cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Aquaculture Production Methods for Optimizing Production of Fingerling Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

Yellow Perch aquaculture has increased since the 1980s to reverse declines in wild populations and meet increased demands by anglers. Over the past 41 years, staff at the St. Marys State Fish Hatchery (SFH) in western Ohio used different methods to obtain Yellow Perch eggs, support embryonic development and hatch eggs, and rear the fry in ponds to the fingerling stage for stocking. We used hatchery records from 1977 through 2017 to statistically compare production outcomes among various rearing methods including (1) natural vs manual spawning, (2) embryo hatching methods, (3) organic vs inorganic pond fertilization, and (4) fry residence time in ponds before harvest. We found that the most reliable production of Yellow Perch fingerlings consisted of placing hormone-induced females in tanks with males, hatching embryos in Heath trays, and stocking fry in ponds fertilized using liquid inorganic fertilizers. While our study is retrospective, and thus precludes assigning causality to any observed improvements in yield with method changes, adopting these methods at St. Marys SFH has increased harvest density of fingerlings produced from 13 ± 4 to 53 ± 6 fish m−2 (mean ± SE).
Operations Concepts for Deep-Space Missions: Challenges and Opportunities

Historically, manned spacecraft missions have relied heavily on real-time communication links between crewmembers and ground control for generating crew activity schedules and working time-critical off-nominal situations. On crewed missions beyond the Earth-Moon system, speed-of-light limitations will render this ground-centered concept of operations obsolete. A new, more distributed concept of operations will have to be developed in which the crew takes on more responsibility for real-time anomaly diagnosis and resolution, activity planning and replanning, and flight operations. I will discuss the innovative information technologies, human-machine interfaces, and simulation capabilities that must be developed in order to develop, test, and validate deep-space mission operations
Mild Zinc Deficiency Augments Increased TNF-α Expression But Not Decreased Muscle Protein Synthesis after Acute Sepsis

Moderate Zinc (Zn) imbalances are common among the elderly and individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions such as obesity, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Here we developed a mouse model t...
Modification of glycoproteins by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V is greatly influenced by accessibility of the enzyme to oligosaccharide acceptors.

The formation of tri- and tetraantennary complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in animal glycoproteins is partly regulated by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:beta-6-D-mannoside beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.155) (GlcNAc-T V), which generates 2,6-branched mannose. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells we found that 2,6-branched mannosyl structures are preferentially contained on lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) and are generally low or absent in other cellular glycoproteins (Do, K.-Y. and Cummings, R.D. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22028-22035). To determine the mechanism by which GlcNAc-T V appears to preferentially recognize glycoproteins, we examined the activity of purified GlcNAc-T V toward a variety of glycoprotein acceptors. Because GlcNAc-T V requires as acceptors oligosaccharides lacking outer galactosyl and sialyl residues, we utilized two classes of acceptor preparations. The first class of acceptor was enzymatically desialylated (DS) and degalactosylated (DG) preparations of bovine fetuin, human transferrin, and human fibrinogen. The second class was glycoproteins in extracts of the mutant CHO cell line, Lec8 CHO, which cannot add galactose or sialic acid to N-linked oligosaccharides. GlcNAc-T V was highly active toward DSDG-fetuin, -transferrin, and -fibrinogen (Km values ranged between 30 and 74 microM), and the catalytic efficiencies (Vmax/Km) of the enzyme toward different acceptors were comparable. In the case of fetuin, each of its three sites for attachment of N-linked oligosaccharides were shown to be utilized equally well by GlcNAc-T V. Notably, the enzyme exhibited a 2-3-fold higher rate of transfer toward DSDG-transferrin when it was further denatured by reduction and S-carboxymethylation. When extracts of Lec8 CHO cells were used as acceptors, GlcNAc-T V preferentially transferred to LAMPs, and only low level transfer was observed to other cell-derived glycoproteins, thus demonstrating specificity of GlcNAc-T V toward native glycoprotein acceptors. When the cell-derived glycoproteins were denatured by reduction and S-carboxymethylation prior to use as acceptors for Glc-NAc-T V, significant transfer occurred to other glycoproteins. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of glycoprotein-specific branching by GlcNAc-T V is determined primarily by its accessibility to available bi/triantennary oligosaccharides on glycoproteins and not by its recognition of peptide determinants or conformation-specific determinants.
Origins and Evolution of Comparative Literature and Its Interdisciplinary Studies

