cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mg Distributions at Grain Boundaries in Sintered Alumina Containing MgA12O4 Precipitates

It is demonstrated that spinel (MgAI2O4) grain-boundary precipitates in A12O3 doped with 0.1 wt% MgO can be misinterpreted as solute segregation when analyzed with surface-sensitive techniques which lack adequate spatial resolution. Further, it is shown that since Mg is preferentially removed during the inert-ion sputter etching of MgAI2O4, Mg composition vs depth profiles obtained with sputtering from alumina surfaces containing spinel precipitates are not a valid measure of the Mg distribution.
Validation of rheumatoid arthritis diagnoses in health care utilization data

Introduction: Health care utilization databases have been increasingly used for studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the accuracy of RA diagnoses in these data has been inconsistent. Methods: Using medical records and a standardized abstraction form, we examined the positive predictive value (PPV) of several algorithms to define RA diagnosis using claims data: A) at least two visits coded for RA (ICD-9, 714); B) at least three visits coded for RA; and C) at least two visits to a rheumatologist for RA. We also calculated the PPVs for the subgroups identified by these algorithms combined with pharmacy claims data for at least one disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) prescription. Results: We invited 9,482 Medicare beneficiaries with pharmacy benefits in Pennsylvania to participate; 2% responded and consented for review of their medical records. There was no difference in characteristics between respondents and non-respondents. Using ‘RA diagnosis per rheumatologists’ as the gold standard, the PPVs were 55.7% for at least two claims coded for RA, 65.5% for at least three claims for RA, and 66.7% for at least two rheumatology claims for RA. The PPVs of these algorithms in patients with at least one DMARD prescription increased to 86.2%-88.9%. When fulfillment of 4 or more of the ACR RA criteria was used as the gold standard, the PPVs of the algorithms combined with at least one DMARD prescriptions were 55.6%-60.7%.
Neuropathology in the chronic fetal lamb preparation: structure-function correlates under different environmental conditions.

In this study we examined the relationship between fetal metabolism, cardiovascular function, brain function, and eventual neuropathologic outcome in the last third of gestation in the chronic fetal lamb preparation under a variety of environmental conditions. We concluded that the progressive hypoxia and metabolic acidosis secondary to acute placental insufficiency result in cerebral damage and functional deficit. Growth retardation and its attendant chronic hypoxemia, secondary to chronic placental insufficiency, do not have these results. However, intermittent interference with the umbilical circulation is associated with both functional and structural evidence of cerebral damage without systemic metabolic abnormality. The experimental, physiologic, and clinical implications of these observations are discussed.
MUMPS: Characteristics and comparisons with other programming systems

The design goals and caracteristics of MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System) are described. It is compared with other programming systems, including Basic and Apl....
Obstructive uropathy and severe acute kidney injury from renal calculi due to adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency

Background Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is an uncommon genetic cause of chronic kidney disease due to crystalline nephropathy.
Evaluating the Transition Component in IEPs of Secondary Students with Disabilities

Using an outcome/skill checklist, four raters evaluated the transition content of 68 Individualized Educational Programs (IEPs) prepared following the Congressional mandate to include school-to-wor...
Large-Scale Research Study on Technology in K–12 Schools

AbstractThis article highlights the results of a survey (N=2, 156) in one of the largest school districts in the country, focusing on teachers’ instructional modes related to technology integration as outlined in the National Educational Technology Standards for Students. Approximately 50% of the teachers who responded to the survey indicated that they were using technology as a classroom communication tool. Smaller percentages were reported for technology integration as a productivity, research, or problem-solving tool. In comparisons across subject areas, statistically significant differences were noted when teachers used computers as a research tool or as a problem-solving/decision-making tool. In both cases, science teachers reported the highest usage, followed by mathematics teachers.
Sibling Competition & Growth Tradeoffs. Biological vs. Statistical Significance

Early childhood growth has many downstream effects on future health and reproduction and is an important measure of offspring quality. While a tradeoff between family size and child growth outcomes is theoretically predicted in high-fertility societies, empirical evidence is mixed. This is often attributed to phenotypic variation in parental condition. However, inconsistent study results may also arise because family size confounds the potentially differential effects that older and younger siblings can have on young children’s growth. Additionally, inconsistent results might reflect that the biological significance associated with different growth trajectories is poorly understood. This paper addresses these concerns by tracking children’s monthly gains in height and weight from weaning to age five in a high fertility Maya community. We predict that: 1) as an aggregate measure family size will not have a major impact on child growth during the post weaning period; 2) competition from young siblings will negatively impact child growth during the post weaning period; 3) however because of their economic value, older siblings will have a negligible effect on young children’s growth. Accounting for parental condition, we use linear mixed models to evaluate the effects that family size, younger and older siblings have on children’s growth. Congruent with our expectations, it is younger siblings who have the most detrimental effect on children’s growth. While we find statistical evidence of a quantity/quality tradeoff effect, the biological significance of these results is negligible in early childhood. Our findings help to resolve why quantity/quality studies have had inconsistent results by showing that sibling competition varies with sibling age composition, not just family size, and that biological significance is distinct from statistical significance.
Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay

This method has been developed by Catt and Tregear (1967) who coated polymers with antibodies and observed the reactivity of this coat with radio-labeled antigens. This reaction was partially inhibited if free, nonlabeled antigen-containing preparations or body fluids were incubated first with the antibody-coated polymers. Measurement of radioactivity on the polymers gave quantitative information about the amount of nonlabeled antigen in the samples.
Spin ordering and dynamics in the frustrated antiferromagnet YBaCo 4 O 7.1

The stoichiometric 114-layered material YBaCo${}_{4}$O${}_{7}$ exhibits long-range antiferromagnetic order below a N\'eel temperature of 106 K. Nonstoichiometric YBaCo${}_{4}$O${}_{7.1}$, which contains a relatively small amount (1.4%) of interstitial oxygen, has recently been shown to have drastically modified magnetic properties compared to the parent compound. The present experiments have used magnetization, ac susceptibility, and zero applied field NMR to study the spin configuration and spin dynamics in a single crystal of YBaCo${}_{4}$O${}_{7.1}$ as a function of temperature below 100 K. Evidence has been obtained for a magnetic transition at 80 K corresponding to some form of spin freeze-out. Based on previous results for the stoichiometric material, it is likely that the freezing process involves spins in the triangular layers in this frustrated antiferromagnet. At lower temperatures, dynamic effects persist and below 50 K a fraction of the spins, located primarily in the kagome layers, constitute what may be termed a viscous spin liquid component. For $T$ 10 K, a disordered or glasslike spin structure, with a large distribution of spin correlation times, emerges as the low-temperature state of the spin system.
Interaction Between Two-Dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting Waves and Vibrating Surfaces

Triple-deck theory is used to investigate the coupling between an unsteady pitching airfoil and the generation of two-dimensional Tollmien-Schlichting waves over stationary and vibrating surface roughness elements (or dynamic roughness) for situations of strong instability growth near the roughness. It is found that when the applied frequencies and wavelengths are selected to lie in the correct range then instabilities can grow to become comparable with the ow about the roughness within a few roughness wavelengths. Selected linear and nonlinear numerical computations are used to illustrate these properties.
Structural and Dynamical Correlations in Stishovite and High Density Silica Glass

Pressure-induced structural transformation from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination and the destruction of intermediate-range order (IRO) are studied in silica glass (a-SiO2) using the molecular-dynamics (MD) method. Changes in the position and height of the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) in the static structure factor, bond lengths, coordination numbers, bond-angle distributions, and statistics of rings are investigated as a function of density. Modifications of the vibrational density of states and participation ratio are also discussed.
PAMDI Music Box: Primarily Analogico-Mechanical, Digitally Iterated Music Box.

PAMDI is an electromechanical music controller based on an expansion of the common metal music boxes. Our system enables an augmentation of a music box by adding different musical channels triggered and parameterized by natural gestures during the “performance”. All the channels are generated from the original melody recorded once at the start. We made a platform composed of a metallic structure supporting sensors that will be triggered by different natural and intentional gestures. The values we measure are processed by an arduino system that sends the results by serial communication to a Max/MSP patch for signal treatment and modification. We will explain how our embedded instrument aims to bring to the player a certain awareness of the mapping and the potential musical freedom of the very specific – and not that much automatic instrument that is a music box. We will also address how our design tackles the different questions of mapping, ergonomics and expressiveness and how we are choosing the controller modalities and the parameters to be
Effects of sex hormones in the CNS

Sex steroid hormones influence the mammalian brain and modulate its activity during the lifespan. They are involved in regulation of gene transcription, neuronal excitability and neuronal survival. During development, sex hormones produce organizing effects in discrete brain regions. These regions include not only structures regulating sexual behavior but also other brain regions such as substantia nigra, hippocampus, cortex or amygdala. In mature brain, sex hormones have activational effects and modulate brain activity through excitatory or inhibitory mechanisms. Effects of sex hormones on seizure susceptibility and neuroprotective effects of beta-estradiol on status epilepticus-induced hippocampal damage will be discussed.
Avian feet, crocodilian food and the diversity of larger birds in the early Eocene of Messel

