cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late effect in mouse skin following single and multifractionated irradiation

Abstract The time course of mouse skin contraction after single-dose and multifractionated gamma-irradiation using various time intervals was studied until day 540 after irradiation. Following an initial shrinkage of the skin, a period of relaxation was observed 20 to 30 days after irradiation. Thereafter there was a dose dependent period before a second wave of contraction began, which was earlier and more severe with increasing dose. Recovery from sub-effective injury, as measured by increase in dose for an isoeffect, was not complete within 12 hours. Constant exponents for N and T in an isoeffect formula are not appropriate for the data presented.
Mitogenic responses of New Zealand mice comparing age, sex, and strain

Abstract The lymphoproliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes from NZB/W F1(F1) hybrid mice, both the NZB (B) and NZW (W) parental strains, and normal ICR mice were compared at ages 6 to 10 weeks and 20 to 24 weeks using the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin-P, pokeweed, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The influence of sex on lymphoproliferation was examined in the F1, B, and W mice. The data suggested that the autoimmune F1 and B mice are hyperresponsive to T-cell (concanavalin A) and B-cell (lipopolysaccharide) mitogens when compared to nonautoimmune W and ICR strains. Significant sex differences were noted in the autoimmune strains. Female mice were hyperresponsive to concanavalin A whereas male mice were more responsive to lipopolysaccharide. These sex differences were more apparent at the intermediate age of 20 to 24 weeks. Although no sex differences were noted in the unstimulated cultures, both male and female F1 mice had high values suggesting an abnormality in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction.
A “Pseudo-endowment” effect, and its implications for some recent nonexpected utility models

This article describes a modification of the Allais paradox that induces preferences inconsistent with two conditions weaker than the independence axiom, namely quasi-convexity (a special case of which is the betweenness axom), and Hypothesis II of Machina (also called fanning-out). These violations can be formally derived from prospect theory by invoking a nonliner transformation of probability into decision weight.
Enhancing Graduate Business School Programmes

During the 1980s, much criticism surfaced regarding the need for managers and executives to be more effectively prepared for their roles and responsibilities. Graduate business schools were identified as one source which needed to improve because a business degree often represents a significant part of managers′ and executives′ preparation. In addition to reviewing content, graduate business schools need to improve the methods used to deliver content. Specifically, they need to incorporate successful methods used in private and governmental organisations to train and develop managers. These methods include role play, case method, in‐basket technique, games, computer based training, learning contracts, assessment centres, shadowing, structured self‐assessment and mentoring.
Ab initio effective valence shell hamiltonian calculation of the valence state potential curves of CH and CH

Abstract The third-order ab initio effective valence shell hamiltonian of quasi-degenerate many-body perturbation theory is calculated for the valence state potential curves of CH and CH + simultaneously. The results are in accord with experiment and configuration interaction calculations, and they have applications to experiments on the D 2 Π state of CH and B 1 Δ of CH + .
Supercharging proteins can impart unusual resilience.

The creation and application of proteins with desirable properties would benefit significantly from strategies to reduce the problem of protein aggregation. Here we demonstrate “supercharging” the surface of three disparate proteins to alter their net charge by as much as 55 charge units, without destroying protein folding or function. These supercharged variants acquire unusual resistance to aggregation and, unlike their natural counterparts, can refold and function even after boiling. Our findings demonstrate an approach to increasing protein robustness, suggest surprisingly broad, untapped plasticity at protein surfaces, and may help explain the modest net-charge distribution of natural proteins.
Pitch Loop Control of a VTOL UAV Using Fractional Order Controller

Pitch loop control is the fundamental tuning step for vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and has significant impact on the flight. In this paper, a fractional order strategy is designed to control the pitch loop of a VTOL UAV. First, an auto-regressive with exogenous input (ARX) model is acquired and converted to a first-order plus time delay (FOPTD) model. Next, based on the FOPTD model, a fractional order [proportional integral] (FO[PI]) controller is designed. Then, an integer order PI controller based on the modified Ziegler-Nichols (MZNs) tuning rule and a general integer order proportional integral derivative (PID) controller are also designed for comparison following three design specifications. Simulation results have shown that the proposed fractional order controller outperforms both the MZNs PI controller and the integer order PID controller in terms of robustness and disturbance rejection. At last, ARX model based system identification of AggieAir VTOL platform is achieved with experimental flight data.
Paracentric inversions in humans: a review of 446 paracentric inversions with presentation of 120 new cases

