cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional neuroimaging of acute oculomotor deficits in concussed athletes

In the pursuit to better understand the neural underpinnings of oculomotor deficits following concussion we performed a battery of oculomotor tests while performing simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Based on the increasing evidence that concussion can disrupt multiple brain functional networks, including the oculomotor control networks, a series of classic saccadic and smooth pursuit tasks were implemented. Nine concussed athletes were tested within seven days of injury along with nine age and sex matched healthy normal volunteers. Both behavioral and fMRI data revealed differential results between the concussed and normal volunteer groups. Concussed subjects displayed longer latency time in the saccadic tasks, worse position errors, and fewer numbers of self-paced saccades compared to normal volunteer subjects. Furthermore, the concussed group showed recruitment of additional brain regions and larger activation sites as evidenced by fMRI. As a potential diagnostic and management tool for concussion, oculomotor testing shows promise, and here we try to understand the reasons for this disrupted performance with the aide of advanced neuroimaging tools.
Postaxial polydactyly, ulnar ray dysgenesis, and renal cystic dysplasia in sibs.

We describe two brothers with variable expression of a unique syndrome. One sib has postaxial polydactyly of the right hand and feet, two digits on the left hand (a thumb and first digit), bilateral ulnar ray dysgenesis, ectrodactyly of one hand, and ultrasonic evidence of cystic kidneys. His brother has postaxial polydactyly and small kidneys. The parents and a third sib are normal. They do not have the Pallister ulnar-mammary syndrome but may have an unusual form of the Weyers oligodactyly syndrome. This appears to be the first report of an acro-renal syndrome with ulnar dysgenesis, oligodactyly, polydactyly, and dysplastic kidneys.
Production chains and general equilibrium aggregate dynamics

Abstract Recent empirical studies reveal that monetary shocks can cause persistent fluctuations in aggregate output. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to help generate such persistence. Our dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model features a vertical input–output structure, with staggered price contracts at each stage of production. Working through the input–output relations and the timing of firms’ pricing decisions, the model generates persistent fluctuations in aggregate output and the observed patterns of price dynamics following a monetary shock. Output responses are more persistent, the greater the number of stages of production, and the larger the share of intermediate inputs. With a sufficient number of stages, the persistence is arbitrarily large if the share of intermediate inputs is one at all but finitely many stages.
O-acylation of hydroxyproline residues: Effect on peptide-bond isomerization and collagen stability

In collagen, strands of the sequence XaaYaaGly form a triple-helical structure. The Yaa residue is often (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp). The inductive effect of the hydroxyl group of Hyp residues greatly increases collagen stability. Here, electron withdrawal by the hydroxyl group in Hyp and its 4S diastereomer (hyp) is increased by the addition of an acetyl group or trifluoroacetyl group. The crystalline structures of AcHyp[C(O)CH3]OMe and Achyp[C(O)CH3]OMe are similar to those of AcHypOMe and AcProOMe, respectively. The O-acylation of AcHypOMe and AchypOMe increases the 13C chemical shift of its Cgamma atom: AcHyp[C(O)CF3]OMe congruent with Achyp[C(O)CF3]OMe > AcHyp[C(O)CH3]OMe congruent with Achyp[C(O)CH3]OMe > or = AcHypOMe congruent with AchypOMe. This increased inductive effect is not apparent in the thermodynamics or kinetics of amide bond isomerization. Despite apparently unfavorable steric interactions, (ProHypGly)(10), which is O-acylated with 10 acetyl groups, forms a triple helix that has intermediate stability: (ProHypGly)(10) > {ProHyp[C(O)CH3]Gly}(10) >> (ProProGly)(10). Thus, the benefit to collagen stability endowed by the hydroxyl group of Hyp residues is largely retained by an acetoxyl group.
Substrates for Direct Imaging of Chemically Functionalized SiO2 Surfaces by Transmission Electron Microscopy

A significant challenge in materials characterization is the determination of the structure of nanoparticle assemblies that have been deposited on solid substrates, such as SiO2. The best method for obtaining quantitative information about structure, size, and spacing on the nanometer-length scale is TEM; however, commercially available TEM grids offer a limited range of substrate materials. In addition, the compositions of these grids do not permit much chemical processing. Here we describe silicon-based grids with electron-transparent SiO2 windows suitable for use as substrates for high-resolution TEM that can be easily fabricated using standard silicon microfabrication techniques. These grids are physically and chemically robust and exhibit the same surface chemistry and chemical stability as an oxide grown on a silicon wafer. Thus, the grids make possible the concurrent investigation of chemical and structural information on the same sample. Convenient modification of the surfaces of the grids provide...
Effect of scale size on a rocket engine with suddenly frozen nozzle flow

