cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The nonunion grievance procedure: a viable system of due process?

This article reviews and critiques the literature covering the functions, structure, and viability of the nonunion grievance procedure. The authors give several arguments in support of their position that the benefits outweigh the costs of such a procedure for unorganized staff whether viewed in terms of society, the employee, or the labor market parties. Next the article briefly summarizes the empirical literature reporting on the operation of nonunion grievance procedures in a number of private-sector firms. These results are linked to the two conceptual models of an effective grievance procedure advanced by Yenney and Epstein. The authors, based on their assessment of organizational practice, identify several potential and real problems with the presently operating nonunion grievance systems in most American firms. Finally, the article concludes with a set of research propositions that systematically address both the current criticisms of the viability of such a procedure and whether most grievance procedures covering unorganized employees meet the standards of due process and organizational justice generally found in union grievance systems.
Profile-Based LC-MS Data Alignment--A Bayesian Approach

A Bayesian alignment model (BAM) is proposed for alignment of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data. BAM belongs to the category of profile-based approaches, which are composed of two major components: a prototype function and a set of mapping functions. Appropriate estimation of these functions is crucial for good alignment results. BAM uses Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to draw inference on the model parameters and improves on existing MCMC-based alignment methods through 1) the implementation of an efficient MCMC sampler and 2) an adaptive selection of knots. A block Metropolis-Hastings algorithm that mitigates the problem of the MCMC sampler getting stuck at local modes of the posterior distribution is used for the update of the mapping function coefficients. In addition, a stochastic search variable selection (SSVS) methodology is used to determine the number and positions of knots. We applied BAM to a simulated data set, an LC-MS proteomic data set, and two LC-MS metabolomic data sets, and compared its performance with the Bayesian hierarchical curve registration (BHCR) model, the dynamic time-warping (DTW) model, and the continuous profile model (CPM). The advantage of applying appropriate profile-based retention time correction prior to performing a feature-based approach is also demonstrated through the metabolomic data sets.
Requirement of Homocitrate for the Transfer of a49V-Labeled Precursor of the Iron-Vanadium Cofactor from VnfX to nif-apodinitrogenase

A vanadium- and iron-containing cluster has been shown previously to accumulate on VnfX in the Azotobacter vinelandii mutant strain CA11.1 (ΔnifHDKvnfDGK::spc). In the present study, we show the homocitrate-dependent transfer of 49V label from VnfX to nif-apodinitrogenase in vitro. This transfer of radiolabel correlates with acquisition of acetylene reduction activity. Acetylene is reduced both to ethylene and ethane by the hybrid holodinitrogenase so formed, a feature characteristic of alternative nitrogenases. Structural analogues of homocitrate prevent the acetylene reduction ability of the resulting dinitrogenase. Addition of NifB cofactor (-co) or a source of vanadium (Na3VO4 or VCl3) does not increase nitrogenase activity. Our results suggest that there is in vitro incorporation of homocitrate into the V-Fe-S cluster associated with VnfX and that the completed cluster can be inserted into nif-apodinitrogenase. The homocitrate incorporation reaction and the insertion of the cluster intonif-apodinitrogenase (α2β2γ2) do not require MgATP. Attempts to achieve FeV-co synthesis using extracts of other FeV-co-negative mutants were unsuccessful, showing that earlier steps in FeV-co synthesis, such as the steps requiring VnfNE or VnfH, do not occur in vitro.
On the 20th Anniversary of the Dysphagia Research Society

It is with great pleasure that we present this special issue of Dysphagia in commemoration of the 20th Anniversary of the formation of Dysphagia Research Society (DRS). It is hard to believe that already 20 years have passed since that cold early November day in 1992 when over 230 of us, interested in the care of dysphagia patients and engaged in research to improve this care, congregated in the inaugural DRS meeting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Participants came from a number of countries from Europe, Asia, South and North America, and Australasia and represented disciplines such as Gastroenterology, Speech Language Pathology, Otolaryngology, Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Mechanical Engineering. Over the past 20 years, the society has vigorously pursued its goals of enhancing and encouraging research pertinent to normal and disordered swallowing and related functions. It has attracted new investigators to the field and, more importantly, encouraged interdisciplinary research. It has effectively promoted the dissemination of knowledge related to normal and disordered swallowing and provided a multidisciplinary forum for presentation of research while fostering new methodologies and instrumentation in dysphagia research and its clinical applications. These goals were in concordance with those of our journal, which soon became the official organ of the Dysphagia Research Society and other dysphagia-related societies that subsequently were formed in Japan and Europe. It has been a productive and rewarding partnership. The Dysphagia journal and the Society have been effective partners to promote the field. Through this partnership, patients, clinicians, and investigators have been heard. New findings in research and treatment have been presented. Many important milestones have been passed. Parallel to the growth of the journal and the Society, dysphagia care and research has emerged from obscurity, the multidisciplinary nature of swallowing and its disorders has been recognized, and the importance of comprehensive training that incorporates the entire field of deglutition has been acknowledged. There is talk about the need for development of a new discipline: ‘‘Deglutology,’’ a unique discipline serving as a home for clinicians and investigators irrespective of their original field of training. This discipline would focus specifically on advancing the field of deglutology for the benefit of the ever-increasing number of dysphagia patients world-wide in need of better prevention and treatment. A great deal has been accomplished in 20 years and these accomplishments have paved the way to meet the challenges ahead. We congratulate the DRS members and leadership for their accomplishments and service to the field of deglutition and deglutition disorders. Happy 20th anniversary.
Terahertz radiation emission from silicon and magnesium doped indium nitride