The paper presents theses for discussion locating some common cultural denominators in view of the interest of the general practitioner of the discipline. Today, American scholars carve out from texts special angles pointing not inwards but outwards, toward other, prevalently non-aesthetic disciplines (political, ethnic, racial, gender-and-sex related, etc.) to illustrate their broadly 'cultural' commitments. Comparing integral literary works from different cultures, the crux of comparative literature, has become a rarity. Context is not brought in to elucidate the total import of the text, but, inversely, text is used to elucidate context, confirm theory, deductive rather than inductive. There has been a major shift from the vertical literary-cultural to the horizontal literary-non literary. In the United States the literary core of comparative literature has become secondary if not dropped altogether. On the pro side, truly interdisciplinary studies, especially in historiography, philosophy, anthropology, the hard sciences and technology, along with the consanguine inter-arts constellation, have enriched comparative literature scholarship. On the con side, the inter-disciplinary drive, with its pitfalls of amateurism, has pushed back the inter-national/inter-linguistic core of comparative literature which demands a slow-to-acquire, reasonably comprehensive knowledge of language, literature, and history of at least one non-English culture. Most interdisciplinary studies currently carried on in the United States are distressingly monolingual and monocultural. Of the two principal aims of interdisciplinary scholarship envisaged 40–50 years ago, the affinity-and-interaction-oriented goal of interdisciplinary studies in comparative literature has proved, if anything, too successful, but the co-equal goal of refining and redefining distinctions has been submerged in the tide of culture theory and criticism.
Evaluation of nonlinear structural dynamic responses using a fast-running spring-mass formulation

It has been a fond desire of structural analysts to be able to calculate the dynamic responses of very large, highly nonlinear systems without expending a year’s allocation of computer funds with every run. In today’s world, accurate finite-element simulations of large nonlinear systems may require meshes composed of hundreds of thousands of degrees of freedom. Even with today’s fast computers and the promise of ever-faster ones in the future, central processing unit (CPU) expenditures for such problems could be measured in days. Many contemporary engineering problems, such as those found in risk assessment, probabilistic structural analysis, and structural design optimization, cannot tolerate the cost or turnaround time for such CPU-intensive analyses, because these applications require a large number of cases to be run with different inputs. For many risk assessment applications, analysts would prefer running times to be measurable in minutes. There is therefore a need for approximation methods which can solve such problems far more efficiently than the very detailed methods and yet maintain an acceptable degree of accuracy. For this purpose, we have been working on two methods of approximation: neural networks and spring-mass models.
An overview of power quality problems in transportation and isolated power systems

Power quality issues associated with isolated, transportation, stand alone, or decentralized power systems are becoming more complex and requiring additional consideration as more advanced generation and load-controlled techniques are utilized. Due to the typically low inertia and short-circuit levels, frequency/voltage variations, unbalances and harmonics tend to be amplified. These systems also provide an ideal environment for the investigation of both the nature of the generation and impact of power quality deviations. This paper presents a brief overall description of the issues associated with the subject.
Longitudinal Associations Between Neighborhood Physical and Social Environments and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Importance Neighborhood environments may influence the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but, to our knowledge, no longitudinal study has evaluated specific neighborhood exposures. Objective To determine whether long-term exposures to neighborhood physical and social environments, including the availability of healthy food and physical activity resources and levels of social cohesion and safety, are associated with incident T2DM during a 10-year period. Design, Setting, and Participants We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a population-based cohort study of adults aged 45 to 84 years at baseline (July 17, 2000, through August 29, 2002). A total of 5124 participants free of T2DM at baseline underwent 5 clinical follow-up examinations from July 17, 2000, through February 4, 2012. Time-varying measurements of neighborhood healthy food and physical activity resources and social environments were linked to individual participant addresses. Neighborhood environments were measured using geographic information system (GIS)– and survey-based methods and combined into a summary score. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of incident T2DM associated with cumulative exposure to neighborhood resources using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, sex, income, educational level, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking. Data were analyzed from December 15, 2013, through September 22, 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident T2DM defined as a fasting glucose level of at least 126 mg/dL or use of insulin or oral antihyperglycemics. Results During a median follow-up of 8.9 years (37 394 person-years), 616 of 5124 participants (12.0%) developed T2DM (crude incidence rate, 16.47 [95% CI, 15.22-17.83] per 1000 person-years). In adjusted models, a lower risk for developing T2DM was associated with greater cumulative exposure to indicators of neighborhood healthy food (12%; HR per interquartile range [IQR] increase in summary score, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79-0.98]) and physical activity resources (21%; HR per IQR increase in summary score, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]), with associations driven primarily by the survey exposure measures. Neighborhood social environment was not associated with incident T2DM (HR per IQR increase in summary score, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.88-1.07]). Conclusions and Relevance Long-term exposure to residential environments with greater resources to support physical activity and, to a lesser extent, healthy diets was associated with a lower incidence of T2DM, although results varied by measurement method. Modifying neighborhood environments may represent a complementary, population-based approach to prevention of T2DM, although further intervention studies are needed.
The Worldwide Economic Impact of Neurogenic Bladder