The lower Eocene lacustrine sediments of the Messel fossil site in Germany yielded a very rich and diversified avifauna. Most of the well-preserved skeletons stem from small-sized birds, whereas complete specimens of larger avian species are rare. There exist, however, a number of isolated feet of larger birds, eight of which are described in the present study. Except for one, all of these specimens exhibit broken leg bones with missing ends, which suggests that they represent feeding remains of predators or scavengers. Crocodilians, which are very abundant and diversified in the fossil record of Messel, are the most likely candidates, and the preservation of the Messel feet corresponds well with that of unambiguous crocodilian feeding remains from the late Oligocene of Europe. The eight feet described in the present study belong to just as many different species, most of which are otherwise unknown in the fossil record of Messel. Except for one, all specimens probably are from terrestrial taxa. These fossils attest to a hidden diversity of medium-sized to large terrestrial birds in the Messel palaeoenvironment and a bias in the taphonomic composition of the bird community towards the remains of small to medium-sized avian species.
Survivable multicast communication in bus-based networks

Despite the increasing number of applications that benefit from multicasting, most reliable multicast protocols consider omission faults only. This research is concerned with survivability of multicast communication where the communication medium is shared among the hosts. The approach presented specifies that a network with n nodes is resistant against network omissions and malicious nodes if n ≥ 2t + 2, where t is the number of malicious faults. The simulation results show that the network traffic is dynamically adapted to the rate of faults and that the network performs well under omission and malicious faults, unless the rate of faults is high.
Spatial Behaviors of Individuals in Cities: Case Studies in Data Tracking and Scaling

The nexus of changes in personal technology and human behavior has created new opportunities to understand cities by mapping the large-scale movements of goods and people through the use of GPS and GIS. Examples now abound making use of these technologies at the large-scale; we have chosen to look more carefully at individuals in cities. Our research has produced initial detailed studies from which more general urban behavioral and space syntactical patterns begin to emerge. We present two case studies that use food as a proxy resource relative to behavior. Our data collection methodology included both digital and traditional techniques, and our evolving analytical methodology draws upon visualization, interview-based observations and statistical analysis to offer qualitative and quantitative observations.
Impact of introduction of endoscopic ultrasound on volume, success, and complexity of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a tertiary referral center.

Background and Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is commonly used to examine pancreaticobiliary disorders. We hypothesize that the introduction of EUS service may change the pattern and the complexity of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) performed. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of introducing EUS on the volume, success, and complexity of ERCP. Materials and Methods: This is a single-center retrospective data review of ERCP procedures done “before” and “after” the introduction of EUS (before EUS and after EUS). Patients' demographics, ERCP indications, types of sedation, therapeutic interventions, outcomes, complications, and complexity of ERCP were collected. The categorical and continuous variables were compared using Fisher's exact test and the unpaired t-test, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compare ERCP outcomes. Results: A total of 945 ERCPs performed over a 3-year period between January 2010 and January 2013 (411 and 534 in the “before EUS” and “after EUS” time periods, respectively) were included in this study. There was a 30% relative increase in the volume of ERCPs after the introduction of EUS. ERCP success rate was higher after the introduction of EUS, even after adjusting the complexity grade [odds ratio (OR) = 4.54, P = 0.001]. Significant increase in the complexity of ERCP was observed after the introduction of EUS service. The OR of performing grade 4 ERCP was 4.44 (P = 0.0005) after the introduction of EUS. Conclusions: The introduction of a new EUS service in our tertiary referral university medical center is associated with an increase in the volume, success, and complexity of ERCP procedures. EUS expertise may be valuable for better ERCP outcomes.
Design and performance analysis of ultra-massive multi-carrier multiple input multiple output communications in the terahertz band

