cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variables Affecting the Strength of Bond between Porcelain and Gold

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUAVARIABLES AFFICIENTE LE LIGAMINAGE DE PORCELLANA FUSIONATE A AURO.—Un analyse de certe variables demonstrava que si le auro es rendite aspere ante le fusionage de illo con porcellana, un augmento de inter 13 e 15 pro cento pote esser obtenite in le fortia del ligaminage. Quando le agente Ceramcote de conditionage de metallo esseva usate a un temperatura de 980 C, le fortia del ligaminage cresceva per 6 a 10 pro cento. Tamen, quando Ceramcote esseva cocite a un temperatura de 1050 C, un augmento de 25 pro cento esseva necessari in le carga pro effectuar le fracturation del ligaminage. Le utilisation de un vacuo in le fusionage del porcellana al auro produceva resultatos plus uniforme e un augmento de 11 pro cento in le fortia del ligaminage in comparation con illo obtenite per le normal processo de fusion.
Coupled transport and uphill permeation of steam and oxygen in a dense ceramic membrane

Abstract Coupled transport membranes utilize the flux of one species to help drive the flux of another species, in some cases even against its own chemical potential gradient. To date, however, coupled transport membrane studies and applications have been almost exclusively confined to aqueous or liquid membrane media. To alleviate the drawbacks to membranes using these materials, we have developed a solid-state coupled transport membrane system based on a proton conducting perovskite ceramic. Using coupled transport effects, this membrane is capable of simultaneously transporting water and oxygen, including the uphill transport of either chemical species. This is the first known example of a solid-state coupled transport membrane and is the first of any type to operate at high temperatures. The unique features of this system open up the possibility of new membrane separation applications, including air separation or natural gas reforming using waste steam and heat streams.
Selective Electroless Metal Deposition Using Microcontact Printing of Phosphine−Phosphonic Acid Inks

We report a low-cost approach to selectively deposit films of nickel and copper on glass substrates. Our approach uses microcontact printing of organic inks containing phosphonic acid groups to bind the ink to a glass substrate and phosphine groups to bind a colloidal catalyst that initiates electroless metallization. We demonstrate this procedure by fabricating patterned nickel and copper films with areas as large as 15 cm2 and minimum feature sizes of ∼2 μm. We present studies on the use of two ink types, an oligomer and a bifunctional molecule, and demonstrate that pattern quality and adhesion of the metallized films depends on the molecular weight of the ink and the ratio of phosphine and phosphonic acid groups.
G363(P) Infectious complications in biliary atresia; a single centre experience

Objectives To evaluate incidence and timing of cholangitis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in Biliary Atresia (BA), after Kasai Porto-enterostomy (KP), prior to liver transplantation (LT). Methods A single-centre retrospective analysis, comprising 78 patients (36M:42F) who underwent KP between 2008–2010. Results Cholangitis followed in 38/78 (48%) patients; median number of episodes 2 (range: 1, 5). Median age for first episode was 5.6 months (2, 72.5). Six patients showed dilated biliary radicles on ultrasound. Organisms were isolated from blood cultures in six patients; E-coli (n = 2), Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus Pneumonia and Pseudomonas. 27/38 (71%) cholangitic patients underwent LT, 10 are alive with their native liver and one died. Ascites developed in 29/78 (37%) patients, at median age 6.5 months (3.1, 66). Ascitic taps were performed in 41% (12/29), due to respiratory distress with fever (5/12) or without fever (7/12) at median age 7.4 months (3.2, 22.8). 16/17 patients that did not have ascitic taps underwent LT at a median age 17.2 months (7.4, 79.7) and one died whilst listed for LT. Timing of tap was at the onset of ascites in six patients and at a median time of 2 months (0.1, 4.6) from onset of ascites in the remaining six patients. Four patients fulfilled criteria for SBP diagnosis; 3 culture-negative (wcc >250 mm 3 ), one bacteri-ascites (wcc 3 ; gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods). No culture-positive SBP was identified. One culture-negative SBP revealed Streptococcus Pneumoniae in blood cultures. Five patients that underwent ascitic taps previously had cholangitis. Antibiotics were already commenced in 8/12 patients pre-tap. Raised plasma wcc (>17 mm 3 ) was identified in SBP (3/4) and non-SBP (3/8) patients. All SBP patients underwent LT at a median age 10.5 months (7.1, 16.1). Non-SBP patients underwent LT (n = 4), are alive with native liver (n = 1) or died (n = 3; all listed for LT). Conclusion Cholangitis and SBP occurred in 48% and 5% of BA patients respectively; cholangitis episodes presented earlier. Few cases revealed positive bacterial cultures. Definition of paediatric SBP needs to account for pre-culture antibiotic use. New molecular techniques should be sought to aid diagnosis. LT is a successful outcome for cholangitis, SBP and non-SBP ascites.
Attenuated transcriptional responses to oxidative stress in the aged rat brain.

