cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal Injuries and Microvascular Surgery

Trauma patients often present with a multitude of musculoskeletal injuries ranging from minor strains and sprains to complex open fractures and mangled extremities. Although musculoskeletal injuries rarely pose a direct threat to life, appropriate early management is critical in order to minimize significant long-term disability. Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines state the first priority of musculoskeletal injury management is recognizing and controlling hemorrhage and immobilizing fractures. During the secondary survey, limb threatening injuries are identified, with a focus on open fractures and areas of compromised vascular and nerve supply. The hallmarks of surgical management begin with wound irrigation, debridement of devitalized tissue, alignment of fractures, adequate hemostasis, and appropriate antibiotic usage. Early return of blood flow and prompt wound closure is associated with improved fracture healing and reduced infection. Since the 1960s, the ability to close wounds and reconstruct traumatic injuries has been revolutionized with the expansion of microsurgical techniques within the fields of vascular, orthopedic, and plastic surgery. Free flap reconstruction after significant musculoskeletal trauma is now a common and standard practice for closing tissue defects, providing structural repair and optimizing functionality. Knowledge of the microsurgical interventions available for traumatic musculoskeletal injuries and understanding optimal perioperative management is critical to the successful care of these injured patients.
Improved heat switch for gas sorption compressor

Thermal conductivities of the charcoal bed and the copper matrix for the gas adsorption compressor were measured by the concentric-cylinder method. The presence of the copper matrix in the charcoal bed enhanced the bed conductance by at least an order of magnitude. Thermal capacities of the adsorbent cell and the heat leaks to two compressor designs were measured by the transient method. The new gas adsorption compressor had a heat switch that could transfer eight times more heat than the previous one. The cycle time for the new prototype compressor is also improved by a factor of eight to within the minute range.
Bayesian Revealed Preferences

In this paper I identify a condition on stochastic choices from budget sets, called Bayesian GARP (BGARP), which characterizes the purchases of consumers who base their decisions on noisy signals of price. For a balanced panel of grocery purchases, I show that while most households fail GARP, BGARP is satis…ed. In addition, I show that BGARP is restrictive for this data set.
Surface Contamination Removal from Solid State Devices by Dry Chemical Processing

Many authors have discussed the detrimental results of surface contamination upon thermocompression bondability. The problem is acute when gold-aluminum intraconnections are formed, since most wet chemical cleaning procedures degrade bondability further because of residual contamination. This paper discusses the dry chemical approach of plasma cleaning to remove organic contamination from aluminum surfaces.
Framing Forgiveness: An Analysis from the Offender’s Point of View

This article examines (1) how offenders (i.e., death row inmates) express forgiveness at the moment of imminent death, (2) why certain expressions of forgiveness are used more frequently than others, and (3) whether there is any change over time in the hierarchy of preferred forgiveness expressions. Offenders frame forgiveness in religious terms for the most part and they prioritize forgiveness primarily by seeking religious forgiveness from others, and secondarily by seeking forgiveness from God for themselves. From there, a declining share of offenders use their final words to forgive others (religious context), and seek forgiveness from others (religious context). Religious coping theory explains this hierarchy as essentially an attempt to gain intimacy with others, followed by a need to establish control and gain comfort and closeness to God. The few nonreligious attempts to seek forgiveness from others are interpreted as efforts to gain empathy with one’s victims, express adaptive guilt, and engage behaviors of reparative action, while nonreligious attempts to offer forgiveness to others are interpreted as efforts to enhance psychological well-being. Analysis of change over time reveals an increase in expressions of religious forgiveness that parallels the implementation of policies that allow the family and friends of murder victims to witness an offender’s execution. The implications of these findings for the future study of forgiveness are discussed.
Biaxial Creep Behavior of Nb-Modified Zircaloys

Zirconium-niobium (Zr-Nb) alloys are used as cladding materials to encapsulate radioactive fuel in nuclear reactors. They possess excellent corrosion resistance at high temperatures making it possi...
Amino acid sequence studies of human IgA myeloma proteins.

The structure of the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chains has been a major interest of our laboratory during the past four years. Recently, we have begun the determination of the complete amino acid sequence of two IgA myeloma proteins. Other sequence studies have permitted an analysis of the distribution of heavy chain variable region subgroups among the IgA immunoglobulins.
Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Photonic Waveguide

We integrate niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) on thin-film lithium niobate (LN) photonic waveguides. Further development of this technology may push towards more complex circuits and functionalities on this already promising platform.
The Prevalence and Impact of Lymphatic Pain on Daily Living in Breast Cancer Survivors

