cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rebinning and reconstruction of point source transmission data for positron emission tomography

Transmission scans using a single-photon point source on a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner are inherently acquired in a cone-beam geometry. Traditionally, these data are binned into radially parallel oblique projections and then rebinned using single-slice rebinning (SSRB) into a set of two-dimensional parallel sinograms. For axially oblique lines of response (LORs), the SSRB approximation results in axial and tangential blurring of the transmission image, especially at large radial distances. For the animal PET scanner recently completed at the University of Pennsylvania, there is interest in placing the transmission source outside the scanner in order to maximize the transverse field of view (FOV). For this extremely asymmetric configuration, however, the LORs are very oblique (axial angle=19-42 deg). We compared three methods of processing transmission data, SSRB or FORE followed by two-dimensional (2D) reconstruction and an iterative algorithm for transmission data that uses the cone-beam LORs directly (TR-OSEM-CB). All three algorithms produce acceptable transmission images when the source is inside the scanner. For the case when the transmission source is outside the scanner, TR-OSEM-CB produces images with only minor artifacts near the ends of the axial FOV. SSRB and FORE images have significant axial blurring, although the central region of the FORE image is artifact-free and potentially useful for generating attenuation correction factors. Moving the source closer to the detector ring reduces the residual artifacts seen with TR-OSEM-CB.
A novel shape complementarity scoring function for protein-protein docking.

Shape complementarity is the most basic ingredient of the scoring functions for protein-protein docking. Most grid-based docking algorithms use the total number of grid points at the binding interface to quantify shape complementarity. We have developed a novel Pairwise Shape Complementarity (PSC) function that is conceptually simple and rapid to compute. The favorable component of PSC is the total number of atom pairs between the receptor and the ligand within a distance cutoff. When applied to a benchmark of 49 test cases, PSC consistently ranks near-native structures higher and produces more near-native structures than the traditional grid-based function, and the improvement was seen across all prediction levels and in all categories of the benchmark. Without any post-processing or biological information about the binding site except the complementarity-determining region of antibodies, PSC predicts the complex structure correctly for 6 test cases, and ranks at least one near-native structure in the top 20 predictions for 18 test cases. Our docking program ZDOCK has been parallelized and the average computing time is 4 minutes using sixteen IBM SP3 processors. Both ZDOCK and the benchmark are freely available to academic users (http://zlab.bu.edu/~ rong/dock).
Computer-assisted stereotactic neurological surgery: pre-planning and on-site real-time operating control and simulation system

In this decade the concept and development of computer assisted stereotactic neurological surgery has improved dramatically. First, the computer network replaced the tape as the data transportation media. Second, newer systems include multi-modality image correlation and frameless stereotactics as an integral part of their functionality, and offer extensive assistance to the neurosurgeon from the preplanning stages to and throughout the operation itself. These are very important changes, and have spurred the development of many interesting techniques. Successful systems include the ISG and NSPS-3.0.
Detection and diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection in adults with acute liver failure

Disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection may lead to acute liver failure (ALF) and the need for emergency liver transplantation (LT). The primary aim of this study was to determine the utility of HSV serological testing and HSV DNA testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis and management of indeterminate, pregnancy-related, and known HSV-related ALF. Stored sera obtained on study day 1 or 2 from patients enrolled in the United States ALF Study Group with indeterminate (n = 51), pregnancy-related (n = 12), and HSV-related (n = 4) ALF were screened for HSV DNA by PCR and serology. While 7 of the indeterminate and pregnant patients had positive anti-HSV immunoglobulin M, none had detectable HSV DNA. The 4 known HSV cases all had high-titer HSV DNA on presentation (range: 3.5 to 36 x 10(8) copies/mL). Two HSV patients underwent LT but developed posttransplant extrahepatic HSV infection despite suppression of HSV DNA with acyclovir treatment, and one of them eventually died. The 2 other fulminant HSV patients died within 48 hours of presentation. In conclusion, serum HSV DNA indicative of occult HSV infection was not detected in 51 indeterminate and 12 pregnancy-related ALF patients. The 4 patients with known HSV-related ALF all had high HSV DNA levels at presentation, and despite the rapid use of antiviral therapy and emergency LT, substantial morbidity and mortality were encountered, highlighting the poor prognosis with severe disseminated HSV infection.
Breast tumor kinase and extracellular signal- regulated kinase 5 mediate Met receptor signaling to cell migration in breast cancer cells

