cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The Job Is the Seeing”: Stephen Wright's Subversive Anatomies

ABSTRACT American novelist Stephen Wright has wrongly been cast as a “postmodern satirist.” Instead of “degenerative satire,” two of Wright's novels, M31: A Family Romance and Going Native, suggest he is a maker of the seemingly anachronistic genre of the anatomy. Unlike satire, neither universal nor conditional palliatives are asserted or implied. Instead, Wright's two novels provide sheer documentary evidence of a culture in decline. Wright offers anatomical dissections of the human failures of late capitalist culture and reveals his “demonic vision” of a nation beyond redemption, thoroughgoing repudiations of quintessentially American metanarratives of individual or collective transformation or progress.
Deuterium incorporation in biomass cell wall components by NMR analysis

A commercially available deuterated kale sample was analyzed for deuterium incorporation by ionic liquid solution 2H and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This protocol was found to effectively measure the percent deuterium incorporation at 33%, comparable to the 31% value determined by combustion. The solution NMR technique also suggested by a qualitative analysis that deuterium is preferentially incorporated into the carbohydrate components of the kale sample.
A matter of convenience: factors influencing secondary syringe exchange in Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Abstract Distribution of sterile syringes to reduce the circulation of HIV-infection among injection drug user (IDU) communities is vital in curbing the spread of HIV among IDUs. In addition to other methods of distribution, syringe exchange programmes (SEPs) have been shown to be necessary in the dissemination of sterile syringes. Secondary syringe exchange (SSE) is an organic process by which IDUs distribute syringes to other IDUs and is an important complement to SEPs. This paper examines the motivations for people who provide SSE to other IDUs and the reasons why some IDUs do not use the Baltimore Needle Exchange Program (BNEP). Approximately 5000 individuals had obtained clean syringes from the BNEP between 1994 and 1997. In 1997, qualitative interviews were conducted in Baltimore with 20 providers of SSE and 10 SSE recipients who had never used the BNEP. Data from qualitative interviews were transcribed, coded and compiled. SSE providers reported economic gain and altruism as incentives. SSE recipients reported privacy, convenience of location and time, force of habit, and concern for carrying paraphernalia around as reasons influencing them to obtain syringes from secondary syringe exchangers rather than the needle exchange programme. Results from this study illuminate the social context in which SSE occurs and indicate the importance of SSE as a method for distributing sterile syringes.
Computer automated structure evaluation of opiate alkaloids

Abstract The Computer Automated Structure Evaluation (CASE) program has been applied to the evaluation of mu-receptor binding for a diverse group of opiate alkaloids. Major molecular fragments relevant to the drug-receptor interaction were automatically generated and incorporated within an equation used to estimate the degree of binding. Correlations of these major activating/inactivating fragments with biological activity are discussed.
A Remarkable Green Line Source

IN a number of communications in these columns I have reported the observation of high relative intensities of forbidden lines of atomic nitrogen and the forbidden bands of molecular nitrogen in nitrogen afterglows. Both the absolute and relative intensities of these radiations increased with pressure over the range which had been studied up to the spring of 1941. This included pressures from about 0.001 to 30 mm. In addition, the relative intensities increased as the time between the interruption of the afterglow producing discharge and the exposure of the afterglow was increased1. This effect has been referred to as the temporal effect.
Gibb's functionals on subshifts

We consider functionals on one dimensional subshifts which have prescribed Randon-Nikodym derivative under transportation by conjugating homeomorphisms, and investigate their relation to Ruelle's transfer operator. In particular we show that two-sided functionals essentially are products of a functional which are supported on stable and unstable leaves. We also prove the meromorphicity of the Fourier transform of correlation functions for AxiomA follows in a more general setting.
Statistics of ultimate strain of the earth's crust and probability of earthquake occurrence

Abstract Statistics of ultimate strain are improved by adding new data to the previous ones. The critical value for horizontal strain seems somewhat larger than that for vertical strain, although parameters of a Weibull distribution, which is customarily used for quality-control research and which fits in very well with the present statistics, are calculated for the whole set of data making no distinction between the two subsets because of their scantiness. On the basis of the parameters thus determined and strain rates obtained from geodetic data, probabilities of earthquake occurrence in a few regions in Japan and the U.S. are estimated. Probability of having an earthquake in an area southwest of Tokyo, where we had the 1923 earthquake (magnitude 7.9), at this time amounts to 20%, a value almost the same as that obtained in the previous papers. The probability will reach some 50 and 90% by 2000 and 2050, respectively. In the North Izu district, where an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred in 1930, a shearing crustal motion is going on to an extent for which we have a probability for an earthquake recurring there in these 40 years amounting to 40%. By the end of this century, it will become as high as 85%. Similar estimates of such cumulative probabilities are made for the San Francisco and Fort Tejon regions, where great earthquakes occurred respectively in 1906 and 1857, yielding values of 30 and 80% at present. These probabilities are tentative because of possible errors in evaluating geodetic measurements and uncertainty of the ultimate crustal strain assigned to the San Andreas fault.
Separation of neutral nitrogen compounds from synthetic crude oils for biological testing

