cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who, what, and how: a survey of informal and professional Web developers

We describe a survey of Web developers in which we collected over 300 responses from individuals with widely varying levels of experience and training. This survey continues our studies of informal Web developers, loosely defined as those who develop Web sites but have not been trained as programmers. They are a growing segment of end user programmers, but very little is known about them, and this survey was aimed at helping to characterize this population. In this paper we report on survey questions probing Web development projects, tool use, development process, reuse, and learning and collaboration. Throughout the discussion we compare the responses of developers who self-identify as programmers with those who do not. We use these comparisons as a basis for discussion of tools that might assist nonprogrammers in Web development.
Application of Self-Configurability for Autonomous, Highly-Localized Self-Regulation

In this paper, key features of biological vs. artificial systems are identified, along with a synopsis of important consequences of those features. An artificial substrate that contains these key features is introduced, and examples of the use of those features are given. The concept of an electronic stem cell is described, and its characteristics and subsystems are presented. Electronic stem cells offer a means of configuring a large number of autonomous computational "cells" for a given task. The electronic stem cell has properties similar to the biological counterpart, namely the abilities to self-replicate and to differentiate. This paper presents a design for a reconfigurable building block that can function similar to a biological stem cell, but in the domain of electronic circuitry. The goal is for a single electronic stem cell to, in effect, "grow" into an organism, or in this case, into a desired electronic circuit.
Generalized Stability Theory. Part II: Nonautonomous Operators

Abstract An extension of classical stability theory to address the stability of perturbations to time-dependent systems is described. Nonnormality is found to play a central role in determining the stability of systems governed by nonautonomous operators associated with time-dependent systems. This pivotal role of nonnormality provides a conceptual bridge by which the generalized stability theory developed for analysis of autonomous operators can be extended naturally to nonautonomous operators. It has been shown that nonnormality leads to transient growth in autonomous systems, and this result can be extended to show further that time-dependent nonnormality of nonautonomous operators is capable of sustaining this transient growth leading to asymptotic instability. This general destabilizing effect associated with the time dependence of the operator is explored by analysing parametric instability in periodic and aperiodic time-dependent operators. Simple dynamical systems are used as examples including th...
Selective muscarinic receptor antagonists for airway diseases.

Abstract Airway tone and airway hyperreactivity are mediated by the parasympathetic nerves that release acetylcholine onto muscarinic receptors (M 1 –M 5 ). Stimulation of M 1 and M 3 muscarinic receptors causes bronchoconstriction. The M 1 muscarinic receptor is excitatory, and facilitates neuronal transmission at the parasympathetic ganglion. The M 2 receptor is an inhibitory prejunctional autoreceptor. The discovery of discrete muscarinic receptor subtypes prompted development of selective muscarinic receptor antagonists. Selective M 3 receptor antagonists and antagonists selective for M 1 and M 3 receptors have recently entered clinical trials and offer much promise for the treatment of airways diseases.
3-D object representation from multi-view range data applying deformable superquadrics

This paper presents a new framework for recovering superquadrics with global deformations from multi-view real range data. The framework aims at improving confidence and accuracy of recovered models by utilizing multiview information, and consists of the initial superquadric model recovery, view registration, view integration, and final model recovery from integrated data. A quadrant analysis technique is proposed to aid the recovery of bending superquadrics. A modified range data registration method based on recovered superquadrics is also proposed to handle tapered superquadrics. Experimental results indicate the proposed framework of multi-view representation significantly improved the accuracy and confidence of recovered superquadrics compared with existing recovery strategies which rely on single-view range images.
Synthesis of additional endotoxins in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan significantly improves their mosquitocidal efficacy.

Abstract A fundamental principal of resistance management is that the more complex and potent a toxin mixture, the slower resistance will develop to the mixture in an insect population. Thus, to develop more complex and potent mosquitocidal bacteria, we genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, to synthesize, respectively, the binary (Bin) toxin of Bacillus sphaericus or a combination of Bin and the Cyt1A protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Engineering these two larvicidal bacteria in general significantly improved their efficacy against fourth instars in comparison with their wild-type parental strains. For B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14, which naturally synthesizes Cyt1A, synthesis of Bin improved efficacy nine-fold (LC50 from 4.5 to 0.5 ng/ml) against Culex quinquefasciatus Say, although no improvement was observed (LC50 of 2 ng/ml for both strains) against Aedes aegypti L. For B. thuringiensis subsp. je...
Condom ads miss the mark.

