cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining the feasibility of livestock insurance in Mongolia

Herders in Mongolia have suffered tremendous losses in recent dzud (winter disasters), with livestock mortality rates of over 50 percent in some locales. This study examines the feasibility of offering insurance to compensate for animal deaths. Such an undertaking is challenging in any country. Mongolia offers even more challenges given the vast territory in which herders tend over 30 million animals. Traditional approaches that insure individual animals are simply not workable. The opportunities for fraud and abuse are significant. Monitoring costs required to mitigate this behavior would be very high. This study focuses on the potential for using the livestock mortality rate at a local level (for example, the sum or rural district) as the basis for indemnifying herders. Applications of index insurance are growing around the world, although no country has so far implemented such insurance for livestock deaths. But few countries have such frequent and high rates of localized animal deaths as does Mongolia, and it is one of the few countries that perform an animal census every year. This concept may therefore be precisely what is needed to start a social livestock insurance program. Just as important, the insurance that is used in Mongolia should not interfere with the exceptional efforts that experienced herders take to save animals during severe weather. Using an individual insurance may, in fact, diminish these efforts. Herders may ask, "Why should I work so hard to save my animals if I will simply be compensated for those that are lost?" Since the index insurance would pay all herders in the same region the same rate, the incentives for management to mitigate livestock losses remain strong. No one would reduce their effort to collect on insurance. Those who increase their efforts during a major event (dzud) would likely be compensated for this effort even though they do not lose livestock. In some cases, they could reasonably expect to receive payments that would compensate for the added effort or the added cost of trying to save their livestock. This paper - a product of the Rural Development and Natural Resources Sector Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to foster secure and sustainable livelihoods through analytical and operational support for risk management and asset diversification strategies. The work described in this paper is finding operational application under the Mongolia Sustainable Livelihoods Project.
Molecular characterization of nucleocytosolic O-GlcNAc transferases of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum

O-Linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) catalyzes the transfer of a single GlcNAc to the Ser or Thr of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. OGT activity, which may compete with that of kinases, is involved in signaling in animals and plants, and abnormalities in OGT activities have been associated with type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that ogt genes that predict enzymes with characteristic tetratricopeptide repeats and a spindly domain are present in some protists (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Dictyostelium) but are absent from the majority of protists examined (e.g., Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Entamoeba, and Trichomonas). Similarly, ogt genes are present in some fungi but are absent from numerous other fungi, suggesting that secondary loss is an important contributor to the evolution of ogt genes. Nucleocytosolic extracts of Giardia and Cryptosporidium show OGT activity, and recombinant Giardia and Cryptosporidium OGTs are active in yeast and bacteria, respectively. These results suggest the possibility that O-GlcNAc modification of nucleocytosolic proteins also has function(s) in simple eukaryotes.
The evolution of WLAN user mobility and its effect on prediction

Present day society is changing daily and the mobile device (laptop, PDA, smartphones, etc.) industry is striving to keep pace with these rapid changes. With the proliferation of numerous light weight devices along with the wide spread use of wireless local area networks (WLANs) in many public places we are more connected-on-the-go than ever. Recent studies have shown that there exist repetitive behavioral trends in the association pattern of groups in large WLANs. We believe that the predictability of WLAN users may affect socially aware networks in the future.
A statistical correlation of individual tooth size distortions on the orthopantomographic radiograph

T he ability to produce an accurate, predictable image of the teeth and related structures on a radiograph, in the shortest possible time and with the least amount of radiation to the patient and the operator, continues to be a challenge to the orthodontist as well as to the entire dental profession. With the increased emphasis on prevention within the profession and the tendency to treat earlier. the orthodontist is striving constantly to find a better technique by which the teeth, in particular, can be accurately reproduced on radiographic film. For example, it would be desirable if the size of the unerupted teeth could be determined more precisely by radiographic techniques when one is doing a mixed-dentition analysis. In recent years, panoramic radiography has become increasingly popular, perhaps because it is a time-saving technique. With this potential for increased use, the practitioner should be aware of the magnitude of distortion which occurs in different areas of the mouth. lt is felt that this information will be useful when determinations of arch-length discrepancy are being made in the mixed dentition, as well as for space determinations for unerupted or blocked teeth. The purpose of this study was to correlate the distortion that occurs in the mesial-distal width of the individual teeth on the orthopantomographic radiograph made by the standardized technique as prescribed by the manufacturer. Measurements, taken in millimeters, were correlated statistically so that the percentage of distortion could be determined. In addition, the percentage of root-length distortion of the premolar teeth was correlated, since these teeth are removed most commonly in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. Finally, unerupted canines and premolars were measured on orthopantomographic x-ray films. and the same teeth were measured on films after they had erupted into the mouth, in order to determine the relative consistency of the image on the film.
Poetic Expressions of Vigilance