Isolation of neutral N-PAHs (PAH homologues containing one or more ring nitrogens) is achieved in three steps using acid-base extraction, gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20, and adsorption chromatography on silicic acid. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the neutral N-PAH fractions indicated the following as major components: C1-C3 phenylpyrroles, indole, C1-C6 indoles, C1-C3 phenylindoles, carbazole, C1-C5 carbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and C1-C3 benzocarbazoles. The neutral N-PAH fractions were subjected to mutagenicity tests using Salmonella typhimurium/microsomal activation systems devised by Ames. The neutral N-PAH fraction of the coal-derived oil had a specific activity more than twice that of the PAH fraction of the same oil, whereas the shale oil neutral N-PAH fraction showed no activity. These results are discussed in the context of previous work with these oils and with some pure neutral N-PAH compounds.
A bridge over troubled waters: factors associated with non-injection drug users having injection drug-using sex partners.

Objectives:To examine factors associated with noninjectors having 1 or more injection drug users as sex partners.Methods:We collected data as a part of the Self-Help in Eliminating Life Threatening Diseases study, a network-oriented experimental HIV prevention intervention. All eligible participants
Allelochemicals as inhibitors of glutathione S-transferases in the fall armyworm.

Abstract Glutathione S -transferases (GSTs) isolated from larval midguts of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugi perda , were used to study their sensitivity to inhibition by 44 chemicals, most of which were plant allelochemi cals. Many flavonoids, other phenols, and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were potent inhibitors of the enzymes. For the flavonoids, apigenin was the best inhibitor among those studied, showing an I 50 value of 8.2 × 10 −7 M. In general, flavonols exhibited higher inhibitory potencies than flavones; flavonoid glycosides were less inhibitory than their corresponding aglycones. In the case of phenols, tannic acid was the best inhibitor among those tested, showing an I 50 value of 2.0 × 10 −7 M. The organotin compound chlorotriphenyltin was an potent as tannic acid in inhibiting the transferases. For the αβ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, ethacrynic acid was the most potent inhibitor among those examined, showing an I 50 value of 1.5 × 10 −7 M. However, the isothiocyanates were found to be marginal inhibitors of GSTs. GSTs isolated from larval fat bodies showed differential sensitivity to inhibition by some selected inhibitors compared with midgut GSTs. Kinetic studies of midgut GSTs revealed that ellagic acid exhibited a noncompetitive inhibition toward 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) but a competitive inhibition toward glutathione (GSH). In contrast, inhibition by tannic acid and ethacrynic acid were noncompetitive toward both CDNB and GSH. Diethyl maleate did not affect GSH levels in midguts when larvae were topically treated with this compound for up to 24 h.
Long Time Behavior of a Modified Becker-Döring System

A modification, based on asymptotic behavior, of the Becker-Doring system is introduced in which the concentration of monomers is slaved to the concentrations of the other clusters. This modified system has the same continuum limit as the usual Becker-Doring system. For one member of the modified systems it is proved, for compact initial data, that all solutions will converge to the same self-similar form as time tends to infinity.
Menstrual cycle patterns of hormones and sexual behavior in gorillas

Oppositely sexed pairs of gorillas were tested behaviorally during the menstrual cycle to determine the relationship between hormone concentrations of the female and the frequency of sexual activity by the pair. Five females were tested individually during two cycles with each of two males, but serum samples for hormone assay were obtained from each female only during the first cycle of testing. There was no clear relationship between hormones and behavior for the single cycle in which the serum samples were obtained, with the exception that no copulations occurred after the early luteal phase, when progesterone was greater than 5 ng/ml. Normalized behavioral data from all four test cycles for all pairs suggested that female-solicited copulations were restricted primarily to the periovulatory period. Male sexual initiative (by one of the males) accounted for most copulations temporally dissociated from the periovulatory period. Normalized hormone data for all of the females suggested that (1) attractivity was associated with estradiol concentrations during the follicular phase, (2) proceptivity with estradiol and testosterone at midcycle, whereas (3) receptivity was not associated with hormone patterns or cycle phase. The data suggest that hormones are one of several variables that contribute to the regulation of sexual behavior in gorillas.
Vanishing Viscosity in the Barotropic β-Plane

.The initial boundary value problems associated with the inviscid barotropic potential vorticity equation in the b-plane and its viscous analogue are considered. It is shown that the solution velocity to the viscous equation converges to the inviscid solution in a C 1 sense for finite times and that, under additional smoothness assumptions on the inviscid flow, this convergence can be extended to C 3 . . Moreover, this convergence occurs as O « , where « is the viscous parameter. This particular form of vanishing viscosity is of relevance in analysing viscosity induced advection for barotropic models. Q 1997 Academic Press
Relationship Between Consistency of Movement and Environmental Condition

(1972). Relationship Between Consistency of Movement and Environmental Condition. Quest: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 61-69.
Response of dairy cows in early lactation to additions of cottonseed meal in alfalfa-based diets.

