cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
S-adenosylhomocysteine analogues as inhibitors of specific tRNA methylation

Of 17 base- or amino acid-modified analogues of S-adenosylhomocysteine, six were found to produce at least 50% inhibition of the activity of an unfractionated tRNA methyltransferase extract at concentrations of 200 micron. The inhibitory effects of these six analogues on five purified rat liver tRNA methyltransferases were examined. The purified enzymes differed greatly in their sensitivity to the analogues. Ki values for the inhibitory analogues were determined for the three most highly purified methyltransferases. The kinetic analyses indicated that inhibition is competitive for nearly all enzyme/inhibitor combinations. The Ki values for good enzyme/inhibitor pairs were in the range of 0.11--2 micron. Each analogue appears to inhibit one methylation more strongly than others; e.g. the Ki values obtained for N6-methyl-S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine are approx. 0.4 micron for guanine-1 tRNA methyltransferase, 6 micron for adenine-1 tRNA methyltransferase and 100 micron for N2-guanine tRNA methyltransferase I. Structural features which are important for inhibitory activity are presence of a terminal amino group on the amino acid and the presence of adenosine rather than any other base. Ring nitrogens, a terminal carboxyl group and conformation at the asymmetric carbon appear to be important for some but not all of the tRNA methyltransferases examined.
Framing strategies and public support for the legalization of marriage between two people of the same sex

Over the past few decades, public debate about the legalization of marriage between people of the same sex has changed and intensified. Participants in the current debate have introduced new terms such as “same-sex couples” instead of “homosexual couples” to describe the subjects of this issue. Recently, this contentious issue has also been framed as a matter of “civil rights” rather than another case of “gay rights.” To date, however, scholars have overlooked these terminological changes and their potential effects on public support for marriage between two people of the same sex. The authors address this void using data from a 2009 national survey. An embedded survey experiment suggests that these frames have no significant impact on public opinion. Multivariate results provide additional evidence that gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, political party identification, and region shape public support for the legalization of marriage between two people of the same sex. The authors discuss the implica...
Laser Doppler anemometer measurements using nonorthogonal velocity components: error estimates

Laser Doppler anemometers (LDAs) that are arranged to measure nonorthogonal velocity components (from which orthogonal components are computed through transformation equations) are more susceptible to calibration and sampling errors than are systems with uncoupled channels. In this paper uncertainty methods and estimation theory are used to evaluate, respectively, the systematic and statistical errors that are present when such devices are applied to the measurement of mean velocities in turbulent flows. Statistical errors are estimated for two-channel LDA data that are either correlated or uncorrelated. For uncorrelated data the directional uncertainty of the measured velocity vector is considered for applications where mean streamline patterns are desired.
Moving Forward and Making a Difference: Research Priorities for the Science of Service

Given the significant, sustained growth in services experienced worldwide, Arizona State University’s Center for Services Leadership embarked on an 18-month effort to identify and articulate a set ...
Ruga mechanics of creasing: From instantaneous to setback creases

We present mechanics of surface creasing caused by lateral compression of a nonlinear neo-Hookean solid surface, with its elastic stiffness decaying exponentially with depth. Nonlinear bifurcation stability analysis reveals that neo-Hookean solid surfaces can develop instantaneous surface creasing under compressive strains greater than 0.272 but less than 0.456. It is found that instantaneous creasing is set off when the compressive strain is large enough, and the longest-admissible perturbation wavelength relative to the decay length of the elastic modulus is shorter than a critical value. A compressive strain smaller than 0.272 can only trigger bifurcation of a stable wrinkle that can prompt a setback crease upon further compression. The minimum compressive strain required to develop setback creasing is found to be 0.174. If the relative longest-admissible perturbation wavelength is long enough, then the wrinkle can fold before it creases, and the specimen can be compressed further beyond the Biot critical strain limit of 0.456. Various bifurcation branches on a plane of normalized longest-admissible wavelength versus compressive strain delineate different phases of corrugated surface configurations to form a ruga phase diagram. The phase diagram will be useful for understating surface crease, as well as for controlling ruga structures for various applications, such as designing stretchable electronics.
A retrovirus isolated from cell lines derived from neurofibromas in bicolor damselfish (Pomacentrus partitus)

