cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presumed mast cell choroidal infiltrate in aggressive systemic mastocytosis.

Abstract Purpose To report a rare case of a unilateral choroidal mast cell infiltration in a patient with aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM). Observations The patient is a man in his fifties with a diagnosis of ASM. He developed visual complaints in the right eye associated with an area of subretinal fluid on fundus examination. Visual acuity at presentation was 20/150 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. After ophthalmic and radiologic imaging workup, the patient was diagnosed with presumed choroidal mast cell infiltrate. The index of suspicion was high due to the prior ASM diagnosis. External beam radiation and intravitreal injection treatments were offered but the patient declined. The patient was switched from interferon to a new targeted systemic therapy for ASM, midostaurin. Despite some mixed, temporary response in systemic symptoms/signs of ASM at four months, the choroidal lesion and subretinal fluid were stable with visual acuity at 20/125. Conclusion and importance Mast cell choroidal infiltration in ASM should be considered as part of the differential with acute/subacute vision changes. Diagnosis requires exclusion of other possibilities with ocular imaging and in this case, monitoring for development of other malignancies in which there were none. Midostaurin's ocular response was not on par with systemic response. Additional localized ocular therapies may be required.
Physical and Interdisciplinary Regional Ocean Dynamics and Modeling Systems

Abstract : This research is concerned with the understanding and modeling of physical and interdisciplinary regional ocean dynamics, including the development of new mathematical and computational methods and systems for ocean dynamics and predictions. The general focus is littoral ocean processes and their interactions with the deep ocean, with the intent to utilize acoustical-physical-biogeochemical measurements to enhance predictive capabilities and contribute to efficient real-time at-sea research experiments, naval operations and coastal seas management.
Identification of Factors Affecting the Deterioration Rate of Fresh-Cut Lettuce in Modified Atmosphere Packaging

Fresh-cut lettuce, stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), is a frequent component of bagged salads. However, even in MAP, fresh-cut lettuce is highly perishable due to non-microbial deterioration manifested by tissue liquefaction. The present study investigated the effects of plant physiology, lettuce processing, storage conditions, and exogenous stimuli on the deterioration of fresh-cut lettuce stored in MAP. Tests were performed on genotypes with a known rate of deterioration after processing. Leaf maturity of slowly deteriorating cultivars was generally negatively correlated with the shelf life, i.e., younger leaves deteriorated more slowly than older leaves. Leaf maturity of rapidly deteriorating cultivars was positively correlated with the shelf life, i.e., younger leaves deteriorated more rapidly than older leaves. The deterioration rate increased with temperature. Larger salad pieces deteriorated slower than smaller pieces and pieces that had additional wounding. Packaged samples of smaller size (less tissue per MAP bag with a constant volume) usually had a slower deterioration rate than larger samples. Reduced humidity in MAP slowed the rate of deterioration, particularly for rapidly deteriorating cultivars. Ethanol and hexanal accelerated the deterioration process of all cultivars in a dose-dependent manner. Sanitization of lettuce with chlorine, or treatments with abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, melatonin, or calcium lactate, had no obvious effect on the deterioration rate at the tested concentrations. This work provides insights into factors that need to be optimized to slow the rate of physiological deterioration of fresh-cut salad and identifies the most suitable conditions to reveal genotypic differences among lettuces.
Stem Cell Therapy to Improve Acute Myocardial Infarction Remodeling

In the United States, a patient suffers from a myocardial infarction (MI) every 40 seconds, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite optimal medical and surgical care, one in every two patients who develops heart failure will die within 5 years. A series of pathological remodeling changes occur to compensate for the myocardium lost during an MI that lead to fibrosis, hypertrophy, and ventricular dilation, with the end-stage pathology often culminating in decreased ejection fraction (EF) and heart failure (HF). Post-MI myocardial recovery is worsened by the adult myocardium’s limited regenerative ability, particularly in an ischemic environment; accordingly, there is great interest in stem cell therapy to treat post-MI injury, and the field is rapidly evolving. Several endogenous and exogenous cellular sources have already been evaluated in clinical trials, with varied results and modest efficacy. Limitations surrounding stem cell treatment include lack of standardization across clinical trials, poor cellular retention and differentiation rates, suboptimal delivery methods, and limited source of candidate cells. In order to optimize stem cell efficacy, future work should focus on efficient generation of the optimal cellular source, development of delivery carriers capable of noninvasive delivery methods that improve cellular survival, and standardization of clinical trials to allow for meaningful comparisons.
Discovery of N-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-4-(4-isobutyrylphenyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydrofuro[3,2-c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide as a Potent Dual MDM2/XIAP Inhibitor

