cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Duplex sonography of renal arteries as a diagnostic tool in hypertensive children

Computed duplex sonography was used to examine the renal arteries in 36 hypertensive children and adolescents (ages 4–17 years) with arterial hypertension of either renal or non-renal origin. Time-averaged flow velocities, maximum blood flow velocities as well as absolute renal blood flow and renal blood flow per gram kidney weight were measured. Normal flow velocities and normal to elevated renal blood flow volume was found in patients with acute glomerulonephritis and those with signs of chronic glomerulonephritis onset. Patients having advanced stages of chronic glomerulonephritis, on the other hand, were characterized by lower levels of all parameters. Unilateral renal artery stenosis was diagnosed correctly in four patients, although one intra-renal artery stenosis escaped imaging. Scarred kidneys exhibited low-normal or reduced flow velocities and renal blood flow volumes corresponded roughly to kidney size and preservation of normal kidney structure. Hypertension in some patients with normal kidneys showed a tendency to cause higher renal blood flow without consistent acceleration of blood flow velocities. We conclude that duplex sonography is a suitable primary diagnostic tool in measuring blood flow velocities and absolute renal blood flow volume in hypertensive children, thus facilitating the choice of the next diagnostic step.
The Effect of Joint-Compressive Load and Quadriceps Muscle Force on Knee Motion in the Intact and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Sectioned Knee

To determine the effect of an externally applied joint-compressive load and a quadriceps muscle force on knee motion, we tested nine intact cadaveric knees and four knees after sectioning of the anterior cruciate ligament. Anteroposterior translation was measured at 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees of knee flexion after the application of an anteroposterior force of 100 N, a joint-compressive load of 0, 111, 222, 333, or 444 N, and a quadriceps force of 0 or 133 N. Both a joint-compressive load and a quadriceps force significantly decreased total anteroposterior translation by as much as 50% to 66% in intact knees and 42% to 71% in anterior cruciate ligament-sectioned knees. A substantial anterior translation was also found with the application of a joint-compressive load or a quadriceps force and no anterior force. We termed this translation an anterior neutral-position shift. The anterior neutral-position shift was significantly greater in the ligament-sectioned knees compared with the intact knees, so much so that at flexion angles greater than 15 degrees, the application of a 100-N posterior force could not translate the tibia to the most anterior position achieved in the intact knee with a 100-N anterior force.
Sequencing of double-stranded polymerase chain reaction products for mutation analysis.

Abstract This report describes a reproducible, straightforward approach to sequencing double-stranded DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for analysis of mutations. The sequencing protocol is a modification of that published by Kretz (Kretz et al., 1989) and has been successful in the hands of a number of investigators working on diverse projecta. Following this procedure, PCR DNA products generated from bacterial sources (including pBR322 and F′ derivatives), as well as cDNA and genmic DNA from both hamster and human cell lines, have been sequenced with equal success. Close attention to the molar ration of nucleotides to double-stranded DNA template present during the labeling reaction ensures best results.
Age-related differences in food intake, body weight, and survival of male F344 rats in 5°C cold

Abstract Male F344 rats, 3, 12 and 21 months old, were acclimated at 5°C for 7 to 9 weeks. Controls were maintained at 23°C. Food intakes and body weights were monitored weekly. All animals in these groups survived. However, 25-month-old rats placed in 5°C for 3 weeks had only a 46% survival. All age groups responded to 5°C exposure by different but always significant increases in food intake. Peak food intake was 100% above basal in the 3- and 21-month-olds and 80% above the basal in the 12-month-olds. These increases were sufficient to maintain body weights in the 3- and 12-month-olds, but in the 3-month-olds growth was retarted. The 100% increase of food intake in the 21-month-olds was not adequate to maintain body weight. The 25-month-old rats also increased their food intake significantly in cold, but large weight loss incurred in both the survivors and the non-survivors. Food intake and energy efficiency were different at different ages and under different environmental conditions in male F344 rats.
A review of lean assessment in organizations: An exploratory study of lean practices by electronics manufacturers

This paper describes the development of a survey instrument to assess the implementation of lean practices within an organization. Results of a literature review, which was used to identify lean manufacturing practices and existing lean assessment tools, are presented. The findings of this review were synthesized to develop an instrument to assess both the number and the level of implementation of a broad range of lean practices in an organization. As part of a larger research project, an exploratory study was completed using the survey. A cross section of electronic manufacturers in the Pacific Northwest was used for the exploratory study. Analysis of the survey results from the exploratory study are summarized in this paper to illustrate how the survey can be used to understand what factors might contribute to the implementation of lean practices. In the exploratory study completed, for example, it was found that while electronic manufacturers have implemented a broad range of lean practices, the level of implementation does vary and may be related to economic, operational, or organizational factors.
Specifying sources for color-image calibration

