cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breeding Ecology and Conservation Strategy for Egretta eulophotes at the Wuzhishan Islands

Investigations on the breeding ecology of Egretta eulophotes from 2002 to 2007 at the Wuzhishan Islands,Zhoushan,Zhejiang province demonstrated that the breeding season of E.eulophotes was from May to August.Their nest was built by branches and grasses.The average clutch was 2.6 eggs,and the mean weight per egg was 23.89(±1.45) g,and mean size(45.65±2.26)mm×(32.40±0.65) mm.The average hatching rate was 82.1%.Distribution and population of the breeding colony varied among different breeding seasons.Nest-building resources,food resources,interspecies competition,typhoon and human disturbance might be the important influence factors on distribution and population.
Cerebrovascular and metabolic responses to hypoxia during hypoglycemia in dogs.

The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the response of cerebral blood flow (CBF-microspheres), electroencephalogram (EEG), and cerebral uptake/production of oxygen (CMRO2), glucose (CMRglu), lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate to isocapnic hypoxic hypoxia were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. Hypoglycemia [1.3 +/- 0.2 mumol/ml, (+/-SE); n = 9] did not produce an isoelectric EEG and did not affect base-line CBF or CMRO2. When arterial O2 content was reduced from 17.4 +/- 0.6 to 7.5 +/- 0.5 and 5.1 +/- 0.2 vol% during hypoglycemia, CBF increased from 25 +/- 3 to 54 +/- 6 and 84 +/- 8 ml.100 g-1.min-1, respectively. This response was not different from that during normoglycemia (3.5 +/- 0.3 mumol/ml; n = 12). During normoglycemia, hypoxia increased CMRglu from 17.0 +/- 1.2 to 32.2 +/- 4.7 and 49.9 +/- 6.6 mumol.100 g-1.min-1, respectively. Hypoglycemia did not affect CMRglu during normoxia, but the hypoxia-induced increase in CMRglu was abolished. CMRO2 during hypoxia was unaffected by hypoglycemia. We conclude that levels of hypoglycemia that do not produce an isoelectric EEG may impair the normal increase in CMRglu during hypoxia but do not alter the global CBF response to hypoxia.
Is your pediatric practice keeping pace with the improving picture of dental economics

A review is provided of dental economics based on national dental expenditure data, ADA economic reports and IRS business receipt information. The favorable series of economic reports, together with continuing projected decreases in the dentist-to-population ratios points to a continuing favorable economic picture for pediatric dental practitioners.
Aqueous solubility of 14C-triamcinolone acetonide.

Abstract The blue tetrazolium colorimetric assay has often been employed in the analysis of corticosteroids. However, the reaction between blue tetrazolium and corticosteroids partly depends on the apparent pH of the system. In an earlier study of the temperature dependence of the solubility and dissolution of triamcinolone acetonide in aqueous dissolution media (distilled water and 0.2‐1.0 M potassium chloride solutions), pH was not considered. To determine the reliability of the data previously reported, the solubility of 14 C‐triamcinolone acetonide was determined by a radioisotopic method. The results of the analyses, using a liquid scintillation counting system, indicate that the steroid solubility is generally about 20% lower than that reported previously.
Fluorescence Anisotropy Imaging in 3D with Single Plane Illumination Microscopy

Anisotropy imaging is a powerful tool to study the organization, composition and dynamics of molecules in biological systems. Changes in the organization and conformation of biomolecules within cells and tissues can be visualized at the single pixel level. Fluorescence anisotropy is typically probed with laser scanning and epifluorescence-based techniques. However, those techniques are limited in either axial resolution, image acquisition speed, or, by photobleaching. In the last decade, selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) has emerged as the best choice for three-dimensional time lapse imaging since it combines axial sectioning capability with fast, camera-based image acquisition, and minimal light exposure [1,2]. We demonstrate how SPIM can be used for three-dimensional fluorescence anisotropy imaging of live cells [3]. To verify the accuracy of our SPIM system, we first measured and compared the anisotropy of Rhodamine110 solutions with different water/glycerol ratios with results obtained using a spectrofluorimeter. Then, we visualized the aggregation states of different fusion proteins in live cells. Further, we were able to show by 3D time lapse anisotropy imaging that formation of membrane protrusions and paxillin aggregates precedes focal adhesion assembly.Work supported in part by NIH grants P50 GM076516 and P41 GM103540.[1] Huisken, J. et al., Optical Sectioning Deep Inside Live Embryos by Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy. Science 305, 1007-1009 (2004).[2] Hedde, P.N. et al., Rapid Measurement of Molecular Transport and Interaction inside Living Cells Using Single Plane Illumination. Sci. Rep. 4, 7048 (2014).[3] Hedde, P.N. et al., 3D fluorescence anisotropy imaging using selective plane illumination microscopy. Opt. Express 23, 22308-22317 (2015).
Piping Assembly Vital Point Determination Using Variation Merging Equations