The aged nervous system displays impaired cognitive functions, and these impairments are exacerbated in several neurodegenerative diseases. A role for oxidative stress has been suggested for several of these age-associated dysfunctions. In addition, recovery from more acute traumatic insults that also generate oxidative stress is impaired in the aged. Here we examine the response of aged rat hippocampi to normobaric hyperoxia treatments and demonstrate an attenuation in the DNA binding activity of the AP-1 and nuclear factor-κB transcription factors, which are important components of stress response signal transduction pathways and can determine shifts in cellular commitments to necrosis, apoptosis, or functional recovery in the central nervous system. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nanopatterning with Lithography

In this Activity, students are introduced to the unique challenges of nanoscale fabrication. They will learn the general principles of serial and parallel nanofabrication techniques. Using a macroscale analogy, students explore the parallel fabrication technique known as nanosphere lithography to create patterns. The representation of the technique uses small nylon spheres as a nanosphere mask and talcum powder as the material deposited through the mask to form desired particle patterns.
Stratégies de distinction entre un vertige positionnel bénin et une ischémie vertébrobasilaire rotationnelle

Le vertige provoque par la rotation de la tete est un symptome classique d’ischemie vertebrobasilaire rotationnelle (IVBR). Une atteinte de l’oreille interne peut causer un vertige positionnel et mimer l’IVBR. Nous presentons un cas de vertige uniformement declenche par la rotation de la tete a gauche en position couche. L’angio-CT et l’arteriographie dynamique ne montraient pas de compression des arteres vertebrales avec la rotation de la tete. L’evaluation ulterieure montra un vertige positionnel paroxystique benin (VPBP) comme etiologie. Le traitement du VPBP entraina la resolution des symptomes. Une revue succincte de cette pathologie otologique frequente est faite, et des strategies pour aider a la distinguer de l’IVBR sont discutees.
Characterizing the rural landscape during the Iron Age and Roman period (ca. 1200 B.C.- A.D. 400): An intensive survey of Wadi al-Feidh, southern Jordan

Archaeological surveys in the southern Levant have traditionally focused on areas with favorable climates and flat terrain where large urban sites are found, corresponding with a research focus on social complexity and state formation. Fewer surveys have explored the rocky, difficult-to-reach areas where large-scale agriculture was rare. This article uses survey data from the 2009 survey of Wadi al-Feidh, southern Jordan, to demonstrate the importance of exploring these environmentally marginal areas. Employing an intensive survey methodology, we recorded a range of sites and features previously unrecognized in this region. These findings suggest that subsistence patterns shifted from small-scale, mixed agro-pastoralism in the Iron Age (1200–586 b.c.) to a more intensive, top-down strategy of agricultural production by the Roman period (ca. 100 b.c.–a.d. 400). The results provide new insight into regional socioeconomic change in the southern Levant from the perspective of peripheral communities.
Lipid transport aspects of atherogenesis.

In this review we shall examined the current understanding of events that lead to the incipient formation of the early from cell lesion in atherogenesis and its localization. Particular emphasis will be placed on the intimal transport mechanisms that lead to the growth of extracelular lipid liposomes in the intima, since there is now substantial evidence that this growth is triggering event in the complex sequence of processess that leads to the recruitment of blood borne monocytes into the subendothelial intima and their subsequent conversion to macrophages
CONGESTION ABATEMENT IN ITS THROUGH CENTRALIZED ROUTE ALLOCATION

We present a methodology for congestion abatement in ITS. It is based on the centralized management of route allocation to individual vehicles, aimed at minimizing the contention for the use of roadway facilities and the resulting congestion. The underlying principle is that of treating a system as a Store-and-Forward system, in which the use of roadways is allocated to individual traffic units in a way that minimizes the overall delay to the users of the system. Individual vehicles are given the opportunity to use Service Channels assigned by a Traffic Management Center (TMC). The Service Channels provide the best routes to individual travelers consistent with the goal of global system optimization. A discussion is given of the possible evolution from early deployment of ITS when only a few vehicles Will be equipped with ITS instrumentation, to the days of full IVHS deployment.
Mutagenic action of a series of epoxides

The mutagenicity of a series of 13 epoxide compounds was studied using a bacterial plate assay system. The histidine-dependent tester strains TA98 (for frameshift mutagens) and TA100 (for base-pair substitution mutagens) of Salmonella typhimurium were used. Mutagenicity was evaluated both with and without the additon of rat liver microsomal extract. Dieldrin, diglycidyl ether of bis phenol A and 3 of its homologues were not mutagenic. Allyl glycidyl ether, n-butyl glycidyl ether, vinly cyclohexene diepoxide, glycidol, glycidal-dehyde, diglycidyl ether, diepoxybutane and diglycidyl ether of substituted glycerine were mutagenic in the TA100 strain, causing reversion of the bacteria to histidine independence. Dose-reponse curves of the mutagenicity of the latter 4 compounds were obtained. On a molar basis, glycidaldehyde was about 20-50 times more potent in producing mutation that were the other 3 epoxides in the dose-response test. In general, the mutagenicity of the epoxides was not enhanced or diminished by the addition of microsomal extract.
Mechanisms of avian egg recognition: Which egg parameters elicit responses by rejecter species?

