cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining Family Involvement in Regular and Special Education: Lessons to be Learned for Both Sides

Abstract Parental involvement is recognized by both legislation and research as essential for student growth and achievement. However, parental involvement research looks different with respect to regular education and special education. This paper examined the similarities and differences in the literature between the two fields. More specifically, this review examined both fields in relation to the definition of parental involvement, effects of parental involvement, motivation for involvement, methods of involvement, and barriers to successful involvement. By looking across both literatures, the similarities and differences about parental involvement can be better understood. By clearly understanding the construct of parental involvement in both regular and special education research, directions for future research can be developed.
Maturation of suprathreshold auditory nerve activity involves cochlear CGRP–receptor complex formation

Abstract In adult animals, the neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is contained in cochlear efferent fibers projecting out to the cochlea, and contributes to increased suprathreshold sound‐evoked activity in the adult auditory nerve. Similarly, CGRP applied to the lateral‐line organ (hair cell organ) increases afferent nerve activity in adult frogs (post‐metamorphic day 30), yet this increase is developmentally delayed from post‐metamorphic day 4–30. In this study, we discovered that there was also a developmental delay in increased suprathreshold sound‐evoked activity auditory nerve between juvenile and adult mice similar to what had been observed previously in frog. Moreover, juvenile mice with a targeted deletion of the α CGRP gene [CGRP null (−/−)] did not show a similar developmental increase in nerve activity, suggesting CGRP signaling is involved. This developmental delay is not due to a delay in CGRP expression, but instead is due to a delay in receptor formation. We observed that the increase in sound‐evoked nerve activity is correlated with increased formation of cochlear CGRP receptors, which require three complexed proteins (CLR, RAMP1, RCP) to be functional. CGRP receptor formation in the cochlea was incomplete at 1 month of age (juvenile), but complete by 3 months (adult), which corresponded to the onset of suprathreshold enhancement of sound‐evoked activity in wild‐type animals. Taken together, these data support a model for cochlear function that is enhanced by maturation of CGRP receptor complexes.
Transphyseal Fracture of the Distal Part of the Femur in a Newborn: A Case Report.

Transphyseal separations of the distal part of the femur are infrequently seen in newborns. These fractures are often caused by birth injuries (e.g., during breech deliveries)1,2. There is swelling in the affected extremity and pain with palpation, and the transphyseal separation can be confused with a septic joint. Patients must be imaged appropriately with use of radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect more subtle fractures2. When the diagnosis of distal femoral physeal separation has been made, treatment choices include closed reduction only, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, or open reduction and percutaneous pinning. Previous case reports have described percutaneous pinning as the preferred method of treatment in neonates3,4. However, this case report describes a transphyseal fracture of the distal part of the femur diagnosed at seven days of age in a neonate; the fracture was repositioned at the bedside without administering general anesthesia, and it was adequately treated in a long leg splint. The two-year follow-up demonstrated complete remodeling and no clinical sequelae from the injury. The patient's parents were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and they provided consent. A 1.53-kg twin infant was born at thirty-four weeks to a forty-two-year-old G1 P1 woman. The infant was spontaneously vaginally delivered and was born in a footling breech position. While the infant was in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for seven days receiving a gastrointestinal workup for abdominal distention and bilious aspiration, it was noted that there was swelling superior to the left knee and that he would cry when the knee was palpated. These finding were concerning for a septic joint, and an orthopaedic consultation was obtained. The patient had no noteworthy medical history, but the mother had a history of …
Imaging with the Brookhaven Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscope

Current x-ray microscopes offer the possibility of imaging unstained, unfixed, unsectioned, micron thick, wet biological specimens with a resolution approaching 30nm. Because the absorption of x-rays depends primarily on the elemental composition of the specimen, the images lend themselves to quantitative analysis of sample structure. The Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope at Brookhaven National Lab uses a zone plate to form a focused probe through which the sample is scanned. The modulation transfer function of the microscope has been measured and agrees well with calculations based on the zone plate construction. This knowledge permits recovery of the intrinsic contrast of object features using image deconvolution. Current zone plates provide a Rayleigh resolution of 50 nm, and the ability to see 30 nm objects. This resolution has been achieved in practice for images of test specimens and dried biological specimens, where high doses can be tolerated. Single images of wet V. faba chromosomes show 80 nm resolution. Subsequent images show that specimens were degraded by radiation damage following the initial exposure. Many researchers have used the Brookhaven STXM for problems in neurobiology, protein transport, elemental imaging, and chromosome structure.
Guide on the Side and LibWizard Tutorials side-by-side: How do the two platforms for split-screen online tutorials compare?

