cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of endogenous type C viruses: evidence for transcriptional control of AKR viral expression.

Abstract Nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs isolated from AKR virus producer and virus-negative cell lines, as well as in vitro transcripts of chromatin isolated from these cells, were analyzed by nucleic acid hybridization using a 3 H-labeled DNA complementary to the genome of the endogenous AKR ecotropic murine leukemia virus. Our results suggest that regulation of expression of the endogenous virogene sequences resides in part at the transcriptional level.
Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the Proterozoic mantle

The Nd and Sr isotopic compositions presently reported for anorthosites and related rocks from the Grenville and Nain Provinces of the eastern Canadian shield indicate that the massifs were delivered from at least two distinct mantle source regions which were established before 1650 Myr ago. These regions were episodically involved in magmatism over about 500 Myr. One reservoir was isotopically similar to the depleted, modern midocean ridge basalt source. The other reservoir was chondritic-to-moderately-enriched, and is most easily identified in the Nain Province, but may have occurred scattered throughout Superior Province, as well.
Effect of Al(III) on surface properties of Bifidobacterium thermophilum as a function of temperature

The effects of Al(III) on surface properties and lactate accumulation by Bifidobacterium thermophilum were investigated. Bacteria were treated with Al(III) at 37°C and 4°C, then exposed to free radicals or nisin. When exposed to Al(III) at 37°C, the organism exhibited spreading on hydrophobic surfaces and showed high susceptibility to free-radical alteration as indicated by Fe(III) binding, but showed little effect on lactate production in the presence or absence of nisin, even after washing with 2 mM EDTA. At 4°C, there was no increased surface spreading or binding of Fe(III), but protection against nisin action was present. This, however, was abolished after washing with EDTA. It was concluded that membrane fluidity is required to affect membrane lipid rearrangement, resulting in surface spreading and increased susceptibility to peroxidation, whereas only loose binding of Al(III) to membrane surfaces is sufficient to prevent transmembrane channel formation by nisin.
The labeling and biological half-life of phosphatidylcholine in subcellular fractions of rabbit lung.

Abstract Rabbits were given [14C]palmitic acid, [3H]choline and ortho[32P]phosphate to label lung phosphatidylcholine. The rabbit lungs were lavaged to obtain an alveolar wash phosphatidylcholine sample, and subsequently samples of phosphatidylcholine were obtained from the lung parenchyma, and from microsomal and lamellar body fractions. The specific activity of the phosphatidylcholine in each fraction was determined. The labeling of phosphatidylcholine and the biological half-life values for the labeled phosphatidylcholine in each lung fraction are presented. Phosphatidylcholine labeled with palmitic acid or choline reached a maximal specific activity rapidly in microsomal fractions. Maximal specific activity of lamellar body phosphatidylcholine and alveolar phosphatidylcholine was achieved by 2 h and 6 h, respectively. The labeling of lecithin with phosphate was quite slow in all lung fractions relative to the other precursors. The decay curves for parenchymal and microsomal phosphatidylcholine had two exponential components while the disappearance of lamellar body and alveolar wash phosphatidylcholine was described by simple decay curves. The biological half-life values of palmitic acid-labeled and choline-labeled alveolar wash phosphatidylcholine were 16 and 30 h, respectively. Total phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine decay rates in the parenchyma and alveolar wash were similar. The labeling of phosphatidylcholine in subcellular lung fractions indicated that the precursors did not cleanly pulse label the phosphatidylcholine of the lamella bodies and alveolar wash. The labeling patterns of the subcellular fractions were consistent with previous anatomical descripitions of surfactant synthesis and secretion.
Electrical properties of carbon fiber support systems

Abstract Carbon fiber support structures have become common elements of detector designs for high energy physics experiments. Carbon fiber has many mechanical advantages but it is also characterized by high conductivity, particularly at high frequency, with associated design issues. This paper discusses the elements required for sound electrical performance of silicon detectors employing carbon fiber support elements. Tests on carbon fiber structures are presented indicating that carbon fiber must be regarded as a conductor for the frequency region of 10–100 MHz. The general principles of grounding configurations involving carbon fiber structures will be discussed. To illustrate the design requirements, measurements performed with a silicon detector on a carbon fiber support structure at small radius are presented. A grounding scheme employing copper–kapton mesh circuits is described and shown to provide adequate and robust detector performance.
Staging Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Localized Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Comparison of 3 Surgical Techniques

