cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case of Delayed Post-Hypoxic Leukoencephalopathy Masquerading as a Primary Psychiatric Disorder (P1.155)

Objective: We describe a case of delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) in the setting of substance overdose and hypoxic brain injury, presenting as a primary psychiatric manifestation. Background: DPHL is a rare and under-recognized white-matter demyelinating syndrome characterized by acute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms days to weeks following a period of cerebral hypo-oxygenation. Diffuse and confluent white matter changes are present on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) particularly in the region of the centrum semiovale. DPHL can be diagnosed when the clinical history of neurological deterioration caused by an initial hypoxic event is followed by subsequent improvement to baseline, and then a relapse 1 – 4 weeks after the improvement occurs, along with characteristic imaging findings. Myelin basic protein (MBP), a marker of acute demyelination, can be valuable when considering suspected DPHL. Design/Methods: Case report and Literature review. Results: A 52-year-old female presented 2 weeks after she was discharged from the hospital for substance overdose associated hypoxic cerebral injury, with psychomotor retardation, bizarre behavior and loss of execute functioning. Neurological examination was notable for changes in mentation and was otherwise normal. Extensive workup, including infectious, metabolic, rheumatologic panels and drug screens was negative. MRI showed diffuse and confluent white matter changes sparing cerebellar and brainstem tracts, without gyral edema or contrast enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid testing showed normal cell counts, glucose and protein, and elevated MBP at 20.98. The patient’s clinical presentation, characteristic imaging findings, elevated MBP and negative workup for other possible causes are most consistent with DPHL. Conclusions: Though rare, DPHL should be considered as a diagnosis when neuropsychiatric symptoms appear days to weeks after a hypoxic event. This is a unique case of DPHL that presented as an exclusive psychiatric manifestation. Although, treatment is mainly supportive, prompt recognition of DPHL, could negate extensive investigations and lead to better utilization of health resources. Disclosure: Dr. Jillella has nothing to disclose. Dr. Herrera has nothing to disclose. Dr. Deligtisch has nothing to disclose.
Orbital Circularization in Binaries with A-Type Primary Stars

It has long been recognized that tidal interaction between the components of close binaries will tend to circularize their orbits (e.g., Darwin 1879; Zahn 1977). In fact observations show an abundance of circular orbits in binaries with periods of days. However, the dissipation mechanism required for circularization, the timescales involved, and the dependence on period, mass, evolutionary state, and initial eccentricity of the system remain subjects of debate. Circularization theories such as Zahn (1977) state that circularization in binaries where at least one component possesses a convective envelope is much more efficient than in binaries where both stars have radiative envelopes. Giuiricin et al . (1984; GMM) studied the period-eccentricity distribution of O-, B- and A-type binaries and argued that the observations were consistent with Zahn’s theory for radiative envelopes. But recently, Tassoul (1988) has presented an alternative circularization theory with similarly efficient circularization in radiative- and convective-envelope binaries. In addition, period-eccentricity distributions for many samples of main-sequence convective-envelope binaries are now available. Here we reconsider the observed short-period eccentricity distribution of radiative-envelope binaries in light of these new observations and theory. Specifically, we investigate the period-eccentricity distribution of a sample of binaries with A-type primary stars.
Maltreatment and Behavioral Characteristics of Youth Who Are Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing

This paper summarizes the available literature on child abuse and neglect among children with disabilities in general and considers children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing within this larger rubric given the low prevalence rates of children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing among the disabled population. This procedure allows for comparisons between disabilities as well as abused and non-abused children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing. Maltreatment data on children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing in a large epidemiological study of the prevalence of child maltreatment among children with disabilities are summarized. Children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing comprised 6.1% of the disabled population who were identified as victims of maltreatment. Their most prevalent form of maltreatment was neglect, followed by physical abuse and sexual abuse. Although children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing are significantly more likely to be maltreated by immediate family members, placement in a residential school is a risk factor for sexual and physical abuse. Maltreated children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing exhibit significantly more behavior problems including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder related behaviors than nonmaltreated peers.
Theoretical VS Actual Indicator-Concentration-Time Curves in Parabolic Flow Model

