cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectral and Pseudospectral Optimal Control Over Arbitrary Grids

In advancing our prior work on a unified theory for pseudospectral (PS) optimal control, we present the mathematical foundations for spectral collocation over arbitrary grids. The computational framework is not based on any particular choice of quadrature nodes associated with orthogonal polynomials. Because our framework applies to non-Gaussian grids, a number of hidden properties are uncovered. A key result of this paper is the discovery of the dual connections between PS and Galerkin approximations. Inspired by Polak's pioneering work on consistent approximation theory, we analyze the dual consistency of PS discretization. This analysis reveals the hidden relationship between Galerkin and pseudospectral optimal control methods while uncovering some finer points on covector mapping theorems. The new theory is used to demonstrate via a numerical example that a PS method can be surprisingly robust to grid selection. For example, even when 60 % of the grid points are chosen to be uniform--the worst possible selection from a pseudospectral perspective--a PS method can still produce satisfactory result. Consequently, it may be possible to choose non-Gaussian grid points to support different resolutions over the same grid.
International Portfolio Equity Flows

This paper develops a model of international equity portfolio investment flows based on differences in informational endowments between foreign and domestic investors. It is shown that when domestic investors possess a cumulative information advantage over foreign investors about their domestic market, investors tend to purchase foreign assets in periods when the return on foreign assets is high and to sell when the return is low. The implications of the model are tested using data on U.S. equity portfolio flows.
Energy transfer and phase slip by vortex motion in superfluid4He

Abstract A discussion is given of the importance of ideas developed by Huggins for understanding the energy transfer which takes place during phase slip by vortex motion in superfluid4He, and simple examples are given. In addition, a generalization of the expression for the effective energy of an elementary excitation in flowing superfluid is presented that is applicable to a vortex system.
Effect of C Impurities in a-Si:H as Measured by Drive-Level Capacitance, Photo Current, and Electron Spin Resonance

The effect of C impurities in a-Si:H in levels of 0.4 to 2.6 at. % were studied over a wide range of metastable defect densities. Three complimentary experimental techniques [electron spin resonance (ESR), drive-level capacitance (DLC) and photo-current] were employed to track the material’s defect density with light soaking and annealing, as well as Urbach energies, midgap absorption and mobility gaps energies as a function of the C content. Our results show C impurities have a definite effect on the initial and saturated defect densities, as well as the midgap absorption and Urbach energies at levels 1 at. % and above. The results indicate that C acts mainly as a center for increased disorder in the material which results in an increase in the bandtail widths, and consequently an increase in intrinsic defects. Comparison to the ESR and drive-level data show an excellent agreement between these two techniques in determining the bulk defect densities in a-Si:H.
Introduction on Application of Pyrolysis in Dealing with Solid Refuse

The research on pyrolysis in solid refuse disposal is introduced systematically. According to the situation of producing solid refuse in our country, the essentiality of pyrolysis is advocated through compared with other methods. Several methods of pyrolysis are introduced in detail. With comparison of advantages and disadvantages of each method, the processability which method is applied in present stage is clarified. Therefore, the question of the second pollution in traditional solid refuse disposal is solved.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are characterized by a misalignment between the timing of sleep–wake and the external environment that results in insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and impaired waking function. This chapter covers sleep disorders thought to be result of alterations in the endogenous circadian clock, such as delayed sleep phase type, advanced sleep phase type, free-running type, and irregular sleep–wake type, and those that result in circadian misalignment as a result of alterations in the external environment, such as shiftwork type and jetlag type. The clinical presentation, prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment options are discussed. Comprehensive treatment should take into account behavioral and environmental factors that influence sleep–wake and is aimed at realignment of the sleep–wake cycle with desired times using circadian synchronizing agents such as light and melatonin in combination with good sleep hygiene.
What Matters Most for the Survival of Small Newborns in Resource-Limited Settings?

In 1963, Lubchenco proposed a system to characterize intrauterine growth by gestational age, which highlighted the differences between preterm and growth-restricted term infants.1 More than 50 years later, there is limited capacity to distinguish preterm from small but mature infants in low- and middle-income countries where these conditions, together with asphyxia and infection, are leading causes of neonatal death. Lee et al sought to determine if community health workers could use physical/neuromuscular signs and anthropometrics to estimate the maturity of infants born in rural communities in Bangladesh with the ultimate goal of facilitating early identification and referral of preterm infants.2 The study used community surveillance for early diagnosis of pregnancy and successfully accomplished ultrasound dating of pregnancy before 20 weeks. Twenty-five physical, neuromuscular, and anthropometric observations were assessed and then analyzed individually and in combination for their diagnostic accuracy. All fell short of acceptable utility for estimation of gestational age in this population with a high prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction. So what broader significance do such negative findings hold? They reaffirm the realities of improving survival … Susan Niermeyer, MD, MPH, Section of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13121 East 17th Ave, Mail Stop 8402, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail: susan.niermeyer{at}ucdenver.edu
When Does Freedom of Speech Trump Celebrity Publicity Rights