Sexually transmitted diseases are among the largest and most pervasive of public health concerns. The federal government has used television to advertise and support condom use. The author however thinks that such promotional campaigns reach too broad of an audience and should be targeted to only those groups at highest risk of contracting and transmitting HIV. He is involved with a program which targets only St. Louis school children. The program teaches students the benefits of safe sex promotes abstinence and encourages them to seek medical attention if they suspect they are infected with a sexually transmitted disease. The author continues in arguing that most adults who have unprotected sex with multiple partners are aware of the risks and will not change their practices as a result of television advertisements.
The Evolving Threat Environment

This chapter addresses the dynamics of the changing security landscape, driven by the rising business risk exposure of transnational organized crime, cyber crimes, piracy, and the emerging terrorist capabilities, resulting in adversaries changing tactics and target selection. The crime and terrorist waves are happening on a global basis, as well as across the landscape of our society. These evolving threats have taken many seasoned security professionals and chief executive officers to task in finding practicable and workable solutions to protect the general welfare of corporations and their respective image, brand, reputation, and business interests. Actual case histories are offered throughout the narrative to emphasize the degree of importance these actions have on the threat landscape.
Abstract 3542: Novel Differences in a Mouse Model of Hyperglycemia after Cerebral Ischemia

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term adult disability in the United States. Hyperglycemia has consistently been associated with worse clinical outcomes from ischemic stroke. Animal studies utilizing genetic models of type II diabetes have shown greater ischemic injury in the setting of hyperglycemia. However, these models may not well represent all physiological aspects of human type II diabetes and post-stroke hyperglycemia. Diet induced diabetes may prove more analogous to human disease. The high fat diet mouse model of type II diabetes reliably creates a subacute hyperglycemic state. We evaluated normal and high fat diet (HFD) fed mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to determine if post-ischemic functional status is influenced by hyperglycemia in this model. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice (12-18 weeks) fed either normal diet or HFD (60%kCal fat) were subjected to 60 minutes of transient MCAO via 6-0 monofilament. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining confirmed infarction in a subset of mice. A glucose tolerance test was performed, and fasting blood sugar was tested prior to surgery to verify hyperglycemia. Neurologic deficit score (NDS) was measured before and after surgery, and 24 hours post MCAO. Results: HFD fed mice demonstrated worse NDS following ischemia compared to normal fed mice. This was significant at 24 hours post MCAO (p Conclusion: Our data show that HFD fed mice have worse outcomes post-MCAO and without the recovery in functional scores seen in normal fed mice. This mirrors the human condition, where worse clinical outcomes are seen in hyperglycemic patients with ischemic stroke. This model provides an opportunity to investigate mechanisms underlying differential recovery in the setting of hyperglycemia and to test if insulin treatment can prevent the adverse recovery in HFD animals as has been postulated in humans. We are conducting gene expression experiments to test candidates that may mediate ischemic damage and recovery and to identify novel therapeutic targets.
Protoplast induction inMicrasterias andCosmarium

Protoplasts of the desmidsMicrasterias angulosa, M. denticulata, M. thomasiana andCosmarium turpinii were obtained by incubating cells in Waris' liquid medium + 0.3 M mannitol + 2% Cellulysin for 1–3 hours. One osmotically fragile protoplast was formed at the isthmus from the joint contents of both semicells. The resultant protoplasts were bright green and remained so for more than 5 days in the osmotically protective medium. The protoplast yield was better than 80%. The empty cell walls were not digested by the Cellulysin or by autolytic enzymes.
Coherent transport and energy flow patterns in photosynthesis under incoherent excitation.

Long-lived coherences have been observed in photosynthetic complexes after laser excitation, inspiring new theories regarding the extreme quantum efficiency of photosynthetic energy transfer. Whether coherent (ballistic) transport occurs in nature and whether it improves photosynthetic efficiency remain topics of debate. Here, we use a nonequilibrium Green’s function analysis to model exciton transport after excitation from an incoherent source (as opposed to coherent laser excitation). We find that even with an incoherent source, the rate of environmental dephasing strongly affects exciton transport efficiency, suggesting that the relationship between dephasing and efficiency is not an artifact of coherent excitation. The Green’s function analysis provides a clear view of both the pattern of excitonic fluxes among chromophores and the multidirectionality of energy transfer that is a feature of coherent transport. We see that even in the presence of an incoherent source, transport occurs by qualitatively ...
Heterologous Promoters Fused to BCL6 by Chromosomal Translocations Affecting Band 3q27 Cause Its Deregulated Expression During B-Cell Differentiation