Costs of neurogenic bladder vary widely and depend on a number of factors including severity of disease, symptomatology, patient insurance, and devices required. Recognition of how each treatment strategy will impact the patient financially could help guide selection of treatment as well as improve compliance with the chosen regimen. We have attempted to provide an overview of long-term cost considerations for the neurogenic bladder patient. Armed with this information, the practitioner can better help the patient select a bladder care regimen that balances the desire to both minimize symptoms now and preserve urinary tract integrity for the future, yet still remain cost-effective.
Oral methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol for early abortion

Abstract Intramuscular methotrexate followed by vaginal misoprostol has been shown to be effective for abortion at ≤49 days gestation. Oral dosing of the methotrexate may offer advantages over parenteral dosing. This pilot study was performed to evaluate if oral methotrexate would be effective when combined with vaginal misoprostol to effect abortion at ≤49 days gestation. Twenty pregnant women were randomized to receive methotrexate 25 mg or 50 mg followed 7 days later by misoprostol 800 μg vaginally. The misoprostol dose was repeated the next day if the abortion did not occur. Complete abortion occurred in all subjects in both groups within 20 days after the methotrexate. However, women in the 50 mg group passed the pregnancy within 24 hours of the first or second dose of methotrexate more often than women in the 25 mg group (80% vs. 50%, p = 0.35). Vaginal bleeding lasted 12.1 ± 3.1 days and 9.4 ± 4.5 days in immediate success and delayed success patients, respectively. Oral methotrexate may be an effective alternative to intramuscular methotrexate in treatment regimens for non-surgical abortion.
Reduced Rack Exhaust Temperature Gradient via Variable Chassis Flow Rate

An effective method of reducing the temperature gradient in data centers (or “hot” and “cold” spots) is to minimize the maximum temperature at the rack exit plane. For a given rack’s heat load, one way to achieve this is to vary the chassis flow rate in such a way that the rack exit temperature gradient is small. In this paper, a simple algorithm based on the energy equation is developed to set the chassis flow rate such that the exit rack temperature is uniform. When compared to a constant chassis flow rate algorithm, the proposed method is demonstrated through CFD simulations to achieve significant reduction in maximum chassis inlet temperature for the same CRAH flow rate.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Statistical indentation techniques for hydrated nanocomposites: concrete, bone, and shale

Concrete, bone and shale have one thing in common: their load-bearing mineral phase is a hydrated nanocomposite. Yet the link between material genesis, microstructure, and mechanical performance for these materials is still an enigma that has deceived many decoding attempts. In this article, we advance statistical indentation analysis techniques that make it possible to assess, in situ, the nanomechanical properties, packing density distributions, and morphology of hydrated nanocomposites. These techniques are applied to identify intrinsic and structural sources of anisotropy of hydrated nanoparticles: calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H), apatite, and clay. It is shown that C–S–H and apatite, the binding phase in, respectively, cement-based materials and bone, are intrinsically isotropic; this is most probably due to a random precipitation and growth process of particles in calcium oversaturated pore solutions, which can also explain the nonnegligible internanoparticle friction. In contrast, the load-bearing clay phase in shale, the sealing formation of most hydrocarbon reservoirs, is found to be intrinsically anisotropic and frictionless. This is indicative of a ‘smooth’ deposition and compaction history, which, in contrast to mineral growth in confined spaces, minimizes nanoparticle interlocking. In all cases, the nanomechanical behavior is governed by packing density distributions of elementary particles delimitating macroscopic diversity.
Determination of elastase in mammalian plasmaand serum

Summary o 1. When electrophoretic fractions of human plasma were tested for elastase,using an elastin Congo-Red substrate, “activity” was almost exclusively confined to the albumin fraction; boiling of the latter fraction increased the activity. 2. When increasing amounts of HSA or plasma were incubated with an increasing excess of ECR or elastin-orcein a linear relationship was observed. 3. When porcine elastase was added to human plasma with subsequent electrophoresis,its mobility (as γ-globulin) was unaltered and its activity fully recovered; boiling of the electrophoretic fractions destroyed the activity present in γ-globulin and again increased that of the albumin. 4. Elastin Congo-Red and Elastin-orcein substrates were found to be unsuitable for assaying elastase activity in plasma or serum because of the strong affinity of serum albumin for acidic azo-dyes and phenolic dyes.
A restriction on lobbyist donations

Abstract This paper studies the consequences of a fine for violating a ceiling on permissible donations in a competition for a political prize. Increasing the fine can increase or decrease the amount of expected donations in equilibrium.
Dichotomy In Response To Indomethacin In Uv-C And Uv-B Induced Ultraviolet Light Inflammation