The use of college athletes’ likenesses in sports simulation videogames, such as Electronic Arts’ NCAA Football series, has spawned a number of lawsuits alleging that such use violates the athletes’ rights of publicity. (These actions have been brought by retired college athletes, as the NCAA prohibits college athletes from commercially exploiting their rights of publicity while in college, as a condition of maintaining their “amateur” status.) Two federal Courts of Appeals have now held 2-1 that the First Amendment does not protect Electronic Arts’ depiction of actual college players, so that EA may be held liable under state right of publicity laws. The agreement between the two courts makes it considerably less likely that the Supreme Court will review either one of the cases when it resumes sitting in October.
Isolated port site recurrence of node-negative clinical stage IB1 cervical adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Introduction Port site metastasis after laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer is a rare phenomenon. Methods We present a case report of isolated port site recurrence 4 years following laparoscopic surgery in a patient with node-negative, clinical stage IB1 cervical adenocarcinoma. Results A 44 year-old woman presented with a necrotic cervical lesion. A biopsy of the mass revealed invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma. She underwent a robotic-assisted radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, and pelvic lymph node dissection with bilateral oophoropexy. All lymph nodes were placed in an Endocatch bag prior to removal via the 12 mm assistant port. There was no clinical evidence of metastatic disease and final pathology revealed negative surgical margins and lymph nodes. Four years later, she re-presented with a soft tissue mass in her abdominal wall underlying the site of the prior laparoscopic assistant port. This was confirmed by transcutaneous biopsy to be metastatic adenocarcinoma of endocervical origin. Further work-up revealed no other evidence of metastatic disease. The recurrence was excised and all margins were negative. Conclusion This is the first case report describing an isolated port site recurrence in a patient who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery for early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma with negative margins and negative lymph nodes. The mechanism underlying this isolated recurrence remains unknown.
Ethylene polymerization catalyzed by bridging Ni/Zn heterobimetallics

The effect of proximal Zn halides on Ni-catalyzed ethylene polymerization is reported in this work. A series of (NON)NiLX (NON = 2,6-bis-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)methyl phenoxide; LX = methallyl or L = py, X = tolyl, 2–4) ethylene polymerization precatalysts have been synthesized, as well as a heterobimetallic Ni/Zn complex, (NON)Ni(C4H7)ZnBr2 (5). Each precatalyst could be activated (or promoted) by ZnX2 (X = Cl, Br, Et) to polymerize ethylene. In situ recruitment of ZnX2 by the free imine binding pocket of the NON complexes results in the generation of heterobimetallic active species that produce lower Mn polyethylene than monometallic controls. Room temperature ZnX2-promoted polymerizations with these catalysts resulted in bimodal Mn distributions that result from different catalyst speciation: “dangling” imine-ligated ZnX2 species yield higher Mn polymer while N,O-chelated ZnX2 species yield lower Mn polymer. Running polymerizations at higher temperature yields in only lower Mn polymer resulting from exclusive formation of the thermodynamically favored N,O chelated Ni/Zn heterobimetallic. DFT calculations indicate that this bridging bimetallic complex undergoes β-H elimination more facilely than monometallic Ni analogues, resulting in lower molecular weight polymers.
Elevated dietary magnesium during pregnancy and postnatal life prevents ectopic mineralization in Enpp1asj mice, a model for generalized arterial calcification of infancy.

// Joshua Kingman 1 , Jouni Uitto 1 and Qiaoli Li 1 1 Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, The Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and the PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Correspondence to: Qiaoli Li, email: // Keywords : mouse model, ectopic mineralization, maternal diet, magnesium, generalized arterial calcification of infancy, Pathology Section Received : October 28, 2016 Accepted : March 16, 2017 Published : March 29, 2017 Abstract Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ENPP1 gene. It is characterized by mineralization of the arterial blood vessels, often diagnosed prenatally, and associated with death in early childhood. There is no effective treatment for this devastating disorder. We previously characterized the Enpp1 asj mutant mouse as a model of GACI, and we have now explored the effect of elevated dietary magnesium (five-fold) in pregnant mothers and continuing for the first 14 weeks of postnatal life. The mothers were kept on either control diet or experimental diet supplemented with magnesium. Upon weaning at 4 weeks of age the pups were placed either on control diet or high magnesium diet. The degree of mineralization was assessed at 14 weeks of age by histopathology and a chemical calcium assay in muzzle skin, kidney and aorta. Mice placed on high magnesium diet showed little, if any, evidence of mineralization when their corresponding mothers were also placed on diet enriched with magnesium during pregnancy and nursing. The reduced ectopic mineralization in these mice was accompanied by increased calcium and magnesium content in the urine, suggesting that magnesium competes calcium-phosphate binding thereby preventing the mineral deposition. These results have implications for dietary management of pregnancies in which the fetus is suspected of having GACI. Moreover, augmenting a diet with high magnesium may be beneficial for other ectopic mineralization diseases, including nephrocalcinosis.
Examples of Finitely Determined Map-Germs of Corank 3 Supporting Mond's μ ⩾ τ-Type Conjecture

