surgeon for examination as an initial step. Conclusions: Although highly sensitive, imaging is superfluous if an olive is palpable. Children suspected of having HPS should have a surgical consultation before a radiology study as long as the surgeon's palpation sensitivity for an olive is at least 37%. Improved palpation skills will result in maximum financial savings.
Apoptosis Regulators Bim and Fas Function Concurrently to Control Autoimmunity and CD8+ T Cell Contraction

Throughout most of adult life, lymphocyte number remains constant because of a balance of proliferation and apoptosis. Mutation of Bim, a proapoptotic protein in the intrinsic death pathway, or Fas, a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily member of the extrinsic pathway, results in late-onset autoimmunity and increased antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses during viral infection. However, virus-specific immune responses eventually return to amounts comparable to those for nonmutant mice. Here, we show that loss of both Bim and Fas function resulted in a synergistic disruption of lymphoid homeostasis, rapid-onset autoimmunity, and organ-specific blocks on contraction of antiviral immune responses. When lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific immune responses were quantitated, double-mutant mice had 100-fold more antigen-specific memory CD8(+) T cells in their lymph nodes than wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate that multiple death pathways function concurrently to prevent autoimmunity and downsize T cell responses.
Reversible Binding of Nitric Oxide to Tyrosyl Radicals in Photosystem II. Nitric Oxide Quenches Formation of the S3 EPR Signal Species in Acetate-Inhibited Photosystem II†

Continuous illumination at temperatures above 250 K of photosystem II samples which have been depleted of calcium or chloride or treated with fluoride, acetate, or ammonia results in production of a broad radical EPR signal centered at g = 2.0. This EPR signal, called the S3 EPR signal, has been attributed to an organic radical interacting with the S2 state of the oxygen-evolving complex to give the species S2X+ (X+ = organic radical). A tyrosine radical has been proposed as the species responsible for the S3 EPR signal. On the basis of experiments demonstrating that nitric oxide binds reversibly to the tyrosyl radical in ribonucleotide reductase, nitric oxide has been used to probe the S3 EPR signal in acetate-treated photosystem II. In experiments using manganese-depleted photosystem II, nitric oxide was found to bind reversibly to both redox-active tyrosines, YD* and YZ*, to form EPR-silent adducts. Next, acetate-treated photosystem II was illuminated to form the S3 EPR signal in the presence of nitric oxide to test whether the S3 EPR signal behaves like YZ*. Under conditions that produce the maximum yield of the S3 EPR signal in acetate-treated photosystem II, no S3 EPR signal was observed in the presence of nitric oxide. Upon removal of nitric oxide, the S3 EPR signal could be induced. Quenching of the S3 EPR signal by nitric oxide yielded an S2-state multiline EPR signal. Its amplitude was 45% of that found for uninhibited photosystem II illuminated at 200 K; this yield is the same as the yield of the S3 EPR signal under equivalent conditions but without nitric oxide. These results suggest that the S3 EPR signal is due to the configuration S2YZ* in which the S2 state of the oxygen-evolving complex gives a broadened multiline EPR signal as a result of exchange and dipolar interactions with YZ*. The binding of nitric oxide to YZ* to form a diamagnetic YZ-NO species uncouples the S2 state from YZ*, yielding a noninteracting S2-state multiline EPR signal species.
Insulin receptor-related receptor messenger ribonucleic acid is focally expressed in sympathetic and sensory neurons and renal distal tubule cells

The insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) demonstrates striking structural homology to the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGFR), suggesting that IRR is a member of the IR family. However, the endogenous ligand and biological role for this "orphan" receptor are unknown. To identify potential sites of action for the IRR, in situ hybridization was employed to reveal cellular patterns of IRR gene expression in the developing and adult rat and in the adult human kidney. From embryonic days 15-20, IRR mRNA is most abundant in sensory neurons of the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and, to a lesser extent, neurons of the autonomic system. IRR gene expression diminishes in the majority of sensory neurons postnatally, but remains abundant in a subpopulation of adult rat trigeminal and dorsal root ganglion neurons. IRR mRNA is localized in peripheral autonomic ganglia localized in the adrenal medulla and renal hilum in the adult. From birth to maturity, IRR mRNA is abundant in renal epithelial cells focally localized in the distal tubule in both rat and human kidney. The specificity of this pattern of IRR gene expression was demonstrated by hybridization of serial tissue sections with two different nonoverlapping cRNA probes. Nonspecific signal, as measured by IRR sense probe hybridization, was negligible. This highly restricted pattern of IRR gene expression is in marked contrast to the very widespread pattern of gene expression demonstrated by the IR and IGFR. This study showed that IRR, IR, and IGFR mRNAs were colocalized in some sensory neurons, suggesting the possibility for hybrid receptor formation in these cells. In summary, IRR gene expression is focally localized in sensory and autonomic neurons and renal distal tubule cells. These observations suggest that the IRR, in contrast to the related IR and IGFR, serves a narrow cell-specific role.
Role of lattice oxygen in the partial oxidation of methane over Rh/zirconia-doped ceria. Isotopic studies