The BCL6 gene encodes a POZ/Zinc-finger protein, which acts as a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor. It is expressed in B cells within the germinal centers (GC) and is required for GC formation. In approximately 40% of diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL) and approximately 14% of follicular lymphomas (FL), the BCL6 gene is rearranged by chromosomal translocations, which juxtapose heterologous promoters and 5' untranslated sequences derived from other chromosomes to the BCL6 coding domain or by mutations in the 5' regulatory region. To understand the functional consequence of the chromosomal translocations, we have studied the patterns of expression of the promoters found juxtaposed to BCL6 in DLCL and FL during B-lineage differentiation. Distinct heterologous 5' untranslated regions (IGH, IGL, TTF) were identified fused to the BCL6 coding domain by analysis of BCL6 cDNAs in two DLCL cases and one mixed follicular lymphoma (MxFL). These three sequences, as well as three other previously identified BCL6 fusion partners (IGHG3, BOB1, H4), were studied for their pattern of expression during B-lineage differentiation by Northern blot analysis of B-cell lines representation by Northern blot analysis of B-cell lines representative of the pre-B, B, immunoblast, and plasma cell stages. In contrast to BCL6, whose transcription is activated only in B cells within the GC, all of the other sequences displayed a broader pattern of expression ranging from constitutive expression throughout B-cell differentiation to persistent expression in immunoblasts and plasma cells. These results indicate that the expression of BCL6 is deregulated as a consequence of fusion to heterologous promoter regions. The persistent expression of activated BCL6 may contribute to lymphomagenesis by blocking B-cell differentiation within the GC.
Geometrical Methods of Inference

The central aim of the thesis is to investigate and present results of studies of two geometrical methods of inference: ✤ the measure of central tendency in Riemannian manifolds—the Riemannian mean and ✤ the interpolation of data points in Riemannian manifolds—the Riemannian variational curves. Riemannian manifolds are smooth spaces equipped with a metric allowing to measure geometric quantities like distances and angles. Riemannian geometry— the branch of differential geometry concerning Riemannian manifolds—evolved from Euclid’s plane and solid geometry, and from Gauss’s theory of curved spaces. The thesis develops a geometrical approach to investigations of data in Riemannian manifolds. In the first part of the thesis two types of statistical measures are of particular interest: the measure of central tendency and the measure of dispersion. The thesis studies a generalization of mean value in Riemannian manifolds, where the Riemannian distance is regarded as a measure of deviation. The thesis defines the (Riemannian) mean as a set of points in a complete manifold minimizing sum of squares of distances from the sample points. The minimum of the sum is a measure of dispersion—the (Riemannian) variance. The thesis investigates the following properties of the Riemannian mean: ✤ the dependence of the mean on the covariance of a sample and the curvature of the space, ✤ properties of the measure of dispersion at cut loci of the data point and ✤ the convexity property on complete 2-manifolds. An iterative method of deriving points of the Riemannian mean is proposed and its convergence is investigated. Practical examples demonstrate efficiency of the iterative method in case of Lie groups: SO(3) and SO(4). In the second part the thesis studies interpolation with variational curves in Riemannian manifolds. Splines in Euclidean spaces have proved to be useful in approximation theory, analysis and statistics. Introduced as piecewise polynomial curves, splines evolved to abstract variational interpolating curves. The thesis explores a variational approach to curves in Riemannian manifolds. This includes the investigations of: ✤ the Riemannian cubics in the space of rotations SO(3) endowed with leftinvariant metric, ✤ the Riemannian cubics in the unit sphere S, ✤ the minimal interval, depending on the initial conditions, where the analytic Riemannian cubics in SO(3) exist, ✤ the local form of cubics in complete Riemannian manifolds and
Application and Play

Most thinkers tend to emphasize either the way in which a first-person perspective (i.e., consciousness, desire, authorship, or moral agency) or a third-person perspective (i.e., history, tradition, power, or society) defines one’s identities. A hermeneutic approach affirms the circular nature of identity formation and suggests that identities are formed at the rotary of one’s psychic desires and one’s socio-historical tradition. To explain how a hermeneutic approach to identity can take into account a first-person perspective while avoiding subjectivism and I expand on two Gadamerian themes, application and play. In defending the applicative, that is, active, nature of identity formation, I turn to Nancy Chodorow. I then explicate the anti-subjective components of Gadamer’s notion of play and highlight the similarities to Judith Butler’s theory of performativity.
Modern Portfolio Theory

Portfolio theory may be the most fecund intellectual export from quantitative finance to other sciences. Social sciences outside the strictly financial domain have applied portfolio theory to subjects as diverse as regional development,1 social psychology,2 and information retrieval.3 Proper understanding of portfolio theory and its place in finance and cognate sciences begins with a return to the origins of modern portfolio theory. For “the end of all our exploring/Will be to arrive where we started/And know the place for the first time.”4
Secondary emission calorimetry R&D