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we give the first set of examples of finitely determined map-germs of corank 3 from 3-space to 4-space satisfying a conjecture by Mond that states the following. The number o...
The Reintroduction of Jewish Covenantal Theory as a Form of Corporate Governance

Stewardship theory is offered as an alternative to principal-agent based control systems of governance. A foundation for this stewardship system of governance is to establish covenantal relationshi...
The Seed Colony Model: An approach for colonizing space

As humans reach out to the stars in a variety of exploration missions beyond Earth, eventually mission architecture will include constructing a permanent habitat and establishing a colony. Given the complexity of colonizing a planet, such as Mars, a great deal of research, simulation, and planning is necessary to identify the optimal model for colonization in order to guide future mission architectures. One such model, which has received a significant amount of publicity, is that of the “Mars One” organization and its plan to build a colony one piece at a time by sending up small groups of people every 2 years. Although critique of this or any model can focus on a number of predominantly engineering-focused areas, from propulsion technologies to habitat design, the present paper uses a human factors perspective to evaluate the Mars One approach. This critique also presents a more theoretically sound model, the Seed Colony Model (SCM), and, using existing literature, outlines how this approach has advantages for future colonization missions that highlights the human element. Specifically, a variety of potential psychosocial issues for a colonization mission are explored. These include territoriality caused by an individual experiencing ownership of some aspect of their environment, in-group/out-group mentality due to social constructs, conflict escalation, the lack of a “finish line,” and self-selection. All issues are examined in the context of a permanent, sustainable colony. Because human space operations have been limited to smaller groups and had the capability to return to Earth in case of medical emergencies, these previous spaceflight missions are not an accurate representation of the social aspects of a Mars colonization mission. To better represent the conditions, the current paper focuses on experiences from Antarctic missions, where larger teams spend a winter-over in that hostile environment with very limited opportunities for re-supply or extraction. Although colonization missions are in the distant future, this paper aims to develop the theory to support the need for human-centric design considerations for these missions. The SCM, when employed for mission planning, will provide an over-arching system architecture to improve mission success rates. This model is designed around the interactions and complexities of a team, and individual differences in crewmembers, and injects decades of research in the behavioral sciences into the plan to send humans to live on another planet.
Freedom in Constraint: Understanding How Constraints Enhance and Inhibit R&D Team Creativity

Creativity scholars have become increasingly interested in what role constraints play in the creative processes of work teams in organizations. While the dominant theoretical paradigm has led to th...
The importance of vertical resolution in the free troposphere for modeling intercontinental plumes

Abstract. Chemical plumes in the free troposphere can preserve their identity for more than a week as they are transported on intercontinental scales. Current global models cannot reproduce this transport. The plumes dilute far too rapidly due to numerical diffusion in sheared flow. We show how model accuracy can be limited by either horizontal resolution ( Δx ) or vertical resolution ( Δz ). Balancing horizontal and vertical numerical diffusion, and weighing computational cost, implies an optimal grid resolution ratio ( Δx ∕ Δz ) opt ∼ 1000 for simulating the plumes. This is considerably higher than current global models ( Δx ∕ Δz ∼ 20) and explains the rapid plume dilution in the models as caused by insufficient vertical resolution. Plume simulations with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core (GFDL-FV3) over a range of horizontal and vertical grid resolutions confirm this limiting behavior. Our highest-resolution simulation ( Δx ≈ 25 km, Δz ≈ 80 m) preserves the maximum mixing ratio in the plume to within 35 % after 8 days in strongly sheared flow, a drastic improvement over current models. Adding free tropospheric vertical levels in global models is computationally inexpensive and would also improve the simulation of water vapor.
Doula Services Within a Healthy Start Program: Increasing Access for an Underserved Population.

Women of color in the United States, particularly in high-poverty neighborhoods, experience high rates of poor birth outcomes, including cesarean section, preterm birth, low birthweight, and infant mortality. Doula care has been linked to improvements in many perinatal outcomes, but women of color and low-income women often face barriers in accessing doula support. To address this issue, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene’s Healthy Start Brooklyn introduced the By My Side Birth Support Program in 2010. The goal was to complement other maternal home-visiting programs by providing doula support during labor and birth, along with prenatal and postpartum visits. Between 2010 and 2015, 489 infants were born to women enrolled in the program. Data indicate that By My Side is a promising model of support for Healthy Start projects nationwide. Compared to the project area, program participants had lower rates of preterm birth (6.3 vs. 12.4%, p < 0.001) and low birthweight (6.5 vs. 11.1%, p = 0.001); however, rates of cesarean birth did not differ significantly (33.5 vs. 36.9%, p = 0.122). Further research is needed to explore possible reasons for this finding, and to examine the influence of doula support on birth outcomes among populations with high rates of chronic disease and stressors such as poverty, racism, and exposure to violence. However, feedback from participants indicates that doula support is highly valued and helps give women a voice in consequential childbirth decisions. Available evidence suggests that doula services may be an important component of an effort to address birth inequities.
Idiosyncratic volatility and cash flow volatility: New evidence from S&P 500

