cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Components of Sexual Orientation, Religiosity, and Heterosexuals' Impressions of Gay Men and Lesbians

In 2 studies, the authors explored whether emphasizing the sexual behavior of gay men and lesbians influences heterosexuals' impressions of gay male and lesbian targets. In both studies, participants read short vignettes of heterosexual and gay male or lesbian targets that described their sexual histories using information restricted to only 1 component of sexual orientation (emotion, behaviors, or fantasies). The results of Study 1 showed that participants rated a behavioral gay male target more negatively than they did the emotions and fantasy targets, and this difference was a function of participant religiosity. In Study 2, participants rated the behavioral lesbian target more negatively than they did the emotions and fantasy targets; however, these differential ratings of the lesbian targets were not affected by participant religiosity.
The number of depth-first searches of an ordered set

We show that the problems of deciding whether an ordered set has at leastk depth-first linear extensions and whether an ordered set has at leastk greedy linear extensions are NP-hard.
Processing of prodynorphin in BRL-3A cells, a rat liver-derived cell line: implications for the specificity of neuropeptide-processing enzymes.

Abstract Prodynorphin is post-translationally processed into dynorphin B-13 and other peptides by the action of endopeptidases that cleave at pairs of basic amino acids and at single basic residues, followed by a Carboxypeptidase that removes the C-terminal basic residues. To evaluate the specificity of neuropeptide processing enzymes, rat prodynorphin was transfected into BRL-3A cells, a rat liver-derived cell line which produces insulin-like growth factor II, but does not normally express prodynorphin. The transfected prodynorphin was post-translationally processed at both monobasic and dibasic cleavage sites, with the formation of dynorphin B-13 and other peptides. This finding indicates that BRL-3A cells express prodynorphin-processing enzymes. These cells were found to secrete two enzyme activities previously implicated in the processing of dynorphin, a monobasic cleaving ‘dynorphin converting enzyme’ and ‘carboxypeptidase E’, based on inhibitor sensitivities and pH optima. The dynorphin converting enzyme secreted from BRL-3A cells elutes from an anion exchange column under the same conditions as the enzyme secreted from pituitary-derived cell lines (AtT-20, GH4C1). Northern blot analysis indicates that BRL-3A cells express Carboxypeptidase E mRNA in addition to mRNA encoding furin, a prohormone-processing endopeptidase. The mRNAs for two other related endopeptidases, prohormone convertase 1 and 2, were not detected on Northern blots, suggesting that these enzymes are not required for the processing of prodynorphin. The expression of Carboxypeptidase E, furin, and dynorphin converting enzyme in BRL-3A cells suggests that these peptide processing enzymes are not specific for neuropeptides, but are also present in cells which process peptide growth factors.
Policy Implications of Arabic Instruction in Israeli Jewish Schools

Arabic instruction in Israel's Jewish school sector is unsatisfactory by both objective and subjective measures. This is surprising given that Arabic is an official language, that Arabs have a substantial presence in the country, and the powerful forces that support Arabic instruction. The rationale of Arabic instruction is linked to the needs of the Zionist project of Jewish sectarianism. Ironically, it is this very project as a set of ideologies and social practices, and the institutional forces that embody it, that subvert Arabic instruction. Too few students study Arabic, mostly as a result of the poor value of Arabic as linguistic capital. Here, the linguistic political economy reflects the physical, social, political, economic, and ideological segregation and marginalization of Arabs in Israel. The quality of instruction is further eroded by the very powerful stakeholders that militate for expanding Arabic instruction—namely the security apparatus, academia, and Arabic teachers—all of whom are serve...
The Surface Chemistry of Condensation Nuclei: III. The Adsorption of Water Vapor on “Doped” Silver Iodide

Abstract Adsorption isotherms at 10C for water vapor on “pure” silver iodide and silver iodide doped with 0.60 avid 0.12 weight per cent of potassium nitrate have been determined by a volumetric method. It has been demonstrated that the addition of hygroscopic contaminants to silver iodide increases its efficiency in the nucleation of ice from supercooled water vapor. The adsorption of water vapor on the 0.12% doped material is identical on an equal surface area basis to that on pure AgI to a relative pressure of 0.4; above this pressure, water vapor adsorption on the doped material is much greater than on the pure material. Water vapor adsorption on the 0.60% doped sample is much greater at all relative pressures than on the other materials. It is shown that the impurity content of AgI prepared by precipitation techniques is less than 0.1%. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the adsorbing surface as affected by the presence of the hygroscopic contaminant.
Effect of irradiation spectrum on the microstructural evolution in ceramic insulators