ABSTRACTSplit-screen tutorials are an appealing and effective way for libraries to create online learning objects where learners interact with real-time Web content. Many libraries are using the University of Arizona's award-winning, open source platform, Guide on the Side. In 2016, Springshare released a proprietary alternative, LibWizard Tutorials. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of this kind of tutorial. It also examines the differences between each platform's distinctive characteristics. These platforms create similar split-screen tutorials, but have differences that affect diverse aspects of installation, administration, authoring and editing, student learning, data management, and accessibility. Libraries now have the opportunity to consider and compare alternative platforms, and decide which one is best suited to their needs, priorities, and resources.
Who's Afraid of Psychiatric Genomics?

In their article, Kong, Dunn, and Parker (2017) offer a pointed critique of the growth of psychiatric genomics as a tool to better understand and treat mental disorders. To encapsulate their concer...
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF U.S. STANDARD SETTERS CONCERNING THE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF CORPORATE FINANCIAL REPORTING

Over the last forty-five years, U.S. standard setters have changed their perceptions about the primary users and basic objectives of corporate financial reporting. Formerly, it was providing information to a variety of users for a variety of purposes. Presently, it is usefulness for making resource allocation decisions by existing and potential investors and creditors. Standard setters view other stakeholders as secondary users and accountability as a secondary and distinctly subservient objective. This paper documents how and why standard setters have narrowed their perceptions. It examines some reasons for this narrowing not considered by standard setters, including undue influence of financial report preparers and auditors, regulatory capture, and resistance to accountability while giving account. It also examines some implications of this change in perceptions on the future development of financial reporting and the prospects of attaining a long-term consensus on its basic objectives.
Promoting Adaptive Coping Skills and Subjective Well-Being through Credit-Based Leisure Education Courses

This qualitative study addresses the need for campus-based programming that allows students to practice adaptive coping skills and increase well-being. Eight focus groups and seven individual interviews were conducted with students participating in credit-based leisure education courses to understand self-reported health-related motivations and outcomes. Findings suggested students experienced five psychological mechanisms supporting well-being: autonomy, detachment, mastery, meaning, and affiliation. Programmatic and instructional-based insights for student affairs professionals in health, counseling, and recreation are provided.
Corrosion current level estimation of rust samples using inverse dielectric spectroscopy

Dielectric spectroscopy is a standard technique used for characterizing the energy storage and dissipation properties of dielectrics and has been applied for a wide range of fields in science and engineering. In civil engineering, dielectric properties of construction materials can be used for quality assurance (e.g., mechanical strength) and structural health monitoring (e.g., corrosion detection). In the corrosion detection problem of reinforced concrete structures, level of corrosion current is crucial to the accurate estimation of corrosion level (amount of rust) and is typically challenging to measure without destructively damaging the integrity of concrete. In this paper, a new technique based on inverse dielectric spectroscopy is proposed to estimate the current level in artificial corrosion. To achieve the goal, artificially accelerated corrosion products (rust samples) were developed. In artificially accelerated corrosion experiment, three externally supplied corrosion current levels (0.25 A, 0.50 A, and 0.75 A) were applied to steel specimens inside a corrosion reactor, and the rust samples were collected for dielectric spectroscopy measurement (dielectric constant and loss factor) in the microwave frequency range of 0.5 ∼ 4.5 GHz using a dielectric coaxial probe (Agilent 85070E) and a network analyzer (Agilent E5071C). An inverse dielectric spectroscopy model incorporating loss factor, measurement frequency and corrosion current level was developed from the artificially corroded rust samples. From our experimental result, it is found that i) the higher the corrosion current level, the lower the dielectric constant and loss factor of artificial rust in the measured frequency range; and ii) corrosion current level inside artificial rust can be estimated by using an inverse dielectric spectroscopy model
Beware Cold Agglutinins in Organ Donors! Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion From an Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory-Determination-of-Death Donor With a Cold Agglutinin: A Case Report

Abstract Background We began to recover lungs from uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death to assess for transplant suitability by means of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) and computerized tomographic (CT) scan. Our first case had a cold agglutinin with an interesting outcome. Case report A 60-year-old man collapsed at home and was pronounced dead by Emergency Medical Services personnel. Next-of-kin consented to lung retrieval, and the decedent was ventilated and transported. Lungs were flushed with cold Perfadex, removed, and stored cold. The lungs did not flush well. Medical history revealed a recent hemolytic anemia and a known cold agglutinin. Warm nonventilated ischemia time was 51 minutes. O 2 -ventilated ischemia time was 141 minutes. Total cold ischemia time was 6.5 hours. At cannulation for EVLP, established clots were retrieved from both pulmonary arteries. At initiation of EVLP with Steen solution, tiny red aggregates were observed initially. With warming, the aggregates disappeared and the perfusate became red. After 1 hour, EVLP was stopped because of florid pulmonary edema. The lungs were cooled to 20°C; tiny red aggregates formed again in the perfusate. Ex vivo CT scan showed areas of pulmonary edema and a pyramidal right middle lobe opacity. Dissection showed multiple pulmonary emboli—the likely cause of death. However, histology showed agglutinated red blood cells in the microvasculature in pre- and post-EVLP biopsies, which may have contributed to inadequate parenchymal preservation. Conclusions Organ donors with cold agglutinins may not be suitable owing to the impact of hypothermic preservation.
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Cellular Pathways Affected by the Stilbenoid Lead Drug SK-03-92 Using a Microarray