Some species of North American passerines nearly always reject nonmimetic eggs placed in their nests and have apparently evolved this behavior in response to brood parasitism. Experiments presented here examined the specific egg parameters to which ‘rejecter species’ respond, the relative tolerances rejecters show towards nonmimetic eggs and the degree to which rejection is limited to eggs of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), the only parasitic bird widespread in North America.
Influence of clinical status on the association between plasma total and unbound bilirubin and death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants.

Objectives To assess the influence of clinical status on the association between total plasma bilirubin and unbound bilirubin on death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18–22 months corrected age in extremely low birth weight infants.
Conversion of an immunogenic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope synthetic peptide to a tolerogen in chimpanzees by the fusogenic domain of HIV gp41 envelope protein.

The fusogenic (F) domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp41 envelope (env) protein has sequence similarities to many virus and mediates the fusion of HIV-infected cells. During a survey of the immunogenicity of HIV env peptides in chimpanzees, we have observed that HIV peptide immunogenicity was dramatically altered by the NH2-terminal synthesis of the gp41 F domain to an otherwise immunogenic peptide. We compared two hybrid peptide types comprised of T helper (Th) and B cell epitopes of HIV gp120 env protein for their immunogenicity in chimpanzees. The Th-B epitope hybrid peptides contained the HIV gp120 Th cell determinant, T1 (amino acids \[aa] 428-440)-synthesized NH2 terminal to gp120 V3 loop peptides, which contain B cell epitopes that induce anti-HIV-neutralizing antibodies (SP10IIIB [aa 303-321] and SP10IIIB [A\] \[aa 303-327\]). The F-Th-B peptide contained the HIV gp41 F domain of HIVIIIB gp41 (aa 519-530)-synthesized NH2 terminal to the Th-B peptide. Whereas Th-B peptides were potent immunogens for chimpanzee antibody and T cell-proliferative responses, the F-Th-B peptide induced lower anti-HIV gp120 T and B cell responses. Moreover, immunization of chimpanzees with F-Th-B peptide but not Th-B peptides induced a significant decrease in peripheral blood T lymphocytes (mean decrease during immunization, 52%; p < 0.02). Chimpanzees previously immunized with F-Th-B peptide did not respond well to immunization with Th-B peptide with T or B cell responses to HIV peptides, demonstrating that the F-Th-B peptide induced immune hyporesponsiveness to Th and B HIV gp120 env determinants. These observations raise the hypothesis that the HIV gp41 env F domain may be a biologically active immunoregulatory peptide in vivo, and by an as yet uncharacterized mechanism, promotes primate immune system hyporesponsiveness to otherwise immunogenic peptides.
THE USE OF ELECTRON ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY FOR STUDYING MEMBRANE ARCHITECTURE: A PRELIMINARY REPORT *

Some initial measurements of interest with respect to the use of energy loss spectroscopy (ELS) in the electron microscope are reported. We have obtained energy loss spectra in the region less than 15 eV energy loss for three components of biological components; lecithin, cholesterol and spectrin. Some indications of the effect of electron beam damage on the cholesterol spectrum are shown. In addition, energy loss pictures of erythrocyte membrane fragments are demonstrated for various energy losses less than 40 eV (taken with 0.75 eV width energy window) and it is shown that an individual ferritin molecule can be identified on the basis of its iron M II–III excitation line. From the results of the preliminary data we have discussed the possibilities of ELS for studies of biological membranes.
Planning in information space for a quadrotor helicopter in a GPS-denied environment

This paper describes a motion planning algorithm for a quadrotor helicopter flying autonomously without GPS. Without accurate global positioning, the vehicle's ability to localize itself varies across the environment, since different environmental features provide different degrees of localization. If the vehicle plans a path without regard to how well it can localize itself along that path, it runs the risk of becoming lost. We use the Belief Roadmap (BRM) algorithm [1], an information-space extension of the Probabilistic Roadmap algorithm, to plan vehicle trajectories that incorporate sensing. We show that the original BRM can be extended to use the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), and describe a sampling algorithm that minimizes the number of samples required to find a good path. Finally, we demonstrate the BRM path- planning algorithm on the helicopter, navigating in an indoor environment with a laser range-finder.
An improved simple method of mouse lung intubation

