cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GARIMPANDO IDEIAS PARA A RECONSTRUÇÃO DO CÍRCULO HERMENÊUTICO E DO CÍRCULO DE CULTURA

O texto versa sobre o circulo hermeneutico de Gadamer e o circulo de cultura de Freire, buscando os encontros e as semelhancas desses pensadores no enlace dialogico. Tal ato impulsiona o enfrentamento necessario para qualquer ato de compreensao das questoes humanas, uma vez que a ampliacao de horizontes linguisticos se revela de multiplas faces, sendo impossivel ter a ultima palavra. Nos impasses e aporias dialogicas sao construidas as intercompreensoes numa espiral hermeneutico-reflexiva. Para Freire, o circulo de cultura surge como possibilidade de superacao da opressao em que vive o oprimido, cuja libertacao sera atraves do dialogo, um espaco em que todos tem a palavra, possibilitando interpretar o mundo constantemente. Concluimos que em ambas as perspectivas, torna-se necessario o dialogo vivo com o outro, que ativa infindaveis interpretacoes, pois para aprender e aprimorar a reflexao e preciso reconhecer e tornar compreensiveis estruturas da pluralidade humana.
The Future of Collaborative Customer Relationship Management: Integrating Demand and Supply Chains

Consumer businesses that effectively link their customer management and supply chain operations to boost customer satisfaction and profitability are twice as profitable as competitors that do not do so. They are two to five times more likely to achieve superior performance in sales, market share, customer service and other key measures, and much more likely to generate higher shareholder returns (Figure 5.1).
Workspace Evaluation and Design: USAF Drawing Board Manikins and the Development of Cockpit Geometry Design Guides

One of the more recent design tools developed from anthropometric data is the series of USAF Two-Dimensional Drawing Board Manikins.1 They were designed by the author primarily for use in the design and evaluation of seated work and crew stations, although with the use of appropriate limb parts they are of essentially equal usefullness in standing workstation design. Fifth, 50th, and 95th percentile male manikins were designed in accordance with the anthropometry of the USAF rated pilots projected to the 1980–90 time period. The procedures used in making these projections are included in Churchill and McConville (1976). A plan for the 5th percentile male manikin is illustrated in figure 1. A 5th percentile female manikin was designed primarily after the current USAF anthropometric data on women from Clauser, et al (1972). An abbreviated list of body-size data after which the manikins were designed is found in table 1.
Genetic and physical mapping of barley telomeres.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) telomeres were investigated by means of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization showed that a tandemly repeated satellite sequence has a subtelomeric location, and is present at thirteen of the fourteen chromosome ends. PFGE revealed that this satellite sequence is physically close to the telomeric repeat. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was then used for segregation analysis and linkage mapping of several telomeric and satellite loci in a segregating doubled-haploid population. The telomeric repeat displayed a hypervariable segregation pattern with new alleles occurring in the progeny. Eight satellite and telomeric sites were mapped on an restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-map of barley, defining the ends of chromosome arms 1L, 2S, 3L, 4S, 4L, 5S and 6. One satellite locus mapped to an interstitial site on the long arm of chromosome 3. The pyhsical location of this locus was confirmed by in situ hybridization to wheat/barley addition line 3.
Generalized Eichler-Shimura Map

Let G/ℤ(p) for ℤ(p)=ℚ∩ℤ p be a connected reductive group split over ℤ p (see Section 4.4.3 for the definition of split algebraic groups). We first prove semi- simplicity of the commutative Hecke algebra acting on the nearly ordinary cohomology group H q n.ord (X(S), L) inside the interior cohomology H ! q (X(S),L)for a modular variety X(S) associated with an arbitrary p-power level open compact subgroup S of G(A∞), where H ! q is the image of the compactly supported cohomology group inside the standard cohomology group. Here the locally constant or coherent sheaf L of ℚ-vector spaces on X(S) is associated with a rational representation of G twisted by a finite-order character. After dealing with topological cohomology groups, we relate as Hecke modules the topological and the coherent cohomology groups via the generalized Eichler-Shimura map (which shows the semi-simplicity of the Hecke algebra acting on the coherent cohomology and topological cohomology). Although we have assumed that G is split over ℤ p , the argument works equally well for a connected reductive G smooth quasi-split over ℤ p .
The Application of Statistics Education Research in My Classroom

A collaborative, statistics education research project (Lovett, 2001) is discussed. Some results of the project were applied in the computer lab sessions of my elementary statistics course. I detai...
Big Data, Computational Social Science, and Health Communication: A Review and Agenda for Advancing Theory.