New visual detection models developed under the Target Acquisition Model Improvement Program (TAMIP) require characterized color images as an input parameter. These images are used to make predictions of the probability of detection vs time and/or distance for a military target in a background of interest. Techniques to refine the methods of characterizing color images have been ongoing for several years within the Army. The subject of this paper is a method for specifying optimized reflectance standards for characterization of the images. The color of the reflectance standards are selected for compatibility with the outdoor environments used. The need for customization of color reflectance panels is also explained.
One-Step Process for Particle Separation by Magnetic Seeding

Particle separation by a one-step or “batch” magnetic seeding operation is investigated using a population balance modeling approach. This modeling technique accounts for the concurrent orthokinetic coagulation between magnetic seed particles, the orthokinetic coagulation between magnetic seed particles and target particles, and the removal of seed−target agglomerates from the batch reactor by a combination of gravitational and magnetic sedimentation. An exact solution is found if the seed particles are stable or if the seed particles are unstable and their removal rate is independent of cluster size. A more general “scaling theory” is also presented for the case where seed particles are removed under the influence of both gravitational and magnetic fields. The separation efficiency achieved by a particular time depends on a single dimensionless number, Ω, which represents the characteristic time scale for the heterocoagulation between seed and target particles divided by the residence time of single see...
A simplified ultrasensitive silver stain for detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels

Abstract We have simplified the highly sensitive silver stain of R. C. Switzer III, C. R. Merril, and S. Shifrin (1979, Anal. Biochem.98, 231–237) for visualizing proteins in polyacrylamide gels. We have reduced the number of steps in the procedure from 10 to 6, simplified the reagents in each step, and reduced the amount of silver required by a factor of 10, thus greatly reducing the expense of the procedure. In common with the original silver stain, our procedure is 100 times more sensitive than Coomassie brilliant blue and is comparable in sensitivity to radioautography of radioactively labeled proteins.
A discussion of shear-thickening in bead-spring models

Abstract Numerical calculations using a bead-spring model with consistently averaged hydrodynamic interaction and finitely extensible springs are shown to predict shear-thickening for dilute polymer solutions. An approximation to the model developed by Ottinger and co-workers enabled the extension of the calculations to large N, where N is the number of beads in a polymer chain without the need for excessive computer time. The potential roles of hydrodynamic interaction, finite extensibility of the springs and flow kinematics in the appearance of shear-thickening in the model are discussed in detail.
A Prototype Scalable, Object-Oriented Finite-Element Solver on Multicomputers

Abstract We investigate a prototype parallel finite element solver for mesh-connected multicomputers (i.e., message-passing, distributed-memory multiprocessors) and provide a theoretical proof that the algorithms used are highly scalable and close to optimal. Further, the algorithms are written in an object-oriented language (ESP C + +) to enhance reusability of code. Performance results are presented for a Motorola multicomputer, MCC′s ES-Kit multicomputer, and a network of Sun workstations.
Mechanisms and observations for isotope fractionation of molecular species in planetary atmospheres

Chemcial and physical processes which may give rise to isotope fractionation of molecular species in the atmospheres of both earth and other planets are reviewed, along with observations of isotopically substituted molecules in planetary atmospheres. Mechanisms for production of isotope fractionation considered include atmospheric escape and the effect of isotope substitution on equilibrium constants (including those of phase changes), photolysis rates, and chemical reaction rates. The isotopes considered for compounds in the terrestrial atmosphere include D, T, C-13, C-14, N-15, O-18, and S-34. Compounds for which data about isotopic composition in the terrestrial atmosphere are summarized include CO, CO2, O3, N2O, NH3, SO2, H2S, H2O, H, H2, and CH4. Planetary atmospheres discussed include those of Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Titan; isotopes reviewed are D, C-13, N-15, and O-18. Suggestions for additional research in the area of isotopically substituted molecules in atmospheres are offered.
The use of joint play glides to treat meniscal restrictions

The aim of this paper is to describe the biomechanical basis for the use of joint play glides to restore limited knee motion caused by meniscal restrictions. Meniscal restrictions may be an under-a...
A Phenomenology of Sport: Playing and Passive Synthesis