Breast tumor kinase (Brk/protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6)) is a nonreceptor, soluble tyrosine kinase overexpressed in the majority of breast tumors. Previous work has placed Brk downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) activation and upstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Herein we investigate the regulation of Brk kinase activity and cell migration in response to treatment of keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells) with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), peptide ligands for Met and Ron receptors, respectively. In vitro kinase assays were performed to directly measure Brk kinase activity in response to MET and RON ligands. Transfection of Brk-targeted RNAi was used to knock down endogenous Brk or ERK5 in multiple cell lines. Kinase activities (downstream of MET signaling) were assayed by Western blotting using total and phospho-specific antibodies. Boyden chamber assays were used to measure cell migration in response to manipulation of Brk and downstream MET effectors. Rescue experiments were performed by knock down of endogenous Brk using RNAi (targeting the untranslated region (3′-UTR)) and transient transfection (re-expression) of either wild-type or kinase-inactive Brk. Brk gene silencing revealed that HGF, but not MSP, induced robust Brk-dependent cell migration. Brk and ERK5 copurified in HGF-induced protein complexes, and Brk/ERK5 complexes formed independently of Brk kinase activity. ERK5 was required for breast cancer cell but not keratinocyte cell migration, which became ERK1/2-dependent upon ERK5 knockdown. Notably, rescue experiments indicated that the kinase activity of Brk was not required for HGF-induced cell migration. Further, expression of either wild-type or kinase-inactive Brk in Brk-null MDA-MB-435 cells activated ERK5 and conferred increased HGF-induced cell migration. These results have identified Brk and ERK5 as important downstream effectors of Met signaling to cell migration. Targeting ERK5 kinase activity or inhibiting the formation of Brk/ERK5 complexes may provide an additional means of blocking cell migration associated with breast cancer progression to metastasis.
Immunolocalization of laminin in normal rat liver and biosynthesis of laminin by hepatic lipocytes in primary culture.

Abstract Laminin, a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of ~850,000 daltons, is a major constituent of most epithelial basement membranes. Its presence in the extracellular matrix of normal liver, however, is debated. Using two affinity-purified antibodies directed against laminin, we have localized the glycoprotein within normal rat liver and identified its cellular source. Immunofluorescent staining of rat liver sections revealed laminin in a continuous distribution around hepatic sinusoids, adjacent to hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells. To determine the cellular origin of laminin, three perisinusoidal cell populations (hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and lipocytes) were purified from enzymatically dispersed rat liver and were established in primary culture. By immunofluorescence, laminin was associated almost exclusively with lipocytes. Synthesis of laminin was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of the protein from lipocyte culture medium pulse-labeled with radioactive methionine. These results show that in adult liver, laminin is present in the perisinusoidal matrix and is produced by hepatic lipocytes. Lipocytes, which have the capacity to produce collagen as well as laminin, may be the principal source of extracellular matrix proteins in the perisinusoidal space, and may contribute to subendothelial fibrosis resulting from liver injury.
Effect of clofibrate on arginine-stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion in man

Insulin and glucagon have been reported to have opposing effects upon the mechanisms regulating serum triglyceride concentration. Glucagon in excess of insulin will lower serum lipids in man. In the present studies, we have examined the possibility that a change in glucagon and insulin regulation might contribute to the hypolipemic action of the drug clofibrate. Control insulin and glucagon secretion were evaluated in 24 normal subjects by intravenous arginine infusion, which resulted in a prompt rise in both serum immunoreactive insulin and glucagon concentration. During the maximum rise in concentration of these hormones, plasma triglyceride concentration was acutely reduced from basal levels of 104 ± 6 mg100 ml to 75 ± 5 mg100 ml (p ≤ 0.001). Following 7 days of clofibrate therapy, basal plasma triglyceride concentration attained a new mean level of 78 ± 5 mg100 ml, while basal insulin and glucagon concentrations remained unchanged. However, arginine infusion now resulted in a reduction of the insulin secretory response to 56% of the preclofibrate studies with an associated normal glucagon secretory response. Serum triglyceride concentration was further reduced during arginine infusion to 46 ± 3 mg100 ml, demonstrating this minimum level as maximum plasma glucagon levels were attained, representing an excess of this hormone relative to the reduced insulin concentration. These observations are consistent with an effect of clofibrate on the hormonal regulation of triglyceride physiology in man. Glucose tolerance was unimpaired by clofibrate therapy in these normal subjects, in spite of an apparent reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
Critical Social Theory: Core Tenets, Inherent Issues

This chapter outlines the core tenets of critical social theory and describes inherent issues facing evaluators conducting critical theory evaluation. Using critical pedagogy as an example, the authors describe the issues facing evaluators by developing four of the subtheories that comprise a critical social theory: (a) a theory of false consciousness, (b) a theory of crisis, (c) a theory of education, and (d) a theory of transformative action. They conclude by advocating for more, not less, attention being paid to a critical theory approach in evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Characterization of Verticillium dahliae Isolates and Wilt Epidemics of Pepper