The objective of this paper is to determine vital points for monitoring accuracy of joining piping assemblies. Variation merging equations are used to identify the vital points. Piping is one of the major outfitting categories in shipbuilding. Easy assembly of piping outfit units is a critical part of productivity improvement. A set of variation merging equations is proposed and demonstrates a method to find pipe piece vital points and critical dimensions.
Scaffolded writing and early literacy development with children who are deaf: a case study

ABSTRACTThis case study examined the effects that the processes of private speech and materialization (using line underscores as word placeholders) had on the emergent writing behaviours of one, six-year-old student who was enrolled in an auditory–oral deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) first-grade classroom situated on a large urban public school campus. Over the period of four months, this study examined (a) how the processes of private speech and materialization assisted emergent writers to become conventional writers, and (b) what changes occurred in children’s writing when they used scaffolded writing. Evidence demonstrated that scaffolded writing accompanied by the sociocultural tools of materialization, self-talk and adult assistance resulted in dramatic qualitative changes in the student’s writing and spelling. Implications include the importance of understanding individual psychogenetic development and the advantages of a sociocultural theory-based approach to emergent writing in the DHH classroom.
Information systems: Obstacle or lever for change?

Responsiveness to competition and to opportunities for new products and markets is galvanising previously stable businesses. One source of this volatility is the increasing application of information and its systems, in innovative ways that demolish old practices and transform organisations. Information systems are increasingly a more crucial resource in the affairs of organisations. Not all organisations have the ability to respond to this stimulus. There is a variety of barriers erected which conspire to thwart exploitation of information and its technology. These are obstacles that present a challenge to managers, the nature of which needs to be identified before they can be overcome. Ways in which information can be mobilised to stimulate a business are explored, and some key questions for every organisation are identified in this paper. There are no panaceas, but some clues are available to aid a concerted search. The paper concludes with a perspective of the future role of information and, through some crucial questions, suggests the decisions that every manager can use to unlock the potential for information as a key resource.
Flexible and stretchable power sources for wearable electronics

Flexible and stretchable power sources represent a key technology for the realization of wearable electronics. Developing flexible and stretchable batteries with mechanical endurance that is on par with commercial standards and offer compliance while retaining safety remains a significant challenge. We present a unique approach that demonstrates mechanically robust, intrinsically safe silver-zinc batteries. This approach uses current collectors with enhanced mechanical design, such as helical springs and serpentines, as a structural support and backbone for all battery components. We show wire-shaped batteries based on helical band springs that are resilient to fatigue and retain electrochemical performance over 17,000 flexure cycles at a 0.5-cm bending radius. Serpentine-shaped batteries can be stretched with tunable degree and directionality while maintaining their specific capacity. Finally, the batteries are integrated, as a wearable device, with a photovoltaic module that enables recharging of the batteries.
Toward Reflective Teacher Education: The University of Connecticut Experience:

& Reflective teachers are never satisfied that they have all the answers. By continually seeking new information, they constantly challenge their own practices and assumptions. In the process, new ...
Susceptibility of Fifth-Instar Indianmeal Moth and Almond Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Cyfluthrin Residues on Peanuts

Inshell peanuts treated with 10, 14, 18, and 22 ppm cyfluthrin were bioassayed with fifth instar Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) and fifth-instar almond moths, Cadra cautella (Walker), after 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of storage. Emergence of the adult almond moth was greater than Indianmeal moth emergence at residual bioassays of 14, 18, and 22 ppm. Regression of increasing emergence with storage time was significant for the Indianmeal moth at 22 ppm and the almond moth at 14 and 22 ppm. For both species, adult emergence decreased as cyfluthrin concentration increased and was described by quadratic regression.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Clinical Studies

The treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) using hypothermia was first described by Temple Fay in 1943 (1). In the 1950s, Sedzimir noted “better than expected” outcomes in several patients with TBI after lowering their body temperatures to between 27° and 30°C for 1 to 5 days (2). Reports of contemporaneous research suggest that this pioneering use of hypothermia was based on the premise that TBI causes a hypermetabolic state, and that an increase in cerebral blood flow in response to the increased metabolic demand is responsible for the brain swelling associated with TBI. In uninjured dogs, for example, Rosomoff found that both cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen fell 6.7% for every 1°C reduction in body temperature between 35° and 25°C (3, 4). Stone and co-workers reported that cooling to 30°C in a primate model produced a 50% reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen and a significantly lower rate of adenosine triphosphate depletion (5). According to Lundberg in 1959, hypothermia was as effective as osmotic diuretics for reducing elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and had a more prolonged ICP-reducing effect than hyperventilation (6). James and colleagues found that hypothermia lowered the ICP in 20 of 40 patients with severe TBI; the ICP reduction averaged 51% (7).
Energy-Efficient Neural Computing with Approximate Multipliers

