cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dialectic of life and thought: Georg Simmel's philosophy of history

Guy Oakes has provided an important service for scholars in the Englishspeaking world by translating and introducing Georg Simmel’s works on the philosophy of history. Until the appearance of Oakes’s translations Simmel has been accessible to intellectual life in the English language primarily through his works on sociology. This partiality has, perhaps, distorted and blunted Simmel’s influence, especially in the United States. Where Simmel’s philosophical studies have been accessible to the intellectual community, as in the Hispanic world through the efforts of Jose Ortega y Gasset, they have had a fruitful and important impact. Indeed, the Orteguian school of ratiovitalism owes much directly to the Simmelian dialectic of life and form, in which cultural forms serve life by completing it, but violate life by containing its incessant novelty. Those who interpret Simmel as a formalist might reexamine their views in the light of his vitalistic philosophy, which bears greater resemblance to Henri Bergson’s intuitionism and William James’s radical empiricism than to the rigid conceptualism of the neo-Kantian schools. Oakes’s translations provide a good occasion for such a revaluation of Simmel’s contribution. In order to gain an adequate understanding of Simmel’s philosophy of history and of its significance it is necessary to read both The Problems of the Philosophy of History and Essays on Interpretation in Social Science, which should be considered as companion volumes. The Problems is a translation of the 1905 second edition of Simmel’s ‘epistemological essay’ critiquing the thesis of ‘historical realism’ that the aim of historical inquiry is to describe past events as they actually occurred. The 1905 work, which systematises an early effort of 1892, has the polemical intention of showing that realistic doctrines of historiography ignore the constitutive role of subjectivity in producing works of history. Simmel is inconclusive here, however, in presenting an alternative doctrine to realism, though he refers at the end of the work to a theory of ‘epistemological idealism’ that he has been defending. Except for the brief lecture, ‘On the History of Philosophy’, written in 1904, Essays
Walden Two Revisited: Optimizing Behavioral Systems

There has been little recent discussion about Skinner's utopian vision as presented in Walden Two. Organizational Behavior Management could revitalize interest in this topic through its discussion of Behavioral Systems Analysis. A brief review of utopian thought and Walden Two is provided. Four recommendations are offered to improve the viability and effectiveness of Skinner's original utopian concepts: (a) experiment with utopian ideas in existing organizations rather than create new independent communities; (b) apply advances in performance measurement and performance pay to refine Walden Two's work “credit” system; (c) address the problem of poor performing members by implementing performance management; and (d) refine Walden Two's self-management “code” and general administration.
Field and laboratory comparisons of mortality in normal and neoplastic Mya arenaria

Abstract The results of a 6-month mark and recapture experiment involving approximately 900 adult Mya arenaria demonstrated that under natural conditions, significantly higher ( P ⪡ .001, χ 2 test) mortality occurred among animals with neoplasia than those diagnosed as normal. Using a blood screening technique, the clams were diagnosed and placed in one of three diagnostic groups based on the severity of the disease (the percentage neoplastic cells per total number of blood cells): Nonneoplastic (NN), 0%; low severity neoplastic (LSN), 50%. Fifty-one percent of those clams initially diagnosed as HSN died by the end of the test period as compared to 8% of the LSN clams and only 3% of the normals. Both progression and remission of the disease were also evident. Approximately 10% of the clams in the NN and LSN groups progressed to a LSN or HSN condition, whereas 16% of those clams initially identified as LSN, and that were recovered alive, underwent complete remission during the test period. Comparison of the field results with those of an 18-week laboratory study suggests that studies of mortality done under laboratory conditions may not provide useful data for the interpretation of the quantitative effects of a disease process, such as molluscan neoplasia, on the natural population of the animal studied.
Activated instability of homogeneous bubble nucleation and growth.

For the superheated Lennard-Jones liquid, the free energy of forming a bubble with a given particle number and volume is calculated using density-functional theory. As conjectured, a consequence of known properties of the critical cavity [S. N. Punnathanam and D. S. Corti, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 10 224 (2003)], the free energy surface terminates at a locus of instability. These stability limits reside, however, unexpectedly close to the saddle point. A new picture of homogeneous bubble nucleation and growth emerges from our study, being more appropriately described as an ``activated instability.''
Effect of electrical stimulation of the vagus on plasma motilin concentration in dog.