ABSTRACT Epidemics of Verticillium wilt in pepper fields of the central coast of California and isolates of Verticillium dahliae associated with these epidemics were characterized. The mean incidence of wilted plants per field ranged from 6.3 to 97.8% in fields with Anaheim, jalapeno, paprika, or bell peppers. In general, incidence of wilt in jalapeno and bell pepper crops was lower than in crops of other types of pepper. Inoculum density of V. dahliae in the surveyed pepper fields ranged from 2.7 to 66.6 microsclerotia g-1 dry soil, and the correlation between disease incidence and density of microsclerotia was high (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). Distribution of Verticillium wilt was aggregated in a majority of the pepper fields surveyed, but the degree of aggregation varied. Vegetative compatibility group (VCG) characterization of 67 isolates of V. dahliae indicated that 67% belonged to VCG 2, 22% to VCG 4, and 11% to a new group, designated VCG 6. The pathogenicity of isolates of V. dahliae from bell pepper and...
Electrochemical reduction of Ag2VP2O8 composite electrodes visualized via in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD): unexpected conductive additive effects

In this study, we characterize the deposition of silver metal nanoparticles formed during discharge of Li/Ag2VP2O8 cells with composite cathodes containing conductive carbon additive. Using in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) of an intact battery, the location and distribution of silver metal nanoparticles generated upon reduction-displacement deposition within an Ag2VP2O8 cathode containing a pre-existing percolation network can be observed for the first time. This study yielded unexpected results where higher rate initial discharge generated a more effective conductive matrix. This stands in contrast to cells with cathodes with no conductive additive where a low rate initial discharge proved more effective. These results provide evidence that using conductive additives in conjunction with an in situ reduction-displacement deposition of silver metal provides a path toward the ultimate goal of complete electrical contact and full utilization of all electroactive particles.
The Formulation of Ointments Containing Medication Adsorbed on Ion Exchange Resins

A rationale for the use of ion exchange resins as carriers in ointments has been postulated. Tests run to determine the activity of ion exchangers in various types of bases showed that an o/w emulsion base showed the best rate of exchange, the exchange rate being increased with increased water content and decreased ointment consistency. Formulation tests to develop a hydrophilic base showing maximum stability and acceptable cosmetic properties resulted in the development of an o/w base containing pectin and a Veegum base. These bases were shown by ion diffusion studies to be much superior to the U. S. P. hydrophilic base in the length of time over which ion exchange occurred from resins incorporated in the bases.
Consumption Effects of Bundling: Consumer Perceptions, Firm Actions, and Public Policy Implications

The authors investigate consumer, firm, and policy implications of the fast-food marketing practice of bundling a soft drink and French fries with an entree (i.e., “the combo meal”) and then offering these three items at a discount. The authors first demonstrate that this practice increases the customer’s perceived value of the bundled items. In addition to the traditional economic rationale for consumer purchases of bundles, the authors find that consumers view the bundle as having value beyond the notion of a discount or the perception of the items as complements. The authors attribute this increased value to both the reduction in ordering costs and the promotional effects associated with purchasing the bundle. They also find that consumers become more price sensitive to all goods offered when bundled goods are offered. The authors use this knowledge to determine the impact of several public policy strategies that are focused on reducing consumers’ caloric intake. They demonstrate that proposed taxation on soft drinks has little effect on reducing overall caloric consumption when a bundle is present. They also show that it is possible to maintain profits while reducing caloric consumption by at least 10% if the industry as a whole reduces the portion sizes of drinks and fries associated with the combo meals.
Inhalation of liquid nitrogen vapor

A case of accidental inhalation of liquid nitrogen vapor is reported. The patient, a 29-year-old man, developed acute burns of his lips and oropharynx and presented with signs and symptoms of acute upper airway distress within an hour of the injury. The patient underwent emergency tracheostomy and was placed on intravenous dexamethasone and ampicillin. Large mucosal ulcers developed in the posterior hypopharynx and hard palate but the patient was discharged four days post operatively and had no permanent sequelae.
Increased platelet expression of FcGammaRIIa and its potential impact on platelet reactivity in patients with end stage renal disease