Given the ubiquitous use of mice to study lung disease, it is curious that more investigators do not use repeated intubation to study mechanical and cellular changes in individual mice. One of the reasons for this limited use of intubation is that it is relatively difficult, despite there being several published studies that describe ways to achieve it. In this paper, we describe a complete procedure, including novel approaches that simplify this intubation, so that it can be routinely accomplished with relatively little training. The technique can also be set up with relatively little expense and expertise. This should make it possible for any laboratory to routinely carry out this intubation, thereby allowing longitudinal studies in individual mice and potentially increasing the statistical power by using each mouse as its own control.
Host specialization of the mycoparasite Eudarluca caricis and its evolutionary relationship to Ampelomyces

Eudarluca caricis is assumed to be a nonspecific mycoparasite of rust fungi. The evidence for its mycoparasitism has rested on constant association with uredinia. In this study, stable isotopes provided additional evidence of mycoparasitism, as E. caricis was enriched with 15 N relative to its associated rust fungus, as were parasites and mycoparasites generally with respect to their hosts. Host specificity was directly tested in inoculations in the greenhouse. Isolates of E. caricis from Puccinia on two Eurasian grasses (i.e. Molcus lanatus and Phalaris arundinacaea ) did not infect Melampsora on Populus that, in contrast, was successfully infected by a poplar isolate of E. caricis. An isolate from M. medusae on P. deltoides infected a significantly greater percentage of uredinia of M. medusae on P. deltoides than uredinia of M. occidentalis on P. trichocarpa. The host specificity of the three isolates was reflected in their divergence in a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences. Interestingly, the analysis revealed that mycoparasites of rust and powdery mildew fungi have evolved from a common ancestor.
Imaging of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a chronic, often debilitating disorder with multisystem involvement. Detailed imaging of JRA is needed for initial diagnosis, monitoring of disease activity, and determining extraarticular and other complications [1]. We present a case of a patient with chronic JRA and neck pain in which multiple imaging modalities were employed.
PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood

PAML, currently in version 1.2, is a package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequences using the method of maximum likelihood (ML). The programs can be used for (i) maximum likelihood estimation of evolutionary parameters such as branch lengths in a phylogenetic tree, the transition/transversion rate ratio, the shape parameter of the gamma distribution for variable evolutionary rates at sites, and rate parameters for different genes; (ii) likelihood ratio test of hypotheses concerning sequence evolution, such as rate constancy and independence among sites and rate constancy among lineages (the molecular clock); (iii) calculation of substitution rates at sites and reconstruction of ancestral nucleotide or amino acid sequences; and (iv) phylogenetic tree reconstruction by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The strength of PAML, in comparison with other phylogenetic packages currently available, is its implementation of a variety of evolutionary models. These include several models of variable evolutionary rates among sites, models for combined analyses of multiple gene sequence data and models for amino acid sequences. Multifurcating trees are supported, as well as trees in which some sequences are ancestral to some others. A heuristic tree search algorithm (star decomposition) is used in the package, but tree making is not a strong point of the current version, although work is under way to implement efficient search algorithms. Major programs in the package, as well as the types of analyses they perform, are listed in Table 1. More details are available in the documentation included in the package, written using Microsoft Word. PAML is distributed free of charge for academic use only. The package, including ANSI C source codes, documentation, example data sets, and control files, can be obtained by anonymous ftp at mw511.biol.berkeley.edu/pub, or from the Indiana molecular biology ftp site at ftp.bio.indiana.edu under the directory Incoming or molbio/evolve . MAC and PowerMac executables are also available, although DOS executables are not prepared yet. Further information about the package is available from the World Wide Web at
Analysis of clustered matched-pair data for a non-inferiority study design

Hypothesis testing of matched-pair data has been adapted for equivalence (one- and two-sided) study designs; however, a statistical problem arises when more than one measurement is recorded for each study subject. Ignoring the correlation between the repeated measurements per subject may underestimate the standard error of the parameter estimate. A method of testing for non-inferiority or equivalence of clustered matched-pair data is not yet available. This paper proposes a Wald-type test statistic for a non-inferiority hypothesis and applies it to the comparison of two diagnostic procedures.
Problems of Sincerity

It is undeniable that the assumption of sincerity is important to assertion, and that assertion is central to the transmission of beliefs through human testimony. Discussions of testimony, however, often assume that the epistemic importance of sincerity to testimony is that of a (fallible) guarantee of access to the actual beliefs of the speaker. Other things being equal, we would do as well or better if we had some kind of unmediated access to the beliefs of the other person, without the risks involved in the overt act of speaking, and the assumption of sincerity in speech is the closest we can come to this access. Contrary to this picture, I argue that sincerity has a quite different epistemic role to play in testimony than that of an indicator of the speaker's beliefs. The epistemology of testimony requires reference to the speaker as agent, and not just the speaker's beliefs, as well as a sense of 'expression of belief' that links it to the specifically addressive relation to another person.
Michel de Montaigne on the benefits of illness.