The effect of increasing CP levels by additions of cottonseed meal to diets for early lactation was studied in 24 multiparous Holstein cows. Diets containing 13.8, 17.5, 20.4, and 23.9% CP were fed during three 3-wk periods beginning at wk 4 postpartum. Each cow received three of the four dietary treatments giving 18 observations per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Undegraded intake protein as a fraction of total protein for the diets was .25, .32, .36, and .39. Dry matter intake increased linearly with increasing dietary CP concentrations. Daily milk yield increased as dietary CP increased from 13.8 to 17.5%. Increased milk yield was accompanied by increased daily yields of milk fat and protein, but the concentration of these components in milk was not altered. The proportion of total milk N that was NPN increased linearly with increasing dietary CP level. Plasma amino acids and urea N were increased by increasing the dietary CP level. The conclusions of the study were that increasing dietary CP levels from 13.8 to 17.5% by the use of cottonseed meal was beneficial to cows consuming alfalfa-based diets in early lactation. Increasing dietary CP above 17.5% showed little benefit in milk yield. Increasing dietary protein caused an increase in blood urea N and milk NPN, indicating N wastage by the animal.
Representations for qualitative shape

An important pathway to solve several computer vision problems may be through qualitative vision. Progress in qualitative vision has been very limited due to the difficulties in modeling and analyzing qualitativeness. In this paper, we consider the issue of representing shape in the qualitative sense. A robust representation is important to enable the fusion of qualitative information that is obtained from different sources. We begin with the simple scheme of storing relative positions in space. This representation is compact and can be updated easily. Probabilistic, relaxation-based schemes for fusion are possible. However, we show that this representation is not unique. In particular, we show that two objects with different qualitative shapes could have the same representation. We indicate how the representation can be augmented to overcome this difficulty. We point out the need to identify minimum information requirements for representation and other tasks.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A statistical-based approach to assessing the fidelity of combinatorial libraries encoded with electrophoric molecular tags. Development and application of tag decode-assisted single bead LC/MS analysis.

A statistical sampling protocol is described to assess the fidelity of libraries encoded with molecular tags. The methodology, termed library QA, is based on the combined application of tag decode analysis and single bead LC/MS. The physical existence of library compounds eluted from beads is established by comparing the molecular weight predicted by tag decode with empirical measurement. The goal of sampling is to provide information on overall library fidelity and an indication of the performance of individual library synthons. The minimal sampling size n for library QA is 10× the largest synthon set. Data are reported as proportion (p) ± lower and upper boundary (lb-ub) computed at the 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). As a practical demonstration, library QA was performed on a 25 200-member library of statine amides (size = 40 × 63 × 10). Sampling was conducted three times at n ∼ 630 beads per run for a total of 1902 beads. The overall proportions found for the three runs were consistent with one anoth...
Review of neurogenic bladder in multiple sclerosis

Neurologic involvement of the urinary bladder and urethral sphincter in multiple sclerosis has been known for some time. Thirty-one patients with a proved diagnosis of multiple sclerosis were evaluated urologically for symptoms of urinary incontinence, retention, or urinary tract infection. On initial presentation, 27 (74 per cent) were found to have neurogenic bladders of which 23 (85 per cent) were of the uninhibited type. Electromyography of the periurethral striated muscle revealed vesicosphincter incoordination in 9 of the 19 patients studied. Approximately one-half of the patients with uninhibited bladders had uncoordinated sphincters. Modalities of treatment are discussed.
Indicators of Health-Related Quality of Life in Heart Failure Family Caregivers

Indicators of caregiver health-related quality of life (HRQL) were identified among 50 caregivers of older patients living with heart failure (HF). Using a cross-sectional design, caregivers were interviewed for perceptions pertaining to caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, patient disease severity, and HRQL. Caregiver burden explained 62% of the variance in caregiver HRQL, adjusted R(2) = .58, F (5, 44) = 14.54, p < .01. Caregiver depressive symptoms explained an additional 2% of variance in HRQL. Significant indicators of caregiver HRQL were in the burden domains of caregiver health and caregiver finances. The findings suggest the need for nurses to conduct caregiver health assessments to include screening for depression and assessment of the financial impact caregiving has on the caregiver. Interventions to improve caregiver health and lessen financial burdens should be investigated in future HRQL studies among HF caregivers.
Antihypertensive properties of furazolidone.