Abstract Cross section transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate the microstructure of MgAl2O4 (spinel) and Al2O3 (alumina) following irradiation with ions of varying mass and energy at room temperature and 650°C. Dislocation loop formation was suppressed in specimens irradiated with light ions, particularly in the case of spinel. An evaluation of the data showed that dislocation loop formation during irradiation at 650°C was suppressed when the ratio of the electronic- to nuclear -stopping power was greater than ∼ 10 and ∼ 1000 for spinel and alumina, respectively. These results clearly indicate that light ion and electron irradiations produce microstructures which are not representative of the microstructure that would form in these ceramics during fission or fusion neutron irradiation. The absence of observable dislocation loops following energetic light ion irradiation is believed to be due to ionization-enhanced diffusion effects, which promote point defect recombination. The effect of uniform background levels of ionizing radiation on the microstructural evolution in spinel was investigated by performing simultaneous dual-beam (He+ and heavy ion) irradiations. The uniform ionizing radiation source did not affect the microstructural evolution of spinel unless the ionization was very intense (average electronic- to nuclear-stopping power ratio > 100).
Discussion: The Physical Unnaturalness of Churchland’s Ellipses*

This article addresses Paul Churchland’s attempt to identify colors with surface reflectance spectra. Of particular concern is Churchland’s novel method of approximating surface reflectance spectra. While those approximations are generated by objective means and yield a striking match with human phenomenological color space, they are not physically meaningful. The reason for this is that the method used to produce the approximations induces equivalence classes on surface reflectances that are not invariant under physically appropriate changes of measurement convention. This result undermines Churchland’s proposed response to the objection from metamers commonly raised against color physicalism, as his surface reflectance approximations are supposed to provide an objective, physical unifying basis for metamers.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacologic Variation Between Different Estrogen Products

Due to the complex nature of endogenous and exogenous hormone concentrations, formation, and metabolism and assay complexity, the pharmacokinetics of estrogens are difficult to study. Oral estrogens have minimal systemic bioavailability (2% to 10%) due to gut and liver (first-pass) metabolism. High concentrations of estrone are achieved with oral administration, whereas higher concentrations of estradiol are generally achieved after percutaneous absorption. Although vaginal products (such as gel, rings, etc.) are administered locally, they achieve high serum concentrations. Estradiol and estrone concentrations and estradiol-to-estrone ratios vary with different estrogen therapies. Approximately 95% to 98% of estradiol is bound loosely to albumin or tightly to sex hormone binding globulin, the major binding protein. The terminal half lives for the different estrogen compounds (after oral or intravenous administration) vary from 1-12 hours. Some conversion rates have been calculated between estrogen and its metabolites. Smoking decreases achievable estrogen concentrations, and has a greater effect on oral products. Oral contraceptives have been found to decrease antipyrine clearance. In the one study evaluating conjugated estrogens, antipyrine clearance was not altered. Oral contraceptives have a variable effect on the elimination of medications. Acetaminophen clearance is increased, whereas clearance of some benzodiazepines, caffeine, and prednisolone is decreased. Phenytoin increases the metabolism of conjugated estrogens. The various estrogen products may produce different clinical effects based on composition. The metabolites (minor components) of conjugated estrogens have been found to have significant effects on lipid concentrations, uterine weight, liver generated compounds, and bone resorption. Because transdermal products bypass the first-pass effect, delayed or decreased effects on lipid profiles and liver generated compounds have been observed.
Rule-based motion coordination for a hexapod walking machine

This paper is concerned with rule-based coordination of motion for rough-terrain locomotion by a hexapod walking machine. The logic for generating leg commands is written in Prolog while the simulation of the terrain and of the vehicle kinematics, as well as low-level on-board computer functions, are written in extended Common Lisp. It is found that this approach results in code that is much easier to understand and modify than previous motion coordination programs written in Pascal. We believe that the motion coordination rule set included in this paper results in better adaptation of walking machine leg sequencing to terrain constraints than any previously published means.
Suppression of mouse lymphocyte responses to mitogens in vitro by Trypanosoma cruzi.

Abstract Maleckar J. R. and Kierszenbaum F. 1984. Suppression of mouse lymphocyte responses to mitogens in vitro by Trypanosoma cruzi. International Journal for Parasitology14: 45–52. The ability of T. cruzi to inhibit mitogen-induced mouse lymphocyte responses was studied to find out if the organism itself is involved in the production of the immunosuppression that occurs during the acute phase of Chagas' disease. Significant suppression of normal spleen cell responses to concanavalin A (a T cell-specific mitogen) or to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (a B cell-specific mitogen) were seen when the concentration of either trypomastigote or epimastigote forms of the parasite reached or exceeded 2.5 × 106 organisms/ml in the cultures. The inhibitory effect was noted over wide ranges of concentrations of either mitogen. Since spleen cells stimulated with mitogenic solutions that had been absorbed with 1 × 107 parasites/ml produced significant responses, the suppressive effect could not be attributed just to mitogen removal by the parasites. Preparations of T. cruzi disrupted by freezing and thawing also inhibited mitogen-induced responses. This indicated that production of suppression was not a result of parasite competition for essential medium nutrients and that trypanosome viability was not required. Suppression was demonstrable only when the parasites were incorporated into the cultures within 12 h after mitogenic stimulation. These results taken together indicate that T. cruzi has the ability to modulate directly or indirectly lymphocyte function by interfering with the initial stages of commitment to lymphoproliferation.
MEMS-based electrostatically tunable microstrip patch antenna using flexible polyimide film