Abstract Employing firm-level data of S&P 500 constituent companies from 1990 to 2016, we offer new evidence on the strong time series and cross-sectional relationships between Idiosyncratic stock return volatility (Ivol) and cash flow volatility even after controlling for illiquidity and firm size, which also vary by period of economic condition. Our results show that Ivol is well explained by the volatility of the three components of DuPont ROE. Aggregate asset turnover volatility alone explains 81.8% of the time series variation of aggregate Ivol, and all independent variables explain 94.7% of the aggregate Ivol. While profit margin volatility and asset turnover volatility have significant relationships with Ivol during the sample period, the volatility of equity multiplier shows significance during the two recession periods in early and late 2000s.
Global ECG Measures and Cardiac Structure and Function: The ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities)

Background: Electric excitation initiates myocardial mechanical contraction and coordinates myocardial pumping. We hypothesized that ECG global electric heterogeneity (GEH) and its longitudinal changes are associated with cardiac structure and function. Methods and Results: Participants from the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) (N=5114; 58% female; 22% blacks) with resting 12-lead ECGs (visits 1–5) and echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV global longitudinal strain, LV mass index, LV end-diastolic volume index, and LV end-systolic volume index at visit 5 were included. Longitudinal analysis included ARIC participants (N=14 609) with measured GEH at visits 1 to 4. GEH was quantified by spatial ventricular gradient, QRS-T angle, and sum absolute QRS-T integral. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regressions were adjusted for manifest and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Having 4 abnormal GEH parameters was associated with a 6.4% (95% confidence interval, 5.5–7.3) LV ejection fraction decline, a 24.2 g/m 2 (95% confidence interval, 21.5–26.9) increase in LV mass index, a 10.3 mL/m 2 (95% confidence interval, 8.9–11.7) increase in LV end-diastolic volume index, and a 7.8 mL/m 2 (95% confidence interval, 6.9–8.6) increase in LV end-systolic volume index. Altogether, clinical and ECG parameters accounted for approximately one third of LV volume and 20% of systolic function variability. The associations were significantly stronger in cardiovascular disease. Sum absolute QRS-T integral increased by 20 mV*ms for each 3-year period in participants who demonstrated LV dilatation at visit 5. Sudden cardiac death victims demonstrated rapid GEH worsening, whereas those with LV dysfunction demonstrated slow GEH worsening. Healthy aging was associated with a distinct pattern of spatial ventricular gradient azimuth decrement. Conclusions: GEH is a marker of subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure and function.
High and low nightly running behavior associates with nucleus accumbens N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR1 subunit expression and NMDAR functional differences

Abstract The extent to which N-Methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors facilitate the motivation to voluntarily wheel-run in rodents has yet to be determined. In so, we utilized female Wistar rats selectively bred to voluntarily run high (HVR) and low (LVR) nightly distances in order to examine if endogenous differences in nucleus accumbens (NAc) NMDA receptor expression and function underlies the propensity for high or low motivation to voluntarily wheel-run. 12–14 week old HVR and LVR females were used to examine: 1.) NAc mRNA and protein expression of NMDA subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B; 2.) NMDA current responses in isolated medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and 3.) NMDA-evoked dopamine release in an ex vivo preparation of NAc punches. Expectedly, there was a large divergence in nightly running distance and time between HVR and LVR rats. We saw a significantly higher mRNA and protein expression of NR1 in HVR compared to LVR rats, while seeing no difference in the expression of NR2A or NR2B. There was a greater current response to a 500 ms application of 300 μM of NMDA in medium-spiny neurons isolated from the NAc HVR compared to LVR animals. On average, NMDA-evoked punches (50 μM of NMDA for 10 min) taken from HVR rats retained ∼54% of the dopamine content compared to their bilateral non-evoked sides, while evoked punches from LVR animals showed no statistical decrease in dopamine content compared to their non-evoked sides. Collectively, these data suggest a potential link between NAc NR1 subunit expression as well as NMDA function and the predisposition for nightly voluntary running behavior in rats. In light of the epidemic rise in physical inactivity, these findings have the potential to explain a neuro-molecular mechanism that regulates the motivation to be physically active.
Phylogenetic ANOVA: Group-clade aggregation, biological challenges, and a refined permutation procedure