Damselfish neurofibromatosis (DNF) is a naturally occurring, neoplastic disease affecting bicolor damselfish (Pomacentrus partitus) living on coral reefs in southern Florida, USA. The disease consists of multiple neurofibromas, neurofibrosarcomas and chromatophoromas and has been proposed as an animal model for neurofibromatosis type 1 in humans. DNF is transmissible by injection of crude tumour homogenates, cell-free filtrates of homogenates or cells from tumour cell lines. An analysis of tumorigenic cell lines derived from fish with spontaneous or experimentally induced DNF revealed virus particles budding from cells and present in conditioned media. The 90–110 nm particles resembled type C retroviruses. This virus exhibited a buoyant density of 1.14–1.17 g/cm2 in sucrose, at least six virus proteins of 15 to 80 kDa and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. RT activity was maximized with a poly(rC)·oligo(dG) template·primer combination and Mn2+ at a concentration of 0.5–1.0 mm. The optimum temperature for RT was determined to be 20 °C, a finding consistent with the ambient temperatures encountered by this species. This retrovirus, tentatively named damselfish neurofibromatosis virus (DNFV) may be the aetiological agent of DNF. Whether DNFV or another, as yet unidentified, virus is the cause of DNF, this agent may be unique in virus oncogenesis; neoplastic transformation of the cell types involved in DNF, Schwann cells and chromatophores, has not been documented in any other transmissible tumour.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE IN THE CHIMPANZEE; THE PERIOD OF ADOLESCENT STERILITY AND RELATED PROBLEMS

DURING a comparison of the reproductive cycles displayed by a group of ovariectomized chimpanzees with those shown prior to the operations (Young, Fish and Dorfman, 1942), our attention was attracted to certain changes and fluctuations in the character of the cycles which have occurred in every adult subject in the Orange Park colony. These changes and fluctuations were found to be associated most definitely and conspicuously with age, with pregnancy and with the season of the year. Counterparts are seen in other primates, including man, but almost without exception the effects which have been described are stated in terms of the entire reproductive cycle. With the chimpanzee it has been possible to go much farther since the sexual cycle in this species is divided into four easily identified parts corresponding to a) a short initial phase of follicular inactivity, b) a phase of follicular activity, c) a luteal phase and d) menstruation.
THEORY AND SIMULATION OF WATER PERMEATION IN AQUAPORIN-1

We discuss the difference between osmotic permeability pf and diffusion permeability pd of single-file water channels and demonstrate that the pf/pd ratio corresponds to the number of effective steps a water molecule needs to take to permeate a channel. While pd can be directly obtained from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, pf can be best determined from simulations in which a chemical potential difference of water has been established on the two sides of the channel. In light of this, we suggest a method to induce in molecular dynamics simulations a hydrostatic pressure difference across the membrane, from which pf can be measured. Simulations using this method are performed on aquaporin-1 channels in a lipid bilayer, resulting in a calculated pf of 7.1 x 10(-14) cm(3)/s, which is in close agreement with observation. Using a previously determined pd value, we conclude that pf/pd for aquaporin-1 measures approximately 12. This number is explained in terms of channel architecture and conduction mechanism.
Density modeling of polyurethane box foam

A model based on about a dozen fundamental differential equations is used to evaluate and simulate the urethane reactions and physical processes of urethane box foaming. This work focuses on quantitative modeling of foam density for foams using water and physical blowing agents. The final densities of foams range from 30 to 90% of the density as projected with full utilization of the blowing agent. The primary sources of inefficient use of blowing agent are loss of the physical blowing during open-air mixing and degassing—basically, physical blowing agents with boiling points between 25 and 80°C will evaporate and experience cell rupture in box foams. This loss of blowing agent would not apply to in-line mixers used for commercial production and should be taken into account with scaling up box or cup foams commercial processes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1503–1511, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of growth rate on the physiological response of marine Synechococcus to phosphate limitation

Phosphate (P) is an important nutrient potentially limiting for primary productivity, yet, we currently know little about the relationship between growth rate and physiological response to P limitation in abundant marine Cyanobacteria. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine how variation in growth rate affected the physiology of marine Synechococcus WH8102 and CC9311 when growing under high N:P conditions. Experiments were carried out in chemostats with a media input N:P of 441 and we estimated the half saturation concentration for growth under P limiting conditions (Ks,p) and cellular C:N:P ratios. The Ks,P values were the lowest measured for any phytoplankton and on par with ambient P concentrations in oligotrophic regions. We also observed that both strains were able draw down P below 4nM. Both Ks,p and drawdown concentration were lower for the open ocean vs. coastal Synechococcus strain, which may be linked to differences in P acquisition genes in these strains. Cellular C:P and N:P ratios were significantly higher in relation to the Redfield ratio for both Synechococcus strains but we saw no difference in these ratios among growth rates or strains. These results demonstrate that Synechococcus can proliferate under very low P conditions and also that genetically different strains have unique physiological responses to P limitation.
Persisting Natural Vegetation in Northern Queens County, New York, With Proposals for its Conservation