Terahertz (THz)-band communication is envisioned as a key wireless technology to satisfy the need for much higher wireless data rates. To date, major progress in electronic, photonic and plasmonic technologies is finally closing the so-called THz gap. However, the exceedingly large available bandwidth at THz frequencies comes at the cost of a very high propagation loss. Combined with the power limitations of THz transceivers, this results in very short communication distances. Moreover, the absorption by water vapor molecules further splits the THz band in multiple transmission windows, which shrink as the transmission distance increases. To overcome these limitations, the concept of Ultra-Massive Multi-Carrier Multiple Input Multiple Output (UMMC MIMO) communication, which relies on the use of ultra-dense frequency-tunable plasmonic nano-antenna arrays, has been recently proposed. In this paper, the end-to-end performance of a UMMC MIMO link is analytically and numerically investigated. More specifically, an optimization framework is developed to determine the information capacity of UMMC MIMO communication by taking into account both the capabilities of THz plasmonic nanoantenna arrays and the peculiarities of the THz channel. In relation to the arrays, the frequency tunability of each individual element in the transmitter’s and receiver’s plasmonic arrays is taken into account. In terms of the channel, the impact of the spreading loss and the molecular absorption loss is considered. Extensive numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed communication scheme.
Investigational Janus kinase inhibitors in development for myelofibrosis.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Since the discovery of the activating V617F mutation in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), a number of pharmacologic inhibitors of JAK2 have entered clinical trials for patients with myelofibrosis. However, ruxolitinib, approved in 2011, remains the only one currently available for treatment of myelofibrosis, with many others having been discontinued for toxicity, and considerable uncertainty surrounding the future of those still in development.Areas covered: The available clinical data on pacritinib and momelotinib, the two agents in the most advanced phases of clinical testing in myelofibrosis, are examined in detail. NS-018 and INCB039110, selective inhibitors of JAK2 and JAK1, respectively, are also discussed. Finally, the JAK2 inhibitors no longer in clinical development are summarized in tabular form.Expert opinion: The different agents evaluated clearly differ in their kinomes, toxicity profiles and potential for myelosuppression. If approved, the JAK2-specific non-myelosuppressive inhibi...
Modeling and simulation of a photovoltaic/thermal air collector assisting a façade integrated small scale heat pump with radiant PCM panel

Abstract Integration of photovoltaic/thermal air-based systems into office facade retrofit projects using small scale decentralized heat pumps with low temperature short term storage using a radiant phase change material panel (RPCMP) is presented for a south facing office building perimeter zone. The concept can be applied in building facade retrofits, where both facade and mechanical systems are to be replaced. A numerical study is carried out for a case study building in Saskatoon, Canada. A numerical model is developed and the concept is theoretically compared to an all-air system for several consecutive design days. Electric power demand reduction of 14,5% for these design days can be achieved, if the facade integrated photovoltaic system would be supplying energy to the perimeter zone for heating and plug load applications. A reduction in heating coil heating power demand of 11.3% is achieved for the mentioned design days when compared to an all-air system.
From the sublime to the ridiculous and everything in-between: Fifty things you may or may not know about Miranda v. Arizona

The purpose of this article is to give Miranda a proper celebration with a 50-point reflection highlighting some of Miranda’s ups, downs and in-betweens. The goal is to thoughtfully (and briefly) reflect on the various trials and tribulations of one the most important cases in our constitutional history. By bringing these disparate concepts together in one piece, the hope is that they will do Miranda justice, for as Chief Justice Rehnquist declared, “the warnings have become part of our national culture.”
Long term safety and stability of gold coil fiducially markers in non small cell lung cancer image guided radiotherapy

Background Fiducial markers aid in tumor localization during radiotherapy of lung cancer We investigated the long term stability and safety of gold coil fiducial markers in non small cell lung cancer NSCLC patients Methods Markers were implanted at our institution in patients included in this analysis who underwent either conventionally fractionated radiochemotherapy or stereotactic body radiotherapy SBRT in one patient Follow up CT scans were used to assess the coil stability Results out of fiducials remained in the same anatomical location with an average follow up of years range months to years after implantation None of the markers caused any toxicity Conclusion These data illustrate that image guidance using fiducial gold coil markers is feasible in NSCLC radiotherapy with excellent long term marker retention rate and procedural safety
Maximum Step Length Test Performance in People With Parkinson Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Maximum Step Length Test (MSLT), a measure of one's capacity to produce a large step, has been studied in older adults, but not in people with Parkinson disease (PD). We characterized performance and construct validity of the MSLT in PD. METHODS Forty participants (mean age: 65.12 ± 8.20 years; 45% female) with idiopathic PD completed the MSLT while "OFF" and "ON" anti-PD medication. Construct validity was investigated by examining relationships between MSLT and measures of motor performance. The following measures were collected: Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, gait velocity, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale subsection III (MDS-UPDRS III), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. A repeated-measures analysis of variance tested for main effects of medication and stepping direction and the interaction between the 2. Pearson or Spearman correlations were used to assess the relationships between MSLT and motor performance measures (α = 0.05). RESULTS Regardless of medication status, participants stepped further in the forward direction compared with the backward and lateral directions (P < 0.001). Participants increased MSLT performance when ON-medication compared with OFF-medication (P = 0.004). Regardless of medication status, MSLT was moderately to strongly related to Mini-BESTest, TUG, and 6MWT. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS People with PD stepped furthest in the forward direction when performing the MSLT. Increased MSLT performance was observed in the ON-medication state compared with OFF-medication; however, the small increase may not be clinically meaningful. Given the relationships between the MSLT and the Mini-BESTest, 6MWT, and TUG, MSLT performance appears to be associated with balance and gait hypokinesia in people with PD.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A186).
Reenacting Exodus and the Civil War: Passover and All Other Nights by Dara Horn