We present a large review of 446 cases of paracentric inversions (PAI), including 120 new cases, to assess their incidence, distribution, inheritance, modes of ascertainment, interchromosomal effects, viable recombinant offspring, and clinical relevance. All 23 autosomes and sex chromosomes had inversions. However, none were identified in chromosome arms 18p, 19q, 20q, and Yp. PAI were most commonly reported in chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 14 and less frequently in chromosomes 4, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and Y. Inversions were most common in chromosome arms 6p, 7q, 11q, and 14q and observed least in chromosome arms 2p, 2q, 3q, 4q, and 6q. Frequently encountered breakpoints included 3(p13p25), 6(p12p23), 6(p12p25), 7(q11q22), and 11(q21q23). Ascertainment was primarily incidental (54.5%), mental retardation and/or congenital anomalies (22.2%), spontaneous abortions (11.4%), associations with syndromes (3.0%), and infertility (2.0%) accounted for the remainder. Ascertainment was neither related to the length of the inverted segment nor to specific inversions except for PAI of Xq which often presented with manifestations of Ullrich-Turner syndrome. Sixty-six percent of PAI were inherited while 8.5% were de novo. Recombination was observed in 17 cases, 15 of which resulted in a monocentric chromosomal deletion or duplication. No common factors were identified that suggested a tendency towards recombination. The incidence of viable recombinants was estimated to be 3.8%. This review documents that PAI are perhaps more commonly identified than suggested in previous reviews. Despite the possible bias of ascertainment in some cases, there may be associated risks with PAI that require further examination. Our data suggest that PAI carriers do not appear to be free of risks of abnormalities or abnormal progeny and caution is recommended when counseling.
Expression Of Estrogen Receptors α And β By Sympathetic Ganglion Neurons Projecting To The Proximal Urethra Of Female Rats

ABSTRACTPurpose: Urinary incontinence is prevalent in postmenopausal women and estrogen is commonly administered therapeutically. In animal models estrogen increases urethral smooth muscle agonist induced contraction but a consistent clinical benefit in humans has not been confirmed. A reason may be that estrogen affects tissues other than the urethra that are involved in continence. We determined if sympathetic nerves projecting to the urethra may also be a target for estrogen.Materials and Methods: Sympathetic neurons innervating proximal urethra smooth muscle were identified by injection of the retrograde tracer Fast Blue (Dr. Illing GmbH and Co. KG, Gross-Umstadt, Germany) in 10 ovariectomized adult female rats. Rats received a single injection of 10 μg./kg. estradiol benzoate or vehicle 24 hours before tissue harvest. Retrograde labeled sympathetic neurons expressing estrogen receptors α and β in prevertebral and paravertebral ganglia were identified by immunostaining.Results: Approximately 80% of Fa...
Production of High-Titered Interferon in Cultures of Human Diploid Cells

The effect of incubation with interferon prior to the stimulation of interferon production (priming) and of sequential treatment with cycloheximide and actinomycin D (superinduction) on the interferon yield from polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I·poly C)-induced diploid human foreskin cell cultures (FS-3 strain) was studied. Suitable priming with interferon produced, on the average, about an eightfold increase over the control yield, with a greater increase noted on some occasions when the control interferon yield was very low. Under the optimal conditions carefully defined in our experiments, superinduction produced about a 100-fold increase over the average control yield, resulting in interferon yields of about 10,000 reference units from cultures containing about 10 6 cells. Combined superinduction and priming did not produce yields markedly higher than obtainable by superinduction alone. Essentially similar results were obtained in cultures of human embryonic kidney cells and in FS-3 cells stimulated with other double-stranded polynucleotide inducers. However, stimulation of cells with certain concentrations of a mixture of diethylaminoethyl-dextran and poly I·poly C altered the interferon response; the yield was considerably higher than in cells stimulated with poly I·poly C alone, but it could not be markedly increased further by superinduction.
Platelet Fragmentation Requires a Specific Structural Conformation of Human Monoclonal Antibody against β3 Integrin

We have described an autoantibody against β3 (GPIIIa49–66), a region of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 that is unique. It induces platelet fragmentation in the absence of complement via antibody activation of platelet NADPH oxidase and 12-lipoxygenase to release reactive oxygen species, which destroy platelets. To study the mechanism of anti-GPIIIa antibody-induced platelet fragmentation, we screened a human single chain Fv antibody library with the GPIIIa49–66 peptide. Nine monoclonal antibodies were identified that were capable of binding to GPIIIa49–66. Surprisingly, binding avidity for GPIIIa49–66 did not correlate with activity of induction of platelet fragmentation. We therefore investigated the requirements for platelet fragmentation. Mutations were introduced into the heavy chain complementary-determining region-3 of clones 11, 43, and 54 by site-directed mutagenesis. The capability of these clones to induce platelet fragmentation or bind to GPIIIa49–66 subsequently changed. Molecular modeling of these clones with their mutants revealed that the ability to induce platelet fragmentation is affected by the side chain orientation of positively charged amino acids in the heavy chain of residues 99–102. Thus, a structural change in the conformation of anti-GPIIIa49–66 antibody contributes to its binding to the β3 integrin and subsequent antibody-induced platelet fragmentation and aggregate dissolution.
LOW-ENERGY SUSPENSION STRUCTURE OF A MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID

The application of a pulsed magnetic field to an emulsion of monodisperse, magnetizable oil droplets yields an energetically determined suspension structure. For droplets with a radius $rg~0.32$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$m and a magnetic susceptibility of $\ensuremath{\chi}$ = 2.2, the low-energy suspension structure comprises ellipsoidal aggregates with conical spikes. The eccentricity of the ellipsoidal aggregates can be explained primarily by a competition between demagnetizing field and surface effects. Calculations of the equilibrium ellipsoid width-to-length ratio based on these two dipolar forces, as well as the relatively minor effects of interaggregate repulsion and gravity, provide good agreement with experimental observations of aggregate shape. The formation of conical spikes on the aggregate ends results from a surface energy anisotropy that forbids surfaces perpendicular to the field direction. A comparison of the narrow range of observed spike sizes with surface energy anisotropy calculations suggests that surfaces are stable only when the ratio of the surface energy to the dipolar energy driving chain formation exceeds a critical value. A slight dependence of the range of allowable spike sizes on pulse frequency is observed and could arise from a variation in the internal structure of the aggregates with pulse frequency.
Ectopic Cerebellum Presenting as a Suprasellar Mass in Infancy: Implications for Cerebellar Development:

A 4-month-old infant with a history of nasopharyngeal teratoma developed progressive optic neuropathy. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated a solid, isointense, suprasellar mass impinging on optic nerves and chiasm superiorly. The mass was subtotally resected. No attachment of the mass to brain stem or cerebellar structures was noted. Histological examination identified the tissue as developing cerebellum. The cytoarchitecture and cellular constituents of the cerebellar tissue were only slightly distorted. All cerebellar cortical constituents were arranged anatomically, and an external granular cell layer was present superficially. The latter was actively proliferating and appropriately cellular for the infant's age. The clinical presentation of ectopic cerebellum as a suprasellar mass in an infant is highly unusual. Moreover, this example illustrates the ability of cerebellar tissue to mature appropriately in a site distant from the posterior fossa, removed from ascending and descending afferent projections. Intrinsic signaling mechanisms appear sufficient to direct histogenesis in developing cerebellar cortex.
Siblicide, parent-offspring conflict, and unequal parental investment by egrets and herons

O'Connor (1978) generated behavioral predictions from Trivers's (1974) theory of parent-offspring conflict (POC) in relation to avian brood reduction, especially for species using escalated sibling aggression. In general, when daily mortality rates fall between certain values (the “mortality difference thresholds” for parents and surviving offspring: O'Connor 1978), POC is expected. At such times parents and the early-hatching “senior” offspring are expected to disagree on the necessity, or at least timing, of the “victim” chick's death. Because that death is promoted directly by the senior chicks and because parents have realistic means of nullifying those efforts, behavioral conflict is expected. I examined the activities of all family members in one siblicidal (great egrets, Casmerodius albus) and one nonsiblicidal brood-reducing species (great blue herons, Ardea herodias) of ardeidae in Texas nesting colonies. Daily mortality rates over two breeding seasons approximated the predicted POC zone for four-chick (“B/4”) heron broods and three-chick (B/3) egret broods. As predicted, egret sibling aggression was significantly lower in two-chick broods. Herons seldom fought, regardless of brood size. Special attention was paid to the egret B/3 data for behavioral manifestations of POC. Parents did not interfere overtly with sibling fights (99.2% of 2,829), but parents seemed to have a subtle mollifying effect on the aggression (fewer “sever” fights occurred when parents were present). Parents showed no favoritism in food distribution to dying victim chicks. The mixed results are consistent with two rather different POC interpretations: (1) that significant conflict exists and the offspring are “winning” or (2) that there is no significant evolutionary conflict. In the latter case, parents are regarded as creating asymmetries among offspring (e.g., via hatch asynchrony), then leaving competition among siblings to run its course without further intervention (“laissezfaire” policy). This view explicitly recognizes that siblicide and other investment-skewing selfish chick behaviors may serve parental interests well-i.e., that equal allocation of resources is not likely to be the parental optimum. Using the relative reproductive values of each nestling as an index of the parent's unequal parental investment optimum produces a closer fit to the observed food distribution skew, but does not resolve the question of whether conflict remains.
Dynamic nuclear polarization of liquid 3He in powered charcoal.