The fundamental difference between the positive sciences and philosophy is that the former cannot be fully self-critical. The limits of the self-criticality of the positive sciences consist of their fundamental demand to presuppose an ontological platform from which to employ their methodology. In this way, sports science, in all of its productivity, rests on the platform, postulated by modern physics, of the “mathematicization” and “quantifiability” of the natural world. Philosophy fulfills its second order function as it critiques and clarifies these basic platforms for study. Transcendental philosophy, however, in addition to acting as the clearing house for the positive sciences, has explanatory power. This project employs transcendental philosophy, not in its critical, but in its explanatory function. Transcendental philosophy comes in various forms, however, the difference depending on the use of logic. The fundamental difference between formal and transcendental logic is that the former is deductive, and the latter is descriptive. Transcendental philosophy in the Kantian tradition examines the a priori conditions for the possibility of experience in an attempt to ground the sciences; it does so deductively making use of formal logic. Transcendental philosophy in the Husserlian tradition examines the original sense-giving sources of subjectivity that ground and accomplish all scientific knowledge (2: p. 5); it does so descriptively making use of transcendental logic. Therefore, to employ Husserlian phenomenology in an attempt to explain the phenomenon of play requires an internal, descriptive account of playing. Philosophies of play, even in the arena of sport, have been quite fruitful. In The Question of Play, Drew Hyland proposes a philosophical account of play, which is ontological, as contrasted to other ontical accounts of play via history, psychology, and sociology. Hyland’s contention is that a philosophic “stance” of play is one of “responsive openness” (5: p. 47). My project differs from his insofar as I do not want to describe the essential structures and stance of play in general, a task his account does quite well. I do not intend to add something to the concept of play. Rather, I want to describe and account for our ability to play at all. I imagine that I am not alone in marveling at the abilities of the elite athlete to hit Roger Clemens’s fastballs and return Andy Roddick’s serves, but my amazement includes even my own ability to play. Thus, whereas my description will be from the perspective of the experienced subject, it will not only apply to extraordinary phenomena, but to the experience of all athletes who truly play. This stipulation of true play allows me to define in this article what in fact constitutes true playing.
A spatial model of white sturgeon rearing habitat in the lower Columbia River, USA

Abstract Concerns over the potential effects of in-water placement of dredged materials prompted us to develop a GIS-based model that characterizes in a spatially explicit manner white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus rearing habitat in the lower Columbia River, USA. The spatial model was developed using water depth, riverbed slope and roughness, fish positions collected in 2002, and Mahalanobis distance (D2). We created a habitat suitability map by identifying a Mahalanobis distance under which >50% of white sturgeon locations occurred in 2002 (i.e., high-probability habitat). White sturgeon preferred relatively moderate to high water depths, and low to moderate riverbed slope and roughness values. The eigenvectors indicated that riverbed slope and roughness were slightly more important than water depth, but all three variables were important. We estimated the impacts that fill might have on sturgeon habitat by simulating the addition of fill to the thalweg, in 3-m increments, and recomputing Mahalanobis distances. Channel filling simulations revealed that up to 9 m of fill would have little impact on high-probability habitat, but 12 and 15 m of fill resulted in habitat declines of ∼12% and ∼45%, respectively. This is the first spatially explicit predictive model of white sturgeon rearing habitat in the lower Columbia River, and the first to quantitatively predict the impacts of dredging operations on sturgeon habitat. Future research should consider whether water velocity improves the accuracy and specificity of the model, and to assess its applicability to other areas in the Columbia River.
Global existence and asymptotic behavior for a quasilinear reaction-diffusion system from climate modeling

Abstract This paper is concerned with a weakly coupled system of quasilinear autonomous strongly parabolic equations on a compact two-dimensional manifold without boundary; the system arises from an energy balance climate model. We establish L ∞ , Hoelder, and Sobolev estimates, and apply general results on quasilinear evolution equations in order to guarantee the existence of classical nonnegative solutions. More precisely, it is shown that the system generates a global solution semiflow in the positive cone of some fractional order Sobolev space. Employing elements of the theory of infinite-dimensional dissipative systems, we prove the existence of a connected global attractor. Finally, we present some results about stationary solutions and forced periodic oscillations. The present paper extends earlier work of the authors on a semilinear problem.
Regulated expression of the RB “tumor suppressor gene” in normal lymphocyte mitogenesis: Elevated expression in transformed leukocytes and role as a “status quo” gene☆

Expression of the RB retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product is regulated early during the stimulation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting a regulatory role for the amount of this protein in mitogenesis of normal cells. When normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were mitogenically stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, bivariate flow cytometric measurements of cellular DNA and RB protein content showed an early decrease in the amount of RB protein per cell, anteceding onset of S phase. A subsequent increase in the amount of RB protein per cell occurred with cell proliferation. Thus the amount of RB protein relative to the total cell mass underwent a biphasic response with mitogenesis. The resulting proliferating cells had a slightly elevated level of RB protein per cell compared to the unstimulated cells. Comparison of other proliferating leukocytes to normal lymphocytes showed that both EBV virally transformed lymphocytes and human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) had elevated levels of RB protein per cell compared to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mitogenic stimulation or transformation by other means thus is associated with regulation of the amount of RB protein per cell, suggesting a regulatory role for the RB protein in normal cell growth control.
Occupation and Family Differentiation