ABSTRACTPurpose: Pelvic lymph node dissection continues to be the most effective method of staging extracapsular adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Three principal methods of pelvic lymph node dissection are currently available: intraperitoneal laparoscopic, minilaparotomy and the standard open modified pelvic lymph node dissection. In the hope of determining some of the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with each technique a comparison of these approaches was made.Materials and Methods: Of 68 patients with histologically proved clinical stage T3N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent staging pelvic lymph node dissection 38 underwent modified open, 19 laparoscopic and 11 minilaparotomy procedures. The efficacy of node sampling, resource expenditure and complication rates were compared among the 3 groups.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the number of nodes harvested with each technique. Resource expenditure analysis revealed significantly incre...
CD8+ T cells that express CD4 on their surface (CD4dimCD8bright T cells) recognize an antigen-specific target, are detected in vivo, and can be productively infected by T-tropic HIV

CD4 can be up-regulated on CD8+ T cells generating a CD4dimCD8bright phenotype. We previously demonstrated that the CD4dimCD8bright phenotype constitutes an activated phenotype of CD8+ T cells. We demonstrate here that the activated CD4dimCD8bright T cells are not undergoing apoptosis and do not produce significant intracellular levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), or IL-10 but express elevated levels of intracellular IL-4 in comparison to CD8+CD4- and CD4+ T cells. In response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) peptide (pp65) priming, CD4dimCD8bright cells recognized CMV pp65 tetramer approximately 19-fold higher than CD4-CD8+ T cells, indicating that these cells are capable of antigen-specific recognition to a far greater extent than CD4-CD8+ T cells. CD4dimCD8bright T cells also express both CXCR4 and CCR5 but are susceptible to T-tropic and not M-tropic HIV infection. A soluble factor believed to be beta-chemokine is responsible for the inhibition of M-tropic HIV infection in CD4dimCD8bright T cells. CD8+ T cells from HIV+ patients were capable of up-regulating CD4 on CD8+ T cells. We also provide evidence of the presence of peripheral blood CD4dimCD8bright T cells in HIV+ patients, albeit at low frequency. Collectively, these data suggest a role of CD4dimCD8bright T cells in both normal T-cell biology and HIV pathogenesis.
POLTERGEIST functions to regulate meristem development downstream of the CLAVATA loci

Mutations at the CLAVATA loci (CLV1, CLV2 and CLV3) result in the accumulation of undifferentiated cells at the shoot and floral meristems. We have isolated three mutant alleles of a novel locus, POLTERGEIST (POL), as suppressors of clv1, clv2 and clv3 phenotypes. All pol mutants were nearly indistinguishable from wild-type plants; however, pol mutations provided recessive, partial suppression of meristem defects in strong clv1 and clv3 mutants, and nearly complete suppression of weak clv1 mutants. pol mutations partially suppressed clv2 floral and pedicel defects in a dominant fashion, and almost completely suppressed clv2 phenotypes in a recessive manner. These observations, along with dominant interactions observed between the pol and wuschel (wus) mutations, indicate that POL functions as a critical regulator of meristem development downstream of the CLV loci and redundantly with WUS. Consistent with this, pol mutations do not suppress clv3 phenotypes by altering CLV1 receptor activation.
Mixture models for gene expression experiments with two species

Cross-species research in drug development is novel and challenging. A bivariate mixture model utilizing information across two species was proposed to solve the fundamental problem of identifying differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments in order to potentially improve the understanding of translation between preclinical and clinical studies for drug development. The proposed approach models the joint distribution of treatment effects estimated from independent linear models. The mixture model posits up to nine components, four of which include groups in which genes are differentially expressed in both species. A comprehensive simulation to evaluate the model performance and one application on a real world data set, a mouse and human type II diabetes experiment, suggest that the proposed model, though highly structured, can handle various configurations of differential gene expression and is practically useful on identifying differentially expressed genes, especially when the magnitude of differential expression due to different treatment intervention is weak. In the mouse and human application, the proposed mixture model was able to eliminate unimportant genes and identify a list of genes that were differentially expressed in both species and could be potential gene targets for drug development.
Multiscale Time Activity Data Exploration via Temporal Clustering Visualization Spreadsheet

Time-varying data is usually explored by animation or arrays of static images. Neither is particularly effective for classifying data by different temporal activities. Important temporal trends can be missed due to the lack of ability to find them with current visualization methods. In this paper, we propose a method to explore data at different temporal resolutions to discover and highlight data based upon time-varying trends. Using the wavelet transform along the time axis, we transform data points into multi-scale time series curve sets. The time curves are clustered so that data of similar activity are grouped together, at different temporal resolutions. The data are displayed to the user in a global time view spreadsheet where she is able to select temporal clusters of data points, and filter and brush data across temporal scales. With our method, a user can interact with data based on time activities and create expressive visualizations.
Microdielectric analysis and curing kinetics of an epoxy resin system