In subjects irradiated with both UV-C and UV-B ultraviolet light (UVL), 10 μg of intradermal indomethacin decreased the redness in all 13 of the UV-B irradiated areas but in only 2 of 13 of the UV-C irradiated areas. Higher doses of intradermal indomethacin (50 μg and 100 μg) decreased the redness produced by UV-C irradiation in 6 subjects. It is suggested that the failure of 10 μg of indomethacin to decrease the redness of the UV-C induced inflammation, while decreasing the redness in the UV-R induced inflammation, is consistent with the possibility that prostaglandins participate in UV-R but not UV-C induced inflammation.
Measurement of low energy secondary electron distributions using a double-pass cylindrical mirror analyzer

A commercial double-pass cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) and standard Auger electron spectroscopy electronics have been adapted to measure the low energy portion (< 100 eV) of the secondary electron distribution. Under normal operating conditions for the CMA, the presence of stray electric and magnetic fields within the CMA plus the poor electron multiplier response at low energy prevent measurements in the region where the secondary electron distribution reaches its maximum (< 5 eV). To circumvent this problem, we apply an accelerating potential (70 V) to the “retarding” grid at the entrance of the CMA. The accelerating potential translates the secondary electron distribution to high enough energies that the theoretical response of the CMA (E·N (E)) is valid, but low enough to give reasonable resolution. Moreover, we are able to separate the small tertiary electron peak due to the outer (grounded) grid by applying a small accelerating potential to the sample. This use of the CMA for measuring secondary electron distributions allows the surface to be characterized by AES before and after measurement. We present results for clean copper and silver. In the log N(E) versus log E format, we observe the linearized cascade with Auger peaks clearly visible.
Repeat Victimization in a High-Risk Neighborhood Sample of Adolescents

Repeat victimization may involve multiple incidents of victimization in a single year, multiple years of victimization, or both. This study examines both types of repeat victimization as well as the concentration of victimization among a relatively few highfrequency victims and the intermittency of victimization in a sample of adolescents in high-risk neighborhoods. During a 5-year period, the results indicate that chronic, multiple, intermittent victimization is the usual pattern among respondents in the sample.
Acute chemical pancreatitis associated with carbamazepine intoxication

A 5-year-old mentally retarded child developed laboratory evidence of pancreatitis during accidental acute carbamazepine (CBZ) intoxication. He had been seizure-free with CBZ for 4 years for a seizure disorder with no obvious toxicity. CBZ had been discontinued 5 months before he was admitted to the hospital. After he accidentally ingested a CBZ overdose, he was found vomiting and lethargic. Serum amylase and lipase levels were increased for several days. With supportive treatment and no CBZ, he recovered and serum amylase and lipase levels returned to normal. No other causes of pancreatitis were identified. Therefore, most likely the chemical pancreatitis was associated with the acute CBZ intoxication.
Ion Channel Activity of Amyloid-beta Peptides in Artificial Bilayer Membranes: a Comparison of Different Preparation Techniques

Alzheimer's disease (AD), an ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the presence of plaques containing fibrillar aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. These peptides, with 39-43 amino acids, especially Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42), are the major components of plaques formed in the brain of patients with AD. Both peptides aggregate rapidly in aqueous solution to form Aβ oligomers as well as Aβ fibrils. An increasing number of evidence suggests that Aβ especially in non fibrillar forms interacts to cell membrane by forming an ion channel or pores through the membrane. One approach to study the mechanism of Aβ is to examine the ion channel activity of Aβ on lipid membrane. A challenge of studying ion channel of Aβ is the difficulty in obtaining the ion channel activity consistently. This study summarizes the 4 different methods of preparation of Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) which can form ion channel activity on the artificial membrane. We also provide the information on characterization of structural properties, size and kinetics of aggregation of Aβ corresponding to each method of preparation. Our studies may be useful for those who are interested in ion channel approach of Aβ as well as other peptides which share common characteristics in forming ion channel and involve with other amyloid diseases.
Does extended proactive telephone support increase smoking cessation among low-income women using nicotine patches?

Abstract Background . It is unclear whether proactive telephone support enhances smoking cessation beyond the provision of nicotine replacement therapy alone. Methods . We randomly assigned 330 low-income women smokers to receive either free nicotine patches (control condition) or free nicotine patches with up to 16 weeks of proactive telephone support (experimental condition). All participants were assessed by telephone at baseline and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-baseline to determine smoking status. Results . Results revealed a significant effect for the telephone support at 3 months, with 43% of experimental versus 26% of control condition women reporting 30-day point prevalent abstinence ( P = 0.002). The difference was no longer significant at 6 months. A metaanalysis conducted with five randomized studies revealed a slight but non-significant long-term benefit of proactive telephone support when added to the provision of free nicotine patches for smoking cessation. Conclusions . This is the second study to demonstrate a short-term effect for proactive telephone support added to free nicotine replacement therapy; however, neither the current study, nor the metaanalysis including the four other published trials, confirmed a longer-term benefit.
Numerical computation of helically symmetric equilibria

