cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of bile acid receptors in the regulation of cardiovascular diseases

Abstract Bile acid receptors regulate lipid homeostasis, carbohydrate homeostasis, drug metabolism, energy consumption and inflammatory responses in response to bile acids and drugs. Cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are major complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia and aging. Cardiovascular complications have a risk of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Bile acid modulators including agonists and antagonists are effective at treating cardiovascular diseases and improving outcomes. In this chapter, we summarize basic bile acid receptor signaling and functions, and effects of bile acid receptor modulations in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of trauma in childhood and adulthood on eating-disorder symptoms.

Abstract Exposure to a traumatic event is concurrently and prospectively associated with disordered-eating behaviors such as binge eating, restricting, and purging. Specifically, purging has been found to be elevated in individuals with trauma histories, suggesting that purging may be a method for coping with trauma-related distress. However, there has been limited research investigating whether the time at which trauma occurs during development is differentially associated with disordered-eating behaviors and internalizing psychopathology. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of trauma that occurred in childhood, adulthood, or childhood and adulthood on eating disorder (ED) and internalizing psychopathology. Participants were community-recruited adults with a current DSM-5 ED (N = 225) and were subsequently grouped into categories based on the time at which trauma occurred. Groups included: no trauma exposure ED controls (n = 54), child trauma group (n = 53), adult trauma group (n = 53), and child+adult trauma group (n = 65). We compared groups on their level of disordered-eating symptoms. Participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI), and the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II (IDAS-II). Univariate analyses revealed significantly higher levels of purging symptomatology in the child+adult trauma group compared to the no trauma, child trauma, and adult trauma groups. The current study highlights the importance of assessing the timing of trauma among individuals with EDs. In particular, our study indicates a need for further investigation to explain why individuals with ED and trauma histories engage in greater purging.
The Physician’s Response to Climate Change

The impact of climate change on patients and healthcare systems is mounting. Yet, healthcare is itself a major cause of climate change, contributing up to 10% of annual United States greenhouse gas emissions. Physicians must play a role in mission-level dialogues about the carbon footprint of their institutions. Physicians sit at the intersection of the science, medicine, and business of healthcare, and therefore are in a unique position to demand change from hospital administrators and lawmakers. We outline examples of how physicians have acted at the city, state, and national levels to protect patients from the harm of climate change.
Wearing Out the Watchdog: The Impact of SEC Case Backlog on the Formal Investigation Process

We examine a comprehensive set of investigations by SEC Division of Enforcement offices to provide evidence on the consequences of busyness on the formal investigation process. Our evidence suggests that higher office case backlog decreases the likelihood of investigation initiation. Consistent with the SEC’s commitment to its stated priorities, our results show no evidence that higher backlog affects the SEC’s ability to pursue cases with revenue recognition concerns and high insider trading. Surprisingly and inconsistent with SEC priorities, our findings indicate that busy SEC offices are less likely to pursue cases with the largest shareholder losses — likely because large-loss cases take longer to close. Backlog also appears to impact pursued investigations, leading to longer investigations, a lower AAER likelihood, and smaller SEC or DOJ penalties. Our final analyses provide modest small sample evidence that uninvestigated firms exhibit lower earnings quality and returns in future periods. Collectively, our evidence suggests that busyness impacts the investigation process, ranging from case priorities to sanctions and penalties assessed.
The Contours of Police Integrity

Chapter 1. Contours of Police Integrity Chapter 2. Ethics and the Police: Studying Police Integrity in Austria - Maximilian Edelbacher and Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich Chapter 3. Determinants of Police Officers' Reluctance or Compliance to Report: Misconduct and Corruption among Fellow Officers, the Case of Quebec - Marc Alain Chapter 4. Police Integrity in Croatia - Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich and Carl B. Klockars Chapter 5. Policing Integrity: Britain's Thin Blue Line - Louise Westmarland Chapter 6. Sustaining Police Integrity in Finland - Anne Puonti, Sami Vuorinen, Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich Chapter 7. Police Integrity in Hungary: How Are Police Able to Adapt to Transition? - Ferenc Kremer Chapter 8. Police Integrity in Japan - David T. Johnson Chapter 9. Integrity Perceptions And Investigations: The Netherlands - M. Punch, L.W.J.C. Huberts & M.E.D. Lamboo Chapter 10. Police Misconduct: the Pakistani Paradigm - Zubair Nawaz Chattha and Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich Chapter 11. The Heritage of Police Misconduct: The Case of the Polish Police - M. R. Haberfeld Chapter 12. Police Integrity in Slovenia - Milan Pagon and Branko Lobnikar Chapter 13. 'Out of Step.' Integrity and the South African Police Service - Gareth Newham Chapter 14. Homogeneity in Moral Standards in the Swedish Police Culture - Marie Torstensson-Levander and Boerje Ekenvall Chapter 15. Police Integrity in the United States of America. - Carl B. Klockars, Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich, M. R. Haberfeld Index
The Beast Within: Animals in the Middle Ages

Introduction: what is an animal? animals as property animals as food animal sexuality animals as human exemplars humans as animals conclusion: what is a human?.
Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy. A clinicopathological case study.