Contemporary research on health communication has been marked by the presence of big data and computational social science (CSS) techniques. The relative novelty of these approaches makes it worthw...
Routines in Context: How Consistency in Routine Performances Affects Error Generation

This study examines the impact of consistency in routine performances on error generation in a services setting. Our core arguments draw from two traditions of routines research: the capabilities p...
Progressive degeneration of white matter functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, in which pathological alterations are seen in both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). To date functional MRI (fMRI) studies of AD have been exclusively focused on GM, since blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals in WM are relatively weak and thus ignored in practice. Our recent work provides compelling evidence that BOLD fluctuations in brain WM are reliably detectable and reflect neural activities, offering the potential of investigating the functional connectivity in WM. Purpose: In this study, we aim to apply our fMRI analysis method to the investigation of functional alterations in WM during the progression of AD. Method: Raw resting state fMRI data of normal subjects and patients (total n=290, 5 diagnostic groups) were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Each fMRI image was parcellated into 82 GM regions and 48 WM bundles. Temporal correlation between each pair of GM and WM was calculated and the correlations of all pairs constituted a functional correlation matrix (FCM) for each subject. The FCMs were averaged within each diagnostic group, and differences in the averaged FCMs between the normal group and each disease group were sought. Result: Differences in functional correlations progressively enlarge as the disease evolves, and fornix and ventral entorhinal cortices exhibited most pronounced differences between the normal and disease groups. Conclusion: Functional connectivity in WM may serve as a novel neuroimaging biomarker for the progression of AD.
Occupational contact dermatitis caused by benzylisothiazolinone in two fragrance industry workers.

1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) is an antimicrobial agent that is widely used as a preservative in non-cosmetic products. It has been recognized as an allergen since 1976, and has been shown to be responsible for occupational contact dermatitis in workers involved in the manufacture of paints, plastic emulsions, air fresheners, textile and paper dyes, water softeners, and pottery moulds, and in the metallurgy and carpet industries. We report two cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by BIT in chemists working on the development of micro-encapsulated perfumes for detergents.
Parallel Solution-Phase Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Branched Amines

A general method is reported for the parallel solution-phase asymmetric synthesis of α-substituted amines based on the stereoselective addition of organomagnesium reagents to enantiomerically pure tert-butanesulfinyl imines. The sulfinyl imines are prepared in high yields by condensation of tert-butanesulfinamide with aldehydes, followed by quenching and removal of the titanium species with diatomaceous earth saturated with water. Addition of organomagnesium reagents then proceeds with high diastereoselectivities. After aqueous workup following the organometallic addition, liquid/liquid separation is readily accomplished using 1PS filter cartridges. Acidic alcoholysis of the resulting sulfinamide products, followed by acid/base extraction and isolation, affords the desired amine hydrochlorides. The effectiveness of this sequence of reaction and workup procedures was demonstrated by the parallel synthesis of 10 α-substituted amines in excellent overall yields (72−84%) and high enantiopurities (80−97% ee). ...
Abstract 456: Circulating tumor cells and cfDNA changes during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer

Introduction: Head and neck cancer treatment response relies heavily on macroscopic clinical findings. Blood monitoring of circulating markers such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) during treatment may improve earlier detection of responders versus non-responders during definitive radiotherapy. Our work prospectively describes the changes in CTC and cfDNA enumeration during definitive radiotherapy. Methods: Patients with mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and intact gross tumor were eligible for the prospective IRB-approved PREDICT-HN study. Blood samples were collected pre-treatment, after first treatment, weekly, and post-treatment (CellSave and EDTA tubes). CTC was enumerated using the FDA-approved CellSearch (Menarini Silicon Biosystems) system. Filtered plasma were collected from the EDTA tubes and stored at -80C. cfNA from pre-, mid- and post-treatment timepoints were isolated from the filtered plasma using the MagMAX Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and cfDNA were quantified with Qubit high sensitivity dsDNA assay (Invitrogen). Results: 339 blood samples were collected from 45 patients; 137 had detectable CTC. Eight patients had detectable CTCs (1-3/7.5ml blood) in pre-treatment samples. After 1 fraction of radiotherapy, 16 patients had CTCs detected with 12 who had no CTC detected pre-treatment. 19 (42%) patients had detectable CTC in week 6 of treatment. All patients had detectable CTC at some point during radiotherapy except for one patient who had no CTC detected pre, during and post-treatment. There was no correlation between cancer stage, nodal status and gross tumor volume with detection of CTC. Overall circulating cfDNA levels increased during treatment, with their highest level in the final week of treatment similar to when the majority of CTC were detectable in patients, and lowest at the post-treatment time-point. Conclusions: Our interim results showed, for the 1sttime, to our knowledge, that CTCs can be detected during radiotherapy of head and neck cancer, suggesting mobilization into peripheral circulation during treatment, with as-yet-unknown viability. cfDNA kinetics during treatment correlated with CTC release, may indicate apoptotic change during radiotherapy. Combined cfDNA-CTC as an early marker of treatment response should be investigated. Citation Format: Sweet Ping Ng, Carolyn S. Hall, Salyna Meas, Vanessa N. Sarli, Houda Bahig, Baher Elgohari, Amy Moreno, Heath D. Skinner, Adam S. Garden, David I. Rosenthal, William H. Morrison, Jack Phan, G Brandon Gunn, Steven J. Frank, Clifton D. Fuller, Anthony Lucci. Circulating tumor cells and cfDNA changes during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 456.
Fat mass compared to four body condition scoring systems in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).