Neural networks, with their remarkable ability to derive meaning from a large volume of complicated or imprecise data, can be used to extract patterns and detect trends that are too complex for the von Neumann computing paradigm. Their considerable computational requirements stretch the capabilities of even modern computing platforms. We propose an approximate multiplier that exploits the inherent application resilience to error and utilizes the notion of computation sharing to achieve improved energy consumption for neural networks. We also propose a Multiplier-less Artificial Neuron (MAN), which is even more compact and energy efficient. We also propose a network retraining methodology to recover some of the accuracy loss due to the use of these approximate multipliers. We evaluated the proposed algorithm/design on several recognition applications. The results show that we achieve ∼33%, ∼32%, and ∼25% reduction in power consumption and ∼33%, ∼34%, and ∼27% reduction in area, respectively, for 12-, 8-, and 4-bit MAN, with a maximum ∼2.4% loss in accuracy compared to a conventional neuron implementation of equivalent bit precision. These comparisons were performed under iso-speed conditions.
Effect of lattice strain on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of sol–gel synthesized nanocrystalline Ce 3+ substituted nickel ferrite

The rare earth ion cerium (Ce3+) doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles with a structural formula NiCexFe2−xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) were procured using the sol–gel technique. The structural and morphological analysis of the as prepared sample was done using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HRSEM studies. A more in-depth morphological study was facilitated using the TEM, HR-TEM and SAED analysis. The position of the various ions was studied using the FTIR spectroscopy. The magnetic response of the cerium doped parent sample was recorded at room temperature using the vibrating sample magnetometer. The dielectric response of the synthesized sample was observed and analyzed at different temperatures for various frequencies. The well resolved broad peaks in the XRD pattern clearly indicated the nanosized, single phased, cubic spinel nature of these samples. There was a substantial decrease in the crystallite size on doping with cerium. Cerium was successfully substituted into the spinel lattice without any distortion. The TEM investigation revealed random shaped, sharp edged nanoparticles with a normally facetted morphology. The presence of distinctive diffractions spots on the SAED pattern indicated the formation of nanoparticles that are highly crystalline in nature. The FTIR analysis revealed a slight shift in the octahedral absorption band at γ2 towards the lower frequency side with the incorporation of cerium ions. The magnetic properties have been seen to be altered by the addition of Ce3+ in the Ni ferrite matrix. The decrease in the saturation magnetization with the increase in Ce3+ content rendered the synthesized sample applicable in field of antenna construction. This change will be also suitable for reducing the size of the antenna. The variation of the dielectric constant with frequency indicated a monotonous decrease with increasing frequency which is a typical dielectric response of ferrites.
Accountable care organizations and the use of prostate cancer screening and breast cancer screening.

e18308Background: Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) were established under the Affordable Care Act as a new payment model intended to impose greater responsibility on all stakeholders for cost ...
Choline Deficiency, Lipid Peroxidation, Liver Cell Surface Receptor Alterations and Liver Tumor Promotion

The two-stage model of carcinogenesis, originally demonstrated in the skin of mice and rabbits, has been extended to several other organ systems including the liver1,2. The importance of tumor promotion in the genesis of human cancers has been recognized3, and the better understanding of the mechanism of tumor promotion would be critical in the formulation of the overall strategies for the prevention of human cancers. Considerable insights have been gained for the mechanisms of action of phorbol esters, the classical and perhaps most intensively studied skin tumor promoter4 Studies of liver carcinogenesis during the past 15 years have identified a number of promoters with diverse properties1, but the mechanisms of their action remain elusive.
Conventional audiometry, extended high-frequency audiometry, and DPOAEs in youth recreational firearm users.

To determine if conventional audiometry, EHFA, and pDPOAEs are useful as early indicators of cochlear damage from recreational firearm impulse noise exposure in youth firearm users. Quantitative cross-sectional descriptive pilot study. Descriptive statistics and MANOVA with post hoc Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test were used to compare pDPOAEs (1–10 kHz), conventional audiometry (0.25–8 kHz), and EHFA (10–16 kHz) in YFUs. 25 YFUs (n = 11 7–12 years; n = 14 13–17 years) with self-reported poor compliance with hearing protector device wear. Conventional audiometric thresholds at 2-, 3- and 4 kHz were significantly poorer than normal but did not distinguish between older and younger YFUs or between the GBE and the contralateral ear. EHFA thresholds at 14- and 16 kHz were significantly poorer than for other frequencies, and differentiate between older and younger youths, but do not distinguish the GBE from the contralateral ear. Finally, pDPOAE levels were significantly reduced at 8- and 10 ...
A role for Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1a (HIF1a) in intermittent hypoxia-dependent changes to spatial memory and synaptic plasticity