Abstract A 60-year-old previously healthy man died with a progressive neurologic illness, characterized by deterioration of intellect and awareness, impaired ocular motility, and, terminally, widespread myoclonic jerks. The total course was about 11 weeks. The CSF showed a progressive increase in protein content (58 to 97 mg 100 ml ), and the EEG showed diffuse slowing; laboratory investigations otherwise were unrevealing. Post-mortem examination showed extensive distinctive lesions in the thalamus and periaqueductal region bilaterally, accompanied by proliferative and inflammatory lesions in the walls of small blood vessels. These lesions were not those of subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), and could not be classified with any of the known forms of human angiopathy. An infective process of an as yet unidentified type is a possibility.
Choose Your Words Carefully: An Empirical Study of Feature Selection Metrics for Text Classification

Good feature selection is essential for text classification to make it tractable for machine learning, and to improve classification performance. This study benchmarks the performance of twelve feature selection metrics across 229 text classification problems drawn from Reuters, OHSUMED, TREC, etc. using Support Vector Machines. The results are analyzed for various objectives. For best accuracy, F-measure or recall, the findings reveal an outstanding new feature selection metric, "Bi-Normal Separation" (BNS). For precision alone, however, Information Gain (IG) was superior. A new evaluation methodology is offered that focuses on the needs of the data mining practitioner who seeks to choose one or two metrics to try that are mostly likely to have the best performance for the single dataset at hand. This analysis determined, for example, that IG and Chi-Squared have correlated failures for precision, and that IG paired with BNS is a better choice.
E2F/p107 and E2F/p130 complexes are regulated by C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

We have previously found that loss of C/EBPalpha in hepatocytes of newborn livers leads to increased proliferation, to a reduction in p21 protein levels and to an induction of S phase-specific E2F/p107 complexes. In this paper, we investigated C/EBPalpha-dependent regulation of E2F complexes in a well-characterized cell line, 3T3-L1, and in stable transformants that conditionally express C/EBPalpha. C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta proteins are induced in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation with different kinetics and potentially may regulate E2F/Rb family complexes. In pre-differentiated cells, three E2F complexes are observed: cdk2/E2F/p107, E2F/p130 and E2F4. cdk2/E2F/p107 complexes are induced in nuclear extracts of 3T3-L1 cells during mitotic expansion, but are not detectable in nuclear extracts at later stages of 3T3-L1 differentiation. The reduction in E2F/p107 complexes is associated with elevation of C/EBPalpha, but is independent of C/EBPbeta expression. Bacterially expressed, purified His-C/EBPalpha is able to disrupt E2F/p107 complexes that are observed at earlier stages of 3T3-L1 differentiation. C/EBPbeta, however, does not disrupt E2F/p107 complexes. A short C/EBPalpha peptide with homology to E2F is sufficient to bring about the disruption of E2F/p107 complexes from 3T3-L1 cells in vitro. Induction of C/EBPalpha in stable 3T3-L1 clones revealed that C/EBPalpha causes disruption of p107/E2F complexes in these cells. In contrast, E2F/p130 complexes are induced in cells expressing C/EBPalpha. Our data suggest that induction of p130/E2F complexes by C/EBPalpha occurs via up-regulation of p21, which, in turn, leads to association with and inhibition of, cdk2 kinase activity. The reduction in cdk2 kinase activity correlates with alterations of p130 phosphorylation and with induction of p130/E2F complexes in 3T3-L1 stable clones. Our data suggest two pathways of C/EBPalpha-dependent regulation of E2F/Rb family complexes: disruption of S phase-specific E2F/p107 complexes and induction of E2F/p130 complexes.
Committees and Communes: Local Politics and National Revolution in 1789

Politics became a revolutionary activity for the people of France in 1789. In a few months they learned how to formulate their interests, organize to demand changes, and mobilize to achieve their goals. This politicization was most intensive in the towns because it was there that people met most frequently to confront the constitutional and political issues posed by the bankruptcy of the crown. Many townspeople had been at least vaguely aware of the constitutional crisis since 1787, but their political education did not begin in earnest until the spring of 1789 when they participated in the many long and often agitated meetings to elect deputies and draft grievance lists for the meeting of the Estates General.
Letty M. Russell: A Feminist Liberation Approach to Educating for Justice

