cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Keto–Enol Tautomers of 2-Thiazolyl-, 2-Oxazolyl-, 2-Benz­oxazolyl-, or 2-Benzothiazolyl-1-phenylethenols with α,β-Alkynyl Esters: Syntheses of Highly Functionalized Fused-Ring Heterocycles

2-Methyl-1,3-thiazole, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazole, 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-thiazole, 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazole, 2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazole and 2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole were each treated with benzoyl chloride in acetonitrile containing triethylamine to give the corresponding (Z)-2-(heterocyclic)-1-phenylvinyl benzoates. Base hydrolysis of these vinyl benzoates gave the corresponding 2-(heterocyclic)-1-phenylethenols, which exist in both keto and enol tautomeric forms. These tautomers were used as starting materials for the syntheses of fused-ring heterocycles. The reactivity of the keto–enol tautomers depends on the nature of the heteroatom and the substituents that are present on the ring. Each tautomeric pair reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in methanol to give the 5,6-ring-fused 8-benzoyl-5-oxo-5H-thiazolo- and 8-benzoyl-5-oxo-5H-oxazolopyridinecarboxylate, 4-benzoyl-1-oxo-1H-pyrido[2,1-b]benzoxazolecarboxylate and 4-benzoyl-1-oxo-1H-pyrido[2,1-b]benzothiazolecarboxylate derivatives. Two novel 5,7-ring-fused compounds, tetramethyl 9-benzoyl-2,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]azepine-5,6,7,8-tetracarboxylate and its oxazole analogue, were also obtained when the tautomers formed from 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-thiazole and 2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazole, respectively, were treated with DMAD. Reactions of the tautomers with methyl propiolate did not, however, give satisfactory results.
Application of the SMART Model in Two Successful Social Marketing Projects

Abstract Social marketing is best viewed as a systematic, consumer-based planning approach. The Social Marketing and Response Tool (SMART), one such approach, was recently used in two successful social marketing projects. This article describes how the SMART model was used in these projects and presents a planning protocol for health educators interested in social marketing.
T-Cells and excitotoxicity: HIV-1 and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Until recently the central nervous system (CNS) was considered an immune-privileged site, however, technological and immunological advances have resulted in the CNS being reclassified as an “immune-specialized site.” The immune cells, particularly T-cells, continuously patrol the brain and are involved in neuroimmune responses. As such, any changes in the brain microenvironment could affect the physiological functioning of T-cells. Particularly, neurotransmission-associated abnormalities, such as excitotoxicity associated with hypersecretion of glutamate, could severely affect the neuroimmune function of T-cells. Excitotoxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders. The specific excitotoxicity triggered by the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, glutamate, is considered a key mechanism involved in neuronal death. The inability of brain immune cells to overcome these aberrant changes is an active area of investigation. In the systemic circulation, glutamate is inversely related to the number of CD4+ T-cells; however, the effects of elevated glutamate and glutamate-induced exicitotoxicity on cells homing in the brain are critical for understanding neuropathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
Epigomphus Subquadrices, a New Dragonfly (Odonata: Gomphidae) Erom Panama, with Notes on E. Quadrices and Eugomphus N. Subgen

The species described as new came to the writer in a small collection of dragonflies from Panama mostly collected by Dr. Dale Jenkins, tropical botanist and rubber expert. In the collection was one envelope labeled “Cerro Campana, 2000 ft., Panama Prov., R. P., VIII-10-41, Graham Fairchild.” The specimen was completely eaten out by ants or other tropical scavangers and fell to pieces on relaxation. Nothing remains but the hollow exoskeleton.
Automated Erythrocytopheresis for Relief of Priapism in Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathies

AbstractPriapism, a complication of male patients with sickle hemoglobinopathies, has been managed by a variety of surgical and nonsurgical forms of therapy that often are unsuccessful. The application of automated erythrocytopheresis (red blood cell exchange) by continuous-flow and semicontinuous-flow procedures appears to offer distinct advantages in the treatment of complications resulting from sickle hemoglobinopathies. The successful application of erythrocytopheresis for the relief of priapism in a patient with hemoglobin SC disease is presented and probably represents the first case reported on the use of automated red blood cell exchange procedures in the treatment of this condition. Data and results of automated erythrocytopheresis in 4 additional patients are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of erythrocytopheresis in the treatment of priapism (and other complications of sickle hemoglobinopathies) are discussed and the method is compared to other modes of therapy.
Elotuzumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma

Elotuzumab is one of the first two monoclonal antibodies that gained FDA approval for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). It targets SLAMF7, which is highly expressed in normal plasma and MM cells as well as natural killer (NK) cells. Elotuzumab demonstrated significant anti-myeloma activity in preclinical studies, and its mechanisms of action include mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, enhancing cytotoxicity of NK cells, and inhibiting MM cell interaction with bone marrow stromal cells. In clinical trials, elotuzumab in combination with immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors has demonstrated an excellent efficacy and safety profile in treating MM.
Subsidiarity and the New Governance: Reflections on the Lombard Experience