ConclusionsFurazolidone in adequate dosage exerts a significant hypotensive action. The exact mechanism whereby this occurs remains obscure. Frequency and severity of adverse effects and development of a refractory state limit application of the drug in treatment of patients with hypertension. It is to be hoped that derivatives may dissociate the hypotensive from the unwanted effects.
A universal state-selective approach to multireference coupled-cluster non-iterative corrections

A new form of the asymmetric energy functional for multireference coupled cluster (MRCC) theories is discussed from the point of view of an energy expansion in a quasidegenerate situation. The resulting expansion for the exact electronic energy can be used to define the non-iterative corrections to approximate MRCC approaches. In particular, we show that in the proposed framework the essential part of dynamic correlation can be encapsulated in the so-called correlation Hamiltonian, which in analogy to the effective Hamiltonian, is defined in the model space (M(0)). The proper parametrization of the exact/trial wavefunctions leads to the cancellation of the overlap-type numerators and to a connected form of the correlation Hamiltonian and size-extensive energies. Within this parametrization, when the trial wavefunctions are determined without invoking a specific form of the MRCC sufficiency conditions, the ensuing correction can be universally applied to any type of the approximate MRCC method. The analogies with other MRCC triples corrections to MRCC theories with singles and doubles (MRCCSD) are outlined. In particular, we discuss the approach, which in analogy to the Λ-Mk-MRCCSD(T) method [F. A. Evangelista, E. Prochnow, J. Gauss, H. F. Schaefer III, J. Chem. Phys. 132, 074107 (2010)], introduces an approximate form of the triply-excited clusters into the effective and correlation Hamiltonians. Since the discussed corrections can be calculated as a sum of independent reference-related contributions, possible parallel algorithms are also outlined.
FitYou: integrating health profiles to real-time contextual suggestion

Obesity and its associated health consequences such as high blood pressure and cardiac disease affect a significant proportion of the world's population. At the same time, the popularity of location-based services (LBS) and recommender systems is continually increasing with improvements in mobile technology. We observe that the health domain lacks a suggestion system that focuses on healthy lifestyle choices. We introduce the mobile application FitYou, which dynamically generates recommendations according to the user's current location and health condition as a real-time LBS. It utilizes preferences determined from user history and health information from a biometric profile. The system was developed upon a top performing contextual suggestion system in both TREC 2012 and 2013 Contextual Suggestion Tracks.
C. elegans Dicer interacts with the P-granule component GLH-1 and both regulate germline RNPs

P granules, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes specific to the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pores of Caenorhabditis elegans germ cells, are implicated in post-transcriptional control of maternally-transcribed mRNAs. Here we show a relationship in C. elegans of Dicer, the riboendonuclease processing enzyme of the RNA interference and microRNA pathways, with GLH-1, a germline-specific RNA helicase and a constitutive component of P granules. Based on results from GST-pull-downs and immunoprecipitations, GLH-1 binds DCR-1 and this binding does not require RNA. Both GLH-1 protein and glh-1 mRNA levels are reduced in the dcr-1(ok247) null mutant background; conversely, a reduction of DCR-1 protein is observed in the glh-1(gk100) deletion strain. Thus, in the C. elegans germline, DCR-1 and GLH-1 are interdependent. In addition, evidence indicates that DCR-1 protein levels, like those of GLH-1, are likely regulated by the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), KGB-1. In adult germ cells, DCR-1 is found in uniformly-distributed, small puncta both throughout the cytoplasm and the nucleus, on the inner side of nuclear pores, and associated with P granules. In arrested oocytes, GLH-1 and DCR-1 re-localize to cytoplasmic and cortically-distributed RNP granules and are necessary to recruit other components to these complexes. We predict that the GLH-1/DCR-1 complex may function in the transport, deposition, or regulation of maternally-transcribed mRNAs and their associated miRNAs.
Incorporation of a Formalized Emergency Radiology Curriculum to Facilitate Population of a MIRC-based Digital Teaching File

Teaching files are integral to radiological training. Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine compatible digital radiological data and technological advances have made digital teaching files a desirable way to preserve and share representative and/or unusual cases for training purposes. The Medical Imaging Resource Community (MIRC) system developed by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) is a robust multi-platform digital teaching file implementation that is freely available. An emergency radiology training curriculum developed by the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) was incorporated to determine if such an approach might facilitate the entry, maintenance, and cataloguing of interesting cases. The RSNA MIRC software was obtained from the main MIRC website and installed. A coding system was developed based on the outline form of the ASER curriculum. Weekly reports were generated tallying the number of cases in each category of the curriculum. Resident participation in the entry and maintenance of cases markedly increased after incorporation of the ASER curriculum. The coding schema facilitated progress assessment. Ultimately, 454 total cases were entered into the MIRC database, representing at least 42% of the subcategories within the ASER curriculum (161 out of 376). The incorporation of the ASER emergency radiology curriculum greatly facilitated the location, cataloguing, tracking, and maintenance of representative cases and served as an effective means by which to unify the efforts of the department to develop a comprehensive teaching resource within this subspecialty. This approach and format will be extended to other educational curricula in other radiological subspecialties.
Couple Communication as a Mediator Between Work-Family Conflict and Marital Satisfaction