In this article, the author explores poetic transcription as an experimental form of writing. Her previous ethnographic research, in which she explored the experience of vigilance for family members who stayed at the bedside of hospitalized relatives, provided the qualitative data for the poetic compositions. In this article, she describes the background and rationale for the research, the findings, and her use of the data to transcribe them into poetic expressions of the lived experience of vigilance.
Strategies to preserve the use of statins in patients with previous muscular adverse effects

Purpose The published evidence on strategies for avoiding the discontinuation of statin therapy due to muscular adverse effects is reviewed. Summary Statin medications are a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, but about 20% of treated patients develop myalgia or other muscle-related adverse effects that can lead to the discontinuation of statin use. As there are no consensus guidelines or firm practice recommendations on continuing or reinitiating statin therapy in patients who experience statin-related muscular adverse effects, a literature search was conducted to evaluate a variety of strategies that have been studied. The search results indicated that the most widely used strategies are (1) alternative statin dosing, (2) co-enzyme Q10 supplementation, (3) vitamin D supplementation, (4) conversion to red yeast rice (RYR) therapy, and (5) conversion to a different statin. While positive results in some patients have been reported with all of the strategies reviewed, the available evidence is insufficient to support the routine use of any of the strategies in clinical practice. In particular, the use of RYR, which contains a naturally occurring statin, is not recommended due to limited and inconsistent study results and uncertainty about the contents of commercially available RYR products. Conclusion In patients intolerant to statin therapy due to myalgia or other muscular adverse effects, strategies such as alternative statin dosing schedules, coenzyme Q10 or vitamin D supplementation, and conversion to RYR or an alternative statin may allow some patients to continue to receive the benefits of lipid-lowering therapy.
Participating in Health Issue‐Specific Social Networking Sites to Quit Smoking: How Does Online Social Interconnectedness Influence Smoking Cessation Self‐Efficacy?

This study examined members of health issue-specific social networking sites (SNSs) for smoking cessation, hypothesizing that social identification, bridging and bonding social capital, perceived subjective norms, and social support would impact the relationship between participation and smoking cessation self-efficacy. Results (N = 252) of an online questionnaire revealed that participation significantly influenced each social factor, which in turn resulted in greater smoking cessation self-efficacy. By applying and extending traditional peer influence theories, a structural model predicting 5 underlying mechanisms of social interconnectedness that influence perceived behavioral control for quitting smoking was tested and supported. Implications for future research on health issue-specific SNSs are discussed.
DAMOCLES: an observer-based approach to design tracking

This paper describes the DAMOCLES design tracking system (DTS). Design tracking systems provide the notion of a project-wide design state, and facilities to query the design state. Most current DTS control the designer's environment. DAMOCLES adopts an observer architecture which leads to easy deployment and requires little modification of the design groups mode of operation.
Matching clinical and biological needs with emerging imaging technologies

Acquisition, analysis, and integration of medical images with nonimage biomedical information are essential for research and clinical practice. Individualization of health care, assessment of disease risk, tailoring of therapies, and lifelong monitoring places extraordinary demands on emerging technologies in medical imaging, information management, and molecular medicine. To achieve the anticipated benefits in outcomes that new technology can deliver, imaging informatics infrastructure and tools must be available to represent, store, integrate, and present the data in a useful manner. Currently, images are not well integrated with other forms of biological knowledge. This paper outlines the clinical and research requirements for imaging, and identifies barriers to progress and links these needs with the current and future informatics technologies that may overcome them.
A task graph based application framework for mobile ad hoc networks

We propose a task graph based framework for modeling and execution of distributed applications in mobile ad hoc networks. Our framework represents a distributed application by a graph composed of nodes and edges in which the nodes logically represent application sub-tasks that need to be completed and the edges represent associations, with certain attributes, between nodes. During application run-time, suitable devices that can complete the sub-tasks and can satisfy the attributes of the associations between them are selected on-the-fly to execute the application. New devices are selected to continue application execution if old devices become unavailable due to mobility. Thus, we decouple the application from a specific set of devices and allow its execution if there is at least one suitable device in the network for carrying out each of the required sub-tasks. We propose an application execution protocol to realize this vision and show simulation results which indicate that our approach is practical for environments with low user/device mobility.
Giles v. California: Sixth Amendment Confrontation Right, Forfeiture by Wrongdoing, and a Misguided Departure from the Common Law and the Constitution