This article discusses how Dara Horn recuperates the integral roles played by Jewish Americans in the Civil War by using reenactment as a structuring concept in her novel All Other Nights (2009). Given that the Passover seder entails a kind of historical reenactment of the ancient Israelites’ exodus from Egypt, Horn casts the antebellum period itself not only in terms of competing interpretations of the Book of Exodus, but also as reenactments of key moments in Jewish history from antiquity through the mid-nineteenth century. Just as the seder is meant to strengthen Jewish communal bonds and inspire Jews to apply Exodus to their present context, the protagonist’s various personal reenactments, from childhood memories to various religious rituals, show him how learning about Jewish history and religion might motivate civic engagement in the United States. All Other Nights consequently poses a problem: how might Jewish Americans both prioritize communal ties while also putting Judaic principles into practice on behalf of others? Ultimately, I suggest the novel argues for Jewish solidarity with African American liberation struggles while also shedding light on the specific complexities of Jews’ experiences on each side of the Mason Dixon line. All Other Nights emphasizes the enduring importance of viewing Jewish Americans as a distinct ethno-religious group whose very Yiddishkeit existed generations before, and yet has also been shaped by, a nation riven over chattel slavery.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes Associated with Receiving an Earlier Versus Later Diagnosis of Probable Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND Effectiveness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments may depend critically on the timeliness of intervention. OBJECTIVE To compare characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with probable AD (prAD) based on time elapsed from first onset of cognitive decline. METHODS Patients with ≥1 prAD diagnosis and ≥1 follow-up visit were selected from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS; 9/2005-6/2015) and stratified based on the time between the perceived onset of cognitive decline at baseline and first prAD diagnosis (i.e., earlier versus later diagnosis). Characteristics at baseline and prAD diagnosis, clinically meaningful progression, and medication use following prAD diagnosis were compared. RESULTS Median time from perceived onset of cognitive decline to prAD diagnosis was 4.5 years (earlier diagnosis: ≤3.46; later diagnosis: >5.71). Earlier-diagnosed patients (n = 1,476) were younger at baseline (74.3 versus 76.3 years) and had better cognitive and functional scores than later-diagnosed patients (n = 1,474). At first prAD diagnosis, earlier-diagnosed patients had lower mean global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score (0.8 versus 1.1), higher mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (22.6 versus 20.0), and lower mean Functional Activities Questionnaire (11.6 versus 17.3). Earlier- and later-diagnosed patients experienced similar time to a decrease of ≥3 points in MMSE (median 23.2 versus 23.1 months, p = 0.83), but earlier-diagnosed patients had longer time to a CDR score of ≥2 points, and longer times to initiation of AD medication and antipsychotic agents (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Earlier prAD diagnosis in NACC data is associated with higher cognitive function and lower functional impairment at diagnosis.
Virginia’s Slavery Deliberations:

For many deliberative theorists, the importance of a public exchange of reasons lies in its capacity to improve the quality of democratic decision making. The 1831-1832 debate over abolishing slave...
Assessing student perceptions of the Pharm.D. degree at a private tertiary medical university in India

Background: Pharmacy education in India has expanded to include the Doctorate of Pharmacy degree (Pharm.D.). With clinical practice in early development, job opportunities in India are limited. Graduates often consider pharmacy opportunities abroad. Aims: This study compares Indian students’ career aspirations related to the Pharm.D. degree before and after beginning their programmes. Methods: A 5-point Likert scale paper survey with open ended questions was distributed to all Pharm.D. students (Year 1- 6) at a medical university in India. Results: With a response rate of 83% (144/173), over half of the students’ primary goal was to pursue careers abroad post-graduation (54.2% before, 51.4% after). Data from the last three graduating classes indicated that 28.3% travelled abroad for future studies while 62.3% secured positions in India. Conclusions: Opportunities abroad remain challenging for Indian trained Pharm.D.s’; graduates may consider the expanding clinical opportunities in India.
ANTIGEN MAPPING FOR T CELL RECOGNITION: IMMUNE RESPONSE GENE CONTROL OF DETERMINANT SELECTION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents experimental results of antigen mapping for T-cell recognition. To evaluate some aspects of the mechanism by which T cells recognize soluble antigens, the guinea-pig T cells proliferative response to insulin is undertaken. The chapter describes immune response genes controlling the T-cell response to different determinants in the same molecule and presents a comparison of the T cell and antibody specificities recognizing pork insulin. Different immune response genes can operate for T-cell recognition of different determinants in the same antigenic molecule, and the antigenic specificity recognized by proliferating T cells is not necessary the same specificity recognized by antibodies directed against the same antigen.
Some Purely Deterministic Processes