Indium nitride (InN) is a recently discovered source of broadband terahertz (THz) frequency radiation. Emission of THz-radiation occurs upon irradiation of InN with femtosecond (fs) near-infrared laser (nir) pulses. As a narrow band gap semiconductor, InN is an exciting material for future time-domain THz-spectroscopy and THz-imaging systems powered by femtosecond fiber lasers operating at communication wavelengths (1550nm) and directly diode-laser pumped femtosecond solid state lasers emitting in the 1000-1600nm wavelengths range. Advantages of InN as THz-emitter are strong intrinsic electric fields, potentially low intrinsic carrier concentrations and a very low probability of intervalley scattering of photocarriers. Recent results on the impact of n- and p-type dopants on THz-radiation emission from InN thin films are discussed. Emission of THz-radiation from silicon (Si) -doped and native n-type InN increases with mobility as expected for transient photocurrents as primary mechanism of terahertz radiation emission. Doping of InN with magnesium (Mg) enhances the emission of THz-radiation compared to doping of InN with Si. This is experimental evidence for Mg acting as an electrically active acceptor in InN. THz- radiation emission from InN:Si is weaker than emission of THz-radiation from native n-type InN because of increased electron concentrations due to Si being an electrically active donor in InN.
Natural Language programming: Duke University

This project concentrates on the fast, efficient execution of sequences of imperative sentences for a variety of applications. The general strategy assumes that the machine controls a world of interest to the user which can be observed on a computer display screen. The user inputs sentences requesting actions to be performed on the world and observes the result of each command. If the result does not satisfy the user, he or she may request a back-up and rephase the command in clearer language. Most commands are executed in about 2 to 4 seconds making it possible to have a genuine dialog in real time in the solution of real problems.
So-Called Brightness in Color Ethnography: Potentials for LCD Technology in Fieldwork and Categorization Research

Anthropologists and philologists specifically interpret brightness naming far and wide and through time. The World Color Survey shows that minor and tribal languages name reputed brightness categories that span the spectrum. Different languages construe them with substantial variability. Yet, the composition of these categories is unexplored, hindering progress toward a cross-cultural understanding of the color sense. Further, this genre of categories is fast disappearing due to globalization. Equipment and methods that would probe this resource for the benefit of color ethnography and psychological inquiry into the nature of color categorization are suggested.
Resettlement as a desertification control measure: A case study in Darfur Region, Sudan—Part I: Review of the problem☆

Abstract The effects of desertification in the Sahel have become ever more pronounced during the past twenty years. Severe drought in the past several years has created a crisis situation for farmers throughout the Darfur region in western Sudan, especially those in Northern Darfur. Hundreds of thousands of settled farmers from Northern Darfur have responded to these twin problems of desertification and drought by migrating to Southern Darfur, an area of heavier rainfall. Even if the drought ends, the process of environmental degradation means that Northern Darfur can support fewer people and animals than in the past. After reviewing (a) the causes and manifestations of desertification in Darfur and (b) the experience with government-sponsored resettlement programs, particularly in Africa, Part I presents the argument that permanent resettlement of part of the population out of low rainfall areas could be a partial control measure for desertification, and also discusses the advantages and disadvantages associated with several approaches to resettlement. Part II will discuss issues involved in the design of a resettlement program, particularly paying attention to available resources, skills and plans of the intended resettlement population, and development strategies appropriate for the region. It is anticipated that the arguments in the paper are applicable to other areas of the Sahel experiencing similar environmental stresses.
Death penalty views in Bangladesh: An exploratory study of capital punishment views among Bangladeshi college students