The debate about the nature of confrontation rights of the criminally accused under the Sixth Amendment has been lively in recent years. The United States Supreme Court addressed a key confrontation issue definitively during its most recent term when it issued a controversial opinion in Giles v. California, 128 S. Ct. 2678 (2008). The latest issue before the United States Supreme Court was whether intent to prevent live in-court testimony is a necessary element of the constitutional forfeiture analysis. State courts had been split on this point for a number of years. Many, including the Supreme Court of California in People v. Giles, 152 P.3d 433, 440 (2007), overruled in, 128 S. Ct. 976 (2008), rejected the element of intent. Conversely, some, including the Illinois Supreme Court in People v. Stechly, 870 N.E.2d 333 (2007), mandated the inclusion of the element of intent. The United States Supreme Court sided with the seeming minority view and held that unconfronted out-of-court statements are admissible only where the witness is unavailable as a direct result of the conduct that was intended by the accused to render the witness unavailable for live in-court testimony.In this article, we contend that the common law does not support the inclusion of the element of intent in the forfeiture analysis under the Sixth Amendment. Justice Scalia's plurality opinion in Giles misreads the common law cases as requiring an intent to procure unavailability for application of the forfeiture by wrongdoing exception. Our analysis of the historical record will demonstrate that the English common law judges who fashioned the forfeiture doctrine and American courts that further explained the principle did not make intent to render unavailable an element of the confrontation exception.
Scaling continuous query services for future computing platforms and applications

The ever increasing rate of digital information available from on-line sources drives the need for building information monitoring applications to assist users in tracking relevant changes in these sources and accessing information that is of interest to them in a timely manner. Continuous queries (CQs) are standing queries that are continuously evaluated over dynamic sources to track information changes that meet user specified thresholds and notify users of new results in real-time. CQ systems can be considered as powerful middleware for supporting information monitoring applications. A significant challenge in building CQ systems is scalability, caused by the large number of users and queries, and by the large and growing number of information sources with high update rates. In this thesis we use CQs to shepherd through and address the challenges involved in supporting information monitoring applications in future computing platforms. The focus is on P2P web monitoring in Internet systems, location monitoring in mobile systems, and environmental monitoring in sensor systems. Although different computing platforms require different software architectures for building scalable CQ services, there is a common design philosophy that this thesis advocates for making CQ services scalable and efficient. This can be summarized as "move computation close to the places where the data is produced." A common challenge in scaling CQ systems is the resource-intensive nature of query evaluation, which involves continuously checking updates in a large number of data sources and evaluating trigger conditions of a large number of queries over these updates, consuming both cpu and network bandwidth resources. If some part of the query evaluation can be pushed close to the sources where the data is produced, the resulting early filtering of updates will save both bandwidth and cpu resources. In summary, in this thesis we show that distributed CQ architectures that are designed to take advantage of the opportunities provided by ubiquitous computing platforms and pervasive networks, while at the same time recognizing and resolving the challenges posed by these platforms, lead to building scalable and effective CQ systems to better support the demanding information monitoring applications of the future.
The Limits of the Clemency Power: On Pardons, Retributivists, and the United States Constitution

This article discusses the President's pardon power, examining its modest constitutional limitations and different theories about whether and when its use should be limited. Included are discussions of whether the Due Process and Equal Protections Clauses provide any protection for would-be pardonees as well as whether a pardon challenge would even be justiciable. The Article concludes that limiting the pardon power through constitutional amendment would be neither necessary nor wise. Potential abuses are either already subject to sanction or sufficiently unlikely to occur that the costs implicated in framing and passing an amendment would more than outweigh any benefits likely to be accrued through such an amendment.
Responses of terrestrial slugs to secretions of stressed conspecifics.

The responses of terrestrial slugs (Lehmannia valentiana) to the mucus of stressed and nonstressed conspecifics were investigated. The latency to leave filter paper containing freshly secreted mucus from individuals stressed by prodding with a forceps was significantly faster than latencies to leave filter paper treated with mucus from nonstressed conspecifics. Stressed slugs may release substance(s) aversive to conspecifics.
Book Review: Sooner or Later: Restoring Sanity to Your End-of-Life Care. Damiano de Sano Iocovozzi MSN FNP CNS. Bloomington, Indiana: Transformation Media Books. 2010. Soft cover, 95 pages, $12.95.