This brief report is intended to offer a preliminary assessment of the model of governance developed in the Lombard region of Italy during the past fifteen years.1 More specifically, the report focuses on the extent to which this model has served its avowed goal of advancing an approach to governance embodied in the concept of subsidiarity (Colombo and Mazzoleni, 2007). To do so, his report proceeds in three steps. First, it identifies a number of distinguishing features of the “Lombardy model” of public problem-solving that became at least partially apparent in the course of this preliminary review. Second, it calls attention to several potential tensions in what turn out to be three somewhat different conceptual impulses underlying the Lombard approach. Finally, it outlines a series of features that a true “subsidiarity-inspired” model of governance could be expected to exhibit, and preliminarily assesses the extent to which they seem to be present in the Lombard case.
A SURVEY OF RECENT RESULTS ON ITERATIVE METHODS FOR SOLVING LARGE SPARSE LINEAR SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary The iterative solution of large sparse systems of linear equations, have come in areas like preconditioned conjugate gradient methods, multigrid methods for solving elliptic difference equations, efficient adaptation of basic iterative methods to special computers such as vector computers, and robust software. This chapter focuses on the recent development in algebraic tools, which, by virtue of their reoccurring use in the items, furnishes a link between current technology and future advances. It provides an overview on new use of ideas from summability theory and conformal mapping theory, to study optimized iterative methods. The chapter also reviews closely-related algebraic methods arising in the recent analysis of the symmetric successive over relaxation iterative method, in the iterative solution of sparse least-squares problems, and in extensions in the theory of regular splittings.
Postsilicon Voltage Guard-Band Reduction in a 22 nm Graphics Execution Core Using Adaptive Voltage Scaling and Dynamic Power Gating

In high volume manufacturing, conventional approach to deal with inverse-temperature dependence (ITD) and aging is to add a postsilicon flat voltage guard band to all dies based on testing a small random sample of dies. Although this scheme guarantees error-free operation, it significantly degrades energy efficiency, as it penalize all dies for the maximum delay degradation due to ITD and aging as seen by the worst case die, while also assuming maximum aging condition. In this paper, a graphics execution core implemented in 22 nm trigate process uses per-die tunable replica circuit (TRC) to monitor delay degradation due to ITD and actual aging conditions. TRC triggers adaptive voltage scaling to dynamically adjust $V_{\mathrm {CC}}$ as needed during run time to maintain correct operation at minimum additional voltage. Measured data show up to 33% (14%) energy savings at 0.4 V (0.8 V) compared with baseline scheme. The TRC is also utilized in a dynamic power gating (DPG) scheme to lower energy overhead due to fast droop guard band. DPG introduces a load line effect during normal operation, thus saving energy, while deactivating this load line upon droop detection by the TRC to maintain ISO performance as baseline. Silicon data show that DPG can improve energy efficiency by 14.5% (7%) at 0.8 V (0.6 V).
Diagnosis and Management of the Borderline or Controversial Lesions Suggesting Melanoma

In this monograph the author discusses at length particular lesions or histopathologic findings that suggest or mimic primary melanoma on a regular basis. Accordingly, a major goal of this book is to provide clinical, histopathologic, and other criteria that are as precise as possible to aid the physician in resolving or at least managing these problems. The aims of this section are to list in one place the most common borderline lesions one is likely to encounter and to offer advice about their management. Because each borderline lesion is to some degree unique, it is simply not possible to exhaustively recount all of the potential scenarios or variations, since they are myriad (if one has seen one borderline melanocytic lesion, one has seen one).
Factors in Fairness and Emotion in Online Case Resolution Systems

Courts are increasingly adopting online information and communication technology, creating a need to consider the potential consequences of these tools for the justice system. Using survey responses from 209 litigants who had recently used an online case resolution system, we investigate factors that influenced litigants' experiences of fairness and emotional feelings toward court officials. Our results show that ease of using the online case resolution system, the outcome of the case, and a litigant's perceptions of procedural justice are positively associated both with whether the litigant views the process as fair and whether the litigant ultimately feels positive emotions toward court officials. We also analyze the online explanations litigants offer in their arguments to courts and litigant answers to an open-ended question about their court experiences, and highlight design and practical implications for online systems seeking to improve access to justice.
Construction of Structured Heterogeneous Networks from Massive Text Data: Extended Abstract