Breast cancer (BC) survivors experience symptom clusters. Lymphatic pain, conceptualized as the combination of pain on the affected side and self-endorsed swelling of the arm is a poorly described chronic pain syndrome in BC survivors despite knowledge that women who report pain on the affected side are twice as likely to develop lymphedema. The purpose of this study is three-fold: 1) understand the prevalence of lymphatic pain in BC survivors, 2) identify predictors of lymphatic pain, 3) examine the impact of lymphatic pain on daily activities. This study is part of an NIH R01 study of 568 breast cancer survivors. Measures include Lymphedema and Breast Cancer Symptom Experience Index (BCLE-SEI) Part I and II, patient demographics, and lymph volumes. Financial instability was a significant predictor of lymphatic pain. The lymphatic pain group experienced a statistically significant difference in reported ADL impairment in all 13 tasks measured (p 5% difference. At the time of study enrollment, only 22% of study participants in the lymphatic pain carried a lymphedema diagnosis. We found that 33% of the study sample endorsed lymphatic pain. Significant predictors of lymphatic pain included financial instability and a lymphedema diagnosis. This study provides new information that financial instability is also associated with a greater risk for the development of lymphatic pain. This study demonstrated that lymphatic pain is associated with significantly more difficulties in performing daily tasks. This provides new information that lymphatic pain is an important symptom of lymph volume changes and should become part of the early lymphedema diagnostic criteria. 1R01CA214085-01.
The Association between E-Cigarette Price and TV Advertising and the Sales of Smokeless Tobacco Products in the USA.

This study aims to examine how e-cigarette prices and advertising, key determinants of e-cigarette demand, are associated with the demand for smokeless tobacco (SLT) products in the US. Market-level sales and price data by year (2010–2017), quarter, and type of retail store were compiled from Nielsen retail store scanner database. E-cigarette TV advertising ratings data were compiled from Kantar Media. Four-way (market, year, quarter, store type) fixed-effect models were used to estimate the associations between e-cigarette price and TV advertising and sales of SLT products (chewing loose leaf, moist snuff, and snus). Our results showed that a 1% rise in own price was associated with a reduction in sales by 1.8% for chewing loose leaf, 1.6% for moist snuff, and 2.2% for snus, respectively. In addition, a 1% rise in disposable e-cigarette price was associated with 0.3% and 0.6% increased sales for moist snuff and snus, respectively. The association between e-cigarette TV advertising and SLT product sales was not significant. Our results suggest that disposable e-cigarettes and certain SLT products (moist snuff and snus) are potential substitutes. Policies aiming to regulate e-cigarette use and sales need to consider their potential link with the demand for SLT products.
Abstract 791: Incidence rates of digestive cancers among US military servicemen: Comparison with the rates in the general US population

Background: Digestive cancers greatly contribute to the cancer burden in the United States. These cancers are more common among men and some are increasing among adults under age 50. Military population, which is dominantly male and young, and general populations differ in exposure to risk factors for these cancers. However, no studies have systematically investigated whether the incidence rates of these cancers differ between the two populations. This study aimed to compare incidence rates and trends of select digestive cancers between active-duty military and general populations. Methods: Data were from the Department of Defenses9 Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute9s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER-9) registries. Age-adjusted incidence rates of colorectal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers among men aged 20-59 years during 1990-2013 were compared between the two populations. Stratified analyses were done for colorectal and stomach cancers. Results: The age-adjusted incidence rates of colorectal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers were overall lower among active-duty than SEER (IRR=0.86, 95% CI=0.81-0.92; IRR=0.65, 95% CI=0.55-0.76; IRR=0.39, 95% CI=0.30-0.49; IRR=0.51, 95% CI=0.41-0.62, respectively). This was observed in the subgroups stratified by age for colorectal and stomach cancers except that among men aged 40-59 with colorectal cancer. The incidence rate of colorectal cancer was decreased the latest period (2010-2013) in ACTUR. Conclusion: The incidence rates for selected digestive cancers overall were lower in the active-duty military population than the U.S. general population. This study highlights the need for more research enhancing our understanding of variations in these cancers between the two populations. Citation Format: Julie A. Bytnar, Craig D. Shriver, Kangmin Zhu. Incidence rates of digestive cancers among US military servicemen: Comparison with the rates in the general US population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 791.
Antibiotic Utilization and Efficacy Associated With Treating Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections in Texas Medicaid Patients in the First Year of Life.