Abstract This article examines the Rev. Dr. Letty M. Russell's feminist liberation approach to educating for justice by reviewing the major themes in her writings. Educating for justice was rooted in Russell's life and ministry, namely, a sense of God's mission to reconcile and mend the world; partnership as sharing in God's mission to effect justice; and hospitality as a means of welcoming all to the table of fellowship and of life. Russell used an action/reflection model that is based in experience, draws on Scripture and theology, and works toward transformation. Her experience of being marginalized—as a Christian educator and then as a woman pastor in East Harlem where she learned firsthand how injustice and oppression marginalized her parishioners—developed into a concern for and solidarity with those on the margins of society. Letty Russell dedicated her life to achieving justice and celebrating the reign of God in our midst. In effect, educating for justice was at the core of Letty Russell's life a...
NO2 REACTIVE ABSORPTION SUBSTRATES IN RAT PULMONARY SURFACE LINING FLUIDS

Abstract Inhaled · NO 2 is absorbed by a free radical-dependent reaction mechanism that localizes the initial oxidative events to the extracellular space of the pulmonary surface lining layer (SLL). Because 'NO 2 per se is eliminated upon absorption, most likely the SLL-derived reaction products are critical to the genesis of · NO 2 -induced lung injury. We utilized analysis of the rate of 'NO 2 disappearance from the gas phase to determine the preferential absorption substrates within rat SLL. SLL was obtained via bronchoalveolar lavage and was used either as the cell-free composite or after constituent manipulation [ (i) dialysis, treatment with (ii) N -ethylmaleimide, (iii) ascorbate oxidase, (iv) uricase, or (v) combined ii + iii]. Specific SLL constituents were studied in pure chemical systems. Exposures were conducted under conditions where · NO 2 is the limiting reagent and disappears with first-order kinetics ([NO 2 ] o ≤ 10 ppm). Reduced glutathione and ascorbate were the principle rat SLL absorption substrates. Nonsulfhydryl amino acids and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine exhibited negligible absorption activity. Whereas uric acid and vitamins A and E displayed rapid absorption kinetics, their low SLL concentrations preclude appreciable direct interaction. Unsaturated fatty acids may account for ≤ 20% of absorption. The results suggest that water soluble, low molecular weight antioxidants are the preferential substrates driving 'NO 2 absorption. Consequently, their free radicals, produced as a consequence of 'NO 2 exposure, may participate in initiating the 'NO 2 -induced cascade, which results in epithelial injury.
Computational studies of molecular hydrogen binding affinities: the role of dispersion forces, electrostatics, and orbital interactions.

Intermolecular interactions between H2 and ligands, metals, and metal–ligand complexes determine the binding affinities of potential hydrogen storage materials (HSM), and thus their extent of potential for practical use. A brief survey of current activity on HSM is given. The key issue of binding strengths is examined from a basic perspective by surveying the distinct classes of interactions (dispersion, electrostatics, orbital interactions) in first a general way, and then in the context of calculated binding affinities for a range of model systems.
Activities of enzymes of phospholipid and fatty acid synthesis in fetal and adult rat type II pneumocytes.

Abstract Although differentiated fetal and adult type II pneumocytes are ultrastructurally similar, it is not known whether there are metabolic differences between them. We measured the activities of selected enzymes of phospholipid and fatty acid synthesis in fetal and adult rat type II cells, in late gestation fetal rat lung expiants and in intact lung from rat fetuses of comparable gestational age. The activity of 1-acylglycerophosphocholine acyltransferase was significantly greater in adult type II cells than in fetal type II cells, fetal expiants or intact fetal lung. The activity of CDPdiacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase was similar in fetal and adult type II cells, but significantly lower in expiants and intact fetal lung. There was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of alveolar epithelial cells in the cultures and tissue studied and CDPdiacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase activity. This suggests that the previously reported correlation between phosphatidylglycerol synthesis and the percentage of alveolar epithelial cells in various lung culture systems may be related to the activity of this enzyme. Phosphatidylglycerol synthesis and CDP diacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase activity may be metabolic markers of type II cells, whereas the acyltransferase activity may be an indicator of type II cell maturation.
Defining the boundaries of species specificity for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase using a quantitative in vivo assay

In eukaryotes, GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) lipid anchoring of proteins is an abundant post-translational modification. The attachment of the GPI anchor is mediated by GPI-T (GPI transamidase), a multimeric, membrane-bound enzyme located in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). Upon modification, GPI-anchored proteins enter the secretory pathway and ultimately become tethered to the cell surface by association with the plasma membrane and, in yeast, by covalent attachment to the outer glucan layer. This work demonstrates a novel in vivo assay for GPI-T. Saccharomyces cerevisiae INV (invertase), a soluble secreted protein, was converted into a substrate for GPI-T by appending the C-terminal 21 amino acid GPI-T signal sequence from the S. cerevisiae Yapsin 2 [Mkc7p (Y21)] on to the C-terminus of INV. Using a colorimetric assay and biochemical partitioning, extracellular presentation of GPI-anchored INV was shown. Two human GPI-T signal sequences were also tested and each showed diminished extracellular INV activity, consistent with lower levels of GPI anchoring and species specificity. Human/fungal chimaeric signal sequences identified a small region of five amino acids that was predominantly responsible for this species specificity.
T1ρ MRI quantification of arthroscopically confirmed cartilage degeneration