The linear prediction problem as it arises in the case of stationary processes has attracted much attention. The problem has been studied most intensively when the prediction error is known to be positive. It is of some interest to consider a few simple situations in which the prediction error is zero, especially as a situation of this sort arises in Neumann’s theoretical model of storm-generated ocean waves [3]. I shall, unfortunately, not be able to discuss the problem that arises in the context of Neumann’s model in any detail.
Functional Outcomes in Schizophrenia

A recent expert panel has proposed consensus criteria for remission in schizophrenia. They distinguished remission from recovery, noting that the latter outcome was likely to require not only remission of symptoms, but also improvement in cognitive and psychosocial functioning. The panel deferred the task of establishing operational criteria for recovery since there was insufficient research on the topic. This article provides a summary of this still "uncharted" aspect of treatment.
An Evaluation of Algorithms for Synchrophasor Missing Data Recovery

Rising numbers of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are being installed in the North American power grid, allowing for a large amount of system dynamics to be collected at high sampling rates. The data collection process requires a phasor data network, which due to congestion, results in missing data affecting the reliability of applications using PMU data. Low-rank matrix methods have been proposed as tools to recover missing PMU data. The PMU data recovery performance of three existing algorithms, namely, the Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) algorithm, the OnLine Algorithm for PMU data processing (OLAP), and the Jones-Pal-Thorp extrapolation algorithm, as well as a modified version of the OLAP algorithm proposed in this paper, is investigated using historic PMU data from the New York and New England power systems.
Radio Frequency Tomographic Reconstruction Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural network based radio frequency tomographic reconstruction is explored in this study. Due to the limited amount of sensors used in RF tomographic imaging system, analytical reconstruction such as filtered back-projection usually generates strong artifacts in the reconstructed images. The state of art algebraic reconstruction methods use prior knowledge to regularize reconstruction and reduce artifacts, but suffer from high computational complexity. Our study shows reconstruction based on convolutional neural network, a learning based approach, is effective in removing artifacts caused by limited number of sensors, and has low computational cost, which makes it suitable for real-time applications.
Human Papillomavirus: From Basic Science to Clinical Management for Preclinical Medical Students

Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with 30,000 cancer diagnoses a year, but the HPV vaccination is administered less frequently than other vaccinations. Future providers are a po...
Role for Intra-arterial Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Endovascular approach has established itself as a cornerstone in the acute and subacute management of strokes related to large vessel disease. The recent strides achieved in the field of hyperacute interventions have impacted the systems of stroke care and provision. Networks are realigning their triaging protocols, and primary stroke centers are increasingly affiliating with tertiary, thrombectomy-capable centers. There is ongoing debate in the field about the value of systemic thrombolysis in patients with suspected Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO) and an inclination to bypass primary stroke centers in favor of thrombectomy-capable hospitals in these cases. While thrombectomy benefits have been elucidated in large populations, refining patient selection, advancement of procedural techniques, and the prevention of procedural complications continue to be targets of ongoing research. New clot retrieval devices, catheters, Embolic Protection Devices (EPD)s, and implantable stents are being developed and produced at higher rates than ever in the history of this field.
Transplanted fat adapts to the environment of the recipient: An animal study using a murine model to investigate the suitability of recipient obesity mismatch in face transplantation.

Abstract Introduction Face transplantation can offer patients with severe facial deformities a better quality of life, but questions of donor suitability remain unanswered. The aim of this study is to determine how an obesity mismatch between donor and recipient affects facial fat graft retention and cellular properties, potentially increasing the donor pool substantially. We hypothesized that facial fat would respond to the microenvironment of the recipient and developed an animal model to evaluate this hypothesis. Methods This study utilized 30 C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and 30 diet-induced obese (DIO), immunologically identical mice. One hundred seventy-five micrograms of perigonadal fat was harvested from 10 mice from each group and transplanted to the subcutaneous scalp of the remaining mice. Ten DIO mice were implanted with DIO donor fat and 10 with WT donor fat. The 10 WT mice were implanted with DIO fat and 10 with WT fat. Recipients underwent micro-CT scans at 2 days and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks postoperation. Scans were 3D-reconstructed to assess transplanted fat volume. At 12 weeks, the transplanted fat was analyzed by hematoxylin–eosin staining. Results Volume retention of the transplanted fat depended on recipient phenotype, which was confirmed through ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls test. Graft volume with a DIO recipient increased with both a DIO (25.6%) and a WT (24.4%) donor from 2 days to 12 weeks postoperation. In a WT recipient, graft volume decreased when the donor was WT (54.0%) and DIO (53.0%). Average cellular volume was also dependent on the recipient phenotype. Conclusion This study demonstrates that fat transplanted to the facial region responds to the surrounding microenvironment both macroscopically and microscopically. This study has large implications in donor suitability in face transplant, as it indicates that a donor–recipient obesity mismatch may be acceptable.
Divided government in Latin America