BACKGROUND Historically, amoxicillin (Amoxil) has been used as a first-line agent to treat pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, emerging resistance of urinary pathogens has led to broader treatment options, such as cefdinir (Omnicef). This shift in prescribing practices is predicted to vary among place of service and gender due to differing institutional protocols and antimicrobial stewardship practices. OBJECTIVE Describe the utilization patterns for treating pediatric UTIs across outpatient places of service and gender and to assess treatment efficacy of the antibiotics that were prescribed. METHODS Texas Medicaid prescription and medical claims data for patients under 1 year of age were included in the analysis if they presented with a UTI to a healthcare practitioner's office or the emergency department (ED) and were treated with an outpatient antibiotic. Treatment efficacy was assessed by whether a patient received a second (different) antibiotic within 7 days of their initial antibiotic fill. RESULTS A total of 12,795 visits met inclusion criteria; 12,561 visits included prescriptions for the top 4 antibiotics: cefdinir (50%), amoxicillin (25%), cephalexin (Keflex; 13%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin; 12%). Cefdinir utilization predominated in both places of service [office (50%) and ED (55%)], and gender [males (47%) and females (52%)]. Controlling for gender and place of service, initial treatment with amoxicillin when compared with cefdinir (OR = 2.54; 95% confidence intervals: 1.84-3.54; P < 0.001) was associated with a greater rate of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS In this study of Texas Medicaid patients, the widespread utilization of cefdinir may be appropriate for the empiric treatment of uncomplicated UTIs as it has a lower incidence of treatment failure compare failure compared with amoxicillin.
Experimental Investigation of Project Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle Aeroheating: Larc 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel Test 6931

An investigation of the aeroheating environment of the Project Orion Crew Entry Vehicle has been performed in the Langley Research Center 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel. Data were measured on a approx.3.5% scale model (0.1778-m/7-inch diameter) of the vehicle using coaxial thermocouples at free stream Reynolds numbers of 2.0 10(exp 6)/ft to 7.30 10(exp 6)/ft and computational predictions were generated for all test conditions. The primary goals of this test were to obtain convective heating data for use in assessing the accuracy of the computational technique and to validate test methodology and heating data from a test of the same wind tunnel model in the Arnold Engineering Development Center Tunnel 9. Secondary goals were to determine the extent of transitional/turbulent data which could be produced on a CEV model in this facility, either with or without boundary-layer trips, and to demonstrate continuous pitch-sweep operation in this tunnel for heat transfer testing.
Dietary Simple Sugars Increase the Severity of Copper Deficiency in Experimental Animals

It is well established that diets consumed by subjects living in industrialized societies including the USA contain relatively high levels of simple sugars (1) but marginal amounts of copper (2). The feeding of simple sugars such as sucrose and fructose as compared to starch, to humans and experimental animals, produces undesirable changes in blood risk factor metabolites associated with heart disease (3). Low copper intake has a similar effect on these indices (4,5). Does sucrose feeding in combination with copper deficiency have an additive effect that is greater than the effect of either of these constituents alone? The purpose of our preliminary studies was to determine if diet composition can influence the severity of copper deficiency. Specifically, can a certain dietary component such as carbohydrate magnify or depress the deficiency.
Extraposition of NPIs from NP

Analyses of extraposition from NP can be divided into those that suppose the extraposed material is base-generated inside the host DP and those that suppose it is base-generated outside the host DP. This paper presents novel evidence from the licensing of negative polarity items by the quantifier every in relative clauses extraposed from direct objects to argue that extraposed material can be interpreted internal to the host DP. These results suggest the necessity of an analysis of Extraposition from NP that permits extraposed material to be base-generated inside the host.
Spontaneous fMRI activity during resting wakefulness and sleep

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies performed during both waking rest and sleep show that the brain is continually active in distinct patterns that appear to reflect its underlying functional connectivity. In this review, potential sources that contribute to spontaneous fMRI activity will be discussed.
Reconstruction of electrical conductivity by EBA enhanced CSI method

We investigate the inverse problem of electromagnetic induction measurements by using the improved extended Born approximation (EBA) (see Habashy, T.M., J. Geoph. Res.-Solid Earth, vol.98, p.1759-75, 1993) and the contrast source inversion (CSI) method (see van den Berg, P.M. and Kleinman, R.E., Inverse Problems, vol.13, p.1607-20, 1997). For many problems, the two-step inversion method suffices. In very high contrast cases, where further improvement is needed, we apply the CSI method. However, rather than using back-propagation as the initial solution, we use the EBA inversion results as an initial profile to the nonlinear CSI method. The CSI method also uses the efficient conjugate gradient procedure and the FFT algorithm. In our implementation, this inverse method can solve typical electromagnetic induction problems with a contrast as high as 100:1.
Latinos’ Perceptions of Intergroup Relations in the United States: The Cultivation of Group‐Based Attitudes and Beliefs from English‐ and Spanish‐Language Television

This study utilized a social identity-based cultivation approach to investigate the influence of English and Spanish-language television exposure in the United States on Latinos’ perceptions of intergroup relations. Although research has examined the influence of television on Whites’ perceptions of nondominant racial and ethnic groups, little empirical research exists assessing the influence of television on nondominant group members’ (e.g., Latinos’) race-related perceptions. To help fill this gap, a survey of Latino Americans (N = 209) was conducted. Results indicated that Latinos’ English-language television exposure was associated with perceptions of discrimination against Latinos and perceptions of the legitimacy of such treatment. Endorsement of English-language television portrayals and exposure to Spanish-language television moderated these relationships.
Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication. III. Requirement for DNA synthesis.