(1967). Occupation and Family Differentiation. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 187-198.
Against the Moralistic Fallacy: A Modest Defense of a Modest Sentimentalism about Humor

In a series of important papers, Justin D’Arms and Daniel Jacobson argue that all extant neo-sentimentalists are guilty of a conflation error that they call the moralistic fallacy. One commits the moralistic fallacy when one infers from the fact that it would be morally wrong to experience an affective attitude—e.g., it would be wrong to be amused—that the attitude does not fit its object—e.g., that it is not funny. Such inferences, they argue, conflate the appropriateness conditions of attitudinal responses with the fittingness conditions of the associated evaluative properties. Further, they argue that moral considerations are irrelevant for determining if amusement fits its object. We agree that a strong moralizing of humor is wrongheaded and that jokes can be quite funny even in cases where we have a compelling moral reason to not be amused. However, we argue that pace D’Arms and Jacobson moral considerations can be relevant for property ascription. On our view, in order for a joke to be funny, a properly sensitive agent must take herself to have a contributory reason to be amused, and in some cases that she lacks such a reason is best explained by appeal to moral considerations. We use this constraint as the basis of what we call our modest proposal for a modest sentimentalism.
Equine Culicoides hypersensitivity in Florida: biting midges aspirated from horses

. Nine species of Culicoides were aspirated from horses in Florida during the second phase of a study of equine Culicoides hypersensitivity (CHS). Approximately 90% of the 2933 midges were Culicoides insignis Lutz, 4% were C.stellifer (Coquillett), 3% were C.niger Root and Hoffman, 2% were C.alachua Jamnback and Wirth and the remaining 1% included C.venustus Hoffman, C.scanloni Wirth and Hubert, C.lahillei Iches (=C.debitipalpis Lutz), C.pusillus Lutz, and C.edeni Wirth and Blanton. Culicoides were sampled on seven farms located throughout Florida. The location and seasonality of lesion development on horses with CHS correlated with the Culicoides spp. collected directly from the horses as to their sites of attack, their seasonality and geographical distribution.
Migration analysis: role of geographic scale.

The purpose of this paper is to empirically evaluate the effect of geographic scale on migration analysis by conducting similar migration studies at two levels of spatial aggregation. The analyses are concerned with the interrelationship between interregional population movement in the U. S. from 1965 to 1970 and various socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors usually associated with migration. Recognizing the interdependent nature of these relationships, the model is specified as a system of simultaneous equations, and the parameters are estimated using a two stage least squares solution. The results indicate that scale does, in fact, influence the outcome of the analyses such that the effects of migration on regional attractiveness and the conditions under which migration occurs vary from one geographic scale to another.
Useful clinical criteria for the diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia

Misdiagnosis occurs upon initial presentation to medical attention in a considerable number of patients referred for evaluation of wide QRS tachycardia. In order to improve diagnostic accuracy (ventricular versus supraventricular tachycardia), the answers to two key bedside questions were prospectively evaluated: (1) Had the patient experienced a prior myocardial infarction? (2) Did symptoms of tachyarrhythmia start only after the infarction? A patient presenting with a wide QRS tachycardia was considered to have ventricular tachycardia if he or she answered in the affirmative to both of these questions. Of 31 consecutive patients referred with electrocardiographically documented sustained wide QRS tachycardia that was reproduced in the electrophysiology laboratory, the diagnoses made when the patients first presented to medical attention were ventricular tachycardias in 17 patients and supraventricular tachycardias in 14 patients. Following electrophysiologic evaluation, 29 were diagnosed as having ventricular tachycardia and two as supraventricular tachycardia. If the diagnoses were made solely on the basis of responses to the bedside questions mentioned earlier, 28 of the 29 patients having a final diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia would have been correctly identified. It is concluded that the use of these two questions can be very helpful in improving the clinical diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia.
Computation of three‐dimensional viscous flow between convergent traveling surfaces

The Marker-and-Cell numerical technique has been adapted to develop a method of solution for three-dimensional, unconfined, isothermal flow of a highly viscous, Newtonian fluid in a region bounded by two, nonparallel traveling surfaces. Results are reported only for plane and elliptical surfaces, but the analysis is general enough to handle any shape of interest. A computer program was developed which can be used to generate and plot the flow and pressure fields. Numerical results were obtained for the special case of symmetrically opposed convergent surfaces for a wide range of conditions.
Compartments of tubulin and tubulin-like proteins in differentiating neubroblastoma cells.