Abstract Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a key feature of sleep apnea, increases the oxygen regulated transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1a (HIF1a). Although recognized for its role in IH-dependent changes in cardio-respiratory physiology, it remains unclear how IH-dependent HIF1a signaling affects neurophysiology underlying learning and memory. This study examines how IH affects hippocampal associated learning and memory in wildtype mice and mice heterozygous for the HIF1a gene (HIF1a+/-). In wild-type mice, ten days of IH impaired performance in the Barnes maze increased hippocampal HIF1a and elevated protein carbonyls. These behavioral and biochemical effects of IH were accompanied by a decrease in the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAr) and an attenuation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in area CA1. In HIF1a+/-, IH did not impair Barnes maze performance, increase hippocampal HIF1a, or enhance protein carbonyl content. At the network level, IH neither led to a decrease in NMDAr nor impaired LTP. Concurrent antioxidant treatment during IH mitigated the IH-dependent effects on the Barnes maze performance and LTP in wildtype mice. Our findings indicate that IH-dependent HIF1a signaling leads to oxidative stress and reduces NMDAr to impair LTP in area CA1, which contributes to IH-dependent deficits in learning and memory associated with the hippocampus. Significance Intermittent Hypoxia is a hallmark of sleep apnea and decreases the threshold for cognitive deficit. We demonstrate that intermittent hypoxia-dependent HIF1a signaling contributes to impairments in hippocampal associated memory. This is co-incidental with HIF1a-mediated alternations in synaptic physiology and increased oxidative stress. Key points Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark of sleep apnea and is known to cause learning and memory deficits. Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1a (HIF1a), is associated with IH-dependent changes in physiology. IH exposure causes increased hippocampal HIF1a in wild type mice and is associated with elevated oxidative stress, impairments to spatial memory, and suppression of long term potentiation (LTP). IH-dependent suppression of LTP is co-incidental with diminished NMDA receptor contribution to glutamatergic transmission. Following IH, mice heterozygous for HIF1a (HIF1a+/-) do not show an increase in HIF1a and oxidative stress, or changes in either behavior or glutamatergic transmission.
Systems Modeling by Interdisciplinary Teams: Innovative Approaches to Distance Education

Teamwork organized around systems models can facilitate mastery of complex, multidimensional issues. To field test this proposition, we designed a graduate-level course in mariculture to help students synthesize what they had learned in traditional courses and to apply that higher-level understanding in a systematic and explicit way in evaluating complex issues. Students and instructors formed an intellectual team that interacted with each other and subject matter experts via site visits, videoconferencing, and the Internet to develop and communicate simulation models of mariculture-system components, and then integrate them. Assessment of student performance was product-based, the main products being a personal logbook and a documented simulation model. Students rated the course experience in three areas, on a scale from 1 (most negative) to 5 (most positive): teamwork (mean = 4.35); systems modeling (mean = 3.75); and collaboration tools (mean = 4.35). Qualitative comments from students via the course Web site suggested both enthusiasm for a new way to learn and frustration over technical problems with modeling and distance education. Despite difficulties, both a majority of students and the instructors judged the course a success, in that it provided a coherent and distance-friendly approach to the study of complex issues.
The Hole Argument Against Everything

The Hole Argument was originally formulated by Einstein and it haunted him as he struggled to understand the meaning of spacetime coordinates in the context of the diffeomorphism invariance of general relativity. This argument has since been put to philosophical use by Earman and Norton (1987) to argue against a substantival conception of spacetime. In the present work I demonstrate how Earman and Norton’s Hole Argument can be extended to exclude everything and not merely substantival manifolds. These casualties of the hole demonstrate that the Hole Argument hinges essentially on our notion of determinism and not on the diffeomorphic freedom of general relativity. In order to prevent all things from falling into the Hole, I argue that we ought to restrict what we require of our deterministic theories. The central conviction which drives the arguments of this paper is that deterministic theories are not required to determine for future moments what they cannot determine for any present or past moments. The form of sophisticated determinism which I defend requires physical theories only to determine those facts for which they are a theory. Since general relativity is diffeomorphically invariant, spacetime point locations are not part the theory’s physical content and are therefore irrelevant for determinism. Since Earman and Norton’s original argument assumes that in substantival general relativity, one is required to determine spacetime point locations, their argument fails.
Trace explosives detection using photo-thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS): theory, modeling, and detection algorithms

We are developing a technology for stand-off detection based on photo-thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). In this approach, one or more infrared (IR) quantum cascade lasers are tuned to strong absorption bands in the analytes and directed at the sample while an IR focal plane array is used to image the subsequent thermal emissions. In this paper we present recent advances in the theory and numerical modeling of photo-thermal imaging and spectroscopy of particulates on flat substrates. We compare the theoretical models with experimental data taken on our mobile cart-based PT-IRIS system. Synthetic data of the photo-thermal response was calculated for a wide range of analytes, substrates, particle sizes, and analyte mass loadings using their known thermo-physical and optical properties. These synthetic data sets can now be generated quickly and were used to accelerate the development of detection algorithms. The performance of detection algorithms will also be discussed.
Discovering opioid users’ medical comorbidities: a data mining approach

ABSTRACTBackground: To combat the opioid crisis, scholars have investigated medical comorbidities associated with opioid use; however, the findings are often contradictory. The main problem resides...
A case of wide complex tachycardia in wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

The manifestation of atrial flutter, particularly with 1:1 conduction, is rare in patients with ventricular preexcitation secondary to Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW). Very few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 40-year old male with a history of untreated WPW who presented with severe chest pain and shortness of breath. He was found to have a rapid, regular, wide complex tachycardia. He underwent successful synchronized cardioversion, in which the patient converted to normal sinus rhythm with classic WPW waveform characteristics, including a shortened PR interval and prolonged QRS complex with a slurred upstroke. Surprisingly, a subsequent electrophysiology study revealed atrial flutter, with bystander conduction of 1:1 atrial flutter being the most likely cause of the patient’s presenting symptoms, and a posteroseptal accessory pathway consistent with the diagnosis of WPW. While considerably rarer than ventricular tachycardia or AVRT, it is nevertheless important for clinicians to consider atrial flutter with 1:1 conduction as a potential diagnosis in patients with WPW presenting with wide complex tachycardia.
Significant Clinical Activity of the Combination of 5-Azacytidine, Valproic Acid and All-Trans Retinoic (ATRA) Acid in Leukemia: Results of a Phase I/II Study.