Function of the capacitance vessels in a vascular bed (as contrasted to the resistance vessels) can be evaluated from the mean transit time \(\left( {\overline T } \right)\) and intravascular volume (Q), where Q=\(\left( {\overline T } \right)\) · \(\dot Q\) (\(\dot Q\)=flow). \(\left( {\overline T } \right)\) and \(\dot Q\), theoretically, can be computed from indicator-concentration-time curves recorded at the outflow from a vascular bed following injection of an indicator into the inflowing stream. GONZALES-FERNANDEZ (GF) (Circulat. Res. 10, 409, 1962 — Eq. 4.14) derived an equation which describes the time course of indicator concentration for parabolic flow in a long straight tube. MALINDZAK et al. (BMES Absts., 1971) demonstrated that infinite time \(\left( {t = \infty } \right)\)) is required to obtain correct computed values of \(\left( {\overline T } \right)\) and \(\dot Q\)from this relationship. At t the correct values. In a physical model the observed appearance time (ta) was correct but computed \((\bar T)\) was > and \(\dot Q\) the correct values, and the time to maximum concentration (tmax) was > that specified by the GF relationship. Correct values could be approximated only by limiting t to a value <<∞. Preliminary studies suggest at least two causes for the discrepancy between theory and observation: a) “hang up” of the indicator at injection site due, in part, to the design of the injection site mixer (used to obtain flow tagging), and b) continuous washout of indicator from the injection port.
Brightness Temperature Calculation and Uncertainty Propagation for Conical Microwave Blackbody Targets

We discuss the analytical derivation of the absolute brightness temperature uncertainty of a hollow conical blackbody source for radiometer calibration. We introduce a Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation analysis method to quantify uncertainty contributions from nonideal emissivity, physical temperature, and antenna pattern, which are the three major factors contributing to the uncertainty of the brightness temperature radiation from the source. The low reflectance of the hollow conical geometry depends on multiple bounces on the absorber surface. To quantify total brightness temperature over a nonuniform temperature surface, each individual bounce must be considered. We derive a recursive analytical relationship to quantify this multiple-bounce effect as a function of a view angle. The resulting effective blackbody brightness temperature uncertainty is a function of frequency, temperature, antenna pattern, measurement distance, and the measurement environment. We also propagate the uncertainty to the antenna flange of a radiometer viewing the conical blackbody. This includes additional effects, such as spillover, illumination efficiency, and antenna efficiency. We demonstrate the propagation method with an example case. We use fictional input values to investigate the response of the uncertainty to input variables and distance. We find that as the distance between antenna and blackbody increases, the uncertainty due to spillover dominates, but at close distances, the dominant uncertainty contributor is linked to the physical temperature of the absorber.
Results of Cloud Seeding in Central Arizona, Winter 1951 *

Cloud seeding operations took place over a 10,000 square mile area in Central Arizona during the first four months of the winter of 1951. The natural precipitation for these months in this area was...
Automatically Generated Curriculum based Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Environment

We address the problem of learning autonomous driving behaviors in urban intersections using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). DRL has become a popular choice for creating autonomous agents due to its success in various tasks. However, as the problems tackled become more complex, the number of training iterations necessary increase drastically. Curriculum learning has been shown to reduce the required training time and improve the performance of the agent, but creating an optimal curriculum often requires human handcrafting. In this work, we learn a policy for urban intersection crossing using DRL and introduce a method to automatically generate the curriculum for the training process from a candidate set of tasks. We compare the performance of the automatically generated curriculum (AGC) training to those of randomly generated sequences and show that AGC can significantly reduce the training time while achieving similar or better performance.
Risk of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected persons with syphilis lacking signs or symptoms of central nervous system infection

Objectives People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of asymptomatic neurosyphilis; thus, it has been common practice to perform a lumbar puncture (LP) in all PLWH presenting with syphilis regardless of stage, signs or symptoms. However, this practice varies widely among clinicians. Our objective was to elucidate the number of LPs required to diagnose a single case of asymptomatic neurosyphilis. Methods We performed an electronic health record (EHR) review of PLWH who were diagnosed with syphilis of any stage over a 10-year period. EHRs were reviewed to determine the number of subjects who had an LP performed, what proportion had neurological signs or symptoms, and whether a diagnosis of neurosyphilis was made at presentation or follow-up. Results In 261 separate episodes of syphilis in 230 subjects, we found the major risk factors for asymptomatic neurosyphilis to be low CD4 T-cell count (P = 0.0007), high rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titre (P = 0.019) and lack of HIV virological suppression (P = 0.003). The majority of our subjects (78%) with neurosyphilis presented with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. We estimate, if standard practice is to perform LP in all patients, that the number needed to test (NNTT) = 38. Conclusions This large number of potentially unnecessary LPs, along with heterogeneity of presentation, and the never-nil risk of asymptomatic neurosyphilis should be incorporated into clinical decision-making. The majority of PLWH presenting with a serological diagnosis of syphilis, but no neurological signs or symptoms, do not necessarily require an LP for an evaluation of asymptomatic neurosyphilis.
Brief communication: PICOP, a new ocean melt parameterization under ice shelves combining PICO and a plume model