This paper reports a MEMS-based electrostatically tunable microstrip patch antenna fabricated using printed circuit processing techniques. The microstrip patch is patterned on the top side of the flexible kapton polyimide film, which is suspended above the fixed ground plane using a spacer. The air gap between the microstrip patch and the ground plane is decreased by applying a DC bias voltage between the patch and the ground plane. A decrease in air gap increases the effective permittivity of the antenna resulting in a downward shift in the resonant frequency. The microstrip patch is excited by a slot in the ground plane, which is inductively coupled by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed line. A 6 mm x 6 mm microstrip patch antenna tunable from 18.34 GHz at 0 V to 17.95 GHz at 268 V (with a tuning range of 390 MHz) is discussed.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Genetic mapping of the hemochromatosis locus on chromosome six

The purpose of this paper is to report a pedigree with hereditary hemochromatosis in which a recombination between the HLA-A and B loci occurred. Both the maternal and paternal HLA-A3, B7 haplotypes were carrying an allele for hemochromatosis. The A3, B12 haplotype of the proband was a recombinant of the maternal A3, B7 and A28, B12 haplotypes. The hemochromatosis locus segregated with the HLA-A locus and not with the HLA-B locus. Thus, the hemochromatosis locus maps in close proximity to the HLA-A locus.
Patterns of prescription opioid abuse and comorbidity in an aging treatment population.

Abstract Very little is known about the impact of age and gender on drug abuse treatment needs. To examine this, we recruited 2,573 opioid-dependent patients, aged from 18 to 75 years, entering treatment across the country from 2008 to 2010 to complete a self-administered survey examining drug use histories and the extent of comorbid psychiatric and physical disorders. Moderate to very severe pain and psychiatric disorders, including polysubstance abuse, were present in a significant fraction of 18- to 24-year-olds, but their severity grew exponentially as a function of age: 75% of those older than 45 years had debilitating pain and psychiatric problems. Women had more pain than men and much worse psychiatric issues in all age groups. Our results indicate that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to prevention, intervention, and treatment of opioid abuse that ignores the shifting needs of opioid-abusing men and women as they age is destined to fail.
The influence of seed apparency, nutrient content and chemical defenses on dietary preference in Dipodomys ordii

Physical, nutritional and defensive qualities of seeds differ in the extent to which they influence granivore preference. In a study aimed to quantifying those differences, Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) were found to prefer the seeds of just three of twenty-nine species: Cryptantha crassisepala, Oryzopsis hymenoides and Salsola kali. Oryzopsis hymenoides was most preferred during the early plant growth season (April-July); preference for S. kali peaked during late (August-November) and dormant (December-March) seasons; and greatest preference for C. crassisepala occurred during dormant and early seasons. Regression of forage ratios, averaged across seasons, against seed length, mass, abundance, patchiness, percent nitrogen, energy content, and chemical defenses showed seed length to be the most important predictor of seed preference. Seed length combined with nitrogen (protein) content and levels of two defensive compounds, saponins and non-protein amino acids, to account for 68% of the variation in seed preference. The importance of seed length rather than biomass indicated that there are limits to the ability of D. ordii to detect small seeds and that small size facilitated escape of dispersed seeds. Seasonality in preference suggested, however, that seed escape was encountered by predispersal harvesting of newly maturing seeds still on plants. Maximization of protein intake contradicted previously published observations, but presumably reflected low nitrogen availability. In addition to small size, the presence of saponins or non-protein amino acids in seeds was sufficient to negate the positive influence of higher protein content.
Visual scanning of faces correlates with schizophrenia symptomatology

1. The purpose of this study was to examine whether quantitative measures of visual scanning of faces correlated with the severity of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. 2. Preattentive visual fixations (fixations less than or equal to 50.1 ms in duration) were measured while 16 subjects with chronic schizophrenia and 38 comparison subjects scanned slides of human faces. 3. A significant inverse correlation was found between the number of preattentive fixations exhibited during 10 seconds of facial scanning and total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. 4. This study suggests that measures that probe preattentive processing during scanning of faces could represent a novel paradigm for studying the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Analysis by High Density cDNA Arrays of Altered Gene Expression in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Response to Infection with the Invasive Enteric BacteriaSalmonella