Abstract The metabolic inhibitor 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) was used in a study of the role of DNA synthesis in the multiplication of type 2 adenovirus in suspension cultures of KB cells. Treatment with 10 −6 M FUDR stopped DNA synthesis in infected and uninfected cells and prevented virus multiplication in infected cells, while permitting the synthesis of protein, RNA, and acid-soluble nucleotides in infected and uninfected cells. It is concluded that DNA synthesis is essential for adenovirus multiplication. The time course of viral DNA synthesis was examined by two procedures: (1) FUDR was added at various times after infection and the final virus yield determined. The final virus yield is a measure of the viral DNA synthesized prior to the time of addition of FUDR. When FUDR was added up to 7 hours after infection, no virus was detected; when it was added after this time virus was formed in increasing amounts. These results indicate that viral DNA is synthesized from about 7 to 21 hours after infection; infectious virus is made from about 14 to 28 hours. (2) The FUDR-inhibition of adenovirus multiplication was reversed at various times after infection and virus growth curves were determined. Thymidine at 10 −5 M completely reversed the inhibition of virus multiplication by 10 −6 M FUDR. When thymidine was added within the first 7 hours after infection to cultures treated with FUDR at the time of infection, the growth curves obtained were identical to those of noninhibited cultures; when thymidine was added at 8–15 hours after infection, virus maturation in each case began about 7 hours later and proceeded at an accelerated rate. One may conclude the following from these experiments: (a) DNA synthesis is not required for viral development during the first 7 hours of the eclipse period; (b) the synthesis of viral DNA begins at 7 hours after infection; (c) about 7 hours of DNA synthesis is required before virus maturation is initiated.
Hepatic but Not CNS-Expressed Human C-Reactive Protein Inhibits Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Transgenic Mice

We recently demonstrated that human C-reactive protein (CRP), expressed hepatically in transgenic mice (CRPtg), improved the outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The liver is the primary site of CRP synthesis in humans and in CRPtg mice but is also expressed by both at low levels in the CNS. To determine if CNS expression of human CRP is sufficient to impact EAE, we generated neuronal CRP transgenic mice (nCRPtg) wherein human CRP expression is driven by the neuron-specific Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) gene promoter. We found that hepatically expressed/blood-borne CRP, but not CNS expressed CRP, lessened EAE severity. These outcomes indicate that the protective actions of human CRP in EAE are manifested in the periphery and not in the CNS and reveal a previously unappreciated site specificity for the beneficial actions of CRP in CNS disease.
Lipopolysaccharide interaction with lysozyme: binding of lipopolysaccharide to lysozyme and inhibition of lysozyme enzymatic activity

Experiments have been carried out to characterize the binding of lysozyme (LZM) to bacteriol lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The formation of LPS·LZM complexes can be readily demonstrated using either physical-chemical separation techniques or a radiolabeled photoaffinity LPS probe. The binding affinity of LZM for LPS has been estimated to be ∼ 108 liters/mol. Binding of LPS results in loss of LZM enzymatic activity by a noncompetitive inhibition, as assessed by either particulate or soluble substrates. This interaction of LPS with LZM is dictated primarily by hydrophobic interactions and appears to be a general property of both constituents. Binding can be demonstrated with LZM of both human and avian sources, as well as with LPS isolated from a variety of Gram-negative organisms. The addition of LPS to biologically relevant fluids containing LZM results in dose-dependent inhibition of LZM enzymatic activity suggesting that such interactions may have relevance in Gram-negative infections. Finally LZM has been shown to reduce the endotoxic activity of LPS as assessed by gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysates.
Predictors for Long-Term Survival Free from Whole Brain Radiation Therapy in Patients Treated with Radiosurgery for Limited Brain Metastases

Purpose: To identify predictors for prolonged survival free from salvage whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients with brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as their initial radiotherapy approach. Material and Methods: Patients with brain metastases treated with SRS from 2001-2013 at our institution were identified. SRS without WBRT was typically offered to patients with 1-4 brain metastases, Karnofsky Performance Status ≥70, and life expectancy ≥3 mo. Three hundred and eight patients met inclusion criteria for analysis. Medical records were reviewed for patient, disease, and treatment information. Two comparison groups were identified: those with ≥1-yr WBRT-free survival (N=104), and those who died or required salvage WBRT within 3 mo of SRS (N=56). Differences between these groups were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Median survival for all patients was 11 mo. Among patients with ≥1-yr WBRT-free survival, median survival was 33 mo [12-107 mo] with only 21% requiring salvage WBRT. Factors significantly associated with prolonged WBRT-free survival on univariate analysis (p<0.05) included younger age, asymptomatic presentation, RTOG RPA class I, fewer brain metastases, surgical resection, breast primary, new or controlled primary, absence of extracranial metastatic disease, and oligometastatic disease burden (≤5 metastatic lesions). After controlling for covariates, asymptomatic presentation, breast primary, single brain metastasis, absence of extracranial metastases, and oligometastatic disease burden remained independent predictors for favorable WBRT-free survival. Conclusions: A subset of patients with brain metastases can achieve long-term survival after upfront SRS without the need for salvage WBRT. Predictors identified in this study can help select patients that might benefit most from a treatment strategy of SRS alone.
Predicting women's alcohol risk-taking while abroad.