The mechanism of action for a new lead stilbene compound coded SK-03-92 with bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is unknown. To gain insight into the killing process, transcriptional profiling was performed on SK-03-92 treated vs. untreated S. aureus. Fourteen genes were upregulated and 38 genes downregulated by SK-03-92 treatment. Genes involved in sortase A production, protein metabolism, and transcriptional regulation were upregulated, whereas genes encoding transporters, purine synthesis proteins, and a putative two-component system (SACOL2360 (MW2284) and SACOL2361 (MW2285)) were downregulated by SK-03-92 treatment. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses validated upregulation of srtA and tdk as well as downregulation of the MW2284/MW2285 and purine biosynthesis genes in the drug-treated population. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of MW2284 and MW2285 mutants compared to wild-type cells demonstrated that the srtA gene was upregulated by both putative two-component regulatory gene mutants compared to the wild-type strain. Using a transcription profiling technique, we have identified several cellular pathways regulated by SK-03-92 treatment, including a putative two-component system that may regulate srtA and other genes that could be tied to the SK-03-92 mechanism of action, biofilm formation, and drug persisters.
Proteomics Defines Protein Interaction Network of Signaling Pathways

Protein interactions play fundamental roles in signaling transduction. Analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) has contributed numerous insights to the understanding of the regulation of signal pathways. Different approaches have been used to discover PPI and characterize protein complexes. In addition to conventional PPI methods, such as yeast two-hybrid (YTH), affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) is emerging as an important and popular tool to unravel protein complex and elucidate protein function through the interaction partners. With the AP-MS method, protein complexes are prepared first by affinity purification directly from cell lysates, followed by characterization of their components by mass spectrometry. In contrast to most PPI methods, AP-MS reflects PPI under near physiological conditions in the relevant organism and cell type. AP-MS is also able to probe dynamic PPI dependent on protein posttranslational modifications, which is common for signal transduction. AP-MS mapping protein interaction network of various signal pathways has dramatically increased in recent years. Here, I’ll present the strategies toward obtaining an interactome map of signal pathway and the methodology, detailed protocols, and perspectives of AP-MS.
Institutionalism and Value Theory: An Identity Crisis?

The literature in institutional economics in recent years reveals considerable, and apparently increasing, theoretical turmoil or contentiousness, along with perhaps a greater than usual lack of cohesion. Some of this could well be ascribed to confusion resulting from the exponential growth of knowledge and information and the rapidity and momentousness of social change as the twentieth century draws to a close. Whatever its cause, it seems warranted to continue to explore the philosophy of institutional thinking and how various currents of thought relate to it.
Abstract #3890: The role of CXCR4 in the switch from E-cadherin to cadherin 11 during epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast carcinoma cells

Chemokines activate a family of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors known as chemokine receptors to promote mitosis, survival and angiogenesis. The CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) is the receptor for the chemokine ligand CXCL12 or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Studies have demonstrated that aberrant expression of CXCR4 in metastatic breast cancer results in invasion of tumor cells into the extracellular matrix and subsequent entry into the circulatory system. To understand the mechanisms involved in CXCR4 related metastasis during breast carcinoma, our lab previously generated a constitutively active CXCR4 mutant receptor that is missing a portion of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CXCR4-\#916;CTD) and expressed this mutant receptor or wild-type CXCR4 in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. We demonstrated that expression of CXCR4-\#916;CTD but not wild type CXCR4 in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells results in down regulation of E-cadherin and cell contacts, and enhanced motility and proliferation. During cancer progression there is a down regulation of E-cadherin and an up regulation of mesenchymal cadherins such as N-cadherin or cadherin 11 leading to an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and a loss of epithelial characteristics and a migratory phenotype. Several proteins involved in the down regulation of E-cadherin are transcription factors Snail, SIP-1, and Twist. Microarray data from our previous studies demonstrated an up regulation in genes responsible for the EMT phenotype such as vimentin and Snail in MCF-7 cells expressing CXCR4-\#916;CTD but not wild-type CXCR4. Our unpublished studies described here utilize immunofluorescence and western blot analysis to demonstrate increased expression and nuclear localization of Snail, SIP1, and Twist in CXCR4-\#916;CTD MCF-7 cells as compared to wild-type CXCR4 cells. Utilizing western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, we show that the mesenchymal cadherin, cadherin 11, but not N-cadherin, is upregulated in both CXCR4-\#916;CTD and CXCR4 wild-type cells. To understand the up regulation of cadherin 11 in both cell lines, we sought to determine if the binding partners of E-cadherin such as \#914;-catenin and p120 change during the switch from E-cadherin to cadherin 11. We show that both \#914;-catenin and p120 are bound to E-cadherin in wild-type cells. However, in CXCR4-\#916;CTD cells, \#914;-catenin expression is lost while p120 localization is cytoplasmic and a small fraction is localized to junctions where it may interact with cadherin 11 to promote up regulation of cadherin 11, which is essential for increased cell motility and a more invasive phenotype. This work was supported by grants from the NIH (HL07751) and CA34590. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3890.
Results of the 2007 AORN Salary Survey.