Recent analytical work by Bray indicates that single element, chemically reacting systems, e.g., H_2 ⇋ 2H, may suddenly freeze their composition at some point in a high speed nozzle and then remain at fixed composition throughout the remainder of the expansion. This sudden freezing or "quenching" phenomenon was also apparent in some theoretical calculations reported by Hall et al. and has been verified experimentally by Wegener. It is the purpose of this note to show qualitatively how Bray's sudden-freezing criterion is related to engine size by the scale factor for geometrically similar engines having n on equilibrium nozzle flows and in which a propellant system is used for which Bray's analysis is valid.
Variable Tolerance to Copper in Two Species from San Francisco Bay

In static toxicity experiments, tolerance to soluble Cu of the bivalve, Macoma balthica, and the copepod, Acartia clausi, varied substantially among populations sampled within San Francisco Bay. Intraspecific tolerance differed ten-fold or more for both species over relatively small distances, suggesting geographical isolation of populations is not a prerequisite for the development of intraspecific differences in tolerance by aquatic organisms.
Modeling the teaching consultant

Abstract A model of a teaching consultant is presented. The teaching consultant, an extension of the concept of a computer coach, is concerned with filling gaps in a student's knowledge base relative to a specific application. The student model used by the consultant is stored in the form of a prerequisite network, which maintains nodes of information that are connected so that prerequisite information may be readily accessed. The Teaching Consultant Model is being used as the basis for an intelligent tutoring system serving as a programming consultant for novice programmers.
A New Test (Blocking Test) for Rh Sensitization.

As was first shown by Wiener and Peters,1 sensitization of Rh-negative individuals against the Rh factor can often be detected by in vitro tests for anti-Rh agglutinins in the individual’s plasma. However, it was soon found2,3 that there are many Rh-negative patients who are strongly sensitized to the Rh factor, as proved by the occurrence of an intragroup hemolytic transfusion reaction or a baby with erythroblastosis (hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn), yet the plasma does not contain demonstrable anti-Rh agglutinins. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new in vitro test, the “blocking test,” with the aid of which Rh sensitization can be detected in many of these problem cases.
A More Valid Measurement of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients

Abstract PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine if the direct low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol assay would provide a more valid measure of LDL cholesterol in diabetic patients compared with the Friedewald equation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fasting plasma from 148 diabetic patients, 40 with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and 108 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) with triglyceride levels RESULTS: The Friedewald equation and the direct LDL cholesterol assay correlated well with beta-quantification (r = 0.969 and r=0.971, respectively) for LDL cholesterol determination in diabetic patients. Although the Friedewald equation in comparison with beta-quantification underestimated (8%) LDL cholesterol values in diabetic patients, the direct LDL cholesterol assay had a mean bias of P = 0.0005). Similar results for both the Friedewald equation and the direct LDL cholesterol assay in comparison with beta-quantification were seen when diabetic patients were subgrouped into IDDM and NIDDM. Also, the direct LDL cholesterol assay appeared to provide a reliable estimate in patients with triglycerides ≥400 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The results of our studies indicate that the direct LDL cholesterol assay is a more reliable and accurate method than the Friedewald formula for LDL cholesterol determination in diabetic patients and is more rapid and cost effective than the reference method.
Cancer statistics, 1996

The American Cancer Society's Department of Epidemiology and Statistics reports its 30th annual compilation of cancer incidence, survival, and mortality data for the United States and around the world.
Cocrystal structure of the ICAP1 PTB domain in complex with a KRIT1 peptide.

Integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 (ICAP1) is a suppressor of integrin activation and directly binds to the cytoplasmic tail of β1 integrins; its binding suppresses integrin activation by competition with talin. Krev/Rap1 interaction trapped-1 (KRIT1) releases ICAP1 suppression of integrin activation by sequestering ICAP1 away from integrin cytoplasmic tails. Here, the cocrystal structure of the PTB domain of ICAP1 in complex with a 29-­amino-acid fragment (residues 170–198) of KRIT1 is presented to 1.7 A resolution [the resolution at which 〈I/σ(I)〉 = 2.9 was 1.83 A]. In previous studies, the structure of ICAP1 with integrin β1 was determined to 3.0 A resolution and that of ICAP1 with the N-terminal portion of KRIT1 (residues 1–­198) was determined to 2.54 A resolution; therefore, this study provides the highest resolution structure yet of ICAP1 and allows further detailed analysis of the interaction of ICAP1 with its minimal binding region in KRIT1.
In Vitro Reactivation of Ancylostoma Caninum Tissue-Arrested Third-Stage Larvae by Transforming Growth Factor-β