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) are important cell survival proteins in tumor cells. As a dual MDM2/XIAP inhibitor reported previously, compound MX69 has low potency with an IC50 value of 7.5 μM against an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line EU-1. Herein, we report the structural optimization based on the MX69 scaffold, leading to the discovery of a 25-fold more potent analogue 14 (IC50 = 0.3 μM against EU-1). We demonstrate that 14 maintains its mode of action by dual targeting of MDM2 and XIAP through inducing MDM2 protein degradation and inhibiting XIAP mRNA translation, respectively, which resulted in cancer cell growth inhibition and cell death. The results strongly suggest that the scaffold based on 14 is promising for further optimization to develop a new therapeutic agent for leukemia and possibly other cancers where MDM2 and XIAP are dysregulated.
Unplanned Readmission Burden Impacts Survival in Patients with Contemporary Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device: STS Intermacs Analysis

Purpose Survival on durable continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) now mirrors that of heart transplant patients. There is a paucity of data on how readmission burden impacts survival in such patients. This study aims to determine if readmission burden influences survival outcomes after contemporary CF-LVAD implant. Methods The STS Intermacs registry data were retrospectively evaluated for clinical outcomes in adults (≥18 years) with durable CF-LVAD implant between 1/2008-3/2020. Readmissions were defined as hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAE) vs non-HRAE (Table 1). A multiphase non-proportional hazard model with readmission as a time-varying covariate was used to analyze the impact of readmission on the risk of early (death predominant within first 6 months) and late hazard phases of death on CF-LVAD. Results 26,933 CF-LVAD adults (mean age 57 ± 13 years, 40% centrifugal, 49% destination therapy) had a median follow-up of 1.1 years [2.8 months, 3.4 years]. Overall 1 month and 5 year survival was 96% and 47%, respectively. 56,495 unplanned readmissions (23,617 HRAE and 32,057 non-HRAE) were observed in 17,221 patients. Most had one hospital readmission (31.5%). The cumulative number of overall, HRAE, and non-HRAE readmissions per patient were 0.83, 0.82 and 0.96 at 1 year and 5.7, 2.9 and 3.8 at 5 years, respectively. Unplanned readmission, along with frequency and length of stay (LOS) of non-HRAE was associated with a higher risk of late vs early death. Table 1 highlights the differential predictors associated with early and late death. Conclusion Most patients with contemporary CF-LVAD had at least one unplanned readmission. Unplanned readmission, along with predominantly frequency and LOS of non-HRAE, worsens the risk of late death. Future analyses should examine mitigation strategies to curb unplanned readmissions based on HRAE vs non-HRAE categorization.
Exact Detection Thresholds for Chatterjee's Correlation

Recently, Chatterjee (2021) introduced a new rank-based correlation coefficient which can be used to test for independence between two random variables. His test has already attracted much attention as it is distribution-free, consistent against all fixed alternatives, asymptotically normal under the null hypothesis of independence and computable in (near) linear time; thereby making it appropriate for large-scale applications. However, not much is known about the power properties of this test beyond consistency against fixed alternatives. In this paper, we bridge this gap by obtaining the asymptotic distribution of Chatterjee's correlation under any changing sequence of alternatives "converging" to the null hypothesis (of independence). We further obtain a general result that gives exact detection thresholds and limiting power for Chatterjee's test of independence under natural nonparametric alternatives "converging" to the null. As applications of this general result, we prove a non-standard $n^{-1/4}$ detection boundary for this test and compute explicitly the limiting local power on the detection boundary, for popularly studied alternatives in literature such as mixture models, rotation models and noisy nonparametric regression. Moreover our convergence results provide explicit finite sample bounds that depend on the "distance" between the null and the alternative. Our proof techniques rely on second order Poincare type inequalities and a non-asymptotic projection theorem.
CITRULINA SÉRICA COMO MARCADOR DE REJEIÇÃO CELULAR AGUDA EM TRANSPLANTE INTESTINAL EM RATOS

Purpose: The objective of this study was to correlate the serum citrulline levels to the acute cellular rejection after intestinal transplant, therefore establishing a cheaper and less invasive method of intestinal transplant rejection diagnosis. Methods: The experimental study took place at the Batchelor Research Institute of the University of Miami in the period between August and December, 2004 duly approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Research. Five intestinal transplants were performed in Lewis rats that received intestinal grafts from DA rats, as previously described by SANTIAGO et al. Blood samples were collected in the pre- and post-surgical period at days 3rd, 5th, and 7th. Results: Serum citrulline levels ranged from 78 to 99 µmol/L in pre-transplant period; from 44 to 54 µmol/L in post-transplant 3; from 62 to 73 µmol/L in post-transplant 5, and from 36 to 60 µmol/L in post-transplant 7. Mean serum citrulline levels in 3, 5, and 7 post-transplant days were significantly smaller compared to the pre-transplant level. Conclusion: Serum citrulline levels declined along the acute cellular rejection, and this may point citrulline as a marker for the early detection of acute rejection episodes.
Long-Term Statin Use, Total Cholesterol Level, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION Statin use has been examined as a potential chemopreventive strategy against colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have not been able to investigate this topic with adequate follow-up time or disentangle the effects of statin use and total cholesterol level. We investigated prospectively this topic. METHODS Eligible participants (100,300 women and 47,991 men) in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were followed for up to 24 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We documented 2,924 incident CRC cases during follow-up. In fully adjusted analyses, longer duration of statin use was associated with higher risk of colon cancer (hazard ratios, the 95% confidence interval was 1.09, 0.95-1.25 for 1-5 years; 1.16, 0.99-1.36 for 6-10 years; 1.08, 0.81-1.44 for 11-15 years; 1.85, 1.30-2.61 for >15 years; vs never users, P = 0.004 for trend) rather than rectal cancer. The risk elevation was driven by proximal colon cancer (1.16, 0.98-1.38 for 1-5 years; 1.19, 0.98-1.45 for 6-10 years; 1.25, 0.89-1.74 for 11-15 years; 2.17, 1.46-3.24 for >15 years; vs never users, P = 0.001 for trend) rather than distal colon cancer. The results remained robust in analyses among participants with hypercholesterolemia or who never received screening. Total cholesterol level was not associated with CRC risk. DISCUSSION This study does not support benefit of statin use in CRC chemoprevention or any association between total cholesterol level and CRC risk. On the contrary, long-term statin use may be associated with increased colon cancer risk (driven by proximal colon cancer).
A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR A COMPETITIVE AFFINITY OPTICAL SENSOR