Using a sample of married individuals employed full-time (N = 1,117), this study examined the mediating effects of constructive and destructive communication between partners on the relationship between work–family conflict and marital satisfaction. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that work–family conflict was significantly and negatively related to marital satisfaction. This relationship became insignificant when constructive and destructive communication were added to the model, evidence for full mediation. This was confirmed with Sobel’s test for mediation. Results suggest that teaching communcation skills may be a potent point of intervention for couples who experience high levels of work–family conflict.
Distribution of hexachlorobenzene and hexachloro-butadiene in water, soil, and selected aquatic organisms along the lower Mississippi River, Louisiana

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a fungicide and by-product of the chemical industry which has been reported in domestic and wild animais including sheep (AVRAHAMI and STE~~ 1972a), chickens (AVRAHAMI and STE~.E 1972b), terns (GILBERTSON and REYNOLDS 1972), fish (HOLDEN 1970, ZITKO 1971, JOHNSON et ai. 1974) and several other orgsnisms, including man (CAM ~ NIGOGOSYAN 1963). This compound has also been found in samples of ocean water and its persistence in the envirorm~nt has been acknowledged (SELTZER 1975). Excessive levels of HCB in adipose tissue and milk of cattle being raised in the vicinity of an industrialized region bordering the Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana roused local concern in recent years. It therefore becoe~e of interest to study the distribution of the persistent chlo~ted compound in the affected area and adjacent areas of the state. Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), another chlorinated compound is often found in association with HCB as an industrial by-product (LASKA, P~RT~.T. and LASETER, unpublished results). HCBD as an envirormental con~t has received little attention, and since it has been demonstrated to have substantial toxic effects in experimental work ~ 1966), the levels of HCBD were monitored concurrently with HCB. This report presents data resulting from gas chrommtographic (GC) analysis of HCB and HCBD residues extracted fr~n field s~mples of water, soil, and selected aquatic organimns taken at intervals along a 150-mile transect of the man-ruade levees of tb~ Mississippi River, from Baton Rouge to Port Sulphur, louisiana.
The oxidative-rearrangement of 1-amino-2-indolinones. A synthesis of 2-substituted-3(2H)-cinnolinones

Several 2-substituted-3(2H)-cinnolinones have been synthesized by a ring expansion of the respective 1-substituted-2-indolinones via an oxidative-rearrangement with t-butyl hypochlorite.
Beam-beam interaction with a horizontal crossing angle

Abstract We report measurements of the dependence of luminosity and beam-beam tune-shift parameter on horizontal crossing angle at a single interaction point in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring. The report is based on data collected between September 1991 and January 1992 at CESR. For head-on collisions (zero crossing angle) the achieved tune-shift parameter is ξ v = 0.03 ± 0.002 at 11 mA/bunch. For a crossing half-angle of θ c = ± 2.4 mrad, we achieve ξ v = 0.024 ± 0.002 at similar bunch currents. The data suggest some degradation of performance if the trajectory through the interaction region is distorted magnetically even while head-on collisions are preserved. Therefore at least some of the observed dependence of tune-shift parameter on crossing angle may be due to the associated large displacement of the beam trajectories in the interaction region optics. Furthermore, with the introduction of the crossing angle, the algorithm for optimizing luminosity is significantly complicated due to linear optical errors and the solenoid compensation. We interpret the measured tune-shift parameter at θ c = 2.4 mrad as a lower limit to what can ultimately be achieved.
Large-bowel hemangiomas.