Many clinically important enteric pathogens initiate disease by invading and passing through the intestinal epithelium, a process accompanied by increased epithelial expression of proinflammatory cytokines. To further define the role intestinal epithelial cells play in initiating and modulating the host response to infection with invasive bacteria, hybrid selection on high density cDNA arrays was used to characterize the mRNA expression profile of ∼4,300 genes in human intestinal epithelial cells after infection with the prototypic invasive bacteria,Salmonella. Selected findings were further evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot analysis, and protein assays. Epithelial infection withSalmonella significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of a relatively small fraction of all genes tested. Of these, several cytokines (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, inhibin A, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, interleukin-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-2α), kinases (TKT, Eck, HEK), transcription factors (interferon regulatory factor-1), and HLA class I were the most prominent. Furthermore, the transcription factor NF-κB is shown to be important for inducible mRNA expression for a broad group of genes tested. These findings expand the repertoire of known epithelial cell responses to infection with an invasive enteric pathogen. The results also show that evaluation of mRNA expression profiles by cDNA array analysis is a powerful approach to characterizing and understanding host-pathogen interactions.
Characterization of a zirconia toughened alumina fibre, PRD-166

Etude par microscopie electronique en transmission et micro-analyse RX a dispersion d'energie de la microstructure et de la composition d'une fibre d'alumine renforcee par une dispersion de zircone
Regression methods when the eye is the unit of analysis

Purpose: The eye is often the unit of measurement for outcomes, and frequently also for covariates, in vision research, and measurements in the two eyes of the same person are often strongly but far from perfectly correlated. Advances have occurred in the development and accessibility of analytic approaches to evaluate determinants of eye-specific outcomes including information from both eyes of some subjects.Methods: We illustrate available regression approaches to analyze correlated outcomes from both eyes in datasets with both eye- and subject-specific exposures and potential confounding variables. We consider cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs, and discrete, continuous, and time-to-event outcomes.Results: Across a range of study designs and measurement scales for the outcome variable, we show the under-estimation of P-values and widths of confidence intervals that occurs when the correlation between paired eyes in a person is ignored, and the reduced precision that occurs in separate analy...
Effects of Size-Controlling Apple Rootstocks on Growth, Abscisic Acid, and Hydraulic Conductivity of Scion of Different Vigor

Size-controlling rootstocks are required to attain trees with reduced stature that are necessary for modern orchard management, such as high density plantings. Apple cultivars can be grafted on commercially-available size-controlling rootstocks but new rootstocks are needed for both size-controlling efficacy and improved tolerance of abiotic and biotic stress. This research was designed to determine the consistency of Geneva and Malling rootstocks for size-control with scions of different growth potentials. Hydraulic conductivity (HC) and abscisic acid (ABA) in xylem exudates were measured in selected scions grafted to Malling (from least-to-most size control M.7, M.9, and M.27) and Geneva (from least-to-most size control, G.935, G.5087, G.41, and G.11) rootstocks. Regardless of scion vigor, trees with G.935 and G.41 rootstocks had the most height and diameter growth and the highest HC, whereas trees with M.27 rootstocks had the least. Lower ABA was measured in xylem exudate of ‘Fuji’ grown on G.935 and G...
Entanglement of a Laguerre-Gaussian cavity mode with a rotating mirror

It has previously been shown theoretically that the exchange of linear momentum between the light field in an optical cavity and a vibrating end mirror can entangle the electromagnetic field with the vibrational motion of that mirror. In this paper we consider the rotational analog of this situation and show that radiation torque can similarly entangle a Laguerre-Gaussian cavity mode with a rotating end mirror. We examine the mirror-field entanglement as a function of ambient temperature, radiation detuning, and orbital angular momentum carried by the cavity mode.
Refereed paper: Security issues for federated database systems

This paper describes security issues for federated database management systems set up for managing distributed, heterogeneous and autonomous multilevel databases. It builds on our previous work in multilevel secure distributed database management systems and on the results of others' work in federated database systems. In particular, we define a multilevel secure federated database system and discuss issues on heterogeneity, autonomy, security policy and architecture.
Parameter extraction for bipolar transistors

Novel methods for parameter extraction for bipolar transistors are presented. Emphasis is placed on reliable measurements of small-size transistors, examples are shown for Si integrated circuit transistors with emitters smaller than 10 mu m/sup 2/. Advantages over measurements on large-area test devices are discussed. Parameters measured are the current-dependent base and emitter series resistances, emitter contact resistance, base-emitter and base-collector space-charge region capacitances, junction temperature, and base and collector saturation currents. Applications to heterojunction bipolar transistors are demonstrated. >
Digital Analysis of Single-Pole Switching on EHV Lines

Long distance EHV transmission and generator installations at remote locations have intensified stability problems. Transmission necessary to improve stability is expensive. Single- pole switching is being reviewed as an altemate. Phase-to-ground fault current in the open phase of the line is reduced by reactor compensation to make arc extinction possible. A means for increasing the line capability when one phase is open is investigated. The effectiveness is analyzed in detail using a digital computer.
4p2 resonances in photoionization from 4s4p levels in neutral zinc