ichel de Montaigne (1533-1592) suffered from kidney tones, or renal colic, and nephrolithiasis. The French statesan and philosopher details his distress and its benefits in 2 ide-ranging essays. The earliest is “Of the resemblance of hildren to fathers” (1579-1580). Here Montaigne writes hat he has had a horror of this disease since childhood, as is father suffered and died from it at age 74. Now in his id-forties, Montaigne, fils, describes his own recent sympoms: “The attacks seize me so often that I hardly feel erfect health any more” (p. 578). He also elaborates on doctors, drugs, and medicine. In his final essay, “Of Experience” (1587-1588), the author, reflecting on similar topics, adds the lesson he has gained from his sickness: “But you do not die of being sick, you die of being alive [so his mind tells him] . . . . Furthermore, there are diseases, as there are wounds, that are medicinal and salutary” (p. 837). Monaigne believes illness can be a good thing, if you follow ature and accept it as part of the human condition. From his father, Montaigne also inherits an aversion to octors and drugs. Although he admits that certain medicaents work: “. . . I know by experience both that horseadish produces wind, and that senna leaves loosen the owels. I know many such empirical facts, as I know that utton nourishes me and wine warms me . . .” (p. 580). Yet he detests being dictated to by anyone, especially doctors. He despises the religion of medicine, the secret nature of doctors’ consultations, their constant disagreements, jeal-
Improved procedure for single DB-XLB column GC-MS-SIM quantitation of PCB congener distributions and characterization of two different preparations sold as Aroclor 1254

Complete PCB congener distributions in a panel of Aroclor mixtures were previously obtained by combining data from several HRGC systems. In that study quantitation of minor components may have been unreliable due to single level calibration against high levels of individual congener standards. Two lots of Aroclor 1254 had markedly different congener distributions. In this study, the design and performance of a congener-specific PCB analysis method employing GC-MS-SIM detection of congeners separated on a DB-XLB capillary column are discussed. Quantitation is carried out against a 6-level inclusive standard curve of a mixture of 144 congeners found in Aroclors. A separate procedure to measure trace levels of PCB 126 in Aroclors using the same system, combined with levels initially acquired for other congeners, facilitates estimation of TEQ values (Toxic Equivalencies of the PCB mixtures to 2,3,7,8-TCDD). PCB congener profiles of 15 Aroclor 1254 mixtures are presented. These profiles show that the less common, high TEQ variety of Aroclor 1254 was manufactured by an atypical, two-stage chlorination process that was apparently used during the final 1% of Aroclor 1254 production (ca. 1974–1976).
Optimal DNA sequence recognition by the Ultrabithorax homeodomain of Drosophila.

Abstract The 61 amino acid homeodomain is conserved among members of a family of eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins that play regulatory roles in transcription and in development. We have refined a rapid method for determining optimal DNA binding sites and have applied it to a 72 amino acid peptide containing the homeodomain of the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) homeotic gene of Drosophila. The site (5'-TTAATGG-3') is tightly bound (KD approximately 7 x 10(-11) M) by the Ubx homeodomain peptide; the four central TAAT bases of this sequence play a primary role in determining the affinity of binding, with significant secondary contributions deriving from the flanking bases. Although previously defined genomic sites contain multiple TAAT sequences with flanking bases distinct from those in the optimal binding site, we have found a new binding site with seven near-perfect repeats of the optimal sequence; this site is located in the promoter region of decapentaplegic, a probable Ubx regulatory target. The presence of a TAAT motif in the binding sites for most other homeodomain proteins suggests the existence of a conserved mechanism for recognition of this core sequence, with further specificity conferred by interactions with bases flanking this core.
Boŋ Feerey: A Teaching and Learning Methodology for Healing the Wounds of Distance, Displacement, and Loss Caused by Hurricane Katrina:

This article examines the project “The Saddest Days: Katrina Experiences Through the Eyes of Children,” developed by the authors. The project uses the Gao School Museum (GSM) approach to develop instructional material that includes student experiences and voices. Specifically, the authors investigated how the “Saddest Days” Project, using the GSM methodology, develops Boŋ Feerey (a concept in the Songhay language that means “the process of opening one’s mind and accepting new ideas and approaches so as to integrate these new perspectives into one’s daily life”), which urges students and teachers to ponder how Katrina’s aftermath continues to affect African American youth. The disaster has affected not only African American youth from New Orleans but also those teachers and students located in the cities in which New Orleanians are hosted.
Standardized and Projective Tests

As each chapter of this book has been designed to provide specific information regarding assessment devices that could or would be used for the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness, this chapter will not address the issue of what standardized tests may be used in the assessment of specific disorders. Rather, this chapter has been designed to present a critical view of the use of standardized tests to diagnose childhood psychopathology and to aid in the evaluation of treatment effectiveness.
Effect of Angiotensin II on the Intact Forearm Veins of Man