A case of large-bowel hemangioma is presented, and radiologic and histologic abnormalities are illustrated. Ultrasonographic features, not previously described, are reported. The literature is reviewed and the frequency of misdiagnosis is emphasized. Pathologic classification, epidermiologic factors, and etiology are considered. Clinical manifestations and current approaches to recognition and management are summarized. Vascular tumors are serious, albeit uncommon, intestinal lesions. Greater awareness of the condition and earlier consideration of the diagnosis are prerequisites to lessened morbidity and improved survival.
Dynamic Longitudinal Evaluation of the Utility of the Berg Balance Scale in Individuals With Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Datta S, Lorenz DJ, Harkema SJ. Dynamic longitudinal evaluation of the utility of the Berg Balance Scale in individuals with motor incomplete spinal cord injury. Objectives To examine the utility of the Berg Balance Scale among patients with motor incomplete spinal cord injuries (SCIs), to determine how the utility of the Berg Balance Scale changes over time with activity-based therapy, and to identify differences in scale utility across patient groups defined by status of recovery. Design Prospective observational cohort. Setting The NeuroRecovery Network (NRN), a network of clinical centers for patients with motor incomplete SCI. Participants Patients with motor incomplete SCI (n=124) with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade C or D, who were enrolled in the NRN between February 2008 and June 2009. Intervention Standardized locomotor training. Main Outcome Measure The Berg Balance Scale items were examined with longitudinal principal components analyses. Patients were categorized by phase using the Neuromuscular Recovery Scale. Results In the full sample, the first principal component explained a large percentage of overall scale variance (77%), items were loaded homogeneously on the first principal component, and item scores were well correlated with first principal component scores. In subgroups of low and high functioning of patients, first principal component variance accounting was reduced (49%) and only a few of the simplest and most difficult items substantially loaded onto the first principal component. Item loading coefficients evolved over time as patients recovered, with simpler items becoming less important to the full scale and difficult items more important. Conclusions The utility of the Berg Balance Scale in patients with motor incomplete SCI in early and advanced phases of recovery is limited. Specific item utility changes as patients recover. Thus, a more comprehensive and dynamic instrument is necessary to adequately measure balance across the spectrum of patients with motor incomplete SCI.
Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Design of Cooperative MIMO Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks Using Column Generation

Cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) schemes are recently shown to be able to reduce the transmission energy in distributed wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the merit of the MIMO schemes, we study the joint routing, scheduling and stream control problem with the aim of minimizing energy consumption while satisfying a given end-to-end traffic demand in scheduling-based multihop WSNs. We present a cross-layer formulation of the problem by incorporating various power and rate adaptation schemes, and taking into account an antenna beam pattern model and the signal-to-interference-and-noise constraint at the receiver. In this context, we also propose a column generation solution to get rid of the complexity of having to enumerate all possible sets of scheduling links. The formulation is verified by simulation experiments, and the results show its effectiveness in both energy saving and QoS provisioning.
Explaining Variation in Transit Ridership in U.S. Metropolitan Areas Between 1990 and 2000: Multivariate Analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, transit patronage increased by around 7% in the United States, but there has been wide variation around this mean. Most research attributes variation in ridership change to a combination of socioeconomic and land use factors, which are beyond a transit agency's control, and service and fare policy decisions, which are within an agency's control. A study built on this earlier work by examining rider-ship change at the metropolitan scale for all metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States that had more than 500,000 people at the time of the 2000 census. The study incorporates several measures of service quality in order to evaluate the relative efficacy of policy decisions about service coverage, frequency, and orientation (central business district radial versus multidestination system orientation). The multivariate analysis shows that transit is growing most rapidly in the nontraditional markets of the West but that much of the regional variation is a function of the ...
Hydrogen ion concentration differentiates effects of methamphetamine and dopamine on transporter-mediated efflux.

Methamphetamine (METH) causes release of stored intracellular dopamine (DA). We explored the interactions of METH with the recombinant human vesicular monoamine (hVMAT2) and/or human DA transporters (hDAT) in transfected mammalian (HEK293) cells and compared the findings with those for DA. In ‘static’ release assays at 37°C, less than 20% of pre-loaded [3H]DA was lost after 60 min, while nearly 80% of pre-loaded [3H]METH was lost at 37°C under non-stimulated conditions. Results obtained by measuring substrate release using a superfusion apparatus revealed an even greater difference in substrate efflux. At pH 7.4, nearly all of the pre-loaded [3H]METH was lost after just 6 min, compared with the loss of 70–80% of pre-loaded [3H]DA (depending on cell type) after superfusion for 32 min. Increasing the extracellular pH from 7.4 to 8.6 had opposite effects on [3H]DA and [3H]METH retention. At pH 8.6, [3H]METH was retained more effectively by both hDAT and hDAT-hVMAT2 cells, compared with results obtained at extracellular pH 7.4. [3H]DA, however, was more effectively retained at pH 7.4 than at pH 8.6. These data suggest that DA and METH interact differently with the DAT and VMAT2, and require different H+ concentrations to exert their effects.
A retrospective comparison of skin and renal direct immunofluorescence findings in patients with glomerulonephritis in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Background Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a vasculitis that can affect the skin and kidneys. It is characterized by immunoglobulin (Ig) A-predominant deposition in small blood vessels. To our knowledge, there has been no comparison of direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings in skin and kidney biopsy specimens. Methods We retrospectively studied 21 adults with HSP who had IgA deposition in the skin and kidneys. The skin and kidney DIF findings were compared and tested for an association with the progression of renal disease. Results Mean age of the patients was 51.4 years. Follow-up data were available for 19 patients, of whom 5 had progression to chronic kidney disease or renal failure. Concordance between DIF findings on skin and renal biopsies was 100% for IgA, 80% for C3, 80% for IgG, 71% for IgM and 53% for fibrinogen. A worse renal outcome was associated with renal IgG deposition (p = 0.04). A trend for worse renal outcome was found with renal fibrinogen and skin IgM deposition (p = 0.10 and 0.14, respectively). Conclusions In this retrospective study of adult HSP, the concordance between DIF findings in skin and kidney specimens was low-moderate. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these differences in Ig deposition.
Glycolysis, glutaminolysis and cell proliferation