Nine asymptomatic subjects and six patients underwent T(1)rho MRI to determine whether Outerbridge grade 1 or 2 cartilage degeneration observed during arthroscopy could be detected noninvasively. MRI was performed 2-3 months postarthroscopy, using sagittal T(1)-weighted and axial and coronal T(1)rho MRI, from which spatial T(1)rho relaxation maps were calculated from segmented T(1)-weighted images. Median T(1)rho relaxation times of patients with arthroscopically documented cartilage degeneration and asymptomatic subjects were significantly different (P < 0.001), and median T(1)rho exceeded asymptomatic articular cartilage median T(1)rho by 2.5 to 9.2 ms. In eight observations of mild cartilage degeneration at arthroscopy (Outerbridge grades 1 and 2), mean compartment T(1)rho was elevated in five, but in all observations, large foci of increased T(1)rho were observed. It was determined that T(1)rho could detect some, but not all, Outerbridge grade 1 and 2 cartilage degeneration but that a larger patient population is needed to determine the sensitivity to these changes.
Characterization of double-stranded RNA from HeLa cell mitochondria.

A double-stranded RNA fraction has been isolated from HeLa cell mitochondria. Its double-stranded RNA nature was shown by its ribonuclease A and deoxyribonuclease resistance and by its sensitivity to ribonuclease A in low ionic strength buffer or following heating to 100° C and fast-cooling. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-sucrose density-gradients this RNA fraction sedimented in the form of a broad band with a median S-value of about 9: this corresponds to a molecular weight of about 0.64 × 106 daltons. The fastest sedimenting double-stranded RNA had sedimentation coefficients of 17 to 21S, which correspond to molecular weights of 4.0 to 7.4 × 106 daltons.
Acute effects of albumin infusion on blood volume and renal function in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of albumin infusion on blood volume and renal function in preterm infants with RDS and low total serum protein values. Ten infants (gestational age 28 to 36 weeks, body weight 0.88 to 2.46 kg) were given albumin 1 gm/kg (as 25% iv solution) over a ten-minute period. Within ten minutes after infusion was completed, total serum protein concentration, colloid osmotic pressure, and blood volume rose significantly while hematocrit fell from their preinfusion levels (P < 0.0005). Mean arterial blood pressure showed a smaller and less clear-cut increase (P < 0.05). Creatinine clearance rose significantly with infusion; even though preinfusion clearances correlated poorly with gestational age (r = 0.43), postinfusion clearances correlated well (r = 0.92). No significant rises in urinary flow rate Uosm/Posm, or free-water clearance were observed. These results indicate that albumin infusion acutely increases both blood volume and glomerular filtration in premature infants with RDS.
Variable Star Symbols for Seismicity Plots

Online Material: Maps of seismicity and cities; test sheet; list of earthquakes; Fortran 77 code. At least since Mallet (1858) seismicity maps have been a way of showing earthquake activity, but, because earthquake size varies greatly, it is difficult to provide an accurate representation of the spatial variation of total seismic energy or moment release. The most common approach, using for each earthquake a single geometric figure of varying size, creates substantial overlap between large symbols. To reduce overlap and provide a more distinctive gradation, I propose a family of symbols in which size and shape vary together, from polygonal to star shaped as their size increases. Two functions determine how symbol size and shape vary with value, and even a simple parametrization gives considerable flexibility in symbol design. Tests show that, given an appropriate key, the symbol value can be estimated to within better than 5% of the range covered. Symbolization in seismicity maps is challenging. Using identical symbols plotted at the epicenters (or, in a cross section, the hypocenters) shows where there are more or fewer earthquakes but not how (say) moment release is distributed. This can be done by spatially smoothing the amount of energy or moment release and contouring the result (e.g., Allen et al. , 1965), but this in turn removes fine details. Most seismicity maps use a simple geometrical figure, usually a circle or square, to symbolize for each earthquake and vary its size with the earthquake magnitude. The interior of each symbol can be filled with a color to denote depth (or, in Web displays, recency of occurrence). One problem with this approach is that one large symbol can easily cover many small ones. Some seismicity maps use two geometrical figures, one (often a scaled circle) for events less than some magnitude and another …
Fate of tritiated Didemnin B in mice: Excretion and tissue concentrations after an intraperitoneal dose