Abstract Ten dogs anesthetized with α-chloralose were prepared with platinum monopolar electrodes in the antrum, duodenum and jejunum to record myoelectrical activity and bipolar stimulating electrodes placed on distal cut end of both cervical vagi to apply electric stimulation. Blood samples were obtained from both portal and femoral veins before and after bilateral vagal stimulation was initiated while the myoelectric activity was recorded continuously. The stimulation parameters used were low frequency (9V, 5 cps, 0.5 ms) and high frequency stimulus (9V, 30 cps, 10 ms) for 10 min. During the stimulation, plasma motilin concentrations increased significantly in both portal and femoral veins with simultaneous increases in the spike activity. The increment in the motilin level of portal venous blood was more marked. In 7 dogs, high frequency stimulation was repeated while the animals received i.v. atropine, 100 μg/kg-hr. Atropinization completely blocked the increase in the motilin concentration in response to high frequency stimulus with a simultaneous inhibition of the spike activity. The study suggests strongly that the vagus nerve plays an important role on endogenous release of motilin through its cholinergic pathway.
The chemistry of ethylene on MoAl alloy thin films formed on dehydroxylated alumina: Hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and H-D exchange reactions

Abstract The chemistry of ethylene adsorbed on a thin MoAl layer grown in ultrahigh vacuum on a thin alumina film is studied using a combination of temperature-programmed desorption and X-ray, Auger and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopies. Both di-σ-bonded and a small proportion of π-bonded ethylene are found, where the di-σ-bonded ethylene has a σ/π parameter of ∼0.8 and a heat of adsorption of ∼70 kJ/mol. The ethylene self-hydrogenates to yield ethane and a small amount of methane is detected. The surface hydrogenation activation energy of di-σ-bonded ethylene is ∼65 kJ/mol, while the π-bonded species hydrogenates more easily. Adsorbed ethyl species grafted onto the surface by decomposing ethyl iodide predominantly undergo β-hydride elimination to yield ethylene. Ethyl species hydrogenate to ethane at a lower temperature than does di-σ-bonded ethylene implying that addition of hydrogen to adsorbed ethylene is slower than the rate of ethyl hydrogenation.
Dye-laser scanning spectroscopy and fluorescence-quenching cross sections for the B Π3o,u+ state of iodine

A tuneable dye laser was used to study the energy-level structure near the dissociation limit of the B Π3o,u+ state of I2. The laser was continuously scanned from 498.0 to 520.0 nm while irradiating iodine vapor. Use of a wide-band filter, selected to pass only the third Stokes line of the fluorescence over the range of the laser scan, resulted in a continuous plot of the energy-level structure from about 35 vibrational levels below the dissociation limit to beyond the dissociation limit. From the spectrum, a value for the dissociation energy of the B Π3o,u+ state was determined, corresponding to λ = 498.8 ± 0.3 nm, in agreement with recent absorption-spectroscopy experiments. The laser was then set at each of two wavelengths: 517.1 nm, well below the dissociation limit, and 501.2 nm, close to the dissociation limit; the absolute self-quenching and foreign-gas (N2) quenching cross sections for I2 were measured by use of a digital detection system. The results were Stern-Volmer plots that yielded values of σ2τ, where πσ2 is the quenching cross section and τ is the lifetime. Cross sections are reported on the basis of τ = 1.15 × 10−6 s. A surprisingly large background fluorescence, due to collisional excitation transfer, was superimposed on the line spectrum in the foreign-gas quenching data, but not for self-quenching; appropriate corrections therefore were required for the former. Values obtained for λ = 517.1 and 501.2 nm were, respectively, σself2=40±8 and 75 ± 15 A2, σN22=3.7±1.0 and 15 ± 3 A2.
Pure culture studies of the degradation of detergent compounds

It has been found that a bacterium (isolant C12B) grew poorly on 6 and 8 carbon alcohols, well on 10 and 12 carbon alcohols, and slowly but well on the 14 to 18 carbon compounds. Unexpectedly, resting cells oxidized the 6 and 8 carbon compounds most readily and cell-free extracts oxidized 6, 8, and 10 carbon alcohols. Extracts from cells adapted to sodium lauryl sulfate oxidized the 12 carbon alcohol as well, if small concentrations of substrate were used. The bacterium grew on benzene sulfonate and adapted resting cells oxidized that compound. Pure culture degradation studies revealed that isolant C12B used only 11% of tetrapropylene ABS supplied as a sole carbon source, whereas 66% of sodium lauryl sulfate was degraded. Intermediate quantities of kerosene-based alkyl benzene sulfonate and a tallow-derived detergent were utilized. Extracts of another bacterium, TEG-5, grown on tetraethylene glycol, contained enzymes which oxidized polyethylene glycols up to an average molecular weight of 600, but not any larger polymers. This oxidation was visualized by coupling to reduction of ferricyanide.
F. Sherwood “Sherry” Rowland (1927–2012)

Frank Sherwood Rowland, known to his friends and colleagues as Sherry, died at his home in Corona del Mar, Calif., on 10 March 2012. He was 84. A Nobel Prize-winning atmospheric chemist, Sherry codiscovered the role of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in stratospheric ozone depletion, researched the accumulation of greenhouse gases on a planetary scale, and tirelessly communicated the global consequences of human activity to policy makers and the public. Sherry had a calm, gentle demeanor and was as respected for his integrity and humility as for his groundbreaking scientific achievements. Sherry was a long-time member and Fellow (1980) of AGU and received the AGU Roger Revelle Medal in 1994 for his substantial contributions to the awareness of global change. The following year, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen for their pioneering contributions to atmospheric chemistry, particularly the formation and decomposition of stratospheric ozone. In its citation, the Nobel Committee commended them for contributing to “our salvation from a global environmental problem that could have catastrophic consequences.”
C-based design flow: a case study on G.729A for voice over internet protocol (VoIP)