Phylogenetic regression is frequently used in macroevolutionary studies, and its statistical properties have been thoroughly investigated. By contrast, phylogenetic ANOVA has received relatively less attention, and the conditions leading to incorrect statistical and biological inferences when comparing multivariate phenotypes among groups remain underexplored. Here, we propose a refined method of randomizing residuals in a permutation procedure (RRPP) for evaluating phenotypic differences among groups while conditioning the data on the phylogeny. We show that RRPP displays appropriate statistical properties for both phylogenetic ANOVA and regression models, and for univariate and multivariate datasets. For ANOVA, we find that RRPP exhibits higher statistical power than methods utilizing phylogenetic simulation. Additionally, we investigate how group dispersion across the phylogeny affects inferences, and reveal that highly aggregated groups generate strong and significant correlations with the phylogeny, which reduce statistical power and subsequently affect biological interpretations. We discuss the broader implications of this phylogenetic group aggregation, and its relation to challenges encountered with other comparative methods where one or a few transitions in discrete traits are observed on the phylogeny. Finally, we recommend that phylogenetic comparative studies of continuous trait data use RRPP for assessing the significance of indicator variables as sources of trait variation.
Electro-optic Frequency Comb Generation in Ultrahigh-Q Integrated Lithium Niobate Micro-resonators

We generate an electro-optic frequency comb in an integrated lithium niobate ultrahigh-Q microresonator. The comb has more than 250 lines with a line spacing of ∼ 25 GHz in the telecom L-band.
The Characterization of Nonclassical T cells and their Responses during Mtb Infection

Tuberculosis (TB) is a catastrophic infectious disease, affecting roughly one third of the world’s population. Typically 5–10% of infections will develop into active TB, however co-morbidities such as HIV present an increased risk of TB reactivation, leading to life-threatening active infection. While it is well-known that T cells, and in particular, Class II restricted, IFN-γ expressing classical CD4 + T cells are essential for immunity to TB, these are by themselves not sufficient correlates of protection, especially during reactivation of LTBI by HIV co-infection. Recently lymphocytic subsets that recognize nonpeptidic antigens have been classified as nonclassically activated T cells. These cells are, however, poorly characterized as regulators of the immune system, particularly in patients infected with M. tuberculosis ( Mtb ). We hypothesize that non-classically activated T cells recognize bacterial antigens during Mtb infection, as well as Mtb /HIV co-infection, and may play a role in protective immunity. As part of this project, we will enumerate and phenotype the populations of nonclassical T cells based on expression of their surface antigens at different time points of Mtb and Mtb /SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Furthermore, we will characterize the function of the non-classical T cells by analyzing their secreted factors. Better understanding the role of nonclassical T cells in TB pathogenesis may enable us to develop better vaccines and treatments against TB.
Effects of pulmonary denervation on renal sympathetic and heart rate responses to hypoxia

We hypothesized that the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) response to hypoxia is attenuated because of stimulation of pulmonary receptors by the increase in ventilation. RSNA was measured during 20 min of severe hypoxia (8% O2) in conscious New Zealand White rabbits with intact lung innervation and in rabbits with surgical denervation of the lungs (LDX). LDX decreased resting breathing frequency but had no effect on resting mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), or RSNA. In intact rabbits, 4 min of hypoxia resulted in elevated RSNA (from 14 +/- 2 to 29 +/- 3% of smoke-elicited maximum), bradycardia (delta-65 +/- 12 beats/min), and no change in MAP (delta 2 +/- 2 mmHg). Bradycardia diminished with time, but elevated RSNA was maintained throughout the 20-min exposure. LDX enhanced the initial bradycardia (delta-113 +/- 11 beats/min, P < 0.01) but had no effect on the RSNA response (35 +/- 2% of maximum) to hypoxia. LDX did not alter steady-state responses of HR or RSNA, but MAP declined over time (-11 +/- 2 mmHg). These results suggest that in conscious rabbits pulmonary receptors have a minor influence on control of sympathetic activity to viscera during severe hypoxemia.
Thermo-Fluid Modeling of Selective Laser Melting: Single-Track Formation Incorporating Metallic Powder

Selective laser melting (SLM) utilizes a laser source to melt and fuse metallic particles to form dense solid parts. Since molten metals have surface tension gradients, the thermo-capillary effect becomes a driving force of melt flow, which will subsequently determine the molten/solidified track as well as the build surface morphology. In this study, a 3D volume of fluid model has been developed to simulate heat transfer and fluid dynamic during single-track laser scanning. A sequential powder addition algorithm is applied to obtain random powder distribution over a thick substrate. Temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties of Ti-6Al-4V are used to define the material, and a volumetric heat source is included as an approximation to laser irradiation. As a result of continuous melting and solidifying, the thermal behavior, the molten metal flow and the free surface formation can be numerically analyzed. In addition, a two-layer simulation has been carried out to study the interlayer bonding. Simulations results are compared with SLM experiments using the single-track morphology acquired by white-light interferometry. The melt pool widths obtained from simulations are in good agreement with the measured single-track widths. On the other hand, it is observed that single tracks formed in SLM have an elevated bead height, which is not realized numerically.
Application of generalized regression neural network method for corrosion modeling of steel embedded in soil

Abstract In this work, a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model is used to predict the corrosion potential values and corrosion current densities of ASTM A572 -50 steel specimens embedded in nine soils with different physiochemical properties, i.e., pH, moisture content, resistivity, chloride content, sulfate and sulfite contents, and mean total organic carbon concentration. Experiments were conducted, and the corrosion current densities and corrosion potential values of the steel specimens embedded in the different soils were measured. The results obtained with the GRNN model agreed very well with the results of the experiments, suggesting that the proposed model is capable of predicting the corrosion activity of steel specimens embedded in different soils.
Inflammation, Multiple Blood Transfusions and Osteoclast Activation in Sickle Cell Disease Patients.