Abstract Isotopic tracer and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) are used to probe the identity of oxygen for CO formation during the catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) of methane to synthesis gas on 18 O 2 labeled Rh (1 wt.%)/(Ce 0.56 Zr 0.44 )O 2− x . Results reveal that methane is selectively oxidized by lattice oxygen ions from the catalyst to form carbon monoxide. 18 O 2 isotopic exchange experiments, as a function of temperature in the 0–850 °C range, were performed on Rh (1 wt.%)/(Ce 0.56 Zr 0.44 )O 2− x , and (Ce 0.56 Zr 0.44 )O 2− x . It was observed that the presence of rhodium considerably accelerates the oxygen exchange with the support; the maximal exchange rates could be observed at lower temperatures, 250 °C. This may be due to oxygen spillover from the metal particles to the oxide. Comparing results from the isotopic exchange experiments on Rh/γ-alumina and Rh (1 wt.%)/(Ce 0.56 Zr 0.44 )O 2− x . It was revealed that oxygen conducting materials have a much higher oxygen storage capacity and isotopic exchange rate than non-oxygen conducting materials.
Satellite ozone measurements

Since 1960 three classes of zone sounders have been developed: (1) backscatter ultraviolet, (2) infrared limb and nadir radiance, and (3) stellar and solar occultation methods. With these techniques ozone has been measured from 20 to 100 km. Tropospheric ozone measurements are beyond present technology, but total ozone is determined with the backscatter ultraviolet and nadir infrared methods.
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism and the DSM–5 Pathological Personality Trait Model

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Personality Disorders (4th ed., American Psychiatric Association, 2000) personality disorders (PDs) that will be included in the DSM-5 will be diagnosed in an entirely different manner; the explicit criterion sets will be replaced with impairments in self and interpersonal functioning and personality traits from a 25-trait dimensional model of personality pathology. From a trait perspective, narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), the focus of this study, is assessed using 2 specific traits: grandiosity and attention seeking. Using a sample collected online from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk; N=306), we examined the relations among traits from a new measure of DSM-5's trait model--the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, in press)--and grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. The 25 traits from PID5 captured a significant portion of the variance in grandiose and vulnerable factors, although the 2 specific facets designated for the assessment of NPD fared substantially better in the assessment of grandiose rather than vulnerable narcissism. These results are discussed in the context of improving the DSM-5's ability to capture both narcissism dimensions.
Multiobjective Screening and Evaluation of Chemical Process Technologies

The need for integrated chemical processes that take economic and environmental issues into account simultaneously has increased considerably. In this paper a systematic method is described to generate and screen process alternatives and to identify promising technologies in early development stages. The method is based on a computerized generation of alternative ways to produce a given chemical and can identify feasible process alternatives depending on emission limits or other user input. It is proposed to evaluate the corresponding mass balances using the total annualized profit per service unit (TAPPS) and the material intensity per service unit (MIPS) as economic and environmental indicators, respectively. The method was applied to an industrial case study for the production of hydrogen cyanide. For our problem framing it could be shown that Blausaure−Methan−Ammoniak processes are more promising than Andrussow processes according to these indicators. The most important design parameters are the type ...
Pregnancy, labor and body image in the United States

