cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steroid regulation of estrogen and progestin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in monkey hypothalamus and pituitary

The regulation of estrogen and progestin receptor (ER and PR, respectively) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein by their cognate hormones was examined in the hypothalamus and pituitary of steroid-treated monkeys. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were ovariectomized, hysterectomized (spayed), and implanted with SILASTIC brand capsules containing 17 beta-estradiol (E) or progesterone (P). The spayed control group received empty capsules. The E-treated group received E-filled capsules for 28 days. The E + P-treated animals received an E-filled capsule for 28 days and then a P-filled capsule for the last 14 of the 28 days. Steroid regulation of ER and PR mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and pituitary was examined with in situ hybridization. In the hypothalamus, ER and PR immunodetectable proteins were also examined in nearby sections. In the pituitary, mRNA levels were compared to previous ER and PR protein analysis of identically treated animals. E treatment induced PR mRNA in the medial basal hypothalamus and p...
The possible role of intracellular receptors in the expression of narcotic antagonist precipitated abstinence.

The antagonist potencies of methylnaloxone and naloxone were measured for morphine in the isolated guinea pig ileum by the pA2 method and a potency ratio determined. A second potency ratio was determined by comparing the concentration of each antagonist required to produce abstinence-like contractures of ileal tissues from morphine-treated guinea pigs. If the latter response required penetration of the cell membrane lipid bilayer, one would expect methylnaloxone, a quaternary amine, to be significantly less potent than naloxone. Comparison of potency ratios for methylnaloxone and naloxone did not support this hypothesis.
774-4 Echocardiographic Cardiac Rejection Surveillance Using Acoustic Densitometry of Two Dimensional Ultrasound Backscatter Imaging: Multiple Views and Regions of Interest

On the hypothesis that cyclic variation of integrated backscatter (CV/IBS) could detect acute cardiac allograft rejection (REJ) independent of the echo view and location of the region of interest (ROI), CV/BS was measured in 54 cardiac transplant patients. IBS images were made in the long axis (LAX) and short axis views at papillary muscle level (SAX) using a 2.5 MHz transducer. Acoustic densitometry with on-line analysis was performed in 83 biopsy cases analyzing 6 ROls: septal (SEP), basal posterior (POST) and mid posterior wall (MID) in the LAX view and anterior (ANT), inferior (INF) and MID of the SAX views individually and in combination. Of 83 biopsies, 27 had mild REJ and 6 had moderate REJ. Significant differences in the magnitude of CV/IBS between non-REJ and both mild and moderate REJ were found at SEP and POST in the LAX view. Combining ROls in the LAX and/or the SAX views showed more significant discrimination of REJ. CV of IBS (dB) Individual ROI LONG AXIS (LAX) SHORT AXIS (LAX) SEP POST MID ANT INF MID non REJ 6.0 ± 1.4 6.6 ± 1.8 5.2 ± 1.4 5.8 ± 1.9 4.6 ± 1.4 5.5 ± 1.4 mild REJ 4.5 ± 1.3 ** 5.2 ± 1.6 † 4.5 ± 1.4 4.5 ± 1.3 † 3.8 ± 1.0 4.5 ± 1.3 † moderate REJ 3.9 ± l.4 † 4.3 ± 0.9 † 4.0 ± 1.3 4.5 ± 0.9 4.0 ± 0.8 4.6 ± 1.7 Combined ROls LAX LAX LAX–SEP + LAX-POST + (SEP + POST) (SEP + POST + MID) SAX–ANT SAX–MID non REJ 12.5 ± 2.7 17.7 ± 3.4 11.8 ± 2.6 12.1 ± 28 mild REJ 9.8 ± 2.6 ** 14.2 ± 3.6 ** 9.1 ± 2.2 ** 9.7 ± 2.7 ** moderate REJ 8.2 ± 2.3 ** 12.2 ± 3.4 ** 8.5 ± 2.1 † 8.8 ± 1.B * * p l 0.01 † p l 0.005 ** p l 0.001 vs. non-REJ These data indicate that the magnitude of CV/IBS is highly dependent upon the view and ROI location. Therefore careful selection of views and ROls is necessary for detection of REJ. The combination of CV/IBS from many ROls may be more sensitive for diagnosis of REJ than the measurement from any individual site.
Disgust and anger in social anxiety

Much of the research on information processing in social anxiety is based on the assumption that anger (e.g., seeing a frowning face) is the negative emotion most threatening to individuals with social anxiety. However, socially anxious individuals also fear being evaluated as incompetent or disgusting, rather than anger-provoking. While some studies have examined attention and identification processes for disgust expressions in social anxiety, to date no study has examined the fundamental issue of perceived valence of disgust compared to anger. In the current study, we examined ratings of standardized disgust and anger facial expressions by socially anxious individuals, non-anxious controls, and a group of generally anxious and dysphoric participants who were matched to the socially anxious group on general anxiety and depression, but who were not socially anxious. Results showed that the socially anxious group rated disgust faces as more negative than the anger faces, whereas the non-anxious and general...
Absorption by Infrared Bands of Carbon Dioxide Gas at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures

Experimental data and empirical correlations for the total absorption of band groups at 15, 10.4, 9.4, 7.5, 5.2, 4.8, 4.3, 2.7, 1.6, and 1.4 μ are presented for carbon dioxide gas in nitrogen at total pressures from 0.5 to 10 atm, temperatures from 294° to 1390°K (530° to 2500°R) and mole fractions from 0.05 to 1.00. The data were obtained from low-resolution measurements of the spectral absorptivity. Use of optical paths of 129 cm at 294°K and 38.8 cm at that and higher temperatures resulted in a range of mass path lengths from 10 to 24 500 g/m2.
Video server scheduling using random early request migration

Video request migration among servers to achieve effective video-on-demand (VoD) services is investigated in this work. Our study is focused on the design and analysis of a random early migration (REM) scheme for user requests. When a new request is dispatched to a video server, the REM-based scheduler decides whether request migration is needed with a certain probability, which is a function of the service load. To analyze the request migration process, we introduce a state matrix representation that stores the service load information of each video server and plays an important role in the determination of migration paths. Based on this representation, we develop two methods to calculate performance metrics: the service failure rate and the system delay in service migration. Simulation results show that the REM scheme outperforms both the DASD dancing algorithm [1] and the traditional migration scheme adopted in [2,3] with shorter service delay and lower failure rates. It is also confirmed that our theoretical results match well with experimental results.
Manganese and Microbial Pathogenesis: Sequestration by the Mammalian Immune System and Utilization by Microorganisms

Bacterial and fungal pathogens cause a variety of infectious diseases and constitute a significant threat to public health. The human innate immune system represents the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes and employs a range of chemical artillery to combat these invaders. One important mechanism of innate immunity is the sequestration of metal ions that are essential nutrients. Manganese is one nutrient that is required for many pathogens to establish an infective lifestyle. This review summarizes recent advances in the role of manganese in the host–pathogen interaction and highlights Mn(II) sequestration by neutrophil calprotectin as well as how bacterial acquisition and utilization of manganese enables pathogenesis.
Investigation of 1H MRS for quantification of hepatic triglyceride in lean and obese cats.

Abstract 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is the preferred technique for noninvasive quantification of hepatic triglyceride in humans. Domestic cats are subject to liver lipid accumulation, but MRS has not been investigated for quantification of liver fat in cats. The purpose of this project was to explore a technique for 1H MRS measurement of hepatic triglyceride in lean and obese cats. Hepatic 1H MRS was performed, using a 3T imaging unit and a single-voxel spin-echo spectroscopy sequence, on 6 lean (3.3–4.6 kg) and 12 obese cats (5.2–9.8 kg). Median liver fat percentages in lean and obese cats were 1.3% and 6.8%, respectively. Results are biologically plausible, based on chemical assay in a separate group of cats; however, full validation of the method is necessary before other conclusions can be drawn. This report should provide a foundation for the further development of spectroscopic techniques for studying hepatic lipid accumulation in cats.
The influence of cytochrome b559 on the fluorescence yield of chloroplasts at low temperature

Abstract The maximum light-induced fluorescence yield, FM, of spinach chloroplasts at − 196 °C was less when the chloroplasts were oxidized with ferricyanide prior to freezing; the minimum fluorescence yield, F0, of the dark-adapted chloroplasts at − 196 °C was unaffected. The ratio of the fluorescence yields, F M F 0 , measured at 695 nm at low temperature was 4.5–5.0 for normal chloroplasts and 2.0–2.5 in the presence of ferricyanide. The oxidative titration curve of FM followed a 1 electron Nernst equation with a midpoint potential of 365 mV and followed closely to the oxidation of cytochrome b559. The photoreduction of C−550 at low temperature was the same at all redox potentials over the range of 200–500 mV. It is suggested that a relatively strong oxidant associated with the water-splitting side of Photosystem II, possibly the primary electron donor, can chlorophyll fluorescence of Photosystem II as well as the primary electron acceptor.
Confidence interval estimation of population means subject to order restrictions using resampling procedures

Abstract This article addresses the problem of constructing confidence intervals for ordered population means of k independent normal populations using jackknife and bootstrap methodologies. The goal is to achieve the nominal coverage probability with width of the interval no bigger than that of the standard confidence interval centered at the unrestricted maximum likelihood estimator (UMLE). Confidence intervals considered in this article are based on the point estimator introduced in Hwang and Peddada (1994). The methodology described in this article is applicable to a reasonably broad class of order restrictions. It is seen that the bootstrap procedures such as the percentile method, the BC method and the BCa method fail rather badly, while the confidence intervals based on weighted jackknife performs very well. Simulation studies suggest that the new procedure is robust even if the data are obtained from heavy tailed distributions such as t distribution with very small degrees of freedom.
Thyroid hormone regulation of hypothalamic immunoreactive thyrotropin.