Abstract Cytoplasmic, tubular and particulate fractions of differentiating neuroblastoma cells were prepared and the tubulin together with tubulin-like proteins was measured in each cell fraction during different stages of cell differentiation. In undifferentiated cells, 73%, 5% and 22% of the tubulin and tubulin-like proteins were contained in the cytoplasmic, tubular and particulate fractions, respectively. After 5 days of differentiation, the overall content of tubulin and tubulin-like proteins had increased by 73%. This corresponded to increases of 45%, 145% and 100% in the cytoplasmic, microtubular and particulate fractions, respectively. The increase in membrane-bound (particulate) tubulin and tubulin-like proteins was significantly greater that the total increase of proteins in the particulate fraction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins in each subcellular fraction revealed the presence of protein bands corresponding to the α and β subunits of tubulin. Whereas these bands indicated equal amounts of protein in the α and β positions for the tubular and particulate cell fractions, an analysis of the cytoplasmic fraction revealed much more protein migrating to the α-tubulin position than to the β-tubulin position, especially during cell differentiation. Furthermore, two overlapping but distinct protein bands were demonstrable in the position of the α-tubulin from the cytoplasmic fraction. These bands were designatedα1 andα2. The particulate fraction contained only theα1 and the tubular fraction only theα2 protein band. The addition of 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the neuroblastoma cells, at the time when the serum was withdrawn, enhanced the rate of differentiation and the redistribution of tubulin and tubulin-like proteins within the 3 cellular compartments. These results are discussed as they relate to the regulation, biosynthesis, turnover and compartmentation of tubulin and tubulin-like proteins in differentiating neuroblastoma cells.
Mean squared error performance of MFBD nonlinear scene reconstruction using speckle imaging in horizontal imaging applications

Terrestrial imaging over very long horizontal paths is increasingly common in surveillance and defense systems. All optical systems that operate in or through the atmosphere suffer from turbulence induced image blur. This paper explores the Mean-Square-Error (MSE) performance of a multi-frame-blind-deconvolution-based reconstruction technique using a non-linear optimization strategy to recover a reconstructed object. Three sets of 70 images representing low, moderate and severe turbulence degraded images were simulated from a diffraction limited image taken with a professional digital camera. Reconstructed objects showed significant, 54, 22 and 14 percent improvement in mean squared error for low, moderate, and severe turbulence cases respectively.
Changes in the content of glutamate and GABA in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres of the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant.

The contents of glutamate and GABA, as well as aspartate, glycine, and alanine, were examined in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres of normal and Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice at 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Relative to normal values, the content of glutamate was approximately 50% lower in the vermis for the 3 age groups. In the hemispheres, the content of glutamate was also lower than control values and showed a progressive loss from 30 to 47% with age. On the other hand, in the case of GABA in the vermis, the level was 39% lower in the pcd mutant at 6 months of age but no different from control values at 12 months. However, relative to data for normal mice, the content of GABA in the hemispheres was consistently lower (20%) for all age groups. The level of aspartate was approximately 60% lower in the cerebellar vermis and 45 to 55% lower in the hemispheres of the mutant with respect to control data for all three age groups. Likewise, alanine showed a reduced content in the hemispheres (36–46%) and vermis (24%) in the mutant relative to normal values at 6, 9, and 12 months of age. On the other hand, the level of glycine was 43–64% higher in the vermis and 77–100% greater in the hemispheres of the mutant than in the control group. The higher values for glycine were observed at the two oldest ages. In conclusions, the data are consistent with the idea that glutamate and GABA are present in high concentrations in granule and Purkinje cells, respectively, and provide additional support for a transmitter function for both amino acids in the cerebellum.
Learning through a Reflection: Becoming an effective PhD supervisor

The aim of this paper is to learn how to be a better or more effective supervisor through a critical reflection on my own supervisory experience. The importance of the effective supervision is highlighted in view of the established link between effective supervision and greater completion rates of postgraduate degrees, where the latter is main focus of higher education institutions/authorities in the last decade. The reflection is used to not only to justify the way we were supervised, but to challenge it and find ways how we can improve our effective supervision. Several researchers argue that supervisors usually adopt the same supervisory practice and style as the one they experienced themselves as research students (Pearson and Brew, 2002; Lee, 2008; Wright et al., 2008), notwithstanding additional factors that might influence the effectiveness of supervision. Pearson and Brew (2002) argue that new supervisors should have an ability to critically reflect on their past experience as research student in light of the theoretical conceptions and research findings in the literature on supervision, a process called “a critical reflective journey” by Tait (2009, p.193). The methodology for this research is based on the framework for effective supervision adopted by Engebretson et al. (2008) who establish eleven characteristics of an effective supervision. Parallel to the examination of each of those individual characteristics, I provide my insight into each characteristic by reflecting on my own experience. The structure of the paper is as follows. Section 1 introduces the importance of an effective supervision in the modern educational environment, as well as the value that critical reflection brings to the learning. Section 2 provides a literature review of the characteristics of a good supervisor, along with a personal experience related to each of them. Section 3 concludes. Key words : Reflection, Learning, Supervision, Students, Oversees
An Update on QT Measurement and Interpretation Methodologies