Electromagnetic calorimetry in high-radiation environments (e.g. forward regions of lepton and hadron collider detectors) is quite challenging. Although the total absorption crystal calorimeters have superior performance as electromagnetic calorimeters, the availability and the cost of the radiation-hard crystals are the two limiting factors in terms of radiation-tolerant implementations. Sampling calorimeters utilizing Silicon sensors as the active media are also favorable in terms of performance but are challenged by high radiation environments. In order to provide a solution for such implementations, we developed a radiation-hard, fast and cost effective technique, secondary emission calorimetry, and tested prototype secondary emission sensors in test beams. In a secondary emission detector module, secondary emission electrons are generated from a cathode when charged hadron or electromagnetic shower particles penetrate the secondary emission sampling module that is placed between absorber materials. The generated secondary emission electrons are then multiplied in a similar way as the photoelectrons in photomultiplier tubes. Here we report on the principles of secondary emission calorimetry, the results from recent test beams as well as the Monte Carlo simulations for the test beam setup, and the performance of a projected, large-scale secondary emission electromagnetic calorimeter.
Studying the Effects of Glucagon-Modulators on the Activity of Second Messengers in Subcellular Compartments of Pancreatic Islet Cells

The convergence of multiple paracrine, juxtacrine, and intracellular signals is necessary to achieve proper glucagon secretion from the α-cells of the pancreatic islet. Elevated or dysregulated secretion of glucagon severely impairs the glycemic control of diabetic patients. Thus it is important to clarify how all these stimuli co-operate and interact to stimulate and or inhibit glucagon secretion. Using hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy, we measure the effect of glucagon modulators, insulin, somatostatin, and ephrins simultaneously on the activity of two second messengers, calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), in islet cells. We target genetically encoded biosensors to the cytoplasm, to the plasma membrane or to the nucleus. We hypothesize that in response to different stimuli, second messengers’ activities change differently in various cell compartments. Individual stimuli or their combination result in various patterns of activities, which we can use to improve our current mathematical model of glucose-inhibited glucagon secretion. These studies utilize both cell line models and primary cultured islet cells. This combination of specimens allows us to determine the conditions under which we can rely on cell lines to mimic intact islets hormone output. Having a reliable cell model for glucagon secretion form α-cells will be very beneficial for drug screening studies.
Clinical Considerations of Focal Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment.

BACKGROUND According to the US Center for Disease Control, cancer deaths are the second most common cause of mortality in both adults and children. Definitive treatment of solid tumors involves surgical resection with or without systemic chemotherapy and radiation. The advent of local drug delivery presents a unique treatment modality that can offer substantial benefits in cancer management. Three main phases in solid tumor management exist for the treating physician: initial diagnosis with tissue biopsy, surgical resection with or without chemotherapy, and management of metastatic disease. METHODS A literature review of both basic science as well as clinical trials using local drug delivery strategies in the management of solid tumors was done on PubMed. These were then further divided into the categories of initial tissue biopsy intervention, surgical resection, and management of metastatic disease. RESULTS A total of 27 articles were review that included both pre-clinical as well as clinical investigation of local drug delivery therapies in the treatment of solid tumors. Treatments such as MRI guided therapies, FDA approved local therapies for intracranial gliomas as well as local therapy for single site metastatic disease were identified. CONCLUSION This review focuses the current state of local drug delivery in the treatment of solid tumors in both the pre-clinical as well as clinical investigation settings. Local drug delivery therapy offers an exciting new treatment modality for solid malignancies.
Examining the effects of construction heuristics and problem structure on solution quality of the vehicle routing problem with split deliveries and time windows

This paper investigates the practical extension of the vehicle routing problem (VRP): the VRP with split deliveries and time windows (SDVRPTW). Although the SDVRPTW has not received much attention in literature, the papers hint that the underlying problem structure and ultimately methods required in generating high-quality solutions may differ significantly from the classical VRP. In particular, this paper uses a structured design of experiments to investigate the SDVRPTW, to include testing different construction heuristics, the effect of varying ratios of customer demand to vehicle capacity and the impact of splitting loads. Results indicate construction method does not substantively impact solution quality while local search operators with faster run times tend to generate higher-quality solutions where solution quality is primarily total distance travelled by the fleet of delivery vehicles.
Policy analysis for administrative role based access control without separate administration

Role based access control RBAC is a widely used approach to access control with well-known advantages in managing authorization policies. This paper considers user-role reachability analysis of administrative role based access control ARBAC, which defines administrative roles and specifies how members of each administrative role can change the RBAC policy. Most existing works on user-role reachability analysis assume the separate administration restriction in ARBAC policies. While this restriction greatly simplifies the user-role reachability analysis, it also limits the expressiveness and applicability of ARBAC. In this paper, we consider analysis of ARBAC without the separate administration restriction and present new techniques to reduce the number of ARBAC rules and users considered during analysis. We also present parallel algorithms that speed up the analysis on multi-core systems. The experimental results show that our techniques significantly reduce the analysis time, making it practical to analyze ARBAC without separate administration.
New Directions for Container Debloating