Abstract The three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy principle is expanded to leading order in N-1, where N ⪢ 1 is the number of toroidal field periods. By transforming to a rotating coordinate system, a set of helically symmetric force balance equations is obtained which describes equilibria with a finite transform, i N , and a finite pitch, h= N R 0 , per field period. These equilibrium equations are solved numerically using an inverse coordinate spectral method. Applications to a heliac configuration are presented.
An algorithm for real-time computer control of a tracking system with a nonlinearity

A tracking antenna control system with a nonlinearity is considered. The system is uniformly sampled and the control signal is computed at each sampling interval to achieve optimal position alignment with minimum energy expenditure. A direct minimization method permitting efficient real-time implementation is adopted.
A formulation for near-wall RANS/LES coupling

A near-wall eddy-viscosity formulation for LES is presented. A RANS-like eddy-viscosity corrected with the resolved turbulent stress is imposed in the near-wall region. The RANS eddy-viscosity is obtained from a resolved LES of channel flow at Res = 395 and stored in a look-up table. When used with a wall stress model, this technique enables LES to be performed on coarse grids. Results are presented for channel flow at several Reynolds numbers up to Res = 10,000. Various issues concerning the numerical behavior of the method are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of Erlotinib for the Treatment of High‐Grade Glioma in a Pediatric Patient with Cystic Fibrosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 12-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis was diagnosed with a high-grade glioma after radiographic and biopsy results confirmed the primary intracranial lesion. She was treated with single-agent erlotinib during and after daily localized radiation therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to assess the effect of pancreatic enzyme deficiency and intestinal malabsorption secondary to cystic fibrosis on the bioavailability of orally administered erlotinib, a lipophilic drug. Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma samples from days 1 and 8 demonstrated that absorption of oral erlotinib was not affected by the patient's cystic fibrosis when the drug was given concomitantly with pancreatic enzyme replacement. When pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis are receiving erlotinib or other lipophilic oral drugs, continued supplementation of pancreatic enzymes is recommended, with therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma drug concentrations when feasible, and close observation for therapeutic responses and adverse effects.
Perinatal Depression: A Review of US Legislation and Law

Accumulating research documenting the prevalence and negative effects of perinatal depression, together with highly publicized tragic critical incidents of suicide and filicide by mothers with postpartum psychosis, have fueled a continuum of legislation. Specialists in perinatal mental health should recognize how their work influences legislative initiatives and penal codes, and take this into consideration when developing perinatal services and research. Yet, without legal expertise, the status of legislative initiatives can be confusing. To address this shortfall, we assembled an interdisciplinary team of academics specializing in law, as well as perinatal mental health, to summarize these issues. This review presents the relevant federal and state legislation and summarizes the criminal codes that governed the court decisions on cases in which a mother committed filicide because of postpartum psychosis. Moreover, the review aims to help researchers and providers who specialize in perinatal depression understand their role in this legal landscape
Abstract LB-101: Quantitative imaging of protein expression using multiplex quantum dot immunohistochemistry

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Introduction: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important tool for studying protein expression in the tumor microenvironment. Advances in imaging hardware now permit an entire slide to be digitized at high magnification so that software can analyze protein expression within individual cells across the entire tissue section. The chromaphores and organic fluorescent probes used in traditional IHC limit the utility of quantitative IHC, since only relatively few proteins can be measured simultaneously. A new class of fluorescent labels made of semiconductor nanocrystals, known as quantum dots (QD) has unique optical properties that have the potential to overcome limitations of traditional IHC techniques and expand the usefulness of quantitative image analysis approaches. The narrowband emission spectra of these novel probes enable them to be highly multiplexed without significant spectral overlap, providing independent measurements of protein expression with minimal crosstalk. Methods: We have developed a collection of software algorithms around the QD-IHC protocol to analyze protein expression, co-expression, and subcellular localization in whole-slide QD-IHC images. This system segments the digitized tissue into individual cells, their subcellular compartments and multicellular structures to generate comprehensive digital descriptions. Features are calculated for each cell to represent the morphology, protein expression, co-expression, and subcellular localization. Each cell is mapped to their closest multicellular structure, enabling protein expression features to be analyzed as a function of distance to vessels, necrosis, etc. We evaluated the use of QD-IHC for analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded glioblastoma tissues against known pathways using streptavidin-biotin detection and applied our software system to analyze expression and co-expression patterns. Features of protein expression were calculated for individual cells along with distance-to-vessel measurements. Results: A five-plex staining was achieved and sections were stained and digitized on a whole-slide scanner (Pannoramic from 3D Histech). The digitized tissues were analyzed using our software system to generate measurements of protein expression in millions of cells. These measurements were used to generate visualizations, including analyses of the variations of expression with respect to distance-to-nearest-vessel. We are continuing to enhance our software capabilities to include statistical tests and updated imaging and analysis capabilities will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-101. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-101
ROBUST CONTROL OF STATE DELAYED CONTINUOUS UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS

In this paper, we propose the main result (Theorem 1) obtained by a direct application of two existing results to construct the robust control and to determine the allowed perturbation bound of the continuous uncertainty systems with state delay. The uncertain stabilizable bound is shown less conservative than that of other reported. An example given illustrates the availability of the proposed design method.
Measuring the impact of a targeted law enforcement initiative on drug sales

Abstract Law enforcement focused on drug sales with special intensity in particular during the 1980s and 1990s because of their impact on community decline and violence. This study considered the impact and implications of one particular law enforcement intervention, the establishment of “drug free zones” in Portland, Oregon. The analysis of possible effects of the drug free zone strategy employed multiple methods including mapping and multilevel analytic techniques. Together, these methods were employed to identify hypothesized impacts of the drug free zone intervention, in the context of the effects of temporal shifts and community characteristics, on drug sales arrests. Findings from the research suggested that future consideration be given to the development of meaningful measures of the relationship between drug free zone status and law enforcement practices. Findings also shed light upon the relative importance of ecological predictors of crime at the block group level.
Effect of penetration resistance and timing of rain on grain yield of narrow-row corn in a coastal plain loamy sand

Abstract In many soils of the southeastern Coastal Plain of the USA, subsurface hard layers reduce yield by limiting root exploration of the profile. We evaluated the impact of reduced frequency of deep tillage (and thus increased penetration resistance) and timing of rain on corn ( Zea mays L.) yield for a 0.38 m row-width management system. Treatments were either disced or not disced; treatments were also deep-tilled from 0 to 3 years before sowing corn into a structureless Goldsboro loamy sand, a thermic siliceous fine-loamy Aquic Paleudult (fine-loamy Acrisol). Because of a pan at the 0.1–0.3 m depth, cone indices for disced treatments were greater than for non-disced treatments. Cone indices were also greater for treatments that had longer times between tillage and sowing corn, increasing on an average of about 200 kPa/year. Whether caused by discing or by reduced tillage frequency, each MPa of increased mean profile cone index reduced corn grain yields by 1.1–2.4 Mg/ha. Cone index vs. grain yield linear regressions differed among years. Regressions for the 3 years could be combined into a single relationship by including rainfall during 42–56 days after sowing (vegetative growth) and 70–98 days after sowing (silking) to the relationship ( R 2 =0.87). The same procedure was then applied to soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) grown in the same plots for the previous 3 years, giving similar results ( R 2 =0.73). When rainfall for the growing season or selected parts of the growing season based on plant maturity is included in the regression relationship of yield as a function of soil cone index, the relationship may be valid for multiple growing seasons eliminating the need to have individual relationships for each season.
Interpretation of planetary radar observations: the relationship between actual and inferred slope distributions

We examined the distribution of surface slopes of a variety of terrestrial surfaces by field measurement, representing surfaces formed by a wide range of processes, and compared the results to planetary radar data. Slope distributions of the measured surfaces differed considerably from the distributions assumed by accepted models of radar scattering. We also used Hagfors' model of radar scattering to predict the return that would be expected from surfaces where two discrete surface types were present within the radar field of view and found that the shapes of the resulting slope distributions differed from those predicted by the Hagfors model for homogeneous surfaces. Together, these results suggest that current methods of determining surface roughness from radar may significantly underestimate the roughness of planetary surfaces and that the derived rms slope can best be used as a qualitative guide to the physical interpretation of actual surface properties.
Alagille syndrome inherited from a phenotypically normal mother with a mosaic 20p microdeletion

We report an 18-month-old girl with Alagille syndrome, caused by a submicroscopic deletion of chromosome 20p, including the Jagged1 (JAG1) gene. FISH using a BAC probe containing JAG1 identified the deletion. Chromosomes were normal at the 550 band level. The deletion was inherited from her phenotypically normal mother who was found to have the deletion in 9/20 cells studied from peripheral blood. This is the first report of a JAG1 deletion inherited from an apparently unaffected mosaic parent.
LEAF LITTER AND LARVAL MOSQUITO DYNAMICS IN TREE-HOLE ECOSYSTEMS'

Larvae of Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes feed on microbes that decompose leaf litter in tree—hole ecosystems. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that browsing by mosquitoes substantially reduces microbial abundance on decaying leaves. Experiments using laboratory microcosms demonstrate that increased larval density decreases larval survivorship, pupation rates, pupal biomass, and total yield. Rapidly decomposing leaf litter (sugar maple) supports more mosquito growth than slowly decomposing litter (beech and black oak). In our experiments, mosquito yield was apparently regulated by larval density and detrital dynamics. See full-text article at JSTOR
Purification and characterization of rat pheochromocytoma dopamine beta-hydroxylase.

: Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) was purified from rat adrenal pheochromocytoma tumors by a procedure that requires only a few purification steps. Tumors obtained from a small number of rats yield sufficient quantities of pure DβH to raise antibodies to DβH in guinea pigs. The specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by immunoelectrophoretic and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion analysis, as well as by the specific inhibition of DβH activity. Enzyme inhibition studies revealed complete cross-reactivity between the rat pheochromocytoma antiserum and rat adrenal DβH, but interspecies cross-reactivity was almost nonexistent. The molecular parameters and the kinetic properties of rat pheochromocytoma DβH are similar to those reported for bovine adrenal, human plasma, and human pheochromocytoma DβH.
Serotonin blocks vasopressin-facilitated offensive aggression: Interactions within the ventrolateral hypothalamus of golden hamsters

In golden hamsters, vasopressin (AVP) microinjected within the ventrolateral hypothalamus (VLH) facilitates offensive aggression. As serotonin is known to inhibit offensive aggression, we decided to test whether AVP-facilitated behavior is also inhibited by serotonin treatment. Testosterone-treated male golden hamsters received IP injections of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or vehicle 1 h prior to AVP microinjections within the VLH. The animals were tested for offensive aggression in a resident-intruder model after the microinjections, and the results were compared between groups. Pretreatment with fluoxetine inhibited AVP-facilitated offensive aggression. Only one out of nine fluoxetine-treated animals attacked and bit the intruders, compared to six out of seven vehicle-treated animals. Furthermore, we also confirmed by in vitro autoradiography that the VLH contains vasopressin V1 and serotonin 5-HT1B receptors. Therefore, it is possible that serotonin may inhibit AVP-facilitated offensive aggression by acting directly at the level of the VLH as well as at other sites.
Immediate and Persistent Complete Heart Block Following a Horse Kick

Nonpenetrating chest trauma has been reported to cause acute and transient disorders of impulse formation and propagation, including intraventricular conduction delay and heart block. We report a case of immediate and sustained complete heart block following blunt chest injury.
Transverse pore gradient gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein [a] using methylenebisacrylamide gradients.

We describe a modification of transverse pore gradient gel electrophoresis in which pore size is regulated by crosslinker proportion (%C) rather than by total monomer concentration (%T). We electrophoresed plasma lipoprotein [a] transversely across linear N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide gradients and measured mobility as a function of %C. This method allows for the simultaneous assessment of pore sizes generated over a wide range of crosslinker proportions.
An avian influenza vaccine for humans targeting the polymerase B2 protein inside the capsid instead of hemagglutinin or neuramidase on the virus surface

Vaccines for avian influenza typically are aimed at hemagglutinin or neuramidase on the outside of the virus capsid. A major problem with such an approach is that the genes coding for these proteins have a very rapid mutation rate, forcing commercial producers to wait for mutations to occur before developing effective new versions of standard vaccines. However, a recent study has revealed that the 1918 flu virus, like the H5N1 avian flu virus, has an E627K mutation in its polymerase B2 component, which is located inside the virus capsid. Other research has indicated that this mutation strongly influences the virulence of H5N1. It seems reasonable to believe that the constancy, over more than 80 years, of the E627K mutation could be exploited to begin developing a vaccine now, rather than waiting for new mutations. Consequently, a publicly available database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website, and the SYFPEITHI online computer algorithm, were used to generate a hypothesis about a peptide-based vaccine targeted at the E627K mutation in PB2 of the avian influenza virus. It was found that the peptide sequence, DTVQIIKLL, present in the PB2 protein of the H5N1 virus, would be expected to bind to HLA-A26 restricted immune system cell surface receptors. Hence, the bound peptide might be capable of stimulating protection from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Should the present hypothesis be confirmed in laboratory studies, and an effective vaccine developed for individuals expressing the HLA-A26 receptor; further research would be indicated. This research would be aimed at determining whether molecular modifications to the DTVQIIKLL peptide could make it effective with other members of the HLA-A1 supertype to which HLA-A26 belongs. In addition to allowing vaccine development to begin now, this peptide-based approach would have the advantage of avoiding the use of dangerous, live, avian influenza virus during mass production.
An Overview of Analytic Rotation in Exploratory Factor Analysis.