Developmental arrest in Ancylostoma caninum is associated with preparasitic, free-living third-stage (L3) larvae, as well as anthelmintic-resilient hypobiotic L3 larvae within the tissues of an infected dog. With the tissue-arrested larvae, pregnancy and, more specifically, the hormonal effects of estrogen and prolactin mediate reactivation resulting in transmammary transmission of infection to nursing puppies. Estrogen and prolactin have been shown to be critically involved in upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 during pregnancy, and studies on the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans further implicate TGF-β and insulin-like signaling pathways with larval arrest and reactivation. In this report, an in vitro assay was used to show that neither estrogen, prolactin, nor insulin had a direct effect on the feeding/reactivation response of tissue-arrested larvae; however, TGF-β isoforms 1 and 2 both had significant stimulatory effects that were comparable to the effects of dog serum. The stimul...
LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY PRACTICES INFLUENCING IRON STATUS IN UNIVERSITY WOMEN

Lifestyle and dietary factors influencing iron status were studied in 80 university women (ages 19–26, 98% caucasian) who indicated interest in nutrition and/or health (48% were dietetics majors). Included were factors such as smoking, oral contraceptive use, and vitamin/mineral supplementation, which are common practices, but often excluded in studies of diet and iron status. Usual dietary intake was estimated using the Block-National Cancer Institute Health Habits Questionnaire (Full'87). Iron depletion (serum ferritin > 15 μg/L) was present in 34%, elevated total iron binding capacity (> 63 μmol/L) in 67%, and 5 (6%) of the women were anemic with iron deficiency. Red meat (beef, pork, lamb) was consumed ≥ 3 times per week in 26%; 0.75–1.25 times per week in 51%; and never in 24% of the subjects. Heme iron intake was not significantly different between the red meat groups, but total iron intake (including supplements) was greatest (p<0.05) in red meat abstainers. Total iron intake was positively related to hemoglobin and hematocrit in red meat eaters, but not abstainers (p<0.05). Red meat intake did not significantly influence serum ferritin concentrations. Multiple regression analysis identified total iron intake (including supplement intake), smoking and frequent dieting to lose weight as the predominant factors influencing serum ferritin concentration (R2 = 0.62, p<0.0001). Factors such as exercise and intakes of heme iron, dietary iron, energy, vitamin C, fiber, and alcohol did not influence any parameters of iron status. None of the factors studied significantly influenced transferrin saturation. Oral contraceptives and blood donation were associated with elevated iron binding capacity, whereas, supplement use was related to lower levels (R2 =0.33, p < 0.0001). In the present group of women with a high prevalence of iron deficiency, total iron intake, habitual dieting for weight loss, and smoking rather than red meat consumption were key determinants of iron status. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Inc.
Labor Shortages, Rural Inequality, and Democratization:

A large body of scholarship has asserted that inequalities in the distribution of fixed assets act as a barrier to democratic transitions. This article proposes a theoretical and empirical amendmen...
Disaster Mental Health

Disaster mental health is an evolving field of clinical practice that is carried out by a combination of clinicians and indigenous workers. It is typically a set of interventions for use after a disaster or humanitarian emergency that normalize the responses people have to the event. Situations in which disaster mental health interventions may be offered include natural disasters (e.g., tornadoes, floods, etc.), human-caused disasters (e.g., technological disasters, terrorism, etc.), school and workplace shootings or suicides, or any situation in which groups of people are believed to have been subjected to danger or exploitation (e.g., civil or human rights abridgments or cultural dislocations associated with community or “compound” legal interventions). The philosophy behind disaster mental health is that most people experience normal or common reactions to the event and only a few will develop pathological symptoms that require extensive treatment. The set of interventions employed by disaster mental health practitioners usually consists of outreach, public education, and screening for more problematic reactions to the event. People who may show symptoms of major psychological disorders (like depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) are referred to clinicians offering longer term treatment services. There are legal protections in place for disaster mental health practitioners who are part of a larger disaster response. Keywords: disaster; outreach; mental health; community psychology
Sublingual Vaccination Induces Mucosal and Systemic Adaptive Immunity for Protection against Lung Tumor Challenge

Sublingual route offers a safer and more practical approach for delivering vaccines relative to other systemic and mucosal immunization strategies. Here we present evidence demonstrating protection against ovalbumin expressing B16 (B16-OVA) metastatic melanoma lung tumor formation by sublingual vaccination with the model tumor antigen OVA plus synthetic glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (aGalCer) for harnessing the adjuvant potential of natural killer T (NKT) cells, which effectively bridge innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The protective efficacy of immunization with OVA plus aGalCer was antigen-specific as immunized mice challenged with parental B16 tumors lacking OVA expression were not protected. Multiple sublingual immunizations in the presence, but not in the absence of aGalCer, resulted in repeated activation of NKT cells in the draining lymph nodes, spleens, and lungs of immunized animals concurrent with progressively increasing OVA-specific CD8+ T cell responses as well as serum IgG and vaginal IgA levels. Furthermore, sublingual administration of the antigen only in the presence of the aGalCer adjuvant effectively boosted the OVA-specific immune responses. These results support potential clinical utility of sublingual route of vaccination with aGalCer-for prevention of pulmonary metastases.
Interactive DSP laboratories on mobile phones and tablets

