cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telephone company ownership of rural cable television companies

In rural communities, cable companies owned by telephone companies supply basic service at a lower price than comparable cable companies not owned by telephone companies. The lower price (approximately $1.20 per month) appears to be due to lower costs and economies of scope rather than to any anti-competitive actions or cross subsidies. In addition, the monthly price of basic service is positively related to the total number of channels contained in basic service and, in particular, to the number of major channels contained in the basic package. The evidence also suggests that customers purchase basic service to gain access to pay channels.
Limit sets of $S$-unimodal maps with zero entropy

One-dimensional mappings “at the limit of period doubling” are studied in this paper without the use of the renormalization theory of Feigenbaum and others. The principal result is that the attracting part of the nonwandering set is a Cantor set of measure zero under the additional assumption that the map has negative Schwarzian derivative.
The AGP wavefunction and its relation to other descriptions of electronic structure

The recent proof that the consistent ground state of polarization propagator in the random phase approximation (RPA) necessarily has the form of an antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP) prompts the reinvestigation of this type of wavefunction. We emphasize the importance of model Hamiltonians and the parallellism between the treatments of the electron propagator and the polarization propagator. An energy optimized (AGP) ground state for LiH is presented in a limited orbital basis.
Association between winter precipitation and water level fluctuations in the Great Lakes and atmospheric circulation patterns

Abstract Atmospheric precipitation in the Great Lakes basin, as a major mediating variable between atmospheric circulation and lake levels, is analyzed relative to both. The effect of cumulative winter precipitation on lake levels varies from lake to lake and depends on both the state of the lake level itself and air temperature. For periods with a quasi-stable temperature regime, the correlation coefficient between winter precipitation and changes in lake levels from November to spring months reaches 0.8. An analysis of composite maps of mean winter 700-mb heights and sea level pressure for the years with well-above and well-below normal precipitation in the lower Great Lakes basin (Lakes Michigan-Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario) has shown that changes in precipitation are associated with the wave train structure in the lower and midtroposphere that is similar to the Pacific/North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern. During the positive phase of the PNA-like pattern, when the upper-atmospheric ridg...
Rotational line strengths in the Lyman and Werner bands of H2

Abstract Rotational line strengths in the Lyman and Werner bands of molecular hydrogen are affected by the nonadiabatic interaction between the B and C states. Numerical results are presented for the effect of this interaction on relative rotational line strengths for V x = 0 and V B ≤ 25, V c ≤ 9. The B - C interaction is shown to have a pronounced effect for many levels. This difference in rotational line strength factors from the usual Honl-London factors should be taken into account when relating line oscillator strengths to band oscillator strengths. Relative rotational line strengths are also computed for transitions between C -state levels and excited vibrational levels in the X state. Comparison is made to the measured Werner band emission line intensities of Schmoranzer and Geiger [ J. Chem. Phys. , 59 , 6153 (1973)].
Planning as constraint satisfaction: solving the planning graph by compiling it into CSP

The idea of synthesizing bounded length plans by compiling planning problems into a combinatorial substrate, and solving the resulting encodings has become quite popular in recent years. Most work to-date has however concentrated on compilation to satisfiability (SAT) theories and integer linear programming (ILP). In this paper we will show that CSP is a better substrate for the compilation approach, compared to both SAT and ILP. We describe GP-CSP, a system that does planning by automatically converting Graphplan's planning graph into a CSP encoding and solving it using standard CSP solvers. Our comprehensive empirical evaluation of GP-CSP demonstrates that it is superior to both the Blackbox system, which compiles planning graphs into SAT encodings, and an ILP-based planner in a wide range of planning domains. Our results show that CSP encodings outperform SAT encodings in terms of both space and time requirements in various problems. The space reduction is particularly important as it makes GP-CSP less susceptible to the memory blow-up associated with SAT compilation methods. The paper also discusses various techniques in setting up the CSP encodings, planning specific improvements to CSP solvers, and strategies for variable and value selection heuristics for solving the CSP encodings of different types of planning problems. Copyright 2001. Elsevier Science B.V.
Relationships between renal cytoplasmic and nuclear aldosterone-receptors.