Network data analytics is important, powerful, and exciting. How big role may network data analytics play in the real world? Much real-world data is unstructured, in the form of natural language text. A grand challenges on big data research is to develop effective and scalable methods to turn such massive text data into actionable knowledge. In order to turn such massive unstructured, text-rich, but interconnected data into knowledge, we propose a data-to-network-to-knowledge (D2N2K) paradigm, that is, first transform data into relatively structured heterogeneous information networks, and then mine such text-rich and structure-rich heterogeneous networks to generate useful knowledge. We argue that such a paradigm represents a promising direction and network data analytics will play an essential role in transforming data to knowledge. However, a critical bottleneck in this game is mining structures from text data. We present our recent progress on developing effective methods for mining structures from massive text data and constructing structured heterogeneous information networks.
SEPARATRICES FOR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the separatrices for dynamical systems. Separatrix is defined only in the special case that the flow contains a saddle point. The separatrix must be contained in a limit set. The entire trajectorial structure of a planar flow is determined, at least partially, by the structure of the separatrices. Markus defines separatrix for unstable flows on an n-manifold M and shows, among other things, that if the flow is completely unstable and there are no separatrices, then the orbit space is Hausdorff and the natural mapping of M onto the orbit space is the projection of a fiber bundle. In such a setting, the absence of separatrices assures the existence of a subset N of M, such that each trajectory intersects N in exactly one point, and this intersection occurs in a continuous manner.
ON ENERGY PATHWAYS IN SURFACE REACTIONS

Molecular dynamics simulations allow detailed investigations of energy pathways and the dynamical evolution of interaction processes at surfaces. Studies of surface diffusion of single particles and clusters reveal the microscopic mechanisms of energy transfer, excitation, and mode coupling in activated rate processes. The phenomena of dynamical rate enhancement is defined and stochastic evolution is discussed in terms of nonlinear dynamical processes.
Protocol based invasive intracranial pressure monitoring in acute liver failure: feasibility, safety and impact on management

Acute liver failure (ALF) may result in elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). While invasive ICP monitoring (IICPM) may have a role in ALF management, these patients are typically coagulopathic and at risk for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Contemporary ICP monitoring techniques and coagulopathy reversal strategies may be associated with a lower risk of hemorrhage. Our objective was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, impact on clinical management and outcomes associated with protocol-directed use of IICPM in ALF. Adult patients admitted between June 2011 and October 2016, with ALF and grade-4 encephalopathy with a reasonable likelihood of survival, were eligible for IICPM. The coagulopathy reversal protocol included administration of recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and desmopressin, a goal platelet count >50,000/mm3 and fibrinogen >100 mg/dL. Monitor insertion was performed within an hour of the rFVIIa dose. Only intraparenchymal monitors were used. Computed tomography of the brain was performed prior to and within 24 hours of monitor placement. Outcomes of interest included ICH, sustained intracranial hypertension, therapeutic intensity level (TIL) for ICP management, mortality and functional outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge and 6 months. A total of 24/37 patients (65%) with ALF underwent IICPM. The most common reason for exclusion was encephalopathy grade 3). Protocol-directed use of IICPM in ALF is feasible, associated with a low incidence of serious complications and has a significant impact on clinical management.
A Survey on Virtual Reality for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Design Considerations

In this article, state of the art on virtual reality (VR) for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a focus on training/targeted intervention is discussed and reflected upon to explore areas for more future benefits. We present advantages of VR for individuals with ASD. We identify challenges and design issues for future training applications regarding individuals with ASD. We discuss and present design guidelines accumulated in the literature so far, mostly based on observations in user studies exploring the usefulness of VR as a training tool for individuals with ASD, with a systematic literature review. We present and apply a new taxonomy that classifies previous VR works on training individuals with ASD according to immersive and regular (non-immersive) VR systems and types of social, life and safety skills based on a systematic literature review. We explore the common design considerations of the previous VR studies for training individuals with ASD. Finally, based on the systematic literature reviews, we identify key gaps in the research on this topic and present future research considerations.
Facebook Reactions: Impact of Introducing New Features of SNS on Social Capital

Receiving feedback from connections is an important aspect of Social Network Sites (SNS). ‘Likes’ in Facebook (FB) is one such feature which allows users to receive feedback for their posts. However, due to likes restrictive ability in expressing feedback, FB released a new feature called ‘Reactions’. In this paper, we conducted a between-subjects experimental study (N = 44) that compares the effects of Facebook likes and reactions on perceived social capital. The results suggest that users who received reactions on their posts perceived higher levels of bridging and bonding social capital. Additionally, the effect of novelty was shown to be a mediator of these effects on social capital. These results help us understand the relationship maintenance, group cohesions, and user benefits of introducing a new feature into an SNS ecosystem.
Quantum Modeling: A Bridge between the Pumping and Signaling Functions of Na/K-ATPase