Didemnin B has undergone trials in cancer patients, and has antiviral and immunosuppressive properties. [(3)H]didemnin B was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice at 320 or 1280 microg/kg. Urine and feces were collected until 168 h, at which time the mice were killed and tissues collected. Additionally, [(3)H]didemnin B was given i.p. at 320 microg/kg, and mice were killed at 1-120 h post-dosing. Radiolabel increased rapidly in blood then rapidly declined. Most radiolabel in urine, feces and tissues represented parent compound. Concentrations of [(3)H]didemnin B were greatest in the liver > gallbladder > lower digestive tract congruent with pancreas > spleen > kidney congruent with adipose tissue congruent with urinary bladder with urine. The pancreas had the longest terminal half-life of the tissues and the highest radioactivity at 7 days. Intermediate concentrations were in the duodenum congruent with jejunum > lung > iliopsoas > stomach congruent with testes congruent with skin > heart. Low concentrations were in the humerus congruent with femur congruent with quadriceps congruent with triceps >> brain. Fecal excretion accounted for 45.9%-58.3% of the dose and declined after 24 h, followed by an increase, suggesting possible enterohepatic recycling or an impact of circadian rhythms. Urinary excretion accounted for 18.4%-25.2% of the dose, but was minimal after 24 h. The concentrations were highest in organs previously found to be sensitive in animals and humans. Didemnin B should be evaluated in animal models for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
A system biology approach for understanding the miRNA regulatory network in colon rectal cancer

In this paper we present a systems biology approach to the understanding of the miRNA-regulatory network in colon rectal cancer. An initial set of significant genes in Colon Rectal Cancer (CRC) were obtained by mining relevant literature. An initial set of cancer-related miRNAs were obtained from three databases: miRBase, miRWalk, Targetscan and GEO microarray experiment. First principle methods were then used to generate the global miRNA-gene network. Significant miRNAs and associated transcription factors in the global miRNA-gene network were identified using topological and sub-graph analyses. Eleven novel miRNAs were identified and three of the novel miRNAs, hsa-miR-630, hsa-miR-100 and hsa-miR-99a, were further analysed to elucidate their role in CRC. The proposed methodology effectively made use of literature data and was able to show novel, significant miRNA-transcription associations in CRC.
Working within systems that don't ... or at least not the way I thought they would!

Each culture has its own systems, values, structures, and rules which differ from those of other cultures. To function effectively in any culture, one has to gain an appreciation of its values and rules, an understanding of how it is organized, and knowledge of the people who are in charge of its systems. This is true, also, of clinical work with people of different cultures. This article is a personal journal which describes one speech-pathologist's encounters with ethnic and governmental cultures, what she learned, and how she grew.
Automation of ROI extraction in hyperspectral breast images

The extraction of regions-of-interest (ROIs) in hyperspectral images of breast cancer specimens is currently carried out manually or by visual inspection. In order to address the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of the manual extraction of ROIs in hyperspectral images, an algorithm is developed in this paper to automate the extraction process. This is achieved by using a contrast module and a homogeneity module to duplicate the same manual or visual steps that an expert goes through in order to extract ROIs. The success of the automated process is determined by comparing the classification rates of the automated approach with the manual approach in terms of the ability to separate cancer cases from normal cases.
SU-E-I-77: X-Ray Coherent Scatter Diffraction Pattern Modeling in GEANT4

Purpose: To model X‐ray coherent scatter diffraction patterns in GEANT4 for simulating experiments involving material detection through diffraction pattern measurement. Although coherent scatter cross‐sections are modeled accurately in GEANT4, diffraction patterns for crystalline materials are not yet included. Here we describe our modeling of crystalline diffraction patterns in GEANT4 for specific materials and the validation of the results against experimentally measured data. Methods: Coherent scatter in GEANT4 is currently based on Hubbell's non‐relativistic form factor tabulations from EPDL97. We modified the form‐factors by introducing an interference function that accounts for the angular dependence between the Rayleigh‐scattered photons and the photon wavelength. The modified form factors were used to replace the inherent form‐factors in GEANT4. The simulation was tested using monochromatic and polychromatic x‐ray beams (separately) incident on objects containing one or more elements with modified form‐factors. The simulation results were compared against the experimentally measured diffraction images of corresponding objects using an in‐house x‐ray diffraction imager for validation. The comparison was made using the following metrics: number of diffraction rings, radial distance, absolute intensity, and relative intensity. Results: Sharp diffraction pattern rings were observed in the monochromatic simulations at locations consistent with the angular dependence of the photon wavelength. In the polychromatic simulations, the diffraction patterns exhibited a radial blur consistent with the energy spread of the polychromatic spectrum. The simulated and experimentally measured patterns showed identical numbers of rings with close agreement in radial distance, absolute and relative intensities (barring statistical fluctuations). No significant change was observed in the execution time of the simulations. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the ability to model coherent scatter diffraction in GEANT4 in an accurate and efficient manner without compromising the accuracy or runtime of the simulation. This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security under grant DHS (BAA 10‐01 F075), and by the Department of Defense under award W81XWH‐09‐1‐0066.
Idiopathic Acute Renal Vein Thrombosis in a Young Healthy Woman With No Hypercoagulable State Taking Oral Contraceptives

Renal veins rarely thrombose. However, when they do, the cause is almost always obvious. The clinical circumstances underlying acute or chronic renal vein thrombosis are well defined. Interestingly, the use of oral contraceptive medications is not recognized among the risk factors for renal vein thrombosis. We report a case of spontaneous renal vein thrombosis in an otherwise healthy young woman taking an oral contraceptive. This report is intended to alert clinicians to a previously unknown and serious event associated with the use of a common medication.
On the maximum amplitude for a freely vibrating cylinder in cross-flow