Abstract Immunoreactive TSH (IR-TSH) has been identified in the hypothalamus and other brain areas in intact and hypophysectomized rats. To determine if thyroid hormones regulate IR-TSH in the rat brain, the effects of T3 and T4 on pituitary and hypothalamic IR-TSH content were studied in intact and hypophysectomized rats. Female rats received daily injections of T3 (0.1, 1.0, or 10 μg/100 g BW) or T4 (0.5, 2.5, or 5.0 μg/100 g BW) for 7 days. The chronic administration of T3 and T4 decreased the plasma concentration and pituitary content of IR-TSH in a dose-dependent manner. In intact rats, the administration of T3 did not affect the content of IR-TSH in the median eminence, ventral hypothalamus, or dorsal hypothalamus. In contrast, administration of T4 significantly increased the content of IR-TSH in the median eminence and ventral hypothalamus in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, in hypophysectomized rats daily administration of T4 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the concentration of IR-TSH ...
Monitoring of hydrocarbons in benthic crustaceans during offshore drilling and petroleum exploration

Seventy samples representing 5 species of crustaceans were obtained. Each sample represents a pooled group of conspeciflc animals collected at a particular location in the sampling grid. These 70 samples were made up of 22 from the predrilling period, 18 from the drilling period, and 30 from the postdrilling collection period. Two species of decapod shrimp, Penaeus setiferus and Trachypenaeus similis) are represented in all three periods. Although present in the trawl collections, not enough individuals of the decapod shrimp Penaeus duoraroumnor of the stomatopods Squilla chydea or Squilla empus@ were available to allow their analysis in every sampling period. Immediately after collection, animals were placed in solvent-rinsed glass Jars topped with aluminum-foillined caps and frozen. Samples were maintained at -20°C or colder until analysis.
Hot and cold in women's ethnotherapeutics: the American-Mexican West

The purpose of this paper is to report the current status of hot/cold principles in the ethnotherapeutics of women of southwestern U.S.A., northwestern Mexico. The paper presents a secondary data analysis from three studies, including a data bank of Women's Ethnotherapeutic Agents derived from literature searches, interviews of women in research of Mexican American Grandmothers as Health Care Advisors, and research in the historical roots of the ethnotherapeutic agents used in contemporary domestic medicine. This report presents women's home remedies, what these remedies are believed to do, and the sources of this domestic therapy knowledge. It concentrates on persistence and change in one aspect of the theoretical base of these remedies, their humoral complexional classification. In the analysis of data from these studies, continuation of aspects of the hot/cold theory is demonstrated. It is suggested that the persistence is tacit, with the lack of articulated knowledge of humoral theory today stemming from the content of contemporary remedy books. Instead of arguing either diffusion or independent invention, commonly held ethnophysiological concepts are offered as a possible explanation for the persistence of hot and cold therapy practices.
Bilateral Laparoscopic Partial Adrenalectomy: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the standard of care for benign adrenal diseases. Partial adrenalectomy has been performed for various tumors to preserve adrenal function while avoiding steroid supplements postoperatively. This article discusses a patient that underwent bilateral laparoscopic partial adrenalectomies for bilateral pheochromocytomas and reviews the literature on partial adrenalectomy. A 40-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of hypertension and an emergent Caesarian section for pre-eclampsia presented to an outside clinic with labile blood pressure, diaphoresis, palpitations, and headache. Physical examination was unremarkable with no bruits appreciated in the neck or abdomen. Medical management of her hypertension was initiated with minimal response. Ultimately, a 24-h urine demonstrated elevated urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine levels consistent with a pheochromocytoma. An abdomen and pelvis computed tomogram revealed bilateral, discrete, solid adrenal masses measuring 3.9 × 3.3 cm and 2.3 × 2.7 cm on the left and right, respectively. Selective adrenal venous sampling confirmed bilateral biochemically active pheochromocytomas. Bilateral laparoscopic partial adrenalectomies were performed using laparoscopic staplers to divide the tumor from the normal gland. Both adrenal veins were preserved. Glucocorticoid function was monitored by serial cortisol measurements and glucocorticoid supplementation was initiated on postoperative day one with a 4-week taper. At 1-year follow-up, she remains asymptomatic with a normal blood pressure, cortisol levels, and urine catecholamines. Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomies for bilateral pheochromocytomas are safe and effective. Partial resections preserve adrenal function while eradicating long-term steroid requirements.
Stress and coping of parents caring for a child with mitochondrial disease