5-azacitidine (5-AC), and its analogue 5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine (5-DAC), are DNA hypomethylating agents. Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI). Hypomethylating agents and HDACI restore ATRA sensitivity in resistant cells. The combination of a hypomethylating agent with an HDACI is antileukemic in vitro. Based on this, and on a prior study of 5-DAC and VPA (Garcia-Manero, Blood , in press), we developed a phase I/II study of the combination of 5-AC, VPA and ATRA. Patients (pts) with high risk MDS (≥10% blasts); relapsed/refractory AML; and pts > 60 years with untreated disease and adequate renal, hepatic functions and performance status were eligible. A fixed-dose of 5-AC was used: 75 mg/m2 sq daily x 7. ATRA dose was: 45 mg/m2 PO daily x 5 starting on day 3 of 5-AC. The phase I followed a classic 3+3 design. The initial dose of VPA was 50 mg/kg PO daily x 7 concomitantly with 5-AC. Cycles were at least 21 days long. The phase II targets a response rate of ≥30% with stopping rules. Cohorts of 10 pts (max 40) are studied. Thirty one pts are evaluable. Median age is 60 years (5–78). All, but 2 pts with MDS, had AML. Median number of prior therapies was 2 (0–5). Twenty six pts (83%) had abnormal cytogenetics. During the phase I, at a VPA dose of 50 mg/kg, 1/6 pts developed grade 3 non-hematological toxicity; at 62.5 mg/kg, 2/7, and at 75 mg/kg, 3/6. The dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was neurotoxicity, confusion and somnolence. The MTD was 50 mg/kg daily x 7. Twelve pts are enrolled in the phase II. Of the 31 evaluable pts, 9 achieved CR (ANC 10 9/L, platelets 100 x 10 9/L, and marrow blasts ≤5%) and 3 a CRp (same criteria as of CR but without complete platelet recovery), overall response (OR)39%. The median number of courses to response was 1 (1–3). Nine responses occurred in 16 untreated pts, OR 56% (Table). Eighteen patients were treated at the MTD with 9 responses (50%). Cytogenetic responses were observed in all responding pts. To assess the hypomethylating effect of 5-AC, the LINE test was used. Median LINE methylation pretreatment was 62.5% (57–67%), declined to 58% by day 7 and returned to baseline by day 0 of next cycle (p 60 years with previously untreated AML/MDS. Histone acetylation and transient global hypomethylation are observed. Higher levels of VPA are found in responders. Based on prior CALGB experience (Silverman, ASH 2005), this combination appears to be more active than single agent 5-AC in AML. The study continues to accrue. | VPA (mg/kg) | Number of Patients | CR | CRp | OR% | Courses to response | Duration of response (months) | |:-------------------------- | ------------------ | -- | --- | --- | ------------------- | ----------------------------- | | 50 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 50 | 1(1–3) | 2.6(0.5–3.2) | | 62.5 | 7 | 1 | | 14 | 2 | 3.73+ | | 75 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 33 | 1 | 8.1(7–9.2+) | | Total | 31 | 9 | 3 | 38 | 1(1–3) | 2.9(0.5–9.2+) | | Untreated AML/MDS>60 years | 16 | 7 | 2 | 56 | 1(1–3) | 2.9 (0.5–9.2+) | Responses
Nonlinear Change Processes and the Emergence of Suicidal Behavior: A Conceptual Model Based on the Fluid Vulnerability Theory of Suicide

Abstract Although ideation-to-action theories of suicide aim to explain the emergence of suicidal behaviors, researchers have primarily focused on the content of underlying mechanisms (i.e., who dies by suicide). Much less attention has focused on the temporal dynamics of suicide risk (i.e., when suicide occurs). The fluid vulnerability theory conceptualizes suicide as an inherently dynamic construct that follows a nonlinear time course. Newer research implicates the existence of multiple nonlinear change processes among suicidal individuals, some of which appear to be associated with the emergence of suicidal behavior. The cusp catastrophe model provides a useful model for conceptualizing these change processes and provides a foundation for explaining a number of poorly understood phenomena including sudden emergence of suicidal behavior without prior suicidal planning. The implications of temporal dynamics for suicide-focused theory, practice, and research are discussed.
The politics of preserving gender inequality: de-institutionalisation and re-privatisation

A backlash against gender equality is a core component of the contemporary tilt away from liberal democracy in some contexts. The backlash has been enabled by two developments that can de-instituti...
Abstract I03: Immune contexture of human pancreatic cancer