The response of a freely oscillating circular cylinder (“free vibration”) in cross-flow has been studied experimentally using controlled magnetic eddy current to provide variable damping. In general, the nondimensional response amplitude, A*, and dominant frequency, ω*, depend on the Reynolds number, Re, and the nondimensional mass, m*, damping, b*, and elasticity, k*, of the system. The main objective of this study is to characterize the maximum amplitude that is achieved for a given system as cross-flow velocity is varied. We find that this maximum amplitude, A*_(max), occurs within a small range of values of k*_(eff) = ω*^2m* + k*. For values of Reynolds number in the range 525<Re<2600, we determine A*_(max)(b*, Re) for lightly to moderately damped systems. Extrapolating these results to b*=0 defines limiting values of amplitude, A*_(Lim), which depend on Reynolds number. An important point is that these results do not depend on the specific value of either m* or k*. These results show that the Reynolds number, which has generally been ignored in discussions of maximum-amplitude data, is an important parameter.
Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks By Far-Ultraviolet, Extreme-Ultraviolet and X-Ray Radiation from the Central Star

We calculate the rate of photoevaporation of a circumstellar disk by energetic radiation (far-UV (FUV), 6 eV 0.1 keV) from its central star. We focus on the effects of FUV and X-ray photons since EUV photoevaporation has been treated previously, and consider central star masses in the range 0.3-7 M ?. Contrary to the EUV photoevaporation scenario, which creates a gap at about rg ~ 7(M */M ?) AU and then erodes the outer disk from inside out, we find that FUV photoevaporation predominantly removes less bound gas from the outer disk. Heating by FUV photons can cause significant erosion of the outer disk where most of the mass is typically located. X-rays indirectly increase the mass-loss rates (by a factor of ~2) by ionizing the gas, thereby reducing the positive charge on grains and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and enhancing FUV-induced grain photoelectric heating. FUV and X-ray photons may create a gap in the disk at ~10 AU under favorable circumstances. Photoevaporation timescales for M * ~ 1 M ? stars are estimated to be ~106 years, after the onset of disk irradiation by FUV and X-rays. Disk lifetimes do not vary much for stellar masses in the range 0.3-3 M ?. More massive stars (7 M ?) lose their disks rapidly (in ~105 years) due to their high EUV and FUV fields. Disk lifetimes are shorter for shallow surface density distributions and when the dust opacity in the disk is reduced by processes such as grain growth or settling. The latter suggests that the photoevaporation process may accelerate as the dust disk evolves.
Metabolic regulation of rice alpha-amylase and sucrose synthase genes in planta.

Summary Isolated rice embryos were used to investigate the regulatory effects of endosperm extracts and pure sugars on the expression of α-amylase gene RAmy3D and a sucrose synthase gene homologous to the maize isozyme Ss2. The high-level expression of RAmy3D in the scutella of isolated embryos could be inhibited by a variety of sugars as well as endosperm extracts from germinated rice grains. Glucose, at a concentration of 250 mM, was most effective in repressing RAmy3D mRNA accumulation. Furthermore, this repression was reversible. Interestingly, RAmy3D repression was always accompanied by the induction of sucrose synthase gene expression. These results support a model in which the expression of α-amylase and sucrose synthase genes in the rice scutellum are counter-regulated by the influx of sugars from the endosperm.
C-reactive protein across the menstrual cycle.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used, sensitive biomarker of inflammation. Studies con- ducted among users of exogenous hormones suggest that estrogen increases CRP, whereas progesterone decreases CRP. Examinations of CRP in normally cy- cling women suggest the opposite: CRP is negatively associated with endogenous estrogen and positively associated with endogenous progesterone. This work evaluates the association between menstrual cycle- related hormone changes and events (menstruation and ovulation) and CRP. Eight female subjects gave urine and blood samples from twelve days across the men- strual cycle, for a total of eleven cycles. Blood samples were assayed for CRP; urine samples for b-follicle stim- ulating hormone (bFSH), pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (PDG), and estrone glucuronide (E1G). Ovulation day was estimated using hormone levels. Presence or ab- sence of menses was reported by subjects. Analyses were conducted with random-effects linear regression. All cycles were ovulatory; day of ovulation was identi- fied for nine cycles. A ten-fold increase in progesterone was associated with a 23% increase in CRP (P 5 0.01), a ten-fold increase in estrogen was associated with a 29% decrease in CRP (P 5 0.05), and menses was asso- ciated with a 17% increase in CRP (P 5 0.18); no asso- ciation between ovulation or FSH and CRP was found. Hormone changes across the menstrual cycle should be controlled for in future studies of inflammation in reproductive-age women. Am J Phys Anthropol 136: 138-146, 2008. V C 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modelling and experiment of impingement and atomization of a liquid spray on a wall