By inducing electronic spin flips in a powdered sucrose charcoal immersed in liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, we have produced a steady-state enhancement of the nuclear polarization in the liquid. In a magnetic field of 182 G and at a temperature of 1.8 K, the maximum positively enhanced polarization was 18% greater than the equilibrium value. Magnetic relaxation times of the liquid are unaffected by the enhancement. The results demonstrate the existence of a magnetic coupling between the liquid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and the charcoal substrate, similar to that found by other investigators for fluorocarbon substrates.
Effect of genetic strain, calcium, and feed withdrawal on growth, tibial dyschondroplasia, plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, and plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in sixteen-day-old chickens.

Four experiments were conducted to study the effects of genetic strain, dietary Ca level, and feed withdrawal on growth, feed efficiency, tibia bone ash, tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3]. Experiment 1 used five strains and Experiments 2 to 4 used three broiler strains. A TD-inducing basal diet was used in each experiment. In Experiment 3, the birds were fed .60 or .95% dietary Ca, and in Experiment 4 the birds were fed the basal diet and were fed or deprived of feed for 8 h daily. In Experiment 1, Athens-Canadian Randombred and Single Comb White Leghorn chicks did not develop TD. In birds fed the basal diet alone, Peterson x Hubbard chicks had a significantly higher incidence of the most severe TD lesion than two other broiler strains in each experiment and were significantly lighter in BW in two of the four experiments. Of the three broiler strains, the incidence and average lesion score of TD was significantly higher in Peterson x Hubbard birds in Experiment 2 and was numerically highest in the other three experiments. In birds fed the basal diet, Peterson x Hubbard birds had significantly higher plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 in two of the four experiments. Both feed deprivation and .95% Ca increased bone ash and decreased the incidence and severity of TD. There were no significant differences in plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 among strains of birds deprived of feed or fed .95% Ca. In three of the four experiments, high plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 in Peterson x Hubbard birds was associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of TD.
A modeling environment for patient portals.

Clinical Information Systems (CIS) are complex environments that integrate information technologies, humans, and patient data. Given the sensitivity of patient data, federal regulations require health care providers to define privacy and security policies and to deploy enforcement technologies. The introduction of model-based design techniques, combined with the development of high-level modeling abstractions and analysis methods, provide a mechanism to investigate these concerns by conceptually simplifying CIS without sacrificing expressive power. This work introduces the Model-based Design Environment for Clinical Information Systems (MODECIS), which is a graphical design environment that assists CIS architects in formalizing systems and services. MODECIS leverages Service-Oriented Architectures to create realistic system models as abstractions. MODECIS enables the analysis of legacy architectures and the design and simulation of future CIS. We present the feasibility of MODECIS by modeling operations, such as user authentication, of MyHealth@Vanderbilt, a real world patient portal in use at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Capture Probability and Survivorship of the Southern Two-Lined Salamander (Eurycea cirrigera) in Drought and Non-Drought Conditions

conditions. We also found that salamander survival was influenced by drought; monthly survivorship decreased from 0.96±0.03 during non-drought conditions to 0.79±0.03 during drought conditions. Our results suggest that drought leads to decreased survivorship of E. cirrigera and the effects of drought on capture probability varies by season. Increased capture probability, especially during the reproductive season, may be a result of salamanders seeking refuge in the stream as opposed to seeking refuge in the adjacent terrestrial environment.
On reliable computation with formal neurons

The authors investigate the computing capabilities of formal McCulloch-Pitts neurons when errors are permitted in decisions. They assume that m decisions are to be made on a randomly specified m set of points in n space and that an error tolerance of epsilon m decision errors is allowed, with 0 >
Automated Identification of LTL Patterns in Natural Language Requirements

Analyzing requirements for consistency and checking them for correctness can require significant effort, particularly if they have not been maintained with a requirements management tool (e.g., DOORS) or specified in a machine-readable notation. By restricting the number of requirements being analyzed, fewer opportunities exist for introducing errors into the analysis. This can be accomplished by subsetting the requirements and analyzing one subset at a time.Previous work showed that simple natural language processing and machine learning techniques can be used to identify temporal requirements within a set of natural language requirements. This paper builds on that work by detailing our results in applying these techniques to a set of natural-language temporal requirements taken from a current JPL mission and determining whether a requirement is one of the most frequently occurring types of temporal requirements.The ability to distinguish between different LTL patterns in natural-language requirements raises the possibility of automating the transformation of natural-language temporal requirements into LTL expressions. This would allow automated consistency checking and tracing of natural-language temporal requirements. Since correctness properties are often specified as LTL expressions, this would also provide a set of correctness properties against which abstract models of the system could be verified.
Deducing the nature of dark matter from direct and indirect detection experiments in the absence of collider signatures of new physics