The concept that leukocytes are critical components of solid tumors is now generally accepted; however, their role(s) in regulating aspects of neoplastic progression, and/or response to cytotoxic, targeted, and/or immune therapy is only beginning to be understood. Utilizing de novo mouse models of organ-specific solid tumor development (mammary, cutaneous, and pancreas carcinomas and mesothelioma), we now appreciate that adaptive leukocytes differentially regulate myeloid cell recruitment, activation, and effector function, and in turn, activated tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells engage tissue-based programs to foster malignancy and repress antitumor immunity by a diversity of mechanisms. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with therapeutic agents that disrupt lymphocyte-myeloid cell interaction, myeloid cell activation, or myeloid cell functionality generally slow primary tumor growth kinetics when combined with cytotoxic therapy; however, their impact on metastases is variable. Similar to organ-specific regulatory programs co-opted to foster primary tumor growth, regulation of metastatic seeding and outgrowth is also regulated by tissue- and organ-specific mechanisms. Based on this, it stands to reason that therapeutic strategies may not be efficacious in both primary and metastatic locations. To be presented will be our recent insights into organ- and tissue-specific regulation of primary and metastatic cancer development by adaptive and innate immune cells, how systemic regulation of humoral immunity and complement-mediated pathways regulate pro- versus antitumor immune responses, and new studies evaluating how attenuating protumor properties of select lymphoid and myeloid cells can be exploited to enhance therapeutic responses to cytotoxic and immune-based therapy. (LMC acknowledges generous support from the NIH/NCI, the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program, Susan G. Komen Foundation, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Health.) Citation Format: Lisa M. Coussens. Immune contexture of human pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr I03.
Adsorption of Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles via Solvent Engineering

Colloidal metal nanoparticles (NPs) have long been regarded as ideal precursors for the synthesis of well-defined supported metal catalysts. However, the integration of colloidal metal NPs and cata...
The Poincaré-Bendixson theorem in Isabelle/HOL

The Poincare-Bendixson theorem is a classical result in the study of (continuous) dynamical systems. Colloquially, it restricts the possible behaviors of planar dynamical systems: such systems cannot be chaotic. In practice, it is a useful tool for proving the existence of (limiting) periodic behavior in planar systems. The theorem is an interesting and challenging benchmark for formalized mathematics because proofs in the literature rely on geometric sketches and only hint at symmetric cases. It also requires a substantial background of mathematical theories, e.g., the Jordan curve theorem, real analysis, ordinary differential equations, and limiting (long-term) behavior of dynamical systems. We present a proof of the theorem in Isabelle/HOL and highlight the main challenges, which include: i) combining large and independently developed mathematical libraries, namely the Jordan curve theorem and ordinary differential equations, ii) formalizing fundamental concepts for the study of dynamical systems, namely the α, ω-limit sets, and periodic orbits, iii) providing formally rigorous arguments for the geometric sketches paramount in the literature, and iv) managing the complexity of our formalization throughout the proof, e.g., appropriately handling symmetric cases.
Service Learning to Foster Advocacy Training in CACREP Accredited Programs

The 2016 CACREP accreditation standards highlight advocacy as an area of focus for counselor training programs. Service-learning offers experiential opportunities to address these learning outcomes...
Changing trends in the management of combined pancreatoduodenal injuries.

Management of combined injury to the duodenum and pancreas remains controversial. Our review includes a 5-year period ending June, 1982, in which 34 patients with combined pancreatoduodenal injuries were treated operatively. Nineteen (56%) sustained penetrating injuries and 15 had blunt trauma. Twelve patients underwent active sump drainage and repair. The remaining 22 required more extensive procedures including pyloric exclusion with or without pancreatic resection in 14, and pancreatodu-odenectomy in one. The overall mortality rate was 9% with 2 early deaths secondary to associated injuries and 1 late death due to the pancreatoduodenal injury. Complications directly related to the combined injury occurred in 47% of the patients, including a 20% incidence of pancreatic fistulas. Although no single procedure uniformly applies to these complex injuries, we advocate frequent use of active sump drainage, pyloric exclusion, and early nutritional support via needle catheter jejunostomy.
Mobility Patterns of Top Israeli Researchers

Israel is a small country with only a handful of universities and research institutions. However, it is well known for its advanced research in various disciplines such as information technology, medicine, biochemistry, physics and more. Israeli scientists collaborate with colleagues around the world and many spend significant time abroad. This study sought to discover in which countries the most prolific Israeli scientists spent time. In addition, it examined which countries were the most popular destinations for various disciplinary collaborations.
Measurements at calving for straightbred and crossbred cows of diverse types.

Reproductive and calving records of 611 cows from F1 and F2 generations from a diallel mating system with Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein and Jersey were examined. The inter se matings were by artificial insemination, and each cow had three or four parturitions. Dependent variables included weight, hip weight at first calving, age at first calving, gestation length and calving interval. Brahmans were the heaviest, tallest and oldest purebred at first calving. Crossbred Brahman females tended to be older than other crosses at first calving. Purebred Brahmans and one-half Brahman crosses also had the longest gestation lengths and calving intervals. First-gestation (F1) crossbred cows were 18 kg heavier (P less than .05), 2.0 cm taller (P less than .01) and 35 d younger (P less than .05) at first calving than contemporary straightbreds. Average maternal heterosis for height at calving was significant (1.4 cm; P less than .05); however, estimates of specific and average maternal heterosis for measurements taken at first calving were generally nonsignificant. Estimates of specific and average individual and maternal heterosis were generally small and nonsignificant for gestation length and calving interval.
Interaction of mercury and water deprivation on growth, feed consumption, and mortality in chickens.