Although discussion of death penalty has gained momentum in the Bangladeshi news media in recent years, no published study on the death penalty views of Bangladeshi citizens could be found in western literature databases. Based on survey data from a group of Bangladeshi college students, this exploratory study attempted to understand the views of Bangladeshi people toward the death penalty. The data indicate that, although a majority of respondents were in favor of the death penalty, support for or opposition to the death penalty is not a simple yes or no decision; rather, the degree of support or opposition varied from somewhat to very strong. This study also suggests that, in many ways, reasons for supporting or opposing the death penalty in Bangladesh are different than those in the United States.
Analysis of Impact of Various Factors on Downwind Deposition Using a Simulation Method

The drift of aerially applied crop protection and production materials is studied using a novel simulation-based design of experiments approach. Many factors that can potentially contribute to downwind deposition from aerial spray application are considered. This new approach can provide valuable information about the significant level of the impact from all factors and interactions among them that affect drift using simulation software such as AGDISP. The application efficiency, the total downwind drift, the cumulative downwind deposition between 30.48 m (100 ft) and 45.72 m (150 ft), and the deposition at 30.48 m (100 ft), 76.2 m (250 ft), and 152.4 m (500 ft) are established as the performance metrics. The most significant factors will be identified using statistical analysis based on simulation results, and suggestions for improvement will be made. Through preliminary study, the new simulation-based method has shown the potential for statistic analysis without conducting time-consuming field experiments. The new method can be used to search for the optimal spray conditions, which could be used to generate guidelines for applicators to achieve an optimal spray result. The effective use of simulation tool through the identification of significant factors can greatly simplify the field study.
Náyari History, Politics, and Violence: From Flowers to Ash

Nayari History, Politics, and Violence: From Flowers to Ash. Philip E. Coyle. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001. ix. 263 pp., figures, appendix, bibliography, index.
Photoactivated excited states of DNA repair photolyase: Dynamical and semiempircal identification

DNA damage caused by UV light radiation is often naturally repaired in a process initiated by excited state electron transfer from the photoactivated photolyase enzyme to the DNA cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion. The active cofactor in the excited state electron transfer in the photolyase is the two-electron fully reduced form of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH−). To calculate electron tunneling matrix element and model the DNA binding with photolyase, the LUMO of the FADH− calculated using extended Huckel method was previously chosen from the SCF wavefunctions. Recently, the DNA–photolyase complex was crystallized in its bound form, in good agreement with our previous model in even minute details at the active site. Here we carry out molecular dynamics simulation of the entire complex using the new experimental structure of Anacystis nidulans and identify the low-lying photoactivated states of the enzyme for the dynamical confirmations. Our results from ZINDO/S CIS calculations are compared with experimental UV spectra, and their implications for excited state electron transfer and energy transfer are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
The medial approach open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip: do the long-term outcomes validate this approach? A systematic review of the literature

Introduction Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and treated paediatric orthopaedic conditions.
Reduced palatability in pain-induced conditioned taste aversions

The current study investigated whether internal pain-inducing agents can modulate palatability of a tastant in the same way as illness-inducing agents (e.g., lithium chloride). Similar to traditional conditioned taste aversion (CTA) experiments, during conditioning the rats were exposed to a saccharin solution followed by intraperitoneal injections of either gallamine (Experiment 1) or hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl; Experiments 1 and 2). In addition to the total amount consumed, the time of each lick was recorded for lick pattern analysis. The results showed that both gallamine and hypertonic NaCl caused suppression in saccharin intake. Importantly, both lick cluster size and initial lick rate (the measures of taste palatability) were reduced as well. This pattern of results suggests that these pain-inducing agents reduce the hedonic value of the associated tastant and thus CTA is acquired. The current finding serves as evidence supporting the view that CTA is a broadly tuned mechanism that can be triggered by changes in internal body states following consummatory experience.
Translabyrinthine Removal of Cerebellopontine Angle Meningiomas

The authors report two cases of the microscopic total removal of meningiomas in the region of the cerebellopontine angle using the translabyrinthine approach. Although both tumors were larger than 4 cm, the only resulting neurological deficit was ipsilateral hearing loss. The translabyrinthine approach may be an alternative measure in dealing with these difficult lesions.
Frequency Synthesizer testing for robust design

Testing of Frequency Synthesizers is an important part of RF data link production quality and efficiency. Unmanned vehicles, airplanes, satellites, and individual communication depend upon modern day frequency synthesizers. Automated testing requires recognition of failure conditions and corrective step reporting.
Effects of complete immunotoxin lesions of the cholinergic basal forebrain on fear conditioning and spatial learning.