In recent years there has been increased attention on care at the end of life. Events such as the very public death of Terri Schiavo in 2005, and the misrepresentation of proposed provider payment for advance-directive counseling as “death panels” during the healthcare reform debate have
Abstract 2322: Knockdown of the beta 1 integrin subunit inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer

Integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptor proteins that mediate cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), components of which are highly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer and thought to promote malignancy in vivo. Using lentiviral-based shRNA methodology targeting the beta 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 integrin subunits, human FG-RFP pancreatic cancer cells were infected, and stable puromycin-resistant clones were selected. Clones (n=5 for each group) were subsequently screened for integrin subunit expression at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and immunoprecipitation, respectively. Selected clones were further characterized for function in cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration assays on types I and IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. The clones resulting in the greatest reduction in expression and functional activity for each targeted integrin-subunit were then injected orthotopically into the pancreas of nude mice and analyzed for growth and metastasis over a six-week period. The mRNA levels for the beta 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 integrin subunit knockdown clones selected for use in vivo were reduced by 99.9, 98.4, and 95%, and protein expression levels were reduced by 89.1, 91.6, and 92.6%, respectively, compared to the non-target control clone. Significant inhibition of adhesion on types I and IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin was observed for the beta 1 subunit knockdown clone, and on types I and IV collagen, laminin, and vitronectin for the alpha 2 subunit knockdown clone, relative to the alpha 3 subunit and non-target control clones. Significant decreases in cell proliferation were observed on types I and IV collagen as well as vitronectin for the alpha 2 subunit knockdown clone and on all tested ECM proteins for the beta 1 subunit knockdown clone, relative to the alpha 3 subunit and non-target control clones. Significant decreases in cell migration were noted on types I and IV collagen for the alpha 2 subunit knockdown clone and on types I and IV collagen and fibronectin for the beta 1 subunit knockdown clone, compared to the alpha 3 subunit and non-target control clones. In a fluorescent orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, knockdown of the beta 1 integrin subunit significantly inhibited tumor growth, with no ascites formation and no metastasis observed (n=9), compared to the alpha 2 and alpha 3 integrin subunit knockdowns, and non-target control clones. Collectively, these data demonstrate a crucial role for the beta 1 integrin subunit in the progression of pancreatic cancer and suggest the beta 1 integrin subunit as a potential therapeutic target for this recalcitrant disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2322.
The Rise or Fall of the Christian Right? Conflicting Reports from the Frontline

La presentation des differentes contributions consacrees au role de la Nouvelle droite chretienne aux Etats-Unis montre que les avis concernant l'influence de ce mouvement sur la legislation et la politique divergent en fonction des definitions et des approches
Carotid Stenting: What Have You Done for Me Lately?

Olympic athletes know that the more you do something, the better you get. This dictum applies not only to riding the half-pipe and mastering a triple axel, but also to the minimally invasive placement of stents in patients to open their narrowed carotid arteries. Calvet and colleagues report that outcomes after carotid artery stenting procedures were related to the number of stents inserted by a surgeon (the “operator”) over a 1-year period (called the annual in-trial procedural volume). The investigators conducted a pooled analysis of individual patient data from three large European randomized clinical trials of stenting versus endarterectomy—surgical opening of the carotid artery—as treatments for symptomatic carotid stenosis. They examined the impact of the operator’s lifetime carotid stenting experience, in-trial volume, and lifetime experience in stenting vessels aside from the carotid artery. A multivariate analysis was used to determine the association between each procedural volume determinant (analyzed categorically in tertiles) and patient outcome. Estimates were adjusted for potential confounders, such as age, gender, and contralateral severe carotid stenosis or occlusion. The 30-day risk of stroke or death was significantly higher in patients treated by surgeons with low (mean ≤3.2 procedures/year) or intermediate (3.2 to 5.6 procedures/year) in-trial volumes when compared with patients treated by surgeons with high annual in-trial volumes (>5.6 procedures/year). Outcome was not affected by operator lifetime carotid stenting experience and lifetime experience stenting vessels aside from the carotid artery. This study illustrates an association between annual operator volume and patient outcome after carotid artery stenting procedures. Only a minority of operators in this trial (36%) performed more than 5.6 procedures each year. The findings imply potential benefits to procedural regionalization at such centers with high operator volumes. As with many technical exercises, it appears that recent volume and operator experience affect results. In other words, it’s not how many procedures your surgeon has performed in the past, but how many he or she has performed lately. D. Calvet et al ., Carotid stenting: Is there an operator effect? Pooled analysis from the carotid stenting trialists’ collaboration. Stroke 45 , 527–532 (2014). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/45/2/527.short
Indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus and oliguria.