Abstract Mitochondrial disease comprises a group of rare, genetic, life-limiting, neurodegenerative disorders known to affect children. Little is known about disease-related challenges, parental stress, and coping when caring for a child with a mitochondrial disease. Purpose: This study explored disease-related characteristics and parental stressors and coping behaviors related to caring for a child with mitochondrial disease. Methods: Internet surveys were posted on known mitochondrial disease websites for parent completion. Surveys included demographic items and two questionnaires: Coping Inventory for Parents (CHIP) and Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP). Descriptive data were collected and correlations used to determine relationships between parenting stress, coping, and demographic variables. Results: The majority of participants ( n =231) were mothers (95%) of children with mitochondrial disease around the age of 10years ( M =9.85). On average, children had 6 organs involved ( M =6.02) and saw 7 different specialists ( M =7.49); 61% were hospitalized in the past year. Significant correlations ( p
Problem-Based Learning and High School Macroeconomics: A Comparative Study of Instructional Methods

The authors examined the potential differences between problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional instructional approaches in building knowledge of macroeconomic concepts and principles in high school students. Using data from 252 economics students at 11 high schools and controlling for individual characteristics, most notably verbal ability, they found modest evidence that, in the aggregate, PBL increased learning of macroeconomics at the high school level as compared with traditional classes. They found strong evidence of an instructional interaction with teachers such that, for some teachers, students' learning of macroeconomics increased using PBL but, for others, learning increased using more traditional instructional methods. Still other teachers saw no significant difference in learning under the two instructional strategies. The results suggest that problem-based instruction can improve student learning if instructors who are well trained in both the PBL technique and economics implement it.
Effects of catecholamines on ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis by renal cortex in vitro.

Abstract Norepinephrine (arterenol) and a synthetic catecholamine, isoproterenol, increase the production of ammonia and glucose from glutamine and glutamate by rat renal cortical slices in vitro. The stimulation of both ammonia and glucose production by isoproterenol was greater than that observed with identical molar concentrations of arterenol. Isoproterenol markedly increased the concentration of cyclic AMP in rat renal cortical slices. Addition of propranolol, a β-adrenergic blocking agent, prevented the increase of cyclic AMP levels induced by isoproterenol. Cyclic AMP increased both ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis by kidney cortex. Thehe increase in ammonia production produced by isoprotenol was blocked by the addition of propranolol. It is concluded that the increase in ammonia and glucose production caused by isoproterenol is mediated through the release of cyclic AMP.
Observations on the kinetoplast-mitochondrion and the cytostome of Bodo.

Abstract The Feulgen-positive kinetoplast of Bodo sp. resembles the kinetoplasts of trypanosomes in ultrastructure. In direct continuity with it is a single, long, sinuous mitochondrion that encircles the body completely. Near the anterior depression from which the two flagella emerge is an apical cup, possibly serving as a cytostome, from which a deep open channel descends into the cell. Its cavity is lined by a membrane and surrounded by fibers that in appearance and number resemble the fibers of a flagellum, and that originate with the flagellar basal bodies near the kinetoplast.
Peripartum cardiac failure in a woman with Graves' disease

A case of peripartum cardiac failure is reported in a 20-year-old gravida 3, para 3 black female. The patient was 6 weeks postpartum. Graves' disease had been diagnosed in the first trimester of her pregnancy. The patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of fever, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Physical examination revealed signs of congestive heart failure and anasarca. Chest x-ray revealed bilateral pleural effusions, and an abdominal series was consistent with ascites. Bedside electrocardiogram revealed pan-hypokinesis of all four cardiac chambers. The authors believe that this is the first case reported in the literature of peripartum cardiac failure occurring in a patient with Graves' disease.
The November 2004 superstorm: Comparison of low-latitude TEC observations with LLIONS model results

Abstract We investigate the effects of penetration electric fields, meridional thermospheric neutral winds, and composition perturbation zones (CPZs) on the distribution of low-latitude plasma during the 7–11 November 2004 geomagnetic superstorm. The impact on low-latitude plasma was assessed using total electron content (TEC) measurements from a latitudinally distributed array of ground-based GPS receivers in South America. Jicamarca Radio Observatory incoherent scatter radar measurements of vertical E × B drift are used in combination with the Low-Latitude IONospheric Sector (LLIONS) model to examine how penetration electric fields and meridional neutral winds shape low-latitude TEC. It is found that superfountain conditions pertain between ∼1900 and 2100 UT on 9 November, creating enhanced equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests at ±20° geomagnetic latitude. Large-amplitude and/or long-duration changes in the electric field were found to produce significant changes in EIA plasma density and latitudinal location, with a delay time of ∼2–2.5 h. Superfountain drifts were primarily responsible for EIA TEC levels; meridional winds were needed only to create hemispherical crest TEC asymmetries. The [O/N 2 ] density ratio (derived from the GUVI instrument, flown on the TIMED satellite) and measurements of total atmospheric density (from the GRACE satellites), combined with TEC measurements, yield information regarding a likely CPZ that appeared on 10 November, suppressing TEC for over 16 h.
Acute hydrocortisone administration does not affect subjective responses to d-amphetamine in humans