Abstract. Basal melting at the bottom of Antarctic ice shelves is a major control on glacier dynamics, as it modulates the amount of buttressing that floating ice shelves exert onto the ice streams feeding them. Three-dimensional ocean circulation numerical models provide reliable estimates of basal melt rates but remain too computationally expensive for century-scale projections. Ice sheet modelers therefore routinely rely on simplified parameterizations based on either ice shelf depth or more sophisticated box models. However, existing parameterizations do not accurately resolve the complex spatial patterns of sub-shelf melt rates that have been observed over Antarctica's ice shelves, especially in the vicinity of the grounding line, where basal melting is one of the primary drivers of grounding line migration. In this study, we couple the Potsdam Ice-shelf Cavity mOdel (PICO, Reese et al. , 2018 ) to a buoyant plume melt rate parameterization ( Lazeroms et al. , 2018 ) to create PICOP, a novel basal melt rate parameterization that is easy to implement in transient ice sheet numerical models and produces a melt rate field that is in excellent agreement with the spatial distribution and magnitude of observations for several ocean basins. We test PICOP on the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica, Totten, and Moscow University ice shelves in East Antarctica and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf and compare the results to PICO. We find that PICOP is able to reproduce inferred high melt rates beneath Pine Island, Thwaites, and Totten glaciers (on the order of 100 m yr −1 ) and removes the “banding” pattern observed in melt rates produced by PICO over the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. PICOP resolves many of the issues contemporary basal melt rate parameterizations face and is therefore a valuable tool for those looking to make future projections of Antarctic glaciers.
Continuing and Expanding the Multicultural Social Justice Leadership Conversation: An Introduction to the Special Issue of the Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology on the 2010 Multicultural Social Justice Leadership Development Academy

This paper provides a historical background and review of the literature on intergroup dialogues, with a focus on community-engaged dialogues. The authors illustrate the format, purpose, and community factors involved in the Day of Dialogue (DOD), an intergroup community dialogue series. An expansion of Zuniga and Nagda’s (2001) stages of intergroup dialogue is used to critically examine dialogue issues and provide a structure for culturally appropriate, community-engaged implementation. Lessons learned from three years of DOD implementation are provided, including the following themes: Balancing process and content, maintaining flexibility, defining roles, identifying biases, identifying/engaging key players, allowing voices to be heard, mindfulness toward environment/structure, and promoting movement towards action. Concrete suggestions to guide future practice around creating effective, culturally appropriate, and community-engaged dialogues, as well as effectively empowering communities and fostering social change, will be discussed.
Full-Sky Lensing Reconstruction of 21 cm Intensity Maps

Weak gravitational lensing of the 21 cm radiation is expected to be an important cosmological probe for post-reionization physics. We investigate the reconstruction of the matter density perturbations using a quadratic minimum variance estimator. The next generation of line intensity mapping (LIM) surveys such as HIRAX and CHIME will cover a larger sky fraction, which requires one to account for the curvature in the sky. Thus, we extend the plane-parallel flat-sky formalism for lensing reconstruction to account for a full-sky survey using the Spherical Fourier-Bessel (SFB) expansion. Using the HIRAX 21 cm survey as a basis, we make predictions for lensing-reconstruction noise in our formalism and compare our results with the predictions from the plane-parallel formalism. We find agreement with the plane-parallel noise power spectrum at small scales and a significant deviation at scales $L\lesssim \ell_{\rm res}-k_{\rm eq}R$ where $R$ is the radius of the shell volume, $k_{\rm eq}$ is the wavenumber for matter-radiation equality, and $\ell_{\rm res}$ is the angular resolution scale. Furthermore, we derive the SFB flat-sky reconstruction noise and compare it with the full-sky SFB case as well as the plane-parallel case, finding minor deviations from the full-sky noise due to sphericity. We also determine that, in the absence of non-Gaussian statistics of the intensity field but accounting for foregrounds, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for $C_\ell^{\phi\phi}$ using our SFB estimator increases by 107%. This shows that accounting for the curved sky in LIM weak lensing will be crucial for large-scale cosmology.
Redundant: A case of complicated dolichocolon in a neonate

Dolichocolon has been described as a developmental variant and is characterized by redundancy of the colon. Diagnosis is based off clinical symptoms and barium enema or CT-colonography. This redundancy is often seen in the adult and elderly population, with pediatric prevalence limited to case reports. Information regarding radiologic evaluation is limited, as most cases are documented outside of the radiology literature. This case report demonstrates a complex course of transient symptoms of constipation, obstruction, and suspected volvulus in a 1-month-old with dolichocolon. A retrospective review of the images offers insight into gaining suspicion of this variant in radiographs and fluoroscopic exams.
Modeling and control of lift offset coaxial and tiltrotor rotorcraft