Application containers, such as Docker containers, are light-weight virtualization environments that "contain" applications together with their resources and configuration information. While they are becoming increasingly popular as a method for agile software deployment, current techniques for preparing containers add unnecessary bloat into them: they often include unneeded files that increase the container size by several orders of magnitude. This not only leads to storage and network transfer issues but also security concerns. The problem is well-recognized but available solutions are mostly ad-hoc and not largely deployed. Our previous work, Cimplifier, on debloating containers uses dynamic analysis to identify the resources necessary to a container and then debloat it. However, the dynamic analysis uses model executions or test runs, which if incomplete, may not allow detection of all the necessary resources. Therefore, it is important to explore other directions towards container debloating. In this paper, we discuss two of them: a new intermediate representation allowing incorporation of multiple techniques, such as dynamic analysis and static analysis, for debloating; and test case augmentation using symbolic execution.
Information Theoretic Co-Training

This paper introduces an information theoretic co-training objective for unsupervised learning. We consider the problem of predicting the future. Rather than predict future sensations (image pixels or sound waves) we predict ``hypotheses'' to be confirmed by future sensations. More formally, we assume a population distribution on pairs $(x,y)$ where we can think of $x$ as a past sensation and $y$ as a future sensation. We train both a predictor model $P_\Phi(z|x)$ and a confirmation model $P_\Psi(z|y)$ where we view $z$ as hypotheses (when predicted) or facts (when confirmed). For a population distribution on pairs $(x,y)$ we focus on the problem of measuring the mutual information between $x$ and $y$. By the data processing inequality this mutual information is at least as large as the mutual information between $x$ and $z$ under the distribution on triples $(x,z,y)$ defined by the confirmation model $P_\Psi(z|y)$. The information theoretic training objective for $P_\Phi(z|x)$ and $P_\Psi(z|y)$ can be viewed as a form of co-training where we want the prediction from $x$ to match the confirmation from $y$. We give experiments on applications to learning phonetics on the TIMIT dataset.
Introduction to hierarchical tiling dynamical systems

This chapter is about the tiling dynamical systems approach to the study of aperiodic order. We compare and contrast four related types of systems: ordinary (one-dimensional) symbolic systems, one-dimensional tiling systems, multidimensional \(\mathbb {Z}^d\)-systems, and multidimensional tiling systems. Aperiodically ordered structures are often hierarchical in nature, and there are a number of different yet related ways to define them. We will focus on what we are calling “supertile construction methods”: symbolic substitution in one and many dimensions, S-adic sequences, self-similar and pseudo-self-similar tilings, and fusion rules. The techniques of dynamical analysis of these systems are discussed and a number of results are surveyed. We conclude with a discussion of the spectral theory of supertile systems from both the dynamical and diffraction perspectives.
Case 36: A Single Abdominal Knife Wound. Easy Case?

A 23-year-old man (175 lbs., 6′, ASA 1 E) is admitted to the emergency room (ER) with a single stab wound just below his umbilicus. There are no other injuries as per the emergency physician. You, as the anesthesiologist on call, are asked to come to the ER at 8:00 pm. The patient is conscious, orientated for time and place, and vital signs are stable (HR 86 bpm and BP 120/76 mmHg). He states he has not eaten anything for 6 h but his breath smells of alcohol. Blood is taken for Hct, chemical analysis, and crossmatch for blood. His past history is noncontributory. He has no allergies, and a previous general anesthetic for a right inguinal hernia repair is reportedly uneventful. On examination the patient has one stab wound as described and no other injuries as far as you can see. A 16-gauge IV in his left hand is working well. You listen to the anterior part of his chest and heart to midaxillary line with your stethoscope, but find nothing abnormal. His abdomen is soft.
An oscillatory template pitch model

Traditional approaches to explaining missing fundamental and pitch-shift phenomena have relied on either the fitting of harmonic templates to spectral information (generally assumed to correspond to a neural excitation pattern), or by performing an autocorrelation-based calculation on temporal information. In this paper, an alternative approach relying on the dynamics of phase-locking oscillators is proposed. Rather than applying some decoding procedure, such as spectral analysis or autocorrelation, a pitch estimate is given by the state (firing frequency) of an appropriately excited oscillator in a template structure operating on peripheral information. This approach is shown to reproduce many of the classical pitch shift-phenomena. In addition to a direct implementation in terms of phase-locking oscillators, a simplified model consisting of arrays of adaptive templates, operating directly on timing information, is also presented. This latter approach offers a straightforward way to tune the model in acc...
Total hip arthroplasty in patients affected by poliomyelitis