Captive elephant populations are not self-sustaining due to health concerns possibly related to obesity. Categorizing obesity relies on qualitative analyses like body condition scores (BCS). However, elephant indices have not been validated against measured body composition. The objective was to compare BCS systems to body composition determined by deuterium dilution in 28 zoo-kept Asian elephants. Elephants were weighed and given deuterated water orally (0.05 ml/kg). Blood was collected at ~0, 24, 120, 240, 360, and 480 hr after dosing. Photographs were taken to score the elephant based on four BCS systems (BCSWemmer [0 to 11 scoring], BCSMorfeld [1 to 5 scoring], BCSFernando [0 to 10 scoring], BCSWijeyamohan [1 to 10 scoring]). Based on regression analysis, relative fat ranged from -305 kg to 515 kg, where negative values indicate less and positive values indicate more fat than expected for the elephant's mass in this population. BCSFernando was associated with relative fat (p = .020, R2 = 0.194). Relative fat, adjusted for sex and age in the statistical model, was associated with BCSWemmer (p = .027, R2 = 0.389), BCSFernando (p = .002, R2 = 0.502), and BCSWijeyamohan (p = .011, R2 = 0.426). Inclusion of zoo and familial relatedness resulted in all BCS systems associated with relative fat (p ≤ .015). Only BCSFernando predicted relative fat, unadjusted, suggesting it is the most capable system for practical use. Compared to absolute fat, relative fat may be more biologically relevant as greater fat relative to body mass is more likely to lead to health issues.
McCune-Albright Syndrome With Unremitting Hyperthyroidism at Early Age: Management Perspective for Early Thyroidectomy

Background. McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is characterized by hyperpigmented macules, endocrinopathies, and fibrous dysplasia. Hyperthyroidism is the second most common endocrinopathy in MAS and its management is challenging, particularly among infants and toddlers. Traditionally, young infants have been treated with antithyroid medications, but remission is likely and these medications have severe side effects and affect the control of other endocrinopathies. Thus, it is reasonable to consider permanent treatment options at an earlier age. In this article, we performed a retrospective chart review and describe 3 children who underwent thyroidectomy at an early age due to complex presentation. Case Descriptions. Case 1 was a female patient who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy due to adrenal hyperplasia and subsequently underwent thyroidectomy at 5 months of age due to unremitting hyperthyroidism with fibrous dysplasia, multiple fractures, and ovarian cysts with vaginal bleeding. Case 2 was a 20-month-old female on methimazole who acquired influenza A, precipitating a thyroid storm, and subsequently developed central precocious puberty. Case 3 was a 4-year-old female who underwent thyroidectomy because of unremitting hyperthyroidism after methimazole cessation due to declining neutrophils. All 3 children experienced no complications from thyroidectomy. Conclusions. Early thyroidectomy by an experienced surgeon is an option for managing MAS-associated hyperthyroidism, even in very young patients, with excellent results.
Early adolescents’ views of media ratings in the context of a media literacy program in the U.S

Ratings and labels that warn audiences of sensitive content in media are largely in existence due to concern about potential media impact on young audiences. Largely absent from the research to dat...
What Is the Relationship between Pain and Emotion? Bridging Constructs and Communities

Although pain is defined as a sensory and emotional experience, it is traditionally researched and clinically treated separately from emotion. Conceptual and mechanistic relationships between these constructs highlight the need for better understanding of their bi-directional influences and the value of bridging the pain and emotion research and clinical communities.
Some asymptotic properties of SEIRS models with nonlinear incidence and random delays

This paper presents the dynamics of mosquitoes and humans with general nonlinear incidence rate and multiple distributed delays for the disease. The model is a SEIRS system of delay differential equations. The normalized dimensionless version is derived; analytical techniques are applied to find conditions for deterministic extinction and permanence of disease. The BRN R0* and ESPR E(e–(μvT1+μT2)) are computed. Conditions for deterministic extinction and permanence are expressed in terms of R0* and E(e–(μvT1+μT2)) and applied to a P. vivax malaria scenario. Numerical results are given.
Polychromatic colorings of 1-regular and 2-regular subgraphs of complete graphs.