ABSTRACT AORN CONDUCTED ITS FIFTH ANNUAL compensation survey for perioperative nurses in August of 2007. A MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL was used to examine how a variety of variables including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region affect nursing compensation. COMPARISONS BETWEEN 2007 and previous years' data also are presented. THE EFFECTS OF OTHER FORMS of compensation, such as on-call compensation, overtime, bonuses, and shift differentials on average base compensation rates are examined. AORN J 86 (December 2007) 944–957. © AORN, Inc, 2007.
Characteristics, motivation, and management practices of nonindustrial private forest landowners in Iowa

The affect of response order bias in telephone surveys is examined, with particular reference to two questions dealing with the respondents reasons for owning forest and the benefits received from the forest that are commonly used in forest landowner surveys. Response order bias in multiple response sets where more than one response can be chosen by respondents was analyzed. Significant response order effects were found according to analysis of chi-square values. In the majority of instances, a primacy effect was indicated; however, some recency effects were also found. An examination of phi-square values suggests that response order bias had a substantively important effect on responses. The most likely cause of the observed effects is attributed to respondent fatigue to a long list of responses rather than a function of the respondents ability to remember long lists of items or the favorable influence of an item being placed earlier in the list.
Current opinion neurology: visual pathway biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of review The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is increasing. Premortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is now possible but require invasive and expensive testing such as PET amyloid beta binding and/or spinal fluid amyloid beta levels. There is a great need for minimally invasive and inexpensive biomarkers to allow for early diagnosis and intervention. Recent findings There has been a large volume of literature assessing ocular biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Much of the research to date has significant limitations, including sample size, variable diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease, lack of biomarker assessment, and focus on patients with well established dementia. Work that is more recent has included individuals with early and preclinical Alzheimer's disease with biomarkers included in the design. These studies have shown consistent features of visual pathway involvement in Alzheimer's disease, even in the earliest and preclinical stages. Summary It is possible that in the future, ocular biomarkers (particularly retinal imaging techniques) may be part of a multimodality alogorithm screening for preclinical Alzheimer's disease, perhaps combined with other methods, such as blood-based biomarkers.
Gain-Scanning for Protein Microarray Assays

Protein microarrays consist of known proteins spotted onto solid substrates and are used to perform highly multivariate assessments of protein-binding interactions. Human protein arrays are routinely applied to pathogen detection, immune response biomarker profiling, and antibody specificity profiling. Here, we describe and demonstrate a new data processing procedure, gain-scan, in which data were acquired under multiple photomultiplier tube (PMT) settings, followed by data fitting with a power function model to estimate the incident light signals of the array spots. Data acquisition under multiple PMT settings solves the difficulty of determining the single optimal PMT gain setting and allows us to maximize the detection of low-intensity signals while avoiding the saturation of high-intensity ones at the same time. The gain-scan data acquisition and fitting also significantly lower the variances over the detectable range of signals and improve the linear data normalization. The performance of the propose...
OUTCOMES OF INTRAVESICAL BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN IN A MULTIRACIAL COHORT WITH NON-MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER.