The US Department of Defense has established an initiative to develop a family of next-generation vertical lift aircraft that will fly farther, faster, and more efficiently than the current fleet of rotorcraft. To accomplish these goals, advanced rotorcraft configurations beyond the single main rotor/tail rotor design must be considered. Two advanced configurations currently being flight tested are a lift offset coaxial rotorcraft with a pusher propeller and a tiltrotor. The US Army Aviation Development Directorate has developed generic, high-fidelity flight-dynamics models of these two configurations to provide the government with independent control-system design, handling-qualities analysis, and simulation research capabilities for these types of aircraft. This paper describes the modeling approach used and provides model trim data, linearized stability and control derivatives, and eigenvalues as a function of airspeed. In addition, control allocation for both configurations is discussed.
A SIMPLE ANALOG COMPUTER FOR DETERMINATION OF THE LAPLACIAN OF A MAPPED QUANTITY

The determination of the LaPlacian of a mapped quantity, such as the geostrophic vorticity, is an important but a time consuming process. The common procedure involves a number of interpolations and an algebraic computation for each point at which the evaluation is made. A device is presented in which the slow process of interpolation is replaced by the faster and more reliable process of measurement of distance between isopleths of the mapped quantity, and the algebraic calculation is replaced by the rapid, automatic operation of a DC analog computer. The numerical result is presented as the deflection of a millivoltmeter. In practice the use of this computer proves to be a rapid, reproducible, sufficiently accurate means of determining the geostrophic vorticity from an analysis of the contours of an isobaric surface.
Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy

The monumental changes brought on by the rise of the sharing economy demand attention by those studying inequality, technology, and the ever-mounting risk shift onto American workers. The sharing o...
Shared loci of telomere length with brain morphology, and pleiotropy in transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of brain

Premature shortening of telomere length is observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. We tested genetic colocalization of seven and nine leukocyte telomere length (LTL) loci in two ancestry groups, European (EUR) and East-Asian (EAS), respectively (total n=60,601) with brain morphology measures for 101 region-of-interests (ROI) (n=21,821). The posterior probability (>90%) was observed for fourth ventricle, gray matter and cerebellar vermal lobules I-IV volumes. We found regulatory genes (p ≤ 2.47 x10-6) by integrating transcriptomic (EAS=4;EUR=5) and methylation data (EUR=17; EAS=4) of brain tissues using Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR). The LTL SNP associations were tested for brain-based chromatin profiles using H-MAGMA (EUR=50; EAS=97; p
Association of cardiovascular disease and traditional cardiovascular risk factors with the incidence of dementia among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of dementia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 65 years and older, and compare the incidence of dementia in patients with RA with prevalent cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD), CV risk factors but no prevalent CVD and neither (referent group). Methods We analyzed claims data from the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) from 2006–2014. Eligibility criteria included continuous medical and pharmacy coverage for ≥ 12 months (baseline period 2006), > 2 RA diagnoses by a rheumatologist and at least 1 medication for RA. CVD and CV risk factors were identified using codes from the Chronic Condition Data Warehouse. Incident dementia was defined by 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims, or one dementia specific medication. Age-adjusted incident rates were calculated within each age strata. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results Among 56,567 patients with RA, 11,789 (20.1%) incident cases of dementia were included in the main analysis. Age adjusted incident rates were high among all groups and increased with age. After adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities and baseline CV and RA medications, patients with CVD and CV risk factors between 65 and 74 years had an increased risk for incident dementia compared to those without CVD and without CV risk factors (HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.04–1.33) and HR 1.03 (95% CI 1.00–1.11), respectively). We observed a trend towards increased risk in patients between 75 and 84 years with CVD at baseline. Conclusion Patients with RA with both CVD and CV risk factors alone are at an increased risk for dementia compared to those with neither CVD nor CV risk factors; however, this risk is attenuated with increasing age. The impact of RA treatment and CV primary prevention strategies in the prevention of dementia in patients with RA warrants further studies.
Pathogenicity and Virulence of Legionella: Intracellular replication and host response

Bacteria of the genus Legionella are natural pathogens of amoebae that can cause a severe pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires' Disease. Human disease results from inhalation of Legionella-contaminated aerosols and subsequent bacterial replication within alveolar macrophages. Legionella pathogenicity in humans has resulted from extensive co-evolution with diverse genera of amoebae. To replicate intracellularly, Legionella generates a replication-permissive compartment called the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) through the concerted action of hundreds of Dot/Icm-translocated effector proteins. In this review, we present a collective overview of Legionella pathogenicity including infection mechanisms, secretion systems, and translocated effector function. We also discuss innate and adaptive immune responses to L. pneumophila, the implications of Legionella genome diversity and future avenues for the field.
Impact of Plans of Safe Care on Prenatally Substance Exposed Infants.