While research in the field of biosensors has achieved great progress in the past years, few technologies have reached the commercial market. In particular, sensors which are designed to continually monitor specific biochemicals are available for only a small group of compounds.
The Solidification Microstructure and Precipitation Investigation of Magnesium‐rich Alloys Containing Zn and Ce

Mg-Zn-Ce system has been identified as the alloy system for high-ductility wrought magnesium alloy development for automotive applications. The solidification micro structure and precipitation of Mg-Zn-Ce alloys were investigated to understand the phase equilibria and strengthening phases in this alloy system. The characterized microstructures of four directionally solidified Mg-Zn-Ce alloys agree well with the calculated solidification paths using computational thermodynamics coupled with the Scheil model. The precipitation of Mg7Zn3 intermetallic phase upon heat treatment was characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microcopy (HRTEM), a potential strengthening mechanism which will be explored in future research.
Phenotypic repertoire of the FNR regulatory network in Escherichia coli

Summary The FNR protein in Escherichia coli is an O2 sensor that modifies global gene expression to adapt the cell to anaerobic growth. Regulation of FNR involves continuous cycling of the protein between its active and inactive states under aerobic conditions without apparent function. This raises the question of what benefit to the overall life cycle might compensate for the cost of cycling and reveals that the role of this process is poorly understood. To address this problem, we introduce the concept of a ‘system design space’, which provides a rigorous definition of phenotype at the molecular level and a means of visualizing the phenotypic repertoire of the system. Our analysis reveals undesirable and desirable phenotypes with an optimal constellation of parameter values for the system. To facilitate a more concrete understanding of what the design space represents, we analyse mutations that alter the apparent dimerization rate constant of FNR. We show that our estimated wild-type value of this rate constant, which is difficult to measure in situ, is located within this constellation and that the behaviour of the system is compromised in mutants if the value of the apparent dimerization rate constant lies beyond the bounds of this optimal constellation.
Chen receives First Scarf Award

At the AGU 1992 Spring Meeting in Montreal, Margaret Wei-Mei Chen will be presented with the Space Physics and Aeronomy section's F.L. Scarf Award for outstanding dissertation research that contributes directly to solar-planetary science. Chen will receive a cash award of $1,000 and present an invited paper on the subject of her dissertation in a SPA-Magnetospheric Physics session at the meeting. Chen received her Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Los Angeles, in September 1990. Her dissertation on “The Polar Wind and Ionic Outflow” involved the oretical analysis, numerical simulations, and comparison with observational data. Advised by Maha Ashour-Abdalla, Chen incorporated kinetic processes such as ion heating into a macroscopic hydrodynamical model of the polar wind in order to investigate “non-classical” effects in the polar wind. She also worked closely on this subject with Thomas E. Holzer of the NCAR High Altitude Observatory. In collaboration with William K. Peterson of Lockheed and Thomas E. Moore of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Chen analyzed measurements from the Dynamics Explorer 1 spacecraft of upflowing ion streams in the polar cap region. These data were used to guide the theoretical modeling.
Assessing of energy policies based on Turkish agriculture:: current status and some implications