AbstractAn experimental and computational investigation of spray impingement on a flat surface is presented. Different angles of incidence are studied, namely 30, 45 and 60°C measured from the norm...
GI polyposis and glycogenic acanthosis of the esophagus associated with PTEN mutation positive Cowden syndrome in the absence of cutaneous manifestations

A 62-yr-old man was referred for management of GI polyposis. Large bowel polyps were initially diagnosed >25 yr ago, and the patient had undergone multiple colonoscopies and polypectomies. Personal and family history were notable for thyroid goiter and hypothyroidism. Physical examination was notable for lingular papillomatosis. No cutaneous lesions were seen. Upper endoscopy revealed esophageal glycogen acanthosis. There were multiple polyps throughout the stomach and the small and large intestines. Histology of these polyps showed multiple cell types including juvenile polyps, inflammatory polyps with fibromuscular proliferation and lamina propria ganglion cells, and focal adenomatous change. A clinical diagnosis of Cowden syndrome was made. Mutation analysis revealed a variant in exon 8 of the PTEN gene. Direct sequencing revealed a germline heterozygous C.892-895InsA, which is predicted to result in a truncated PTEN protein. Cowden syndrome is an underdiagnosed, underrecognized, autosomal dominant, inherited syndrome. For the gastroenterologist, esophageal acanthosis and multiple hamartomatous polyps should suggest the diagnosis. Sensitive molecular diagnostic tests looking for mutations in the appropriate genes are clinically available. Together with genetic counseling, molecular diagnostic testing will allow more accurate risk assessment and surveillance for cancer for both the patient and family members.
CS++: expanding CS curriculum via open cybersecurity courseware

In this paper, we described an ongoing project called CS++ that aims to expanding a CS curriculum in cybersecurity with minimum requirement of additional resources by plugging open cybersecurity courseware in the existing curriculum. Each courseware unit covers a special topic of cybersecurity technology and can be plugged in one or multiple related CS courses; altogether, the open cybersecurity courseware delivers a comprehensive view of cybersecurity knowledge. After being plugged with the open courseware units, a typical CS curriculum is turned to a CS++ curriculum with comprehensive coverage of cybersecurity knowledge.
Temperature effects on the mechanical properties of candidate SNS target container materials after proton and neutron irradiation

Abstract This report presents the tensile properties of EC316LN austenitic stainless steel and 9Cr–2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel after 800 MeV proton and spallation neutron irradiation to doses in the range 0.54–2.53 dpa at 30–100 °C. Tensile testing was performed at room temperature (20 °C) and 164 °C. The EC316LN stainless steel maintained notable strain-hardening capability after irradiation, while the 9Cr–2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel posted negative hardening in the engineering stress–strain curves. In the EC316LN stainless steel, increasing the test temperature from 20 to 164 °C decreased the strength by 13–18% and the ductility by 8–36%. The effect of test temperature for the 9Cr–2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel was less significant than for the EC316LN stainless steel. In addition, strain-hardening behaviors were analyzed for EC316LN and 316L stainless steels. The strain-hardening rate of the 316 stainless steels was largely dependent on test temperature. A calculation using reduction of area measurements and stress–strain data predicted positive strain hardening during plastic instability.
Rapid and brief communication: Automatic detection of vibrato in monophonic music

Vibrato is one of the most common techniques in musical performances for enriching the sound. We propose a novel method that automatically detects vibrato in monophonic music. It is based on modeling the probability of vibrato existence using three vibrato parameters, i.e., the vibrato rate, extent, and intonation. Experiments using various musical instrument tones and the solo performance show the effectiveness of the method. The proposed method can be applied to music recognition such as the wav-to-midi conversion.
Review of biological diagnostic tools and their applications in geoenvironmental engineering

Biological diagnostic tools are becoming an increasingly important aspect of geoenvironmental problems. Modern geoenvironmental professionals must be able to both understand and exploit biological processes for a variety of applications, ranging from contaminant biodegradation and removal to evaluation and monitoring of environmental quality in and around landfills and landfill cover systems. Advancements in genetics and environmental measurement have yielded a wealth of sophisticated tools to evaluate biological processes in soils, sediments and groundwater. Successful use of these tools requires a keen understanding of the limitations and advantages offered by each. This paper provides an overview of the currently available biological diagnostic tools with an emphasis on their application in geoenvironmental engineering. Limitations and unresolved challenges in successful applications of these tools are also discussed.
UC: a language for the connection machine

In designing parallel languages, the concern for defining a simple virtual machine must be balanced against the need to efficiently map a program on a specific architecture. UC addresses this problem by separating the programming task from efficiency considerations. UC programs are designed using a small set of constructs that include reduction, parallel assignment and fixed-point computation. The language also provides a map section that may optionally be used by a programmer to specify data mappings for the program. This paper describes the UC constructs and their current implementation on the Connection Machine. It also presents measurements of the compiler for simple benchmarks.
Mutation-Induced Instability of Antibiotic-Resistant Mammalian Ribosomes