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of theUS Department of Health and Human Services isentrusted with the responsibility to regulate ECGmedical devices and drugs in order to certify theirsafety and efficacy. Consequently, regulatory de-cisions are known to be significant driving forcesfor the research and development strategies of aca-demic and private organizations. Currently, theAgencyisfacingachallengingissueinassessingthetorsadogenic properties of new cardiac and non-cardiac drugs because of the lack of appropriatesurrogate markers. Indeed, the QT interval pro-longation measured from standard 12-lead surfaceelectrocardiograms (ECGs) has been shown to havevery strong limitations for predicting the risk ofdrug-induced torsades de pointes. Consequently,the field of quantitative electrocardiography hasbecome directly impacted by this regulatory con-cern creating significant scientific and commercialmomentum around the development of better ECGtechnologies.This regulatory concern was raised following themarketapprovalofcisaprideandterfenadine;thesedrugs became blockbusters in the US market aftercouple of years and were removed from the marketfollowing numerous reports about their torsado-genic properties. These drugs have been associatedwith a reduction of the rapidly activating inwardrectifier repolarizing currents (Ikr) leading to a de-lay of the recovery phase of the heart ventricles(and a 5–10 ms QTc interval prolongation on thesurface ECGs).
777 TRIPLE DYE AND GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI COLONIZATION

Since the introduction of Triple dye in the routine umbilical cord care, the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase positive colonization and infection has dropped dramatically. Recent reports have raised questions about an increase in the incidence of group B strep colonization when Triple dye is used and that this might explain the increase incidence of group B strep infection.
Measurement of Tissue Sulfhydryls and Disulfides in Tissue Protein and Nonprotein Fractions by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Electrochemical Detection

Abstract A specific, sensitive and quantitative method for measuring tissue sulfhydryl (SH) and disulfide levels in nonprotein, protein, and protein-bound fraction has been developed by using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Protein and nonprotein fractions are separated through perchloric acid precipitation. The protein fraction is divided into two aliquots: one which undergoes protein hydrolysis in HCl and the other which undergoes sodium borohydride reduction. The nonprotein, protein and protein-bound fractions generated are then separated by HPLC and the various sulfhydryls (e.g., cysteine, glutathione) and disulfides (e.g., cystine, glutathione disulfide) are measured directly by a dual gold mercury electrode thin layer electrochemical cell. The chromatography takes less than 15 min to separate cystine, cysteine, glutathione, and glutathione disulfide. This assay is more specific and as sensitive as other assays employing 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Furthermore, this procedure al...
Hard at play : leisure in America, 1840-1940

A collection of original essays that examine the role of leisure in American culture from the antebellum period to WWI. Encompassing a variety of disciplinary approaches, the pieces cover a wide range of topics, from roller skating and riflery to photography and free play. Includes 160 illustratio
Development of Multiregime Speed–Density Relationships by Cluster Analysis

Empirical speed-density relationships are important not only because of the central role that they play in macroscopic traffic flow theory but also because of their connection to car-following models, which are essential components of microscopic traffic simulation. Multiregime traffic speed-density relationships are more plausible than single-regime models for representing traffic flow over the entire range of density. However, a major difficulty associated with multiregime models is that the breakpoints of regimes are determined in an ad hoc and subjective manner. This paper proposes the use of cluster analysis as a natural tool for the segmentation of speed-density data. After data segmentation, regression analysis can be used to fit each data subset individually. Numerical examples with three real traffic data sets are presented to illustrate such an approach. Using cluster analysis, modelers have the flexibility to specify the number of regimes. It is shown that the K-means algorithm (where K represe...
Negative Refraction in the IR and Visible Frequencies

Here we give a brief overview of our theoretical work in the area of metamaterials with negative refraction at the infrared (IR) and visible frequencies. We will provide physical insights and intuitive remarks into our findings
A classifying space forK 1 (X, R) and extensions to Hilbert modules

In this paper we show that the self-adjoint Fredholm operators in a type II∞ factor form a classifying space forK1 (X) ⊗R for X a compact Hausdorff space. We also extend this result to the standard Hilbert module over a simple, purely infinite C*-algebra which is either unital or has a countable approximate identity consisting of projections.
Closer to understanding the value proposition for medical emergency teams