Angiotensin II was injected into an isolated venous segment in eighteen human subjects and administered intravenously into a systemic vein in five other subjects. Injections of angiotensin II into an intact isolated venous segment produced no constriction of the segment. Intravenous systemic infusion of angiotensin II produced a slight constriction of the isolated venous segment in three subjects (mean 44 mm H2O) and no constriction of the segment in two subjects. The constriction in the venous segment associated with the systemic intravenous administration of the drug could be interrupted by blocking the nerves supplying the venous segment. Thus, angiotensin II has no direct effect upon the forearm veins of man. The rise in segmental venous pressure following the intravenous infusion of angiotensin II appears to originate from reflexes located outside the venous system which influence tone of the superficial veins of the forearm of man.
Functional brain imaging predicts public health campaign success

Mass media can powerfully affect health decision-making. Pre-testing through focus groups or surveys is a standard, though inconsistent, predictor of effectiveness. Converging evidence demonstrates that activity within brain systems associated with self-related processing can predict individual behavior in response to health messages. Preliminary evidence also suggests that neural activity in small groups can forecast population-level campaign outcomes. Less is known about the psychological processes that link neural activity and population-level outcomes, or how these predictions are affected by message content. We exposed 50 smokers to antismoking messages and used their aggregated neural activity within a 'self-localizer' defined region of medial prefrontal cortex to predict the success of the same campaign messages at the population level (n = 400,000 emails). Results demonstrate that: (i) independently localized neural activity during health message exposure complements existing self-report data in predicting population-level campaign responses (model combined R(2) up to 0.65) and (ii) this relationship depends on message content-self-related neural processing predicts outcomes in response to strong negative arguments against smoking and not in response to compositionally similar neutral images. These data advance understanding of the psychological link between brain and large-scale behavior and may aid the construction of more effective media health campaigns.
Burning Fat by Bugging the System.

A recent study of mouse models links cold exposure, the microbiome, and remodeling of the intestine to the browning of fat.
Characterization of a Lignite Ash from the Metc Gasifier I. Mineralogy

Utilization or disposal of gasification ash requires detailed characterization of its chemistry and phase formation (mineralogy). A North Dakota lignite ash produced in the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) gasifier has been studied in detail by x-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. The ash was coarse (84% of grains larger than 1.0 mm) but a typical grain was composed of a dozen or more crystalline phases with dimensions on the micrometer scale as well as less abundant glass phases. Hard centimeter-size clinkers suggested partial melting followed by crystallization. Silicates (dicalcium silicates (C2S), merwinite, Ca-Na-silicate (CNS), quartz), aluminosilicates (melilite, nepheline, carnegieite), oxides (ferrite spinels, periclase, hematite), calcite and minor zeolites comprised the dominant mineralogy. Microprobe analyses were obtained for large numbers of grains of the C2S phases, CNS, merwinite, melilite, ferrite spinels and calcite. The remaining phases had crystal sizes too small for analysis. A model is proposed for the genesis of this ash based on the inorganic constituents of lignite and the gasifier operating conditions.
Two New Species of Orthoptera from Texas

Among the Orthoptera which I collected during a short stay at San Antonio in the summer of 1940 are thirty-two specimens of a Melanoplus which I have been unable to place in any described species. In size, color and genital characters it is nearest M. flabellatus (Scudder).
Nepotism in a solitary wasp as revealed by DNA fingerprinting

Nepotism, the preferential dispensing of benefits to relatives, is common among females of the same generation in the social Hymenoptera (Gamboa et al., 1986; Breed and Bennett, 1987). Although many have speculated that such behavior may have promoted the initial spread of the altruism characteristic of many social insect colonies (Hamilton, 1964; Wilson, 1971; WestEberhard, 1978; Brockmann, 1984), it is not known whether preferential treatment of relatives other than offspring evolved before or after the origin of sociality (Brockmann, 1984; Matthews, 1991). One way to begin to address this issue is to look for such nepotism in a solitary species whose life history and ecology resemble those of the probable precursors of modem eusocial forms. Finding nepotism in such a species would suggest that nepotism possibly preceded, and even promoted, the origin of cooperative insect societies. We investigated the possibility that nepotism toward non-descendant kin occurs in a solitary hymenopteran, the cicada killer wasp (Sphecius speciosus). Sphecius females provision underground nests with paralyzed cicadas upon which they lay their eggs (Dow, 1942; Dambach and Good, 1943; Evans, 1966; Pfennig and Reeve, 1989). We selected this species because, like the probable ancestors of modem eusocial forms (Evans, 1958; West-Eberhard, 1978; Carpenter, 1982; Brockmann, 1984), Sphecius females nest near others and sometimes share the same burrow. When a female enters another's nest, the nest owner exhibits variable tolerance toward the intruder (Dambach and Good, 1943; Pfennig and Reeve, 1989). Field observations and blind experiments have revealed that females nesting 1 m apart [non-neighbors (Pfennig and Reeve 1989)]. In particular, burrow owners were significantly less likely to bite and sting neighbors than non-neighbors when intruders were encountered in the burrow (Pfennig and Reeve, 1989). In addition, females were significantly less likely to seize a neighbor's burrow (Pfennig and Reeve, 1989). Finding evidence of nepotism does not necessarily
Response of Five Species of Insects to Water Extracts of Their Host Plants