Since the original observation that a high rate of aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of malignant cells (Warburg, 1926), considerable effort has been devoted to elucidation of the role of glycolysis in normal and transformed cell proliferation. Many explanations have been put forward to explain the high flux of glucose to lactate in proliferating normal and transformed cells (Warburg, 1926; Papaconstantinou et al., 1963; Gregg, 1972; Singh et al., 1974a, b; Wenner, 1975; Racker, 1976; Sols, 1976; Wang et al., 1976; Weinhouse, 1976; Fagan and Racker, 1978; Hume et al., 1978; Lazo and Sols, 1980; Eigenbrodt and Glossmann, 1980). However, none have been conclusive enough to determine whether the high glycolytic rate is essential for cell growth or a consequence of other metabolic processes that occur during cell proliferation. It has been clear for some time that gross defects in respiration are neither a general property of tumor cells and proliferating normal cells nor the cause of a high rate of glycolysis. Many tumor cells and proliferating normal cells, that exhibit a sufficiently high rate of aerobic glycolysis to result in stochiometric conversion of glucose to lactate, consume oxygen normally and are equipped with adequate levels of mitochondrial enzymes that are necessary to completely oxidize pyruvate (Gregg, 1972; Roos and Loos, 1973; Weinhouse, 1976; Donnelly and Scheffler, 1976; Pederson, 1978; Hume et al., 1978). Several important recent observations using isolated cells in culture have shed more light on the role of glucose metabolism in normal and abnormal cell proliferation and in the expression of the malignant cell phenotype.
Separable Mechanisms of Attachment and Cell Uptake during Retrovirus Infection

In the absence of viral envelope gene expression, cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag and pol, accessory HIV functions, and a vector genome RNA produce and secrete large amount of noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) into the conditioned medium. After partial purification, such HIV-1 VLPs can be made infectious in cell-free conditions in vitro by complex formation with lipofection reagents or with the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G). The resulting in vitro-modified HIV-1 particles are able to infect nondividing cells. Infectivity of envelope-free HIV VLPs can also be induced by prior modification of target cells through exposure to partially purified VSV-G vesicles. Similarly, infection can be carried out by attachment of envelope-free noninfectious VLPs to unmodified cells followed by subsequent treatment of cells with VSV-G. We interpret these findings to indicate that interaction between a viral envelope and a cell surface receptor is not necessary for the initial virus binding to the cells but is required for subsequent cell entry and infection.
In vivo assessment of renal tissue viscoelasticity during acute and gradual renal ischemia

Elasticity imaging methods have been used to study kidney mechanical properties and have demonstrated that kidney elasticity changes with disease state. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that kidney elasticity is affected by renal blood flow. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of Shearwave Dispersion Ultrasound Vibrometry (SDUV) for in vivo measurements of viscoelasticity in healthy swine kidney and to demonstrate that kidney viscoelasticity is affected by renal blood flow. A total of five female pigs were used in these acute in vivo experiments. Shear wave speed dispersion was studied by exciting shear waves in the renal cortex with a mechanical actuator and with acoustic radiation force. Kidney viscoelasticity was studied at baseline renal blood flow (RBF) and 25, 50, 75 and 100% of baseline RBF. In this study we show that shear wave speed is affected by RBF. As a consequence, shear elastic moduli is affected by RBF. The data from this study did not show a clear relation between viscosity and renal blood flow. Moreover, the data from this study indicates that other variables such as local blood flow, pressure, and volume as well as method accuracy need to be measured to illustrate the relationship between shear elasticity and viscosity with acute and chronic kidney processes. KeywordsRenal elasticity, Renal viscosity, Shear wave dispersion
Zirconia-toughened sodium beta″-alumina solid electrolyte

The effect of a 15 vol% zirconia dispersion on the critical current density for failure initiation of beta″-alumina solid electrolyte was examined. Single phase and composite electrolytes were tested in standard sodium-sodium test cells and subjected to increasing ionic currents. Onset of degradation in the electrolyte was detected by monitoring acoustic emissions from the cell. Preliminary examination of the electrolyte material showed that the problem of producing a uniform dispersion of zirconia in pure beta″-alumina had not been solved. However, the electrolytes were of sufficient quality to draw important conclusions about the potential of transformation toughening for improving electrolyte performance.
Inter-industry differences and the impact of operating and financial leverages on equity risk