If $G$ is a graph and $\mathcal{H}$ is a set of subgraphs of $G$, we say that an edge-coloring of $G$ is $\mathcal{H}$-polychromatic if every graph from $\mathcal{H}$ gets all colors present in $G$ on its edges. The $\mathcal{H}$-polychromatic number of $G$, denoted $\operatorname{poly}_\mathcal{H} (G)$, is the largest number of colors in an $\mathcal{H}$-polychromatic coloring. In this paper we determine $\operatorname{poly}_\mathcal{H} (G)$ exactly when $G$ is a complete graph on $n$ vertices, $q$ is a fixed nonnegative integer, and $\mathcal{H}$ is one of three families: the family of all matchings spanning $n-q$ vertices, the family of all $2$-regular graphs spanning at least $n-q$ vertices, and the family of all cycles of length precisely $n-q$. There are connections with an extension of results on Ramsey numbers for cycles in a graph.
The interactive role of SNAP participation and residential neighborhood in childhood obesity

Nationally representative studies of childhood obesity have examined the roles played by neighborhood conditions and by SNAP use, but not the effects of these factors together or in interaction. We...
Shelter in a Storm: Campaign Fundraising, Party Competition, and the Changing Nature of Congressional Committee Assignments

In the article, we argue that closer competition for control of the House of Representatives and increases in the cost of campaigns have elevated the importance of campaign fundraising in the commi...
Epiretinal Membrane Surgery Using Intraoperative OCT-Guided Membrane Removal in the DISCOVER Study versus Conventional Membrane Removal

Purpose To provide a comparative assessment of clinical outcomes between patients undergoing intraoperative OCT (iOCT) and conventional surgery for pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with epiretinal membrane (ERM) peel. Design Case-control retrospective, comparative assessment. Participants Patients undergoing PPV with membrane peel for ERM with eyes pooled from the prospective Determination of Feasibility of Intraoperative Spectral Domain Microscope Combined/Integrated OCT Visualization During En Face Retinal and Ophthalmic Surgery (DISCOVER) iOCT study and eyes undergoing conventional ERM surgery without iOCT. Methods Visual acuity and OCT assessment before ERM surgery and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up after standard small-gauge PPV with iOCT feedback (iOCT DISCOVER group) or PPV with compulsory internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling (conventional group). Visual acuity, central subfield thickness (CST), reoperation rate, and ERM recurrence were determined by record review and post hoc assessment of clinical OCTs after ERM peel. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and ERM recurrence. Results A total of 262 eyes were included. Visual acuity (VA) improved 11.9 letters in the iOCT group (P 0.05 for each time point). Preoperative mean CST decreased in the iOCT group (P Conclusions Intraoperative OCT-guided ERM removal without mandated ILM peeling provided similar VA and anatomic results to conventional ILM peeling for ERM. Future randomized prospective studies are needed to assess fully the possible role of iOCT in ERM surgery and to evaluate the potential impact of nonfoveal ERM persistence or recurrence in comparison with conventional surgery.
Role of Cytokines in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: Preliminary Analysis of a Prospective Database (5521)

Objective: To find the role of various cytokines as blood biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke patients Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of disability with alteplase as the only acute pharmacological treatment approved to date. Various modalities of management and diagnosis are being evaluated. The role of various cytokines is of particular interest. There is limited data on the role of various cytokines such as IL1, IL-6, IL-23, IL-37, MPO and MMP-9 in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This current study is a preliminary analysis of a large prospective study. Design/Methods: This prospective study was approved by the institutional IRB. Patients presenting to an academic tertiary hospital with the diagnosis of AIS were included. All the patients with prior history of stroke, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases were excluded. Patients were categorized into two grouped: AIS group and Control group. The trends in plasma levels of above mentioned cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: This is a preliminary data from a subset of the anticipated larger cohort. Fifty five consenting patients (45 cases and 5 controls) were analyzed in the first phase. There were 23 females in AIS and 6 females in control groups. Caucasian and Hispanics were primarily the predominant ethnicity in both groups. The study showed positive trend of Plasma IL-33, IL-37, and MPO levels between the two groups but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This preliminary data showed a trend of elevated plasma IL-33, IL-37 and MPO levels in AIS patients as compared to control subjects. These are early observations from an anticipated a large-scale prospective study “CRISP” trial registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03297827) to determine the role of various cytokines, in modulating post-stroke inflammation. Disclosure: Dr. Suriya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Farooqui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ikram has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qaryouti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Quadri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ortega Gutierrez has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Medtronic and Stryker Neurovascular. Dr. Qeadan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zafar has nothing to disclose.
A neural network based particle swarm optimization for the transformers connections of a primary feeder considering multi-objective programming