In this paper we present the design of a G. 729a codec in a C-based design flow. The codec is used in VoIP applications for sending speech over internet protocol. We started from the standard reference C implementation and generated several customized designs using the NISCT C-to-RTL toolset. Our final designs could run at very low clock frequencies (11 MHz for the decoder and 30 MHz for the coder) while meeting the timing requirements of the standard. We present these designs and the corresponding C-based design flow in this paper.
Understanding U.S. Biodiesel Industry Growth using System Dynamics Modeling

The production capacity of the biodiesel industry is experiencing exponential growth. Demand is driven by environmental, social, and economic factors and helped along by government mandates and incentives. Suppliers are having difficulty keeping up with demand. The U.S. production capacity has grown by a factor of ten in the past two years, and between thirty and forty new plants are currently in or near construction phase. Continued strong growth of biodiesel production capacity depends on producer/supplier profitability, which will be influenced by several factors such as biomass oil feedstock prices, product/co-product prices, production technologies, and government regulations/incentives. How, why, and to what extent will the growth of the biodiesel industry be influenced by these factors? To explore possible answers to these questions, we describe the formulation of a system dynamics model of the U.S. biodiesel marketplace. The construction and use of this model will provide a framework for understanding the causal-loop/feedback structure and dynamics of this industry and how changes in key variables (e.g. feedstock price or change in government incentives) impact growth. Using system dynamics modeling, we envision and put into perspective the possible growth behavior scenarios for this industry over the next decade.
Critical features in human motion simulation for ergonomic analysis

Digital human figure models (DHM) are increasingly the tools of choice for assessments of the physical ergonomics of products and workplaces. Software representations of users and workers are used to visualize people performing tasks of interest. Analyses have usually focused on clearance and reach in static postures, not because the actual tasks are static, but rather because DHM have lacked robust, accurate motion simulation capability. Research is underway at many institutions to develop improved motion simulation methods, drawing on a wide variety of methodologies from fields such as computer graphics, kinesiology, motor control, and robotics. Experience in the Human Motion Simulation Laboratory at the University of Michigan suggests that conventional metrics of accuracy for posture and movement prediction do not adequately capture the aspects of human movement that are most important for ergonomic analysis. This paper identifies and justifies a set of these critical features.
The Unity of Plato's Gorgias : Socrates' Situation and the Rehabilitation of Rhetoric

The Gorgias reveals much about Callicles. It gives us a view into the soul of a young man who Socrates thinks could never truly join him in his search for the truth, and who is willing to be an outspoken critic of the philosophic life. It would seem fitting that the dialogue should also reveal much about Socrates, that we should see a presentation or defense of Socrates' philosophic life in response to Callicles' attack on it. And Socrates does return, on the heels of his critique of hedonism, to the question that he earlier let fade into the background. He reminds Callicles that the most important question at issue in their conversation is the most important of all human questions – “How ought one to live?” – and he returns to Callicles' exhortation of him to abandon philosophy and to turn to a more political life (500c1–8). Yet, although Socrates returns to the question of whether his life is truly choiceworthy, he seems to raise this question only to let it fade again into the background. It takes quite some time in the remainder of the dialogue before Socrates speaks directly about his own life; and when he does, his statements are quite brief (see 521a2–522e6; cf. 508c4–513c3). Also dampening our expectations that Socrates will be particularly open about his own life in the last part of the dialogue is his return, in the same section that immediately follows his critique of Callicles' hedonism, to the issue of rhetoric.
Bounding mean regressions when a binary regressor is mismeasured

In this paper I examine identification and estimation of mean regression models when a binary regressor is mismeasured. I prove that bounds for the model parameters are identified and provide simple estimators which are consistent and asymptotically normal. When stronger prior information about the probability of misclassification is available, the bounds can be made tighter. Again, a simple estimator for these cases is provided. All results apply to parametric and nonparametric models. The paper concludes with a short empirical example.
Oleoresinosis in Grand Fir (Abies grandis) Saplings and Mature Trees (Modulation of this Wound Response by Light and Water Stresses)