The use of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis will be examined. Particular attention will be given to situations where there is a complex factor pattern and standard methods yield poor solutions. Some little known but interesting rotation criteria will be discussed and methods for weighting variables will be examined. Illustrations will be provided using Thurstone's 26 variable box data and other examples.
Bit Interleaved Coded Multiple Beamforming to Achieve Full Diversity and Maximum Spatial Multiplexing

This presentation introduces bit interleaved coded multiple beamforming (BICMB). The paper also shows that with the inclusion of BICM to the system, one actually does not need to lose the diversity order with multiple beamforming even when all the subchannels are used. BICMB achieves full diversity order of NM, and full spatial multiplexing order of min(N, M) for a system with N transmit and M receive antennas over Rayleigh flat fading channels. A design criteria for the interleaver is provided which guarantee full diversity and full spatial multiplexing. If there is frequency selectivity in the channel, then BICMB is combined with OFDM in order to combat intersymbol interference (ISI). BICMB-OFDM achieves full diversity order of NML and full spatial multiplexing order of min(N, M) for a system with N transmit and M receive antennas over L-tap frequency selective channels, when an appropriate convolutional code is used
Genetic susceptibility to nephropathy in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Summary: In Pima Indians, the incidence of end-stage renal disease, nearly all of which is attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus, is more than 20 times that in the general United States population. Studies in the Pimas indicate that factors other than diabetes per se enhance susceptibility to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Aggregation of renal disease in families, a relationship between parental blood pressure and diabetic nephropathy in the offspring, and an association between higher prediabetic blood pressure and the occurrence of renal disease after the onset of diabetes all point to individual differences in susceptibility. Although clustering of environmental exposures may be responsible for these findings, they may also represent genetic transmission of susceptibility to renal disease. Recently, linkage analyses were performed in 98 diabetic sib-pairs, both affected by diabetic nephropathy. Two adjacent markers on chromosome 7 met the criteria for suggestive linkage with two-point analysis. Positioned between these markers is the gene coding for aldose reductase. Polymorphisms of this locus are associated with diabetic microvascular complications in other populations. Linkage studies provide evidence that familial aggregation of diabetic renal disease reflects, in part, genetic transmission of susceptibility that appears to be independent of the transmission of diabetes.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 in pre‐eclampsia

Objective To investigate circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and IGFBP-3 in the mother and the fetus in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia, and the relationship between serum levels of IGFBPs and fetal birthweight. Design A prospective study over an 18 month period. Setting A tertiary care academic medical centre. Participants Sixty-six pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (35 cases of mild/moderate pre-eclampsia and 31 cases of severe pre-eclampsia) and 78 nonpra-eclamptic pregnant women of matched gestational weeks and maternal ages. Main outcome measures Serum concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 at the time of delivery. Results In pre-eclampsia associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), maternal and cord serum IGFBP-1 levels at the time of delivery were elevated. By contrast, circulating IGFBP-3 levels in both the mother and the fetus were lower in pre-eclampsia with IUGR than in nonpre-eclamptic pregnancy. However, there was no difference in serum IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 levels between pre-eclampsia without IUGR and nonpre-eclamptic pregnancy in both the mother and the fetus. Conclusions In pre-eclampsia, elevated concentrations of circulating IGFBP-1 and decreased serum IGFBP-3 levels were observed in both the mother and the fetus. However, these changes may simply reflect low birthweight in pre-eclampsia.
A reëxamination of surface conductivity

The problem of calculating the surface conductivity at an electrolyte-solid interface is reconsidered. Some of the limitations of the existing definitions and theoretical approaches are pointed out, and the problem is reworked to include the effects of non-zero space charge and ion concentration on the conductivity. An approximate method is presented for calculating the mobility of an ion in a non-neutral environment. These considerations are illustrated by the problem of the local conductivity in a cylindrical pipe and the local conductivity near a half plane.
A Clutter Reduction Technique for Random Signal Radars

The performance of certain radars is degraded in environments with significant clutter returns, and since the clutter is signal-generated, increasing the transmitted power does not improve the situation. However, changing the pulse width and pulse period of the transmitted signal can increase the input signal-to-interference ratio. In this correspondence, the transmitted signal is made up of pulses of random waveforms and the receiver is a correlator where the reference signal extends over many pulses. An expression for input signal-to-interference ratio as a function of pulse width and period is obtained for the case of a distributed target. This expression could be maximized by any of several methods, but to further elucidate the clutter reduction technique, contour plots of the input signal-to-interference ratio are presented.
Profile-driven code execution for low power dissipation (poster session)

This paper proposes a novel technique for power-performance trade-off based on profile-driven code execution. Specifically, we show that there is an optimal level of parallelism for energy consumption and propose a compiler-assisted technique for code annotation that can be used at run-time to adaptively trade-off power and performance. As shown by experimental results, our approach is up to 23% better than clock throttling and is as efficient as voltage scaling (up to 10% better in some cases). The technique proposed in this paper can be used by an ACPI-compliant power manager for prolonging battery life or as a passive cooling feature for thermal management.