Administration of muscarinic cholinergic antagonists such as scopolamine impairs the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning, but the role of the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic system in consolidation is unclear. To test the hypothesis that BF cholinergic neurons are critical for acquisition and consolidation of fear conditioning, male Sprague- Dawley rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the entire cholinergic BF made either before or after fear conditioning were tested for conditioned fear to context and tone by assessing freezing and 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalization (USV) responses. Spatial learning in a 1-day water maze task provided a comparison for effects of the BF lesions on fear conditioning. In the test phase, neither pre-training nor posttraining BF lesions affected freezing to the context or tone. During both training and testing, pre- lesioned rats were impaired in production of USVs associated with fear. Postlesioned rats emitted fewer USVs only during testing. Acquisition of a spatial water maze task was mildly impaired in lesioned rats, although probe trial and cued performance was unimpaired. Nevertheless, these data suggest that conditioned fear-induced USVs are more sensitive to the loss of BF cholinergic neurons than is conditioned fear-induced freezing. The failure of BF cholinergic lesions to impair contextual fear conditioning indicates that scopolamine-induced impairments in fear conditioning may not be mediated by affecting cholinergic input to the hippocampus and neocortex. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transients in the vibrational excitation of cyclobutane decomposition using the variable encounter method

Abstract The probability of reaction of cyclobutane molecules in a fixed time interval after experiencing a known variable number of collisions with a hot surface at temperatures between 749 K and 1126 K has been determined using the Variable Encounter Method. Calculations utilizing exponential or gaussian models for energy transfer enable the average amounts of energy transferred for deactivating collisions,
Highly reduced protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae after deletion of a single heavy chain gene in mouse

Phosphocholine (PC) is the immunodominant epitope found on the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn). T15-idiotype Abs, whose heavy (H) chain variable region is encoded by the V1 gene, are dominant in the anti-PC response in adult mice and protect mice from lethal pneumococcal infection. The ability of anti-PC Abs using H chains other than the V1 H chain to protect against pneumococcal infection remains controversial. We generated V1−/− knockout mice to determine whether protective anti-PC Abs could be produced in the absence of the V1 gene. No anti-PC Abs were produced in V1−/− mice immunized with avirulent SPn; however, PC-BSA binding Abs were induced after immunization with PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin but at significantly lower levels than those in wild-type mice. These Abs provided poor protection against virulent SPn; thus, <25% of V1−/− mice survived challenge with 104 bacteria as compared with 100% survival of V1+/+ mice. The anti-PC Abs in V1−/− mice were heteroclitic, binding to nitrophenyl-PC better than to PC. None of nine hybridomas produced from V1−/− mice provided passive protection. However, the V1−/− mice produced normal amounts of Ab to SPn proteins that can partially protect mice against SPn. These data indicate that the V1 gene is critical for the production of anti-PC Abs providing optimum protection against infection with SPn, and the V1−/− mice could be useful in unmasking epitopes other than the immunodominant PC epitope on SPn capable of providing cross protection.
Nanostructured coatings for machining and wear-resistant applications

Nanostructured coatings offer great potential for various applications due to their superior characteristics that are not typicallyfound in conventional coatings. In this paper, the development and synthesis techniques of nanostructured coatings for machining and wear-resistance applications are reviewed.
Internal distribution of liquid foods in isolated workers of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta

Abstract 1. (1) Workers of different size classes of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta were fed radiolabelled liquid foods and later their crop and other body parts were monitored for distribution of radioactivity. A multifactorial design was used to test the manner in which worker-size, food-type and isolation time affect internal food-storage. 2. (2) Large workers tend to ingest more aqueous foods than do smaller workers but on an ant-weight basis, foragers of different sizes do not differ significantly in consumption of a particular food. 3. (3) When isolated, foragers tend to retain ingested oil for longer periods than sugar-water or amino acid solutions. 4. (4) Small ants are least suited for prolonged storage of sugar-water, and their crops retain a smaller proportion of ingested amino acids than do larger workers. While this supports the hypothesis that large workers serve as a trophic caste, behavioural tests are required for confirmation. 5. (5) Amino acids are retained in the crop longer than sugar-water and evidence suggests that sugar passes to the midgut more rapidly.
Ground state energy of solid molecular hydrogen at high pressure

The present status of the theoretical equation of state of solid molecular hydrogen is reviewed. Different quantum mechanical calculations by several groups lead to results which generally agree with each other but which disagree systematically with the measured pressure-volume curve at pressures larger than about 3000 atm. A new calculation of this curve is presented including the effect of the anisotropic interaction between H2 molecules within a completely quantum-mechanical formalism. The results show that inclusion of this interaction removes the discrepancy between theory and experiment at high pressures and that a quantum-mechanical treatment is necessary to realize its full effect.
Lifting Instruction to Children in an Elementary School