Simultaneous administration of one dose of indomethacin (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) and furosemide (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was given to 8 consecutive premature infants who had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and oliguria because of prerenal failure. Four infants responded with ductus closure and 2 infants showed improvement in echocardiogram and clinical distress. There was a significant increase in U/O, GFR, FENa and FECl following drug administration. This study suggests that simultaneous administration of indomethacin and furosemide can be safely used in infants with PDA and oliguria.
CHAPTER 96 – Casein Kinase I and Regulation of the Circadian Clock

A multitude of physiological responses and behavioral outputs are expressed with a daily rhythm reflecting adaptation to day/night changes in environmental conditions. In the fruit fly circadian clock, a complex of two proteins, CLOCK (CLK) and CYCLE (CYC), activate expression of two genes, perio (per) and timeless (tim). PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM) proteins associate physically in the cytoplasm and after several hours translocate to the nucleus, where they interfere with the transactivation potential of CLK/CYC. Delays are built into this circuit to generate sustained cycling with a period of ≈24 hours. For example, TIM is degraded upon light exposure, and PER is degraded in the absence of TIM. Two serine/threonine protein kinases, double-time (dbt)/casein kinase I (CKI) and shaggy/GSK3, phosphorylate PER and TIM, respectively, establishing the time-course of their activities. Thus, protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in circadian rhythmicity.
Literary Texts: Comprehension and Memory

Unlike expository texts, which transmit information, narrative texts tell a story. The process of understanding such texts is complicated by defamiliarization techniques, designed to focus the reader on the linguistic surface structure of the text. Such inconsiderate texts may require special control processes (ways of reading the text) to be developed and employed by the reader. Experimental research on comprehension has relied heavily on textoids, which are simple, improverished, experimentally-generated texts. The comprehension of such texts may not be informative about how literary texts are processed. The construction-integration model of comprehension posits that readers combine the textbase, or propositions derived directly from the text, along with propositions from long-term memory, to form a situation model of the text. The CAPS/READER model proposes a production system to account for the comprehension process. The constructionist theory of inference generation suggests that readers generate a variety of on-line and off-line inferences, while the minimalist hypothesis proposes that readers draw a limited number of inferences during text comprehension. Literary texts also generate participatory responses (p-responses) in readers. These noninferential responses include hopes and preferences, as well as suspense and anomalous suspense (suspense in the absence of uncertainty).
Nonlinear network reduction for distribution networks using the holomorphic embedding method

This paper presents three different true nonlinear reduction methods to obtain network equivalents for radial (distribution-type) networks (using the holomorphically embedded power flow algorithm), which are exact, given computational precision limitations, even when the loads and the real-power generations are scaled. The proposed reduction methods are applied in this paper to reduce a radial distribution system and provide a two-bus-model equivalent which accurately models the real and reactive power load seen at the transmission network due to random changes in the distribution system load. Numerical results are provided for a radial 14-bus system to show the accuracy of the proposed methods in preserving voltages and slack bus power. The approach is shown to have better performance than Ward reduction even when the loads are increased in a random manner.
Inference and sample size calculation for clinical trials with incomplete observations of paired binary outcomes

We investigate the estimation of intervention effect and sample size determination for experiments where subjects are supposed to contribute paired binary outcomes with some incomplete observations. We propose a hybrid estimator to appropriately account for the mixed nature of observed data: paired outcomes from those who contribute complete pairs of observations and unpaired outcomes from those who contribute either pre-intervention or post-intervention outcomes. We theoretically prove that if incomplete data are evenly distributed between the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods, the proposed estimator will always be more efficient than the traditional estimator. A numerical research shows that when the distribution of incomplete data is unbalanced, the proposed estimator will be superior when there is moderate-to-strong positive within-subject correlation. We further derive a closed-form sample size formula to help researchers determine how many subjects need to be enrolled in such studies. Simulation results suggest that the calculated sample size maintains the empirical power and type I error under various design configurations. We demonstrate the proposed method using a real application example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Photoactivatable Innate Immune Receptor for Optogenetic Inflammation

Although spatial and temporal elements of immune activation mediate the intensity of the immune response, few tools exist to directly examine these effects. To elucidate the spatiotemporal aspects of innate immune responses, we designed an optogenetic pattern recognition receptor that activates in response to blue light. We demonstrate direct receptor activation, leading to spatial and temporal control of downstream signaling pathways in a variety of relevant cell types. We combined our platform with Bi-molecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC), resulting in selective fluorescent labeling of cells in which receptor activation has occurred.
Impairment in the mesohippocampal dopamine circuit following exposure to the brominated flame retardant, HBCDD