Aims The aims of this study were to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes, implant survivorship, and complications of patients with a history of poliomyelitis undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) in affected limbs and unaffected limbs of this same population. Patients and Methods A retrospective review identified 51 patients (27 male and 24 female, 59 hips) with a mean age of 66 years (38 to 88) and with the history of poliomyelitis who underwent THA for degenerative arthritis between 1970 and 2012. Immigrant status, clinical outcomes, radiographic results, implant survival, and complications were recorded. Results In all, 32 THAs (63%) were performed on an affected limb, while 27 (37%) were performed on an unaffected limb. The overall ten-year survivorship free from aseptic loosening, any revision, or any reoperation were 91% (95% CI 0.76 to 0.99), 91% (95% CI 0.64 to 0.97) and 87% (95% CI 0.61 to 0.95), respectively. There were no revisions for prosthetic joint infection. There were no sig...
A Model Curriculum for Two-Year Degree Programs in Hospitality Management

(1995). A Model Curriculum for Two-Year Degree Programs in Hospitality Management. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 37-39.
Words that are their opposites : Noun to verb conversion in English

AbstractThis article investigates the semantic properties of English denominal locative verbs, exploring specifically their capability of expressing opposite meanings. Locative denominal verbs pattern themselves systematically into distinct groups based on underlying syntactic behavior as well as on the semantic property of affectedness on noun arguments. The article argues that the properties of affectedness, agenthood, and the notion of preexisting state constrain the possible semantics of these verbs and shed some light on the way these verbs are organized in our mental lexicon around denominals prefixed by the morphemes un- and de-.
Administration of cannabinoids enhances growth and metastasis of 4T1 murine breast cancer through the induction of myeloid derived suppressor cells. (100.2)

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer afflicting women with more than 190,000 new cases diagnosed per year and over 40,000 deaths. The active ingredient in marijuana (Cannabis sativa), delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as well as endogenous cannabinoids, such as anandamide, have been shown to exert effects on immune cells that express the cannabinoid(CB) receptors. We have previously shown that when mice are inoculated with 4t1 murine mammary carcinoma and treated with THC, the tumor grows and metastasizes more rapidly when compared to vehicle controls, resulting from immunosuppression. However, the mechanism for the loss of immune surveillance following THC treatment is not clear. Upon treatment of tumor-bearing mice, there was a significant increase in primary tumor size following THC treatment when compared to controls. Histopathological analysis demonstrated more tumor nodules in the lungs in groups exposed to THC. The splenocytes and pulmonary lymphocytes were assessed for the presence of MDSCs. There was an increase in MDSC in the lungs and spleens in cannabinoid-treated mice when compared to controls. Our studies therefore demonstrated that 4T1 mammary tumor-bearing mice elicited the development of MDSC in the spleens and lungs and the frequency of these cells was enhanced following administration of THC. Thus, we suggest a role for MDSCs in the cannabinoid-induced immune suppression in breast cancer patients that may result in enhanced tumor growth.
2.24 – Protein Kinases

The regulation of protein kinase activity by toxicological agents plays an important role in pathophysiological processes. Many toxicants exhibit different toxicological profiles at low and high concentrations and the regulation of protein kinases often follow these trends – showing increased or decreased kinase activity as a function of toxicant concentration. Additional complexities associated with kinase regulation include emergent properties associated with multikinase targeting and indirect regulatory mechanisms. Protein kinase C (PKC) will be discussed as a model kinase and provides an excellent example of kinase regulation in the context of a toxicant gradient (i.e., from low to high concentrations), direct versus indirect regulation, and associated complexities. In addition, new frontiers in protein kinase regulation include oscillatory behavior that extends the realm of possible modes of action by which toxicants may perturb complex biological processes.
When microchip implants do more than drug delivery: blending, blurring, and bundling of protected health information and patient monitoring

Although currently in the research stage, scientists argue that drug-releasing microchip implants are on the horizon for future patients. This paper presents ethical reflection on these implants and identifies specific areas of concern; namely, patient monitoring and tracking, and patient privacy and confidentiality. It is foreseeable that drug delivery chips could be multifunctional with the overt or covert addition of sensors that monitor more than just the bloodstream concentrations of prescribed drugs (e.g., cotinine and alcohol in non-compliant patients, patient location via radio frequency or global positioning satellite). Similarly, it is foreseeable that these chips could be embedded with a patient's protected health information that could potentially be accessed and used by unauthorized persons. While drug delivery microchips are theoretically convenient and accurate for dosing, and might offer faster drug delivery with fewer side effects, ethical issues loom and should be contemplated now, while the technology is still under development.
Shared Constitutional Interpretation After Dickerson