* Abbreviations: CD — : critical deterioration MET — : medical emergency team Medical emergency teams (METs) are common features of adult and pediatric hospitals and have been accepted as beneficial by many in health care, including regulatory agencies.1–9 In pediatrics, the value (quality outcome / cost) derived from operating METs is not known. Bonafide et al10 report the first significant effort in children to address MET value by detailing costs, in their large children’s hospital, associated with patient critical deteriorations (CDs) and MET operations. To account for differing structures, Bonafide et al 10 calculate MET operating costs by modeling various commonly deployed MET staffing compositions and whether the team is freestanding or comprises individuals with concurrent responsibilities. After adjusting for multiple confounders, the authors report that total hospital costs after unplanned admissions to the ICU for patients suffering CD are $99 773 greater than for unplanned ICU admissions without CD. Annualizing MET operating costs and utilizing the aforementioned CD costs, the authors estimate that if an MET, as commonly deployed in many hospitals, prevented 3.5 CDs, then the savings associated with the need to provide less emergency … Address correspondence to Richard J. Brilli, MD, FAAP, FCCM, Chief Medical Officer, 7th Floor Administration, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205. E-mail: rbrilli{at}nationwidechildrens.org
Independent gene duplications, not concerted evolution, explain relationships among class I MHC genes of murine rodents.

It has been claimed that class I MHC loci are homogenized within species by frequent events of interlocus genetic exchange (“concerted evolution”). Evidence for this process includes the fact that certain rat class I loci (including RT1.A) located centromeric to class II and class III are more similar to each other than to the mouse K locus (also centromeric to class II/class III). However, a phylogenetic analysis showed that the rat RT1.A locus is in fact orthologous to the mouse K1 pseudogene (also centromeric to class II/class III). Thus, two independent events of translocation of genes centromeric to class II/class III have occurred in the history of the murine rodents, at least one of which (involving the ancestor of RT1.A and K1) occurred prior to the divergence of rat and mouse. It was also found that the rat nonclassical class I gene RT.BM1 is orthologous to the mouse nonclassical gene 37d. These results argue that intelocus genetic exchange does not occur at a rate sufficient to cause within-species homogenization of class I MHC loci.
Surgical Treatment of Patients With N2 Disease.

Patients with stage IIIA (N2) non-small cell lung cancer constitute a significant proportion of the total lung cancer population. Mediastinoscopy plays an important role in identifying and staging such patients. Complete surgical resection yields an approximate 5-year survival rate of 30% in patients with microscopic lower mediastinal nodal metastases but is no longer standard treatment for most patients with N2 disease. Induction cisplatin-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection has significantly improved long-term outcome with acceptable morbidity and mortality compared with historical experience with surgical resection or radiation alone. an ongoing intergroup clinical trial will define whether induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection is superior to chemotherapy and higher dose radiation without resection.
The in vivo and in vitro effects of lithium on human chromosomes and cell replication

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte cultures of a healthy human donor, treated in vitro with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg LiCl/10 ml of culture (equivalent to 1.1, 1.5, and 2.1 mEq/l, respectively) had an increased incidence of chromosomal anomalies and a significant increase in satellite associations, compared with an unexposed culture. The in vivo effects of Li2CO3 on the chromosomes of psychiatric patients on lithium therapy showed increased chromosomal abnormalities, as compared with lithium-free controls. A significant finding was a marked increase in satellite associations in all lithium-treated patients. The mitotic index of PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes exposed to doses of lithium salts (0.5–1.5 mg/10 ml of culture media) was decreased, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation into cells.
The Culture and Commerce of the Textbook

The industry remains perilously poised between the requirements and restraints of commerce and the responsibilities and obligations that it must bear as a prime guardian of the symbolic culture of the nation. Coser, Charles Kadushin, and Walter Powell recognize the influence of profit, the power of what they call commerce, in text production. While the text dominates curricula at the elementary, secondary, and even college levels, very little critical attention has been paid to the ideological, political, and economic sources of its production, distribution, and reception. Book production, hence, has historically rested on a foundation where from the outset it was necessary to "find enough capital to start work and then to print only those titles which would satisfy a clientele, and that at a price which would withstand competition." An excellent case in point is the production of texts for tertiary level courses.
Inter) Subjectification and Korean honorifics

The traditional diachronic treatment of the Korean honorific marker LsupL is that LsupL was originally used as a referent honorific marker from the subject’s point of view. It then underwent changes to become a speaker-addressee-oriented (S-A) marker. Diverging from this traditional approach, I claim, based on a large-scale corpus-based study, that LsupL was used as a speaker-oriented marker as early as the fifteenth century. To account for Lsup-’s function change, I posit three stages for the evolution of the modern usage of LsupL. In Stage I (fifteenth century), LsupL was used to establish an honorific relation between a speaker and a referent. In a later transition stage (Stage II, sixteenth century), LsupL began to be used with the contextual restriction that the referent be the same as the addressee. Due to its high frequency, this use of speaker-addressee honorification was coded as a new standard (Stage III). This paper shows that the pragmatic function change of the Korean honorific marker is adequately accounted for by Traugott’s (2003, 2007) (inter)subjectification theory.
Changing pattern of end-stage renal disease in central and eastern Europe