Although the signaling function of Na/K-ATPase has been studied for decades, the chasm between the pumping function and the signaling function of Na/K-ATPase is still an open issue. This article explores the relationship between ion pumping and signaling with attention to the amplification of oxidants through this signaling function. We specifically consider the Na/K-ATPase with respect to its signaling function as a superposition of different states described for its pumping function. We then examine how alterations in the relative amounts of these states could alter signaling through the Src-EGFR-ROS pathway. Using assumptions based on some experimental observations published by our laboratories and others, we develop some predictions regarding cellular oxidant stress.
Contributions of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting to children's self-regulation: Evidence from an adoption study

The origins of top-down self-regulation are attributed to genetic and socialization factors as evidenced by high heritability estimates from twin studies and the influential role of parenting. However, recent evidence suggests that parenting behavior itself is affected by parents' own top-down self-regulation. Because children's top-down self-regulation is influenced by genetic factors and parenting is influenced by top-down self-regulation, the effects of parenting on children's top-down self-regulation identified in prior studies may partially reflect passive gene-environment correlation. The goal of this study was to examine parenting influences on children's top-down self-regulation using a longitudinal, adoption-at-birth design, a method of identifying parenting influences that are independent of the role of shared genetic influences on children's characteristics because adoptive parents are genetically unrelated to their adopted child. Participants (N = 361) included adoptive families and biological mothers of adopted children. Adoptive mothers' and fathers' harsh/negative parenting were assessed when children were 27 months of age and biological mothers' top-down self-regulation was assessed when children were 54 months of age. Adopted children's top-down self-regulation was assessed when they were 54 and 72 months of age. Results, accounting for child gender, biological mother top-down self-regulation, and the potential evocative effects of adopted child anger, provide evidence that inherited influences and socialization processes uniquely contribute to children's top-down self-regulation. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the importance of both mother's and father's parenting behavior as an influence on young children's top-down self-regulation. The implications of these findings for understanding the complex mechanisms that influence children's top-down self-regulation are discussed.
Operational Transconductance Amplifier With Class-B Slew-Rate Boosting for Fast High-Performance Switched-Capacitor Circuits

In this paper, a technique for slew-rate (SR) boosting suitable for switched-capacitor circuits is proposed. The proposed technique makes use of a class-B auxiliary amplifier that generates a compensating current only when high SR is demanded by large signals. The proposed architecture employs simple circuitry to detect the need for a large output current by employing a highly sensitive pre-amplifier followed by a class-B amplifier. The functionality of the class-B transconductance amplifier is dictated by a predefined hysteresis, and operates in parallel with the main amplifier. The proposed solution demands small static power (under 20% of main amplifier power) due to its class-B nature. The experimental results in a 40-nm CMOS technology show more than 45% reduction in slew time, and a 28% shorter slew time for 1% settling time when used in a typical 4.5 bit/stage block commonly used in pipelined analog-to-digital converters. Compared with the core amplifier, HD3 at 500 MHz reduces by more than 10 dB when the SR boosting circuit is activated.
Jitana: A modern hybrid program analysis framework for android platforms

Abstract Security vetting of Android apps is often performed under tight time constraints (e.g., a few minutes). As such, vetting activities must be performed “at speed”, when an app is submitted for distribution or a device is analyzed for malware. Existing static and dynamic program analysis approaches are not feasible for use in security analysis tools because they require a much longer time to operate than security analysts can afford. There are two factors that limit the performance and efficiency of current analysis approaches. First, existing approaches analyze only one app at a time. Finding security vulnerabilities in collaborative environments such as Android, however, requires collaborating apps to be analyzed simultaneously. Thus, existing approaches are not adequate when applied in this context. Second, existing static program analysis approaches tend to operate in a “closed world” fashion; therefore, they are not easily integrated with dynamic analysis processes to efficiently produce hybrid analysis results within a given time constraint. In this work, we introduce Jitana , an efficient and scalable hybrid program analysis framework for Android. Jitana has been designed from the ground up to be used as a building block to construct efficient and scalable program analysis techniques. Jitana also operates in an open world fashion, so malicious code detected as part of dynamic analysis can be quickly analyzed and the analysis results can be seamlessly integrated with the original static analysis results. To illustrate Jitana ’s capability, we used it to analyze a large collection of apps simultaneously to identify potential collaborations among apps. We have also constructed several analysis techniques on top of Jitana and we use these to perform security vetting under four realistic scenarios. The results indicate that Jitana is scalable and robust; it can effectively and efficiently analyze complex apps including Facebook, Pokemon Go, and Pandora that the state-of-the-art approach cannot handle. In addition, we constructed a visualization engine as a plugin for Jitana to provide real-time feedback on code coverage to help analysts assess their vetting efforts. Such feedback can lead analysts to hard to reach code segments that may need further analysis. Finally we illustrate the effectiveness of Jitana in detecting and analyzing dynamically loaded code.
Formative Design and Evaluation of an Immersive Learning Intervention for Adults with Autism: Design and Research Implications