Abstract Based on the traditional assumption that the degree of combined leverage is strictly a product of operating and financial leverages (DOL and DFL), Mandelker and Rhee (1984) develop an interesting beta decomposition model. Two testable implications of their model, which apply to all firms, are that: (1) changes in DOL and/or DFL should exert a positive impact upon beta; and (2) a negative relationship should hold between DOL and DFL. Huffman (1983), however, questions this multiplicity assumption and, by arguing that a firm's capacity decision is endogenous, posits that an interaction prevails between a firm's DOL and DFL. An implication of Huffman's model is that the relationship between DOL, DFL, and beta depends on a firm's capacity decision and, therefore, may vary across industries. By employing a vector-autoregressive causality approach, this study finds some evidence in support of Huffman's position.
A reexamination of the part/whole effect in free recall

The present study replicated the part/whole effect in free recall under the standard conditions and showed that informing the part/whole Ss of the relationship between the two lists is sufficient to prevent the effect from occurring. The informed group of Ss recalled significantly more words on the second list than did the naive group and also showed a significantly greater tendency to organize the second list according to the categories of old and new words. This was interpreted as contradicting Tulving's hypothesis that the naive group's disadvantage is due to their maintaining the old organization and as suggesting instead the opposite view that this group's disadvantage is due to their failure to maintain the old organization. No support was found for an alternative interpretation of the part/whole effect in terms of the withholding hypothesis.
Modeling and Fragility Analysis of Non-Ductile Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Low-to-Moderate Seismic Zones

Reinforced concrete buildings in low-to-moderate seismic zones are often designed only for gravity loads in accordance with the non-seismic detailing provisions. Deficient detailing of columns and beam-column joints can lead to unpredictable brittle failures even under moderate earthquakes. Therefore, a reliable estimate of structural response is required for the seismic evaluation of these structures. For this purpose, analytical models for both interior and exterior slab-beam-column subassemblages and for a 1/3 scale model frame were implemented into the nonlinear finite element platform OpenSees. Comparison between the analytical results and experimental data available in the literature is carried out using nonlinear pushover analyses and nonlinear time history analysis for the subassemblages and the model frame, respectively. Furthermore, the seismic fragility assessment of reinforced concrete buildings is performed on a set of non-ductile frames using nonlinear time history analyses. The fragility curves, which are developed for various damage states for the maximum interstory drift ratio are characterized in terms of peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration using a suite of ground motions representative of the seismic hazard in the region.
The airborne network definition project: a network architecture effort for future battlefield networks that enable network-centric warfare

The Airborne Network Definition (AND) project had the goal of creating and testing a robust, efficient network architecture networking all elements of the battlefield. This effort has since been generalized to fit the goals of the Mobile Edge Network System Architecture (MENSA) effort. The network is designed to be self-contained, attaching to fixed backbone infrastructure whenever possible. The fundamental building block of the architecture is the Small Combat Network (SCN), which integrates heterogeneous ground and air platforms, facilitating collaborative applications such as Blue Force Tracking, Cooperative Sensing and Targeting. The architecture uses the concept of an IP core to network unlike domains (radio types) and to connect the SCN to the backbone and the Global Information Grid (GIG). This paper describes the requirements of the network and outlines the technical design of the SCN architecture. We present step-by-step descriptions of a communication on the SCN which highlights some of the key features of the architecture. We present results of a simulation that applies our proposed architecture to realistic warfighting scenarios. Results show that the architecture enables cooperative applications and point to future work that will design and evaluate a deployable AN network architecture.
On the connection between harmonic maps and the self-dual Yang—Mills and the sine-Gordon equations

Abstract This is an algebraic paper which demonstrates some algebraic connections between the Yang—Mills and the sine-Gordon equation.
Assessing System Agreement and Instance Difficulty in the Lexical

This paper presents a comparative evaluation among the systems that participated in the Spanish and English lexical sample tasks of SENSEVAL-2. The focus is on pairwise comparisons among systems to assess the degree to which they agree, and on measuring the difficulty of the test instances included in these tasks.
A Markov chain that models genetic algorithms in noisy environments

Abstract In this study, we construct a Markov chain that models genetic algorithms (GAs) in noisy environments. Fitness functions are assumed to be perturbed by additive or multiplicative random noise that takes on finitely many values. We first compute the transition probabilities of this Markov chain exactly. We then focus on the environment where fitness functions are additively disturbed and further analyze the chain in order to investigate the transition and convergence properties of GAs in this noisy environment. The Markov chain has only one positive recurrent communication class, and it follows immediately from this property that GAs eventually find at least one globally optimal solution with probability 1. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the chain has a stationary distribution that is also its steady-state distribution. Using this property and the transition probabilities of the chain, we derive an upper bound for the number of iterations sufficient to ensure with at least a specified probability that a GA selects a globally optimal solution upon termination.