Relationships between renal cytoplasmic and nuclear aldosteronereceptors.Three 3 H-aldosterone receptor complexes have been recovered from rat kidneys: 1) cytosol (high speed supernatants), 2) Tris-soluble nuclear (obtained by an osmotic shock procedure), and 3) chromatin-bound (prepared by extracting post-shock nuclei with 0.4 M KCl).Glycerol density gradient analyses of cytosol labelled in vivo or in vitro with 3 H-aldosterone yielded two specific peaks -4.5S and 8.5S.These peaks were sensitive to salt concentration; 0.4 M KCl shifted the 8.5S to 4.5S and the addition of Ca ++ (6 mM) resulted in a further shift to 3.5S.The Tris-soluble nuclear species sedimented at 3S and the chromatin-bound species at 4S.The time-course of generation of the 3 H-aldosterone-labelled cytosol and nuclear receptor species was studied in vivo and in vitro by tissue slice and reconstitution methods.The results obtained are consistent with a three-step mechanism: cytosol (8.5S or 4.5S)→ Tris-soluble nuclear (3S)→ chromatin-bound (4S).Alternatively, the 3S and 4S complexes may be attached to independent nuclear sites.The formation of the chromatin-bound species was temperature sensitive and failed to form at 0°C.Pre-treatment with DNase but not RNase impaired the generation of both the Tris-soluble nuclear and chromatin-bound species.These results imply a close association between nuclear aldosterone-receptor complexes and intact DNA.
Organization of collagen fibers in the intestine.

The characteristic extinction pattern which is observed when the submucosa is viewed in the optical polarizing microscope has been analyzed in terms of the configuration and orientation of the 4 μm diameter collagen fibers. It is shown that the observed polarization effects are produced by periodic variations in orientation of fully birefringent fibers. The fiber configuration required to produce the observed polarization effects is a tilted wave configuration with a crimp period of approximately 20 μm. In the model, the tilted waveform fibers are crimped in register and form parallel arrays. The arrays are oriented in layers at approximately + 30° and -30° to the longitudinal direction and are mirror images of each other. Analysis of the extinction pattern shows that the model satisfactorily accounts for the observed polarization effects at several different angles of the crossed polaroids. The calculated strain necessary to straighten the wavy fibers of the model correlates well with the observed strain...
Compound effects of induced plant responses on insect herbivores and parasitoids: implications for tritrophic interactions

Summary 1. Induced plant responses can affect herbivores either directly, by reducing herbivore development, or indirectly, by affecting the performance of natural enemies. Both the direct and indirect impacts of induction on herbivore and parasitoid success were evaluated in a common experimental system, using clonal poplar trees Populus nigra (Salicales: Salicaceae), the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), and the gregarious parasitoid Glyptapanteles flavicoxis (Marsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). 2. Female parasitoids were attracted to leaf odours from both damaged and undamaged trees, however herbivore-damaged leaves were three times more attractive to wasps than undamaged leaves. Parasitoids were also attracted to herbivore larvae reared on foliage and to larval frass, but they were not attracted to larvae reared on artificial diet. 3. Prior gypsy moth feeding elicited a systemic plant response that retarded the growth rate, feeding, and survival of gypsy moth larvae, however induction also reduced the developmental success of the parasitoid. 4. The mean number of parasitoid progeny emerging from hosts fed foliage from induced trees was 40% less than from uninduced trees. In addition, the proportion of parasitised larvae that survived long enough to issue any parasitoids was lower on foliage from induced trees. 5. A conceptual and analytical model is provided to describe the net impacts of induced plant responses on parasitoids, and implications for tritrophic interactions and biological control of insect pests are discussed.
Inhibition of larval recruitment of ARmandia sp. (Polychaeta: Opheliidae) by established adults of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda) (Polychaeta : Spionidae) on an intertidal sand flat

Abstract Inhibition of larval settlement by a dense assemblage of established adults was examined by observing natural and experimental abundance patterns of two polychaete species on an intertidal sand flat in west Kyushu, Japan. A cage left for 43 days in the field in spring-summer brought about a remarkable increase in the within-cage density of adults of the tube-building spionid polychaete Pseudopolydorapaucibranchiata (Okuda) as compared with the density in an uncaged plot (× 52). In contrast, the densities of juveniles of the burrowing opheliid polychaete Armandia sp. showed an inverse trend (× 1 22 ). The attractiveness of the within-cage sediment for settling larvae of Armandia (cage-induced artifact) was assessed in a laboratory experiment: given an alternative choice between the sediments from the cage and the uncaged plot, Armandia larvae produced by artificial fertilization showed no substratum-preference. In another laboratory experiment, it was confirmed that Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata adults at a density of only 1 30 of that in the cage exerted a great lethal effect (probably ingestion) on Armandia larvae. These two results strongly support the hypothesis that the low density of Armandia juveniles in the cage was induced not through avoidance of the cage sediment by the larvae themselves but through inhibition of recruitment by the dense assemblage of established Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata adults in the cage. Moreover, the natural abundance pattern of Armandia juveniles in summer could partly be explained in relation to spatial and temporal changes in the density of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata adults.
Evidence for a Sex-linked Difference in Aspirin Metabolism