Northern Queens County, on western Long Island, has approximately 5% or less of its 145 km2 area occupied by vegetation that is still essentially natural. The history, climate, geology, and soil, of the region are discussed, and the importance of glacial geology in an understanding of the vegetation is emphasized. Vegetation is outlined for a series of upland, freshwater, and salt-influenced, types. The variants of the oak-dominated forest are presented in a table. The following freshwater vegetation types are listed: swamp and riparian forest, shrub swamp, marshes, and floating and submerged aquatic vegetation. Salt-influenced types include: tall cordgrass, salt meadow, and salt shrub swamp. The antiquity of this vegetation is suggested by its uniformity over a time-span of 50–60 or more years since its original description as natural vegetation. Extinct and endangered types are mentioned, and general sources of human impact on all persisting types are discussed. Recommendations are made for preservation, reclamation, and re-creation, of natural vegetation. Specifically, it is recommended that all persisting areas harbouring natural vegetation be preserved immediately and in perpetuity. It will be interesting to see, in due course, how effective this can be within the confines of one of the world's greatest conurbations. Consideration of topo-edaphic variation in planning for preservation is emphasized. This point is illustrated with reference to the major vegetation of northern Queens County, namely oak forest. Almost all of the typical ‘plateau upland’ forest has been lost, even though preservation of the diversity of the rich, but atypical, end moraine forests seems adequate.It is hoped that this article will stimulate investigation into means of re-creating some of the original vegetation types, in order to provide as great a representation as possible, and to alleviate the human impact on the endangered surviving types.
Minimum-Time Optimal Control of Many Robots that Move in the Same Direction at Different Speeds

In this paper, we solve the minimum-time optimal control problem for a group of robots that can move at different speeds but that must all move in the same direction. We are motivated to solve this problem because constraints of this sort are common in micro-scale and nano-scale robotic systems. By application of the minimum principle, we obtain necessary conditions for optimality and use them to guess a candidate control policy. By showing that the corresponding value function is a viscosity solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, we verify that our guess is optimal. The complexity of finding this policy for arbitrary initial conditions is only quasilinear in the number of robots, and in fact is dominated by the computation of a planar convex hull. We extend this result to consider obstacle avoidance by explicit parameterization of all possible optimal control policies, and show examples in simulation.
Hemodynamic implications of left bundle branch block

Left bundle branch block (LBBB), traditionally viewed as an electrophysiologic abnormality, is increasingly recognized for its profound hemodynamic effects. LBBB causes asynchronous myocardial activation, which, in turn, may trigger ventricular remodeling. Exercise nuclear studies frequently show reversible perfusion defects in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease and some patients with intermittent LBBB develop angina coincident with the onset of LBBB. It is uncertain, however, if these phenomena are because of myocardial ischemia or ventricular asynergy. LBBB is associated with impaired systolic and diastolic function. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), LBBB is accompanied by progressive left ventricular (LV) dilatation and mitral regurgitation. It is not known whether LBBB is the cause or the consequence of LV dilatation. DCM patients with LBBB, as compared to those with normal intraventricular conduction, are more likely to have a nonischemic etiology, profound LV dilatation, lower ejection fraction, increased symptomatology, and shorter survival. Patients with DCM and acceleration-dependent LBBB may benefit from restoration of a narrow QRS complex by suppressing the heart rate with beta-blocker. There is extensive research underway in patients with DCM and LBBB to evaluate the short and long-term effects of normalization of ventricular activation sequence with high septal, LV, or biventricular pacing.
Factors Affecting Readmission Rates Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Readmissions following total hip arthroplasty are a focus given the forthcoming financial penalties that hospitals in the United States may incur starting in 2015. The purpose of this study was to identify both preoperative comorbidities and postoperative conditions that increase the risk of readmission following total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Using the American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data for 2011, a study population was identified using the Current Procedural Terminology code for primary total hip arthroplasty (27130). The sample was stratified into readmitted and non-readmitted cohorts. Demographic variables, preoperative comorbidities, laboratory values, operative characteristics, and surgical outcomes were compared between the groups using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Of the 9441 patients, there were 345 readmissions (3.65%) within the first thirty days following surgery. Comorbidities that increased the risk for readmission were diabetes (p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001), bleeding disorders (p < 0.001), preoperative blood transfusion (p = 0.035), corticosteroid use (p < 0.001), dyspnea (p = 0.001), previous cardiac surgery (p = 0.002), and hypertension (p < 0.001). A multivariate regression model was used to control for potential confounders. Having a body mass index of ≥40 kg/m2 (odds ratio, 1.941 [95% confidence interval, 1.019 to 3.696]; p = 0.044) and using corticosteroids preoperatively (odds ratio, 2.928 [95% confidence interval, 1.731 to 4.953]; p < 0.001) were independently associated with a higher likelihood of readmission, and a high preoperative serum albumin (odds ratio, 0.688 [95% confidence interval, 0.477 to 0.992]; p = 0.045) was independently associated with a lower risk for readmission. Postoperative surgical site infection, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and sepsis (p < 0.001) were also independent risk factors for readmission. Conclusions: The risk of readmission following total hip arthroplasty increases with growing preoperative comorbidity burden, and is specifically increased in patients with a body mass index of ≥40 kg/m2, a history of corticosteroid use, and low preoperative serum albumin and in patients with postoperative surgical site infection, a thromboembolic event, and sepsis. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Mycoplasma viruses: isolation, physicochemical, and biological properties.