A new multi-objective formulation named normalized weighting method combined with particle swarm optimization for the connections between distribution transformers and a primary feeder problem is presented. The performance of Particle Swarm Optimization can be improved by strategically selecting the starting positions of the particles by back-propagation neural network. Six important objectives are considered in this problem. These six objectives are of equal important to electric utility companies, but they are somewhat non-commensurable with each other. In view of this, a normalized weighting method for the multi-objective problem is proposed. It can provide a set of flexible solutions using particle swarm optimization by following the intention of decision makers. To increase the realism, the load and operating constraints of the system are all considered. Comparative studies on actual Tai-power systems are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the phase load balancing and the improvement of operation efficiency for the proposed method.
Sensible and Latent Heat Flux Estimates in Antarctica

The assumption has been made that the net annual contribution of water by the processes of deposition and sublimation to the Antarctic Ice Sheet is zero. The U.S. Antarctic Program started installing reliable automatic weather stations on the Antarctic Continent in 1980. The initial units were equipped to measure wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, and air temperature. During the 1983-1984 field season in Antarctica, three units were installed that measured a vertical air temperature difference between the nominal heights of 0.5 m and 3.0 m and relative humidity at a nominal height of 3 m. The measurements of the vertical air temperature difference and the relative humidity are the minimum required to estimate the sensible and latent heat fluxes to the air, while not exceeding the available energy requirements for the weather stations. The estimates of the net annual sublimation and deposition on the Ross Ice Shelf amount to 20 to 80 percent of the annual accumulation. We conclude that the assumption that annual sublimation and deposition are zero is not valid under Antarctic conditions.
Local symmetry of copper sites in La2-xSrxCuO4.

Nuclear quadrupole and magnetic resonances of copper ions in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.84}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.16}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ have been performed at temperatures between 300 and 5 K. The analysis of the spectra shows that there are two electronically distinct copper sites for which the symmetry of the electric-field-gradient tensors is uniaxial with the principal axis along the crystal c axis. This result constrains possible structural models.
Synthesis of optimal pulse-width-modulated control systems via equivalent control policies

This paper presents a method of finding the optimal pulse-width-modulated input sequence from the equivalent pulse-amplitude-modulated input sequence. The optimal pulse-amplitude-modulated input is obtained using either the discrete maximum principle or dynamic programming. Both linear time-varying and time-invariant systems are considered for a class of quadratic performance index. A third-order numerical example is solved.
Decentralization, community participation, and improvement of water access in Mexico

One of the most important responses to the decentralization process around the developing world over recent decades has been the call for community-based and participatory-based approaches to planning at the local level. Unfortunately, the results of these programs have often been disappointing, leading some scholars to call for more in-depth exploration of whether community participation can improve prospects for development. This paper explores the somewhat remarkable improvement in individuals’ access to water in a low-income, indigenous community in one of the poorest states of Mexico, Oaxaca. The case study compares the community to others in Oaxaca and finds that the main distinguishing characteristic of the community is its history of collective action. The results suggest that the community’s progress in the decentralized period is due to this advantage.
Environment modification in a simulated human-robot interaction task: experimentation and analysis

This paper describes a novel approach to human-robot interaction, in which a user modifies a robot's environment to constrain its actions, rather than programming its controller. An HRI simulation of a maze navigation task is presented. An empirical evaluation shows that for this task, users prefer an environment modification strategy rather than a programming strategy as the difficulty of the task increases. Further, user alternation between the two types of strategy follows a clear pattern. A preliminary model extending the HRI simulation, one which allows the specification of more general navigation environments, is also presented
The feminization of poverty: A call for primary prevention.