Although substantial research has been done showing how alienation (which in Ollman's terms means that "an essential tie has been cut in the middle") manifests itself in the domain of human labor, little has been done to discover how similar processes might operate in other domains. I examine women's images of their bodies while they are pregnant, using Lakoff and Johnson's method of looking for metaphors that are presupposed in our ordinary language. I uncover several central images, all of which display a marked sense of separation of self from the parts of the body, and a passive stance in which events are described as happening to rather than being brought about by the speaker. Turning to written texts, I find that the literature on childbirth (from opposite ends of the spectrum--popular literature advocating prepared childbirth on one end and obstetrical texts for medical students on the other) holds an assumption in common: that the uterus is an involuntary muscle. This is so despite evidence to the contrary cited in the texts themselves. I explore the implications of this imagery for obstetrical treatment of 'uterine inertia' and show the similarity between this imagery and ideas about women's physiology that were current in the 19th century.
Analysis of the resistance of high-E, low-E brittle composites to failure by thermal shock

By means of the inclusion of a dispersed phase with low Young's modulus, the generally low thermal stress resistance of brittle materials for high-temperature structures can be improved significantly. An analysis of this improvement on the basis of continuum and micromechanical theory is presented in this paper. The low-E phase is shown to cause a significant decrease in Young's modulus, with a negligible effect in the coefficient of thermal expansion. The relative change in thermal conductivity is a function of the thermal conductivity of the dispersed phase. The tensile fracture stress is reduced significantly, primarily due to the mismatch in elastic properties, with smaller effects due to the mismatches in the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. The relative changes in Young's modulus and tensile fracture stress are such as to result in an increase in the strain-at-fracture and a simultaneous decrease in the elastic energy at fracture, the driving force for catastrophic crack propagation. The accompanying increase in fracture energy also contributes to the improvement of thermal shock resistance. By changing the size of the low-E inclusion, tradeoffs can be made between strain-at-fracture and elastic energy at fracture.
An X-Ray Image of the Composite Supernova Remnant SNR G16.7+0.1

We have observed the Galactic supernova remnant G16.7+0.1 for 13 ks using the EPIC cameras on board the XMM-Newton X-Ray Observatory, producing the first X-ray image of the remnant. This composite radio remnant has a core radio flux density of only 100 mJy, making it one of the faintest radio synchrotron nebulae yet detected, although the core-to-shell flux ratio at 6 cm is typical of the growing class of composite remnants. Our image is seriously contaminated by bright arcs produced by singly reflected X-rays from the X-ray binary GX 17+2, which lies just outside the field of view, providing an interesting data analysis challenge. Nonetheless, the remnant's synchrotron core is clearly detected. We report on the spectrum and intensity of the core emission as well as on our search for emission from the thermal shell and describe the constraints these observations provide on the remnant's distance, age, and central pulsar properties.
Trinucleon asymptotic normalization constants: Comparison of He-3 and H-3

Calculations of the trinucleon S- and D-wave asymptotic normalization constants, with and without Coulomb effects, are extended to include all two-body partial waves up to j\ensuremath{\le}4 (34 three-body channels). Wave functions were generated with configuration-space, Faddeev-type equations for Hamiltonians based upon the two-body forces of Reid and the Argonne group, plus the Tucson-Melbourne and Brazilian model three-body forces. Comparison with previously published results is made. Results for ${C}_{S}$, ${C}_{D}$, \ensuremath{\eta}, and ${D}_{2}$ are interpolated as a function of binding to extract best estimates for $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$. In agreement with our earlier (jl=1) calculations, we find that Coulomb effects increase the S-wave asymptotic normalization of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ by less than 1% over that of $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and that Coulomb effects decrease the D-wave asymptotic normalization of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ relative to that of $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ by about 6%. The distorted-wave Born approximation D-wave parameter ${D}_{2}^{C}$ for $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ is almost identical to ${D}_{2}$ for $^{3}\mathrm{H}$. Finally, we predict the ratio of the the D-wave to S-wave asymptotic normalization constants to be \ensuremath{\eta}${(}^{3}$H)\ensuremath{\simeq}0.046 and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{C}$${(}^{3}$He)\ensuremath{\simeq}0.043. .AE
Anatomy of the Early Cretaceous bird Rapaxavis pani, a new species from Liaoning Province, China

ABSTRACT The lacustrine deposits of the Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning Province, China have yielded a diverse avifauna representing a wide spectrum of basal lineages. Here we add to this diversity by describing the longirostrine enantiornithean taxon Rapaxavis pani gen. et sp. nov. The specimen possesses the following autapomorphies: (1) caudoateral processes of the sternum with two prominent branches and a smaller third branch, (2) paired triangular thoracic elements of unknown homology, and (3) the combination of six sacral vertebrae and six free caudal vertebrae. Otherwise, this genus is closely allied with the Yixian Formation species Longirostravis hani, sharing elongate, curving rostrum with teeth restricted to the premaxilla and rostral-most dentary, and a derived manus lacking unguals. The holotype of Rapaxavis is exquisitely preserved, with such details as distal tarsals, keratinous sheaths of the pedal unguals and some three-dimensional features of the bones intact. The holotype appears to lack a...
Relativistic Bohr Formula