Rationale: Stress and glucocorticoids facilitate and reinstate psychostimulant self-administration in rodents. However, the effects of stress and glucocorticoids on the subjective and behavioral effects of psychostimulants have not been well studied in humans. Objectives: To examine the effects of acute hydrocortisone pretreatment on the subjective and behavioral effects of d-amphetamine. Methods: Hydrocortisone (100 mg) and d-amphetamine (20 mg) were administered orally to 16 healthy male and female volunteers in a four-session, placebo-controlled, within-subject, crossover design. To prevent stomach irritation, subjects received rantidine hydrochloride before each experimental session. Dependent measures included self-reported mood and subjective effects (Addiction Research Center inventory, the profile of mood states, and a series of visual analogue scales), vital signs, salivary cortisol, and psychomotor performance. Results: Hydrocortisone elevated salivary cortisol levels, produced modest dysphoria, and reduced subjects' reports of wanting more drug. However, hydrocortisone pretreatment did not affect any of the physiological, behavioral, or subjective effects of d-amphetamine. Conclusions: In contrast to the effects of glucocorticoids in rodent studies, these results indicate that an acute increase in cortisol does not enhance the psychostimulant effects of d-amphetamine in humans.
A vertex similarity-based framework to discover and rank orphan disease-related genes

A rare or orphan disease (OD) is any disease that affects a small percentage of the population. While opportunities now exist to accelerate progress toward understanding the basis for many more ODs, the prioritization of candidate genes is still a critical step for disease-gene identification. Several network-based frameworks have been developed to address this problem with varied results. We have developed a novel vertex similarity (VS) based parameter-free prioritizing framework to identify and rank orphan disease candidate genes. We validate our approach by using 1598 known orphan disease-causing genes (ODGs) representing 172 orphan diseases (ODs). We compare our approach with a state-of-art parameter-based approach (PageRank with Priors or PRP) and with another parameter-free method (Interconnectedness or ICN). Our results show that VS-based approach outperforms ICN and is comparable to PRP. We further apply VS-based ranking to identify and rank potential novel candidate genes for several ODs. We demonstrate that VS-based parameter-free ranking approach can be successfully used for disease candidate gene prioritization and can complement other network-based methods for candidate disease gene ranking. Importantly, our VS-ranked top candidate genes for the ODs match the known literature, suggesting several novel causal relationships for further investigation.
Enhancing Instructional Time Through Attention to Metacognition

This article describes the relationship between metacognition, defined as awareness and regulation of cognitive activity, and the learning needs of students who are experiencing academic difficulty. Investigations of metacognitive instruction to enhance memory skills, to increase text comprehension, and to improve written expression and math performance arc reported. Particular attention is paid to the role of the teacher and learner in the acquisition and self-control of the targeted cognitive strategies.
Attributions of Hate The Media's Causal Attributions of a Homophobic Murder

Attributions are examined within the context of media representations of an antigay hate crime. It was predicted that media sources from different political/ideological viewpoints would differ in their attributions regarding Matthew Shepard's murder, and these differences in attributions would be associated with overall attitudes toward homosexuality and hate crimes in general. Consistent with the authors' predictions, conservative media representations were less likely to attribute the incident itself to the political climate, thereby downplaying the role of situational factors. At the same time, the same conservative representations presented homosexuality as a controllable condition, thereby emphasizing situational attributions. In addition, a regression analysis suggests that attributions mediate the relationship between political viewpoint and (a) attitudes toward stricter hate crime legislation and (b) sympathy toward the gay community.
Dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attentional dysfunction. It is familial and heritable. Its pathophysiology is thought to involve an abnormality of the brain's dopaminergic neurotransmitter system. Recent work has identified a distinct polymorphism of the dopamine D4 receptor gene in normal people with a behavioral temperament profile characterized by features of "novelty seeking" which include impulsive and exploratory behaviors. These personality traits are also characteristic of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, especially the hyperactive–impulsive type. This study investigated the relationship between dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism, temperament categories, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 81 children with the disorder and 24 control subjects. There was no significant association between dopamine D4 receptor gene alleles, Novelty Seeking traits, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder–Hyperactive impulsive type or Inattentive type.
Alphabet- and entropy-constrained vector quantization of image pyramids

A recently introduced algorithm for multirate vector quantization is used for coding image pyramids. The algorithm, called alphabet- and entropy-constrained vector quantization (AECVQ), operates by optimally choosing sub-codebooks from a large generic codebook. Simulations using 1-D AR and speech samples and full-band image data have shown the performance of AECVQ to be equal to that of entropy-constrained VQ (ECVQ); however, the ECVQ,which is also the best existing vector quantizer, is a single-rate coder. Excellent results at 1 bpp and below, judged both visually and using peak-to-peak SNR criterion, have been obtained by coding image pyramids using the AECVQ algorithm. These results demonstrate significant improvements over existing schemes. Although an AECVQ-based image coding scheme is considerably complex, it can be implemented in real time using current VLSI technology.
FPGA/FPAA-based rapid prototyping environment for mixed signal systems