We present here the formative design and evaluation of Virtuoso, an immersive learning intervention for adults significantly impacted by autism. The intervention consisted of two components: a spherical, video-based VR intervention, and a headset-based VR intervention. VR-based interventions such as Virtuoso have garnered a modest basis of empirical support, but more is needed. The focus of the intervention was on using public transportation. Usage testing utilized multi-methods, including observational and survey methods. Results suggest a very positive user experience for participants using both video-based and headset-based VR, indicating the video-based condition was more relevant and easy to use. Implications for design and future directions for research related to VR-based interventions for individuals with autism are discussed.
Original articleManagement of breast cancer in very young women

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women age 40 and younger in developed countries, and although generally improving, survival rates for young women with breast cancer remain lower than for older women. Young women are more likely to develop more aggressive subtypes of breast cancer (more triple negative and more Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 [HER2]-positive disease) and present with more advanced stage disease. Previous research has demonstrated that young age is an independent risk factor for disease recurrence and death, although recent data suggest this may not be the case in certain tumor molecular subtypes. Recent preliminary evidence suggests potential unique biologic features of breast cancer that occurs in young women although this has yet to have been translated into treatment differences. There are clearly host differences that affect the management of breast cancer for young patients including generally being premenopausal at diagnosis, and fertility, genetics, and social/emotional issues in particular should be considered early in the course of their care. Despite an increased risk of local recurrence, young age alone is not a contraindication to breast conserving therapy given the equivalent survival seen in this population with either mastectomy or breast conservation. However, many young women in recent years are choosing bilateral mastectomy, even without a known hereditary predisposition to the disease. For those who need chemotherapy, multi-agent chemotherapy and biologic therapy targeting the tumor similar to the treatment in older women is the standard approach. Select young women will do well with hormone therapy only. Recent data from the TEXT and SOFT trials evaluating the optimal endocrine therapy for the first 5 years, and the ATTom and ATLAS trials demonstrating benefit from extended duration of tamoxifen (10 vs. 5 years), have further defined options for adjuvant endocrine therapy for young women with early breast cancer. Attention to adherence with endocrine therapy may be particularly important to improve outcomes in this population who are at increased risk of non-adherence compared to older women.
An Application-Centric Characterization of Distribution Techniques for Dynamic Adaptive Grid Hierarchies.

Dynamically adaptive methods for the solution of partial differential equations that employ locally optimal approximations can yield highly advantageous ratios for cost/accuracy. Distributed implementations of these methods offer the potential for accurate solution of physically realistic models of important physical systems. These implementations however, lead to interesting challenges in dynamic data-distribution and load balancing. This paper presents ongoing work on characterizing the performance of dynamic partitioning and loadbalancing techniques for distributed adaptive grid hierarchies that underlie adaptive mesh-refinement algorithms (AMR). The overall goal of this characterization is to enable the selection of the most appropriate mechanism based on application and system parameters.
Abstract A44: PR55α regulatory subunit of PP2A inhibits the MOB1/LATS cascade and activates YAP in pancreatic cancer cells

PP2A holoenzyme complexes constitute the majority of Ser/Thr phosphatase activities in human cells. Each PP2A consists of a catalytic subunit (C), a scaffold subunit (A), and a regulatory subunit (B). While the A and C subunits are highly conserved, a large number of B subunits share no homology, which determines PP2A substrate specificity and/or cellular localization. Although different PP2A complexes play distinct roles in cell signaling networks, PP2A has been defined only as a putative tumor suppressor, mostly based on loss-of-function studies using inhibitors (pharmacologic or biologic) for the highly conserved A or C subunit of PP2A. Many studies of specific pathways indicate that PP2A also possesses tumor-promoting function. We have reported an essential role of PR55α, a PP2A regulatory subunit, in supporting oncogenic phenotypes and in vivo tumorigenicity and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we investigated a novel mechanism by which PR55α activates the YAP oncoprotein that plays an essential role in oncogenesis and metastasis of solid tumors including pancreatic cancer, resulting in its stabilization and nuclear retention. This mechanism involves PR55α’s inhibition of the MOB1-mediated LATS1/2 autoactivation, which otherwise would suppress YAP activation, and its direct activation of YAP itself. However, this mechanism does not involve the inhibition of upstream MST1/2 kinases and their subsequent T1079/T1041-phosphorylation of the LATS1/2 kinases. Furthermore, PR55α has the predominant effect on YAP activation, and the effect cannot be substituted by the depletion of either LATS1/2 or MOB1. Accordingly, PR55α is essential for YAP-promoted gene transcription, as well as for the anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells. In summary, current studies demonstrate a novel pancreatic cancer promoting mechanism through the PR55α-regulated PP2A. Citation Format: Ashley L. Hein, Nichole D. Brandquist, Caroline Y. Ouellette, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Charles A. Enke, Michel M. Ouellette, Surinder K. Batra, Ying Yan. PR55α regulatory subunit of PP2A inhibits the MOB1/LATS cascade and activates YAP in pancreatic cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A44.
Anatomy of a Conspiracy Theory: Law, Politics, and Science Denialism in the COVID-19 Era