ASPIRIN is the most widely consumed drug on Earth. Although adverse reactions to its use are relatively rare, they are nevertheless clinically common because of the universal use of this “everyman's medicine”. These complications may present as hypersensitivity reactions such as asthma and rhinorrhoea, but most often they take the form of gastric erosions and/or ulcerations with mucosal bleeding. The relative rarity of gastric complications of aspirin ingestion suggests that they occur only in individuals who, for one reason or another, are at greater risk or in circumstances, such as the prior abuse of alcohol, which favour their development. Several studies conducted in Australia provide an important clue to the identification of a population at risk from ingestion of aspirin. In 1963 Billington1,2 reported that the incidence of chronic gastric ulcer in women began to increase after 1943 in New South Wales, something which had not occurred in Australian men. Billington theorized that the factor responsible for this change in the epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease in that part of the world was extraneous and probably behavioural. Then, Chapman and Duggan reported a significant association between gastric ulceration in young women of New South Wales and the regular use of compounds containing aspirin3,4. They found no such association with gastric ulceration in males or with duodenal ulceration in either sex. Other Australian authors have confirmed the existence of an association between chronic usage of aspirin and gastric ulceration5,6. These well controlled clinical studies suggest that women who consume ASA regularly are at a greater risk of developing gastric complications than are men.
Emotional complexity and emotional well-being in older adults: Risks of high neuroticism

Older and midlife adults tend to report greater emotional complexity and greater emotional well-being than younger adults but there is variability in these factors across the lifespan. This study determined how the personality trait of neuroticism at baseline predicts emotional complexity and emotional well-being 10 years later; a goal was to determine if neuroticism is a stronger predictor of these emotion outcomes with increasing age in adulthood. Data were obtained from two waves of the MIDUS projects (N = 1503; aged 34-84). Greater neuroticism predicted less emotional complexity as indicated by associations between positive and negative affect, particularly for older participants. Neuroticism predicted lower emotional well-being and this association was stronger for older and midlife than for younger adults. Overall, high neuroticism may be a greater liability for poor emotion outcomes for older and perhaps for midlife adults than for younger persons. Clinical and theoretical implications of this conclusion are discussed.
Root causes of intraoperative hypoglycemia: a case series

Abstract Study Objective To describe the root causes of intraoperative hypoglycemic events. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Large academic teaching hospital. Measurements Data from 80,379 ASA physical status 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 surgical patients were reviewed. Blood glucose values, insulin, oral hypoglycemic medication doses, and doses of glucose or other medications for hypoglycemia treatment were recorded. Main Results Hypoglycemia in many patients had multiple etiologies, with many cases (8 of 17) involving preventable errors. The most common root causes of hypoglycemia were ineffective communication, circulatory shock, failure to monitor, and excessive insulin administration. Conclusion Intraoperative hypoglycemia was rare, but often preventable. Better communication among providers and between providers and patients may reduce the number of intraoperative hypoglycemic events. Many transient episodes of hypoglycemia did not result in any apparent complications, rendering their clinical importance uncertain. Critically ill patients in circulatory shock represent a group that may require close glucose monitoring.
Development of efficient electromagnetic-thermal coupled model of electric machines based on finite element analysis

Multi-physics optimization of an electrical machine design requires that its electromagnetic (EM) and thermal performance must be analyzed and optimized simultaneously since electric machines are heavily constrained by thermal limits. This paper presents the development of coupled models for the EM and thermal finite element (FE) analysis of electrical machines. Temperature-dependent material properties are used so that temperatures inside the machine can be predicted simultaneously with the EM performance. Three 30 kW fractional-slot concentrated winding surface PM machines optimized for maximum torque density, minimum cost, and maximum efficiency have been investigated in order to demonstrate this approach. The results show that the coupled EM/thermal models provide an efficient means of determining the maximum steady-state current density for electric machines that will meet predefined thermal constraints and avoid demagnetization of the rotor magnets. A procedure for efficiently identifying the maximum allowable current density using numerical methods is presented.
A PCR-based amplification method retaining the quantitative difference between two complex genomes

With the increasing emergence of genome-wide analysis technologies (including comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), expression profiling on microarrays, differential display (DD), subtractive hybridization, and representational difference analysis (RDA)), there is frequently a need to amplify entire genomes or cDNAs by PCR to obtain enough material for comparisons among target and control samples. A major problem with PCR is that amplification occurs in a nonlinear manner and reproducibility is influenced by stray impurities. As a result, when two complex DNA populations are amplified separately, the quantitative relationship between two genes after amplification is generally not the same as their relation before amplification. Here we describe balanced PCR, a procedure that faithfully retains the difference among corresponding amplified genes by using a simple principle. Two distinct genomic DNA samples are tagged with oligonucleotides containing both a common and a unique DNA sequence. The genomic DNA samples are pooled and amplified in a single PCR tube using the common DNA tag. By mixing the two genomes, PCR loses the ability to discriminate among the different alleles and the influence of impurities is eliminated. The PCR-amplified pooled samples can be separated using the DNA tag unique to each individual genomic DNA sample. The principle of this method has been validated with synthetic DNA, genomic DNA, and cDNA applied on microarrays. By removing the bias of PCR, this method allows a balanced amplification of allelic fragments from two complex DNAs even after three sequential rounds of PCR. This balanced PCR approach should allow genetic analysis in minute laser-microdissected tissues, paraffin-embedded archived material, or single cells.
Isoflavone Profile and Biological Activity of Soy Bread