Microdielectric analysis (DEA) was carried out to investigate the cure behavior of a bisphenol F epoxy/aromatic amine resin system using an online dielectric cure monitoring technique. Ionic conductivity measured by a microdielectric sensor under isothermal conditions was correlated to the degree of cure and glass-transition temperature, which are determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results obtained by isothermal DSC measurement were used to establish a cure kinetic model for the epoxy resin. Experimental results show that the ratio of the ion conductivity to the initial ion conductivity, Logσ/Logσ0, has a linear relation with the glass-transition temperature. Furthermore, correlations between ion conductivity and degree of cure and cure rate are established using the best fit of the measured data. Cure behavior of the epoxy resin obtained by DEA is compared with that predicted by the cure kinetics model. Good agreement was observed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:150–158, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Voter Turnout in the Industrial Democracies during the 1980s

There are two contending accounts of cross-national variation in voter turnout rates. One emphasizes the role of institutions and electoral attributes, whereas the other stresses cultural and historical factors. The authors evaluate the merits of these two arguments. They first apply the model developed by R. W. Jackman to turnout rates during the 1980s, expanding the sample of industrial states to include three newer democracies with recent authoritarian histories: Greece, Portugal, and Spain. They then examine the potential impact of cultural variables on voter turnout rates. The authors conclude that the institutional argument outperforms the cultural account of conventional political participation.
Annual Research Review: The experience of youth with political conflict – challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement

Aims and Method: Drawing on empirical studies and literature reviews, this paper aims to clarify and qualify the relevance of resilience to youth experiencing political conflict. It focuses on the discordance between expectations of widespread dysfunction among conflict-affected youth and a body of empirical evidence that does not confirm these expectations. FINDINGS: The expectation for widespread dysfunction appears exaggerated, relying as it does on low correlations and on presumptions of universal response to adversity. Such a position ignores cultural differences in understanding and responding to adversity, and in the specific case of political conflict, it does not account for the critical role of ideologies and meaning systems that underlie the political conflict and shape a young people's interpretation of the conflict, and their exposure, participation, and processing of experiences. With respect to empirical evidence, the findings must be viewed as tentative given the primitive nature of research designs: namely, concentration on violence exposure as the primary risk factor, at the expense of recognizing war's impact on the broader ecology of youth's lives, including disruptions to key economic, social, and political resources; priority given to psychopathology in the assessment of youth functioning, rather than holistic assessments that would include social and institutional functioning and fit with cultural and normative expectations and transitions; and heavy reliance on cross-sectional, rather than longitudinal, studies. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers and practitioners interested in employing resilience as a guiding construct will face such questions: Is resilience predicated on evidence of competent functioning across the breadth of risks associated with political conflict, across most or all domains of functioning, and/or across time? In reality, youth resilience amidst political conflict is likely a complex package of better and poorer functioning that varies over time and in direct relationship to social, economic, and political opportunities. Addressing this complexity will complicate the definition of resilience, but it confronts the ambiguities and limitations of work in cross-cultural contexts. Language: en
TECHNICAL NOTE---The Adaptive Knapsack Problem with Stochastic Rewards

Given a set of items with associated deterministic weights and random rewards, the adaptive stochastic knapsack problem (adaptive SKP) maximizes the probability of reaching a predetermined target reward level when items are inserted sequentially into a capacitated knapsack before the reward of each item is realized. This model arises in resource allocation problems that permit or require sequential allocation decisions in a probabilistic setting. One particular application is in obsolescence inventory management. In this paper, the adaptive SKP is formulated as a dynamic programming (DP) problem for discrete random rewards. The paper also presents a heuristic that mixes adaptive and static policies to overcome the “curse of dimensionality” in the DP. The proposed heuristic is extended to problems with normally distributed random rewards. The heuristic can solve large problems quickly, and its solution always outperforms a static policy. The numerical study indicates that a near-optimal solution can be obtained by using an algorithm with limited look-ahead capabilities.
Towards a better understanding of electronic document management

Documents are central to the functioning of an organization. Among other roles, they are critically, important as a means of communication, as organizational memory, and in business processes. In addition, office workers spend as much as 60 percent of their time handling documents. For these reasons, many organizations have tried to improve document handling and use through the application of information technology: but progress in this area has been slow. However, recent technological advances, such as new storage technologies, higher computation speeds, and system integration are lifting many of the traditional restrictions on the conversion of paper to electronic systems, and on the media richness of these electronic documents. As a result, many of the envisioned benefits of electronic document management (EDM) are within reach. Successful exploitation of these benefits requires managers to address specific issues in system design, system implementation, and organizational support.
THREE BODY FORCES