The use of mobile devices and tablets in engineering education has been gaining lot of interest, due to its interactive capabilities and its ability to stimulate student interest. On the other hand, this technology can also enable instructors to broaden the scope of their curriculum and increase student participation. In this paper, we describe an interactive application to perform signal processing simulations on iOS devices such as the iPhone and the iPad. Furthermore, we describe two laboratory exercises to introduce continuous/discrete convolution and filter design. The exercises and the proposed application will be evaluated by students of an undergraduate DSP course at Arizona State University during Fall 2011. Finally, we describe the planned assessment methodology which will enable us to provide prescriptive recommendations for using i-JDSP in DSP courses.
A guide to best practices for Gene Ontology (GO) manual annotation

The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) is a community-based bioinformatics project that classifies gene product function through the use of structured controlled vocabularies. A fundamental application of the Gene Ontology (GO) is in the creation of gene product annotations, evidence-based associations between GO definitions and experimental or sequence-based analysis. Currently, the GOC disseminates 126 million annotations covering >374 000 species including all the kingdoms of life. This number includes two classes of GO annotations: those created manually by experienced biocurators reviewing the literature or by examination of biological data (1.1 million annotations covering 2226 species) and those generated computationally via automated methods. As manual annotations are often used to propagate functional predictions between related proteins within and between genomes, it is critical to provide accurate consistent manual annotations. Toward this goal, we present here the conventions defined by the GOC for the creation of manual annotation. This guide represents the best practices for manual annotation as established by the GOC project over the past 12 years. We hope this guide will encourage research communities to annotate gene products of their interest to enhance the corpus of GO annotations available to all.
Data throughput and robustness studies in a new digital image watermarking technique based upon adaptive segmentation and space-frequency representation (WASSFR)

This paper presents enhancements in the form of improved segmentation and transforms for the novel watermarking technique based on adaptive segmentation and space-frequency representation we developed earlier (Sinha, 2000). We also provide details of the robustness studies that have been performed for this novel watermarking technique. Furthermore, we describe a complete digital rights management system including synchronization and channel coding suitable for practical applications such as secure digital image distribution. The watermarking technique proposed in Sinha is based upon adaptive selection of a suitable space-frequency representation for each segment of the image. Suitable segmentation of the image for this purpose is obtained by using a new technique described there. The watermark is then added to the perceptually significant components in each of the transformed segments. The proposed approach allows for the incorporation of a significantly stronger watermark and higher data throughput when compared to conventional frequency domain watermarking techniques).
Penetration of Blade-Applied Viscous Coatings into Yarns in a Woven Fabric

We developed a model based on first principles — Darcy’s law and lubrication theory — that can be used to predict the intra-yarn penetration depth of a coating applied to a fabric using the knife-over-roll technique. We verified the model by studying the penetration of a polyurethane coating formulation onto a woven nylon substrate. The results show that the penetration depth was greatest, 41 µm, when the gap between the blade and the substrate was smallest; however, we varied application speed and coating viscosity as well as gap distance. The minimum penetration depth was 18 µm, or about one fiber diameter, as determined by analysis based on scanning electron micrographs. Although the calculated penetration depths were about three times less than the measured depths, at least in part because of the many approximations and assumptions required by our derivations that are based on first principles, we consider the agreement to be good. The work brought out another important result: neither viscosity nor c...
Direct Actions of Carbenoxolone on Synaptic Transmission and Neuronal Membrane Properties

The increased appreciation of electrical coupling between neurons has led to many studies examining the role of gap junctions in synaptic and network activity. Although the gap junctional blocker c...
Prekallikrein, kallikrein and renin in membrane fractions of rat kidney.

Two different plasma membrane enriched fractions were isolated from the homogenized rat kidney by differential centrifugation in dextran or sucrose. Marker enzymes and morphological studies indicated that one fraction (BLM) was enriched in membrane particles originating from the basolateral membrane of tubular cells, while the other, the PM fraction, contained membrane from the luminal side. Membrane-bound kallikrein and renin were found in both fractions. Kallikrein activity was enhanced by phospholipase A2, melittin and detergents. Renin activity was greatly increased after solubilization by the same agents. in addition to bound kallikrein and renin BLM contained a prekallikrein which was activated by trypsin or plasmin. BLM prekallikrein has a slower electrophoretic mobility and a higher molecular weight than urinary or glandular kallikrein. The basal membrane of tubular cells appears to contain all of the essential enzyme components of the kallikrein and renin systems. Kallikrein of the PM fraction is...
“We Speak to God with our Thoughts”: Abelard and the Implications of Private Communication with God

[God] sees there where no man sees, because in punishing sin he considers not the deed but the mind, just as conversely we consider not the mind which we do not see but the deed which we know.… God is said to be the prover and the judge of the heart… that is, of all the intentions which come from an affection of the soul or from a weakness or a pleasure of the flesh.
Unintentional injury among low-income 5-year-olds with chronic health conditions.