In this paper, we present a rapid prototyping environment for mixed signal systems. The environment consists of programmable mixed signal hardware together with a set of integrated CAD tools to enable fast prototyping of mixed signal designs from high-level specifications. The prototyping hardware comprises of field-programmable analog arrays and field-programmable gate arrays on which the analog and digital sections of the design are respectively implemented. Field-programmable interconnect routes signals between multiple devices. A bank of data converters constitutes the interface between the analog and digital parts. Design tools are required to map the given design onto the prototyping hardware. The high-level design specification is first compiled into an intermediate format suitable for synthesis. Following this, the design is partitioned into analog and digital sections. The analog and digital subsystems are synthesized for the target FPAA and FPGA devices respectively. Configuration bitstreams are generated and downloaded on to the respective devices.
The affect of speed through the water on footrope contact of a survey trawl

Abstract The affect of speed through the water on the bottom contact of a trawl footrope was experimentally investigated for the poly Nor’eastern trawl, the bottom trawl used by the Alaska fisheries science center (AFSC) to conduct stock assessment surveys. Repetitive tows were made at speeds over the ground from 2.0 to 5.0 knots at 0.5 knot intervals, bracketing the 3.0 knot speed standardly used during the surveys. For each tow, speed through water was measured by placing on the trawl a self-recording oceanographic current meter and a commercially available speed through water sensor designed for use on trawls. Height of the center bobbins above the bottom was measured using a bottom contact sensor developed at the AFSC. At speed through water less than 2.5 knots, the center bobbins were resting on the bottom and, based on video observations, were actively rolling. At 3.0 knots, the bobbins were off the bottom by an average of 1.8 cm and were often not rolling but were sufficiently close to the bottom to leave a mud cloud. At 4.0 knots, the bobbins were off the bottom by an average of 6.7 cm and rarely left a mud cloud. At 5.0 knots, the bobbins were off the bottom by an average of 14.8 cm. However, at a speed through water greater than 4.5 knots the bottom contact sensor itself was observed to lift off the bottom and the predicted distance is likely substantially underestimated. The results of the study indicate that footrope contact, and therefore trawl efficiency, is not independent of trawl speed. This implies that reductions in the variance of survey CPUE might be achievable if towing speed was standardized to speed through water rather than speed over ground.
Broadband energy harvesting using acoustic black hole structural tailoring

This paper explores the concept of an acoustic black hole (ABH) as a main design framework for performing dynamic structural tailoring of mechanical systems for vibration energy harvesting applications. The ABH is an integral feature embedded in the host structure that allows for a smooth reduction of the phase velocity, theoretically approaching zero, while minimizing the reflected energy. This mechanism results in structural areas with high energy density that can be effectively exploited to develop enhanced vibration-based energy harvesting. Fully coupled electro-mechanical models of an ABH tapered structure with surface mounted piezo-transducers are developed to numerically simulate the response of the system to both steady state and transient excitations. The design performances are numerically evaluated using structural intensity data as well as the instantaneous voltage/power and energy output produced by the piezo-transducer network. Results show that the dynamically tailored structural design enables a drastic increase in the harvested energy as compared to traditional structures, both under steady state and transient excitation conditions.
Some variants of the Bank–Holst parallel adaptive meshing paradigm

The Bank–Holst adaptive meshing paradigm is an efficient approach for parallel adaptive meshing of elliptic partial differential equations. It is designed to keep communication costs low and to take advantage of existing sequential adaptive software. While in principle the procedure could be used in any parallel environment, it was mainly conceived for use on small Beowulf clusters with a relatively small number of processors and a slow communication network. A typical calculation on such a machine might involve, say p = 32 processors, an adaptive fine mesh with a few million vertices, and use 2–3 min of computational time. In this work we, discuss a variant of the original scheme that could be used in situations where a much larger number of processors, say p > 100 is available. In this case the problem size could be much larger, say 10–100 million, with still a low to moderate computation time.
Midshaft Metatarsal Segmental Osteotomy With Plate Fixation