Despite compelling arguments that significant discoveries of physics beyond the standard model are likely to be made at the Large Hadron Collider, it remains possible that this machine will make no such discoveries, or will make no discoveries directly relevant to the dark matter problem. In this article, we study the ability of astrophysical experiments to deduce the nature of dark matter in such a scenario. In most dark matter studies, the relic abundance and detection prospects are evaluated within the context of some specific particle physics model or models (e.g., supersymmetry). Here, assuming a single weakly interacting massive particle constitutes the Universe's dark matter, we attempt to develop a model-independent approach toward the phenomenology of such particles in the absence of any discoveries at the Large Hadron Collider. In particular, we consider generic fermionic or scalar dark matter particles with a variety of interaction forms, and calculate the corresponding constraints from and sensitivity of direct and indirect detection experiments. The results may provide some guidance in disentangling information from future direct and indirect detection experiments.
Synthesis of 2-D compensators with minimum roundoff noise

A synthesis procedure is developed which yields an optimal 2-D compensator realization that minimizes the output noise power, subject to a scaling condition on the state variables to avoid overflow. The output noise power and the scaling condition are related to two positive definite matrices. Using these matrices, the second-order modes of the compensator are obtained and used to minimize the output noise power. >
Decoding mode-mixing in black-hole merger ringdown

Optimal extraction of information from gravitational-wave observations of binary black-hole coalescences requires detailed knowledge of the waveforms. Current approaches for representing waveform information are based on spin-weighted spherical harmonic decomposition. Higher-order harmonic modes carrying a few percent of the total power output near merger can supply information critical to determining intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the binary. One obstacle to constructing a full multi-mode template of merger waveforms is the apparently complicated behavior of some of these modes; instead of settling down to a simple quasinormal frequency with decaying amplitude, some |m| = modes show periodic bumps characteristic of mode-mixing. We analyze the strongest of these modes the anomalous (3, 2) harmonic mode measured in a set of binary black-hole merger waveform simulations, and show that to leading order, they are due to a mismatch between the spherical harmonic basis used for extraction in 3D numerical relativity simulations, and the spheroidal harmonics adapted to the perturbation theory of Kerr black holes. Other causes of mode-mixing arising from gauge ambiguities and physical properties of the quasinormal ringdown modes are also considered and found to be small for the waveforms studied here.
Primary human mDC1, mDC2, and pDC dendritic cells are differentially infected and activated by respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes recurrent infections throughout life. Vaccine development may depend upon understanding the molecular basis for induction of ineffective immunity. Because dendritic cells (DCs) are critically involved in early responses to infection, their interaction with RSV may determine the immunological outcome of RSV infection. Therefore, we investigated the ability of RSV to infect and activate primary mDCs and pDCs using recombinant RSV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). At a multiplicity of infection of 5, initial studies demonstrated ∼6.8% of mDC1 and ∼0.9% pDCs were infected. We extended these studies to include CD1c−CD141+ mDC2, finding mDC2 infected at similar frequencies as mDC1. Both infected and uninfected cells upregulated phenotypic markers of maturation. Divalent cations were required for infection and maturation, but maturation did not require viral replication. There is evidence that attachment and entry/replication processes exert distinct effects on DC activation. Cell-specific patterns of RSV-induced maturation and cytokine production were detected in mDC1, mDC2, and pDC. We also demonstrate for the first time that RSV induces significant TIMP-2 production in all DC subsets. Defining the influence of RSV on the function of selected DC subsets may improve the likelihood of achieving protective vaccine-induced immunity.
Decision-theoretic case-based reasoning

We describe a decision-theoretic methodology for case-based reasoning in diagnosis and troubleshooting applications. The system utilizes a special-structure Bayesian network to represent diagnostic cases, with nodes representing issues, causes, and symptoms. Dirichlet distributions are assessed at knowledge acquisition time to indicate the strength of relationships between variables. During a diagnosis session, a relevant subnetwork is extracted from a Bayesian-network database that describes a very large number of diagnostic interactions and cases. The constructed network is used to make recommendations regarding possible repairs and additional observations, based on an estimate of expected repair costs. As cases are resolved, observations of issues, causes, symptoms, and the success of repairs are recorded. New variables are added to the database, and the probabilities associated with variables already in the database are updated. In this way, the inferential behavior of system adjusts to the characteristics of the target population of users. We show how these elements work together in a cycle of troubleshooting tasks, and describe some results from a pilot system implementation and deployment.
Campus Buildings & Student Engagement in Institutional Sustainability Efforts