Objective To assess the impact of recent federal statute changes mandating child welfare-based Plan of Safe Care (POSC) supportive programming and community-based linkages to treatment providers, resources, and services for families of infants affected by prenatal substance exposure (IPSE). Study design Retrospective review of Delaware’s statewide child welfare case registry data for IPSE birth notifications and subsequent hotline reports for serious physical injury/fatality concerns from 11/1/2018–10/31/20. Abstracted variables included IPSE sex, substance exposure type, family characteristics (maternal personal child welfare history or mental health diagnosis, treatment engagement), and POSC referrals. Results Of 1436 IPSE, 1347 (93.8%) had POSC support. Most IPSE (67.2%) had exposure to single substance types prenatally. Nearly 90% avoided out-of-home placement. Nearly one-fourth of mothers delivered a prior IPSE; 40% of mothers had personal histories of childhood protective services involvement. Also, 43.5% of mothers and 9.1% of fathers were referred to community-based resources, including substance use, mental health treatment, parenting classes, and home visiting nursing. Nearly 58% of IPSE were referred for pediatric/developmental assessment. Notably, 0.82% (11/1347) of IPSE with POSC sustained serious physical or fatal injury. Conclusions Plans of Safe Care promote supportive, potentially protective linkages to community-based programming for IPSE and their families.
Assessing the Use of Prescription Drugs in Obese Respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Introduction: Obesity is a common disease and a known risk factor for many other conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Treatment options for obesity include lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions such as bariatric surgery. In this study, we examine the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements by the individuals with obesity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data 2003-2014. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the correlations of demographics and obesity status with the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplement use. We also built machine learning models to predict prescription drug and dietary supplement use using demographic data and obesity status. Results: Individuals with obesity are more likely to take cardiovascular agents (OR=1.265, 95% CI 1.222-1.311) and metabolic agents (OR=1.398, 95% CI 1.343-1.456) than individuals without obesity. The best performing prediction model for predicting prescription drugs had the accuracy of 74.5% and the AUROC of 0.817. Conclusions: This study can inform clinical practice and patient education of the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements and their correlation with obesity.
Quantificational Tense Logics

In this section and the next we shall investigate tense logics which are based on quantificational logics. The first of these bases, called Q, is the classical theory of quantification. The others, Q* and QQ**, are free quantification theories which permit some of the individual constants (= free individual variables) to be non-designating.1
Cryo-EM structure of the bacteriophage T4 portal protein assembly at near-atomic resolution

Tailed bacteriophages translocate the genome into and out of the capsid through a portal protein assembly located between the phage s head and tail. Here Sun et al. provide a cryo-EM structure of the bacteriophage T4 portal protein assembly, suggesting the functions and evolution of the portal structure.
Changing population weights in a decomposable poverty index

A distribution-sensitive poverty measure developed by Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke has several characteristics which strongly recommend its use in applied poverty analysis. This article expands its usefulness by deriving an analytical expression that exactly decomposes a change in the index into: 1) growth due to population-share changes; and, 2) growth due to within-group poverty changes. It also adjusts the basic index to allow for multiple poverty lines, as are used in the United States. The theoretical framework is applied to Current Population Survey data to examine how U.S. population-share changes in industry, race, and family-structure categories have contributed to growth in the index between 1979 and 1996. The effects of these structural shifts have been a special concern to policy makers throughout the past decade. Resulting computations indicate that these share changes have played only a minor role. Most of index’s growth instead stems from within-group poverty increases.
Vitamin E Deficiency in the Rat III. THE RELATIONSHIP OF NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE TO RESPIRATORY DECLINE

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine which of the required factors for β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity becomes limiting when vitamin E-deficient liver homogenates or combinations of mitochondria and microsomes from the livers of either vitamin E-deficient or vitamin E-supplemented rats oxidize β-hydroxybutyrate. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was the only one of the required cofactors which was effective in restoring β-hydroxybutyrate oxidation in both vitamin E-deficient homogenates and in all combinations of mitochondria and microsomes. An initial concentration of 3 mm NAD delayed the onset of decline in oxidation by combinations of mitochondria and microsomes beyond that observed with an initial NAD concentration of 1 mm. The delaying effect due to extra NAD was more pronounced in the combination of vitamin E-supplemented mitochondria and microsomes. NADase activity was highest when microsomes of either type were present, although this activity was not always correlated with respiratory decline. However, the addition of nicotinamide, an inhibitor of NADase, prevented the microsomal-induced decline in oxidation. A study of the effect of pH on inhibitory activity revealed enhanced inhibition as the pH was lowered from 7.5 to 6.8. It is suggested that the microsomal inhibitor is the enzyme NADase and that it is mainly responsible for the respiratory decline. However, supernatant factors can prevent respiratory decline when E-supplemented microsomes are present even though the NAD concentration is quite low. An additional effect of E-deficient microsomes, which is closely related to NAD function, is possible.
Superconductivity and hysteresis in indium-cadmium alloys. I. Primary properties