The present study examines the ability of isoflavone extracts from whole soy bread and two soy bread fractions, crumb and crust, to modulate the proliferation of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Total isoflavone content in the two fractions of soy bread were similar (3.17 μmol/g dry basis). However, their conjugate patterns were altered. Both fractions of soy bread contained a similar level of isoflavone aglycones (∼24%). Low concentrations of soy bread extracts increased PC-3 cell proliferation as much as 47% compared to untreated control. This proliferative effect in cell growth was reduced at higher extract concentration. Soy bread crust extract (10 mg/mL) reduced PC-3 cell proliferation by 15% compared to untreated control. Interestingly, wheat bread extracts increased cell proliferation at all concentrations tested. Although extracts from both breads possessed biological activity, only soy bread crust extract reduced PC-3 cell proliferation. This observation may be related to the presence of soy in ...
Training Children in Pedestrian Safety: Distinguishing Gains in Knowledge from Gains in Safe Behavior

Pedestrian injuries contribute greatly to child morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that training within virtual pedestrian environments may improve children’s street crossing skills, but may not convey knowledge about safety in street environments. We hypothesized that (a) children will gain pedestrian safety knowledge via videos/software/internet websites, but not when trained by virtual pedestrian environment or other strategies; (b) pedestrian safety knowledge will be associated with safe pedestrian behavior both before and after training; and (c) increases in knowledge will be associated with increases in safe behavior among children trained individually at streetside locations, but not those trained by means of other strategies. We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating pedestrian safety training. We randomly assigned 240 children ages 7–8 to one of four training conditions: videos/software/internet, virtual reality (VR), individualized streetside instruction, or a no-contact control. Both virtual and field simulations of street crossing at 2-lane bi-directional mid-block locations assessed pedestrian behavior at baseline, post-training, and 6-month follow-up. Pedestrian knowledge was assessed orally on all three occasions. Children trained by videos/software/internet, and those trained individually, showed increased knowledge following training relative to children in the other groups (ps < 0.01). Correlations between pedestrian safety knowledge and pedestrian behavior were mostly non-significant. Correlations between change in knowledge and change in behavior from pre- to post-intervention also were non-significant, both for the full sample and within conditions. Children trained using videos/software/internet gained knowledge but did not change their behavior. Children trained individually gained in both knowledge and safer behavior. Children trained virtually gained in safer behavior but not knowledge. If VR is used for training, tools like videos/internet might effectively supplement training. We discovered few associations between knowledge and behavior, and none between changes in knowledge and behavior. Pedestrian safety knowledge and safe pedestrian behavior may be orthogonal constructs that should be considered independently for research and training purposes.
Scaling studies of the resistance of the one-dimensional Anderson model with general disorder

The resistance $\ensuremath{\rho}$ of a one-dimensional Anderson model with both diagonal and off-diagonal disorder is studied by analytic and numerical techniques. A recursive method is developed and used to derive an exact scaling law for the average resistance at $E=0$ for arbitrary disorder, and for $E\ensuremath{\ne}0$ in the limit of weak disorder. The average resistance grows exponentially with $L$, the length of the sample, in all cases. The typical resistance $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}=\mathrm{exp}[〈\mathrm{ln}(1+\ensuremath{\rho})〉]\ensuremath{-}1$ is also found to grow exponentially with $L$ in all cases, except for purely off-diagonal disorder at $E=0$, where $〈\mathrm{ln}(1+\ensuremath{\rho})〉\ensuremath{\propto}\sqrt{L}$. An explanation is given for the existence of this special case and it is shown that all our results are consistent with a lognormal probability distribution of the resistance for $\ensuremath{\rho}gg1$. Quantitative estimates are made of the reliability of numerically performed averages which show that a numerical average will converge only very slowly to the analytic result. This provides a qualitative explanation of the slower than linear growth of $\mathrm{ln}〈\ensuremath{\rho}〉$ with $L$ found in several numerical calculations; its consequences for experiment are also explored.
Radiosurgery for hemangiomas of the cavernous sinus and orbit: technical case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Hemangiomas of neurosurgical interest are histologically benign vascular tumors that most often occur in the orbit or cavernous sinus. Hemangiomas can be diagnosed by their characteristic radiographic and angiographic appearance and their tendency to bleed excessively during attempted removal. Intracranial or intraorbital hemangiomas require treatment when they become symptomatic. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report four hemangioma patients who presented with ocular symptoms or signs, such as orbital pain, ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, or impaired visual acuity. Before our evaluation, two patients had each had incomplete resections aborted because of excessive blood loss, one patient had undergone a nondiagnostic transsphenoidal biopsy, and one patient had had an unsuccessful embolization. INTERVENTION: All four patients were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. Tumors received a minimal tumor dose that ranged from 14 to 19 Gy. Follow-up evaluations were performed 6 to 24 months after radiosurgery and revealed a reduction in tumor volume in three patients and no tumor progression in the fourth. All patients had symptomatic improvement, but one had persistent diplopia. CONCLUSION: In this early experience, stereotactic radiosurgery proved to be an effective management strategy that avoided the potentially serious complications associated with surgery or embolization of cavernous sinus hemangiomas.
Study of the performance of physical water treatment with a solenoid coil to prevent mineral fouling. Part 2: Effect of air bubbles