AbstractIntroduction:We sought to determine if outcomes of bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer vary by race.Methods:A retrospective chart review was ...
Controlled delivery of a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, SHP099, using cyclodextrin-mediated host–guest interactions in polyelectrolyte multilayer films for cancer therapy

The Src homology 2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) is a key enzyme in pathways regulating tumor growth signaling, and recently gained interest as a promising anticancer drug target. Many SHP2 inhibitors are currently under development, including SHP099, which has shown potent anticancer activity at low concentrations in vivo. In this work, we developed multilayer coatings for localized delivery of SHP099 to improve upon current cancer therapies. Layer-by-layer self-assembly was used to develop films composed of chitosan and poly-carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (PβCD) for the delivery of SHP099. SHP099 was successfully loaded into multilayer films via host–guest interactions with PβCD. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the occurrence of this supramolecular assembly by identifying the interaction of specific terminal SHP099 protons with the protons of the CD. SHP099 release from assembled films was detected over 96 hours, and was found to inhibit colony formation of human breast adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. These multilayer films have the potential to be used in a range of anticancer applications and overcome common complications of systemic chemotherapeutic administration, while maximizing SHP099 efficacy.
Cystoscopically Placed Pancreatic Duct Stent for Management of Bladder-Drained Pancreas Transplant with Pancreatic Duct Leak.

Background: Historically, exocrine pancreas secretions during pancreas transplant were commonly managed by bladder drainage. Although this technique has fallen out of favor because of significant r...
An Artistic Virtue? Student Perceptions of Humility in Music Participation:

Humility is considered to be an important social virtue, particularly in interpersonal contexts. Given the highly social nature of music participation, researchers have begun exploring the potentia...
Inflammatory leptomeningeal cytokines mediate delayed COVID-19 encephalopathy

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a wide spectrum of neurologic dysfunction. Here we show that a particularly vulnerable population with neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 harbor an influx of inflammatory cytokines within the cerebrospinal fluid in the absence of viral neuro-invasion. The majority of these inflammatory mediators are driven by type 2 interferon and are known to induce neuronal injury in other disease models. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-10 within the spinal fluid correlate with the degree of neurologic dysfunction. Furthermore, this neuroinflammatory process persists weeks following convalescence from the acute respiratory infection. These prolonged neurologic sequelae following a systemic cytokine release syndrome lead to long-term neurocognitive dysfunction with a wide range of phenotypes.
Money in an Interconnected World

In this chapter, after showing how interconnected the world is, I talk about the role that money plays in international trade. I talk about the determinants of trade patterns among countries and how exchange rates are determined. I show how actions of a foreign central bank affect the domestic economy, and vice versa. I end the chapter by talking about common currency areas and the European Monetary Union.
Multiple priors and comparative ignorance

Abstract Fox and Tversky (1995) observe comparative ignorance: people are more ambiguity averse when they evaluate ambiguous and clear prospects jointly rather than in isolation. To accommodate such patterns, I relax the multiple priors model and allow subjective sets of priors to depend on partitions that are generated by feasible prospects. All sets of priors are derived uniquely on the corresponding partitions. This model violates transitivity, but preserves all other axioms of Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989) . A parsimonious special case identifies a threshold partition π such that all π-measurable prospects are ranked via a set of priors P, but all other comparisons rely on a distinct set P ⁎ . Another refinement derives partition-dependent probabilistic beliefs without imposing ambiguity aversion.
Philips’ PIRAMID System

Philips’ PIRAMID system is an integrated environment that uses IMEC’s CATHEDRAL-II system as a synthesis engine, along with a floorplanner and a module generator (grapMG). See also IMEC’s CATHEDRAL-II System.
To Discharge or Not to Discharge: Tachycardia in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Background: Tachycardia in the emergency department (ED) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adults. Tachycardia is also common in the pediatric ED, but its association with specific outcomes is less clear. Most American hospitals have adopted electronic health records (EHR) in recent years, allowing implementation of best practice alerts (BPA) to enhance diagnosis and improve outcomes. In our ED’s EHR, there is a BPA for abnormal vital signs, including tachycardia, upon placement of a discharge order. Purpose: To investigate the effect of the BPA for discharge tachycardia on clinical decision making, …
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Assessment of Computing for Elementary Students (ACES)

As reliance on technology increases in practically every aspect of life, all students deserve the opportunity to learn to think computationally from early in their educational experience. To support the kinds of computer science curriculum and instruction that makes this possible, there is an urgent need to develop and validate computational thinking (CT) assessments for elementary-aged students. We developed the Assessment of Computing for Elementary Students (ACES) to measure the CT concepts of loops and sequences for students in grades 3-5. The ACES includes block-based coding questions as well as non-programming, Bebras-style questions. We conducted cognitive interviews to understand student perspectives while taking the ACES. We piloted the assessment with 57 4th grade students who had completed a CT curriculum. Preliminary analyses indicate acceptable reliability and appropriate difficulty and discrimination among assessment items. The significance of this paper is to present a new CT measure for upper elementary students and to share its intentional development process.
Abstract P814: Complex Movement Representations of Mouse Motor Cortex After Experimental Stroke

Stroke injury and incomplete long-term stroke recovery remain key health issues in the United States and world-wide. We seek to help identify cellular dysfunction of the motor cortex after stroke, ...
Breaking bad news in the oncologic population: Residents' perspective.