To obtain more information on arrestants and feeding stimulants for insects in general, and the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in particular, tests with water extracts obtained from several plants were conducted at the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory during the summer of 1963. Four species of insects in addition to the boll weevil became numerous enough in the vicinity of the laboratory for such studies. The insects and plants used in the studies were: Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (L.), on milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) ; elm leaf beetle, Galerucella xanthomelaena (Schiffermuller), on American elm (Ulmus americanam . L) ; a species of Gastrophysa on dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) ; the squash bug Anasa tristis (De Geer), on pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.); and the boll weevil, on cotton squares (Gossypiuin hirsutum L.).
New Players in the Field of T1D: Anti-Peripherin B Lymphocytes.

B lymphocytes (B cells) play a key role in type 1A diabetes (T1D) via antigen presentation to T cells, but our understanding of their mechanism of action is still evolving (1–6). Pathogenic B cells recognize autoantigens, indicated by T1D-predictive autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65, transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) (7). These autoantibodies are not thought to cause T1D but, rather, provide evidence of autoreactive T cell–B cell interactions. Each B cell recognizes a single antigenic site, or epitope, on folded proteins via the antibody variable (V) region of its B-cell receptors (BCRs), internalizes the protein, and processes it into peptides for presentation on MHC class II (MHCII) to T cells (Fig. 1). Thus, autoreactive B cells are uniquely suited to activate autoreactive T cells. Likewise, T cells provide help to B cells, driving antigen-specific germinal center (GC) formation and differentiation into plasma cells that secrete autoantibodies identical to the BCR. Transgenic models provide evidence that B cells must be autoantigen specific to support T1D: anti-insulin B cells present antigen, activate T cells, and promote T1D in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice (5,6,8). Conversely, NOD mice with transgenic B cells that do not recognize an autoantigen fail to develop diabetes (5,9). While there are multiple T1D-related autoantibodies in humans, to date, insulin has been the only reliable B cell–related autoantigen in NOD mice. In this issue of Diabetes , Leeth et al. (10) report on a new transgenic model in which B cells recognize peripherin, a neuronal antigen, and are able to …
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as an in vivo tool for characterizing changes in tissue organization during neoplastic development

Diffuse reflectance spectra are analyzed using a light-diffusion-theory-based model, which assumes that tissue scattering can be simulated by Mie scattering with an inverse power-law particle size distribution. Diagnostic information related to tissue organization is extracted.
Using Serological Proteome Analysis to Identify Serum Anti-Nucleophosmin 1 Autoantibody as a Potential Biomarker in European-American and African-American Patients With Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has been widely implemented for the early detection and management of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the lack of specificity has led to overdiagnosis, resulting in many possibly unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Therefore, novel serological biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are of vital importance needed to complement PSA testing in the early diagnosis and effective management of PCa. This is particularly critical in the context of PCa health disparities, where early detection and management could help reduce the disproportionately high PCa mortality observed in African-American men. Previous studies have demonstrated that sera from patients with PCa contain autoantibodies that react with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). METHODS The serological proteome analysis (SERPA) approach was used to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) of PCa. In evaluation study, the level of anti-NPM1 antibody was examined in sera from test cohort, validation cohort, as well as European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) men with PCa by using immunoassay. RESULTS Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) as a 33 kDa TAA in PCa was identified and characterized by SERPA approach. Anti-NPM1 antibody level in PCa was higher than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and healthy individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed similar high diagnostic value for PCa in the test cohort (area under the curve (AUC):0.860) and validation cohort (AUC: 0.822) to differentiate from normal individuals and BPH. Interestingly, AUC values were significantly higher for AA PCa patients. When considering concurrent serum measurements of anti-NPM1 antibody and PSA, 97.1% PCa patients at early stage were identified correctly, while 69.2% BPH patients who had elevated PSA levels were found to be anti-NPM1 negative. Additionally, anti-NPM1 antibody levels in PCa patients at early stage significantly increased after surgery treatment. CONCLUSION This intriguing data suggested that NPM1 can elicit autoantibody response in PCa and might be a potential biomarker for the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of PCa, and for supplementing PSA testing in distinguishing PCa from BPH. Prostate 76:1375–1386, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards Application-centric Fairness in Multi-tenant Clouds with Adaptive CPU Sharing Model