SYNGE1 has discussed a relativistic extension of the Bohr formula, hv′=E′−E, for the frequency of the emitted light quantum between two levels of a quantum system: illustration where m′ and m are the total masses of the two states. Equation (1) is a simple consequence of the covariant energy-momentum conservation at the vertex m′→m+y, evaluated in the rest frame of the state with mass m′. In the rest frame of m, we have instead of (1), hv=(m′2−m2)/2mc. It is also clear that equation (1) can be written formally as hv′ = E′ − E, in the rest frame of m′2, because E′ = m′ in the rest frame of m′ and because the correct equation is hv′ = m′−E, all quantities in the rest frame of m′. If the emitted quantum is not the light quantum but any system (or system of particles) with the total invariant mass μ we obtain, again by the energy-momentum conservation at the vertex m′−m+μ, instead of (1), illustration where hv′ is the total relativistic energy of the emitted quantum. Open image in new window Open image in new window
Liquid scintillation sample analysis in microcentrifuge tubes.

Local regulations prohibiting drain disposal of «biodegradable» liquid scintillation cocktails prompted investigation of volume reduction for these materials. Microcentrifuge tubes were used with aqueous and filter media samples of - 3 H, 14 C, 32 P, and 125 I. Backgrounds, counting efficiencies, figures of merit, and spectral distributions obtained for microcentrifuge tubes compared favorably to conventional vials. Differences in 32 P spectra for solid support samples appeared related to filter material and sample volume
Impact of space on world development

Today, we meet to discuss the impact of space on world development. As a scientist; as the director of an agency of the United States Government, the National Science Foundation; and as a participant in this congress who is concerned about peace on Earth and, therefore, world development, I endorse the theme which brings us together and extend my compliments of those of you who have made this assembly possible. I am grateful that you invited me to join in this worthy task.
GROWTH INHIBITION IN GAMETOPHYTES AND OAT COLEOPTILES BY THELYPTERIN A AND B RELEASED FROM ROOTS OF THE FERN THELYPTERIS NORMALIS

A B S T R A C T Gametophytes, when grown in the immediate vicinity of a Thelypteris normalis sporophyte -in soil or in sterile culture on agar-showed a reduced number of cells and an altered gross morphology. This is attributed to the action of the thelypterins, which are inhibitors released from T. normalis sporophytes. Growth inhibition of the gametophytes was greatest when thelypterins were added during early stages of gametophyte development. Removal of thelypterin A permitted resumption of growth. Thelypterin A noncompetitively inhibited auxin-enhanced elongation of Avena coleoptiles. The growth of T. normalis root segments was not affected by thelypterins. The growth of young sporophytes of T. normalis was inhibited by mature sporophytes. GAMETOPHYTES are conspicuously absent in the immediate vicinity of an established Thelypteris normalis sporophyte, which sheds approximately 106 viable spores per frond and produces several spore-bearing fronds in one season. We have shown that their absence is caused by inhibitors released from the sporophyte roots and not by competition for minerals or light, a change in pH, or microbial inhibitors. This constitutes the first unequivocal documentation of allelopathy
High-resolution computational models of genome binding events

Direct physical information that describes where transcription factors, nucleosomes, modified histones, RNA polymerase II and other key proteins interact with the genome provides an invaluable mechanistic foundation for understanding complex programs of gene regulation. We present a method, joint binding deconvolution (JBD), which uses additional easily obtainable experimental data about chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to improve the spatial resolution of the transcription factor binding locations inferred from ChIP followed by DNA microarray hybridization (ChIP-Chip) data. Based on this probabilistic model of binding data, we further pursue improved spatial resolution by using sequence information. We produce positional priors that link ChIP-Chip data to sequence data by guiding motif discovery to inferred protein-DNA binding sites. We present results on the yeast transcription factors Gcn4 and Mig2 to demonstrate JBD's spatial resolution capabilities and show that positional priors allow computational discovery of the Mig2 motif when a standard approach fails.
Improving admission temperature in extremely low birth weight infants: a hospital-based multi-intervention quality improvement project