Emetine is an antibiotic which inhibits the activity of the 40-S subunits of eukaryotic ribosomes. A number of emetine-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster cells have been isolated. We have studied the ribosomes isolated from strains carrying either of two alleles of an emetine resistance locus, one of which leads to an alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of ribosomal protein S14. Both mutations lead to a loss of specific proteins, including S14, from 40-S subunits isolated in 0.5 M KCl, an effect which is enhanced at elevated temperature. 40-S subunits from wild-type cells retain their proteins even at substantially higher concentrations of KCl. Interestingly, the two mutant alleles lead to the loss of slightly different sets of proteins from the 40-S subunits. These results suggest that protein S14 plays an important role in the structure of the ribosome and raise the possibility that resistance to emetime is accomplished through an alteration in a complex emetine-binding site rather than in a single emetine-binding protein.
X-ray photon-in/photon-out methods for chemical imaging

Most interesting materials in nature are heterogeneous, so it is useful to have analytical techniques with spatial resolution sufficient to resolve these heterogeneities. This article presents the basics of X-ray photon-in/photon-out chemical imaging. This family of methods allows one to derive images reflecting the chemical state of a given element in a complex sample, at micron or deep sub-micron scale. X-ray chemical imaging is relatively non-destructive and element-selective, and requires minimal sample preparation. The article presents the basic concepts and some considerations of data taking and data analysis, along with some examples.
A comparison of the acute behavioral effects of triazolam and temazepam in normal volunteers.

Two experiments were conducted to assess the acute behavioral effects of triazolam and temazepam in healthy, non-drug abusing men in double-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover trials, where all subjects received all possible doses. These drugs were compared to examine allegations that triazolam produces greater behavioral impairment than temazepam. Drug effect were assessed during 4-h sessions using measures of recall, learning, psychomotor performance, and subject ratings assessing drug effects and abuse potential. In experiment 1, triazolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg/70 kg) produced greater behavioral impairment than temazepam (15 and 30 mg/70 kg). However, triazolam also produced greater increases than temazepam in subject ratings of drug strength, drunkenness and sleepiness, suggesting the dose ranges compared may not have been clinically equivalent. Experiment 2 was conducted to assess whether a higher dose of temazepam than tested in experiment 1 would produce levels of behavioral impairment comparable to those observed with triazolam in experiment 1. In experiment 2, the temazepam dose was increased to 60 mg/70 kg while the triazolam dose was 0.5 mg/70 kg which was the highest dose tested in experiment 1. These doses produced comparable increases in subject ratings of drug strength, drunkenness and sleepiness, but temazepam produced significantly more behavioral disruption than triazolam. These findingsdo not support the position that triazolam produces greater behavioral impairment than temazepam, and may even suggest that across a wide range of doses triazolam isless disruptive than temazepam.
Introduction to the discussion of the “NEEDS” workshop

Abstract The background leading up to the Karlsruhe NEEDS workshop is reviewed briefly, with reference to earlier discussions, correspondence, and lectures as an introduction to the subsequent presentations in this session of the Symposium.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Tissue Cultures and Cell Suspensions

SummaryVesicular stomatitis virus, New Jersey type, was propagated in suspensions of surviving trypsin-dispersed kidney cells of guinea pigs as well as in cultivated epithelial cells and fibrocytes. Both production methods gave nearly equal virus yields, the highest being approximately 106789 tissue culture ID50 ml. The highest virus concentration in cultures and suspensions were most frequently recorded at 24 and 72 hours following infection, respectively. Cell suspensions were increased in volume from 2 ml to 200 ml without altering the per ml virus yields. After peak virus concentrations had been reached, the rate of destruction of virus infectivity upon further incubation was significantly higher for cultures than for suspensions. Vesicular stomatitis virus was also shown to grow in suspensions of dispersed bovine kidney cells.
Realism and Idealism in International Politics

“Realism” and “idealism” are both terms which have been used in differing, sometimes opposite, senses in the history of philosophy. They must therefore be employed with great caution. Dr. John H. Herz, in his recent study of the application of these terms to politics, seeks to define the sense in which he uses them. He writes in his preface that the book was in the main finished when the last war was ended and that little which had happened since required modification of his conclusions. To the reviewer it seems that further thought on the concepts employed in a perspective more removed from the disturbing influences of the war period would have been desirable.
The HAWC observatory

Abstract The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a new very high energy water Cherenkov gamma ray telescope, now under construction at 4100 m altitude at Sierra Negra, Mexico. Due to its increased altitude, larger surface area and improved design, HAWC will be about 15 times more sensitive than its predecessor, Milagro. With its wide field of view and high duty factor, HAWC will be an excellent instrument for the studies of diffuse gamma ray emission, the high energy spectra of Galactic gamma ray sources, and transient emission from extragalactic objects such as GRBs and AGN, as well as surveying a large fraction of the VHE sky.