e24113Background: Delivering bad news to patients is a delicate but required skill for doctors as part of patient care. There has been evidence that good communication from health care providers ca...
Curves of geodesic centers and Poncelet ellipses

Abstract In this paper, we consider smooth, closed, strictly convex curves contained inside the unit circle T and their associated curves of geodesic centers (or dual curves). We obtain a formula for the boundary and envelope of the union of the region bounded by the geodesic circles associated with our curves. This description includes a formula for the boundary of the hyperbolic convex hull of points identified by finite Blaschke products. We describe a setting and conditions under which one can produce an infinite chain of ellipses such that each ellipse is inscribed in a convex polygon that is itself inscribed in another polygon (a chain of Poncelet ellipses). We apply these results to operators that are compressions of the shift operator on model spaces and describe necessary and sufficient conditions for the numerical range to contain 0.
German and US Borderlands: Recognition Theory and the Copenhagen School in the Era of Hybrid Identities

This chapter explores securitization and recognition theories as lenses into conflict, emerging from specific migration practices. In current critical scholarship, these practices are, for the main part, interpreted as disrupting and breaking down Axel Honneth’s institutionalized recognition order. They are fundamentally undermining migrants’ self-trust, legal rights, and abilities for self-determination and autonomy. By approaching the intersection of recognition and migration—and global mobility generally—from an interdisciplinary, critical, post-structural security studies perspective, this chapter makes two contributions to existing scholarship: First, it highlights the linkages between misrecognition and the logic of subjective intentionality of security, also understood as the securitization of subjectivity through negative securitization logic; and second, it draws attention to a normative opening—an inclusive, positive securitization, which moves misrecognition injuries as emancipation toward a more advanced, more complete, social and moral progress. By utilizing two similarly constructed “crises” environments—the migration discourse in Germany and the USA—this chapter takes its epistemological point of departure from both countries’ containment and deterrence migration policies and practices. Specifically, it interprets the US Remain-in-Mexico and Germany’s ANKER Center policies as liberal dispositifs of security. The struggle for recognition is a struggle of becoming “a self.” If the processes and lived experiences of becoming a self are disrupted, we speak of misrecognition. Instead of facilitating trust, respect, and esteem through undifferentiated rights, agency, and positive security for migrants, German and US migration practices violate the two countries’ own liberal and moral aspirations of universal rights, justice, social and moral progress. A way out of the negative security and misrecognition logic can be achieved through emancipation. The proposed interdisciplinary recognition and securitization lens, including the concept of thick recognition, provides an opening toward alternative approaches. It is an approach toward positive securitization as the maintenance of just, core values lived and realized through diversity, self-determined, and multi- and transcultural agency. This chapter evaluates these claims of a new normative opening increasingly asserted by a twenty-first-century, progressive era of transcultural, hybrid identities.
Chapter 5 Non-spatial tree models for the assessment of competitive market structure: An integrated review of the marketing and psychometric literature

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the first attempt in marketing to assemble the vast literature dealing with a variety of non-spatial tree models for the assessment of competitive market structure. The chapter also presents taxonomy of the non-spatial approaches using two major dimensions, namely data and model characteristics. The data characteristics include: type of data (behavioral or judgmental), level of aggregation (individual, segment, or market), and measure of competition relation (perceptions, switching, or preference/choice). The model characteristics include representation (hierarchical/ultrametric, additive, networks, or latent class), type of analysis (confirmatory or exploratory), ability to accommodate marketing-mix effects, various modes of analysis, and error specifications. The chapter analyzes the brand-switching data on eight brands of soft drinks collected by Bass, Pessemier & Lehmann using various methodologies for assessment of non-spatial tree-type competitive market structure and discussed insights provided by various methods and their limitations. The chapter also discusses stochastic tree models.
Computational Transport Phenomena: Numerical Methods for the Solution of Transport Problems