In neutral zinc the 4p2 configuration lies above the 3d104s ionization limit and its levels become perturbers in the continuum. Lines have been identified in the Zn I spectrum for the \(4s4p\,{^3P}^{\circ} - 4p^{2}\,{^3P}\) multiplet, whereas no lines have been found for transitions to 4p2 1D or 1S. In this paper, cross sections for photoionization from 4s4p levels are reported that reveal the positions and widths of the 4p2 resonances. Calculations were performed using the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) and B-spline R-matrix (BSR) method. Results from Breit–Pauli calculations that ignore the background continua are also presented. Included in the latter are energies for the \(4s^2\,{^1S}_{0}, 4s4p\,{^1P}_{1}^{\circ}, {^3P}^{\circ}_{1,2,3}, 4s4d\,{^1D}_{2}, 4p^2\, {^3P}_{1,2,3}, {^1D}_{2}\,{\rm and}\,{^1S}_{0}\) levels and transition data (transition energies, line strengths, f-values, and A-rates) for all E1 transitions between these levels. Transition energies and the agreement in the length and velocity values, particularly for allowed transitions, indicate the accuracy of the computational model. Line widths are compared with other estimates.
Ribosomal genes not integrated into chromosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster.

DNA obtained by a gentle lysis procedure from adult Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed by sucrose gradient sedimentation. The major portion of the DNA has an estimated weight of at least 5–10×109 daltons. All of the ribosomal genes are present in this high molecular weight DNA in adult males with one nucleolus organizer or in adult females with two nucleolus organizers as shown by hybridizing fractions of the gradient with ribosomal RNA. In female adults with one nucleolus organizer instead of the usual two, 68% of the ribosomal genes are found in high molecular weight DNA and 32% are found in DNA of smaller size (∼3×108 daltons). We propose that these latter genes are not integrated into the DNA of the chromosome.
Writing for Publication

Addressing both students and technical writers, Dr. Estrin discourses on the subject of why write for professional journals.The four benefits are an effect on professional advancement, an enhanceme...
Fatty Acids and Hydrocarbons in Surtsey Sediment

Hydrocarbons and fatty acids were examined from the sediments of a marine lagoon on Surtsey, an island formed by a volcanic eruption in 1963. The distribution of both hydrocarbons and fatty acids indicated that correlations can be made between the primary organisms observed in the lagoon, Chlorophycophyta, and the sediment components identified.
The Problems of Police Chiefs: An Examination of the Issues in Tenure and Turnover

The alarmingly high rates of police chief turnover have created concern in the public and private sectors. The average police chief tenure is discussed in public administration circles as being dangerously short, but there is little evidence of exactly why this is so. The position, in major cities and small towns, has become a virtual “revolving door” that results in numerous expenses for local agencies. This article explores factors related to short tenures for police executives. This exploratory research is based on in-depth interviews with former and incumbent chiefs. The data reveal that health concerns, stress, politics, and personnel issues are related to short tenures.
Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Growth, Production, and Feeding Habits of Striped Bass in Ponds

Abstract Production of fingerling striped bass (Morone saxatilis) was increased by feeding fish every hour. In a 42-d study, survival and production averaged 52.8% and 167.9 kg/hectare (150 lb/acre) in ponds to which feed was delivered hourly and 34.9% and 110.6 kg/hectare (99 lb/acre) in ponds to which feed was delivered only twice a day. Types of food items selected by larvae and fingerlings in treatment and control groups were similar. Cladocerans, adult copepods, and chironomid larvae were the predominant food organisms eaten. Particles of supplemental prepared feed were found in 92% of the fish sampled from treatment ponds and in 89% of those from control ponds. The addition of supplemental feed appeared to enhance rather than to replace the natural diet.
A perspective on the properties and surface reactivities of carbides and nitrides of titanium and vanadium

Abstract The electronic structure of the early transition metal carbides and nitrides is linked to their remarkable physical properties and their surface chemistry. In this review, we focus on experimental studies of the electronic structure and surface adsorption properties of these rock-salt structured materials. A straightforward molecular orbital framework is used to understand the surface chemical interactions of the materials, primarily the stoichiometric (0 0 1) surfaces of TiC and VC, with small molecule adsorbates. This framework is then expanded to include more comprehensive theoretical treatments of the surface adsorption, with a particular emphasis on recent density functional theory results. The adsorbates reviewed include CO, NH 3 , O 2 , H 2 O, SO 2 , methanol, methyl formate, and ethanol. This overview reveals that the properties of these materials are heavily influenced by two factors: highly covalent bonding interactions between the metal and carbon species and the total number of electrons present, as the added electron per formula unit in either VC or TiN relative to TiC, populates low lying metal 3d levels that are formally unoccupied in TiC. This results in materials that appear to be d 0 (TiC), d 1 (VC, TiN) or d 2 (VN), with actual charges on the atoms that are close to ±1. These influences are apparent in valence band photoemission data obtained on the (0 0 1) surfaces. The surface chemistry trends with probe molecules such as CO and NH 3 can be predicted based on coordination chemistry principles, with the σ-donor ammonia molecule, for example, have very similar interactions with TiC and VC, while CO adsorption is measurably stronger on the VC surface due to π-backbonding interactions. More comprehensive surface models are needed to probe surface reactions as they are heavily influenced by neighboring carbon and metal atoms on the (1 0 0) surface, with the added d-electron density on the metal in VC or TiN enabling stronger surface bonding with reaction intermediates than is found on TiC.
Evaluating CASP4 predictions with physical energy functions.