With COVID-19, we are facing the most serious public health threat of our lifetime Now, more than ever, we need experts and sound scientific advice to guide critical decision-making during the pandemic With conspiracy theories and other similar rhetorical weapons being used to discredit our scientific experts, we face a myriad of misinformation, mistruths, and all-out attacks on our experts, breeding distrust among the public and the policymakers leading the fight against the pandemic Since President Trump took office, scientists have been routinely denigrated and isolated, while science denialism has permeated its way up to the highest levels of government, resulting in disastrous public policy decisions that have been detrimental to environmental and public health Funding has been cut for much needed research on zoonotic-borne diseases, the U S government has pulled its support from the Paris Climate Agreement, and well-respected scientists have been removed from various advisory roles in agencies Until the COVID-19 pandemic, many of these decisions have gone unnoticed by the general public But, in courtrooms over the past 30 years, judges have recognized the danger of fake experts and acted as gatekeepers in ensuring that experts are credible and that science is reliable The use of Daubert in the courtroom has provided judges with a tool for allowing expert testimony that has met certain indicia of reliability, so jurors can focus on making factual determinations instead of judging whether the sources of the expertise should be trusted Without a similar gatekeeping function in society, citizens are charged with making those determinations on their own Scientists and advocates of science should employ rhetorical methods of their own to restore the credibility and importance of science in protecting our environment and now, our health Change can only truly come from the ground up Citizens must actually believe that the climate is changing;they must believe that the health advice they are receiving from public health experts is accurate and trustworthy enough to follow It’s time to put science first;we can only do that if we stop science denialism in its tracks and restore resources and trust in our scientific community
Effect of directed aging on nonlinear elasticity and memory formation in a material

The authors show how disordered networks aged under external strain attain a memory of their aging history.
FBXO44-Mediated Degradation of RGS2 Protein Uniquely Depends on a Cullin 4B/DDB1 Complex

The ubiquitin-proteasome system for protein degradation plays a major role in regulating cell function and many signaling proteins are tightly controlled by this mechanism. Among these, Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) is a target for rapid proteasomal degradation, however, the specific enzymes involved are not known. Using a genomic siRNA screening approach, we identified a novel E3 ligase complex containing cullin 4B (CUL4B), DNA damage binding protein 1 (DDB1) and F-box protein 44 (FBXO44) that mediates RGS2 protein degradation. While the more typical F-box partners CUL1 and Skp1 can bind FBXO44, that E3 ligase complex does not bind RGS2 and is not involved in RGS2 degradation. These observations define an unexpected DDB1/CUL4B-containing FBXO44 E3 ligase complex. Pharmacological targeting of this mechanism provides a novel therapeutic approach to hypertension, anxiety, and other diseases associated with RGS2 dysregulation.
Extraction of Pectin from Lemon ( Citrus limon L.) fruit peels and its utilization in the Production of Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) Jam

Citrus fruits peels are very rich in pectin and can be used as source of pectin for its commercial production. Moreover, the citrus fruit peels contained several bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, essential oils, antioxidants and flavors are widely incorporated into food products in order to enhance their sensory properties and to improve their nutritional and health benefits. Therefore, aim of this study was to make use of lemon peels as a source of pectin in making watermelon jam along with different levels of sugar and pectin. Pectin was extracted from lemon peel by acid extraction method at pH 1.5, 80℃ for 1 hour. The physico-chemical, sensorial and microbiological properties of the formulated jam were assessed using standard AOAC methods. The physico-chemical analysis of freshly made watermelon jam revealed that an increasing trend in titratable acidity from 0.27 to 0.61% (as citric acid), moisture from 52.9 to 63.1% and decreasing trend in pH from 3.95 to 3.31 and total soluble solids from 68.1 to 66.1°Brix when the pectin levels increased from 1.8 to 3.3 g per 500g watermelon pulp. According to Kruskall-Wallis Method the mean scores of the sensory qualities in terms of color, taste, texture, aroma and overall acceptability varied significantly (p 0.05) differences between in total plate count of all treatments. The results of this study revealed that the watermelon jam formulated with 65g of sugar, 2.8g of pectin and 500g of pulp was the best combination and it could be stored at 30±1℃ for 12 weeks without any significant changes in the quality characteristics. Therefore, pectin which was extracted from lemon peels can be used as an effective food additive in watermelon jam production.
We Are What We Read: Assessing Bias in the Implicit Curriculum of a Social Work Program