Many people have advocated initiating back care education early in life because back pain and injuries are so common in the adult population. This study investigated the learning of a lifting technique and the risk factors involved in low back pain with 27 sixth-grade and 28 eighth-grade public school children. The students were instructed through verbal presentation, demonstration, and a practice session. Student performance was assessed with multiple choice tests and practical performance tests. Testing was administered prior to instruction, 2 days after instruction, and 6-7 weeks after instruction. There was a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in all postinstruction scores compared with preinstruction scores in both the multiple choice and practical performance tests for both grade levels. The effectiveness of a brief instructional session on some back care education principles to children was demonstrated. Preventive intervention programs with children could be easily implemented in elementary school systems. The long-term outcome of such programs needs to be evaluated.
Fossil horses and carbon isotopes: new evidence for Cenozoic dietary, habitat, and ecosystem changes in North America

Abstract The transformation from low-crowned to high-crowned horse teeth during the Miocene has traditionally been interpreted as an adaptive response to the spread of savanna grasslands during the middle Miocene by about 15 m.y. ago. Carbon isotope data from 50 North American horse teeth spanning Eocene to Pleistocene age indicate that savanna grasslands, presumably dominated by C 4 grasses as they are today, first became widespread much later than do horses with high-crowned teeth. Prior to ∼ 7 m.y., horses had a C 3 -based diet and after 7 m.y. horses started eating C 4 grasses. This change in diet occurred when the major drop in the diversity of horses occurs during the late Miocene. The change in vegetation reflected in horses' diet may be related to a significant reduction in atmospheric CO 2 level toward the end of the Miocene which provided the C 4 grasses with an adaptive advantage and led to their expansion at the expense of C 3 plants.
Successful treatment of severe extremity pain in myelofibrosis with low‐dose single‐fraction radiation therapy

Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by cytopenias/cytoses, leukoerythroblastic blood picture, bone marrow fibrosis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Extremity bone pain can be a feature of MF. There has been one case report of a patient with MF and bone pain treated with radiation. We treated five patients with MF and extremity pain with radiation at our institution between 2004 and 2010. All patients had severe pain unresponsive to narcotic medication. Radiation was one fraction of 100 to 600 cGy. Most patients saw improvement in the pain within days and achieved a complete response within days to weeks.The response lasted between 1 month and 2 years. Retreatment was performed in four patients and achieved a durable response in three patients. No patients reported any acute or late side effects from radiation.Bone involvement in MF can cause disabling pain, but single-fraction low-dose radiation is a safe and effective treatment, often leading to a durable response. Retreatment is also safe and effective inpatients who experience recurrent pain.
Performance of the capacitive displacement measuring system of the Mark II detector at the SLC

Abstract A capacitive displacement measuring system was used to monitor as a function of time the relative position of the silicon strip vertex detector with respect to the drift chamber vertex detector of the Mark II experiment at the Stanford Linear Collider. We present data from the July to November 1990 run describing the performance of this system. The system tracked horizontal and vertical motions transverse to the beam direction to an accuracy of 3 μm over the five-month period.
New travelling wave solutions to the Boussinesq and the Klein–Gordon equations

Abstract In this work, many new travelling wave solutions are established for the Boussinesq and the Klein–Gordon equations. The extended tanh method, the rational hyperbolic functions method, and the rational exponential functions method are used to generate these new solutions. The new solutions are bell-shaped solitons, periodic, and complex solutions. The proposed approaches are also applicable to a large variety of nonlinear evolution equations.
Treatment of depression in individuals living with HIV/AIDS.

Background Depression is common in patients with HIV/AIDS, and can have an impact on quality of life, as well as various health outcomes. This study was designed to observe the efficacy of standard treatment of depression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (+) individuals in an urban psychiatric clinic. Methods This study consisted of a retrospective chart review of patients presenting for psychiatric services between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010. A total of 211 charts were examined for factors including diagnosis given at initial visit, health status, sociodemographic factors and comorbid illnesses, as well as treatment plan prescribed; of these, 132 patients were determined to be depressed at the initial evaluation (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI> 13) and to return for at least one follow-up visit. Results Of the 132 depressed patients, 48 (36.4%) reached remission (BDI Conclusions Depression is common in HIV/AIDS, and is important to treat. Furthermore, individuals with depression and HIV/AIDS respond at rates similar to what is seen in other depressed populations.
Integrating local classifiers through nonlinear dynamics on label graphs with an application to image segmentation

We present a new method to combine possibly inconsistent locally (piecewise) trained conditional models p(y α ∣x α ) into pseudo-samples from a global model. Our method does not require training of a CRF, but instead generates samples by iterating forward a weakly chaotic dynamical system. The new method is illustrated on image segmentation tasks where classifiers based on local appearance cues are combined with pairwise boundary cues.
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase of higher plant cells: biochemistry and transport function