The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the effects of dietary Hg treatment, dehydration, and Hg treatment combined with dehydration on growth, feed and water consumption, and mortality in young chickens, and (2) to determine if the effects persisted following a 14-day recovery.
Synthesis and crystal structure of charge-transfer salt (BEDT-TTF) [Pt(mnt)2]

The synthesis and crystal structure of the title organic charge-transfer salt (BEDT-TTF)[Pt(mnt)2] (BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene; mnt = cis-3,4-dimercapto-2-butenedinitrile) is described. The salt crystallizes in the P1 space group with a = 6.728(2) A, b = 7.371(2) A, c = 13.596(4) A, α = 97.904(5)°, β = 90.114(5)°, and γ =108.147(5)°. The stoichiometry between BEDT-TTF and [Pt(mnt)2] is 1:1. The bond length of the central C=C bond in a BEDT-TTF ion is 1.398 (16) A, indicating an oxidation state of +1 in BEDT-TTF ion. The structure consists of layers of BEDT-TTF and Pt(mnt)2 along the c axis. Within each layer, both BEDT-TTF and Pt(mnt)2 ions form segregated stacks. The stacking is not in a face-to-face manner, but instead, is through a side-by-side arrangement along the a axis, with closest S⋅⋅⋅S contacts of 3.461(3) A between neighboring BEDT-TTF ions. The structure is consistent with the semiconducting behavior found in the solid.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE DANA AL-SAFA FOOD PROJECT IN KIEWIT

Dana Food Safa project works in several field of economic sectors , namely agriculture, manufacturing and services sector and marketing is the problem in that the project contributes to the conversion of raw agricultural products , prepared food products for consumption and in pictures manufactured and different , which achieves an increase in the added value of agriculture and increase marketing, export and employment And the provision of foreign exchange. The study of the project aims to analyze its components and evaluate it financially and commercially to encourage investment in agriculture and food and to achieve food security. The results of the study indicated that the project achieves profitability in investment at a rate of %, and achieves net present value and profitability. The investment of the dinar is about, and the project has passed the sensitivity analysis. Conclusively, as for the financial indicators, the project has achieved efficiency, profitability ratios and has passed the financial indicators, which contributes to increasing investment and achieving added value.
Fight/Flight Reaction

The fight-flight reaction can be observed across species and represents a critically important mechanism for survival, no less so in humans than in other living organisms. At the heart of this reaction is fear, which is an immediate response to perceived threat, and anxiety, which is a response similar to fear that can be thought of as anticipation of danger, or even anticipation of fear itself. Put another way, if fear is the sensation people experience with their first bee sting, then anxiety is the emotion they feel thereafter when hearing the buzz of a bumblebee. Keywords: anxiety; fear; stress; fight; flight
Synergy of vaccine strategies to amplify antigen-specific immune responses and antitumor effects.

Several different vaccine strategies have been evaluated and combined in an attempt to amplify T-cell responses toward induction of antitumor immunity. The model tumor antigen used was carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). While initial T-cell activation studies were conducted in conventional mice, combined vaccine strategy studies and antitumor studies were conducted in transgenic mice in which CEA is expressed in normal gastrointestinal tissue and CEA protein is found in sera. The studies reported here demonstrate: (a) A recombinant avipox (fowlpox, rF) vector expressing the signal 1 (CEA) and the B7-1 costimulatory molecule transgenes (designated rF-CEA/B7-1) is more potent in inducing CEA-specific T-cell responses than rF-CEA; one administration of recombinant fowlpox vector expressing CEA and three different costimulatory molecule transgenes (B7-1, ICAM-1, LFA-3, designated rF-CEA/TRICOM) was more potent in inducing CEA-specific T-cell responses than four vaccinations with rF-CEA or two vaccinations with rF-CEA/B7-1. Moreover, up to four vaccinations with rF-CEA/TRICOM induced greater CEA-specific T-cell responses with each vaccination. (b) A diversified prime and boost strategy using a prime with a recombinant vaccinia vector expressing CEA and the triad of costimulatory molecules (designated rV-CEA/TRICOM) and a boost with rF-CEA/TRICOM was more potent in inducing CEA-specific T-cell responses than the repeated use of rF-CEA/TRICOM alone. (c) The addition of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to the rF-CEA or rF-CEA/TRICOM vaccinations via the simultaneous administration of a rF-GM-CSF vector enhanced CEA-specific T-cell responses. These strategies (TRICOM/diversified prime and boost/GM-CSF) were combined to treat CEA-expressing carcinoma liver metastases in CEA-transgenic mice; vaccination was initiated 14 days posttumor transplant. Antitumor effects in terms of survival and CD8+ and CD4+ responses specific for CEA were also observed in this CEA-transgenic mouse model. These studies demonstrate that the use of cytokines and diversified prime and boost regimens can be combined with the use of recombinant vectors expressing signal 1 and multiple costimulatory molecules to further amplify T-cell responses toward more effective vaccine strategies.
Body-composition changes with diet and exercise in obese women: a comparison of estimates from clinical methods and a 4-component model