A school of social work devised a process to assess the implicit curriculum by auditing the required readings to identify the race and gender of the authors. As a profession, we espouse a strong commitment to social justice and diversity. Yet we know that there are limitations to our objectivity and that auditing is a valuable tool that can reveal biases. The concrete data provided by an audit can help reveal and disrupt entrenched patterns. The audit was conducted by reviewing the syllabi for required BSW and MSW courses. For each text, we collected the names, gender, and race for each author. Across all programs, authors were disproportionately White as compared to the general U.S. population, professional authors, professional social workers, and students in the programs. Similarly, men were over-represented as compared to all of the benchmarks, except for the authors in the BSW program, which was more feminized as compared to the U.S. population. This assessment process adds to the existing toolset by measuring current levels of representation—including over and underrepresentation. It is hoped that auditing will prove an effective tool for doing antiracist and anti-oppressive assessment, however an audit can only reveal where work is needed.
The Black Middle Class

Versions of the story are so common it has become apocryphal. It seems that after they were married, a woman discovered that her new husband had a problem with alcohol. A lack of sobriety she hitherto attributed to his proclivity to celebrate their relationship was evidently a regular feature of his life. Besides drinking for the sake of an evening’s entertainment, he consumed large quantities of whiskey virtually every day. Most of the time he did not even wait for the evening and launched his efforts by imbibing his breakfast. The result was a perpetual haze that was occasionally broken by gales of violence. For her part, she tried to tame this intemperance. In the long run, she was sure he would honor his promises to be the kind of husband he was supposed to be. As time passed, however, the drinking increased. Even after they had children and mortgage payments to meet, he would periodically get too inebriated to go to work. But she gamely persisted. Despite the incessant complaints directed toward him by her friends, she stood by him. When he lost his job, she made sure that her employment was good enough to pay their bills. When he threatened toassault the children, she interceded to quiet him down. To outsiders, all this was inexplicable. How could so good and reasonable a woman allow herself to be bamboozled by so obviously a lost cause? Why didn’t she just leave him?
Hysteroscopic tubal sterilization. I. A preliminary report.

Abstract Seventeen multiparous patients underwent a sterilization by cornual cauterization at hysteroscopy with 30 per cent Dextran. There were no complications and the procedure was simple. A patient failure rate of 25 per cent as determined by hysterosalpingography three months postoperatively was obtained.
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and magnetic reconnection: Mass transport at the LLBL

During periods of southward IMF magnetic reconnection appears to be the dominant process for the transport of magnetic flux and magnetosheath plasma into the magnetosphere. However, for northward IMF the transport of mass into the magnetosphere is not well understood. In particular for strongly parallel magnetic fields on the two sides of the magnetopause, magnetic reconnection does not operate or is inefficient for the mass transport. For largely parallel fields the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) mode is unstable for k vectors largely perpendicular to the magnetic field. Although the KH mode is an ideal instability, the deformation of the boundary magnetic field through the KH can generate strong current layers and force magnetic reconnection within the KH vortex motion. We will discuss this process, onset conditions, and implications for the structure of the Low Latitude Boundary Layer (LLBL). The transport of mass appears consistent with the diffusion required at the LLBL and with the typical correlation time for the magnetospheric plasma density in response to changes in the solar wind.
Transfusion support in liver transplantation

Solid-organ transplantation continues to grow as a treatment modality. Transfusion support remains an integral part of solid-organ transplantation, imparting demands on the transfusion service not only quantitatively in terms of blood product support, but also due to the unique requirements for specialized blood components, the complex serologic problems, and the immunologic effects of transfusion on both the allograft and the recipient.
A highly specific phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae implicated in tRNA splicing.

Abstract We identified and partially purified a phosphatase from crude extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that can catalyze the last step of tRNA splicing in vitro. This phosphatase can remove the 2'-phosphate left over at the splice junction after endonuclease has removed the intron and ligase has joined together the two half-molecules. We suggest that this phosphatase is responsible for the completion of tRNA splicing in vivo, based primarily on its specificity for the 2'-phosphate of spliced tRNA and on the resistance of the splice junction 2'-phosphate to a nonspecific phosphatase. Removal of the splice junction 2'-phosphate from the residue adjacent to the anticodon is likely necessary for efficient expression of spliced tRNA. The phosphatase appears to be composed of at least two components which, together with endonuclease and ligase, can be used to reconstitute the entire tRNA-splicing reaction.
Weitz's Legacy