elderly patients has risen. Large diVerences in RRT exist between individual CEE countries and this Background. The epidemiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is changing all over the world. appears mainly dependent on the level of economic development. Particularly dramatic changes of the epidemiology of ESRD have occurred in central and eastern Europe (CEE). The aim of the present study was (i) to Key words: ESRD epidemiology; diabetic nephropathy; central and eastern Europe; renal replacement therapy document the further expansion of renal replacement therapy (RRT ) noted in recent years in CEE and (ii) to analyse in some detail treatment modalities and underlying renal conditions.
Role of IL-6 in Mycobacterium avium–Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a major adverse event of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection, and paradoxically occurs as HIV viremia is suppressed and CD4 T cell numbers recover. IRIS reflects pathogenic immune responses against opportunistic infections acquired during the period of immunodeficiency, but little is understood about the mechanisms of inflammatory pathology. In this study, we show that IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels transiently rise at the time of the IRIS event in HIV-infected patients, umasking Mycobacterium avium complex infection after starting antiretroviral therapy. To directly test the role of IL-6 in IRIS pathology, we used a model of experimentally inducible IRIS in which M. avium –infected T cell–deficient mice undergo a fatal inflammatory disease after reconstitution with CD4 T cells. We find that IL-6 neutralization reduces C-reactive protein levels, alleviates wasting disease, and extends host survival during experimental IRIS. Moreover, we show that combined blockade of IL-6 and IFN-γ further reduces IRIS pathology, even after the onset of wasting disease. The combination of these clinical and experimental–model data show that the IL-6 pathway is not only a biomarker of mycobacterial IRIS but also a major mediator of pathology distinct from IFN-γ and may be a useful target for therapeutic intervention.
Phosphorylation of specific rat intestinal microvillus and basal-lateral membrane proteins by cyclic nucleotides.

Abstract The phosphorylation of specific membrane proteins by endogenous protein kinases in the microvillus and basal-lateral membrane components of rat intestinal epithelial cells has been studied using the technique of acrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. In the microvillus membrane, the endogenous phosphorylation of one specific membrane polypeptide, with a mol wt of 103,000, was found to be regulated by cyclic nucleotides. The rapid phosphorylation of this protein, which reached maximal levels at 1 min, was stimulated 2.2 times by 0.5 μM cyclic GMP, a concentration of the cyclic nucleotide that maximally activated the endogenous protein kinase. In comparison, the concentration of cyclic AMP required for maximal stimulation of phosphorylation was approximately 5 μM. A cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of a specific membrane component was also observed in basal-lateral membranes. One of the major components of the basal-lateral membrane with a mol wt of 113,000 was found to be the specific phosphate acceptor for the endogenous, membrane-bound protein kinase. The phosphorylation of this polypeptide was maximally stimulated twofold by either 0.5 μM cyclic GMP or 5 μM cyclic AMP. These results suggest that in the small intestine, cyclic nucleotide-mediated effects on water and electrolyte transport may involve regulation of the level of phosphorylation of unique protein constituents of the basal-lateral and microvillus membrane.
Physical Instability of Frozen Pemetrexed Solutions in PVC Bags

Background:Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate antineoplastic agent indicated for single-agent use in advanced or metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer and in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma not treatable by surgery. Currently, there is no information on the stability of frozen pemetrexed solutions.Objective:TO evaluate the stability of pemetrexed admixtures in common infusion solutions frozen at -20 °C to determine the drug stability period up to 90 days.Methods:Triplicate samples of pemetrexed were prepared in concentrations of 2, 10, and 20 mg/mL in dextrose 5% and NaCI 0.9% injection in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags. Evaluations for physical and chemical stability were performed initially and over 90 days of frozen storage. Physical stability was assessed using turbidimetric and particulate measurement as well as visual observation. Chemical stability was evaluated by HPLC.Results:All pemetrexed solutions remained chemically stable throughout the 90 ...
Distal Biceps Tendon Repair A Cadaveric Analysis of Suture Anchor and Interference Screw Restoration of the Anatomic Footprint

BackgroundDistal biceps tendon repair with interference screw or double suture-anchor fixation are 2 successful techniques performed with either 1- or 2-incision approaches. No study has examined the accuracy and quality of the repaired tendon footprint with these devices and approaches.HypothesisA 2-incision approach will allow a more anatomic repair of the distal biceps footprint compared with a 1-incision anterior approach. Fixation technique will affect insertional footprint location and footprint contact area.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsAfter randomization, 36 distal biceps repairs were performed on human cadaveric upper extremity specimens, with 1- or 2-incision approaches and with fixation devices of either two 5.5-mm suture anchors or an 8-mm interference screw. Native and repaired footprint areas and centroid location were calculated with a 3-dimensional digitizer.ResultsInterference screw repair had the smallest footprint area (135 mm2) compared with suture anchor repair (197 ...