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of air bubbles on mineral fouling in a heat exchanger with a cooling-tower water. Two different tests were conducted in a concentric-tube heat exchanger at 12 cycles of concentration: no-treatment, and a physical water treatment (PWT). A small flow velocity of 0.83 m/s and a high heat flux of 22.5x10 4 W/m 2 were chosen to accelerate the fouling in the heat exchanger. Air bubbles from the cooling water adhered to the heat-transfer surface made of a smooth copper tube, significantly affecting the overall fouling process. The fouling started from the heat-transfer surface covered by the air bubbles and then spread around the area not covered by the bubbles. The fouling resistance in the case with PWT was approximately 27% less than that in the no-treatment case, indicating that the PWT could be useful in mitigating mineral fouling even in the case of a low flow velocity where air bubbles adversely affect the fouling process.
XYLANASE MOLECULAR SIZE, PULP PORE-STRUCTURE AND PULP DELIGNIFICATION

Bleaching kraft pulp with chlorine can result in toxic chlorinated species in bleach plant effluent. Removing lignin from kraft pulp with xylanase reduces chlorine required for bleaching, which, in turn, reduces toxic species in bleach plant effluent. Kraft pulp mills using xylanase pretreatment have reduced chlorine requirement for bleaching by 20 to 25% for hardwood pulp but only 10 to 15% for softwood pulp. The work reported here demonostrates that xylanase molecular size and pulp pore structure determine the amount of lignin that xylanase can remove from pulp. Using softwood pulp, xylanases wilh molecular weights of 20,000 Da, 39,000 Da, and 67,000 Da removed 48%, 39%, and 30% of lignin respectively. Mild cellulase pre-treatment of softwood pulp increased the apparent median pore size from 37A to 67A which enabled xylanase to reduce chlorine requirement for softwood pulp bleaching by 31%. The same process applied to hardwood pulp eliminated 41.8% of chlorine required for bleaching.
Teaching sensory processes with multimedia: One of my teaching assistants is a mouse

Experiences and lessons drawn from the author’s development and use of multimedia materials in a course on sensory processes are discussed. Results from surveys of student reactions to the effectiveness of multimedia in this course identify several potential pitfalls. Issues are identified on which research is needed.
Regulation of brain and eye temperatures by the bluefin tuna.

Abstract 1. 1. The brain and eye of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are warmer than the water. In fish from 20°C water, brain temperatures averaged about 27°C, eye temperatures about 26°C and maximum muscle temperatures about 30°C. 2. 2. Brain, eye and muscle temperatures are regulated so that there is only a 5–6°C variation over the water temperature range of 7–23°C. 3. 3. A counter-current heat-exchange system in the blood supply to the brain and eye allows metabolic heat to accumulate in these organs and raise their temperatures.
Radiative transfer with partial frequency redistribution in inhomogeneous atmospheres: Application to the Jovian aurora

A direct finite difference numerical solution for the equation of radiative transfer by the Feautrier method is developed for use in planetary atmospheres. The procedure described here uses a plane-parallel atmosphere, and can treat partial frequency redistribution, inhomogeneity, external or internal sources, and various boundary conditions. Isotropic scattering is assumed, but in the case of no frequency redistribution, Rayleigh scattering can also be handled. A program utilizing this method is tested in a variety of situations against more powerful and elaborate methods. The case of the Lyman alpha aurora on Jupiter is then considered, where the effects of partial frequency redistribution are shown to be of great importance. New results for the detailed line profiles for Lyman alpha in the Jovian aurora are presented. The method is quite versatile, and should be especially useful in studying a wide range of problems related to auroral or dayglow emissions in planetary atmospheres.
Oligopolistic Prices in a Free Market-Antigua Guatemala'