The performance of cloud application is often quite disappointing due to unmanaged consolidation. Therefore, efforts are required to reduce co-tenants interference and provide predictable application performance in multi-tenant cloud environments. In this paper, we examined the complex interplay among cloud tenants as they compete for CPU time, and shared hardware resources. We propose Adaptive CPU Sharing (ACS) approach that reduces co-tenants interference and provides predictable application performance. Our approach is to monitor the progress of submitted applications at runtime, tracks the slowdown of individual application and applies adjustment until convergence. Thus, when an application suffered more slowdown, we allocate more CPU to reduce unfairness. In establishing system support for fine-grained profiling, we report system level activities at sub-second granularity. We predicted application performance degradation by creating a mathematical relationship between high-level application performance and low-level machine events (i.e., CPU steal time and L2 caches miss rate). We validate the added value of our approach by comparing application performance slowdowns (average) with various datasets. Based on our experimental results, our approach helps mitigate co-tenant interference and reduces unfairness by minimizing the overall application slowdowns.
Functional Outcomes After Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Nursing Home Residents

Objectives To understand outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or transurethral laser incision of the prostate (TULIP) for the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction in men with high levels of functional dependence, which are poorly understood. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting U.S. nursing homes (NHs). Participants Male NH residents aged 65 and older who underwent TURP or TULIP in the United States between 2005 and 2008 (N = 2,869). Measurements Changes in activities of daily living (ADLs), Foley catheter status, and survival up to 12 months after surgery were examined. Multivariate regression was used to determine risk of having a Foley catheter 1 year after surgery. Results Sixty-one percent of the cohort had a Foley catheter before the procedure. Of men with a Foley catheter at baseline, 64% had a Foley catheter, 4% had no Foley catheter, and 32% had died by 1-year after the procedure. Having a Foley catheter at baseline (risk ratio (RR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29–1.50) and poor baseline functional status (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18–1.52 for individuals in the worst quartile of function) were associated with greater risk of having a Foley catheter at 1-year. Conclusion Poor baseline functional status and having a Foley catheter preoperatively were associated with greater risk of TURP or TULIP failure, as measured by the presence of a Foley catheter at 1 year. Preoperative measurement of ADLs may aid in surgical decision-making in this population.
Investment Firm Culture: A New Take on Manager Selection and Social Responsibility

For investors, one question stands above all others: “How do we identify outperforming managers?” Every year, institutional investors issue hundreds of RFPs seeking managers to replace those who have underperformed. In aggregate, asset owners and investment consultants spend vast amounts of money and countless hours researching managers and their strategies. This massive spend is how the industry has responded to academics’ indictment of active portfolio management. Investors and consultants have long been able to shrug off research demonstrating that the average active manager underperforms net of fees. “After all,” they say, “we do not hire the average investment manager; we choose the best of breed.”
The Proliferation of the Legal Solution in HR Administration: The Scorecards

The proliferation of the legal solution in the practices of human resources (HR) administration is the main focus of the presentation and discussion in this chapter. It is argued in this chapter that the human desire and willingness to establish HR administrative practices and policies as a result of the scientific management concepts and knowledge gleaned from the works of the various pioneering scholars and their offspring, the scientific management, human relations, and the behavioral movements, opened the doors to the flourishing of the legal solution to the perennial problems evident at the various marketplaces of the modern era. As a result, most scholars interested in this field were presented with excellent opportunities through which they appreciated, accepted, and relentlessly concentrated their own effort and energy on scholarly activities that focused primarily on institution building. These efforts tremendously contributed to the development, implementation, enforcement, and the channeling of more resources into efforts of the key scholars of this effort. The most primary efforts were aimed at practices that promoted, defended, and sustained the legal aspects of the HR management administration and practices. It is argued that the indiscriminate pursuits of the Weberian view regarding the primacy of the Legal Authority led to the limitless proliferation of the legal solution in the domain of HR administration. The scorecards of this practice are presented, evaluated, and suggestions made for better improvements.
Microstructure and fracture toughness of electrodeposited Ni-21 at.% W alloy thick films

Abstract Nanocrystalline Ni-W has been shown to exhibit properties superior to nanocrystalline Ni and coarse-grained materials, but studies regarding its fracture behavior are limited. This study investigates the fracture behavior of Ni-W, establishes structure-property relationships via correlation to the microstructure, and assesses the suitability of the micro-mechanical testing approach. As-deposited and various heat-treated Ni-21 at.% W films, processed by electrodeposition in a sulfate-citrate bath, were evaluated by in-situ microcantilever bend testing. Due to non-negligible plastic yielding, conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics was insufficient, and novel elastic-plastic fracture mechanics was necessary. Periodic partial unloading was implemented along with J-integral interpretation to monitor crack growth and quantify the fracture toughness. Each alloy was also examined with aberration-corrected electron microscopy to develop a complete understanding of the various microstructures and facilitate their correlation to the fracture behavior. Overall, fracture toughness measurements varied between 5.1 and 8.9 MPa√m depending on the heat treatment. Annealing significantly increased the microhardness but decreased the fracture toughness, thus implying a trade-off between the two.
Spirituality in the Workplace: Practices, Challenges, and Recommendations

Spirituality in the workplace has become an organizational behaviour issue in Canada. As 75% of Canadians indicate a religious affiliation, and as immigration and foreign worker programs lend thems...