Computational techniques have become indispensable tools in solving complex problems in transport phenomena. This book, first published in 1997, provides a clear, user-oriented introduction to the subject. Each self-contained chapter includes a detailed worked example and a discussion of the problem system equations. Also included are the numerical methods used; computer code for the solution of the problem system equations; discussion of the numerical solution with emphasis on physical interpretation; and when appropriate, a comparison of the numerical solution with an analytical solution or a discussion of how the numerical solution goes beyond what can be done analytically, especially for nonlinear problems. Intended for students and a broad range of scientists and engineers, the book includes computer code written in transportable Fortran so that readers can produce the numerical solutions and then extend them to other cases. The programs are also available on the author's web site at http://www.lehigh.edu/~wes1/wes1.html.
Ionizing radiation alters localization and phosphorylation of caveolin-1 in glioblastoma cells and blood-brain barrier endothelium.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 3126 Radiation is the primary treatment modality for glioblastomas, but the therapeutic benefit of ionizing radiation is limited by the ability of normal brain tissue to tolerate this treatment. This is due, in part, because radiation alters the structure and function of microvascular networks, and, in part, because of the radioresistant character of astrocytomas. Although intact cerebral microvasculature lacks caveolae, caveolin-1, the principle structural and functional component of caveolae, is detected predominantly in association with endothelia throughout the adult brain. Furthermore, ionizing radiation induces the upregulation of caveolae in cerebral microvessels and increases blood-brain barrier permeability. This evidence suggests that blood-brain barrier permeability induced by ionizing radiation may be mediated through cellular signaling pathways that involve caveolin-1. It has been established that caveolin-1 expression levels are altered in glioblastoma cells compared to non-transformed astrocytes, suggesting that caveolin-1 may participate in signaling that contributes to a transformed phenotype. Therefore, we hypothesized that ionizing radiation may affect caveolin-1 function within blood-brain barrier endothelium and glioblastoma cells. C3H mice at 6 weeks of age received 6 Gy of whole brain irradiation and were sacrificed at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days after treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of fixed, frozen brain sections using an antibody to caveolin-1 revealed alterations in the distribution of the protein at 24 and 48 hours post-irradiation, with a return to the distribution characteristic of unirradiated brain by 7 days after treatment. U251 glioblastoma cells were exposed to 2-20 Gy of ionizing radiation and collected at 6, 24, or 48 hours following irradiation. The cells were processed for immunocytochemistry and immunoblot analysis using antibodies to caveolin-1 and Tyr-14 phosphorylated caveolin-1. Although there was no demonstrated change in the total levels of caveolin-1 protein after irradiation, the expression of phosphorylated caveolin-1 was altered in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Microarray analyses using total RNA from unirradiated and irradiated mouse brain microvessels are underway. Taken together, these data suggest that caveolin-1 alters its protein-protein interactions with increased blood-brain barrier permeability in response to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, caveolin-1 may be a potential mediator of radiation-induced signaling in glioblastoma.
Re‐examining mimetic isomorphism: Similarity in mergers and acquisitions in the financial service industry

Purpose – In this study the aim is to analyze multiple decisions in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) strategy to verify whether isomorphism appears in these decisions when a firm imitates others and to determine under what conditions the link between imitation and the degree of similarity in M&As is weakened.Design/methodology/approach – With a sample of 4,881 completed M&As in the financial service industry, the authors adopt the generalized multivariate regression model to test the hypothesized effects of the independent variables on the degree of similarity in M&As.Findings – Support is found for the mimetic isomorphism argument. Furthermore, firm experience and local market segmentation weaken the positive relationship between imitation and the degree of similarity in M&As.Originality/value – This study enhances the understanding of mimetic isomorphism by not only verifying the relationship between imitation and isomorphism, but also integrating the role of organizational active agency (firm experience...
Help for physicians contemplating use of e-mail with patients.

When physicians are asked whether they would communicate electronically with their patients, they often ask what range of topics would be discussed. In this issue of JAMIA , White et al. from the University of Michigan1 begin to answer this question through a carefully done content analysis of e-mail messages sent from patients to their physicians. Three-fourths of physicians do not use e-mail or other forms of electronic messaging with their patients,2 and only about 5% do so regularly, even though patients, when asked, indicate that they would like to use e-mail with their physicians. Physicians express concerns about time requirements, reimbursement, security, liability, and, although not explicitly discussed in surveys, something I call “fear of the unknown.” Studies have been done or are ongoing that look at workflow and reimbursement. Security is not easily studied—physicians must learn that it is most prudent to use secure messaging when practical.3 The biggest threats to security are low-tech ones: failure to log off or use a screen saver, misaddressing e-mail messages, sharing e-mail accounts, and using employer-owned e-mail systems. Liability issues remain to be studied. Although there is no case law regarding e-mail use in patient care, it is reasonable to assume that eventually a patient will sue a physician for something stated in an …
The works of GLI and the power of hedgehog.