The biomechanical distribution of weight bearing and excessive load transmission through the forefoot has made the treatment of metatarsalgia challenging. In addition, structural pathology of the lesser toes and first ray mechanics often complicate the clinical evaluation and intraoperative assessment. Metatarsal shortening and elevating procedures provide an excellent treatment modality when conservative therapy options fail. Metatarsal osteotomies without internal fixation have accounted for high incidences of nonunion and pseudoarthrosis, whereas excessive bone resection causes a shift in metatarsal parabola, leading to alternative stress patterns and complications. The midshaft segmental osteotomy is a shortening procedure used for developing reliability and predictability in the treatment of metatarsalgia. Distal oblique osteotomies with single lag screw fixation are effective means to enhance stability, but can be technically demanding. The midshaft osteotomy with plate fixation is a simple procedure, with excellent union rates, preservation of metatarsophalangeal range of motion, and stable management of shortening. In its preliminary investigation, it has proved to be compliant with its overall objective to improve the predictability of metatarsal shortening and elevation, decreasing complications, and enhancing quality of life. First ray stabilization procedures, gastrocnemius recession, and hammer toe realignments may all influence outcome because metatarsalgia rarely occurs as an isolated condition.
Effect of a microbial inoculant (Ecosyl™ and/or a glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin) on fermentation and aerobic stability of wilted alfalfa silage

First cutting alfalfa was wilted (420 g dry matter kg−1) and was untreated (control) or treated with a microbial inoculant (Ecosyl™, Lactobacillus plantarum), a glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin, 50 or 150 ppm), or combinations of inoculant and antibiotic before ensiling. Microbial inoculation increased initial counts of lactic acid bacteria from approximately 3.5 to 4.9 log10 cfu g−1 forage. Inoculation markedly improved fermentation as evident by lower silage pH (P < 0.01), acetic acid (P < 0.05) and NH3-N (P < 0.05) contents and greater amounts of lactic acid after 56 days of ensiling. Inoculation also caused a rapid decrease in coliform bacteria and yeasts and molds. Treatment with vancomycin resulted in an immediate decrease in coliform bacteria and a tendency for lower yeast and molds throughout ensiling. Antibiotic-treated silage also had a lower silage pH (P < 0.01) relative to control silage in the early, but not the later stages of ensiling. Other aspects of fermentation were not consistently improved by vancomycin. Silages treated with both inoculant and antibiotic had fermentations similar to silages treated only with the inoculant. No additive effects of inoculant and antibiotic were detected. The pH of control silage and silage treated only with inoculant was stable up to 4 days of aerobic exposure. However, silage treated with inoculant plus antibiotic had a reduced aerobic stability as pH increased to above pH 6, and total yeasts and molds were more than 6.5 log10 cfu g−1 silage after 4 days of aerobic exposure.
Biomechanical Analysis of the Pharyngeal Swallow in Postsurgical Patients With Anterior Tongue and Floor of Mouth Resection and Distal Flap Reconstruction

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the biomechanics of pharyngeal swallow after surgery in eight patients (six men and two women) with anterior tongue and floor of mouth resections with distal flap reconstruction. Eight normal age-matched subjects were also studied. Swallowing performance was assessed following a standardized protocol with videofluoroscopy preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively for the oral cancer patients. The normal subjects received a single videofluoroscopic study. Computer-assisted biomechanical analysis was used to mark the movements of specific oropharyngeal structures over time throughout the swallow of calibrated boluses. Statistical analyses revealed that tongue base, pharyngeal wall, hyoid, laryngeal, and cricopharyngeal movements during the swallow were altered significantly after surgery for the cancer patients. Some oropharyngeal structural movements differed from those of normal control subjects before surgery. In this study, biomechanical measures indicated that there was recovery in some aspects of the pharyngeal swallow in this patient group. The duration of tongue base to pharyngeal wall contact, which was significantly reduced preoperatively and at 1 month after surgery, increased significantly to within normal levels by the 3-month postoperative evaluation. Duration of laryngeal closure and the onset of laryngeal closure relative to cricopharyngeal opening also improved significantly to within normal levels by the 3-month postoperative evaluation.
A robust fault protection architecture for low-cost nanosatellites

There is an increasing trend among many Government and commercial customers towards the use of proliferated small, low-cost satellites to replace large, expensive satellites for near-Earth applications. These small satellites are typically single-string designs that make extensive use of low-cost, commercial-grade components. Consequently, these small, low-cost satellites tend to suffer from inherent low reliability, and even relatively minor on-orbit anomalies can result in catastrophic loss of the mission. Because of the small form factors of many of these satellites, it is difficult to achieve system robustness simply by adding redundant components. In addition, the severe cost constraints imposed on these systems also precludes the use of more traditional high-reliability components. One solution to this problem is to employ a comprehensive, multi-level fault protection system that enables graceful degradation in the event of on-orbit anomalies, and that ensures that the satellite is always thermally safe, power positive, and communicative in all system modes. The fault protection system should also be capable of accommodating the multiple embedded processors that are typically found on modern small satellites. This paper will present the fault protection architecture that Sierra Nevada Corp. is currently developing for a nanosatellite demonstration program. The nanosatellite is a 14 kg space vehicle that uses a 10″ optical telescope to perform Earth imaging from 350 km altitude. This spacecraft bus makes extensive use of low-cost cubesat-class components and commercial grade parts. This paper presents an overview of the nanosatellite fault protection and flight software architecture, and discusses how this architecture results in a much more robust and reliable space vehicle.
The Role of Dispositional Resilience in Regaining Life Satisfaction after the Loss of a Spouse