In contrast to Tax's view that Guatemalan markets are perfectly competitive, information on the inventories, costs, and incomes of three Antigua marketers indicates that prices may become fixed at high levels. These prices are the result of a complex of buying and selling practices which result in price control in the absence of either product differentiation or collusion among vendors. This system of pricing is contrasted to the most similar economic theory of pricing and indicates the need for precise examinations of the relationship of individuals to the markets in which they sell.
A Centralized Spectrum Sharing Scheme for Access Points in IEEE 802.11 Networks

we apply the concept of the common spectrum coordination channel (CSCC) etiquette protocol to form a spectrum sharing protocol among access points in 802.11 networks. It efficiently allocates operating frequencies among access points. As a result, it reduces interference from wireless devices using the 802.11 MAC/PHY protocol. This is motivated by the lack of intelligent spectrum sharing among Wi-Fi access points. We show that the CSCC protocol is not suitable for point to multipoint (PMP) networks. Through simulation, our proposed spectrum sharing protocol improves throughput and reduces media access delay in Wi-Fi networks.
An overview on interoperability of M&S with C4I systems

The Persian Gulf conflict has led top level military decision makers to conclude that increased joint C4I interoperability is necessary to improve the decision making process, to process the increased amounts of information, and to synchronize combat capabilities. This paper discusses the reasons for making modeling and simulation (M&S) interoperable with C4I systems. It discusses the various approaches for interfacing M&S with C4I systems and it describes some of the major accomplishments, ongoing efforts and planned efforts. It concludes with a discussion of some of the major challenges.
Parasitic nematodes—From genomes to control

The diseases caused by parasitic nematodes in domestic and companion animals are major factors that decrease production and quality of the agricultural products. Methods available for the control of the parasitic nematode infections are mainly based on chemical treatment, non-chemical management practices, immune modulation and biological control. However, even with integrated pest management that frequently combines these approaches, the effective and long-lasting control strategies are hampered by the persistent exposure of host animals to environmental stages of parasites, the incomplete protective response of the host and acquisition of anthelmintic resistance by an increasing number of parasitic nematodes. Therefore, the challenges to improve control of parasitic nematode infections are multi-fold and no single category of information will meet them all. However, new information, such as nematode genomics, functional genomics and proteomics, can strengthen basic and applied biological research aimed to develop improvements. In this review we will, summarize existing control strategies of nematode infections and discuss ongoing developments in nematode genomics. Genomics approaches offer a growing and fundamental base of information, which when coupled with downstream functional genomics and proteomics can accelerate progress towards developing more efficient and sustainable control programs.
Mechanisms of release of granule enzymes from human neutrophils phagocytosing aggregated immunoglobulin

Neutrophils released a proportion of their potentially injurious granule constituents during phagocytosis of particulate aggregated γ-globulin. Lactic dehydrogenase was not liberated and the cells were not lysed. Electron microscopic observation revealed at least four related morphologic mechanisms for the release of granule enzymes. Extrusion of granules was observed primarily into vacuoles. However, occasions were noted when such vacuoles might be open to the exterior: a) When a vacuole apparently opened to allow additional material to be taken into it; b) When a vacuole remained connected to the exterior by a narrow slit; c) When two cells were involved in phagocytosis of a single particle (aggregate); and d) When extrusion of granules preceded the complete closing of pseudopods around the aggregates.
Large prepatellar glomangioma: A case report.

Introduction Glomangiomas are rare, benign tumors derived from the glomus body, typically presenting with the classic triad of pain, tenderness to palpation, and hypersensitivity to cold. Most commonly they present as a solitary lesion in the extremities, especially subungual, but they may present elsewhere.
Use of a cadaveric donor aorta for vascular replacement in kidney transplantation.

Currently the number of kidney transplants performed each year is limited only by the number of donor organs available. The disparity between the number of patients awaiting a kidney and the number of suitable organs recovered continues to increase.' In addition, an increasing number of patients on dialysis who are older than 60 years are seeking transplantation as an option for renal replacement therapy, many of whom have significant atherosclerotic disease of the iliac blood vessels andor have undergone previous vascular reconstructive procedures on the cardiovascular system. We report the use of a cadaveric donor aorta to fashion a graft for donor renal artery replacement when the transplant renal artery was not usable.
Lost in translation: Cultural codes are not blueprints

Entrepreneurship enjoys widespread appeal in nearly all capitalist nations, but start-up success has proved elusive for most entrepreneurs. We explain the low likelihood of entrepreneurial success by focusing on the contrast between organizational forms in terms of cultural codes that tap into widely held perceptions versus organizational forms in terms of blueprints that sustain effective guidance for organizational activities. The dilemma facing nascent entrepreneurs during their life course is the incomplete and fragmentary nature of these opportunities for learning about start-up practices. We conclude the article by offering suggestions for further research to discover what entrepreneurs actually do during the start-up process. Copyright © 2012 Strategic Management Society.
Appearance and properties of L-sorbose-utilizing mutants of Candida albicans obtained on a selective plate.