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the three-body forces. Experimentally, it is found that if one starts with a system of two particles whose momenta are measured to be p1 and p2, and if the momenta are remeasured at some later time, a single experiment values k1 and k2 are found that cannot be predicted further from the restrictions derived from the conservation laws. However, if the measurements are repeated many times, in the sense of the law of large numbers, these values approach a unique distribution that can be computed from the absolute square of a function known as “the transition amplitude.” The chapter also explores the three-nucleon problem. The deuteron systems break up into three particles when mb (b = p, n, or e) has sufficient energy and allow to measure a new invariant єd = mn + mp + mb – mb – md that is the same regardless of whatever particle is used in the incident beam, while the break up of the triton (3He) into nd (pd) defines the invariants єt (є3He).
Planktonic hydroids on Georges Bank: ingestion and selection by predatory fishes

Planktonic colonial hydroids (Clytia gracilis) recently have been found to be abundant, but patchily distributed in time and space, on Georges Bank, northwest Atlantic Ocean. However, the processes regulating the occurrence of these hydroid colonies (i.e., seasonality, growth, advection, di!usion, sinking, and predation) are not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the potential role of predation by "sh upon the unattached hydroids. The two components of this study were (i) analyses of historical "sh trawl surveys and stomach contents data collected in the coastal northwest Atlantic Ocean (including Georges Bank), and (ii) laboratory experiments testing for the presence of selective feeding by juvenile cod (Gadus morhua )o n hydroids relative to two co-occurring planktonic copepods (Calanus xnmarchicus and Centropages hamatus). We found that 32 and 11 species of "sh ingested hydroids in the coastal northwest Atlantic Ocean and Georges Bank, respectively, during 1973}1990. However, hydroids were rarely an important part of the diet of these "shes. The most important predator of these cnidarians on Georges Bank was winter #ounder, with 28.0% of its population having ingested hydroids, with a mean % (by weight) of hydroids in the diet of 4.1%, during 1973}80. Laboratory experiments indicated juvenile cod ingested planktonic hydroids, but overwhelmingly preferred either of the two copepods as prey. While "eld and laboratory results indicated that a wide variety of "shes feed on hydroids, we concluded that emergences and disappearances of planktonic hydroids on Georges Bank are not greatly impacted by "sh predation. Other factors, in particular physical processes (i.e., advection, di!usion, and sinking), seasonal cycles of activity and inactivity, and predation by invertebrates, should be examined. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assessing the Metabolic Function of the MutT 8-Oxodeoxyguanosine Triphosphatase in Escherichia coli by Nucleotide Pool Analysis

In Escherichia coli the mutT gene is one of several that acts to minimize mutagenesis by reactive oxygen species. The bacterial MutT protein and its mammalian homolog have been shown to catalyze in vitro the hydrolysis of the oxidized deoxyguanosine nucleotide, 8-oxo-dGTP, to its corresponding monophosphate. Thus, the protein is thought to "sanitize" the nucleotide pool by ridding the cell of a nucleotide whose incorporation into DNA would be intensely mutagenic. However, because others have shown mutT mutations to be mutagenic under some conditions of anaerobic growth, and have shown 8-oxo-dGTP to be a poor DNA polymerase substrate, there is reason to question this model. We have devised an assay for 8-oxo-dGTP in bacterial extracts. Using this assay, which involves reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection, we have been unable to detect 8-oxo-dGTP in extracts of three different mutT mutants of E. coli, even after growth of the bacteria in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Our estimated upper limit for 8-oxo-dGTP content of these bacteria is about 200 molecules/cell, corresponding to a concentration of about 0.34 microm. When 8-oxo-dGTP was added at 0.34 microm to an in vitro DNA replication system primed with a DNA template that permits scoring of replication errors and with the four normal dNTPs at their estimated intracellular concentrations, there was no detectable effect upon the frequency of replication errors. These findings lead us to question the conclusion that 8-oxo-dGTP is the most significant physiological substrate for the MutT protein.
PREPARATION OF Nα-BOC-Nε-P-BRZ-LYSINE AND Nα-BOC-0-M-BRBZL-TYROSINE AND THEIR USE FOR THE SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS OF AN OCTAPEPTIDE OCCURRING IN THE HGH MOLECULE

Crystalline Nα-t-butyloxycarbonyl-Ne-(p-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl)lysine has been synthesized and employed in the solid phase synthesis of the octapeptide H-Phe-Lys-Gln-Thr-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Phe-OH(I) which corresponds to positions 138–145 in human growth hormone. Crystalline Nα-t-butyloxycarbonyl-O-(m-bromobenzyl)tyrosine has also been synthesized; a second synthesis of I was accomplished by use of both of these new amino acid derivatives. All amino acids employed in this work are of the l configuration. The abbreviations used are: tlc, thin layer chromatography; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid; EtOH, absolute ethanol; DMF, dimethylformamide; Boc, Nα-t-butyloxycarbonyl; Z, benzyloxycarbonyl; Bzl, benzyl; HGH, human pituitary growth hormone.
The Myths of Turkish Influence in the European Union