The stem content of diterpene resin acids (rosin) increases dramatically following wounding of grand fir (Abies grandis) saplings, but the level of monoterpene olefins (turpentine) in the stem decreases following injury, in spite of a significant increase in monoterpene cyclase (synthase) activity. However, this observation was explained when rapid evaporative losses of the volatile monoterpenes from the wound site was demonstrated by trapping experiments, a finding consistent with a role of turpentine as a solvent for the mobilization and deposition of rosin to seal the injury. Mature forest trees responded to stem wounding by the enhancement of monoterpene cyclization capacity in a manner similar to 2-year-old grand fir saplings raised in the greenhouse. Light and water stresses greatly reduced the constitutive level of monoterpene cyclase activity and abolished the wound-induced response. The diminution in monoterpene biosynthetic capacity was correlated with a dramatic decrease in cyclase protein as demonstrated by immunoblotting. Relief of stress conditions resulted in the restoration of cyclase activity (both constitutive and wound induced) to control levels. The results of these experiments indicate that grand fir saplings are a suitable model for studies of the regulation of defensive oleoresinosis in conifers.
Effects of the organophosphate pesticide Counter® on laboratory deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Laboratory deer mice (Peromyscus manniculatus) received a single oral dose of the organophosphate (OP) pesticide COUNTER® at four dose levels (2.48, 1.69, 0.92, and 0.0 mg active ingredient per kilogram body weight). The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 96 h after dosing to determine brain cholinesterase inhibition and recovery over time. Brain cholinesterase of treated mice was depressed in a dose-dependent fashion but showed no detectable change over time and did not recover over 96 h. Brain cholinesterase measurement is probably not appropriate for determining COUNTER-induced death; mice that died did not have lower cholinesterase activity than sacrificed mice. Brain cholinesterase depression may not be a direct cause of death due to COUNTER exposure. Sublethal effects of exposure at the two highest doses included reduction in food consumption and body weight, and behavioral signs indicating intoxication for at least 24 h after dosing. Residue was detected in only one out of 67 brain tissue samples. Response of brain cholinesterase to COUNTER exposure is atypical relative to other OPs.
Equilibrium of a Submerged Body with Slack Mooring

This chapter presents an approach to the modeling of a submerged rigid body that is supported by slack moorings. Our main goal is to determine the static equilibrium configuration of these systems. The submerged body and mooring lines are subject to various loads including: gravity, buoyancy, viscous drag due to a constant stream flow, applied forces, and applied torques. The elastic mooring lines in the system can only support tensile loads, and are arranged in a network so that some mooring lines may be completely slack. Here we use a Lagrangian mechanics framework to determine the equations of equilibrium of the system. It is shown that the equations of equilibrium can be solved via solving a sequence of nonlinear programming (NLP) problems. The resultant NLP problems are solved using a sequential quadratic programming technique that minimizes the exact L∞ penalty function. The chapter presents some examples to illustrate the behavior of slack moored systems that are submerged in a steady stream.
I²MIX: Integration of Intra-Flow and Inter-Flow Wireless Network Coding

Wireless network coding has been shown to reduce the number of transmissions by exploiting the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. Multiple packets may be encoded into a single packet when their respective next hops have enough information to decode them. Previous research has shown that packets belonging to different flows may be encoded (interflow coding) when they are passing through a common router. Similarly, it has also been shown that coding packets of the same flow (intra-flow coding) may provide better reliability by not relying on the reception of any single packet. In this work, we first present IMIX, an intra-flow wireless network coding scheme which has the potential to save transmissions and therefore improve network throughput. We then propose I2 MIX, the first design to the best of our knowledge, that can benefit from integrating inter and intra flow wireless network coding. Finally, we show through trace based evaluations that I2 MIX can reduce the total number of transmissions by 21-30%.
Interferon γ Regulates Acute and Latent Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection and Chronic Disease of the Great Vessels

To define immune mechanisms that regulate chronic and latent herpesvirus infection, we analyzed the role of interferon γ (IFN-γ) during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Lethality studies demonstrated a net protective role for IFN-γ, independent of IFN-α/β, during acute MCMV infection. Mice lacking the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR−/−) developed and maintained striking chronic aortic inflammation. Arteritis was associated with inclusion bodies and MCMV antigen in the aortic media. To understand how lack of IFN-γ responses could lead to chronic vascular disease, we evaluated the role of IFN-γ in MCMV latency. MCMV-infected IFN-γR−/− mice shed preformed infectious MCMV in spleen, peritoneal exudate cells, and salivary gland for up to 6 mo after infection, whereas the majority of congenic control animals cleared chronic productive infection. However, the IFN-γR was not required for establishment of latency. Using an in vitro explant reactivation model, we showed that IFN-γ reversibly inhibited MCMV reactivation from latency. This was at least partly explained by IFN-γ– mediated blockade of growth of low levels of MCMV in tissue explants. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that IFN-γ regulation of reactivation from latency contributes to control of chronic vascular disease caused by MCMV. These studies are the first to demonstrate that a component of the immune system (IFN-γ) is necessary to regulate MCMV-associated elastic arteritis and latency in vivo and reactivation of a herpesvirus from latency in vitro. This provides a new model for analysis of the interrelationships among herpesvirus latency, the immune system, and chronic disease of the great vessels.
Long-term agroecosystem research on northern Great Plains mixed-grass prairie near Mandan, North Dakota

Sanderson, M. A., Liebig, M. A., Hendrickson, J. R., Kronberg, S. L., Toledo, D., Derner, J. D. and Reeves, J. L. 2015. Long-term agroecosystem research on northern Great Plains mixed-grass prairie near Mandan, North Dakota. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1101–1116. In 1915, a stocking rate experiment was started on 101 ha of native mixed-grass prairie at the Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory (NGPRL) near Mandan, ND (100.9132N, 46.7710W). Here, we document the origin, evolution, and scientific outcomes from this long-term experiment. Four pastures of 12.1, 20.2, 28.3, and 40.5 ha were laid out and stocked continuously from May until October with 2-yr-old or yearling beef steers at four rates [initially 0.98, 1.39, 1.83, and 2.4 animal unit months ha−1]. The experiment generated some of the first information on the resilience of mixed-grass prairie to grazing and drought and relationships of livestock productivity to soil moisture for predictive purposes. After 1945, the experiment was reduced to the light...
Soil properties of mangroves in contrasting geomorphic settings within the Zambezi River Delta, Mozambique