II. Biochemical characteristics and transport function of the plasma membrane H +-ATPase . . . . . . . . 96 A. General characteristics of ATP hydrolytic activity associated with plasma membrane fractions . . 96 B. Purification of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 C. Structure of the plant plasma membrane H +-ATPase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 1. Catalytic subunit structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 2. Oligomeric structure in the native membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 3. Essential amino acids required for activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 D. Demonstration of H + transport coupled to ATP hydrolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 1. Studies with reconstituted enzyme preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2. Studies with transport-competent plasma membrane vesicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 3. H + / A T P stoichiometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 E. Role in K + transport? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 F. Lipid requirements for ATPase activity and transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 G. Effects of fusicoccin on H + transport and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage reduces paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: results of a randomized clinical trial.

Abstract Objective: Despite the use of various strategies for the prevention of spinal cord ischemia, paraplegia and paraparesis continue to occur after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. Although cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) is often used as an adjunct for spinal cord protection, its benefit remains unproven. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the impact of CSFD on the incidence of spinal cord injury after extensive TAAA repair. Methods: After randomization, 145 patients underwent extent I or II TAAA repairs with a consistent strategy of moderate heparinization, permissive mild hypothermia, left heart bypass, and reattachment of patent critical intercostal arteries. The repairs were performed with CSFD (n = 76) or without CSFD (n = 69). In the former group, CSFD was initiated during the operation and continued for 48 hours after surgery. The target CSF pressure was 10 mm Hg or less. Results: The two groups had similar risk factors for paraplegia. Aortic clamp time, left heart bypass time, and number of reattached intercostal arteries were also similar in both groups. Thirty-day mortality rates were 5.3% (four patients) and 2.9% (two patients) for CSFD and control groups, respectively ( P =.68). Nine patients (13.0%) in the control group had paraplegia or paraparesis develop. In contrast, only two patients in the CSFD group (2.6%) had deficits develop ( P =.03). No patients with CSFD had immediate paraplegia. Overall, CSFD resulted in an 80% reduction in the relative risk of postoperative deficits. Conclusion: Perioperative CSFD reduces the rate of paraplegia after repair of extent I and II TAAAs. (J Vasc Surg 2002;35;631-9.)
Cancer Migration in 3-D Environment

Cell migration plays an important role in various biological processes ranging from tissue repair to cancer metastasis. Most of the studies reported so far have investigated cell migration in a 2-D environment. However, recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in understanding migration of cells within 3-D environment recapitulating various attributes of the native environment. To this end, we have developed an approach to study the migratory transition from 2-D to 3-D on Matrigel as a model system to mimic the processes, including matrix degradation, occurring in 3-D migration. Using this system, we characterize the migration capabilities of non-metastatic (MCF-7) and metastatic (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells by analyzing (i) the penetration depth into the Matrigel required for plastic deformation of the matrix, (ii) the magnitude and distribution of traction forces generated before the elastic limit of the material. Furthermore, we examine whether the cellular motility between non-metastatic and metastatic cells converge to a similar behavior when the matrix metalloproteinase activity are altered at various levels. The degree of convergence will be determined by again analyzing the required depth for plastic deformation and the magnitude and distribution of traction forces generated before the elastic limit.
Botryllophilus symmetricus, new species (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ascidicolidae), living in a compound ascidian (Synoicum) from Madagascar

Abstract Botryllophilus symmetricus is described on the basis of females living in a compound ascidian (Synoicum), collected in Madagascar. The new botryllophiline belongs to female morphotype B of the genus (urosome with more than 5 segments) and is distinguished from the five congeners of type B by the following characters: 1) body fusiform symmetrical, elongated metasome weakly 5-segmented, and short urosome 8-segmented; 2) right and left legs 1–4 (asymmetrical in morphology) symmetrically placed, with equally wide space between 2 legs on each segment, right leg exopods unimerous subrectangular; and 3) ventral anal segment lacking ornamentation. The new copepod is the only representative of morphotype B in Botryllophilus of the Humes collection in Madagascar (1963).
Sex Differences in Personality Traits and Gender-Related Occupational Preferences across 53 Nations: Testing Evolutionary and Social-Environmental Theories