Among the many objections to Turkish membership in the European Union lie claims that Turkey will be a powerful actor in the future EU, with a population as large as or larger than Germany. Many also claim that this power will have negative effects on the EU. We examine such claims analytically, influenced strongly by spatial models of EU policy-making. We find that Turkey’s preferences lie sufficiently outside the EU mainstream so that it will have little influence in day-to-day policy-making under the assent, codecision, consultation, and cooperation procedures (or the common procedure in the rejected constitutional treaty). Its influence may be more evident in areas such as the CFSP or JHA, where unanimity remains the normal procedure. Still, Turkey’s veto power here is no different from that of other, much smaller countries. Furthermore, veto power can only block changes and cannot be used to pull the EU into undesirable new directions. Even this veto power can be avoided if the EU-25 establishes whatever policies they desire prior to Turkish membership, forcing Turkey to accept a fait accompli. Despite these limitations to its power, Turkey may have some influence in purely intergovernmental settings such as negotiations over new treaties that might occur some decades hence.
Do The Federal Deficits Matter

The sharp and sustained increases in the budget and current-account deficits have once again raised a great deal of concern among many economists on the reemergence of the twin deficits of the1980s and their impacts upon macroeconomic variables. In view of majority of economists, these developments will be creating economic problems such as high real rates of interest, low savings, stagnant economic growth, large and persistent current account deficits, and probably a higher inflation. All economists, however, do not share this view. Those associated with the writings of Robert Barro, argue the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem that budget deficits do not matter and they have no real effects on the economy. The empirical evidence on this issue has been rather inconclusive. In contrast to the previous studies that have used single equation, I use a balance of payment model to investigate simultaneously the impacts of budget deficits on a number of macroeconomic variables using a system of simultaneous equations.
Traumatic tension pneumocephalus – Two cases and comprehensive review of literature

Although traumatic pneumocephalus is not uncommon, it rarely evolves into tension pneumocephalus (TP). Characterized by the presence of increasing amounts of intracranial air and concurrent appearance or worsening neurological symptoms, TP can be devastating if not recognized and treated promptly. We present two cases of traumatic TP and a concise review of literature on this topic. Two cases of traumatic TP are presented. In addition, a literature search revealed 20 additional cases, of which 18 had sufficient information for inclusion. Literature cases were combined with the 2 reported cases and analyzed for demographics, mechanism of injury, symptoms, time to presentation (acute 72 h), diagnostic/treatment modalities, and outcomes. Twenty cases were analyzed (17 males, 3 females, median age 26, range 8–92 years). Presentation was acute in 13/20 and delayed in 7/20 patients. Injury mechanisms included motor vehicle collisions (6/20), assault/blunt trauma to the craniofacial area (5), falls (4), and motorcycle/bicycle crashes (3). Common presentations included depressed mental status (10/20), cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (9), headache (8), and loss of consciousness (6). Computed tomography (CT) was utilized in 19/20 patients. Common underlying injuries were frontal bone/sinus fracture (9/20) and ethmoid fracture (5). Intracranial hemorrhage was seen in 5/20 patients and brain contusions in 4/20 patients. Nonoperative management was utilized in 6/20 patients. Procedural approaches included craniotomy (11/20), emergency burr hole (4), endoscopy (2), and ventriculostomy (2). Most patients responded to initial treatment (19/20). One early and one delayed death were reported. Traumatic TP is rare, tends to be associated with severe craniofacial injuries, and can occur following both blunt and penetrating injury. Early recognition and high index of clinical suspicion are important. Appropriate treatment results in improvement in vast majority of cases. CT scan is the diagnostic modality of choice for TP. Republished with permission from: Pillai P, Sharma R, MacKenzie L, Reilly EF, Beery II PR, Papadimos TJ, Stawicki SPA. Traumatic tension pneumocephalus: Two cases and comprehensive review of literature. OPUS 12 Scientist 2010;4(1):6-11.
Instrumental and Conventional Interpretations of Behavior Are Associated with Distinct Outcomes in Early Childhood.

Four tasks (N = 191, 3- to 6-year-olds) examined the effect of instrumental versus conventional language cues on children's imitative fidelity of a necklace-making activity, their memory and transmission of the activity, and their perceptions of functional fixedness. Children in the conventional condition imitated with higher fidelity, transmitted more of the modeled behavior, and showed higher levels of functional fixedness than children in the instrumental condition. There were no differences in children's memory of the activity between conditions demonstrating that memory alone does not explain differences in imitative fidelity. The data demonstrate that children's interpretation of behavior as instrumental or conventional has wide-ranging implications for what children imitate, what they transmit to others, and how they reason about objects' functions.
Satellite-Based NO2 and Model Validation in a National Prediction Model Based on Universal Kriging and Land-Use Regression.