The literature on divided government focuses on the relationship between divided government and its size and has found that governments are limited when divided government exists. Fewer studies hav...
Profiling solute-carrier transporters in key metabolic tissues during the postpartum evolution of mammary epithelial cells from nonsecretory to secretory

Modifications in the abundance of solute-carrier (SLC) transcripts in tandem with adjustments in genes-associated with energy homeostasis during the postpartum transition of the mammary epithelial ...
Predicting Metropolitan Crime Rates Using Machine Learning Techniques

The concept of smart city has been gaining public interests with the considerations of socioeconomic development and quality of life. Smart initiatives have been proposed in multiple domains, such as health, energy, and public safety. One of the key factors that impact the quality of life is the crime rate in a metropolitan area. Predicting crime patterns is a significant task to develop more efficient strategies either to prevent crimes or to improve the investigation efforts. In this research, we use machine learning techniques to solve a multinomial classification problem where the goal is to predict the crime categories with spatiotemporal data. As a case study, we use San Francisco crime data from San Francisco Police Department (SFPD). Various classification methods such as Multinomial Logistic Regression, Random Forests, Lightgbm, and Xgboost have been adopted to predict the category of crime. Feature engineering was employed to boost the model performance. The results demonstrate that our proposed classifier outperforms other published models.
An Overview of the Grapefruit Market in France

The authors of this 4-page fact sheet, Yan Heng, Mitzey Tejeda, and Lisa House, used a national survey to analyze and understand French consumer preferences and consumption behavior regarding grapefruit. They found that more than half of the respondents were willing to purchase grapefruit in the upcoming year, suggesting that French consumers hold an overall positive image of grapefruit. As a major and well-recognized supplier providing high-quality products, Florida has the opportunity to continue producing and exporting grapefruit to France. Published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1072
Re-constraining massive pied-piping: An argument for non-interrogative CPs

Unlike traditional wh -movement and obligatory pied-piping, massive pied-piping is restricted in the types of clauses in which it may occur. Heck (2004, 2008) argues that massive pied-piping constructions are restricted to non-subordinate clauses in English. This paper (i) investigates the availability of massive pied-piping of DPs in complements of know and surprise -type predicates; (ii) proposes a revised generalization on massive pied-piping that restricts the construction to non-interrogative clauses; and (iii) proposes a hybrid analysis that combines Cable's (2010) Q-movement analysis with Den Dikken's (2003) two-stage wh -movement operation, thus accounting for the wider set of environments covered by the revised generalization on massive pied-piping in English.
Obstructing the American Dream: Homeownership Denied and Neighborhood Crime

A persistent goal of United States housing policy is homeownership, an achievement emblematic of the American Dream. Homeownership also plays an essential role in stabilizing communities and protec...
Case studies in real-time fault isolation in a decentralized wastewater treatment facility

Abstract Decentralized wastewater treatment (WWT) can be an energy and resource efficient alternative to the traditional, centralized WWT paradigm for water-stressed communities. However, to operate economically, decentralized facilities do not typically have a WWT operator on-site full-time, so a real-time monitoring scheme is needed to quickly detect system faults and isolate the features associated with or affected by faults to ensure adequate treated water quality. Data collected from WWT facilities exhibit temporal dependence and experience natural fluctuations in the mean due to environmental and operator-controlled factors, violating the assumptions of many existing fault detection and isolation (FD&I) methods. To address this, we develop a complete data-driven FD&I method tuned to handle the unique features of WWT data that can be run in real-time and illustrate how it performs with data from a decentralized WWT facility in Golden, Colorado, USA. Enhanced visualization techniques are designed to assist operators in identifying features associated with the fault. We present three case studies with known faults and demonstrate how this method can aid operators in detecting and diagnosing the cause of a fault more quickly.
Exploiting DNA repair defects in triple negative breast cancer to improve cell killing.

Background:The lack of molecular targets for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited treatment options and reduced survivorship. Identifying new molecular targets may help improve patient ...
Altered Enhancer and Promoter Usage Leads to Differential Gene Expression in the Normal and Failed Human Heart.