This is the first report that adaptive mutagenesis can arise by chromosomal nondisjunction, a phenomenon previously associated exclusively with DNA alterations. We previously uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism in Candida albicans in which the assimilation of an alternative sugar, l-sorbose, was determined by copy number of chromosome 5, such that monosomic strains utilized l-sorbose, whereas disomic strains did not. We present evidence that this formation of monosomy of chromosome 5, which is apparently a result of nondisjunction, appeared with increased frequencies after a selective condition was applied, i.e., by adaptive mutagenesis. The rate of formation of l-sorbose-utilizing mutants per viable cell per day ranged from 10(-6) at the initial time of detection to 10(-2) after 4 days of incubation on the selective plate.
Further Evidence for the Cross‐Cultural Generality of the Big Seven Factor Model: Indigenous and Imported Spanish Personality Constructs

Recent research has established the structural robustness of the Big Seven across samples and targets. In this study we analyze a diverse pool of Spanish personality terms to assess the cross-cultural and cross-language robustness of the Big Seven model. Trait terms were culled from an unabridged Spanish dictionary following the nonrestrictive selection criteria previously used by Tellegen and Waller. Self-ratings on 299 descriptors by 894 Spanish university students yielded a seven-factor solution that was clearly recognizable—with important cultural-specific differences—as the Big Seven. These indigenous dimensions were compared with factors from Spanish-translated Big Seven and Big Five questionnaires. Our results demonstrate that the Big Seven are cross-culturally and cross-linguistically robust personality dimensions that are not subsumable by the Big Five.
Ports and Harbours

Among the earliest of reasons for the human modification of shorelines were the desires of providing protection for fishing boats and the development of ports in order to facilitate trade by ships. In discussing the effects such modifications have on the character of coastlines, it is important to distinguish between the terms “harbour” and “port.” Although the terms are frequently used synonymously, there is an important difference between them. Harbours are coastal features which provide protection for ships from the effects of storms, waves, and ocean currents. They exist naturally in many parts of the world, and many of them have been altered more or less extensively for use by ships. When a harbour is provided with facilities for loading and offloading cargoes, it becomes a port. Such conversion involves modification of the coast, the prime concern of this volume.
FABRICATION AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL-GATED CARBON NANOTUBE EMITTER ARRAYS

A technique was investigated for the fabrication of triode-type carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitter arrays, where an integrated extraction gate was built between the nanotube cathode and the anode. The gate improves the control capability of emission currents. To fabricate the metal-gated CNT field emitter arrays, well ordered cells were generated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling of platinum (Pt) coated silicon (Si) substrate and then modified by chemical etching. Two types of catalyst elements iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni), were used for growing the CNTs inside the cells. The methods for depositing catalysts into the cells include spin coating sol–gel Fe, FIB induced decomposition of ferrocene and sputter coating pure Ni. CNT growth was carried out by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The results suggest that the CNTs grew from inside the cells where the catalysts were located. In comparison, the CNTs synthesized from the sol–gel Fe catalyst were straighter than those from ferrocene Fe and pure Ni. The density and orientation of the CNTs in each cell are directly related to the type and quantity of the catalysts and are also affected by the size of the cells.
Gradient descent based optimization for position and speed estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motor at low speed

The optimization of low speed sensorless algorithm parameters is considered to be difficult due to large number of parameters involved. In this paper, a gradient descent based optimization is proposed to optimize the parameters of low speed sensorless algorithm to improve speed and position estimation performance. The Finite Element based phase variable model of permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for simulation of low speed sensorless algorithm. The proposed optimization method improves both dynamic and steady state response characteristic of estimated position and estimated speed.
The Distribution of Modified Mercalli Intensity in the 18 April 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

We analyze Boatwright and Bundock’s (2005) modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) map for the 18 April 1906 San Francisco earthquake, reviewing their interpretation of the MMI scale and testing their correlation of 1906 cemetery damage with MMI intensity. We consider in detail four areas of the intensity map where Boatwright and Bundock (2005) added significantly to the intensity descriptions compiled by Lawson (1908). We show that the distribution of off-fault damage in Sonoma County suggests that the rupture velocity approached the P -wave velocity along Tomales Bay. In contrast, the falloff of intensity with distance from the fault appears approximately constant throughout Mendocino County. The intensity in Humboldt County appears somewhat higher than the intensity in Mendocino County, suggesting that the rupture process at the northern end of the rupture was relatively energetic and that there was directivity consistent with a subsonic rupture velocity on the section of the fault south of Shelter Cove. Finally, we show that the intensity sites added in Santa Cruz County change the intensity distribution so that it decreases gradually along the southeastern section of rupture from Corralitos to San Juan Bautista and implies that the stress release on this section of rupture was relatively low.
Emerging functional and mechanistic paradigms of mammalian long non-coding RNAs