Numerous studies have examined risk factors that are associated with heavy alcohol use; however, much of this research has not addressed factors that specifically relate to women's alcohol use. The current study has extended the previous literature on women's alcohol-use behavior by examining factors associated with risky drinking in young women traveling abroad (n = 55). Using a pretest-posttest design, we examined the influence of disinhibition sensation-seeking and endorsement of social enhancement alcohol expectancies in relation to participation in risky alcohol use while abroad for three weeks. Analyses confirmed that disinhibition sensation-seeking and social enhancement alcohol expectancies were associated with participation in risky alcohol-use behaviors while abroad (controlling for alcohol-use at the pretest). Analysis of qualitative data reinforced the importance of social facilitation in women's alcohol risk-taking. Participants' qualitative data also emphasized characteristics of situational...
A Theoretical Study of Controlled Ventilation

This paper is a theoretical study of controlled ventilation with a respirator. An electric circuit analog of the respiratory system is used with respiratory parameters of the normal adult. Deleterious effects of positive pressure ventilation are considered and related to the model. The effects considered include peak alveolar pressure and its time of occurrence, work, and average alveolar pressure. Different pressure waveforms are used as the driving source for the respirator model. These waveforms are rectangle, ramp, negative ramp, sine, and exponential.
An Improved Convergence and Complexity Analysis for the Interpolatory Newton Method

Nosotros entregamos aqui un analisis de convergencia local y complejidad para el metodo de interpolacion de Newton para resolver ecuaciones en espacios de Banach. Los resultados mejoran los de e son obtenidos usando mas precisas cotas de error y las mismas hipotesis y costo computacional.
The effect of peritoneal macrophage-derived factor(s) on ovarian progesterone secretion and LH receptors: the role of calcium.

: Macrophages and their secretory products, cytokines, play an integral role in many reproductive processes. In this study we examined the effect of conditioned media from cultured human peritoneal macrophages on progesterone production by granulosa cells and the role of calcium in this process. Macrophages were pretreated with various concentrations of a calcium channel blocker (verapamil) or a calcium ionophore (A23187). Macrophage-conditioned media (MCM) or cell-free media that contained calcium channel modifiers were added at three dose levels to cultured porcine granulosa cells. Progesterone production and LH receptor content were determined. Macrophage-conditioned media alone elevated basal progesterone production, but significantly attenuated granulosa cell LH receptor content. These effects were neither potentiated nor suppressed by pretreating macrophages with verapamil. However, production of the LH receptor lowering factor(s) appeared to be suppressed by calcium ionophore. We conclude that (1) one or more factors produced by macrophages have a net stimulatory effect on basal progesterone production and these factor(s) may not be calcium-dependent and (2) macrophage-derived secretory products reduce granulosa cell LH receptor content. The production of these factor(s) may be calcium-dependent.
Characterization of Ca2+- or Mg2+-ATPase of the excitable ciliary membrane from Paramecium tetraurelia: comparison with a soluble Ca2+-dependent ATPase.

Abstract We have characteized divalent-cation-stimulated nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activity of the excitable ciliary membrane and compared it with a soluble Ca2+-ATPase released upon deciliation of Paramecium. The membrane-bound activity is strongly dependent on a divalent cation; calcium stimulates the basal activity of this enzyme at least 10-fold; magnesium and manganese stimulate less well, and strontium and barium, although less effective, also give measurable stimulation. This membrane-bound activity prefers ATP and GTP as substrates but also hydrolyzes UTP and CTP at measurable rates. The maximum velocity at saturating ATP concentrations and optimal calcium concentrations is 0.3 μ mol/min per mg. The pH optimum for the membrane-bound activity is broad and centers around pH 7. From the temperature dependence of ATP hydrolysis, we calculate activation energies of 14 and 11 kcal/mol for the Ca2+- and Mg2+-stimulated activities, respectively. The Arrhenius plot is linear over the temperature range of 4 to 25°C. The membrane ATPase is relatively insensitive to ouabain, oligomycin, N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, vanadate, Ruthenium red and two calmodulin antagonists. Polyclonal antisera raised against the purified soluble ATPase from the deciliation supernatant show low reactivity with the membrane-bound ATPase. We conclude from the comparison of properties of the two activities that the ciliary membrane-bound ATPase is distinct from the soluble ATPase released by deciliation.
Microwave spectrum of salicyl aldehyde: Structure of the hydrogen bond