Objective: To reduce the incidence of hypothermia (admission temperatures <36°C) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates using a multi-intervention quality improvement (QI) initiative. Study design: We conducted a multi-intervention QI initiative to reduce hypothermia (admission temperatures <36°C) among preterm ELBW (≤1000 g birth weight) neonates born at Hutzel Women's Hospital. The QI project was conducted in three periods: period 1, traditional thermal care of drying and wrapping in towel; period 2, wrapping in plastic wrap without first drying; and period 3, periodic staff education, additional use of chemical warming mattress, and increase in operating room temperature from 20°C to 21°C. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, χ 2 , and logistic regression as appropriate. Results: In our cohort of 209 patients, baseline characteristics were comparable in the three periods except for a reduction in the need for surfactant doses in the 3 rd period. Temperature on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was significantly higher, with a reduction in hypothermia in the 3 rd period. There was no patient with a temperature of ≥37.5 ° C. On logistic regression, with gestational age, 5-min Apgar score, and mode of delivery as covariates, time period 3 was significantly associated with a reduction in the incidence of hypothermia (P=0.02). Conclusion: A concerted QI approach improved admission temperature in ELBW neonates, with more neonates in the euthermic range, without increasing the risk for hyperthermia. Such an approach could be associated with improved outcomes in this population.
Bioinspired neuromorphic module based on carbon nanotube/C60/polymer composite

It is extremely challenging to imitate neural networks with their high-speed parallel signal processing, low power consumption, and intelligent learning capability. In this work, we report a spike ...
Vaginal preparation with povidone iodine and postcesarean infectious morbidity : A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective: To determine whether vaginal preparation with povidone iodine before cesarean decreased the incidence of postpartum infectious morbidity. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to vaginal preparation with povidone iodine (n = 247) or no preparation (n = 251). Postpartum infectious morbidity included fever, defined as temperature of 38C or greater after the day of surgery; endometritis, defined as fever with abdominal or uterine tenderness and initiation of intravenous antibiotics; and wound separation, defined as disruption of the abdominal incision that required wound care. We calculated overall rates of postpartum infectious morbidity, relative risks (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of vaginal preparation. As designed and reported, the trial had at least 80% power to detect a 10% or greater absolute difference in rates of overall infectious morbidity, fever, and endometritis (two-tailed, α = 0.05). Results: There was no difference between groups in maternal age, parity, race, education, prior cesarean, type of anesthesia, labor before current cesarean, number of vaginal examinations during labor, internal monitoring, prophylactic antibiotic use, gestational age at delivery, or payment status. Excluding 68 women with chorioamnionitis, incidence of postoperative fever was 19.3%, endometritis 7.2%, and wound separation 7.0%. Vaginal preparation with povidone iodine before cesarean had no effect on risk for fever (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8, 1.6), endometritis (RR 1.6, 95% CI 0.8, 3.1), or wound separation (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3, 1.3). Conclusion: Vaginal preparation with povidone iodine before cesarean had no effect on the incidence of fever, endometritis, or wound infection.
Theory of abnormal voltages

Abnormal line-to-neutral transformer voltages may be said to be self-excited by successive alternate saturations and limited in magnitude and frequency by multiple saturations. Outline of theory is given here.
An Exploration into the Developmental Psychology of Ethical Theory with Implications for Business Practice and Pedagogy

This article is an attempt to understand ethical theory not just as a set of well-developed philosophical perspectives but as a range of moral capacities that human beings more or less grow into over the course of their lives. To this end, we explore the connection between formal ethical theories and stage developmental psychologies, showing how individuals mature morally, regarding their duties, responsibilities, ideals, goals, values, and interests. The primary method is to extract from the writings of Kohlberg and his students the cues that help to flesh out a developmental picture of a wide range of ethical perspectives. Thus, developmental psychology benefits from gaining a broader understanding of “morality” and “ethics,” and ethical theory benefits from a richer understanding of how moral maturity arises from youthful beginnings in juvenile and adolescent thinking. Results of this study offer insight into the difficulty of teaching ethics and a refined ability to assess moral maturity in business activity.
The role of the beta 4‐subunit in determining the kinetic properties of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 3‐receptors.