Background: Increased platelet reactivity has been implicated in cardiovascular disease – the major cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). FcGammaRIIA is a component of glycoprotein VI and Ib-IX-V that mediate activation of platelets by collagen and von Willebrand factor. To determine whether expression of FcGammaRIIA impacts platelet reactivity we quantified its expression and platelet reactivity in 33 patients with ESRD who were undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from patients immediately before hemodialysis and before administration of heparin. Platelet expression of FcGammaRIIA and the activation of platelets in response to low concentrations of convulxin (1 ng/ml, selected to mimic effects of collagen), thrombin (1 nM), adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 0.2 uM), or platelet activating factor (PAF, 1 nM) were determined with the use of flow cytometry in samples of whole blood anticoagulated with corn trypsin inhibitor (a specific inhibitor of Factor XIIa). Results: Patients were stratified with respect to the median expression of FcGammaRIIA. Patients with high platelet expression of FcGammaRIIA exhibited 3-fold greater platelet reactivity compared with that in those with low expression in response to convulxin (p < 0.01) and 2-fold greater activation in response to thrombin, ADP, and PAF (p < 0.05 for each). For each agonist, expression of FcGammaRIIA correlated modestly but positively with platelet reactivity. The strongest correlation was with thrombin-induced activation (r = 0.6, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased platelet reactivity in response to low concentrations of diverse agonists is associated with high expression of FcGammaRIIA and may contribute to an increased risk of thrombosis in patients with ESRD.
Short History of Performance Theory

A first look at the history of performance research seems to confirm Reinhard Kopiez’s thesis [62] that there are two unrelated threads: on the one hand the empirical research as typically represented by Carl Seashore’s measurements of agogics [62], and on the other the philosophical research as typically represented by Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno’s writings [2]. It is true that these threads can be recognized, and we shall give their short history below, but it is erroneous to consider them as being in any contradictory position.
Treatment options for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing bacteria

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases are increasing causes of resistance in many Gram-negative pathogens of common infections. This has led to a growing utilization of broad spectrum antibiotics, most predominately the carbapenem agents. As the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-producing isolates and carbapenem resistance has increased, interest in effective alternatives for the management of these infections has also developed.Areas covered: This article summarizes clinical literature evaluating the utility of carbapenem-sparing regimens for the treatment of ESBL and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae, mainly β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefepime (FEP).Expert opinion: Based on available data, the use of piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) and FEP in the treatment of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae cannot be widely recommended. However, certain infections and patient characteristics may support for effective use of these alternative agents. In the treat...
Developing a Probabilistic Flood Plain Boundary Using HEC-1 and HEC-RAS

Despite the advances in computer software and modeling tools for hydrologic and hydraulic analysis, the science of developing flood plain extents and depths still involves a great deal of uncertainty. While the physics of rainfall runoff modeling and water surface profile computations is well known, complexities and uncertainties in deriving accurate input parameters still exist. The result is that for any project, such as the development of a flood insurance rate map (FIRM), a number of similar solutions can be generated that can be defended using sound engineering principles. A better approach to developing a flood plain boundary is to incorporate uncertainty in the modeling parameters during model development. Using a series of stochastic simulations a number of probable results from hydrologic and hydraulic models can be computed. Computer automated flood plain delineation tools can then be used to determine flood plain boundaries and inundation depths for the series of model solutions. Finally, a resulting probabilistic flood plain map can be generated from all of the solutions. The probabilistic flood plain shows contours of percent probability that a location is flooded. For example the 100% probability flood zone is the area that is flooded as a result of each of the model runs, whereas the 50% probability flood zone is only flooded by half of the resulting model runs. Despite the sophisticated tools available for determining floodplain extents, the process is not an exact science. One of the most difficult problems in floodplain modeling is the number of input parameters required to create a viable model and the uncertainty associated with these parameters. Current methods of floodplain modeling require that a single set of input parameters be used to define the floodplain. A better method would be to use a distribution of values for each input parameter. This paper will focus on modeling and visualizing the changes in the floodplain boundary caused by random changes in model input parameters within a range of acceptable values. Hydrologic, hydraulic, and automated floodplain delineation model inputs and outputs are dynamically linked to interpret the effects of these random changes on the floodplain boundary.
Variability of Results of Lymphocyte Transformation Assays in Normal Human Volunteers: Responses of Mononuclear Leukocytes to Mitogen Stimulation

Human mononuclear leukocyte transformation responses were tested in a microassay system using measurement of tritiated thymidine incorporation stimulated by different mitogens. A wide range of results was found using cells isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque separation of blood from normal volunteer donors. Considerable variation was seen in the responses of different individuals tested concurrently, and in the responses of single individuals tested sequentially. Wide variation in responses existed even when dose-response curves were produced. There was little variation in the cell concentrations or mitogen concentrations that produced optimal responses in this assay. Caution in comparing responses of mononuclear leukocytes obtained at different venipunctures is advised.
AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF EVOLUTION IN CAPSICUM (SOLANACEAE).