Colleges and universities are presently engaged in efforts to address the environmental impact of their operations, facilities, and activities. In an effort to provide a way for diverse institutions to compare their efforts in a consistent format, a number of publicly accessible self-reporting systems have emerged since 2006. This paper reviews self-reported sustainability data related to green building and student engagement activities submitted by a sample of 55 institutions that participate in three reporting systems: STARS, ACUPCC, and The College Sustainability Report Card. The objective is to determine the range of approaches across campuses, the usefulness of the data in revealing campus efforts, and unique approaches. Findings suggest that campuses vary widely in enrollments, size of building area, and energy usage, but employ many of the same green building standards and student engagement strategies. Nevertheless, the limitations inherent with the use of self-reported data are addressed.
Integrating change management and change auditing into information technology consulting practice

IT consulting firms develop consulting methodology to standardise their consulting practice and to ensure the quality of their consulting work. Consulting firms may implement their consulting methodologies through either procedures, methods or procedures and methods combined approach. This study surveyed the contents from websites of 64 IT consulting companies and further compared and analysed a variety of consulting methodologies offered in the IT consulting industry. IS consulting projects may face unexpected demand for changes during their working period. For these reasons, change management becomes a needed endeavour to IS consulting practice. Changes occurred in project period cause risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainty can be monitored and controlled through implementing suitable change management and change auditing processes. This paper discusses various stages and activities of implementing change management and change auditing during IS consulting practice. Integrating change management and change auditing into consulting firm's methodology would enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of consulting practice.
A circuit level fault model for resistive shorts of MOS gate oxide

Previous researchers in logic testing focused on shorts in MOS gate oxides that have zero-resistance. However, most shorts are resistive and may cause delay faults. In this paper, we propose a simple and realistic delay fault model for gate oxide shorts. A reasonably accurate method is proposed to compute delay change due to resistive shorts. We also enumerate all possible fault behaviors and present the relationship between input patterns and output behaviors, which is useful in ATPG.
Three-dimensional models for head and neck tumor treatment planning

The authors have evaluated two types of practical maxillofacial model systems useful to the head and neck surgeon: 1. plastic mandibular model generated by three-dimensional computerized tomography (CT) reconstruction, and 2. dental impression model of the maxilla. The first model is expensive and technology intensive; the second is simple but limited. Both three-dimensional models offer several advantages: 1. they provide segmental mandibular relationships that are not known because of oncologic restrictions or previous surgery; 2. they allow preoperative reconstructive planning including prosthesis fabrication and visualization of tumor extent not obvious by two dimensional imaging; and 3. they provide a permanent record for future needs or reconstructions
Array imaging with beam-steered data

The author presents a system model and inversion for the beam-steered data obtained by linearly varying the relative phase among the elements of an array, also known as phased array scan data. The system model and inversion incorporate the radiation pattern of the array's elements. The inversion method utilizes the time samples of the echoed signals for each scan angle instead of range focusing. It is shown that the temporal Fourier transform of the phased array scan data provides the distribution of the spatial Fourier transform of the reflectivity function for the medium to be imaged. The extent of this coverage is related to the array's length and the temporal frequency bandwidth of the transmitted pulsed signal. Sampling constraints and reconstruction procedure for the imaging system are discussed. It is shown that the imaging information obtained by the inversion of phased array scan data is equivalent to the image reconstructed from its synthesized array counterpart. >
Contralateral limb during total contact casting. A dynamic pressure and thermometric analysis

The authors draw attention to the importance of evaluation of the contralateral limb when treating unilateral sequelae secondary to distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Plantar pressure measurements of the contralateral limb during total contact casting are reviewed. The results of thermometric evaluation before and after initiation of repetitive stress were reviewed. The results suggest that the patient walking in a total contact cast may experience a reduced focal pressure on the contralateral limb when compared with uncasted walking and three-point walking with crutches. Dermal thermometry may be a highly sensitive tool in evaluating even mild increases in repetitive stress. To explain this decrease in contralateral stress, the authors examine the features inherent to the total contact cast and propose the concept of proprioceptive stability.
Inhibition of Aurora-A kinase induces cell cycle arrest in epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells by affecting NFĸB pathway.

Recurrent ovarian cancer is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A sub-population of ovarian cancer cells, the epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells (EOC stem cells) have stemness properties, constitutive NFκB activity, and represent the chemoresistant population. Currently, there is no effective treatment that targets these cells. Aurora-A kinase (Aurora-A) is associated with tumor initiation and progression and is overexpressed in numerous malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Aurora-A inhibition in EOC stem cells. EOC stem cells were treated with the Aurora-A inhibitor, MK-5108. Cell growth was monitored by Incucyte real-time imaging system, cell viability was measured using the Celltiter 96 assay and cytokine levels were quantified using xMAP technology. The intracellular changes associated with MK-5108 treatment are: (1) polyploidy and cell cycle arrest; (2) inhibition of NFκB activity; (3) decreased cytokine production; and (4) nuclear accumulation of IκBα. Thus, inhibi...
Care-Related Preferences and Values of Elderly Community-Based LTC Consumers: Can Case Managers Learn What's Important to Clients?