Mangroves are well-known for their numerous ecosystem services, including sequestering a significant carbon stock, with soils accounting for the largest pool. The soil carbon pool is dependent on the carbon content and bulk density. Our objective was to assess the spatial variability of mangrove soil physical and chemical properties within the Zambezi River Delta and determine whether it may be associated with geomorphic setting. Plots were classified as one of four geomorphic settings: seaward fringe, creek, riverine, and interior. Additionally, we attempted to determine the source(s) of organic matter contributing to the soil carbon pool and any associated spatial variability therein. Many statistically significant differences were shown with depth and setting. However, variability of the measured characteristics was low when compared to other mangrove settings. Mean carbon concentrations ranged from 1.38 to 2.38 % C and mean bulk density values ranged from 0.75 to 1.02 g cm−3. Stable isotopic signatures showed that the organic matter is likely a mix of mangrove and marine sources, with mangrove-derived sources contributing 42–58 %.
Designing Scalable Graph500 Benchmark with Hybrid MPI+OpenSHMEM Programming Models

MPI has been the de-facto programming model for scientific parallel applications. However, it is hard to extract the maximum performance for irregular data-driven applications using MPI. The Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming models present an alternative approach to improve programmability. The lower overhead in one-sided communication and the global view of data in PGAS models have the potential to increase the performance at scale. In this study, we take up ‘Concurrent Search’ kernel of Graph500 — a highly data driven irregular benchmark — and redesign it using both MPI and OpenSHMEM constructs. We also implement load balancing in Graph500. Our performance evaluations using MVAPICH2-X (Unified MPI+PGAS Communication Runtime over InfiniBand) indicate a 59% reduction in execution time for the hybrid design, compared to the best performing MPI based design at 8,192 cores.
The Bee Svastra sabinensis: Nesting Biology, Mature Oocyte, Postdefecating Larva, and Association with Triepeolus penicilliferus (Apidae: Apinae: Eucerini and Nomadinae: Epeolini)

ABSTRACT Information on the nesting biology of the large, ground-nesting, communal eucerine Svastra (Epimelissodes) sabinensis sabinensis (Cockerell) from Arizona is added to a previous account (Rozen, 1983). Details of nest size, location, depth, and structure are reported. Mature oocytes dissected from females are illustrated and described. Further information on its cocoon is presented and interpreted with respect to how it functions. The postdefecating larva is described and compared with that of S. o. obliqua (Say), the only other Svastra larva described to date. The association of this bee with Triepeolus penicilliferus (Brues) is further confirmed with the recovery of an immature larva of this cleptoparasite from one of the nest cells.
Accommodation of missing shear strain in the Central Walker Lane, western North America: Constraints from dense GPS measurements

Abstract We present 264 new interseismic GPS velocities from the Mobile Array of GPS for Nevada Transtension (MAGNET) and continuous GPS networks that measure Pacific–North American plate boundary deformation in the Central Walker Lane. Relative to a North America-fixed reference frame, northwestward velocities increase smoothly from ∼4 mm/yr in the Basin and Range province to 12.2 mm/yr in the central Sierra Nevada resulting in a Central Walker Lane deformation budget of ∼8 mm/yr. We use an elastic block model to estimate fault slip and block rotation rates and patterns of deformation from the GPS velocities. Right-lateral shear is distributed throughout the Central Walker Lane with strike-slip rates generally
Excavation of the Greek Temples at Mycenae by the British School at Athens

The Greek temples on the summit of the citadel at Mycenae were discovered and partially cleared by Ch. Tsountas in 1886, but the major excavation was undertaken in 1939 under the direction of A. J. B. Wace. The results of this season have never been fully studied. This article is based upon a new examination of the material evidence and the documents in the Mycenae archives of the British School at Athens. Previously unpublished architectural drawings, photographs, plans, and sections make it possible to assess the nature of the Archaic and Hellenistic temples at Mycenae. The evidence points to the establishment of the cult in the Geometric period, along with the construction of the northern terraces, followed by a significant reorganization of the temenos and the construction of the first stone temple in the early Archaic period. Preliminary analysis of the preserved architectural elements indicates a strong connection between the Archaic temple at Mycenae and the early temples at Corinth and Isthmia. The well-known stone reliefs from Mycenae, dated c. 630 BC, should also belong to this early structure. In the third century BC, when Mycenae had been resettled as an Argive kome, the temple was rebuilt, incorporating Archaic material in its foundations.
Space Shuttle Large-Format Camera Coverage over Canada: A Review of the Mission and the Photographs Acquired