AbstractNow, five years after the discovery of the first Mycoplasmatales virus, is perhaps an appropriate time to assemble the information that has become available on these new agents, to examine it critically, and to suggest prospects for future research in this field. This is the purpose of this review.
The San Bernardino, California, Terror Attack: Two Emergency Departments’ Response

On December 2, 2015, a terror attack in the city of San Bernardino, California killed 14 Americans and injured 22 in the deadliest attack on U.S. soil since September 11, 2001. Although emergency personnel and law enforcement officials frequently deal with multi-casualty incidents (MCIs), what occurred that day required an unprecedented response. Most of the severely injured victims were transported to either Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC) or Arrowhead Regional Medical Center (ARMC). These two hospitals operate two designated trauma centers in the region and played crucial roles during the massive response that followed this attack. In an effort to shed a light on our response to others, we provide an account of how these two teaching hospitals prepared for and coordinated the medical care of these victims. In general, both centers were able to quickly mobilize large number of staff and resources. Prior disaster drills proved to be invaluable. Both centers witnessed excellent teamwork and coordination involving first responders, law enforcement, administration, and medical personnel from multiple specialty services. Those of us working that day felt safe and protected. Although we did identify areas we could have improved upon, including patchy communication and crowd-control, they were minor in nature and did not affect patient care. MCIs pose major challenges to emergency departments and trauma centers across the country. Responding to such incidents requires an ever-evolving approach as no two incidents will present exactly alike. It is our hope that this article will foster discussion and lead to improvements in management of future MCIs.
Sufficient catheter length for pneumothorax needle decompression: a meta-analysis.

Introduction Needle thoracostomy is the prehospital treatment for tension pneumothorax. Sufficient catheter length is necessary for procedural success. The authors of this study determined minimum catheter length needed for procedural success on a percentile basis. Methods A meta-analysis of existing studies was conducted. A Medline search was performed using the search terms: needle decompression, needle thoracentesis, chest decompression, pneumothorax decompression, needle thoracostomy, and tension pneumothorax. Studies were included if they published a sample size, mean chest wall thickness, and a standard deviation or confidence interval. A PubMed search was performed in a similar fashion. Sample size, mean chest wall thickness, and standard deviation were found or calculated for each study. Data were combined to create a pooled dataset. Normal distribution of data was assumed. Procedural success was defined as catheter length being equal to or greater than the chest wall thickness. Results The Medline and PubMed searches yielded 773 unique studies; all study abstracts were reviewed for possible inclusion. Eighteen papers were identified for full manuscript review. Thirteen studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Pooled sample statistics were: n=2,558; mean=4.19 cm; and SD=1.37 cm. Minimum catheter length needed for success at the 95th percentile for chest wall size was found to be 6.44 cm. Discussion A catheter of at least 6.44 cm in length would be required to ensure that 95% of the patients in this pooled sample would have penetration of the pleural space at the site of needle decompression, and therefore, a successful procedure. These findings represent Level III evidence. Clemency BM , Tanski CT , Rosenberg M , May PR , Consiglio JD , Lindstrom HA . Sufficient Catheter Length for Pneumothorax Needle Decompression: A Meta-Analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):1 5
Polypharmacy in the Aging Patient: A Review of Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Importance There is substantial uncertainty about optimal glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Observations Four large randomized clinical trials (RCTs), ranging in size from 1791 to 11 440 patients, provide the majority of the evidence used to guide diabetes therapy. Most RCTs of intensive vs standard glycemic control excluded adults older than 80 years, used surrogate end points to evaluate microvascular outcomes and provided limited data on which subgroups are most likely to benefit or be harmed by specific therapies. Available data from randomized clinical trials suggest that intensive glycemic control does not reduce major macrovascular events in older adults for at least 10 years. Furthermore, intensive glycemic control does not lead to improved patient-centered microvascular outcomes for at least 8 years. Data from randomized clinical trials consistently suggest that intensive glycemic control immediately increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia 1.5- to 3-fold. Based on these data and observational studies, for the majority of adults older than 65 years, the harms associated with a hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) target lower than 7.5% or higher than 9% are likely to outweigh the benefits. However, the optimal target depends on patient factors, medications used to reach the target, life expectancy, and patient preferences about treatment. If only medications with low treatment burden and hypoglycemia risk (such as metformin) are required, a lower HbA 1c target may be appropriate. If patients strongly prefer to avoid injections or frequent fingerstick monitoring, a higher HbA 1c target that obviates the need for insulin may be appropriate. Conclusions and Relevance High-quality evidence about glycemic treatment in older adults is lacking. Optimal decisions need to be made collaboratively with patients, incorporating the likelihood of benefits and harms and patient preferences about treatment and treatment burden. For the majority of older adults, an HbA 1c target between 7.5% and 9% will maximize benefits and minimize harms.
Integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