BACKGROUND: Growing numbers of children suffer from chronic health conditions, and initial evidence suggests chronic illness may be associated with increased child injury risk. We examined injury risk among 5-year-olds with and without chronic health conditions. METHODS: Data from a diverse US sample of 7954 low-income 5-year-olds participating in the National Head Start/Public School Early Childhood Transition Demonstration Study were analysed. Mothers reported demographics, presence/absence of eight chronic health conditions, and whether children had experienced injuries requiring professional medical attention in the past year. Primary analyses used ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: Asthma, bronchitis, recurrent ear infections, hay fever/allergies and speech problems associated with increased injury risk (OR range = 1.20-1.49 in bivariate ordinal logistic regression, ps Language: en
N-acetyl Cysteine Alleviates Cytotoxicity of Bone Substitute

Lack of cytocompatibility in bone substitutes impairs healing in surrounding bone. Adverse biological events around biomaterials may be associated with oxidative stress. We hypothesized that a clinically used inorganic bone substitute is cytotoxic to osteoblasts due to oxidative stress and that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant amino acid derivative, would detoxify such material. Only 20% of rat calvaria osteoblasts were viable when cultured on commercial deproteinized bovine bone particles for 24 hr, whereas this percentage doubled on bone substitute containing NAC. Intracellular ROS levels markedly increased on and under bone substitutes, which were reduced by prior addition of NAC to materials. NAC restored suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity in the bone substitute. Proinflammatory cytokine levels from human osteoblasts on the bone substitute decreased by one-third or more with addition of NAC. NAC alleviated cytotoxicity of the bone substitute to osteoblastic viability and function, implying enhanced bone regeneration around NAC-treated inorganic biomaterials.
CCDing in the dark (thermal imaging sensors)

A new generation of thermal imaging sensors based on charge-coupled devices (CCDs) is described, and their use in night vision systems is discussed. The advantages of custom analog CCD technology over the earlier digital approach and its noise performance are examined. Some military night vision systems are described. >
Color Pictures Using Dielectric Films

This article presents a method for the fabrication of full-color images using silicon dioxide films grown on silicon. Three different oxide film thicknesses are used to create a basis color set from which a color palette is constructed. A mathematical description is made showing how to create this color palette based on the surface area of the basis colors within a pixel. Procedures are outlined for transforming an image saved in the JPEG format into photolithography masks. Processing steps are also described for transferring the image onto a silicon wafer. Results are shown for a specific color picture. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 125–129, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20090
White noise analysis of a chromatic type horizontal cell in the Xenopus retina.

The dynamics of color-coded signal transmission in the light-adapted Xenopus retina were studied by a combination of white noise (Wiener) analysis and simultaneous recordings from two types of horizontal cells: chromatic-type horizontal cells (C-HCs) are hyperpolarized by blue light and depolarized by red light, whereas luminosity-type horizontal cells (L-HCs) are hyperpolarized by all wave-lengths. The retina was stimulated by two superimposed fields of red and blue light modulated by two independent white noise signals, and the resulting intracellular responses were decomposed into red and blue components (first-order kernels). The first-order kernels predict the intracellular responses with a small degree of error (3.5-9.5% in terms of mean square error) under conditions where modulated responses exceeded 30 mV in amplitude peak-to-peak, thus demonstrating that both red and blue modulation responses are linear. Moreover, there is little or no interaction between the red- and blue-evoked responses; i.e., nearly identical first-order kernels were obtained for one color whether the other color was modulated or not. In C-HCs (but not L-HCs), there were consistent differences in the dynamics of the red and blue responses. In the C-HC, the cutoff frequency of the red response was higher than for the blue (approximately 12 vs 5 Hz), and the red kernel was more bandpass than the blue. In the L-HC, kernel waveform and cutoff frequencies were similar for both colors (approximately 12 Hz or greater), and the time-to-peak of the L-HC kernel was always shorter than either the red or blue C-HC kernel. These results have implications for the mechanisms underlying color coding in the distal retina, and they further suggest that nonlinear phenomena, such as voltage-dependent conductances in HCs, do not contribute to the generation of modulation responses under the experimental conditions used here.
Pushing up to a point: Assertiveness and effectiveness in leadership and interpersonal dynamics