Physical energy scoring functions based on implicit solvation models are tested by evaluating predictions from the most recent CASP4 competition. The best performing scoring functions are identified along with the best protocol for preparing structures before energies are evaluated. Ranking of structures with the best scoring functions is compared across CASP4 targets to establish when physical scoring functions can be expected to reliably distinguish structures that are most similar to the native fold in a set of misfolded or unfolded protein conformations. The results are used to interpret previous studies where scoring functions were tested on the standard decoy sets by Park, Levitt, and Baker. We show that the best physical scoring functions can be applied successfully in automated consensus scoring applications where a single best conformation has to be selected from a set of structures from different sources. Finally, the potential for better protein structure scoring functions is discussed with a suggestion for an empirically parameterized linear combination of energy components.
Interactions between CH and NH bonds and d8 square planar metal complexes: hydrogen bonded or agostic?

Abstract The structural characteristics of CH…M and NH…M groups in square planar d 8 -ML 4 metal complexes are examined and compared w those for CH…M groups in unambiguously agostic d 6 -ML 5 systems. The NH…M(d 8 ) systems have the linear geometry typical o bonds, not the bent geometry typical of agostic species. As proposed by Brammer, the NH…M(d 8 ) systems are best regarded as hydrogen bonds, but the CH…M(d 8 ) systems are intermediate in geometry between the hydrogen bonded NH…M systems and the true agostic CH…M of the d 6 cases and are neither typical of hydrogen bonds nor typical agostic species.
Thermal Neutron Activation Cross Sections

The activation method of measuring slow neutron cross sections is discussed, in connection with the survey made at Argonne Laboratory. A table is given listing 131 activation cross sections of 65 elements and properties of the radio isotopes produced.
Stellar occultations by turbulent planetary atmospheres: The Beta Scorpii events

Abstract Possible manifestationsof turbulent scattering in the 1971 Beta Scorpii occultations by Jupiter are critically examined. Lack of detailed correlation between light curves observed at 60-km separations on the Jovian limb argues against a detailed layering hypothesis. An approximate calculation shows that the observed features of the light cuves can be explained in terms of a model for which “spikes” are scintillations caused by Jovian atmospheric turbulence. A significant number of paired spikes are a consequence of the model if the occulted star is binary with an appropriate orientation. The statistical properties of spikes for Beta Scorpii A and C are predicted from Rytov theory for Kolmogorov turbulence and compared with the available observations. Finally, we discuss the effects of turbulent scattering on the temperature profile which is obtained by averaging over the effect of the spikes.
Molecular cytogenetics, cytology and genomic comparisons in the Triticeae

Within the Triticeae, many useful genes have been transferred between genera, and the transferred characters are found widely in cereal crops. The subject matter of this talk has provided the basis for our understanding of gene transfer and chromosome behaviour. Genomes can be studied by cytogenetic examination of the chromosomes in species, natural and synthetic hybrids. Work on the molecular biology can demonstrate directly differences between their DNA sequences – in the code itself, and in the length and copy number of particular sequences. Molecular cytogenetics, particularly using DNA:DNA in situ hybridization, enables the two technologies to be linked by allowing direct observation of the dispersal of different types of DNA within chromosomes. Co-evolution of sequence families within genomes is a major feature of species evolution and divergence within the tribe. Thus, genome-specific sequences can be isolated and cloned relatively easily. Many such sequences are tandemly repeated and co-localize with C-bands on chromosomes; each C-band may consist of several different sequence classes. Information about band sizes and their constitution assists genome studies. Other families of middle and highly repeated DNA sequences are dispersed within a genome, and may show retrotransposon-like modes of co-evolution. I plan to show examples of the types of difference between chromosomes in various species, and to relate the differences to DNA sequence, chromosome morphology and behaviour. Despite, or perhaps because of, the wide range of aneuploids, hybrids and translocations that can be made within the Triticeae, in natural populations, the basic chromosome number and morphology is remarkably stable; even translocations are uncommon. What constraints may restrict genome evolution? What limits, or can advance, the manipulation and transfer of genes within the Triticeae?
Abstract 4880: CASZ1, a neuroblastoma tumor suppressor gene, is epigenetically silenced by EZH2