Most recent treatments of the peppers, genus Capsicum (Solanaceae), recognize four or five domesticated taxa and 20 or more wild species (Eshbaugh, 1980a). The distribution of the species is fairly well documented with the exception of the Brazilian taxa. The genus includes a number of wide ranging species as well as several narrow endemics, e.g., C. galapagoensis, C. cardenasii, etc. All taxa are at least facultative self-fertilizers with the exception of C. cardenasii. A survey of chromosome numbers indicates n = 12 or 13 (Pickersgill, 1977), suggesting two lines of evolution which may eventually require some realignment at the generic level. Changing concepts on evolution of the genus have led from the hypothesis of C. frutescens as the single wild progenitor of all the domesticates (Davenport, 1970; Ramalingam, 1972; Jett, 1973), to four or five distinct progenitors each giving rise to a domesticate (Heiser et al., 1971) and alternatively, to three independent lines of evolution leading to domesticated C. baccatum, C. pubescens, and a complex of C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens (Eshbaugh, 1980b). Various approaches to investigating and understanding evolution in the genus have included comparative morphological investigation, karyotype analysis (Ohta, 1962; Shopova, 1966; Pickersgill, 1977) and the study of breeding behavior (Pickersgill, unpubl.; Eshbaugh, 1975). We use the technique of starch gel electrophoresis to provide data for a different perspective of evolution in Capsicum. Re-
The Errors of Sociology

but the appropriation of efficient causes by intelligent beings. Of course sociology employs telic methods, and so does every other science. They are the only methods of which the intellect is capable. The higher mind works through final causes only. Telic is synonymous with intellectual. But in sociology as in all other true sciences, the mind deals with real things-the properties of matter and the forces of nature. Psychic forces are as real and natural as physical forces. In society psychic forces become social forces, and they are the true causes of all social phenomena. The virtual denial of this truth on the part of persons classed as sociologists, is doing sociology far more harm than all that the enemies of the science can do it. Several European sociologists must be so classed, as Ludwig Stein, Draghicesco and Rivera. Nor are they wanting in America; at least passages may be cited to that effect, for example, by Dr. Small, Professor Ellwood, and Professor Hayes. If the sociologists themselves admit that sociology is a pseudo-science how can we expect the enemies of sociology to see it in any better light?" [op. cit., p. 675].
Application of Oscillator Voltage Wave in Insulation Detection of Dry-type Air-core Reactor

It is difficult to detect the inter-turn insulation of dry-type air-core reactor during its operation. In order to find timely the inter-turn insulation fault of reactor and improve operation reliability of device,the application of oscillator voltage wave in the insulation detection of dry-type air-core reactor is studied. Based on inter-turn overvoltage test results of series reactors in two group capacitors,the feasibility of reactor inter- turn insulation detection by oscillator voltage wave is discussed. The effectiveness of the detection method is testified by the disintegration examination of reactor with abnormal oscillator voltage wave. The inter-turn insulation fault of dry-type air-core reactor can be found by oscillator voltage wave which is a feasible detection method.
The canine X chromosome is a sink for canine endogenous retrovirus transposition

Abstract The domestic dog has experienced intensive artificial selection to preserve breed phenotypes. We predicted this stress activates transposition of canine endogenous retroviruses (CERVs) to restore host genomic variation. Subsequent epigenetic silencing via DNA methylation would prevent rampant amplification. Consequently, recently inserted CERVs would show breed- and species-specific patterns of insertion and methylation. We annotated 477 CERVs and employed a Kimura two-parameter model to estimate their insertion date. We found the X chromosome to be enriched with CERV insertions, primarily in non-coding regions. With reduced representation bisulfite sequencing data from 55 dogs and 34 gray wolves, we assessed CERV methylation. Our results suggest that most CERVs inserted before species divergence and are hyper-methylated. CERV methylation is neither breed- nor species-specific and has a significant inverse correlation with age. Therefore, CERVs may impact gene expression via cis-regulation, especially on the X chromosome, but not active transposition.
Prospective observational study of point-of-care creatinine in trauma

Background Patients with trauma are at risk for renal dysfunction from hypovolemia or urological injury. In austere environments, creatinine values are not available to guide resuscitation. A new portable device, the Stat Sensor Point-of-care (POC) Whole Blood Creatinine Analyzer, provides accurate results in Methods 40 patients with trauma were enrolled in a prospective observational study. One drop of blood was used for creatinine determination on the Statsensor POC device. POC creatinine results were compared to the laboratory. Turnaround time (TAT) for POC and laboratory methods was calculated as well as time elapsed to CT scan if applicable. Results Patients (n=40) were enrolled between December 2014 and March 2015. POC creatinine values were similar to laboratory methods with a mean bias of 0.075±0.27 (p=0.08). Mean analytical TATs for the POC measurements were significantly faster than the laboratory method (11.6±10.0 min vs 78.1±27.9 min, n=40, p Conclusions The POC device reported similar creatinine values to the laboratory and provided significantly faster results. POC creatinine testing is a promising development for trauma practice in austere environments and workup of a subset of stable patients with trauma. Further study is warranted to determine clinical impact, both in hospital-based trauma and austere environments.
Impacts of rooftop solar panels on network reconfiguration problem