One common way of framing the recent history of definitional theories of art has it that Wittgensteinian challenges to the definitional project were not successful in establishing the impossibility of a successful definition, but they were successful in providing limits on the kinds of theories that can work. A key part of this story concerns Morris Weitz’s argument that “art” is indefinable because art is – as he calls it – an “open concept”. The argument has since been refuted by definitional theories that account for art’s openness. Doing so, in fact, has become something of a motivation for and a requirement of subsequent theories. I argue here, however, first that accepting (explicitly or implicitly) Weitz’s premise that art is open has led to an unfortunate pessimism about providing thoroughly informative definitional theories, and second that such pessimism is unwarranted. Art is not, in fact, open in the way Weitz suggests. Recognizing this should enable us to once again seek more informative definitional theories.
Effect of Skin Pretreatment With Vehicle Alone or Drug in Vehicle on Flux of a Subsequently Applied Drug: Results of Hairless Mouse Skin and Diffusion Cell Studies

Clinical and in vitro evidence suggest that pretreatment of skin with a drug or vehicle can influence topical drug delivery. In this study, hairless mouse skin in diffusion cells was treated for 48 h with topical applications of vehicle alone (oleic acid (OA), isopropyl myristate, octanol (OCT), dimethylformamide, propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG), formamide), or mixtures OA and PG, or with 5-fluorouracil (5-EU) suspensions in each of these vehicles. Twenty-four hours after removing the initially applied agent, a standard suspension of theophylline in PG was applied to the skin surface and the flux of theophylline was determined over the next 48 h. Skin pretreatment with vehicle alone increased theophylline flux 1.6- (EG) to 122-fold (OCT) over control experiments in which the skins were not pre- treated. Pretreatment with nonpolar vehicles with lower solubility parameters (OA, OCT, or mixed vehicles containing one of these) had the greatest effect on subsequent theophylline flux. Pretreatment with 5-FU in various vehicles caused a sub- sequent increased theophylline flux similar to the effect of vehicle alone, except for pretreatment with 5-FU in vehicles which did not have much effect themselves. In those instances, theophylline fluxes up to 16-fold over the effect of those vehicles alone were observed.
Goodness Personified: The Emergence of Gifted Children

This paper explores the emergence of “gifted children” as a recognized, enforceable social category. The paper begins with an examination of psychologists' representation of “gifted children” during the first decades of the century. In particular, attention is drawn to early gifted child scholars' emphasis on the superiority of the white upper classes and the inferiority of dark-skinned and working-class peoples. The second part of the paper deals with continuities and discontinuities in later gifted child writings. Despite the current discussion of “cultural relativism,” “pluralism,” and “inclusion” within gifted child education, the themes of racism and classism are still evident.
COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH VARIOUS CROWN ETHERS

Cu-dibromid reagiert mit einem grosen Uberschus an Dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 in Dichlormethan unter Ruckflus zu einem Komplex, der durch Zugabe von Cyclohexan bei Raumtemperatur gefallt werden kann.
Divalent ions and the surface potential of charged phospholipid membranes.

Phospholipid bilayer membranes were bathed in a decimolar solution of monovalent ions, and the conductance produced by neutral carriers of these monovalent cations and anions was used to assess the electric potential at the surface of the membrane. When the bilayers were formed from a neutral lipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, the addition of alkaline earth cations produced no detectable surface potential, indicating that little or no binding occurs to the polar head group with these ions. When the bilayers were formed from a negatively charged lipid, phosphatidylserine, the addition of Sr and Ba decreased the magnitude of the surface potential as predicted by the theory of the diffuse double layer. In particular, the potential decreased 27 mv for a 10-fold increase in concentration in the millimolar-decimolar range. A 10-fold increase in the Ca or Mg concentration also produced a 27 mv decrease in potential in this region, which was again due to screening, but it was necessary to invoke some specific binding to account for the observation that these cations were effective at a lower concentration than Ba or Sr. It is suggested that the ability of the alkaline earth cations to shift the conductance-voltage curves of a nerve along the voltage axis by 20–26 mv for a 10-fold increase in concentration may be due to essentially a screening rather than a binding phenomenon.
Path-integral quantization of solitions using the zero-mode Feynman rule

We propose a direct expansion treatment to quantize solitons without collective coordinates. Feynman's path integral for a free particle subject to an external force is directly used as the generating functional for the zero-frequency mode. The generating functional has no infrared singularity and defines a zero-mode Feynman rule which also gives a correct perturbative expansion for the harmonic-oscillator Green's function by treating the quadratic potential as a perturbation. We use the zero-mode Feynman rule to calculate the energy shift due to the second-order quantum corrections for solitons. Our result agrees with previous predictions using the collective-coordinate method or the method of Goldstone and Ja\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}kiw.
Technophilia and Nature Religion: The Growth of a Paradox

This article explores the issues, theoretical paradoxes and potential problems that occur when the ideas and beliefs of Nature Religion adherents (specifically Wiccans) are juxtaposed with many believers' utilisation and seeming dependence on the technological (read: non-natural), hyper-real communication medium of the Internet for communicating and developing their nature-based ideologies, for the enhancement of their experience of Wiccan practices through ritual, and for community creation and growth.