A new integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation is introduced. It possesses a Lax pair and an infinite number of conservation laws and is PT symmetric. The inverse scattering transform and scattering data with suitable symmetries are discussed. A method to find pure soliton solutions is given. An explicit breathing one soliton solution is found. Key properties are discussed and contrasted with the classical nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution

The article reviews the book “Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution,” by Michael Hammer and James Champy.
Letter by Stone and Mintz Regarding Article, “Unreliable Assessment of Necrotic Core by Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound in Porcine Coronary Artery Disease”

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Thim et al1 in which no correlation was found between the size of necrotic core determined by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH IVUS) and actual histology in adult atherosclerosis-prone minipigs. The authors' implication that caution is therefore warranted “in the interpretation of [human] studies relying on VH IVUS for monitoring of treatment effects, event prediction, and validation of other imaging modalities” would appear to exceed what may reliably be concluded from this study on several grounds. First, although the authors acknowledge that coregistration of VH IVUS frames and histological sections may be problematic, IVUS images are sampled every 0.5 mm on average, compared to every 4 mm for pathological sections in the study by Thim et al, introducing even greater error in matching (which cannot be overcome by use of …
The stability study on coenzyme Q_(10) natural vitamin E soft capsules

Objective To investigate the stability of natural vitamin E coenzyme Q10 soft capsules with different formula.Methods The content of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E of coenzyme Q10 soft capsule samples with different formulas were analyzed quantitatively with high performance liquid chromatogram( HPLC) and gas chromatogram( GC) respectively. At the same time,the existing forms of coenzyme Q10 were also determined. Results In the formulas with only coenzyme Q10 or coenzyme Q10 combined with vitamin E( d-α-tocopherol acetate) as active ingredients,the existing form of coenzyme Q10 was oxidized form( Co Q10),both coenzyme Q10 and d-α-tocopherol acetate were stable during the accelerated stability test.In the formula with coenzyme Q10 combined with vitamin E( d-α-tocopherol) as active ingredients,both oxidized coenzyme Q10( Co Q10) and reduced coenzyme Q10( Co Q10H2) existed,Co Q10 content decreased and Co Q10H2 content increased,the total amount showed no significant difference before and after the accelerated stability test,while the d-α-tocopherol amount reduced to a certain degree. Conclusion The formulas with only coenzyme Q10 or coenzyme Q10 combined with vitamin E( d-α-tocopherol acetate) were stable. In the formula with coenzyme Q10 combined with vitamin E( d-α-tocopherol),Co Q10 would be converted into Co Q10H2 and the d-α-tocopherol content decrease.
Capture of harmful radioactive contaminants from off-gas stream using porous solid sorbents for clean environment – A review

Abstract Nuclear energy production is growing rapidly worldwide to satisfy increasing energy demands. Reprocessing of used nuclear fuel (UNF) is expected to play an important role for sustainable development of nuclear energy by increasing the energy extracted from the fuel and reducing the generation of the high level waste (HLW). However, during the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel (UNF) gaseous radioactive nuclides including iodine, krypton, xenon, carbon, and tritium are released into the atmosphere through off-gas streams. The volatile iodine (129I), and krypton (85Kr) gases have long lived-isotopes; which have adverse effects on the environment as well as human health. Consequently, the capture of these two target radionuclides (species) is essential for the enhanced growth of nuclear energy. In this review we discuss several techniques for capture of volatile contaminants iodine, krypton, and xenon, focusing upon adsorption using solid sorbents, which has shown promising results for more than 70 years. Commonly used and recently developed sorbents are summarized in this article along with a short review of the results. Metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs), gaining favor in recent years as sorbents for the capture of off-gas contaminants are also discussed. Finally, some considerations of future trends and prospects for investigations of the capture of volatile radionuclides are presented.
Wall Street and Main Street: Banking Regulations and the Real Economy

There is an abundance of literature on the impact of financial development on the economic growth of a country. Not all economists agree on this issue. The debate originated from the differing opinions of Robinson (1952, 1979), who believed that the causality ran from economic growth to financial development, as countries with good growth prospects were the ones that were more likely to develop their financial sector, and Schumpeter (1912), who said that the causality was from financial development to growth, as a country stymied by inadequate financial capital could not grow.1 2
Retrieval Analysis of Neck-Stem Coupling in Modular Hip Prostheses.