Abstract In this study, the current energy status of Turkey and the effects of national energy policies on Turkish agricultural support policies are discussed for both current and future requirements. Turkey is an energy-importing country producing 30 mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) energy but consuming 80 mtoe. The energy import ratio of Turkey is 65–70% and the majority of this import is based on petroleum and natural gas. Furthermore, while world energy demand increases by 1.8% annually, Turkey’s energy demand increases by about 8%. Although energy consumption in agriculture is much lower than the other sectors in Turkey, energy use as both input and output of agricultural sector is a very important issue due to its large agricultural potential and rural area. Total agricultural land area is 27.8 million hectares and about 66.5% of this area is devoted for cereal production. On the other hand, Turkey has over 4 million agricultural farm holdings of which 70–75% is engaged in cereal production. Machinery expenses, mainly diesel, constitute 30–50% of total variable expenses in cereal production costs. It is observed that energy policies pursued in agriculture have been directly affected by diesel prices in Turkey. Therefore, support policy tools for using diesel and electricity in agriculture are being pursued by the Turkish government.
The enzymatic significance of S-acetylation and N-acetylation of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract Specific S- and N-acetylations of the protein by two model substrates, acetyl phosphate and P-nitrophenyl acetate, have been related to the catalytic activity of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase in the following manner. 1. DPN facilitates the S-acetylation of the dehydrogenase with acetyl phosphate but inhibits the reaction with p-nitrophenyl acetate. 2. The S-acetyl enzyme compound is more labile at pH 7.0 than simple thioesters such as S-acetyl glutathione or S-acetyl coenzyme A. Denaturation increases the stability of the S-acetyl enzyme, suggesting that labilizing groups such as histidine have been removed from the active center. 3. In the presence of DPN the S-acetyl enzyme is rapidly deacylated by transfer of the acyl group to Pi or arsenate. Neither DPN nor Pi alone induces this rapid deacylation. 4. At pH 8.5, a specific lysine residue is acetylated by an S-N transfer reaction. The N-acetyl group is enzymatically inert in that it cannot be removed by addition of DPN and Pi or arsenate. 5. The lysine moiety is not readily acetylated in the presence of DPN, and conversely the N-acetylated enzyme binds less DPN. This suggests that the lysine moiety is involved in the coenzyme-enzyme interaction. 6. A number of experiments involving S-N transfer and dual acetylation of both the cysteine and lysine residues indicates that the S and N sites are in close proximity, although not near neighbors on a peptide chain. 7. The above observations have been fitted into a general proposal for the mechanism of catalysis by this enzyme.
Profiles of γ-ray bursts and their component pulses

One physically informative regularity of the otherwise heterogenous γ-ray bursts, is that many consist of well defined pulses. To objectively quantify burst temporal structures, we developed an automatic modeling procedure for time-tagged event (TTE) and time-to-spill (TTS) data that separates overlapping pulses and determines their energy-dependence. The crucially important initial guess solution is determined by wavelet-denoising a time series of delta-function photon arrival times, and then locating, modeling, and removing successive pulses (analogously to the clean deconvolution procedure of radio astronomy). The final model is then determined by minimizing a Bayesian likelihood function Pr(model|data) based on the Poisson probability distribution. This effort will yield statistical information on pulse rise-time, decay-time, peakedness, and amplitudes, plus their energy dependences—both within a single burst and for a large ensemble of bursts.
Anhydrous Photochemical Uranyl(VI) Reduction: Unprecedented Retention of Equatorial Coordination Accompanying Reversible Axial Oxo/Alkoxide Exchange

In a dramatic reversal of the normal trend of observed reactivity in uranyl(VI) coordination chemistry, an unprecedented retention of the normally labile equatorial coordination plane accompanies facile and reversible axial oxo/alkoxide exchange during both the photochemical reduction of cationic uranyl(VI) phosphine−oxide complexes with organic substrates and subsequent hydrolysis of the uranium(IV) alkoxide complexes to regenerate the uranyl(VI) starting complex.
An Econocological View of Environmental Quality

E NVIRONMENTAL QUALITY is a pervasive and all-inclusive topic, more relevant than in any other time in history. The goals of society are moving from an economic to an ecological framework. This paper is concerned with economic ecology, i.e., economics in an ecological perspective. It is an attempt to integrate economic and human ecology in a world that is increasingly dominated by man's organizations and institutions rather than nature's forces. Solving the environmental problem involves a balancing of costs and returns to achieve some level of optimum satisfaction for society. The nature of this economic balance point is examined, as well as some of the social and cultural factors that determine where man's productive activity will reach an equilibrium with the environment. Traditional concepts of ecology emphasize interactions within the biotic system. These concepts can be blended with human ecology to form the basis for an ecological complex in which human activities and social organizations are recognized. Within this complex the key ingredients for change are the struggle for survival and competition among plant and animal populations. The unintended consequences of this competition and consumer demand for a higher standard of living have created the environmental problem. Man's attempt to alter and manipulate nature has upset the "natural" balance of the ecological system. This problem can be viewed as a form of economic balance: Quality of life = GNP MC IB ED + P P
Gaseous radioactive effluent restrictions, measurement, and minimization at a PET/Cyclotron Facility

Abstract In the US, restrictions on the release of radioactive effluents from PET (positron emission tomography)/cyclotron facilities are typically imposed by State regulatory agencies and may be based on various methodologies and limits published by numerous agencies. This work presents suitable effluent concentration limits for various chemical forms of radioisotopes routinely produced in PET/cyclotron facilities. They were determined by application of metabolic models defined by ICRP 53 [International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 53 (1988)] and ICRP 26/30 which will result in compliance with effective dose equivalent limits of 100 mrem per year at the release point. The NIH Cyclotron Facility effluent air monitoring system, environmental dosimetry program, and simple, effective systems for radioactive effluent minimization are also described.
Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor

In approximately 25% of patients with testicular germ cell tumor (GCT), the cancer metastasizes to lymph nodes and distant organs. The initial lymphatic drainage site of GCTs is the retroperitoneum. GCTs rarely involve mesenteric lymph nodes. In this study, we report a case of a 32-year-old male patient with GCT and associated mesenteric lymphadenopathy.
Instrumental Acquisition and Performance on Fixed-Interval Reinforcement as a Function of Incentive Contrast

Four groups of rats were alternately magazine trained and bar- press trained on successive days. Two incentive-contrast groups both received 64% sucro,se on magazine-training days; one group was shifted to 32% and the other to 8% sucrose reinforcement on barpress days. One control group received 32% sucrose on both types of days and a second received 8% sucrose on both. All reinforcements were on a 1-min. fixed-interval schedule. Both of the shift groups barpressed at a higher rate than their respective controls during early acquisition trials, but at a lower rate during later trials, on which asymptotic performance was approached. Interpretation of this two-phase result was sug- gested in terms of an increasing discrimination in the experimental Ss between magazine and barpress incentives. The present experiment represents an extension of an incentive-contrast design recently introduced by Marx and Pieper (1962). In that experiment, with a continuous reinforcement schedule, we examined the effects of regular alternation of two incentive values, the higher one directly provided (magazine training) and the lower one obtained by the rat's instrumental barpress (BP). The most interesting result of the experiment was the unexpected facilitation of barpressing when the incentive shift was from 64% to 32% sucrose. The present study utilized a 1-min. fixed-interval schedule, which mini- mizes satiation and cutoff effects (Collier & Siskel, 1959; Collier & Willis, 1961 ) associated with continuous reinforcement of high sucrose concentrations. Barpressing rare may thus be expected more accurately to reflect the incentive value of the liquid reinforcement. Also, the present study carried the test sessions our more nearly to the asymptote of BP rare, thus providing a perform- ance as well as an acquisition measure. In the previous experiment only acqui- sition, or approach to asymptote, could be examined because of the small number of test sessions.
Lagrangean relaxation for service location in large-scale networks with QoS constraints

Current trends in computing indicate that there is a great potential for service-oriented computing and similar technologies, such as application-oriented networks (AONs), where services can relocate to adapt to the conditions of the underlying network. In such environments, providing and consuming services and establishing a relationship between consumers (users of services) and producers (providers of services) are still challenging and vastly researched aspects. Bearing this in mind, we define a service location and planning (SLP) problem that uniquely matches producers to consumers and accounts for realistic parameters such as, quality of service (QoS) constraints of throughput and delay, and network constraints of underlying link layer bandwidth capacities, and cost of meeting consumer requests. Our contribution lies in the mathematical formulation of the SLP problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem that can be solved optimally for small-scale networks and extending this work using Lagrangean relaxation (LR) approximation techniques to solve the SLP problem for large-scale networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. We define and solve a novel Service Location and Planning (SLP) problem that matches producers to consumers and accounts for realistic parameters such as, QoS constraints of throughput and delay, and underlying network bandwidth, and cost of meeting consumer requests. We present a mathematical formulation of the SLP problem as an Integer Linear Programming Problem that can be solved optimally for small-scale networks and extend this work using Lagrangean Relaxation approximation techniques to solve the SLP problem for large-scale networks. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GPU-based cloud performance for LiDAR data processing

Goal of this paper is to compare the timing/performance results of CPU and GPU on local and Cloud platform for processing massive Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) topographic data. We have used locally various multi-core CPU technologies as well as GPU implementations on various graphics cards of nVidia which support CUDA, where as a cloud computing infrastructure we utilized various components of the Amazon Web Services (AWS). In order to study the performance, we have developed and implemented vertex decimation algorithm for data reduction of LiDAR point cloud. Our presentation will demonstrate the preliminary results by comparing the multi-core CPU and GPU based implementations of the code, as well as the comparison with cloud performance.
Hubs of Anticorrelation in High-Resolution Resting-State Functional Connectivity Network Architecture.

Abstract A major focus of brain research recently has been to map the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) network architecture of the normal brain and pathology through functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, the phenomenon of anticorrelations in resting-state signals between different brain regions has not been adequately examined. The preponderance of studies on resting-state fMRI (rsFMRI) have either ignored anticorrelations in rsFC networks or adopted methods in data analysis, which have rendered anticorrelations in rsFC networks uninterpretable. The few studies that have examined anticorrelations in rsFC networks using conventional methods have found anticorrelations to be weak in strength and not very reproducible across subjects. Anticorrelations in rsFC network architecture could reflect mechanisms that subserve a number of important brain processes. In this preliminary study, we examined the properties of anticorrelated rsFC networks by systematically focusing on negative cross-c...
Infrared and Raman spectra, ab initio calculations, and conformational stability of CH3C(O)NCO and CF3C(O)NCO