Many chemicals have been used to increase the safety of consumer products by reducing their flammability and risk for ignition. Recent focus on brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has shown them to contribute to neurobehavioral deficits in children, including learning and memory. As the manufacture and use of PBDEs have been reduced, replacement chemicals, such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) have been substituted. Our current study evaluated the neurotoxicity of HBCDD, concentrating on dopaminergic innervation to the hippocampus. Using an in vivo model, we exposed male mice to HBCDD and then assessed alterations to the dopamine synapse 6 weeks later. These exposures elicited significant reductions in presynaptic dopaminergic proteins, including TH, COMT, MAO-B, DAT, VMAT2, and alpha-synuclein. In contrast, postsynaptic dopamine receptors were not impaired. These findings suggest that the mesohippocampal dopamine circuit is vulnerable to HBCDD and the dopamine terminal may be a selective target for alteration.
A low-power 10-bit 250 MS/s dual-channel pipeline ADC in 0.18 μm CMOS

This paper presents a 10-bit 250-MS/s time-interleaved pipelined analog-to-digital data converter (ADC). A distributed clocking scheme is developed to eliminate timing skew between channels without introducing load capacitance to the driving buffer of the ADC. The channel offset and gain mismatch errors are calibrated in digital domain. In addition, a switch-embedded opamp-sharing technique is developed to reduce the ADC power consumption and eliminate the memory effect. The simulated SNDR and SFDR are 61.84 dB and 78.2 dB, respectively. The ADC core consumes 28 mW under a 1.8 V supply at 250 MS/s sampling rate.
Promiscuous viruses—how do viruses survive multiple unrelated hosts?

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) require efficient replication in taxonomically divergent hosts in order to perpetuate in nature. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the phylogenetic position of arthropod-borne viruses relative to insect-specific viruses, which appear to be more common and ecological requirements for successful adoption of the 'arbovirus phenotype.' Several molecular and other mechanisms that permit replication in divergent hosts are also discussed.
Analysis of Surface Foam Holes Associated with Depth-Limited Breaking

ABSTRACT Benbow, C.A.; MacMahan, J.H., and Thornton, E.B., 2017. Analysis of surface foam holes associated with depth-limited breaking. The behavior of surf zone foam holes, as observed at the surface and associated with depth-limited breaking, was investigated. Aerial imagery of the surf zone was obtained with a small, unmanned quadcopter that supported an integrated, high-resolution camera. The quadcopter is an ideal platform for acquiring images directly above the surf zone, a requirement to obtain the requisite resolution. The images were georectified so that size, shape, orientation, and evolution of the wave-generated foam patterns could be quantified. Three hypotheses are proposed for foam-hole generation: obliquely descending eddies (ODEs), self-organization because of bubble rise, and bottom-generated turbulent boils. The fringe region was the most seaward foam region and was marked with circular foam rings that increased in area and were more distinct with time. The fringe region data were consi...
Education for Employment: Is the Null Hypothesis Proven Too Frequently?

Employment prospects vary for college graduates, with a few courses of study leading to an overabundance of opportunity. For the majority of students, there is significant mismatch between training preparation and actual job demand in either type of job, location of job, or skills required in job. This qualitative study examined integration of desired employment activities and aptitudes into 30 sections of different graduate courses in counseling over four school years to ascertain student perception of enhancement of job preparation. Activites focused on four areas that research indicated to offer benefit for student employment preparation: engagement in work-simulated skills practice; engagement in course group activiteis; participation in service learning volunteerism; and student pro-activity. Many students were already working in the general field of study such as school teachers pursuing a degree in school counseling. Student feedback indicated perceived benefit and efficacy toward preparation for desired post-degree job. Further study is indicated in this potential integration with expansion of study into multiple fields of study and into both undergraduate and graduate programs.
Identifying corrosion of carbon steel buried in iron ore and coal cargoes based on recurrence quantification analysis of electrochemical noise