Abstract Background Dual-taper modular stems have suffered from high revision rates caused by adverse local tissue reactions secondary to fretting and corrosion. We compared the fretting and corrosion behavior of a group of modular neck designs to that of a design that had been recalled for risks associated with fretting and corrosion at the modular neck junction. Methods We previously analyzed fretting and corrosion on 60 retrieved Rejuvenate modular neck-stem implants. Here we compare those results to results from 26 retrieved implants from 7 other modular neck designs. For the 26 additional cases, histology slides of tissue collected at revision were reviewed and graded for aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL). Multivariate analyses were performed to assess differences in fretting and corrosion, adjusting for confounding factors (eg, length of implantation). Results The Rejuvenate design had higher damage and corrosion scores than the other 7 designs ( P P P P = .02) scores than non-mixed metal couples. Conclusion Fretting and corrosion occurred on all modular neck-stem retrievals regardless of design. However, mixed metal couples suffered more corrosion than homogenous couples. This may be due to the lower modulus of the titanium alloy used for the stem, allowing for increased metal transfer and surface damage when loaded against a cobalt alloy modular neck, which in turn could account for the higher ALVAL and corrosion scores. Due to increased corrosion risk with mixed metals and increased neck fracture risk with non-mixed metal stem and necks, we suggest that clinicians avoid implantation of modular neck-stem systems.
News, Conflict and Environment as Social Constructions

Using an innovative approach that encompasses perspectives from media studies, political ecology and political ecology, Pinto, Prado and Tirado examine the body of literature that views the connections between environment and society. With a particular focus on Latin America, the chapter provides a much-needed overview of environment, news and protest as social constructions. Mediated discourse surrounding environmental debate provides an opportunity to explore how local protest is scaled up to national and global levels, or marginalized and prevented from entering public sphere debate. As well as looking at the literature informing the book’s conceptual approach, the chapter also explains the methodology employed here, which encompasses both qualitative and quantitative content analysis, as well as dozens of interviews with the journalists who reported the news.
Detection and diagnosis of colitis on computed tomography using deep convolutional neural networks.

Purpose Colitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the colon that is frequently associated with infection and allergic reactions. In this paper, we propose deep convolutional neural networks methods for lesion-level colitis detection and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for patient-level colitis diagnosis on routine abdominal CT scans. Methods The recently-developed Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster RCNN) is utilized for lesion-level colitis detection. For each 2D slice, rectangular region proposals are generated by region proposal networks (RPN). Then, each region proposal is jointly classified and refined by a softmax classifier and bounding box regressor. Two convolutional neural networks, 8 layers of ZF net and 16 layers of VGG net are compared for colitis detection. Finally, for each patient, the detections on all 2D slices are collected and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is applied to develop a patient-level diagnosis. We trained and evaluated our method with 80 colitis patients and 80 normal cases using 4×4-fold cross validation. Results For lesion-level colitis detection, with ZF net, the mean of average precisions (mAP) were 48.7% and 50.9% for RCNN and Faster RCNN, respectively. The detection system achieved sensitivities of 51.4% and 54.0% at 2 false positives per patient for RCNN and Faster RCNN, respectively. With VGG net, Faster RCNN increased the AP to 56.9% and increased the sensitivity to 58.4% at 2 false positive per patient. For patient-level colitis diagnosis, with ZF net, the average areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.978±0.009 and 0.984±0.008 for RCNN and Faster RCNN method, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant with p=0.18. At the optimal operating point, the RCNN method correctly identified 90.4% (72.3/80) of the colitis patients and 94.0% (75.2/80) of normal cases. The sensitivity improved to 91.6% (73.3/80) and the specificity improved to 95.0% (76.0/80) for the Faster RCNN method. With VGG net, Faster RCNN increased the AUC to 0.986±0.007 and increased the diagnosis sensitivity to 93.7% (75.0/80) and specificity was unchanged at 95.0% (76.0/80). Conclusion Colitis detection and diagnosis by deep neural networks is accurate and promising for future clinical application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Racial/ethnic disparity in the associations of smoking status with uncontrolled hypertension subtypes among hypertensive subjects.