The infrared and Raman spectra of acetyl isocyanate, CH 3 C(O)NCO, and the corresponding perfluoromethyl compound, CF 3 C(O)NCO, have been recorded for the gases and solids. Additionally, the Raman spectra of the liquids were recorded and qualitative depolarization values were obtained. From these data the conformational stability has been determined for both molecules for all three physical states. The experimental conformational stability and fundamental vibrational frequencies are compared with those obtained from ab initio Hartree-Fock gradient calculations employing the RHF/6-31G * basis set.
An evaluation of apnea or spontaneous ventilation in early recovery following mechanical ventilation in the anesthetized horse

Abstract Objective To compare arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in apneic and spontaneously ventilating horses recovering from anesthesia. Study design Randomized clinical trial. Animal population Forty-two healthy horses averaging 466 ± 106 kg and 6 ± 5 years of age. Methods Anesthetized horses undergoing a variety of surgical procedures and receiving positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) were divided into two equal groups. One group was allowed to return to spontaneous ventilation prior to disconnection from the anesthetic circuit (weaned). The other group remained apneic during transport to a recovery stall. Arterial blood gas data were collected at five time points: 20 minutes before moving to a recovery stall (t = − 20); at the time the anesthetic circuit was disconncted (t = 0); at 3 and 5 minutes post-disconnection (t = 3 and t = 5) and at the time of the first spontaneous breath (t = sv). The data were analyzed using an anova method for repeated measures and paired, two-tailed t-tests. Significance was assumed when p Results The apneic group took a mean of 5 minutes 18 seconds (± 135 seconds) before starting spontaneous ventilation. This group maintained significantly higher PaO2 levels at intermediate time points (t = 0 and t = 3) but no difference was noted after 5 minutes. PaCO2 levels were higher in the weaned group at time 0 minutes, returning to a comparable level to the apneic group at t = 3 minutes. Conclusions and clinical relevance Horses can survive a short period of apnea during transport from the surgery suite to recovery stall and may benefit from a reduced incidence of transient hypoxemia compared with spontaneously ventilating horses. This information has practical implications for the anesthetist evaluating the options for discontinuing IPPV when horses are moved to a recovery stall.
Using the Internet for business—Web oriented routes to market and existing IT infrastructures

Abstract The rapid expansion of the WWW is well known and has huge potential for enabling companies, large and small, to gain new marketplaces globally at low cost, or to be disintermediated by others doing so. A totally new competitive environment opening up new opportunities is upon us. However, to exploit this companies must make better use of their existing IT infrastructure and integrate their Web oriented routes to market with those same systems supporting more traditional ones. The issues involved are complex but solutions are becoming available which address both the world of electronic commerce and intranets. However, the issues are not simply technological but include how businesses deliver value, gain or lose competitive edge and impact the use, deployment and evolution of their business processes and infrastructure to maximum advantage.
Economics of scale and scope in small depository institutions: Evidence from U.S. cooperative banks

Abstract This paper derives the scale and scope economy measures for the U.S. cooperative banks for the years 1989, 1990 and 1991 using the translog cost function. The results suggest that cooperative banks can save costs through increasing their size and diversifying their outputs.
Soluble and lysosomal neuraminidases in the liver of developing chicks.

Abstract 1. 1.|Chick liver contains two neuraminidases ( N -acetylneuraminate glycohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.18), one strongly bound to the lysosomes and another that occurs in soluble form in the cytosol. 2. 2.|The pH optima are 4.4 for the soluble and 3.8 for the lysosomal neuraminidase. The K m for neuramin-lactose is 6.2·10 −4 M with both enzyme preparations. Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ inhibit the soluble but not the lysosomal neuraminidase. Preincubation at 37 °C results in decreased activity for the soluble enzyme and increased activity for the lysosomal preparation. 3. 3.|Both neuraminidases are fully active during the last week of embryonic life. The lysosomal enzyme remains fairly constant during pre- and postnatal development, while the soluble neuraminidase undergoes age-related changes, with a peak of maximum activity occurring 8 days after hatching.
Level structure of 46Ti