Using data from over 200,000 participants from 53 nations, I examined the cross-cultural consistency of sex differences for four traits: extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and male-versus-female-typical occupational preferences. Across nations, men and women differed significantly on all four traits (mean ds = -.15, -.56, -.41, and 1.40, respectively, with negative values indicating women scoring higher). The strongest evidence for sex differences in SDs was for extraversion (women more variable) and for agreeableness (men more variable). United Nations indices of gender equality and economic development were associated with larger sex differences in agreeableness, but not with sex differences in other traits. Gender equality and economic development were negatively associated with mean national levels of neuroticism, suggesting that economic stress was associated with higher neuroticism. Regression analyses explored the power of sex, gender equality, and their interaction to predict men's and women's 106 national trait means for each of the four traits. Only sex predicted means for all four traits, and sex predicted trait means much more strongly than did gender equality or the interaction between sex and gender equality. These results suggest that biological factors may contribute to sex differences in personality and that culture plays a negligible to small role in moderating sex differences in personality.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK PERCEPTION OF IRONWORKERS

This study evaluated factors that could influence the risk perception of ironworkers. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze data collected through a survey to ironworkers in the United States. Logistic regression was used to investigate the influence of different variables studied on the probability of workers perceiving an action as dangerous, thereby providing an indication of how workers perceive risk in the tasks that they perform. Variables that were found to be significant in the analysis were accident and injury experience, experience in steel erection and construction work, safety incentive programs, and type of tasks performed.
Numerical modeling of flow boiling instabilities using TRACE

Abstract Dynamic flow instabilities in two-phase systems are a vitally important area of study due to their effects on a great number of industrial applications, including heat exchangers in nuclear power plants. Several next generation nuclear reactor designs incorporate once through steam generators which will exhibit boiling flow instabilities if not properly designed or when operated outside design limits. A number of numerical thermal hydraulic codes attempt to model instabilities for initial design and for use in accident analysis. TRACE, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s newest thermal hydraulic code is used in this study to investigate flow instabilities in both single and dual parallel channel configurations. The model parameters are selected as to replicate other investigators’ experimental and numerical work in order to provide easy comparison. Particular attention is paid to the similarities between analysis using TRACE Version 5.0 and RELAP5/MOD3.3. Comparison of results is accomplished via flow stability maps non-dimensionalized via the phase change and subcooling numbers. Results of this study show that TRACE does indeed model two phase flow instabilities, with the transient response closely mimicking that seen in experimental studies. When compared to flow stability maps generated using RELAP, TRACE shows similar results with differences likely due to the somewhat qualitative criteria used by various authors to determine when the flow is truly unstable.
CT Scan Correlates of Sound Recognition Defect in Aphasia

This study was concerned with the relationship between defects in sound recognition and intrahemispheric locus of lesion. Previous studies have shown that defects in sound recognition are common in association with left hemisphere lesions resulting in aphasias with comprehension deficits and are uncommon in association with other unilateral lesions. Current findings indicate that defects in sound recognition, occurring within the first month post onset of aphasia, may be associated with lesions of basal ganglia, the auditory cortex (both primary and association cortices), supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and area 37. At the same time, however, a number of patients with lesions in these areas failed to show sound recognition defects.
A core-based system-to-silicon design methodology

Faced with the task of developing a complex 0.5-/spl mu/m digital demodulator/decoder, Motorola engineers developed a new design process based on reusable cores. Incorporating design, logic synthesis, and placement-and-routing tools in an automated environment, this methodology greatly reduces cycle time for complex deep-submicron designs.
Increased fatty acid synthase expression and activity during progression of prostate cancer in the TRAMP model.

BACKGROUND Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the major enzyme required to convert carbohydrates to fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that FAS activity is essential for prostate cancer growth and survival, since blocking the enzyme activity results in cell death. In this study, the role of FAS up-regulation during prostate tumor progression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model was investigated. Sensitivity to FAS anti-metabolites was also analyzed in TRAMP prostate tumor cells and tissue to determine therapeutic potential of FAS inhibition in the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS FAS expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of TRAMP tissues, including primary and metastatic lesions in mice of varying ages. FAS pathway activity was studied in vitro using TRAMP-derived cell lines and in vivo in TRAMP tissues. The sensitivity of TRAMP cell lines and tissues to the antimetabolite drugs (2R,3S)-2,3-epoxy-4-oxo-7,10-trans, transdodecadienamide (cerulenin) and C-75, which target FAS, was determined by FAS antimetabolite inhibition of 14C-acetate conversion to fatty acids, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis analyses. RESULTS High FAS expression and activity in the TRAMP mouse prostate was evident at 12 weeks of age compared with nontransgenic littermates and further increased with age, tumor progression, and in metastatic lesions. FAS pathway inhibition resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival and decreased enzyme activity in these models. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the up-regulation of FAS expression play a role in tumorigenesis of the prostate in the TRAMP model and hence can provide valuable insight into human prostate cancer. Given the response of tumor cells to FAS antimetabolites, FAS may serve as a novel target for prostate cancer therapy. Prostate 57: 245–254, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Behavioral shifts after a fatal rapid transit accident: a multinomial logit model