This article describes the development and implementation of a brief values assessment protocol to be used by case managers working in community-based long-term care (LTC) for the elderly and presents data on the values and preferences of 790 LTC clients at two locations. The importance that clients placed on selected issues related to their care (e.g., privacy, daily routines, activities, involvement of family in care, the trade-off between freedom and safety) varied as did the specific content of those issues. Associations were found between the content and strength of preferences. The work has implications for research and practice.
Enriching comprehension: A schema altered basal reading lesson

Abstract This study examined whether altering the sequence of the traditional basal reading lesson would increase comprehension of text read. Enrichment activities, usually presented last, were moved to the initial position in the lesson sequence so that schema germane to the central concept of the text were elicited, or built, prior to reading. Forty‐five subjects, grades one through five, were matched by reading level, age, and sex. Within each reading level, one group was taught three stories using the traditional format while the other group was taught the same three stories using the altered format. After reading a story, subjects responded to comprehension questions taken directly from the basal manuals. Altered format subjects correctly answered 71% of the comprehension questions whereas traditional format subjects correctly answered only 58%. Analysis of variance showed this difference to be statistically significant at the .01 level. Data supports the validity of schema theory and the practicalit...
Towards Overcoming the Guitar's Color Research Gap

Most (classical) guitar music comes from guitarist-composers. Yet according to guitarists who collaborate with composers, color research on this instrument is better achieved by those who do not play the instrument. Thus the guitar lags behind many instruments in regard to color research. Various reasons can be faulted for the tendency of non-guitarist composers to avoid the instrument. Examples of such reasons may be: the difficulty to write for the instrument, and its weak projection and lack of sustain, all of which are intrinsic to the guitar. This is, however, not the case of the paradigmatic sound for which the instrument is also dismissed, which is rather the legacy of the conservative guitarist Andres Segovia, who was one of the main promoters of the guitar in the twentieth century. When composers dismiss the guitar for being difficult to write for, collaboration with guitarists has proven fruitful. Given that Segovia's conservatism still prevails among many guitarists, if the sonorous possibilities of the instrument are to be expanded, it is essential that the guitarist is adventurous and has a good arsenal of techniques. New color-research results could entice composers dismissing the guitar for its limitations or its paradigmatic sound to reconsider composing for the instrument. The amplification of sounds with low intensity can be a useful tool to obtain new colors. However, sounds arising from conventional instruments require some caution. It is important to introduce novelty in order to avoid connotation with their respective non-amplified instrument. The technique of multiphonics, which produces sounds of unusual colors, is believed to be a suitable tool when the guitar is amplified with close microphone placement . Through making audible the sounds' components of a lower intensity, this situation would reveal to the audience colors otherwise only heard by the guitarist.
Cost of Subsidence to the Central Valley Project, California

Land subsidence that is related to human activity rapidly spreads with increasing population and improving technology. Several types of subsidence (due to decline of water levels, extraction of oil and gas, oxidation of peaty sediments and hydrocompaction) exist in California, which is both, highly agriculturally and industrially developed, and the most populated state in the USA. For Federal Central Valley Project canals in the state the approximate cost of design modifications and rehabilitation due to subsidence amounts to some $41 million.
Population Dynamics of the Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer, Agromyza frontella, and its Influence on Alfalfa Yield in Massachusetts

The population dynamics of the alfalfa blotch leafminer (ABL), Agromyza frontella (Rondani) (Agromyzidae: Diptera), were studied on Saranac AR alfalfa in western Massachusetts, 1976–1978. Three complete ABL larval generations and a partial fourth occurred in early June, mid-July, mid-August, and late September, respectively. Weekly sampling adequately tracked ABL population trends but was insufficient for detecting first presence of adult and early mine life stages. An average accumulation of 476 thermal heat units, base 6.8°C, was necessary for the completion of one generation. Evidence was obtained that postponement of the first two harvests until after egg deposition by the second and third ABL generation, respectively, reduced densities of later ABL life stages, although this practice may result in a substandard crop quality. The effectiveness of early harvest as a cultural control depends on timing it before development of 3rd instars. Leaflets infested with blotch mines contained 13.8% less crude protein than uninfested leaflets.
A monoclonal natural human IgM protects axons in the absence of remyelination.