Abstract 1534 Poster Board I-557 Background Low bone mass density affects more than 65% of adult sickle cell disease patients and correlates with lower hemoglobin and higher ferritin concentrations (1). Increased iron supply promotes osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption (2). Proinflammatory cytokines also promote bone resorption (3). Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP-5b) is produced only by activated osteoclasts and therefore serves as a marker of bone resorption (4). Sickle cell disease is a condition of chronic inflammation and patients often suffer from transfusional iron overload as well. In this study we aimed to determine the predictors of bone resorption in patients with sickle cell disease by measuring circulating levels of TRACP-5b. Methods Fifty-nine adult sickle cell disease patients and 22 apparently healthy controls were recruited at Howard University Hospital. Patients were at steady state with no crisis, hospitalization or blood transfusion in the last 3 weeks. Clinical and laboratory information was collected at the time of recruitment and TRACP-5b was measured in non-fasting serum samples using an enzyme immuno assay kit (Quidel, San Diego, CA). Serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were measured by Multiplex assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).. Results Sickle cell disease patients had elevated concentrations of TRACP-5b compared to controls (median values of 4.4 vs. 2.4 U/l, P Conclusion Sickle cell patients have elevated steady-state osteoclast activity as reflected in serum TRACP-5b concentrations. Multiple blood transfusions and inflammation are associated findings. Among patients, higher TRACP-5b concentrations are associated with lower concentrations of RANTES and PDGF-BB, factors that influence function of osteoblasts. Further studies are needed to investigate whether common pathways may be involved in osteoclast activation and pulmonary changes in sickle cell disease. Supported by grants number 2 R25 HL003679-08 and 1 R01 HL079912-02 and 1U54HL090508-01 from NHLBI, by Howard University GCRC grant no 2MOI RR10284-10 from NCRR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, and by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health. Disclosures Gordeuk:Biomarin: Research Funding; TRF Pharma: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Novartis: Speakers Bureau.
Approximating Bifactor IRT True-Score Equating With a Projective Item Response Model.

Item response theory (IRT) true-score equating for the bifactor model is often conducted by first numerically integrating out specific factors from the item response function and then applying the ...
Creativity in theatre: theory and action in theatre/drama education: edited by Suzanne Burgoyne, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing, 2018, 287 pp., $150 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-319-78927-9

As editor Suzanne Burgoyne, my long-time friend at the University of Missouri-Columbia, highlights in her adroit Preface, theatre and drama educators fervently believe that performance enhances stu...
An Untapped Recruitment Pool: Undecided Students in CS1 Courses

Computing departments face a significant challenge as they seek to balance competing imperatives to manage large enrollments and to recruit more women and people of color to undergraduate computing. Undecided students enrolled in introductory computing courses may represent an opportunity to recruit diverse students without adding to the overall number of students enrolled in courses. However, little is known about undecided students enrolled in introductory computing courses, including if they are a viable pool from which to recruit more women and people of color into computing. This paper presents the findings from a longitudinal, mixed-methods study that investigates the characteristics of undecided students who enroll in an introductory computing course and their reasons for enrolling. The study is based on survey and interview data from students enrolled in introductory computing courses at 15 U.S. institutions. The findings suggest that undecided students may serve as a good pool from which to recruit women but are not a diverse group in terms of race/ethnicity. Further, results from interviews with undecided students suggest that they enroll in introductory computing courses as part of a process to “shop” for a major. Therefore, even as computing departments seek to manage large enrollments, they would be wise to attend to the undecided students in introductory courses and the potential for these courses to serve as a means of recruiting undecided women into computing majors.
Sol-gel chemistry autocombustion synthesis and physicochemical characterizations of the series of Li–Cu cobalt ferrite nanoparticles LiCu(1-2Y)Co(1–Y)Fe(1+2Y)O4