Epidemiological studies increasingly rely on exposure prediction models. Predictive performance of satellite data has not been evaluated in a combined land-use regression/spatial smoothing context. We performed regionalized national land-use regression with and without universal kriging on annual average NO2 measurements (1990–2012, contiguous U.S. EPA sites). Regression covariates were dimension-reduced components of 418 geographic variables including distance to roadway. We estimated model performance with two cross-validation approaches: using randomly selected groups and, in order to assess predictions to unmonitored areas, spatially clustered cross-validation groups. Ground-level NO2 was estimated from satellite-derived NO2 and was assessed as an additional regression covariate. Kriging models performed consistently better than nonkriging models. Among kriging models, conventional cross-validated R2 (R2cv) averaged over all years was 0.85 for the satellite data models and 0.84 for the models without ...
Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target

It is well established that the brain can be prepared to resist or tolerate ischemic stroke injury, and mitochondrion is a major target for this tolerance. The preparation of ischemic stroke tolerance can be achieved by three major approaches: ischemic conditioning, hypoxic conditioning and chemical conditioning. In each conditioning approach, there are often two strategies that can be used to achieve the conditioning effects, namely preconditioning (Pre-C) and postconditioning (Post-C). In this review, we focus on chemical conditioning of mitochondrial proteins as targets for neuroprotection against ischemic stroke injury. Mitochondrial targets covered include complexes I, II, IV, the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP), adenine dinucleotide translocase (ANT) and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). While numerous mitochondrial proteins have not been evaluated in the context of chemical conditioning and ischemic stroke tolerance, the paradigms and approaches reviewed in this article should provide general guidelines on testing those mitochondrial components that have not been investigated. A deep understanding of mitochondria as the target of chemical conditioning for ischemic stroke tolerance should provide valuable insights into strategies for fighting ischemic stroke, a leading cause of death in the world.
Analysis of AIDS sentinel surveillance among six different populations in Baoji City,2012

Objective To understand HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behaviors among six different populations in Baoji,and provide basis for AIDS prevention and control and intervention strategies development. Methods According to the national AIDS sentinel surveillance program requirements,questionnaire survey and antibody detection of HIV,HCV and syphilis were carried out in six different populations. Results Awareness rates of AIDS related knowledge were above 85% in maternal( PRG),patients of sexual transmitted disease( STD),drug addicts( DUS) and men having sexism men( MSM). The rates were less than 80% in female sex workers( FSW) and migrant populations( MPO),the difference had statistically significant( P 0. 05). HIV antibody positive rate was 1. 75% in MSM,and 0. 25% in STD while no detection in other populations. Syphilis antibody positive rate in MSM was the highest,accounted of 3. 25%,and followed by 3. 00% in DUS. HCV antibody positive rate in DUS was the highest,accounted of 49. 50%. The proportions of consistent condom use in DUS and FSW were 3. 77% and 21. 25%. The proportion of consistently using condom during anal sex among MSM was 45. 09%. Conclusion There are many risk factors involved in the spread of HIV,HIV infection is spreading among high-risk populations in Baoji. It is necessary to reinforce health education and behavioral intervention among high-risk populations.
In Search of the Khmer Bhikkhunī: Reading Between the Lines in Late Classical and Early Middle Cambodia (13th–18th Centuries)

Was there ever a tradition of bhikkhunī in Cambodia? The precincts of wats, or Buddhist temples, in modern-day Cambodia usually include a handful of white-clad, shaven-headed women, whose status hovers somewhere between upāsikā and novice monk. Yet the inscriptions of the past refer often to a corpus of women as “nuns”. What are we to make of this seeming dichotomy?This paper explores the inscriptions of the 13th to 18th centuries– the period in which Theravada Buddhism became entrenched as the national religion – for an answer.
4,7-Di­chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione

The title compound, C8H3Cl2NO2, has a single near-planar mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, with the non-H atoms having a mean deviation from planarity of 0.042 A. In the crystal, the mol­ecules dimerize through two N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecules are further linked through slipped π–π inter­actions that propagate along the a axis [inter-centroid distance = 3.8639 (10) A, inter­planar distance = 3.3478 (10) A and slippage = 1.9292 (15) A].
The Effect of Bedside Ultrasonographic Skin Marking on Infant Lumbar Puncture Success: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study objective Lumbar puncture is a commonly performed procedure, although previous studies have documented low rates of successful completion in infants. Ultrasonography can visualize the anatomic landmarks for lumbar puncture and has been shown in some studies to reduce the failure rate of lumbar puncture in adults. We seek to determine whether ultrasonography-assisted site marking increases success for infant lumbar punctures. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in an academic pediatric emergency department (ED). We enrolled a convenience sample of infants younger than 6 months between June 2014 and February 2016 and randomized them to either a traditional lumbar puncture arm or an ultrasonography-assisted lumbar puncture arm. Infants in the ultrasonography arm received bedside ultrasonography of the spine by one of 3 study sonographers before lumbar puncture, during which the conus medullaris and most appropriate intervertebral space were identified and marked. The lumbar puncture was then performed by the predetermined ED provider. Our primary outcome was successful first-attempt lumbar puncture. Subjects were considered to have a successful lumbar puncture if cerebrospinal fluid was obtained and RBC counts were less than 1,000/mm3. All outcomes were assessed by intention-to-treat analysis. Results One hundred twenty-eight patients were enrolled, with 64 in each arm. No differences between the 2 arms were found in the baseline characteristics of the study subjects and providers, except for sex and first-attempt position. The first-attempt success rate was higher for the ultrasonography arm (58%) versus the traditional arm (31%) (absolute risk difference 27% [95% CI 10% to 43%]). Success within 3 attempts was also higher for the ultrasonography arm (75%) versus the traditional arm (44%) (absolute risk difference 31% [95% CI 15% to 47%]). On average, performing bedside ultrasonography on 4 patients (95% CI 2.1 to 6.6) resulted in 1 additional successful lumbar puncture. Conclusion Ultrasonography-assisted site marking improved infant lumbar puncture success in a tertiary care pediatric teaching hospital. This method has the potential to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations and exposures to antibiotics in this vulnerable population.
Provenance of Weeden Island “sacred” and “prestige” vessels: implications for specialized ritual craft production

Weeden Island mortuary ceremonialism united distinct cultures across the Late Woodland social landscape. The Weeden Island pottery series is central to recognizing regional ceremonial parity, with ...
Group practices: a new way of viewing CSCL

The analysis of group practices can make visible the work of novices learning how to inquire in science or mathematics. These ubiquitous practices are invisibly taken for granted by adults, but can be observed and rigorously studied in adequate traces of online collaborative learning. Such an approach contrasts with traditional pre/post comparisons that miss sequential interactional processes or that reduce group phenomena to individual or social factors. The analysis of the enactment of practices by small groups in CSCL contexts can systematically inform the design, testing, and refinement of collaborative-learning software, curriculum, pedagogy, and theory. CSCL can be re-conceptualized as the design of technology to foster the adoption of group practices by student teams.
Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Privacy and anonymity in information society

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the First International Workshop on Privacy and Anonymity in the Information Society (PAIS 2008), collocated with 11th International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT 2008). While the ever increasing computational power together with the huge amount of individual data collected daily by various agencies is of great value for our society, they also pose a significant threat to individuals' privacy. As a result legislators for many countries try to regulate the use and the disclosure of confidential information. Data privacy and anonymity have become a mainstream avenue for research. While privacy is a topic discussed everywhere, data anonymity recently established itself as an emerging area of computer science. Its goal is to produce useful computational solutions for releasing data, while providing scientific guarantees that the identities and other sensitive information of the individuals who are the subjects of the data are protected. The PAIS 2008 workshop is the first in its series and its mission is to provide an open yet focused platform for researchers and practitioners from computer science and other fields that are interacting with computer science in the privacy area such as statistics, healthcare informatics, and law to discuss and present current research challenges and advances in data privacy and anonymity research. The workshop program features 8 papers that cover a variety of topics, including distributed privacy protection, query auditing, k-anonymization and its applications, and micro-aggregation based data anonymization. In addition, the program includes an invited speech by Dr. Josep Domingo-Ferrer, the UNESCO Chair in Data Privacy at Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Catalonia. The title of his talk is: "Location Privacy via Unlinkability: An Alternative to Cloaking and Perturbation". We hope that you find this program interesting and thought-provoking.
ScienZart Deconstructed 2 Da Max: A Post-Modest Proposal

Abstract Deconstruction challenges the authority of the language of social work's grand narratives and thus exposes the profession's dearest notions to a fresh examination, interpretation, and evaluation. “ScienZart,” a postmodern art project co-performed with a computer, blends art and science to create a research tool that deconstructs the social work text. Rooted in conceptual art and postmodern social science, “ScienZart” provides a means for unmasking the taken-for-granted worldview of social work by demystifying the language of the profession and by uncovering verbal life at the edge of chaos, around the circle of the unexpressed, and at the margins.
Parameter Identification of Compartmental Models - Case of Hydrologic Rainfall-Runoff Models

Abstract This paper addresses some of the difficulties associated with the parameter identification of hydrologic rainfall-runoff models ("compartmental" type) which simulate the dynamic response of watersheds. The presence of threshold (jump) parameters results in a non-explicit structural equation for the model and consequently estimation techniques that do not require gradient evaluations are commonly employed. In this case the choice of the estimation criterion becomes a critical factor. It is shown that by using maximum likelihood estimators which take into account some of the stochastic properties of the rainfall-runoff process, better parameters and more reliable forecasts can be obtained. Some of the problems needing further research are also presented.
Infinite Dimensional Group Representation Theory