Background Racial/ethnic differences in the associations of smoking with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) and its subtypes (isolated uncontrolled systolic BP (SBP), uncontrolled systolic-diastolic BP, and isolated uncontrolled diastolic BP (DBP)) have not been investigated among diagnosed hypertensive subjects. Methods A sample of 7,586 hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010. Race/ethnicity was classified into Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black. Smoking was categorized as never smoking, ex-smoking, and current smoking. Uncontrolled BP was determined as SBP≥140 or DBP≥90 mm Hg. Isolated uncontrolled SBP was defined as SBP≥140 and DBP<90 mm Hg, uncontrolled SDBP as SBP≥140 and DBP≥90 mm Hg, and isolated uncontrolled DBP as SBP<140 and DBP≥90 mm Hg. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of uncontrolled BP and its subtypes were calculated using weighted logistic regression models. Results The interaction effect of race and smoking was significant after adjustment for the full potential confounding covariates (Adjusted p = 0.0412). Compared to never smokers, current smokers were 29% less likely to have uncontrolled BP in non-Hispanic whites (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56–0.90), although the likelihood for uncontrolled BP is the same for smokers and never smokers in Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks. Current smokers were 26% less likely than never smokers to have isolated uncontrolled SBP in non-Hispanic whites (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58–0.95). However, current smoking is associated with an increased likelihood of uncontrolled systolic-diastolic BP in non-Hispanic blacks, and current smokers in this group were 70% more likely to have uncontrolled systolic-diastolic BP than never smokers (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.10–2.65). Conclusion The associations between current smoking and uncontrolled BP differed over race/ethnicity. Health practitioners may need to be especially vigilant with non-Hispanic black smokers with diagnosed hypertension.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Psychological Flexibility and Bisexuality

ABSTRACTThe flexibility model of bisexuality views bisexuality as the successful integration of homosexual and heterosexual identities into a dual sexual orientation. In addition, the model charact...
Gender Differences in Reactions to Mental Illness Labeling: The Role of Agency and Communion

Numerous individual characteristics influence responses to receiving a mental health diagnosis, including gender. This study sought to determine how gender influences reactions to being labeled as ...
Age-related differences in gene expression in colorectal cancer (CRC).

654Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) in young patients is increasing in incidence and is associated with worse outcomes than CRC in older patients. While distinct molecular subtypes of CRC have b...
HIV as social and ecological experience

The spread and varied impacts of the HIV/AIDS epidemic demonstrate the complex and reciprocal relationships between the socio-political and biophysical dimensions of human health. Yet even with increasing research and policy attention there remain critical gaps in the literature on how HIV-positive households manage health through their engagement with social and ecological systems. This is particularly urgent given improvements in the global response to the epidemic, whereby expanded access to antiretroviral therapy has extended the possibility for survival for years or decades. Because many HIV-positive families and communities in the Global South remain dependent upon a diverse set of resources to generate income and meet subsistence needs, the impacts of disease must be understood within a mix of social processes, including the maintenance of land and collection of natural resources. Similarly, biophysical systems disrupted by HIV/AIDS vary depending upon resource use and locally-specific dynamics that influence opportunities for agrarian production. This paper reports on the findings from a structured survey completed in three communities in northeast South Africa in 2013 that is integrated with focus group discussions and qualitative interviews conducted from 2012-2016. We concentrate upon the diverse ways that individuals and families experience HIV through livelihood systems that are reliant on economic and natural resources. Because the access and use of these resources are mediated by existing social, cultural, and institutional systems, as well as historical spatial economies, we analyze how this produces differential lived experiences for HIV-positive individuals and households in the age of expanded access to antiretroviral therapy.
UTBSOI MOSFET with corner spacers for energy-efficient applications

Parasitic capacitance is a critical challenge in improving the device and circuit performance in nanoscale devices like the UTBSOI MOSFET and FinFET. Scaling the contact pitch decreases the separation between the gate and the source/drain contacts which increases the contribution of parasitic capacitance to the total capacitance as the devices are scaled. According to ITRS 2.0, the parasitic capacitance should be limited to be less than 60% of the total capacitance [1]. For sub- 20 nm node devices, introduction of source/drain underlaps improves the short-channel performance [2]. The additional resistance due to underlaps can be reduced by the introduction of higher-K spacers [3,4], and dual-K spacers trading-off parasitic capacitance [5-7]. On the other end, since air or vacuum has a dielectric constant of 1, vacuum or air-gap spacers can reduce the parasitic capacitance [8-12]. In underlapped nanoscale devices, corner spacer design in which a higher-K oxide is present only in the bottom corner of the gate and the rest of the spacer consists of a lower-K dielectric will be required to simultaneously reduce underlap resistance and parasitic capacitance [13-15]. Fig. 1 shows the different spacer design options explored such as the full spacer, dual-K spacer and corner spacer. The full spacer has a single dielectric material. The dual-K spacer has an inner higher-K and an outer lower-K dielectric. The corner spacer has a higher-K dielectric present only at the bottom corner of the gate and the rest of the spacer region is made up of a lower-K dielectric. The impact of corner spacer design on UTBSOI MOSFET has not been studied. In this paper, using TCAD simulations, we design and optimize corner spacer for UTBSOI MOSFET for the 11/10 nm node.
Vitamin A deficiency: serum cortisol and humoral immunity in lambs.