Abstract The 45Sc(3He, d)46Ti and 47 Ti ( 3 He , α) 46 Ti reactions have been studied with 15 MeV 3He2+ ions using a broad-range magnetic spectrograph. Deuteron angular distributions were measured between 7° and 60° for transitions leading to 106 states up to 11.4 MeV excitation energy in 46Ti. With the aid of distorted waves calculations, proton orbital angular momentum transfers and spectroscopic strengths have been obtained for states up to 7.6 MeV. Transitions to more than 30 states up to 11 MeV excitation in 46Ti were also found in the ( 3 He , α) reaction study, but no ground state transition was observed. Four excited states in 46Ti have been identified in both reactions as probable isobaric analog states from which the Coulomb displacement energy for the 46Sc-46Ti pair is calculated to be 7.61±0.03 MeV.
Effects of prostaglandin E1 injections and infusions on canine femoral hemodynamics.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE) has been recommended as an arterial vasodilator for treatment of lower extremity arterial insufficiency in man. However, optimal dosage and preferred route of administration have not been well defined. This study evaluates systemic and femoral hemodynamic effects of intraarterial (ia) and intravenous (iv) injections and infusions of PGE in a canine model. Bilateral femoral arterial blood flows (FBF) were measured electromagnetically in five anesthetized mongrel dogs. Femoral arterial (FAP) and venous (FVP) pressures were recorded. Control mean FBF (ml/min ± SEM) was 144 ± 29, while FAP (mm Hg ± SEM) was 115 ± 11 and FVP was 5 ± 2. Injections (ia) of PGE in doses of 10−4, 0.5 × 10−3, 10−3, 0.5 × 10−2, 10−2, and 10−1 μg/kg were performed randomly into one femoral artery. FBF increased significantly (P < 0.05∗) by 2 ± 4, 31 ± 11, 180 ± 32∗, 198 ± 58∗, 277 ± 43∗, and 328 ± 69∗ ml/min, respectively. No significant changes occurred in contralateral FBF, or in FAP and FVP. Injections (iv) of PGE in similar doses produced no significant changes in FBF. Infusion (ia) of PGE at a dose of 10−2 μg/kg min−1 resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) and sustained increase in FBF of 252 ± 48 without altering contralateral FBF. Infusion (iv) of PGE at a similar dose produced no significant change in FBF. Intraarterial injections and infusions of PGE produced significant increases in FBF without significant changes in contralateral FBF. Since iv infusion of PGE resulted in no changes in FBF, ia infusion of PGE at a dose of 10−2 μg/kg min−1 may be more beneficial than iv infusion in the treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive disease in man.
Super shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle and the impact on beef carcass contamination.

article i nfo Beef carcass contamination is a direct result of pathogen transfer from cattle hides harboring organisms such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Hide contamination occurs from direct and indirect fecal contamination in cattle production and lairage environments. In each of these environments, individual animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 at high levels (N10 4 CFU/g of feces, hereafter referred to as "super
In vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides by sulbactam, other beta-lactams, and sulbactam-beta-lactam combinations.

At clinically achievable levels (e.g., 25 micrograms/ml), sulbactam exerted no effect on aminoglycoside concentrations when incubated together in pooled serum at 37 degrees C for up to 24 h. Sulbactam alone and in combination with ampicillin or cefoperazone inactivated tobramycin, gentamicin, netilmicin, and amikacin in vitro when the sulbactam concentration was 200 to 225 micrograms/ml. At 75 micrograms/ml, sulbactam inactivated only tobramycin. Inactivation of tobramycin by high concentrations of sulbactam occurred even at -20 degrees C, but not at -70 degrees C, and was influenced by the serum matrix.
Interaction of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase with 2-carboxyribitol diphosphate, an analogue of the proposed carboxylated intermediate in the CO2 fixation reaction

Abstract Support for the participation of a six-carbon carboxylated intermediate (or transition state) in the D-ribulose-1,5 diphosphate carboxylase-catalyzed reaction was derived from kinetic and binding studies with 2-carboxy-D-ribitol-1,5-diphosphate (CRDP), an analog of the proposed intermediate and potent inhibitor of the reaction. Evidence is presented that following the formation of a carboxylase·Mg·CRDP complex, a slow temperature-dependent conformational change occurs locking the enzyme in an inhibited state from which release of the inhibitor is extremely slow.
Modular CCD detector for x-ray crystallography

We have modeled the performance of x-ray crystallography detectors by combining the characteristics of the detector and the experimental conditions. From this model, we have derived a single expression, the experimental detective collection efficiency (XDCE), which predicts the detector's performance. This expression is evaluated for detectors constructed from a square array of identical modules, each module consisting of a fiberoptic taper with a phosphor x-ray converter deposited on the large end and a CCD bonded to the small end. Using this expression, we have developed a design for a modular detector. In order to explore parameters of this design, we have constructed a test detector module in which we can change the fiberoptic taper, phosphor converter and CCD. We have measured the DQE, spatial resolution, response linearity, and dynamic range for the test module for a 3:1 taper. From these measurements, we predict the performance of this type of detector for x-ray crystallography.
Corotation lag of the Jovian atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere

The Jovian ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling model of Hill (1979) was modified to include the rotational slippage of the neutral atmosphere at ionospheric heights, relative to a frame of reference corotating rigidly with Jupiter. Equations were derived for the altitude distributions of ionospheric neutral and ion velocities, and a generalized expression was obtained for the corotation lag of the magnetosphere. The results of calculations provide independent support for the expectation that vertical mixing in Jupiter's atmosphere is much more vigorous at high latitudes than near the equator. They also indicate that the observed corotation lag in the magnetosphere and the Io torus is largely attributable to the slippage of the neutral atmosphere itself, rather than to the slippage of ionospheric ions relative to ionospheric neutrons, as previously suggested.
An early example of brief strengths‐based practice: Bertha Reynolds at the National Maritime Union, 1943–1947