The purpose of the present study was to examine dispositional resilience in the perceived stress–life satisfaction relation following conjugal loss. The sample included 55 widows, assessed on average, 1 month following the death of a spouse. Results supported dispositional resilience as a mediator (the initial relation between perceived stress and life satisfaction was significant, but reduced to a non-significant level once dispositional resilience was included in the model) and a moderator (the interaction between perceived stress and dispositional resilience significantly predicted life satisfaction) between perceived stress and life satisfaction. This research identifies personality characteristics that may be importantly involved in the adjustment to widowhood and discusses implications of mediators vs. moderators in this process.
Spin torque on molecular rotation induced by polarized electrons

We have measured the linear and circular polarization of $391.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ $\mathrm{N}_{2}{}^{+}$ $B\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{u}^{+}({v}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}({v}^{\ensuremath{''}}=0)$ $P$-branch fluorescence produced by spin-polarized electron impact excitation of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ $X\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}(v=0)$ ground states. The resulting nonzero values of the circular polarization indicate that spin-rotation coupling, in conjunction with electron exchange excitation, acts to produce oriented rotational angular momenta in the excited molecular state prior to decay.
Basilar artery dissection treated by Neuroform stenting: fungal stent infection

Abstract Background The authors describe a case of basilar artery dissection treated with Neuroform stenting. This new treatment modality for basilar artery dissection may be safer than anticoagulation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, complications associated with stenting should be taken into careful consideration. These complications include thromboembolism and stent infection. Case Description This 36-year-old white male underwent Neuroform stenting of basilar artery dissection and subsequently developed bilateral pontine infarct and fungal stent infection. This is worrisome in an otherwise healthy 36-year-old. Thromboembolism is a well-known phenomenon with endovascular stenting that may be improved with evolution in stent technology. Fungal infection of Neuroform stent in a patient with no history of immunocompromised status is of major concern. The patient subsequently underwent successful treatment of stent infection through parenteral antifungal agent. Conclusions This case report highlights the potential pitfalls of Neuroform stenting of basilar artery dissection and potential methods by which to avert these complications. Further evolution in stent technology may help prevent further complications involving Neuroform stenting of basilar artery dissection. In addition, the successful treatment of stent infection through parenteral agent demonstrates the increasing efficacy of novel antifungal agent in the treatment of these infections.
Novel ultrasensitive millimeter-wave pressure transducer utilizing a Si membrane and a stacked-patch configuration

A new highly sensitive radio frequency pressure transducer has been designed to operate in the millimeter wave frequency range that can be seamlessly integrated with other RF circuits in the LTCC multilayer packaging technology. The resonator consists of a stacked-patch based on LTCC multilayer packaging technology, having an air cavity embedded by a silicon (Si) diaphragm that deflects due to pressure change. Furthermore, the RF transducer presented here, operating in two frequency bands between 30–55 GHz, serves as both a wireless communications link and a remote sensing differential pressure indicator. This device can simultaneously simplify the design process, reduce the device's size, and reduce power consumption of the sensor at device level, providing a sensitivity of 116 MHz/um with respect to the diaphragm deflection due to pressure change. The pressure inside the air cavity can be calibrated to detect differential pressure anywhere from zero to several bars. The transducer can be directly employed in a typical remote sensing / radar system without the need for additional circuits such transceivers required in traditional wired transducers. Thus, it significantly reduces the power consumption and greatly minimize the sensor. Due to its high sensitivity and portability, in future work the RF transducer design will be modified to use multilayer organics, such as LCP so that it may be utilized as wireless implantable sensors for biomedical applications and conformal structural health monitoring devices. A prototype of the RF transducer will also be presented to demonstrate the operation of the device.
New Approach to Reliable Multipath Provisioning

We study the problem of reliably provisioning traffic in high-capacity backbone mesh networks supporting virtual concatenation (VCAT). Traditional approaches handled reliability requirements using full protection, which offers high assurance but can be costly. We take a less expensive approach by offering an expected bandwidth, rather than an absolute amount, but at lower costs than full-protection approaches. We propose a new routing algorithm that uses minimum-cost flow to find efficient collections of paths that satisfy traffic requests for expected bandwidth. We find that in most realistic network settings, paths are reliable enough so that only few additional network resources are required to compensate for the bandwidth loss incurred from possible network failures. We compared our approach to a previous algorithm under both a uniform setting, with symmetric traffic distribution and equal edge capacities, and in a more realistic setting with asymmetric traffic and differing edge capacities. Results show that our algorithm is an attractive approach in both settings, and much more effective than the previous scheme. We also compare our approach to a full-protection approach. Results show that by using fewer network resources, our algorithm is able to satisfy significantly more traffic requests than full protection. Thus, when full protection is not crucial, using our routing approach should be beneficial.