Abstract The magnetization curves of the fcc phase of Cd in In are discussed from the point of view of secondary superconducting characteristics. These include the critical fields H c 1 and H c 2 , and the Ginzburg-Landau parameters x 1 , x 2 , etc . Since the data showed some degree of hysteresis, the forward and reverse curves were reduced to a “reversible” curve using a theory of Inhaber. In a variety of ways, the agreement with established theory is better for the “reversible” curves than the forward irreversible curve. For example, the theoretical and experimental values of the lower critical field H c 1 ( t ) converge as t → 1, whereas the irreversible values do not. It is concluded that unless magnetization data are extremely reversible, corrections are necessary in order to make a valid comparison with theory.
Barbiturates and human physical aggression

Abstract The effects of barbiturates on aggressive behavior were investigated in two studies. In both studies, subjects were given the opportunity to administer electric shocks to an opponent within the context of a competitive reaction time task. In Study 1, 30 subjects received increasing provocation from an opponent following their ingestion of one of three doses of secobarbital. Aggressive behavior was not found to increase as a function of drug dosage. In Study 2, 30 subjects ingested a placebo or one of two doses of pentobarbital. Once again, the barbiturate did not influence aggressive responding. The findings suggest that barbiturates, in moderate, clinically appropriate doses do not facilitate aggressive responding.
Evolutionary conservation of linkage groups: Additional evidence from murid and cricetid rodents

In Mus musculus, family Muridae, the glucosephosphate isomerase (Gpi-1), pink-eyed dilution (p), albinism (c), and β-type globin (Hbb) loci are known to be linked in the order Gpi-1-p-c-Hbb. In Rattus norvegicus, another murid rodent, the p, c, and Hbb loci are known to be linked in the same order and with similar recombination frequencies. In Peromyscus maniculatus, family Cricetidae, it was previously known that p and c are linked and by analogy to Mus musculus that linkage group should be bounded by Gpi-1 near p and by a β-globin locus near c. Linkage has now been established between Gpi-1 and the Hbe globin locus in Peromyscus. However, the observed recombination frequency in Peromyscus (16.3%) is significantly lower than in Mus, suggesting that perhaps a chromosomal inversion has occurred during the evolutionary divergence of the two rodent families. Linkage relationships were also tested between the Hbc1, Hbd1, and Hbe1 globin variants. Hbc1 (presumably an α-type globin) segregated independently from Hbd1 and Hbe1 (presumably β-type globins). No recombination was observed between Hbd1 and Hbe1. Those two globin genes may be alleles at a single locus, although circumstantial evidence suggests that they represent tightly linked duplicate loci.
Circular polarization effects in the light scattering from single and suspensions of dinoflagellates

Light scattering measurements were performed on single, immobilized dinoflagellates as well as on suspensions of the species Prorocentrum micans. The normalized Mueller scattering matrix element S 14 , which indicates an ability to depolarize circularly polarized light, is reported for both cases. The measurements involving single cells were performed on Prorocentrum micans, Gonyaulax polyhedra, and Crypthecodinium cohnii. The results show that the previously reported large S 14 signal is not peculiar to P. micans. Time-dependent measurements of live cultures of P. micans show a large, high-frequency S 14 signal. This signal is a diurnal function of the time of day, with a maximum at midnight. Investigations of the relationship between single cell and suspension measurements reveal that the large angle- dependent S 14 peaks from immobilized single dinoflagellates are responsible for a large time-dependent S 14 signal at 90 degree(s) in suspension measurements. The results of these experiments provide further evidence for the hypothesis that the chromosomes of the dinoflagellates are responsible for the large observed S 14 signals. The unusual depolarization properties of dinoflagellates should be considered when using polarized light to enhance image contrast in underwater imaging.
The Björk – Shiley Aortic Prosthesis: Flow Characteristics of the Present Model vs. The Convexo-Concave Model

Thrombus formation on the aortic face of the disc and tissue overgrowth along the sewing ring adjacent to minor outflow region are major clinical pathologic findings observed with the present model Bjork–Shiley aortic prosthesis. These pathologic findings may be attributed to the stagnation zone observed near the aortic face of the disc, and the low flow and shear in the minor outflow region of the prosthesis. In hope of reducing these pathologic conditions the new convexo-concave Bjork–Shiley prosthesis was developed. In vitro velocity measurements made with a laser-Doppler anemometer in the immediate downstream vicinity of the convexo-concave Bjork–Shiley aortic valve indicate that the design changes have decreased the size of the stagnation zone and have increased flow and shear in the minor outflow region. We conclude that the problems of thrombus formation and tissue overgrowth may be reduced in the new convexo-concave Bjork – Shiley aortic valve.
Imipramine attenuates neuroinflammatory signaling and reverses stress-induced social avoidance.