Abstract The effect of bulk cargo materials - iron ore and coal – on the corrosion of cargo hulls in carriers was investigated using electrochemical noise. Two reference corrosion systems were set up with the steel samples in contact with moist silica sand and immersed in NaCl solution, which generated localised corrosion and general corrosion, respectively. The electrochemical noise was measured and recurrence quantification analysis was used to extract feature variables. A random forest model using these feature variables as predictors was able to discriminate between the two reference corrosion systems. This model was successfully applied to the assessment of carbon steel corrosion in iron ore and coal. The results predicted by the model were in agreement with visual and microscopic observations of the relevant corroded steel samples. This work provides a novel analytical approach to future on-line monitoring of carrier structures in contact with bulk cargoes.
Pharmacokinetics of ferric pyrophosphate citrate administered via dialysate and intravenously to pediatric patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Iron deficiency is a common cause of anemia in pediatric patients with hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD-5HD). Ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC, Triferic®) donates iron directly to transferrin, bypassing the reticuloendothelial system and avoiding iron sequestration. Administration of FPC via dialysate or intravenously (IV) may provide a suitable therapeutic option to current IV iron preparations for these patients. The pharmacokinetics and safety of FPC administered via dialysate and IV to patients aged < 6 years (n = 3), 6 to < 12 years (n = 4), and 12 to <18 years (n = 15) were investigated in a multicenter, open-label, two-period, single-dose study. FPC (0.07 mg iron/kg) was infused IV into the venous blood return line during hemodialysis session no. 1. FPC iron was added to bicarbonate concentrate to deliver 2 μM (110 μg/L) iron via dialysate during hemodialysis session no. 2. Mean serum total iron concentrations peaked 3 to 4 h after administration via dialysate and 2 to 4 h after IV administration and returned to baseline by 10 h after the start of hemodialysis for both routes. Iron exposure was greater after administration via dialysate than after IV administration. The absolute amount of absorbed iron after administration via dialysate roughly doubled with increasing age, but the weight-normalized amount of absorbed iron was relatively constant across age groups (~ 0.06–0.10 mg/kg). FPC was well tolerated in the small number of patients studied. FPC iron can be administered to pediatric patients with CKD-5HD via dialysate or by the IV route. Further study of FPC administered to maintain hemoglobin concentration is indicated.
Mind the Gaps: Exploring the Use of Technology to Facilitate Parental Involvement, Particularly for Historically Underserved Populations

Decades of research establishes positive associations between parental involvement and a number of important student outcomes, including student achievement. Furthermore, a number of technological innovations make facilitating parental involvement more possible than ever. Those possibilities, however, require varying levels of technological sophistication and infrastructure developments in the homes and communities. That a well-documented digital divide exists between low-income and more-affluent communities means that students and families who live in low-income communities—generally, people of color—can be denied access to opportunities for meaningful involvement in and engagement with the schools. To avoid creating an opportunity gap, school leaders must therefore understand and work with the families and communities whom they serve as they move toward technological facilitation of home–school–community connections. Late in 2004, the superintendent of the Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools in Tennessee, Dr. Pedro Garcia, undertook an act of community engagement that was equally brave and noteworthy. Garcia invited the entire community to complete a survey to elicit opinions on his job performance. Over 2,000 community residents completed the Journal of School Public Relations Volume 28—Winter 2007 57 07_167_5Becker.qxd 4/16/07 10:27 AM Page 57
Fiscal crisis of the Polish state: Genesis of the 1980 strikes

The explosion of industrial militancy in Poland during July and August 1980 left few who followed the daily developments untouched. The ironies inherent in the confrontation were so numerous, complex, and profound, that they generated considerable interest throughout the Western world. Whether it was the phenomenon of Polish workers apparently demanding communism without the communists, that of the AFL-CIO providing aid to workers in an ostensibly socialist system, or that of Western financial capital interests lining up on the side of a communist government against its own working class, many an observer has discerned in some aspect of the crisis a unique development which demands adjustment in the way in which we think about industrial relations, communist systems, and politics more generally in the industrial societies of the late twentieth century. Even those of us who had been interested in Polish industrial relations before the recent crisis discovered in it much food for thought; for although it is to some extent obviously another (albeit more extreme) instance of the long historical trend of working class-state confrontation in Poland, there are also a number of aspects of the crisis which seem importantly different from those of 1956, 1970-71 and 1976. The three most obvious of these concern the historically unparalleled staying power and organizational self-discipline of the striking workers; the different social groupings, with the intellectuals allying themselves to the workers and the Catholic church equivocating and finally coming out against the continuation of the strikes and for the forces of "order"; and the response of the Party to the crisis, which was more subtle and sophisticated than in previous years. The authorities seemed more genuinely concerned, perhaps because they had no other option, to search for a political resolution
Chronic Unpredictable Stress Reduces Immunostaining for Connexins 43 and 30 and Myelin Basic Protein in the Rat Prelimbic and Orbitofrontal Cortices

BackgroundAstrocytes and oligodendrocytes are pathologically altered in dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices in major depressive disorder. In rat models of stress (major depressive di...
A model for trauma-informed primary care