RESUMEEn octobre 1984, la navette spatiale americaine Challenger effectuait une mission spatiale a des fins cartographiques, equipee d'une chambre de prises de vues grand format. Des photographies a haute resolution, et de qualite superieure, de territoires bien definis a travers le monde ainsi que 225 photographies de differentes regions du Canada ont ainsi ete produites. Le present article expose les resultats de cette experience concernant la couverture photographique tant a l'echelle mondiale qu'a l'echelle canadienne. La couverture photographique du Canada, le nombre de photographies qui ont ete prises ainsi que les pellicules qui ont ete utilisees sont traites en detail. Il est egalement question de la qualite des photographies des regions canadiennes ainsi que de applications actuelles et prevues dont elles font l'objet. L'auteur a reproduit certaines photographies du Canada afin d'illustrer les caracteristique de cette technique.
Histochemical distribution of alkaline phosphatase in dog liver after experimental biliary obstruction.

SummaryBile capillaries show distinct phosphatase activity in the normal dog liver. This property can be used for their microscopic demonstration. After ligation of the common bile duct there is not only marked dilatation ot' the bile capillaries but also apposition of phosphatase around them which increases with the duration of the experiment. The changes in the distribution of alkaline phosphatase in histochemical preparations favor the assumption that the increase of serum phosphatase in liver damage is due. to the inability of the liver cells to excrete the enzyme rather than to increased production in the liver itself.
Adinazolam-SR in panic disorder with agoraphobia: Relationship of daily dose to efficacy.

Background We report the results from a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, fixed-dose study designed to evaluate the relationship between daily dose and efficacy of adinazolam-SR in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia. Method Patients (N = 315) were randomized to one of four treatment groups (placebo, N = 83; 30-mg group, N = 79; 60-mg group, N = 81; and 90-mg group, N = 72) and then treated twice daily for 4 weeks. All treatment groups were comparable demographically. Primary efficacy measures included total number of panic attacks, global improvement score using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, phobic anxiety dimension of the Symptom Checklist-90 phobic cluster, overall phobia state using the Phobia Scale, and severity of illness on the CGI. Results The 60- and 90-mg/day adinazolam-SR treatment groups showed superior results when compared with the placebo group at Week 4 while the 30-mg group did not. Treatment with adinazolam-SR was well tolerated, with sedation the only treatment-emergent symptom that occurred more frequently in patients treated with adinazolam-SR than placebo. Conclusion These results suggest that adinazolam-SR at doses of 60-mg/day or greater administered twice daily is a safe and effective treatment in selected patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia.
Design of a 1 DOF MEMS motion stage for a parallel plane geometry rheometer

Rotational rheometers are used to measure paste properties, but the test would take too long to be useful for quality control (QC) on the job site. In this paper, a new type of rheometer is proposed based on a one degree of freedom (DOF) micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based motion stage. Preliminary data will be presented to show the capability of the system to measure the viscoelastic properties of a paste. The parallel plate geometry rheometer consists of two plates, which move relative to each other to apply a strain to the material to be tested. From the stress measured and the strain applied, the rheological characteristics of the material can be calculated. The new device consists of an electrothermal actuator and a motion plate. For the rheological measurements, the device is designed to generate the shear stress up to 60 Pa and maintain its stiffness to less than 44 N/m. With these features, the device uses a square plate of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm to provide enough area for a few micro-liter level volumes. The motion of the square plate is monitored by a capacitive sensor at the end of the oscillating plate which has a resolution of 1.06 μm. When a reference cementitious paste, Standard Reference Material (SRM)-2492, is placed between the oscillating plate of the presented motion stage and a fixed plate, the reduction in the displacement of the oscillating plate is monitored showing that the presented motion stage is reasonably designed to detect the response of the reference cementitious paste.
Lack of Sustained Benefit of Red Cell Exchange in Patients with Sickling Hemoglobinopathies and Coexisting Warm Autoantibody Hemolysis.