GLI proteins control cell fate, growth and patterning. In unstimulated cells, several mechanisms ensure the active repression of GLI target genes. Hedgehog signalling switches on a sensitive activation programme through coordinate effects on GLI proteins, resulting in nuclear accumulation of transcriptionally active GLI forms.
Cryptochrome 1 regulates the circadian clock through dynamic interactions with the BMAL1 C terminus

The molecular circadian clock in mammals is generated from transcriptional activation by the bHLH-PAS transcription factor CLOCK-BMAL1 and subsequent repression by PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY). The mechanism by which CRYs repress CLOCK-BMAL1 to close the negative feedback loop and generate 24-h timing is not known. Here we show that, in mouse fibroblasts, CRY1 competes for binding with coactivators to the intrinsically unstructured C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of BMAL1 to establish a functional switch between activation and repression of CLOCK-BMAL1. TAD mutations that alter affinities for co-regulators affect the balance of repression and activation to consequently change the intrinsic circadian period or eliminate cycling altogether. Our results suggest that CRY1 fulfills its role as an essential circadian repressor by sequestering the TAD from coactivators, and they highlight regulation of the BMAL1 TAD as a critical mechanism for establishing circadian timing.
Quantifying Prediction Fidelity in Ocean Circulation Models

Abstract : The long-term goal is the development, validation and application of robust uncertainty quantification methods to ocean modeling, forecasting, and parameter estimation. This project explores the use of Polynomial Chaos (PC) expansions for improving our understanding of uncertainties in Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCM). Given adequate initial and boundary conditions, most OGCMs can be used to forecast the evolution of the oceanic state consistent with known physical laws. Reliable ocean forecasts, however, require an objective, practical and accurate methodology to assess the inherent uncertainties associated with the model and data used to produce these forecasts. OGCMs uncertainties stem from several sources that include: physical approximation of the equations of oceanic motion; discretization and modeling errors; an incomplete set of sparse (and often noisy) observations to constrain the initial and boundary conditions of the model; and uncertainties in surface momentum and buoyancy fluxes. Our objective is the development of an uncertainty quantification methodology that is efficient in representing the solution s dependence on the stochastic data, that is robust even when the solution depends discontinuously on the stochastic inputs, that can handle non-linear processes, that propagates the full probability density functions without apriori assumption of Gaussianity, and that can be applied adaptively to probe regions of steep variations and/or bifurcation in a high-dimensional parametric space. In addition we are interested in developing utilities for decision support analysis; specifically, we plan to demonstrate how PC representations can be used effectively to determine the non-linear sensitivity of the solution to particular components of the random data, identify dominant contributors to solution uncertainty, as well as guide and prioritize the gathering of additional data through experiments or field observations.
Resource-controlled MAC-layer congestion control scheme in cellular packet network

In this paper, unlike the current end-to-end congestion control mechanism such as TCP that only reduces its traffic in the presence of congestion, we propose a new wireless congestion control framework, in which a mobile station's MAC-layer tries to increase its available wireless bandwidth in the presence of incipient congestion when available bandwidth can he increased without affecting other flows in a cell. In our framework, wireless congestion is classified into channel congestion, queue congestion, and global congestion. In order to control congestion in a timely manner, the mobile station's MAC-layer decides whether available bandwidth should be increased or incoming traffic should be reduced based on the congestion type. In addition, thanks to the MAC-layer's ability to better observe the wireless channel condition, the wireless congestion, which is considered more important than the wired congestion due to its limited bandwidth, can be better handled when the path of a mobile station's connection spans wired network.
Promoting Inclusion with Occupational Therapy: A Coteaching Model

This study describes an initiative to promote inclusion in kindergartens in a local school system. Inclusion of children with disabilities with their typical peers in educational settings is a majo...
Endocannabinoid Catabolic Enzymes Play Differential Roles in Thermal Homeostasis in Response to Environmental or Immune Challenge

Cannabinoid receptor agonists, such as Δ9-THC, the primary active constituent of Cannabis sativa, have anti-pyrogenic effects in a variety of assays. Recently, attention has turned to the endogenous cannabinoid system and how endocannabinoids, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide, regulate multiple homeostatic processes, including thermoregulation. Inhibiting endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) or fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), elevates levels of 2-AG or anandamide in vivo, respectively. The purpose of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes function to maintain thermal homeostasis in response to hypothermic challenge. In separate experiments, male C57BL/6J mice were administered a MAGL or FAAH inhibitor, and then challenged with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/kg ip) or a cold (4 °C) ambient environment. Systemic LPS administration caused a significant decrease in core body temperature after 6 h, and this hypothermia persisted for at least 12 h. Similarly, cold environment induced mild hypothermia that resolved within 30 min. JZL184 exacerbated hypothermia induced by either LPS or cold challenge, both of which effects were blocked by rimonabant, but not SR144528, indicating a CB1 cannabinoid receptor mechanism of action. In contrast, the FAAH inhibitor, PF-3845, had no effect on either LPS-induced or cold-induced hypothermia. These data indicate that unlike direct acting cannabinoid receptor agonists, which elicit profound hypothermic responses on their own, neither MAGL nor FAAH inhibitors affect normal body temperature. However, these endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes play distinct roles in thermoregulation following hypothermic challenges.