Network reconfiguration problem has been studied in the literature for more than 20 years. In this study, we extend the problem with one of the today's challenges: integration of renewables at the distribution system level. First, the effect of network reconfiguration on the maximum service capability is examined in a case study. Next, an Optimal Power Flow problem in the form of Semi-Definite Programming is solved and we observe that, in contrast to general expectation, minimization of power loss and minimization of operation cost actually conflict with each other in network reconfiguration problem when renewables are integrated into the radial system. Multi-objective optimization approach is adopted to show all pareto optimal solutions of the problem. Necessity of uni-directional flow in distribution system is studied and a new policy for radial network is proposed to reduce wasted energy.
Remarks About Diffusion Mediated Transport: Thinking About Motion in Small Systems

We describe a dissipation principle/variational principle which may be useful in modeling motion in small viscous systems and provide brief illustrations to brownian motor or molecular rachet situations which are found in intracellular transport. Monge-Kantorovich mass transport and Wasserstein metric play an interesting role in these developments. Some properties of the system that ensure the presence of transport are discussed.
Periapical Microsurgery: The Effects of Locally Injected Dexamethasone on Pain, Swelling, Bruising, and Wound Healing

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the postoperative healing of endodontic periapical microsurgery after local administration of dexamethasone. Methods Sixty patients were divided into 2 groups. The dexamethasone group received a single local submucosal injection of 4 mg dexamethasone, and the placebo group received a submucosal injection of saline solution at the conclusion of standardized periapical microsurgery. Acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen were prescribed for pain relief. A Likert-like 6-point scale was used for self-evaluation of pain, bruising, swelling, and wound healing at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and at 1 week. The number of tablets taken was registered. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher exact tests at a significance level of P Results No improvements in pain, bruising, and wound healing were registered at any time interval. No difference was found in the number of tablets taken for pain relief. Subjects who received the dexamethasone injection reported less swelling 24 hours after periapical microsurgery ( P Conclusions This study shows that a 4-mg dose of dexamethasone administered through a local submucosal injection after periapical microsurgery has minimal impact on pain, bruising, and apparent wound healing at any time over a 7-day interval, and the impact on swelling seems limited.
SiLiCO: A Simulator of Long Read Sequencing in PacBio and Oxford Nanopore

Long read sequencing platforms, which include the widely used Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) platform and the emerging Oxford Nanopore platform, aim to produce sequence fragments in excess of 15-20 kilobases, and have proved advantageous in the identification of structural variants and easing genome assembly. However, long read sequencing remains relatively expensive and error prone, and failed sequencing runs represent a significant problem for genomics core facilities. To quantitatively assess the underlying mechanics of sequencing failure, it is essential to have highly re-producible and controllable reference data sets to which sequencing results can be compared. Here, we present SiLiCO, the first in silico simulation tool to generate standardized sequencing results from both of the leading long read sequenc-ing platforms.
How should neuroscience study emotions? by distinguishing emotion states, concepts, and experiences.

In this debate with Lisa Feldman Barrett, I defend a view of emotions as biological functional states. Affective neuroscience studies emotions in this sense, but it also studies the conscious experience of emotion (‘feelings’), our ability to attribute emotions to others and to animals (‘attribution’, ‘anthropomorphizing’), our ability to think and talk about emotion (‘concepts of emotion’, ‘semantic knowledge of emotion’) and the behaviors caused by an emotion (‘expression of emotions’, ‘emotional reactions’). I think that the most pressing challenge facing affective neuroscience is the need to carefully distinguish between these distinct aspects of ‘emotion’. I view emotion states as evolved functional states that regulate complex behavior, in both people and animals, in response to challenges that instantiate recurrent environmental themes. These functional states, in turn, can also cause conscious experiences (feelings), and their effects and our memories for those effects also contribute to our semantic knowledge of emotions (concepts). Cross-species studies, dissociations in neurological and psychiatric patients, and more ecologically valid neuroimaging designs should be used to partly separate these different phenomena.
718. AAV-Mediated Local Anti-EGFR Antibody Gene Expression in CNS Delays Tumor Growth and Increases Survival in a Human Glioblastoma Xenograft Model