Childhood trauma has been associated with negative health behaviors and conditions in adulthood. However, few primary care providers screen for trauma or alter their care to accommodate the multiple effects of trauma on patient health. The purposes of this article were to discuss the health consequences of childhood trauma and to offer a model for trauma-informed primary care (TIPC). The TIPC model provides a guide for primary care providers to screen for adverse childhood experiences and personalize the care of patients with a history of childhood trauma. The model, based on the trauma-informed care model used in mental health, has five components: (a) screening and trauma recognition, (b) understanding the health effects of trauma, (c) patient-centered communication and care, (d) emphasis on emotional safety and avoiding triggers, and (e) knowledge of helpful treatment for trauma patients. The TIPC model offers a theoretical underpinning for improving the care, health care experiences, and health outcomes for patients with a history of childhood trauma.
“Islam” means peace: Understanding the Muslim principle of nonviolence today, by Amitabh Pal

While the word Islam is derived from a root rendered as “peace” in Arabic, today it is a religion that is associated with violence more than any other world religion. On the one hand, some Muslim e...
Electrically conductive asphalt concrete: An alternative for automating the winter maintenance operations of transportation infrastructure

Abstract Hot mix asphalt (HMA) was modified with carbon fiber (CF) to achieve electrically conductive asphalt concrete with applications to pavement anti-icing and de-icing. The volume resistivity of such electrically conductive asphalt concrete was compared with that of electrically conductive asphalt mastic. Then, the temperature increase, the power consumption, and the snow melting capability of electrically conductive asphalt concrete were evaluated. Lastly, a conceptual cost estimation was performed based on data obtained from lab investigations, publicly available bid records, and the experience gained from the field implementation of a heated pavement system made of electrically conductive portland cement concrete.
Konsep LAM Dalam Dunia Kearsipan di Indonesia

Konsep Library, Archives, Museum (LAM) sebenarnya telah berkembang sejak tahun 1990-an, di dunia. Hal ini muncul ketika lembaga-lembaga ini melihat misi mereka tumpang tindih, padahal, kegiatan mereka semua adalah sama, yaitu sebagai sumber informasi. Dalam karya tulis ini, penulis mencoba mengkaji bagaimana konsep LAM dalam dunia kearsipan di Indonesia. Dengan tujuan mengetahui sejauh mana konsep LAM telah menyentuh dunia kearsipan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dimana penulis melakukan observasi, wawancara hingga tinjauan pustaka. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dunia kearsipan di Indoensia selama ini telah berkolaborasi dengan perpsutakaan maupun museum. Hal ini dilihat dari struktur lembaga di daerah dimana adanya penggabungan antara fungsi arsip dan perpustakaan bahkan hingga permuseuman. Selain itu di bidang preservasi, selama ini arsiparis bidang preservasi sering menjadi narasumber di museum, terutama preservasi koleksi kertas. Terlebih saat ini dengan banyak bermunculannya “diorama” yang dibangun oleh lembaga kearsipan, diorama notabene adalah bagian dari museum, maka akan menjadi bagian dari asosiasi museum di daerah maupun pusat.
Differential Transformation of a Motor Load Model for Time-Domain Simulation.

The Differential Transformation (DT) method has demonstrated its potential in speeding up power system time-domain simulation by our previous work. This letter further derives DTs about a motor load model and proves that the nonlinear current injection equation about a motor load can be transformed into a linear equation by means of DT.
Enhancing the performance of a single-basin single-slope solar still by using Fresnel lens: Experimental study

Abstract A refraction-based methodology for concentrating sunlight is proposed to augment the pure water production of a conventional solar still. The Fresnel lens (FRL) was integrated with a single-basin, single-slope solar still to refract the incident sunlight to a focal point that was constantly located on the basin bottom. Due to the introduction of the FRL, two major impressive findings were observed. The first observation was a high hourly productivity window (HHPW), during which the proposed system produced fresh water at a relatively high and stable rate. The second one was the occurrence of nucleate boiling phenomenon, which is believed to significantly increase the heat transfer coefficient for the phase change process of the basin water. Consequently, with the increased heat input and the high heat transfer rate, the utilization of FRL achieved a significant pure water production enhancement (L/m2/day) of about 467%, as well as a significant daily efficiency (η) improvement of about 84.7%, compared to a conventional system without FRL. A series of tests were conducted to study the impact of the operational parameters on the system performance. The system daily output demonstrated a linear and negative correlation with water depth (dw) in the basin. The introduction of forced air cooling showed a positive impact on system performance and enhanced the distillate yield. It was also found that increasing dw or/and applying forced air cooling effect could benefit from increasing η.