Whereas demyelination underlies early neurological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), axonal damage is considered critical for permanent chronic deficits. Intracerebral infection of susceptible mouse strains with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in chronic induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) with progressive axonal loss and neurologic dysfunction similar to progressive forms of MS. We previously reported that treatment of chronic TMEV-IDD mice with a neurite outgrowth-promoting natural human antibody, HIgM12, improved brainstem NAA concentrations and preserved functional motor activity. In order to translate this antibody toward clinical trial, we generated a fully human recombinant form of HIgM12, rHIgM12, determined the optimal in vivo dose for functional improvement in TMEV-IDD, and evaluated the functional preservation of descending spinal cord axons by retrograde labeling. SJL/J mice at 45 to 90 days post infection (dpi) were studied. A single intraperitoneal dose of 0.25 mg/kg of rHIgM12 per mouse is sufficient to preserve motor function in TMEV-IDD. The optimal dose was 10 mg/kg. rHIgM12 treatment protected the functional transport in spinal cord axons and led to 40 % more Fluoro-Gold-labeled brainstem neurons in retrograde transport studies. This suggests that axons are not only present but also functionally competent. rHIgM12-treated mice also contained more mid-thoracic (T6) spinal cord axons than controls. This study confirms that a fully human recombinant neurite outgrowth-promoting monoclonal IgM is therapeutic in a model of progressive MS using multiple reparative readouts. The minimum effective dose is similar to that of a remyelination-promoting monoclonal human IgM discovered by our group that is presently in clinical trials for MS.
Analysis of HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Guangzhou from 2000 to 2010

Objective To understand the trend and characteristics of HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men(MSM) and to provide evidence for developing policies and measures for HIV / AIDS prevention and control. Method Data from HIV / AIDS case report, serological cross-sectional survey,incidence cohort, molecular biology survey, and epidemic estimation among MSM in Guangzhou from 2000 to 2010, were collected and analyzed. Results The first MSM case was reported in 2000.The number of reported HIV / AIDS cases among MSM had grown up and the proportion of MSM case was increased obviously by year since 2008. The prevalence of HIV among MSM was on the rise from 2003 to 2010,and the incidence rate of HIV was 3.2 per 100 person-year in the cohort study.Drug-resistant strains were detected from serum samples of infected MSM.The estimated number of infected MSM in Guangzhou was about 1 666. Conclusion There is a rapid increase epidemic of HIV / AIDS among MSM from 2000 to 2010 in Guangzhou.Voluntary counseling and testing, and positive prevention should be enhanced to detect infected people and to reduce secondary transmission.
Unit Commitment in Power Systems with Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Introducing large-scale plug-in electric vehicle(PEV) into a power system would produce extensive impacts on power system planning,operation as well as electricity market development.Hence,it appears necessary to properly control the PEV charging and discharging behaviors.A new unit commitment model and a solving approach are developed with the optimal PEV charging and discharging controls taken into account,and the objective is to minimize a combination of the operating cost as well as CO2 emission amount of generators.A 10-unit 24-hour unit commitment problem is employed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the developed model and approach,and the impacts of the wide applications of PEV on the operating costs as well as the emission amounts of the power system examined.In addition,the impacts of different PEV penetration levels in the power system and different PEV charging modes,i.e.fully controlled charging mode,uncontrolled charging mode,delayed charging mode and continuous charging mode,on the results of the unit commitment problem are investigated. This work is supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higer Education(No.200805610020) and a project from Jiangxi Power Company.
Study on the iron deficient anemia status and influencing factors among infants aged 6～24 months

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of iron deficient anemia(IDA)among infants aged 6～24months. Methods 416infants aged 6～24months and their parents were recruited.The hemoglobin levels of infants were measured and the questionnaires to their parents were used for data collection.Multifactor logistic regression analysis was conducted to screening the mainly factors of the IDA. Results The total prevalence of anemia was 23.32%. Seven factors,including complementary feeding time,late gestation anemia of mother,add iron-rich foods,the nutritional status of lactating mother,economic status,education level of mothers,and the frequency of health education were the main influencing factors of iron deficient anemia. Conclusion We should take some measures,such as health education to scientific feeding,reasonable to add complementary,and advocates of iron fortified soy sauce,to reduce infant IDA prevalence rate in the areas with poor local economic conditions and to the parents with poor education level.
Menstrual History of Young Women Exposed in Utero to Diethylstilbestrol

The menstrual histories of 218 patients exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES) were compared with those of 158 control subjects. No significant differences were revealed in the complaint of menstrual irregularities at either the initial or follow-up examination. Age at menarche was the same in both groups, and was the same as found in the United States as a whole. These findings differ from the report of a controlled trial in Chicago which suggests that there is a specific pattern of oligomenorrhea associated with DES exposure.