The microwave spectrum of salicyl aldehyde and two isotopic modifications, OD and -CH18O, have been observed and assigned. The molecule is planar and the distance from the hydroxy proton to the aldehyde oxygen is 1.76 A. In contrast to previously studied 2-aminoethanol. no structural alterations due to the presence of the hydrogen bond are observed.
Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases

We describe an isothermal, single-reaction method for assembling multiple overlapping DNA molecules by the concerted action of a 5' exonuclease, a DNA polymerase and a DNA ligase. First we recessed DNA fragments, yielding single-stranded DNA overhangs that specifically annealed, and then covalently joined them. This assembly method can be used to seamlessly construct synthetic and natural genes, genetic pathways and entire genomes, and could be a useful molecular engineering tool.
Optical Interactions Between Confined Surface Electromagnetic Waves And Tunneling Transitions In Junction Devices

The interaction between tunneling electrons and junction electromagnetic modes is considered. Optical frequency detection and direct conversion from the mode to electronic current are emphasized.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Crystal Structure of Human Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1

SHP-1 is a cytosolic protein-tyrosine phosphatase that behaves as a negative regulator in eukaryotic cellular signaling pathways. To understand its regulatory mechanism, we have determined the crystal structure of the C-terminal truncated human SHP-1 in the inactive conformation at 2.8-A resolution and refined the structure to a crystallographic R-factor of 24.0%. The three-dimensional structure shows that the ligand-free SHP-1 has an auto-inhibited conformation. Its N-SH2 domain blocks the catalytic domain and keeps the enzyme in the inactive conformation, which supports that the phosphatase activity of SHP-1 is primarily regulated by the N-SH2 domain. In addition, the C-SH2 domain of SHP-1 has a different orientation from and is more flexible than that of SHP-2, which enables us to propose an enzymatic activation mechanism in which the C-SH2 domains of SHPs could be involved in searching for phosphotyrosine activators.
Bonding Bands, Lone-Pair Bands, and Impurity States in Chalcogenide Semiconductors

The origin of electronic states in two classes of semiconductors is explored: (i) semiconductors containing group-VI elements in twofold coordination, and (ii) tetrahedral semiconductors. In the first case the valence band arises from the unshared electron pair (lone pair) of the group-VI atom. We examine the effects of compositional variation on the distribution of states in amorphous semiconductors. It is predicted that an Anderson transition will occur in the band of lone-pair states when a group-VI element is added to a tetrahedral amorphous semiconductor.
Effect of exercise on left ventricular ejection time in patients with prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome.

The effect of exercise on left ventricular ejection time was determined in 12 subjects with prolapsing mitral valve leaflet syndrome (PML). A single lead ECG (CM 5 ), phonocardiogram and carotid pulse contour were recorded simultaneously with the subjects at supine rest before and immediately after multistage treadmill exercise. Systolic time intervals were measured from five consecutive complexes to determine the pre-ejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and total electromechanical systole (QS2). LVET was corrected for heart rate and defined as LVET c . In nine subjects, an increase of 1 to 49 msec was observed in the LVET C following exercise. A shorter resting LVET C and greater afterload at peak exercise was related to an increase in LVET C of 10 msec or more. Exercise elicited or evoked evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. The results support the concept that impaired left ventricular performance is a concomitant of this syndrome.
Defining oligosaccharide specificity for initial sperm-zona pellucida adhesion in the mouse.

The identity of the sperm surface protein(s) responsible for sperm-zona pellucida binding in the mouse, as well as the characteristics of the oligosaccharide groups on zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) having ligand activity toward this receptor, remain controversial. Conflicting results from several groups have made interpretation of the current data difficult. By developing a quantitative binding assay to evaluate the molecular interactions between mammalian sperm and the zona pellucida during initial gamete interactions, we directly quantified sperm-ZP binding interactions at the molecular level for the first time. The ZP binding assay demonstrated that live, capacitated mouse sperm bind solubilized 125I-labeled ZP glycoproteins in a concentration-dependent manner characterized by a rapid forward rate constant of 3.0 × 107 M−1 min−1. Following the initial characterization, the binding assay was used to examine the roles of the sperm surface enzymes galactosyltransferase (GalTase) and fucosyltransferase (FucTase) in sperm-zone pellucida binding in the mouse. These data indicate that substrates for FucTase, but not for GalTase, inhibit sperm-ZP binding, in contrast to earlier reports in which GalTase substrates significantly inhibited sperm binding to intact ZPs. A model is presented which resolves conflicting results between assays using intact ZPs and the results obtained here using soluble 125I-ZPs. Assuming a complex binding/recognition site, monosaccharides that could occupy part of the binding site would have a dramatic effect on sperm-ZP binding to the intact ZP, since they need only occupy the binding sites for a short time (∼ 100 msec) to disrupt binding. The current results suggest that the sperm ZP3 receptor binding site minimally recognizes the galβ1,3GlcNAc moiety also recognized by FucTases. The current data do not exclude the possibility that additional sugar residues form part of the ligand oligosaccharide group and are recognized by a yet-to-be-identified sperm surface protein which serves as the ZP3 receptor. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Survey of Twentieth-century Literary Theory and Criticism in Chinese