Three-fourths of all poverty in the United States is now concentrated among women and their children. This impoverishment is growing at an alarming rate, particularly among women who are not married—those who are single parents, those who are widows or never married women over the age of 65, and those who are displaced homemakers.
Computer science with the sciences: an emphasis in computational science

The interdisciplinary field of computational science combines simulation, visualization, mathematical modeling, programming, data structures, networking, database design, symbolic computation, and high performance computing with various scientific disciplines. Despite the shortage of computational scientists, few programs and computational science textbooks appropriate for undergraduates exist. After extensive discussions on enhancing computer use in the sciences, Wofford College faculty members designed a curriculum for students majoring in science or mathematics, called "Emphasis in Computational Science." A student electing this program completes a Bachelor of Science, three existing courses (Programming in C++, Data Structures, Calculus I), two new computational science courses (Scientific Programming, Data and Visualization), and a summer internship. Application rich course modules that have been developed in collaboration with scientists are employed as the textbooks for the computational science courses. Available through the world wide web, these modules can instruct and provide applications for a variety of courses [4].
Flame stretch extinction in flow gradients, flammability limits under natural convection

Limits of flammability are discontinuities in the flame propagation rate at finite fuel concentrations. Their existence is caused by competing loss processes that dissipate power from an ideal combustion wave. This study considers the loss process associated with flame propagation into flow gradients; namely, flame stretch. For divergent, spherical propagation from an ignition kernel of radius r, the limit burning velocity for flame stretch is (Su)e=(2 ∞/r) (ρu/ρb). For propagation into a preexisting, stretching velocity gradient of magnitude dv/dx, the limit burning velocity is (Su)e=[∞ dv/dx]1/2. Those limit burning velocity concepts are shown to be fully equivalent to the following: extinction at a critical, flame-zone Damkohler number of Da≤1; extinction at a critical Karlovitz number of K≥1; the Markstein equation for the effect of flame curvature on the local burning velocity. Literature data for the blow-off limits of flames are shown to give excellent agreement with those extinction criteria, provided that proper account is taken of the effects of dilution: composition dilution caused by entrainment and velocity gradient dilution caused by flow expansion. Extrapolation to zero plate thickness of the best available inverted flame data is required in order to overcome those problems. The resultant (dv/dx) (limit)-values obtained are in excellent agreement with the theory. For the normal or earthy limits of flammability, it is natural convection that generates the velocity gradients responsible for stretch extinction. Approximate, flow-field solutions are derived for the unburned gas motions above an upward propagating, spherical-flame kernel in its unconfined state, in the presence of the buoyancy-induced flows generated by the flame's own irreversible, exothermic reactions. The upward hemisphere propagates toward a stagnation plane in a counterflow configuration which is generated by the balance between the combustion-force expansion, which accelerates the cold gas upward, and the buoyancy force couple, which accelerates the cold gas downward. The position of the stagnation plane is controlled by the ratio of the buoyant velocity, vh, to the burning velocity, Su. Extinction occurs by flame stretch in that counterflow configuration when η=vb/Su begins to exceed the expansion ratio, ρu/ρb, and the wave is blown off by its own, buoyancy-induced flows.
Efficient status seeking: Externalities, and the evolution of status games

Abstract Status-seeking games are games in which an individual's utility is determined by his relative expenditure on status-seeking activities rather than his absolute consumption. There are a number of parallels between status-seeking and rent-seeking activities, for example, a tendency for Pareto excessive private investment. However, many status-seeking activities differ from rent-seeking activities insofar as they generate significant benefits to individuals not actively involved in the game. Given an array of more or less productive status-seeking games, it is likely that relatively efficient status conferring mechanisms will tend to displace less efficient ones.
Statistical sampling of microarchitecture simulation

Current software-based microarchitecture simulators are many orders of magnitude slower than the hardware they simulate. Hence, most microarchitecture design studies draw their conclusions from drastically truncated benchmark simulations that are often inaccurate and misleading. The Sampling Microarchitecture Simulation (SMARTS) framework is an approach to enable fast and accurate performance measurements of full-length benchmarks. SMARTS accelerates simulation by selectively measuring in detail only an appropriate benchmark subset. SMARTS prescribes a statistically sound procedure for configuring a systematic sampling simulation run to achieve a desired quantifiable confidence in estimates. Analysis of the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite shows that CPI can be estimated to within /spl plusmn/3% with 99.7% confidence by measuring fewer than 50 million instructions per benchmark. In practice, inaccuracy in microarchitectural state initialization introduces an additional uncertainty which we empirically bound to /spl sim/2% for the tested benchmarks. We present two implementations of SMARTS that both achieve an average error of only 0.64% on CPI. SMARTSim constructs accurate model state through functional warming - continuously warming large microarchitectural structures (e.g., caches and the branch predictor) while functionally simulating the billions of instructions between measurements - reducing average simulation turnaround from 5.5 days to 7.0 hours. TurboSMARTSim replaces functional warming with live-points - checkpoints that store a bare minimum of functionally-warmed state for accurate simulation of a limited execution window - further reducing average turnaround to 91 seconds.
SU-EE-A2-03: Evaluation of Auto-Segmentation Tools for the Target Definition for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