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Casz1 is a C2H2 Zn-finger transcriptional factor that localizes to a region of LOH on Chr1p36.22 in tumors of Neuroblastoma patients who have a poor prognosis. Moreover, high CASZ1 expression is found in tumors of patients with a good prognosis while tumors from patients with a poor prognosis express low levels of CASZ1 (58 patients, p= 2.07×10-6). Studies indicate that CASZ1 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Our finding that treatment of NB cells with HDAC inhibitors results in a 10-fold increase in CASZ1 expression suggests that epigenetic silencing contributes to the functional loss of CASZ1 expression from the remaining Chr1p36.22 allele. In studying the mechanism of CASZ1 epigenetic silencing, we found a bivalent chromatin modification region around the CASZ1 Transcription Start Site (TSS) that contains both a H3K27 methylation mark as well as an H3K4 methylation mark. The H3K27 methylation is thought to be a gene repressive marker, which is catalyzed by Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) proteins. PRC2 contains three core components, EZH2, EED and SUZ12, in which EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2) is a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27 methylation. Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) we identified a 5-fold decrease in binding of EZH2, EED and SUZ12 to the bivalent region after HDAC inhibitor treatment. Consistent with decreased PRC2 binding is the finding of decreased tri-methylation of H3K27 and an increase in H3K4me3, a histone mark associated with transcriptionally active genes. The changes in histone modifications are associated with the activation of the CASZ1 gene. RNA silencing of EZH2 also leads to increases in CASZ1 expression. Consistent with this, CASZ1 expression is also up-regulated (3- fold) in EZH2 knockout MEFs compared to EZH2 wild type MEFs. This indicates that CASZ1 expression on the remaining allele is silenced by epigenetic modifications mediated by EZH2. High expression of EZH2 and EED are also found in tumor samples of neuroblastoma patients with a poor prognosis (58 patients, p=2.6×10-3 for EED and p=5.87×10-4 for EZH2). This is consistent with a model in which aberrant epigenetic gene silencing of the tumor suppressor gene CASZ1 contributes to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4880.
Nitrate reduction by shaking with cadmium: Alternative to cadmium columns

Abstract A manual method for nitrate analysis that meets the objectives of accuracy, efficiency, and small sample volume is presented. Samples buffered at pH 8.5 are shaken for about 90 min with spongy cadmium. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which is analyzed colorimetrically. Sample-cadmium contact time is more consistently controlled for a large series of samples simultaneously than with a column method. Problems with progressive deterioration in reduction capacity encountered in column methods are avoided. Analyses of nitrate-spiked natural water samples (salinity 0–12%) yielded recoveries of 94–106%. The 95% confidence interval of the mean of 10 observations was 0.254 ± 0.011 μM NO3−, using a 10-cm optical path.
Particle‐in‐cell simulations of current shear‐driven instabilities and the generation of broadband ELF fluctuations

[1] Three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are performed to study the properties of current shear-driven (CSD) instabilities, which are driven by the free energy stored in the inhomogeneous transverse magnetic field and associated with the transverse gradient of the field-aligned current. Current shear-driven instabilities are unstable in both a static field-aligned current equilibrium and the sheared field-aligned current sheet embedded in a transversely finite Alfven wave. The simulation results demonstrate that the electromagnetic fluctuations generated by CSD instabilities have characteristics similar to the broadband ELF (BBELF) fluctuations observed in the topside auroral region and at higher altitudes. It is also shown that CSD instabilities have the capacity to accelerate ions transversely. Comparison of the PIC simulations with the satellite observations and three-dimensional, two-fluid MHD simulations supports CSD instabilities as potential candidates for the generation of BBELF fluctuations and the correlated transverse acceleration of ions.
When Bad Press Is Good News: The Surprising Benefits of Negative Campaign Coverage

This article identifies conditions under which bad press can help rather than hurt a congressional campaign. In elections such as congressional primaries, where information levels are extremely low...
The Dictator and the Web Design

As Web technology moved from the laboratory to the public sphere, website design moved from being the product of a single individual to become the responsibility of a group.
Changes in Oligosaccharides and Starch Granules in Germinating Beans

Abstract The effect of germination on oligosaccharides and starch granules in black eye ( Vigna sinensis ) and pink beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris , var. Gloria) was investigated. The changes in starch granules in germinating cotyledons were viewed with a scanning electron microscope. The levels of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose in dry black eye beans were 3.0%, 0.95% and 0.93%, and those in pink bean dry seeds were 1.75%, 0.20% and 0.22%, respectively. Raffinose and stachyose decreased while sucrose and fructose increased during germination of the beans. Sucrose content decreased after germination for 4 days. Extraction of the sugars by the soaking medium was observed. Scanning electron microscopy showed alterations affecting the surface and the entire granule of starch in cotyledons of the beans germinated for eight days.
Image Processing Applications In Nondestructive Examination (NDE)

Nondestructive examination (NDE) can be defined as a technique or collection of tech-niques that permits one to determine some property of a material or object without damaging the object. There are a large number of such techniques and most of them use visual imaging in one form or another. They vary from holographic interferometry where displacements under stress are measured to the visual inspection of an objects surface to detect cracks after penetrant has been applied. The use of image processing techniques on the images produced NDE is relatively new and can be divided into three general categories.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hair whorl patterns on the bovine forehead may be related to breeding soundness measures.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between facial hair whorl patterns on the bovine forehead and sperm morphology. Breeding soundness exams were conducted on 219 yearling bulls at three Colorado State University facilities. There were 150 Angus bulls and the remaining bulls were of several different breeds. Hair whorl patterns on the forehead were classified as round or nonround epicenters. Angus bulls with round epicenters had a higher percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa compared to nonround epicenters (P 70% or more normal spermatozoa compared to 59% with a nonround epicenter (P
Comparison of actigraphic, polysomnographic, and subjective assessment of sleep parameters in sleep-disordered patients