Abstract Bertha Reynolds, one of the foremothers of social casework, is known for her commitment to social justice and the struggles of poor and working people. Her ideas about brief strengths‐based practice, which she taught when she supervised social workers at the National Maritime Union between 1943 and 1947, are less well known. She presented these ideas with case examples in her book Social Work and Social Living, a work that includes a critique of society, social policies, and the social work profession. The author contends that Reynolds was ahead of her time in her conceptualization of brief treatment.
Quantum dot/carbon nanotube/silicon double heterojunctions for multi-band room temperature infrared detection

We report on the observation of room temperature multi-band photocurrent response from a novel structure formed by interior loading of PbS quantum dots into carbon nanotubes grown on silicon. In addition to a mid infrared photoresponse band at ∼ 0.22 eV due to the carbon nanotubes and one band at 1.1 eV corresponding to silicon, two bands in the mid/near infrared at 0.63 and 0.82 eV, corresponding to the first and second exciton bands of the PbS quantum dots, are observed in photocurrents measured at room temperature, in uncooled operation. We have also observed a red shift of the 0.63 and 0.82 eV bands with cooling that reflects a behavior typical for PbS and supports the hypothesis that these photoresponse bands are due to absorption in the PbS quantum dots.
Sociocultural studies of families of children with intellectual disabilities

This article reviews recent sociocultural studies of families of children with intellectual disabilities to introduce the range of research conducted from this perspective and to highlight the methodological, conceptual, and theoretical contributions of this approach to the study of mental retardation. Sociocultural studies examine families within their cultural, historical, and sociopolitical contexts. This type of research is comparative across different cultural groups, but is not limited to such comparisons. Sociocultural studies use varied theories and methods, but they share a focus on families' coproduction of meanings and practices related to intellectual disability; families' responses and adaptations to disability; and how their understandings and experiences are shaped within larger social institutions and inequities. Sociocultural approaches take into account community contexts that matter to families with members with mental retardation or developmental delay, and they examine the broader systems that define and position individuals with disabilities and their families. As a whole, these studies provide a more experiential and holistic view of families' beliefs and adaptations within sociopolitical worlds, and offer new tools by which to study the families of children with developmental delays within and across different cultural groups.
The Politics of Sentimentality and Postsentimentality

Melodrama rules the growing archive of Hollywood films on human rights issues in Africa. Terry George's Hotel Rwanda (2004), Fernando Meirelles’ The Constant Gardener (2005), and Edward Zwick's Blo...
A cytophotometric analysis of nuclear DNA contents of cultured human diploid cells in log and in plateau phases of growth.

Abstract Feulgen-DNA content profiles of cultured human diploid cell strain WI-38 in log and in plateau growth phases were determined by scanning microdensitometry. The results indicate that plateau phase in this cell strain is predominately due to cells becoming blocked in G1.
An example illustrating modularity, abstraction & information hiding using

In this paper we present, by way of an example, techniques for using the independently compilable units of Turbo Pascal 4.0. (Turbo Pascal is a Pascal compiler available from Borland International.) We suggest ways that units can be used to illustrate software engineering principles, including information hiding, modularity, and procedural and data abstraction. The paper describes Turbo Pascal units and gives a sample project. It also suggests a number of ways that this or similar projects can be used to illustrate these principles to CS1 and CS2 classes.
YIELD SURFACE AND STRAIN-HARDENING PROPERTIES OF CORDOVA CREAM LIMESTONE

Abstract Strain-hardening behaviour of porous rocks, subjected to sufficiently large compressive stresses, can be interpreted within the framework of engineering plasticity. In this paper the anisotropic strain-hardening of Cordova Cream limestone is explained using a relatively simple mathematical model based on concepts of strain-hardening plasticity. The model consists of an initial bi-elliptical yield surface and a hardening rule which includes mixed isotropic and kinematic hardening. Parameters of the model were determined from experimental data. Initial and subsequent yield surfaces were probed at multiple stress points on the yield surface to enable one to describe the transformations induced on the yield surface by hardening.
Pulmonary Microvascular and Alveolar Epithelial Permeability Characteristics in N-Nitroso-N-Methylurethane-Injected Dogs

The subcutaneous injection of 5 to 6 mg/kg of body weight of N-nitroso-N-methylurethane (NNNMU) has been reported to cause acute alveolar injury in animals. To determine the permeability characteristics of the alveolar epithelium, we employed the in vivo saline-filled dog lung model and determined the time to 50 percent equilibration in minutes of a specific tracer in the blood and the lung liquid (T½) for endogenous serum albumin (MW 69,000 daltons, molecular radius 35 A) and exogenously administered 500,000 MW polydispersed dextrans (@ molecular radius 200 A). Compared to control animals, T½ decreased (permeability increased) in NNNMU-injected dogs from 3,500±100 to 682±160 minutes for albumin and from 20,000±250 to 2,790±750 minutes for 500,000 MW dextran (P