Let G be a Lie group, E a complete locally convex linear space over C. A continuous representation U of G on E is a homomorphism x ↦ U(x) of G into the group of topological automorphisms of E such that the map (x, a) ↦ U(x)a of G × E into E is continuous. Although our ultimate concern will be with continuous representations on a Banach space (or even a Hubert space), necessity dictates the need to formulate the fundamental notions of representation theory for more general spaces E. For instance, one has canonical continuous representations of G on the spaces C∞(G) and C c ∞ (G) (equipped with their usual topologies) or on the space of distributions on G. There are other reasons too. Thus, as will be seen in 4.4, the study of Banach representations leads one quickly to the consideration of continuous representations on a Frechet space. On the other hand, ‘analytic continuation’of Banach representations can sometimes lead to continuous representations which simply cannot be realized on a Banach space.
Spatial Resolution and Noise Prediction in Flat-Panel Cone-Beam CT Penalized-likelihood Reconstruction.

Purpose: Model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms such as penalized-likelihood (PL) methods have data-dependent and shift-variant image properties. Predictors of local reconstructed noise and resolution have found application in a number of methods that seek to understand, control, and optimize CT data acquisition and reconstruction parameters in a prospective fashion (as opposed to studies based on exhaustive evaluation). However, previous MBIR prediction methods have relied on idealized system models. In this work, we develop and validate new predictors using accurate physical models specific to flat-panel CT systems. Methods: Novel predictors for estimation of local spatial resolution and noise properties are developed for PL reconstruction that include a physical model for blur and correlated noise in flat-panel cone-beam CT (CBCT) acquisitions. Prospective predictions (e.g., without reconstruction) of local point spread function and and local noise power spectrum (NPS) model are applied, compared, and validated using a flat-panel CBCT test bench. Imaging conditions investigated include two acquisition strategies (an unmodulated X-ray technique and automatic exposure control) as well as varying regularization strength. Results: Comparisons between prediction and physical measurements show excellent agreement for both spatial resolution and noise properties. In comparison, traditional prediction methods (that ignore blur/correlation found in flat-panel data) fail to capture important data characteristics and show significant mismatch. Conclusion: Novel image property predictors permit prospective assessment of flat-panel CBCT using MBIR. Such predictors enable standard and task-based performance assessments, and are well-suited to evaluation, control, and optimization of the CT imaging chain (e.g., x-ray technique, reconstruction parameters, novel data acquisition methods, etc.) for improved imaging performance and/or dose utilization.
L-functions of S3(Γ2(2,4,8))

van Geemen and van Straten [B. van Geemen, D. van Straten, The cuspform of weight 3 on Γ2(2,4,8), Math. Comp. 61 (1993) 849–872] showed that the space of Siegel modular cusp forms of degree 2 of weight 3 with respect to the so-called Igusa group Γ2(2,4,8) is generated by 6-tuple products of Igusa theta constants, and each of them are Hecke eigenforms. They conjectured that some of these products generate Saito–Kurokawa representations, weak endoscopic lifts, or D-critical representations. In this paper, we prove these conjectures. Additionally, we obtain holomorphic Hermitian modular eigenforms of GU(2,2) of weight 4 from these representations.
The Use of Psychosocial Models for Guiding the Design and Implementation of HIV Prevention Interventions

Changing individuals’ HIV risk behaviors is a formidable challenge. Behavior change represents the endpoint of conscious and unconscious decision-making processes that weigh relevant internal and external influences: interpersonal, social, economic, and psychological influences that are superimposed over traditions, values, and patterns of social organization within a cultural context. Such a complex decision-making process is not likely to be understood in unidimensional or simplistic terms. Hence, as the HIV epidemic continues to evolve, with new groups engaged in different patterns of relationships being affected, ever more sophisticated theories and intervention strategies will be needed. Theories that address multiple rather than single levels of causation and that go beyond a narrow focus on the intrapersonal level to also consider interpersonal and environmental influences will be needed to guide the development and implementation of HIV prevention interventions. By judiciously utilizing psychosocial and structural theories, by closely linking theory directly to programmatic content and mode of implementation, and by carefully evaluating program efficacy, we can better assess our prevention interventions and the relevance and utility of their underlying theoretical models.
LOCK Data Views

This paper describes the design of a Multilevel Secure Relational Database Management System (MLS/RDBMS), LOCK Data Views (LDV), being designed to run on SCTC’s LOgical Coprocessor Kernel (LOCK) Trusted Computing Base (TCB) [Hon87a]. This chapter presents the statement of the problem addressed by the design, an overview of the security policy enforced by the system, and an outline of the report.