Abstract Objective : Comparison of polysomnography (PSG)-derived sleep parameters (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and number of awakenings) to those derived from actigraphy and subjective questionnaires. Background : Actigraphy is commonly used to assist sleep specialists in the diagnosis of various sleep and circadian-rhythm disorders. However, few validation studies incorporate large sample sizes, typical sleep clinic patients, or comparisons with subjective reports of sleep parameters. Methods : Clinical series with 100 consecutive sleep-disordered patients (69 men, 31 women, mean age of 49±14.7 years) at a tertiary sleep disorders center. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy measures were obtained from epoch-by-epoch comparison of PSG and actigraphic data. Subjective sleep parameter data were derived from questionnaires given to subjects in the morning following their recording night. Results : We found that total sleep time and sleep efficiency did not significantly differ between PSG data and the combined data obtained from actigraphy and subjective reports. Using a high-threshold (low-wake-sensitivity) actigraphic algorithm, the number of awakenings was not significantly different from those detected by PSG. Conclusions : We recommend the use of subjective data as an adjunct to actigraphic data in estimating total sleep time and sleep efficiency in sleep-disordered patients, especially those with disorders of excessive somnolence.
Pretreatment CT texture features for prognostication in patient with Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: To determine whether CT texture features can yield prognostic information in addition to conventional prognostic factors in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods : We conducted a retrospective review of 91 patients with stage III NSCLC treated with definitive chemoradiation. All patients received a four-dimensional (4D) CT simulation, where we utilized the average image (average-CT) and an expiratory image (T50-CT), and a diagnostic contrast enhanced CT image (CE-CT). A penalized cox regression model was used for covariate selection and model development. Models incorporating texture features from the 3 image types and clinical factors were compared to models incorporating clinical factors alone for overall survival (OS), local-regional control (LRC), and freedom from distant metastases (FFDM). Predictive Kaplan-Meier curves were generated using leave-one-out cross-validation. Stratification into low-risk and high-risk groups was based on a patient’s predicted outcome being greater or less than the median. Reproducibility of texture features was evaluated using test-retest scans from independent patients. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used to assess texture feature reproducibility and classification accuracy was used to assess reproducibility of texture features within the context of our models. Results: Models incorporating both texture and clinical features demonstrated a significant improvement in stratification compared to models using clinical features alone in cross-validated Kaplan-Meier curves in terms of OS (p = 0.046), LRC (p = 0.01), and FFDM (p = 0.005). The average CCC was 0.89, 0.91, and 0.67 for texture features extracted from the average-CT, T50-CT, and CE-CT, respectively. Incorporating reproducibility uncertainties within our model yielded 80.4 (SD = 3.7), 78.3 (SD = 4.0), and 78.8 (SD = 3.9) percent classification accuracy for OS, LRC, and FFDM, respectively. Conclusion : Pretreatment tumor texture may provide prognostic information in additional to routinely obtained clinical features. Reproducibility of CE-CT appears inferior to average-CT and T50-CT; however model classification accuracy rates of ~80% were still achieved. ---------------------- Cite this article as: Fried DV, Tucker SL, Zhou S, Liao ZX, Ibbott GS, Court LE. Pretreatment CT texture features for prognostication in patient with Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2(2):020223. DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0202.23
Loss of p27 Nuclear Expression in a Prognostically Favorable Subset of Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms

Decreased expression of p27 occurs in aggressive colon, breast, and prostate neoplasms; p27 loss often correlates with worsened prognosis. Paradoxical overexpression has been described in benign and malignant pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PENs). To investigate prognostic usefulness of p27 expression in PENs, we immunolabeled 42 primary PENs, with or without metastases, for p27 and separated lesions using a nuclear labeling index (NLI) of 10%. Of the 42 lesions, 26 demonstrated a 10% or higher NLI and 16 an NLI less than 10%. Comparison of lymph node status revealed that 50% of primary PENs with a 10% or higher NLI (13/26) demonstrated lymph node metastases, whereas only 6% of lesions with an NLI of less than 10% (1/16) demonstrated lymph node metastases (P = .0067). We next examined 11 liver and 7 lymph node metastases for p27 immunolabeling to determine whether p27 also is paradoxically retained in lesions that have metastasized. All 18 lesions demonstrated an NLI of 10% or higher for p27. Expression of p27 protein therefore appears to be lost in a subset of well-differentiated PENs with indolent features but paradoxically retained in PENs associated with metastatic disease.