Past work on interpersonal assertiveness and organizational effectiveness paints a mixed picture: some research suggests a positive link, other work highlights negative effects. This article reviews recent research and an account that stems from a different perspective, looking at assertiveness as a factor in leadership shortcomings and failure. This approach suggests that interpersonal assertiveness is a major factor and has a curvilinear, inverted-U-shaped relationship with leadership effectiveness. I review evidence for this effect as well as social and instrumental outcome mediators. I consider moderators and boundaries, sources of individual differences in assertive behavior, prospects for changing assertiveness, and factors in the perception of assertive behavior. Beyond the specific results I review, I argue that this program of work offers value by highlighting the lens of conflict as a generative perspective on leadership. Exploring how, and how hard, leaders fight pulls in insights from a variety of literatures and prompts new research that can help expand the scholarly portrait of leadership.
Role of exercises and drills in the evaluation of public health in emergency response.

Introduction: Public health agencies have been participating in emergency preparedness exercises for many years. A poorly designed or executed exercise, or an unevaluated or inadequately evaluated plan, may do more harm than good if it leads to a false sense of security, and results in poor performance during an actual emergency. At the time this project began, there were no specific standards for the public health aspects of exercises and drills, and no defined criteria for the evaluation of agency performance in public health. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop defined criteria for the evaluation of agency performance. Method: A Delphi panel of 26 experts in the field participated in developing criteria to assist in the evaluation of emergency exercise performance, and facilitate measuring improvement over time. Candidate criteria were based on the usual parts of an emergency plan and three other frameworks used else- where in public health or emergency response. Results: The response rate from the expert panel for Delphi Round I was 74%, and for Delphi Round II was 55%. This final menu included 46 public health-agency level criteria grouped into nine categories for use in evaluating an emergency drill or exercise at the local public health level. Conclusion: Use of the public health-specific criteria developed through this process will allow for specific assessment and planning for measurable improvement in a health agency over time.
On the Role of NVRAM in Data-intensive Architectures: An Evaluation

Data-intensive applications are best suited to high-performance computing architectures that contain large quantities of main memory. Creating these systems with DRAM-based main memory remains costly and power-intensive. Due to improvements in density and cost, non-volatile random access memories (NVRAM) have emerged as compelling storage technologies to augment traditional DRAM. This work explores the potential of future NVRAM technologies to store program state at performance comparable to DRAM. We have developed the PerMA NVRAM simulator that allows us to explore applications with working sets ranging up to hundreds of gigabytes per node. The simulator is implemented as a Linux device driver that allows application execution at native speeds. Using the simulator we show the impact of future technology generations of I/O-bus-attached NVRAM on an unstructured-access, level-asynchronous, Breadth-First Search (BFS) graph traversal algorithm. Our simulations show that within a couple of technology generations, a system architecture with local high performance NVRAM will be able to effectively augment DRAM to support highly concurrent data-intensive applications with large memory footprints. However, improvements will be needed in the I/O stack to deliver this performance to applications. The simulator shows that future technology generations of NVRAM in conjunction with an improved I/O runtime will enable parallel data-intensive applications to offload in-memory data structures to NVRAM with minimal performance loss.
Aspergillus nidulans Natural Product Biosynthesis Is Regulated by MpkB, a Putative Pheromone Response Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

The Aspergillus nidulans putative mitogen-activated protein kinase encoded by mpkB has a role in natural product biosynthesis. An mpkB mutant exhibited a decrease in sterigmatocystin gene expression and low mycotoxin levels. The mutation also affected the expression of genes involved in penicillin and terrequinone A synthesis. mpkB was necessary for normal expression of laeA, which has been found to regulate secondary metabolism gene clusters.
Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Disease in the Elderly