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an attractive target for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), where deregulated expression or activity of EGFR has been associated to tumor development, progression and spread, and decreased survival. Systemic administration of an anti-EGFR antibody (CetuximabTM) reduces cellular proliferation in a variety of cancer models, but for GBM, efficacy is limited by the blood-brain barrier, where only ~ 0.1% of circulating antibodies reach the brain. To circumvent these limitations, we have developed a strategy to deliver the cDNA sequence for the anti-EGFR antibody directly to the CNS via adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vectors, resulting in local, persistent expression in the CNS. Efficacy of this therapeutic approach was evaluated by assessment of survival of NOD/SCID immunodeficient mice after CNS administration of human U87MG glioblastoma cells modified to express wild type EGFR to the striatum, either at the same time or 8 days prior to the administration of an AAVrh. 10-based vector coding for the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody Cetuximab (AAVrh. 10CetMab). Localized expression of the antibody was confirmed by Western analysis and ELISA. Simultaneous administration of AAVrh. 10CetMab and GBM xenograft to the CNS was associated with survival of the treated animals compared to controls that received PBS (AAVrh. 10CetMab treated 5 ± days vs PBS-treated, 31±2 days, p<0.0001). Administration of the vector 8 days after tumor cells delivery, reduced tumor growth by 3-fold at 4 wk as measured by CNS MRI (p<0.05), and increased survival of the antibody treated mice (AAVrh. 10CetMab-treated 36±4 days vs PBS-treated, 3 ± days, p<0.02). Likewise, CNS administration of the AAVrh. 10CetMab vector 3 wk after mice received patient-derived early passage GBM primary cells to the CNS increased survival in the antibody-treated animals with respect to the controls (AAVrh. 10CetMab treated 98±3 days vs PBS-treated, 88±3 days, p<0.03). The data demonstrates that local delivery of an anti-EGFR antibody by an AAVrh. 10-derived vector reduced GBM tumor growth and increased survival in mice with a cell line expressing EGFR and patient-derived xenografts. AAV-mediated antibody gene transfer directly to the CNS may provide an effective treatment of glioblastoma, with therapeutic levels of antibody expression in the tumor milieu.
Accountant's Satisfaction with Accounting Software Package Selection in Mid-Sized Business and Small & Medium Enterprise (SMEs) in Nakhon Nayok Province

The purpose of the research is to measure the accountant’s Satisfaction level in small and medium sized business at Nakhon - Nayok Province. The study relates the accountant’s Satisfaction level with accounting software package selection made by them. This research is based on the Herzberg’s two factor theory in measuring the Satisfaction level of accountant’s and for Software Selection. It includes the variables related to the Software agents’ vendors service Initially 269 Sample respondents (accountants) were structured drawn randomly by using Simple random Sampling. Question was developed for the Survey method. The Satisfaction tools used for the Study are mean Pearson’s simple correlation – However the Study-results Indicated that accountant are highly Satisfied in both Small and Medium sized enterprises. The Study also reported that the variables related to Software Selection are highly considered / Satisfied by accountants. Finally, the research found that there is a relationship between accountants’ Satisfaction with Accounting package Selection. The Pearson correlation coefficient it high at .853 with significant p-value
Analysis of polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via precision extrusion deposition for control of craniofacial tissue mineralization.

Objectives Recurrence of cranial bone fusion following surgical resection in craniosynostosis patients commonly requires additional surgical procedures. Surgical implantation of engineered 3D scaffolds that control tissue mineralization could be utilized to diminish recurrence of fusion. This study investigated the ability of composite scaffolds to control tissue mineralization when cultured in vitro. Setting and sample population Precision-engineered scaffolds with calvarial cells were cultured in vitro at the Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan. Material & methods Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated using a novel precision extrusion deposition technique. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel was coated onto select scaffolds to inhibit mineralization. MC3T3E1(C4) calvarial cells were cultured with scaffolds in media containing ascorbate and phosphate to promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Scaffolds were assayed for osteoblast differentiation by alkaline phosphatase assay. Scaffolds were assayed for mineralization by nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) and by von Kossa staining of histologic sections. Results MC3T3E1(C4) cells differentiated into osteoblasts and formed mineral when cultured on uncoated PCL scaffolds. MC3T3E1(C4) cells were significantly diminished in their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts when cultured on hydrogel-coated scaffold. Conclusion Results of this study indicate that this novel printing technology can be used to fabricate 3D scaffolds to promote and inhibit tissue mineralization in a region-specific manner. Future studies are needed to establish utility of such scaffolds in vivo.
Foley Catheter as a Vaginal Stent in a Toddler with Vaginal Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Abstract Background Sarcoma botryoides is a variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with cure rates exceeding 90%. Vaginal presentation is rare and treatment includes chemotherapy and local radiation. Sequelae of vaginal radiation in this age group have not been well defined. However, vaginal stenosis is a known result of pelvic radiation in adult women with vaginal dilation as the primary method of prevention and treatment. Case An 18-month-old child was diagnosed with vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma and underwent chemotherapy and vaginal brachytherapy radiation treatment. Six weeks after completion of radiation, vaginoscopy was performed with placement of a nonlatex Foley catheter to prevent vaginal stricture. When removed, vaginal patency was normal with no vaginal erosion. Summary and Conclusion Use of a soft, flexible, nonlatex catheter might prevent vaginal stricture in a young child.
Planning accelerated life tests with random effects of test chambers