Purpose: With the advent of more sophisticated image devices in the treatment room, image guided radiotherapy(IGRT) and adaptive radiotherapy(ART) have become distinct possibilities. IGRT and ART techniques in their various stages have been implemented in clinics. One of the ART techniques using the daily acquired CTimages involves re‐planning due to the target shape variation during the treatment. Lungcancer volumes of some cases are observed to undergo significant changes where re‐planning is a necessity. To be able to define target efficiently can help the treatment flow significantly. This study evaluates various auto or semi‐auto contouring tools either commercially available or under development for their accuracy and ease of use. Method and Materials: Three methods are included in the study. Two are commercially available (Focal,CMS): auto threshold (of gray level); and auto Segmentation where gray level, the edges and prior shape information are used. The third method is the ITK‐SNAP program that uses a powerful level set(snake) segmentation algorithm to segment anatomical structures in three dimensions. Results: Ten image sets from helical and cone beam CTs are included in the study. The acceptable contours are defined as those with distance to agreement to those drawn by radiation oncologists less than 3 mm. For target volume surrounded by normal lung, the percentage slices of contours that do not need manual adjustment are 41–62%, 23–39%, 62–78% for threshold, auto‐segmentation and SNAP respectively. For cone beam CT, these numbers are approximately 10% lower. SNAP can also be used for target volume with no clear boundary, although the percentage success is much lower. Conclusion: More sophisticated auto‐segmentation tools need to be available routinely with more flexibility for users to adjust algorithm parameters in order for them to be useful for routine clinical ART purposes.
Monopoly and the Intertemporal Production of a Durable Extractable Resource

Monopoly power has an important effect on the rate of production in extractive industries producing a resource that does not quickly wear out, and hence on the pattern of prices, over time. A monopoly producer of a durable resource will often rationally choose a high initial price, and lower that price over time. This contrasts dramatically with the strategy of a competitive extractive industry, which optimally increases price over time at the industry's discount rate, regardless of the durability of the resource. It was found in cases studied here that a monopoly producer of a durable resource will be more conservation-minded than will a competitive industry, initially producing at a slower rate in order to keep early-period prices high.
Regularized recursive least squares for anomaly detection in sparse channel tracking applications

In this paper, we study the problem of anomaly detection in sparse channel tracking applications via the l1-regularized least squares adaptive filter (SPARLS). Anomalies arise due to unexpected adversarial changes in the channel and quick detection of these anomalies is desired. We first prove analytically that the prediction error of the SPARLS algorithm can be substantially lower than that of the widely-used Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm. Furthermore, we present Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for the detection/false alarm trade-off of anomaly detection in a sparse multi-path fading channel tracking scenario. These curves reveal the considerable advantage of the SPARLS algorithm over the RLS algorithm.
Development of a terrain severity measurement system utilizing optical lasers

A terrain severity measurement system utilizing non-contact optical scanning laser technologies employed in on-road profiling has been developed to make detailed measurements of the relative smoothness of all types of terrain from paved roads to extreme off-road conditions. The objectives included operation in all climatic conditions, simplified operation, and rapid availability of data. Accelerometers and inclinometers are used to measure laser sensor movement in order to eliminate measurement errors due to vehicle pitch and roll. A GPS receiver is used to correlate terrain profile information to position and elevation data. The end result is an accurate description of the longitudinal and lateral terrain profile that can be used to characterize the terrain and within vehicle modeling and simulation programs.
A comment on “nuclear excitation by target electron capture”

Abstract A nucleus can be excited by capturing an electron, and the excitation rate can be significant when the nucleus is channeled through a crystal. Several nuclear excitation cross sections are calculated for channeling along the Si 〈110〉 axis. The cross sections are in surpresingly good agreement with previous estimates.
Detecting epistatic effects associated with cotton traits by a modified MDR approach

Genetic expression of a trait is complicated and it is usually associated with many genes including their interactions (epistasis) and genotype-by-environment interactions. Genetic mapping currently focuses primarily on additive models or marginal genetic effects due to the complexity of epistatic effects. Thus, there exists a need to appropriately identify favorable epistatic effects for important biological traits. Several multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) based methods are important resources to identify high-order gene–gene interactions. These methods are mainly focused on human genetic studies. Many traits in plant systems are not only quantitatively inherited but also are often measured in repeated field plots under multiple environments. In this study, we proposed a mixed model based MDR approach, which is suitable for inclusion of various fixed and random effects. This approach was used to analyze a cotton data set that included eight agronomic and fiber traits and 20 DNA markers. The results revealed high order epistatic effects were detected for most of these traits using this modified MDR approach.
The cost-effectiveness analysis of information retrieval and dissemination systems