Abstract Abstract 4626 Introduction Red cell exchange (RCE) can be beneficial in the management of patients (pts) with sickling hemoglobinopathies by rapidly reducing hemoglobin (Hb) S levels and raising Hb A levels, thereby decreasing hemolysis and improving organ perfusion. We present 2 pts with sickle beta+ thalassemia (SBT) whose clinical courses were complicated by coexisting warm autoantibody hemolysis and prolonged refractory pain. They had less benefit from RCE than expected due to rapid rebound of Hb S levels and decline in Hb A levels within 48 to 72 hrs after RCE. Each subsequently improved with immunosuppressive therapy. Case Reports We report 2 African American female pts with SBT who presented with severe anemia, high absolute reticulocyte counts (arc), evident hemolysis, and lack of sustained response of their Hb levels to red cell transfusions. Each had multiple alloantibodies and warm autoantibodies. Patient 1 (see Fig. A), age 34 years, presented with anemia (initial Hb 7.5 g/dL), arc 267 K/μL, and total serum bilirubin (bili) 4.3 mg/dL. Between hospital days 5 and 8, she received 8 units of compatible red cells, but her Hb the next day was only 5.7 g/dL. She then underwent a 5 unit RCE (starting Hb S was 79.3%, Hb A was 14%). Hb S fell to 60.6% the next day; Hb A rose to 33%. Three days post RCE, arc was 854 K/μL, Hb S rose to 68.5%, and Hb A fell to 24.8%. Subsequently intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) was given (48 g per day for 3 days). Her Hb stabilized, began to rise, and she experienced clinical improvement. Patient 2 (see Fig. B), age 36 years, also presented with anemia (Hb 6.8 g/dL), arc 694 K/μL, and bili 2.7 mg/dL. Over the first 10 hospital days she received 3 units of red cells. She was on prednisone (5 mg daily) maintenance for warm autoantibody (IgG) hemolysis. On day 13 a 4 unit RCE was performed. Pre-RCE Hb S was 61.9%, Hb A was 26.9%. Post RCE Hb S was 40.5%, Hb A 50.9%, but 48 hrs post RCE, Hb S level had risen to 52.8% and Hb A fell to 38.8%. Arc was 843 K/μl; Hb was 6.3 g/dL. Prednisone dose was increased to 100 mg per day, and IVIG (2 gm total per kg body weight) was given. Her Hb stabilized and she improved clinically. Conclusions Lack of sustained benefit from RCE in these pts likely resulted from 2 factors: (1) high reticulocyte counts, leading to rapid replacement of Hb S cells; and (2) shortened survival of Hb A cells, secondary to their destruction by the warm autoantibodies. Immunosuppressive therapy targeted to the autoimmune component of the anemia provided substantial clinical benefit. Download : Download high-res image (84KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (98KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Response to the symposium on Aldon Morris’ The Scholar Denied

I am happy that Ethnic and Racial Studies published a review symposium on Aldon Morris’ The Scholar Denied, a book that fundamentally changes how we think about the origins of Sociology and about t...
The Diaries of Waslaw Nijinsky and the Absence of the Work

This article attempts to think through the possibility of a purely affective text in relation to the book as it reads The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky . The Diary’s autobiographical status is problematized, the first edition having been heavily edited to produce a more conventional literary work; the unexpurgated edition, while restoring the text’s integrity, heightens the sense of the book as the absence of its author. I argue that the interest of Nijinsky’s text lies not in the record of his daily thoughts and activities, as in a diary—an apparently straightforward autobiographical genre—nor in the memoires of a famous individual, i.e. the famous dancer Nijinsky’s recollections of his life and times to be preserved for the future. The interest is rather expressed by Nijinsky’s “de-facement” and his singular writing of « чувство» , or “feeling.” Through comparisons with Tolstoy, as well as the texts of philosophers Maurice Blanchot and Brian Masumi, Nijinsky’s writing is shown to involve an experience that is ruinous to both the subject as a form of expression and the form of the work as a unified whole, an experience inscribed in Nijinsky’s trace of “feeling,” which is comparable to Blanchot’s notion of “the absence of the work”.
Forecasting: Does the Box-Jenkins Method Work Better than Regression?

S Nanda teaches at the Whjttemore School of Business and Economics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, and also works for Elder Care Services Inc., Rowley, MA., USA. Forecasting is an essential part of the managerial decision making process. If decisions involve marketing or sales planning, demand has to be forecast; for decisions on inventory level, future requirements have to be forecast; and in decisions on new product introduction, the market for the product has to be forecast.
Use of A Comic Book to Assist Student Learning of Dimensions of Patient-Centered Care

Objective: To evaluate the use of comic books as a supplemental reading to assist student learning of the dimensions of patient-centered care. The Innovation: A comic book titled Mom’s Cancer was used as a supplemental reading in a course that introduced 2nd year pharmacy students (in a 0-6 year program) to the social aspects of pharmacy practice. Students read the book and provide their reflections about the book and topic covered in it. Critical Analysis: A total of 100 students registered in two sections of the course provided their responses. Student responses to the comic book activity were overwhelmingly positive. More than half of the student reflections included their personal experience with the healthcare system. The comic book format helped illustrate patient experiences with chronic illness to students. The range of comic books is not enough to give a comprehensive coverage of all the topics in the pharmacy curriculum. Getting the appropriate comic book for the respective topic could be challenging. Also, the effectiveness of comics as an education tool may be limited, if readers are less likely to take information provided via this medium seriously. Next Steps: The positive responses from students highlight the point that pharmacy faculty could use comic books in their pharmacy courses. Further research is needed to determine topics that would be effectively addressed by comic books and best practices for comic book use in pharmacy curriculum. Conflict of Interest The author declares no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties Type: Note
Correlation of dynamic cone penetrometer index to proof roller test to assess subgrade soils stabilization criterion