Background: Most methods available to clinicians for estimating body-composition changes have been validated against estimates from densitometry, based on a 2-component (fat mass and fat-free mass) model. Objective: Estimates of changes in percentage body fat (%BF) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfold thicknesses (SFTs), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) were compared with estimates from a 4-component (fat, water, mineral, and protein) model (%BF d,w,m ), a more accurate method. Design: Determinations of body density from hydrostatic weighing, body water from deuterium dilution, bone mineral and %BF from whole-body DXA, resistance from BIA, and anthropometric measures were made in 27 obese women (BMI: 31.1 ± 4.9) assigned to I of 3 groups: control (C; n = 9), diet only (DO; n = 9), or diet plus aerobic exercise (DE; n = 9). Results: After the 16-wk intervention, changes in body mass (BM) averaged 0.5 ± 2.0, -7.2 ± 7.4, and -4.0 ± 3.3 kg and changes in %BF d,w,m averaged 2.1 ± 1.0%, -1.2 ± 1.4%, and -2.4 ± 1.6% in the C, DO, and DE groups, respectively. Compared with changes in %BF d,w,m , the errors (SD of bias) for estimates of changes in %BF by DXA, BIA, SFTs, and BMI were similar (range: ± 2.0-2.4% of BM). BIA, SFTs, and BMI provided unbiased estimates of decreases in %BF d,w,m , but DXA overestimated decreases in %BF in the DO and DE groups. Conclusions: DXA, BIA, SFTs, and BMI are comparably accurate for evaluating body-composition changes induced by diet and exercise interventions; however, small changes in %BF may not be accurately detected by these clinical methods.
A sequential selectivity model of the decisions of arbitrators

The study investigates arbitrator gender and grievant gender effects on the decisions of 146 arbitrators rendered on a hypothetical drug-testing case. The effects are estimated using a sequential selectivity model. This approach takes into account the sequential and conditional nature of arbitrators' decisions. The results indicate that arbitrators are more likely to overturn terminations when the grievant is female, and that female arbitrators are less likely to fully reinstate grievants when the termination is overturned. Other results include the finding that older arbitrators treated grievants more harshly by more often awarding only partial reinstatements. When suspensions are given, however, we find that older arbitrators award shorter suspensions than do younger arbitrators. It is also found that more experienced arbitrators awarded longer suspensions than less experienced arbitrators.
Characterization of the starch-degrading enzyme ofCorynebacterium diphtheriae typegravis

An inducible cell-surface-bound starch-degrading enzyme produced byCorynebacterium diphtheriae typegravis in tryptose-sodium chloride-maltose broth was partially purified by diethylaminoethylcellulose (DEAE) column chromatography. The partially purified enzyme had approximately six times the specific activity of the crude enzyme. Forty-five percent of the enzyme was recovered in the partially purified form after DEAE chromatography. A molecular weight for the enzyme of approximately 61 200 was obtained by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme was inhibited by mercuric ions,p-chloromercuribenzoate, and iodoacetic acid. It was inhibited slightly by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. The enzyme was not inhibited by mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, fluoride, bromide, or chloride ions. Activity was lost after precipitation with ethanol, and after concentration with Lyphogel, Sephadex G-15, or lyophilization, but no activity was lost after precipitation with ammonium sulfate. Calcium ions did not activate the enzyme. Maltose was the best inducer of the enzyme. All the saccharides tested induced the enzyme slightly. No phosphorylase was found associated with the organism. However, a phosphatase and possibly an α-glucosidase were produced by the organism. The properties of the starch-degrading enzyme(s) ofCorynebacterium diphtheriae typegravis resemble those of either an amylase, an α-glucosidase, or both.
Contextual renewal of cocaine seeking in rats and its attenuation by the conditioned effects of an alternative reinforcer

The present experiment investigated contextual renewal of cocaine seeking and potential methods of attenuating this renewal. Rats were first trained in one context to self-administer cocaine when a discriminative stimulus (tone) was presented. Then, the ABA Group was placed in a second context and responses in tone no longer produced cocaine (extinction). The AAA Group received this extinction in the original context. For two additional groups, responding to the tone was eliminated in a second context by additionally presenting food in tone according to a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO Group) schedule or independently of the rats' behavior on a fixed-time (FT Group) schedule. Renewal of responding to the tone was observed when the ABA Group was returned to the original context for a renewal test, but no renewal was observed in the AAA Group. Renewal also occurred in the DRO and FT Groups upon returning to the original context, but this renewal was significantly less than that of the ABA Group. These results suggest that response elimination techniques that are more active than simple extinction, such as pairing drug-related stimuli with alternative reinforcement, could reduce renewal of drug seeking and thereby help prevent relapse.