Abstract The series of five nanosized spinel ferrites: LiCu(1-2Y)Co(1–Y)Fe(1+2Y)O4 (Y = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5) has been synthesized by sol-gel autocombustion method which promotes the obtaining of pure nanosized powder and then characterized by different physicochemical techniques. The thermal behavior of the five studied ferrites has been deduced from their GTA-TGA thermograms before and after the autocombution temperature and therefore leading to the estimation of their corresponding suitable calcination temperature range. The XRPD study results have confirmed the formation of only the cubic face centered spinel basic structure and the recorded 7Li–63Cu MAS-NMR spectra have allowed to conclude that both lithium and copper cations occupy only one crystallographic site each one. The FESEM images have revealed the presence of microstructure homogeneity and grain size distribution uniformity. The electrical behavior has been studied by CIS which highlighted the best total electric conductivity of the nanoferrite M1(Y = 0) at 373 K, σTot(373 K) = 19.35 × 10−3 S cm−1, with an associated lower activation energy value of 0.238 eV. The 300 K M − H and M–T curves recorded on SQUID have elucidated the room temperature superparamagnetic behavior. In order to more investigate on magnetic features, Langevin function fitting on the superparamagnetic M − H data at 300 K has been used to calculate the superparamagnetic parameter values. Interestingly, the five explored nanoferrites have an excellent total electrical conductivity and remarkable magnetic properties which make them suitable for various potential modern technological applications.
Steroid-induced Lactic Acidosis in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

A previously healthy 53-year-old male with primary membranous nephropathy (positive anti phospholipase A2 antibody) presented to our hospital with worsening cough, shortness of breath, hypotension, and malaise. During his hospital stay, he quickly progressed to overt respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Upon further workup, he met clinical criteria for tumor lysis syndrome due to an unknown diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, who underwent rapid cytolysis after starting stress dose steroids.
Familial cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome: Vertical transmission of the BRAF p.G464R pathogenic variant and review of the literature

Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC) is one of the RASopathies and is caused by germline mutations that activate the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CFC is due to heterozygous germline mutations in protein kinases BRAF, MEK1, or MEK2 and rarely in KRAS, a small GTPase. CFC is a multiple congenital anomaly disorder in which individuals may have craniofacial dysmorphia, heart issues, skin and hair anomalies, and delayed development. Pathogenic variants for CFC syndrome are usually considered de novo because vertical transmission has only been reported with MEK2 and KRAS. The index case was a 3-year-old male with features consistent with the clinical diagnosis of CFC. Sequencing revealed a previously reported heterozygous likely pathogenic variant BRAF p.G464R. Upon detailed family history, the index case's pregnant mother was noted to have similar features to her son. Targeted familial testing of the BRAF pathogenic variant was performed on the mother, confirming her diagnosis. Prenatal genetic testing for the fetus was declined, but postnatal molecular testing of the index case's sister was positive for the familial BRAF p.G464R variant. Functional analysis of the variant demonstrated increased kinase activity. We report the first identified vertically transmitted functional BRAF pathogenic variant. Our findings emphasize the importance of obtaining a comprehensive evaluation of family members and that activating pathogenic variants within the canonical MAPK cascade mediated by BRAF are compatible with human reproduction.
Metropolitan Dispersion of Mexican Immigrants in the United States, 1980 to 2000

Paper offers an empirical study of inter-state and inter-city migration within the United States of Mexican immigrants in response to differential housing cost and wage levels.
MiSDEED: a synthetic multi-omics engine for microbiome power analysis and study design

MiSDEED is a command-line tool for generating synthetic longitudinal multi-omics data from simulated microbial environments. It generates relative-abundance timecourses under perturbations for an arbitrary number of samples and patients. All simulation parameters are exposed to the user to facilitate rapid power analysis and aid in study design. Users who want additional flexibility may also use MiSDEED as a Python package. Availability and implementation: MiSDEED is written in Python and is freely available at https://github.com/pchlenski/misdeed. Contact: pac@cs.columbia.edu
AN OVERVIEW OF THE PLANNED JEFFERSON LAB 12GeV HELIUM REFRIGERATOR UPGRADE

In February 2006, Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, VA, received “Critical Decision 1” (CD-1) approval to proceed with the engineering and design of the long anticipated upgrade to increase the beam energy of CEBAF, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, from 6 GeV to 12 GeV. This will require the installation of 10 new cryomodules, and additional 2.1-K refrigeration beyond the available 4600 W to handle the increased heat loads. Additionally, a new experimental hall, Hall D, is planned that will require the installation of a small, available refrigerator. This paper will present an overview of the integration of the new proposed refrigeration system into CEBAF, the installation of the available refrigerator for Hall D, and includes planned work scope, current schedule plans and project status.
Needle biopsy of the lung in diffuse parenchymal disease An analysis of 151 cases.