The proof roller test has been traditionally carried out as a technique for subgrade quality assessment in road construction and the induced pumping and permanent deformation are used as the basis for subgrade’s pass/fail criteria. The objective of the study presented herein is to assess the feasibility of using the dynamic cone penetrometer index, DCPI, to discern the need for undercut and the quality of subgrade. A series of 3D FEM analysis was performed to develop a subgrade stabilization recommendation chart, based on the predicted properties from DCPI and deformation response under cyclic proof roll loading. The ‘not passing’ criterion (will be referred to herein as ‘failure’ criterion) was determined as a 25 mm permanent deformation under proof roll test. It was determined that the failure deformation occurs at DCPI value of 38 mm/blow for single layer subgrade soil with the Mr/E50 of 6, ratio of resilient modulus to the secant modulus at 50% shear failure. These results are consistent with NCDOT 38...
Nonunions of the Wrist and Hand

Nonunions of the wrist and hand present a challenging problem with continually evolving treatment modalities. Appropriate evaluation of the nonunited wrist or hand fracture, identification of the causal factors leading to nonunion, and subsequent choice of intervention are critical to providing a functional and painless extremity. This chapter will discuss nonunions of the wrist and hand, their sequelae, and treatment options ranging from reconstructions to salvage procedures.
Computational Complexity of Advising

This chapter formulates the problem of constructing an optimal advisor: finding both the estimator coefficients and advisor set that give the highest average advising accuracy. Earlier chapters have indicated that both the tasks of independently finding optimal estimator coefficients and optimal advisor sets are NP-complete; the problem of finding both simultaneously is NP-complete as well. This chapter gives NP-completeness proofs for the three problems of Optimal Advisor, Advisor Estimator, and Advisor Set.
Systematic Complex Haploinsufficiency-Based Genetic Analysis of Candida albicans Transcription Factors: Tools and Applications to Virulence-Associated Phenotypes.

Genetic interaction analysis is a powerful approach to the study of complex biological processes that are dependent on multiple genes. Because of the largely diploid nature of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, genetic interaction analysis has been limited to a small number of large-scale screens and a handful for gene-by-gene studies. Complex haploinsufficiency, which occurs when a strain containing two heterozygous mutations at distinct loci shows a phenotype that is distinct from either of the corresponding single heterozygous mutants, is an expedient approach to genetic interactions analysis in diploid organisms. Here, we describe the construction of a barcoded-library of 133 heterozygous TF deletion mutants and deletion cassettes for designed to facilitate complex haploinsufficiency-based genetic interaction studies of the TF networks in C. albicans. We have characterized the phenotypes of these heterozygous mutants under a broad range of in vitro conditions using both agar-plate and pooled signature tag-based assays. Consistent with previous studies, haploinsufficiency is relative uncommon. In contrast, a set of 12 TFs enriched in mutants with a role in adhesion were found to have altered competitive fitness at early time points in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Finally, we characterized the genetic interactions of a set of biofilm related TFs in the first two steps of biofilm formation, adherence and filamentation of adherent cells. The genetic interaction networks at each stage of biofilm formation are significantly different indicating that the network is not static but dynamic.
Impact of Transmission Impairments on Network Performance

In a wavelength-routed optical network, a transmitted signal remains in the optical domain over the entire route (lightpath) assigned to it between its source and destination nodes. The optical signal may have to traverse a number of crossconnect switches (XCSs), fiber segments, and optical amplifiers, e.g., erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Thus, while propagating through the network, the signal may degrade in quality as it encounters crosstalk at the XCSs and also picks up amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise at the EDFAs. Since these impairments continue to degrade the signal quality as it progresses towards its destination, the received bit-error rate (BER) at the destination node might become unacceptably high. Previous work on the lightpath routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem assumed an ideal physical layer and ignored these transmission impairments. The main contribution of our work is to incorporate the role of the physical layer in setting up lightpaths by employing appropriate models of multi-wavelength optical devices (XCSs and EDFAs) such that the BER of a candidate lightpath can be computed, in advance, to determine if this lightpath should be used for the call. Features from existing RWA algorithms are integrated with our on-line BER calculation mechanism. Our simulation studies indicate that employing BER-based call-admission algorithms has a significant impact on the performance of realistic networks.
Retrospect on the Verb ‘to be’ and the Concept of Being

When I began work on the Greek verb to be in 1963, in the project that took shape in the article ‘The Greek Verb “to be” and the Concept of Being’1 and eventually resulted in a book on the Greek verb ‘to be’ in 1973,2 my aim was to provide a kind of grammatical prolegomena to the study of Greek ontology. I wanted to give a description of the linguistic facts concerning the ordinary use and meaning of the verb, apart from its special use by the philosophers, in order to clarify the pretheoretical point of departure for the doctrines of Being developed by Parmenides, Plato, and Aristotle. I thought at the time (and still think) that the ancient use of the verb esti/einai/on was poorly understood, and that much of the modern discussion is vitiated by false assumptions, in particular by an uncritical application of the notions of existence and copula to the interpretation of ancient texts. I take the present occasion to summarize the results of my work both for the theory of the verb and for the interpretation of some of the early philosophical texts, referring to earlier publications for more detailed exposition and defense of the views outlined here.
Voting Weights as Power Proxies: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results

It is widely known that the voting weights of members in a voting body are not good proxies for their influence or power within the body. The question that arises, however, is how bad a proxy are they?