In United States v. Dickerson the Supreme Court reaffirmed its decision in Miranda v. Arizona, stating that it was a 'constitutional decision' and, thus, not subject to congressional overruling. At the same time, the Dickerson Court reiterated Miranda's "invitation" to "Congress and the States to . . . search for . . . other procedures which are at least as effective" as the Court's prescribed warnings in protecting the suspect's rights. This article uses Dickerson as a lens through which to examine the possibilities of shared constitutional interpretation. After all, the Court that decided Dickerson has, in recent years, been extremely jealous of its prerogative in having the last word as to the Constitution's meaning. What then, does the "invitation" in Miranda and Dickerson really mean? The authors argue that constitutional experimentation is to be applauded, but its success depends upon institutional humility and mutual respect. First, the article explains that Miranda is best understood as establishing a suspect's constitutional right to notice of the right to silence and a constitutional right to procedures adequate to ensure a continuous opportunity to exercise the right to silence. Understanding Miranda's core as a bedrock constitutional rule obviates the need to engage in the familiar debate about "prophylactic" rules. Second, the article uses a series of hypothetical statutes requiring videotaping of confessions and prohibiting the presence of counsel, to examine the shared opportunities and responsibilities of Congress, the States and other government actors in interpreting the meaning of the "Miranda" rule. The authors conclude that notwithstanding the Supreme Court's recent rulings narrowing the scope of congressional power and expanding its own power at the expense of all other constitutional actors, considerable room remains for non-judicial actors to participate in the elaboration of constitutional meaning.
The Principle and the Pragmatist: On Conflict and Coalescence for Librarian Engagement with Open Access Initiatives.

ABSTRACT This article considers Open Access (OA) training and the supports and structures in place in academic libraries in the United States from the perspective of a new librarian. OA programming is contextualized by the larger project of Scholarly Communication in academic libraries, and the two share a historical focus on journal literature and a continued emphasis on public access and the economics of scholarly publishing. Challenges in preparing academic librarians for involvement with OA efforts include the evolving and potentially divergent nature of the international OA movement and the inherent tensions of a role with both principled and pragmatic components that serves a particular university community as well as a larger movement.
Autonomy-supportive parenting and associations with child and parent executive function

Abstract Autonomy-supportive parenting appears to play an important role in children's executive function (EF) development. However, few studies have accounted for parents' EF skills when examining the link between parenting and child EF in families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. In the current study, parents and their 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 85 dyads) were assessed in the fall of preschool on well-validated behavioral assessments of EF and participated in a dyadic problem-solving task. We found that parent EF and child EF were correlated, both were associated with autonomy-supportive parenting, and these links were not moderated by socioeconomic status. Autonomy support was a predictor of child EF skills above and beyond parent EF, and bootstrapping mediational analyses confirmed that autonomy-supportive behaviors mediated the link between parent-child EF. These results provide initial evidence for the intergenerational transmission of EF through autonomy support.
Abstract A203: Role of nonimmune functions of regulatory T-cells in inflammation and tissue homeostasis

Regulatory T-cells (Treg) are a T-cell lineage vital to promoting tolerance to self antigens, commensal bacteria, and environmental antigens, as well as limiting responses to acute and chronic infections. Because of their critical role in immunosuppression in diverse biologic settings—including the tumor microenvironment—therapeutic targeting of Treg cells holds promise for cancer immunotherapy. In addition to dampening immune responses against tumor antigens and the associated inflammation, tissue-resident Treg cells may directly support tumor growth, homeostasis, and metastasis. Hence, understanding Treg cell functions independent from immunomodulation may provide novel targets for cancer therapy without the adverse side effects associated with immune checkpoint blockade. Studies of Treg cells found in non-lymphoid tissues have revealed transcriptional signatures and functions distinguishable from those found in Treg cells residing in secondary lymphoid organs, suggesting that Treg cells may perform a variety of specialized functions within non-lymphoid tissues. In addition, Treg cells can show distinct localization within non-lymphoid organs, raising the possibility that they may interact with different immune and non-immune tissue resident cells. In particular, we find frequent Treg cell localization in close proximity to peripheral neurons. Gene expression analysis has revealed expression of neuromodulatory molecules by Treg cells, further suggesting interplay between Treg cells and peripheral neurons. Interactions between Treg cells and the peripheral nervous system may play an important role in limiting immune responses and/or promoting tissue homeostasis. Understanding potential neuromodulatory activity of Treg cells and its effect on inflammation, tissue homeostasis and cancer could reveal novel strategies for therapeutic possibilities. Citation Format: Alejandra Mendoza. Role of nonimmune functions of regulatory T-cells in inflammation and tissue homeostasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A203.
Examining TMZ: What traditional digital journalism can learn from celebrity news

TMZ remains one of the most popular destinations for people searching for news on the Web. Even though the site publishes celebrity news, traditional news organizations may be able to learn somethi...
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS: AN ASSESSMENT OF LEFT SIDED AND NON-LEFT SIDED DISEASE