Management of thoracic aortic diseases remains complex but has made tremendous progress over the last decades. Although thoracic aortic diseases affect patients of all ages, the older age group predominates. Clinical decision making can be particularly challenging in the elderly patients whether being an elective circumstances for asymptomatic aneurysm evaluation or under emergent situation in patient presenting with aortic emergencies such as aortic dissection or degenerative aortic aneurysm rupture. Even under the best circumstances, the operations are associated with well-know set of complications and risk of mortality that is generally higher than other operations performed by cardiothoracic surgeons. Advances both in surgical techniques, intraoperative management, and postoperative care have reduced both mortality and morbidity in recent years in all age groups. Concomitant with that increasing number of elderly patients are being evaluated and undergo complex aortic operations. This chapter will focus on the surgical treatment of thoracic aortic disease as it pertains to the elderly patients. It will not attempt to address the general management of multiple thoracic aortic syndromes that the cardiothoracic surgeon faces in detail but instead highlight studies that specifically refer to the elderly patients and the specific and unique issues that relate to that group of patients. This includes decision making in the elderly patient presenting with symptomatic and asymptomatic thoracic aortic aneurysm, acute aortic dissection, as well as addressing the issue of use of endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm in the elderly.
The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, is divided into three grades of severity: mild, moderate, and severe, based on the Glasgow Coma Scale, the loss of consciousness, and the development of post-traumatic amnesia. Although mild traumatic brain injury, including concussion and subconcussion, is by far the most common, it is also the most difficult to diagnose and the least well understood. Proper recognition, management, and treatment of acute concussion and mild traumatic brain injury are the fundamentals of an emerging clinical discipline. It is also becoming increasingly clear that some mild traumatic brain injuries have persistent, and sometimes progressive, long-term debilitating effects. Evidence indicates that a single traumatic brain injury can precipitate or accelerate multiple age-related neurodegenerations, increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease, and that repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries can provoke the development of a tauopathy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Clinically, chronic traumatic encephalopathy is associated with behavioral changes, executive dysfunction, memory loss, and cognitive impairments that begin insidiously and progress slowly over decades. Pathologically, chronic traumatic encephalopathy produces atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes, thalamus, and hypothalamus, septal abnormalities, and abnormal deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (τ) as neurofibrillary tangles and disordered neurites throughout the brain. The incidence and prevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the genetic risk factors critical to its development are currently unknown. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy frequently occurs as a sole diagnosis, but may be associated with other neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, and motor neuron disease. Currently, chronic traumatic encephalopathy can be diagnosed only at autopsy; however, promising efforts to develop imaging, spinal fluid, and peripheral blood biomarkers are underway to diagnose and monitor the course of disease in living subjects.
Greater memory impairment in dementing females than males relative to sex-matched healthy controls

Previously we demonstrated sex differences in episodic memory in healthy elderly and suggested that normative data be separated by sex. The present study extended the exploration of sex differences on memory measures into two clinical populations, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Seventy-six subjects with MCI and 101 subjects with AD diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team were included. These two groups were also compared to a group of 177 healthy elderly control participants. Sex differences on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; total and delayed recall) raw scores and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) were demonstrated within the healthy but not the MCI or AD groups. Calculating z scores by sex for both dementing groups based on the healthy controls suggested a larger performance gap between healthy and dementing women than between healthy and dementing men. MCI females were on average 0.48 standard deviations lower for total verbal learning compared to healthy female controls than were MCI males when compared to healthy male controls. For verbal delayed recall the gap was even larger (SD = 1.09). Similarly, on the BVMT-R, a measure of visual memory, the difference was 0.60 standard deviations for total visual learning and 0.99 standard deviations for delayed recall. This same sex difference, with females showing greater impairment compared to the controls group than did the males, was also present within the AD group. The greater memory impairment in dementing females rather than males when compared to sex-matched healthy controls was unlikely to be due to more severe illness since females performed equivalently to males on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Mini-Mental Status Examination, and Dementia Rating Scale, and were also similar for age, education, and apolipoprotein status. The present study suggested relatively greater memory impairment in females with MCI or AD than in controls.
Democratic Telesis and County Agricultural Planning

A GRICULTURAL planning, since the Mount Weather Conference, seems likely to become the broadest attempt at rational societal control the United States has witnessed. Unlike the National Resources Planning Board, and even the NRA, the new program is not limited to control and direction of development within a single institutional framework. Agricultural planning is unquestionably conceived, in its ultimate design, to develop an American rural social structure, not merely rural economic reform.' Obviously the efforts of planners have not been expended widely, as yet, on non-economic issues. At the present time, planning may be described largely by its increasingly less popular title "land use planning." This being the case, the sociologist might well clarify his role in present planning as well as in reference to projected institutional reforms. It seems quite sterile to insist that the role of rural sociology is simply the application of its stereotyped tools of community analysis and location, in the blind faith that the resulting "social facts" might hold value for planners. The sociological problems actually arising from the planning movement are much too significant to be shunted off in favor of the eternal urge to draw community boundaries, and gather virtually random "social facts." In the following discussion three types of problems emanating from the agricultural planning movement are discussed. These are believed to hold direct relevence to the successful operation of the
The effect of multiple anchors on the distribution of responses