Background: The failing heart is characterized by changes in gene expression. However, the regulatory regions of the genome that drive these gene expression changes have not been well defined in hu...
Scheduling Fault Recovery Operations for Time-Critical Applications

This paper introduces algorithms for scheduling fault recovery operations on systems which must preserve the timing correctness of critical application tasks in the presence of faults. The algorithms are based on methods to reserve time for the processing of recovery tasks at the design stage. This allows recovery tasks to be scheduled with very low run-time overhead, complementing or reducing the need for hardware replication to support dependable operation. Although previous work has advocated the use of reservation methods, there exists no formal methodology for allocating such time. A methodology is developed which facilitates the difficult task of verifying the timing correctness of a desired reservation strategy. In addition, simulation results are presented which give insight into the effectiveness of different reservation strategies in averting timing failures under a variety of transient recovery loads.1
Evaluation of Drive Topologies for Macro Scale Synchronous Electrostatic Machines

Macro scale electrostatic machines have promising characteristics for low speed direct drive applications. However, their medium voltage (7kV) and low current (<1A) characteristics provide a unique challenge for power electronics. Models for the semiconductors, electrostatic machine, and magnetic components were combined to perform a simulation-based comparison between the standard two-level voltage and current source inverter topologies. A low current 10 kV JFET super-cascode was modelled based off static and dynamic characterizations for the switch. Inductors were designed for the CSI dc-link and the VSI output filters and the improved generalized steinmetz equation algorithm modeled magnetic core loss. System losses and harmonic content, combined with implementation considerations, form a basis to compare the two inverter topologies. The comparison shows that the current source inverter is a better choice for a variable-speed drive with a wide operating range, especially at higher speeds. The voltage source inverter topology is speed limited due to the resonance between the inductive output-filter and capacitive machine. However, at low speeds, the VSI can provide high efficiency (∼90%) over a wide operating range, suitable for “position and hold” applications.
Environmental implications of perishables storage and retailing

Abstract A frequently overlooked topic in the food life cycle assessment studies is the environmental impact of food storage and retailing. In the cold food supply chains, the perishables distribution centers (PDCs) and supermarkets play a vital role and are the most energy–intensive commercial buildings due to cooling. Thus, this study focused on energy, water, and refrigerant use of PDCs and supermarkets and their implications on the environmental impacts of perishables in the United States. First, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to calculate the climate change impact, non–renewable energy use, and water scarcity impact of perishables freezers and coolers and supermarkets’ departments. In addition, the national storage and supermarket impacts were allocated to different perishables based on the average food length of stay, storage packability, and supermarket sales. For example, in California, which has the largest retailing network, the PDCs and supermarkets produce more than 3,941 million kg of CO2-eq, 61,920 million of MJ, and 302 million of m3 annually over their life cycle. The climate change impact results for an average length of stay of perishables at the storage was from 1.9E-04 to 0.016 kg CO2-eq/kg for vegetables and fruit, respectively, and for retailing from 0.002 to 8.12 kg CO2-eq/kg for fish and seafood and frozen seafood, respectively. The research provided flexible and adaptive formulae, procedures, and data, which can be used to assess the environmental impacts of perishables storage and retailing in any state. As the cold food supply chain expands, this research may help reduce environmental impacts of food storage and retailing, inform future storage and supermarket management and planning, optimize the supply chain network design, and provide support for a more effective food waste policy.
Acidic pH is a Metabolic Switch for 2‐Hydroxyglutarate Generation

2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG) is an important epigenetic regulator, with potential roles in cancer and stem cell biology. The D (R) enantiomer (D‐2‐HG) is an oncometabolite generated from α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), while L (S) 2‐HG is generated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in response to hypoxia. Since acidic pH is a common feature of hypoxia, as well as tumor and stem cell microenvironments, we hypothesized that pH may also impact cellular 2‐HG levels. Herein we report that cytosolic acidification under normoxia moderately elevated 2‐HG in cells, and boosting endogenous substrate α‐KG levels further stimulated this elevation. Studies with isolated LDH‐1 and MDH‐2 revealed that generation of 2‐HG by both enzymes was stimulated several‐fold at acidic pH, relative to normal physiologic pH. Furthermore, acidic pH was found to inhibit the activity of the mitochondrial L‐2‐HG removal enzyme L‐2‐HG dehydrogenase. We conclude that acidosis is an important and previously overlooked regulator of 2‐HG levels, with implications for 2‐HG signaling.
Does Embedding Restricted Interests of Students with Autism in Text Improve Reading Comprehension

Reading comprehension deficits are common for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but there are few studies that have examined specific strategies for teaching reading comprehension to this population. The current study investigated the effect of embedding the restricted interests (RI) of two high school students with ASD in text on reading comprehension performance using a single-subject, multi-element research design. Neither participant showed an increase in the number of relevant words shared during oral retell and only one participant showed an increase in the percent of correctly answered reading comprehension questions. Embedding the RI in text more frequently did not impact reading comprehension performance. The results indicate there are potential variables that may limit the effect of embedding the RI of students with ASD in text on reading comprehension.