1. Single-channel currents were recorded from Xenopus oocytes which had been injected with complementary RNAs (cRNAs) for the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha 3 and beta 4. The co-expression of alpha 3 and beta 4 gave rise to three different channel types with conductances of 22, 18 and 13 pS. 2. The activity arising from the expression of these two subunits was compared with that observed when the alpha 3 subunit was co-expressed with an alternative beta-subunit, beta 2. The alpha 3 beta 4-receptors differed from alpha 3 beta 2-receptors in conductance, open times and most notably, in burst kinetics. The association of the beta 4-subunit with the alpha 3-subunit results in receptors which have a high probability of re-opening after closing, yielding protracted bursts of activity not observed when the alpha 3-subunit is associated with the beta 2-subunit. 3. All three alpha 3 beta 4-channel types had similar burst kinetics. However, the 13 pS conductance channels showed an additional long-lived open state to varying degrees when clusters of activity within an individual record were examined.
An event history model of student departure

Abstract This study uses a modeling technique often used in economics and other disciplines but rarely applied to educational research. The technique, known as event history modeling, is used to examine the temporal dimensions of student departure from a large research university. This approach allows researchers to remedy analytic problems often found when standard statistical procedures are used to study longitudinal events such as student departure from college. The study confirms most of the substantive findings of earlier research but we document that key explanatory variables have differential effects over time. Pinpointing the times at which students are at risk of leaving college will permit more efficient intervention strategies which could reduce the social, institutional, and individual costs often associated with leaving college before degree completion.
Synthesis of 2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine analogues and their effects on monoamine uptake, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function, and behavioral effects of nicotine.

Toward development of smoking cessation aids superior to bupropion (2), we describe synthesis of 2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine analogues 5a−5h and their effects on inhibition of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin uptake, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, acute actions of nicotine, and nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP). Several analogues encompassing aryl substitutions, N-alkylation, and alkyl extensions of the morpholine ring 3-methyl group provided analogues more potent in vitro than (S,S)-hydroxybupropion (4a) as inhibitors of dopamine or norepinephrine uptake and antagonists of nAChR function. All of the new (S,S)-5 analogues had better potency than (S,S)-4a as blockers of acute nicotine analgesia in the tail-flick test. Two analogues with highest potency at α3β4*-nAChR and among the most potent transporter inhibitors have better potency than (S,S)-4a in blocking nicotine-CPP. Collectively, these findings illuminate mechanisms of action of 2 analogues ...
d-Phenylalanine: a putative enkephalinase inhibitor studied in a primate acute pain model

D-Phenylalanine, along with morphine, acetylsalicylic acid and zomepirac sodium were evaluated for their antinociceptive actions in monkeys (M. fascicularis) trained to autoregulate nociceptive stimulation using a discrete-trials, aversive-threshold paradigm. Morphine sulfate produced dose-related increases in aversive threshold which were reversible after administration of naloxone (12.5 or 25 micrograms/kg i.m.). D-Phenylalanine (500 mg/kg p.o.) produced a small increase in aversive threshold which was not statistically significant and not naloxone reversible. Acetylsalicylic acid (200 mg/kg p.o.) but not zomepirac sodium (200 mg/kg p.o.) in combination with D-phenylalanine (500 mg/kg) produced a small statistically significant increase in aversive threshold. Our results argue against the hypothesis that D-phenylalanine is responsible for increasing aversive thresholds via opiate receptor mechanisms involving increased activity of enkephalins at synaptic loci. Previous studies by others in rats and mice showed that D-phenylalanine and acetylsalicylic acid produced increases in nociceptive thresholds which were naloxone reversible. Our failure to find opiate receptor mediated analgesia in a primate model with demonstrated opiate receptor selectivity and sensitivity is discussed in terms of previous basic and clinical research indicating an analgesic role for D-phenylalanine. Possible species difference in drug action is discussed in terms of inhibition by D-phenylalanine of carboxy-peptidase-like enkephalin processing enzymes as well as inhibition of carboxypeptidase-like enkephalin degrading enzymes.
Directed transposition of the arabinose operon: A technique for the isolation of specialized transducing bacteriophages for any Escherichia coli gene☆☆☆

Abstract An F-thr-ara ‡ episome has been inserted into the Escherichia coli chromosome at the T1 locus near the attachment site for bacteriophage φ80. From a strain carrying such an insertion, a φ80dara transducing phage was isolated. The techniques used should be applicable for the isolation of specialized transducing phages for many E. coli genes.