In their article "A Survey of Twentieth-century Literary Theory and Criticism in Chinese" Xiaoming Chen and Anfeng Sheng survey Chinese-language scholarship that for the reason of the East- West divide is less known in the West. Although heavily influenced by both Western and Soviet Marxist thought, twentieth-century Chinese literary theorization and criticism produced much incisive scholarship based on the vast knowledge existing in Chinese culture and literary scholarship. Chen and Sheng survey pioneering works by numerous Chinese literary theorists and critics who have been influential in their own time and exerted persistent modeling influences until today and the article is meant to adjust the anonymous position of Chinese literary theorization in the West and thus to contribute to the diversity of literary studies.
SSA 2005 Annual Meeting Presidential Address

It is customary in these parting words of the outgoing President to reflect on issues of current interest to our science and to SSA. To deviate only slightly from this tradition, I want to explore an issue of interest to me. It is not one of science but rather an issue of the “culture” of the seismologist. By “culture” I mean as used in the work of the social or anthropological sciences. While I have no training or experience in social science, I won't let that stop me from speaking authoritatively, using and misusing their terms to examine the relationships between the various different seismological groups, or camps. For, as in society in general, it's often the relationships between groups of people that determine the level of success and maybe even survival of both groups and individuals. Of course there are many different ways that seismologists can be grouped, both formal ones and informal ones. It's primarily the informal groups that I find the most interesting and to which I will devote most of the rest of this presentation. Such groups may have some alignment with formal organizations. Informal groups could be discipline-based, such as those seismologists working on the inner core, as separate from those working on soil amplification effects. They could be historically based, such as all of the professors and their academic offspring from a particular university as opposed to another. Of course, any individual may be a member of several different classes of groups at the same time. Such categorizing of seismologists into different groups may seem pointless until one thinks about the interactions between groups and particularly how those interactions affect success. Just as different tribes in a primitive culture may coexist peacefully with neighboring, even related, tribes, too often jealousies, insults (real or perceived), …
NEW SPECIES OF YEASTS FOUND IN JAPAN

From the yeasts collected from various natural habitats in Japan from April 1962 to May 1965, six new species, Candida fibrae, Candida fragicola, Torulopsis auriculariae, Torulopsis fructus, Torulopsis musae, and Trichosporon brassicae, were found. DNA base composition of these new species was calculated from the thermal denaturation temperature of DNA and used for confirmation of identification.
The ligand binding subunit of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor has properties of a peripheral membrane protein.

Abstract 125 I-insulin-like growth factor 1 was cross-linked to its receptor in human placenta microsomal membranes. The microsomes were treated with urea, with dithiothreitol or with both reagents prior to centrifugation at 100,000 × g. We found that >80% of the label was membrane-associated following separate treatment with urea or dithiothreitol, but >80% of the radio-activity remained in the supernatant after simultaneous exposure to both reagents. In identical experiments employing 125 I-epidermal growth factor, no condition led to the release of >10% of label from the membrane. We conclude that the ligand binding subunit of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, like peripheral membrane proteins, lacks a membrane anchoring domain.
Microscale structural aspects of vegetation density variability

Abstract Current radiometric remote sensing technology enables high resolution data of vegetation biomass to be obtained in the form of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The present study uses such data to examine the spatial structure of vegetation density at the land surface by wavelet, semivariogram, and spectral analyses. Within the range of 30–800 m, the results show that vegetation density of arable cropland is persistent and can be characterized as a fractal with a dimension of 1.59. Within the same range of distances, vegetation density across a more diverse landscape (including besides cropland, also pasture and savanna) exhibits a fractal dimension of 1.69. In the Southern Great Plains, this range is of the order of the typical size of agricultural fields.
Analysis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A novel method for the determination of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in amniotic fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. Aliquots of 50 μl of amniotic fluid were hydrolyzed with phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus and the resulting dipalmitoylglycerol analyzed by HPLC. Run-to-run and day-to-day precision for DPPC analysis were 4.2 and 6.1%, respectively, and analysis time was 10 min. Recoveries for DPPC ranged between 92 and 98%. In summarizing, this method provides a high precision and fast turnaround time means for the analysis of DPPC in amniotic fluid.
A Note on Dependence Between a Venture and a Current Prospect

Abstract Some sufficient conditions that a random variable be positively correlated with every strictly decreasing function of a second random variable are developed and applied to the problem of choosing the optimal amount of an uncertain venture. Two of the conditions generalize conditions previously employed by Samuelson [5] and Scheffman [6].
Stable Polarizing Beamsplitters Deposited By Reactive Ion Plating