The recent discovery that the human and other mammalian genomes produce thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) raises many fascinating questions. These mRNA-like molecules, which lack significant protein-coding capacity, have been implicated in a wide range of biological functions through diverse and as yet poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Despite some recent insights into how lncRNAs function in such diverse cellular processes as regulation of gene expression and assembly of cellular structures, by and large, the key questions regarding lncRNA mechanisms remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the biology of lncRNAs and propose avenues of investigation that may lead to fundamental new insights into their functions and mechanisms of action. Finally, as numerous lncRNAs are dysregulated in human diseases and disorders, we also discuss potential roles for these molecules in human health.
Laboratory-Acquired Parasitic Infections from Accidental Exposures

Parasitic diseases are receiving increasing attention in developed countries in part because of their importance in travelers, immigrants, and immunocompromised persons. The main purpose of this review is to educate laboratorians, the primary readership, and health care workers, the secondary readership, about the potential hazards of handling specimens that contain viable parasites and about the diseases that can result. This is accomplished partly through discussion of the occupationally acquired cases of parasitic infections that have been reported, focusing for each case on the type of accident that resulted in infection, the length of the incubation period, the clinical manifestations that developed, and the means by which infection was detected. The article focuses on the cases of infection with the protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis), and African trypanosomiasis. Data about 164 such cases are discussed, as are data about cases caused by intestinal protozoa and by helminths. Of the 105 case-patients infected with blood and tissue protozoa who either recalled an accident or for whom the likely route of transmission could be presumed, 47 (44.8%) had percutaneous exposure via a contaminated needle or other sharp object. Some accidents were directly linked to poor laboratory practices (e.g., recapping a needle or working barehanded). To decrease the likelihood of accidental exposures, persons who could be exposed to pathogenic parasites must be thoroughly instructed in safety precautions before they begin to work and through ongoing training programs. Protocols should be provided for handling specimens that could contain viable organisms, using protective clothing and equipment, dealing with spills of infectious organisms, and responding to accidents. Special care should be exercised when using needles and other sharp objects.
A PC-based simulation code for radar polarimetric field applications in meteorology

A simulation code that computes radar polarimetric parameters for use in field applications and a study of their dependence on hydrometeor characteristics is presented. The code models different hydrometeor types, including raindrops, hail, graupel and various types of ice and mixed-phase particles. For each hydrometeor type, the user can specify a variety of parameters (e.g., equivolume diameter, temperature, axial ratio, density, canting angle, etc.) as well as several shapes and size distributions. The software calculates both monostatic radar parameters and propagation effects. Available parameters include: reflectivity factors at horizontal and vertical polarizations (Z/sub H/, Z/sub V/), differential reflectivity Z/sub DR/, circular depolarization ratio CDR, linear depolarization ratio LDR and specific differential phase shift KDP, all at K-, X-, C- and S- band wavelengths. The code is fully interactive and easy to upgrade by creating new data bases for other types of hydrometeors. It is user-friendly and intended to be a valuable tool for use during polarimetric field experiments of storms. >
Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics in mice using a radioactive microsphere technique

Mice are commonly used for the study of human disease processes. However, techniques for measuring systemic and hepatic blood flow in mice have not been developed. We attempted the conventional technique of radiolabeled microsphere injection into the left ventricle, but difficulties were encountered, including unsuspected ventricular perforation and outflow obstruction in 68% of the animals. We therefore evaluated whether an injection into the carotid artery close to the aortic arch can fulfill the criteria (approximately or greater than 300 microspheres in femoral blood or tissues, adequate mixing of microspheres with blood, and no significant alteration of blood pressure during microsphere injection) required for accurate measurement of systemic and regional hemodynamics. Carotid artery injection resulted in adequate mixing and number of microspheres in tissues in 78 and 91% of the animals, respectively. Portal venous inflow was 1.8 +/- 0.3 ml.min-1.g liver tissue-1 and renal blood flow was 5.1 +/- 0.75 ml.min-1.g tissue-1. Compared per unit weight, these values are quite similar to those reported in rats. Cardiac output was 12.1 +/- 1.2 ml/min and cardiac index was 462 +/- 47 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1. The reliability of cardiac output determination is improved if whole body radioactivity is taken into account. Five of 22 animals had to be excluded because of either a low number of microspheres in tissues or inadequate mixing of microspheres with blood (shown by asymmetrical distribution of microspheres between left and right kidney). With modifications, the radioactive microsphere technique can be adapted to the hemodynamic study of mice.
Gas mixtures and ozone production in an electrical discharge

Abstract The quantitative production of ozone (O3) with N2, O2, and Ar gas mixtures in an atmospheric pressure corona discharge (CD) is investigated. A five-part model is presented that explores the discharge conditions needed for optimum ozone production. One part of the model is the well-known relationship that correlates the discharge's voltage, frequency, gap, dielectric material, etc with the generator's yield. The four other parameter's revolve around the correct selection of the gas mixture, which subsequently effect's the discharge's ionization potential, continuum background, excitation of atomic and molecular species, and gas cooling efficiency. Varying the ratios of the three basic components of air (N2, O2) and Ar) is demonstrated to have a pronounced effect on ozone production in a modified CD.