A distinction is made between cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefits analysis as applied to information systems; and the relationship between costs, performance, and benefits is discussed. Some factors influencing the cost-effectiveness of retrieval and dissemination systems are identified. Various aspects of system operation that are susceptible to cost-effectiveness analysis are discussed, including system coverage, indexing policies and procedures, system vocabulary, searching procedures, and mode of interaction between system and user. Possible tradeoffs between input and output costs, and the effects of these tradeoffs on cost-effectiveness are presented.
Involvement of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in representational memory

To develop an animal model for testing muscarinic agonists, we examined the effects of cholinergic lesions with the ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A) on two types of memory tasks. The tasks provided a distinction between representational and dispositional memory that could be measured in a single paradigm. Young, male Long-Evans rats were trained in a modified T-maze to learn both a discrimination task and a paired-run alternation task. Once animals learned the tasks, they were administered either saline or AF64A (5 nmol into each hippocampus) via stereotaxic technique. One week following surgery, saline-treated animals exhibited comparable performances (P > 0.2) on both the discrimination task (90.0 ± 2.6%correct) and the alternation task (79.5± 5.7%). In contrast, animals treated with AF64A showed a significant impairment of performance (P < 0.005) on the alternation task (56.1 ± 1.7%) as compared to the discrimination task (81.6 ± 5.0%). Performance of the alternation task was significantly lower for AF64A-treated animals than for controls (P < 0.02) AF64A-treated animals subsequently injected with pilocarpine (1.0 mg/kg,i.p.) showed moderate improvements in performance on the alternation task, while performance on the discrimination task remained unaffected. Immunocytochemical studies of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity indicated a loss of ChAT-positive cells in the septal region in AF64A-injected animals while TH-positive cells in ventral tegmental area were unaffected by the treatment. The data suggest that AF64A can be used to produce selective lesions of the septohippocampal cholinergic system, which plays a greater role in representational memory than in dispositional memory. The paired-run alternation task provides a measure of memory function that is sensitive to degeneration of cholinergic systems. Furthermore, the finding that the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine is able to ameliorate deficits associated with cholinergic lesions fosters hope for the development of selective muscarinic agents to treat Alzheimer's disease.
Antipress Violence and the Crisis of the State

Although it is an issue of immediate interest to reporters and press organizations, antipress violence has not elicited a great deal of scholarly attention. While in the context of developed democracies, studies have concluded that violence against the press has significantly diminished in the twentieth century, the situation is markedly different elsewhere. This gap is not surprising considering that the literature on press and democracy has been largely produced in the West and has largely reflected the absence of antipress violence in Western nations. The persistence of attacks against journalists outside the West, however, makes it necessary to put it at the center to analyze the situation of journalistic labor and the prospects for the press in historically weak democracies. This article analyzes antipress violence by focusing on the Latin American case. The argument is that in postauthoritarian situations, the breakdown of the state accounts for why the press, particularly investigative reporters an...
Distribution and abundance of cetaceans in the vicinity of human activities along the continental shelf of the Northwestern Atlantic

Abstract The distribution and abundance of cetaceans were investigated in the vicinity of oil rigs, surface oil and boat traffic along the continental shelf of the northwestern Atlantic. Data concerning the total number of cetacean sightings and individuals were obtained from dedicated aerial surveys conducted between January, 1979 and January, 1982. Sightings per unit effort and individuals per unit effort for areas surrounding active oil rigs were not significantly different from those found in the same areas when no oil rigs were present. Surface oil was sighted ninety-four times. Cetacean sightings were made in the vicinity of oil on eleven different occasions and in oil twice. None of these animals was noted as displaying unusual behavior and no feeding was observed. The presence of boat traffic was found to decrease the probability of sighting squid-eating cetaceans but had no apparent effect on the probability of sighting fish-eating cetaceans.
State estimation for distributed systems with sensing delay

Control of complex systems such as remote robotic vehicles requires combining data from many sensors where the data may often be delayed by sensory processing requirements. The number and variety of sensors make it desirable to distribute the computational burden of sensing and estimation among multiple processors. Classic Kalman filters do not lend themselves to distributed implementations or delayed measurement data. The alternative Kalman filter designs presented in this paper are adapted for delays in sensor data generation and for distribution of computation for sensing and estimation over a set of networked processors.
Multiple clusters on the line

Given N events occurring over time, define an n:t cluster as n consecutive events all contained within an interval of length t. In this paper we derive the expectation, variance and approximate distribution of the number of n:t clusters. The results have applications in epidemiological studies of rare diseases.