In accelerated life tests (ALTs), test units are often tested in multiple test chambers along with different stress conditions. The nonhomogeneity of test chambers precludes the complete randomized experiment and may affect the life‐stress relationship of the test product. The chamber‐to‐chamber variation should be taken into account for ALT planning so as to obtain more accurate test results. In this paper, planning ALTs under a nested experimental design structure with random test chamber effects is studied. First, by a 2‐phase approach, we illustrate to what extent different test chamber assignments to stress conditions may impact the estimation of unknown parameters. Then, D‐optimal test plans with 2 test chambers are considered. To construct the optimal design, we establish the generalized linear mixed model for failure‐time data and apply a quasi‐likelihood method, where test chamber assignments, as well as other decision variables that are required for planning ALTs, are simultaneously determined.
Adhesion Force Due To a Meniscus in a Crossed-Fiber System

In certain circumstances, the adhesion force which holds two particles together can be due chiefly to a water meniscus that forms in the contact zone. The source of this meniscus is water vapor, which condenses from the surrounding atmosphere. We have measured the adhesion force due to a water meniscus between a pair of circularly cylindrical quartz fibers held in a crossed cylinder geometry. The experiment permitted many repeated measurements with the same fiber geometry and environmental conditions, as well as control of the geometry and environment. We report measurements of the adhesion force as a function of relative humidity and fiber size, compare our measurements to theory, comment on hysteresis observed on several time scales, and discuss statistics of our measurements. We also discuss the application of light-scattering techniques to the study of adsorbed surface layers.
Non-Invasive Electrical Impedance Tomography for Multi-Scale Detection of Liver Fat Content

Introduction: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive gold standard to detect fatty liver, we demonstrate a low-cost and portable electrical impedance tomography (EIT) approach with circumferential abdominal electrodes for liver conductivity measurements. Methods and Results: A finite element model (FEM) was established to simulate decremental liver conductivity in response to incremental liver lipid content. To validate the FEM simulation, we performed EIT imaging on an ex vivo porcine liver in a non-conductive tank with 32 circumferentially-embedded electrodes, demonstrating a high-resolution output given a priori information on location and geometry. To further examine EIT capacity in fatty liver detection, we performed EIT measurements in age- and gender-matched New Zealand White rabbits (3 on normal, 3 on high-fat diets). Liver conductivity values were significantly distinct following the high-fat diet (p = 0.003 vs. normal diet, n=3), accompanied by histopathological evidence of hepatic fat accumulation. We further assessed EIT imaging in human subjects with MRI quantification for fat volume fraction based on Dixon procedures, demonstrating average liver conductivity of 0.331 S/m for subjects with low Body-Mass Index (BMI 25 kg/m²). Conclusion: We provide both the theoretical and experimental framework for a multi-scale EIT strategy to detect liver lipid content. Our preliminary studies pave the way to enhance the spatial resolution of EIT as a marker for fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome.
Novel application of spintronics in computing, sensing, storage and cybersecurity

With conventional Von Neumann computing struggling to match the energy-efficiency of biological systems, there is pressing need to explore alternative computing models. CMOS switches, although universal, fails to offer additional features to meet this end goal Recent experimental studies have revealed that spintronics possess many promising features that can not only enable non Von Neumann compute models but also high-density storage, sensing of environmental parameters and protection from cybersecurity threats. This paper provides an in-depth study of spintronics and its relation to these novel aspects from device, circuit and system standpoint.
The interplay of postsecondary science educators’ problems of practice and competencies: informing better intervention designs

AbstractResearch has focused on identifying and overcoming determinants that impede widespread adoption of instructional interventions, with little empirical examination of postsecondary educators’...
Cheryl A. Rubenberg 1946–2017

Cheryl A. Rubenberg, independent analyst and former associate professor of political science at Florida International University, died on 16 June 2017 at age seventy-one. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, she earned her bachelor's in political science from Hunter College, her master's in international relations from Johns Hopkins University, and her Ph.D. in international relations from the University of Miami (1979). After a year at Florida Atlantic University, she joined the political science faculty at Florida International University. A student who took her class on American government wrote that Professor Rubenberg “changed my life forever” by exposing the business interests that motivate leaders of American government and media.