Psychosocial stress is associated with altered immunity, anxiety and depression. Previously we showed that repeated social defeat (RSD) promoted microglia activation and social avoidance behavior that persisted for 24 days after cessation of RSD. The aim of the present study was to determine if imipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant) would reverse RSD-induced social avoidance and ameliorate neuroinflammatory responses. To test this, C57BL/6 mice were divided into treatment groups. One group from RSD and controls received daily injections of imipramine for 24 days, following 6 cycles of RSD. Two other groups were treated with saline. RSD mice spent significantly less time in the interaction zone when an aggressor was present in the cage. Administration of imipramine reversed social avoidance behavior, significantly increasing the interaction time, so that it was similar to that of control mice. Moreover, 24 days of imipramine treatment in RSD mice significantly decreased stress-induced mRNA levels for IL-6 in brain microglia. Following ex vivo LPS stimulation, microglia from mice exposed to RSD, had higher mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and this was reversed by imipramine treatment. In a second experiment, imipramine was added to drinking water confirming the reversal of social avoidant behavior and decrease in mRNA expression of IL-6 in microglia. These data suggest that the antidepressant imipramine may exert its effect, in part, by down-regulating microglial activation.
Sign‐change correction for prestack migration of P‐S converted wave reflections1

The polarization direction or 'sign’ of reflected converted P–S waves depends upon the angle of incidence of the incident P-wave. Sign reversal due to reversal of the angle of incidence is often encountered and is an impediment to P–S wave processing and imaging, because when P–S events or P-S migrated images with mixed signs are stacked, destructive interference occurs. We have created and demonstrated a means of correcting for this reversal. To do this, a P-wave angle of incidence is calculated for every point in the image space. This is done by calculating a P–S reflected waveform for every point, by extrapolating the reflected S-wavefield backwards from the receiver line, and then cross-correlating this waveform with the S-wave reflections observed at the receiver line. A multiplier, (sgn α) is assigned to each point in the image space, where α is the angle of incidence of the P-wave. The multiplier was applied to a set of prestack reverse time migration images derived from a cross-borehole physical elastic model data set. The improvement in the stacked image when the sign correction is applied is spectacular. The P-S image quality is comparable to, or better than, stacked migrated P-P images. The method appears to be applicable to all reflection modes and to all recording geometries.
7.1. Applying the Systems Engineering Process: Building Improvements to a Business Management System

This paper describes a practical application of the Systems Engineering (SE) process to the continuous improvement of a Business Management System (BMS) at Raytheon Systems Company, Naval and Maritime Systems (NAMS) division, which documents how an enterprise conducts its business via processes. It further explains how to improve the BMS by requirements management and an architectural structure which accommodates merging the process documentation from two or more companies. In today's business environment of merger and acquisitions, a solid process merger strategy is of increasing importance. A consolidated company wants to leverage the best practices from each company that has been merged. BMS improvements also rely on a “recipe” approach and object modeling. This paper will describe the ongoing results from a BMS improvement activity to verify, validate, and improve a BMS for an enterprise with multiple sites and a variety of customers and programs. The paper's first pass through the SE process focuses on aligning an enterprise's BMS to its drivers, so that it only documents and performs that which is necessary. The second pass through the SE process deals with mergers, where two or more companies with separate BMSs align into a cohesive enterprise.
Liquid chromatography determination of the anti-androgen vinclozolin and its metabolites in rat serum.

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a chromatographic method for the analysis of the anti-androgen vinclozolin (V) and its metabolites 2-[[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (M1), 3′,5′-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (M2) and 3,5-dichloroaniline (M3) in rat serum. V, M1–M3 were resolved using an HPLC gradient program with a mobile phase consisting of 60–75% methanol:acetonitrile (70:30) and 0.05 M monobasic sodium phosphate buffer pH 3.3 at 1 ml/min, a C18 column, and monitored at 212 nm. Incubates of 0.01 M monobasic potassium phosphate buffer (PB) pH 7.4 and rat serum were spiked with V and its metabolites and processed by diluting samples (1:4) with 0.1 M PB pH 3.3, to limit methodological hydrolysis of analytes, followed by addition of acetonitrile. Recoveries of V, M1 and M2 ranged from 85 to 105%, whereas recovery of M3 was
Time Domain Reflectometry Field Calibration in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed

Accurate measurement of profile soil water content is essential to many areas of environmental and agricultural research. In this study five methods were evaluated for determining volumetric profile soil water content from time domain reflectometry (TDR) data at nine locations within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in south central Oklahoma. Soil compositions for the sites ranged between 24.6 to 86.4% for sand and 5.2 to 29.2% for clay. Comparisons were made between gravimetric soil sample data and soil water content as determined by the TDR factory instrument calibration, two methods of site-specific calibration, a regional calibration technique, and an empirically derived universal approach. Method 1 is the factory calibration, which uses average values for model coefficients that were derived from extensive laboratory work and theoretical analysis. Method 2 fits a site-specific linear regression of TDR time delay on measured soil-core water content. Method 3 uses the factory calibration equation and site-specific values for the ratio of TDR time delay in dry soil, to that in air (T s /T a ). In Method 4, a regional linear regression equation was developed from an analysis combining data from all study sites. Method 5 applies a universal equation based on the linear relationship between soil water content and the apparent dielectric constant of soil (K a ) measured by TDR. Statistical analysis of the data showed that of the five methods, only the mean root mean square error (RMSE) value for Method 2 was significantly different from all other methods (a = 0.05). Method 2 also had the smallest standard deviation and standard error, and the narrowest range of RMSE values. All field calibration methods show that it is necessary to include very low water content data in determining absolute water content. When compared with the factory calibration, all other methods improved the measurement of soil water content, with Method 2 providing the most accurate results at the site-specific level of analysis.
The Effect of Correlation between Price and Quality on Consumer Choice

According to the price-expectancy model of consumer choice, consumers evaluate products by comparing the actual price with a reference or expected price determined from (a) product's quality and (b) the price-quality correlation of the product category. Choices between hypothetical products of beer are used to test the model against a model without a reference price. Consistent with the price-expectancy model, product preferences varied with the subjective correlation between price and quality: the relative preference for higher priced/higher quality products over lower priced/lower quality products increased as the subjective correlation increased. For some pairs, the correlation between price and quality created a preference reversal across contexts: the higher priced/higher quality product was chosen over the lower priced/lower quality product in the higher correlational context, but the lower priced/lower quality product was chosen over the higher priced/higher quality product in the lower correlational context. An additional study provided evidence that the price-quality correlation affects reference price, rather than reference quality, formation. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Arc Suppression of a DC Energized Contactor under Inductive Load

Arc suppression of a dc energized contactor is presented. A circuit is developed to operate the contactor at zero voltage crossing for contact closure and at zero current crossing for contact opening under inductive load. A self-learning feature of contactor characteristics is also provided in the circuit such that the device can be adaptable to any dc energized contactor without discrimination.
Medication Treatment Patterns following Initiation on Olanzapine versus Risperidone A Retrospective Analysis

Objective To compare medication treatment patterns for patients with schizophrenia following initiation on olanzapine versus risperidone.
A quantitative metabolic inhibition test for screening toxic compounds with cultured cells

The toxicity of substances for monolayer cultures of rat lung fibroblasts with phenol red as a pH indicator in the medium was measured by comparing the changes produced in medium color against 10 stable color standards. The toxicities of 6 concentrations each of actinomycin D, amphotericin B, chloroquine, 2-deoxyglucose, oligomycin, puromycin, and silicon dioxide were measured at 12 h and daily for 7 days on the same cultures throughout. Morphologic changes were monitored at the same times. The method, which simultaneously measures both concentration and time effects, was rapid, simple-to-perform, reproducible, low-in-cost, and quite sensitive. Its reproducibility depended on details of the cell culture methodology. The method is unsuitable for acidic or basic substances, or substances poorly-soluble in culture medium. Unless combined with morphologic evaluation, substances producing delayed toxicity may give misleading results.
Improving the impact of school-based mental health and other supportive programs on students' academic outcomes: how do we get there from here?

This is the second issue in a two-part special series on evaluating the educational and academic impact of school-based programs that provide non-academic types of support, including mental health, mentoring, and family support. The papers in this series detail challenges and provide insights and practical applications based on theory and empirical research to make strong contributions toward developing, evaluating, and improving academic outcomes. Papers include a comprehensive literature review of randomized controlled studies of mental health treatments that included academic outcomes; a matched comparison group evaluation of an expanded school mental health program; a description of a qualitative process of developing a brief, modularized school-based mental health intervention partially designed to focus on academic outcomes; and a randomized study comparing academic outcomes between students who received one session of motivational interviewing to students who received two sessions paired with weekl...
Theoretical analysis for achieving high‐order spatial accuracy in Lagrangian/Eulerian source terms

In a fully coupled Lagrangian/Eulerian two-phase calculation, the source terms from computational particles must be agglomerated to nearby gas-phase nodes. Existing methods are capable of accomplishing this particle-to-gas coupling with second-order accuracy. However, higher-order methods would be useful for applications such as two-phase direct numerical simulation and large eddy simulation. A theoretical basis is provided for producing high spatial accuracy in particle-to-gas source terms with low computational cost. The present work derives fourth- and sixth-order accurate methods, and the procedure for even higher accuracy is discussed. The theory is also expanded to include two- and three-dimensional calculations. One- and two-dimensional tests are used to demonstrate the convergence of this method and to highlight problems with statistical noise. Finally, the potential for application in computational fluid dynamics codes is discussed. It is concluded that high-order kernels have practical benefits only under limited ranges of statistical and spatial resolution. Additionally, convergence demonstrations with full CFD codes will be extremely difficult due to the worsening of statistical errors with increasing mesh resolution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.