Dielectric multilayer thin film stacks deposited on glass plates or prisms can work as polarizing beam splitters when used at an oblique angle of light incidence. Coatings deposited in vacuum by conventional electron beam or reactive thermal evaporation have an inherently large internal surface area, because of the columnar micro-structure, and have packing densities less than unity. Exposed to ambient humid air, their spectral response and polarization characteristics change. The cause is adsorption or desorption of water vapor on their inner surfaces, upon changes in humidity and temperature. The novel deposition technique of low voltage reactive ion plating produces thin films with a packing density of unity or higher. This prevents. them from any uptake of humidity at all. We demonstrate the fabrication of stable polarizing beamsplitters for the HeNe wavelength of 632.8 nm by this technique. We reported our preliminary results in an earlier presentation.' Here we present also the performance of our samples after their exposure to ambient environment for three months.
Using Virtual Private Networks for Reliable VM Based HPC Systems

The emergence of cloud computing and virtualization is creating a revolution in the design and deployment of large-scale distributed systems. The powerful capabilities of these technologies can be used to create highly reliable virtual high performance computing systems. However, a drawback of these technologies is the lack of information and limited control over the network infrastructure interconnecting geographically distributed virtual machine instances. An attacker with access to the underlying infrastructure can easily monitor or disrupt the virtual cluster. Virtual LANs (VLANs) and firewalls can be used to create private networks for virtual clusters. These approaches, however, are time-consuming to configure, limit the geographic zones in which a virtual cluster can operate, and complicate the management and migration of virtual nodes within a cluster. Moreover, proactive and reactive fault tolerance strategies that rely on the live migration of virtual machine images require a uniform network address space to facilitate the quick migration and restart of VM images running parallel applications. In this paper, we present a new approach for reliable high performance computing built on virtual machines that is based on a P2P VPN that provides a secure and uniform address space for parallel applications running within a set of VM images. We demonstrate the functionality and performance of our approach using OMEN and a set of MPI performance benchmarks.
A system for the analysis of long-term electrocardiographic studies in clinical research and training.

Abstract A computer system has been developed for the analysis of data from long-term electrocardiographic studies in the context of an institution committed to clinical research and training. The major characteristics required of such a system are intelligence, flexibility, friendliness, and maintainability. These attributes are achieved by a user interface which consists of menus and interactive graphics, and by the use of highly modular software developed in a high-level programming language. The system has been used in studied of the effects of drugs on cardiac arrhythmias and has been easy to learn and convenient to use.
A143: Barriers to Referral to Pediatric Rheumatology among General Pediatricians in the Upper Midwest

Background/Purpose: Access to pediatric rheumatology (PR) care is limited. An average of 28 fellows graduate from PR training programs annually, and there are 224 board-certified pediatric rheumatologists in the United States. Eleven states have no pediatric rheumatologist and 24 states have two or fewer. Furthermore, the mean distance to a certified pediatric rheumatologist is 60 miles. The impact that limited access to PR has on general pediatricians has not been studied. Methods: A web-based survey was emailed to general pediatricians practicing in Minnesota (MN), North Dakota (ND), and South Dakota (SD). The email databases were obtained from the MN and ND state medical licensing boards and from the SD chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The goal of the survey was to define barriers to access to PR care and the consequences of limited access. Basic descriptive analysis was performed and responses were summarized. Results: The overall response rate was 15.3% (93/609). Responders were younger than non-responders (mean age 48 yo versus 53 yo, p = 0.0006) and had been in practice a shorter period of time (mean 22 y versus 27 y, p = 0.0051). Forty percent (37/92) of the clinics were urban, 40% (37/92) suburban, and 20% (18/92) rural. Twenty-nine percent (27/92) of respondents' clinics were at least two hours by car from a pediatric rheumatologist, and 9% (8/92) were more than 6 hours away. Ninety-two percent (85/92) had referred a patient to PR at least once, but 89% (83/93) had experienced a situation at least once in which they considered a referral to PR but ultimately did not. Reasons for not referring varied. When asked, “In cases in which you considered a PR referral but did not refer a patient to a pediatric rheumatologist, please indicate your reasons for doing so. (Select all that apply),” many had referred to other subspecialists instead: 29% (24/83) to pediatric infectious disease, 20% (17/83) to adult rheumatology, and 12% (10/83) to pediatric orthopedics, while 34% (28/83) managed the patient themselves. Although not a pre-specified choice in the survey, 9% (3/32) of pediatricians added wait-time as the reason for not referring to PR. Thirty-five percent (32/60) had referred a pediatric patient to an adult rheumatologist, most commonly for distance (47%), while physician preference was never selected as a reason. Conclusion: Pediatricians often refer children with possible rheumatic disease to specialists other than PR due to reasons of distance and wait-time. Referral to adult rheumatologists occurs, but not based on pediatrician preference. These findings suggest that the PR workforce is inadequate to meet demand, at least in the Upper Midwest. Interventions are needed to improve access to care in PR.