Serum cortisol and antigen-specific and polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were measured to investigate the relationship between vitamin A status and immune function in lambs. Twenty-four 3-mo-old crossbred ewe lambs weighing approximately 10 kg were each fed 900 g/d of a carotene-deficient diet. The 12 control lambs also received a 100,000 IU oral dose of vitamin A palmitate every 2 wk. All lambs were given primary and secondary antigenic challenges. Lambs were slaughtered at the end of the secondary challenge period. Liver vitamin A concentrations were greater (P less than .001) in the control animals (69.5 vs 1.3 micrograms/g wet tissue). Both groups of lambs exhibited a similar growth response until d 105, after which daily gain of the control lambs exceeded (P less than .03) that of the A-deficient lambs. Polyclonal serum IgG concentrations were greater (P less than .05) in the A-deficient lambs on d 49 to 124 and on d 151 (P less than .10). Ovalbumin-specific serum IgG concentrations tended to be greater in the control lambs throughout the primary and secondary challenge periods. Control lambs had greater titers on d 164 (P less than .07) and d 190 (P less than .03). Vitamin A status appeared to have no consistent effects on serum cortisol concentrations. Spleen weights were greater (P less than .002) in the A-deficient lambs. Lungs from 11 of 12 A-deficient lambs contained abscesses, as opposed to 1 of 12 for the control lambs. Both polyclonal and antigen-specific IgG concentrations were affected by vitamin A status. Serum cortisol concentrations did not appear to mediate this effect.
Lysosomal Activation Is a Compensatory Response Against Protein Accumulation and Associated Synaptopathogenesis—An Approach for Slowing Alzheimer Disease?

Previous reports suggest that age-related lysosomal disturbances contribute to Alzheimer-type accumulations of protein species, blockage of axonal/dendritic transport, and synaptic decline. Here, we tested the hypothesis that lysosomal enzymes are upregulated as a compensatory response to pathogenic protein accumulation. In the hippocampal slice model, tau deposits and amyloidogenic fragments induced by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine were accompanied by disrupted microtubule integrity and by corresponding declines in postsynaptic glutamate receptors and the presynaptic marker synaptophysin. In the same slices, cathepsins B, D, and L, beta-glucuronidase, and elastase were upregulated by 70% to 135%. To address whether this selective activation of the lysosomal system represents compensatory signaling, N-Cbz-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanyl-diazomethylketone (PADK) was used to enhance the lysosome response, generating 4- to 8-fold increases in lysosomal enzymes. PADK-mediated lysosomal modulation was stable for weeks while synaptic components remained normal. When PADK and chloroquine were co-infused, chloroquine no longer increased cellular tau levels. To assess pre-existing pathology, chloroquine was applied for 6 days after which its removal resulted in continued degeneration. In contrast, enhancing lysosomal activation by replacing chloroquine after 6 days with PADK led to clearance of accumulated protein species and restored microtubule integrity. Transport processes lost during chloroquine exposure were consequently re-established, resulting in marked recovery of synaptic components. These data indicate that compensatory activation of lysosomes follows protein accumulation events, and that lysosomal modulation represents a novel approach for treating Alzheimer disease and other protein deposition diseases.
Aristotle's Dramatic Theories Applied To Dance Criticism

Abstract Aristotle's Poetics, written in the fourth century, B.C., is the first known treatise on the dramatic art. Over 2000 years later, it is still widely used and respected as a theory of dramatic criticism. This paper is an application of Aristotle's theories to the criticism of dances, particularly those with dramatic structure and/or origins. Of particular relevance are 1) Aristotle's treatment of the aesthetic concepts of unity and causality and 2) his definition of tragedy which identifies a) the objects of poetic imitation as plot, character, and thought; b) the means of poetic imitation as diction and melody; and c) the manner of poetic imitation as dramatic with the use of spectacle. Sufficient parallels can be identified between the tragic dramatic form and the dramatic dance form to suggest that the above concepts are applicable and essential, not only to the tragic drama, but to the successful dramatic dance as well. This paper also discusses the ways in which the choreographer and/or the critic of dramatic dances can implement Aristotle's concepts of unity and causality as well as his ideas regarding the components of tragedy to enrich, improve, and clarify the quality of such dances.
PC Software graphics tool for conceptual design of space/planetary electrical power systems

This paper describes the Decision Support System (DSS), a personal computer software graphics tool for designing conceptual space and/or planetary electrical power systems. By using the DSS, users can obtain desirable system design and operating parameters, such as system weight, electrical distribution efficiency, and bus power. With this tool, a large-scale specific power system was designed in a matter of days. It is an excellent tool to help designers make tradeoffs between system components, hardware architectures, and operation parameters in the early stages of the design cycle. The DSS is a user-friendly, menu-driven tool with online help and a custom graphical user interface. An example design and results are illustrated for a typical space power system with multiple types of power sources, frequencies, energy storage systems, and loads.