Abstract Anchoring studies generally use high and low numerical estimates, or prompts, (identified as anchors) to introduce bias in the subsequent responses of those questioned. In this study, 700 students attending a university were equally divided into a control (no-anchor) group and six anchor groups. The numerical range of estimates (reference points) given to the anchor groups prior to their response was based on the responses of the control (no-anchor) group, which had been set at the 25, 50, 75, 85, 87, and 88 percentiles. With each increase in the prompts given to the anchor groups, there was a prominent increase in the central tendency (median) of their responses. In addition, there was an exponential increase in the spread as measured by the distance between the 75th percentile (i.e., third quartile, Q3) and the 25th percentile, (i.e., first quartile, Q1) of their responses. It is recommended that future anchor studies include a wide range of anchor percentiles and report the spread of the resul...
Numerical Analysis of the Performance of Pneumatic Driven 4K-GM Refrigerator

A new numerical simulation of a pneumatic driven GM refrigerator is developed. To accurately predict the refrigeration capacity of a pneumatic driven GM refrigerator operating at close to 4K, full one-dimensional governing equations for expander are solved using the finite difference method considering variable physical properties of helium and regenerator materials. Furthermore, the numerical model also includes the compressor unit to estimate its influence of pressure oscillation as well as its performance. In this paper, the calculation results of a two-stage pneumatic driven 4K-GM refrigerator, with magnetic materials in the 2nd-stage, are presented briefly. The predicted refrigeration capacity at 4K and temperature fields are in good accordance with both our experimental results and with the experimental data from the literature.
Far infrared spectroscopy of carbonate minerals

This study presents far infrared spectra in the range 650–70 cm−1 of 18 common and rare carbonate minerals. Mineral samples of known provenance are selected and physically characterized to determine the purity of the crystalline phase and their composition. The fine ground mineral powders are embedded in polyethylene pellets, and their transmittance spectra are collected with a Fourier spectrometer. The far infrared spectra of different carbonate minerals from the same structural group have well-defined similarities. Observed shifts generally manifest the mass effect of the constituent metal cations. Remarkable spectral differences occur for different carbonates in the far IR region and may serve as fingerprints for mineral identification and are more useful identifiers of carbonate species than those in any other infrared range. For some of the minerals studied here, like kutnohorite, artinite, gaylussite, and trona, no far infrared spectra to that extend (up to 70 cm−1) have been found in literature.
Enrollment Management in Medical Technology Programs

Many problems will be created if medical technology programs continue to close. Hospital and other laboratories across the country depend on the expertise and availability of medical technologists. Administrators overseeing the educational component of the medical technology program, both in the college and hospital segment, must understand that to avert an acute, widespread shortage, it is vital to maintain their programs. This must be a priority or the quality of laboratory service may be drastically reduced. Even in these times of high technology, one can only project, not predict. In looking toward the future of medical technology on the campus of the Philadelphia (Pa) College of Pharmacy and Science, clues were sought from historical data, current trends, our own optimism, and support from the President to retain our program. To have a successful program involves a great deal more than sitting back and waiting for applications to start streaming in, even if the school has an admission's office. The last three years have been devoted to implementing aggressive efforts to increase enrollment, improving recruitment methods, and creating a positive environment for the enrolled medical technology student. Demographic data were evaluated to assess location and numbers of future student markets. As statistics reveal, enrollment has met our optimistic forecast
Handedness and Reading Ability in High School and College Students

(1937). Handedness and Reading Ability in High School and College Students. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 205-210.
The design and evaluation of educative just-in-time teacher supports in a web-based environment

Researchers have advocated for the development of educative curriculum materials to support teachers as they engage in reform-oriented teaching. In this poster we report on the design and evaluation of a set of just-in-time, educative, teacher supports for an online project-based unit. Our design of the supports was informed by frameworks for educative materials (e.g. Davis & Krajcik, 2005), and we analyzed their use with 17 middle and high school teachers in a pilot study.
Net energy of ensiled wet corn gluten feed in corn silage diets for finishing steers.

Two trials were conducted to determine the NE value of ensiled wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) in corn silage finishing diets for beef cattle. In Trial 1, 96 Angus-crossbred yearling steers were fed corn silage-based diets containing 0, 20, 40, or 60% ensiled WCGF. Increased dietary WCGF resulted in improved DMI (linear, P less than .05), ADG (linear; P less than .05), and feed/gain (linear, P less than .05). Levels of WCGF had no (P greater than .05) effect on fat thickness, marbling, quality grade, carcass protein, and carcass fat. In Trial 2, four Angus-crossbred yearling steers were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the effect of feeding 0, 20, 40, or 60% WCGF on DE and ME values. Level of WCGF had no (P greater than .05) effect on dietary DE and ME values. Regression equations were developed for predicting NEm (Y = 1.51 + .0009X; R2 = .22) and NEg (Y = 1.04 + .0028X; R2 = .35) in which Y = predicted diet NE values in megacalories/kilogram and X = percentage of dietary WCGF. The NEg value increased .06 Mcal/kg for each 20% increase in WCGF. Predicted NEm and NEg values for WCGF are 1.60 and 1.32 Mcal/kg, respectively.