Over the last decade, the opioid crisis has led to a significant increase in the rate of infective endocarditis (IE) related to injection drug use (IDU). IDU has traditionally been associated with right sided IE, however, data describing IE in persons who inject drugs (PWID) in the “contemporary
The Next Step in Governance: The Need for Global Micro-Regulatory Frameworks in the Context of Expanding International Production (全球治理的新动态：国际生产体系扩张对全球微观治理框架的影响)

Explicit barriers to international trade, investment, technology, and financial flows have been reduced considerably. As a result, “macro-liberalization” of international economic transactions has largely run its course. Now, attention needs to shift from international rules for governments to international rules dealing with the various aspects of the international operations of firms – what are called “micro-issues” in this chapter; these include, by way of example, cross-border mergers and acquisitions and international bankruptcies. Such international rules for the principal actors in international production and markets would complement (or replace) the unilateral rules that exist at the national level. International rules would set the direct parameters for certain aspects of the international activities of firms and hence provide the global governance for operating in the global production and trading spaces. This chapter exemplifies for a number of areas the state of rule-making for some micro issues, analyses the nature of this rule-making and suggests a way forward. Developing international micro-regulatory frameworks of rules of the road for the various aspects of the international operations of firms in the globalizing world economy should be the new frontier of international commercial diplomacy.
A heuristic search routine for solving two objective mixed integer LP problems for scheduling in a service factory

This paper presents a two-objective mixed binary integer linear programming model and a search routine solution method is proposed using a service factory environment with multi-processor workstations and a constant daily workload, for employee scheduling, number of machines per station, and makespan minimisation objectives. The search routine is simple enough to be implemented by managers using readily available spreadsheet programs. Solution of the four-station service factory formulation yielded results for improvement in the makespan of the shop. This search routine can be used by management in streamlining and optimising the service factory production environment as exemplified in the four-station case, and could also be applied to multi-processor flow shops.
Artificially structured boundary plasma trap

A computer simulation is presented of single-species non-neutral plasma confinement using an artificially structured boundary. The artificially structured boundary produces a spatially periodic static electromagnetic field along the plasma periphery such that the spatial period of the applied field is much smaller than the dimensions of the confined plasma. The simulated non-neutral plasma self-consistently produces an electrostatic potential energy well for oppositely signed charged particles. The results support the prospect of developing plasma space-charge based confinement, with an unmagnetized plasma of one species of charged particles confined by an electric field produced by an edge-confined plasma of a second species of charged particles. The Warp particle-in-cell code is used for the simulations.
Ventral penile curvature estimation using an app.

Summary Introduction and Objective The assessment of penile curvature is a key component of hypospadias surgery, as it often determines if a 1 or 2-stage procedure should be done. The objective of this study was to test the accuracy of penile curvature measurements using an App-based method among non-urologists. Methods Lateral pictures of six plastic 3-dimensional penile models representing each decile of curvature from 20 to 70° were obtained and stored on the research project iPad. Each picture was labeled with a name (i.e. Jim). Non-urology medical professionals were recruited to estimate the curvature of the six pictures with an App-based method consisting of the Photoblend Pro App and 9 provided graded 2-dimensional penile curvature images (representing each decile of curvature from 10 to 90°). Curvature estimations were done by merging the picture of the 3-dimensional penile model with one of the 9 provided graded 2-dimensional penile curvature images inside the App in an iterative process until the penile model picture matched the graded image (see figure). A research associate taught the research subjects the App-based method and then the subjects were asked to estimate the ventral penile curvature of each of the six penile model pictures. Measurement error was calculated as the absolute difference in between the measured value and the true value for the 6 models. A comparison was then made with previous research where pediatric urologists used either a goniometer or unaided visual inspection (UVI) to measure the ventral curvature of the same plastic 3-dimensional penile models used for the pictures of this study. Results Twenty-one subjects were recruited, and all completed the study. Mean errors using the App ranged from 1.9° to 7.1°, compared to 6.5°–15° for UVI and 4.4°–15.9° for goniometry. The median error for the App was 0° compared to 5–10° for both UVI and goniometry. Mean errors were significantly lower (p 30°, the number of measurements that could have resulted in the unintended operation was calculated. There was a statistically significant difference in number of potential unintended surgeries in between App (17%) versus UVI + Goniometer (37%) (p = 0.0133). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated better penile curvature estimations using the App compared to the two most common methods currently used by pediatric urologists. Plastic models provide an avenue to test and compare penile curvature measurement techniques. Download : Download high-res image (225KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Figure .
Primo on the Go: A Usability Study of the Primo Mobile Interface

Primo Analytics from two campuses of the California State University system has revealed that a dramatically low proportion of Primo searches originate from mobile devices. The current study focuse...