Abstract The Washington, DC Metrorail collision in 2009 presents a rare opportunity to study rapid transit passengers’ responses to a highly publicized rail incident entailing injuries and fatalities. To investigate behavioral responses to the accident, particularly mode shifts, we conducted a web-based survey of approximately 300 commuters traveling on Metrorail after the accident who had used Metrorail in the 6 months prior to the collision. The most common response to the accident was avoidance of the first and last train cars. Some respondents substituted some Metrorail trips with other modes or took fewer Metrorail trips. To investigate factors influencing these behavioral responses, we employ multinomial logit models to explore the statistical association between respondent and travel characteristics and the choice among the options of (1) making no changes, (2) avoiding certain seating locations, (3) changing modes of transportation, and (4) changing both seating locations and modes of transportation. Results suggest that travel inertia, specifically mode inertia, exists, in that respondents generally prefer not to make mode or travel choice changes. However, some mode characteristics, such as cost differences and frequent delays have a statistically significant association with mode switching. Gender and the presence of children in the household correlate with the option selected.
The Influence of Age-Related Cues on Health and Longevity

Environmental cues that signal aging may directly and indirectly prime diminished capacity. Similarly, the absence of these cues may prime improved health. The authors investigated the effects of age cues on health and longevity in five very different settings. The findings include the following: First, women who think they look younger after having their hair colored/cut show a decrease in blood pressure and appear younger in photographs (in which their hair is cropped out) to independent raters. Second, clothing is an age-related cue. Uniforms eliminate these age-related cues: Those who wear work uniforms have lower morbidity than do those who earn the same amount of money and do not wear work uniforms. Third, baldness cues old age. Men who bald prematurely see an older self and therefore age faster: Prematurely bald men have an excess risk of getting prostate cancer and coronary heart disease than do men who do not prematurely bald. Fourth, women who bear children later in life are surrounded by younger age-related cues: Older mothers have a longer life expectancy than do women who bear children earlier in life. Last, large spousal age differences result in age-incongruent cues: Younger spouses live shorter lives and older spouses live longer lives than do controls.
Profiles of Types of Central Auditory Processing Disorders in Children With Learning Disabilities

This article will profile five interesting cases of children with learning disabilities and auditory processing problems. These children have met a rather stringent criteria in terms of being classified as learning disabled. All subjects had normal peripheral hearning and speech discrimination ability in quiet bilaterally, with the exeption of Case 2. Each received extensive educational, psychological, and speech and language evaluations in addition to our audiological work-up. However, we will focus only on the audiological evaluations. Following each case, we will discuss the possible correlations between the presumed etiology and the unique audiological pattern on the central test battery. These five cases represent various kinds of central auditory profiles, with associated etiological correlates, which provide a categorization system for these children.
Effects of the neuropeptide DG-AVP on morphine and food self-administration by dependent rhesus monkey.

Pretreatment with the neuropeptide DG-AVP (desglycinamide9-arginine8-vasopressin) at two dose levels (25 and 125 mcg/kg) did not reduce intravenous morphine self-administration (0.25 mg/kg/inj) by morphine dependent monkeys, in comparison to pretreatment with saline or DG-AVP vehicle placebo. Food self-administration was also unaffected by DG-AVP pretreatment in comparison to control conditions. These data do not confirm previous reports of a dose-dependent suppression of heroin self-administration in rat following DG-AVP pretreatment [14].
Stability of muon-oxygen bond sites in RBa 2 Cu 3 O 7

Relative energies of muon probe sites in the chain region of RBa2Cu3O7 (RBCO) are investigated using a molecular quantum chemistry calculation for (Oμ)− embedded in a cluster of point charges to simulate local charge distributions in RBCO. Partial Cu−O chain covalency results in a O-μ...O muon site between the chain and bridging oxygens. However, Cu-μ “hydride”-like sites are suggested by results for nominally ionic clusters.
Three-dimensional turbulent flow in agitated vessels with a nonisotropic viscosity turbulence model

On a resolu les equations de mouvement comprenant un modele non isotrope k-e et moyennees dans le temps pour etudier l'ecoulement tridimensionnel dans des reservoirs agites par une turbine. Les resultats ont ete valides par des mesures des trois composantes de vitesse a l'aide d'un anemometre a fil chaud et par des donnees publiees. Le modele de turbulence non isotrope considere l'effet de rotation et de courbure de la turbulence avec un terme turbulent du nombre de Richardson et tient compte des effets tridimensionnels importants par la non isotropie de la viscosite. De meme, on a trouve que le modele de turbulence isotrope k-e frequemment utilise ne convenait pas pour decrire cet ecoulement turbulent tridimensionnel