Summary Of 220 percutaneous cutting needle biopsies of pulmonary disease, 151 patients were biopsied for purposes of diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal disease. Diffuse disease was divided into generalized and lobar disease because of differences in technical management, complications, and productivity. A postbiopsy chest tube was inserted in all cases of generalized lung disease. Tissue diagnosis was established in 90 per cent of the patients with diffuse disease with a serious complication rate of 1.3 per cent and a mortality of 0.66 per cent. The present experience suggests that needle biopsy is the procedure of choice in patients with more advanced generalized lung disease and in patients with lobar diffuse disease. Open biopsy is recommended as the procedure of choice for good risk patients with generalized bilateral parenchymal disease.
IGNITABILITY EXPERIMENTS IN A FAST BURN, LEAN BURN ENGINE

This paper demonstrates the first successful use of factorial statistical analysis in quantifying the effect of ignition system parameters on lean operation of a fast burn single cylinder engine. Ignition parameters investigated include plug type, plug number, ignition system, plug location, and ground electrode orientation with respect to the mean swirl generated flow direction. System performance is quantified by analyzing the coefficient of variance of the peak cylinder pressure and the 0-10% mass fraction burn time for various parameter combinations. To confirm the results from the factorial analysis technique, data from spark angle sweeps at constant flowrates are presented for the basic system and for two promising candidates that were selected from the factorial experiments. These candidates, a multi-ground electrode plug and a surface-air gap plug combined with more ignition energy, are shown to improve engine operation at lean gas-to-fuel ratio. Finally, a simplified thermodynamic engine model is utilized to predict what specific fuel consumption (ISFC) is attainable with stable operation at lean gas-to-fuel ratio. The value measured at the MBT+1% ISFC level, using the surface-air gap plug and more ignition energy at about 22:1 gas-to-fuel ratio, is found to be within experimental error of the predicted value.
Synthetic four‐solar‐cycle solar wind at 1 AU generated from the OMNI data set

[1] Numerical modeling provides key insights into the physics of the outer heliosphere. The solar wind data utilized by these models impact their accuracy and should be as close as possible to the actual solar wind. Because of the time scales involved, such a data set should also span several solar cycles. Yet the bulk of solar wind measurements in such a time frame was obtained near Earth. A method to infer the solar wind at points not directly observed is developed such that a 1 AU ring in the ecliptic plane is filled with four solar cycles of solar wind data. Hourly OMNI data are used as the seed data. The OMNI data are separated into four separate categories, and those categories are first extrapolated, generating a continuous 2-D category map of the solar wind for the full four solar cycles covered by OMNI. The category map is used to determine solar wind characteristics. The solar wind values are determined by local running averages coupled with a random walk technique. The averages provide baseline values and the random walk adds short-duration deviations from this baseline. The statistics from the extrapolated data are compared to the statistics of the original OMNI data set. Category durations, relative coverage, variable distributions, and correlations are similar to those of the OMNI data, although with some discrepancies.
Differential ability of a T-antigen transport-defective mutant of Simian virus 40 to transform primary and established rodent cells

The transforming potential and oncogenicity of a simian virus 40 (SV40) mutant affecting T-antigen (T-ag), SV40(cT)-3, was examined in an effort to dissect T-ag functions in transformation. SV40(cT)-3 has a point mutation at nucleotide 4434 that abolishes the transport of T-ag to the nucleus but does not affect its association with the cell surface. Transfection-transformation assays were performed with primary cells and established cell lines of mouse and rat origin. The efficiency of transformation for established cell lines by SV40(cT)-3 was comparable to that of wild-type SV40, indicating that transformation of established cell lines can occur in the absence of detectable amounts of nuclear T-ag. Transformation of primary mouse embryo fibroblasts by SV40(cT)-3 was markedly influenced by culture conditions; the relative transforming frequency was dramatically reduced in assays involving focus formation in low serum concentrations or anchorage-independent growth. Immunofluorescence tests revealed that the transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts partially transport the mutant cT-ag to the cell nucleus. Transformed cell lines induced by SV40(cT)-3 did not differ in growth properties from wild-type transformants. SV40(cT)-3 was completely defective for the transformation of primary baby rat kidney cells, a primary cell type unable to transport the mutant T-ag to the nucleus. The intracellular localization of cellular protein p53 was found to mimic T-ag distribution in all the transformants analyzed. The mutant virus was weakly oncogenic in vivo: the induction of tumors in newborn hamsters by SV40(cT)-3 was reduced in incidence and delayed in appearance in comparison to wild-type SV40. These observations suggest that cellular transformation is regulated by both nuclear and surface-associated forms of SV40 T-ag.
Synthesis and intracellular processing of sucrase-isomaltase in rat jejunum

Abstract To examine directly the synthesis and intracellular processing of rat intestinal sucrase-isomaltase, [ 3 H]leucine-labeled enzyme was solubilized from purified microsomal and microvillus fractions, immunoprecipitated, and analyzed. Immunologic identity between the microsomal and microvillus forms of the enzyme was demonstrated. Time-course studies using both intravenous and intraluminal labeling demonstrated an initial peak of microsomal sucrase-isomaltase labeling at 30 min followed by a sharp decline, and a subsequent rise in microvillus sucrase-isomaltase labeling, suggesting a precursorproduct relationship. Fluorography and quantitative analysis of electrophoresed immunoprecipitates confirmed these results, and revealed the presence of two high molecular weight proteins in the microsomes. Susceptibility of the smaller high molecular weight precursor to cleavage with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H indicated that this was the initially synthesized form of the glycoprotein. These data are consistent with the membrane flow hypothesis and the single polypeptide model suggested for sucrase-isomaltase synthesis.